2 AGBU EDWARD MARDIGIAN AGBU VOLUM E 4. No. 1. FEBRUARY 1994 In M e m o r i a m ARMENIAN GENERAL BENEVOLENT UNION T he AGBU Central Board 31 West 52nd Street, New York, NY 10019-6118. Tel: 212 765-8260 • Fax: 212 765-8208 / 9 of Directors extends its UNITED ARAB EMIRATES deepest sym­ 3 AN EXAMPLE OF ETHNIC HARMONY pathies to the 4 A SUCCESS STORY IN DUBAI 5 A WINDOW OF OPPORTUNITY FOR family of Mr. Edward ARMENIA Mardigian. Mr. Mardi- KUWAIT gian, noted industrialist 7 THE SCARS OF WAR and philanthropist 8 THE ARMENIANS OF KUWAIT passed away on Novem­ ARMENIA ber 3, 1993 at the age of 10 BEATING THE ODDS 86. AGBU-AIS President of AGBU of 13 AGBU-AIS NEWSWATCH Am erica from 1970 to CYPRUS 1985 and Vice President 20 A DIVIDED COUNTRY 21 MELKONIAN EDUCATIONAL of the Central Board of INSTITUTE Directors of the AGBU AGBU from 1981 to 1985, Mr. 22 CHAPTER NEWS Mardigian was an ardent, United States, Lebanon, Australia, Canada, Egypt. generous supporter of 27 GRADUATE FELLOWSHIPS many programs dedicat­ 28 DONATIONS ed to serving the Armen­ Cover Photo: Yerabloor Soldiers’ Cem etery ian community. Particu­ AGBU NEWS larly interested in promoting youth projects, Mr. Mardigian and his wife C ontributors: Carol Aslanian, Georges Der Parthogh, Christine Simone, Louise M. Simone, David Zenian. Helen, in addition to their many past contributions, established a substantial Photographs: JK Hovhannes, Georges Der Parthogh, Royal Stu­ endowment to support the AGBU Olympic games and sports projects. dio, Louise M. Simone, David Zenian. During his many active years Edward Mardigian was a major contribu­ Design: Armen Garabedian. Production: Antranig Basmadjian, Linda Ganjian. tor to St. John's Armenian Church in Southfield, Michigan, the Diocese of the Armenian church, a founding trustee of the Armenian Assembly in Washington, D.C. and a Board member of St. Nerses Armenian Seminary. Mr. and Mrs. Mardigian funded the Edward and Helen Mardigian Museum in the Armenian Quarter of Jerusalem and renovations and construction of a library at the Geghard Monastery in Armenia. Born in Istanbul, Turkey, Edward Mardigian immigrated to the United States with his family in 1914. At the young age of 28, Mardigian, having been promoted to Chief Engineer at Briggs Manufacturing Co., was chosen to go to England for two years to set up production for Ford automobiles to be sold in Europe. Shortly after World War II, he established the Mardigian Corporation, a highly successful company building automobile dies and production machinery. In 1971, Mardigian sold his company to the Dana Corporation. A few years later he purchased the Hercules Machine Tool and Die Co. in Warren, MI. Enthusiastic in promoting his heritage, Mr. Mardigian was an active leading community member throughout his life, always committed and gen­ erous in giving his support, time and energy.

THE UNITED ARAB EMIRATES 1 v.rL 7r ■ G;'; Nti* *'» iyV; -; wi1wFfIl ,1i| iS li J -t ARTICLES BY DAVID ZENIAN not plastic and both cabin and cockpit Emirians. also no restrictions at area beaches where crew is predominantly British. But the Emirians are happy with the bikini-clad Europeans soak up the sun DUBAI — The United Arab Emirates is along the golden coast of the Arabian ranked among the richest countries in the Arriving at Dubai airport, the scene arrangement and the foreigners have no Gulf or by the poolside of five star hotels . world, but it's the smooth working rela­ is also unique. The facility is luxurious problems adjusting to the laws of the If local Emirian women normally are still tionship between the ethnic Emirian and ultra modern, and all ground person­ and which in most part are more flexible under the veil or stay away from the minority and the country's overwhelm­ nel except for immigration and police than the other Moslem states in the beaches, it is because of cultural guide­ ing majority of foreigners that makes the officials are Indians, Pakistanis or Fil­ region. Unlike regional giants Iran and lines rather than specific restrictive laws. UAE unique in the region. ipinos. Saudi Arabia, the UAE is more relaxed when it comes to regulating and influenc­ As part of a federation, each of the Majority in this case means five for­ Arabic is the official language of the ing the daily lives of the two million for­ seven emirates draws its own lines on eigners to every Emirian citizen and land, but Persian, English, Urdu and eigners who have made the country their certain issues without interfering with the that's a lot of foreigners in a country of Hindi are so prevalent that not knowing second home. doings of the other. For example, while only 2.5 million people. This combination Arabic is not a handicap. In downtown one Emirate is totally \"d ry \", another of ethnic diversity and wealth is evident Dubai, Sharjah and other major towns One such area is the dress code for allows alcoholic drinks to be sold in from the moment a visitor steps into a and cities of the UAE, and in banks, women. Another is the consumption of hotels and special stores for consumption government-owned United Arab Airlines hotels, stores and restaurants, Arabic is liquor. Women do not have to wrap at home. Such flexibility might essentially passenger jet. The aircraft are among the only a second language. themselves head to toe in dark chadors contradict Islamic codes, but for the Unit­ :>est and most modern money can buy. unless they feel compelled to do so ed Arab Emirates, it is one of the major Each passenger seat — even in economy The imbalance in the ethnic struc­ because of personal choice or religious ingredients of the existing ethnic and cul­ class — has its private five-channel televi­ ture of the country is evident everywhere belief. Women are also free to drive or tural harmony between the country's sion screen. The food on board is from from the most modern shopping malls to visit stores and shopping centers without \"guest\" and \"host\" populations. □ top international caterers, the cutlery is the small TV repair shops where practi­ being accompanied or escorted by their cally every facet of the service and con­ spouses or close male relatives. There are sumer industries is operated by non-

AGBU THE UNITED ARAB EMIRATES but it has also spared no effort to build most of the traditional Diaspora infra­ Haigaz Tahm asian a t his Yerevan Steel Corporation structure for the survival of an otherwise in Dubai. mobile community. S tre e t scene in dow ntow n Dubai. The Armenian school caters to the community's youngsters who attend DUBAI, United Arab Emirates — When cation, but I was willing to foreign enterprises, engineers, small classes on Fridays — the last day of the Haigaz Tahmasian left his native Iran 25 learn and work ... and work industrialists, custom jewelers, traders Moslem weekend. At present, some 100 years ago as a 17-year-old escaping the hard,\" Tahmasian says in and car mechanics. \"The size of our com­ Armenian children are enrolled in the draft in Shah Reza Pahlavi's army, his retrospect. munity has fluctuated over the years three hour program, learning the Alpha­ new home across the Persian Gulf was depending on the prevailing political sit­ bet and a bit of history and culture. nothing but a vast desert. \"I started off as a uation in the neighboring countries. welder, doing odd jobs for Fewer people are coming now that there But with no opportunity to continue The desert Sheiks have since come oil com panies in the hot is more stability in the region - especially their higher education in the United Arab together to form the United Arab Emi­ desert ... not the kind of in Lebanon,\" Tahmasian said. Emirates, high school graduates either rates, the Shah has died in exile, his work for a teen-ager who return to their native countries or travel nation transformed into an Islamic had a good and protected Drawn from Iranian, Syrian and to the United States and Canada to con­ Republic, and Haigaz Tahmasian has life in Iran,\" he says with a Lebanese Armenian backgrounds, the tinue their studies. \"The teen-agers don't become one of the leading builders in his smile. tight knit group has not only accumulat­ come back after getting a university or adopted country. ed considerable financial assets for itself, college education abroad, so this means Tahmasian, now 44 and that sometimes their parents also relocate But Tahmasian, like 2 million other father of two children, has to be closer to where their children are,\" foreigners living and working in a coun­ every reason to smile. A self- Tahmasian said, pointing to the dozens of try of 500,000 ethnic Emirates' nationals, made man, his is one of the success sto­ Armenian teen-agers at a recent commu­ is still an Iranian citizen and cannot even ries of the small but cohesive Armenian nity picnic in the oasis town of A1 Ain. hope for a UAE citizenship despite his community of the United Arab Emirates. \"The adults are very Armenian, but long residence and vast business connec­ His Yerevan Steel Corporation is one of among each other, most of the youngsters tions. \"We can live, work and prosper, the largest in the region. converse in the foreign language of the but cannot have any roots here. This is a schools they attend,\" he added. typical Gypsy kind of society. There is \"I had to give the company an movement all the time, but some of us Armenian name ... for good luck,\" he The community also has a resident stay longer than others. There were only says. Numbering not more 1,500 people clergyman from the Catholicosate of the a handful of Armenians in Dubai when I scattered across the Emirates of Dubai, Great House of Cilicia in A ntelias, arrived by ferry boat from Bandar Abbas Sharjah and Abu Dhabi, the Armenian Lebanon, who conducts mass each Friday in 1968.1 had no money and no real edu­ community is composed mainly of upper in one of D ubai's few churches. The and middle level managers in local and Catholicosate also appoints the members serving on the local Armenian Communi­ ty Council. While most community structures are in place, and local Armenians live comfortable lives, few call the United Arab Emirates \"home.\" The United Arab Emirates, like the other neighboring Gulf states, does not allow foreigners to own private property, and every resident alien should have a local \"sponsor\" or guarantor. This explains why Tahmasian, who employs 60 people including engineers and draftsmen, cannot be the official propri­ etor of Yerevan Steel Corpo­ ration. \"I have a local sponsor who, as the license holder, technically can pull the rug out from under this whole business in two minutes and force me to either find a new sponsor or leave the country. The sponsor holds the key to our operation. I pay him what amounts to a royalty or a license fee every month. It's the sponsor who handles my residence permit without which I cannot work or live in the United Arab Emirates,\" Tahmasian said. \"There have been problems with capricious sponsors in the past, and while things are much better now, the sponsors can essentially ruin everything we have built in this country.\" These investments include expen­ sive custom jewelry stores, wholesale and retail stationery and office equipment outlets and light industry. \"We do not see any danger to our livelihood; but depen­ dence on sponsors sometimes curtails our expansion plans,\" Tahmasian said. □

w arn w m __________ AGBU United Arab Emirates. \"We must admit rates. I am not considered a frequent trav­ that we could have been better prepared eler, and I make at least four or five trips for this, but then again, we lack the expe­ to Dubai every year. Others are here at rience of doing business outside the for­ least once a month,\" Yerevan resident mer Soviet Union,\" an Armenian factory and tour organizer Arthur Minassian said \"executive\" said. \"We are good at barter during one of his recent trips. \"Dubai and trade, but we are a long way from learn­ Sharjah are very important windows of ing the tools of real business.\" opportunity for Armenia. I t's less than a SHARJAH, United Arab Emirates — The only the curious public, but also \"seri­ While official­ airports at Sharjah and neighboring ous\" executives from a number of inter­ dom tackles the Dubai and Ras el Khaymah at times look national electronics companies, including mechanics of how more like Moscow's Sheremetyevo than a purchasing manager from a Canadian to open a letter of the desert airfields of the oil rich United firm who had a special interest in several credit or fill out Arab Emirates. And if traffic to and from high-tech products made in Armenia. major orders from the republics of the former Soviet Union While no sale orders were taken, the foreign merchants, is on the increase, Yerevan flights propor­ exhibit gave Armenia a chance to reach individual Armeni­ tionately have the lion's share both in fre­ out to potential markets outside the for­ ans are already quency and the dollar value of goods mer Soviet Union. It also provided the busy trading in less they carry. participants with valuable practical expe­ complicated ways. rience in the mechanics and art of inter­ At least five flights One such flight last December national trade. \"We have learned a lot from Yerevan land brought in a group of Armenian factory from this experience. We will plan things in Dubai and Shar­ managers and representatives to a trade better next time,\" a participant said. jah every week. fair in the Emirate of Sharjah seeking The planes come in markets for a variety of products ranging First, the plane carrying the exhibits empty except for from heavy drilling equipment, water and the Armenian team was delayed by the dozen or so pumps, space heaters, electrical wiring, more than 24 hours. This meant the \"bu sin essm en \" aluminum foil, tires, forklifts, to neon Armenian pavilion was not ready for the passengers, but fly lights and digital clocks. opening ceremony. Then, there were not pack full of goods enough English speakers in the group to for sale in Armenia Thanks to the tireless efforts of area handle all the questions from the visiting and elsewhere. Armenians like bank manager Varoujan public or English-language brochures to Narguizian, the group was given the best promote the exhibited goods. \"A rm enian location on the fair grounds to exhibit entrepreneurs were their products and the Armenian tricolor Few, if any, of the Armenian factory the first to discover was hoisted prominently next to the flags representatives were salesmen. Others the practical value of the United States and Great Britain. had problems answering questions of trade with the regarding ways of getting the Armenian United Arab Emi­ For three days, the Armenian products to the potential customers in the exhibitors answered questions from not Trade fair Pavilion of the Republic of A rm en ia. UNITED ARAB EMIRATES AT A GLANCE GEOGRAPHY TO TAL A R EA : 83,600 square kilometers. COM PARATIVE A R EA : Slightly smaller than Maine. LAND BOUNDARIES: 1,016 kilometers total: Oman, 410 kilometers, Saudi Arabia, 586 kilometers, Qatar, 20 kilometers. C LIM A T E: Desert, cooler in eastern mountains. TER R AIN : Flat, barren coastal plain merging into rolling sand dunes of vast desert wasteland; mountains in east. NATURAL RESOURCES: Crude oil and natural gas. PEOPLE POPULATION: 2.5 million. BIRTH R A TE: 29 births per 1,000 population. DEATH R A TE: 3 deaths per 1,000 population. INFANT M O R TALITY: 23 deaths per 1,000 live births. LIFE EXP EC TA N C Y AT BIRTH: 70 years male, 72 years female. ETHNIC DIVISIONS: Emirian 19 percent, other Arab 23 percent, south Asian 50 percent, other expatriates 8 percent (less than 20 percent of population are UAE citizens). RELIGION: Muslim, 96 percent; Christian, Hindu and other, 4 percent. LANG UAG E: Arabic. GOVERNMENT T Y P E : Federation with special powers delegated to the UAE central government and other powers reserved to member emirates. C APITAL: Abu Dhabi. ADM INISTRATIVE DIVISIONS: Seven emirates - Abu Dhabi, Ajman, A1 Fujairah, Sharjah, Dubai, Ras A1 Khaymah, Umm al Qaywan. CHIEF OF S TA TE: President Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan al Nuhayyan. POLITICAL PARTIES: None. ECONOMY OVERVIEW : The UAE has an open economy with one of the world's highest incomes per capita outside the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) nations. This wealth is based on oil and gas, and the fortunes of the economy fluctuate with the prices of those commodities. Since 1973 when petroleum prices shot up, the UAE has undergone a profound transformation from impoverished small desert principalities to a modem state with a high standard of living. At present levels of production, crude oil reserves should last for over 100 years. EXPO R TS: 21.3 billion dollars (commodities - crude oil 65 percent, natural gas, reexports, dried fish, dates). IM PORTS: 11.0 billion dollars (commodities - food, consumer and capital goods ). INDUSTRIES: Petroleum, fishing, petrochemicals, construction materials, some boat build­ ing, handicrafts, pearling. AGRICULTURE: Accounts for 2 percent of GDP and 5 percent of labor force. Cash crop - dates. Food products - vegetables, watermelons, poultry, eggs, dairy, fish. Only 25 percent self-sufficient in food. CURRENCY: Emirian Dirham.

AGBU three hour flight from paintings and water colors were exhibit­ A rm enian “business­ Armenian entrepreneur Yerevan. Business is ed during an Armenian picnic with men” outside the said. \"Look at Armenians lucrative, and hundreds scores sold for prices ranging from fifty to Jasm in e-G lo b e around the world, they of people are making an a few hundred dollars. Trotters, one of the are all good businessmen. honest living from agencies handling They all have started with trade/' \"Everyone was happy,\" Minassian freight to Yerevan little and climbed to the said. \"We are not selling works of art by (above). top.\" Like others in his Dubai and Sharjah giants like Martiros Saryan but rather Bank of Sharjah group \"shopp ing\" in are especially useful new artists who need the money not only M anager Varoujan Dubai, he too declined to because of their proxim­ to keep painting, but also to feed their Narguizian, a driving be identified. \"There is a ity to Yerevan, their families this winter. The artists made fo rce in th e A rm en­ mistaken perception in near tax free status and ian Community of Armenia about us. There the support visiting the UAE. is nothing wrong or illegal Yerevan businessmen (left). about doing this kind of get from the local business,\" he said. Armenian community. some money, the local community had the In the lobby of down­ But how does all moral satisfaction of town Dubai's A1 Diwan this work? Is it legal? helping the artists and Hotel, better known by What kind of people are the joy of owning a piece Armenians as the Dvin involved? and what do of authentic Armenian after a hotel by that name they trade in? Minass- art, and yes, all this was in Yerevan, \"bu sin ess­ ian, for example, sells good business for me men\" are busy sorting and \"not so valuable too,\" Minassian said. packing merchandise for Armenian art work\" in the next flight out to the United Arab Emi­ But if Minassian Armenia. \"We handle 10 rates and uses the gen­ and a handful of artists to 20 tons of goods every erated cash to purchase are making a few hun­ week,\" said Anahid, the goods from the local dred dollars selling oil representative of Jasmin- market for sale in Yere­ and water colors, thou­ Globe Trotters, one of sev­ van. Others, often called \"suitcase mer­ sands of dollars are eral shipping and travel chants,\" come in with dollars to purchase changing hands in the busy Souks of the agencies jointly owned goods to take back not only to Armenia United Arab Emirates. and operated by Armen­ but also to other former Soviet Republics \"Goods are very cheap here because ian entrepreneurs in and Communist states of Eastern Europe. there are practically no taxes on imports Armenia and the United and exports. The right commodities are Arab Emirates. Last December, Minassian accompa­ very profitable, especially if sold in the nied a group of budding Armenian Baltic states or even Poland. If I make \"What we do is not painters to Dubai for an art show sup­ money, I spend it in Armenia and that only legal both in Arme­ ported by some members of the local creates movement of cash which is a nia and the United Arab Armenian community. Hundreds of oil healthy development,\" one young Emirates, but also very simple,\" Anahid explains. \"We organize one-week trips for Armenians on charter planes from Yerevan which carry a dozen or so pas­ sengers and a lot of cargo room. The cost is 520 dollars which covers air fare, the cost of the hotel room, breakfast and one other meal a day, plus 50 kilograms of free cargo for each passenger on the return flight to Yerevan from Dubai or Sharjah. Extra cargo, which all passengers have a lot of, costs one dollar per kilo,\" she said. One such load being packed for a recent flight to Yerevan included dozens of kerosene space heaters, canned meat, computer parts, VCRs, a couple of refrig­ erators and other kitchen appliances. \"The electrical appliances are normally sold to the growing foreign community in Yerevan who have both the money and the electricity,\" Anahid added. And what is the volume of trade between the United Arab Emirates and Armenia? \"A lot,\" says Anahid. \"At least fifty to sixty Armenian businessmen come here every week and each of them buys not less than 5,000 dollars worth of various goods ... that's 300,000 dollars per week or more than 15 million dollars a year. Business creates a ripple effect. Every one from the charter organizers to the kiosk owners on the streets of Yere­ van make a few dollars. No one is going to get rich, but a little business is better than no business at all,\" she said with a shrug. So the flights from Yerevan keep coming to the United Arab Emirates. □

KUWAIT ARTICLES BY DAVID ZENIAN \"One of my best craftsmen was a j 7 1 f r *• ^-** »ul Palestinian. 1 have not been able to KUWAIT - For most of the world, the replace him with the available Indian, verts. People socialize mainly within their many for sale on the local market. Used Gulf War is part of history, but not for the Pakistani or Egyptian worker,\" a Kuwaiti ethnic circle ... and the Gulf War had a lot car dealers are thriving,\" he said. people of Kuwait who saw their country factory owner said recently. \"No, do not to do with this,\" a long-time resident slip through their fingers and then mirac­ use my name,\" he added swiftly. observed. The behavior is also an indication of ulously returned thanks to an interna­ the shortage of cash. People are more fru- tional military alliance led by the United Palestinians were prominent in If the behavioral changes are visible gal. States. every aspect of Kuwaiti life. From region­ on citizens and residents alike, so is the al police chiefs, to top government effect of the war on the economy of a \"The lavish days are over. The Most of the scars of the Iraqi occupa­ administrators and from the banking sec­ nation which has one of the world's thought of losing everything overnight tion are wiped clean from the towns and tor to skilled labor, Palestinians were a largest known crude oil reserves. cannot be forgotten easily. Remember villages of the oil-rich state except for a visible part of everyday life. that we almost lost everything once,\" a few shell-pocked buildings, hundreds of Mercedes Benzes, BMWs still race local car repair shop owner said. empty apartments once inhabited by The so-called Palestinian elite was through the streets, but it's the used car Palestinians and a vast desert \"museum\" part of the social circle, while the working business which is thriving in post-Gulf \"Before the war, I did not care. I am housing thousands of destroyed Iraqi class made its marks on the marketplace War Kuwait. now more careful with my money. We tanks, artillery, rockets and patrol boats and the once-active labor unions. are no longer spending as if there is no which act as a reminder of the nightmare. \"It's all very psychological. The fear tomorrow,\" he added. Today, the Palestinians are all but of cars being stolen seems to have had a But the physical aspects are minimal out of the Kuwaiti scene — discredited by greater impact than expected,\" a car deal­ \"We came close to tasting poverty compared to the economic, social and citizens and government alike. The few er said. and betrayal by some of our fellow Arab even psychological impact of the war. \"lucky\" enough to be allowed to stay, brothers. Kuwait is a different place, and Seldom is a conversation with a Kuwaiti maintain a low profile for fear of expul­ \"For every new car sold in Kuwait so are the Kuwaitis and foreign guests,\" citizen or resident concluded without sion. these days, more than 100 used cars are he added. □ mentioning the Gulf War — sometimes imported from the United States and Ger­ more than once — and for good reason. The Gulf War has also had a sober­ ing effect on Kuwaiti citizens. They are Imagine a country of only 1.4 million more cautious and protective. people where nearly half of its residents and 70 percent of its 600,000 labor force \"There is a general sense of betrayal. are foreigners. Also imagine that a large It started with the Palestinians, but has chunk of the specialized labor force con­ quietly translated into similar reserva­ sisted of Palestinians who have now been tions toward other Arabs in general,\" a expelled from the country because of western diplomat said recently. alleged collaboration with the invading Iraqi army. It is this apprehension that has slowed down the influx of Arab workers No one insists that the Palestinians to replace the Palestinians. Work permits ran Kuwait's infrastructure, however for Indians, Pakistanis or Sri Lankans are their departure has in fact had its impact easier to obtain than those for Lebanese, on the economy. Jordanian, Sudanese or sometimes even Syrian employees. \"This is becoming a society of intro­

8 AGBU THE ARMENIANS Armenian families were away vacation­ OF KUWAIT! ing in their native Syria or Lebanon. \"Thank God it all started in the middle of REBUILDING AFTER THE GULF WAR summer. The school was closed and the children safe. Maybe only a few thousand KUWAIT — Civil strife and political bring their new brides to Kuwait. This Armenians were in Kuwait, and most of unrest often have devastating effects on them were working men. With the occu­ Armenian communities in the Middle was how the community started in the pation in place, most of them left by road East, and Kuwait was about to become its to Baghdad and then on to their home latest casualty if not for Operation Desert late 1950's and maybe the same will hap­ countries,\" Father Sarkissian added. Storm which liberated the oil-rich state from Iraqi occupation. pen again,\" Father Sarkissian said. While stores, warehouses, factories and other facilities were \"loaded up in But the memory of war lingers on. Meanwhile, enrollm ent at the trucks and carted off to Iraq by the invad­ Father Barouyr Sarkissian, the long-time ing arm y\", the Armenian school and pastor of the local Armenian church, still Armenian school is rising as families join church were unscathed. \"A dozen or so keeps extra food, fuel and a small genera­ Armenian youths maintained a round the tor at home more than three years after the heads of their households after a few clock vigil in both of these institutions to the invasion — just in case something keep the looters away. They were not goes wrong again. years away from Kuwait. armed except with our prayers,\" he said. \"We have invested so much into what we \"Kuwait is not the same, and proba­ \"We are lucky,\" Father Sarkissian have as a community, and we just could bly the Armenian community here will not let go.\" not be the same again too,\" Father says. \"W e were down to a mere 500 Sarkissian says reminiscing about the Armenians \"discovered Kuwait\" \"good old days\" of the mid-1980's when Armenians during the Iraqi occupation of immediately after the first wave of Arab m nearly 12,000 Armenians lived in Kuwait. nationalism hit Syria and Egypt with the Kuwait in 1990. After the liberation, we formation in 1958 of the ill-fated United m . ‘ r ' rr. “ . The same it may not be again, but Arab Republic, the brainchild of the late - / •• • the Armenian community in Kuwait is opened our school with only 90 students. Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser. slowly getting back on track. Among the encouraging signs are generally relaxed The UAR, as it was known, brought employment laws regarding newcomers wide scale nationalization and compulso- from such Arab states as Syria — the birthplace of the majority of Armenians Today the Armen­ who have made Kuwait their second home. At last count in early January 1994, ian community an estimated 500 \"single Armenian men\" had found employment with various numbers about i ■r 1 1 companies in Kuwait in the past 12 months alone. 2,500 — and slow­ m \"Hopefully, these people will settle ly growing. The vV- down, and eventually get married and Armenian school this year has 298 nil students.\" Father Sarkissian was one of the 500 n who stayed - -fv behind to look - -X* A' after those who m could not leave and to take care of fcs community prop­ Kuwaiti erty. sponsors. But When the first that was Iraqi tanks rolled immaterial. into Kuwait city in ■■■ Within a August 1990, the few years, m ajority of more young A rm enians •* >* flocked into Kuwait. They ____________________________________ were mainly skilled crafts­ Arm enian N ational School in K uw ait. men who soon ry m ilitary service — measures cut a lucrative niche for themselves in which did not sit well with the Kuwait's thriving light industry, auto large Armenian communities in repair, auto body, plumbing, electrical Syria and Egypt. The establishment and service sector. \"In no time at all, auto of the UAR also triggered a mass repair in Kuwait was synonymous to exodus of Armenians to Lebanon Armenian. All the good mechanics were from Syria and to Canada and the Armenians,\" a long-time Armenian resi­ United States from Egypt. dent of Kuwait city said. Few made it to Kuwait, which \"News traveled fast, and more and was then nothing but a desert more skilled workers started pouring in. British mandate about the size of Soon, Kuwait became a little Aleppo, New Jersey. There, they discovered Kessab, Latakia and Damascus,\" Hagop the taste of wealth, and with their Kouyoumjian, one of the early pioneers home countries in turmoil, dropped said. anchor despite the harsh living con­ With each influx of young Armeni­ ditions. They knew that foreigners ans, new brides followed. This meant were nothing but glorified migrant children, and the need for an Armenian workers whose residence permits education and a place of worship. \"You depended on the goodwill of their cannot deprive the Arm enians from

[ AGBU 9 church and school. Have a look at all the Armenian communities in the world. You get a couple of hundred Armenians together, and the first thing they do is start a school and get a priest to conduct Sunday Mass,\" Father Sarkisian said. It was only a few years after the first wave of Armenians arrived in Kuwait that a small group got together and start­ ed the Armenian school. \"The communi­ ty was primarily composed of newly­ weds, and once their kids got to the age of four or five, these people opened a kindergarten. That was in 1960.1 came to Kuwait in 1961, and in the years that fol­ lowed both our school and church grew into full-fledged and self-sustaining insti­ tutions,\" Father Sarkissian said. \"We used to hold Mass in an apart­ ment, then one year we pitched a tent in the courtyard of the Armenian school to commemorate St. Vartan. We have come a long way since then,\" Father Sarkissian says. More classes were added to the school every year to accommodate the growing population, and today, there is room for Armenian children from kinder­ garten to 12 grade. The school, the only foreign institution which is allowed to incorporate religion into its curriculum, now has nearly 300 students, and a staff of 25 full time teachers, including 17 Armenians. That's a far cry from the days when enrollment topped 700, and the commu­ nity was more than 12,000-strong. But automatic transmission repair shop owner Hagop Kouyoumjian is opti­ mistic. \"Armenians have a great reputa­ tion in Kuwait, and I am confident we will once again prosper and grow. There are opportunities in Kuwait, and we will make good use of that,\" he said. □ v*ve. KUWAIT AT A GLANCE GEOGRAPHY TO TA L A R EA : 17,820 square kilometers. COM PARATIVE A R EA : Slightly smaller than New Jersey. LAND BOUNDARIES: 462 kilometers total; Iraq, 240 kilometers, Saudi Arabia 222 kilometers. C LIM A T E: Dry desert, intensely hot summers, short, cool winters. TER R A IN : Flat to slightly undulating desert plain. NATURAL RESOURCES: Petroleum, fish, shrimp, natural gas. PEOPLE POPULATION: 1.4 million (down from 2.1 million before the Gulf war). BIRTH R A T E: 32 births per 1,000 population. DEATH R A T E: 2 deaths per 1,000 population. IN FAN T M OR­ TA LITY R A T E: 14 deaths per 1,000 live births. L IF E EX P EC TA N C Y AT BIRTH: 72 years male, 76 years female. ETHNIC DIVISIONS: Kuwaiti 50 percent, other Arab 35 percent, south Asian 9 percent, Iranian 4 percent, other 2 percent. RELIGION: Muslim 85 percent (Shiite 30 percent, Sunni 45 percent, other 10 percent), Christian, Hindu, Parsi and other 15 percent. LAN G U AG E: Arabic. GOVERNMENT T Y P E : Nominal constitutional monarchy. CHIEF OF S TA TE: Amir Sheikh Jabir A1 Ahmed A1 Jaber A1 Sabah. HEAD O F G O VER N M EN T: Prime Minister and Crown Prince Saud A1 Abdullah A1 Salem A1 Sabah. POLITICAL PARTIES: None. S U FFR A G E: Adult males who resided in Kuwait before 1920 and their male descendants at age 21. Note - Out of all citizens only 10 percent are eligible to vote and only 5 percent actually vote. ECONOMY OVERVIEW : Up to the invasion by Iraq in August 1990, the oil sector had dominated the economy. Kuwait has the third largest oil reserves in the world after Saudi Arabia and Iraq. Earnings from hydrocarbons have generated 90 percent of both export and government revenues and contributed about 40 percent to GDP. Most of the non-oil sec­ tor has been dependent upon oil-derived government revenues. Iraq's destruction of Kuwait's oil industry during the Gulf war has devastated the economy. Iraq destroyed or damaged more than 80 percent of Kuwait's 950 operating oil wells, as well as sabotaged key surface facilities. Production is rapidly increasing, but it could take another year or two before production is restored to its pre-war levels of about 2.0 million barrels per day. EXPO R TS : 11.4 billion dollars (commodities - oil 90 percent). IM PORTS: 6.6 billion dollars (commodities - food, construction materials, vehicles and parts, clothing). INDUSTRIES: Petroleum, petrochemicals, desalination, food processing, building materials, salt, construction. AGRICULTURE: Virtually none; dependent on imports for food about 75 percent of potable water must be distilled or imported. CURRENCY: Kuwaiti Dinar.

Yerabloor soldiers’ cem etery M YEREVAN, ARMENIA FEBRUARY 9,1994 BY LOUISE MANOOGIAN SIMONE W hen darkness envelops the small room where makeshift kerosene or can barely stand it anymore.\" It was even $200 a month; that is if you want to have city at 6 pm, it feels like the wood burning stoves are temporarily sadder to hear her add that close friend­ three simple meals a day, some heat, hot end of the world is coming. installed. ships have been adversely affected since water or light or put gas in your car or Even in the 18th century, many can barely afford to serve a cup of buy clothes for your growing children. urban populations had the Visitors like myself are among the tea to guests and are too embarrassed to luxury of flickering gas lamps as people lucky ones. The Hrazdan Hotel had twen­ continually accept an invitation from her. With only 15% of its population conducted their business or enjoyed the ty-four hours of electricity enabling receiving central heating or electricity, pleasures of an evening. But for most of guests to install heaters. But somehow The diminishing salaries are adding this year Yerevan is taking the brunt of the one and a half million residents of even with this obvious luxury, the vary­ unbearable hardships. The new \"dram\" is the shortages. In other parts of the coun­ Yerevan there is no such luxury in the ing temperatures in offices and homes left now the only legal currency in Armenia. try, the recent Armenia Fund \"Winter winter of 1994. one constantly chilled. Wearing three Salary adjustments from rubles to drams '94\" worldwide collection of $7,000,000, sweaters, a jacket, a coat, three pairs of were made in late November when four­ magnanimously double-matched for a Looking at hundreds of ten and fif­ socks and warm boots for 10 days in teen drams equaled one dollar. In early total of $21,000,000 by the Lincy founda­ teen story apartment buildings as one dri­ Armenia, I returned to a sunny, green 45° February, the exchange rate increased to tion, a founding member of the United ves the icy, snow-covered pitch-black Paris. It took me twelve hours to adjust one hundred twenty-seven drams to the Armenian Fund, has provided to date streets of the city, only now and then can until I felt comfortable enough to begin to dollar. Five years ago, a close friend was over 50,000 tons of fuel oil and diesel for one see a dim candlelit room or two. Heat remove the layers of clothing. making the equivalent of $35 a month. all hospitals and 60% of the residential and light is dependent on one's ingenuity Before the new currency was introduced buildings in twenty other cities and and financial resources. For those few Psychologically and physically, the his salary had already dropped to $7 a regional areas. The financial assistance who have the means, only generators, cold, dreary days and the dark, dark month because of the falling ruble. Now has made a significant difference, special­ rechargeable batteries, flashlights, nights are taking their toll. Many, of with inflation and the new dram rate, his ly in the earthquake zone where so many kerosene lamps and heaters bring relief course, have fled for better climes. In the salary, higher than the average, is equiva­ still suffer the ravages of 1988. from the freezing temperatures and end­ m ajority, only two kinds of citizens lent to $3.50. There are many pensioners remain: those who have no resources to who with today's exchange rate receive This is the price of war. A war with less nights. leave and those who are dedicated to the 65c a month. How they live is beyond no end yet in sight. Fifty percent of Arme­ Schools are closed, transport is future of their nation. imagination. The government continually nia's economy is spent on assistance to raises salaries but they are too far behind Karabakh. The human losses and injuries almost non-existent except for the Metro An Am erican friend working in to ever catch up. A conservative estimate in the past six weeks almost equal that of and private jitneys, cultural institutions Yerevan said she spent every night trying of monthly expenses to provide the bare the entire last five years. The hospitals in are shut down, only a handful of bars and to pass the time by reading with a flash­ minimum for a family comes to at least Yerevan are filled with casualties. Yer­ restaurants are in operation and most light. \"1 never thought I'd reach a point abloor cemetery, high on a hill on the out- offices have been compacted into one where I couldn't enjoy a good book, but I

5—!---!--- :----- - ■ AGBU skirts of Yerevan, is running out of UNOFFICIAL FOREIGN earthquake zone housing, factory apartment building to homeless earth­ burial plots for soldiers killed in CURRENCY EXCHANGE: upgrades and technical assistance was a quake victims. action. On any given Saturday or The crowd moves from great boon. The International Monetary Sunday, hundreds and hundreds street to street whenev­ Fund's financial assistance is still on hold For all foreign organizations work­ of families climb the hill to Yer- er police appear to dis­ because of the war. The United States ing in Armenia, the declining conditions, abloor to mourn their dead. perse them . Millions of government has delivered 1,600 tons of however, have truly tested everyone's dollars a year are kerosene with another 16,000 still to come abilities, stamina and budgets. It is no The war has escalated in turned over, (above) and a considerable supply of heaters. longer enough to concentrate just on pro­ recent months with Azerbaijan Wheat and seed are also soon to be deliv­ gramming but even more crucial for the succeeding in internationalizing AMERICAN UNIVERSITY ered. The European Community has future to renovate the buildings neglected the conflict. Azerbaijan President OF ARMENIA (AUA): delivered 20,000 tons out of the pledged for years which house the programs, Geidar Aliyev is aggressively seek­ Open throughout the 100,000 tons of fuel oil. Four hundred and equip offices and institutions with gener­ ing money and arms from around w inter and heated with ninety scientists in Armenia have ators plus store the fuel to operate them, the world. It is doubtful that any generators, students received $500 each from the Soros Foun­ furnish cars and vans to bring employees cease-fire agreement can soon be take advantage of the dation in the United States, the fourth to work and substantially increase reached even though Armenia has com prehensive library largest group to be granted after Russia, salaries of local staff who are becoming agreed to several recent proposals including a U.S. AID Ukraine and Belarus. The Armenia Fund, more demoralized each day. submitted by the CSCE (Confer­ section that supplies U.S.A. delivered their first completed ence on Security and Cooperation current U.S. m agazines Certainly in the case of AGBU pro­ in Europe) and the Russian initia­ and newspapers, (right) jects most of 1993 has been spent ensur- tive. Bombardment in the border regions of Armenia and in continually trying to dis­ Karabakh is again a daily occur­ perse the crowds. Food, rence. Over 2,000 Afghan muja­ household equipment, build­ hedin, 500 Turks and 1,000 Ukrain­ ing supplies, and clothes from Iran are ian and Russian mercenaries are easily found in the stores and kiosks. The being paid by the Azeris to fight cargo planes from Russia and the United on the front lines. Arab Emirates come in weekly laden with goods too expensive for the average per­ For all the heavy artillery, son but available nevertheless. Even tanks, planes and missiles, much Turkish goods brought in by private of the fighting is still primitive. traders are frequently seen. Watching videos of the past week's fighting, it was sad to see One only needs to travel on the how a handful of Karabakh sol­ Moscow/Yerevan flight to see how many diers were securing a hill. They were Armenians are returning home with Sony crouched behind a mound, in below televisions and video recorders, comput­ freezing temperatures, inadequately ers, printers and a variety of costly pur­ clothed, shooting with rifles at the unseen chases to know that along with a rapidly enemy hidden in a wooded, fog increasing impoverished population, the enshrouded area about two hundred feet elite class is also expanding. ahead. Placed very carefully on the mound were a few hand grenades, obvi­ The February decision of the World ously there to be quickly used if captured Bank to give $28,000,000 to Armenia for by the enemy. They say the shooting usually stops for about ten minutes each hour as both sides remove their dead and injured and reload their guns. The video showed dozens of bodies littering another nearby field. The Azeris had fled, leaving their dead to be buried by the Armenians. The recent parliamentary elections and ministerial changes in Russia bring with them new complications. Iran has stepped back from any meaningful rela­ tions with Armenia, worried about unrest from their own multi-million Azeri popu­ lation. Georgia, still in a state of civil war and with an unstable government, is playing all sides. The gas pipeline run­ ning through Georgia to Armenia has been blown up twelve times by local Azeris in 1993. Deliveries to Armenia from the ports of Batumi and Poti are close to impossible, each trainload taking months to arrive and usually with 30% to 50% of the goods stolen. And, of course, the power plays by Russia, Turkey and Iran for regional control impact on every­ thing. Still Armenia survives. It is estimat­ ed that $20,000,000 a year changes private hands. The foreign currency exchange on the streets of Yerevan is always bustling. No matter how often the government tries to establish official exchange offices, the street market continues to flourish on a different block each day with the police

12 AGBU ing that the winter would not bring a halt two toilets since at to the classes at the American University least a dozen large of Armenia, the medical services at the boxes were piled Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Cen­ high in front of the ter, the weekly concerts of the Armenia doors. Philharmonic, the free meals at the Soup At 9:30 pm Kitchens or the many activities for 8000 the doors sudden­ students at the Children's Centers. ly reopened to let It was encouraging to see the AUA in at least five Library filled with students in the dead of additional passen­ winter studying for the March 1st semes­ gers with, of ter opening and the new students in course, all their intensive English and computer science belongings. At 10 courses as they begin their M aster's pm again the Degree programs in Engineering, Busi­ doors opened to ness Management and, beginning this let in another six year, International Relations. From last passengers, this year's first graduating class 23% of the time one of whom students are now employed in the Min­ was a wounded istry of Economics, the Prime Minister's Karabakh veteran office and in the Parliament. Most of the on crutches, gener­ others are either continuing their gradu­ ating great com ­ ate studies or working in private busi­ passion of course, nesses or for foreign organizations in who brought on Armenia. Last May, during a cold spell, board two car we were huddled in coats and blankets in doors and a hood order to hear a concert at the Philhar­ which he firmly monic. This year, after installing genera­ set down in the tors throughout the building, standing already crowded “H A YA STA N ” room only audiences of eleven hundred aisle. All through ALL ARMENIA FUND MEETING IN YEREVAN: people enjoy weekly performances by the this, each time the Present to discuss “W in ter ’9 4 ” fuel drive two hundred member Philharmonic and door reopened the w ere President Levon Ter Petrossian, Prime Youth orchestras. These achievements are stewardess would M inister Hrant Bagrat- ian, Chairman of the due to the generosity of many U.S. say, \"Im possible! Parliam ent Babken Ararktsian, Ambassador donors and to the determination of staff, j There are no seats to the U.S. Rouben Shugarian, Ambassador directors, supervisors and volunteers left.\" And each to the U.N. Alexander Arzoumanian, M inister who have really struggled to promote time, some passen­ of Economy Armen Yeghiazarian, Director these projects in the most difficult of \\ ger would cry out of the Fund Manoushag times, and, of course, to the people of •\"He's Armenian. Armenia who trudge countless miles on How can you foot to take advantage of all that is being refuse an Armen­ offered. ian who's willing No article on Armenia would be to go back to complete without some humor because Armenia.\" even in these worst of times the Armen­ Claustropho­ ian people continue to enjoy a funny bia was beginning P etrossian. From story. By the second day of my arrival to set in. It was abroad: Louise Sim one, everyone I knew came up to me to say, now 10:30 pm, H irair H ovnanian, H arut with a smile, \"Heard you had a rough snow was falling, Sassounian and Vahe time getting here.\" certainly no one Jazm adarian. (above) Traveling with Hirair Hovnanian, was de-icing the NOYAN TAPAN: Chairman of the Armenian Assembly wings of this plane, A re c e n tly estab lish ed and Harut Sassounian, Director of the the pilots had been w ire service in Y erevan dissem inating th e daily there were no other foreigners on this flight. Suddenly a tall blond gentleman United Armenian Fund, to attend a waiting for nine new s in English around the w orld, (right) stood up a few rowrs back. \"Who are you?\" we asked. \"Oh, I'm from the U.S. \"Hayastan All Armenian Fund\" meeting, hours, Armenia Federal Aviation Agency going to Arme­ nia to consult on their air transportation.\" I was convinced by H irair that the was still fogged in, How did he like the flight, we meekly asked. \"Well, other than the fact that at Moscow/Yerevan 1 pm flight would be ten people were least 2000 FAA regulations were broken, it was okay.\" quicker than the Paris/Yerevan route standing because no seats were left and and said, \"It's fine - no problems.\" Mean­ But there's a moral to this story. since there would be only a 3 hour wait tons of baggage were piled everywhere. I while I remembered that when Harut had With an old plane, almost too heavy with cargo and extra passengers to lift up, less between flights. decided this was not the way I wanted to called home the night before relating the than acceptable weather conditions, a snow-covered landing strip that hasn't Upon arrival in Moscow we were die. evening's events to his wife, Irene, she been repaired in thirty years and signal lighting at the airport that would hardly informed by an Armenian Embassy offi­ The three of us got off, struggling had commented, \"Won't all those same ever pass even the minimum internation­ al regulations, Armenian pilots land so cial that the Yerevan flight was slightly with our seven suitcases, found two cars people and boxes and suitcases be back smoothly you can hardly believe you've touched down. Can you just imagine how delayed because of the weather in Arme­ and went to a hotel for the night. The again tomorrow?\" quickly the country and its people could progress if they had the opportunity, nia (Yerevan was fogged in). To pass a plane never did take off and we later To make a long story shorter we even the slightest opportunity, to live and work under normal conditions. □ few hours we all went to lunch. Finally at earned that for most of the passengers finally took off at 7:30 pm with all the 4:30 pm we were told the flight would this would be their second night sleeping boxes and suitcases (the two car doors leave at 6 pm. at the airport. and hood were nowhere to be seen), the Piling our seven pieces of luggage The next day when the Embassy restrooms again out of use and twenty- on four seats (not unusual on these official returned to take us for the two people standing, just like on a sub­ flights) we seated ourselves on the rather rescheduled 3 pm departure, I asked him way, for the three hour flight. Halfway on full 120 seat Armenia Air plane at 6:30 to first take a look at the conditions on the route, the stewardess said, \"I have good pm. The doors finally shut at 8:30 pm. plane. (The previous night's experience news. We're going to be able to land in (Yerevan was still fogged in). About 9 pm was the worst in my sixty plus flights to Yerevan.\" And where else could we have I decided to try the restroom. Heading and from Armenia over the past twelve been going? down an aisle laden with boxes and suit­ years). If it was the same I was going As we were ready to disembark the cases I found there was no entry to the home. He bounced back down the ramp three of us commented how lucky it was

News Watch Armenian Information Service SPECIAL ISSUE FEBRUARY 18,1994 ARMENIA SHOOTS DOWN AZERI war-torn region. [United Press International (UPI) WARPLANE, MERCENARY PILOT 2/14/94; Tass 2/15/94] □ CAPTURED GAS PIPELIN E BLOWN UP TER-PETROSSIAN IN GEORGIA Armenia said today it shot down an Azeri military Armenia's gas supply was cut off again on Feb­ FOR TALKS ........................................13 plane that strayed into its airspace on a bombing mission ruary 10. The act of sabotage on the Georgia pipeline and captured the pilot. Azerbaijan was unable to con­ occurred near the Khrami river in the Marneuli GAS PIPELINE BLOWN U P ............13 firm that a plane had been shot down, but denied any of region. A team of Armenian gas workers have been its aircraft had crossed the Armenian border and said sent to restore the affected pipeline section. On the TER-PETROSSIAN WANTS UK AID, any incident must have taken place over occupied Azeri evening before the incident, the Georgian company DIPLOMATIC H E L P ........................ 14 territory. Armenian Defense Ministry spokesman Gagik Gruzgasprom stopped gas delivery to Armenia due to Martoyan said the Sukhoi SU-24 ground-attack plane the reduction of gas supplies from Turkmenistan. EBRD TO SUPPORT ARMENIA.... 14 was one of two which crossed the Armenian border in According to Armenia, Georgia enjoyed a daily deliv­ the eastern region of Vardenis. Anti-aircraft units ery of 9-10 million cubic meters of gas, and yet Arme­ • DRAM CONTINUES TO DRO P..... 14 opened fire as the aircraft approached the town of Var­ nia had only received a daily supply of 0.8-1.2 million denis, apparently intending to attack, he said. The sec­ cubic meters over the past two months. The supply • KEROSENE ARRIVES IN ond intruder, a SU-25 reconnaissance plane, turned back hardly covered the minimum needs of Armenia, ARMENIA............................................ 14 to Azerbaijan, Martoyan added. including the provision of electricity to hospitals, bak­ eries, transport, communications and governmental • BRITAIN WANTS TO HELP END The pilot, captured and taken to Yerevan, was a bodies. Armenian residents have had practically no KARABAKH W A R .............................15 mercenary from Kyrgyzstan, according to the electricity since noon on February 10, and the metro spokesman. A second crew member also baled out, land­ was stopped that afternoon. Armenia has no central • KARABAKH FOREIGN MINISTRY ing in the northern part of Nagorno-Karabakh. An Azeri heating or hot water supply. Despite the crisis situa­ CONDEMNS AZERI Defense Ministry spokesman in Baku said that the inci­ tion, 60 Armenian enterprises are working, and trolley TREATMENT OF PRISONERS.......15 dent was still being investigated. He added, \"Even if it buses and street cars are functioning in Yerevan. happened, then it could only happen over [the] northern Buses are idle due to the absence of fuel. [Tass • EP CALLS FOR SOLUTION TO Kelbadjar region.\" He said there was no possibility of an 2/11/94] □ KARABAKH CONFLICT................. 15 Azeri plane entering Armenian airspace. Martoyan said the captured pilot was Marat Ishkinovich, a Tatar. He ARMENIA ASKS GEORGIA TO • UK SAYS CLAIMS OF BRITISH was hired in the Central Asian republic of Kyrgyzstan ARMS AND MERCENARIES TO for $1,000 per month plus $300 per sortie to fly in the SAFEGUARD PIPELINE AND AZERBAIJAN MAY BE TRU E........16 Azeri Air Force, Martoyan said. [Reuter 2/18/94] □ MOVEMENT OF CARGO • AZERBAIJAN WANTS UN TO TER-PETROSSIAN IN GEORGIA FOR CONDEMN ARMENIA..................... 16 \"The Armenian government hopes the Georgian TALKS ON FOOD SUPPLIES government will be more serious about Georgian- • TURKISH PAPER SAYS ALIYEV Armenian relations,\" said a statement of the Armen­ ASKED TURKEY FOR ARMS ........16 Armenian President Levon Ter-Petrossian held ian government in connection with another explosion talks with Georgian leader Edward Shevardnadze in on the Georgian pipeline supplying gas to Armenia. • RUSSIAN TROOPS WELL NOT BE Tbilisi on February 14 on unblocking supplies of grain The explosions continue despite Georgia's assertions ALLOWED INTO AZERBAIJAN .. 17 and fuel bound for Armenia which are stranded in Batu­ that it would act to prevent them, the statement says. mi and Poti. Armenia reportedly has only one day's Last year the pipeline was blown up seven times. In • AZERBAIJAN TO SIGN OIL DEAL worth of grain supplies left. Georgian Deputy Prime the opinion of the Armenian government, it testifies to WITH BP TO WARD OFF RUSSIA .17 Minister Zurab Kervalishvili said that Armenia has the existence of \"certain Georgian forces that are striv­ agreed to pay transit taxes on goods coming into the ing to settle their own economic difficulties at the republic across Georgian territory. Georgian Prime Min­ expense of their neighbors.\" At the same time, cargo ister Otar Patatsia said Georgia would deliver the first sent to Armenia is not allowed to cross Georgia 1,000 tons of grain on February 15, and will continue despite the unprecedented increase of railroad tariffs. shipments at a rate of 300 tons a month. He also instruct­ The Armenian government stated that it hoped the ed the Georgian transport police to investigate supplies Georgian Cabinet of Ministers will stop these actions of grain and fuel which were stolen on their way from and protect the vital needs of the two neighboring Georgia to Armenia. Supplies destined for Armenia have republics. [Associated Press (AP) 2 /1 2 /9 4 ; Tass been held up for months because of fighting in western 2/12/94] □ Georgia. Russian TV news reported Georgia would only guarantee regular gas deliveries to Armenia if Yerevan GEORGIAN TROOPS BEGIN agreed to help pay off Tbilisi's multi-billion ruble bill for gas supplied from Turkmenistan. GUARDING PIPELINE The two men also said they would be calling for a Troops of the Georgian Interior Ministry have Transcaucasian summit bringing together the leaders of begun guarding the gas pipeline which supplies gas Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan, as well as Russian to Armenia, Snark agency reported on February 16, President Boris Yeltsin, to try and bring peace to the AGBU-AIS, 31 West 52nd Street, New York, NY 10019-6118 U .S .A . • Tel (212) 765-8260 • Fax (212) 765-8208

citing the commander of the Georgian interior troops, government's socio-economic program. On February 8, erable number of Armenian residents are temporarily Vladimir Chikovani. The troops will also ensure the Muhammed Shadman, the head of the visiting IMF dele­ living outside the republic due to the absence of cen­ safety of repair workers at the section of the pipeline in gation, said that the Armenian government's budget, tral heating, light, hot and cold water, as well as the Georgia's Marneuli region. According to Chikovani, financial and credit policy, which is directed at reducing inflation, the absence of social guarantees, the block­ the agreement to guard the pipeline was reached dur­ the budget deficit, inspires optimism, and that the IMF ade and its effect on the economy. Their departure ing the Armenian President's recent visit to Georgia. will assist it. In meetings with Armenian Prime Minister was not officially registered. This large-scale depar­ [BBC:World Broadcasts 2/18/94] □ Hrant Bagratian, the delegation members said that they ture has provoked concern among public and political believed that the responsibility for credit and monetary forces in the republic. According to information pub­ TER-PETROSSIAN WANTS UK AID, policy and for rate establishment should be put in the lished by the Dashnak opposition party, some 700,000 hands of Armenia's Central Bank, which should also Armenian residents, about 20% of the population, DIPLOMATIC HELP control the whole banking system. Proposals concerning have left the republic. They have resettled in Russia, measures to reduce the budget deficit were presented as Western Europe and the U.S. The party said that sim­ Armenian President Levon Ter-Petrossian said well. They also discussed the details of the tax and cus­ plified means for gaining Russian citizenship had pro­ during his visit to Great Britain that he was seeking toms policy, reducing inflation, and other measures to moted mass migration from the republic, and if the British diplomatic support for his country in the improve the economic situation. [Noyan Tapan process was not stopped, Armenia would soon be Nagorno-Karabakh conflict and looking for aid in 2/9,11/94] □ without Armenians. [Tass 2 /1 2 /9 4 ; BBC:World reopening its mothballed nuclear power plant. On Feb­ Broadcasts 2/12/94] □ ruary 9, Ter-Petrossian said he had pressed British ARMENIA AND RUSSIA SIGN Prime Minister John Major to support international DRAM CONTINUES TO DROP efforts, currently stalled, to end the fighting in TRADE AGREEMENT Karabakh through the Conference on Security and On February 14, Promstroybank was buying and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE). Britain is perceived by Russian Prime Minister Viktor Chernomyrdin and selling $1 for 146 drams and 150 drams respectively. It Armenia to have sided with A zerbaijan in the his Armenian counterpart Hrant Bagratian met in was buying 1,000 Russian rubles for 84 drams and Karabakh conflict. Ter-Petrossian did not divulge Moscow on February 16. They discussed the develop­ selling them for 88 drams. Armeconombank was buy­ Major's response to his request for help but said ment of relations between the two countries in the ing and selling $1 for 145 drams and 153 drams Britain's role was important because Major would be sphere of economics and energy. The Prime Ministers respectively. It was buying 1,000 rubles for 88 drams visiting Moscow this month. Ter-Petrossian said Arme­ signed an agreement on Russo-Armenian trade and eco­ and selling them for 90 drams. The Armenian Central nia believed the conflict could only be solved by com­ nomic cooperation for the current year. Under the agree­ Bank on February 15 established the official exchange promise but \"neither side today is ready for this com­ ment, Russia will provide Armenia with $141.3 million rate at $1 to 136 drams, and 1 ruble to 0.8 drams. promise.\" worth of goods in 1994. Energy supplies will remain at [Noyan Tapan 2/15/94] □ about the same levels provided in 1993. Chernomyrdin He said Western fears of a newly assertive Russ­ stressed the need to boost trade between the two coun­ KEROSENE ARRIVES IN ARMENIA ian foreign policy, sparked by the electoral success of tries. He said Russia understands the difficulties facing extremist Vladimir Zhirinovsky, were exaggerated. Armenia, but the question of Russian credits to Armenia U.S. Ambassador to Armenia Harry Gilmore \"Russia has recognized the independence of the Tran­ was not discussed at the talks because \"Russia’s budget announced on February 8 that the first shipment of scaucasian states and other former republics. But it is has not been approved yet.\" He added that, \"in any 1,600 tons of kerosene purchased by the Japanese gov­ also maintaining its military presence,\" he said. How­ event only limited credits will be issued and only in ernment and delivered by the U.S. arrived in Yerevan ever, Armenian Foreign Minister Vahan Papazian said extreme situations.\" [Tass 2/16/94] □ on February 2, the second shipment arrived on Febru­ Russia still did not have a clear policy towards the ary 3 and the third on February 7. Another 16,000 tons Transcaucasus. \"Their domestic contradictions have RUSSIA, ARMENIA MAY SOON REACH of kerosene purchased by the U.S. in Russia and Hol­ not allowed them to formulate a real foreign policy,\" land are currently in Batumi and will be delivered he said. NUCLEAR PLANT DEAL shortly. The final shipment of kerosene purchased under the assistance program is in Haifa, Israel and Ter-Petrossian said he was hoping for British aid Russia and Armenia may soon reach an agreement will be sent to Batumi. Gilmore stated that 66,000 in restarting the country's nuclear power station at an on reopening Armenia's only nuclear power plant. On kerosene heaters and 90,000 canisters of kerosene have estimated cost of between $80 and $100 million. \"We February 17, Russian First Deputy Prime Minister Oleg already been distributed in Yerevan and Gyumri. are ... asking Great Britain to support aid to Armenia Soskovets and Armenian Prime Minister Hrant Bagrat­ With these heaters, 202 schools in Yerevan were able by international institutions and for financial and tech­ ian discussed prospects for signing the agreement next to open on February 1. Armenia's Deputy Minister of nical assistance in reopening Armenia's nuclear power week, with a view to starting up the plant towards the Economics said that 1,200 tons of kerosene out of the plant.\" He said he was satisfied by Britain's statement end of this year. The power plant, which was shut down 2,000 tons already distributed were taken from the that it knew nothing about reports in the British press after a major earthquake shook Armenia late in 1988, reserves of the Armenian government. [Noyan Tapan of attempts to recruit mercenaries to fight on the Azeri may resume operations this year if Russia supplies the 2/9/94] □ side in the Karabakh conflict. [Reuter 2/10/94] □ necessary equipment and personnel. Armenia pledged to bear all expenses and Soskovets advised that the FUEL FROM IRAN ALLOWED TO EBRD TO SUPPORT ARMENIA Armenian Diaspora abroad could render financial assis­ tance as well. It is expected that the Russian personnel at CROSS BORDER On February 10, President Levon Ter-Petrossian the plant will number 560 experts and the plant will pro­ met with European Bank for Reconstruction and duce 800 megawatts of electricity. The restart of the According to a recent decree signed by the Development (EBRD) President Jacques Delarosse to nuclear power plant is opposed by Germany and Armenian government, vehicles transferring mazut discuss giving financial support to Armenia. They Turkey, according to Bagratian. [Tass 2/17/94; Reuter (heating oil) and diesel fuel will be allowed to pass specifically discussed the restoration of the Armenian 2/17/94] □ through the Karchevan customs office in the Meghri nuclear power plant and the creation of privatization district without visas if the drivers have a contract funds in the republic. ARMENIAN POPULATION with the Armenian government or with the Hayastan Fund. This decree will be in effect until a legal act on A group of specialists is being formed to visit STATISTICS crossing the border is signed between the Armenian Armenia soon to investigate conditions at the nuclear and Iranian governments. [Respublica Armenia power plant, and to prepare practical measures for The Armenian population numbered 3,742,000 as of 2/17/94 (Aragil News)] □ activating the second section of the plant. In addition, January 1,1994, says a preliminary report of the Armen­ an agreement was reached on financing the reconstruc­ ian statistics department. The Armenian population MANUCHARIAN ALLEGES tion of the cargo transportation section of the Yerevan increased by 19,700 people in 1993. Some 58,400 babies international airport. [Lragir 2/12/94 (Aragil News)] □ were born and 26,400 people died. A total of 21,500 mar­ GOVERNMENT CORRUPTION riages and 3,000 divorces were registered. The actual IMF DELEGATION IN ARMENIA number of the Armenian population is larger. A consid­ Golos Armenii reported further details of former An International Monetary Fund (IMF) delegation visited Yerevan for 8 days to investigate the Armenian FEBRUARY 18,19 9 4 AIS NEWS WATCH PAGE 14

National Security Advisor Ashot Manucharian's alle­ out mutual charges, and the fact that the President must forces should be withdrawn from occupied territory gations of misconduct by Interior Minister Vano Sir- have been aware of the illegal activities happening in his and mercenaries fighting on both sides should be sent adeghian. Manucharian has alleged that the directors administration. [Noyan Tapan 2/10/94] □ home, with monitoring to ensure implementation. He of profitable enterprises, such as the cognac and jewel­ said the final status of Nagorno-Karabakh would be ry factories, are being appointed by Siradeghian. He PARLIAMENT DISCUSSES the subject of later talks between the Armenian and further accused the Interior Minister of not only orga­ CORRUPTION ISSUES Azerbaijani Presidents and representatives of the nizing the attempted murder of Moscow businessman Karabakh local authorities. [United Press International Serge Jilavian, but of suppressing opposition parties. On February 14, Armenia's Parliament discussed (UPI) 2/18/94] □ Manucharian alleged that Siradeghian has established creating a temporary parliamentary commission on the complete control over Armenia's economy. He stated abuse of power by Armenian senior officials. The repre­ BRITAIN WANTS TO HELP END that police officials have been spending their summer sentative of the National Democratic Union, Shavarsh holidays in the United Arab Emirates and that there Kocharian, who introduced the proposal, said that the KARABAKH WAR are more than 10 KGB agents involved in the current allegations made by the President's former National government. [Golos Armenii 2/10/94 (Aragil News)] □ Security Advisor Ashot Manucharian and Interior Minis­ On February 9, Prime Minister John Major dis­ ter Vano Siradeghian during their recent press confer­ cussed the need to find a peaceful solution to the con­ ATTEMPT TO STEAL AWAY ences will be investigated. He also suggested that anoth­ flict with President Levon Ter-Petrossian during his er Parliamentary Commission be created to investigate visit to Great Britain. \"The visit underlined Britain's CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION ON the circumstances of the dissolution of the National willingness to play our part in bringing to an end the Security Department, but the proposal was denied. tragic conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh and our support PRESIDENT UNSUCCESSFUL [Noyan Tapan 2/14/94] □ for a negotiated settlement/' a British spokesman said. Armenia favors a two-stage solution - a cessation of On February 15, a woman carrying computers OPPOSITION PRESS CRITICIZES hostilities followed by negotiations on the future sta­ disks in her handbag with information about the Pres­ INTRODUCTION OF PAYMENT FOR tus of Karabakh. Ter-Petrossian called on the interna­ ident's secret meetings was arrested at the Yerevan tional community to meld the Russian and CSCE pro­ airport. The publication and export of this confidential PARTY BROADCASTS posed peace plans into a single plan and to \"use information is prohibited. The woman's husband, pressure on Azerbaijan\" to accept it. Ter-Petrossian Vahan Avakian, who she was meeting in Moscow, The decision of Armenian State Television and added that Karabakh must be given international was a deputy to the former presidential advisor on Radio to charge political parties for airtime has been security guarantees if there is to be peace in the region National Security Ashot Manucharian. Manucharian severely criticized by the opposition press. The Yerevan- because it cannot rely on Azerbaijan for its security. is also currently in Moscow. [Azg 2 /1 7 /9 4 (Aragil based Golos Armenii newspaper described this step The UN has refused to participate in the peace process News)] □ taken by the authorities as an infringement on democrat­ while the CSCE tries to bring all parties together, but ic freedoms. From now on, one minute of airtime on tele­ Ter-Petrossian said he believes the CSCE and other OPPOSITION PLANS TO FORM vision will cost the equivalent of $7, and on radio, $2. mediators will fail and the UN will have to become Officially registered public political organizations will involved. [AP 2/9/94] □ TEMPORARY GOVERNMENT OF still have the right to go on the air for a quarter of an hour every month, according to the head of the Armen­ EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT CALLS NATIONAL CONSENT ian Television and Radio, Tigran Akopyan. He pointed out that the practice of party political broadcasts outside FOR PEACEFUL SOLUTION TO Several Armenian opposition parties have issued the period of election campaigns did not exist in some their support for the call by the Dashnaktsutiun (ARF) countries. [BBC:World Broadcasts 2/17/94] □ KARABAKH CONFLICT party to create a temporary government of national consent. On February 9, ARF Central Committee rep­ NAGORNO-KARABAKH . Concerned that the war between Armenia and resentative Rouben Hakopian stated that soon a num­ Azerbaijan may escalate, the European Parliament on ber of public organizations would support the cre­ AZERI, ARMENIAN, RUSSIAN February 10 adopted a resolution calling on all parties ation of a temporary government. According to DEFENSE MINISTERS DISCUSS to comply with the decisions of the UN and for the Hakopian, his party's plan is to initiate a political KARABAKH WAR IN MOSCOW European Union (EU) to exert pressure to promote a process aimed at adopting a new constitution, the peaceful solution. The resolution called on Armenia, absence of which has caused the current economic and The Azerbaijani and Armenian Defense ministers Azerbaijan, and, in particular, Turkey to allow the free political crisis. However, he added that if the Presi­ met today in Moscow with their Russian counterpart passage of goods to neighboring countries. Further, dent takes steps towards the adoption of any version Pavel Grachev in the latest effort to bring an end to the the resolution made specific reference to the resump­ of the constitution, even the draft that had been previ­ Karabakh conflict. Grachev said the two republics had tion of A zerbaijan's bombing of civilians in ously rejected by the opposition, the opposition would been unable to resolve the conflict on their own, and that Stepanakert by the Azeri air force. There was also a disband the temporary government. He added that Russia was prepared to act as a mediator. In opening call on the EU to support the political and economic after the creation of the temporary government, elec­ remarks at the talks, Grachev told Azerbaijani Defense reform process in Armenia via the Technical Assis­ tions to the constitutional assembly would occur, fol­ Minister Mamedrafa Mamedov, Armenian Defense Min­ tance to the Commonwealth of Independent States lowed by the adoption of the new constitution, and ister Serge Sarkissian and a representative of Nagorno- (TACIS) program. Efforts to support economic recov­ later parliamentary and possibly presidential elec­ Karabakh, Bako Saakyan, that Moscow considers the ery in Azerbaijan were also urged. [Reuter 2/11/94; tions, after which the temporary government would war to be the main destabilizing factor in the Caucasus Armenian National Committee 2/15/94] □ complete its activity. Hakopian added that the cre­ region. Grachev said neither side should expect a mili­ ation of the temporary government would be realized tary solution to the conflict. \"The conflict cannot be KARABAKH FOREIGN MINISTRY through parliamentary means. Otherwise, the opposi­ resolved by force, therefore Russia prefers a resolution tion will appeal to the people, who will put pressure using exclusively peaceful, political means,\" said CONDEMNS AZERI TREATMENT OF on the parliament. Grachev. But Grachev warned that if the meeting fails to produce an accord, Russia would refuse to continue its PRISONERS In the same press conference, Hakopian criticized participation in the mediation process. Grachev said he the Armenian National Movement's claim that the proposed several initial steps to bring about a lasting On February 11, the Karabakh Ministry of For­ opposition's struggle for power may lead to a civil cease-fire. He said the two sides should be separate, eign Affairs issued a statement saying that the Azer­ war. In his opinion, recent events in Georgia and baijani government, in order to achieve its goals to Azerbaijan are indicative of the fact that the threat of solve the Karabakh conflict through force, \"has civil war occurs only as result of a struggle inside the availed itself of all possible means including those ruling clique. He referred to the conflict between for­ which contradict international law.\" The statement mer National Security Advisor Ashot Manucharian continues, \"Since the beginning of the conflict in the and Interior Minister Vano Siradeghian as similar, region, the Baku authorities, utilizing various excuses, saying it could lead to \"political collision.\" He added have obstructed the attempts of the International that the Siradeghian-Manucharian issue doesn't rule Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) to visit Armenian FEB R U AR Y 1 8 , if;;:'v\"! AIS NEWS WATCH PAGE 15

prisoners of war detained under inhumane conditions from the Mardakert region, while the remainder are TRANSCAUCASIAN SUMMIT WITH in Azerbaijani prisons and camps. Under international from the Askeran, Hadrut and Shahumian regions. The law it is the obligation of all countries which detain figure also includes Armenians who arrived from Baku, RUSSIA IS SHAPING UP such prisoners to permit visits by the ICRC. Azerbai­ Sumgait and other regions in Azerbaijan. The percentage jan's cynical dismissal of this obligation once again of refugees to the original population is twice more in Azerbaijan favors the idea of holding a Transcau­ testifies to its attitude towards the internationally Karabakh than in Azerbaijan. |Lragir 2 /1 2 /9 4 (Aragil casian summit of Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan accepted norms of the civilized world. News)] □ with the participation of Russia, Georgian Foreign Minister Alexander Chikvaidze said on February 15, Additionally, other outright violations of the RECONSTRUCTION WORK BEGINS summing up the results of his meeting with Azerbai­ norms of the Geneva Conventions have also become IN KARABAKH jani President Geidar Aliyev. \"Now it is necessary to evident. Specifically, Armenian prisoners brought in take definite steps to materialize the idea,\" he added. from the conflict zone have been displayed on Baku Although military operations along the fronts con­ On February 14, the idea of such a summit received television and before the representatives of foreign tinue and the peaceful settlements of Karabakh are still support of Georgian leader Edward Shevardnadze diplomatic missions in Azerbaijan. There is no doubt in danger of being bombed, reconstruction work is now and Armenian President Levon Ter-Petrossian. [Tass that the testimony obtained from these prisoners was being carried out in Stepanakert. According to Deputy 2/15/94] □ taken under duress and torture. While condemning Mayor of Stepanakert Pavel Nazarian, about 200 state the immoral activities of the authorities of Azerbaijan and 700 private buildings were damaged in Stepanakert AZERBAIJAN WANTS UN TO who stand in violation of basic human rights, the Min­ as a result of the shelling and bombing of the city. He istry ... expresses its astonishment with regard to the stated that 100 state and 20 private houses have already CONDEMN ARMENIA AS AGGRESSOR participation of foreign diplomats at the display of the been reconstructed. The reconstruction of another 78 pri­ political prisoners.\" The Ministry, in conclusion, vate residences is almost complete. [Azg 2/16/94 (Arag­ Azerbaijan’s Charge d’Affaires to the UN, Yashar appealed to the international community to prevent il News)] □ Aliyev, said on February 17 that the UN Security the persecution of prisoners by Baku authorities, and Council should condemn Armenia for aggression to take measures to admonish those who are responsi­ AZERBAIJAN against his country. He told a news conference docu­ ble. [Nagorno-Karabakh Ministry of Foreign Affairs ments taken from Armenian prisoners, together with Statement 2/11/94] □ UK FOREIGN MINISTER SAYS CLAIMS statements from some of the captives, proved Arme­ OF BRITISH ARMS AND MERCENAR­ nia was involved in fighting which resulted in the FIGHTING CONTINUES IN IES TO AZERBAIJAN MAY BE TRUE occupation of more than 20% of Azerbaijan’s territory. Rejecting Armenia's claim that it is not involved in the KARABAKH An allegation that British citizens and companies fighting, Aliyev said, \"The desperate attempts of the are trying to procure arms and mercenaries for the for­ Republic of Armenia to demonstrate its alleged non­ Fighting was reported in Karabakh February 9-15 mer Soviet republic of Azerbaijan may be true, Foreign participation in the aggression waged against Azer­ in the northern and southeastern regions of the front­ Office Minister of State Douglas Hogg said on February baijan and its non-involvem ent in events in the line, mainly Fizuli, Mardakert, Martuni, Hadrut, Kel- 14. The Government \"takes seriously\" the allegation Nagorno-Karabakh region of the Azerbaijani Republic badjar. According to Karabakh sources, Karabakh self- made in The Independent newspaper and investigations are fully belied by the documentary evidence .... How defense forces were successful in holding back all were continuing, Hogg said in a Commons written could 100,000 Armenians in Nagorno-Karabakh fight Azeri offensives. However, the Azerbaijani Defense reply. He added, \"Investigations to date suggest that against a republic of seven million?\" He added that Ministry reported that Azeri forces repulsed Armen­ there may be truth in the allegation that these attempts more than a million of his countrymen were refugees ian attacks in the Kelbadjar, Terter and Fizuli regions, have been made, but as yet we have no evidence that and victims of ethnic cleansing. \"The next step is clear: inflicting heavy losses in manpower and equipment. they have succeeded. If evidence of illegality is found, to condemn Armenia as an aggressor state,\" he said. Fighting was continuous in the Kelbadjar region, near the matter will be put in the hands of the customs or [Reuter 2/17/94] □ the Omar gorge, as Karabakh sources reported that police as appropriate.\" The British Government remains two strategically important hills were recaptured on committed to supporting the Conference on Security and ALIYEV CONCLUDES VISIT TO February 10, and by February 14, the entire region was Cooperation in Europe's (CSCE) voluntary arms embar­ completely controlled by Karabakh forces. go, he added. [Press Association Newsfile 2/14/94] □ TURKEY, DENIES HE ASKED According to Armenian sources, Karabakh air­ BARONESS COX RAISES QUESTION FOR ARMS space was violated in the Askeran and Mardakert OF BRITISH MILITARY AID TO region on February 8, and the Martuni region on Feb­ AZERBAIJAN AT PARLIAMENT \"Armenia should leave Azeri lands without any ruary 12. Azeri aircraft also attempted to approach conditions,\" Azerbaijani President Geidar Aliyev said Stepanakert seven times, but were unable to because The Vice Speaker of the British Parliament Baroness on February 11. Aliyev said that \"some states and of measures taken by Karabakh anti-aircraft units. Caroline Cox raised the question of British mercenaries groups\" render material and moral support to Arme­ fighting in the Azeri army during the February 10 ses­ nia. \"This makes the fight to liberate our territory Azeri military sources report that new military sion of the House of Lords in the British Parliament. The tougher,\" Aliyev stressed, but added, \"The fight is our equipment issued in 1993 is being captured from the Baroness asked the government whether the information own matter.\" Aliyev emphasized Azerbaijan did not Armenians. According to Azeri sources, this is evi­ regarding the supply of arms to Azerbaijan by British ask Turkey or any other country to render military dence that Karabakh forces are receiving weaponry trade organizations as published by The Independent assistance. The two sides agreed about \"supplies of and ammunition from Russia and other countries. was true. She stressed the importance of verifying the wheat and granting of credits, as well as capital facts since \"many Armenians believe that Britain is investments in the economy of Azerbaijan.\" The Azer­ Armenia's Defense Ministry reported on Febru­ favoring Azerbaijan by having, for example, an embassy baijani President noted that Azerbaijan would, how­ ary 12 that an estimated 8,000 Azeri soldiers have in Baku and not having one in Yerevan.\" The Baroness ever, like to \"take advantage of prestigious military been killed since Azerbaijan launched a major offen­ also expressed her concern for the losses caused by the academies in Turkey to train experienced officers for sive on December 18. The Ministry estimated the loss­ Karabakh conflict and the goals pursued by Azerbaijan the Azeri army.\" Among the 16 agreements signed es of Karabakh's forces at 400 dead. The report could to rid Karabakh of Armenians. [Yerkir, Haylour 2/16/94 during Aliyev's visit to Turkey was a treaty on friend­ not be independently verified. [AP 2 /1 3 /9 4 ; Tass (Aragil News)] □ ship and cooperation. The treaty contains a clause 2/9,12,14/94; Noyan Tapan 2 /9 ,1 5 /9 4 ; Azg 2/9- which states that in the event that either country 12,15/94 Lragir 2/9,10,12/94, Hayastani Hanrapetu- comes under attack by another country, the other will tyun 2/11/94, Armenpress 2/11/94 (Aragil News)] □ take necessary measures against the aggressor. 1 OF 5 IN KARABAKH A REFUGEE In a joint communique issued at the conclusion of Aliyev's visit, Turkey and Azerbaijan condemned the By February 10, the number of refugees tem­ Armenian attacks on Azerbaijan. The communique porarily living in Stepanakert, who left their homes stated, \"During the meetings it was determined that due to fighting related to the Karabakh conflict, more than 20% of Azerbaijani territory is occupied by reached 18,712. According to the Chairman of the Armenia; that more than one million Azeris are Karabakh department of Refugees Lenston Goulian, the majority of these refugees (more than 14,000) are FEBRUARY 18,19 9 4 AIS NEWS WATCH

refugees in their own land; and that the United War tactics when troops line up face-to-face across a no­ inviting Aliyev to address the Turkish parliament. But Nations is not implementing its Resolutions 822, 853, man's land abandoned by civilians. As many as 5,000 Turkey's best may not be enough, demoralized by its 874 and 884. Confirming once more that the Nagorno- Azeris - one-third of the total casualties since the war own clumsy leadership, its lack of cash and a shortage Karabakh region is an integral part of Azerbaijan, both began - have been killed since December 16 when the of Western support. countries call on Armenia to halt its attacks on Azer­ army first made the decision to counter Armenian offen­ baijan.\" Turkey and Azerbaijan stated that Armenia is sives instead of following the previous pattern of near- Aliyev has offered Russian companies a slice of held accountable internationally for violating the continuous retreat. The strategy now seems to involve the oil action to try to appease Moscow, though he peace and security in the region, and for forcefully enforcing a conscript plan and overwhelming the better- declined to say how much. But even if the deal is standing against the international norms. According equipped Armenians with sheer numbers. Azerbaijan signed, big difficulties remain in finding an export to the communique, President Suleyman Demirel has about twice the population of Armenia. pipeline route that avoids political problems associat­ accepted an invitation extended to him by Aliyev to ed with Russia or Iran or armed conflicts in eastern visit Azerbaijan. [BBC:World Broadcasts 2 /1 4 /9 4 ; Civilian hospitals are overrun with wounded, forc­ Turkey, in Georgia or with Armenia. [The Indepen­ Tass 2/11/94; Reuter 2/11/94 □ ing doctors to turn away all civilians except the most dent 2/12/94] □ critically ill. There are shortages in medicine, antibiotics TURKISH PAPER SAYS ALIYEV and equipment, a chronic problem in a poor country AZERBAIJAN PLAYS OIL CARD TO even when there's no war. But rampant corruption has ASKED TURKEY FOR ARMS aggravated the situation. An aide worker says one mil­ GET LOAN CONCESSIONS FROM lion syringes were given to Azerbaijan by UNICEF for a Hurriyet correspondents Irfan Sapmaz and Selin vaccination program. Fewer than 300,000 vaccinations TURKEY Caglayan reported on the balanced policy President were given, but officials say they have no more syringes. Geidar Aliyev is trying to maintain between Ankara \"There's a lot of situations like that here,\" says the work­ Azerbaijani President Geidar Aliyev has played and Moscow. Their report stressed that Aliyev asked er. \"1 have a lot of questions about the way the govern­ , the oil card to get loan concessions from Turkey for arms from Turkey and noted, \"Aliyev, who buys ment is treating its own people.\" About one million of arms from the generals in Moscow who are known as Azerbaijan's seven million citizens have been forced because international financial organizations are arms dealers, has asked Turkey to supply a greater from their homes and are now living in Iranian or Turk­ refusing to extend loans to the republic for fear they amount of arms to Azerbaijan so that Baku can reduce ish-run tent-city refugee camps. \"They're sacrificing a may be used in its war in Nagorno-Karabakh. During its dependence on Russia. Meanwhile, Nedzhmettin generation,\" says a medical worker. [The Vancouver Sun a recent visit to Ankara, Aliyev finalized a 5-year Sadykhov, Azerbaijan's former Chief of Staff who 2/14/94] □ Turkish loan to Azerbaijan of $250 million, without accompanied Aliyev to Turkey as his military adviser, the 5% down payment originally demanded by the is holding talks with military officials in Ankara. AZERBAIJAN SIGNS EXTRA AGREE- Turks. In exchange, Aliyev declared Azerbaijan's Aliyev has asked President Suleyman Demirel and intention to sign an agreement with a consortium Prime Minister Tansu Ciller to agree to send a greater MENT WITH PENNZOIL ON NATURAL headed by British Petroleum for the development of number of officers to Azerbaijan to train the military the 400 million ton Caspian oil fields and the construc­ units of that republic. Demirel and Ciller have GAS PROJECT tion of an oil pipeline across eastern Turkey. A promised every kind of aid to A zerbaijan.\" spokesman for the Russian oil company Lukoil said BBC:World Broadcasts 2/14/94] □ Turan reported on January 22 that the State Oil on Februaiy 15 that before his visit to Turkey, Aliyev Company of Azerbaijan (SOCAR) and Pennzoil have appeared to agree to Lukoil's participation in the con­ RUSSIAN TROOPS WILL NOT BE signed an extra agreement on the project of exploiting sortium and with Russia's insistence that it would be the gas at Neft Dashlari and Guneshli, which amplifies a better if Russia re-exported Caspian oil without any ALLOWED INTO AZERBAIJAN previous agreement signed in October 1992 on the ship­ new pipeline being built outside the Commonwealth ment of equipment worth $90 million. Following prob­ of Independent States (CIS). Lukoil was to receive 20% Azerbaijani President Geidar Aliyev said on Feb­ lems with laying the underwater pipeline, the need to of the Caspian oil. Azerbaijan has kept its silence on ruary 9 he will not allow Russian troops into Azerbai­ increase the power of the compressors from 3 to 4.3 m the issue. The spokesman said it is likely now that the jan, although there were some 23,000 in neighboring cubic meters daily and for training of Azeri personnel, agreement with the British Petroleum led consortium Armenia and an undisclosed number in Georgia. expenses rose to more than $100 million. SOCAR may will be finalized during Aliyev's visit to London on Speaking to reporters, Aliyev said, \"The Russians pay for the project - which according to Pennzoil is 90% February 20. have already intervened in the region.\" He said there complete - in hard currency, oil and oil products, and in were no Russian troops in Azerbaijan and \"in any Pennzoil's bonus share in the project to explore the Azeri Azerbaijan is keen to get foreign currency. The case, we would not allow them in.\" \"Azerbaijan will and Chirag oil fields. [BBC:World Broadcasts 2/11/94] □ National Bank of Azerbaijan said today that the short­ never hand over its independence to Moscow,\" he age of foreign currency has made it impossible to said. Aliyev said Moscow wanted to deploy more AZERB AIJAN TO SIGN OIL DEAL establish a market rate of exchange for Azerbaijan's troops in the region. Russia reportedly deployed sev­ national currency, the manat. It said there had been no eral military units in Armenia between the Turkish WITH B P TO WARD OFF RUSSIA trading on the Baku Interbank Currency Exchange border and Yerevan last year. The move came as since November 23, 1993. The govern-ment-set Turkey concentrated its forces along the frontier in Hugh Pope writes for The Independent that a long- exchange rate is 118 manats to the dollar, while the response to Armenian advances in Karabakh. [United delayed oil production-sharing deal between Azerbaijan black market rate has reached 370 manats. The repub­ Press International (UPI) 2/9/94] □ and a Western consortium led by British Petroleum will lic's exporters, obliged by the government to sell 25% soon be signed. Aliyev is due to visit Britain on February of their hard currency revenues to the National Bank, GENERATION IS SACRIFICED TO 20, apparently as part of a continuing effort to keep his are avoiding the compulsory sale. As a result, out of country independent from Moscow's control. Aliyev's the republic's exports outside the CIS of $355 million, AZERI WAR EFFORT statement, made during an official visit to Turkey, fol­ the National Bank only received $1.17 million last lowed a threat by the Western consortium to withdraw year, making it impossible for the bank to intervene Despite being arrested and expelled from Azer­ because of the difficulty in pinning Azerbaijan down. on the market to support the manat. [Knight-Ridder baijan, Mike Trickey was able to write a report for The Aliyev gave no timescale, but said the deal, which Financial News 2/15/94] □ Vancouver Sun on the conditions in Azerbaijan. He would give his country the production of a small Gulf writes that patriotism abounds in Baku, with each state, \"should take Azeri interests into account.\" ALIYEV SAYS AZERBAIJAN STILL new report of victory over invading Armenia reaffirm­ ing the general belief that victory is near. What's not Aliyev's room for maneuver in what he calls his INDEPENDENT IN CIS reported by the heavily censored press is the stagger­ fight for an independent Azerbaijan is narrowing. ing loss of life suffered by Azeri soldiers as they wage Moscow is breathing down Aliyev's neck for concessions Azeri President Geidar Aliyev said on February 9 a campaign of attrition in a renewed commitment to similar to those it extracted from Armenia and Georgia, that Azerbaijan's independence was not compromised repelling Armenian forces from their territory. Aid who signed pacts putting Russian troops back on to the by its reentry into the CIS. \"We entered this union by workers, speaking anonymously, say bayonet wounds old Soviet borders with Turkey and Iran. Turkey is our own free will. Our historic ties with those states are not uncommon as the war reverts to First World doing its utmost to help its ethnic cousins in Azerbaijan, (in the CIS) are many ... We had to enter ... to reduce sending military trainers, opening trade credits and pressure from Armenia,\" he said in a parliament speech during his visit to Turkey. Baku is now keen to develop peace efforts by Ankara, Russia and the U.S. FEBRUARY 18 ,19 9 4 AIS NEWS WATCH PAGE 17

as it does not wish to be solely dependent on Russia. ren Christopher informing him that Baku intends to join Khachaturian, along with 3,000 other Armenian Aliyev said Azerbaijan would continue to preserve its the U.S. Partnership for Peace program and thereby refugees in Moscow, lives in fear of another move - culture and independence as it did during 70 years of become the second, after Ukraine, Commonwealth of this time to the heavily polluted wasteland of Siberia, communism, and said he remained committed to the Independent States (CIS) nation to establish closer rela­ where the Moscow city authorities are trying to reset­ goal of making Azerbaijan a free market economy. tions with NATO. This is a new indication that President tle asylum-seekers from the Caucasian republics. \"There will be large-scale reforms. We must go Geidar Aliyev is trying to distance himself from Moscow They're caught in the middle of Russia's mounting through these reforms swiftly,\" he said. \"Azerbaijan and avoid the fate of Georgia and Armenia who have refugee crisis. More than 2 million Russians and others will show the world that it will continue on the path already agreed to the deployment of Russian military fleeing hotspots in the former Soviet republics are to free economic and social life.\" He said Azerbaijan's bases on their soil. That Aliyev seeks a closer union with pouring into a country that lacks housing, jobs, or a fight with Armenia and internal political strife slowed NATO and more freedom from Moscow was clear even social safety net. A rocketing cost of living, rising reform, but said it was still achieving democracy. a month ago when he refused to station Russian troops prices and property values have made it increasingly [Reuter 2/9/94] □ on the Azeri border with Turkey and Iran and in the difficult for Russians to live in their own towns and zone of the Azeri-Armenian conflict. Also, Aliyev must cities. AZERI OFFICIAL DENIES have forgotten his promises to demothball Russia's mis­ sile silos and other military facilities in Azerbaijan and to With the Soviet Union dead, and the Russian gov­ MUJAHEDDIN PARTICIPATION, SAYS grant Russia a special quota in the projects of setting up ernment unable to keep up payments promised to asy­ an Azeri-British Petroleum oil consortium and building lum-seekers, local authorities are waging quiet battles ONLY RUSSIANS ON CONTRACT an oil pipeline with Turkey. The fact of Aliyev's quarrel against what they see as an unfair financial burden. with Moscow is also borne out by the failure of presi­ Although refugees were technically immune from Moscow's Ostankino TV reported on February 14 dential envoy Vladimir Kazimirov's mediation mission: deportation, they received visits from local immigra­ that the Azerbaijani State Councilor for Defense Mat­ Baku not only broke the Armenian-Azeri cease-fire tion officers pressuring them to sign agreements to ters, Major-General Nureddin Sadykov denied reports agreement but also suggested revising the CIS Collective leave for Siberia, in exchange for a temporary exten­ that Mujaheddin from Afghanistan and other coun­ Security Treaty. Moreover, Baku is out to international­ sion of their Moscow permits. \"They wanted us to tries were serving in Azerbaijan's army as mercenar­ ize the Karabakh conflict. Meanwhile, London is also move to some village with mud up to the knees,\" said ies. At the same time, he said that there were Russian stepping up its own peacemaking mission in Karabakh. Lidia's son, Vadim Khachaturian. \"What could I do experts in the army - more specifically, pilots enlisted It has a strong argument to make Yerevan and Baku there as a computer programmer? I don't even know on a contract basis. According to Sadykov, volunteers more willing to make peace - Western financial assis­ what side to approach a cow.\" Support from human arriving from foreign countries may start fighting only tance and investments. To be sure, this argument is rights groups won them a respite, and their permits after they have been granted Azeri citizenship. weightier than Moscow's promise to send its peacekeep­ were extended until November without conditions. [BBCWorld Broadcasts 2/18/94] □ ing troops to the zone of conflict, Kommersant writes. But most fear they will be forced out of Moscow even [Russica:Russian Press Digest 2/17/94] □ earlier. The refugees fled Azerbaijan without money or AZERBAIJAN TO SIGN ECONOMIC possessions. Even those who have managed to get jobs ALIYEV S CHILDREN APPLY FOR are dependent on the rent-free city apartments that can AGREEMENT WITH TURKMENISTAN be taken away at any time. \"We can't afford another TURKISH CITIZENSHIP place,\" says Khachaturian, \"and we can't even rent An Azeri government delegation led by Deputy this one. The city wants 150,000 rubles (about $100 per Prime Minister Abbas Abbasov left Baku for Ashgabat Neriman Saracoglu writes in Hurriyet that \"the son month) for it.\" The average wage is also 150,000 rubles on February 17 to sign an intergovernmental agree­ and the daughter-in-law of Azerbaijani President Geidar per month. But many Russian employers refuse to hire ment on trade and economic cooperation between Aliyev, Ilhan and Mihriban Aliyev, have applied for Caucasians. [The Toronto Star 2/14/94] □ Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan for 1994. The signing of Turkish citizenship. Aliyev’s daughter, Sevil Aliyeva, the documents will settle the problem of payments for and her husband, Mahmut Aliyev, are preparing the CIS’s 1 9 9 3 GNP 10% BELOW 1 9 9 2 ’s, the delivery of Turkmen gas to Azerbaijan, whose vol­ necessary documents for themselves and for their chil­ ume, according to the draft agreement, will be 3 bil­ dren to apply for Turkish citizenship too. This informa­ INDICATES SLOWING ECONOMIC lion cubic meters. This is 1.2 billion less than in 1993. tion was confirmed by officials from the Turkish Prime Minister's office. They also report that the applications DECLINE Last week natural gas supplies from Turk­ have been submitted to the Citizenship Office of Istan­ menistan to Azerbaijan were cut back from 12 to 5 mil­ bul, where the requests have been accepted.\" [Hurriyet The combined gross national product of the Com­ lion cubic meters daily, because of the delay in signing 2/10/94; Translated by Arman Grigorian] □ this year's intergovernmental agreement which stipu­ monwealth of Independent States (CIS) was 10% less lates the conditions for repayment. Azerbaijan has THE REGION owed Turkmenistan $35 million since the beginning of in 1993 than in 1992, indicating the economic decline 1994. Azerbaijan's own gas supply is sufficient for five UNWANTED ARMENIAN REFUGEES large industrial cities only. [BBCrWorld Broadcasts in the CIS is slowing down, according to the data 2/18/94; Tass 2/17/94] □ FEAR RUSSIA’S NATIONALIST TIDE released by the CIS Statistics Committee. In 1992, the INFLATION IN AZERBAIJAN Olivia Ward writes in The Toronto Star about the Armenian refugees that had to flee Azerbaijan. One combined GNP fell by 17.5%. During 1993 Azerbai­ EXCEEDS 50% refugee, Lidia Khachaturian, knew she had to get out of Azerbaijan when she saw a mob throw an elderly jan's GNP fell by 13.3%, with industrial production Ostankino TV in Moscow reported on February Armenian on the floor of a Baku streetcar, kicking and 11 that inflation in Azerbaijan has exceeded 50% in punching him as he lay bleeding. \"A blonde woman down by 6.8% and agricultural production down by February. In the opinion of specialists, within the next with a baby tried to defend him and they turned on her two to three months its level might reach 120-130%. too,\" says Khachaturian, a Red Cross field doctor. \"They 17%. Armenia's GNP fell by 9.9%, with industrial pro­ However, the experts say that Azerbaijan was right only stopped when she pulled out her passport to show not to have remained in the ruble zone, since this she was an Azerbaijani citizen. Then I knew it was rime duction down by 11.1% and agricultural production would not have curbed inflation and would hardly to go.\" Five years have passed since a wave of bloody ease Azerbaijan's dependence on Russia, Ostankino Soviet-inspired attacks drove thousands of frightened down by 5%. The CIS Statistics Committee said indus­ comments. [BBCWorld Broadcasts 2/18/94] □ and wounded Armenians out of Azerbaijan. Now trial output remained relatively stable during the first BAKU TRIES TO BREAK FR EE OF half of 1993, but in the third quarter it fell by 12% on MOSCOW'S GRIP the preceding quarter, with a further fall of 7% in the Georgy Bovt writes in a commentary in Kommer­ sant Daily about how Azeri Foreign Minister Hassan fourth quarter. Oil and gas output in Russia went Hassanov sent a letter to U.S. Secretary of State War­ down by 12% to 342 million tons and by 3% to 618 bil­ lion cubic meters. The CIS grain harvest last year amounted to 183.2 million tons, 4% less than in 1992. Grain harvests increased in Armenia by 2% to 300,000 tons. Grain harvests fell last year in Azerbaijan by 15% to 1.1 million tons. [Knight-Ridder Financial News 2/8/94]. □ E dited by C hristine S imone AGBU-AIS provides N EW SW A TCH fo r information purposes only and does not assume responsibility fo r the accuracy or the content of the news repts contained herein. AG BU -AIS, as well as the original source of any materials printed herein, must be cited if this information is reproduces. AIS , a division of AGBU, gathers and disseminates information concerning □Armenian issues. © 1994 AGBU-AIS FEBRUARY 18 ,19 9 4 AIS NEWS WATCH

AGBU 19 ■ j n the electronic age it is now possi- THE IMPORTANCE was about Armenia. In some cases it \\m ble to access enormous amounts of means that Armenia was mentioned in ■ information. While information is OF THE MEDIA passing in an article which was written ■ power, if one does not know how to about another topic. And for all those H use it then one can still be powerless. ARMENIA jN THE NEWS wondering why Azerbaijan and Turkey Access alone is not enough, it must be are not included in our statistical analy­ accompanied with analysis. AGBU-AIS is BY CHRISTINE SIMONE sis, the reasons are as follows. For Azer­ producing daily and weekly news sum­ baijan, due to the Karabakh conflict, there maries of articles written about Armenia news. The first chart shows the number analysis was prepared by using the Nexis is a great deal of overlap in articles which and the region. These summaries, which of articles in 1993 mentioning Armenia computer database which contains over are about both Armenia and Azerbaijan, are available electronically, by fax and by by the sources listed as compared to the 750 English news sources. We will let our thereby making it virtually impossible to mail, are being compiled not only to number of articles mentioning Israel, readers draw their own conclusions from compare the number of articles written inform those who want to follow events Bosnia-Herzegovina, Russia and Kaza­ the results. about the two countries. As for Turkey, in Armenia and the region, but also to khstan. The second chart compares the were unable to conduct an accurate statis­ provide the basis for analysis of what is number of articles mentioning Armenia It should be noted that the fact that tical analysis because we could not sepa­ being covered by the international media over a four year period. The statistical Armenia is mentioned in a news report, rate out articles which used the word and how events are being portrayed. does not mean the article's main focus Turkey referring to the bird or its use in slang (you need not see that movie, In AGBU-AIS's efforts to track press because it was a real \"tu rk ey \"). So, coverage on Armenia we have prepared despite our curiosity, it was impossible to two statistical analyses charting how include Turkey in our analysis. □ often Armenia has been mentioned in the 1 9 9 3 NEW S ANALYSIS ARMENIA- FO U R YEA R NEW S CH ART Source A rm e n ia * Israel Bosnia Russia Kazakhstan Source 1993 1992 1991 1990 ABC News 18 231 426 344 8 ABC News 18 13 25 41 CNN 64 Agence France Presse 591 958 287 n/a ** 66 957 2606 2351 Associated Press 538 671 529 485 BBC:World Broadcasts 1290 2610 1091 523 Agence France Presse 591 4207 3418 5182 357 Reuters 261 735 355 326 Associated Press 538 4729 4228 10,186 655 Xinhua News Service 352 534 104 74 BBC:World Broadcasts 1290 4231 9168 36,300 1755 Chicago Tribune 103 178 161 128 Reuters 261 3900 4109 197 Christian Science Monitor 105 58 Tass 1392 5327 1236 Los Angeles Times 75 272 84 321 Xinhua News Service 352 366 486 28,102 608 New York Times 207 220 269 177 3781 2073 San Francisco Chronicle 160 182 42 4908 The Independent 28 186 Toronto Star 22 190 25 18 Los Angeles Times 207 1636 1326 2809 93 USA Today 119 142 144 40 New York Times 160 2330 2052 3707 145 Washington Post 124 171 The Times (London) 103 1832 2461 80 The Economist 82 163 88 27 USA Today 36 831 1313 46 Time 36 46 85 21 Washington Post 703 829 2533 83 89 148 89 1174 1511 19 13 32 19 The Economist 19 117 198 461 31 5 Time 5 122 148 197 8 Total num ber of articles 11,058 16,103 8,106 6,106 * includes articles written about Nagorno-Karabakh \" n/a - data unavailable for this year m entioning A r m e n ia * in all sources on N e xis data base. ince Asbed Bedrossian's article in the last issue of both the news and discussion groups to the news only the AGBU magazine extolling the virtues of e- group and perceived his request as criticism of the net. A mail, the Armenian electronic news network, few angry words were exchanged for all those on the net Groong, and the discussion group, Hayastan, the to read. The newcomer, however, was not deterred by his response has been fabulous. Groong has gone from 150 subscribers early last harsh indoctrination into the electronic world (he told me privately that he wasn't year to over 475 currently and requests to subscribe keep pouring in. Even those who offended easily because he had \"that tough Armenian skin\"). In the end, it was just resisted at first came around. A friend who read the article said he didn't understand it. another interesting day in the life of Groong and Hayastan. Concerned that many others reading the article would be in the same boat, I asked him So if you're not one of those who have joined the e-mail bandwagon you should even though he didn't understand the article, would he be interested enough in the con­ be. Each day Groong readers are treated to the most comprehensive and up to date cept of an Armenian electronic news network that he would try to find out more infor­ news about Armenia and the region for free (except the cost of an e-mail account). If mation about getting hooked up. He said that while he was interested, he wouldn't you want to know how the Armenian bobsled team performed at the Olympics or the have explored the idea further. After all he said that he didn't even know what a latest book or movie with Armenian themes, in addition to all the hard news about modem was, so how was he ever going to be able to understand e-mail. Shaking my what is happening in Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh, you'll find it on Groong. What head in frustration I thought, \"Well you can't convince everyone.\" But to my surprise are you waiting for? and delight, he called last week (three months after the article appeared) to say he has a new computer, a modem and has convinced his company to get e-mail. SUBSCRIBING TO GROONG AND HAYASTAN: There have been others who had to be dragged, kicking and screaming, into the electronic age. Blocked by a fear of technology, many felt it was too complicated for To subscribe to Groong and/or Hayastan, you will need a computer and a them to participate. But they called, asked a few questions, called again and gamatz, modem. You will not need a separate phone line for the modem, you can just plug it in gamatz (slowly) they are joining Groong. and out of the phone when you need it. You will also need a commercial e-mail account There have also been a few tense moments when newcomers to the net have such as America Online, CompuServe, Prodigy or Delphi. They are available at most clashed with the advanced computer whizzes online. One new member who mistakenly computer software stores. Once you have established an account, you will need to send broadcasted his message to the entire net saying he was receiving more than just the an e-mail letter to either Groong (for news only) at \"[email protected]\" or news and could the problem be taken care of, incurred the wrath of another member Hayastan (for discussion only) at \" [email protected]\" and ask to be added whose vision of expanding Armenian access to electronic networks is so far ahead of the to the subscription list. If you want to be added to both lists you only need to send one rest of us who are just trying to keep up with the basics. Our advanced computer friend note to either address and ask to be added to both lists. The Groong list averages about took exception to the newcomer's awkward attempt to change his subscription from 5-10 messages of news a day. The Hayastan list can have as many as 20 messages a day. □

20 AGBl unilateral indepen­ communities — Greek Cypriot and Turk­ ish Cypriot. The minority groups had to dence and designed the choose. flag of the self-styled The Armenians, Maronites (people of Syrian and Lebanese descent who had Turkish Republic of been on the island for more than 1,000 years) and Latins (remnants of the Cru­ Northern Cyprus. This saders and French and Italian rulers of the Middle Ages) opted for the Greek — two red stripes Cypriot community. A DIVIDED COUNTRY on a white background Today, these communities are repre­ and, in the middle, a sented in the House of Representatives, red crescent and star — and even though they have no vote, they has been painted on nevertheless play an active part in parlia­ mentary sub-committees and advise the the southern slopes of government on religious and communal education matters. the Kyrenia mountain They elect their own representatives, TWENTY YEARS AFTER range which runs and also take part in Presidential, parlia­ alongside the northern mentary and municipal elections, and can be elected to any of the various bodies. THE TURKISH INVASION coast of the island. Only in the case of the Presidency, the The flag is visible constitution specifies that he has to be a Greek Cypriot and not merely a member from the Greek Cypriot of the Greek community. side of the divided The Armenian community has had a long and interesting history in Cyprus. BY GEORGES DER PARTHOGH island. Also visible is the following saying In the Middle Ages, there were not less than 30 Armenian villages , some of from Kemal Ataturk, which still bear names that reflect their Armenian origin like Armenokhori founder of modern which, in Greek, means Armenian vil- lage. Turkey: \"How fortu­ Like the Greeks, the Armenians also nate is he who says he have suffered greatly by the Turkish invasion. The Armenian quarter of is Turkish.\" Nicosia, including the church, school, prelature and three clubs are now in the Starting from ele­ Turkish-occupied northern sector of Nicosia. The clubs included the three- mentary school, Turk­ story 18th century premises of the Nicosia branch of the Armenian General ish Cypriot children Benevolent Union opposite the imposing gateway to the Armenian church and are daily told to look at school. the mountain and re­ In the old city of Famagusta, one of the most interesting buildings was the member the words of ancient Armenian church, while on the north face of the Kyrenia mountains, the \"Great leader, the overlooking the deep blue of the Mediter­ ranean sea was the Armenian monastery father of the nation.\" of Soorp Magar. When Cyprus Both are now in ruins. The church in Famagusta is used partly as a store, while acquired independence the monastery, also known as Magara Vank, remains as nothing more than the from Britain after 72 carcass of a few walls. years of colonial rule, a The loss of the church, school and clubs were major setbacks, but they have constitution was all since been replaced — built on a street in Nicosia called Odos Armenias, or imposed based on the Armenia Street. Zurich and London From the upper windows of the school one can see one of the most famil­ agreements between iar sights of Nicosia, the AGBU Melkon- ian Educational Institute. Britain, Greece and Created by the brothers Krikor and Turkey. Garabed Melkonian in 1924, it has given a large number of active Armenians who One of the provi­ have made a name in the fields of art, music, literature, business and other pro­ sions of the agreement fessions. was that all three coun­ The famous painter Hagop Hagop- ian is a graduate of Melkonian. So is tries became guaran­ Benon Sevan, currently one of the senior Assistant Secretaries-General of the Unit­ tors of the indepen­ ed Nations. □ Green Line check point. dence and territorial On the Greek side there is a serious integrity of the young island republic. fear about the Turkish \"expansionist\" Each had the right to unilateral interven­ NICOSIA - Cyprus marks the 20th policy, aggravated by the presence of tion if and when the constitution was vio­ anniversary of the Turkish invasion this 35.000 Turkish troops and an estimated lated and the population was endan­ year with little more than the good inten­ 60.000 settlers transported to the island gered. tions of the international community to from the Anatolian interior who consti­ It was this clause in the constitution break the deadlock between the island's tute as much a threat to the Turkish which Turkey used to justify its military Greek and Turkish communities. Cypriots as they do to the Greek Cypriots action in August 1974. This is the country which coined the who form 80 percent of the island's When differences between the late phrase \"Green Line\" to describe the stone 720.000 population. Cypriot President Archbishop Makarios and concrete wall that separates the On the Turkish side there is a lack of and the military junta in Athens came to a Greek and Turkish halves of the capital, confidence about the intentions of the head, the Greek army stationed in Cyprus Nicosia. The phrase has since been used Greek Cypriots, a feeling which is being staged a coup, effectively giving the in a number of divided cities in the world entrenched in the new generation Turks the pretext they had been waiting like Beirut, Lebanon. through indoctrinations at school, in for a long time. World leaders often refer to the con­ clubs and even the national service. Claiming that the constitution had flict as a \"cause for concern\", but despite Shortly after the August 1974 inva­ been violated, they launched what they a string of United Nations resolutions sion, Turkish Cypriots believed that they called a \"peace operation\" aimed at re­ calling for the withdrawal of the Turkish were in heaven. Seeing Turkish flags establishing law and order in Cyprus. army, no immediate settlement is in sight. everywhere and Turkish soldiers at every The result was the invasion of the For now, the emphasis is on \"confi­ street corner was a novelty. Added to island by Turkish army, an invasion in dence building measures\" based on a set this, the daily propaganda blaring from which 3,000 Greek Cypriots lost their of ideas put forward by U.N. Secretary loudspeakers before classes in the morn­ lives, 200,000 became refugees and 1,619 General Butros Butros Ghali designed to ing, a new generation of Turkish Cypriot are still missing. enhance the element of trust between the youth grew up bloated with the feeling of The country was divided, not only Greek majority and the Turkish minority a new master race. along ethnic lives, but also religious. of this sun-drenched Mediterranean Ten years after the invasion, Turkish The constitution of the island had island. Cypriot leader Rauf Denktash proclaimed made provisions for only two official

---------- 7 AGBU 21 AGBU MELKONIAN staff member explained. Most of the Bul­ EDUCATIONAL garian and Armenian students are spon­ PROGRAMS sored by generous donors while others INSTITUTE are on a waiting list until additional spon­ m m m he Melkonian Educational sors can be found. Institute of the Armenian Gen­ SIXTY EIGHT YEARS OF SERVICE TO eral Benevolent Union marks THE ARMENIAN NATION The presence of Armenian youth it's 68th Birthday this year from the four corners of the world has with an unprecedented mix of BY DAVID ZENIAN given Melkonian an international flavor Armenian students from — and created a different kind of learn­ The Melkonian Institute ing experience where Armenian students around the world. com plex (above). from 16 countries interact. Established through a generous Students during lunch break (left). \"What we have here is unique/' says donation from benefactor brothers New principal Hagop Mr. Hagop Kasparian, the school Princi­ Garabed and Melkon Melkonian, the Kasparian, conferring with pal. \" This is not an ordinary boarding school has come a long way without los­ teachers (below). school.\" ing sight of its mission. Times have changed since the early days when pro­ today 15 others have \"The kids here forge international viding education and shelter for the joined the group — bonds which they take back to their coun­ orphans of the 1914-15 including several stu­ tries after graduation. Having such a Armenian Genocide was its dents paying their diverse student body is an education in primary objective - but not fees in full. much. itself,\" said Kasparian, a vet­ \"The economy in eran educator whose teach­ The Melkonian Educa­ Armenia is very bad, ing career spans over more tional Institute is still a home but there still are than 40 years — including away from home for a new some families who some 25 years in the Ameri­ generation of students and can afford sending can educational system. the more than 1,400 young their children to pri­ men and women who have vate schools abroad. Discussions with graduated since the board­ Anything is possible small groups of students ing school opened its doors in a free market ori­ reinforces Mr. Kasparian's in 1926. ented economy,\" a views. A recent survey \"An Armenian edu­ showed that while local cation is not just learning Cypriot Armenians remain how to read and write,\" 15- the largest single group with year-old Iranian-Armenian 50 students out of a total stu­ Ninelli Khanian said. \" I dent body of 208, the Bulgar­ could do that in Tehran.\" ian Armenian contingent is a close second with 47 stu­ \"What we have here dents, including many who is like an Armenian United are learning the Armenian Nations. It's a place of bond­ language for the first time. ing where students make life-long Armenian friends Other large groups of and become part of the students are 29 from world-wide Melkonian fami­ Lebanon, 27 from ly of high-school graduates. Greece, 10 from Syria, 9 This is something very pre­ from Ethiopia and more cious,\" she said. recently, 20 young boys and girls from the \"It's a big family, Republic of Armenia. with its little problems. Here Among the Armenia the older students look after contingent are a number the young ones who normal­ of orphans from the ly are very homesick the first earthquake zone at few weeks. We learn what support Gyumri. The size of groups mean ... it's a great experience. Diaspora student groups \"Each diverse Diaspora group adds fluctuates depending on something new to the greater Melkonian conditions in their home family flavor. Melkonian is very interna­ countries. tional, just like the Diaspora Armenians,\" she said. The end of the Lebanese civil war This year the student meant a drastic decrease body includes boys and in the size of the Lebanese Armenian con­ girls between the ages of 12- tingent at Melkonian. While 99 Lebanese- 19 from Lebanon, Cyprus, Armenian students were enrolled in Bulgaria, Greece, Iran, 1990-91, today 29 are at Melkonian. But as Ethiopia, Syria, Armenia, one group shrinks, another grows. USA, Canada, Iraq, Kuwait, Jordan, France, Saudi Ara­ Bulgaria is one such example. Its bia and the United Arab enrollment has jumped up from 18 in Emirates. 1990-91 to 47 today thanks to the end of the Communist era and the ever Inquiries about enroll­ increased demand for western-style ment, tuition and boarding Armenian education. A similar jump in costs should be addressed numbers has been recorded in the enroll­ to: ment from the republic of Armenia. While the first four students who came to The Principal, Melkonian in 1990-91 were orphans, Melkonian Educational Institute P.O.Box 1907 Nicosia, Cyprus. □

AGBU m m . CHAPTER .j O * , a!. ..• J.JIVi NEWS ir f V 4 ‘\"H; l V r/ •v ^ v ^ _ »a • c' 3 V After learning that m any hospital supplies, particularly Sgjg W iW physicians’ white uniform s used during surgery, w ere in H} great need, the A rlington AGBIJ c h a p te r co n ta cte d suppli- T ers, one o f w hom agreed to sell at cost. Taking advantage o f | j the offer, the ch ap ter appealed to local m em bers and friends w hose generous contributions o f $5,000 purchased • 500 uniform s w hich w ere im m ediately shipped to Armenia. AGBU e x p re sse s its a p p re cia tio n to th e active m e m b e rs o f the Arlington Chapter. AGBU co m m ittee m em b ers p ictu red : first row , left to righ t, A rax N ajarian, K ayanc Jelal, Meline D em irjian and Rose Z artarian. Second row , left to right: Betty Surabian, Elizabeth Kolligian, Martha Bogliosian and Veronica Paretchan. M em bers Ida Boodakian and Alice O hanesian also participated, The atten d an ce at the o n e w eek su m m er cam p session for AGBU scouts in Southern California reached an all tim e high o f one hun­ dred and forty in 1993. F o u r hundred friends and fam ily joined in the closin g cerem o n ies. AGBU scou ts, w ith a total en ro llm en t o f two hundred and forty, m eet every Saturday at the AGBU/Pasadena Center and the M anoogian/Dem irdjian School. Camping, hiking and field trips are scheduled throughout the year. San F e rn a n d o Valley’s AGBU M etro C h a p te r m em b ers raised funds to provide special scholarships for high ach ievers at the AGBU M anoogian/D em irdjian Schools in C anoga Park. P ast activities include g ran ts fo r the AGBU P asadena C en ter and to the AGBU Basketball team fo r uniform s and travel to annual Olympic gam es. Pictured: Chairm an Lucy Andonian Trum p, Past Chair­ m an Helen Bagdasarian, Violet H atounian, Loraine Kele- gian, M ariam K evorian, Rose K onjoyan, Bernice Meliter- ian, Araks Tolegian, Jan e Gillian, M argaret Garakian and M arjorie Agajanian.

c>, ' wmz:- ‘ -. & & } ': > - .V. ' .-'S ■ • - 0<1> (mj) \\ f * | l r :; On Saturday, N ovem ber 27, before a full house of over a thousand people at the prestigious Lincoln Center for the Perform ­ ing Arts, the thirty-five m em b er AGBU A ntranig D ance Ensem ble celebrated its 25th Anniversary with the prem iere of “Love an d L au g h ter.” The unique program included ethnographic JK HOVHANNES renditions from the regions o f D aron, Art- sakh, O orm eeyah and Mush, nationalistic dance depictions of the Fedayis (guerrilla fighters) and a dram atic dedication to all the anguish suffered by Arm enian m others after the tragic earthquake in Arm enia. Under the direction o f talented Antranig Artistic D irector Jo y ce Tam esian-Shenloogian, the entire production was the ch o reo grap h ic creation o f Gagik K ara­ petian, Artistic D irector o f the State D ance Ensem ble o f Arm enia. “Love an d L a u g h te r s ” se co n d a ct w as an o rig in a l d a n ce -th e a te r p re se n ta tio n o f H agop B a ro n ia n ’s co m ic p lay “H o n o rab le B eg g ars.” T he m u sical s c o re w as sp ecially cre a te d fo r A n tran ig by K h atch - adour Avedisian, renow ned com p oser from Arm enia. The dram atic, colorful costum es for the entire production w ere designed by Linda Tamesian- Kalfayan, a tw enty-three year veteran o f the ensem ble. Artistic d irectors Gagik K arapetian and Jo y ce Tam esian-Shenloogian w ere joined in the overall d irection o f “Love and Laughter” by A ssociate D irector and long-tim e soloist Sarkis Pilavdjian. Perform ing throughout North Am erica, Europe and Arm enia since I960, the Antranig D ance Ensem- ble has an alum ni o f over two hundred perform ers. Executive Com m ittee advisor x\

m enine Sapah-, v Gulian, an active m em b er o f A ntranig for tw enty-five years and AGBU M etro ChapteivChai/uian : R obert D oram ajian, an alum ni h im self, co n tin u e to w ork to. build and im-niHcrsliip o f the. D an ce E n sem b le. P lan s a re u n d erw ay to o rg an ize 1 9 9 4 to u r dates o f “Love an d L au g h ter.” Anyone sixteen years and older wishing to join the Antranig Dance Ensem ble m ay contact Artistic . D irector Jo y ce Tam esian-Shenloogian (201-261-7065). Students twelve to fifteen years o f age m ay enroll in the Antranig Ju n io r Group.

AGBU CHAPTER NEWS The 21st an n u al g o lf outing to benefit th e AGBU Alex M anoogian School in Southfield successfully raised $130,000 towards scholarship grants to elem entary and ju n io r high stu d en ts. T h e 3 5 m e m b e r AGBU M en’s Committee registered over 800 golfers at three private club cou rses in the g reater D etroit area. V olunteers organized by Paulette Apkarian prepared special “A rm en ian ” h o rs d ’o e u v re s fo r th e o cca sio n w ith Les and Mike C hoolian and B a rr Packing sh ip p in g 1 ,300 lbs. o f fresh fruit from Fresno, California. AGBU Golf C om m ittee m em b ers p ictu red : M ihran Iloplam azian, Club Co-Chairm an Greg Bouajian, Arm en Shekerjian, Greg Jam ian , Club Co-Chairm an Zaven I)olik, AGBU H o n o rary Life P resid en t Alex Manoogian and G eneral Chairm an Chuck Tashjian. T he AGBU A rm en ian Y ou th A ssociation m ad e a pilgrim ­ age to the D er Zor m em orial in Syria. The m em orial com m em orates the desert location w here thousands o f Anne nians arrived after fleeing the 1915 genocide in O ttom an Turkey. The AGBU Y outh A ssociation o f Lebanon has a m em bership o f 500 children and young adults. Mr. N oubar N azarian, C hair­ m an of the District of Lebanon, extends the appreci­ ation o f AGBU m em bers to Mr Hagop Altounian fo r his five years of leadership as past Chairm an of the District.

W^kA . -■ he spirit Mr. Vahe A rtinian, ch airm an o f th e AGBU Sydney C hapter, H onorable M ichael Photios, MP M inister o f M ulticultural Affairs an d Mr. S. K e rk y a sh a ria n , AM C hairm an o f Ethnic Affairs, attended an O ctober reception celebrating the announcem ent of Olympic Games in the year 2000 in Sydney. u u m rv t,tA jL •IUJYHIPICL, AG8U Children o f the Sydney AGBU Saturday sch ool held a special perform ance at a year end reception. Shortly after, the devastating fire that spread throughout New South Wales cam e w ithin 200 m eters o f the school. Along w ith the Saturday school, the AGBU Sydney Chapter operates a com m unity center and an elem en­ tary' dayr sch o o l. T he c h a p te r re ce n tly estab lish ed a “H ot Line\" giving te le p h o n e ca lle rs th e daily new s o n Arm enia. u -m H ■p n .(3 ~ V — . —- ■ Jr' > 'A jam* i Wst'j .s1N S' The AGBU M elbourne youth ch ap ter rep resen tatives enjoy a special outing with M arten Yorgantz (cen ter) well know n international entertainer during his appearance in Australia. The 90 m em ber youth group m eets regularly for sport com petitions, basketball and volley ball p ractice and special cultural and educational activities. Novem ber 1993. Seated , left to right H ovhannes Gulbenkian, Chairm an Diana Tchakerian, H aroutune Tchaghatzbanian. Standing: Raffi and Maral Tchorbadjian, Vivian Boghossian and N ighoghos Gul­ benkian.

AGBU CHAPTER NEWS AGBU T oron to team celebrates re c e n t s o c c e r v ic to ry in Ontario cham pionship play­ offs. One hundred and eighty m em bers o f basketball and so ccer team s practice at the AGBU C en ter in T o ro n to w eek­ ly to com p ete in Canadian leagues. • Ft j 1 I 1 V-1 AGBU T oron to B oard M em bers Zaven K urdian, H rant Bar- dakjian and Levon Yazejian presen t sch olarsh ip aw ards to Hasmig A rm enian accepting for h er son Van, recipients Dzo vag Kevork and Hagop M eneshian and to Dr. & Mrs. K hacha trian accepting for daughter Anna. CAIRO, EGYPT ■ Is Jl > %m As a result of aEnmab”g ar.es em en t b etw een w W mm t -.-.I the Arm en ian sy oi C airo and 'V the Foreign Ministry o f Egypt, eight -M students from Arm enia attended eigh- the Academy . .,,,AjjL#.JB m JC l•I W F Diplom acy of the foreign Ministry of | Egypt. Courses included international — -------------------------.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... history, protocol and foreign affairs as well as sem inars on international and national questions. The lecturers w ere com prised o f tw enty am bassadors and Ministry officials. In the evenings, Dr. Edward Nalbandian, the Charge d Affaires o f A rm enia, gave com plem en

AGBU 27 AGBU PROGRAMS, continued UCLA Journal of Middle Eastern Studies students to spend five months in Los and a member of several academic associ­ Angeles, five months in Sacramento, and ations such as the Middle East Studies five months in Washington, D.C. to leam AGBU'S FIRST Association, the Society for the Study of about the workings of the government. Caucasia, and the American Association During her Los Angeles internship, she for the Advancement of Slavic Studies. worked at the Los Angeles area Chamber Fluent in French, Armenian, and modem of Commerce as a policy analyst, helping GRADUATE FELLOWS Turkish, he has a working knowledge of develop policy from a private sector per­ German, Ottoman Turkish, and Azeri spective. along with a basic knowledge of Russian. Ms. Boghosian was born in Los Upon graduation, Astourian plans Angeles and was an English major at Uni­ to teach history at the college level and versity of Southern California. She has continue his research in the field of mod­ attended the Intensive Armenian Lan­ year ago the AGBU began a gram in Armenia in the summer of 1990. ern Armenian history concentrating on guage Program in Venice, taught Sunday Graduate Fellowship Pro­ Katrina's goal is to contribute to the the 20th century. Fie hopes to create School at the Armenian Congregational gram to support the studies ongoing process of nation building in Armenian history lectures for communi­ Church in N. Plollywood and participat­ of qualified Arm enians to Armenia. She hopes to utilize her exper­ ties in the U.S. and is planning to write a ed in the Armenian Professional Society. address issues facing the tise in Armenian diplomatic missions in volume on Cilicia to be considered for She has also served as a volunteer in a Armenian Republic and the the United States and abroad. publication by the AGBU. California congressional campaign and diaspora community. After reviewing numerous Stephan Astourian Lisa Boghosian applications and inter­ K atrina Menzigian viewing a number of I finalists, the AGBU Edu­ cation Department select­ ed three candidates and granted them fellowships for the duration of their graduate studies. The chosen students were admitted to graduate pro­ grams at highly competi­ tive universities exempli­ fying the highest standards of academic achievement and demon­ strating the best potential for the future. After grad­ uation, the candidates have agreed to work on projects relating to Arme­ nia and Armenians, with com pensation, in their areas of expertise under the guidance of the ___________ AGBU. In addition, sum­ mer internships may be provided for stu­ USA BOGHOSIAN has worked for a number of years as a dents as they pursue their studies. The S TEP H A N ASTOURIAN following graduates received fellowships Stephan Astourian is currently com­ Lisa Boghosian is currently pursuing fund-raiser for health centers. for the 1993/94 academic year: pleting his Ph.D. dissertation in Armen­ her Master's Degree in Public Adminis­ Lisa hopes to utilize her fund-raising KATRINA MENZIGIAN ian and Caucasian history at UCLA. The tration at the University of Southern Cali­ skills on behalf of the Armenian commu­ topic of his dissertation is \"The Origins of fornia. She is specializing in inter-govem- nity as well as generate articles of interest Katrina M enzigian was born in Armeno-Turkish Polarization: Cilicia mental managem ent. The program on Armenian issues in the US Press and Haverhill, Mass, and is currently pursu­ 1830s-1890.\" In it, Astourian tackles two includes an internship which enables the government agencies. □ ing a Master's Degree in International issues. First, he tests the dominant Affairs at the Fletcher School of Law & approach in Ottoman studies which con­ Diplomacy, Tufts University. Her areas of tends the subsequent role of non-Muslim AGBU GRADUATE FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM IU 1 .1 concentration are Southwest Asia (Mid­ Ottomans as the intermediaries of Euro­ jV dle East), International Communications pean interests or as a profiteering minori­ The AGBU Education Department is seeking candidates for its Graduate Fel­ and Economics. One of her current pro­ ty. Second, he reflects on some early cases lowship Program for the 1994-95 academic year. jects involves research on privatization in of Armeno-Turkish conflicts to develop a Armenia. model of ethnic polarization. AGBU graduate fellowships are available exclusively for full-time graduate students of Armenian heritage who are pursuing Master’s degrees at highly and Prior to going to Tufts, Ms. Menzi­ Born in Nice, France, Astourian most competitive institutions in Educational Administration, Public Administration, gian worked for two years at the Ameri­ studied at the Sorbonne where he earned International Relations, Journalism, and the final two years in a Ph.D. degree pro­ can University of Armenia office in the a Maitrise and DEA with first class hon­ gram in Armenian Studies. United states located in Oakland, Califor­ ors. Concurrently, he learned Armenian nia. She was also President of the Armen­ at the Institut Catholique and the Maison These specific areas of study are the focus of a continuing effort by the AGBU ian Student Association of the University des Etudiants Armeniens, Marie Nubar to prepare qualified Armenians to address issues facing the Armenian community of California at Berkeley. She produced House. In the U.S., he has been active in a today. The fellowships consist of awards up to full tuition. and hosted an Armenian Radio Hour in number of Armenian community projects San Francisco and worked with the while enrolling in the Armenian history After graduation, AGBU requires recipients to work, with compensation, in Armenian Arts Alliance in Boston. She program at UCLA. their areas of expertise under the guidance ot the AGBU. In addition, summer has been on the editorial staff of the internships may be Drovideri for students as they pursue their studies. Astourian has presented numerous Requests for applications must be made in writing to: newsletter of the Bay Area Friends of lectures to the Armenian community and The Armenian General Benevolent Union, Education Department Armenia. Ms. Menzigian was an intern papers at various conferences. He has with the Armenian Assembly in 1989 and also published a number of scholarly arti­ 31 West 52nd Street, New York, N .Y . 10 0 19 -6 118 . Deadline: May 15,1994 participated in the Land and Culture Pro­ cles. He is a past editor of Jusur: The

28 AGBU The newly established Hagop D. Topalian Fund is the single largest endowment received by AGBU since the inception o f the organization in 1906. As designated by Mr. Topalian in his will, incomefrom his permanent endowment will be granted to AGBU educational and humanitarian programs with special allocations to the Armenian Catholicosate o f Etchmiadzin, and the Armenian Patriarchates o fJerusalem and Istanbul T all, distinguished years. He kept his connections and a world travel­ to the regiment and its head­ er, Hagop Dirane quarters in London until he Topalian was an was eighty-four years of age, impressive figure to proudly claiming he was the Regiment's oldest living sur­ all who knew him. vivor. Devoted to his army service, After the death of his father, Kevork Topalian in 1923, and his successful business Hagop Topalian and his broth­ ers expanded the business with career in Europe and the Mid­ offices in Manchester, England, Istanbul, Turkey, Cairo, Egypt dle East for the first half of his and two new outlets in Ruma­ nia and the Sudan. His mother, adult life, at the age of fifty Ardem Funduklian Topalian, moved to an apartm ent on Topalian began carefully plan­ Square Alboni in Paris; the same building where Boghos ning and im plem enting his Nubar, the founder of the AGBU lived and which now Armenian philanthropic pro­ houses the offices of the orga­ nization. jects. Topalian expanded again in Born in England one year 1937 to open the Moharrem Press in Egypt. Ordering the after his parents fled the onset latest state-of-the-art equip­ ment, Moharrem Press soon of the 1896 massacres of Arme­ became the leading printing house not only in Egypt but in nians in Turkey, Hagop the entire Middle East. In 1942, he went on to establish the Topalian was the youngest of Societe Commerciale D'Egvpte, importing raw materials for seven children. His father, most of the printing houses in the region. This period was Kevork, a successful textile also the beginning of Topalian's remaining life long manufacturer in Turkey, real­ interest in initiating Armenian projects. He became chairman ized life for Armenians in the of the Alexandria, Egypt Armenian Community Coun­ Ottoman Empire was in dan­ cil, organizing various events ger, and some years earlier began establishing a branch of his business in Southport, Eng­ land. The Topalian family subse­ quently moved to Cairo, Egypt where a third manufacturing facility was opened. Hagop, attending a French academy, spent two days a week working for his father. At seventeen years of age, young Topalian resettled in England to work at the Southport office. At the beginning of World War I, Hagop Topalian joined the British Artiste Rifles Regi­ ment, serving in France for four

AGBU 29 to raise money for a new clinic serv­ ing the needy and towards the reno­ vation of a local Armenian church. Hagop Topalian made his first trip to Armenia in 1955 as a delegate of the Patriarchate of Jerusalem in the election of a Supreme Patriarch. He was selected to be one of four bearers of the Golden Canopy held over his Holiness, Vasken I, Catholicos of all Armenians, during the procession of enthronement. Retiring from his various busi­ nesses in 1960, Topalian purchased the writer Max Beerbohm's seaside home in Rapallo, Italy, a small village on the Mediterranean. Committed to his Armenian roots, he immediately began planning the building of St. Hagop's church in Geneva, Switzer­ land, a city he often visited. Topalian supervised architectural plans and construction, underwriting all costs. His H oliness Vasken I awarded Topalian the Order of St. Gregory the Illuminator for his years of service and contributions. In his later years, Topalian established the Hagop D. Topalian Foundation in Zurich to which he donated, through AGBU, valuable real estate assets. The motto of the Foundation was \"Hai Abrink\" (Let us live Armenian). Hagop Topalian lived modestly like his parents before him. Often econo­ ber 1985, at the age of eighty-eight, his mizing on his daily needs he would use will revealed assets in the Isle of Jersey, busses if his car was in repair, eat small the United States, Switzerland, Italy and portions of food at home, patronize only South Africa. Topalian entrusted the the least expensive restaurants and wear executorship of his estate to the AGBU his suits for many years, never throwing and to close friends, Mr. and Mrs. Munir anything away. When friends expressed Sa'adah. Through the efforts of the amusement at his frugality, he would executors the estate was settled after have two responses, \"It is in the blood,\" seven years of probate proceedings in or \"Remember me in the future when various jurisdictions around the world. the money I save is used for good caus­ es.\" The AGBU Central Board is most grateful to the Topalian family for their Although Topalian lived frugally he trust and generous support throughout never lost interest in his business invest­ the years. Mrs. Janig Tchaker, Hagop ments. Following the market almost to Topalian's sister, left her considerable the end of his life he refused to use a assets in Cairo, Egypt, valued at financial advisor, handling all transac­ $2,500,000 to the AGBU, as did the Fun- tions himself. After his death in Novem­ duklian family, cousins of Mr. Topalian, who contributed over $600,000 to St. Hagop Armenian Church, AGBU's permanent endowment fund. Geneva, Switzerland. □

30 AGBU Over $250,000 France, 3,650 • Dr/M Vatche H. Ayvazian, MO, AGBU Sydney, 1,784 • AGBU Detroit Women's 1.000 • M/M Kachadoor Kazarian, FL, 1,000 • 2,100 • Ralph Babaian, CA, 2,000 • Dr. Vahram M/M Paul B. Kazarian, Rl, 1,000 • M/M Leon Arsilia Akian Fund, France, 295,440 • Jirair Al- Y. Bakamjian, NY, 2,150 • M/M Vartkess Balian Chapter, Ml, 1,000 • M/M Gerald Ajemian, MA, Kebabdjian, France, 1,000 • M/M Noubar tounian Estate, Canada, 907,650 • Manoogian VA, 4,950 • M/M Vahe Balouzian, NY, 3,700 • Khanamirian, France, 1,000 • Martha Kochak- Family, MI-NY, 2,665,000 • Garbis, Noubar and M/M Vartkes Barsam, CA, 2,000 • M/M Ruben 1.000 • Dr. Peter Ajemian, NY, 1,000 • M/M ian, MA, 1,100 • M/M Mike Kojaian, Ml, 1,000 • Nazar Nazarian, Lebanon-NJ, 400,000 • Hagop Barsamian, Wl, 4,000 • Hrach Besnilian, CA, Richard J. Alonso, NY, 1,100 • Dr/M Francois Terenik Koujakian, CA, 1,000 • Haig Kurkjian, Topalian Estate, 5,375,097 (received in ‘93). S. Antounian, CA, 1,500 • Charles Apelian, NY, Ml, 1,000 • M/M George Manoogian, Ml, 1,000 • M/M Hagop Manuelian, CA, 1,000 • Dr/M $100,000 to $150,000 1.000 • Armenian Students Association -UCLA, Garo S. Matossian, MD, 1,070 • Joseph Matos- sian, CA, 1,100 • Rosemary Matossian, CA, Sylvie Galbedian Estate, CA, 100,581 • Haig The Central Board of Directors expresses its deep gratitude 1.000 • Vivian Medzian, CA, 1,000 • Dr/M Diran Kanjian Estate, PA, 106,884 • The Lincy Foun­ to all the members and friends who have so generously con­ O. Mikaelian, PA, 1,250 • M/M John Mirak, MA, dation, NV, 100,000 • Marie Manoogian Memo­ tributed to the AGBU Central Office in 1993. The following 1.025 • Katherine Miridjanian, CA, 1,000 • M/M rial, Ml, 142,000 • Abraham Soghigian Estate, bequests and donations\"' have been given to support the pro­ Viken K. Momdjian, CA, 1,000 • M/M Raymond MA, 139,748. grams of AGBU; programs which include scholarships for stu­ Nargizian . NY, 1,000 • M/M Noubar Nazarian, dents attending AGBU schools, scholarship grants and loans to Lebanon, 1,000 • Edward H. Noroian, NY, 1,000 $25,000 to $99,000 university and college students, the construction of the Nazarian • Ellen Ohan, CA, 1,000 • Dr/M Nikit Ordjanian. Center at the Manoogian/Demirdjian Schools in Canoga Park, NY, 1,100 • Mac M. Pachaian, England, 1,235 • AGBU District of Lebanon, 32,000 • Anony­ Ca., the renovation of the Pasadena Center, Camp Nubar, the Krekor Perzigian, CA, 1,300 • Larry A. Peters, mous, NJ, 25,776 • Aranco Oil Co., NH, 30,000 Presidents’ Club sponsorship of summer internships in New NY, 1,050 • John Poochigian, CA, 1,100 • Qual­ • Michel Baghdasarian Fund, France, 88,500 • York and California, the publication of the AGBU Newspaper and ity House of Graphics, NY, 1,250 • M/M Mihran & Hampig Chekerdjian, Lebanon, Ararat Quarterly, projects in France, Greece and Lebanon and in Andreas Roubian, NJ, 1,000 • M/M Vrej Sab- 25.000 • Cracchiolo Fdn, FL, 25,000 • M/M Armenia, including the American University, the Plastic and ounjian, NJ, 1,000 • M/M Harold A. Sakayan, Peter Cracchiolo, Ml, 25,000 • M/M Raymond Reconstructive Surgery Center, Soup Kitchens, Nork, Arapkir MD, 1,000 • Dr. Alice Saraydarian, NJ, 1,000 • Cracchiolo, Ml, 25,000 • M/M Thomas Cracchi­ and Malatya Children’s Centers, the Philharmonic, the Araratian M/M Gregory Saraydarian, NJ, 1,000 • M/M olo, 25,000 • Suren D. Fesjian, NY, 91,000 • Diocese, the Gyumri Symphony and Academy of Arts. This list Richard Saraydarian, NJ. 1,000 • M/M Arthur H. Mary Garabedian Estate, CA, 60,000 • Dr/M does not include general contributions given to chapters around Seredian, CA, 1,000 • Daniel Shahan, Ml, 1,100 Raffi A. Hovanessian, IN, 49,347 • Jirayr Kas- the world for local programming. • M/M Armen Shahinian , NJ, 1,250 • M/M barian Estate, France, 72,730 • M/M Anthony Antranig Shahinian, NJ, 1,000 • Dr. Lee Shahin­ Kushigian, NC, 73,672 • Mardigian Fdn., Ml, * Contributors to AGBU’s 1993 Operation Winter Rescue as of October 14,1993 were previously ian, CA, 1,000 • Christine M. Simone, NY, 1,000 25.000 • M/M Richard Nalbandian, Ml. 25,000 • • Dr/M Simon J. Simonian, MD, 1,000 • M/M M/M Nazar Nazarian, NJ, 31,350 • Nigoghos acknowledged in the last two issues of the paper. James B. Sinclair, CA, 1,000 • M/M Joseph Nigosian Charitable Unit, 33,721 • Anonymous, Stein, Jr., CA, 1,000 • M/M Harry J. Tashjian, Ml. 25,000 • M/M Osep Sarafian, Ml, 31,100 • 4,000 • M. Chanut, France, 4,550 * M/M Ara A. 1,500 • Armenian Art & Culture Society, CA, NJ, 1,000* M/M Berge Tatian, MA, 1,100 • Arpi Nerses Tamamian Fund, Cyprus, 58,194. Cherchian, Wl, 3,100 • M/M Haig Dadourian, 1,353.78 • Carol B. Aslanian, Ph.D., NY, 1,000 • G. Tcheroyan, NY, 1,300 • M/M Michael A. Tek- NY, 2,000 • M/M Caro Danielian, CA, 3,000 • Hagop Ateshian, Lebanon, 1,000 • Ardemis tigian, CA, 1,100 • Misak Terjanian, NY, 1,350 • $10,000 - $24,999 M/M Avedis Demirdjian, France, 3,100 • M/M Avakian, FL, 1,000* Dr/M Leonard V. Avedian, Col/Mrs Roger H. Terzian, OH, 1,275 • Dr/M Sarkis Demirdjian, France, 2,000 • M/M George CA, 1,250 • Nona Balakian Estate, NY, 1,000 • Ara G. Tilkian, CA, 1,000 • M/M Sami Totah, AGBU London Trust, 10,000 • AGBU Melkonian Deukmejian, CA, 2,500 • Katia Djevahirdjian, Harry Basmajian & Harry Nichols, NY, 1,000 • MD, 1,000‘ Treasure Island, Inc., NJ, 1,000* Alumni, CA, 20,000 • Dr/M Mihran S. Agbabian, Switzerland, 4,800 • Isabelle Z. Dokouzian, CA, M/M James H. Batmasian, FL, 1,000 • Antoine United Armenian Charities, Inc, NY, 1,000 • CA, 21,050 • Henry Bahlavouny Estate, Ml, 2,100 • M/M George Dunaians, CA, 2,050 • Sir- Boghossian, MA, 1,000 • Lucy Jamie Bongar- Seta K. Vartivarian, IL, 1,260 • Dr/M Lawrence 18.000 • Antranig Berberian, CT, 11,000 • vart Godoshian, Ml, 2,000 • Dr. Gaspar A. zone, FL, 1,000 • Edith Husenig Bozyan Estate, P. Zarian, IL, 1,100. Sarkis Bogosian Trust, NJ, 12,155 • Kay Douza- Goshgarian, FL, 4,100 • Rev. Father Carnig A. Rl, 1,000 • M/M Zaven A. Dadekian, NJ, 1,000 • klian, CA, 15,000 • Askanoosh Erganian, CA, Hallajian, NJ, 2,000 • Hatchik Hatchikoff, Bel­ Sara Dadourian, NY, 1,000 • Art Darian, Ml, $500 - $999 10.000 • George Gurdjian Estate, Rl, 23,524 • gium, 3,000 • M/M Miro Hussenjian, CA, 2,000 1.000 • M/M Ratty Der Bagdasarian, CA, 1,000 Richard K. Gregory, FL, 16,953 • Rosemary • M/M John C. Ipjian, CA, 3,000 • M/M Charles • M/M Levon Der Bedrossian, CA, 1,000 • Bill D. Abajian, NJ, 500 • Accent Lamp & Hoplamazian Memorial, Ml, 17,350 • Mr/Mrs A. Janjikian , MA, 2,100 • Hermine A. Kazazian, Detroit Armenian Women’s Club, Ml, 1,000 • Shade Co., MA. 500 • M/M Nurhan Adarian, NY, Hashashian Fund, IL, 11,242 • Dr/M Edgar OH, 2,600 • M/M John V. Ketchoyan, CA, 2,000 Avedis Donelian, NJ, 1,000 • Edward S. Dorian, 500 • AGBU Chicago Chapter, IL, 500 • AGBU Housepian , NJ, 10.150 • Helen Kradjian Estate, • M/M Azarig Kooloian, Sr., Rl, 2,075 • M/M Sr., NY, 1,000 • Dr/M Heratch O. Doumanian, Women’s Central Committee, NY, 500 • Zepure NY, 20,000 • M/M George S. Kurkjian, England, Peter K. Krikorian, CA, 2,000 • M/M Zaven Kur- IN, 1,100 • Dr/M Ara V. Dumanian, IL, 1,000 • Andreasian, FL, 500 • M/M Paul M. Andrews, 11.000 • Levonian Fund, NJ. 10,238 • MASCO dian, Canada, 2,000 • M/M Charles Manoogian, Dorothy Ekizian, NJ, 1,000 • M/M George K. IL, 600 • Anonymous, NJ, 500 • M/M Jack Corporation, Ml, 10,000 • Henry Nazarian, Bel­ Ml, 2,000 • James W. Manoogian, CA, 2,000 • Erganian, FL, 1,075 • M/M Sarkis Gabrellian, Anserian, NJ, 900 • Armenian Church Endow­ gium, 10,000 • Haigashen Ouzounian, Cyprus, Helen Mardigian, Ml, 4,000 • Eleanor K. Mard- NJ, 1,000 • Peter B. Gabrielian, MD, 1,000 • ment Fund, NY, 847 • Asbed Junior, Lebanon, 10.000 • Leon Peters Fdn, CA, 12,000 • M/M irossian, NY, 4,025 • Dr/M Haroutune Mekhjian, Onnig Gharibian, Egypt, 1,000 • M/M Samuel V. 547 • Dr/M Robert Aslanian, CT, 525 • Dr. Berge Setrakian, NJ, 16,050 • Vahan Simidian NJ, 2,000 • M/M Levon Nazarian, NJ, 2,250 • Goekjian, DC, 1,000 • M/M Vaughn Gregor, CA, Edouard Attamian, France, 750 • M/M James Estate, FL, 10,000 • M/M Kaloust P. Sogoian, M/M Armand O. Norehad, IL, 3,100 • Rose 1,100 • Dr/M Vartan Gregorian, Rl, 1,000 • W. Avakian, CA, 500 • Taline Avakian, CA, 500 • Ml, 22,000 • M/M Rouben Terzian, IL, 10,100 • Ouloosian & Betty Ouloosian, Rl, 2,050 • Esther M/M Harry K. Gregory, FL, 1,867 • Dr. Hagop M/M Nerses Y. Aynilian, NJ, 650 • Virgina S. Siragan Topakian Trust, NY, 13,668 • Elizabeth K. Parseghian Estate, ME, 3,480 • M/M Edward Gulekjian, NJ, 1,000 • M/M Walter Guleserian, Ayvazian, NY, 555 • Arthur Aznavoorian, IL, 500 Torosian, IL, 10,000 • Ohannes Vekilian Fund, Peters, NY, 2,600 • Rupen L. Saddler, NJ, MA, 1,000*/M Michael Halebian, NJ, 1,100* • M/M Robert Bagdasarian, NJ, 500 • M/M Cyprus, 23,501 • Stephen G. Zartarian, Cyprus, 2,500 • M/M Andre Tabourian, France, 2,000 • M/M Jacob Harpootian, Rl, 1,000 • Dikran M. Vache Bahadurian, NY, 500 • Luiza B. Balthazar, M/M Nubar Tokatian, CA, 2,000 • M/M Kevork Hazirjian, FL, 1,000 • M/M Greg Herdemian, NY, 500 • Dr/M George A. Bannayan, TX, 500 • 10,000. G. Toroyan, CT, 2,000 • Hermine H. Varjabed- NY, 1,000 • Mrs. Diran Hintlian, MA, 1,000 • Sarkis Bedoian, France, 500 • Paul Bedrosian, ian, CA, 2,100 • M/M Barry Zorthian, DC, 3,488. M/M Vahakn Hovnanian, NJ, 1,100 • M/M MA, 500 • M/M Nerses Bergoudian, MA, 525 • $5,000 - $9,999 Edward D. Jamie, Jr., NY, 1,000 • M/M Avedis M/M Yeprem A. Benguian, Ml, 500 • Ida Bood- $1,000 - $1,999 V. Janjigian, IL, 1,100 • Dr/M Haig Kafafian, NJ, akian, MA, 500 • M/M Albert Boyajian, CA, 500 AGBU Manoogian/Demirjian School, CA, 8,663 1.000 • M/M Murad J. Kalajian, CA, 1,050 • • Jack Chadrjian, NY, 500 • Ralph Chakerian, • AGBU Alex Manoogian School, Ml, 6,905 • Dr/M Daniel H. Abdulian, CA, 1,000 • ACYOA M/M Jack N. Kalaydjian, CA, 1,000 • Leila Kara- OH, 500 • Mary Chrissian, CA, 500 • Liz Clai­ AGBU Nassau Chapter, NY, 5,000 • AGBU Central Council, CA, 1,000 • M/M Jacques gheusian, NY, 1,000 • M/M Vasken Kassardjian, borne Foundation, NJ, 500 • Dr. Mark B. Con- Vienna Chapter, 5,000 • Yervand Galoostian, Adanalian, NJ, 1,000 • Dr. Salpi Adrouny, GA, CA, 1,000 • M/M Haigazoun Kassarjian, CA, stantian, NH, 500 • Sarkis Dadourian, NJ, 600 • CA, 5,000 • M/M Albert T. Harutunian, Jr., CA, 1,100* AGBU Melbourne Chapter, 1,958* M/M Herbert Decker, GA, 500 • M/M Armen 7.000 • M/M Rouben 0. Iguidbashian, Ml, Der Kiureghian, CA, 500 • Edward S. Dorian, 5.000 • Kevork & Hagop Karagheuzian, Argenti­ Jr., NY, 500 • Michael V. Dukmejian & Polly A. na, 5,000 • Haig Kasparian Fund, France 7,730 Botti, NY, 500 • M/M George N. Francis, CA, • Berj Khachadoorian & Richard Khachian, CT, 600 • Mary Garabedian, NY, 735 • Irene H. 5.000 • Aghavni Kouzoujian, NY, 5,500 • Jack Garabedian, MA, 500 • Lynn E. Giardinelli, PA, P. Margossian, NJ, 5,000 •Vartouhy Melkonian 665 • Lt. Col./Mrs Edmond A. Gorek, NY, 900 • Estate, MA, 5,000 • Dr/M Rouben Mirbegian, M/M Charles Guleserian, MA, 500 • Edward NY, 5,000 • Mary A. Onanian, MA, 5,000 • Guleserian, MA, 500 • Dr/M Barry A. Halejian, David S. Sohigian Foundation, CA. 9,030 • NJ, 500 • M/M Armen Hampar, CA, 500 • Dr. Araxie Zakian Estate, PA, 5,000. Edward S. Hatch, FL, 500 • M/M Bartev Hekim- ian, FL, 500 • M/M Harry Haytayan NH, 500 • $2,000 - $4,999 Violet E. Herbekian, CA, 500 • M/M Richard Hindlian, MA, 500 • Holy Cross Armenian M/M Sarkis Acopian, PA, 3,600 • Dr. Gregory Church, NJ, 300 • M/M Vahan Igoyan, CA, 500 H. Adamian, MA, 2,000 • Rose Agajan, CA, • M/M Ashod Kargodorian, CA, 500* M/M 2,350 • AGBU Fort Lauderdale, FL, 2,200 • Joseph M. Kazanjian, PA, 600 • M/M Edward AGBU Miami Chapter, FL, 2,100 • AGBU Provi­ Keljik, MA, 500 • Dr/M Kevork B. Keshishian, dence Ladies’ Chapter, MA, 2,100 • AGBU NH, 500 • Efronia Kludjian, CA, 701 • Sona Nicosia Chapter, 2,000 • Dr. Hashim M. Alani & Dr. Mary K. Alani, Ml, 2,000 • Adrienne Alexan- ian & Grace Alexanian, NY, 2,050 • M/M V.D.A., 3,100 • M/M Mihran P. Andonian, WA, 2,480 • Arpy Arsenian , MA, 2,000 • Edouard Attamian,

AGBU 31 Kludjian, NY, 500 • M/M Hratch H. Kouyoum- Artinian, MA, 1 0 0 ‘ Susan Artinian, Ml, 100* Richard Ashton, CA, 125 • Dr/M Hacop J. As­ Aram Atamian, NJ, 150 • Ariane Ateshian, NY, djian, CA, 500 • M/M Raffi K. Krikorian, KS, 500 Manuel Arutyunyan, NY, 200 • Hagop N. Asa- lanian, CA, 100 • Razmig Aslanian, NJ, 100 • 200 • Dr. John Autian, TN, 100 • Martin Avad- • M/M James Leitner, NJ, 500 • Dr. Henry durian, Ml, 200 • Norig G. Asbed, MD, 100 • Victoria Asadorian Estate, OH, 464 • Dr/M Fred ian, Wl, 100 • M/M Armand P. Avakian, NJ, 100 Madalian, NJ, 500 • Dr. Karo Manaser, NY, 600 Anna Asdoorian, Rl, 100 • M/M Thomas V. Assadourian, NJ, 100 • M/M Michael M. Assar- • M/M Avak Avakian, MA, 100 • K. Dick Avak­ • Albert Markarian, Lebanon, 500 • M/M Garbis Ashbahian, NJ, 150 • M/M Stephen Ashbahian, ian, Ml, 100 • Z. Harry Astor, Esq., CA, 100* ian, CA, 100 • Lucy Avakian, NY, 100 • Alen- Markarian, Lebanon, 500 • Verteres Maroukian NY, 100 • M/M Kevork Ashikian , IL, 150 • M/M M/M Jean-Marie L. Atamian, NY, 250 • M/M oosh Avanessians & Hagop Kechejian, NY, 100 Trust, DC, 728 • M/M Richard D. McOmber, NJ, • Raymond V. Avedian, CA, 100 • Francis G. 500 • M/M Jack Medzorian, MA, 500 • Greg V. AN Avedikian, MD, 100 • Jenny Avedikian, CA, 100 Merijanian, AL, 500 • Helen Misk, NY, 600 • • M/M Paramaz Avedisian, MD, 200 • M/M Charles Mosesian, MA, 500 • Dr/M Tavit 0. Naj- THE FUTURE Anthony Z. Avedisian, Rl, 100 • Harry Avedis­ arian, NJ, 500 • Paola Nerguisian, CT, 500 • ian, CA, 100 • John Avsharian, AZ, 100 • Harry Harry Orbelian, CA, 500 • Dr/M Zaven Oskan- Since the inception of AGBU in 1906 hundreds of thousands Ayvazian, CA, 100 • Mark Ayvazian, NY, 100 • ian, Ml, 500 • Dr. Noubar K. Ouzounian, CA, of donors have initiated and supported the educational, cultural Armond A. Azharian, CO, 100 • Robert S. Baba­ 500 • M/M George L. Petrossian, NY, 500 • and hum anitarian programs that have served Armenians ian, NY, 250 • Grace Babakian, NY, 100 • M/M M/M Harold Pilibosian, MA, 500 • Leon R. Sad­ throughout the world. With the continued contributions of thou­ Ara Babayan, CA, 100 • M/M Edward N. Baba­ dler, NJ, 500 • Nancy Sahakian, Wl, 575 • M/M sands of donors, today AGBU administers fifty schools, centers yan, NJ, 100 • Dr/M Rostom Bablanian, NY, Harry S. Sarkisian, NJ, 700 • M/M Peter Sar- and offices and a variety of programs in nineteen countries. In 100 • M/M Mark J. Badach, NJ, 100 • M/M Obie manian, MA, 500 • M/M Stanley Sarkisian, CA, the last five years AGBU has allocated $13,000,000 to establish Bagdasarian, OH, 100 • George Baharian, PA, 500 • Dr/M Paul Shahinian, NJ, 600 • Dr. Vir­ new projects in Armenia. AGBU’s 1993 annual budget for world­ 100 • Baikar Association Inc, MA, 100 • Dr/M ginia Shahinian & Rustam K. Devitre, MA, 500 • wide operations is estimated at $22,000,000. Barkev Bakamjian, OK, 250 • M/M David M. M/M Edward Shoushanian, MA, 500 • Hannah Balabanian, CA, 100 • M/M John Baldadian, FL, M. Simonian, PA, 700 • Sita Kurkjian Smith, It is only with the generosity of its contributors that AGBU 100 • M/M Gregory S. Balian, MD, 100 • Dr. MD, 500 • Dr. Krikor Soghikian, CA, 625 • continues to serve the Armenian population. All gifts to AGBU Paul Balikian, AZ, 150 • M/M Mardick Baliozian, Esther Stepanian, MA, 500 • Dr. Pergrouhi Sva- are tax-deductible. IL, 100 • Charlotte M. Ballard, MA, 100 • Jack jian, NY, 500 • Nishan Tamezian, NY, 500 • Ballard, FL, 100 • M/M Rafi Balouzian, CA, 100 Claudio & Migo Terjanian, NY, 500 • M/M Harry OPTIONS IN PLANNED GIVING TO AGBU • George Baltaeff, PA, 100 • Bank Audi (Califor­ Terkanian, WV, 600 • James Timourian, Cana­ nia), CA, 250 • M/M John Banks, IL, 100 • Dr/M da, 500 • M/M Jack Tootelian, VA, 725 • James 1. General Contributions: Donations which are used for the Kevork B. Bardakjian, Ml, 425 • M/M Dicran B. F. Tufenkian, NY, 500 • Irene Vahradian, NY, annual funding of educational, cultural and humanitarian pro­ Barian, MA, 100 • Dr. Vahan Barooshian, NY, 500 • Sylvia Voegele, CA, 500 • M/M Christo­ grams. 100 • Elizabeth Baroutian, NY, 100 • M/M pher Wolfe, CA, 500 • Raymond Yezeguelian, 2. Endowment Funds: A minimum gift of $10,000 establishes a Thomas B arrett, NY, 100 • Dr/M Paul C. Bar- France, 500 • Rose Zakarian, NY, 500 • M/M permanent fund in the name of the donor or in memory of a sam, MA, 1 0 0 ‘ Alice Knar Barter, IN, 150 • Jeffrey Zoraian, NJ, 500. loved one. Donors may designate specific programs which will Alice N. Bashian, FL, 200 • George Bashian, CA, benefit from the yearly incomes of such funds. Donors to AGBU 120 • Dr. Kevin R. Basralian, NJ, 100 • M/M $100 - $499 have established over four hundred permanent endowments. Antoine Bazarbashian, PA, 100 • Sarkis Bchak- 3. Life Income Agreements: A life income agreement allows jian, Lebanon, 100 • M/M Sarkis Bedevian, NJ, Charlotte G. Abajian, NJ, 100 • David P. Abaj- donors to make substantial gifts to AGBU w hile retaining 250 • M/M Melik Bedikian, NJ, 125 • M/M ian, MA, 100 • Richard Abajian, NJ, 100 • M/M income during their lifetimes. Charles Bedoian, CA, 300 • Mary Bedoian, MA, Alexander Abashian, VA, 100 • Dr/M Herand 4. Bequests: Remembering AGBU in a Will provides for AGBU’s 250 • Dr/M Levon Bedrosian, NY, 200 • M/M Abcarian, IL, 100 • Dr/M Misak H. Abdulian, CA, future while the amount of the bequest is deducted from the tax­ Ernest Bedrosian, CA, 150 • Elizabeth Bedros­ 100 • Ella Abgarian, FL, 100 • M/M Anoushavan able portion of the testator’s estate. ian, CA, 100 • Dr/M Richard C. Bedrosian, MA, Abrahamians, CA, 100 • Dr/M Murat Acemoglu, 5. Real Estate with Retained Life Use: A gift of real estate with 100 • M/M Sirop Bedrosian , IL, 300 • Trinda L. NY, 400 • Jacob Adajian, CA, 100 • M/M Aram retained life interest brings a current charitable income tax Bedrossian, CA, 100 • M/M Yeghia Bekiarian, Adourian , NY, 100 • M/M Yeghia Adourian, deduction as well as the knowledge that the donor is providing CA, 200 • M/M Jack Bendian, NJ, 200 • Russell MA, 100 • Dr. Emil E. Aftandilian, MS, 100 • for the future of the AGBU. Personal residences, vacation J. Bendian, NJ, 100 • George Benian, Ml, 100 • Esther Agabian, MA, 200 • AGBU Philadelphia homes and farms qualify for this type of gift. Raffi R. Berberian, MA, 250 • Everett H. Berber- Chapter, PA, 250 • AGBU Montreal Chapter, 6. Life Insurance: Giving through life insurance can allow a ian, CA, 125 • M/M Vahe H. Berberian, PA, 125 225 • AGBU Manhattan Chapter, NY, 200 • donor to make a gift of assets no longer needed for the fam ily’s • Armine D. Berberian, NY, 100 • George Ber­ AGBU Santa Clara Chapter, CA, 100 • AGBU security. A donor may give new or existing policies or assign berian, NJ, 100 • M/M Kurken Y. Berksanlar, Toronto Chapter, 100 • AGBU Washington D C. proceeds to be paid in part or in full to AGBU. CA, 100 • M/M Ohannes Beudjekian, CA, 250 • Chapter, VA, 100 • Steve Aghabekian, NY, 250 • Victoria Bezazian, PA, 100 • M/M Diran R. Bez- Anahid Aghajanian, OH, 200 *Dr/M George K. irdjian, VA, 100 • Dr. Alex A. Bezjian, FL, 100 • Aghajanian, CT, 100 • M/M R. D. Aghajanian, M/M Vasken A. Bezjian, CA, 100 • Ishan Bideci, GA, 100 • M/M Vartan Aghazadian , DE, 100 • CA, 100 • M/M Edward S. Bilzerian, MA, 200 • Peter Aghazarian, FL, 100 • M/M Hachig A. M/M Antranik Bobelian, NY, 300 • Jeffrey S. Aghjayan, MA, 100 • Libby H. Ahmajan, CA, Boghosian, NJ, 250 • Sam Bogoshian, CA, 100 100 • M/M lain Aitken, NY, 300 • M/M Diran • Dr. Jeffrey A. Bogosian, CA, 100 • Richard W. Aivazian, FL, 150 • Elizabeth Ajamian, MA, 150 Bogosian, MD, 100 • Acabe Boornazian, PA, • Frances Ajamian, NY, 100 • M/M Raymond P. 200 • Dr/M Paul E. Boudakian, CA, 250 • Gre­ Ajemian, MA, 125 • Ann Ajemian, NJ, 100 • gory Boudakian, NY, 100 • Dr/M George Bour- Robert S. Ajemian, Ml, 300 «M/M Arman Akar- noutian, NJ, 100 • M/M Torkom Boyajian, MA, akian , CA, 200 • M/M Walter Akkashian, Ml, 200 • Haig Boyajian, NJ, 150 • Armon Boyajian, 100 • M/M Zaven H. Alejian, CA, 200 • M/M CA, 100 • M/M David V. Boyajian, CA, 100 • Edward Alexander, MD, 100 • DR/M Joseph M. Edward H. Boyajian, VT, 100 • Gale Boyajian, Alexanian, Wl, 100 • Lucy S. Allalemdjian. NY, Ml, 100 • M/M Robert A. Boyajian, DE, 100 • 100 • Dr/M Varoujan K. Altebarmakian, CA. 100 Sylvia Boyd, CA, 100 • Ohannes Bozoyan, NJ, • Deran Altoonian, FL, 100 • Hrant Altunian, CA, 100 • M/M Byron G. Bray, Jr., CA, 100 • Brock­ 100 • M/M Ashod J. Andon, FL, 100 • Jerar ton Brotherhood Credit Un, MA, 100 • M/M Andon, CA, 100 • Dr/M Archie T. Andonian, OH, James V. Broussalian, CA, 100 • Harout H. 350 • M/M Harry A. Andonian, PA, 125 • M/M Broutian, CA, 250 • Lucia Atanesian Brown, NY, Andrew Z. Andonyan, AZ, 200 • Peter D. Andre- 100 • Kazar Bshikian, CA, 100 • Bernice Buch- asian, NY, 100 • M/M Richard K. Anoushian, akjian, NY, 100 • Dr/M Leonard M. Buchakjian, NY, 100 • M/M Antonio Antaramian, NJ, 275 • NY, 100 • Rosemary E. Buck, Sr., CA, 100 • Dr. Solomon M. Aordkian, CT, 100 • M/M Nish­ M/M Berge Bulbulian, CA, 225 • Ared A. Bul- an Apelian, NY, 250 • Denise Apelian, NY, 100 • buljian, NY, 250 • Dr/M Carnegie S. Calian, PA, Drs. Diran Apelian & Seta M. Apelian, MA, 100 100 • M/M Hrant Candan, NY, 400 • Jackie Aga- • Nevart Apikian, NY, 100 • M/M Berj K. Apkar- janian Cardelucci, CA, 100 • Haig Robert Cas- ian, CA, 100 • M/M Paul K. Apkarian, NV, 100 • parian, NJ, 250 • Patricia A. Casparian, AR, 100 M/M Kevork Aposhian, CA, 100 • M/M Souren • M/M Gerard Y. Chahmirian, CA, 100 • Saro Aprahamian, Ml, 100 • Mary Arabian, MD, 100 Chakarian, CA, 100 • M/M Harry Chakmakian, • M/M Paul Arakelian, FL, 100 • M/M Sarkis NJ, 135 • Douglas Chakmakian, NJ, 100 • M/M Aramian, NJ, 100 • Alan N. Arifian, NY, 250 • Ronald Chakmakian, NJ, 100 • Dr. Mariam K. Dr/M Zaven S. Ariyan, NJ, 100 • M/M Vedat Chamberlain, NY, 200 • M/M Vaughn Cham­ Arkun, NY, 125 • Dr/M Garabed A. Armoudian, bers, FL, 300 • Gregory G. Chamourian, NY, OK, 100 • Siran Arrathoon, NY, 100 • Dr. 250 • The Chantigians, MN, 250 • Susan E. Michael J. Arslanian, CA, 200 • Dr. Abraham Chapman, NY, 100 • M/M Alexander Chavdar- Arslanian , OH, 100 • Madeleine Arslanian, NY, ian, Ml, 175 • Leon Checkemian, NY, 100 • Gar- 100 * Marguerite Artinian, FL, 150 • M/M Sarkis

AGBU DONORS - 1993 bis Chekerdjian, Lebanon, 100 • M/M John H. Hadjian, CA, 300 • M/M Raymond L. Hagop- ian, CA, 250 • Dr/M Gregory Ketabgian, CA, 125 McFadden, UT, 250 • M/M Edward S. Medzian, Cherkezian, NJ, 200 • Johny Chirinian, CA, 100 ian, NJ, 200 • M/M Richard H. Hagopian, CA, • M/M Sahag Ketefian, CA, 100 • Richard Keu- CA, 100 • Ruth Kashian A. Meehan, CA, 100 • • M/M Dennis H. Chookaszian, IL, 100 • Harry 200 • Dr/M Hagop Hagopian, GA, 100 • Hagop rajian, NJ, 100 • M/M Kevork L. Keushkerian, M/M Harry Megerdichian, NY, 250 • M/M Garo T. Chouljian, MA, 200 • Dr. Sylva Heghinian H. Hagopian, CA, 100 • M/M Jacob J. Hagopian, CA, 100 • M/M Harry Kevonian, Ml, 100 • Jack M. Meghrigian, CA, 100 • Dr/M Vahe Meghrou- Collins, CT, 100 • Dr/M Harold M. Constantian, CA, 100 • M/M John Hagopian, PA, 100 • Deron G. Kevorkian, PA, 200 • M/M Sarkis J. Kevork­ ni, CA, 100 • M/M Norair Meguerditchian, NJ, MA, 300 • M/M George A. Constantian, CA, 200 Hairabedian, CA, 200 • M/M George Hakalmaz- ian, GA, 100 • Haykas Keyan, CA, 100 • Rose 100 • Gary Mekerdijian, MD, 150 • M/M George • M/M Yetvart Corluyan, CA, 200 • Forrest ian, CA, 150 • John D. Halajian, NY, 200 • M/M Keyian, NY, 100 • Dr/M Art Kezian, CA, 100 • B. Mekhedjian, CA, 150 • Agavny Mekjian, CA, Counihan, NY, 185 • Earlene Craver, CA, 150 • John Halberian, NY, 2 5 0 ‘ Alice Hallaure, NY, Berj A. Khachadoorian, CT, 100 • Dr/M Avedis 100 • M/M George Mekjian, CA, 100 • Boris M/M George Dabagian, NJ, 100 • M/M Ftaffi 300 • Lucy Hamalian, NJ, 100 • M/M Onnig K. K. Khachadurian, NJ, 400 • M/M Melvin K. Melcomian, CA, 300 • M/M James L. Melcon, Dabanoff, CA, 225 • Dr. Asdghig S. Daderian, Hamalian, CA, 100 • Parisette Hampar, NY, 250 Khachigian, CA, 100 • Vrej Khachikian, CA, 400 NJ, 300 • Andre Melikian, TX, 100 • M/M Badrik CA, 100 • Marjorie M. Dadian, MD, 100 • M/M • Nshan Hamparian, Ml, 100 • Daniel Handal- • M/M Norik Khachikian, CA, 100 • Dr. Edward Melikian, CA, 100 • Garen Melikian, CT, 100 • Richard H. Dagdigian, IL, 100 • M/M Bedros ian, MA, 100 • M/M Brian Hanessian, MD, 100 • J. Khantzian, MA, 150 • Shahe A. Khatchadour- M/M Stephen Melikian, CA, 250 • Marilyn J. Dakessian, CA, 100 • Vagharshag H. Danielian, M/M John Hanjian, NJ, 100 • Sonia D. & Jay S. ian, GA, 250 • Zohrab Khatchadourian, PA, 100 Melkonian, DC, 100 • Paul Melkonian, TX, 100 • CA, 200 • M/M Ken Darian, NY, 150 • Avetis G. Harlan, IL, 120 • Richard B. Harris, MA, 100 • • Dr. Knarig Khatchadurian, NJ, 200 • M/M M/M Suren Melkonian, CA, 100 • Edward A. Darvanan, Esq., OH, 250 • Father/M Dajad A. Linda Hartunian, CT, 250 • Ben B. Hartunian, Habet M. Khelghatian, IL, 100 • M/M Charles P. Meltzer, PA, 100 • M/M Harry Meneshian, CA, Davidian, MA, 100 • Dr. Nurhan Davutyan, Ml, CA, 100 • M/M George Harutunian, NM, 200 • Khitikian, CA, 225 • Dr. Vartkes Kiledjian, TN, 100 • M/M Peter Merigian, Ml, 200 • Harry 350 • M/M B. Booth Deakins, NY, 250 • M/M M/M Armen Harutunian, Lebanon, 100 • M/M 100 • Araxie Z. Kilejian, NY, 150 • Joyce M. Kil­ Merigian, Ml, 100 • Gary S. Merjian, NY, 250 • Garo Dekirmedjian, CA, 100 • M/M Leon Dem- Armen Hayrapetian, CA, 100 • M/M Harry Hedi- lian, PA, 100 • M/M John Kimball, FL, 100 • M/M Mardi Merjian, NY, 250 • Dr. Antreas Mes- erdjian, IL, 100 • Charlotte Demerjian, Ml, 275 • son, FL, 100 • M/M Samuel Hekemian, NJ, 100 M/M Hrair Kirakossian, CA, 200 • M/M Garbis robian, IL, 100 • Dr/M Harout Mesrobian , MD, M/M Arsen K. Demirdjian, IL, 150 • Hagop • Dr/M Nurhan J. Helvacian, NJ, 100 • M/M S. Kirikian, NJ, 250 • Arthur Kirishian, WA, 100 100 • M/M Onnik Mesropian, Ml, 100 • Clemen­ Demirdjian, Lebanon, 100 • M/M Roupen Dem­ Stephen Herdemian, NY, 100 • Setta Heroian, • Dr. Kurken V. Kirk, NY, 100 • M/M Zaven A. cy Balfour B. Metrebian, CA, 200 • M/M Donald irdjian, IL, 100 • Audrey D. Demirjian, CA, 100 • FL, 100 • Maria Elena Hess, CA, 100 • M/M Kish, TN, 125 • M/M Sarkis V. Kish, TN, 100 • S. Michaelian, CA, 350 • Suzanne Michigian, Zaroohi Der Mugrdechian, CA, 100 • M/M Harry N. Hintlian, MA, 250 • Isabelle E. Hodg­ M/M Jacob Kizirian, CA, 200 • M/M Gabriel J. CA, 100 • Dr. Richard E. Mikaelian, NY, 100 • Roger Der Sarkissian, NY, 350 • M/M Sarkis son, NH, 250 • M/M Walter Holdampf, IL, 100 • Klanian, CA, 100 • M/M Barkev Klijian, CA, 100 M/M Franck A. Milillo, NY, 100 • M/M Edward Der Sarkissian, CA, 100 • A. Der Stepanian, CA, Zevart M. Hollisian, MA, 150 • Mark S. Hopla- • M/M Peter Klujian, IL, 100 • M/M Zaven Kod- W. Miller, IL, 100 • Brian Minasian, CA, 250 • 100 • Vatche Der Torossian, MA, 100 • Dr/M mazian, IL, 350 • Mihran G. Hoplamazian, Ml, jayan, IL, 100 • Charles Kolligian, NY, 100 • Dr. Edmond V. Minasian, CA, 115 • M/M Armen Der-Kiureghian, CA, 100 • Mehran S. 250 • Donna D. Hortian, NJ, 200 • Albert S. M/M Ohannes Kondayan, VA, 125 • M/M Edward Minasian , CA, 100 • Dr/M Donald P. Derderian, CA, 200 • Mitchel M. Derderian, Rl, Hovannesian, MA, 100 • Araxia M. Hovsepian, Edward Kondrajian, OH, 200 • M/M Paul C. Minassian, IN, 125 • Dr/M Guiragos S. Minass- 150 • Jeri Anne Dermanelian, NV, 100 • M/M CA, 325 • M/M Dickran Y. Hovsepian, MD, 100 Koomey, TX, 100 • M/M Herbert H. Koshgarian, ian, CA, 100 • Dr/M Robert Mirak, MA, 250 • Nerces L. Dermenjian, CA, 100 • Dr/M George • M/M John M. Hovsepian, IL, 100 • Hratch IL, 100 • Alice Koshian, NY, 100 • Dr. Marcos M/M Armen J. Mirakian, NY, 100 • Lucine K. Dermksian, NY, 1 0 0 ‘ Theresa I. Deukmedjian, Hratchian , Ml, 175 • Kathryn Huttenbach, NY, Kotoyan, CA, 150* R. H. Lola Koundakjian, NY, Mirakian, OH, 100 • M/M Samuel Mirakian, Sr., CA, 100 • Francis T. Devian, CA, 350 • Dr/M 100 • Dr/M Vartan Igidbashian, PA, 250 • M/M 100 • M/M Paul Kousharian, CA, 200 • Prof OH, 100 • M/M Armand K. Mirijanian, IL, 100 • Hosep Deyrmenjian, OH, 100 • George Didizian Paul R. Ignatius, DC, 300 • M/M Vahe Imas- Robert G. Kouyoumjian, OH, 400 • M/M Leon M/M Mardig H. Mjukian, IL, 125 • Carol A. & Akabe Saryian, NJ, 150 • Dr/M Hagop Dik- dounian, CA, 100 • M/M Kirkor Imirzian, Ml, Kouyoumjian, CT, 250 • M/M Jack Kouzoujian, Mole, NY, 100 • M. Edward Mooradian, NY, 400 ranian, CA, 100 • Gregory Dilian, NY, 250 • 100 • George Injayan, CA, 250 • M/M Robert S. NY, 350 • George Kouzoujian, Jr., NY, 150 • • Dennis J. Mooradian, NY, 100 • Susana M/M Henri Dimidjian, NJ, 100 • Angelle Din- Ishkanian, NJ, 250 • M/M Selim G. Issa, NY, Harry Kradjian, NY, 100 • Van Z. Krikorian & Morukian, Ml, 125 • M/M Carl Mosko, FL, 100 • gilian, OH, 125 • M/M Martin Donabedian, CA, 100 • Grace Ivazian, CA, 100 • M/M Hrair H. Priscilla D. Krikorian, CT, 250 • M/M Charles G. M/M Van Mouradian, ME, 100 • M/M Ara J. 100 • Andre R. Donikian, IN, 250 • M/M Harry Jabagchourian, CA, 100 • M/M Jirair Jabag- Krikorian, NJ, 100 • George Krikorian, CA, 100 • Movsesian, CA, 100 • M/M Richard A. Mugal- S. Donobedian, CA, 100 • M/M Garo Dorian, chourian, CA, 100 • Henry Jacob, CA, 215 • Dr. Dr/M George Krikorian, MA, 100 • M/M Hama- ian, IL, 200 • M/M Gregory M. Mugar, CA, 100 • CA, 150 • Dr/M Robert S. Dorian, NJ, 250 • Doris D. Jafferian, MA, 150 • Mary Jaildagian, yak Krikorian , IL, 100 • Mark Krikorian, CA, Dr. Doris S. Mugrditchian, VA, 100 • M. M. Dr/M Robert V. Dorian, NJ, 150 • James A. NY, 250 • M/M Victor J. Jamal, NY, 100 • 100 • M/M N. H. Krikorian, NM, 100 • M/M Mukhtarian, TX, 150 • M/M Jack Mullen, CA, Dorian, CA, 100 • Donna Dorian-Wall, TN, 100 • George B. Jamgochian &Kim Dorian, NY, 150 • Serge Krikorian, NJ, 100 • M/M Hovsep K. 100 • Haig M. Mullian, Ml, 350 • M/M Jack A. M/M Ara G. Dourgarian, CA, 100 • Dorothy M/M Marc S. Janigian, Rl, 100 • M/M Arpiar Krikorian, NY, 100 • Sarkis Kurkjian, CA, 100 • Muradliyan, CA, 100 • Bill Murphy, NY, 250 • Dreier, CA, 100 • M/M Mihran Dukmejian, NY, Janoyan, CA, 100 • M/M George Javian, NY, M/M Russell H. Kushigian, IN, 100 • Raffi G. Karol Tiryak Myers, PA, 100 • Mark A. Naha- 100 • M/M Dick Dulgarian, CA, 100 • Albert 100 • M/M Shahe Jebejian, NJ, 100 • M/M Allan Kutnerian, NY, 250 • M/M Artin Kuyumcu, CA, bedian, CA, 250 • M/M Fred Nahabedian, CA, Dulgerian, NY, 100 • Ardemis Ejdaharian, CA, Jendian , CA, 100 • Noubar Jessourian, NJ, 100 100 • Lake Forest Int. Club, IL, 250 • Prof/M 100 • Dr/M Kevork V. Nahabedian, ME, 100 • 300 • Mari Ekmekciyan, DC, 100 • Dr/M • Sarah Julian, NY, 100 • Mardiros M. Juskal- Hamo Lalehzarian, CA, 100 • Elizabeth Yasharia M/M John Nahigian, Rl, 100 • Dr/M Martin S. Garabed Eknoyan, TX, 100 • Anahid Eleazarian, ian, PA, 450 • Col/M George Juskalian , VA, 150 Latukka, OH, 125 • M/M Ronald F. Leap, IL, Nahigian, CA, 100 • M/M Ralph Nahigian, CA, CA, 200 • Zareh Eliazarian, NY, 100 • M/M • M/M Albert Kabak, Ml, 100 • M/M Albert Kab- 125 • Michael Lipit, NY, 100 • M/M Armen B. 100 • Dr/M Stanley H. Nahigian, OH, 100 • Hagop Elmayan , IL, 100 • M/M Armen Enk- rielian, CA, 125 • Gary T. Kachadurian, IL, 250 • Loosararian, MD, 150 • Prof Ann Marie Lousin, Mark Najarian, AE, 100 • Nora Najarian , NY, ababian, MD, 100 • Aznive Erganian, CA, 150 • Donald H. Kafafian, CA, 100 • Herman Kalagian, IL, 100 • Dr/M Norman Madanyan , IL, 250 • 100 • Ohannes A. Najarian, CA, 100 • Sarah Krikor Ermonian, MA, 100 • M/M Nishan Eski- TX, 100 • Art Kalajyan, CA, 100 • Alice A. Kalay- Zare D. Makasjian, CA, 100 • Martin K. Mak- Nakashian, MA, 100 • Vartges Nargizian, CA, jian, CA, 100 • Silva Ficici, Ml, 125 • M/M John djian, NY, 100 • Alexander Kaloostian, MA, 100 boulian, NY, 100 • Diran Malajian, NJ, 250 • 100 • Delbert G. Narsasian, NY, 100 • Rose S. P. Foley, NY, 100 • Robert B. Gagosian, MA, • Ardemis Kalousdian, Ml, 100 • Gregory Kal- M/M Perry A. Maljian, CA, 300 • Dr/M George Nash, TN, 125 • National Westminster Bank, 100 • Massis Galestian, CA, 100 • Dr. Lionel S. oustian, NY, 250 • M/M Serope Kalpakjian, IL, D. Malkasian, Jr., MN, 150 • M/M Theodore NY, 250 • Dr/M Sarkis M. Nazarian, AR, 250 • Galstaun, CT, 100 • Chuck Garabadian, SC, 100 350 • M/M Peter Kalustian, NJ, 125 • Neubar Malkasian, FL, 100 • Harry Manawelian, PA, M/M Alexander Nazarian, CA, 100 • Mark L. • Dr. Viken L. Garabedian, CA, 200 • M/M Kamalian, MD, 100 • A. Armen Kandarian, CA, 100 • Major/M Jake T. Manchesian, TX, 100 • Nazarian, CA, 100 • Kenneth J. Nersesian, NY, Armen Garabedian, NJ, 100 • Garbes Garabed­ 100 • Zaven Kanneian, CA, 250 • Allison Kapo- M/M Olvi L. Mangasarian, Wl, 150 • M/M Toros 125 • Richard A. Nersesian, NY, 125 • M/M ian, PA, 100 • Dr. Mark C. Garabedian, NY, 100 ian, NJ, 100 • M/M Robert Kaprelian, IL, 150 • H. Mangassarian, NY, 200 • Peter Y. Manguri- Michael Nersesian, CA, 100 • M/M John G. • Dr. Herand Garapetyan, Ml, 250 • M/M Nubar M/M Elmer F. Kaprielian, CA, 100 • M/M Her­ an, CA, 100 • M/M Victor Manian, Wl, 100 • Nicoll, NJ, 100 • Gohar Nigosian, CA, 100 • Garibyan, CA, 100 • Louise Yacoubian Garofalo, bert A. Kaprielian, CA, 100 • Vahan Karaba- M/M Ara Manoogian, MA, 125 • Shavarsh Vahe Nishanian, NY, 100 • Alba M. Noorian, NJ, NY, 100 • M/M Henry Gasparian, FL, 150 • jakian, PA, 100 • Hilda P. Karakash, MN, 250 • Manoogian, MA, 125 • Hagop L. Manoogian, 200 • M/M John M. Noraian, Ml, 200 • Dr/M Helen Gayeakian, NY, 100 • M/M Robert H. M/M Eli Y. Karalian, NJ, 100 • Dr/M Robert Kar- MA, 100 • Paul J. Manoogian, PA, 100 • Tak- Ernest A. Norehad, WA, 200 • Anna Marie Nore- George, VA, 100 • M/M Robert H. George, Jr., alian, CA, 100 • Ruth Karapetian, Ml, 100 • M/M ouhi Manoogian, NY, 100 • Aram M. Manouk- had, IL, 100 • M/M Michael S. Norehad, IL, 100 PA, 100 • M/M Seb A. Gertmenian, CA, 100 • Karnig B. Karayan, CA, 100 • Sam P. Karian, ian, NY, 100 • M/M Robert S. Manselian, CA, • M/M Edward G. Norian, NJ, 100 • M/M Arpy Ghanimian, CA, 100 • Dr/M Krikor P. CA, 100 • Movses Karkazian, CA, 150 • Dorothy 100 • M/M Emil Mansoorian, CA, 200 • Dr. Car­ Edward A. Norigian, Rl, 155 • M/M George F. Ghazarian, OH, 100 • Misho K. Ghazarian, CA, Kash, Wl, 100 • M/M Ronald M. Kashian, IL, men Mansourian & Sten W. Bergman, NJ, 100 Norsigian, CT, 100 • M/M Henry Moughamian, 100 • Dr/M Vatche Ghazarian, MA, 100 • M/M 200 • James Kashian, Esq., CA, 100 • Prof. • H. A. Mantashian, NJ, 100 • M/M Nurhan IL, 100 • M/M Geghair Ohan, CA, 100 • Dr/M Simon Ghoorchian, CA, 100 • M/M Kevork Sahag Kasnakjian, CA, 110 • Soghomon Kas- Manukian, FL, 100 • M/M J. Manukyan, CA, 300 Mihran J. Ohanian, FL, 250 • Dr/M Neshan V. Ghourdjian, CO, 125 • John Giragosian, Sr., Ml, nakjian, CA, 200 • M/M Murat S. Kasparian, NY, • Ara K. Marangosian, NJ, 100 • Alec Marcar, Ohanian, Ml, 200 • Mary Ohanian, NY, 170 • 100 • Florence Glorian, FL, 100 • M/M Armenag 225 • Deron Kasparian, TX, 115 • M/M Vahe CA, 100 • M/M Samuel Mardian, Jr., AZ, 100 • M/M Eric H. Ohanian, OH, 1 0 0 ‘ Therese Ohan­ L. Goganian, CA, 100 • Ida Gononian, Ml, 250 • Kasparian, NJ, 100 • M/M Vasken L. Kassabian, Amb. Jack Maresca, DC, 100 • Mike Mardirian, ian, NJ, 100 • M/M John Ohanyan, Ml, 100 • Julia Gopoian, IL, 100 • Edward Gorgorian, IL, NY, 225 • M/M Simon A. Kassabian, CA, 100 • Lebanon, 100 • Garo Mardirossian, CA, 250 • Regina E. Ohanyan, NJ, 100 • Margaret Okna- 200 • M/M Joseph Gorvetzian, TX, 300 • Dr/M M/M Sarkis Kassardjian, CA, 250 • M/M Vahan M/M John W. Margosian, MD, 125 • Albert ian, Ml, 100 • M/M Apkar G. Omartian, NY, 400 Gerard M. Goshgarian, IL, 200 • Zabelle Gos- Kavafyan, CO, 300 • M/M Paul H. Kayaian, NY, Margosian, Lebanon, 100 • Diana Markarian, • M/M Steven N. Omartian, MA, 175 • Armen S. yan, CA, 100 • Dr/M Nishan Goudsouzian, MA, 250 • Anna Kayaloff, NY, 200 • Jack H. Kazan- CA, 185 • M/M Alexander P. Markarian, NJ, 100 Ondjanian-Elliott, PA, 100 • Elsie Topalian 125 • Manuel Govjanian, Ml, 100 • M/M Grant jian, Ml, 250 • Charles Kazanjian, PA, 200 • • M/M Grish G. Markarian, CA, 100 • M/M Loris Oppenheim, DC, 100 • M/M Karnik Oskanian, H. Gray, Rl, 200 • J. Harry Gray, Rl, 100 • M/M M/M Hapet Kazanjian, CA, 200 • David P. Kazar­ Markarian, NY, 100 • M/M Mark Markarian, MA, CA, 100 • Jerry Ourlian, OH, 100 • M/M Oksent William T. Green, Sr., IL, 105 • M/M Henry Gre­ ian, CA, 100 • Mary Kazarian, MA, 100 • Robert 100 • M/M Puzant Markarian, NJ, 100 • M/M M. Ousdigian, MN, 100 • Armen Haig Ovhane- gorian, MN, 125 • M/M Arsen I. Gregorian, CA, Kazaryan, WA, 100 • Dr. Gregory J. Kechejian, Sarkis P. Markarian, IL, 100 • M/M Siva Martin, sian, Ml, 100 • Dr. Zaruhi Ozutucuyan, NY, 100 100 • M/M Michael M. Guchigian, PA, 100 • MA, 100 • Dr/M Nishan Kechejian, MA, 100 • IL, 125 • Gloria A. Martin, Wl, 100 • Ramela • M/M Larry A. Pahigian, MA, 100 • Dr. Edward Dr/M Berj A. Gueyikian, IL, 100 • M/M Shahe Dr/M Paul Kechijian, NY, 250 • M/M Andrew Martin, FL, 100 • Arakel H. Martirossian, CA, Paloyan, IL, 100 • M/M Andrea Pampanini, NY, Guiragossian, CA, 100 • Nevart C. Gulezian, PA, Kelarjian, CA, 100 • M/M Edward J. Keledjian, 100 • George Martirossian, MA, 100 • AGBU 450 • M/M Ohanes J. Panosian, NY, 225 • M/M 100 • M/M Hirant Gulian, NJ, 100 • Honorable/ IL, 100 • Ney Kerestegian, FL, 100 • M/M John New England District, MA, 100 • Prof Matthew Bedros Panosyan, IL, 100 • M/M George B. M Vincent Gurahian, NY, 100 • Sarkis A. Gurun- Kerkezian, CA, 250 • M/M Levon Keshishian, S. Mashikian, CT, 100 • Dr/M Armen Matigian, Papalian, NY, 100 • M/M Arthur Papasian, FL, ian, NJ, 100 • Dr/M Henry A. Hadidian, IN, 100 CA, 100 • Dr. Marc Keshishian, Ml, 100 • Sonia NY, 100 • Dr/M Zare Mazlumian, NY, 200 • 100 • Emmy Papazian, CA, 250 • Richard G. • M/M Zareh Hadidian, MA, 100 • M/M Asadour Keshishian, CA, 100 • M/M Hartoon Keshmesh- M/M Suren Mazlumyan, CA, 200 • Miriam K. Papazian, NY, 300 • Dr. Dennis R. & Dr. Mary

AGBU 33 E. Papazian, Ml, 100 • Dr. John M. Papazian, M/M Alfred C. Takooshian, CA, 100 • M/M Tony Shahe Abrahamian, CA, 15 • Danny Abraham­ FL, 20 • Jack Apovian, NY, 75 • M/M Vahe NY, 100 • M/M Richard Papazian, NY, 100 • Tanashian, CA, 200 • M/M Haig D. Tarpinian, ian, CA, 10 • M/M Herand Abrahamyan, NY, 25 Aprahamian, IA, 50 • Ara Aprahamian, CA, 25 • William H. Papazian, CT, 100 • Dorothy Papaz­ FL, 200 • M/M Dennis R. Tarzian, NJ, 250 • • Norman Abrams, OR, 25 • Sarkis Abrillian, Armen A. Aprahamian, CA, 25 • Ana L. Aprizian, ian, NY, 100 • M/M Vasken Paragamian, PA, Armen Tashjian, CA, 100 • G. Tashjian, CA, 200 CA, 10 • Anayis Acemyan, CA, 25 • Marie Ach- MA, 25 • Sarkis Apyan, Wl, 50 • Robert V. Ara­ 100 • M/M Philip Paregian, NY, 100 • Agop • Gen/M Michael J. Tashjian, CA, 100 • Sam A. djian, CA, 25 • Berj A. Achekian, CA, 25 • bian, CA, 50 • M/M Jack J. Arabian, NJ, 25 • Parnoutsoukian, CA, 250 • Ara R. Parseghian, Tashjian, NV, 100 • Dr. Edward 0. Tasian, TX, Akshen Adelizzi, FL, 25 • David Gregory Adish- Robert Arachelian, CA, 80 • Sahag Arakelian, IN, 250 • Fransuhi Partikoglu, NY, 200 • Garo A. 100 • M/M John O. Tate, MA, 100 • Ruby Tate- ian II, CA, 15 • Berjouhi Adourian, NY, 25 • CA, 50 • M/M Karnik B. Arakelyan, NY, 50 • Partoyan, VA, 250 • M/M Robert Pashaian, GA, osian, CA, 100 • M/M Mardiros Tatosian, IL, Mary Adourian, NY, 25 • Veronica A. Adrian, M/M Nazar Aramian, CA, 25 • Alice A. Arana, 100 • M/M John Pashayan, CA, 100 • M/M 100 • M/M Zohrab K. Tazian, IN, 100 • Shant NY, 50 • M/M H. John Adzigian, FL, 25 • Dr. CA, 50 • M/M Berc Araz, NJ, 50 • Sue Ardouny, Sarkis Paskalian, NJ, 400 • Bonnie Paster, NY, Tcholakian & Dianna Tcholakian, NY, 250 • Rouben V. Aftandelians, CA, 50 • M/M Hrayr NY, 25 • Jack Arisian, CT, 25 • Vartan G. Arkan- 100 • Dr/M Ara S. Patapoutian, AZ, 250 • M/M M/M Kegham V. Tcholakian, NY, 100 • Avadis Agababian, Ml, 50 • M/M Haig H. Agababian, ian, IL, 35 • Dr. Osep E. Armagan, IL, 50 • Mar­ Vartan Paylan, IL, 100 • Sybil M. Pechdimaldji, Teelimian, NY, 100 • Dr/M Sarkis Telfeyan, NY, MA, 25 • Richy Agajanian, CA, 25 • Marjorie D. garet Armaganian, Wl, 25 • John L. Armen, NJ, NY, 100 • M/M Haig Pedian, IL, 100 • M/M 250 • Daphne E. Telfeyan, NY, 100 • M/M Larry Agajanian, CA, 10 • M/M Artin Agasyan, NJ, 50 25 • Helen Armoudlian, Ml, 25 • Dr/M Leo A. Mardiros B. Petrossian, MA, 100 • M/M George L. Telian, NY, 100 • Martin L. Tellalian, IL, 100 • • M/M Martin Agegian, CA, 25 • M/M Nishan M. Aroian, NY, 50 • M/M Van M. Aroian, MA, 25 • Philibosian, NJ, 250 • M/M Bedros Piandarian, Lucy V. Tembeck, NY, 100 • M/M Solomon Ter- Aghajanian, OH, 25 • Adele Aghazadian, NY, 50 Zaven A. Aroian & Ruth M. Aroian, MA, 25 • NJ, 100 • Dem T. Pilafian, AZ, 100 • Dorothea ian, Ml, 100 • M/M Arsen Terjimanian, Ml, 100 • Abraham E. Aghbashian, Wl, 50 • M/M M/M Richard A. Aronian, IL, 20 • M/M Christo­ S. Piranian, MA, 100 • Souren Pirjanian, CA, • M/M Aram C. Terlemezian, NJ, 125 • Karoun Antranik Aghdamlian, MA, 50 • M/M Noubar pher K. Arsenian, Rl, 30 • Arsine Arsenian, CA, 100 • M/M Asbed H. Pogharian, CA, 100 • Terterian, Ml, 100 • M/M Robert G. Tertzakian, Aghishian, CA, 50 • Yervant Aghishian, CA, 25 • 25 • Dr. Armen H. Arslanian, GA, 50 • M/M James C. Poloshian, CT, 200 • Roman A. Pour- Rl, 100 • Marten Terzian, NY, 130 • Haig Terz- Zizi Aghopian, CA, 10 • Noubar Agopian, CA, 25 Krikor Arslanian, NJ, 50 • Lucine E. Arslanian, mand, CA, 100 • M/M Charles Prestigiacomo, ian, CA, 100 • Henry M. Terzian, Ml, 100 • • Dr. Arsenio G. Agopovich, NY, 50 • Natalie G. OH, 50 • Dr. Silva Arslanian, PA, 50 • M/M Paul Wl, 100 • M/M Ara K. Pridjian, IL, 100 • M/M Richard Terzian, IL, 150 • Honorable /M Dick- Aharonian, MA, 50 • Gregory Aiqouni, NY, 5 • T. Arslanian, OH, 25 • M/M Raffi Arslanian, Sr., John B. Rapiel, FL, 100 • Dino M. Rizzo, NJ, ran Tevrizian, CA, 100 • John Thomas, NJ, 200 Richard Ajemian, NY, 75 • Dr. James A. Ajem- CA, 25 • Charles S. Arslanian, CA, 20 • M/M 100* M/M Tomic T. Romson, HI, 100* Anne • Dovie Tilbian, NJ, 150 • M/M Sarkis Tokat, IL, ian, CA, 50 • Rose Ajemian, NY, 25 • Frances Thomas Arthin, PA, 10 • M/M Haroutioun Nalbandian Ross , NJ, 100 • R. Rostamian, 100 100 • M/M Melik Tokatlian, NY, 200 • Araks V. Ajoian, CA, 25 • Khatchik H. Akatcherian, CA, Artine, CA, 50 • Taleen S. Artunian, CA, 25 • • Larry K. Rustigian, CA, 100 • Bessie M. Ruz- Tolegian, CA, 135 • M/M George Tookmanian, 25 • Taquhi Akillian, IL, 10 • Alan P. Akmakjian, Kenneth A. Arutunian, CA, 25 • M/M S. Alexan­ ian, PA, 125 • Paul Sagherian, Jr., CT, 100 • NJ, 300 • M/M Martin A. Toomajian, NY, 100 • CA, 10 • Michael Alekian, CA, 75 • Mihran Alek- der Arutunjan, NY, 1 0 * M/M Paul Arzooman- M/M Peter S. Sahagian, MA, 100 • Dr. George M/M Charles Topjian, CA, 100 • M/M Atanagh- J. Sahakian, CA, 100 • Dr/M Ohannes Sahakian ine A. Topsacalian, NY, 100 • M/M Varoujan M. Standing room only at the AGBU sponsored , MD, 100 • Alex Saharian, IN, 100 • M/M Torikian, CA, 100 • M/M Edward Torosian, NJ, Stephen B. Samerjan, Jr., CA, 250 • Prof/M 100 • M/M Hrant Torossian, CA, 200 • M/M sanian, CA, 50 • Grace Alexan- Armenian Philharmonic Orchestra, Yerevan. Avedis K. Sanjian, CA, 125 • M/M Vart Sapah- Dickran Toumajan , Ml, 125 • M/M Artine K. Guiian, NJ, 150 • Peter Sarafian, NJ, 100 • Dr/M Toumayan, CA, 100 • M/M Hagop J. Touryantz, ian, NY, 50 • M/M Nicholas P. Aram M. Sarajian, NJ, 125 • Dr. Jirair N. Sarian, NY, 200 • M/M Haig R. Turnamian, NJ, 100 • CA, 100 • Dr/M Norair N. Sarian, CA, 100 • M/M Arda Unjian, FL, 125 • Oxana H. Uze, KY, 100 • Alexanian, MA, 25 • Ruby R. Alexanian, CA, 10 ian, NY, 50 • Elmas Arzoomanian, Rl, 25 • Prof Robert H. Sarkisian, PA, 250 • Frances Sar­ Prof/M Paul Vahanian, NJ, 350 • Robert Vah- kisian, PA, 100 • Robert Sarkisian, Ml, 100 • radian, NY, 100 • M/M Hagop G. Vanerian, Ml, • Serge Alexanian, CA, 10 • Agnes Aljian, NJ, 5 Ralph S. Arzoomanian, CT, 20 • Myrtle Arzoo­ Alex Sarkissian, CA, 250 • M/M Aram Sarkiss- 100 • Kirakos Vapurciyan, Ml, 150 • M/M ian, NY, 250 • Haroutioun R. Sarkissian, CA, Shanoor Varjabedian, IL, 100 • Vatche Varja- • Gertrude Allalemdjian, NY, 25 • Raffi Allaverdi, manian, Rl, 10 • Archie Arzooyan, CA, 25 • 100 • Khajag Sarkissian, CA, 200 • M/M Arthur bedian, NJ, 100 • Mher Vartanian, AK, 300 • Saroyan , CA, 200 • Mark Saroyan, CA, 100 • M/M Razmik Vartanian, CA, 250 • M/M Siragan NJ, 20 • Kirk Altoonian, CA, 25 • Ronald M. Beatrice Arzoumanian, NY, 75 • Harry Asa- M/M Leon D. Sarquis, CA, 100 • M/M Sami Vartanian, CA, 100 • M/M Vartan Vartanian, Rl, Sawaya, IN, 100 • Kirk Sayian, MA, 100 • M/M 100 • Sevan Varteressian & Ani H. Ouzounian, Amatriain, CA, 5 • Satenik Ambarian, CA, 50 • doorian, FL, 25 • Suran Asadoorian, Rl, 25 • Berg H. Scheghtayan, IL, 100 • M/M Hayg A. CA, 100 • M/M Hagop Vartivarian, NJ, 100 • Seferian, NY, 175 • M/M Vartan Seferian, IL, M/M Sarkis K. Vartouguian, CA, 100 • Allan A. America A. Ubeda, CA, 30 • Constance B. Angel D. Asadoorian, MA, 10 • Dr. Arthur E. 151 • M/M Harout Seferian, IL, 100 • Michael Viscardi, NJ, 100 • James P. Vizigian, CA, 250 • Selegian, NY, 100 • M/M Harry R. Selverian, Dr. Michael J. Voskian, NJ, 100 • Dr. Victoria Amick, Ml, 25 • Dr. Gerard T. Amirian, MA, 75 • Asadorian, NY, 50 • Edward G. Asadorian, IL, PA, 250 • Dr/M Aram Semerdjian, IN, 200 • Voskian, NJ, 100 • M/M Harry Walton, CA, 200 M/M Sarkis Serdarian, FL, 150 • Dr/M Nubar • M/M Berge Wassilian, CA, 100 • M/M Thomas Christine C. Amirian, NY, 50 • M/M Vahe Amiri­ 50 • Kari Asadorian, OH, 25 • Ohanez Asarian, Sethian, CA, 150 • M/M Robert H. Setrakian, Rl, S. White, NY, 350 • Annick Winkler, CA, 300 • 250 • Dr/M Sebouh Setrakian, OH, 100 • Dr/M M/M Robert Witherspoon, DC, 100 • M/M an, NJ, 25 • Hamlet Amirkhanian, CA, 50 • NY, 25 • Andranik Asatryan, CA, 16.99 • Lili John A. Shabaglian, PA, 300 • M/M Haig W. George S. Yacoubian, Sr., PA, 100 • M/M Var­ Shabazian, NJ, 100 • M/M Gilbert Shahbaz, NJ, tan Yaghsezian, CA, 200 • James A. Yakligian, Major/M Benjamin Amirkhanian , CA, 25 • Rima Asaturyan, CA, 40 • Assadour M. Ashdjian, NY, 100 • Harry Shahinian, CA, 100 • M/M John CA, 250 • M/M John Yaldezian, CA, 100 • M/M Shahinian, FL, 100 • Linda Shahinian, CA, 100 • Arshak Yanikian, CA, 100 • Hasmig Yanke- Amirsaleh, NJ, 50 • M/M Charlie Ananian, CA, 50 • Sara Ashikian, IL, 50 • Anahid S. Ashjian, Sarkis Shahinian, CA, 100 • Jacques Shakarian, lovich, NY, 100 • M/M Avedis Yazicioglu, IL, CA, 150 • Jacqueline Shaldjian, NJ, 100 • Iva 110* M/M Garabed Yazidjian, NJ, 250 • Daniff 50 • Saroo Anbarchian, MD, 50 • M/M Paul K. PA, 75 • M/M Nubar M. Ashjian, MA, 25 • Shaljian, CA, 200 • M/M Bob M. Shamlian, CA, Yazijian, NY, 300 • Dorothy Yazijian, CA, 150 • 250 • Toros Shamlian, Jr., NY, 100 • M/M John Dr. Haig H. Yenikomshian, MD, 100 • Elina Andonian, Ml, 50 • M/M Paul J. Andonian, MA, George Aslanian, IL, 25 • Dr/M Vahe Aslanian, Shegerian, Esq., CA, 250 • M/M Ara A. Shep- Yeramian, CA, 250 • Dr/M Edward H. Yeterian, erdigian, Ml, 200 • Rosemond Shirinian, CA, ME, 200 • M/M Jack H. Youredjian, CA, 100 • 25 • Edward K. Andonian, CA, 10 • Theodore CA, 25 • M/M Arthur Assadourian, TX, 25 • 100 • Ruben Shirinian, NY, 150 • M/M Vahram M/M Hrant H. Yousoufian, NJ, 100 • Hrair Shirinian, CA, 100 • Dr/M Leo Shishmanian, Zadoian, CA, 100 • Berjouhie Zakarian, MA, 125 Andreasian, NY, 50 • Reverend Sarkis Andreas- Sonya M. Assadourian, CA, 25 • Leon Assarian, CA, 100 • M/M John S. Simonian, MD, 350 • • M/M Charles Zakarian, MD, 125 • Hrachia Leon Simonian, Jr., MA, 200 • M/M Max Zanazanian, CA, 100 • Charlotte Zaratzian, FL, sian, CA, 25 • Berdjouhi Andreassian, MA, 10 • IL, 25 • Helen Assatourian, CA, 25 • Ohannes Simonian, CA, 300 • Artine Simonian, CA, 150 • 100 • Ardases Zarikoglu , NY, 100 • Eugenie M/M Arman Simonian, IL, 100 • Armen I. Zartarian, MA, 250 • M/M Harry Zartarian, Ml, Victoria Angell, Rl, 25 • Anne Boyajian Angus, Atamian, CA, 25 • M/M George Atashkarian, CA, Simonian, CA, 100 • Dr. George S. Simonian, 200 • Zartarian Foundation, Rl, 100 • M/M IL, 100 • Simon Simonian, NY, 100 • M/M Kapriel Zavian, CA, 250 • M/M David Zenian, CA, 25 • Araxie C. Anjoorian, MA, 75 • Harry 25 • M/M Leo Atimion, CA, 75 • M/M Harry Simon A. Simonian, IL, 100 • Dr/M Gregory G. MD, 100 • Dr/M Joseph P. Zeronian, CA, 100 • Simsarian, CA, 100 • M/M Arsham H. Sinanian, Dr. Edward J. Zobian, PA, 200 • Dr/M Raffi L. Anjoorian, VA, 50 • Alice C. Anjoorian, FL, 25 • Atkian, OH, 25 • M/M Jasper R. Atkian, FL, 10 • CA, 100 • M/M Sinan Sinanian, CA, 100 • Dr/M Zohrabian, NY, 200 • Vroyer Zohrabian, MA, Reuben P. Siraganian, MD, 100 • M/M Artin 100 • M/M Ross H. Zoll, CT, 100 • Alina Zora- Anonymous, 84 • Anonymous, CT, 75 • Anony­ Mariam Attarian Bryer, NY, 50 • M/M Stephen Sirapyan, NY, 200 • Dianne Slobodnik, IL, 100 • ian, NJ, 250 • Araxie Zorian, FL, 100 • Rita Mary Semerjian Smith, NY, 100 • M/M Gary P. Zoroghlian, CA, 100 • M/M Gregory J. Zorthian, mous, PA, 25 • Anonymous, CA, 50 • Jack Avakian, MA, 75 • Vart Rose Avakian, CA, 50 • Snoonian, MA, 250 • Avedis Soghoian, LA, 100 CT, 100 • Arshaluys Zoryan, CA, 100 • Sylvia • M/M Harry G. Sogigian, MA, 100 • Arthur M. Zotian, CT, 100 • M/M Vaughn Zulalian, MA, Antablian, FL, 25 • M/M Paul Antaramian, CA, Earl P. Avakian, OH, 25 • George Avakian & Sogoian, Ml, 100 • Zenopia Sohigian, Ml, 100 • 250. M/M Jack Soultanian, NY, 100 • M/M Sarkis 25 • Agavni ArJekelyan, CA, 15 • M/M Kalut Anahid Ajemian, NY, 25 • M/M Lawrence J. Soultanian, NJ, 100 • M/M Peter Sourian, NY, Under $100 125 • Keganoush Stambolian, CT, 225 • M/M Antonian, NJ, 50 • Edward Z. Antonian, CA, 25 • Avakian, CA, 25 • Hon/M Spurgeon Avakian, Edward E. Stepanian, NJ, 100 • Leo M. Stepan- Peter Abaci, CA, 50 • Aram C. Abajian, NY, 50 • ian, PA, 100 • Sonia Stephanian, CA, 100 • Jack Abajian, NY, 30 • M/M Steven Abashian, Dorothy Antoyan, CA, 1 0 - M/M Vahe Antreas- CA, 25 • Virginia Avakian, CA, 25 • M/M Albert Janet P. Stone, Rl, 100 • Steve L. Suddjian, CA, NC, 75 • Robert Abdalian, OH, 50 • Dr/M H. 100 • Nishan Tabibian, CA, 100 • M/M Garbis I. Jack Abdulian, CA, 25 • M/M Suren Abeghian, yan, NJ, 50 • Colette D. Apelian, CA, 15 • B. Avanessian, CA, 50 • Vance Avazian, CA, 25 • Tabourian, NY, 100 • M/M Garo Taft, NY, 100 • CA, 25 • Andri G. Abelians, NY, 25 • Armena Yerchanik Tahminjian, CA, 100 • Gary G. Takes- Palouian P. Abernathy, TN, 25 • Noyemi Abez- Robert P. Apkarian, GA, 50 • Varsenick Apkari- Christopher A. Avdoian, MA, 25 • M/M Andrew sian, CA, 100 • Randolph S. Takian, Rl, 100 • etian, IL, 25 • Robert Abnous, CA, 50 • George Abrahamian, CA, 50 • Ara Abrahamian, CA, 15 • an, Ml, 25 • Ara Apkarian, CA, 10 • Jack Apoian, Avedesian, NJ, 25 • Lily Avedian, CA, 25 •

AGBU DONORS - 1993 Araxia Avedikian, FL, 25 • Edward Avedis, NY, llene A. Birge, Ml, 30 • Arsinne J. Black, CA, 25 • Rose Dabanian, Ml, 25 • Mary Dadekian, MA, AGBU Manoogian/Demirdjian 40 • M/M Alexander Avedis, NJ, 25 • Mary Ave- • Krikor S. Bodigian, NJ, 50 • Esther Bodossian, 50 • M/M George G. Dadian, MA, 10 • Dr. School com puter class, Canoga disian, NY, 30 • M/M Albert Avedisian, NY, 25 • NY, 50 • Oskan Bodossian, Ml, 25 • Dr/M Vahakn N. Dadrian, NY, 50 • Dr. Vahe Dadrian, Kachadour Avedisian, Rl, 25 • Charles Ave­ Robert M. Bogdasarian, NY, 25 • M/M Haig N. NY, 50 • Astrik Dagavarian, NY, 50 • M/M Harry Park, California disian, Rl, 10 • Jo-Ann Avedisian, Rl, 10 • M/M Boghosian, CA, 50 •Zarmine Boghosian, NY, 0. Dagavarian, NY, 50 • Isabelle Dagemjian, Charles Avsharian, Ml, 50 • Marian Avsharian, 50 • M/M Sarkis Boghosian, MA, 50 • Dr/M CA, 25 • Charles K. Dakarian, IL, 25 • M/M DerMatoian, CA, 50 • M/M Philip Derpilbosian, Ml, 50 • M/M George A. Aydinian, MD, 10 • Charles Boghosian, NC, 25 • M/M Edward Richard Dakesian, Ml, 50 • Nevart Dakhlian, Ml, PA, 25 • Madeleine Dersahakian, FL, 10 • Anta- Edna A. Ayvazian, MA, 50 • Suzanne Ayzoukian, Boghosian, Rl, 25 • Nevart Boghosian, NY, 25 • 25 • M/M Joseph Damato, FL, 25 • Grace A. ram Desteian, NY, 35 • Agnes Desteian, NJ, 25 CA, 25 • Barkev Azadian, CA, 15 • Harry Y. Aza- Samuel Boghossian, CA, 50 • M/M Varoujan Danielian, MD, 25 • Hamest Daniels, CA, 50 • • Sylvie Destian, MA, 10 • Vahide Deukmejian, dian, MA, 10 • M/M Hrant M. Azarian, NY, 50 • Boghossian, CA, 50 • M/M Aram Bogosian, CA, M/M Vrouyr Darbinian, CA, 20 • Anna B. Dard- CA, 50 • Ann Devejian, NY, 50 • M/M Vartan A. M/M Edward M. Azarian, NC, 25 • Aram Azna- 50 • M/M Eli Y. Bogosian, FL, 50 • Gregory E. arian, FL, 10 • Anita M. Darian, NY, 25 • Deverian, NY, 50 • M/M Haig Dikijian, NJ, 25 • vorian, Ml, 25 • William V. Aznavourian, Rl, 50 Bogosian, NJ, 50 • Eleanor Bogosian, FL, 25 • Michael Dasho, MA, 25 • Margaret Dauer, CA, Haig Dikranian, NY, 10 • M/M Garbis Diktas, IL, • M/M John Babaian, NY, 50 • M/M Michael M/M Kachie Bogosian, IL, 25 • Mark M. Bohig- 15 • M/M John Daufeldt, NY, 50 • M/M Harry 25 • Margaret A. Dildilian, NY, 50 • Richard G. Babaian, NY, 50 • Oksen Babakhanian, CA, 25 • ian, CA, 50 • Martin M. Bohigian, Jr., CA, 50 • Davidian, CA, 50 • M/M Sarkis Davidian, CA, 50 Dilian, WA, 15 • M/M John F. Dillon, MA, 25 • M/M Vartan Babakhanian, TX, 20 • George George Boiadjian, NJ, 45 • Rita Bojalian, CA, 15 • Arax Davidian, CA, 30 • M/M Sarkis Davidian, M/M Hagop Dilsizian, MA, 25 • M/M Vahe L. Babakian, NY, 25 • Sirarpi T. Babayan, NY, 50 • • Samuel Bokatzian, Jr., MD, 50 • M/M Myron MO, 20 • M/M Charles A. Davidian, CA, 10 • Dimijian, CA, 25 • M/M Dikran Dingilian, NY, 35 Vazgen Babayan, CA, 25 • M/M Yervant H. Boloyan, SC, 50 • Louise Bolson, NJ, 25 • M/M Paul Davis, MA, 50 • James Davis, NC, 20 • M/M Diran S. Dinjian, MA, 25 • Dr. Raffi Dish- Babayan, CA, 25 • M/M Raymond Babigan, DC, Mary Bonefant, MA, 10 • M/M Michael Bood- • M/M Hovhannes Davitian, CA, 50 • M/M David akjian, CA, 50 • Rima N. Dishakjian, NC, 50 • 50 • Clinton Babolian, MN, 80 • M/M Ashod akian, MA, 50 • James G. Boornazian, CA, 50 • Davitian, CA, 25 • Rose Z. Davitian, NY, 25 • Dana Disraeli, PA, 50 • Gregory Djanikian, PA, Baboorian, IL, 40 • M/M Eddy Y. Bachtiarian, M/M Charles Boornazian, CT, 25 • Bert Boorujy, M/M John Dayermanjian, CA, 20 • George De 25 • M/M Garabed Djenguerian, CA, 25 • M/M CA, 25 • Joseph Badasarian, MA, 25 • M/M NJ, 10 • M/M Napoleon P. Boretti, AZ, 25 • Cervantes, CA, 25 • M/M Ara Dedeian, NJ, 25 • John Dlouhy, WA, 17 • Dicky Khanjian Dodd, Andrew Bagdasarian, PA, 50 • M/M Ara A. Bag- M/M Lee Bousian, CA, 25 • Grace E. Bousian, M/M Sarkis Dedeian, PA, 10 • George Dedek- CA, 25 • M/M Cricor S. Dolmaian, NY, 50 • dasarian, OH, 50 • Helen Bagdasarian, CA, 10 • CA, 10 • Jane Majian Bowen, PA, 50 • Suren ian, CA, 50 • M/M Vartan Dedekian, NY, 35 • M/M Christopher S. Donabedian, CA, 50 • Haig Elizabeth Bagdigian, MA, 25 • M/M Antranik Boy, CT, 50 • Alice Boyajian, CA, 50 • Jill Boya- M/M Nuran Degirmencioglu, CA, 50 • Zarouhi Donabedian, CA, 50 • Eli Donabedian, CA, 25 • Baghdoian, Ml, 25 • Raffi Bahadorian, CA, 15 • jian, IL, 50 • M/M Karney Boyajian, IL, 50 • Nel­ D. Deloian, VA, 25 • M/M Jean-Jacques Demer- M/M Franck Donabedian, CA, 10 • Michael M/M John Bahadurian, Ml, 15 • Hamlet lie N. Boyajian, NV, 50 • M/M Richard Deran jian, NJ, 50 • M/M Peter J. Demerjian, MA, 50 • Donigian, MD, 25 • Ted M. Doniguian, CA, 25 • Bahramian, CA, 35 • Joseph C. Baillargeon, Boyajian, PA, 50 • Leon Boyajian, NY, 40 • George Demirdjian, CA, 50 - Avedis Demirdjian, Naomi V. Donoian, Ml, 25 • M/M Daniel D ooly, WA, 25 • M/M Suren Bajakian, MA, 25 • Eliza­ Aram Boyajian, NY, 25 • Arax Boyajian, NY, 25 CA, 25 • Gregory Demirdjian, IL, 25 • M/M Yer­ NJ, 50 • Richard M. Dorian, NJ, 25 - Ara Dos- beth A. Baker, GA, 25 • M/M Vahe Baladouni, • Leo Boyajian, FL, 25 • Dr. Socrates Boyajian, vant Demirjian, CA, 75 • M/M Richard N. Dem- tourian, GA, 10 • Greta Doumanian, IL, 50 • LA, 50 • Lucy Boyan Balakian, FL, 15 • Dorothy MD, 25 • Lori A. Boyajian, KS, 20 • M/M Aram irjian, CA, 50 • Meline Demirjian, MA, 25 • Vas- John Doumanian, IL, 50 • Leo Doumanian, IL, Baldadian, NJ, 50 • Kajak Y. Balekjian, MD, 25 • J. Boyajian, CA, 10 • M/M Armen Boyd, CA, 35 ken Demirjian, NY, 25 • Vasken Demirjian, CA, 50 • Iris H. Dragan, CA, 25 • Alan S. Drohan, Arpine Balekjian, NY, 10 • Arthur Balian, Wl, 50 • M/M Paul H. Bozajian, CA, 50 • M/M George 25 • Jirair D. Der Barseghian, Wl, 50 • Arax A. Esq., NY, 25 • Nubar Dudian, NY, 50 • Ethel J. • Haig Balian, CA, 50 • V. Balian, Australia, 50 • Bozian, NJ, 25 • Marion Bramley, Rl, 25 • M/M Der Boghosian, NJ, 25 • M/M Boghos Der Duffett, FL, 50 • Nevart Dukmejian, NY, 75 • M/M Zohrab Balian, IL, 50 • K. Balian, CA, 25 • Robert E. Brazell, Ml, 10 • Marie J. Bremmer, Ghazarian, NJ, 50 • Dr. Lucy Der Manuelian, Richard K. Dulgarian, Rl, 40 • Lora E. Dunetz, Zareh Balian, VA, 25 • George Balian, NJ, 10 • MA, 25 • Margaret Bridge, Ml, 25 • Cynthia A. MA, 50 • Violette Der Minassian, VA, 50 • M/M NJ, 10 • Celia Duval, NY, 50 • M/M Craig Dzovi- M/M Vartan Baligian, Rl, 10 • Annie Balikian, Broussalian, CA, 50 • Dr/M Sarkis L. Broussal- Movses Der Movsesian, CA, 50 • M/M Bob Der gian, Ml, 25 • Carol Edgarian, CA, 50 • Ann MA, 50 • Dr. Jirayr P. Balikian, MA, 50 • Emma ian, CA, 25 • M/M Stanley P. Brown, NY, 50 • Mugrdechian, CA, 50 • Alyssa R. Der Mugrd- Eghigian, IL, 25 • M/M George Eguinlian, MA, Balikian, CA, 50 • Yenovk P. Balikian, CA, 50 • M/M Richard Burnett, NM, 50 • Amy M. Burns, echian, CA, 6 • Philip S. Der Mugrdechian, CA, 50 • Gregory H. Ekizian, FL, 50 • M/M Misak Stella Balikian, CA, 25 • Manuel Balikian, CA, 25 PA, 50 • Christine Hodson Burt, CA, 25 • Marie 2 • M/M Paul Der Ohannesian, NY, 50 • Aram Ekizian, CA, 50 • Arman Ekmekjian, CA, 10 • • Gary Balikian, CA, 15 • Anna N. Ballarian, CA, Cabayan, Wl, 10 • M/M Mark Cady, Ml, 25 • Der Stepanian, CA, 25 • M/M Hagop K. Der Nellie Ekmekjian, CA, 10 • M/M Jon R. Ember, 25 • Vincent Bandoian & John Gomis, NY, 50 • Dr/M Thomas P. Cahraman, CA, 50 • Philip C. Stepanian, CA, 25 • M/M Albert Der Tatevasian, IL, 50 • M/M Charles J. Enoch, Jr., CA, 25 • A. Lee Banner, NY, 25 • M/M Douglas Barasatian, Calian, IL, 50 • M/M Varujan Caliskan, IL, 50 • NY, 10 • M/M Diran Deranian, MA, 25 • Dr. H. Epranian, NY, 50 • Barbara Erckman, IL, 50 • PA, 20 • M/M Thomas C. Bardakian, NY, 50 • Arax P. Calian, CA, 50 • M/M Michael A. Canale, Martin Deranian, MA, 25 • M/M Ara N. Derapra- M/M Aram Erganian, CA, 75 • M/M Philip Erick­ M/M Levon K. Barmakian, NJ, 20 • A. Christine NY, 25 • M/M Douglas Canfield, NY, 50 • David hamian, CA, 50 • Donald C. Derby, AZ, 20 • son, CA, 25 • Jean M. Eroyan, FL, 40 • Vera Baron, CA, 75 • Dr/M Keesag Baron, CA, 75 • •L. Canfield, NY, 25 • Newart M. Capezza, FL, 25 Michael A. Derderian, NJ, 50 • M/M Nishan Erysian, CA, 25 • Rose Esaian, Wl, 25 • M/M Arsinoe Baron, CA, 50 • Dr. Dicran Baron, CA, • M/M Masa H. Caramanian, Ml, 10 • M/M Derderian, CA, 50 • Bebe Derderian, Rl, 25 • Manuel Esayian, DE, 50 • Elizabeth Essayian, 50 • George Baronian, NY, 50 • M/M Haig George Carapiet, CA, 50 • Andrew J. Cardinal, M/M George Derderian, IL, 25 • M/M Richard PA, 25 • Harutun Esserian, MA, 25 • E. Alice Baronian, CA, 10 • Charles T. Barooshian, CA, MD, 15 • Henry F. Cargen, NY, 50 • Michele P. D. Derderian, Rl, 25 • Sylvia Derderian, Rl, 25 • Essesian, NY, 25 • M/M Hovig O. Etian, CA, 50 50 • M/M John Barsamian, CA, 50 • Lisa P. Carlson, IL, 50 • Na’vaire J. Cartozian, OR, 50 • Kay Derderian, NY, 10 • Ralph A. Derderian, • Lillian K. Etmekjian, MA, 25 • Helen Dzovagian Barsamian, MA, 50 • V. Barsamian, CA, 50 • M/M Michael Depoian G. Casey, MA, 70 • Sarah CA, 10 • M/M Roger Derderian, Rl, 10 • Kachas Evans, Ml, 35 • M/M Fakhradian , CA, 20 • M/M Barsam S. Barsamian, MA, 25 • Khajag Casparian, Rl, 10 • M/M George W. Cassata, Derdiarian, CT, 25 • M/M Arman Derian, MA, Carol M. Falvey, MA, 25 • Charlotte T. Falvey, Barsamian, CA, 15 • Koko Barsoumian, CA, 15 CA, 50 • Prof David S. Cassidy, NY, 50 • Meline 50 • Dr/M Alan K. Derkazarian, MA, 50 • Brian MA, 25 • M/M Edward C. Farhadian, CA, 50 • • Dr. John Bashian, OH, 25 • M/M Diran A. Bas- S. Cassidy, Ml, 25 • Dora Chakarian, VA, 25 • Dr. Larry R. Farsakian, IL, 50 • M/M Souren madjian, CA, 10 • M/M George Basmagian, CA, Queenie C. Chakerian, CA, 25 • M/M Roupen Farsakian, CA, 50 • Melina Fayroian, Ml, 25 • 25 • M/M Armen G. Basmajian, NJ, 50 • Vir­ Chakerian, CA, 25 • M/M Bedros Chakmakjian, ginia Basmajian, MA, 10 • Dr. Leon B. Basta- CA, 50 • M/M George Chakoian, Rl, 25 • Sevag jian, MA, 50 • M/M Dickran W. Bastajian, CA, Chalian, CA, 15 • Anne Chalupa, PA, 10 • 25 • M/M Sarkis Bastermajian, IL, 30 • Dr/M George Chamalian, NY, 25 • Peter Chamian, Harold R. Battersby, NY, 60 • S. Peter CA, 50 • Paige L. Chandler, CA, 25 • Paul B. Bayekian, Ml, 25 • M/M Levon M. Bayindiryan, Chaputian, NY, 50 • John C. Charkoudian, MA, IL, 50 • M/M Robert A. Bear, NJ, 25 • Satenig 25 • Alan Chase, IL, 50 • M/M Garbabed Chat- Beberian, NJ, 50 • M/M Walter V. Bebirian, NY, majian, CA, 25 • Marge Chavooshian, NJ, 50 • 50 • Richard T. Bedeian, NY, 40 • M/M Alfred M/M Earl Cheeseman, CA, 20 • George Chelak- N. Bederman, IL, 50 • Lisa R. Bedian, MO, 50 • ian, NY, 25 • Dr. Jack A. Chelebian, NY, 50 • M/M Arman Bedonian, NY, 50 • Dawn Bedros- Gia Chemsian, CA, 15 • M/M Robert Chenger- ian, CO, 50 • Isabelle A. Bedrosian, CA, 50 • ian, NY, 25 • Agop H. Cherbettchian, CA, 50 • M/M Robert Bedrosian, NJ, 50 • S. K. Bedros­ M/M Harry S. Cherken, Jr., PA, 50 • Ellen & ian, NJ, 50 • Bedros Bedrosian, IL, 25 • Haig S. Glen E. Chesnut, CA, 50 • M/M Tateos Chevian, Bedrosian, IL, 25 • Isabelle Bedrosian, IL, 25 • Rl, 10 • M/M Gary Chevikian, Ml, 20 • Haig- Asbed Bedrossian, CA, 50 • Newman Bedross- ouhie Chicknavorian, MA, 10 • Krikor Chiranian, ian, NY, 25 • Masis Beghian, CA, 20 • Hripsime CA, 15 • M/M Hachig Chobanian, Wl, 25 • M/M Bekiarian, CA, 25 • Sarah Beklian, CA, 10 • John S. Chobanian, TN, 25 • Chomaklou Corn- Hagop A. Belekdanian, NJ, 50 • Charles Belo- pat Society Inc., NY, 50 • Haig Choolagian, NJ, ian, CA, 50 • Victoria Beloian, CA, 50 • Aram 5 • Kenneth Chooljian, CA, 25 • M/M Earle A. Beloian, CA, 15 • Julie Beloian, CA, 15 • Isabelle Chorbagian, Ml, 25 • M/M Aram M. Choreban- Bendian, NJ, 25 • M/M Vahan E. Benglian, PA, ian, AZ, 25 • Dr. Jack R. Chulengarian, IL, 50 • 25 • Esra Bennathan, DC, 40 • Lucine Bennett, M/M Raffi Codilian, CA, 50 • John Colombos- CA, 25 • M/M Ovidiu Benni, NY, 25 • Manuel ian, MA, 25 • Computer Associates, NY, 50 • Berberian, FL, 50 • M/M Nerses Berberian, CA, Sirvart V. Condayan, NY, 25 • Evelyn K. Conroy, 50 • Dr. Nubar Berberian, MA, 25 • Henry A. CA, 50 • Edward A. Constantian, CA, 25 • M/M Berberian, SC, 25 • Robert H. Berberian, CA, 25 Harold M. Conway, Rl, 50 • M/M Harvey G. •Arax Berberian, NJ, 1 0 * Regine S. Berberian, Corbett, CA, 40 • Nelida Ferahian Y. Costantini, TX, 10 • Zabel Ann Berg, Rl, 50 • M/M Harold Wl, 50 • M/M Robert A. Cotton, NJ, 25 • Gail L. Bertelsen, NJ, 50 • Verna D. Bezazian, IL, 15 • Crane, CA, 50 • Alice Crane, CA, 10 • M/M M/M Sarkis Bezdjian, UT, 25 • Bicycle Country, Clarence Cretan, CA, 25 • M/M William Crisci, NY, 50 • M/M Zadour Bikarian, CA, 50 • Krikor NY, 50 • Edward M. Crosson, MA, 25 • M/M Bilangian, CA, 15 • Puzant Bilemjian, CA, 50 • Lou Crudele, NJ, 25 • Harry J. Dabagian, NJ, 25

t I AGBU 35 Thomas Fazio, NY, 40 • M/M Gregory Hagopian, CA, 15 • Lt. Col/M Jack Hagopian, FL, 25 • Alice Jevanian, NY, 25 • Adele D. Jibil- M/M Leon Kaloostian, Rl, 10 • M/M Albert S. Felikian, CA, 25 • Armine Fermanian & Ret., AL, 10 • Khonarig Hagopian, Rl, 10 • M/M ian, NJ, 50 • Arek Jibilian, CA, 25 • S. George Kalousdian, CA, 50 • Vincent Kalousdian, NY, Thomas T. Webb, CA, 50 • Beatrice K. Ara Haig, Ml, 50 • Florence Haig, NY, 50 • Ber- Jigarjian, MA, 50 • N.A. Jigergian, CA, 25 • 50 • M/M Harry Kaloustian, CA, 50 • M/M Fields, CA, 20 • Nairy Partamian Finn, joohy Haigazian, NJ, 75 • Haik S. Hakobian, Jr., Dirouhi B. Jingozian, CA, 35 • Beatrice L. John­ Robert O. Kaloustian, IL, 20 • Julia Kalpakjian, CA, 50 • Patty Flanagan, NY, 25 • CA, 50 • Agnes Halajian, CA, 25 • Michael Hal- son, NY, 50 • Diana J. Johnson, MA, 50 • Vir­ FL, 25 • Sam Kalunian, CA, 25 • M/M Vahe Martha Fleury, Rl, 25 • Mary L. Foess, ebian, Jr., NJ, 50 • M/M Douglas D. Haledjian, ginia Jooharigian, Ml, 25 • Brightness Jorjor- Kalust, NY, 25 • M/M Shavarsh Kanarian, CA, Ml, 5 • Edward Frankian, Rl, 50 • Mar­ NJ, 50 • Grace S. Haledjian, NJ, 50 • Prof/M. ian, Rl, 10 • Rev. Father Varoujan Kabaradjian, 50 • Aaron Kandarian, CA, 10 • Harry K. Kantar- lene O. Fredette, NY, 25 • M/M Leo Hamalian, NY, 25 • Abraham Hamamdjian, IL, 25 • M/M Zorob J. Kabodian, Ml, 40 • Astrid ian, VA, 50 • M/M Migirdic Kapamaci, CA, 25 • Antranik B. Frounjian, CA, 50 • Ernest CA, 50 • Arpine Hamamjian, MA, 30 • M/M Kachadorian, MA, 25 • Marian Kachigian, MA, Dr/M Albert Z. Kapikian, MD, 50 • Mark Mkhitar Gagus, CA, 80 • Nancy M. Galano, NY, Ohannes T. Hamayan, CA, 50 • Hrant Hamayan, 25 • Shakeh P. Kadehjian, NY, 10 • Samuel G. Kapikian, NY, 25 • M/M John Kaprelian, CA, 25 10 • Durtat S. Gamboian, NY, 50 • H. CA, 25 • Irma Hamayan, CA, 25 • Dr. Else V. Kadorian, CA, 25 • Harut Kadzhikyan, CA, 10 • • Satenig Kaprelian, MA, 25 • M/M Edward G. Garabedian, FL, 75 • M/M Yervant Hamayan, IL, 20 • M/M Grisha Hambarsumian, Gen/M Albert J. Kaehn, Jr., VA, 75 • Elmas Kaf- Kaprielian, MA, 25 • Louise Kaprielian, CA, 10 • Garabedian, NY, 75 • Roger D. CA, 25 • Denis D. Hamboyan, MA, 20 • Barbara esjian, CA, 50 • M/M Michael G. Kahrimanian, Shahan P. Kaprielyan, PA, 70 • Dr/M K. Vahe Garabedian, CA, 50.4 • M/M Edward Russell Hamlin, VA, 10 • Dr/M Vincent V. Ham- PA, 25 • M/M Garabet Kahwajian, NJ, 20 • Alice Karachorlu, IL, 75 • M/M Stefan Karadian, Ml. Garabedian, NY, 50 • M/M Edward H parian, OH, 35 • Celia Handigian, NY, 50 • T. Kaiserian, NJ, 25 • Sara P. Kaiserian, PA, 25 • 25 • Harry R. Karadizian, CA, 50 • M/M Hampar Garabedian, CA, 50 • John P. Gara­ Hanenian, Canada, 25 • M/M Deran C. Han- M/M J. Edward Kaish, NY, 50 • Philip Kaklikian, Karageozian, Ml, 25 • Satenig Karagosian, NJ, bedian, MA, 25 • Katie D. Garabedian, esian, MA, 50 • Dr/M Deran Hanesian, NJ, 50 • CA, 25 • Michael Kalafian, VA, 25 • Anne Kala- 25 • George & Lucy Karagosian, NY, 10 • Jack MA, 25 • Martha A. Garabedian, MA, M/M Christopher R. Hanessian, MD, 50 • Jon­ gian, AZ, 50 • Charlene Kalagian, CA, 50 • Hair- Karagozian, Ml, 25 • Raffi Karahisar, MD, 75 • 25 • Carla Garabedian, MA, 20 • M/M athan M. Hanessian, IL, 50 • Hratch Hanness- abed Kalagian, Wl, 50 • Michael M Kalagian, Hratch J. Karakachian, CA, 25 • Ephronia Kara- Sam Garabedian, CA, 10 • Lilit K. ian, CA, 25 • M/M Arthur J. Hanoian, Rl, 25 • Sr., IL, 10 • Armen Kalajian, NJ, 25 • Alec Kal- kashian, MA, 25 • M/M Hovannes Karakashian, Garagash, NY, 25 • Michael A. Hermine Hanoumian, NY, 10 • M/M Sam Har- andjian, CA, 10 • Perkia Kalandjian. MA, 10 • CA, 20 • Jane Karakashian, MD, 25 • Robert S. Garakian, Sr., CA, 10 • Leo H. Gardar- oian, IL, 40 • Christine S. Haroian, NY, 25 • James M, Kalashian, CT, 25 • Mary Kalashian, Karamanougian, CA, 10 • Mary Karanfilian, NJ, ian, CA, 25 • M/M Harry Garo, CA, 35 M/M James K. Haroutunian, NY, 25 • M/M MA, 25 • M/M Puzant K. Kalaydjian, FL, 20 • 50 • Archie Karapetian, CA, 50 • M/M Jack Kar­ • Haisdan Garoyan, CT, 90 • Madeline Haroutun S. Haroutunian, CA, 15 • Beatrice A. John Kalayjian, OR, 25 • Saro Kalayjian, MD, 25 apetian, MA, 25 • Paul Karapetian, MA, 10 • K. Garry, NY, 25 • Dzovinar Gazarian, Harpootlian, FL, 25 • Mary Diane Harrian, NY, • Tina Kalayjian, CA, 15 • Father/M Vertanes K. Armen Karapetyan, IL, 25 • Hrayr Karaverdian, CA, 25 • Victoria Gazoorian, MA, 50 • 25 • Dr. Anna T. Harrison, TX, 55 • Greta Harri­ Kalayjian, MD, 45 • Dr. Craig Kalem, CA, 50 • CA, 50 • Anna Karayan, OH, 25 • Lara Kargodo- M/M Garo Gazurian, CA, 25 • M/M son, Ml, 25 • Elise R. Harrison, MA, 5 • Aroxie Edward H. Kalfaian, NJ, 25 • Sona Kalfaian-Ahl- rian, CA, 25 • M/M Sherman Karjian, MA, 25 • Nazareth Gechijian, MA, 50 • Audrey Hart, CA, 25 • Peter Hartian, FL, 50 • Harry Har- ijian, Rl, 10 • Angele Kalfayan, CA, 20 • M/M M/M Jacob Kasab, DC, 10 • Shamiran Kasab- Gedachian, MA, 25 • Hovanes H. tunian, Ml, 25 • M/M Norair Hartunian. CT, 25 • Charles Kalian, CA, 10 • Ronald Kalian, CA, 25 • ian, NJ, 50 • M/M Bedos Kasabian, FL, 20 • Gedagian, CA, 50 • Eleanor Gedigian, Rose K. Hartunian, NY, 25 • Reverend Vartan IL, 50 • M/M George Geogerian, FL, Hartunian. MA, 25 • Dionne M. Hartz, IL, 15 • AGBU ARTS ORGANIZES ADVANCE SCREENING OF 50 • Pauline George, MA, 10 • Virginia Hovakim S. Haruthunian, FL, 10 • Albert T. Har- George, IL, 10 • Linda Davidian utunian III, CA, 50 • Mark G. Harutunian, CT, 10 ATOM EGOYAN’S FILM “CALENDAR” Geraci, NY, 15 • M/M Richard Gerger- • Dr. Robert P. Hasserjian, MA, 50 • Jane Gir­ ian, IL, 25 • Hakop Germagyan, CA, agosian Hastings, NJ, 25 • M/M Mardiros Regular showings of “Calendar” begin March 11 at the Quad Cinema in New 50 • Vahe Geuvjehizian, CA, 15 • Haik Hatcherian, Ml, 50 • Zabel Boodakian Hatem, York City. Premiered at the prestigious 1993 New York Film Festival “Calen­ Z. Ghazarian, CA, 50 • Shake Agabi A. Ghazar- NY, 25 • Violet M. Hatounian, CA, 10 • Souren dar” was shot on location in Armenia. The film will tour U.S. in the spring under ian, FL, 50 • Vigen M. Ghazarian, CA, 25 • M/M Hatsakorzian, CA, 15 • Panos Havandjian, CA, the sponsorship of local AGBU Chapters including to date Belmont, MA., Oscar Ghebelian, MD, 25 • M/M David 50 • Harvey H. Havoonjian, CA, 25 • Parnik B. Racine Wl., Fresno, CA., Detroit Ml., Phoenix, AZ. For more information call Ghoogasian, Ml, 25 • George Gigarjian, MA, 10 Hazarian, CA, 25 • M/M Manoug Hazarian, NY, AGBU-ARTS at (212) 765-8260. • M/M James A. Gilbert, CA, 25 • M/M William 5 • M/M Haig H. Hedison, MA, 10 • Olga Hek- H. Giragosian, NJ, 10 • M/M Sahag S. Giritlian, imian, NY, 50 • M/M Jack Henesian, CA, 50 • FL, 25 • M/M Raymond Girvigian, CA, 25 • M/M Lucin Hergatacorzian, NY, 50 • M/M Edward M. Michael W. Glenn, CA. 50 • Shakey Godoshian, Heudjetian, CA, 50 • Prof Robert H. Hewsen, Ml, 10 • Raffi Goekjian, CA, 50 • Achod Gogan- NJ, 25 • M/M John P. Higgins, CA, 25 • M/M ian, CA, 50 • M/M Levon Goganian, CA, 100 • Bill Hilgris, Ml, 10 • Shoushan Hintlian, IL, 50 • Alice Gondjian, CA, 10 • Hourie Goparian, CA, Arax L. Hogroian, NY, 75 • Zarouhie Hollisian, 15 • Arine Goparian, CA, 10 • Gevan Gopoian, MA, 25 • Hrosch C. Hollisian, MA, 20 • M/M IL, 25 • Joy A. Gorian, CA, 50 • M/M Haig Gor- Harry Hoogasian, MA, 25 • Gorik Hossepian, ian, CA, 25 • Deborah Y. Gormly, NY, 15 • M/M CA, 50 • Serope Hossepian, CA, 25 • Baidzar Haig Goshdigian, MD, 50 • M/M George Gosh- Hovagimian, NY, 10 • Henry Hovakimian, CA, garian, MA, 25 • Isabelle D. Goshgarian, DC, 25 50 • Annie Hovanesian, CA, 50 • Diana Hovane- • M/M Lazarus Goshkarian, NY, 25 • M/M sian, CA, 25 • Aileen Hovanessian, IN, 25 • Ani Gabriel H. Goshtigian, CA, 25 • Cynthia A. Hovanessian, IN, 25 • Armen Hovanessian, IN, Gostanian, NY, 50 • M/M Varoujan H. Gostan- 25 • Rose A. Hovannesian, MA, 25 • Araxi Hov- ian, CA. 50 • M/M Vasken Gostanian, MA, 25 • hannessian, CA, 15 • Mary A. Hovnanian, FL, 25 M/M Levon Goulian, NJ, 10 • Michael B. Gour- • Seda Hovnanian, CA, 25 • M/M Julien Hov- dikian, CA, 5 • M/M Karekin Gozigian, NY, 25 • sepian, NY, 75 • M/M Fredrick Hovsepian, VA, Satamk B. Gray, CT, 25 • Bill Green, Jr., IL, 50 • 60 • M/M Ashod A. Hovsepian, CA, 50 • Minas M/M William T. Green, Jr., IL, 50 • M/M Ernest M. Hovsepian, IL, 50 • Puzant Hovsepian, NY, Gregorian, IL, 50 • Juliet Gregorio, NY, 50 • Dr. 50 • Anne Hovsepian, CA, 25 • Jane Hovsepian, Elizabeth A. Gregory, MA, 50 • Hoosag K. Gre­ Ml, 25 • Joseph Hovsepian, OH, 25 • Hrair Hov­ gory, England, 40 • Harold A. Gregory, MA, 25 • sepian, CA, 15 • Tony Hovsepian, CA, 15 • Eliz­ Ardashes Grehian, NY, 25 • Stephanie Platz abeth Hovsepian, FL, 10 • M/M Suren J. Hrach- Grigorian, IL, 65 • Irma Guevrekian, NY, 50 • ian, NY, 25 • Sarkis A. Ibrahamian, CA, 50 • M/M Jacques Guiguizian, MA, 50 • Kenneth R. Mayda S. Ihmalian, CA, 25 • Richard Iknoian, Gulaian, CA, 50 • M/M Richard Gulezian, MA, CA, 25 • Vasken Imasdounian, CA, 50 • M/M 30 • Nevert Gulezian, NJ, 20 • Dr. Aram S. Stephen Injeyan, CA, 50 • Armine A. Isbirian, Gulezian, MA, 10 • Jane Gulian, CA, 10 • Garo NY, 50 • M/M Albert A. Izmirian, CA, 25 • M/M R. Gureghian, CA, 50 • Varoujan Gureghian, CA, Leon Izmirlian, FL, 25 • M/M Garabed Jabag- 25 • Rose Guregian, Ml, 50 • Marion Gurjian, chourian, CA, 25 • Dr. Zaven Jabourian, VA, 50 Rl, 55 • K & V Jewelers, CA, 20 • Mary Kapril- • Dr. James W. Jackson, NC, 25 • Marquita ian Guth, CA, 20 • Vanda Guzelian, IL, 75 • Ara Jackson, MA, 25 • Elizabeth Jacobson, IL, 25 • Guzelimian, CO, 50 • Alice Foote Gwynn, NY, 10 M/M Andrew Jafferian, FL, 45 • M/M Nishan R. • Arshalous Haboian, MA, 75 • M/M Charles Jafferian, MA, 25 • Anna Jalalian, MA, 15 • M/M Hachadorian, Jr.. Rl, 30 • Alice Hacherian, OH, Robert Jameson, Ml, 15 • M/M Darwin Jam- 50 • M/M Richard Hachigian, CA, 50 • Jeanette gochian, CT, 70 • M/M Jack Jandegian, CA, 25 • A. Hachikian, PA, 50 • M/M Franklin Hadian, M/M Jerry Janigian, CA, 50 • Louise Janigian, CA, 10 • M/M Dikran Y. Hadidian, PA, 25 • Ml, 50 • Richard Janigian, CA, 50 • Edna Jani­ Ciran M. Hadjian, CA, 50 • M/M Charlie A. gian, CA. 25 • M/M Charles Janigian, CA, 10 • Haghverdian, CA, 50 • Debbie Hagopian, NJ, 50 Elizabeth Janigian, Rl, 10 • Papken V. Janjigian, • Flora Hagopian, CA, 50 • M/M Albert D. Hag­ MA, 50 • M/M John Jarahian, CA, 30 • Simon opian, CA, 25 • Avedis J, Hagopian, FL, 25 • Javizian, Ml, 50 • Hagop Jazmadarian, CA, 50 • Dikran Hagopian, NY, 25 • M/M Harry D. Hag­ Sarkis Jebejian, NJ, 25 • Aram Jegelian, CA, 50 opian, MA, 25 • Nate Hagopian, CA, 25 • Roxie • Aletha J. Jelladian, CA, 25 • Garabet J. Jemel- D. Hagopian, CA, 25 • M/M Sam Hagopian, Ml. ian, CA, 50 • Mary Guregian Jenkins, Ml, 50 • 25 • M/M George D. Hagopian, CA, 1 5 - Seta Gabriel E. Jerahov, CA, 25 • Puzant H. Jeryan,

AGBU DONORS - 1993 M/M John Kasabian, IL, 20 • M/M Sahag Kasar- Koutnouyan, CA, 25 • Aida Kouyoumjian, WA, CA, 30 • Aram Matossian, CA, 25 • Armen Mat­ Najarian, MA, 10 • Pearle M. Najimian, CA, 20 • jian, CA, 25 • M/M Charles Kasbarian, NJ, 25 • 25 • M/M Martin Kouyoumjian, PA, 10 • M/M ossian, NY, 25 • Sevan Matossian, CA, 15 • Stasia Nakashian, FL, 50 • Archavir Nalbandian, M/M Daniel Kasbashian, IL, 30 • M/M Simon Varoujan J. Kradjian, CA, 50 • Armand J. Kra- Tanya Matossian, CA, 15 • Mihran Mazgedian, GA, 50 • Armenouhi Nalbandian, CA, 50 • Mary Kashian, CA, 50 • Araxy K. Kashian, CA, 35 • medjian, GA, 25 • M/M Haig Krekorian, CA, 60 • CA, 25 • Joseph A. Mazmanian, NJ, 75 • M/M Nalbandian, NJ, 50 • Azadoohie Nalbandian, Edwin G. Kashishian, CA, 50 • S. Kashishian, Michael H. Krekorian, CA, 25 • Nancy Kricorian Oscar H. Mazmanian, MA, 25 • Virgine K. Maz­ CA, 15 • Madlein Nalbantian, NY, 50 • M/M Carl NJ, 50 • Hovannes Kasparian, IL, 90 • Anna & James A. Schamus, NY, 35 • Dr/M Puzant C. manian, MA, 10 • M/M Aram Mazoujian, NJ, 20 K. Narsasian, MA, 5 • Dr. Michael C. Nash, MA, Kasparian, NY, 50 • Paulette Kasparian, NJ, 50 Krikorian, CA, 75 • George D. Krikorian, MA, 50 • Andrea C. McCabe, NY, 25 • John B. McFar­ 25 • Dr. Stepan Nazarian, TX, 50 • Paul S. Na- • M/M Kaspar Kasparian, Rl, 25 • Malcolm • Dr. Paul P. Krikorian, NJ, 50 • Anne Krikorian, land, WA, 25 • Arshavir A. Mckertich, UT, 25 • zarian, Ml, 25 • M/M Louis G. Negosian, CA, 25 John Kasparian, CA, 25 • Marty A. Kasparian, Canada, 25 • M/M Melkon Krikorian, NY, 25 • Edward McNamara, Ml, 15 • M/M Craig A. Mc­ • M/M Hovsep Nercessian, IL, 50 • Roy L. Ners- CA, 25 • Sahak Kasparian, NY, 25 • Doris N. Mary Krikorian, Rl, 10 • Siranoush Krikorian, Pherson, CT, 25 • Rose Medzekian, CA, 10« esian, NJ, 25 • Vartouhi Nersesian, NY, 25 • Kasparian, CA, 10 • Zarook Kasparian, FL, 10 • MA, 10 • Franklin L. Kroell, MA, 10 • M/M M/M Ohannes Megerdichian, UT, 50 • Dr. Leon M/M Krikor Nersissian, FL, 50 • Annette New­ M/M Dennis R. Kasper, Esq., CA, 50 • Araxie Emanuel Kulhanjian, FL, 90 • Aram Kulhanjian, D. Megrian, CA, 50 • Haig H. Meguerditchian, man, Ml, 20 • Markar Nicholas, CA, 25 • Agnes Kassabian, CA, 10 • Mary Kassakian, NJ, 25 • FL, 13.5 • Ernest S. Kuljian, CA, 25 • Rose Kulu- IN, 25 • M/M Kevork Meguerditchian, CA, 25 • Nigoghosian, Ml, 25 • Sevag Nigoghosian, CA, Khoren Kassardjian, CA, 50 • Meline Kassardj- jian, OH, 50 • Louise P. Kupelian, MD, 25 • M/M M/M Garbis H. Meguerian, IL, 25 • Mary M. 15 • M/M Edward Nigohosian, IL, 25 • Nancy J. ian, NJ, 25 • Aram Katchikian, NY, 25 • M/M Leon Kurczynski, Ml, 50 • M/M Zaven Kuredj- Mehagian, AZ, 25 • Bernice Mehterian, CA, 50 • Nigosian, OH, 50 • Richard S. Nigosian, NY, 50 Donald Katrandjian, NY, 50 • Ashen Kavafian, ian, CA, 10 • Harry Kurkjian, NY, 50 • Lenore M/M George Mekenian, NJ, 50 • Sarkis Mekha- • Madam Aznif Nishanian, NY, 50 • Mariam Nis- Ml, 10 • Ernest N Kavoian, CA, 25 • John J. Kurkjian, MD, 25 • M/M Andrew S. Kurkjian, cavakian, Canada, 25 • M/M Edward Mekjian, hanian, VA, 50 • M/M Leon Noorigian, NC, 25 • Kavookian, DC, 25 • Sirvart Kavouksorian, NY, CA, 10 • Rose A. Kurtjian, Ml, 25 • Rose Kutu- MA, 50 • June Mekjian, Ml, 25 • Eric Melconian, Arman Noradian, CA, 50 • George Noraian, Ml, 15 • K Kavukyan, Canada, 50 • Col/M Carnig mian, CA, 25 • M/M Kevork Kuyumjian, CA, 25 • NY, 50 • Clifford Melikian, Esq., CA, 25 • Mary 25 • Christine Norehad, IL, 50 • Helen Norhad- Kay, NY, 25 • M/M George Kazandjian, NY, 50 • Harry Kuzikyan, CT, 50 • M/M Charles Ladefian, Melikian, NY, 25 • Yeghia Melikian, Rl, 25 • ian, NY, 50 • Paul F. Norian, MA, 50 • John Aghavni Kazanjian, CA, 25 • Gloria Kazanjian, Rl, 50 • Konstantinos Lardas, FL, 25 • Harold M/M Albert O. Melikian, Rl, 10 • Sevan Melik- Norsigian, MA, 25 • Arshak Nshanian, CA, 50 • CA, 25 • John Kazanjian, NJ, 25 • M/M Ralph Lehr, CA, 50 • Harold Lehr, CA, 50 • M/M Kaid- yan, NY, 35 • Eugenie Melkesetian, CA, 25 • M/M James L. Nuckolls, Ml, 15 • M/M Samuel Kazanjian, CA, 25 • Sonia A. Kazanjian, WA, 25 zak Lepedjian, CA, 20 • M/M Gary Lind-Sinan- M/M Arturo Melkessetian, NV, 25 • Cedric Odabashian, NY, 25 • Susan Odjakjian, CA, 25 • • Rev/M Karnig M. Kazanjian, AL, 15 • Jacob ian, MA, 75 • M/M Albert Long, CA, 50 • Sevan Melkonian, NY, 50 • Madeline Melkonian, NY, Niva Oghigian, IL, 50 • Sylvia Ohanesian, CA, Kazanjian, CA, 10 • Brian Kazarian, CA, 25 • Lousinian, CA, 50 • M/M Jack Hagop Loussa- 50 • M/M Popken Melkonian, MA, 50 • Sonia 50 • Mary D. Ohanesian, CT, 25 • Ohannes M/M Robert C. Kazarian, MA, 25 • Ashot Kaz- rarian, CA, 50 • Marian Murachanian L. Lowrie, Melkonian, NY, 50 • Jerair D. Melkonian, IL, 20 Ohanian, NJ, 75 • M/M Abe S. Ohanian, CA, 50 aroff, Ml, 25 • M/M Bedros Kazazian, FL, 90 • FL, 25 • Iris Lusararyan, CA, 25 • Sam Maal- • Peggy Mendikian, NY, 50 • Anahid Menend- • M/M David Ohanian, FL, 25 • M/M Henry H. Mary Meyeserian Kearney, MA, 50 • Robert M. ouly, CA, 15 • M/M Michael Madajian, CA, 50 • ian, MA, 50 • M/M Kevork Meneshian, CA, 15 • Ohanian, MO, 50 • M/M John Ohanian, NY, 50 • Kebabian, CT, 50 • Vahe M. Kebabjian, MA, 25 • Robert D. Magadan, CA, 25 • Talin Maghakian, M/M Kevork Menevishian, MD, 10 • Christine Maritza Ohanian, MA, 50 • M/M John F. Ohan­ Dr. Abraham H. Kedeshian, NY, 50 • Lucille CA, 25 • Martin Mahdesyan, Rl, 25 • George Merdinian, VT, 15 • M/M Perssy Mergeanian, ian, FL, 35 • M/M Garbis Ohanian, CA, 25 • Keeler, CA, 25 • Adrienne N. Kefeyan, MA, 50 • Mahroukian, CA, 20 • Hermine Aprahamian F. CA, 50 • M/M Warren Merguerian, NY, 25 • Leonard Y. Ohanian, Ml, 25 • Margaret Ohan­ Elizabeth M. Kefeyan, MA, 50 • Richard FI. Keh- Mahseredjian, CA, 50 • M/M John Mahtesian, Dr/M Ashot Merijanian, NJ, 50 • Dr. Pepronia P. ian, OH, 25 • Shakeh Ohanian, CA, 25 • Mary­ yian, Ml, 25 • M/M Toros Kejejian , CA, 50 • IL, 50 • Artemis Mahtesian, Rl, 15 • Richard Merjanian, CA, 50 • Lillian Merjian, NY, 10 • ann A. Ohanian, MO, 20 • Jasper Ohannessian, Mayreni Kelekian, NY, 30 • M/M Charles Kelig- Mahtesian, CA, 3 • M/M Harry Majarian, CA, 50 Suzanne Merrill, CA, 5 • Delilah Markarian Mes- FL, 25 • Kristen L. Ohanyan, UT, 50 • M/M ian, CA, 50 • M/M Paul B. Keljikian, MA, 25 • • M/M Carl Malakhanian, Ml, 25 • Dr/M Artin robian, IL, 50 • John Mesrobian, NC, 25 • Ruth Krikor M. Oknayan, Ml, 50 • Patricia M. Okon- Happy A. Kellejian, CA, 65 • M/M Martin Kenos- Malakian, MA, 10 • M/M Edward V. Malcom, Mestjian-Pear, KY, 75 • Sadie Metzigian, Ml, 25 iewski, NY, 10 • M/M Howard J. Okoomian, ian, NY, 50 • Margaret Kenosian, NY, 25 • Violet Ph.D., ME, 50 • Laurence G. Malcom, Wl, 50 • • Berjuhi Metzoian, Ml, 45 • M/M Fred P. MA, 25 • Maryann A. Onanian, MO, 42 • Kenosian, Ml, 15 • M/M Harry H. Keoleian, Ml, Harry 0. Malian, Ml, 85 • Gladys Malian, NJ, 75 Meyer, CT, 20 • Richard A. Mezaduryan, NY, 50 Richard A. Onanian, MA, 25 • Dr. Vahe Osha- 25 • Alice Keosheyan, CA, 20 • M/M Shahnazar • M/M Arthur H. Malian, NJ, 50 • M/M Michael • Araxy Mezian, MA, 10 • Fred Michaelyan, MA, gan & Dr. Arsine Oshagan, 50 • M/M Jacob J. Keotahian, CA, 10 • M/M John Keramedjian, NJ, Malian, CA, 20 • Albert Malkasaian, Wl, 25 • 10 • Marian M. Mickaels, CA, 25 • M/M Artin Oskoian, Rl, 50 • Willard L. Otis, Ml, 15 • Vee T. 10 'J o h n Kerkezian, CA, 50 • M/M Harry Ker- Henry R. Malkasian, MA, 25 • Elizabeth Malka- Mikaelian, NY, 50 • Baghrad T. Mikaelian, CA, Ougourlian, NY, 50 • Betty Ouloosian, Rl, 50 • korian, FL, 60 • Hrair Kertenian, CA, 15 • Jean­ sian, Rl, 10 • Alice V. Mallumian, MA, 10 • M/M 50 • Monoog Mikaelian, NY, 45 • M/M Murad M/M John B. Oumedian, Ml, 25 • Charles P. ette Kesdekian, PA, 25 • Dr/M Jerry G. Keshian, Richard D. Maloian, Ml, 25 • Yeranouhie B. Mikaelian, NY, 25 • M/M Tony Mikaelian, NY, Ourfalian, TN, 50 • Michael Ouzounian, NY, 50 • NC, 50 • Albert Keshishian, CA, 50 • Vahan S. Mamourian, PA, 25 • M/M Alex Mamourian, PA, 25 • M/M Gregory Mikaelian, CA, 10 • Seza Raisse Ovanessian, Ml, 25 • M/M Philip Ovoian, Keshishian, TN, 50 • Victoria Keshishian, NY, •20 • Virginia E. Mampre, TX, 25 • Dr. Adrienne Mikikian, CA, 15 • Michael Mikikian, CA, 10 • Rl, 25 • Salpi Pakradouni, CA, 65 • M/M Kris- 50 • Romik M. Kesian, CA, 50 • Simon Kesis- Mandossian, CA, 25 • M/M Zaven Mangasarian, Arman Mimar, NY, 50 • M/M Stepan Minakyan, tapol Pakradouni, CA, 50 • John Pakradounian, yan, NY, 25 • Krikor Ketefian, CA, 50 • Gerard CA, 25 • Berge Mangerian, NY, 50 • Dianne NY, 50 • Dr. Agop Minasian, CA, 75 • Paul F. CA, 25 • Dr. Alexander M. Panossian, NJ, 50 • Ketefian, CA, 25 • M/M Jack Keurian, NY, 75 • Manian, MD, 50 • M/M Richard Manocchia, Rl, Minasian, Wl, 50 • Ora Minasian, CA, 25 • Ken­ Berg Panosyan, IL, 50 • Sofocles Pantelas, NY, M/M Charles G. Keurian, NY, 50 • Dr. Harold H. 10 • Chris Manoogian, MA, 75 • George Man- neth Minasian, MA, 20 • Rose Minasian, Ml, 10 20 • Victor Papakhian, Ml, 25 • Reverend & Ye- Kevorkian, NJ, 35 • Mariam Kevorkian, CA, 10 • oogiari, MA, 50 • Martin M. Manoogian, Ml, 50 • Beatrice Minassian, CA, 25 • Nora Minassian, retsgin Diran Papazian, IL, 50 • George K. Pap- Ruth L. Kevorkian, CT, 10 • Sarah Kevorkian, • Paul Manoogian, CO, 50 • M/M Archie V. CA, 25 • Flora Mirzaian, CA, 25 • Edward Mir- azian, PA, 50 • Gerald S. Papazian, CA, 50 • CA, 10 • Roy Keyes, CA, 10 • Varujan Khach- Manoogian, MA, 25 • M/M Edward A. Manoog­ zoyan, CA, 50 • Gregory M. Misakian, MA, 25 • Lyssa Papazian & Glenn Littledale, PA, 50 • adourian, NY, 50 • Mesrop Khachatrian, CA, 50 ian, MA, 25 • Edward R. Manoogian, IL, 10 • M/M Arys M. akian, Rl, 25 • Akakian, IL, 25 • Greg M. Papazian & Kim Whittaker, MA, 40 • • M/M Norik Khachikian, CA, 40 • M/M Victor Victoria Manoogian, MA, 10 • Viola Manoosh- Robert J. irlian, Ml, 25 • Armen Mkhsian, CA, Astrid Papazian, CA, 25 • Avedis H. Papazian, Khachikian, NY, 25 • M/M Aram S. Khadhoyan, ian, NY, 25 • Aram V. Manoukian, NJ, 50 • Alec 50 • Lillian Mnoian, CA, 10 • Dr. Gary Herbert AZ, 25 • Dr/M Matheos J. Papazian, CA, 25 • CT, 25 • Garbis Khanjian, CA, 15 • Harout Khan- H. Manoukian, CA, 25 • Howard Mardell & Bar­ Moffses, FL, 25 • Dan Momjian, CA, 25 • Mary Seranoush Papazian, MA, 10 • M/M Setrak H jian, CA, 15 • M/M ak G. Kharmanjian, IL, 25 • bara Kovel, IL, 50 • M/M Ardash Marderosian, K. Momjian, NJ, 25 • Zareh Momjian, NJ, 25 • Papazian, CA, 10 • Virginia Papazian, Ml, 10 • M/M Jack Kharpertian, NJ, 25 • Prof/M Haig IL, 50 • Miriam Marderosian, PA, 50 • M/M John K. Moomjian, CA, 75 • Gary T. Moomjian, Souren Papelian, CA, 50 • M/M Berg Para- Khatchadourian, Wl, 25 • Gary J. Khatcherian, Mardy Marderosian, CA, 25 • Armenuhe Mar­ NY, 25 • M/M Albert Moomjy, NJ, 50 • George ghamian, MD, 50 • M/M George T. Parnagian, NJ, 25 • John J. Khatcherian, NJ, 25 • Christo­ derosian, MA, 20 • Muriel Marderosian, CA, 10 N. Moorachian, Rl, 10 • Col/M Moorad Moora- MA, 25 • M/M Haig R. Parnagian, NY, 25 • pher A. Kibarian, NY, 50 • Arpcase Kilerjian, • Grace Mardigian, MA, 25 • M/M Armen N. dian, VA, 75 • M/M Anthony N. Mooradian, CA, Mary Parnagian, NY, 25 • Susan Paroonagian, MA, 15 • Rev Asoghik Y. Kilicciyan, NY, 25 • Mardiros, CA, 25 • Alice Mardiros, CA, 10 • 50 • Anthony Mooradian, CA, 50 • Diran Moora­ PA, 10 • Dr/M Vasken L. Parsegian, NY, 50 • Mary Kilijian, CA, 10 • Katherine Killabian, Rl, M/M Albert Mardirosian, Ml, 25 • Florence dian, Ml, 15 • Mary M. Morabito, CA, 10 • M/M M/M Richard A. Parsekian, NJ, 50 • Satineg 10 • Beatriz M. Killigan, FL, 25 • Dill King, Ml, Mardirosian, NJ, 25 • Robert M. Mardirossian, Mac Morford, Ml, 20 • David B. Morgan, CA, 70 Parsekian, MA, 25 • M/M Boghos P. Parvanian, 40 • Dolores M. King, Ml, 10 • M/M William N. IL, 50 • Vartkes Mardirossian, NY, 25 • M/M • M/M Albert E. Morjig, CA, 50 • M/M Peter P. CA, 50 • Carmella Pashalian, Rl, 25 • Hasmig Kinnard, Jr., CT, 50 • M/M Suren G. Kinosian, Victor Mardirossian, CA, 25 • M/M George Mar- Moroukian, NJ, 25 • Tanya Mosisoglu, CA, 25 • Pashayan, CA, 10 • Anthony C. Pashoian, FL, MA, 25 • M/M Ludwig Kiramidjian, CA, 10 • gosian, CA, 50 • Lucille Margosian, CA, 25 • Irene Moubayajian, CA, 15 • Takouhi Mough- 25 • M/M John Paskalian, NY, 25 • Susan P. Rose Kirian, NJ, 50 • Richard S. Kirishian, WA, M/M Antranic M. Margossian, CA, 50 • Clara amian, CA, 25 • M/M Kevork K. Moukhtarian, Pattie, England, 50 • William J. Patzarian, FL, 50 • Elizabeth Kirk, MA, 50 • M/M Zaven Kirk- Margossian, CA, 50 • Grace M. Margossian, IL, 50 • John 0. Mouradian, CA, 25 • M/M Ray­ 25 • Naomi Pekmezian, MD, 25 • M/M Jack H. sharian, TX, 25 • M/M Hagop A. Kitabjian, PA, CA, 50 • Linda J. Margossian, CA, 50 • Dr. Raffi mond R. Mouradian, MA, 25 • M/M Michael E. Peloian, CA, 50 • M/M James H. Peloian, CA, 25 • M/M Sarkis Kizakian, IL, 55 • Dr. Janice M. Margossian, CA, 50 • Vivian Margossian, NJ, Mousigian, Ml, 20 • M/M Stephen J. Movesian, 50 • Gladys Peters, CA, 25 • Anahid Petrosian, Kizirian, Rl, 50 • M/M Hratch Kludjian, CA, 50 • 50 • Dr. Sarkis S. Margossian, NY, 30 • Chris­ MO, 20 • Avedis Movsesian, NJ, 50 • Abraham TX, 50 • Jemma Petrossian, CA, 20 • M/M M/M Alexander Kludjian, CA, 25 • Peter Klud­ tine Markarian, IL, 50 • Ohan Markarian, CA, 50 Movsesian, Rl, 25 • M/M Al Movsessian, MA, Alexander M. Phillian, NJ, 15 • Jack H. Piandar- jian, Ml, 25 • Zareh B. Kludjian, NY, 25 • Amie • Suzanne Markarian, IL, 50 • Margaret Markar­ 25 • Abraham Movsessian, Rl, 20 • Angele E. ian, CA, 50 • Robert A. Piankian, MA, 10 • John G. Klujian, IL, 50 • Araxi B. Kobrin, MD, 25 • ian, MA, 25 • M/M Rooben Markarian, CA, 25 • Mugerdichian, Ml, 50 • M/M Bob Mugrdechian, M. Pilafian, Jr., OR, 25 • Grace Pilafian, NC, 10 Dr/M Charles D. Kochakian, AL, 10 • Rose Dr. Yervant Markarian, CA, 25 • Rosa Markar­ CA, 50 • Bertha Mugurdichian, Rl, 25 • Eliza­ • M/M Joseph N. Piligian, NJ, 50 • Paul M. Pili- Kochoian, CA, 20 • Rose Kolligian, MA, 10 • ian, NY, 10 • Suren Markaryan, CA, 25 • Eunice beth Muktarian, WA, 50 • M/M Edward S. Muk- gian, CA, 25 • Carol D. Pinn, IL, 10 • M/M Anne Kondrajian, NY, 25 • M/M Dikran Kon- Maroot, CA, 50 • Helen H. Marsoobian, IL, 25 • tarian, CA, 25 • Lucy Muradian, Rl, 25 • M/M Anthony Policano, NY, 25 • Frances Poloshian, ialian, CA, 50 • Neva Konian, MA, 10 • Rose M/M John Marsoobian, MA, 25 • Diana Mar- Sam A. Muradian, CA, 25 * Istepan Muradyan, CT, 25 • Ross Porter, CA, 5 • Walter Posigian, Konjoyan, CA, 10 • Lebon Konyan, CA, 15 • soupian, Ml, 50 • Marjorie H. Martiesian, Rl, 50 NY, 50 • M/M Russell E. Murr, PA, 20 • M/M Ml, 25 • Steven R. Pounian, NY, 50 • Antonina Edward G. Koolakian, NY, 25 • M/M Azarig Koo- • Paul Martin, FL, 50 • Rantui Martin, NY, 25 • Edward Muserlian, NJ, 30 • Bright Muserlian, Prestigiacomo, IL, 50 • Christian Priestley, CA, loian, Jr., Rl, 75 • Marian Koshgarian, Rl, 25 • Julia T. Martin, Rl, 20 • Isabel Martini, CA, 50 • Rl, 10 • Maryam A. N’ha Margo, PA, 25 • Dr/M 10 • Steven D. Priestley, CA, 10 • M/M Harry M/M Sargis Kossayian, PA, 25 • M/M Hagop J. John Marukian, CA, 70 • Sandra Marzbanian, Misac N. Nabighian, CO, 50 • M/M Leon Nahi- Prince, NY, 25 • John P. Proudian, CA, 50 • Koujakian, CA, 50 • M/M Varoujean Koumjian, CT, 50 • Susan Marzbanian, CT, 50 • Souren gian, Rl, 50 • Marie Nahigian, MA, 50 • Thomas Carrie A. Rahanian, Rl, 70 • M/M Charles E. FL, 20 • Arthur S. Kourian, OH, 25 • M/M Dou­ Maserejian, MA, 50 • Siranoush Maserejian, R. Nahigian, MA, 25 • Annie M. Nahigian, Rl, 20 Randall, Jr., NY, 25 • Gary P. Rejebian, IL, 50 • glas Kourtjian, Ml, 50 • Lara M. Kousharian, MA, 10 • Gerald Masropian, Ml, 25 • Dr. Kour- • Jackie Najarian, CA, 50 • Rose N. Najarian, Sona S. Rejebian, IL, 50 • M/M Charles R. Rich, CA, 25 • Leon Kousharian, CA, 25 • Hrair A. ken Matossian, CA, 50 • M/M Nor Matossian, PA, 30 • Verkin Mary Najarian, MA, 25 • Arax Jr., IL, 30 • M/M Joseph Rinaldi, Jr., Ml, 25 •

AGBl 37 Elizabeth B. Roberts. Ml, 25 • Richard H Roo- CA, 35 • Bizer Simonian, MA, 25 • M/M Edward Angele Tomassian, MA, 25 • Miroslav Tomici- Ernest Vessalico, FL, 20 • George Vetzigian, NY, mian, NY, 90 • Genevieve Roubian, NY, 25 • Simonian, IL, 25 • Lucy Simonian, IL, 25 • ch, IL, 50 • M/M Diran K. Tookmanian, NJ, 50 • 75 • M/M Leon Vetzikian, NY. 50 • Isabelle Her- Dr/M Jirayr R. Roubinian, CA, 50 • Armen Rud- Melissa A. Simonian, PA, 25 • Simon Simonian, Elizabeth M. Toomajian, MA, 50 • Jack P. Toot- demian Veyvoda, NY, 25 • M/M Joseph Vosbik- erian, CA, 25 • Katherine Azadian Rudman, NJ, CA, 25 • M/M Simon Simonian, CA, 25 • Dr/M ikian, OH, 50 • Gary E. Topalian, IL, 50 • Jack N ian, PA, 25 • Leo A. Voskan, FL, 30 • Dr/M John 50 • M/M George A. Rustigian, CA, 25 • Warren Vahe Simonian, CA, 25 • Tano Simonian, CA, Topalian, FL, 50 • Marguerite C. Topalian, MA, B. Voskian, NJ, 50 • M/M Richard Wagner, Ml, T. Ryerson, IL, 25 • Varsenik Saakyan, CA, 15 • 15 • Gary Simonyan, NJ, 50 • M/M Jack H. 25 • Rose Topoozian, NY, 25 • M/M Ohannes 20 • Joseph Wanis, CA, 10 • Alfred White, NY, M/M Haig Saatjian, CA, 50 • Agop Sadanyans, Simsarian, CA, 10 • Anna Singleton, OR, 50 • Torian, IL, 50 • Sarah Torigian, CA, 10 • Grego­ 10 • M/M Oliver S. Williamson, NY, 10 • Anahid NJ, 10 • M/M George Sadoian, CA, 50 • Dr/M Mitchell Siranian, NH, 50 • Huguette S. Sirianni, ry H. Toroian, NY, 50 • Harry H. Torosian, Wl, Victoria O. Wilson, Ireland, 50 • M/M Frank A. Harry G. Sadoian, CA, 25 • M/M Vasken Sad­ Ml, 50 • M/M Jack Sislian, CA, 50 • Drs. Vitali 25 • Jack S. Torosian, NY, 25 • M/M Artine L. Winchell, NY, 25 • Jane Avedisian Winchester, oian, CA, 25 • Zay Sadoian, CA, 25 • Estelle M. Skriptchenko & Anait Azarian, Rl, 25 • John Torossian, CT, 50 • M/M Patrick Torossian, Ml, NJ, 50 • Jane Wingate, MD, 25 • Alice G. Sadoyan, CA, 50 • M/M Henry Safian, CA, 25 • Sledziona, NY, 10 • Virginia Slotnick, Ml, 25 • 50 • Antranik Torossian, CA, 40 • Lena Khatch- Wright, CA, 20 • Gregory G. Yacobian, MA, 25 • M/M Sahag Sahagian, MA, 75 • M/M Joseph J. M/M Edward Smaldone, NY, 50 • M/M Roger erian Toscano, NJ, 50 • M/M Jerry Tossounian, Dr/M Arthur D. Yaghjian, MA, 50 • M/M Harry Sahagian, CA, 50 • M/M Nubar H, Sahagian. FL, W. Smith, VA, 50 • Debra A. Smith, CA, 25 • CA, 50 • Ared H. Touloukian, CA, 50 • Ararat Yaglijian, CA, 25 • Sarah Yagoobian, CT, 25 • 50 • Arthur Sahagian, IL, 25 • Charles S. Saha­ Avedis Soghigian, IL, 65 • M/M Nicholas Sogh- Toumanian, IL, 50 • Alec G. Toumayan, MD, 25 M/M John Yalenezian, MA, 20 • Ara L. Yardum, gian, MA, 25 • Khatoon Sahagian, MA, 25 • omonian, CT, 25 • Shoghig Soghomonian, CA, • Verta Toumayan, CA, 25 • M/M Sahag A. NY, 50 • Dr/M Ara Yarjanian, Ml, 50 • Zaven Albert G. Sahakian, Ml, 50 • Roy S. Sahakian, 25 • Haigaz H. Sohigian, MA. 50 • Setta S. Sol- Toutjian, CA, 75 • Vasken Toutjian, CA, 25 • Yasaian, NJ, 25 • Artin Yazejian, NY, 25 • Haig Ml, 50 • M/M Harold Sahakian, Wl, 25 • Helen akian, NY, 25 • Maritza A. Soorsoorian, MA, 10 Arno J. Toutounjian, CA, 15 • Saro Toutounjian, R. Yazijian, MA, 50 • M/M Gregory S. Yazujian, Sahakian, Ml, 25 • Van Sahakian, TX, 25 • Mike • Edward L. Sornigian, CA, 25 • Michael M. CA, 15 • Margo Travis, FL, 10 • M/M William J. PA, 75 • M/M Leon Yeganian, NY, 25 • M/M Sakajian, CA, 25 • Edward Sakalian, NJ, 25 • Sosigian, PA, 50 • M/M George Soultanian, NY, Trump, CA, 10 • M/M Martin Tufankjian, ME, 50 Raffi P. Yeghiayan, MA, 50 • M/M Archie Yegh- Ara K. Sakayan, MA, 25 • M/M Sarkis Samar- 25 • Andrea Soultanian, Ml, 20 • Vicken Soul­ • Charles G. Tufankjian, Sr., MA, 25 • M/M issian, Ml, 50 • Ara Yerem, TN, 50 • Alice K. ian, Ml, 25 • Clara M. Samelian, PA, 50 • Araxie tanian, CA, 15 • John Soursourian, MA, 50 • Charles G. Tufankjian, Sr., MA, 15 • M/M Carnig Yeretsian, IN, 25 • Dr/M Ara K. Yeretsian, IN, L. Samelian, PA, 25 • Isabel Samouelian, Ml, 45 M/M Jim Soxman, CA, 50 • Dr. Seda A. Spar­ Tususian, NJ. 25 • M/M Edward Tutelian, OH, 25 • M/M Haroutioun A. Yeretzian, CA, 50 • • Georgette V. Samoyan, NJ, 25 • Simon J. ling, MA, 25 • Thelma Speier, CO, 25 • Anna M. 50 • M/M Stephen Tutelian, Jr., PA, 50 • Antro- M/M John A. Yezdanian, FL, 10 • Janet Yoel, Samsonian, NY, 25 • Varazdat Samuelian, CA, Spengler, NY, 30 • Greg Srabian, IL, 50 • Valen­ nic Tutunjian, FL, 25 • Garo Tutunjian, CA, 25 • OH, 50 • Ohannes Yozgatlian, CA, 50 • Arthur 25 • Zephyr Samuelian, CA, 25 • M/M Barkev S. tine B. Stahl, VA, 25 • M/M Diran Stambolian, United Way of Bergen County, NJ, 25 • Ruth Zakarian, CA, 60 • Betty M. Zakarian, VA, 50 • Sanders, CA, 25 • Eleanor Sanossian, IL, 50 • MA, 25 • M/M Thomas C. Standen, MA, 25 • Upton, CA, 25 • Violet Vagramian, FL, 25 • M/M M/M Jack A. Zakarian, CA. 50 • Carmen A. Zak­ M/M John Santoian, NJ, 50 • Elizabeth Santo- Lisa Stepanian, NJ, 25 • Dr/M A. Stephen Ste­ Michael Vagratian, NJ, 75 • Elizabeth Paregian arian, CA, 25 • Rose Zakarian, IL, 25 • Jack ian, MA, 10 • M/M ak M. Santourian, FL, 45 • phan, AR, 30 • M/M Armen Stephanian, TX, 25 Valencia, CA, 25 • Nancy J. Van Buren, TN, 25 • Zakarian, FL, 19 • M/M Arbo Zakaryan, FL. 50 • Karmen A. Santourian, Ml, 10 • M/M Randolph • Silva T. Stephanian, CA, 25 • M/M Donald E. Sonna A. Van Kampen, CT, 10 • Genevieve Van- Victoria Zakian, FL, 25 • Arsha Zakian, Wl, 15 • V. Sapah-Gulian, CT, 50 • Dr. Ann Karagozian Stewart, NC, 15 • Rose Stodola, FL, 25 • Barba­ ian, CA, 25 • M/M John Vaniskhian, NJ, 25 • M/M George K. Zamanian, Ml, 25 • James Zam- R. Sarafian. CA, 25 • Mary Sarafian, CA, 10 • ra J. Stone, CA, 50 • Ara P. Sulahian, CA, 10 • Samuel Vardanian, FL, 25 • Armen Varjabedian, pogna, NY, 10 • Catherine Zaroogian, Rl, 10 • ArjunaT. Saraydarian, CA, 50 • George Saray- M/M James Sullivan, MA, 50 • Elizabeth K. Sur- CA, 50 • Ariss Varjabedian, CA, 22 • Hovnan M/M George Zarounian, CA, 50 • Harry Zartar- darian, NY, 50 • Aykaz Sargsyan II, CA, 25 • abian. MA, 25 • M/M Rouben Surenian, MA, 30 Varjabedian, CA, 15 • Gustan Varjabedian, CA, ian, Rl, 50 • Robert J. Zartarian, CT, 50 • M/M Arsen Sarian, NJ, 25 • M/M Manuel Sarian, CA, • M/M Ara A. Sutlian, CA, 25 • Alice B. Swarin- 10 • M/M Haig Varoujean, CA, 25 • Rose Varta- Paul M. Zartarian, PA, 25 • Rose M. Zartarian, 15 • Mary N. Sarian, CA, 15 • M/M Garbis Sari- gen, FL, 25 • Donald Sweet, CA, 50 • Ani Tabib- bedian, NY, 25 • Dr/M Vartan N. Vartanian, NC. MA, 25 • M/M Raffy G. Zavzavadjian, OK, 50 • yan, NJ, 50 • Dr. Frederick D. Sarkis, FL, 25 • ian, NJ, 50 • Donald Tafjen, CA, 50 • M/M Grig- 50 • M/M Garabet L. Vartanian, CA, 25 • H. Mary Zenian, NJ. 10 • Harutyun H. Zenjirjian, Rose Sarkisian, CA, 25 • Ruben N. Sarkisian, or Tahmazian, UT. 40 • Lucy M. Tajirian, PA, 75 Harry Vartanian, CA, 25 • Nicole E. Vartanian, CA, 50 • M/M Grigor Zenjiryan, CA, 50 • Mary CA, 15 • Gregory T. Sarkisian, GA, 10 • Dr. • Thelma Z. Tajirian, CA, 25 • Irene J. Takakjian, AP, 25 • M/M Aram Varteresian, NJ, 50 • M/M Zenjiryan, CA, 15 • M/M Zenop Zenopian, VA. Gagik Sarkissian, France, 60 • M/M Antranig NY, 50 • Helen H. Takessian, AZ, 50 • Mary Armenag B. Vartian, IL, 50 • Angel K Vartivar- 50 • Sarkis R Zerdelian, MA, 10 • John H. Zer- Sarkissian, NY, 50 • Agnes Sarkissian, GA, 25 • Takessian, CA, 25 • Alice Takirian, NJ, 5 • ian, IL, 50 • Armine K. Vartivarian, IL, 50 • ounian, CA, 85 • M/M Ara Zerounian, Ml, 25 • M/M Albert Sarkissian, NY, 25 • M/M Assator Alexandria Takis, Ml, 50 • Ted Takorian, CA, 75 Freda Vartoogian, Ml, 25 • M/M Yermokin G. M/M Alexan A. Zorayan, FL, 25 • Christina Sarkissian, CA, 25 • M/M Mourad A. Sarkissian, • M/M Kenneth A. Takvorian, MA, 15 • Linda J. Vartoukian, NJ, 25 • Sonig Vayejian, NJ, 50 • Zorian, FL, 50 • Stephen A. Zorthian, NY, 50 • NY, 25 • M/M Edward J. Sarkissian, NY, 15 • Talanian, MA, 15 • M/M Sarkis Tamouzian, CA, Rev/M Sahag B. Vertanesian, MA, 25 • M/M Vahe Zorthian, LA, 25. □ Veronica Sarmanian, MA, 25 • Alice H. Sarou- 50 • Natalie Tanijian, CA, 15 • Marguerite Tar- han, CA, 25 • M/M Armen V. Sarquis, CA, 25 • jan, NY, 20 • M/M Charles Tarkanian, CA. 10 • AGBU-ARTS R E P SEEKS M/M Harry Savoian, CA, 10 • Carina Sawaya, Jeffrey D. Tarpinian, TX, 50 • Leo Tarpinian, PLAY SUBMISSIONS IN, 25 • M/M Hrand Saxenian, MA, 75 • Marga­ MA, 5 • M/M Barry M. Tashian, TN. 20 • Baidzar ret Saxenian, NY, 25 • Virginia Saxenian, NY, Tashjian, Rl, 75 • Lucy Tashjian, CA, 50 • Dr. AGBU-ARTS, a division of the AGBU devoted to the support of Armenian 25 • Nubar Sayarman, CA, 25 • Ratty Schegh- Narine Tashjian, CA, 50 • M/M Simon Tashjian, artists in all artistic disciplines, has launched an effort to produce readings, tayan, IL, 25 • M/M William Scheideman, CA, Ml, 50 • Berj Tashjian, IL, 25 • Raymond Tash­ showcases, and Off-Broadway productions of works on Armenian themes or by 30 • M/M David A. Schlueter, TX, 25 • Vicky jian, PA, 25 • Barbara L. Tashjian, NJ, 20 • Ger­ Armenian playwrights. The new venture, AGBU-ARTS Armenian-American Bogosian Scissors, MO, 25 • Lisa Scribner, CT, ald Tatarian, FL, 50 • S. Myron Tatarian, CA. 50 Repertory Theatre, or AGBU-ARTS REP, under the executive direction of Mr. 1 • Dale V. Sefarian, CA, 10 • M/M Karnik M. • M/M Charles J. Tateosian, CA, 75 • David C. Daniel Adamian, has already successfully presented two formal staged events Seterian, NY, 50 • M/M Harout Seferian, IL, 25 • Tateosian, CA, 50 • M/M Montsic Tatevosian, as well as several informal readings of a variety of new works. Our mandate is Silva Seferian, IL, 25 • Gregory N. Seitz, PA, 50 IL, 50 • Armen Tatevosian, IL, 25 • Michael Tat­ to establish a long-overdue Armenian theatrical presence in New York City. • M/M Vahe Sekdorian, Ml, 10 • Robert Sek- evosian, IL, 25 • Arlene Tatigian, NJ, 25 • Harry AGBU-ARTS REP is committed to discovering and nurturing the many gifted lemian, CO, 50 • Verkin T. Selian, MA, 25 • M/M C. Tatigian, Ml, 25 • M/M Edward A. Tatlian, Armenian talents in the arena of theatre. John N. Sells, CA, 10 • M/M Nerses L. Semerd- NY, 20 • Oscar S. Tatosian, IL, 50 • Sarkis & jian, NY, 50 • M/M Robert Semerdjian, Canada, Oscar Tatosian, IL, 50 • Rev/M Datev Tatoulian, To that end, AGBU-ARTS REP seeks play submissions on Armenian 20 • George A. Serailian, CA, 65 • June C. Ser- CA, 50 • Pamela A. Tavitian, NY, 30 • M/M themes or by Armenian playwrights. We welcome one-act plays as well as full- aydar, FL, 50 • Mary Seraydar, FL, 10 • Garo Michael M. Tchakedjian, CA, 50 • Sarah K. length plays, new as well as previously performed works. Please send all Serpekian, IL, 10 • Prof Ralph G. Setian, CA, 50 Tcheurekdjian, Rl, 10 • Serpouhi Tchilingirian, inquiries and materials for consideration to AGBU-ARTS REP, c/o Sevan • M/M Edward Setrakian, NY, 50 • Levon Sex­ Ml, 25 • Eugenie Tchilinguirian, CA, 10 • Verjine Melikyan, 31 West 52nd Street, New York, NY 10019. ton, CA, 65 • Nancy Seymourian, MA, 25 • Son­ Y. Tekerian, CA, 10 • M/M Haig Tekeyan, MA, ia Shabayan, CA, 10 • Ani N. Shabazian, CA, 10 25 • Dr. Ara S. Tekian, IL, 50 • Teknetzian, Join us as we pursue this exciting new voice in theatre. • Andrew Shadbegian, MA, 25 • Dr. Sarkis M. France, 25 • Edward E. Tellalian, CA, 25 • Harry Shaghalian, Rl, 50 • M/M John Shahinian, CA, Tellalian, CA, 10 • M/M Minas Terdjanian, CT, AGBU-NEWS CORRECTIONS 50 • John Shahinian, CT, 50 • Lena Shahinian, 25 • Daniel H. Terhanian, PA, 10 • Albert Ter- CA, 50 • Shakae Shahinian, NJ, 50 • Annika jenian, NV, 50 • Florence S. Terjenian, MA, 25 • November 1993 Issue Shahinian, Rl, 10 • Bertha A. Shahinian, PA, 10 Surran L. Ternamian, MO, 10 • Ani Tertzakian, • Maral Shahinian, CA, 10 • A. Leon Shahoian, CA, 10 • M/M ArthurTerzian, FL, 50 ‘ Tereza ■ The caption under the photograph of the AGBU Central Board of Directors by CA, 50 • M/M Herbert S. Shahzade, Rl, 75 • Terzian & Nora Terzian, IL, 50 • Vartouhe Terz­ mistake omitted to list Director Dr. Arshavir Gundjian of Montreal, Canada. Flora Shaidjian, CA, 15 • M/M John Shakarian, ian, NY, 50 • Shohig S. Terzian, CA, 35 • Dr/M CA, 15 • Victoria Y. Shakarian, CA, 10 • Krikor Albert S. Terzian, NC, 25 • Annette V. Terzian, ■ AGBU extends it deep appreciation to AGBU Camp Nubar Dinner Chairperson, Shaidjian, CA, 50 • Vartan Shaljian, CA, 50 • CA, 25 • Charles Terzian, NV, 25 • Helen Terz­ Gloria Aslanian and committee members Nancy Zoraian, Mona Agacan and Toleen Adrine Shami, NY, 50 • Diane Shamlin, NY, 60 • ian, NY, 25 • Dr/M James A. Terzian, NY, 25 • Der Hagopian who were inadvertently omitted from the November issue coverage M/M Paul B. Shamshoyan, MA, 25 • M/M Ave- M/M Bedros Terzibasyan, CA, 25 • Lilly B. of the 30th Anniversary celebration. dis Shanlian, CA, 4 0 » Margaret Paregian Sha- Thomas, Ml, 50 • M/M Alex Thomas, CA, 15 • phren, CA, 25 • Dr. Janet Sharistanian, KS, 20 • Dr/M Thomas Thomasian, NY, 25 • Anahid Y. M/M Hart Shekerjian, AZ, 50 • Richard Shelen- Thomassian, NY, 10 • Robert Thompson, NY, gian, PA, 25 • Sara Shenloogian, NJ, 15 • John 10 • M/M Levon P. Thorose, CA, 25 • Gladys Sherinian, AZ, 25 • Lucille E. Sherinian, CA, 15 Thovmasian, Rl, 25 • M/M Onnig Tikiryan, Rl, • Norma Shirinian, CA, 50 • Walton Shooshan- 10 • Mary Tilton, CA, 25 • Dickran S. Tirakian, ian, Ml, 25 • M/M Michael Sikorak, NY, 25 • Ml. 45 • Hegine Tirpan, MA, 10 • Karl M. Tiryak, Saren H. Simitian, CA, 25 • Senator/M Paul PA, 50 • Ohannes Tiryakian, FL, 25 • Virginia M. Simon, DC, 50 • Dorothy Simon, Ml, 10 • M/M Titizian, CA, 10 • Misak Tivriktsyan, CA, 30 • Hrand I. Simonian, CA, 50 • Anne L. Simonian, Garo V. Tokat, IL, 25 • Dorkas Tokes, CA, 25 •

AGBU AGBU SUMMER PROGRAMS THE ARMENIAN STUDIES PROGRAM Help Prepare Armenian AT THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN College Students AND AGRU for a Competitive Job Market ARE PLEASED TO ANNOUNCE SUMMER INTERNSHIP THE 1994 ARMENIAN LANGUAGE SUMMER INSTITUTE IN YEREVAN, ARMENIA OPPORTUNITIES WANTED JUNE 2 8 -AUGUST 26, 1994 Landing a first job after graduating from college can be a formidable task, made especially arduous by today's less than favorable economic conditions. OPEN TO ALL COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY UNDERGRADUATE AND GRADUATE STUDENTS If you are a professional in New York working in such fields as Business & Finance, Law, Public Relations, Media, the Arts, or International Relations, you can THREE COURSES WILL BE OFFERED: join forces with the AGBU New York Summer Intern Program to provide a valuable learning opportunity for Armenian university students by arranging internships in 1. INTENSIVE BEGINNING EASTERN ARMENIAN 183 your company or organization. 2. INTENSIVE BEGINNING WESTERN ARMENIAN 173 3. INTENSIVE INTERMEDIATE WESTERN ARMENIAN 273 An ideal internship would balance learning through observation with actual hands-on experience and direct involvement in specific projects. EIGHT HOURS OF CREDIT FROM THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Every summer an average of twenty-five qualified Armenian undergraduate and All inclusive fee: $3500 graduate students participate in the AGBU New York Intern Program which runs for Application deadline: April 30,1994 eight weeks form early June to mid-August. Since its inception in 1987, the AGBU For information or an application packet, please write or call: Intern Program, sponsored by the contributing members of the President's Club, has collaborated with such prestigious New York institutions as the United Nations, Mer­ Marysia Ostafin rill Lynch, Legal Aid Society, ABC Television, and Columbia Presbyterian Hospital. The Armenian Studies Program/Summer Institute In addition to internship placement services in their chosen field, AGBU Interns 216 Lane Hall are provided housing accommodation at New York University and enjoy a diverse University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ml 48109 schedule of educational and social activities. Tel: 313 747-2237 • Fax: 313 763-4765 If you are interested in providing placement for an AGBU Intern this summer, you will be provided with a prospective intern's resume, two letters of recommenda­ tion, writing sample and a transcript for consideration. There are no salary require­ ments, however, a stipend will be welcomed. For further information, please contact Meline Melikian at the AGBU Intern Program office at (212) 765-8260. Roupen Karakachian from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, 1993 intern at Am erican International Group, a major Wall Street Insurance company. AGBU DOCUMENTARY SEEN BY WANTED: PROGRAM COORDINATOR AUDIENCES WORLDWIDE AGBU Intern Program, NYC office, F/T. Excellent written & verbal communication, organizational & interpersonal skills nec. W.P. a plus. Conduct internship placement, WASHINGTON — A 30-minute documentary on the Armenian General Benevolent administrative duties, writing. Seek creative, energetic leader w/intitiative. Salary: mid Union's activities in Armenia has been distributed worldwide and seen by large audi­ ences from Beirut to Los Angeles. to hi 20’s commensurate w/exp. For info call Meline Melikian (212) 765-8260. The film, shot on location in Yerevan, Gyumri, and Stepanakert, is appropriately titled AGBU In Armenia - Building For The Future, and covers in detail most of the social, educational, medical and humanitarian aspects of AGBU's ongoing Armenia Aid program. These include the American University of Armenia, the Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Center, the Armenian Philharmonic Orchestra, Youth Centers, Soup Kitchens, the Lake Sevan Seminary and others. AGBU-sponsored and financed projects serve more than 200,000 people across Armenia. At least 750 copies of the English-language documentary have already been dis­ tributed to donors and shown to various Armenian and non-Armenian groups and organizations in the United States, Europe, the Middle East, Australia and Latin Amer­ ica. The video was aired on national TV in Lebanon in January. Copies of the documentary are available for a fee of ten dollars from: AGBU - 31 West 52nd Street, New York, NY 10019-6118.

AGHI 39 Ju s t Published TREASURED ARMENIAN RECIPES A HISTORY OF QARABAGH By Dr. George Bournoutian By the AGBU Detroit Women’s Chapter This study, partially subsidized by the AGBU, is a fully annotated English 126 pages, $15.00 translation of Tarikh-e Qarnbagh, a 19th century manuscript on Karabakh written A popular classic by an Azeri official. Without using any Armenian sources, Dr. Bournoutian relying primarily on Muslim sources, has assembled additional material from Arabic, Per­ SIMPLE DIRECTIONS BUT DELICIOUS FOOD. sian, Azeri and Turkish sources (dating from the 19th to the 20th centuries) on OVER 50,000 COPIES SOLD. Karabakh and has incorporated them into the hundreds of footnotes in the text. Arranged according to categories, from appetizers to desserts, the This work challenges the current Azeri claims which deny a historic Armen­ recipes in this collection will conjure up memories to many and ian presence in Karabakh. It proves beyond any doubt that the Armenians, accord­ awaken others to the pleasures of Armenian cooking. ing to all sources, including the Azeri author himself, inhabited the region from ancient times. This hardcover volume includes 5 specially designed historical 1 w ould like to order # ................ @ $15.00 each = .................. maps, the complete facsimile of the original manuscript, glossary, assessment of sources and bibliographical data, and index. (236 pages). add $2.00 shipping & handling per order = ................... I would like to order: # ---------@ $25.00 ea. Total Amount $ TO TA L A M O U N T SEN T = $ ............... Checks payable to AGBU Book Dept. 31 W. 52nd St. 10th floor New York, NY 10019-6118 N a m e :__________ _______________________________________________ A d d ress:_______________________________________________________ Name:_________ ________________________________________ C ity :--------------------------------------------State: Zip: Address: T elep h on e:_____________________________________________________ C ity :___________________________State: Zip: Please add $2.00 for shipping and handling for each order. T elep hone:____________________________ A HISTORY OF THE ARMENIAN GENERAL BENEVOLENT UNION ARMENIAN P EO P LE — Established in 1906 PREHISTORY TO 1500 A.D. PURPOSE: To preserve and promote the Armenian identity and her­ By Dr. George Bournoutian itage through educational, cultural and humanitarian programs. This work was commissioned by the AGBU as an English-lan­ guage text for high school seniors, college Freshmen and the public at M EM BERSHIP: 22,000 large, the volume is a brief but concise survey of the political history of the Armenian people from their origins to 1500 A.D. Rather than treat­ COUNTRIES: Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Belgium, ing the history of Armenia as a distinct phenomenon unrelated to the rest of the world events, this work places Armenian history in the con­ Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Cyprus, Egypt, England, France, text of global history. Included are 18 specially-designed historical Greece, Holland, Iran, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Lebanon, Poland, maps, 10 unique time-lines, 13 illustrations and a bibliographical guide. South Africa, Switzerland, Syria, United States, Uruguay, and (192 pages) Yugoslavia. I would like to order # ................... @ $15.00 each = .................. EDUCATION: 24 Primary, Secondary, Preparatory and Saturday add $2.00 shipping & handling per order = ................. Schools. (6715 students), Scholarship Grants and Loans, Ameri­ can University of Armenia (800 students). TO TA L AM OUN T SEN T = $ ............... COMMUNITY CENTERS & SCHOOLS: Checks payable to AGBU Book Dept. Argentina: Buenos Aires, Cordoba; Armenia: Yerevan; Australia: Sydney; Brazil: Sao Paulo; Canada: Montreal, Toronto; Cyprus: Name: ________________________________________________________ Nicosia, Larnaca; Egypt: Cairo, Alexandria; France: Paris, Mar­ seille, Nice, Lyons, Valence; Greece: Athens, Salonika; Holland: Address: ^ _________________________________________________ Almelo; Iran: Teheran; Lebanon: Beirut, Antelias, Tripoli, Zable; Syria: Aleppo, Damascus, Latakia; Uruguay: Montevideo; U.S.A.: % Saddle Brook, Boston, Chicago, Detroit, Fresno, Los Angeles. City: -------------------------------------State: ________ Zip: PROGRAM S: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Center in Armenia, Telephone: _ ____________ _______ _____________ Summer Career Internships, Intensive Armenian Language Study, Ararat and AGBU Quarterly Publications, International Athletic Games. ALL CHECKS PAYABLE TO AGBU: 31 WEST 52ND STREET, NEW YORK, NY. 10019-6118

10 AGBU FRESNO, CALIFO RNIA JU N IO R S. FEBRUARY, 1929. (left to right, standing) H. C H O O H A D JIA N , R. GORGODIAN, ESTER AND ROSE TA TO SIA N , H. SURABIAN, D. SO LIG IAN, V. A IV A ZIA N , D. PROODIAN, M. H A C H IG IA N . (left to right, seated) A. K E O S H Y A N , D. T A T O A IA N , L. M O O JIA N , A ' R U S T IG IA N , L. D A R B Y ZA N JIA N , J. K A LA K IA N . Photograph from archives of Arthur Rustigian. AGBU 31 West 52nd Street, New York, NY 10019-6118 ft