MBRIDG E
M
0
wit h ans w {AAJ; LEVE L 1
Fiona Davis and Wayne Rimmer
Series Editor: Penny Ur
m
active
GRAMMAR
LEVEL 1
With answers
Fiona Davis and Wayne Rimmer
Series editor: Penny Ur
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore,
São Paulo, Delhi, Dubai, Tokyo, Mexico City
Cambridge University Press
The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK
www.cambridge.org
Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521732512
© Cambridge University Press 2011
This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception
and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements,
no reproduction of any part may take place without the written
permission of Cambridge University Press.
Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge
A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library
ISBN 978-0-521-73251-2 Paperback with answers and CD-ROM
ISBN 978-0-521-17368-1 Paperback without answers and CD-ROM
Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or
accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in
this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is,
or will remain, accurate or appropriate. Information regarding prices, travel
timetables and other factual information given in this work is correct at
the time of first printing but Cambridge University Press does not guarantee
the accuracy of such information thereafter.
First published 2011
Introduction
What is Active Grammar?
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Yehh[ifedZije7'Å7(\"B[l[b(je8'Å8(\"WdZB[l[b)je9'Å9($J^[Xeeai]_l[
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fh[fWh_d]\\eh9WcXh_Z][;IEB[nWci$
How are the books organised?
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How do I use the book?
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ki[Wdokd_jeh]hekfe\\kd_jii[fWhWj[bo_\\oekmWdjje\\eYkiedWfWhj_YkbWhWh[W
e\\]hWccWh$
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cWj[h_Wb_dYbWii$
mmm$YWcXh_Z][$eh]%[bj%WYj_l[]hWccWh
?djheZkYj_edÿ
Contents
Introduction 3
1 Word class and word order 6
?dj^[mehbZjeZWo
Present
2 Be 8
7h[oekcoied5
3 Present simple 1: statements 10
CWoX[oekadem^[h$
4 Present simple 2: negatives and questions 12
:eoekb_a[peei5
5 Present continuous 14
I^[Êim[Wh_d]WXh_]^jo[bbemZh[ii$
6 Present continuous and present simple 16
?ÊcmWba_d]Å?ZedÊj^Wl[WYWh$
7 Imperatives 18
IjWoYWbc
R1 Review: present simple and present continuous 20
Past
8 Past simple 1: was / were 22
>[mWiWfefkbWh^[he$
9 Past simple 2: regular past forms 24
I^[b_l[Z_dWjh[[$
10 Past simple 3: irregular past forms 26
J^[oifea[9[bj_YbWd]kW][i$
11 Past continuous 28
;l[hoed[mWijWba_d]WXekjj^[Wbb_]Wjehi$
R2 Review: past simple and past continuous 30
12 Present perfect 1 32
J^[oÊl[Wbh[WZo_dl[dj[Z_j
13 Present perfect 2 34
>Wl[oek[l[hjh_[ZckijWhZ_Y[Yh[Wc5
14 Present perfect 3 36
J^[o^Wl[b_l[Zj^[h[\\ehY[djkh_[i$
15 Present perfect or past simple? 38
J^[YecfWdo^Wi_dl[dj[Zj^[CWYWdZj^[_FeZ$
16 Used to 40
I_Yaf[efb[e\\j[dki[Zjeib[[f_dj[cfb[i$
R3 Review: present perfect and used to 42
The future
17 Will, shall, won’t 44
?^ef[oekÊbb[d`eooe]W$
18 Present continuous with future meaning 46
I^[ÊiÔo_d]je=bWi]emjecehhem$
19 Be going to 48
?Êc]e_d]jeki[cW]_Y$
R4 Review: the future 50
Modal verbs
20 Modal verbs: can, could, be able to 52
>emYWdZe]i^[bfki5
21 Modals for requests: can, could, may 54
9ekbZm[]eedWiW\\Wh_5
22 Must, have to and can’t 56
?^Wl[jeijWo^[h[$
23 Should, ought to 58
Oeki^ekbZjWa[eùoekhi^e[i$
24 Modals of possibility: may, might 60
M[cWod[l[hadem¾
R5 Review: modals 62
Questions and answers
25 Yes / no questions and short answers 64
7h[X[[jb[i_cfehjWdj5O[i\"j^[oWh[
26 Question words: Where? When? Why? 66
How? Whose?
>emZ_Z^[Z_[5
27 Object and subject questions 68
M^eijkZ_[ZWj>e]mWhji5
28 Be like and look like 70
M^WjZe[iMebl[h_d[beeab_a[5
29 What? and Which? 72
M^_Y^e\\j^[c_ij^[gk[[dX[[5
30 How …? questions 74
>emYebZ_ij^[9^Wdd[b5
31 So and neither 76
D[_j^[hZe?$
32 Question tags 78
9^eYebWj[_iXWZ\\ehoek\"_idÊj_j5
R6 Review: questions and answers 80
Verbs
33 Have and have got 82
>Wl[oek]ejW\\Wlekh_j[YheYeZ_b[5
34 Make, do and get 84
:eoek][jWd]ho5
35 Prepositional verbs 86
J^_daWXekj_j
36 Phrasal verbs 88
7\\h_[dZjej_Zokfoekhheec$
Ā
37 Verbs with two objects 90
J[bboekh\\h_[dZij^[jhkj^$
38 Verb + -ing or verb + to-infinitive; like and 92
would like
B[Whdjeif[WaWdobWd]kW][_djmem[[ai
39 State verbs 94
?cW]_d[Wijeho$
R7 Review: verb structures 96
Articles, nouns, pronouns, etc.
40 Countable and uncountable nouns 98
M^[h[Ze[iiWdZYec[\\hec5
41 Plural nouns 100
>[Wj[ĄćiWdZm_Y^[i_dj[dc_dkj[i$
42 Articles 1 102
:eoekademj^[Wdim[h5
43 Articles 2 104
FbWocki_YWdZmWjY^j^[X_hZi$
R8 Review: nouns and articles 106
44 This, that, these, those 108
J^_i_ic[$
45 Some, any, no, none 110
J^[h[Wh[dejhW_diehXki[i$
46 Something, everywhere, nobody, anyone 112
IWodej^_d]$
47 Much, many, a lot of, a little, a few 114
7beje\\\\kd
48 Subject and object pronouns 116
?ZedÊjademj^[cWdZj^[oZedÊjademc[$
49 Possessive ’s 118
Co]h[Wj#]hWdZ\\Wj^[hÊib[jj[hi
50 Whose?, my, mine 120
M^ei[XW]_ij^_i5
51 There and it 122
?jÊiWl[hokdkikWbXeea$
R9 Review: pronouns; possessives; quantifiers 124
Adjectives and adverbs
52 Adjectives 126
?jÊiWmedZ[h\\kbfbWY[$
53 Order of adjectives 128
$$$medZ[h\\kb]ebZ[di^e[i$$$
54 Comparatives 130
?jÊid[Wh[hj^Wdoekj^_da$
55 Superlatives 132
J^[bem[ijfe_djed;Whj^
56 Adverbs of manner 134
;Wj^[Wbj^_bo$
57 Comparative and superlative adverbs 136
M^_Y^m_bb\\Wbb\\Wij[h5
58 -ed and -ing adjectives 138
?i_j[nY_j_d]5
59 Too and enough 140
J^_iY^W_h_ijeeie\\j$
60 Adverbs of frequency 142
M[WbmWoi^Wl[Zh[Wci$
R10 Review: adjectives and adverbs 144
Prepositions
61 Prepositions of place 146
?Êl[b[\\jcoa[oiWj^ec[$
62 Prepositions of time: at, in, on 148
?j^Wff[d[ZWjd_]^j$
63 Prepositions of movement 150
=[jeùj^[XeWjWdZim_cjej^[_ibWdZ$
R11 Review: prepositions 152
The passive
64 Passive: present and past simple 154
7beje\\hkXX_i^_ifheZkY[Z$
Conditionals
65 Zero and first conditionals 156
?\\oekijkZoY^[c_ijho\"oekÊbbd[l[hijefb[Whd_d]$
66 Second conditional 158
?ÊZj^hemWYWa[Wj^_c_\\^[Z_ZdÊjijef$
R12 Review: the passive; conditionals 160
Reported speech
67 Reported speech 162
I^[iW_Zi^[mekbZd[l[h^Wl[WfWhjoW]W_d$
68 Say and tell 164
I^[jebZc[jec[[j^[h$
Relative clauses
69 Defining relative clauses 166
7XWbb]Wc[j^Wj_ifbWo[Z_dcWdoYekdjh_[i
R13 Review: reported speech; say / tell;
relative clauses 168
Linking words and sentences
70 Linking words: and, but, or, so, because 170
M^Wj_iĆ\"ćĀĀacbed]WdZcWZ[e\\ijed[5
71 Time and sequence adverbs: first, then, afterwards 172
7\\j[hbkdY^m[l_i_jj^[F[]kY^[MWj[h\\Wbb$
72 Both, either, neither 174
J^[oXej^b_l[_dW\\WdjWiomehbZ$
73 Word order 176
Ekji_Z[j^[fehjjeZWo
R14 Review: linking words and word order 178
Appendices
L[hXj[di[i '.&
?hh[]kbWhl[hXi '.'
If[bb_d]0l[hXi '.(
If[bb_d]0WZ`[Yj_l[i\"WZl[hXiWdZdekdi '.)
=beiiWho '.*
=hWccWh_dZ[n '.,
Answer key '.-
ā
Ă
1 Word class and word order
In the world today
Word class and word order
ý 7dekdYWdX[i_d]kbWhff[$]$mehbZfiehfbkhWbff[$]$
Yecfkj[hi\"f[efb[fi$
;nWcfb[ie\\dekdiWh[0
cWd\"]_hbfff[efb[fi
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mehbZfffbWY[ifi
ikYY[iiffgkWb_j_[ifi
þ 7fhedekdYWdh[fbWY[Wdekd$
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ÿ 7dWZ`[Yj_l[Z[iYh_X[iWdekd$
;nWcfb[ie\\WZ`[Yj_l[iWh[0
gk_Ya\"Xhemd\"Óhij\"Z_ù[h[dj\"]eeZ
Ā 7Z`[Yj_l[ikikWbboYec[X[\\eh[j^[dekd$
WÓhijbWd]kW][DEJWbWd]kW][Óhij
7Z`[Yj_l[i^Wl[defbkhWb\\ehc$
Z_ù[h[djbWd]kW][iDEJZ_ù[h[djibWd]kW][i
ā 7l[hXYWdh[\\[hjej^[fWij\"fh[i[djeh\\kjkh[$
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if[Wa\"`kcfffWYj_edifi
X[\"b_a[\"ijWoffijWj[ifi
Ă 7dWZl[hXYWdZ[iYh_X[Wl[hX\"WdWZ`[Yj_l[ehWm^eb[
i[dj[dY[$;nWcfb[ie\\WZl[hXiWh[0
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l[ho\"[njh[c[boffWZl[hXij^WjZ[iYh_X[WZ`[Yj_l[ifi
^em[l[h\"iec[j_c[i\"bkYa_boffWZl[hXij^WjZ[iYh_X[
i[dj[dY[ifi
ă 7i[dj[dY[kikWbboYedjW_diWikX`[YjffIfiWdZWl[hXffLfi$
>[ffIfimedffLfi$
M_bb_WciffIfimWiffLfij^[m_dd[h$
Ekhj[WcffIfi_ifbWo_d]ffLfi_dj^[X_]ijWZ_kc$
Ą CWdoi[dj[dY[iYedjW_dWdeX`[YjffEfi$?dj^[i[
i[dj[dY[ij^[mehZehZ[h_iILE$
I^[ffIfimedffLfij^[hWY[ffEfi$
ą 7Zl[hXim^_Y^Z[iYh_X[Wl[hXkikWbboYec[Wjj^[[dZ
e\\Wi[dj[dY[$
CoXhej^[hif[Wai;d]b_i^gk_Yabo$
There are 26 letters in the English alphabet. The sentence
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog uses all 26 letters.
In the world today, people speak around 2,700 different languages.
More than 750 million people use the English language.
But only about 350 million people speak it as a fi rst language.
About 885 million people speak Chinese as their fi rst language.
About 80% of the information on the world’s computers is in English.
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MehZYbWiiWdZmehZehZ[hă
Practice
My test!
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ā 9Wj\"hWXX_j\"Ze]WdZidWa[Wh[ $ W WZl[hXi X dekdi Y fhedekdi
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b[Wl[i cWd ceed
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ijWj_ed j[dd_icWjY^ mecWd
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icWbb ijh_fo jWbb k]bo
medZ[h\\kb oekd]
Ā X[ ZWdY[ [Wj ]e ^Wl[
mWjY^ m_d
ā Wd]h_bo ^Wff_bo gk_Yabo
gk_[jbo iWZbo ibembo
Demki[j^[mehZi\\hecj^[jWXb[je
cWa[j[dehceh[i[dj[dY[iWdZmh_j[
j^[c_doekhdej[Xeea$Ki[j^[l[hX_d
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ckijX[Yehh[YjXkjj^[oYWdX[YhWpo
;nWcfb[04HE TALL MAN ATE HIS PIZZA SLOWLY
My turn!
7 <_dZ[nWcfb[ie\\dekdi\"fhedekdi\"l[hXi\"WZ`[Yj_l[i
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ý J^[Wbf^WX[j^Wi(,b[jj[hi$
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ā
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ffWZ`[Yj_l[fi
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ă ?ijkZoWjiY^eeb$?ÊcW $ffdekdfi
Ą Coj[WY^[h h[Wbbo]eeZijeh_[i$ffl[hXfi
ą J^[omehaWjj^[ $J^[oÊh[dkhi[i$ffdekdfi
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Ą m[%Óbc%j^[%d[m%iWm ALPHABET LETTERS
HAS
THE ALPHABET
HAPPY
(E WALKS QUICKLY
NOUNS
CoJ[ijWdim[hi0'W(W)Y*Y+X
Ą
Be
ý Ki[X[je]_l[WdZWia
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?i^[_d;d]bWdZ5
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JmeXeoiWh[āąo[Whi
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Ā Ki[X[jeZ[iYh_X[j^[
m[Wj^[h$
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ā Ki[X[jejWbaWXekj
j_c[WdZfbWY[$
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i^ehj\\ehc$
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J^[ebZA_d]_idejm[bb\"
^[Êii_Ya$
J^[A_d]l_i_jij^[fh_dY[ffeh_i^[j^[feehXeo5fi$
King: I don’t understand! Are you my son?
Tom: No, I’m not a prince, I’m poor.
King: Are you sure? Your clothes
v
are not
ery old!
Tom: They’re not my clothes
Edw
. They’re
ard’s clothes. He’s poor now.
King: Oh no! This is terrible! Is it true?
Tom: Yes, it is. I’m really sorry, King Henry
You aren’t
.
my father, you’re my King.
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Xkj^[_i;ZmWhZÊi\\Wj^[h
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Be 2 Are you my son?
Practice
My test!
9_hYb[j^[Yehh[Yjefj_ed$
ý JecWdZ;ZmWhZ $
W ^Wl['+o[Whi X _i'+o[WhiebZ
Y Wh['+o[WhiebZ
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W _idÊjW X Wh[dÊj Y _idÊj
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W ?i X ?j Y ?jÊi
Ā 707h[oekcoied5 80De\" $
W ?Êcdej X ?WcdÊj Y ?Wc
ā 70 jeZWo5 80De\"_j_idÊj$?jÊimWhc$
W ?iYebZ X ?i_jYebZ Y ?jYebZ
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ý CoceX_b[f^ed[ d[m$
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ÿ 9eõ[[ co\\Wlekh_j[Zh_da$
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ā Co[o[i Xbk[$
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ă Coi^e[i Yb[Wd$
Ą ? Wj^ec[$
ą >_ijehoXeeai _dj[h[ij_d]$
ýü CoX[Z d[njjej^[Zeeh$
My turn!
7 KdZ[hb_d[j^[Yehh[Yjefj_ed$
ý ?X[%Wc%_ijm[bl[o[WhiebZ$
þ J^[oX[%Wc%Wh[_dj^[]WhZ[d$
ÿ ?jWc%_i%Wh[i_neÊYbeYa$
Ā OekX[%_i%Wh[WZ[dj_ij$
ā ?Wc%_i%Wh[_dj^[ijWj_ed$
Ă ?jWc%_i%Wh[l[ho^ej$
ă Coi_ij[hWc%_i%Wh[Wjmeha$
Ą ?X[%Wc%Wh[^kd]ho$
ą M[Wc%_i%Wh[ijkZ[dji$
ýü J^[XeeaX[%_i%Wh[WXekjj_][hi$
8 9ecfb[j[j^[i[dj[dY[i\\hecijeh_[im_j^j^[fh[i[dj
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ý J^[feehXeo^WideYeWj$>[ YebZ$
þ M[Wh[j^[j^h[[X[Whi$M[ _dj^[meeZi$
ÿ 9_dZ[h[bbW_ihkdd_d]^ec[$?j '(eÊYbeYa$
Ā Jm[[Zb[ZkcWdZJm[[Zb[Z[[^Wl[j^[iWc[fWh[dji$
J^[o Xhej^[hi$
ā J^[cedij[h^WiWl[hok]bo\\WY[$>[
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( ''o[WhiebZWdZ?)
ffdejfi l[ho_dj[h[ij[Z
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feehWdZj^[o'& WbmWoi^kd]ho$;ZmWhZ''ffdejfi
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J^[dcWa[;ZmWhZÊih[fb_[im_j^i^ehjWdim[hiki_d]X[$
ý oek%fh_dY[5
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;ZmWhZ0 $
ÿ oekhcej^[h%j^[Gk[[d5
Jec0 5
;ZmWhZ0 $
Ā m[%Xhej^[hi5
Jec0 5
;ZmWhZ0 $?ZedÊj^Wl[W
Xhej^[h$
ā oekhi_ij[hi%^[h[5
Jec0 5
;ZmWhZ0 $J^[oÊh[_d<hWdY[$
Ă oek%l[hoh_Y^5
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;ZmWhZ0 $
ă _j%YebZ%_doekh^eki[5
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Ą ?%oekh\\h_[dZ5
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8[ą
S
IS
!RE YOU A PRINCEfi 9ES ) AM
ISN´T
CoJ[ijWdim[hi0'Y(W)Y*W+X
ýü
Present simple 1: statements
ý Ki[j^[fh[i[dji_cfb[\\eh0
Åj^_d]ij^WjWh[WbmWoiehkikWbbojhk[
?jd[l[hhW_di_d9W_he$
Åh[]kbWhehh[f[Wj[Z[l[dji
J^[omWbajeiY^eebje][j^[h$
ÅijWj[i\"m_j^l[hXiikY^Wi\\[[b\" ^Wj[\"adem\"b_a[\"
beea\"bel[\"fh[\\[h\"j^_da\"kdZ[hijWdZ\"mWdj$
M[j^_dai^[Êiāą$CWoX[oekadem^[h$
þ Ki[j^[_dÓd_j_l[m_j^ekjjem_j^?\"oek\"m[WdZj^[o$
7ZZ#im_j^^[\"i^[WdZ_j$
ijWj[c[dj
?%Oek%M[%J^[o j^_da
>[%I^[%?j j^_dai
ÿ If[bb_d]e\\j^[ÓdWb#i0
M_j^ceijl[hXi\"`kijWZZ#iW\\j[hj^[l[hX$
j^_da©^[j^_dai
7\\j[hl[hXim^_Y^[dZ #e\"#Y^\"#i^\"#ii\"#n\" WZZ #[i$
]e©i^[]e[i
YWjY^©^[YWjY^[i
fki^©i^[fki^[i
c_ii©_jc_ii[i
Ón©i^[Ón[i
M^[dj^[l[hX[dZi_dYediedWdj!#o\"Zhefj^[#o WdZ
WZZ#_[i$
Ôo©j^[X_hZÔ_[i
8kjWZZ#i m^[dj^[l[hX[dZi_dlem[b!#o$
fbWo©^[fbWoi
[d`eo©i^[[d`eoi
?hh[]kbWh\\ehci0
^Wl[©^[^Wi
Present simple 1: statements 3 Maybe you know her.
7dim[h0<Wbi[
? Jhk[eh<Wbi[5 BWobWb_l[i_d;]ofj$
There’s a new girl at school.
Maybe you know her.
She has beautiful black hair down to her waist.
Her big, brown eyes are pools of chocolate.
?dj^[fh[i[dji_cfb[\"j^[l[hX
edboY^Wd][im_j^^[\"i^[eh_j$
Ieh[c[cX[h¾
tip
X I[[fW][ýĄþ\\ehceh[if[bb_d]hkb[i$
7iiiiiiidWa[d[l[hib[[fiiiiiiiii$
The new girl’s name is Layla. My sister and I see her every day. We
think she’s 15. She lives in the apartments on the corner of our
street. She goes to the library after school. I hope she is happy.
Layla has a young brother. They walk to school together. Her mum
works as a cleaner at our school. She comes from Egypt. I don’t
know much about Egypt. My dad says that it never rains in Cairo.
Practice
A Change the infinitive without to of these verbs into the
correct present simple form with it.
1 play it ptoijS 2 do
4 fix
7 teach
10 wash
5
8
miss
think
3
6
9
enjoy
say
try
B Complete these facts about Egypt. Use the correct
present simple forms of the verbs in the box.
buy come have have live show study visit
1 Egypt fi&5 a population of around 80 million.
2 17 million people in Cairo.
3 The name 'Egypt' from the Greek word
Egyptos.
4 Around 6,000,000 tourists Egypt every year.
5 Every tourist presents from a night market.
6 Egypt about 100 pyramids.
7 Tourist guides people the pyramids of Giza.
8 An egyptologist is a person who Egyptian
history from a long time ago.
C Complete Layla's letter using the correct present
simple forms of the verbs in brackets.
Every morning 1 1
Wiki (make)
breakfast for my brother and me.
I
2 (walk) to school with my
brother. We
3 (see) the same two
girls. They always
4 (say) 'hello'.
1
5
(feel) lonely sometimes, but I
really like my new school. The school
6
(have) a very good library.
My brother ' (go) to primary
school. He always
8 (wear) his
old red coat. My mother
9 (go) to
work early in the morning. She
1 0
(work) very hard.
Thank you for the card. You
1 1
(write) very good letters.
Write again soon!
Love, Layla
about your school morning.
Every morning I (vave breakfast with ituj famitij.
I always
You never
My teacher
The school
My friends sometimes
We
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
| Circle the correct option.
I 1 to the shops. a They walks b She walk c He walks
2 Layla's mum by bus. a go b gos c goes
3 in Cairo. a It never rains b It never rain c It's never rain
4 big brown eyes. a Layla have b Layla haves c Layla has
5 Her mum English. a study b studys c studies
3C 3fc Bf 37 : T :SJBMSUE iisai Aw
Present simple 1 11
4 Present simple 2: negatives and questions
Do you like zoos?
n o n
c v
Do you (ike zoos?
Do you think zoos are a good idea?
Welcome t o Anima l Worl d Park i n California , USA.
The par k i s differen t fro m othe r zoos. We hel p animal s
i n danger . When i t i s possible , we retur n young
animal s t o thei r homes.
We have more tha n 30 gorilla s
i n th e park . A mothe r gorill a
doesn' t have many babies . A babygorill a stay s wit h it s mothe r fo r
thre e years .
You ofte n fin d colobu s monkeys i n
zoos. They ar e i n danger because
the y have beautifu l fur . Young
colobu s monkeys don' t have blac k
and whit e fu r - thei r fu r i s
white .
a tot ot money.
m
Find th e name s o f th e animal s in th e photos .
Xa>|uoui snqo]03 e pile B||uo8 E :J9MSUV
Present simple 2: negatives and
questions
1 To make negative form s in th e present simple , use don't
and doesn't + th e infinitiv e for m withou t to o f th e verb.
They don't have black and white fur.
A mother gorilla doesn't have many babies.
negative X
1/ You /We /They do no t (don't) believe
He/She/I t does no t (doesn't) believe
2 To make a question, use do or does in fron t o f th e subject.
Do you like zoos ?
Does the park cost a lot of money?
3 Use do or does in th e affirmativ e shor t answer and don't
or doesn't in th e negative shor t answer .
Yes, I do.
No, he doesn't.
There is no -s on th e main verb afte r does or doesn't.
She doesn't think... NO T She doesn't thinks...
Does she know? NO T Does she knows ?
question ? shor t answer / X
D o 1 / you / we /the y like...? Yes, (1) do.
No, (1) don't.
Does he / she / it like...? Yes, (he) does.
No, (he) doesn't.
1 2
Practice
A Underline th e correc t option .
1 I don't know /doesn't know the answer.
2 Most trees don't grow/doesn't grow very quickly.
3 Do/Does Sara understand this?
4 Do/Does you want t o talk about it?
5 The price don't include/doesn't include service.
6 I don't think/doesn't think he's very nice.
7 We don't see/doesn't see our grandparents very often .
8 They don't live/doesn't live very near.
B Complete th e tex t abou t black rhinos using th e correc t
present simple form s o f th e verbs in brackets .
W e 1 WW (have) a large number o f rhinos
living here. Black rhinos 2 (not live) in
groups. They 3 (prefer) t o live alone.
Black rhinos are in danger because o f thei r horns. People
4 (use) the
horns as medicine.
A mother black rhino
5 (not have)
many babies. A baby
6 (stay) wit h
its mother for three t o fou r
years. The mother rhino
7 (not stay) wit h the father .
Rhinos 8 (not fight) wit h othe r animals in
the park. In fact, they are friendl y animals.
C Make present simpl e questions fro m th e words , the n
answer the questions in your noteboo k using shor t
answers.
1 a mechanic / fix cars
Dees a mechanic {i£ cars?
2 you/wor k at the weekend
Oojoa worfc. attkt, wukudL
3 a vet / look after animals
4 zoo keepers/work in shops
5 a young colobus monkey / have whit e fu r
6 we/g o t o school on Sundays
7 nurses / wor k in a hospital
8 you/d o spor t in the evening
D Read par t o f an intervie w wit h a gorill a keeper .
Complet e her answers, using th e verbs in th e box.
not eat not fight got up not go home
have not look after love
have
1 Yes, I tyt U.p at 6.30 every morning.
2 Yes, but they bananas all the time . They
like a lot o f other fruit, too .
3 The gorillas in the park are all friends. They
4 Yes, it does. The park more than 50 gorillas. 5 Yes, they do. W e a baby gorilla in the park at the moment.
6 Yes, but sometimes a mothe r
her baby. Then we help the baby.
7 Yes, I give the baby milk every four hours, day and
night. I in the evening. I sleep at the park.
8 I my job ! No day is the same!
mum
J Wha t di d th e interviewe r ask? Mak e present simple
questions using th e word s in bracket s and writ e the m
in your notebook .
1 PojSMfc t ap earUjf* (early)
2 ? (bananas)
3 ? (fight)
4 ?(a lot o f gorillas)
5
6
7
8
?(have babies)
? (stay wit h its mother ] ? (drink milk)
'(like)
N o w thin k o f at least thre e mor e present simple questions f o r th e gorill a keeper and writ e the m in your notebook.
B: No, I don't,
c Do you want
c doesn't visit
Circle th e correc t option .
1 A: t o go t o the zoo?
a You want s b Wan t you
2 W e zoos very often,
a aren't visit b don't visit
3 M y sister zoos.
a doesn't like b doesn't likes c don't like
4 She says the animals a very happy life,
a not have b doesn't have c don't have
5 A: Do the rhinos fight wit h other animals?
B:No,
a doesn't they b it doesn't c they don't
' .VSOTWSVVVWW W DCJ Of E £ (\\l 0\\ :SJ9AASUE j;S3J_ A\"\\AJ
Present simpl e 2 1 3
O Wh o is ill? a Mark b Monica c Nicole
Mark: Hi, Monica. Are youlookingfor Nicole'
„ i f Y« ,ve'rewairingforherartheparry.
iark: No, she isn't. She's lying on the »
Monica: Are you serious Everyone's arriving now.
Mark: She isn't feeling well.
Mo^^as^e ^ ^ X
plavinghis new gmtar and some peop
'strange g^Bia ^ i.^^ ^ ^ yellow dress and a green hat. She s... a y
Mark: Wait a minute... Nicole is coming now .J
See you there, Monica.
:j3Msuy
Present continuous
1 The present continuou s describes
a temporar y activit y in progress
at or around now.
She is lying on the sofa now.
present futur e
I'm reading this book at the
moment.
Mark is speaking on the phone.
Are you listening?
2 Mak e present continuou s
statement s wit h am / is / are +
-ing form o f th e verb.
/ am watching TV.
Monica is washing her hair.
We are drinking coffee.
3 Mak e negatives, questions and
shor t form s like this :
/ am not watching TV.
Is Monica washing her hair?
A: Are they drinking coffee?
B: Yes, they are.
statement / negative X
1 am ('m) workin g 1 am no t f m not) workin g
You / We / They are ('re) workin g You / W e / They are no t (aren't / 're not) workin g
He / She / It is fs) workin g He / She / It is no t (isn't /'s not) workin g
question ? shor t answer / X
A m 1 working ? Yes, 1 am.
No, 1 am no t f m not).
A r e you / we / the y working ? Yes, (you) are.
No, (you) are no t (aren't / 're not).
Is he / she / it working ? Yes, (he) is.
No, (he) is no t (isn't /'s not).
If a verb ends in -e, dro p th e -e.
dance -* People are dancing. NOT... danccing
If a verb ends in one vowe l and one consonant, doubl e th e consonant.
stop The train is stopping. NOT... stoping
• See page 182 for more spelling rules.
• See Units 6 and 18 for more information on the present continuous.
1 4
Practice
A Underline th e correc t option .
1 She is walking/are walking dow n the street.
2 People is singing/are singing to o loudly.
3 We isn't waiting/aren't waiting in the right place.
4 I am running/is running because I'm late.
5 Hello? Are I speaking/Am I speaking t o Lucy?
6 The guests is not enjoying /are not enjoying the party
much.
7 At the moment I am living/are living wit h my friend.
8 /s that boy smiling/Are that boy smiling at me?
B Complete the sentences using th e present continuou s
of the verbs in brackets .
1 It's raining. (rain)
2 The baby is not crijituj now. (not cry)
3 We our holiday, (plan)
4 I t o school, (walk)
5 They very fast, (not run)
6 The cat some milk, (drink)
7 I a good time , (not have)
8 He a compute r upstairs, (carry)
9 She hard today, (not work)
C Complete th e telephon e conversation using th e present
continuous o f th e verbs in brackets . Some are negatives
or questions.
'Hello, Dad. Yes, I'm still at the party. What's happening?
Well, everyone 1 i ddhdh^ (dance) but I 2
(sit) on the sofa. Geoff (tell) some friends
about his holiday and he 4 (show) the m the
pictures. Diego and Bianca 5
(look) at the
pictures because the y think they are boring. What ? Oh ,
that's Helen. She 6
(shout), she jus t speaks
very loudly. I'm glad she 7
(sing) - she is a
terrible singer! Wait... Nicole 8 (come) in the
door. She looks O K now. Everyone 9 (smile).
Anyway, what about you, Dad?
1 0
(do)
anything interesting? I see. Great, they 1 1
(bring) the food. I'm hungry! I'll phone later. Bye.'
D Complet e th e sentences using th e present continuous o f
t h e verbs in th e box. Some are negatives or questions.
carry feel play stay study
talk tr y watch wear writ e
1
2
3
5
6
flrejjoa watcfvuuj this film?
I very well.
A: Be quiet! W e t o listen t o the radio!
B: Sorry.
A: M y team are losing again!
B: They very wel l this season.
Sarah, my red dress?
A: Where's Robert ?
B: He a letter .
7 A: you
anything dangerous wit h you, Sir?
B: No, there's nothing dangerous in my suitcase.
8 Everyone about her purple hair.
9 Alice
Economics at university?
10 A: Can I phone you at the hotel ?
B: No, I there.
/ Answe r th e questions in you r noteboo boo kk usin usingg shor shor t t
answers .
1 Is it raining? 2 Are you watching TV?
Yes, i t is. Klo, I'm. wt .
3 Are you wearing jeans?
4 Are any o f your friends sitting near you?
5 Are you feeling hungry?
6 Is your mobil e phone ringing?
7 Are you writin g this wit h a black pen?
8 Is your watch / the clock showing the right time ?
9 Are you listening t o any music?
| Circle the correc t option .
1 well, so I want t o stay in bed. a I amn't feeling b I aren't feeling
2 A: the guitar ? B:Yes, he is. a Is Diego playing b Diego is playing
3 Everyone at the party a aredanceing b dancing c is dancing
4 A: Is Bianca wearing a yellow dress? B:Yes, a she wears b she are
5 Mark t o Monica. a isn't listening b not listening c don't listen
c I'm not feeling
c Is playing Diego
c she is
eg ~>y ->i E £ ox :sj9M5u e \\\\<&\\_ XPresent continuou s 1 5
6 Present continuous and present simple
I'm walking -1 don't have a car.
Good. I never driv e in \" '
Paris. The traffic is terrible.
ine the correct option: Paris is a bad / good place for cars.
pEq IJ9MSUV
Present continuous and present
simple
1 Use th e present simpl e t o tal k or ask abou t
things tha t are always or usually true .
Do you speak English ?
We don't have a car.
2 Use th e present simpl e t o tal k or ask abou t
regula r or repeated events and habits .
Sandra phones her mother every day.
Do you drink coffee in the morning?
3 W e ofte n use th e present simpl e wit h adverbs
o f frequenc y [always, never, sometimes, etc.).
It never snows here in summer.
I sometimes dream about you.
4 Use th e present continuou s t o describe an
activit y in progress no w / around now, or an
unfinished activity .
Are you reading this page. (= now)
They are building a shopping centre. (= it is
not finished yet)
5 W e rarel y use th e present continuou s fo r
verbs whic h are abou t states, no t actions ,
e.g. believe, know, like, love, need, seem,
understand, want. See Unit 39.
/ know English. NO T I'm knowing...
Do you need a pen?NOT Are you needing... ?
present simple present continuous
He usually walk s t o work. He's walkin g t o wor k today.
It doesn't rain on the moon. It isn't raining at the moment.
D o you ever read comics? She's reading a comic now.
1 have tw o brothers. I'm having a shower.
Charles plays the piano. Charles isn't at home. He's
playing in a concert.
A: Wha t do you do?
B: I'm a taxi driver.
A: Wha t are you doing?
B: I'm drivin g t o the airport.
The present simpl e is much mor e commo n tha n th e
present continuous , and in mos t cases yo u should use
t h e present simple .
/ think it's nice. NO T I'm thinking...
She is Turkish and she comes from Istanbul.
NOT... she's coming...
• See Units 3 and 5 for more information on the
present simple and present continuous.
1 6
Practice
A Underline th e correc t option .
1 They play/are playing rugby twice a week.
2 Are you having / Do you have breakfast every morning?
3 It snows/is snowing so we can't go skiing.
4 Your guide speaks/is speaking three languages.
5 We don't know/aren't knowing the way.
6 The DJ plays/is playing my favourite song.
7 Do you like /Are you liking the food?
8 \\'mnot laughing /don't laugh, I'm crying / cry.
D Complet e thi s postcard wit h th e
present simpl e or present continuous
o f th e verbs in brackets .
B Match the pairs.
She speaks French well ^ ^ a
She is speaking French -^^ b
It rains a lot a
It's raining a lot b
She always has lunch a
She's having lunch b
because the touris t doesn't know Italian,
because her mothe r is fro m Paris.
in Mozambique ,
and I'm wet.
- please phone later,
at school.
7 A: Do you buy compute r a B: Yes, I'm in the shop.
Hi, Rita,
1 1 fc.M*M$ (have) a lovely time in
Manchester. The weather is nice and warm today,
\"the sun (shine) and everyone
(wear) T-shirts. Our teacher
is great. He 4 (come) from
Manchester to o but he 5
(not speak) English with an accent. We
(study) three hours in the
morning and 7 (go) on excursions
in the afternoon. Now 1 8 (sit) in
a cafe on King Street. 1 9 (not
think) a king really 1 0 (live) here!
How are you? 1 1
(work)
thi s summer? Write soon.
Love, Julio
9
10
games?
A: Are you buying a
computer game?
I don't work.
I'm not working.
11 A: What is she doing?
12 A: What does she do?
b B: No, I download them
fro m the Internet.
a It's Sunday,
b I'm a student.
a B: She's reading,
b B: She's a student.
C Complete th e dialogues using th e verbs in th e box in th e present
simple or present continuous . Some are negatives or questions .
agree carry know need rain understand wait wear
/—H 3B
You are on holiday . In your notebook ,
writ e a tex t message t o your friend .
Describe wha t yo u are doin g and wha t you
are wearing . Tell your frien d wha t you do
every day and wha t you like / don't like.
Example: I'm tijwuj bij t(ve poet, I swim every ctotj.
1 A: I <font utuierstaiui these instructions.
B: Why not? They look clear t o me.
2 A: London is a very expensive city.
B: Yes, I wit h you.
3 A: you any help?
B: No, I'm OK, thanks.
4 A: She a coat.
B: That's strange - it's very cold today.
5 A: 1 hey a piano up the stairs.
B: Help them - it's very heavy.
6 A: Where is the History Museum?
B: Sorry, I
7 A: Terry fo r me?
B: Yes-you're late.
8 A: It's a lovely day fo r a picnic.
B: We're lucky tha t it
* 5
Circle th e correc t option .
1 The touris t fo r the Eiffel Tower,
a is looking b look c are looking
2 He has a map, but he it.
a isn't understanding b doesn't understand
c isn't understand
3 A: a car? B: Yes, but I never drive in Paris.
a Are you have b Do you have
c Are you having
4 Whe n we are in Paris, we always by
metro.
a are go b are going c go
5 It is often sunny in Paris, but toda y it
a are rain b is raining c rains
IS t K °Z ET :sjaMsue jjsai Xyv
Present continuou s and presen t simpl e 1 7
7 Imperatives
Stay calm!
below is for US teenagers.
Inside
C^Stay calm!
V
• An earthquake
1 in California H
H Underline the correct option :
9 A large earthquake is possible
1 / not possible in California.
aiqissod jaMsuy
Stay inside.
Sit under a table or stand against a wall.
Don't stand near doors or windows.
Never take an elevator.
Outside
Always stay where you are. Don't run inside.
Find a clear place away from buildings and trees
Lie down on the ground until the earthquake stops
In a car
Slow down and stop the car in a clear place.
Don't stop on a bridge.
Stay inside the car until the earthquake stops.
Imperatives
Use imperatives for:
- instructions
Answer the questions.
- advice
Stay inside the car.
- orders
Be quiet!
- invitations
Come in and have a coffee.
- requests
Please put your bag over there.
Requests with imperatives often sound not very polite to English
speakers, even if you add 'please'. It's better to use other structures, e.g:
Could you put your bag over there?
Would you mind putting your bag over there ?
• See Unit 21 for the use o f can and could for requests.
2 Us e the infinitive without to for imperatives. There is usually no subject.
Lie down on the ground. NO T You lie down on the ground-.
3 Make negatives by adding don't (do not) in front.
Don't I Do not stand near windows.
4 Always and never can be used at the beginning of the imperative phrase.
Never take an elevator.
Always stay where you are.
1 8
A What do you do i f ther e is a fire in th e home ?
Underline the correct option .
1 Panic! /Don't panic!
2 Leave/Don't leave the house quickly.
3 Take time/Don't take time t o collect your things.
4 Close/Don't close all doors behind you.
5 If a door is hot, open/don't open it. Go t o the window.
6 Go back/Don't go back inside.
7 Phone/Don't phone the fire fighters.
B Complete the dialogues wit h th e imperativ e o r
negative imperative form s o f th e verbs in th e box.
forget go shopping have pick up put take
turn left turn down worr y
1 A:
B:
2 A:
3 A:
B:
4 A:
5 A:
B:
6 A:
B:
7 A:
B:
8 A
B:
Turn tha t music &W!
I can't hear you. The music's to o loud!
It's my exam today.
It'll be OK.
I feel really bored. Wha t can I do?
! That's wha t I do when
I'm bored!
Please your feet on the
seat.
Sorry.
These cakes are lovely.
two !
I'm ready t o go now.
a great holiday!
t o send a postcard.
Look at that snake! Can I take it home?
No! Never a snake!
This is the road now!
What did you say?
You are visiting a friend this weekend. Complete
your friend's advice with an appropriate verb in the
imperative or negative imperative.
1 yO t o bed early tonight.
2 late. The train always
leaves on time .
3 The station is always busy.
your ticke t before you come.
4 a sandwich on the
train - they're very expensive.
5 The train arrives at platfor m 2
dow n the stairs and ou t o f
t he main entrance.
6 left and
t o the car park.
7 in the car park. I'll
meet you there.
Give some advice to tourists. Writ e three imperative
sentences and three negative imperative sentences in
your notebook.
Examples:
Srifuj a buj coat,
Dont drive into tfve centre,
mm m • • '
• • • • • |
Circle the correct option .
1 ! It's 8 o'clock and you're late. a You get up b Gets up c Get up
2 A: Can I go t o a party tonight, Mum ? B: OK, but please noisy when you come home.
a you aren't b be not c don't be
3 across the road. a Don't never run b Never run c Don't running
| 4 A: Excuse me? Wher e is the toilet ? B: up these stairs and turn left. It's there.
a Go b Going c You going
I 5 A: Sorry. I can't help you today. I'm very busy. B: a Don't worr y b Don't be worr y c Doesn't worr y
______ _ J
E
S
Bfr 1£
3Z ax :SJ3MSU B
Usal^W
Imperative s 1 9
-J^ J Review: present simple and present
continuous
A Complet e th e sentences wit h th e correc t for m o f th e verb.
Be careful wit h spelling.
1 M y sister ploys (play) tennis every week and
always watckes (watch) tennis matches on TV.
2 Look at tha t cat! It (run) very fast. I thin k
it (try) t o catch tha t bird.
3 M y uncle (work) in a factory. He
(fix) broken computers.
4 The baby (cry) again. She always
(cry) when she's hungry.
5 Look! Everyone (have) a great tim e at
the party. Some people are (dance), and
some (chat).
6 Mark usually (study) very hard fo r exams,
but he (not study) tonight.
He (make) a model.
7 Alice really (not want) her yoga course t o
end. She (say) it's great.
8 Daniel (have) an easy life. He jus t
(relax) all day and (go)
t o parties at night.
B Underlin e th e correc t option .
Chris:
Sue:
Chris:
Sue:
Chris:
Sue:
Chris:
Sue:
Chris:
Sue:
Chris:
Hello?
Hi Chris. It's Sue.
lAre/
Do you at home?
No,
2l'm not/I don't.
I'm at school. Why ?
3Are I Do you have my
Biology book?
Your Biology book? I
think I have it but
4l'm
not 1I don't remember where. Just a moment... no, it
5
isn't/doesn't in my bag.
6 /s/ doe s it on your desk at home?
Ah, yes. Sorry. 7Are/D o you need it?
Yes, I do. We have a big Biology tes t tomorrow .
8l'm
not/1 don't understand Biology, so I need t o study.
No, you 9aren't/don't. Mr s Williams 10 isn't/doesn't
at school this week. She's ill.
Really?
Yes. So the test ^isn't/doesn't tomorrow . It's next
Thursday. You 12aren't/don't need t o study tonight.
C Change th e statement s int o negatives and th e
negatives int o statements .
1 I'm very good at sports, but I don't like
watching spor t on TV.
I'm. not wnj joo4 at sports, but I tiU
watching sport on TV.
2 M y brother plays the guitar, but he isn't very
good at singing.
3 W e are very happy. Ou r team is winning.
4 Ann and Rober t like London and they're
planning t o stay there.
5 Lucy is very good at dancing.
W e enjoy her shows.
6 Marcus is playing a compute r game at the
moment. He plays compute r games every
night.
7 That song is very good. I want t o listen t o it
again.
8 Tony doesn't eat hamburgers. He doesn't eat a
lot o f meat.
9 Joanna has a swimmin g competition next week,
so she is practising very hard today.
10 I don't go t o school by bus - I walk. So I don't
have tim e t o read magazines on the way.
2 0
D Complete the emai l wit h th e present simpl e o r th e present continuou s o f th e verbs in brackets .
e e e
0 s I I a Q
Delete Reply Reply All Forward Print
Hi Luis
Thanks for your email . I'm really pleased tha t you
1 k«JJ«jU $ (enjoy ) your English course in the UK.
2 (your English / get) better ?
We're all fine here - a s always . I 5 (not / have ) much free time at the moment.
14 (practise) hard for the tenni s competition - only thre e week s to go and I'm really nervous
about it. I really
5 (want) to win the competition thi s year. Brian
6 (think ) I'm
playing well, but 1 7
(not think ) I am .
s (you / remember) my 'baby sister' Maria? Well , can you believe she s 13 now?
We
9
ZIIIIII (still / think ) of her as a little child, but she' s ver y grown-up now. Sh e
io (learn) to play the violin, and she' s already quite good. Sh e
1 1
(play ) right
now, while 1 1 2
(write ) thi s email .
Right, time to stop writing. I have loads of wor k to do! Se e you soon.
Angela
E Cross out all the wron g options .
1 Carl work/works very hard mos t days, but he don't/
doesn't work/works at the weekend. He relax/relaxes.
2 My cat sleep/sleeps all day and go/goes ou t all night.
She never catch/catches birds - she's to o slow.
3 A: Do/Does Caroline go/goes t o your school?
B: No, she don't/doesn't. She go /goes t o a private
school in the city.
4 Sam and Leo play/plays tennis every week, but Sam
never win/wins. Leo always beat/beats him.
5 A: Do/Does you know/knows Frances?
B: Maybe. Do/Does she have/has long blonde hair?
A: Yes, she do/does.
We always visit/visits our grandmothe r in the winter .
She live/lives on a farm.
It don't/doesn't snow/snows very often here, but
sometimes it rain/rains non-stop fo r weeks. I don't/
doesn't like/likes it.
A: Do/Does Stuar t and Paula like/likes dancing?
B: Well, Stuar t love/loves dancing, but Paula don't/
doesn't enjoy/enjoys it.
A: Do/Does your compute r stop/stops very often?
B: Yes, it do/does. I want/wants t o buy a new one.
F What do the people say in thes e situations ? Complet e th e sentences wit h
the imperative or negative imperativ e o f th e word s in th e box.
be late be quiet bring come drink go out look at touch wait wash
1 It is lunchtime. Wha t do you say t o your young sister?
(dash your hands before you eat.
2 Your young sister wants t o help wit h the cooking.
What do you say?
the pot - it's hot!
3 You are sitting in the exam room. Everyone is talking
before the exam. Wha t does the teacher say?
Please
4 A student is trying t o see his friend's answers. Wha t
does the teacher say?
your friend's work.
5 You receive an invitation t o a friend's party. Wha t
does the invitation say?
t o my party on Saturday.
6 Your friend wants everyone at the party on time .
Wha t does the invitation say?
The party starts at 8 - !
7 If you enter Australia, there are some things you can't
have wit h you. Wha t does the sign in the airpor t say?
fresh fruit into the country.
8 You need t o show your passport at the airport. There
are a lot o f people there. Wha t does the sign say?
Please here.
9 You are ill. Wha t does the doctor say?
Stay at home -
10 The doctor wants you t o have more water . Wha t does
he say?
three glasses o f water every day.
Revie w 1 21
8 Past simple 1: was / were
He was a popular hero.
Robin
is a famous hero. He is
the subject of stories and I
films. But was
he a real man?
Nobody knows. In the film, Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves,
Robin was rich - but this probably wasn't true. We know that he
was a popular hero in the 13th century. It's possible the real man
was born before then.
^owwctttcMemMen ?
Little John and Will Scarlet were famous Merry
Men. Robin Hood was the leader of this group of
men (and women).
m wer e RODinfloof l an u Bi s Me m
Meniamom? .
They were famous for robbing rich people.
But Robin Hood and his Merry Men weren't
robbers - the money was for poor people.
Complete this sentence: There are many about Robin Hood.
mum
Past simple 1: was / were
1 Was is the past of am and is.
He was the leader.
Was I asleep?
Who was Robin Hood?
2 Were is the past of are.
They were famous for robbing rich people.
Were you there?
Who were the Merry Men ?
3 Use wasn't (was not) and weren't (were not) for the
negative.
This wasn't true.
They weren't robbers.
statement / negative A
1/He/She /It was was not (wasn't)
You/We/The y were were not (weren't)
4 Make questions and short answers as follows:
question ? short answer / X
W a s 1 / he / she / it a robber ? Yes, (he) was.
No, (he) wasn't.
Were you / we / they famous? Yes, (they) were.
No, (they) weren't.
W h o was he?
Wher e were you?
was I were born
Shakespeare was born in 1564
and died in 1616.
2 2
Practice
A Complete the sentences using was, wasn't, were or
weren't.
1 Chiara and her sister were here a momen t ago.
2 It a holiday last week and we
at my uncle's house. M y cousins
at home, so it was quiet.
3 A: You're here at last! I worried about you.
B:The train late.
4 A: it a good film?
B: No, it It the wors t film
of the summer!
5 A: Ben at footbal l practice on Monday ?
B: No, he ! And where you?
6 A: your parents angry?
B: No, they
B Robin Hood's enemy, the Sheriff of Nottingham, is
asking him some questions.
Complete the questions and the shor t answers.
Sheriff:
Robin:
Sheriff:
Robin:
Sheriff:
Robin:
Sheriff:
Robin:
Sheriff:
Robin:
Sheriff:
Robin:
Where 1 were^OU born?
I'm not telling you!
Were you at home yesterday?
No, 1 2
Were you wit h your friends?
The Merr y Men? Yes, 1 3
4 in the forest ?
No, we 5
Where 6 yesterday?
W e ' in your castle!
Where's my money?
I'm not telling you!
C Complete the sentences using wasn't or weren't and an
appropriate adjective from the box. Sometimes more
than one answer is possible.
afraid clean friendl y hot hungry
in a hurry very big
1 The town was prett y but it wasn't venj by
2 The restaurant was nice but I
3 The food was good but the waiters
4 The dog was very big, but the children
5 The weather was sunny but it
6 The beach was great but it
7 The hotel was nice but the rooms
8 The shop was busy but we
D Complete the text with is, are, was,
were, wasn't or weren't.
Sherwood Forest 1 was home
f o r Robin Hood and his Merr y
Men. In the 13t h century the
forest 2 a safe place for
mos t people, but Robin and his
friends 3 happy there.
Thei r home 4 a camp
near a large tree. Today the fores t
5 a popular place for tourist s
t o visit, and the tree 6 still there.
Some people say tha t Robin Hood and Mai d Marian
7 lovers. In fact, Robin 8 already married!
But do you prefer t o believe the stories? Then you can still
see St Mary's Church where they 9 married.
St Mary's Church and Sherwood Forest 1 0 near the
city o f Nottingha m in the centre o f England.
MV TURN !
In your notebook, write sentences using was, were,
wasn't and weren't about a place you have visited.
I we it the tow n the streets the shops
the weather the people
Example: (Oe visited 6at(i. Tfie town was beautiful
I 3
Circle th e correc t option .
1 A: Wher e all yesterday evening?
B: At the cinema.
a were you b was you c you were
2 The fil m very good, but Kevin Costner
was excellent.
a wasn't b were not c weren't
Both Shakespeare and Galileo in 1564.
a were born b was born c are born
A: Mum , where born?
B: In Nottingham ,
a I was b were I c was I
A: Were the Merr y Me n very rich?
B:No,
a the y weren't b were not c they wasn't
eg at E£ ez ex :SJ3MSU E il s s l
Past simpl e 1 2 3
9 Past simple 2: regular past forms
She lived in a tree.
[ai l
I criminal iWe asked
Julia, 'Why did you decide to do it?'Julia replied,
'It seemed the right thing to do. They didn't need
to cut the tree down. I told them not to do it but
they didn't listen to me. I believed I was right.'
O Underline the correct option: Julia lives / doesn't live in a tree today.
Past simple 2: regular past forms
1 Use th e past simpl e fo r past actions , states and genera l truths .
/ phoned Julia yesterday.
Did you stay at the party long last night?
Once people didn't believe the world was round.
2 The past tim e could be recent or distant.
We finished one minute ago.
past present future
The Chinese invented paper.
A d d -ed t o make th e past simpl e (regular ) fo r all persons. Use did not
and th e infinitiv e withou t to t o make th e negativ e and use did t o mak e
a question. W e usuall y say and writ e didn't instead o f did not in
informa l situations , e.g. an emai l t o a friend .
statement / negative X
I/You/He/She/It/We/The y starte d d i d no t (didn't) star t
question ? shor t answer / /
D i d 1 / you / he / she / it / we / they start ? Yes, (1) did.
No, (1) di d no t (didn't).
9A|i ^usaop :J9Msuy
4 Past tim e expressions, e.g. yesterday,
last (night / week /year), (a few minutes
/two months /10 years) ago, are
sometime s used wit h th e past simple.
She didn't arrive yesterday.
Did you clean the car last weekend?
Colombus discovered America 500
years ago.
Spellin g
Whe n a verb ends in -e, add -d.
die -> died
love -> loved
Whe n a verb ends in a consonant (b, t, m,
etc.) and -y, delet e th e -y and add -led.
copy -» copied
try -* tried
Whe n a verb ends in a single vowe l (a, e,
i, o, u) and a single consonant, doubl e th e
last consonant.
stop -» stopped
prefer -» preferred
• See page 182 for more spelling rules.
2 4
Practice
A What was Margaret' s lif e like in 197 0 whe n she was
young? Writ e past simpl e statement s (/) and negatives
(X) using the informatio n below.
1 /wor k in a shop 1 Ski worked in. a sksp.
2 X like her jo b 2 She didn Hike her job,
3 /liv e in a flat 3
4 X want a house 4
5 / prefer flats 5
6 X watch TV much 6
7 / enjoy dancing 7
8 / dance the Salsa 8
9 / learn Spanish 9
10 X stay at home much 10
MV TURN !
B Complete th e sentences wit h an appropriat e verb in th e
past simple. Some are negatives or questions .
1 I was tired, so I d_i_d_A. t_ wO ^LLt o work.
2 you w the match last night on TV?
3 Yesterday she w all day in the factory.
4 The rain _s , so the tennis started.
5 Tony was very quiet. He '_ X_ t o
anyone.
6 Last summer we _t around Europe
by train.
7 A: Jane g the test ?
B:No,she failed.
8 IJ t o the concer t as a podcast.
9 A: the children j _ all thei r breakfast?
B: Yes, they were hungry.
10 The party was terrible, I ' _ J it.
C Complete th e tex t using th e past simpl e o f th e verbs in
brackets.
Travis Carter 1 tiv&d (live) in a fridge
for 40 days fro m December 1998 t o February 1999 - a
world record. A reporter ' (ask) Travis later,
'
3 you (celebrate)
New Year in the fridge?'Travis 4
(reply),'No. 1 5 (not know)
that it was New Year: my watch 6
(not work) because it was so cold!'
Two years ago, Travis
7 (try) another
world record - 60 hours in a freezer.
This time he 8 (fail). 'The
freezer was jus t to o cold. I
9 (not like)
it,'Travis said.'l 1 0
(prefer) the fridge.'
I A hundred British teenagers answered a questionnaire
about technology . Change thei r answers into past
simple sentences. Some are negative.
Question Answer |
Did you watch a DVD last Saturday
night?
Did you use the Interne t yesterday?
Did you download a song last week?
Did you play a computer game
yesterday?
Did you email a friend last week?
Did you like computers five years ago?
87 yes 13 no
70 yes 30 no
19 yes 81 no
35 yes 65 no
58 yes 42 no
90 yes 10 no
1 87 teenagers watched a DVD last Saturday nujht.
2 13 teenagers didn't watch a DVD last Saturday nujht.
3 30 teenagers
4 19 teenagers
5 35 teenagers
6 58 teenagers
7 10 teenagers
N o w answer th e questionnair e in your notebook .
1 (didn't watcd a DVD last Saturday ntjht. /
watched a DVD last Saturday ni^ht.
QB3BL • • • • •
Circle th e correc t option .
1 She in the tree for 737 days,
a stayed b was stayed c is stayed
2 She when she finished her protest,
a cryed b cried c cry
3 t o journalists?
a Did she talked b Talked she c Did she talk
4 A: Did she save the tree? B: Yes, she
a saved b save c did
5 A: Julia, was it boring?
B: Yes, it was. I TV fo r tw o years,
a didn't watched b don't watched
c didn't watch
3
S ^t^E qz E i : S J 3 MSU E iisax^w
Past simpl e 2 2 5
r10 Past simple 3: irregular past forms
They spoke Celtic languages.
Wher e di d Englis h com e from ?
O ld English he on pa duru eode
Modern English he went to the door
FRANCE
Past simple 3: irregular past forms
1 Many past simple verbs do not end in -ed. They have
irregular forms. For negative and question forms, use
did and the infinitive without to.
The Romans made Britain a colony.
They didn't feel happy.
Did they speak Latin ?
The ancient Britons spoke Celtic languages like Welsh.
The Romans made Britain a colony in 43 AD but Latin
didn't become the language of the common people. Not
many of the ancient Britons knew Latin and they didn't
feel happy with a new language.
In the 5th century AD, the Romans left Britain because
they had problems at home. The Angles, Saxons and Jutes
then went to England from Denmark and Germany. They
brought their own Germanic languages. These languages
became Old English. The story of English began.
True or False? English is a Latin language. m
3S|E-| MSMSUy
statement / negative X
You sang. You di d no t (didn't) sing.
She tol d her brother . She di d no t (didn't) tel l her
brother .
The army wen t
home.
The army di d no t (didn't) go
home.
question ? shor t answer / X
D i d 1 /yo u /he /she /it / Yes, (1) did .
we /the y sing? No, (1) di d no t (didn't).
present past present past
be was / were know knew
become became leave left
begin began make made
bring brought mean meant
buy bought pay paid
come came put put
do did say said
eat ate see saw
get got speak spoke
give gave take too k
go went tel l tol d
have had think thought
hear heard
See page 181 for a list o f irregular verbs. 12 6
Practice
Circle the 12 past simple forms in the wordsearch
puzzle, then write thei r infinitive-without-to forms.
1 h e a r d t y r t u
i 0 P a w s q d 0 k
s a w t s f g h 0 n
J k I h X b r 0 k e
z s P 0 k e w e c w
I m b u s f u d n J
m e e g d a y g m I
g a f h i e m a d e
0 n h t k c g k I f
t t J k (c a m ~e) i t
come
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1 1
12
B The most famous poem in Old English is Beowulf.
Complete the text using the correct past simple form
of the verbs in brackets.
Beowulf 1 was (be) a great fighte r 1,000 years
ago. He 2 (win) many battles against
monsters and dragons. Grendel was a terrible monster
from Denmark. He 3 (have) bi g teeth
and he was very strong. Grendel 4
(not sleep) and 5 (not eat).
He 6 (drink) blood. Kin g Hrothga r of
Denmark 7 (pay) Beowulf to kil l Grendel.
Beowulf
8 (go) to Denmark ,
9
(fight) the monster and killed it. Kin g
Hrothgar 1 0 (give) Beowulf a lot of
money. Beowulf 1 1
(leave) Denmar k and
1 2
(not come) back.
H e 1 3 (become) a King . Finally,
Beowulf died because a dragon killed him .
Read the notes about a typical teenager's day in 1000
A D . Writ e full sentences in the past simple. Some are
statements (/) and some are negatives (X).
U U 1 H 1 1 1 I I | | i l
*• ;» ;» *» .» »« .» « «• «. *. «, * „
A teenager in 10OO AD
/ get up: 5.30
/ breakfast {bread and water)
X go t o school / go to work
/ work begin: 6.30
/ lunch (meat)
/ get home: 5.00
/ make clothes: evening
»/ before bed: tell stor y t o sister
X sleep in a bed / sleep on the floor
She^ot ap at 53 0 and
/ Wha t did you do yesterday? Answer the questions
in your notebook using past simple short answers
and sentences. Then write three more questions
and answer them in the same way.
1 Di d you get up early?
K)& I didn't, l^ct up at 10 o'clock.
2 Did you speak English?
/e&, I did. I said 'tfetta' to iwj €njtisk teacher.
3 Did you buy anything?
4 Di d you go anywhere in the evening?
5 Did you forge t anything?
6 Did you see any friends?
.•.M.MAM.MJ
a feled b fel l c felt
a did the Saxons come b the Saxons came c did the Saxons came
| Circle the correct optio n
| 1 A: Did they feel happy? B: No, they very angry.
I 2 Where from?
3 A:Did Beowulf speak Ol d English? B: Yes, he a did b spoke c does
' 4 The Ancient Britons pens and pencils. a hadn't b didn't have c didn't had
I 5 Beowulf sorry t o the King. a sayed b said c saw
• ••••••• t • • • • # • 1 q g q-t? e £ E Z :5 J 3 MSUE usa i Xw
Past simpl e 3 2 7
11 Past continuous
Everyone was talking about the alligators.
Urban legends are stories about strange things that
happen in everyday life. But they are probably not true.
Or are they?
Years ago in Florida and Georgia, you could buy baby alligators.
But they are difficult pets, so people set them tree.
Where did these alligators go?
While we were studying English, my wife and I were living in New York.
™th^eeverylne was talking about the alligators m the sewers.
A friend told me that one day a man was working in the sewers.
It was five o co C k an d h e was just finishing for the day. Has fnends were
watUngLhiminthestreet.Theyhearda scream.When they pulled ,
the man out of the sewer, he was scared and he was shakmg.
There was an alligator in the sewer!
Wha t do you think? Is this story true?
Past continuous
1 Use th e past continuous t o tal k abou t event s whic h
wer e in progress at a particula r tim e in th e past.
At that time everyone was talking about the alligators
in the sewers.
2 Use th e past continuous t o set th e background t o a
stor y - t o tal k about wha t was going on whe n an event
happened. The main events are usually in th e past simple.
His friends were waiting for him in the street. They
heard a scream.
3 Use when or while t o link past simpl e and past
continuous . W e can use when befor e th e past simpl e or
t h e past continuous .
His friends were waiting for him
when they
heard a scream.
I
1
past present future
When his friends were waiting for him, they heard a scream.
W e can also use while befor e th e past continuous .
While his friends were waiting for him, they heard a scream.
Use while wit h th e past continuou s in bot h part s o f a
sentence t o tal k abou t tw o situation s goin g on at th e
same time .
Wh/'/e we were studying English, my wife and I were
living in New York.
Whe n when and while come at th e beginning o f a
sentence, pu t a comm a in th e middl e o f th e sentence.
While I was falling, I closed my eyes.
5 Use th e past continuous t o give th e reason fo r a past event. / forgot about the bath because I was talking on the
telephone.
She shouted at me because I was driving fast.
6 Mak e th e past continuous using th e verb was / were +
verb + -ing form.
• See page 182 for spelling rules.
statement / negative X
You /W e /They wer e workin g wer e no t (weren't)
workin g
1/ He /She /I t was workin g was no t (wasn't)
workin g
question ? shor t answer / X
Wer e you / we / the y working ? Yes, (you) were.
No, (you) weren't.
Wa s 1 / he / she / it working ? Yes, (1) was.
No, (1) wasn't.
2 8
Practic e
A What was Grace doing thi s tim e last week ? Look at th e
picture and complet e th e sentences wit h th e correc t
past continuous form s o f th e verbs in th e box.
drink feel read shine 5+t wear
'Can you believe it? This tim e last week I was on holiday...
1 I was sittituj i n a cafe. 2 The sun
3 I my sunglasses. 4 I my book.
5 I lemonade. 6 I relaxed.'
IB Write ful l sentences using th e word s in th e same order .
Change the verbs t o th e past continuou s or past simple .
One or both verbs should be in th e past continuous .
1 He / sit / in the kitchen / when / the fire / star t
He was sittituj in the kitchen when the {ire started.
2 It / get late / and / the man / wor k / quickly.
3 The pencil / break / whil e / I / writin g dow n / her phone
number.
4 It / snow / but we / not wear / war m clothes.
5 A cat / run / in fron t o f the car / when / I / drive / home.
6 The lights / change / while / she / still cross / the road.
7 You/still sleep/when / I / get up.
8 They / not build / the stadium / when /1 / live / in the city.
Complet e thi s urban legend. Use past continuous or
past simpl e form s o f th e verbs in brackets.
A TV team in Alaska 1 was mkty (make) a film
about the life of salmon. They 2
(catch) a salmon in the sea and very carefully
3 (put) a radio transmitte r on it. The
radio transmitter 4 (send) messages
t o the TV team. They 5 (follow) the
salmon's journe y fo r tw o months . One day the
cameramen 6 (camp) at
the side o f the river and the y 7
(follow) the salmon as usual. Suddenly the fish
(leave) the river and
(go) through a forest. The team
(take) thei r cameras and
followed . In the fores t a group o f boys 1 1
(camp). Whe n the TV team
1 2 (find) the boys, they
1 3 (sit) around a fire. They
1 4 (cook) the salmon on the fire.
9
10
MV TURN !
In your notebook , copy and complet e th e replies
wit h you r ow n ideas using th e past continuous .
1 A: Did you hear the phone?
B: K)o, I was listening to music.
2 A: Someone jus t knocked at the door .
B: Wh o was it?
A: I don't know
3 A: Wha t was the weather like when you left home?
B: Terrible!
4 A: Did you catch a cold yesterday?
B: Yes, I did
5 A: Were you at school on Monday ?
B: No, I wasn't
6 A: Did you hear me?
B: No, sorry,
• • •»i «*»* , • « • • i • •_ • a a a
•••••••
| Circle the correct option .
I 1 He was working in the sewer he saw the alligator . a then b when
I 2 They television when they saw a cow in thei r garden. aarewatchin g
[ 3 I was wearing sunglasses because the sun very brightly. awasshinin g
? 4 A: raining when you arrived? B: No. It was very sunny. a Was it b
c whil e
b watching c were watching
b is shining c shone
It was c It is
15 A: Were you wearing a helmet when you fell off your bike? B: a No, I weren't b No, I wasn't c No, I'm not I
••••••••••••••III••••••*•*•< q S *P ?Z qi:sj9MsuEi;saiAw
Past continuous 2 9
Review: past simple and past continuous
A Complete the story by matching the phrases in the box to the
correct places.
a whil e it was running
b and showing me his photos whil e we were eating
c when John was speaking
d because we were hungry
e it ran away
f when it happened
I was visiting my friend John in Australia 1
We were having dinner early 2
He was telling me about his family 3
Suddenly, a kangaroo jumpe d throug h the windo w 4
Whil e we were thinking wha t t o do next, 5
He too k a photo o f the kangaroo 6
t
B Match each picture to the correct sentence.
1 She was running
when she saw him.
2 She ran when
she saw him.
C Underline the correct option. Sometimes more
than one option is possible.
1 I was having/had a shower when my friend called.2 Whil e Sally was walking/ walked t o the station,
she me t Harry.
3 Tom wen t t o bed and was saying/said,
'Goodnight'
4 Did you get angry when she finally was telling/
told you?
5 We danced whil e the music was playing/played.
6 I was meeting/met David many years ago.
7 Were the Romans using /Did the Romans use
paper?
8 Whe n she wasn't watching/didn't watch,
I too k another biscuit.
3 We went home .—.
whil e it was raining. I I
4 Whe n it started
W e talked about it
when we got home.
W e talked about it
whil e we were
going home.
•
•
raining, we
went home. •
Whe n he finished
his lunch, Dad read .—.
the paper. I I
Dad read the paper
whil e he was .—.
finishing his lunch. I I
3 0
D Complete these stories using th e correc t past simpl e or past continuou s form s o f th e verbs in brackets .
The clock 1
bnh (break) whil e the children
2 (play) footbal l in the house.
The clock 3 (fall) when the ball
4 (hit) it. The accident 5
(happen) while thei r parents 6 (come) home.
Jill 7 (drink) her coffee when she
8 (hear) her phone. It was her mother . Whil e
the y 9 (speak), a man 1 0 (run)
t o the table and 1 1 (give) Ji 11 some flowers.
E Circle the correct option .
Police officer: What 1
when you saw the elephant ?
Driver: 1 2 through the park.
Police officer:
3 quickly?
Driver: No, I 4 fast because there were a lot o f
animals. M y wife 5 ou t o f the windo w
and watching some lions. She 6
t o take
some photos o f the m but whil e she 7
the camera ou t o f her bag, an elephant ran
at the car!
Police officer: Why 8
away whil e the elephant 9 ?
Driver: The elephant was very fast. I only 1 0 the
elephant when it hit our car.
1 a do you do b was you doing (c)were you doing
2 a was driving b drove c were driving
3 a Did you go b Were you going c Was you going
4 a wasn't driving b weren't driving c didn't drive
5 a was looking b were looking c looked
6 a were wanting b was wanting c wanted
7 a got b was getting c were getting
8 a didn't you drive b wasn't you driving
c weren't you driving
9 a ran b was running c were running
I 10 a were seeing b was seeing c saw
F Make sentences fro m th e word s and writ e the m in you r
notebook. Put one verb in th e past simpl e and one verb
in the past continuous .
1 I /shop/ when / meet / her
I was shopping wnen I met ker.
I 2 While / we / eat / breakfast / the letter / arrive
3 Sarah / not go / because / she / not feel / very wel l
1 4 As /1 / fall / my parachute / suddenly / open
5 you / have / a shower / when /1 / phone?
6 Gavin / break / his arm / while / he / do / jud o
G Mak e excuses fo r th e followin g situations using th e
past continuou s (and past simple , i f yo u want).
The excuses can be funny !
1 Wh y are you late fo r school?
(was taking mij pet kangaroo for a watt and it ran. awaij.
2 Wh y are your shoes dirty?
3 Wh y did you eat all the chocolates?
4 Wh y didn't you do your homework?
5 Wh y are you sleeping in class?
6 Wh y didn't you answer the telephone?
H Circle th e correc t option .
1 W e went t o the cinema last night and a film.
It was excellent.
a watching (b) watched c were watching
2 She didn't understand the game. Whil e I the
instructions, she was writin g a text.
a was explaining b am explaining c explained
3 The man too k her bag and away wit h it. We
never saw him again.
a run b ran c was running
4 She hur t her head when she fel l off her bike. She
a helmet.
a not wearing b didn't wear c wasn't wearing
5 A: Wha t when you heard the noise?
B: I ran outside t o help.
a did you do b were you doing c you were doing
6 Were you playing hockey when you broke your nose?
B: Yes, I
a did b were c was
Review 2 31
1 2 Present perfect 1
They've already invented it!
They've alread y invente d it, Dad!
The taxi's jus t arrived !
Sorry I'm late. I
haven' t left yet !
Find six word s
rCC O from th e cartoon s
in thi s wor d snake:
Present perfect 1
1 Use th e present perfec t fo r a past even t
whic h th e speaker feel s is connected
wit h th e present.
The taxi's arrived. (The taxi is here now.)
2 W e ofte n use th e present perfec t t o tal k
abou t a recent event. Use th e adverb
just t o emphasise tha t th e event is
recent.
The taxi's just arrived.
3 W e can use th e present perfec t wit h
already and yet. Already and yet mea n
'before now'. W e use yet in questions
and negatives. Already comes afte r has
/have and before th e mai n verb. Yet
comes at th e end o f th e sentence or
question.
They've already invented it.
I haven't left yet.
Have the boys arrived yet?
4 St/7/ wit h th e present perfec t negative
stresses tha t th e situatio n is continuin g
now.
/ st/7/ haven't left home.
5 Mak e th e present perfec t using th e verb
have + past participle.
I've just seen her.
I haven't visited the museum yet.
'jsnf'ya] 'Apeaj|e 'paAUje 'pajuaAU! :SJ9MSUVstatement / negative X
1/You/We/The y have fve) visite d have no t (haven't) visited
He/She/I t has fs) visite d has no t (hasn't) visited
question ? short answer/ /
Have 1 / you / we / they visited...? Yes, (1) have.
No,(l) haven't.
Has he / she / it visited...? Yes, (he) it has.
No, (he) hasn't.
A d d -ed t o for m th e past participle
o f regular verbs, e.g. visited,
arrived, tried. (These are th e same
as th e past simple verb forms.)
See page 182 for spelling rules.
's = is and has
he's visited = he has visited
he's cold = he is cold
However, ther e are man y irregular forms .
be been go + gone
break -> broken give -> given
come -* come steal -> stolen
do -> done
see •# seen
speak •* spoken
wake up •* woken up
Some irregular past participles are th e same as th e past
simple form .
find •* found -* found read •* read -> read
have •* had -> had say •* said -> said
leave -* left -* left spend -> spent-* spent
lose -* lost -* lost tell -* told -> told
make -> made -> made win -> won -* won
3 2 • See page 181 for a list of irregular verbs.
Practice
A Match the pairs of sentences.
1 She can't do sports.^ ~x a
2 He's still not feeling well. 1 b
3 She's crying. V-c
4 I'm very happy. d
5 The car won't start. e
6 I have no money. f
7 You're looking worried. g
8 We can go now. h
9 I'm not ready t o go. i
She's lost her bag.
He's jus t had flu .
She's broken her arm.
I haven't had a shower yet.
I've spent it on CDs.
I haven't left yet.
The taxi has jus t arrived.
M y footbal l team has jus t won .
Wha t has happened?
B Complete the sentences using the words in brackets in the
I correct form and position.
I I He can't find his keys. I think MSWKt them , (lose)
[ 2 Haven't you done your homewor k yet?
I it. (finish / already)
3 It's midnight and she home yet. (not / come)
4 lunch yet? (you / have?)
5 This is terrible. Someone my bike, (steal)
6 We a really cheap car! (just / buy)
7 Take your boots off before you come in. I
the carpets, (just / clean)
8 the doctor yet? (you / phone?)
9 They the film, (see /already)
C It's Sunday night and Dad is asking Joe whether he is ready for
f school in the morning. Writ e Dad's questions and Joe's replies
in your notebook
1 pack school bag [/]
j3 do your science homewor k [/]
5 wash the dinosaur [X]
7 buy the dinosaur foo d [X]
1 0: ffavejou packed jour school bay jet f J: /es, I have
2 tid y your cave [X]
4 have a bath [X]
6 make your sandwiches [/]
What four things hasn't Joe done yet ? Writ e sentences.
Example: He hasn't tidied his cave jet.
D Writ e reasons for each of these situations. Use
the words in brackets and the correct form of
the verb.
1 I don't have my glasses.
I stilt haven't (ound them. (find / still)
2 He's still asleep.
(wake up /yet)
3 The book looks very new.
(I / read / still)
4 She isn't here any more.
(go/just)
5 I don't have my old phone any more.
(give it t o my dad)
6 She doesn't know.
(they /tel l her /still)
7 I still haven't received the letter .
(postman / come / yet)
8 There's no more milk.
(I / finish/just)
MV TURN!
Imagine it's Sunday evening. In your notebook,
write three things you have done and three
things you haven't done.
Example: I've cleaned RUj bike,
• • * • i
Circle the correct option.
1 The taxi hasn't arrived a already b jus t c yet
2 He's his new watch. a breaked b broke c broken
3 He left home four hours ago and he t o say he's arrived, a still hasn't phoned b haven't phoned yet
c hasn't jus t phoned
4 yet? a Have you eaten your vegetables b You have eaten your vegetables c Have you your vegetables eaten '
5 A: Is Alex there? B: O h sorry. He's . a gone already home b jus t gone home c gone home yet I
Q S v\\ B £ oz 3 1 :SJ3MSU E NSAJ _
Present perfec t 1 3 3
1 3 Present perfect 2
Have you ever tried mustard ice cream?
Ingredients food n^aga-zii^t
fm 4 -
Hav e yo u eve r trie d mustar d
i c e cream ?
Or chocolate on your vegetables? These are just some of the things you can eat at The
Fat Duck restaurant near London. Some people have called The Fat Duck the best
restaurant in the world. The chef, Heston Blumenthal, has become famous and has
been on many TV shows.
John Willoughby of the New York magazine Gourmet says that The Fat Duck is possibly
'the most fun restaurant I've ever eaten in' But what do you think?
'I've never had mustard ice cream and I don't want to
Just give me strawberry!'
- John, a shop assistant
Present perfect 2
1 Use th e present perfec t whe n yo u do no t kno w exactl y
whe n th e past event too k place, or it is no t important .
He has been on many TV shows.
He has become famous.
2 W e ofte n use th e present perfec t wit h ever, never and
before. Never and ever come afte r has / have and befor e
t h e main verb. Before comes at th e end o f th e sentence.
Have you ever tried mustard ice cream?
It was the most fun restaurant I've ever eaten in.
I've never had chocolate on my vegetables.
I haven't been to the restaurant before.
Underlin e th e answe r whic h is no t true : Th e Fat Duc k restauran t is famous/cheap/fun
• See Unit 12 for the forms of the present perfect.
gone or been?
My brother has gone to Croatia.
(= M y brother is travelling t o Croatia or is there now.)
My brother has been to Croatia.
(= M y brother wen t t o Croatia but he is back home
now.)
3 4
ractice
Answer the questions with present perfect short answers.
1 Have vou ever tried raw fish?
frig, I tUMKt.
2 Have you ever used chopsticks?
3 Have you ever seen a banana tree?
4 Have you ever put sugar in a sandwich?
5 Have you ever made ice cream?
6 Have you ever eaten chips wit h sugar?
7 Have you ever drunk coconut milk?
8 Have you ever cooked a meal fo r your family?
C Complete the sentences using the present perfect of
the verbs in the box.
break ever forge t go ever have not meet
not play see not speak never spend writ e
1 I've broken my nose before.
2 He plays the guitar but he in a band before.
3 They Christmas away fro m home.
4 W e our new neighbours.
5 M y friends aren't here now, the y home.
6 M y sister an article for the local newspaper.
7 I t o my parents about my exam results.
8 your teacher
t o give you homework?
9 W e the new James Bond film.
10 She's the best friend I
Which of these things have you done or not done?
Complete the sentences using the present perfect of
the verbs in brackets.
1 1 haven't won a competition , (win)
2 t o Cuba, (be)
3 a book in one day. (read)
]4 rugby, (play)
5 an elephant, (see)
6 a famous person, (meet)
7 a leg. (break)
in a restaurant, (work)
9 ten kilometres, (run)
Do you know people who have done these things?
Write true sentences about people you know.
Example: Mij brother has met a famous person,
, .
D Complete the sentences with gone or been.
1 M y grandparents have yone to Australia.
They'll arrive tomorro w - the journe y takes 22 hours.
2 They've visited the UK, but the y haven't
t o Scotland.
3 M y famil y loves travelling. We've
t o 10 different countries together .
4 They've out and left the lights on.
5 A: Wher e have you ?
B: To post a letter .
MY TURN!
^ m ^ouMio ^ things you
have done in the past.
Example: I've been to Australia,
Now write three questions to ask a friend using Have
you (ever)...?
Example: ffave jou ever been to Australia?
Writ e about your friend.
Example: Setty has never been to Australia,
Circle the correct option.
1 My sister sushi three or fou r times, but she doesn't like it. a tries b has tried c is tried
2 I've tried most things, but an insect. a I've ever eaten b I haven't never eaten c I've never eaten
3 A: on TV? B:Yes, he has. a Has Heston ever been b Has Heston been ever c Heston ever has been
4 It's our favourite restaurant. there many times . a We's been b We've gone c We've been
5 A: Have you ever been t o The Fat Duck? B: a Yes, we've b Yes, we been c No, we haven't
—
D S 3 f
E £ 3 ? Q I :SJ3MSU E J;S3 X X ^
Present perfec t 2 3 5
1 4 Present perfect 3
They have lived there for centuries.
THE RICH AND
FAMOUS IN LONDON
rph e rich and famous have live d in Marylebon e fo r
Tcentunes . Past residents include Charles **™n L
the Beatles. Ringo Starr rented an
Sauare in Marylebone . Jim i Hendn x also lived there. There
hasn' t been a famous resident at 34 Montag u Square smce
the 1960s, but tourists stil l go to see the building .
Marylebone has been Madonna's favourite
place in London for a few years now. The
star owns four houses in the same street!
Complet e th e sentence : Marylebon e is a place in
Present perfect 3
Use th e present perfec t fo r a situatio n whic h starte d
in th e past and continues now.
Marylebone has been Madonna's favourite
place in London for a few years now.
: I
P a s t
present future
2 W e can use for and since wit h th e present perfect.
The rich and famous have lived in Marylebone for
centuries.
There hasn't been a famous resident since the 1960s.
3 Use How long ...?to ask fo r ho w much tim e a situatio n
has continued.
How long has she lived in London?
She has lived in London for a few years.
4 W e can use always wit h th e present perfect.
I've always wanted to live in the city. (= fo r all the tim e
can remember)
uopuo\"| :J3MSUV
Use th e present perfec t + for t o emphasise ho w long a
situatio n has been goin g on , e.g. for an hour, for a few
days, for a week, for six months, for ages (= for a long
time).
They have lived there for centuries.
Use th e present perfec t + since t o emphasise whe n a
situatio n began, e.g. since 12 o'clock, since Monday,
since January, since last year, since the 1960s, since she
got married.
The couple have been married since last year.
There hasn't been a famous resident since the 1960s.
Use th e present perfect, no t th e present, wit h since
and for.
She has lived here for a few years.
N O T She lives here for a few years.
•
•
3 6
See Units 12 and 13 for other uses of the present perfect.
See Unit 12 for the forms of the present perfect.
A Complete each tim e expression wit h for or since.
Ml for a long time .
1 2 tw o weeks.
1 3 2003.
I 4 last year.
1 5 three years.
1 6 only a day!
• 7 Christmas.
8 I was 12.
| Now answer th e question .
I How long have you lived in your house?
I I've lived in my house
B Complete the sentences wit h th e present perfec t o f th e
verbs in brackets. Use shor t form s wher e possible.
1 They W always wanted t o visit Ne w York, (always
want)
2 We my cousins since the beginning
of last year. They are always very busy, (not see)
3 It a really good summer . I don't
want it t o end. (be)
4 They in the same house all
their lives, (live)
5 My sister and I share a bedroom. We
our ow n rooms, (never have)
6 How long you
your mountain bike? (have)
7 He his home
town, (always love)
8 How long she ill? (be)
9 He in the
same bank fo r years, (work)
10 I he was the
best, (always think)
C Ask questions abou t th e celebritie s using How long...?
and th e present perfect.
1 Michael Douglas and Catherine Zeta-Jones are married.
.... (few (G nj have thej been married?
2 Madonna drives a Min i Cooper car.
3 Sienna Mille r lives in Marylebone.
4 Paul McCartney plays the piano.
5 Ringo Starr is a vegetarian.
6 Jennifer Connelly speaks Italian.
MY TURN!
f ^akeser ^ and a tim e phrase
whic h is tru e fo r you. Writ e the m in your notebook .
1 I / be / hungry
I've been hungry since 16 clock this morniny.
2 I / not see / my cousin
3 I / be /atthi s school
4 I / know / my / best friend
5 I / not do/th e washing-up
6 M y famil y / live/her e
Circle the correct option .
1 t o meet Madonna.
a I always have wanted b I've always wanted c I've wanted always
2 We've lived in Marylebone
a forages b ages ago c since ages
3 They've had thei r flat in Marylebone since they married.
a get b got c have got
4 A: How long ? B: For about six years.
a are they famous b have they been famous c they've been famous
5 She London since she was a child.
a isn't visit b didn't visit c hasn't visited
3
S QT? <K eZ Q I :SJ9MSU E J}S3]_AY\\ /
Present perfec t 3 37
1 5 Present perfect or past simple?
The company has invented the Mac and the iPod.
Stev e Job s wa s bor n in 195 5 an d wa s a multi -
millionair e befor e th e ag e o f 30 . He is dyslexi c
a n d on e o f his teacher s a t schoo l remember s his
'differen t wa y o f lookin g a t things' .
I n th e 1970s , computer s wer e larg e machine s an d
onl y larg e companie s use d them . I n 1976 , Stev e
lob s an d Stev e Woznia k change d all that . The y
starte d th e compan y Appl e In c an d produce d th e
world' s firs t persona l computer , Appl e I . Sinc e
then , Appl e In c ha s also produce d Macintos h
computer s an d th e iPod.
Stev e Job s also helpe d t o star t Pixar Animatio n
Studios . Som e o f th e best-love d animate d film s
hav e com e fro m Pixar, includin g Toy Story, Finding
Nemo an d Ratatouille. Pixar ha s wo n man y
Oscars ™ ove r th e las t 2 5 years .
1
V Complet e th e sentenc e wit h thre e possibl e answers : Steve Jobs is famou s fo r
sojpnjs uojiewmv Jexy 'pcy; am'sjsjndwoD Ljscnupeyv '| 9]ddv'3U| 9|ddy :s.iaMSiie aiqjsscyPresent perfect or past simple?
1 Use th e present perfec t t o tal k abou t recent event s o r
a past event whic h th e speaker feel s is connected wit h
t h e present.
Certai n tim e expressions are commo n wit h thi s use
o f th e present perfect. These include already, yet,
just, ever, never, before.
I haven't eaten yet. (= I'm hungry now.)
Has he left? (= He isn't here now.)
Use th e past simple t o tal k abou t a finished action .
Certai n tim e expressions ma y be used wit h th e past
simple. These include yesterday, last week, ago, then,
when, in + year.
In the 1970s, computers were large machines.
When did Apple invent the iPod?
3 Use th e present perfec t t o tal k abou t an event or
situatio n whic h began in th e past and continues now.
W e ofte n use tim e expressions wit h since and for wit h
thi s use o f th e present perfect, e.g. for a week, since
yesterday, for a long time, since 2004, and ask questionswit h How long?
How long have you worked at Pixar?
I've worked here for ten years.
4 The choice o f th e past simple or present perfec t can
sometime s depen d on th e poin t o f vie w o f th e speaker, or on th e context .
/ didn't see George this morning. (The speaker is talking at the end o f the day and this morning is finished.)
/ haven't seen George this morning. (The speaker is
talking in the morning - this morning is still going on.)
3 8
Practice
A Underline the correc t optio n t o complet e th e
sentences about Tom Cruise.
11 When he was a boy, Tom Cruise went /has been
to fourteen different schools.
2 While he was at high school, he acted/has acted
in school plays.
3 Since his first fil m in 1981 , the actor starred/has
starred in some very popular films , e.g. Top Gun,
Mission: Impossible and Jerry Maguire.
4 He worked/has worked wit h some very famous
film makers, including Kubrick and Scorsese.
[5 He was/has been married t o actress Nicole
Kidman until 2001 .
6 He became/has become
a father in 2006, when his
daughter Suri was/has been
born.
Tom says:
7 'I had /'ve had a very
interesting life.'
IB Complete these sentences using th e past simpl e or
present perfect o f th e verbs in brackets .
1 My grandfather didnt have much money when
he was a young man. (not have)
2 It difficult t o get a good jo b then, (be)
3 you thi s song before? (hear)
4 What you about last
night? (dream)
5 My uncle collects old motorbikes . He
three, (buy)
6 When the teacher in the room , we
stood up. (come)
7 There more accidents on the road
last month than in the whol e o f last year, (be)
8 You tha t coat for a
long time! (not wear)
C Match the pairs.
1 I've sent all the letters this
morning.
2 I sent all the letters this
morning.
3 She learnt t o speak seven
languages.
4 She has learnt t o speak seven
languages.
5 He worked fo r the company fo r
three years.
6 He has worked fo r the company
f o r three years.
7 He has sold a lot o f cars today.
8 He sold a lot o f cars today.
(It's four o'clock in the
afternoon.)
(It's eleven o'clock in the
morning.)
a (She is not still alive.)
b (She is still alive.)
a (He still works there.)
b (He doesn't work there
now.)
a (It's 10 pm and he is not
working now.)
b (It's 4 pm and he is still
working.)
i:niu,ni
/
Make past simple or present perfect questions from the words
and write them in your notebook. Sometimes both tenses are
possible.
1 you / ever / see a dolphin?
2 when / you / last / go swimming?
3 ho w many different schools / you / study at / before now?
4 wha t / you / yesterday / do?
5 how many exams / you / thi s year / take?
6 Whe n your mothe r was young, where / she / live?
7 you / ever / live / another country?
8 wha t / your famil y / last weekend / do?
1 Have JGU. ever seen a dotpjunf
In your notebook , answer th e questions about yourself and your
family . Use th e past simple or present perfec t in your answers.
Circle the correct option .
1
I
2
>:
I 5
L -
A: How long a multi-millionaire? B: Since I was 30. a have you been b are you c you have been
A: Have you ever seen Finding Nemo? B:Yes, it on DV D last week, a I've watched b I've watching c I watched
her Apple I computer since 1977. a She has b She's had c She have
We've seen some Pixar films, but I Ratatouilteyet. a don't see b haven't seen c haven't see
together for 20 years, fro m 1976 t o 1996. a They work b They've worked c They worked
3
S QT? Q £ ~*Z E X :SJ9AASU E JISAIA W
Present perfec t o r pas t simple ? 39
1 6 Used to
Sick people often used to sleep in temples.
T h e Ancien t Greek s
use d t o thin k tha t
the y wer e il l becaus e
o f ba d magi c o r
becaus e th e god s wer e
unhapp y wit h them .
So, sick people often
used to sleep in
temples.
, r
The Greeks didn't use to take medicine
and they didn't use to go to the doctor.
The first 'doctors'
used to be witches
or people with magic
powers.
Some people used to eat
flowers and herbs when
they were ill but this d.dnt
use to help everyone.
Hippocrates, born about 460 BC on
the island of Kos, made medicine
into a serious science. He is often
called the father of medicine.
Underline the correct option: The first doctowere Greek / believed in magic / were women.
Drs 3I8ELU UJ paA3||aq MSMSUUsed to
1 Used to is fo r habits and states whic h finished in th e
past. Used to ofte n contrast s th e past and th e present.
Jack used to live in Brighton, but now he lives in Liverpool.
Most people used to believe in magic.
2 The past simple can usually replace used to.
The Greeks used to sleep / slept in temples when they
were ill.
They didn't use to go / didn't go to doctors.
3 Use th e past simple, no t used to, whe n talkin g abou t
single activities, ho w lon g the y too k or ho w man y
time s the y happened.
/ went to the doctor yesterday. NO T / used to go...
We didn't eat for two days.
N O T We didn't used to eat...
Jane visited me in hospital twice.
N O T Jane used to visit...
4 0
4 Used to + infinitive withou t to . Used to has no present orcontinuou s forms .
Sick people often used to sleep in temples.
5 Mak e questions wit h Did + noun / pronou n + use to...?
Did doctors use to study science?
Did you use to eat a lot of sweets when you were young? 6 Mak e th e negative wit h did not (didn't) use to or never
used to.
They didn't use to take medicine.
Operations never used to be easy.
In spoken English people ofte n use did + used
(instead o f use) in questions and negatives.
Did you used to play with dolls ?
I didn't used to like him.
[Practice
A Charlie is now a millionair e bu t he used t o be poor . In your
notebook, writ e sentences abou t Charlie's lif e wit h used to
and didn't use to.
1
Now 10 years ago
1 He gets up at 11.00. 7 £ 0
2 He doesn't work. supermarket
3 He has a very big house. X big house
4 He plays golf. Xgol f
5 He wears expensive clothes. cheap clothes
6 He is unhappy. happy
1 tie used to jet up at 7.00
B Underline the correc t option . Sometime s bot h option s are
possible.
1 I had/used to have a shower last night.
12 Kurt was I used to be a very good friend.
I 3 It snowed/used to snow a lot in winter .
4 I met/used to meet Janice yesterday.
5 Children didn't watch/use to watch so much TV.
: 6 It wasn't/never used to be very expensive.
i 7 My sister went/used to go t o Mexico in 2007.
8 My sister went/used to go t o Mexico every summer .
C Read these sentences abou t lif e 2,000 years ago. (Four are
I true, four are false.) If th e sentence is true , rewrit e it wit h
I used to. If the sentence is false, rewrit e it wit h didn't use to.
I I Latin was an international language.
Uttn used to be an international lanjuaje.
2 People used t o think tha t the worl d was round.
People iiih't use to think, that the world was round,
3 There were bears in England.
4 People ate a lot o f meat.
5 Builders made houses out o f wood .
6 Mos t people lived in towns .
7 Travelling by sea was dangerous.
8 Children learned English.
D Complet e thi s advertisemen t wit h used to or th e
past simpl e o f th e verbs in th e box.
not answer be chan; ;e criticise do
ge t lose not isten sit not worr y
Mjouje t out of bed this morning ond feel terrible?
much filter ond beolfhier once?
jr answer is 'yes', you need powetf lakes !
Eva Clark (England):'!3 about my health but
I never4 exercise and my health got
worse and worse. Then I tried Powerflakes! Now I feel like a new woman.'
Andrei Wojdylo (Poland): 'My friends 5
me all the time because I was so lazy and unfit but 1 6
to them. I 7
in front of theTV all night and eat chocolates. If the phone rang,
I
8 it! Last
year everything 9 because I
1 0 my job and I needed to change
my life. Now, I have Powerflakes and life is perfect!'
In your notebook , writ e sentences about changes in
your life wit h used to, didn't use to or never used to.
Example: I used to dojudo but now I do karate,
..... .
— — — — Hi — — —
] Circle the correct option .
| 1 She wants t o be a vet now, but she want t o be a doctor
1 2 He eat healthy food , but now he only eats vegetables.
I 3 go t o the doctor very often when you were young?
I 4 My dad used t o smoke, but he when I was born
I 5 My parents give us medicine when we were sick.
a use t o b used c used t o
a didn't used b didn't use t o
a Did you use t o b You used t o
a used t o stop b stopped c used t o stopped
never didn't use t o b didn't never use t o c never used to
c doesn't used t o
c Did you used
L -
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Used to 41
Review : presen t perfec t an d used to
A Complet e th e tabl e wit h th e missing forms .
infinitive
withou t to
past simple past participle
eat ate
done
fel l
fel t
got
had
look
lived
play
walk
made
wrot e
B Rewrit e these sentences wit h used to, bu t onl y i f it's
possible.
1 I had a red bike when I was little.
I used to have a red biU when I was tittle.
2 Did you play computer games when you were a child?
3 I played tennis three times on holiday.
4 The Romans ate a lot offish .
5 She played the violin at university.
6 He didn't go t o the doctor yesterday.
7 Didn't they wor k hard at their old school?
8 This morning we made a cake fo r Grandma's visit.
C Mak e present perfec t questions fro m th e words .
1 your sister / live in Australia / how long?
ffow tcnj has jour sister lived in Australia7
2 ever / you / make a pizza?
3 start/yet/th e film?
4 you / how many times / ride a horse?
5 all seven Harry Potter books / you / read?
6 be married / how long / Henry and Gloria?
7 ever / you / have a party in your house?
8 Tony / yet / say thank-you for the present?
9 study English / you / before?
10 clean her shoes / Maria / yet?
D Writ e present perfec t or past simple answers t o th e
questions in Exercise C, using th e word s given.
1 six months
She's lived in Australia [gr stjc months.
2 never
3 jus t
4 three times
5 fou r o f the m already / the other three not yet
6 tw o years
7 last year
8 already/fou r times
9 never
10 yesterday
4 2
I Complete these dialogues using the present perfect, past simple
or used to.
Ml come A: the taxi CCme yet?
B: Yes, it came five minutes ago.
• 2 see A: you ever a UFO?
B: Yes, I one last year.
3 have A: How long you your cat?
B: About a year. W e her since Christmas.
1 4 play A: you tennis every week?
B: Yes, I , but I hur t my leg.
I 5 write A: you a thank-you email t o your aunt yet?
B: Yes, I t o her thi s morning.
6 meet A: Lisa, you my cousin Alan before?
B: Yes, we at your birthday party last year.
• 7 decide A: you about your holiday yet?
B: Well, we t o go skiing, but we where yet.
1 8 want A: When you were young, you t o be a
train driver?
B: Yes, when I was 12. Before that, I t o be a circus clown.
; 9 watch A: you Titanic on TV last night ?
B: No, I already it fou r times.
f Underline the correct option.
Lee Gould is in the middle of a tour of Europe
... on a bike. We spoke to him in Portugal.
Interviewer: Hi Lee. Tell us about your tour of Europe.
Lee: Well, I've 1alwavs / ever wanted to visit different
countries, and 21 was always / I've always been good at
cycling. So about two years ago I 3decided / have decided to
cycle around Europe. My plan is to visit every country in the
European Union.
Interviewer: And how many countries 4did / haveyou visited
so far?
Lee: Only 11. I've 5 tee n /gone to all the countries in the
south of Europe. I 6started/have started in Cyprus last year,
and then I 7took/have taken a boat to Greece. Since then
8/ cycled / I've cycled about 5,000 km.
Interviewer: Have you been to Ireland 9still /yef?
Lee: No, I 10didn't/haven't. I haven't been to any countries
in the north of Europe
11yet/'already, but I'm going to take a
boat from Spain to Ireland next week.
Interviewer: Are you tired after cycling so far?
Lee: Yes, I am. I 1 2 used /ha veto get really tired at the
beginning but it has got easier
13since / from I left Spain.
Interviewer:
14Did / Have you had any problems so far?
Lee: Well,
15 / fell /I've fallen off my bike many times, but
I
16
'don't/haven't really hur t myself. I've also lost my bike
three times, but I've 17always /already found it again. It's a
very special bike for me - 18 / have/I've had it for six years,
and it has been like a good friend for me.
Interviewer: Have you
19
'met/ meet any interesting people?
Lee: 20 didn't / haven't had time to talk to people, but in
every country the people have been very good to me. They
have helped me a lot.
Interviewer: One last question. Why are you doing this?
Lee: I'm trying to collect money for a children's hospital.
So far 2 1 1 collected / I've collected almost £5,000.
r
Review 3 43
17 Will, shall, won't
I hope you'll enjoy yoga.
Welcom e t o
Eas y Yog a course !
Underlin e th e correc t option : This is a business / fitness / music CD.
Will, shall, won't
Will is th e mos t usual wa y t o tal k abou t th e futur e in
English.
1 Use will fo r general predictions based on wha t yo u think .
Word s like think, hope and sure, whic h show you r opinio n
and attitude , are commo n wit h will.
It won't be easy but it will be healthy and fun.
I think the CD will be very popular.
I hope you'll enjoy yoga.
2 Use w/7/ fo r instant decisions made at th e tim e o f speaking.
Right, I'll continue.
I don't know, I'll check.
4 The short for m 7/ is used mainl y wit h pronouns and in
speaking.
/7/go.
You'll be happy and your whole body will feel good.
The negative short for m won't is commo n in speaking
and writin g wit h nouns and pronouns .
You won't want to turn this CD off.
5 Use Shall I / we ...?(NOT will) fo r offers and suggestions.
Shall I open the bottle?
Shall we start?
Don' t use will for plans or arrangements .
I'm going to have a yoga lesson tomorrow.
N O T /'// have a yoga lesson tomorrow.
Are we meeting at 6? NO T Will we meet at 6?
Shall is occasionally used wit h / and we in ver y
forma l British English.
We shall be very happy to see you.
3 Use will wit h th e infinitive withou t to .
That will be nice.
I hope the lessons will start soon.
• See Units 18 and 19 for more future forms.
statement S negative X
1 / You /He / She / wil l ('11) wil l no t (won't)
It/We/The y
question ? short answer / X
Willi/you/he/she / Yes, (1) will .
it / we / they go? No, (1) wil l no t (won't).
4 4
Practice
|A Write the shor t for m o f each ful l form . If no shor t for m
is possible, put X.
1 I will try yoga. (It
2 Shall we sit down? %
3 We will feel better .
4 Will she like it?
5 That will not be easy.
| 6 Shall I play it again?
7 I will not listen again.
18 Will the course be expensive?
9 I will stop the CD.
10 The instructor wil l not repeat it.
11 I hope it wil l be fun
B Read the tex t and make predictions abou t Victoria' s
new life. Complete th e sentences wit h will, '11 or won't.
! Victoria is fro m Russia . She move d t o Vancouve r
Mast wee k wit h he r parents . Victori a i s 13 an d
she is a goo d student , bu t sh e doesn' t spea k
much English . Wha t d o yo u thin k Victoria' s ne w
Life in Canad a wil l b e like ?
1 She It learn English very quickly.
2 Victoria like Canadian food .
3 Her friends in Russia writ e t o her.
4 She forge t Russian.
5 The climate be a problem.
6 Her parents worr y about her.
7 She feel homesick.
18 Victoria get lost in Vancouver.
9 Her grandmother visit her.
llO Her life be very different.
C Use the phrases in th e box and will/'ll t o make decisions.
buy some tomorro w do it tomorro w got my coat
give her some milk have a swim talk t o him
i l I'm cold.
l it je t ituj coat.
2 The baby is hungry.
3 I don't have any eggs.
4 I'm tired.
5 The sea is lovely.
6 There's Tom.
Underlin e th e correc t option .
Paul: Wha t do you think,
lshall/will Sunday be all right
f o r the picnic?
Sunday zwill/won't be fine fo r me. But, wait...
Sunday is my dad's birthday.
3Shall/Will\\Ne have the picnic tomorro w then?
4Shall/ Will we have enough tim e t o buy the food?
W e swill /won't need much, jus t some snacks. M y
m u m 6shall/will probably make something nice.
7Shalt/ Wilt I call everyone or
8shall/will you do it?
I
9 7 / /won't do it, it's no problem.
Great. It
l0shall/will be a lovely picnic.
I jus t hope it 1 1 7 / / won't rain.
Sue:
Paul:
Sue:
Paul:
Sue:
Paul:
Sue:
Paul:
I In your notebook , writ e predictions abou t th e futur e
wit h iv/7/ and won't. Begin each sentence wit h / [don't]
think, I hope or I'm (not) sure.
1 everyone / speak Chinese
I'm not sure everjone witt speak Chinese.
2 we / live / on Mars
I hope we won't tive on Mars.
3
4
5
6
7
8
robot s / do / all the housework
children / drive / t o school
everyone / have / a compute r
people / live / unti l they are 120
I / rich
the worl d / be / very different
omul • * •»s • •••• • • • • • • • • • * * •
i
i
I 3
I Circle th e correc t option .
I 1 I hope my sister this yoga CD.
I a wil l likes b wil l liking c wil l like
I'm sure tim e t o do yoga,
a she won't has b she won't have
c she won't be have
A: t o our new CD now? B: Yes!
a We shall listen b Shall we listened
c Shall we listen
A: Wil l I be good at yoga?
B: Yes,
a you wil l b you won't c you do
I think thi s yoga CD. It's to o difficult,
a I'll stopped b I'll stop c I stop
I 5
i • • ••••• < • •••• • I q s *<v 3£ m 3i:iJS3iA w
Will, shall, won't 45
Present continuous with future meaning
She's flying to Glasgow tomorrow.
On Tuesday morning she's flying to
Glasgow. She isn't having lunch because
she's making a video. At 9:00 on
Wednesday she's meeting her manager and
they're talking about a new film. Lucy is
seeing a friend at 11:00 and she's opening
a new theatre in the afternoon. The next
morning she's going back to Southampton.
She isn't working on Thursday, she's
spending time with her family.
Lucy Green is only sixteen but she
is already a famous actress. Today
is Monday and there is a busy week
ahead. Look at her diary.
1 Wednesda y
' Thursda y
True o r False? Thursda y is a fre e da y fo r Lucy.
Present continuous with future meaning
1 Use th e present continuou s (be + ver b + -ing) fo r plans in
t h e futur e whe n w e already kno w th e tim e and place.
On Tuesday morning she's flying to Glasgow,
We're meeting at two o'clock.
2 W e ofte n use th e present continuous t o tal k abou t a
definit e tim e in th e future , e.g. tomorrow, six o'clock,
on Friday.
I'm staying at home tonight.
She isn't working on Thursday,
4 6
3MI :J9MSUV
W e can ofte n use going to instead o f th e
present continuou s wit h futur e meaning.
She's spending time with her family.
= She's going to spend time with her family.
• See Unit 5 for the present continuous and
Units 17 and 19 for more future forms.
Practice
A Look at Lucy's diary for Friday, then complete the
summary using present continuous statements.
p:00 mtet wMager + yign umjrait
iyWdh^i^^f^dkr iKihaM + read wr'upt
MOO -17:30 W Kate- _
U:00 - interview wvtk jcurndi^h _
IVOO tiki jrS^M. hwi (Mm wtMivia
Key 1 S jettiiuj up earty 0 n Friday morning. A t 9:00
Bie 2
home. Her manager
I her at 11:00 and the y
• the contract. Lucy
• lunch wit h everyone in the
theatre and they 6 the script. In the
afternoon she 7 her friend Kate.
I At 18:00 some journalists 8 her. At
• 21:00 she 9 the train home. Her
mum • her at the station.
Here is part of Lucy's interview. Match the questions
I to the correct answers, then write both in full using the
present continuous.
1 Lucy /you / go / t o the Cannes fil m festival ?
2 you/have/a holiday/there ?
3 you/fly/t o Zurich?
14 where / you / stay? •
15 your sister /travel /wit h you?
• No/1/do / a drama course
b No/we/no t go/togethe r
|c No /1 / spend / the spring / in Switzerland
Id I/rent/ a flat / in Geneva
e Yes / but / I / not stay / in Zurich
I I Question: Ucij, are^jcujeind to tne Cannes film festival7
Lucy: lOo, Im spending tne spring in Switzerland.
2 Question:
I Lucy:
3 Question:
I Lucy:
4 Question:
I Lucy:
5 Question:
I Lucy:
C Complete this telephone dialogue with present
continuous forms of the verbs in the box.
come do not do give g o meet play play
n ot spend not stay take
Angela:
Stacy:
Angela:
Stacy:
Angela:
Stacy:
Angela:
H i, Stacy. 1
Ore you ^Oin^
t o the school disco tonight ?
N o way!
2 I my Friday night at
school. 1 3 my brother at 8.
4 he you wit h
h im t o the hockey game?
Yes, I'm so excited. He 5 against
a very good team tonight. Steven Stamkos
6 .tha t guy fro m the NH L
Steven Stamkos!' he
too?
No, he 8 the prizes. He
9 long. Anyway, wha t
1 0 you after the
disco?
1 1 1 anything special.
MV TURN!
^^ma$n^ Wha t are you doing
next week ? First, write notes in your notebook, then
write at least six present continuous sentences. Some
can be negatives.
Examples:
I'm watcnin^ mtjself on TV.
I'm not jetting up before 12 tomorrow,
Circle the correct option.
1 my manager tomorro w evening.
a I'm meeting b I meeting c I meet
2 the new contract.
a He'll bringing b He's bringing c He's bring
3 coming t o the theatre?
a You're b Wil l you c Are you
4 A: Are you making a video next week?
B: No, I made it last week.
a I don't b I won't c I'm not
5 We staying in a hotel.
a aren't b won't c don't
E
S 3 ^
3 £ Q Z
B T :SJSMSU B IISA I
Present continuou s wit h futur e meanin g 47
Be going to
I'm going to use magic.
The dragon is very angry (and hungry!) now - it's going to
eat you! You don't have a sword — i p o so you aren't
going to fight an angry dragon! Are you going to run away?
I'm not going to fight. I'm going to run away.
^ 9* Turn to page 212 .
I'm going to use magic.
»» Turn to page 45.
I'm going to speak nicely to the
dragon. We're going to be friends!
»» Turn to page 170.
Whic h answe r
• woul d yo u give?
Be going to
1 Use be going to + infinitive withou t to (e.g. do, say, have) fo r
predictions abou t th e futur e based on wha t w e see or kno w
now.
The dragon is very angry - it's going to eat you!
The water is cold. I'm not going to swim.
2 Ofte n be going to + infinitive withou t to shows tha t
somethin g is going t o happen immediatel y or ver y soon.
Be careful, it's going to fall!
Julie is working too hard. She's going to get ill.
3 Use be going to + infinitive withou t to for plans and decisions.
I'm going to use magic.
Are you going to clean your shoes ?
4 W e can also use th e present continuou s (be + verb + -ing) t o
tal k about plans and decisions.
I'm meeting Fiona tonight. = I'm going to meet Fiona tonight.
Be going to (NO T th e present continuous ) can be used
f o r plans whic h have no t been scheduled.
I'm going to buy a laptop tomorrow. = I'm buying a
laptop tomorrow. (A plan, I know when.)
One day, I'm going to marry a prince. NO T One day, I'm
marrying a prince. (A plan but I don't know when.)
statement / negative X
1 a m ('m) goin g t o see am fm ) no t going t o
see
H e /
She /
It
is ('s) goin g t o see
is no t (isn't /' s not)
going t o see
You /
W e /
They
are ('re) going t o see
are no t (aren't / 're
not) going t o see
question ? short answer/ X
A m 1 goin g t o see...? Yes, 1 am .
No, 1 a m fm ) not.
Is he / she / it going Yes, (he) is.
t o see...? No, (he) is no t (isn't /' s not).
Are you / we / they
going t o see...?
Yes, (you) are.
No, (you) are no t (aren't / 're not). V• See Units 17 and 18 for more future forms.
4 8
Practice
A What is (or is not) going t o happen next ? Look at th e
pictures and complet e th e sentences wit h be going to
and a verb fro m th e box.
break buy cry finish have snow
1 She sjeuuj to bcuj a new dress.
E The ball window.
13 It
ft The baby
5 The manager wor k early.
[6 She a baby.
B Complet e th e sentences wit h be going to. Some are
negatives or questions .
1 I love science. I rn^Otncj to study Physics at university.
2 She feels hungry, so she have dinner.
3 The party is tomorrow . you come?
4 He's broken his leg, so he play tonight.
5 They like fast cars. They buy a Ferrari.
6 A: he win? B: I hope so.
7 We don't have tickets fo r the concert. W e
see it.
C Underlin e th e correc t option . Sometime s bot h options
are possible.
We're going to do/doing it soon.
John is going to do/doing it tomorrow .
M y son is going to win/winning an Olympi c medal in
2020.
Are you going to study/studying hard at college next
year?
M y sister is going to have/having a baby in December.
We're not going to finish/finishing it soon, unfortunately.
Glenda is going to write/writing a book one day.
Is Dad going to take/taking you t o the airpor t on
Saturday?
J Read th e sentences, mak e your ow n predictions wit h be
going to and writ e the m in your notebook .
1 The dog is hungry. It sees some meat on the table.
Tke ao^'s jouuj to jump on the table and eat tne meat,
2 Mik e sees a nice jacket in the shop window.
3 I don't speak French wel l but I know the phone
number o f a private French teacher.
4 You like Biology and you are a good student.
5 Sally want s a car but her salary is very small.
6 They live in a tow n but they don't like the noise and
pollution.
7 You find 100 euros in the street. You see a police officer.
• • • • • i
• •••••••
Circle the correct option .
1 Be careful! The dragon up. a be going t o wake b is going t o wake c is going t o waking
• to read this adventure book again. D o you want it? a I don't going b I'm not going c I won't going |
[3 A: Are they going t o be friends? B:Yes, atheyar e b they going c they do
m A: magic? B: No, she isn't. She's going t o run away, a She is going t o use b Is she going use c Is she going t o use '
15 Relax! The dragon you. It's a very friendly dragon, a aren't going t o eat b isn't going t o eat c not going t o eat '
L — — — — — — — —
qS E£ °Z qi : SJ3MSU G J;S8XA'VV • •••••••••• •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• •
Be going to 49
R 4 Review: the future
A Matc h th e questions t o th e answers.
1 Shall we go dancing tonight? -
2 Wil l it be cold in Germany?
3 Are you meeting Rachel tonight?
4 Is the train going t o be late?
5 Wil l they arrive on time?
6 Are you both going t o watch th e tennis match?
7 Wil l your sister wan t t o come wit h us?
8 Is Dan cooking dinner tonight?
Yes, they're never late.
No, I'm not. She's on holiday, so I'm going t o stay at home.
Yes, she will . Is tha t OK?
Yes, w e are. I think it'll be really good.
OK. That's a good idea.
Yes, it is. Sue called t o say she's still waiting at the station.
Yes, he is. He's bought some pizzas.
No, it won't. At this tim e o f year it's usually warm .
B Read th e reasons fo r using differen t futur e form s below.
Find an example in Exercise A t o matc h each reason.
1 Will for predictions based on wha t you think: (Oitt i t be cotd in Qermawj?
2 Shall fo r offers and suggestions:
3 Present continuous for plans whe n we already know the tim e
and place:
4 Be going to for predictions about the futur e based on wha t we see or
know now:
C Change these sentences int o questions (?) or negatives (x).
1 She's arriving at 10 pm tonight. (?) Is s(ve arriving at 10 pm tonyfitf
2 This film wil l be very exciting. (X) This film won't bi very exscititu).
3 We're going t o be late. (?)
4 I'll need my passport at the hotel. (?)
5 Susan's going t o th e party, so I'll go. (X)
6 You'll enjoy this book. (X)
7 It's going t o snow tonight. (?)
8 You're going t o be sick. (?)
9 Your parents wil l be angry. (?)
10 We're going t o wi n the match. (X)
5 0
undejrUne the correct option.
• Jill:
lWillyou go / Are you going t o Joe's Halloween party next week?
Belly: Of course. I'm really excited about it. Wha t about you?
I Jill: Yes,2
I'll I I'm going to go. But I don't know wha t t o wear. Maybe 3 I'll / I'm
going to be a witch.
Kelly: Oh no, please don't.
4 /7//I'm going to be a witch. I've bought a black hat and
5
l'll/l'm going to have a green face.
•Jill: Oh, right. OK, so I 6won't/I'm not going to go as a witch . I know. 7
I'll/I'm going
to put a whit e sheet on my head and be a ghost.
Kelly: Hmmm ... Sue and Chris and Sharon 8will all/are all going to be ghosts.
Sue told me yesterday.
Jill: OK, OK. 9
I'll/I'm going to buy some Dracula teeth. Is tha t OK?
Kelly: Yes, that's a great idea.
Rob: Hi Jill. Hi Kelly.
l0Willyou go/Are you going t o Joe's party?
Jill: Oh yes. Yes, and ...
11l'll/l'm going to be Dracula.
Rob: Dracula? O h no... please don't.
12l'll/I'm going to be Dracula too .
Match the pairs.
1 We're going t o Korea next month . -^ N ^ — a I thin k it's going t o be hot.
2 It's a beautiful morning, wit h no clouds. ^ — b It'll probably be hot.
3 She's always late. a She probably won't be here on time today.
'4 She phoned t o say her bus didn't come. b She isn't going t o be here on time .
5 Ourfootball team is really good. a I'm sure we'll wi n today's match.
6 It's 6-1, with only 10 minutes t o play. b We're going t o wi n the match.
7 I've seen this film before. I know the ending. a Maybe she'll marry the doctor .
8 It's a great film. Ho w wil l it end? b She's going t o marry the doctor .
9 How many children are you going t o have? a I don't know. Ask me again in 10 years'time.
10 How many children wil l you have? b Two. Next month .
Make predictions (using will and be going to) and plans (using be going to and
[present continuous) with the words given. Some are negatives.
pi It / be very cold / tonight. (It's 8 o'clock in the evening, and already below zero!)
[ It'sjouuj to be very coui tonight.
;-2 It / be very cold / next week. (You think; you haven't seen the weather forecast.)
3 I/go to the cinema/tonight. (You're going wit h your sister; it starts at 8 o'clock.)
4 I / go to the cinema / next week. (You don't know when, wh o wit h or wha t film.)
5 My favourite footbal l team / play a match / this weekend. (You have a ticket,
the game starts at 3 o'clock.)
6 My favourite footbal l team / wi n the cup / thi s year. (You think, but you
don't know.)
7 We / go to a hot country on holiday / next week. (You have the plane tickets.)
8 We / go t o a hot country on holiday / thi s summer . (You don't know which
country or the date.)
20 Modal verbs: can, could, be able to
How can dogs help us?
r^Ho w ca n dog s hel p us ? j
Dog s ca n hea r an d see muc h bette r
tha n humans . The y ca n als o smel l
man y thing s tha t human s can't .
Durin g Worl d Wa r I, man y soldier s
wen t blind . Dogs wer e abl e t o
loo k after th e blin d soldiers .
I n Worl d Wa r II ,
dogs wer e abl e
t o smel l or hear
survivor s tha t
peopl e coul d
n o t find .
Sony' s Aibo .
Wil l a robo t
ever b e abl e t o
replace a dog?
W h y are dog s ver y goo d a t finding people ?
suewnq UEL|; jauaq ipnw ]|aws pue sas 'jeaq UBD Aaqx :J3MSU\\/
Modal verbs: can, could, be able to
1 Use can t o tal k abou t ability .
Dogs can hear and see much better than humans.
2 Can does no t change. It is th e same wit h al l subjects.
/ can swim. He can swim. They can swim.
3 Can is followe d by a second verb. The second verb is th e
infinitive withou t to.
Dogs can hear much better than humans.
N O T They can to hear...
4 The negative o f can is cannot. The short for m is
can't. The short for m is mor e common , especially in
conversation.
Emily can't swim very well.
statement / negative X
1/You/He/She /
It/We/The y can swim.
cannot (can't)
swim.
5 Mak e questions and short answers as follows :
question ? short answer / X
1 / you / he / Yes, (he) can.
Can she/it / swim? No, (he) can't.
we/the y
H o w can do; *s help us?
Use could (not) or was / were (not) able to for th e past.
In World Warn, dogs were able to smell or hear
survivors that people could not find.
Use will be able to for th e future . The negative for m of
t h e futur e is will not be able to or won't be able to.
A robot will / won't be able to replace a dog.
Will a robot ever be able to replace a dog?
See Unit 21 for can (request).
See Unit 22 for can't (forbid).
5 2
actice
Underline the correct option.
1 Dogs can/ could travel a long way t o find food .
2 Most dogs can't/couldn't see the difference between
red and green.
3 Often during Worl d Wars I and II, people were not able
1 to/can'tfind survivors.
4 However, dogs were able to/will be able to find them .
5 They can/could also carry messages.
6 In the future, scientists will be able to/can make better
robot dogs.
Make sentences by putting the words in the correct
order.
si bottle/1/open/can't/thi s
I cant open th.Cs bottle.
2 couldn't / name / her / remember / I
3 stand/child/able/The/wasn't/t o
4 at/meet/we /Can / 7?
5 question / He / the / answer / couldn't
6 play/can't / I / tennis
\\7 truck / drive / Can / a / she?
8 able / come / friends / M y / weren't / t o
Circle the correct option .
1 I... use my mobile here - it doesn't work.
a can (Tj) can't c couldn't d wasn't able t o
2 In 1998,20% o f the world's population ... not write ,
a can b can't c could d was able t o
3 The box was very heavy - I... carry it.
a will be able t o b won't be able t o
c can't d couldn't
4 When I was younger, I... read a book in one day.
a could b can c wil l be able t o d can't
5 I... take this to the post office. I haven't got enough time ,
a can b can't c could d couldn't
6 I'm not busy. I... go t o the post office for you.
a can't b won't be able t o c can d couldn't
7 Don't stay out late or you won't... get up early,
a could b can c be able t o d can't
8 The window was very small but my daughter... climb in.
a wasn't able t o b weren't able t o
c won't be able t o d was able t o
D Complet e th e sentences using can, can't, could,
couldn't, will be able to or won't be able to and a verb
fro m th e box.
come have hear imagine
I tJU U see speak understand
1 It's to o dark in here. I can't read my book.
2 I want t o learn Spanish. you
another language?
3 Whe n we move t o the country next year, we
a dog.
4 W e don't really know wha t life was like in the past. We
only
5 Bats
very wel l but they have excellent hearing.
6 That film was really boring.
you wha t it was about ?
7 I couldn't sleep last night. I a strange noise.
8 If I go to Australia to study, I
home very often.
I Mak e sentences abou t wha t you can / can't do now,
could I couldn't do whe n you wer e younge r or will /
won't be able to do in th e futur e and writ e the m in your
notebook . Use expressions fro m th e box or your ow n
ideas.
drive run 10 kilometres speak English
stand on my head touch my toes wit h my nose
Example: (dhen I was (our, (couldn't speak €njttsn.
1
Circle th e correc t option .
1 M y dog understand about 20 words in
Spanish. a cant o b can c is able
2 But he understand one wor d o f English,
a doesn't can b can't c can not
3 Whe n the people the survivor, thei r dogs
helped them.
a couldn't find b can't foun d c couldn't found
4 M y dog very fast.
a doesn't can run b can't run c cannot runs
5 A: Wil l the robot dog be able t o swim?
B: No, it a can't b isn't c won't
3
5 IT 7 E £ V 3 1 :SJ3MSU E jlSBX^W
Moda l verbs : can, could, be able to 53
21 Modals for requests: can, could, may
Could we go on a safari?
e p ]
Write to^l\\OTand tell him your dreams. For one
lucky winner, your dream will come true!
Dear Jim,
Could we go on a safari in South Africa? We'd really
like to see some real lions. Can our friends come too?
Best wishes, Claudia and Elena (13 years old)
Dear Jim,
May I have a baby sister, please? I have two brothers
but I really want a sister to play with.
Best wishes, Rita (10 years old)
P.S. Please could she have brown hair and brown eyes
like me?
Dear Jim,
Can you send me a model Ferrari? I emailed you last
month but you didn't send it. Could you answer 'yes
or 'no'? (I hope 'yes'.)
Best wishes, Charles (11 years old)
Dear Jim,
Could I work in the circus? I'm still at school but all
my teachers say I am a clown. May I send you a video
clip of myself?
Best wishes, John (123
's years old)
Match each person
t o their request:
1 Claudia
2 Charles
3 John
4 Rita
a a sister
b a holiday
c a car
d ajo b
E17 P£ D 2 I T :J3AASUV
Modals for requests: can, could, may
1 Use can, could and may t o ask fo r somethin g politely ; can and
could are more commo n tha n may.
Can you send me a model Ferrari?
Could I have a cake?
May I have a baby sister?
2 Use can and could, bu t no t may, t o ask people t o do things .
Could she phone me when she's free?
Can you come here?
W e can use can, could and may wit h th e first
person t o ask for permission. Could is more
polite tha n can. May is formal . W e usually give
permission wit h can, or w e can jus t say Of course
or Sure.
A: Can I leave the room? B: Yes, you can.
A: Could we have some more? B: No, you can't!
A: May I start? B: Of course.
Please + imperativ e is no t very polite.
Please + can / could / may + th e
infinitive withou t to is polite.
Don' t say Please do it!, say Please can
you do it?
5 4
actice
Match each request to the correct reply.
F1 May I come in?
2 Could you ring back later?
3 Can we meet on Saturday?
4 May I take your number ?
5 Can your sister come?
6 Could they buy some bread on
the way home?
7 Can I see your homework?
8 Could we try the cake?
9 Can you translate it?
a I'm not sure. I'll ask her.
b No, the shop is closed,
c Sorry, I don't know Italian,
d Sure, I'll phone again in an hour,
e Yes, take some. It's very good.
f No, I'm busy at the weekend,
g I haven't done it yet.
-h One moment, I'll open the door,
i Sure. 737-52-25 .
Write sentences asking for permission.
2
Can Us oat, please?
I want to speak
to Sarah.
V
We want to
come home
late tonight.
I want to
ride your
bike.
your notebook, write a request for each situation using can, could, may
and the words in brackets. Use may when you need to be very polite.
1 You are in a very expensive cafe. You want a coffee. (I / have) rou are in a very exf
Mow I nave a. coffeef
'2 You are lost. You see an old man wit h a mobil e phone. (I / use)
3 Your computer won't work. Your friend is good wit h computers.
I (you / help)
4 You are late for class. You want t o go into the room. (I / come in)
5 You want t o see your friend after school, (we / meet)
6 You have invited your friend t o a party. You like his CD. (you / bring)
7 It is cold. Your friend is in fron t o f an open window, (you / close)
8 You are going t o play tennis wit h a friend. You have the ball, (we / start)
D These emails to Jim are not polite. In
your notebook, write polite versions of
them using can, could, may and please.
1
Give me a Sony PlayStation
Could JJOU please jive me a Soixej PlayStation? /
Can jou jive me a Sonj PlayStation, pleasef
Buy me a new bike
I want to visit London.
Translate this email from my
friend in Mongolia.
Do my Geography homework.
Send my sister a birthday present. TO
7
want to go into space.
I want to be in the next
Spider-Man film.
MY TURN!
In your notebook, write emails to Jim.
Make them polite with can, could, may
and please.
Examples: Could (meet ftyer federerf
••••••••
• •• • i
| Circle the correct option.
I I Dear Jim. Can you my friend? a be b being c t o be
I 2 A:Excuseme your toilet, please? B: Yes, o f course. a Ma y I use b Ma y I using c Mayltous e
• for my sixteenth birthday? a May you give me a car b Could give you me a car c Could you give me a car
4 Dear Jim. Please a new mobile phone? a could have my sister b could my sister has c could my sister have
5 A: Mum? Can we have a dog? B:No,we a don't b haven't c can't 8 *
3 5 >T? 3 £ E X :SJ3MSU E JJSA X AY V
Modal s fo r requests : can, could, may 55
22 Must, have to and can't
I have to stay here.
People tel l you all the time ,
Poems do no t have t o rhyme .
It's often better i f they don't
And I'm determined this one won't.
O h dear.
Wendy Cope
Hove the first bit o f the morning
Voo™ s , wipeyourfeetbeforeyouwai k
Coral Rumble I have a fairy by my side
Which says I must not sleep,
When once in pain I loudly cried
It said 'You must not weep'.
Lewis Carroll
settles down on my knee,
and he carries a letter
tommy mother t o me
Littlebird,takethe g reeting
take a kiss and a tear
fori cannot go with you
as 1 have to stay here.
Which poem is about being far away fro m someone you love?
Must, have to an d can't
1 Use must
- t o talk about rules and laws
All passengers must wear a seat belt. (This is the rule.)
- t o talk about something the speaker feels is necessary.
You must phone me. (The speaker feels that this is important.)
2 The negative for m is must not. The short for m is mustn't.
Use must not or mustn't t o tal k abou t thing s w e are no t
allowe d t o do.
You mustn't smoke in the restaurant.
3 W e can use can't instead o f mustn't t o tal k abou t thing s
w e are no t allowe d t o do.
/ can't I cannot go with you.
I couldn't have sweets when I was a girl.
4 Use have to
- t o talk about rules and laws (a similar use t o must)
All passengers have to wear a seat belt. (This is the rule.)
- t o talk about obligation imposed on the speaker by
others or circumstance.
/ have to stay here. (The speaker can't change the situation.)
5 Use don't have to or doesn't have to t o tal k abou t
somethin g whic h is no t necessary.
Poems do not have to rhyme. (The speaker doesn't think
this is necessary.)
\
uiaoj :J9MSUV
6 The past o f have to is had to.
I had to show my passport at the airport.
The past of don't / doesn't have to is didn't have to.
I didn't have to get up early yesterday.
7 There are no past or futur e form s o f must. Use forms
of have to t o tal k abou t obligatio n in th e past or
future .
/ had to show my passport at the airport.
I will have to leave early.
8 Must does no t change. It is th e same wit h al l subjects.
/ must go. He must go. They must go.
9 Must is a moda l verb, and is followe d by a second verb
in th e infinitive withou t to.
You must not weep.
10 Question s are mor e commo n wit h have to tha n must.
Mak e questions and short answers as follows :
Don't have to is no t th e same as mustn't.
You mustn't walk on the grass.
N O T You don't have to walk on the grass.
question ? short answer/ /
D o 1 / you / we / they have t o stay? Yes, we do.
No, we don't.
Does he / she / it have t o stay? Yes, he does.
No, he doesn't.
• See Units 20,21,23 and 24 for more modal verbs.
5 6
actice
Complete the sentences with have to or don't have
to. Make them true for you.
If you want to be my friend,...
1 you be rich.
2 you be good looking.
3 you be kind.
4 you like the same things as me.
5 you talk about your feelings.
6 you remember my birthday.
Example:
1 j6k aWt have ts be rich..
Complete the sentences using must, mustn't or
can't and a verb from the box.
be drink drive ride your bike step talk
1 Drivers must Stop
2 You on your mobile phone.
3 You here.
• Cars under 60 km per hour.
: 5 You the water .
6 You quiet here.
Follow th e instructions t o complet e th e poem .
Think o f something you need t o buy. (Writ e the verb in 1 and
the object in 2.) Think o f someone you need t o tal k to . (Write
the verb in 3 and the person in 4.) Think o f something you
want t o eat. (Writ e the verb in 5 and the foo d in 6.)
N o w read your poem.
I must
1
3
buy
and
and
2
4
6
I must not buy
or
or
4
6
2
J ^ouar^g ^ in th e summer . In
you r notebook , writ e tw o thing s you have to do at th e
campsite , tw o thing s you mustn't do and tw o things you
don't have to do. Choose fro m th e verbs in th e box.
arrive early bring a ten t get up early have parties
keep the campsite clean make a lot o f noise
pay in advance wear a unifor m
Example: (don't have to jet up early,
Circl I e the correct option .
I I remember it's my mum's birthday next week. a must t o
I write poems at school? a Have you b D o you have t o
3 Please don't tel l my parents I had a hamburger . They know. a mustn't b have not t o c doesn't must
4 I my poem t o the class yesterday. a had t o read b must read c must t o read
6 trave l a lot when you were a pop singer? a Had you t o b Mus t you c Did you have t o
b has c must
c D o you must
a mustn't b have not t o
1
35 ET? E £ qz 3 1 :SJ9MSU E JISS X
23 Should, ought to
You should take off your shoes.
Here are some things you
should remember if you go
to different countries.
You should not touch somebody on
the head in Thailand. The head is a
special part of the body in Thai culture.
If you go to a restaurant in
South Korea, you should
take off your shoes. This
is polite.
In Russia, you
shouldn't
whistle inside
a house. (No
one knows
why!)
VPGuests in Mexico
should always leave a
little bit of food on their
plate. This shows they
are not hungry.
You ought to knock loudly
on doors in Nicaragua -
knocking softly is not polite
J
In Taiwan, you shouldn't
give somebody an umbrella
as a present. An umbrella
will bring people bad luck.
. 9 True or False? It is a bad idea t o wear shoes in a restaurant in South Korea.
Should, ought to
1 Should has a similar meanin g t o must, bu t is no t so
strong.
You should eat healthy food.
In Taiwan, you shouldn't give somebody an umbrella as
a present.
2 Use should t o ask fo r and give advice.
What should I do now?
A: I don't feel well. B: You should go home.
3 Should is a moda l verb so it has no -s in th e thir d person
singular. It is followe d by th e infinitive withou t to.
Simon should come with us.
N O T Simon should to come with us.
ami uaMsuy
4 W e make questions by puttin g should before th e
subject.
Should we buy a guidebook ?
What should I do?
5 W e make negatives wit h not. The short for m o f should
not is shouldn't.
You should not touch somebody on the head in
Thailand.
Children shouldn't play here.
6 Ought to = should bu t it is much less common . Ought to
is very rare in questions and negatives.
You ought to be polite.
5 8
actice
Match the correct advice to each sentence.
It's raining.—
I'm tired.
It's my birthday.
I'm worried about this test.
My tooth hurts.
6 My phone is ringing.
7 It's important information.
8 It smells strange.
a You shouldn't thin k about it.
b You should remember it.
-c You should take an umbrella,
d You ought t o see a dentist,
e You should answer it.
f You shouldn't eat it.
g You should not wor k so hard,
h You should buy a nice cake.
Complete the sentences using should and the verbs in the box.
buy eeme eat give kiss meet open say
1 Guests should come late t o parties in Switzerland.
2 You flower s fo r wome n on 8 March in Romania.
3 In Ukraine, you guests wit h bread and salt.
4 If you get a present in Thailand, you it at home.
5 When you answer the phone in Germany, you your name.
6 In Belgium, friends three times when they meet.
7 Guests everything on thei r plate in Bolivia.
8 If you have a house party in New Zealand, you
a key to guests.
Tick / the correct option.
\" t neather
a It is necessary t o wear the
[ hat if it's raining.
b You can wear the hat if it's
raining.
c It isn't a good idea t o wear
the hat if it's raining. /
3
[a It is a good idea t o clean
your teeth.
b This toothpaste is the best
for cleaning your teeth.
c It is a good idea t o use the
toothpaste tw o times a day.
grammar .
Mik e should do mor e
grammar .
Mik e has no tim e fo r
grammar .
(Geoff,
[Should I buy flowers?
l-«
Liz doesn't know if she
needs t o buy flowers .
Liz wants Geoff t o buy
flowers .
Liz thinks it is necessary t o
buy some flowers .
5
f* You should not open the ^
back of the computer.
I i s I SH U I PAG E I
You should not begin before
vou read the instructions.
la It is necessary t o open the
back o f the computer .
b It is impossible t o open the
back o f the computer .
c It is a bad idea t o open the
back o f the computer .
b
c
You ought t o begin reading
the test.
Read the instructions first.
This is not a tes t fo r
beginner students.
D Give advice in the following situations using
should or ought to.
1 You are always tired in the mornings.
you should jo to bed early.
2 Your neighbour plays loud music at night.
3 You have nothing nice t o wear t o a party.
4 You don't know wha t t o buy your father fo r
his birthday.
5 You are waiting for a friend but he is very late.
6 There are mice in your house.
7 You want t o be a pop star.
8 Your mu m says you can't go t o the party.
MY TURN!
Wha t advice would you give to tourists coming
to your country? In your notebook, write six
sentences using should, shouldn't or ought to.
Example: Vou ooddt to come in summer,
1:>3
v 3
•'••3
Circle th e correc t option .
1 Children should in the bus, so
tha t older people can sit down.
a stand up b standing up c t o stand up
2 You wear a hat in somebody's house,
a don't should b shouldn't c not should
3 take off my shoes in the house?
a Should I b Do I should c I should
4 Whe n a man meets another man, he
his hand.
a should shakes b should shake
c should t o shake
5 You a thank-you email fo r the
present.
a should t o writ e b ought t o wrot e
c ought t o writ e
a njnnl n qt- E£ qz EX :SJ9MS U E£ qz EX :SJ9MS U
e
i
Should, ought to 59
-O A Modals of possibility: may might
U J k We may never know ...
I
n 1925 a Greek photographer
saw a strange thing in the
Himalayas. It was like a man but
much bigger. Since then many
more people say tbey have seen
it; they call it the Yeti. Is the Yeti
real? It's possible, but we don't
know for sure.
You might see a Yeti if you go
to the Himalayas. There may be
many Yetis or there might not
be any. The Yeti may live very
high in the mountains. It may
be very shy. It might not want
to meet people. It mightn't be
very glad to see you (and you
mightn't be very glad to see it!).
Modals of possibility: may, might
1 Use may o r might t o tal k abou t th e chance o f
somethin g being true .
The Yeti may live in the mountains.
It might not want to meet people.
2 Use might instead o f may i f yo u thin k th e chance is less
certain.
It may snow in the Himalayas next week. (It's cold in the
mountains.)
You might see a Yeti there, (if they exist...)
3 W e can also use could t o tal k abou t possibilit y
(see Uni t 20).
We could go in summer.
Where could the Yeti be?
9 Wha t is th e Yeti ? a A ma n b A n anima l c W e don' t know. 4 May, might and could are followe d by th e infinitive
withou t to.
We may / might / could go by helicopter.
5 The negative o f might is might not, or (sometimes)
mightn't. The negative of may is may not.
It might not / mightn't be very glad to see you.
Many people may not return alive.
Maybe is no t th e same as may be.
Maybe (one word) means 'possibly' and usually
begins a sentence.
Maybe the Yeti is friendly. Maybe it lives in the
mountains.
may be is tw o words : a moda l (like can and must)
+ verb.
The Yeti may be friendly. It may be in the mountains.
6 0
actice
Match facts 1-8 t o th e possible reasons / consequences a-h.
1 The sky is dark. — ^ a
2 She speaks English. ^ » b
3 The tourists are lost. c
4 You don't want t o go t o that hotel, d
5 She is beautiful. e
6 You aren't at school. f
7 I can't find my keys. g
8 The baby is crying. h
She might be a model.
It may rain.
He might be hungry.
You may be ill.
She might be American.
They may be in the car.
It might be expensive.
They may not have a good map.
You are going on an expeditio n t o fin d th e Yeti. Use may (not) or might
(not) and the informatio n in th e box t o complet e th e sentences.
X
1 J I IUVV 2 not wor k
3 get lost 4 run away
ft not find the Yeti 6 not have enough foo d
7 follow 8 not attack
9 write a book 10 not survive
[ l It mjnt snow very hard
2 The camera may / mjnt not work. in the cold
3 We in the mountains
4 The Yeti
5 We
[6 We
ft Animals us.
8 The Yeti us.
B I after the expedition but
10 We
Captain Oakes is on an expeditio n t o fin d th e source o f th e rive r
Ganges. Read his emai l and complet e it wit h may (not) or might (not)
and the words fro m th e box.
be be find got lost have like need see wor k writ e
... I'm taking a good map because we 1 mjht je t lost
IWe 2
a compass too . I'm worried tha t we
3 enough foo d but we can't carry more. I
have my camera but it 4 in the cold. So, we
5 the source o f the river but not get any
pictures. This 6 a good thin g because the
people who live there 7 it if we take pictures.
Well, we 8
the source o f the river, but if we do
[ 1 9 a book about our expedition . W e
1 0 famous one day!
Captain Oakes
MY TURN!
Thin k o f a possible explanatio n fo r each
fac t or situatio n using may or might.
Writ e the m in your notebook .
1 You feel bad.
/cu. mjht be ill. / /cu may have a coU.
2 Your steak tastes terrible.
3 A dog follows you home.
4 You hear somebody knocking loudly at
your door early in the morning.
5 Your phone rings. You answer in
English. The other person doesn't
answer.
6 You see a strange light in the sky.
7 Your father has a free ticket t o the
opera but he doesn't want t o go.
8 A good friend hasn't spoken t o you for
t w o weeks.
saSsssSssssm _____ _
•::S
I Circle th e correc t option .
The photographer's story
true.
a may don't be b not may be
c may not be
M y uncle's going t o the Himalayas
next year. He a yeti.
a may see b may sees c mays see
Yetis able t o speak,
a might t o be b might be
c are might
Are you sure you saw a Yeti?
was jus t a big man.
a Maybe it b Migh t be it
c Ma y be it
You this, but I saw a Yeti
yesterday in your garden,
a might not t o believe
b might not believed
c mightn't believe
3S E fr IE EZ 3T : SJ3MSU E jisax ^v\\l
I
I
I
I
I
Modal s o f possibility : may, might 61
R 5 Review: modals
A Complet e th e sentences using th e word s in th e box.
Sometime s tw o or thre e answers are possible.
can could have may might must mustn't
ought should
1
2
Whe n you travel by bus, you mast have a ticket.
Whe n I was a young man, I run 10
kilometres, but now I'm to o old.
3 M y mu m says I t o come home before 10
o'clock.
4 I go home early today, please?
You t o read this book - it's very interesting.
I'm going t o take an umbrella because it
rain later.
She speak French and Spanish, but her
English is terrible.
Wha t do you think? I do the exam this year
or next year?
You watch television, but please keep it
quiet.
Don't worry. You don't t o buy me a present.
1 1 you give me some money, please? I've left
my bag at home.
At the zoo, you give foo d t o the animals. It's
very bad for them .
5
6
8
10
12
B Matc h th e sentences in Exercise A t o thes e reasons fo r
using moda l verbs.
a talking about present ability (Unit 20)
b talking about past ability (Unit 20)
c asking people t o do things (Unit 21)
d asking for permission (Unit 21)
e giving permission (Unit 21)
f talking about rules and laws (Unit 22)
g talking about things w e are not
allowed t o do (Unit 22)
h talking about an obligation imposed
by others (Unit 22)
i talking about something which is
not necessary (Unit 22)
j asking for advice (Unit 23)
k giving advice (Unit 23)
I talking about the possibility o f
something being true (Unit 24)
7
C Complet e th e sentences using th e moda l verbs fro m the
boxes.
could wil l be able t o can
1 Last year I C5U.W run 1500 metres in 5lA minutes.
2 No w I run 1500 metres in 5 minutes.
3 Nex t year I run 1500 metres
in 4y 2 minutes.
must/hav e t o wil l have t o had t o
4 Yesterday you wash the windows .
5 Today you wash my car.
6 Tomorrow you wash your
clothes - they're very dirty.
wil l be able to, won' t be able t o could, couldn't
can, can't
7 Whe n I was 5 I climb trees but I
ride a bike.
8 No w I'm 14 I ride a bike but I
drive a car.
9 50 years fro m now I drive a
car but I climb trees.
didn't have to, had t o have to, don't have t o
won' t have to, wil l have t o
10 Whe n I was small I do homework,
but I go t o bed early.
1 1 No w I do homework , but I
go t o bed early.
12 In 10 years I do homewor k
and I go t o bed early, but I
get a job .
Writ e thre e mor e similar sentences abou t yourself.
6 2
Complete each sentence b so that it means the same as
sentence a. Use two to four words including the correct
form of the word in brackets
1 a It's a good idea t o eat fruit and vegetables every day.
(ought)
b You OUjkt t(5 eat fruit and vegetables
every day.
2 a Maybe Sharon wil l know the answer. You should ask
her. (might)
i b You should ask Sharon. She
the answer.
3 a She'll be very good at playing the piano next year.
(able)
, b Next year she wil l
the piano very well.
4 a I want to open the window. Is tha t OK? (may)
b the window, please?
5 a You must have clean hair before you go in the
swimming pool, (have)
I b Your hair clean before you go in
the swimming pool.
6 a Bob will be ready in five minutes. Please wait in the
garden, (could)
b fo r Bob in the
garden, please? He'll be ready in five minutes.
7 a It's possible that Anna isn't asleep. I'll phone her.
(may)
b I'll phone Anna. She asleep.
8 a Don't worry. It's not necessary t o wear a ti e at the
opera, (have)
I b Don't worry. You
a tie at the opera.
Tick / the odd one out.
1 a You mustn't speak in the exam.
b You don't have t o speak in the exam. /
c You can't speak in the exam.
2 a We may go home now.
b We should go home now.
c We ought t o go home now.
3 a It might be sunny tomorrow ,
b It may be sunny tomorrow .
c It has to be sunny tomorrow .
4 a May I sit here?
b Must I sit here?
c Can I sit here?
a I can't understand her.
b I wasn't able t o understand her.
c I couldn't understand her.
6 a Could you be quiet ?
b Can you be quiet ?
c Should you be quiet ?
F Complete the dialogue with the modals from the box.
Sometimes there is more than one correct answer.
be able t o can/can't could have t o may might
must ought should
Alice
Brad
Alice
Brad
Alice:
Brad:
Alice:
Brad:
Alice:
Brad:
Alice:
Brad:
Alice:
Wher e are you going on holiday?
To Switzerland. We're going skiing.
Really? 1
Can you ski?
Well, 1 2 ski quite wel l when I was a
child, but tha t was 10 years ago. I think I
3 have some problems.
No, you'll be fine. You'll 4 be careful
on the first day, but after a day or tw o o f lessons
you'll
5 ski quite fast.
Lessons?
6 1 have an instructor ?
H m m ... yes, I thin k you 7 t o have
some lessons. You don't 8 , but it's a
good idea.
I don't know. It 9 be expensive.
I t 1 0 be. Just a second, my friend is a
ski instructor . He 1 1 know a cheap
instructor in Switzerland. You 1 2 call
him.
Great. 1 3 1 have his number , please?
Er... 1 1 4 remember it. But my mu m
1 5 know it.
Great. 1 6 you ask her?
O f course.
Review 5 63
25 Yes / no questions and short answers
Are beetles important? Yes, they are!
Thi s week Dr Stephe n Ellio t
answer s you r question s
abou t beetles •
Q
A
People often ask me this, and the answer is, yes, they are! Beetles
Q
A
Q
A
cemagazinesciencemagazin e
Are beetles important?
People often ask me this
are important because they feed on dead plants and animals.
Do beetles lay eggs?
Yes, they do. Then the eggs change into larva, pupa and adult
beetle. This is called metamorphosis.
There are 350,000 species of beetle. Is this true?
No, i t isn't - there are probably more! We just haven't
found and named them all yet!
Q Do beetles live everywhere?
^ No, they don't. Beetles don't live in the sea. But beetles
Q
A
were living on Earth before dinosaurs were here - and they
have adapted to almost every habitat.
Have beetles adapted to the Arctic?
You may not believe this - but yes, they have! The Arctic beetle
can live in temperatures of -40°C!
9 True o r False? Beetles onl y live in war m countries .
as|E-| uaMsuyYes / no questions and short answers
1 To make a yes / no question , pu t th e auxiliar y verb (e.g.
am, is, are, has, have) before th e subject.
Is this true? Have beetles adapted to the Arctic?
2 I f ther e is no auxiliar y verb, use do or does.
Does it have wings ? Do beetles lay eggs ?
auxiliary verb subject ...?
Is he / she / it OK?
A m 1 happy?
A r e you/we/the y living here?
Has he / she / it arrived?
Have 1 / you / we / they found it?
auxiliary verb subject ...?
Does he / she / it look good?
D o 1 / you / we / they have a question? Yes / no questions in English always have an
auxiliar y verb.
Do you come from here? NO T You come from here ?
Mak e a yes / no answer wit h jus t th e subject pronoun and th e auxiliar y verb.
A: Is it true? B: Yes, it is. / No, it isn't.
A: Are you cold ? B: Yes, I am. / No, I'm not.
A: Has she arrived? B: Yes, she has. / No, she hasn't. A: Have beetles adapted to the Arctic?
B: Yes, they have. / No, they haven't.
A: Does it look good? B: Yes, it does. / No, it doesn'tA: Do beetles lay eggs ? B: Yes, they do. / No, they do64
practice
h Match these questions abou t ladybirds t o th e correct
I answers. The verbs wil l help you.
wings
In 1999, four ladybirds went
into space in a NASA space
shuttle. They came back alive.
1 Are ladybirds beetles? a
2 Are all ladybirds red and black? >^ b
3 Do ladybirds lay eggs? \\ c
4 Have ladybirds adapted t o all habitats? \\ d
5 Is the ladybird larva red? V e
6 Does the ladybird larva have black spots? f
7 Has a ladybird been in space? g
Yes, they do.
No, they aren't.
No, it isn't.
No, they haven't.
Yes, they are.
Yes, it has!
No, it doesn't.
B Your aunt and uncle have a holiday house. You are going t o stay
there this summer, but yo u have some questions . Complet e
f their answers.
1 Is it close to the beach?
2 Is it big?
3 Does it have a swimming pool?
4 Is my cousin Silvia coming too?
5 Has Silvia been there recently?
6 Are the neighbours friendly?
7 Do the neighbours know we're coming?
8 Have you left the keys wit h the neighbours?
0 %, it is.
E tOc, it isn't.
e ::::: :
E
E
0
0
0
C Use the words in th e tabl e t o make eigh t or mor e differen t
questions and writ e the m in your notebook .
Have beetles have eggs?
Do a bee ever seen wings?
Does mosquitoes ever picked up spots?
you lay a ladybird larva?
a worm ?
Is important?
Are black and yellow?
Examples: Do mosquitoes tau e^sf
f)re mosquitoes important?
/ You are comin g t o visit your grandmothe r in
t h e USA. A t th e airport, th e immigratio n offio
asks yo u some questions. Mak e th e questions
using th e word s in brackets and writ e the m in
your notebook .
1 (your name / Marco de Silva)
Is^our name Marco De Sitvaf
2 (over 18)
3 (more than one bag)
4 (live/i n the USA)
5 (grandmother / living / in the USA)
6 (been /t o the USA /before )
7 (staying/fo r more than a month)
N o w answer th e questions in your noteboo k
using th e informatio n below.
NAME: Marco De Silva
AGE: 16
LIVES: Capri
REASON FOR VISIT:
Visiting grandmother. First visit.
LENGTH OF STAY: 2 weeks
NUMBER OF BAGS: 2
/es, it is.
Circle th e correc t option .
1 Sorry late?
a Do I b Are I c A m I
2 A: ? B: Yes, some beetles eat dead fish,
a Do beetles eat fish
b Are beetles eat fish
c Eat beetles fish
3 A: Are beetles very intelligent?
B: No, . They have very small brains,
a it isn't b they don't c they aren't
4 A: Have you ever eaten a beetle?
B: No, I
a don't b didn't c haven't
5 A: Does your pet beetle have a name?
B: Yes, he His name's Ringo.
a has b does c have
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Yes / n o question s and short answer s 65
26
A
Question words: Where? When? Why?
How? Whose?
How did he die?
I n 198 4 a farme r foun d a
bod y i n a field i n Lindo w
Mos s nea r Manchester .
T h e farme r calle d
t h e police . Scientist s
foun d tha t th e perso n
die d 2,00 0 year s ago . I t
w a s a ver y importan t
archaeologica l discovery .
The y calle d i t \"Th e
Lindo w Man ! Ther e
wer e man y interestin g
question s fo r scientist s
a n d archaeologist s t o as k
a n d answer.
• — V
. «•', jJtt
Whose body was it?
It was a man's body. He was about
30 years old.
When did the man die?
He died in about 55 BC (55 years
Before Jesus Christ was born).
How did he die?
The Celts - the people of Britain at
that time - killed him with an axe.
Why did they kill him?
We don't know!
Where is the body now?
It is in the British Museum.
O Underlin e th e correc t option : A farme r found/killed th e Lindo w Man. Question words: Where? When? Why?
How? Whose?
Where, When, Why, How and Whose are questio n words .
1 Use Where ...?to ask abou t place.
A: Where is Lindow Moss ? B: It's near Manchester.
A: Where are my shoes ? B: Next to the door.
2 Use When ...?to ask abou t time .
A: When is your birthday? B: 7July.
A: When did you get home ? B: Ten o'clock.
3 Use Why ...?to ask abou t reason.
A: Why are you wet ? B: It's raining.
A: Why did you become a teacher? B: I tike children.
4 Use How ...?to ask abou t th e wa y thing s are or th e wa y
people feel.
A: How did you get home ? B: By taxi.
A: How are you ? B: I'm fine, thank you.
66
puno_) J3Msu5 Use Whose ...?to ask abou t wh o has something .
A: Whose is this? B: It's hers.
A: Whose army invaded Russia in 1812? B: Napoleon's am6 The wor d order is: questio n wor d + auxiliary (e.g. is, didwill, etc.) + subject + main verb.
questio n wor d auxiliar y subject main verb
When will they understand? Where are you going?
Why did Jane cry?
7 Whose can come before a singular or plural noun. Whoscan refer t o people, animal s o r things .
A: Whose bag is it? B: It's Barry's.
Whose streets are cleaner - London's or Manchester's?
• See Unit 50 for more information on whose.
• See Units 27 and 28 for Who...? and What...?questions and Unit 30 for more How...?questions.
Practice
A Make questions by puttin g th e words in th e correct order.
1 did / he/ live / where (dkere did kt tivef
I 2 is / why / he / famous ?
I 3 farmer /the / did / body /wher e /th e /fin d
?
4 it/whose/farm/wa s
I ?
I 5 when / did / invade / the / Britain / Romans
I _ ?
6 did/the/Celts/why/him/kil l
I __ ?
7 do / about / know / people / how / this
?
8 him/see/we/can/wher e
B Write Where, When, Why, How or Whose.
• 1 flow was your trip?
2 is the British Museum?
3 do they know he died 2,000 years ago?
I 4 wil l the museum be open?
5 axe was it?
1 6 is the Lindow Ma n so famous?
7 did the farmer feel?
8 can you come wit h me t o see the Lindow Man?
jC Complete the questions wit h Where, When, Why, How
or Whose and a for m of be or do. Then choose th e
correct answers fro m th e box.
An apple Brazil Egypt eleventh
George Washington Greece horse Microsoft
1 Question: (dkere are the Pyramids?
Answer: They are in €^ijpt
2 Question: the Normans invade England?
Answer: They invaded in the century.
3 Question: picture
on an American $ 1 note?
Answer: It's a picture of
4 Question: th e 1896 Olympics?
Answer: They were in
5 Question: Newto n discover gravity?
Answer: fell on his head.
6 Question: Bill Gates leave university?
Answer: Because he wanted t o create the
company.
7 Question: national dance
the samba?
Answer: It's the national dance o f
Question: the Greeks enter Troy?
Answer: They hid in a woode n
D Writ e questions wit h Where, When, Why, How, and Whose.
1 (Ohose (nrtUaij cake is it?
It's my birthday cake.
2 ... (Often isjjour birtfiiatj?
It's tomorrow .
4
5
6
7
8
9
I usually celebrate it at home.
Because my famil y is there
Last year? Oh , I celebrated it wit h a big party!
That was my idea.
It started early, about 4 o'clock.
It started then because my gran goes t o bed at 9.
I invited her because she's a great cook!
/ Read th e firs t
paragraph o f a
detectiv e story. In
you r notebook , writ e
questions abou t it
using al l th e questio n
word s Where, When,
Why, How and Whose
at least once.
Chapter 1
The man is alone. It is cold and wet but he
isn't wearing a coat. He has been here a long
time. He wants to leave but he can't. The
police are not here yet. The man is afraid,
very afraid. Suddenly, he hears a voice. He
doesn't recognise the voice but he understands everything. The man runs back to
his car. The car won't start. He sees a face in
the mirror. He screams. J
Examples: (Ofiere is he? OOnx) is he atone?
QBS&.
»• • • • • • • • •
Circle th e correc t option .
1 body did the farmer find?
a Wh y b Whos e c Wher e
2 Ho w more about L indow Man?,
a I learn b I can learn c can I learn
3 Wh y broken bones?
a did the body have b had the body c the body had
4 we going t o the museum?
a Whe n do b Wher e do c Whe n are
5 A: I can't find my book. B: I'll help you. Where
looked?
a did you b you have c have you
3S Of E£ iz q-r:sJ3MSUEj;sai/fw
• •••••••
Questio n words : Where? When? Why?How? Whose? 67
27 Object and subject questions
Who studied at Hogwarts?
O D o yo u kno w th e answer s t o any o f thes e questions ?
iiui;(M^i^MiV0ir^^ii:(Mii(iiiyii( ^
[ What happened on
24 August, 79 AD?
r Wh
i Flemi
What did Sir Alexander
Fleming discover in 1928?
Who did
Romeo love?
Who lives at 1600 Pennsylvania
Avenue, Washington D.C.?
Who studied
at Hogwarts? I! What happens in the ninth month
of the Muslim calendar?
Object and subject questions
1 Objec t questions. In questions beginnin g wit h who or
what and using th e auxiliar y verb do, does or did, th e
question wor d is th e object.
A\" WhjDiMJohn lemon marry in 1969?
B: He married Yoko Ono.
(WhoI Yoko Ono = object)
A: What does she want?
B: She wants a new car.
(What I a new car = object)
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2 Subject questions . I f th e question wor d is th e subject,
w e don' t use th e auxiliar y verb do, does or did.
A: Whotdiscovered penicillin ?
B: Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin.
(Who I Alexander Fleming = subject)
A^yVhat happens in November in the USA?
\\ \\ What I Thanksgiving = subject)
B: Thanksgiving.
In a subject question, th e verb afte r th e question
wor d is in th e thir d person singular, even whe n
t h e answer is plural, e.g.
A: Who lives at number 42? B: Elena and Chris.
practice
|A Make questions by puttin g th e words in th e correct order.
1 Who /love /did / Scarlett O'Hara?
(Oko did ScarUtt 0 ffara Love?
2 What /o n 4 Apri l 1968 /happened ?
3 Who / Around the World in 80 Days / wrote?
! 4 landed on Mars/What/i n 1976?
5 Who / Wil l Smith / marry / in 1997 / did?
16 invent/did/What/Fran k Whittle ?
7 in 1969 / Wha t / Nei l Armstrong / do / did?
•
•
•
•
•
•
Now match answers a- g t o questions 1-7.
a Jules Verne e Rhett Butler
lb He walked on the moon. f The je t engine
|c Viking 1 g The assassination o f
d JadaPinkett Marti n Luther Kingjr .
Write complete questions using th e present simple or
the past simple o f th e verbs in th e box.
destroy invent live love paint sing about writ e
1 What / Miguel de Cervantes?
(Okat did Mu^et di Cervantes write? Don Quixote
2 Who/a t 10 Downin g Street?
? The British Prime Minister
3 What / most o f San Francisco in 1906?
? An earthquake
4 Who / Mary Jane Watson?
? Spider Ma n
5 Who / Sunflowers?
? Vincent Van Gogh
6 What / Tim Berners-Lee?
? The Worl d Wid e We b
7 Who / Elton John in his song Candle in the Wind?
? Marilyn Monro e
C Read th e text s and writ e a question fo r each answer.
There was an accident in our road yesterday. A driver was going
down the road too fast. A bird hit the car roof and surprised the
driver. The driver came off the road and hit a tree.
1
2
tOhat did tke car kit
(Okat kit tke car
? A tree.
? A bird.
Mat t like s cats bu t Kell y like s birds .
3
4
? Birds.
? Matt .
M y mu m tol d m y neighbou r tha t I didn' t like school .
A n d m y neighbou r tol d m y teacher !
5
6
? M y mum.
? M y teacher.
The world makes money and money makes the
world go round.
7 ? Money.
8 ? Money.
/ num. You have th e chance t o go on a sport irts activit activit y (course, \\
b u t you are no t sure i f you wan t t o go. In your
notebook , writ e questions t o ask th e organisers, using
who or what and th e word s in th e box.
teach happen can come wear bring contact
Example: (dkat oc^ou. teack on tke course?
Circle the correct option .
1 A: Who ? B: Tolstoy. a did writ e War and Peace b did War and Peace writ e c wrot e War and Peace
2 A: What ? B: The Harry Potter books. a write J K Rowling b wrot e J K Rowling c did J K Rowling write
3 A: What on 3 1 August 1997? B: Princess Diana died in a car crash. a happened b did happen c happens
4 A: Who on the left side o f the road? B: British and Japanese people. a drive b drives c does drive
5 A: What every February or March? B: The Carnival, a happen in Rio b does happen in Rio c happens in Rio
i
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Objec t an d subjec t question s 69
WHO are the X-Men?
The X-Men first appeared in comic books published by
Marvel Comics in the 1960s.
wWATQte X-Men like?
X-Men are people who are born with superhuman powers.
wtyATdo X-Men look like?
X-Men are very similar to humans but they are a little different.
They may have strange-coloured skin, for example.
wftATdoes Wolverine look like?
He has dark hair, blue eyes and claws. Wolverine is one of the
most popular X-Men.
WHAT'S he like?
Wolverine is good-looking. He is more than 100 years old, but he is still very strong. He can see and hear very well
^ Wha t superhuma n power s does Wolverin e have?
A.I3A JE3L) pUE 33S UE3 3L| pUE SuOJJS Xj3A S| 3|-| :j3MSliyBe like and look like
1 Use th e questions What is... like? and What does ...
look like? to find ou t abou t a person's looks.
A: What does Wolverine look like ? B: He has dark hair
and blue eyes.
A: What is Wolverine like ? B: He is good-looking.
2 W e can also use th e questio n What is... like?to find ou t
abou t a person's character.
A: What's he like ? B: He is still very strong. He can see
and hear very well.
3 Use th e question What is / was it like? to ask fo r a
description o f th e weather, a place or an event.
A: What was the weather like yesterday?
B: It was really hot.
A: What's Mexico City like ? B: It's very big and busy.
A: What was the football match like? B: It was great!
4 The plural form s o f th e questions are What are... like?
and What do... look like?
Wha t is he /sh e / it like?
Wha t are you / we / they like?
Wha t does he /sh e / it look like?
Wha t do you / we / they look like?
Othe r verbs similar t o look like include feel like, smell
like, sound like and taste like.
What does the coat feel like?
What do olives taste like?
What does the flute sound like ?
What does the sea smell like?
What... like? is no t th e same as How's...?
A: What's jo like? B: He's really nice.
A: How's Jo? B: He's fine.
Generally, w e don' t include th e wor d like in th e
answers t o these questions .
A: What does he look like?
B: He is tall and he has a beard.
70
Practice
A Match the questions t o th e correc t answers.
1 What does Batman look like? —- x a
2 What is Superman like? J b
3 What is Milan like? / c
4 What's the book like? ^- d
5 What do witches look like? e
6 What are superheroes like? f
It's one o f the largest cities in Italy and it's very fashionable.
They're always strong and they usually have a good heart.
They're usually ugly.
He wears a black suit and a mask.
It's funny, but also a little sad.
He has short, dark hair and he wears a red and blue suit.
B Complete th e questions using th e verbs in th e box.
feel like look like smell like sound like taste like
1 A: What ^ butterflies toot lib ?
B: Beautiful.
2 A: What sulphur ?
B: Very bad.
3 A: What honey ?
B: Very sweet.
4 A: What feathers ?
B: Very soft.
5 A: What drums ?
B: Very loud.
C In your notebook, writ e eigh t or mor e questions using
What... like?, What... look like? and th e word s in th e table .
/
MY TURN!
What do your grandparents like?
does the party look like?
did Harry Potter going t o
is/' s Charlie Chaplin be like?
are the weather
was Superman and Lois
were the first computers
Example: fOkat was Charlie Ckapttn lite f
Writ e appropriat e questions fo r these dialogues,
using What... like?, What... look like? and
How...?
1 A: (Ohat are^jow neighbours li b ?
B: They're kind and friendly.
2 A: ?
B: She's tal l and dark.
3 A: ?
B: She's feeling better now, thanks.
4 A: ?
B: It's an Italian island in the Mediterranean.
It's very beautiful.
5 A: ?
B: It was by th e sea and very modern. I had a
lovely room.
6 A: ?
B: I'm fine, thanks.
7 A: ?
B: It was great. Everyone was there!
8 A: ?
B: They're quite old now but they are still goodlooking!
9 A: ?
B: He's tal l and he wears glasses.
[QUEL
| Circle the correct option .
| 1 A: What like? B: He is very friendly, but he worries a lot. a does Iceman look b is Iceman look c is Iceman
I 2 A: What does Iceman's skin like? B: It's cold and hard. a feel b smell c sound
[ 3 A: like? B: It was really good. I loved it. a Ho w was the film b Wha t did the film c Wha t was the film
I 4 A: How is your sister? B: She's a very pretty b friendl y c fine, thanks
5 A: What does your brother look like? B: a He likes footbal l b He's tal l and thin c He's very nice
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Be like an d look like 7 1
29 What? and Which?
Which of them is the queen bee?
Wha t kinds of bees do you know?
There are many different kinds of bees,
but which bees make honey? Honey
bees, of course! Every family of honey
bees has one - and only one - queen bee.
Look at the three pictures of bees.
Which of them is the queen? Look
carefully. Which one has the longest
body? \"Yes, the bee in picture 2. This is
the queen bee. Picture 1 is a drone and
picture 3 is a worker.
Wha t work does the queen do? She
doesn't make honey - the workers do
^ that. The queen bee is the mother of all
the drones and workers. The workers
give special food to the queen. Wha t
/ food is this? It is called 'royal jelly'and
S only queen bees eat it.
q Complet e th e sentenc e make s honey .
H | a Th e worke r bee b Th e dron e c Th e queen bee
What? and Which?
1 Use bot h What or Which + singular and plural nouns t o
ask questions.
What colour is a honey bee?
Which bees are dangerous ?
What food does a queen bee eat?
2 Use What + noun fo r general questions whe n ther e are
many possibilities, and Which + noun whe n ther e is a
smal l or limite d numbe r o f possibilities.
What language do they speak in Timbuktu?(many
possibilities)
Which language shall we use -Japanese or English?(two
possibilities)
E M3MSliy
3 W e say What time... ?, What kind(s) of... ? and What size..What time is it?
What kinds of bees do you know?
What size are these jeans ?
4 Use Which of... + pronou n or the.
Which of them is the queen?
Which of the answers do you know?
5 W e say Which one(s)...?
Which one would you like?
Which ones are worker bees ?
• See Unit 27 for how to make What...?questions.
72
practice
A Complete th e questions using Which and a noun fro m th e box. bed car planet team telephone way
1 Which team. is winning? 2 is mine? 3 shall I go?
am I on? rarth? 5 is ringing? 6 do you want?
B Complete the questions wit h What or Which.
6 A:
.IN) hat colour is it? B: It's blue.
season do you prefer: summer or winter?
Winter.
music do you like? B: I like jazz.
game are you playing? B: We're playing chess.
book is Janet reading?
She's reading Charlie and the Chocolate Factory.
school did you go t o - Sheffield High or
/
MY TURN!
Sheffield Grammar? B: I wen t t o Sheffield High School.
|C Underline th e correct option .
10
What I Which tim e do you go t o bed?
What/ Which one do you want?
What/ Which size are you?
What/Which o f the films have you seen?
What/Which kind o f music do you like?
What/ Which o f her books is the best?
I don't know what/which tim e it is.
A: Here's your pizza, Sir.
B: What/ Which pizza? I didn't order any!
A: What/ Which university is older, Cambridge or Oxford?
B: Oxford.
A: Good morningjan e Smith calling.
B: I'm sorry, I can't hear you. What/ Which name was that?
Writ e What or Which questions about bees in
t h e correct places in th e dialogue.
Beekeeper: Hello, nice t o meet you.
;
lOhat^oestionsaojca have abcat bees ?
You: I can see a lot o f bees! 2
?
Beekeeper: This one wit h the yellow spot.
You:
3
Beekeeper: Honey bees live in many countries.
You can find the m on four continents.
You:
4
Beekeeper:
You:
Beekeeper:
You:
Beekeeper:
Antarctica. It's to o cold! There are
seven main types o f honey bee but
none o f the m live there.
5
I have European honey bees. They
make great honey.
M y honey, o f course!
__________ _
••••••• •
Circle the correct option .
I 1 I don't know the difference between bees and wasps. Which isdangerous? a fromthe m b ofthe m c ofthe y
I 2 A: food do wasps eat? B: Mostl y they eat other insects, a Whic h b Whic h o f c Wha t
3 the flowers in your garden do the bees like? a Whic h b Wha t c Whic h o f
[4 A: What ? B: Orange and black or brown and black, a are honey bees colour b colour are honey bees
c colour honey bees are
I
5 A: homes do wasps live in? B: Paper nests, a Wha t kind o f b Ho w kind c Wha t kind i
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What?and Which? 73
Swimming the Channel:
frequently Asked Questio'
How many people have swu m the Channel?
Around a thousand people have swum the Channel, the sea
between England and France. The 'Queen of the Channel .
Alison Streeter, has swum it 38 times.
How far is it?
The direct route is 32 kilometres from Shakespeare Beach.
Dover to Cap Gris Nez, France.
How long does it take?
It takes 10-20 hours, depending on how good you
are at swimming and the weather.
ENGLAN D
FRANC E
How cold is the water?
The water temperature is from 13-17° in summer. The cold
is probably the biggest problem in swimming the Channel.
How muc h should I practise?
A lot! You wil l need to swim for one or two hours a day.
Some of this training must be in open water.
How often should I eat during the swim?
Eat every half-hour. Eating in the water is not easy, so
practise.
T h e Channe l goe s betwee n E an d F
How...? questions
1 Use How + an adjective or an adverb in questions .
How cold is the water?
How hungry are you ?
How late did you get home?
2 Use How far...? t o ask abou t distance.
A: How far is it from London to Paris ?
B: One hour by plane.
A: How far did you drive ? B: 600 kilometres.
3 Use How long ...?to ask abou t tim e or length .
A: How long is the film ? B: It's two hours long.
A: How long is the canal? B: About 200 kilometres.
Use How long does it take? to ask abou t ho w much
tim e you need t o go somewher e or do something .
A: There's a plane to Paris.
B: How long does it take?
A: One hour.
9DUBJ-) :puE|Sug :J3MSU\\
Use How often ...?to ask abou t frequency.
A: How often do you go swimming?
B: Every day. / Twice a week.
A: How often is Steven here?
B: He only comes on Tuesdays / Not very often.
Use How many...? wit h plural countable nouns.
How many people have swum the Channel?
How many eggs do we need?
Use How/mud?...?wit h singular uncountable nouns.
How much food shall we take?
How much time do you need?
See Unit 40 for more information on countable and
uncountable nouns.
Use How much... ? withou t a noun t o ask about th e price
or quantit y o f something .
A: How much does it cost? B: Eleven euros.
A: How much did she eat? B:A lot!
See Unit 26 for more information on How in questions.
I74
Practic e
A Match the questions t o th e correc t answers.
1 How wide is the Channel? -
2 How important is it?
3 How deep is it?
4 How many types offish live there?
5 How often are there big storms in the Channel?
6 How long does it take t o get through the
Channel tunnel?
7 How much does a ticket through the tunnel cost?
8 How popular is Dover Castle?
a Very. 40 0 ships cross the Channel every day.
b About 200 euros.
c Between 32 and 240 kilometres
d Rarely, the water is usually calm.
e 300,000 people visit it every year.
f It's about 120 metres in the middle.
g 20 minutes on most trains.
h There are about 1,000 different kinds.
B Complete th e questions wit h th e word s in
the box.
far fast good long much often eW
mum
1 A: How o(4 js your grandmother?
B: She's 85 tomorrow.
2 A: How is your house fro m school?
B: It's about a ten-minute walk.
3 A: How is her English?
B: She speaks it almost perfectly.
4 A: How are you staying in Madrid?
B: We're only here fo r the weekend.
5 A: How does it cost?
B: Seven euros.
6 A: How does it go?
B: About 60 kilometres an hour.
7 A: How do you go t o the cinema?
B: Once a month .
C Complete each questio n b so tha t it means th e same as
question a. Use one t o thre e words .
1 a Does Alison Streeter train hard?
b How mti does Alison Streeter train?
2 a Do you swim every day or every week?
b How swim?
3 a What is the temperature o f the water in the
Channel?
b How the water in the
Channel?
4 a What is the distance fro m England t o France?
b How fro m England t o France?
5 a Did you swim the Channel quickly?
b How take
you t o swim the Channel?
6 a Did you eat a lot during the swim?
b How eat
during the swim?
/zzz: _
you'd like t o ask an Olympi c athlete .
Example: ffo\"w often do^oa train /
I Circle th e correc t option .
I 1 A: Ho w were you when you first swam
I the Channel? B: I was 15 years old.
a old b many c age
2 A: Ho w did it take you t o swim the Channel?
• B: Abou t 18 hours.
I a longtim e b many tim e c long
I 3 A: Ho w water should I drink?
B: Abou t 5 litres.
a much b many c often
' 4 A: Ho w do they go swimming?
I B: Five times a week.
I a long b often c many
I 5 A: Ho w t o go swimming in your city?
B: Five euros.
* a many it costs b much it costs
I c much does it cost
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How...?questions 75
31 So and neither
Neither do I.
chat \\M.t&£.aO)t boards. contact us litotes
T H E 12 3 CHATROOM fortee^so^L y
SEND US YOU R COMMENTS .
Tell us things you don't need in you r life .
[emma ]
[nicko ]
[suz i an d abi ]
[todd ]
[nicko ]
[todd ]
[emma ]
[suz i an d abi ]
[emma ]
[todd ]
Easy. M y brother. Maths . Winter . Mil k chocolat e
Neithe r d o I. Dar k chocolat e is th e best .
Hello , Emma ! You'r e right . Winte r is so boring .
H i , everyone . I thin k winte r is OK.
M e too . I lov e snow. An d there' s footbal l
I ' m a Mancheste r Unite d fan .
So a m I. ©
I hat e football . ©
So d o we . An d cabbage .
Does anyon e lik e cabbage ?
No.
Yuk !
I don' t lik e i t
So and neither
1 Use so + auxiliar y verb + subject t o mean 'too ' or 'also'.
A: I'm a Manchester United fan.
B: So am /.'(= I'm a Manchester United fan, too.)
A: I think winter is OK.
B: So do I. (= I think winter is OK, too.)
A: I hate football.
B: So do we. (= We hate football, too.)
2 The negative is neither + auxiliar y verb + subject.
A: I don't like it.
B: Neither do I. (= I don't like it either.)
3 Use th e same auxiliar y verb afte r so or neither as th e
auxiliary verb in th e original statement .
A: I am a football fan.
B: So am I.
I've never been to Spain. Neither has my brother.
4 I f ther e is no auxiliar y verb in th e original statement,
use a for m o f do.
A: Nicko likes white chocolate.
B: So does Todd.
A: I hate football.
B: So do we.
5 Afte r so and neither th e auxiliar y verb comes before the | subject.
So am I. NO T So I am.
Neither does she. NO T Neither she docs.
6 Instead o f So am I or So do I w e can say Me too. Instead
o f Neither am I or Neither do I w e can say Me neither.
You can pronounce neitherwlth an /ai / or an /i: /
sound. The firs t is mor e commo n in Britain, th e
second in th e USA.
76
Practice
A Match each sentence t o an appropriat e reply.
1 I'm tired today. — a
2 I'm not working this weekendX b
3 I don't come here often. \\ c
4 Frank plays tennis really well. d
5 I haven't heard the new CD yet. e
6 Isabel has been t o the USA f
lots of times. \\
7 She can count t o 20 in German. V g
8 My friends were on holiday h
last week.
So can I.
So was I.
Neither do I.
So has her sister.
Neither am I.
So does
his brother.
So am I.
Neither have I.
B Suzi and Abi always agree. Writ e Abi's replies t o wha t
Suzi says (two replies each time).
<suzi> <abi>
j 1 lam 16. So ami Me too
I 2 I chat on the website
every evening.
• 3 I don't eat chocolate.
4 I am good at English.
j 5 I don't watch horror movies.
6 I hate football.
7 I'm not going out this weekend.
8 I think winter is boring.
C Write sentences abou t Suzi and Ab i using th e
| information in Exercise B.
I I Sixziib 16 and so is ftbi,
• 2
I 3
I 4
I 5
j 6
I 7
8
D Write replies t o th e followin g statement s using so or
neither and th e subject in brackets.
1 A: We are ready!
B: (we) So are we!
2 A: Are your parents coming t o the show?
B: No, they're not and (my friends)
3 A: Maria's studying medicine.
B:(her sister)
4 A: I didn't understand wha t he said!
B:(l)
5 A: My dad hasn't been here before.
B:(my mum)
6 A: I was up late last night.
7 A: I though t the film was great.
B: (we)
8 A: I can't see the board.
B:(l)
9 A: Mr s Jacobs isn't very polite.
B: (her husband)
10 A: They live in the city centre.
B: (my cousins)
11 A: I'm really cold.
B:(l)
12 You weren't listening!
B: (you)
^ ^ WTipUjte ^ about yourself.
Whic h people have th e same opinions? Writ e sentences
in your notebook .
M e Emma Todd Nicko
likes cabbage no no no
likes Maths no yes no
is a Manchester
United fan
no yes yes
thinks winter is
boring
yes no no
Example: Toio' tides Matds an i so etc 1!
m
u _
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Circle th e correc t option .
1 M y cat is beautiful and so my dog.
a do b does c is
2 A: I've never used a chatroom. B:
a So have I b Neither have I c Neither I have
3 A: You shouldn't say bad things about your brother.
B:
a So shouldn't you b Neither shouldn't you
c Neither should you
4 A: Robert isn't coming t o the party.
B: Neither Paul and Jack,
a are b is c do
5 Emma chatted last night for fou r hours. So
a Todd did b did Todd c does Todd
>••••••• •
So an d neither 77
32 Question tags
Chocolate is bad for you, isn't it?
_
Wha t d o yo u kno w
Chocolate is bad for you, isn't it?
Not really. Chocolate has a lot of calories but this is only a
problem if you eat too much of it.
Coffee stops you sleeping, doesn't it?
Yes, it does. The caffeine in coffee is a stimulant, so it isn't
a good idea to drink coffee before you go to bed.
Vitamin tablets aren't necessary, are they?
No, they aren't. Taking vitamins every day is definitely not
idea.
O Underlin e th e correc t option : It is bette r t o drin k coffee in th e morning/evening. Question tags
1 Use question tags in conversation t o check informatio n
or t o check tha t th e listener agrees wit h you .
Chocolate is bad for you, isn't it?
You phoned the doctor, didn't you?
It's a lovely day, isn't it?
2 A sentence wit h a questio n ta g has a mai n clause (You
know Simon...) and th e questio n ta g (... don't you?).
The question ta g has an auxiliar y (e.g. is, do, have) or a
moda l (e.g. iv/7/, can) + a subject pronoun .
main clause questio n ta g
He's coming, isn't he ?
SUJLUOW M3MSUV3 Usually, i f th e main clause is affirmative, th e question tis negative.
She's a doctor, isn't she?
It could help, couldn't it?
I f th e main clause is negative, th e question tag is affirmatiYou don't feel well, do you?
Mike won't be in hospital long, will he?
They won't go, will they?
I f ther e is no auxiliar y o r modal , use th e correct for m
o f do.
You know DrJones, don't you?
The doctor didn't phone, did she?
The intonatio n on th e ta g rises i f it is a real question
(i.e. i f th e speaker is not sure o f th e answer).
Canberra isn't the capital of Australia, is it?
Sydney is bigger.
The intonatio n on th e ta g falls i f th e speaker is
sure o f th e answer.
You're American, aren't you ? You have an American
accent.
I'm in th e main clause aren't I in th e question tag .
I'm right, aren't I?
4 Mak e a short answer wit h a subject pronoun and an
auxiliar y verb.
A: You're OK, aren't you? B: Yes, I am.
A: Did you see the doctor? B: No, I didn't.
78 • See Units 25 and 31 for more information on short answers.
Practice
jA Match the sentence beginnings t o th e correc t tags.
[ 1 You don't like pizza, — a isn't it?
2 It's a fact \\, b aren't I?
3 The children know, \\ c won' t they?
4 I'm not going, \\ d did it?
5 His mum hasn't phoned, \\ ^ e do you?
6 They'll remember, f can't he?
7 It didn't rain, g has she?
8 Simon can come, h am I?
| 9 I'm the winner, i don't they?
IB Complete the questions wit h th e correc t tags.
1 You're M r Smith, aren'tMoa ?
2 We aren't late, ?
3 I'm next, ?
4 He's having a meeting, ?
5 The dog won't bite , ?
6 You had fun at the party, ?
7 Your wife knows, ?
8 The workers made a mistake, ?
9 It hasn't snowed, ?
10 You don't have a brother, ?
C Write affirmative (/ ) or negative (X) short answers.
1 Is it 6 o'clock? (/) Vis, i t is.
2 Do you know Glenda? (X) K)<5,1 aVt.
3 Are you ready, Simon? (/)
4 Is this my pen? (X)
5 Did Dave tel l you? (/)
6 Have you tw o had dinner? (X)
7 Can your cat swim? (/)
8 Are the children coming? (X)
D Sarah is a runner. She is talkin g t o her doctor. Complet e
the dialogue wit h th e correc t questio n tags.
Doctor: Hello, you're Sarah, 1
aren't^OU, ?
Sarah: Yes, I am. I'm not late, -
' ?
Doctor: No, don't worry. Now, your back isn't feeling
I good, 3
?
Sarah: No, the pain is terrible. You don't have any
aspirin,' ?
Doctor: Aspirin won' t help. You've stopped training,
5 ?
Sarah: Almost. Jogging is all right, 6
?
Hal f an hour a day won' t do any harm,
7 ?
Doctor: I suppose not.
E Change these statement s int o affirmative or negative
questions wit h questio n tags.
mm
m
1 Its a icy, isn't itf
2
3
4
MYTURN!
tags t o ask a frien d abou t a part y he / she has been to .
As k abou t th e guests, th e music, th e food , th e tim e
he / she left, etc.
Example: Tke food, washed, wasn't itf
e the correct option .
1 She eats a lot o f chocolate, ? a isn't she b don't she c doesn't she
J 2 The doctor wil l tel l me t o do more exercise, ? awon'tsh e b she won' t cdoesn'tsh e
I 3 I'm getting very suntanned, ? Maybe I'm sunbathing to o much. a am not I b aren't I c amn't I
4 You haven't been ill for a longtime , you? a do b were c have
5 A:They shouldn't take vitamins every day, should they? B: No,
c they shouldn't
a they should b shouldn't they
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Questio n tags 79
A Matc h th e questions abou t Rosa t o th e correc t answers.
1 Is Rosa beautiful? H
2 Whe n is her birthday? •
3 Has she been t o India? •
4 Wha t does she like? LJ
5 What's she like? •
6 Wh y does she speak English well? •
7 Wh o likes her? •
8 Wh o does she like? •
9 Wher e does she live? •
10 Ho w is she? •
a She's very nice,
b In February.
c W e all like her. She's very popular,
d Yes, she has.
e Because her dad is fro m Scotland,
f She likes Brad Pitt. She thinks he's cool,
g She likes horses and dancing,
h Yes, she is.
i No t very well. She feels sick today,
j In the city centre.
B Mak e questions by puttin g th e word s in th e correct order.
1 o f / Wha t / like / do I kind / music / you?
What (ana cfmusic a6.JJ.tt tike, ?
2 book / Wh o / favourite / wrot e / your?
?
3 your / are / Ho w / parents / old?
?
4 you / do/computer/Whos e / use?
6 visited / Ho w / have / many / you / countries?
7 eyes / are/Wha t / your/colour ?
5 are/friend s / your/Wha t / like?
8 games / you / Ho w / do / often / computer / play?
9 school / Ho w / it / t o / take / does / get / long / to?
N o w answer th e questions fo r yourself.
C Complet e th e dialogues, using questio n tags, short
answers and so or neither.
1 A You're 15, aren't ^<5U. ?
B No, I'lHWt I'm 14.
A Really? 5oami !
2 A You writ e poems, 3 B No, I write songs.
A D o you? J 3 A You didn't go t o Phil's party, i
B Yes, But I didn't go t o Helen's party.
A Didn't you? !
4 A You can't speak Chinese, i
B Yes, But I can't speak Korean.
A Can't you? !] 5 A You've lived here for eight years, fl B No, I've lived here for 1 1 years.
A Have you? 1 6 A You don't like mushrooms, I B Yes, .Bu t I don't like fish.
A Don't you? 1 7 A Your sister is going on holiday t o Peru, ?j B No, She's going to Chile.
A Is she? my sister!
8 A Your brother has broken his arm, ?
B No, He's broken his leg.
A Has he? my brother!
80
D Put the dialogue in th e correc t order. Writ e number s 2-1 3 nex t t o th e lines.
1 a A: Are you going t o the concert tonight?
b B: Er... no, 1 don't. Hey, the ticket has a photo o f the band. Whic h one is your brother?
c A: No, he doesn't. He's a drummer. Have you heard him play?
d A: Because 1 prefer small concerts. 1 don't like it when hundreds o f people are shouting.
e A: He's the one wit h long black hair and a big black hat. Do you think he looks cool?
f A: So do 1. It's going t o be really good. Did you know my brother is playing?
g A: Oh yes. He's fantastic. Ho w many people wil l be there tonight?
h A: Heavy metal and hard rock. Do you like rock music?
i B: No, 1 haven't. Is he good?
j B: No, 1 didn't. Oh , 1 remember. He plays guitar, doesn't he?
k B: Neither do 1. Wha t kind o f music does your brother play?
I B: Yes, 1 am. 1 love concerts.
m B: 1 don't know. Maybe 500. Why ?
14 n B: Er... maybe.
E Complete each questio n wit h one wor d fro m Box A and
one word fro m Box B.
Hew How Ho w Ho w Ho w Wha t Wha t
What Which Whos e
B
coffee far kind like long many much often
one time
1 A: tffiw far is it fro m the Earth t o the Moon ?
B: 384,403 km.
2 A: does rabbit meat taste ?
B: It's a bit like chicken.
3 A: do you visit your grandparents?
B: About six times a year.
4 A: o f computer games do you like?
B: I love fantasy games.
5 A: hats do you have?
B: Three. Two winter hats and a sun hat.
6 A: is this?
B: It's John's, he drinks about five cups a day.
7 A: were your shoes?
B: I paid 50 euros for them .
8 A: We have four different pizzas. do you
want? B: Can I have that one, please?
9 A: is the journey fro m London t o Ne w
York? B: Abou t 7V2 hours.
10 A: do you usually go t o bed?
B: Between 10 pm and 1 1 pm.
F Read th e text , the n writ e a questio n fo r each answer.
Hi. My name's Tom and I'm 13 years old. I love computers. When I
was 6 years old, I opened my mum's computer to see how it worked.
She was very angry, because I couldn't put it back together. But I
kept all the pieces and learnt about them, and when I was 8,1 made
a new computer for my mum. It was better than the old one, so she
was very happy. Now I write computer games. I put my first game
on my website when I was 10, and my friends all loved it. They said
it was fantastic. I've written about eight games now, and they're all
really good. Last week a man from a big software company wrote to
me. He says he likes my new game, \"Ice Jungle', and he wants me
to write games for them. So next week I'm going to London for a
meeting. I'm very excited.
1 ffow M is Tom ? He's 13 years old.
2 ? Computers.
3 ? His mum's.
4 ? Yes, she was. She was very angry.
5 ?
6
7
8
9
10
Because he couldn't put it back together.
O n his website.
Abou t eight.
A man fro m a big software company.
His new one,'Ice Jungle'.
To London.
Revie w 6 8 1
33 Have and have got
Have you got a favourite crocodile?
The Samutprakan Crocodile Far m (Thailand) ha s go t over
60,000 crocodiles. The far m ha s a zoo, it' s go t a research
centre an d the shops, of course, hav e lots of crocodile
souvenirs. M r Utai ha d th e ide a of openin g th e museu m i n
1950. He ha d som e fre e tim e yesterday to answe r questions
Question: Doe s th e far m hav e any unusua l crocodiles?
M r Utai: We'v e go t the bigges t crocodile i n th e world .
Come an d see it hav e breakfas t tomorro w morning !
Question: Hav e yo u go t any plans for the future?
M r Utai: I'm goin g to hav e a crocodile T V show. Crocodiles
haven' t go t a goo d image . Hollywoo d films only sho w
crocodiles tryin g to eat people! We nee d to hav e more
information about crocodiles.
Have and have got
1 W e can say have or have got. Have is mor e common .
W e can use have got in conversation, especially in
British English.
The farm has a zoo.
It has got over 60,000 crocodiles.
Does the farm have any unusual crocodiles ?
2 In th e past and future , w e can onl y use have.
I'm going to have a crocodile TV show.
In 1950 the zoo didn't have many crocodiles.
Did the shop have any crocodile T-shirts yesterday?
3 W e can use have + noun fo r many everyday activities .
Have wit h activities can be in th e continuou s form .
He didn't have much free time yesterday.
The crocodile is having breakfast.
You can have:
an accident / a break / a rest / a sleep / a cold
tea I coffee; breakfast / lunch / dinner; a sandwich
a chat I a discussion / a talk
fun I a good time / a nice day / a holiday
a shower / a bath / a swim / a run / a walk
4 W e do no t use have got in th e futur e or past. W e use
have instead.
/ had a dog but it died. NO T / had got a dog...
5 Mak e questions and negatives wit h have using th e
auxiliary verb do.
Do you have a pen? She doesn't have it.
82
Underlin e th e correc t
O option : M r Uta i eats/
likes/sells crocodiles .
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statement / negative X
1 / You /We / have do not (don't) have
They
He/She/I t has does not (doesn't) have
question ? short answer/ X
D o 1 / you / we / they have...?
Yes, (1) do.
No, (1) don't.
Does he / she / it have...? Yes, (he) does.
No, (he) doesn't.
Mak e negative form s of have got wit h not. Mak e |questions wit h Have / Has + subject + got...? jstatement / negative X
1 / You / W e / have (Ve) go t have no t (haven't) got
They
He / She / It has fs) go t has not (hasn't) got
question ? short answer / X
Have 1 / you / we / they got...?
Yes, (1) have. jNo, (1) haven't. IHas he /sh e / it got...? Yes, (he) has. ?No, (he) hasn't. j
Practice
A What do these people have? Use th e informatio n t o make at least eight
sentences wit h an appropriat e pronou n and have, and writ e the m in
your notebook. Some sentences are negative.
4 4
Me / X
Me and my brother X
Sarah / X
Brian X
Tom and Lucy X X
Examples: I futve a aq<j. (Oe aWt have a sister.
A crocodile keeper is talkin g abou t his work . Underlin e th e correc t
option. Sometimes bot h option s are possible.
I
lhave/have got a great jo b but it's very hard! The crocodiles 2
have/
have got breakfast at 6 o'clock and some ^have/have got special diets.
After breakfast, we 4have/have got a walk around the farm. Man y
visitors ask me , ' 5Do crocodiles have/Have crocodiles got fun in the
farm?' I always answer,'Of course!' They
bhave/have got a great tim e in
the shows and we 7 have/hav e got lots o f nice visitors. Last year I 8had
/hadgot a holiday in England and I wen t t o London Zoo. The zoo 9had
/hadgot a lot o f crocodiles but they
wdidn't have/hadn't got a special
crocodile research centre.
lxDoyou have/ Have you got any questions?'
C Complete th e sentences wit h th e present or past of have or have
got to make the m true . Some sentences are negative.
1 Bill Gates tent Uve / rvasft't^Ct a university degree.
2 The Fnglish alphabet 26 letters.
3 Princess Diana a daughter.
4 Penguins wings.
5 Water vitamins.
6 The Romans a big empire .
7 Cats nine lives.
8 A beach volleyball team tw o players.
D Writ e sentences wit h have (got) in
t h e present, past or future . Some are
negatives o r questions .
1 I (vave a dog; it's very nice.
2 We (vaven't^Ct an uncle but we've
got an auntie.
3 Oii (jfiu. Uve a cold last week?
4 She green hair. It looks
strange!
5 Al l my friends mobile
phones but I don't.
6 James couldn't run because he
a broken leg.
7 France a King or Queen
now.
8 I want to a holiday in
Thailand.
9 Sharon
your new phone number?
10 We a chat about it last
night.
1 1 Are you going t o a swim?
1 2 W e time t o
coffee because we
were late.
13 A: your new house
a garden?
B: Yes, it
In you r notebook , writ e at least six
questions , using have and have got, tha t
y o u woul d like t o ask a famou s person.
Example: ffave j5u^6 t a by dcusef
__________________ _
Circle the correct option .
1 How many teeth ? a has a crocodile b has a crocodile got c a crocodile has got
2 When he was a child, he a baby crocodile as a pet. a had b has got c had got
3 A: Have crocodiles got cold blood? B: Yes, they a do b have got c have
4 They fish for breakfast. a usually have b usually have got c have usually got
5 a nice time at the farm? a Have you got b Are you having got c Are you having
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Have an d have got 83
Make, do and get
Do you get angry?
Read our questionnaire and answer the
questions.
a You get a text message from a friend.
Do you reply immediately?
^TTI j iB3 _ j ii^fl'^j
Your friend has made a cake, but it
tastes horrible. Do you tell him or her?
(E!3 ^ ^BMt > d^fl^j
c Your best friend has done something
really stupid, and tells you about it. Do
you tell your other friends?
, ft-§j MSBj GEEBj
d You helped your friend do her homework, and she gets a good mark. Do
you tell the teacher?
I23_v
e Your friend uses your phone and makes
a lot of calls. Do you get angry?
(K_3_> (EBB^ iBEs b
f Do you always get your friends a
present on their birthdays?
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Wha t d o yo u think ? Ar e yo u a goo d friend?
Make, do and get
1 Use make t o tal k abou t producin g something .
make a cup of coffee, make a cake, make a meat
Whe n w e say wh o w e are makin g it for, w e can say:
/ made my dad a cake. OR / made a cake for my dad.
She makes them lunch. OR She makes lunch for them.
• See Unit 37 for more verbs with two objects.
2 Use do t o tal k abou t wor k and activities (which ofte n
end in -ing). You can do:
an exam the shopping
exercise the washing
(your) homework the washing-up
3 Make and do are used in a numbe r o f expressions.
You can make:
the bed
a decision
friends
You can do:
your best
a mistake
money
a noise
nothing
a plan sure
a phone call a promise
well j badly
Get can have differen t meanings. Use get + object to
mean 'receive' or 'obtain'. You can get:
a bad / good mark
a letter
some milk from the shops (= buy)
a present
a text message
Use get + adjective t o mean 'become'.
angry cold late
better dark older
bigger
W e can use get in othe r expressions. You can get:
on I off [a bus) ArarraA
up
back(= return)
a bus I train (= travel on) married
dressed
to(= arrive)
lost
W e say get to school bu t get home (withou t to).
84
Practice
A Write each wor d / phrase fro m th e box under th e correc t verb.
breakfast a dress an exam exercise homework
a job a paper plane a salad the shopping the washing
/
do make
breakfast
B Match the sentence beginnings t o th e mos t appropriat e endings .
I How to be a good friend ...
1 Text messages are fun but it's better t o make — a
[ 2 Don't be jealous if a friend makes new ^- b
[ 3 Be happy when a friend does c
4 And listen t o her when she has done d
5 Talk to your friends before you make an important e
6 Say sorry if you make a f
7 Nobody is perfect-jus t do g
8 It's more important t o make friends than make h
IC Complete th e sentences using a for m o f get and word s
I from the box.
friends,
a phone cal
mistake,
your best,
well,
money,
badly,
decision.
angry a really bad mark better dressed
late lost married some milk older
any text messages up
1 I'm going t o stay home and study tonight.
I je t a realty bad mart j n m y Maths exam.
2 My friend has been in hospital but she is
slowly
3 It's OK t o if you talk about
it later.
4 It's We should go home.
5 My mobile phone isn't working. I don't like it
when I don't
6 My brother is in f-ebruary.
Lots o f people are coming t o the wedding.
7 You wil l probably need t o wear glasses when you
8 Could you me
fro m the shop, please?
9 I didn't take a map and I soon
10 I late this morning. I
and had breakfast in ten
minutes!
Mak e up th e questions fo r a questionnaire
and writ e the m in you r notebook . Use th e
option s in brackets and do, make and get.
1 Your mu m is feeling very tired, (a cup o f
coffee or a sandwich?)
OflJBfc mlu ker a cap of coffee or mate der
a saniwickr
2 You're hungry but the fridge is empty, (a
pizza or the shopping?)
3 It's a sunny Sunday in the summer, (up
early or up late?)
4 Your younger brother is really hungry but
your mu m and dad are not at home.
(a snack or some lunch?)
5 You are late for school, (the bus or t o
school late?)
6 It's the summer holidays soon but you
don't have any money.
(a jo b or nothing?)
N o w answer th e questions .
I Circle th e correct option .
I 1
I 4
I
1
It's my best friend's birthday, so I'm going t o
a make a card her b make a card t o her
c make her a card
Whe n you meet new people, is it easy t o
friends wit h them?
a make b do c get
M y friend doesn't always get good grades, but he
always his best,
a does b makes c gets
I'm sorry I'm late. I lost, and I couldn't find the
cafe.
a made b did c got
O u r plane was late, and we at midnight. It was
terrible.
a got t o home b made home c got home
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Make, do and get 85
Prepositional verbs
Think about it!
Loo k a t a men u in a
restaurant in the United
States and you'll find French
fries. But don't as k fo r
French fries whe n you go to
France. The French call the m
pommes frites which means
'fried potatoes'.
Do you worr y abou t too
much salt in your diet?
Then listen t o this-yo u
need a little salt. Your
body depend s o n salt for
healthy blood pressure.
Thin k abou t it! Salmon belong s t o a
group offish which have Omega-3.
Omega-3 helps you think !
W h y is salt goo d fo r you ?
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Prepositional verbs
1 Prepositional verbs have tw o words . The tw o word s are:
verb + preposition .
Think about it!
Don't ask for French fries.
I'm listening to some music.
Othe r verbs include:
(dis)agree with depend on learn about suffer from
believe in
belong to
come across
consist of
get off
get on
go with
laugh at
look after
look at
look for
pay for
talk about
wait for
worry about
86
Sometime s th e meanin g o f th e verb + preposition is
ver y differen t fro m th e meanin g o f th e verb on its own.
/ didn't get many birthday presents.
Get off the bus at the next stop.
Some verbs can be followe d by a differen t preposition
t o give a differen t meaning .
Look at the menu.
I'm looking for my glasses - have you seen them?
We looked after my neighbour's dog last weekend.
Question s whic h begin wit h a Wh- wor d and use
prepositiona l verbs ofte n finish wit h th e preposition.
What are you looking at?
See Units 26 and 27 for more information on forming
questions.
Practice
[A Complete these foo d facts wit h th e correc t
form of the verbs in th e box.
come across consist o f depend on
go with look after suffer fro m
1 Rosemary is the perfect herb t o
wltd all kinds o f meat.
2 Pineapples came t o Europe in
1493 when Christopher Columbus
the m in the
Caribbean.
3 An apple floats in water because it
I 25% air.
4 your body - eat at
least five portions o f frui t or vegetables
every day.
5 Aloto f people in my famil y
high blood pressure.
6 Half of the world's population
rice in their diets.
| B Underline th e correc t option .
1 The politician agreed with/on everything
the journalist said.
I 2 I want to go skiing this weekend, but it
depends on/of the weather.
3 I'll ask for/to some help.
4 My parents are always worrying in/about
something.
5 I was looking for/after my keys when he
came in.
6 I'm not waiting to/for Flavia. She's always
late.
7 I was just thinking about/on you.
8 He suffers from/of a lot o f headaches.
9 That dog belongs to/in the waiter.
10 In this morning's History class we learnt
about/of The Cold War.
C Complet e th e sentences wit h th e correct verbs fro m th e box.
believe come depend ge t get go look look
1 W e don't jet of f here. It's the next station.
2 Do you in ghosts?
3 Nurses have t o after some difficult people.
4 on the train! It's leaving!
5 at this photo in the paper.
6 That shirt doesn't wit h your trousers.
7 I've just across some old photos at the back o f
the cupboard.
8 Julia visits my grandparents every day. They really
on her.
Writ e appropriat e questions fo r thes e replies. Use th e verbs
fro m th e box in th e correc t tense.
agree wit h belong t o laugh at listen t o look at pay for
talk about think about
1 A
2 A
3 A
4 A
B:
5 A
6 A
B:
7 A
B:
8 A
N o w
least
lOkat are jc a tdmkuuj about? B: Nothin g much. I'm jus t really tired.
lOkfi agrees wttUoe f B: Me . W e always like the same films.
B: M y new CD.
Colin jus t tol d me a really funny joke.
B: That jacket in the window.
O h , everything - their friends, their families, their jobs.
M e . I forgot t o take it home last night.
B: M y brother. He's got lots o f money!
•Si.:-Circle the correct option .
1 I'm looking the salt, but I can't find it. Have you seen it? a at batte r c for
2 A: What ? B: You. W e didn't wan t t o start eating withou t you.
a are you waiting for b you are waiting fo r c fo r are you waitin g
3 A: Who does this'Food Facts'book ? B: It's Alan's. a depend on b consist o f c belong t o
4 I don't in diets. I think they're a waste o f tim e and money. a believe b agree c worr y
5 Sorry-I've forgotte n my money. Could you ? a fo r me pay b me pay for c pay fo r me
L _ — ________________ _ ____ _ — — — — — — — J
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IPrepositiona l verbs 8 7
Phrasal verbs
A friend to tidy up your room
eed a friend to welcome you home wash ..n an ^ «,*
never tell you off or need to lie down? ^ \" P y °
U r room ? An c
Sadly for you, that's still just a dream
But things could get better with
Honda's Asimo is th e most advanc
robot in th e world . One day Asimo
people or wor k in places which are dangero
for humans.
But it's not all good...
You need t o charge up Asimo after only one houEach Asimo robot costs nearly $ 1 million t o makeSome phrasal verbs whic h w e ofte n use withou t an objec t are:
break down get up run away wake up
find out hurry up sit down wash up
get back lie down stand up
Some phrasal verbs whic h w e commonl y use wit h an objec t are:
charge up put on throw away turn off I on
look up take back tidy up
pick up tell off turn down
There are some verbs w e can use in bot h ways, e.g. give up, take
off, turn up.
He's given up smoking.
Never give up!
Sometimes th e verb has a differen t meanin g in each case.
The plane has just taken off. (no object = leave the airport)
Take off your shoes, please, (with object = remove)
They turned up late, (no object = arrive)
Can you turn the music up?(with object = make louder)
If th e phrasal verb takes an object, it can
usually go before or after th e adverb particle. Asimo can turn lights on.
Asimo can turn on lights.
But th e objec t always comes before th e
adverb particle i f it is a personal pronoun.
Asimo can turn them on.
N O T Asimo can turn on them.
W e ofte n use prepositional and phrasal
verbs in informa l speech and writin g
and one-wor d verbs in mor e forma l
contexts . For example, We returned
in the evening is mor e forma l tha n We
got back in the evening.
Some verbs mean th e same i f the y are
used as one-wor d verbs, but the n they
sound mor e formal , e.g wake = wake
up, tidy = tidy up, lie = lie down,
sit = sit down.
88
• See Unit 35 for more information on
prepositional verbs.
Practice
A Complete th e tex t using th e phrasal verbs fro m th e box
in the correct tense.
breakdown find out get back lie dow n
hurry up run away take of f wake up
I hadn't seen Jason fo r six weeks. He 1 ran awaij
after the fight wit h his brother. I got a postcard fro m
New York and that was all I knew. Wher e was he? Was he
OK? I had t o 2 O n the last night in
November 1 3
late. I
4
on the sofa and fel l asleep right
there. When I finally 5
, it was 10
o'clock the next morning. For a momen t I couldn't think
what day it was. And then I remembered - it was Sunday
and today I was going t o find Jason.
6
' Jack,' I said t o myself. Th e plane
mustn't 7
withou t you.'
It was icy cold outside. I threw my bags in the car and
started the engine. The car jumpe d forwar d and stopped. I
couldn't believe it. This was not a good tim e fo r the car t o
B Rewrite each phrasal verb sentence using an
appropriate noun objec t instead o f th e pronoun .
Rewrite each sentence in tw o differen t ways .
1 My mum says I can't go out unti l I have tidied it up.
Mij mum sous I can't do out until I nave tiiiti nttj room,
up/ until! nave tidied up nw room..
2 Take them off! The sun isn't shining in the house.
3 The beach is really dirty. People should pick it up when
they go home.
4 It's too dark in here. Turn the m on!
5 I can't ring Louie. I need t o charge it up first.
6 Let's have a party! Turn it up!
7 They were writin g on the wall. The policeman tol d
them off.
8 When you sit in a car, you need t o put it on.
9 You can't leave. I've locked the door and throw n it away.
C Complet e th e dialogues using th e verbs in th e box and
appropriat e adverb particles. Use th e structure: verb +
pronou n + adverb particle.
give look put ta+se tel l thro w tur n turn
1 A
B
2 A
B
3 A
B
4 A
D
5
D
A
B
6 A
B
7 A
B
8 A
B
I bought these shoes but they're to o smal
Tab tnem back!
Wha t do you think o f this hat?
It's great! Wh y don't you
I don't know wha t this wor d means.
The music is to o loud.
W h y don't you
The little girl was really rude t o me!
W h y didn't you
We've had these biscuits for weeks.
The TV is boring.
W h y don't you
I don't enjoy learning t o play the piano.
W h y don't you
MV TURN!
Wha t activities woul d you like a robo t t o do fo r you?
Writ e at least five sentences in you r noteboo k using
verbs fro m page 88.
Example: la' lib it to tidxj up nuj bedroom.
QD3H
Circle th e correc t option .
1 I always leave my dirt y clothes on the floor. Asimo
and washes them .
a picks the m up b the m picks up c picks up them
2 Asimo can clean your shoes, but you have t o
the m of f first.
a turn b take c tel l
3 This robot is broken, so I'm going t o take t o
the shop.
a it back b back it c back
4 Asimo my T-shirt. He though t it was
rubbish!
a ran away b broke dow n c thre w away
5 Asimo always after a meal.
a looks up b picks up c washes up
35 of e£ qz E T :SJ9MSUB j;s9 i Aw
Phrasal verbs 89
37 Verbs with two objects
Tell your friends the truth.
AK£ YOU A$$£KT(Ve?
Answe r th e questionnair e t o fin d out .
Y o u lend you r frien d €80 ,
b u t sh e doesn' t giv e i t back .
Do yo u ...
a as k fo r th e mone y back ?
b neve r lend money t o he r
again ?
forge t abou t it ?
You r uncl e give s you a book
f o r you r birthday . Yo u
alread y hav e it . 6 0 yo u ...
a tel l hi m th e truth ?
b tak e i t an d giv e i t away ?
s a y than k yo u an d
kee p it ?
A classmat e sell s you r youn g siste r
h i s bike . I t doesn' t work . D o yo u ...
a as k fo r you r mone y back ?
b as k fo r a littl e mone y back ?
c bu y you r siste r a ne w bike ?
4 A frien d send s an emai l t o
som e classmates . Yo u se e it .
Ther e is som e informatio n
abou t yo u whic h is no t true .
D o yo u ...
a mak e sur e you r frien d tell s
you r classmate s th e truth ?
b sen d an emai l t o you r
classmates ?
c no t go t o schoo l fo r a week ?
Mostl y a answers :
you're very
assertive. No one
worries you.
Mostl y b answers :
you're a diplomat,
but is tha t always
the best thing?
Mostl y c answers :
life is not easy fo r
you. How can you
change this?
Wha t d o yo u think ? Ar e yo u assertive?
Verbs with two objects
1 Some verbs have tw o objects. Examples include bring,
buy, get, give, lend, make, offer, read, sell, send, show,
tell, throw.
subject verb direct object to indirect object
You lend €80 t o your friend.
She sends an emai l t o some classmates.
2 W e can also pu t th e indirec t objec t first and tak e ou t to.
verb indirect object + direct object.
You lend your friend
N O T You lend to your friend €80.
€80.
Wit h th e verb tell, w e prefer t o say:
/ told him the truth. NO T / told the truth to him.
3 Use for not to wit h buy, get and make.
She bought lunch for me.
She got some milk for him.
We made a cake for our parents.
Again , w e can pu t th e indirec t objec t first.
She bought me lunch. NO T She bought for me lunch.
She got him some milk.
We made our parents a cake.
90
A Rewrite the questions withou t to or for.
| 1 Your friend has a new haircut. It doesn't look good. Do you
tell the truth t o your friend?
DejCiitettjCW friend tke tra d ?
i 2 You were playing wit h your sister's phone and now it's not
working. Do you get a new phone for your sister?
?
3 Your cousin wants t o go ou t on Saturday night. You don't
want to go. Do you phone or send a tex t message t o him?
?
4 An old woman gets on the bus. There are no seats. Do you
offer your seat t o the old woman?
?
5 Your mum is not feeling wel l and doesn't want t o make
lunch. Do you make lunch for your family?
?
; 6 Your Maths teacher talks very fast and you don't
understand the lessons.
Do you tel l the problem t o her?
I 7 You want t o learn t o drive, but you have no money. Does
your dad give driving lessons t o you?
What are the people doing? Use th e word s in brackets and
make sentences similar t o th e example.
1
tie is sk&otM tke
teenager / her tke CDs.
(show the CDs) (lend hisjacket)
(make a cake) (give some flowers)
C In you r notebook , writ e at least six different
sentences using these words .
Example: Tke woman jave me a cap of tea.
OUJI2Q-. Wha t can yo u do fo r these people? In your
notebook , writ e suggestions using th e verbs in
brackets.
1 It's your mum's birthday, (buy)
Saij ker a present, / Sat) a present for ner.
2 Your little cousins are bored, (read)
3 A poor man needs help, (give)
4 Your little brother is hungry, (make)
5 I'm thirsty, (bring)
6 A friend doesn't know th e answer t o 12 x 12. (tel
7 A friend needs t o make a phone call, (lend)
Circle th e correc t option .
1 Do you remember? I lent last week.
a €80 you b t o you €8 0 c you €80
2 Wh y did you tel l ?
a her my secret b t o her my secret
c my secret her
3 I think you've got my phone in your bag. Can you
show .please?
a me t o it b it for me c it t o me
4 I've these earrings for you. Do you like
them?
a made b given c lent
5 Whe n you go t o the shop, you can buy
a t o me a present b for me a present
c me a present
(throw the frisbee) (buy some balloons)
Verb s wit h tw o object s 9 1
-38 Verb + -ing or verb + to-infinitive;
like and would like
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If you decide to try Super Lingo! then
telephone 095 973 2593 or send an email to
[email protected]. We promise to give
your money back if you're not happy.
W e hop e t o hea r fro m yo u soon !
O Underlin e th e correc t option : Supe r Lingo ! is a dictionary / a study programme / a language school. rb + -ing or verb + to-infinitive;
e and would like
Some verbs, e.g. enjoy, tak e anothe r verb wit h -ing.
I enjoy learning English.
I finished talking.
2 Some verbs, e.g. want, tak e anothe r verb wit h toinfinitive.
/ want to learn English.
I decided to try the course.
3 Some can tak e eithe r -ing or to-infinitive.
/ like helping people.
OR / like to help people.
Onl y -ing
avoid
enjoy
finish
mind
suggest
Onl y to-infinitive
decide plan
hope promise
intend refuse
learn wait
need want
offer
-ing or to-infinitive
begin
continue
hate
like
love
prefer
start
Very much is an adverb, so it cannot go betwee n
t h e verb and th e object.
/ like playing tennis very much.
N O T / like very much playing tennis.
• See Unit 56 for more information on the word order of adverbWhe n yo u learn a ne w verb, learn wha t comes
afte r it.
decide /di'said/
• verb 1 © [I OR T] to choose something, especially after thinking
carefully about several possibilities: They have to decide by next
Friday. O / don't mind which one we have-you decide.
O [+ to INFINITIVE] In the end, we decided to go to the theatre.
Would like (short form : 'd like) is one way o f saying want or might want. The negative is would not (short form :
wouldn't). Use Would you like + to-infinitive for a polite invitation.
/ would like to learn Greek one day.
You wouldn't like to be in a strange town without any mWould you like to come to the cinema with me?
92
ractice
Complete th e sentences using th e verbs in brackets in
the -ing or to-infinitive form .
1 Do you promise to\" tidy your roo m this weekend
(tidy)?
2 I've always wanted a dog (have).
3 Would you mind the window,
please (open)? It's to o hot here.
4 Dogs don't enjoy at home all day (be).
5 Philip refused t o my advice (listen).
6 Did the hotel offer your room (change)?
7 Children love t o the circus (go).
8 We don't need an umbrella wit h us (take).
9 You should avoid to o many sweet things (eat).
10 The workers finished the house (paint).
Rewrite these sentences using th e correc t form s o f like
and would like.
1 Do you want a banana?
fcfotfUjMt. tike a ba.tuw.aj
2 I enjoy playing tennis.
3 My dream is t o be a chef.
4 Do you want t o see my paintings?
5 Going t o the theatre is interesting fo r us.
6 Can I get you a drink?
C Underline th e correct option .
[ Most teenagers like 1spend/spending tim e in fron t
I of the TV, but is this a good thing? Is TV just a way o f
I avoiding 2to do/doing something more useful? Some
people think that most TV programmes are not right
for teenagers. Teenagers need 3 t o have/having better
programmes,' agrees TV producer Erica Johnson. 'Ou r
TV company promises
4 r o make/making educational
programmes which teenagers wil l enjoy
5to watch/
watching.' Erica suggests
6to create/creating a special
channel for teenagers. Teenagers want 7
t o be/being
different, so a different channel is a good idea. TV is a
great way o f learning. Teenagers can learn 8to understand
/understanding the worl d through television.' Wha t do
teenagers think? Emily, 13, said,'It's a bad idea. We have
enough channels already. I wouldn't like 9to see/seeing
one more.' Erica said,'We are planning wto show/showing
the first programme on this new channel next spring.'
D Complet e th e emai l wit h th e verbs fro m th e box. The
verbs should be -ing or to-infinitive forms .
buy complain get hear learn listen spend
study teach writ e
I want 1
^0 COmpUtn about Super Lingo. My wife and I
decided 2 Super Lingo because we needed
3
Arabic very quickly for a business trip. You
promised 4 us Arabic in two weeks. We started
5
a month ago and finished
6
to all the CDs last week. And now? We know
nothing! Super Lingo is useless! The course was very difficult and boring.
We certainly didn't enjoy
7 hours translating
poems from Arabic into English.
I was very angry, so my wife suggested this
email to you. Please give us back our money immediately; we'd like
it this week. We hope
1 0
from you soon.
Jane & Peter Stevens
^ h i ^ouMiot^ ^ tru e sentences
abou t yoursel f using th e verbs on page 92.
Examples: (want to be a doctor,
My ancle tides skiing very mack.
J^^M^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^afi^^^^^^^^^^^^^^m^m^^^^^ • •••••••••••• • • • IttMMKIIMIIHIII I
Circle the correct option .
1 If you want t o learn a language, you need for years and years. a study b studying c t o study
2 I've t o learn Russian. a finished b decided c enjoyed
3 I studying every day. a don't mind b don't wan t c don't need
4 The Super Lingo! system didn't work, but they refused me my money back. a t o give b t o gave c giving
5 like t o buy my Super Lingo! system? a Do you woul d b You woul d c Woul d you
• ••• • i • •••• »
3S B1? e £ °il 3T :S J3MSUE ilS9j_A\\A/
Ver b + -ing o r ver b + to-infinitive ; like an d would like 93
39 State verbs
Imagine a story.
D o yo u kno w that you r brai n is actually divide d int o tw o
halves ?
Scientists today believe tha t the tw o halves o f
you r brai n have different functions . Whe n yo u
remembe r things like words , number s o r lists, yo u » LEFT
are exercising the left side o f you r brain . Whe n yo u : word s
see colours, hear the rhyth m i n you r favourite \\
song or imagin e a story, yo u are using the righ t
side o f you r brain .
Whe n yo u are using onl y one side o f you r brain , it is
similar t o walkin g o n onl y one leg. It seems learnin g is
easier whe n yo u use bot h sides o f you r brain .
numbers
lists
RIGHT
colours
rhythm
imagination!
True o r False? Th e lef t an d righ t sides o f th e brain are th e same.
State verbs
1 State verbs usually describe a state and no t an action. W e usually
use the m in th e simple form , no t th e continuous .
When you see colours... NO T When you are seeing...
verbs o f
possession
belong
own
Othe r state verbs include:
verbs o f thinkin g verbs o f verbs o f
and knowin g t h e senses feelin g
forget feel believe
imagine hear doubt
know see feel
mean smell hate
realise sound like
recognise taste love
remember prefer
understand want
othe r
appear agree contain depend
be promise fit need
seem include
as)E-j :JSMSUV
Some commo n state verbs can have a
continuous for m wit h a different meaning.
He has two brothers, (state verb = own /
possess)
He is having a good holiday, (activity)
That cake looks nice, (state verb = seem)
I'm looking at these photos, (activity)
/ think it's a great idea, (state verb = have the |
opinion)
I'm thinking about tomorrow, (activity)
W e ofte n use th e verbs o f sense (see,
smell, hear, taste) wit h can.
I can smell coffee.
He can't hear you.
• See Unit 20 for more information on can.
• See Unit 28 for more information on verbs of
the senses.
94
Practice
A Match the beginnings t o th e correct endings
[ 1 Humans have——
I 2 The brain is
! 3 The left and right sides o f the brain have
4 Scientists think
I 5 The brain needs
| 6 With the right side o f the brain, you see
I 7 With the left side o f the brain, you recognise
B Underline th e correct option .
the brain has tw o halves,
colours.
oxygen t o survive.
7 5 % water,
words and numbers,
different ways o f working,
a very complex brain.
1 I promise/am promising I won' t tel l anyone.
2 I don't know this word . Wha t does it mean/is it meaning?
3 I saw your daughter yesterday. She's growing/grows up fast.
4 I disagree/am disagreeing completely wit h wha t you are saying.
I 5 Don't talk t o Dad. He watches/is watching TV!
6 My parents don't understand/are not understanding wh y I
want to stop piano lessons.
I 7 Doyou remember/Areyou remembering that day we spent in Capri?
8 Do computers become/Are computers becoming more difficult
to use?
9 It seems /It's seeming a shame not t o go.
110 I don't doubt/am not doubting that you are right.
I I Are you OK? You don't listen/are not listening t o me.
112 He believes/is believing everything she says.
Do these sentences describe states or activities? Complet e th e
sentences wit h th e correct form s o f th e verbs in brackets.
1 We ttont dave very much money, (have)
2 A: Hi, Stan. You look worried!
B: I about tomorrow' s meeting - that's all. (think)
3 Where is Carlo? He a shower, (have)
4 That food great, (look)
5 They a baby. He is six months old. (have)
6 My dad the party is a good idea, (not think)
7 What you at? (look)
/ Use your imagination t o answer th e questions
wit h ful l sentences in your notebook . Use
your ow n ideas or word s fro m th e box.
alone birds bitter dry sand excited
flowers frightened hard the horizon
insects nothing smooth soft
sweet the win d
You are in the PffffH.
J-_-H-__N
1 Ho w do you feel?
2 Wha t can you smell?
3 Wha t can you hear?
[ (eel ejcctted.
You pick an exotic fruit.
4 Wha t does it feel like?
5 Ho w does it taste?
You are in the
6 Wha t can you smell?
7 Wha t can you hear?
8 Wha t can you see?
9 Ho w do you feel?
___________ _ — . ____________ _
Circle the correct option .
1 This song really beautiful. Wh o is the singer? a is sounding b sounding c sounds
2 A: You're using the wron g side o f your brain. B: Sorry.
a I don't understand b I'm not understand c I'm not understanding
3 A: You're very quiet, Tom. B:Yes,sorry. about my holiday. a I think b I 'mthinkin g c I'mthink
4 It's very noisy here, and you. a I'm not hearing b I don't hear c I can't hear
5 You're very good wit h colours and stories. you're probably using the right side o f your brain,
a That's mean b That means c That's meaning
• • • •
IS JV K eZ JT :SJ3MSUE iisax Ayv
Stat e verbs 95
A Matc h th e sentence beginnings t o th e correc t endings .
1 He used t o play the violin but he had t o give
2 Please turn the music
3 Please pick
4 1 asked my mu m
5 M y teacher tol d me
6 She never stops talking
7 M y phone was broken,
8 1 wake
9 The plane too k
10 1 lent him
11 1 phoned the theatre t o find
12 1 have t o tidy up
1 1 2 3 4 5 6
B Mak e ful l sentences fro m th e words .
1 I / love / listen / music.
I love listening to music.
2 Yesterday / David / suggest / go bowling tonight.
3 M y mu m / decide / thro w away / my old trainers /
yesterday.
4 We / wan t / make / a birthday card / Sharon.
5 Last night / I /finis h / study / 10 pm.
6 I / not mind/wait/you .
7 She / promise/take/me/cinem a
8 Last week / Duncan / offer / buy / me / a ticket.
9 I/need/speak/Jo / now.
a my pen, but he didn't give it back.
b of f because I didn't do my homework.
c of f at 7 pm, three hours late.
d up at 6 every morning, I hate it!
e so I too k it back.
f ou t wha t tim e the show starts.
g my room before I go out.
h down , I'm trying t o concentrate.
i up your clothes fro m the floor.
j about her daughter.
k fo r some money, but she said'No'.
I it up when he broke his arm.
8 9 10 11 12
C Mak e questions fro m th e sentences using th e words in
brackets.
1 Your sister woul d like ? for her birthday. (What... ?)
(Okat wouU^our sister UU (or der birtkaayf
2 Steven has ? brothers. (How many... ?)
3 I'm worried about ? (What... ?)
4 This guitar belongs t o ? (Wh o ... ?)
5 We've got a ? house. (What kind of... ?)
6 The plane too k off at ? (What time ... ?)
7 This wor d means ? (What... ?)
8 Pauline woul d like t o go ? (Where... ?)
9 This sandwich tastes ? (What... like?)
10 They were waiting for ? (Who... ?)
10 Alison/refuse/pay/he r dinner.
96
D Complete th e tex t using th e word s in th e box.
bought getting getting go t got had laughed looked made
make offered planned prefer sat turned wai t wante d
Yesterday 1 1
JSfe really angry wit h Wendy. W e •
to meet at 3 pm at the shopping centre. 1 3
t o buy some new shoes, and Wend y
4
t o help me choose. I always 5
shopping wit h a friend,
because I can never 6
a decision. Last tim e I wen t shopping alone I
7
a mistake and bought a very ugly hat, and all my friends 8
at me.
I started9
worried about her when she still wasn't there at 5 pm. It was 1 0
dark, but I couldn't phone her because her phone was broken. Whe n she 1 1
up she
1 2
terrible. She 1 3
dow n and explained.'Sorry I'm late. I
on the wron g bus. Then the bus 1 5
an accident and I had
f o r the police. It was terrible.'So 1 1 7
her a coffee and 16 to
she told me the whole story.
E Complete th e advert. Use one wor d in each gap.
Do you love dancing? Do you want to
get some exercise? Would you like to
learn something new? Do you want to
make friends? Do you enjoy listening
1
to. Latin American music?
Then come 2
our Salsa
Club!
Do you think you can't dance? Do you
think people will laugh 3
you? Don't worry
4 that! You
don't have to be a good dancer - just
come and have fun. We can help you
to be a great dancer, but it depends
5
YOU ! Just do your best
and you'll do well. The course consists
6
20 lessons, so you have
lots of time to get better and better.
So what are you waiting 7 ?
Put 8
your dancing shoes
and come to Salsa Club!
Cross ou t al l th e wron g options .
1 She bed-/is having/is-get a good time at the
moment.
2 W e had got/is having/had an accident on the
way home last night.
3 Wha t tim e did you get by/from/to work?
4 He's looking up/after/like his baby brother
while his parents are at work.
5 W e looked after/up/at the long wor d in a
dictionary.
6 She is look/is looking/looks like her
grandmother.
7 Did you look at/ for/after your keys in the
kitchen?
8 Yd like/liking/liked t o go out for dinner tonight.
9 They like to /are liking/like swimming in the
lake.
10 Think of/Think about/Think coming wit h us
tomorrow .
11 Whe n did your visitors finally turn over/up/
down last night?
12 The music was to o quiet so I turned it down/
turned up it / turned it up.
Revie w 7 97
40 Countable and uncountable nouns
Where does sand come from?
G
rains of sand are really very small
pieces of rock. It takes a long time to
change rock into sand. On beaches, waves
hit the rock and break it up. The salt in
the sea water also attacks the rocks.
Rain, ice and wind are important too.
The sand on the beach can be many
different colours. Tropical white sand
usually comes from white limestone ^
rock. Red sand means there is iron
in the rocks. Sand from volcanic •
rock can be black or even green.
m™™
waves
sand
Nam e thre e thing s tha t brea k u p roc k an d mak e sand.
PU|M '9D| 'UjEJ 'B9S Uj }|BS 'S8ABM :SJ9MSUV
Countable and uncountable nouns
1 Countabl e nouns are nouns w e can count. They have singular and
plural forms . Use th e articles a o r an befor e a singular noun .
a beach, an apple, a wave
Use words like some, many, twenty or nothin g before a plural noun.
some beaches, many rocks, two apples, waves
2 Uncountabl e nouns ofte n refer t o liquids, materials , general
concepts and abstrac t qualities . Uncountabl e nouns are singular -
the y don' t usually have plural forms .
The homework is easy. NO T The homcworks arc easy.
Don' t use a or an befor e uncountabl e nouns; use word s like some,
any, no or no article.
some sand, no rain, furniture, time
• See Unit 45 for more information on some, any and no.
• See Unit 47 for more information on many.
3 Some nouns can be bot h countable and
uncountabl e wit h a difference in meaning.
rock (uncountable = the material)
a rock (countable = a piece o f rock)
coffee (uncountable = the substance)
a coffee (countable = a cup o f coffee)
ff^ hair (uncountable)
a hair (countable = one hair)
Some nouns which are uncountable in English may be countable
in your ow n language. In English, these nouns are uncountable:
accommodation furniture knowledge music traffic
advice homework, luggage news transport
fruit information money pasta
Can I have some information ? NO T Can I have some informations ?
4 Uncountabl e nouns can be countable i f we
use expressions such as:
a piece of advice / fruit / information / news
a slice of bread / toast / cheese
a bar of chocolate
a cup of coffee / tea
a grain of sand
a glass of water
98
Practice
A Which o f these word s can be used in th e plural?
accommodation bag beach bread car cotton
cup furniture happiness jo b luggage melon
piece room table traffic wave wor k
can be used in th e plural: bad,
can't be used in th e plural: accommodation,
| Complete th e tex t by writin g a, an or - (= no article).
Where does 1
— chocolate come from ?
Next time you buy
2 bar o f chocolate, think about
where it came from . Did you know tha t it is made fro m
I cocoa butter? This butter comes fro m the beans
of 4
cacao trees. They grow mainly in South
America and Africa.
Amazing Chocolate Facts
• The Aztecs thought 5
cocoa beans were very
important. They believed that the beans brought
6
wisdom.
• The Aztecs and the Maya used the beans t o make
7
hot drink.
* The word 'chocolate' comes fro m 8 wor d in the
Aztec language, xocoatl.
* The Spanish brought 9
cocoa t o Europe in th e
16t h
century. They mixed the beans wit h 1 0
sugar.
• There is 1 1
iron in cocoa.
* There are 5 mg o f caffeine in 25 g o f milk chocolate.
I n 1 2
cup o f coffee, there are about 100 mg o f
caffeine.
C Underlin e th e correc t option .
1 Did you show your homework/homeworks t o Miss
Elliot?
2 The woma n gave me some useful information/
informations.
3 Let's make some cheese sandwich/sandwiches.
4 Black sand come/comes fro m volcanic rock.
5 Can you give me some advice/advices?
6 He has long hair/hairs and dark eye/eyes.
7 Spaghetti is/are my favourite food .
8 There are a lot o f bus/buses in the city centre.
9 Goo d luck/lucks in your new job.
10 The news is /are not very good.
[HZZ
Use th e countable nouns in eithe r th e singular or plural
form .
car foo d friend good looks knowledge
love money music weekend wor k
Examples:
(Oorlc is important to me.
f) car isn't important to me,
friends are important to me,
1 important t o me.
2 I cannot live withou t
3 th e best!
4 not essential in life.
5 all you need.
6 last forever.
7 Everyone needs
8 beautiful.
Circle the correct option .
1 When I came home fro m the beach, my socks were ful l o f
a red grain o f sand b red grains o f sand c a red grain o f sand
2 I found on the beach, so I picked it up and too k it home.
a beautiful rock b a beautiful rock c some beautiful rocks
3 I didn't eat my bar o f because it fel l on the sand, a bread b chocolate c pasta
4 I always listen t o Paul when I need some good a informations b advice c knowledges
5 Could I have , please? a tw o coffees b tw o cup o f coffees c tw o coffee
• • e • • • * • <
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Countabl e an d uncountabl e noun s 99
41 Plural nouns
He ate 47 sandwiches in ten minutes.
Amazing people
R o n Hil l (England ) ha s ru n
115 marathons . H e ha s ru n
mor e tha n 290,00 0 kilometre s
- fiv e time s aroun d th e world .
Susa n Bake r (Australia )
love s th e colou r orange .
H e r hous e i s ful l o f orang e
things , everythin g fro m cup s
a n d knive s t o dresse s an d
pyjamas .
Joe y Chestnu t (USA) ca n ea t
4 7 chees e sandwiche s i n te n
minutes .
Mula i Ismai l (Empero r o f
Morocco ) ha d a lo t o f children .
Record s fo r 1703 sho w h e ha d
3 4 2 daughter s an d 52 5 sons .
Eni d Blyto n (England ) wrot e
mor e tha n 80 0 book s an d shor t
storie s fo r youn g people . Yo u
c a n rea d translation s o f he r
book s i n almos t 9 0 differen t
languages .
Matc h th e number s t o the
plura l nouns :
1 4 7 a marathons
2 9 0 b sons
3 11 5 c languages
4 52 5 d sandwiches
E
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Plural nouns
1 There are countable and uncountable nouns.
Countable nouns (e.g. chair, apple) can be in th e
plural (e.g. chairs, apples). Uncountabl e nouns (e.g.
advice, information) cannot usually be in th e plural
(advices, informations).
• See Unit 40 for more information on countable and
uncountable nouns.
In th e plural w e usually add -s.
banana -> bananas, cat -> cats, garden -* gardens
I f th e wor d ends in -s, -ch, -sh, -x, w e add -es.
dress dresses
sandwich •+ sandwiches
wish •+ wishes
box -> boxes
Man y word s ending-f(e) end in -ves in th e plural.
knife -> knives, loaf-* loaves, wife -> wives
I f th e wor d ends in consonant + -y, w e change th e
-y t o -ie.
story -> stories, city -> cities
But i f th e wor d ends in vowe l + -y, w e jus t add -s.
day days, monkey -> monkeys
Some word s ending in -o tak e -s, bu t some tak e -es.
piano -» pianos, photo -> photos,
potato -> potatoes, tomato -> tomatoes
• See page 183 for more spelling rules.
100
Some commo n nouns have special plurals.
child -* children person •+ people
fish -> fish sheep -» sheep
foot -> feet tooth -» teeth
man -* men woman -> women
mouse -> mice
Some nouns onl y have a plural form , e.g. glassesjeans, pyjamas\\
scissors, trousers. W e can use a pair of before these nouns to
mean one item , the n w e trea t it as a singular.
Susan wears orange pyjamas.
Can I have the scissors, please?
There are some I K i^j * There is a pair of
glasses on the table. fBB K glasses on the tabid
Whe n talkin g abou t thing s in general, use a plural noun
and no article.
Enid loved children.
Ron doesn't run marathons now.
• See Units 42 and 43 for more information on articles.
4 Some nouns, e.g. staf f and police, look singular but w e use
the m like plural nouns.
How many staff work in this school?
The police are here.
5 Some nouns whic h refer t o groups o f people, e.g. team, family,
company, can be singular or plural.
Her family lives / live in Verona.
Practic e
A Write the plurals.
I I a dog - <%> 2
[3 a table - 4
15 a leg - 6
[7 a tomato - 8
9 a country 10
I I I a fox - 12
• 3 a family - 1 4
a girl
a person
a beach
a bike
a sheep
a photo
a wish
Complete th e sentences using th e plurals o f th e word s
in the box.
bag bus child piano runnor sandwich toot h
wife wol f woma n
1 There are four runners in a 4 x 100 m team.
2 You'll need some t o carry the shopping.
She has tw o : a boy and a girl.
King Henry VI11 o f England had six
Humans usually have 32
We need tw o for the concert.
There are bears and in the forest.
No or trains go t o tow n on Sundays.
The decathlon is for men, the heptathlon is for
I 10 They had cheese for lunch.
|C Underline th e correct option .
1 I think snakes is/are very nice pets.
2 My house has/have mice.
3 Sheep eat/eats grass.
4 Your pyjamas is/are in the cupboard.
5 One of the students come/comes fro m Venezuela.
6 There is/are a pair o f scissors on the desk.
7 Do/Does children learn Italian in England?
8 Not many people understands /understand my jokes.
9 Jack and Jill's best friend live/lives next t o me.
10 Is/Are your jeans dirty?
D Complet e th e tex t wit h th e plural form s o f th e nouns in
brackets.
Peter Olsen fro m Aarhus in Denmark is an amazing
collector. He collects everything! Peter started his
collection wit h toy 1
cars (car) and he now
has 870 different 2
(model). They fil l
t w o 3 (room) o f his house. Then Peter
began t o collect 4
(clock) and
5
(watch). He is never late for
6
(meeting)! Peter has many
collections but his favourite is probably his smallest: he
owns 2 1 plastic Christmas 7
(tree).
Peter's tw o 8 (child) think their dad is
great. Tomas, 9 years old, says,'Not many
9
(person) understand Dad but we do.
OK, the house is ful l of 1 0
(box) and
(shelf) but we don't mind.' l i
/ D o yo u like these things? Wh y (not)? Writ e you r
answers in you r notebook , the n writ e fou r sentences
abou t othe r thing s yo u like / don' t like.
1 mouse I don't likt mice. I'm afraid of them.
2 Monda y
3 blackjeans
4 cheese sandwich
5 butterfl y
6 hip-hop music
7 orange furniture
• • • • • i • • • • i • • • • • • • * • • • • • •
V Circle the correct option .
I 1 Mulai Ismail didn't know the names o f all his a wifes and baby b wifes and babys c wives and babies
2 I'm hungry. Can you make me some ? Just 4 0 or 50, please.
a sandwiches with cheese and tomatoes b sandwichs wit h cheese and tomatoes c sandwiches wit h cheese and tomatos
3 I need t o cut this paper. Do you have ? a a pair o f scissor b a scissors c a pair o f scissors
I 4 very small teeth. a Mouse have b Mouses have c Mice have
5 While he was stealing the car, the filminghim . a policeswere b policewas c policewere
I
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Plural noun s 10 1
r42 Articles 1
Do you know the answer?
What happened?
Rome o an d Julie t ar e in a room. The y ar e
in th e middle o f th e room , on th e floor.
The y ar e dead . Nex t t o the m ther e is
som e glass . Th e glas s is broken . In th e
roo m yo u ca n als o se e a n ope n window . It
isn't a ho t da y bu t th e windo w is still open .
H o w did Rome o an d Julie t die ?
O Is ther e an answe r t o th e puzzle?
•AE ME UBJ IBD aq i wocu aq i ui auiED puE asiou aq i pjesii
U E W v ]Moq a m a>|Ojq JED ai|j. MopujM aq j LjSnojqi u| BWED JED XjSunij
V IMoq qsq ua>(Ojq B W0 4 SJ SSE|S 3i| i qsy ajE laqnf puE oawo y :J3MSUV
Articles 1
1 Articles (a, an or the) go before nouns. Sometimes ,
ther e is no article before a noun .
/ saw a cat outside.
I gave some fish to the cat.
I like cats.
2 Names o f people and places usually have no article.
Romeo and Juliet lived in Verona.
3 W e don' t use articles whe n w e are talkin g abou t things
in general wit h plural or uncountable nouns (e.g. houses,
information).
I like puzzles.
Cats drink milk.
4 W e use a or an wit h singular countabl e nouns whe n w e
are talkin g abou t onl y one person or one thing .
Juliet had a brother.
Do you want an apple?
5 Use a or an t o tal k abou t whic h jo b somebod y has.
My mum is an engineer.
Shakespeare was a writer.
6 Use a before a consonant sound (/b/, /t/ , /s/, etc.) and an
before a vowe l sound (/e/, /o/ , /u/ , etc.).
There is a room.
You can see an open window.
102
h is a consonant, so use a wit h word s whic h begin
wit h h in sound and spelling.
It isn't a hot day.
A hungry cat.
You say an hour and an honour because hour /'aus/
and honour /'ona/ start wit h vowe l sounds.
Use the before singular and plural countable nouns and
uncountabl e nouns.
The window is open.
What's the news?
Use the whe n th e speaker and listener bot h kno w what
is being talke d about.
The glass is broken. (= the glass was mentioned in the
previous sentence)
/ saw the cat. (= the cat we both know)
The bank is closed. (= our bank)
Not e th e difference:
/ have an idea. (= but I haven't tol d
you what it is yet, so you don't know)
/ like the idea. (= we both know which
idea we're talking about)
See Unit 40
for article
use with
countable a
uncountable
nouns.
ractice
K Underline th e correct option .
10
11
I get a same bus/the same bus/same bus every morning.
John is a nurse/ the nurse/nurse at Hope Hospital.
I'm busy. I'll feed a cat/the cat/cat later.
There are a lot o f students in a Manchester/ the Manchester/
Manchester.
What is a tomato/the tomato/ tomato? Fruit or vegetable?
Please give me a scissors /the scissors /scissors.
My dog loves a chocolate/the chocolate/chocolate.
Frankenstein is a horror story / the horror story /horror story by
Mary Shelley.
Did you see a game/the game/game last night?
It was great.
A sport /The sport/Sport is important.
I have an older brother/ the older brother/older brother.
12 Where is a Post Office/the Post Office/Post Office? I can't find it.
Complete th e puzzle wit h a, an, the o r - (= no article).
This puzzle is about 1
a tow n called 2
Darkville. It is 3
old tow n wit h 4
university and 5
history museum. 6
tourists often visit it. Now 7
dog is walking dow n
8
main road of 9
town . It is
1 0
black dog. There is no moo n and 1 1
weather is bad. No lights are on in 1 2
streets. Al l
shops in 1 4
tow n are closed. No w
man is driving quickly fro m 1 6
airport.
headlights o f his car are not on. He almost hits
dog. There is nearly 1 9
accident but he
stops
20 car. Luckily, dog survives. It
doesn't die. It is 2 2
miracle - how did 2 3
man see 2 4
dog? You know, 2 5
life is
sometimes very strange...
(See2 6
botto m o f the page for
2 7
answer t o 2 8
puzzle.)
C Mak e ful l sentences fro m th e words , adding
articles i f necessary. Then mar k the m True or
False.
1 Shakespeare / was / actor
Skafcespcare was a * actor. True.
2 colours / o f / English / flag / are / red / and / blue
3 cats / have / nine / lives
4 there / is / tow n / called / Moscow / in / America
5 'musicals'/ are / plays / or / films / wit h / singers /
and / dancers
6 mile / is / longer / than / kilometre
7 Elvis / Presley / played / concert / in / London
8 original / name / o f / Ne w York / was / Ne w Rome
In you r notebook , writ e six sentences abou t
wha t yo u can see aroun d yo u now.
Example: I can see a cat, Tke cat is ctimbirwj a tree.
Circle the correct option .
A man and his son loved climbing 1
mountains. On e day, they were climbing 2
mountain when 3
son
fell and cut his head. The boy looked terrible - he had 4 blood on his face, his hair and his clothes - but he fel t OK.
The man phoned for help, and after about 5
hour, a helicopter came and too k the boy t o hospital. The man had t o
stay on the mountain. At the hospital, a doctor started t o clean 6 blood fro m the boy's face. Suddenly th e doctor
said,'Oh no! This is my son!'
How is this possible?
1 a the b an c a d -
3 a the b an c a d -
5 a the b an c a d -
2 a the b an c a d
4 a the b an c a d
6 a the b an c a d
L _
qgju iou 'Xep S| i| :g aspjaxg 0 } jaMSuy J3L|JOLU s/o q aq j SB M jopo p aqx eg qg pt> e£ 3 3 pi :SJ3MSUE jjsaj. /
Article s 1 103
'43 Articles 2
Play music and watch the birds.
c | | +
r
Blogj/po t
The most famous guitar in the world is the
Fender Stratocaster (Strat).
An American Standard Stratocaster is a
classic guitar. The colour is beautiful. The
sound is perfect.
People play guitars for many reasons: fun,
money, interest. There is one reason why I
play the Stratocaster: love.
What is happiness? Take a Strat, put it in
a rucksack, go to the train station, buy a
ticket to the seaside and stay there for
a month. Play music on the beach, swim
and watch the birds every day. This is
happiness.
W h y d o peopl e play guitars ?
a fu n b mone y c interes t d al l o f thes e things
Articles 2
1 Use the before things in th e worl d tha t w e al l kno w
about. Examples are: the desert, the mountains, the
river, the sea and the town.
Swim in the river.
The country is quieter than the town.
2 Use the before things tha t are th e onl y ones aroun d us,
or tha t are unique.
Look at the moon. (There is only one moon we can see.)
She's the best singer in the world. (There is only one
world.)
3 Use the wit h street s and hotels .
Walk across the road carefully.
4 Use the before superlatives (smallest, most
interesting, etc.).
The most famous guitar in the world.
It is the best.
• See Unit 42 for the basic rules for articles.
• See Unit 40 for countable and uncountable nouns.
Onl y use the wit h uncountable nouns (music, air,
furniture, etc.) i f the y are specific things w e kno w
about. Not e th e difference:
Money does not bring happiness. (= money in general)
Where is the money?(= physical money you can touch
Coffee is bad for you. (= all coffee)
Put the coffee on the table. (= this cup o f coffee)
W e can tal k abou t specific types and examples of
things wit h the and a singular countable noun.
The guitar is very popular today, (the guitar = a type
o f musical instrument)
Marconi invented the radio, (the radio = an example
o f technology)
Use a or an wit h nouns t o tal k abou t somethin g tha t
t h e listener doesn't kno w abou t yet.
There is a concert tonight.
Listen to this, it's a true story.
104
Practice
|\\ Complete th e sentences wit h a, an or the.
1 Do you play tke guitar?
2 It's second house on the left.
3 Esperanto is language.
4 longest river is in Brazil.
5 When I was young I had dog.
6 Wear dress you bought last week.
7 I love sea.
8 That is interesting idea.
Match the pairs.
1 1 can see — ^ a money.
2 Everyone needs— b the money.
3 Turn on a the light.
4 Plants die withou t b light.
5 The bread a is easy t o make.
6 Bread b is in the kitchen
7 1 want t o study a music.
8 Listen t o b the music.
9 Football a is in the car.
10 The footbal l b is a sport.
Make sentences by puttin g th e word s in th e correc t
order. Add a, an or the i f necessary.
1 in/ I / mountains / live
I im in tke mountains.
2 where/tomorrow/i s / party / ?
3 night / was / it / exciting
4 most / is / beautiful / wh o / ?
5 animal / is / horse
6 hot / nice / is / milk/o n / cold / day
7 car/ful l / is/park/again .
8 music/need/people .
D Cross ou t th e pictures in thi s stor y and writ e th e correct
word s wit h a, an, the or - (= no article).
tke^uitar «*]
Billy wante d t o play
r~V*ji^ — because he loved 2 J 4 .
But there was a problem. He had no money t o buy one.
He lived near a big forest and every day he walked in
3
and dreamed about a guitar. On e day Billy sat
under 4 a n d listened t o .They sang
beautifully. B | was shining. Billy was thinking.
'Guitars are made of ' . I can make 8 }JJ~' \"!' He
walked back t o
9^0^, wen t home and got 1 0
,-ff^^ and
some string. He went back to !
. Billy made his
guitar. The birds sang and Billy played. He was happy now.
^ m ^ounTot^ ^ wit h a, an,
the or - (= no article) and th e noun .
1 Wha t is a carrot? r) vegetable.
2 Wha t musical instrument woul d you like t o play?
3 Wher e can you swim in salt water?
4 Wha t do you put in coffee?
5 Wha t was the Titanic?
6 Wha t object can you see in the sky at night?
7 Wha t plastic thin g can you use in a shop?
8 Mone y cannot buy...?
Circle the correc t option .
1 I'm sorry. I've broken your Stratocaster. I was playing music on the beach and it fel l in sea.
2 most expensive Stratocaster costs about $12,000. a A b An c The
3 I usually play , but sometimes I play it for money.
a guitar for the fun b the guitar fo r a fun c the guitar for fun
4 My friend has just bought old guitar. It's 4 0 years old and it sounds fantastic. a an b the c
5 Who invented electric guitar? a an b the c -
— — — — — 1
I
a a b the c - |
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Article s 2 105
A Writ e th e plurals o f these nouns.
1 boy - 2 child - ckiUm 3 dog - 4 man -
5 shoe - 6 tomat o - 7 box - 8 table -
9 computer - 10 mouse - 1 1 toot h - 12 banana -
13 knife - 14 house - 15 dictionary -
B Change th e sentences int o th e plural. Be careful wit h word s like a, the, some and this.
1 This boy has foun d a key. These boijs have found some keijs. / These beijs have (oanci tetjs.
2 That lady has a prett y baby.
3 The man is going t o buy a new watch.
4 The woma n foun d a mouse under the piano.
5 That girl stole a glass.
6 This bus has a broken window.
7 The child is eating a potato.
8 That farmer is buying a sheep and a fish.
C Put th e nouns fro m th e box in th e correc t places in th e table .
advice air chair city famil y feeling
fun furniture game garden help
icecream information luggage
music problem soap soup tree
trip water wor k
a /a n some
chair water
D Underlin e th e correc t option .
1 Jill jumpe d into a/some water.
2 I have just read any/a book about it.
3 He did a/some good work .
4 He did a/some good job.
5 A/Some people like it.
6 M r and Mr s Brown don't have any/some children.
7 Have you lost any/a money?
8 The police now have some/an information.
9 Woul d you like t o come on some/a trip?
10 Please give me some/an advice.
106
I Match the pairs.
1 We need t o talk about your plans fo r the future. Do you have a time?
2 I've forgotten my watch. Do you have b the time?
3 Do you often eat a a pizza?
4 Do you want t o eat b pizzas?
5 1 want t o be a teacher because 1 love a children.
6 Dinner's ready. Please go and tel l b the children.
7 Her house is in the middle o f a a forest.
8 1 love walking in b the forest.
9 Marconi invented a a radio.
10 My mobile phone doesn't have b the radio.
11 My sister never drinks a milk.
12 Ugh... this coffee's disgusting. There's something wron g wit h b the milk.
f Write a, an, the or - (= no article) in each space.
Last year we wen t t o Wales for 1
ft holiday and w e stayed in 2 old house.
3
famil y of 4
mice was living in 5
house too . W e never saw
6
mice, but w e knew they were there, because they used t o eat our bread.
O n 7
last day o f
8 holiday w e decided w e wanted t o see 9
mice, so we bought 1 0
smelly cheese. That night, w e put 1 1
cheese in
1 2
bowl and put 1 3
bow l on 1 4
floor of 1 5
living
room. We sat in 1 6
dark and waited for 1 7
mice t o come. After
1 8
tw o hours o f waiting, I was feeling hungry, so I wen t to 1 9
kitchen t o
make myself some 2 0
tea and 2 1
sandwich. I remembered there was some
bread on 2 2
table. Whe n I turned on 2 3
light I saw 2 4
mouse.
It was sitting on 2 5
kitchen table and eating 2 6
bread.
Complete each sentence b so tha t it means th e same as sentence a. Use tw o t o fou r word s
including th e wor d in brackets.
1 a She teaches English at our school, (teacher)
b She's an £n<jusn teacher at our school.
2 a He's a violinist in an orchestra, (violin)
b He in an orchestra.
3 a I want a relaxing beach holiday this year, (beach)
b This holiday, I want t o relax
4 a We had some cheese in the fridge this morning, but now it's gone. Who' s eaten it? (all)
b Who's eaten fro m the fridge? It was here this morning.
5 a Kenny is Tom's only brother, (of)
b Kenny is Tom.
6 a I'm going out now. I'll be about 6 0 minutes, (hour)
b I'm going out now. I'll be back in
7 a Sorry I'm late. I had a meeting wit h my bank manager, (bank)
b Sorry I'm late. I wen t t o meeting wit h the manager.
8 a She needs t o travel t o Italy on business, (trip)
b She needs to go t o Italy.
44 This, that, these, those
This is me.
tftllo - I'kvt A.v^usVou.vu> av^d I live i-kv
£}haiA,a.
These children are studying at school
we leam, Kas.ev^a\\^a^[zaM, ov^e of
the languages of Cyhav^a, avuX also
e^ujllsh at school.
This is kvte fit home. Whet^ I grow up,
I wai/vtto be a photographer. I'd lltee to
take photos of the people av^d children
Lwv w.y country. TViat's ncy dream.
I live lev the kvorth of
cjmav^a where It's very
dry. But yvot all of the
country Is dry. This
photo Is of the port of
Accra, av^d those are
fishing boats.
Tru e
This, that, these, those
1 Use this or that wit h a singular noun .
th/'s photo, that girl
2 Use these or those wit h a plural noun .
these friends, those hills
3 W e usually use this or these fo r people and thing s
which are near.
This photo is of the port of Accra.
Are these your children?
4 W e usually use that or those for people and thing s
which are not near:
Who's that girl over there?
Those are fishing boats.
5 Use this for things whic h are happening no w or wil l
soon happen.
This TV programme is really interesting. (= the TV
programme I am watching now)
You'll laugh when you hear this story. (= the story I am
about t o tel l you)
O n th e phone, w e usually use this is t o say wh o
is speaking.
Hello. This is Fatima.
o r False? Anusibun o speaks English as her firs t language.
•]Ooips \\b L|S!]8ug sujea| ai|s '!ue>|ueueuase>| steads aqs as|ej
6 Use that for things whic h happened in th e past or have
jus t finished.
That was a great holiday.
What was that noise?
7 Use that t o say mor e abou t somethin g tha t someone
has jus t said.
/ want to be a photographer. That's my dream.
A: She wants to be a photographer.
B: Really? I didn't know that.
8 W e can also use this, that, these and those on their own.
This is me. (= This person in the photo is me.)
These are my friends. (= These people in the photo are
my friends.)
Who's that?(= Who's that person in the photo?)
The short for m o f that is = that's. This is, these
are and those are do no t have short forms .
108
Practice
A Complete thi s lette r wit h this, that, these or those.
1
Tilts Is. m.e at
hofvte with m.y fakully.
2
Is our luyvch.
We are eatli/vg yakvts.
3
are our
animals you. cai/v see
outside.
you'll lltee 4
photo.5
Is m.e
ngalkv ai/vd 6
flre kvty -friends. The -photo
shows the first day of
school.
7 was
a special day. we are
wearing our school
utuform .
8
buildln-g behind us Is the school.
C Complet e th e speech bubbles using this, that, these or
those.
B Underline th e correc t option .
1 Can you give me this /that book on the to p shelf,
please?
2 Can you hold this/that for me? I need t o put my hat on.
3 Come and look at these/ those photos.
4 A: David failed his exam.
B: Really? I didn't know this/that.
5 Hello, this/that is Alice. Can I speak t o Abe?
6 Look what I found ! Do you remember this/that
photo?
7 This/That film was amazing. Did you see it last night?
8 I love the painting over there in the corner. Just look at
these/those flowers! I can't believe they're not real.
HV TURN!
j Find a phot o whic h includes yo u or someone you kno w
and writ e a descriptio n o f wha t yo u can see, using this,
that, these, those, in you r notebook .
Example: Tdis is me omul nuj cousin, Pavel.
Circle th e correct option .
1 A: Did you know they speak Kasenanankani in Ghana? B: No, I didn't. interesting.
a It's b This is c That's
2 Look at mountains! They're so far away, but they look really beautiful. a that b those c these
3 A: I lived in Ghana for eight months when I was a student. B: Really? I'm sure was an amazing experience,
a this b that c those
4 Mmm , foo d is delicious. Do you want t o tr y some? a this b tha t c those
5 Can you help me wit h bags, please? They're really heavy. a this b those c these
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — __ J
3S ^ 9£ qZ 'SJ9MSUP j}S9J_ Aw
45 Some, any, no, none
There are no trains or buses.
Do you have any plans for
your vacation? None?
Good, then ...
Visi t Knoydart !
Knoydart is a beautiful place in Scotland. It's
perfect for a holiday. You won't find any pollution
in Knoydart and there are no cars. There are some
boats to Knoydart but none of them carry cars. Don't
worry, there are some roads but you'll have plenty
of exercise because there are no trains or buses!
Knoydart has a post office, a school and some small
hotels. The hotels are very nice but none of them are
very big and some are only open in summer. Do you
have any questions? The website at the bottom of the
page has some useful information.
Underlin e th e correc t option : Knoydar t is a goo d place for
peopl e wh o like: quiet holidays/driving/big luxury hotels.
Some, any, no, none
1 Use some and any t o tal k
abou t a limite d quantit y
o f something . Use not...
any, no and none whe n
ther e is nothin g there .
You can see some birds.
The beach doesn't have any cafes.
There are no tourists.
Are there any people swimming? No, none.
Use some and any wit h countabl e plural nouns and
uncountable nouns.
Some people like quiet holidays, (people = plural noun)
Do you have any news?(news = uncountable)
/ need some information, (information = uncountable)
See Unit 40 for countable and uncountable nouns.
W e ofte n use some in statements .
Knoydart has some roads.
W e usually use any in negative sentences. W e also use
any in questions instead o f some.
There isn't any pollution.
Do you want any milk with your coffee ? 10
sAep!]oi| iamb :J3MSUV
W e can use some in questions whe n we expect the answeij
'yes', especially fo r offers, requests and suggestions.
Do you have some good ideas? I'm sure you do!
Would you like some help? (offer)
Can I have some sugar?(request)
Shall I take some photos?(suggestion)
W e can use any in statement s t o mean 'it doesn't matter|
whic h one'.
Use any colour.
W e can use some and any withou t a followin g noun whej
it is clear wha t some and any are referrin g to .
There are hotels but some are only open in summer.
We have time for some questions. Do you have any?
Use no wit h countable plural nouns and uncountable
nouns. No is ofte n mor e emphati c tha n not any.
There are no trains.
None = no t any.
/ wanted some water but there was none.
W e can use o f afte r some, any and none, before the or a | pronoun .
/ read some of the website.
Do any of you speak English?
... none of them are very big.
110
A Make sentences abou t Susie's shopping bag using some,
2 r \\
5 r \\
3 r \\
1 M
6 4f \\
1 Sde das some cdocctate.
2 Sde doesn't dave wyj (isd./Sdedasnofisd.
3
D Complet e th e sentences using th e word s in th e box and
some, any and no.
Some people like Knoydart fo r these reasons:
beautiful walks delicious seafood noisy factories
friendl y people money traffic
1 The roads are very quiet. There is
2
in th e area.
3 There aren't
no traffic
live
4 The hotel restaurants serve
5 There are
through the country .
6 You don't need
t o enjoy the fresh air.
Underline th e correc t option .
1 I'm lucky, I have some/any good friends.
2 It's a small room and there aren't some/any windows .
3 Sundays are quiet; there is no/none traffic on the
streets.
4 I'd love some/any chocolate cake, please.
5 Bring some water because there is no/none here.
6 I'm afraid there's no/none beach.
7 Sheila doesn't need no/any help.
8 We need help because some/none of us understand.
9 There aren't some/any questions.
I 10 Some/None tourists prefer t o travel by train.
C In your notebook , rewrit e these dialogues wit h some,
any or none t o make the m mor e natural . Sometime s
more than one answer is possible.
1 A: Can I have six or seven potatoes?
B: Sorry, we don't have them .
A: Can I dave some potatoes7\"
B: Scrrtj, we dont dave anj.
2 A: Have you got a small amount o f American dollars
with you?
B: Yes, I've got a small amount.
3 A: Would you like a little bit o f help?
B: I don't need help, thanks.
4 A: I need three or four biscuits.
B: I'm sorry, we don't have three or fou r biscuits. We
don't even have one biscuit!
5 A: Do you understand one or more o f the questions?
B: No, not one.
6 A: Yes, we've got three or four. Whic h do you want?
B: It doesn't matter.
MY TURN!
^nyo^^ reasons t o visit your
tow n o r village, using some, any and no.
Examples:
1 It das some interesting museums,
2 Tdere aren't aiuj expensive dotek,
i
Circle th e correc t option .
You'll have t o walk because the island doesn't have
taxis. a some b no c any
I invited all my friends t o come wit h me
t o Knoydart, but the m wanted t o
come. a none o f b no c any o f
A: Does Knoydart have casinos? B: No, I
don't think so. a any o f b some o f c any
Could I have more information about the
hotel, please?
a no b none c some
A: Ho w many people live on Knoydart? B: I have
idea. a none b no c any
q 3f »7 IT ^JSM^IJP 11931 K\\M
•*
c
Some, any, no, none 11 1
46 Something, everywhere, nobody, anyone
Say nothing.
Whe n yo u hav e nothin g
t o say , sa y nothing .
(Charle s Cale b Colton )
He knows nothing and he
thinks he knows everything.
That clearly points to a political
career. (George Bernard Shaw)
Anyone can catch
your eye, but it takes
someone special to
catch your heart. (Anon)
Learning is a treasure
that will follow its owner
everywhere.
(Chinese proverb)
c?-- Whic h o f thes e quote s d o yo u like best?
Something, everywhere, nobody, anyone
1 Use th e pronouns anything or something t o tal k abou t a
thin g or an idea.
Use th e pronouns anybody, somebody, anyone or someone
t o tal k abou t a person. (The word s endin g in -body or -one
are th e same in meaning.)
Anyone can catch your eye.
Use th e pronouns anywhere or somewhere t o tal k abou t a
place.
2 Everywhere (= al l places), everybody or everyone (= al l
people), everything (= al l things )
Nowhere (= no place), nobody or no one (= no person),
nothing (= no thin g or no t anything)
He knows nothing and he thinks he knows everything.
3 W e usually use something, somewhere, somebody and
someone in statements .
It takes someone special to catch your heart.
W e ofte n use anything, anywhere, anybody and anyone
in negative sentences and questions .
/ can't see anything.
Is anybody at home?
112
W e can also use pronouns beginning wit h any- in
statement s t o mean 'all ' whe n it doesn't matte r who, I
wha t or where .
Anyone can catch your eye. (= all people; it doesn't
matter wh o they are)
He can go anywhere he wants. (= He can go t o all places;
it doesn't matter where.)
Use nothing, nowhere, nobody and no one in statements |
and questions .
He knows nothing. Why is no one here ? He has nowhere |
to live.
W e don' t have tw o negative word s in one sentence.
/ didn't hear anything. OR / heard nothing.
N O T / didn't hear nothing.
W e usually use everything, everywhere, everybody and
everyone in statements .
Everybody says it's true. I met everyone.
everyone j everybody / everything + singular verb
Everybody was there. NO T Everybody were there.
Practice
A Match th e sentence beginnings t o th e correc t endings . D Writ e sentences whic h mean th e opposite.
1 Anything that can go wrong,
2 Worrying
3 Try something
4 Nothing
5 If you have hope,
6 Nobody's
7 Everyone needs
B Underline th e correc t option .
a someone t o talk to.
b lasts forever,
c perfect,
^ d wil l go wrong ,
e won' t help anyone,
f new today,
g you have everything
1 Let's go somewhere /everywhere special.
2 She doesn't have anything/nothing nice t o wear.
3 I think there's something/anything strange about him.
4 I have nothing/anything new t o read.
5 Look in the fridge if you're hungry. You can have
anything/something you want.
6 This music is boring - I want t o listen t o something/
everything different.
7 I've met someone/anyone special.
8 Everybody/Everything loves a good story.
C Complete th e sentences wit h an appropriat e pronoun .
Sometimes ther e is mor e tha n one righ t answer.
1 A: Have you seen the dog?
B: No, I've looked everywhere
2 I've got in my eye.
3 You must come t o the party - is
going t o be there.
4 There's at the door.
5 Has seen my watch?
6 My cousin is very shy - she never says
I
7 I need t o buy fo r dinner.
8 Can come t o the party or do you
need a ticket?
9 She lives in France.
1 She doesn't have anywhere t o live.
Sde das somewhere to live,
2 I could see no one.
3 I tol d the police officer everything.
4 The woma n tol d me something interesting.
5 Everyone is happy.
6 Nobod y knows.
7 There was nothing unusual about her.
8 He hasn't been anywhere.
1 K)o One knows the answer.
2 There's in the garden.
3 says it's true.
4 I can't see him
5 Do and wil l happen.
6 loves a happy ending.
7 is always right.
pUffl. _____________ _
Circle the correc t option . |
1 Please tel l me about your family. a something b anywhere c everyone
2 A: What do you want for your birthday? B: I don't mind. I'll be happy wit h something small.
a Everything b Anything c Something
3 I didn't know at the party, so I wen t home again. a nobody b anybody c no one
4 mistakes. a Everyone makes b Anybody make c Everybody make
5 A: I can't find my keys B: Where have you looked? A: Everywhere. a somewhere b anything c anywhere I
] S E t? <K m E T :sJ3Msue usaiX w
Something, everywhere, nobody, anyone 113
r47 Much, many, a lot of, a little, a few
A lot of fun!
- o.-
D o tourist s at Port Stephen s
• usuall y see dolphins ?
•u!i)d]op e aas },uop
not, ajai^M sduj Aueiu JOU aje aja m sax IJBMSU v
The Eco-Blog
Read what our eco-tourists say about travelling in Australia.
A lot of fun! by Kelly, 24t h
October
I ve been on dolphin-watching trips before and often you only get a little time with the dolphins
... but this was different. Port Stephens on the coast of New South Wales is the perfect place to
watch dolphins. I saw lots of dolphins jumping over the waves ... fantastic!
There are not many trips where you don't see a dolphin. But if you are unlucky and only see a
dolphin for a few moments, the captain will give you a free ticket for another trip.
And the best thing is - it doesn't cost much. What are you waiting for? Buy your ticket today!
Much, many, a lot of, a little, a few
many, a lot of,
lots o f
some not many, a fe w
m > ^ J8 p
much, a lot of, some not much, a little
lots o f
Use much wit h singular uncountabl e nouns and many
wit h plural countable nouns.
We do not have much time.
There are not many trips.
Use a lot of or lots ofwit h bot h singular uncountabl e
nouns and plural countable nouns.
It was a lot of I lots of fun.
I saw a lot of I lots of dolphins.
W e use a lot of or lots of in statement s and negative
sentences and in questions .
There is a lot of marine life in the Port Stephens bay area.
Not a lot of tourists know this place.
Are there a lot of different types of dolphin?
4 W e usually use much and many in negative sentences
and questions .
We do not have much time.
Are there many dolphins in the Port Stephens bay area?
5 W e don' t usually use much in statement s - w e prefer a
lot of or lots of
It was a lot of fun! NO T It was much fun!
6 W e sometime s use many in forma l statements .
Scientists have discovered that many female dolphins
live in groups of six or eight animals.
7 A lot of or lots of are more commo n in informa l
statements .
/ saw lots of dolphins jumping over the waves.
8 Use a little wit h singular uncountable nouns and a few
wit h plural nouns.
You only get a little time with the dolphins.
You only see a dolphin for a few moments.
Y o u can leave ou t th e noun afte r much, many, a
little, a few, a lot of and lots of.
It doesn't cost much. (= It doesn't cost much money.)
How much time do we have? Only a little. (= Onl y a
little time.)
It doesn't cost a lot. (= It doesn't cost a lot o f money.)
How much money do we have?Lots!
114
Practice
A Complete th e sentences wit h much or many.
1 There aren't Mty days before the exam.
2 Not snow has fallen in the Alps this
winter.
3 people are surprised when they first
seethe dolphins.
4 Do the boys have homewor k tonight?
5 Did children come t o the party?
6 There won't be hotel rooms at this
time o f year.
7 Do you eat meat?
8 Did you get presents fo r your
birthday?
9 Maria didn't give me good advice.
I 10 There are different plants, animals and
insects in the rainforest.
B Complete each o f these sentences in tw o differen t
ways, using phrases fro m th e box and appropriat e
forms o f th e verb.
C Complet e th e blo g using a lot of, lots of, much, many, a
little or a few.
love
knowledge
arguments
a little bad marks
a few salt in your foo d
sweets
rain
days of f
1 f) tittle rain is
f] few <%» off are }a good thing.
jno t bad fo r you.
jbettertha n none.
|nothing t o worr y about.
Kuranda Train and Skyrail, Australia
by Ido, 4 t h
July
This is a great day trip. Take the
train through the mountains
and come back by Skyrail.
The train trip was beautiful - we
went past 1
a tot of waterfalls and through
2
tunnels! We wanted to see the traditional
markets at Kuranda, but there weren't
good shops - just shops selling tourist souvenirs - so you
won't need' ' money.
hours in town should be enough for
most people. You can visit the Butterfly Sanctuary - if you
want to - but there are 6 butterflies
flying around you for free!
You don't need 7 time to get to the
Skyrail. Skyrail is a cable car that travels only
metres above the top of the
rainforest. Unfortunately we only had 9
time. I wanted to stay all day!
MY TURK!
^ ^ nsvve ^th^ ^ using a lot, not
much, some, only a little, not many or only a few.
1 Ho w much tim e do you spend on your homewor k
every evenmgr AM
2 Ho w much tim e do you spend watching TV every
week?
3 Ho w many plants do you know the names of?
4 Ho w many different butterflies do you know?
5 Ho w much money do you have in your pocket?
6 Ho w many hours' sleep did you have last night?
7 Ho w much snow was there last winter?
8 Ho w many times have you been on a plane?
1 Circle th e correc t option .
1 We travelled around Australia wit h friends. There were about six o f us. a a little b a fe w c much
2 We didn't have tim e in Port Stephens - only a fe w days. a many b a lot c much
3 Wehad a free tim e at the end o f our trip, so w e did some shopping. a few b lot c little
4 A: Did you see other animals? B: Yes, lots. a many b much c a lot
5 A: How much did it cost t o fly t o Australia? B: It was very expensive. a Muc h b A lot o f cAlo t
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — _ _ J
D £ Bf7 3£ 1Z q i :SJBMSUE jjsaj_Xw
Much, many, a lot of, a little, a few 115
48 Subject and object pronouns
I don't know them and they don't know me.
I'm Susan. Simon is my husband. We live in Green Street. I t is a big street and our house is in the middle of it.
John lives next to me. He's a doctor and I like him a lot. His wife Jane is noisy. She sings in the shower very
loudly. Sometimes we tell her to be quiet but she doesn't listen to us. My other neighbours are Mr and Mrs
Strange. They are very quiet. I don't know them very well. We have two sons. They know a story about Mr
and Mrs Strange. We don't believe them but you will read about it in Exercise E.
Susan and
Simon mmiri
Tru e o r False? Ther e are fou r peopl e in Susan's family.
Subject and object pronouns
1 W e can replace nouns wit h pronouns .
/ have two neighbours. They are nice, (they = tw o
neighbours)
This is Jane. She's my wife. (She = Jane)
2 There are differen t form s fo r subject pronouns and
object pronouns , bu t you and it stay th e same.
subject verb object
1 like h i m
She likes m e
I'm Susan.
She sings in the shower.
Sometimes we tell her.
subject pronoun object pronoun
1 me
you you
he him
she her
it it
we us
they the m
3 Use object pronouns afte r prepositions (e.g. to, in, at,
around).
John lives next to them.
Look at me!
The story is about her.
In English, a ful l sentence needs a subject.
The subject can be a noun or a pronoun .
/ want an apple. NO T Want an apple.
It's eight o'clock. NO T Is eight o'clock.
• See Unit 51 for more information on it as a pronoun.
116
Iractice
j Underline th e subject pronouns and circle th e objec t
pronouns.
1 i know(jijrri} 2
3 She likes them. 4
5 Can you see me? 6
7 You don't understand her. 8
It is my birthday.
Wher e is he?
Give it t o us.
We're wit h you.
Complete th e sentences wit h th e correc t pronouns .
am the winner!
can't sing very well,
smell very nice.
2 likes chocolate.
4 go first, please.
6 costs a lot o f
money.
|C Complete th e sentences wit h th e correc t pronouns .
1 She's our new neighbour. Do you know her
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
are going t o visit John. Wil l you come wit h us?
Your bags are heavy. I'll carry
Listen, boys, can be quiet, please?
Mrjone s isn't ill. I saw this morning.
Where are my glasses? I can't find
Dolphins are very intelligent. have their own language.
Susan needs the book. Give t o now, please.
I don't understand the instructions. Please explain
t o
Hello? It's , we're back.
Complete th e tex t wit h th e correc t
pronouns.
Neighbours is an Australian soap opera.
1
ft is now famous around the world .
Kylie Minogue started her career in Neighbours.
2
married Jason Donovan in the show and
3
both became pop stars. Whe n Kylie left
Neighbours, thousands o f people wrot e t o 4
.
5
wanted Kylie t o stay in the show.' 6
all love 7
Kylie, please don't leave 8 !' wrot e many sad Neighbours
fans. Kylie left, but Neighbours continued. Today you can watch
9
in many countries including Uganda, Ukraine and Laos.
Of course, the actors and characters change. 1 0
are not
the same today, but fans still love 1 1
all.
Replace th e nouns in th e tex t wit h pronouns t o
make th e stor y mor e natural .
M r and Mr s Strange are my neighbours.
Tkeij
M r and Mr s Strange live in a very old house. The
very old house has a big garden but most people
don't know tha t the big garden is a magic garden!
M r and Mr s Strange have a daughter, Mar y Strange.
Last summer, my brother and I saw Mar y Strange
outside. Mar y Strange had a golden key. Mar y
Strange too k the golden key, wen t t o the gate o f the
garden and opened the gate o f the garden. Quietly,
my brother and I followe d Mar y Strange inside. M y
brother and I saw M r and Mr s Strange. M r and Mrs
Strange were sitting in a tree. Mar y flew t o M r and
Mr s Strange. A bird in the tree spoke t o Mar y and
Mar y answered the bird. M y brother and I ran away.
D o you like these thing s / people? Use pronouns
in you r answer s and writ e the m in you r notebook .
1 English I li b it.
3 Red shoes
5 Your doctor
7 Jennifer Lopez
9 Your neighbours
2 Swimmin g I &6Kt tiki it.
4 Jazz
6 Basketball
8 Brad Pitt
Circle th e correc t option .
1 He is my neighbour. I like likes me.
a him and he b the m and they
c he and him
2 Please visit soon,
a us b we c they
3 I spend a lot o f time wit h
a it b the m c they
4 That's me in the picture an old
picture.
a Is b He's c It's
5 Can I give a message?
a her b he c she
eS 3 fr q£ E 7 E l :SJ9MSUE jisai Aw
Subjec t an d objec t pronoun s 117
M y nam e is Joe. I live in Philadelphia
in th e Unite d States . I wor k in m y
father' s
M y great-grandfather , Emilio, cam e
here fro m Ital y in 1902 . Emilio' s brothe r
arrived two year s later. A t first , m y greatgrandmother, Rosa, did no t wan t t o leave
her parents ' hom e in Italy. Bu t she loved
gettin g m y great-grandfather' s letters ,
a n d finally sh e decided t o come. She came
in 1 90 5 wit h their young children. The
famil y wa s happy to be together again.
The famil y had little money. Emilio' s first
job s were selling frui t an d building roads.
They worked very hard to save money, and
in 19 1 5 the y bought their first little home.
They were happ y tha t thei r children's
futur e wa s mor e certain.
49 Possessive's
My great-grandfather's letters
I f
Possessive's
1 Add' s t o a singular noun t o mean 'belongs to' .
my father's bakery
Emilio's brother
2 Afte r a plural nou n whic h ends in -s, jus t add' .
her parents' home
3 Add's t o irregular plural nouns (which do no t end
in -s).
their children's future
4 W e can use's withou t a followin g noun , fo r
example whe n w e answer questions wit h Whose?
A: Whose bakery is it ? B: It's my father's.
• See Units 26 and 50 for Whose?
•X]EJ| LUO4 3WED SJU3JEdpUEj8-}B3J§
s|q )nq 'sajEis paijun aq; woy S| aof :ja/wsuv
W e ofte n use's withou t a noun t o tal k abou t
shops, businesses o r someone's house
My aunt stayed at Rosa's. (= Rosa's house)
We had a great pizza at Mario's. (= Mario's restaurant)
5 Whe n ther e are tw o nouns, w e usually add' s t o th e
second noun .
It's my mother and father's bakery. (The bakery belongs
t o both my mother and father.)
s can mean:
1 possessive: Emilio's letters
2 is: he's poor
3 has: he's worked (he has worked)
6 Whe n a name ends in' s w e stil l add's.
Lois's house.
118
Practice
A Look at Joe's famil y tre e and complet e th e sentences.
Mario Emilio -
I f
Rosa
f
Lucio
I
-Anna Fabio
f I
Catherine Pietro
'.If
Stefano
I
Joe
I
Carla
•
1 €m.aUS is Joe's great-grandfather.
2 is Emilio's wife.
3 is Mario's brother.
4 Emilio and Rosa have tw o children. The children's
names are
5 are Lucio and Anna's sons.
6 is Emilio's great-grandson.
7 Fabio is Stefano and\" Pietro s ancle,
8 Lucio
9 Catherine
10 Stefano
11 Carla
12 Joe and Carla
B Complet e th e sentences using th e correc t names.
This is
Rosa's
hat.
This is
stick.
These are
shoes.
These are
boots.
This is
baby.
This is
house.
C Add ' or' s in th e correc t places.
1 The presidents son is coming this
afternoon .
2 Jack daughter is taking her exams
this summer
3 Could you get this man coat for him,
please ?
4 Wome n footbal l is becoming more
popular .
5 There was a managers meeting last
week .
6 Young people diets are not always very
healthy
7 Wha t does your country flag look like ?
8 M y parents apartment is in San Francisco
9 A: Is this your card?
B: No, it's my husband
Writ e sentences abou t you r famil y in your noteboo k
Use th e word s in th e box.
birthday hobby home jo b name room school
favourite sport
Example: fygmdfetku's name is Cnulto.
H1US1!
de th e correc t option .
| 1 stayed in Italy. a Rosa parents b Rosa's parents c Rosa's parent's
I 2 children came t o Philadelphia in 1905. a Emilio's and Rosa b Emilio and Rosa's c Emilio and Rosa
3 In the 1900s, many hats were very beautiful. a womans ' b women's c womens '
4 lived in Philadelphia all his life. His name's Pietro. a Joe's father's b Joes fathers' c Joe's fathers
I 5 We always buy our bread at He has the best bakery in town . a Pietro's b Pietros c Pietros'
ES Et> m °Z IT :SJ3MSUB jlS3j_ Ayv
Possessive s 119
Whose?, my, mine
1 Use Whose?to ask wh o somethin g belongs to .
A: Whose bag is this ? B: It's Julie's.
• See Unit 26 for questions with Whose?
2 Use my, your, his, her, our, their wit h a noun .
My bag is black.
Do you have your number?
The boy doesn't have his bag.
The woman has lost her number.
Can we have our bags, please?
That's their little girl.
Use mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs withou t a noun.
That's not mine.
Do you have yours ?
The boy doesn't have his.
The woman has lost hers.
Can we have ours ?
That's theirs.
W e don' t use a, an or the before my, your,
his, her, our or their.
I went to the cinema with my new friend, Luke.
NOT... with a my new friend, Luke.
His first day at school was good.
N OT The his first day...
1 m y bag It's mine.
You you r book It's yours.
He his skateboard It's his.
She her number It's hers.
It its name -
We o u r house It's ours.
They their car It's theirs .
It's is differen t fro m its.
It's a dog. (= it is)
What's its name?[= What's the dog's name?)
120
Practice
A Complete th e lette r wit h my, your, his, her, our
or their.
^ 7
Dear Jez,
This is a photo of 1
Hijj family. We are just
finishing the run. This is
2 dad. He was
really pleased with 3 time. He ran 10 km in
55 minutes. This is mum. She's wearing
5
race number. This is
dog. The dog's wearing 7 medals. Do you
and 8 family do any sports together?
Love, Stacey x
PS In the photo you can also see friends,
Hari and Jay. They always do the race on
skateboards.
10
B Underline th e correct option .
She lives at the end o f our/ours street.
3 A
Is that Claudia's bike?
No, that's her/hers over there.
My/Mine new computer is really fast.
Lucky you! My/Mine is really slow!
4 My grandparents live in this village. That's their/theirs
flat on the to p floor.
5 A: Is Stella OK?
B: No, I think she has hurt her/hers arm.
6 My/mine eyes are blue and your/yours are brown.
7 I went t o San Gimignano on holiday. It's/Its a very
beautiful town .
8 The Black Pharaohs ruled Egypt fo r 75 years. Unti l
recently, we did not know much about their/theirs
history.
9 Welcome t o the museum, everybody. Please leave your
/yours bags at the desk.
Complet e th e sentences using an appropriat e
possessive form .
1 Do these sunglasses belong t o you?
No, they're not IfvlM
2 I've jus t seen Teresa. She was wit h husband.
3 A: Ho w is Luke getting home?
B: parents are coming t o collect him.
4 We woul d like t o have the Olympi c games in
country.
5 A: Are your parents in?
B: No, they've gone t o visit a friend o f
6 I had a phone call fro m my brother yesterday. It was
great t o hear news.
7 The company is having a meeting for all
members on Friday.
8 That's Mr s Stanley, my doctor. And that's
big house.
9 A: Does that blue car belong t o your friends?
B: No, is red.
10 A: We're staying in this hotel
room is on the ground floor.
B: So are we! But is on the to p floor.
11 That's Michael's bag, but those boots aren't
12 A: Mum , me and Jack have had an idea....
B: I'm jus t going t o finish my lunch and then you can
tel l me about that idea o f
Answe r th e questions truthfull y in ; you r notebook . I f 1
t h e answer is no, use an appropriat e possessive for m
in th e answer.
1 Do you have black jeans?
/es, I do. / K)e, mine are Mae. / Kle, iwjjearvs are blue.
2 Do you have a pink mobile phone?
3 Does your teacher have a sports car?
4 Does your friend have a whit e bag?
5 Is your famil y home very large?
6 Do your parents have a fast computer?
7 Do you have a tidy bedroom?
• ••••••• • i
•••••• i
Circle th e correc t option .
I 1 bag is black and red. That's it under your table. a M y the b The my c M y
I 2 This little girl can't find running shoes. a she's b her c hers
3 A: Whose medals are these? B: They're I saw those boys winning them . a theirs b their c their's
I 4 My dog has lost bone. Is it here? a it's b its' c its
I 5 My sister and I love running wit h parents. a our b ours c our's
E S D17 E £ °Z 3T :sjaMSue jisai Aw
Whose?, my, mine 12 1
' 5 1
There and it
It's a very unusual book.
There's a very unusual book in Cincinnati
UnWerity liSary . It's
n u * Q real book- there are 30 pages
the librarian Mark Palkovic some questions
about the book:
'Is it an interesting book?'
'Yes, it is. It's a story by the Russian author
Chekhov.'
'Is it in Russian?'
There an d it
1 Use there + be t o show tha t somethin g is present or exists.
There is an unusual book in the library.
2 Use there is wit h singular subjects and there are wit h plural
subjects. W e ofte n use there + be wit h a, some and any.
There isn't a Post Office but there are three shops.
A: Are there any flowers ? B: Yes, there are some here.
• See Unit 45 for some and any.
3 Use there is wit h uncountable nouns and wit h a series o f
singular and uncountable nouns.
There is milk in your coffee.
There's an apple, some bread and a bottle of milk.
4 W e can use there in differen t tenses.
There was a problem but there won't be tomorrow.
5 In conversation, th e short for m there's is used. Don' t use
there's in questions or short answers.
A: Is there a computer I can use? B: Yes, there is.
statement / negative X
singular There is... There is not...
(There's...) (There isn't... / There's not...)
plural There are... There are not...
(There aren't...)
question ? short answer // •
Is there...? Yes, there is. / No, there isn't.
Are there...? Yes, there are. / No, there aren't.
'No, it isn't. It's a translation into English.'
'Are there any other copies?'
'Yes there are 99 other copies. They're in
JSrenrmuseum s and libraries.
very good condition. For example, there aren
any missing pages. It's beautiful.
'Can I see it, please?'
'No, it's too small!'
I\"rue o r False? Th e boo k has
picture s bu t n o words .
9S|Bj :jSMSuy
6 Use it + be wit h a singular or uncountable noun (e.g.
Monday, information) or adjective (e.g. big, red) to
identif y or describe somethin g or someone.
It's a library, not a museum.
It is quiet in Cincinnati.
Look Lisa, it's David!
7 Use it + be t o describe days, dates, times and weather.
It's Monday.
It's two o'clock.
It isn't cold.
8 Use it + be fo r nouns whic h have already been
mentione d or whic h are already know n t o exist.
A: Is there a cafe here ? B: Yes, but it's not open.
A: What's that? B: It's a mouse!
statement / negative X
It is ...(It's...) It is not ...(It isn't .../It's not...)
question ? short answer / X
Is it...? Yes, it is. / No, it isn't.
Use It's t o introduce yoursel f on th e phone.
Hi Jane. It's Simon here.
• See Unit 2 for more information on be.
122
Practice
A Look at th e picture fo r one minute , the n cover it. I f th e
things in th e box wer e in th e picture, writ e sentences in
your notebook beginning There's... / There are some....
If the things wer e no t in th e picture, writ e sentences
beginning There isn't... / There aren't any....
books boxes clock computer doe r lamp
people pictures telephone windows
Examples: There aren't atuj windows. Tnere's a dW.
B Underline th e correc t option .
1 I'm happy. There's /It's Friday and I love Fridays.
2 There isn't/It isn't a lesson today.
3 There is/It is whit e bread if you don't like brown bread.
4 Is there/it five o'clock already?
5 I like Norwich. There's/It's a great city.
6 There/It is next t o the bank.
7 Listen, there is/it is something I need t o tel l you.
8 Here's a letter. There's/It's for you.
9 There isn't/It isn't my book.
10 Oh no! Is there/it closed?
11 Is there/it any more news?
C Put the word s in th e correc t orde r and add there or it
and was or were.
1 you / t o / a / next / pen
Tnere was a pen neict tojoa.
2 birthday / my / yesterday
3 you/to/se e / lovely / again
4 of/a/people/lo t
5 in/once/bears/Englan d
6 time / bed/for/almos t
7 bottle/the/in/water/som e
8 long/three/kilometre s
D Complet e th e tex t wit h th e correc t form s o f there + be
and it + be. (Some are negatives.)
The Three Sisters is a famous play by Anto n Chekhov.
1
It isnt a small book but 2
very famous.
3
three sisters. They live in a boring tow n
at the beginning o f the 20th century. 4
nothing t o do in this town . They want t o live in Mosco w
because5
the capital. 6
more opportunities in Moscow. However,
7
a long way t o Moscow and 8
many trains. 9
easy t o move fro m a small tow n
t o the capital. So, the sisters never go t o Moscow. The
Three Sisters is a classic play and 1 0
translations into many languages.
^ m ^o^JMio ^ abou t each
ite m in th e left-hand colum n using word s in th e righthand column . On e sentence should begin There's... and
one sentence should begin It's....
a bus on the website
a good programme really interesting
a door on television
some information f o r you
a tex t message open
at the bus stop
in the wal l
fro m Susie
very late!
really funny!
Example: Tnere's a door in tke wait. It's open,
Circle th e correc t option . I
I 1
I 3
I
L
a lot o f information on the website.
a There are b There's c It's
I like our library. very good and there are a
lot o f useful books, a Its b There's c It's
very cold in our library.
a There's b It's c Is
There any colour pictures in the book.
a isn't b hasn't c aren't
A: Is there a copy in the library? B: Yes,
a there is b there's c it is
E S >fr q£ ~>Z qi :SJ9MSUB jjsai Xvv
There and it 123
R 9 Review: pronouns; possessives; quantifiers
A Replace th e underline d word s wit h pronoun s t o mak e thi s stor y
mor e natural.
r to uj
Hi. M y name's Will . I live in a house wit h -LWitl*s parents and brother, Tom.
, Our
Will's family's house has a nice big garden where my brother and I like
playing football.
One day,
3 Wil l kicked the ball over the garden wal l and into 4Will' s
family's neighbours' garden. The neighbours are called M r and Mr s Stark
and 5 t h e neighbours are not very nice people.
6T h e neighbours don't like
7Will' s famil y and 8Will' s famil y don't like 9 t h e neighbours.
1 0 Wil l and Tom asked n t h e neighbours for
12 Wil l and Tom's ball back,
but Mr s Stark didn't give 13 t h e ball t o us. Mr s Stark said ' 1 4 T h e ball is in
1 5 M r and Mr s Stark's garden so 16 t h e ball is
17 M r and Mr s Stark's.'
Later that day, Mr s Stark came t o 18WiU' s family's house.
19 M r s Stark
had 20 Wil l and Tom's ball. 'Sorry. Here's the ball,'
21 M r s Stark said t o
me. 'I need 22Will' s help. Today a bird too k
23 M r s Stark's gold watch and
dropped 24 t h e watch in 25Will' s family's garden. Can 26 Wil l give 27 M r s
Stark the watch back, please?'
Wha t do you think
28 Wil l said?
B Answe r th e questions wit h sentences beginning there or it.
1 Ho w many people are in your class?
Tdere are 26.
Wha t is the time?
Wha t colour is your country's flag?
Wha t can you see outside the window ?
Does your tow n have a lot o f tourists?
W h o is your best friend?
Wha t wil d animals live in your country?
Wha t day was your birthday on last year?
Wha t was on TV last night?
Wha t was the weather like yesterday?
C Put apostrophes (') in th e correc t places in
these sentences.
1 Robert's got some new trousers, but
they're not very nice.
2 M y brothers friend is very kind but hes
not very clever.
3 Samanthas baby brother sleeps in her
parents bedroom.
4 Its good that she isnt angry.
5 M y friends computer doesnt work.
6 III do my wor k and you can do yours.
7 M y sister likes my brothers friends but
he doesnt like hers.
8 The childrens rooms are very dirty.
9 Marias horses names are Daisy and Rosy.l
10 Terrys parents too k his keys and he took f
theirs.
D Complet e each sentence b so tha t it means|
t h e same as sentence a. Use tw o t o four
word s including th e wor d in brackets.
1 a Wh o does this phone belong to? (is)
b (*)(i6se pkone is this? |
2 a Barry and Gary have a house by the
sea. W e stayed there last summer, (in)
b W e stayed
house by the sea last summer.
3 a M y dad owns these skis, (are)
b These skis
4 a You can use my dictionary. Have you
lost yours? (lend)
b Have you lost your dictionary? I'll
5 a Al and Paula live near a lake. They're
very lucky, (house)
b Al and Paula are very lucky.
near a lake.
6 a She talks but he never listens, (to)
b He never
when she talks.
7 a Can I have a new bike, please? (give)
b Can a new bike,
please?
124
E Complete this report. Writ e one wor d fro m th e box in each space.
a any anything everybody fe w little lot o f lots
many many many much much nobody o f
Number of visits to
cinema every month
A 1
few day s ag o I interviewe d 25 student s abou t thei r
cinem a habits . Her e ar e th e result s o f m y survey .
Questio n 1 : How 2
times do you go to the cinema
every month?
in the class goes to the cinema sometimes.
people go to the cinema once or twice a month.
few people go three, four or five times.
goes more than five times a month.
Questio n 2: How 7
cola do you usually drink at the cinema?
8
of people buy cola at the cinema, and some9
them say they
drink a 1 0
cola (1 litre or more) while they are watching a film. Seventeen people
say they drink a 1 1
cola (less than 1 litre). A few people never drink
1 2
cola.
Questio n 3: How 1 3
food do you usually buy at the cinema?
People in my class don't buy
1 4
snacks (sandwiches, hot dogs, etc.) at the
cinema. Four people in the group never buy 1 5
at the cinema because it is
very expensive.
F Underli
Alison:
Sally:
Alison:
Sally:
Alison:
Sally:
Alison:
Sally:
Alison:
Sally:
Alison:
Sally:
Alison
Sally
ne th e correc t option .
Hello.
xThat /This /Here is Alison. Is
2that/you/there, Sally?
Yes, it is. Hi, Alison. Wher e are you?
I'm camping3 anywhere/nowhere/somewhere in the forest. I'm here wit h 4some/any
/a little o f the girls fro m my class.
^That/This/Those sounds nice.
Yeah, it's great. It's so big-w e can walk a long way in ^any/this/no direction and we
never see 7
any/an/no other people. But we've seen % that / an / lots of animals.
Really? Have you seen 9a/much/any bears?
No, none. We've heard 10a few/ few of/a few of, but we haven't seen 1 1
any of/any/
none. We have seen 12 some/lots/ a few of rabbits. We've even seen 13any/a little/a
few snakes.
That's fantastic. What's
14the/a/- weather like?
Well, we've had ^some/a/a few nice weather, but we've also had 16 a few/ a few of'/
a lot of rain. Last night we all got we t while we were coming home. 1 7
A little of/ Much
of/A few of the girls got sick.
That doesn't sound like 18 many/much/ a fun. Are you going1 9 nowhere/anywhere/
everywhere today?
No, 2 0 somewhere/nowhere/anywhere. We're going t o stay at the campsite and wait
for the doctor.
O h no.
Listen, I have t o go. I'll see you soon.
OK, bye. Have 1 1
any/a/-fun!
Revie w 9 125
52 Adjectives
It's a wonderful place.
isaTVprcscnteiofUavelandhistofYPiogramiiies.
Hctra¥elsalot.Weaskedhimsomequestions.
You've been to Ethiopia. What was
it like there?
I was very happy to visit Ethiopia.
It's a wonderful place. The north
of the country is not dry - it's very
t has an interesting
Do you have a favourite city!
I have two favourite cities:
Damascus and Calcutta.
They are both ancient cities.
Calcutta has some great
palaces and it seems very safe
What about
lat are
The
are be;
Ethiopian
:autiful
BjdOimg pUE E)}nD|E^ 'SrOSEWEQ :J3MSU V
Adjectives
1 An adjective describes a noun or a pronoun .
It's a wonderful country. They are beautiful.
2 Put th e adjective befor e th e noun .
It has an interesting history.
N O T It has a history interesting.
There are a fe w adjectives whic h w e onl y use afte r
t h e noun or pronoun . For example: afraid, alive,
alone, asleep, awake, glad. W e prefer t o use ill and
well (= healthy) afte r th e noun , too .
The baby is awake. NOT... the awake baby...
The man is ill. NOT... the ill man...
3 W e use adjectives afte r th e verbs be, feel, look, seem,
smell, sound, taste.
It is safe. They seem beautiful and charming.
4 A numbe r o f adjectives end in -y.
ugly, funny, happy
-ful at th e end o f an adjective ofte n has a meanin g
similar t o 'ful l of .
careful, useful
-less ofte n means 'without' .
careless, useless
Adjectives don' t change in th e plural.
ancient cities NO T ancients cities
5 W e can use word s like very, quite, a bit and a little with
adjectives. Use quite, a bit and a little after th e noun or
pronoun .
He's quite tall. (= not tall, but not short)
N O T He's quite tall man.
The weather's a bit cold. The weather's a little cold.
N O T It's a bit cold weather.
Very can be used before or afte r th e noun or pronoun.
She's a very kind person. OR She's very kind.
W e don' t use word s like a bit or really in fron t o f all
adjectives. For example, w e say He is married, but NOT
He is quite married. W e say It is delicious, but NO T Wsvery delicious. Othe r examples are: dead, enormous,
exhausted, impossible, perfect.
6 Sometime s w e use anothe r nou n instead o f an
adjective.
shoe + shop = a shoe shop
dog + food = dog food
126
Practice
A Find at least te n pairs o f adjectives and nouns tha t
go togethe r and writ e the m in your notebook . (Some
adjectives may go wit h mor e tha n one noun.)
ancient careless city cold day empt y face
glass great information man terrible
time weather worker ugly useful young
Example:^jcun<j man
B Put a noun fro m box A wit h a nou n fro m box B t o mak e
words which match th e definitions .
A bed book CD credit
post taxi toot h train
B brush card driver man
player room shop station
1 You buy books here a book snop
2 You can use this if you don't have any money.
3 You can use this t o listen t o music.
4 You clean your teeth wit h this
5 You sleep here
6 You go here t o travel t o a different place.
7 This person brings your letters
8 This person takes people t o other places.
C Make sentences by puttin g th e word s in order, the n
suggest wh o or wha t each sentence is about .
1 stories / writes / wonderfu l / he / think / I
(tdtnt ne writes wonderful stories. (Pasts Coelfvo)
2 from / far / it / not / is / here
3 was / busy / very / it / place / a
4 well/ver y / doesn't / she / look
5 these / lovely / smell / flowers
6 friendly / very / not / she / does / seem
7 it / idea / not / is / good / a
8 actor / my / he / favourite / is
9 do / nice/taste/they / not
10 always / is / he / asleep!
D Complet e th e sentences using a bit, a little, quite or
very wher e possible.
1 MjJ dad is quite tall.
2 impossible.
3 nice.
4 enormous
5 tired
6 short
7 small.
8 perfect.
9 happy.
10 cold.
J^n^erth^^^ cit y in your
notebook . Use an adjective in each answer.
1 Do you have a favourite city?
2 Whe n you first arrived in this city, how did you feel?
3 Think o f one place every visitor must see. Wha t is it?
Tell us something interesting about it.
4 Imagine you are flying over the city in an aeroplane.
Wha t does th e city look like?
5 Wha t are the people like there?
6 Wha t is the city like at night?
7 Wha t do you miss about this city?
1 Mij favourite city is Prague. It's a beautiful city.
a beautifuls cities b beautiful cities c cities beautifuls
| Circle th e correct option .
| 1 Istanbul and Barcelona are both
I 2 He has met many people. a afraid b awake c interesting
3 la m I often lose things. a quite careless man b quite careless c quite careful
' 4 The king's palace is very a old b enormous c perfect
I 5 I spend a lot o f tim e in . a airport's restaurants b airport restaurants c restaurant airports I
qs et> q£ 3 Z qi :SJ9MSUB jisai Aw
' • • • • i •••••••••• (
• •••••••• • Adjective s 127
5 3 Order of adjectives
... wonderful golden shoes ...
The International
Olympic Museum in
Lausanne, Switzerland
has many unique
exhibits. Here are
some examples:
S
I
The original wooden torch
from Montreal (1976).
The wonderful golden shoes of the
brilliant 100 m sprinter, Carl Lewis.
A fascinating short film
clip of the first modern
Olympics (1896).
An ancient Greek vase
from Olympia (450 BC).
An interesting small
stamp from London (1948).
Orde r o f adjective s
1 Whe n ther e is mor e tha n one adjective befor e a noun , th e adjectives
usually go in a specific order.
an interesting old museum NO T an old interesting museum
a popular British sport NO T a British popular sport
2 Opinio n adjectives (e.g. nice, terrible, strange, etc.) go befor e factua l
adjectives (e.g. old, green, plastic, etc.).
the wonderful golden shoes
a brilliant educational experience
3 The usual order o f adjectives is:
Whic h countr y wer e th e 197 6 Olympic s in?
I f ther e is an adjective phrase with
number s before a noun, w e often use
hyphens (-) t o separate th e words.
We stayed in a five-star hotel.
A horse is a four-legged animal.
opinion size quality age shape colour origin material
lovely big clever old round red Italian paper
strange long happy recent square black African stone
an ancient Greek vase (age + origin)
a small square stamp (size + shape)
a big strong wooden box (size + quality + material)
my lovely warm new green jumper (opinion + quality + age + colour)
128
Practice
A Write these adjectives in th e correc t column .
amazing Asian big brown cheese dirt y enormous
famous glass golden handsome happy modern new
quiet Roman short Swiss whit e
opinion size quality age colour origin material
B Describe th e pictures using one wor d fro m each column .
amazing enormous
heavy long
tall tired
golden Kenyan
new slim silver
70-metre
basketball discus
gol f marathon
Olympi c 100-metre
1 an MOTlWlS jcfafafttf cup
2 a medal
3 a runner
4 a really record
5 a player
6 a really throw
Complet e each sentence wit h th e correc t
adjective.
1 It's a red tyliik teapot.
(English / small)
2 I got a new poster for my
birthday, (footbal l / beautiful)
3 Paint a square house,
(big / brown)
4 It's a Japanese boat,
(real / fishing)
5 The police are looking fo r a
blonde girl, (tall / French)
6 It was a round ball,
(plastic / hard)
7 Do you really need silver
shoes? (expensive / golf)
8 I bought a red car. (fast / family)
/
MY TURN!
In you r notebook , writ e six phrases
describing th e nouns in th e box using thre e
adjectives. Don' t use any adjective mor e
tha n once.
armchair bear dress footballer friend
sandwich shoes watch window
Example: a buj brown Kassian bear
• • • • <
Circle th e correct option .
1 Lausanne is a a beautiful Swiss-town b beautiful Swiss tow n c Swiss beautiful tow n
2 We saw medal at the museum.
a an ancient gold incredible b a gold ancient incredible c an incredible ancient gold
3 The winner o f the race was a young girl. a amazing b small c Chinese
4 They are building stadium in the city.
a an enormous new Olympi c b a new Olympi c enormous c an Olympi c new enormous
5 The ancient Romans loved a horses race b horseraces c horses races
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Orde r o f adjectives 129
-54 Comparatives
It's nearer than you think.
Are you looking for a really different skiing holiday?
Try Sochi, Russia, location of the 2014 winter Olympics. Now
it's easier than ever to travel to Sochi and it's nearer than
you think. The new airport terminal is nicer and much more
convenient than the old one. Things are a bit more expens.ve
than in Switzerland but Russians say the snow is whiter and
faster. After all that skiing you will go home slimmer and
fitter than when you arrived! If you get tired of skiing, Sochi
beach is close and the entertainment is even better there.
Some tourists think the nightlife is more interesting than
the skiing!
Try Sochi - it really is as good as we say!
Comparatives
O Is Soch i nea r th e sea?
U s e th e comparativ e for m o f adjectives to
compar e people, things , actions and events .
The airport is smaller but more convenient.
The Sochi Olympics will be better than the
Vancouver Olympics.
To mak e th e comparativ e o f one-syllable
adjectives , add -erto th e adjective .
slow slower, long longer
Some two-syllabl e adjectives for m
comparative s wit h -er, or more befor e th e
adjective.
clever -> cleverer, narrow -> narrower,
simple -> simpler
To mak e th e comparativ e o f long adjectives
(at leas t tw o syllables ) put more befor e th e
adjective.
intelligent -> more intelligent
hard-working more hard-working
further or farther
Whe n w e tal k about distance, th e meaning is the same.
It is 10 km further / farther.
U s e further, not farther, t o mea n 'extra'.
There is further information about Sochi on the website.
Two-syllable adjectives ending in -y have
-er endings .
The journey was easier last year.
I feel happier now.
5 A fe w comparativ e adjectives have irregula r
forms .
good better, bad -» worse, far -> further /
farther
130
6 To compar e different people, things , actions and event s in the
sam e sentence , use comparativ e adjective + than.
Winter is colder than summer.
7 Us e as + adjectiv e + as to say tha t people or things are equal.
I'm as tall as you.
• See Unit 57 for more information on as... as.
8 Th e opposit e o f more is less. W e usuall y use less before adjectives
o f tw o syllables and more .
Are people less happy today?
Travelling is less difficult now.
W e ofte n use not as... (as) instead o f less in speaking and informal
language.
Travelling is not as difficult now.
• See Unit 57 for less before adverbs (less quickly).
9 Don't use very on its ow n befor e a comparativ e adjective. Use
much, far or a lot. A lot is mor e informal . If you wan t to say that
t h e difference compared is small , use a little or a bit. A bit is more
informal .
Sochi is much hotter than Moscow. NOT.. . very hotter...
Our hotel is a little more expensive.
Practice
A Complete the quiz questions using comparative form s o f
the adjectives in brackets . The n underline th e answers .
1 Which are higher : the Carpathians or the
Rocky Mountains ? (high)
2 Which month is : February or March? (long)
1 3 Which is :
driving or flying? (dangerous)
4 Which is : 'I want the bread.' or
'Can you give me the bread?'(polite)
5 Which is : gold or silver? (rare)
6 Which is : one mile or one kilometre? (far)
7 Which city is :
Tokyo or Seoul? (expensive)
8 Which town is : Moscow or Madrid? (old)
9 Who was whe n he died: Mozart
or Shakespeare? (young)
10 Which is : a kilogram o f wate r or a
kilogram of ice? (heavy)
Now check your answer s a t th e botto m o f th e page.
B Use the information fro m Exercis e A to complet e thes e
sentences using less than or not as... as.
1 February is net as toruj as March
I 2 Flying
I 3 Silver
4 One kilometre
I 5 Seoul
I 6 Moscow
C Complete th e sentence s about th e tw o hotels , using th e
information in th e tabl e and th e adjectives in th e box .
Seaview Pushkin
1 Atmosphere © © ©© ©
2 Management ©@© ©@©
3 Price per day 1 0 0 euros 7 0 euros
4 Size 6 7 rooms 6 7 rooms
5 Distance from the
beach
400 m 15 minute walk
6 Service ©© ©@©
7 Food ©@© ©©© ©
8 Check-out time 11.00 12.00
bad big expensive far good
good interesting late nk e
1 Th e atmosphere at Pushkin is wcer
2 The management at Seaview is as^OCa\" as
the management at Pushkin.
3 Seaview is 30 euros
4 Pushkin is Seaview.
5 Pushkin is from the beach.
6 The service at Pushkin is than at Seaview.
7 The food at Seaview is than at Pushkin.
8 The check-out time at Pushkin is
/ comparing th e 1
If n r n hit and
In you r notebook , writ e sentence s
animals . Us e much, far, a lot, a little or a bit and
comparativ e adjectives .
Example : The^iraf(e is mu-ch tatter than the zebra,
Circl e th e correc t option.
1 The beach in Sochi was the beach in my town,
a nicer than b nicer then c more nice than
2 The mountains in Sochi are a little than the
mountains in my country.
a bigger b biger c more big
3 Thi s hotel used to be very bad, but now it's
a very better b much better c much more good
4 D o you think the winter Olympic s are as the
summer Olympics ?
a more interesting b as interesting
c as much interesting
5 I'm much than I was a fe w years ago.
a less healthier b not as healthy c less healthy
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Comparative s 131
Superlatives
The lowest point on Earth
The lowest point on Earth
is the Mariana Trench. It
is the deepest part of the
Pacific Ocean at 11 k m
down.
Antarctica has the most extreme climate.
The temperature can be -50 \" C and wind
speeds 200 k m / hour. The penguins there
live in probably the world's most difficult
conditions.
The biggest tree is the Giant Sequoia,
which grows in California, USA . General
Sherman is the world's largest living tree
and the most famous Sequoia. (William
Sherman was one of the most important
generals in American
history.)
The shortest river is the Roe River in
Montana, USA . It is only 61 metres
long but it is one of the most popular
tourist attractions in Montana.
Whic h is a goo d plac e fo r tourists ? a Th e Marian a Trenc h b Antarctic a c Montana
Superlatives
1 Us e superlative s to compar e people, things ,
actions and events .
The biggest tree is the Giant Sequoia.
William Sherman was one of the most
important generals.
It's the best thing I've ever seen.
2 To mak e th e superlativ e o f one-syllable
adjectives , add -est.
quick quickest, low •+ lowest
3 To mak e th e superlativ e o f long adjectives
(at leas t tw o syllables), put most befor e th e
adjective, e.g. most popular, most famous.
4 W e can use -est wit h some two-syllabl e
adjectives , and some adjectives ending in -y,
e.g. simplest, happiest.
Which is the simplest?
That was the happiest day of my life.
5 Som e superlative s have irregula r forms .
good-> best, bad-> worst, far-* furthest / farthest
6 Th e opposit e o f most is least.
I bought it because it was the least expensive.
7 W e usuall y use the befor e superlatives .
The oldest rock in the world is in Australia.
8 W e can use superlative s withou t a noun.
My essay is not the longest, but it's the most interesting.
U s e in + th e nam e o f a group or place [class, team, Italy,
world, etc.) afte r a superlative .
He is the most important player in the team.
NOT.. . of the team.
U s e of + plural s afte r a superlative .
This is the hardest question of them all.
132
Practice
A Match the pairs of opposite adjectives and writ e th e superlative forms .
dangerous
interesting
strong we t
good
twt 5
hard-working
old sad
bad
new
boring
short
dry happy lazy
safe weak
1 fondest shortest 2
3 * .... 4
5 * 6
7 * 8 *
B Complete the sentences wit h th e superlatives o f th e words in brackets .
1 Gran is the fittest (fit)
2 Dad is the most tired, (tired)
3 Mu m is the tallest (tall)
I}6u<c6
J i m dan
4
5
6
7
(long)
(big)
has
has
ears.
eyes.
(cheap)
(expensive)
, r ^ c
-
8 has T-shirt.
(unusual)
C Put the number s 1-5 unde r each heading, the n writ e sentence s wit h
superlatives or least + adjective in you r notebook .
D Mak e sentence s using words and phrases
fro m th e tabl e and writ e the m in your
notebook .
The Roe large star
Mount Everest short continent
The Vatican Cit y common mountain
The blue whale bright country
Antarctica high 1 1 VCI
Hydrogen deep lake
Sirius cold gas
Baikal small animal
The Koe is the shortest river,
Writ e superlativ e phrases advertising
thes e things in you r notebook .
1 A computer game: This is the most
ex^ttiruj^ame!
2 A car
3 A mobile phone
4 A dog
5 Afla t
6 A cafe
heavy nice useful interesting fast dangerous
elephant 1 3
horse 4 1
mouse 5 1 4
dog 3
sheep 2
1
5
1 The elephant is the heaviest,
'
-
Circl e th e correc t option.
1 Moscow is the world's city
for foreigners. a expensivest
b more expensive c most expensive
2 The Africa is Kilimanjaro,
a mos t tall mountain of
b talles t mountain in
c mos t tall mountain in
place in the world is El Azizia.
a The mos t hot b Hottes t
c The hottest
The interesting place in the
world is my tow n - nothing ever
happens there.
a least b less c not very
The largest the
American Grea t Lakes is Lake
Superior. a in b from c o f
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Superlative s 133
56 Adverbs of manner
Eat healthily.
^ e* 4 ^ tee. Ke* J W*e f well;tKe«e a refo,r ^a^ M
Whic h foo d is no t a carbohydrate ? a past a b mea t c rice d bananas
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Adverbs of manner
U s e adverbs o f manne r to describe ho w somethin g
happens .
He eats very healthily. They give us energy quickly.
W e usuall y for m adverbs o f manne r by adding -ly to th e
adjective.
bad -> badly, careful carefully
If th e adjective ends in -e, tak e off th e -e.
gentle gently
If th e adjective ends in -y, w e usuall y change th e -y t o /'.
angry -* angrily healthy -> healthily
easy -> easily heavy -* heavily
(un)happy -> (un)happily noisy -• noisily
B UT shy -* shyly
Some adjectives end in -ly, e.g. friendly, lonely, lovely,
silly, ugly. W e don't add -ly t o mak e th e adverb. W e say,
f or example :
He spoke to them in a friendly way.
4 Som e adverbs are th e same as th e adjectives , e.g. early,
far, fast, hard, high, late, low.
a fast car{= adjective), eating fast (= adverb)
5 Well is th e adverb fro m good.
Sleep well.
Well can also be an adjective . It means 'healthy'.
My teacher was not at school today. He is not well.
6 Adverb s o f manne r ofte n com e a t th e end o f a sentence.
Simple carbohydrates provide energy quickly.
A n adverb does not usuall y come betwee n a verb
and th e object.
She plays tennis well. NO T She plays well tennis.
Complex carbohydrates provide energy slowly.
N O T Complex carbohydrates provide slowly energy.
• See page 183 for more spelling rules.
134
Practice
|A Read each sentence a, the n complet e sentenc e b wit h a
suitable adverb.
a They have a healthy diet.
b They eat nealtniltj
I had a bad diet when I wa s a student.
I ate whe n I wa s a student.
I like eating fish because it is quick to cook.
I like eating fish because you can cook it
My little sister is noisy when she eats.
My little sister eats
It was easy to find the restaurant.
b We found the restaurant
a My friend prepared the meal but he wa s very slow.
b My friend prepared the meal
a When he put the food on the plates, he wa s very
careful.
b He put the food on the plates very
Complete th e sentence s using adverbs made fro m th e
adjectives in th e box.
careful early far fas t good happy hard
immediate late sudden
1 My class has studied very hard for our exam.
2 Where is the hotel? Do w e have to go ?
3 My dog loves water, he wil l swim for
hours.
4 I never go on motorway s - I don't like driving
5 My aunt lives in Japan. She speaks Japanese
now.
6 Please drive through the village.
7 It's only six o'clock. Wh y did you get up so
8 My friend invited me to stay and I said 'yes'
9 We were walking in the park when a man
shouted at us.
10 He left home and had to run to work.
TEST !
C Complet e th e sentence s about th e famou s people using
t h e word s in th e table . Choos e a verb and mak e an
adverb fro m an appropriat e adjective .
could dance beautiful
hit brilliant
paint very good
play football hard
play chess quick
run
sing
Rudolf Nureyev could dance beautifully
Leonardo da Vinci
Rocky Marciano
Carl Lewi s
The Beatles
Pele
Garr y Kasparov
Mak e sentence s about famou s people toda y and writ e
the m in you r notebook .
Example : Cristia.no ftstutUo can plau football brilliantly.
/ MY TURMJ
In you r notebook , writ e sentence s about wha t th e
people are doing and how.
h
1 Sne is r\\m,i^ ouidcly / fast.
£»>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>Iv
I Circle the correc t option.
| 1 She always eats a her food quick b her food quickly c quickly her food
• 2 Wash your hands before cooking. a carefuly b careful c carefully
3 She cooks really a good b goodly c wel l
' 4 They worked very in the kitchen. a hard b harder c hardly
I 5 He speaks when he's excited. a sillily b sillyly c in a silly wa y
' • • • • • •••• • ••• • * • ••••••••i • • • • i
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Adverb s o f manne r 135
5 7
Comparative and superlative adverbs
Which will fall faster?
Which wil l fal l faster: a bal l
' of paper or a bal l of wood?
Many people think tha t light object s alway s fal l
mor e slowly . But - remembe r Galileo - if the ball s
ar e the same size the y wil l hit the ground a t the
same time .
iQ In a storm w e se e th e lightning befor e
w e hea r th e thunder. Why?
Becaus e light travel s
mor e quickl y than sound.
Which runs mos t quickly : an ostrich,
an em u or a 100-metre runner?
An ostrich runs mos t quickl y a t
around 56 km an hour. An em u runs a t
about 48 km an hour and a 100-metre
runner a t about 32 km an hour.
Which jumps furthest: a kangaroo,
a frog or a flea?
A kangaroo jumps furthes t - aboutfmetres . But the flea jumps best. It jumps 200 time s it s own body lengthKangaroo
Runner
V Underlin e th e correc t option . A kangaro o can jum p 9 metres / 32 metres / 200 metres.
Comparative and superlative adverbs
1 Ad d more or less t o mak e th e comparativ e for m o f mos t
adverbs .
Light travels more quickly than sound.
Light objects do not fall less quickly.
2 Ad d most or least to mak e th e superlativ e for m o f mos t
adverbs .
Which runs most quickly?
Which runs least quickly?
3 Man y short adverbs , such as early, fast, hard, high, late, long
and soon have comparativ e form s wit h -er and superlativ e
form s wit h -est.
early -> earlier -» earliest, fast -> faster -> fastest
early -> less early -» least early, fast •+ less fast least fast
4 Som e commo n adverbs have irregular comparative
and superlativ e forms .
well-> better-* best
badly -> worse -> worst
far •+ farther / further -> farthest / furthest
5 Us e as + adverb + as whe n tw o or mor e people or
things are equal .
/ work as hard as you.
• See Units 54 and 55 for comparative and superlative
forms of adjectives.
• See Unit 56 for more information on forming adverbs.
136
Practice
A Complete th e table .
adverb comparative superlative
1 badly w5r5 e w5r5 t
2 early
3 more easily
4 far
5 better
6 mos t happily
7 more slowly
8 safely
B Underline th e correc t option.
1 Can you explain your ideas more simply/
most simply?
2 The storm arrived soon/sooner than w e
expected.
3 There are many different types of plane, but
rocket planes like the X-15 fly higher/highest.
4 Special cycle roads mean people can cycle
more safely/most safely.
5 I don't know who plays the guitar badly/
worse -yo u or me!
6 Why aren't you studying? You need to take
your exams more seriously/most seriously.
7 Robots can do many jobs as accurately/
more accurately as humans .
8 O f all the boys, he did the wor k more
carefully/most carefully.
C Complete th e sentence s using th e adjectives
in brackets to mak e comparativ e adverbs .
Circle True or False.
1 A man runs mere stowlij
than a cheetah, (slow) (fru|)/ False
2 A frog jumps
than a kangaroo, (far) True / False
3 Dolphins swim
than most fish, (quick) True / False
4 Light travels
than sound, (fast) True / False
5 A balloon can fly
than a plane, (high) True / False
6 Most plants grow
in the sun. (good) True /Fals e
7 A knife cuts
when it's not sharp, (easy) True / False
8 Most people sleep
in the winter, (deep) True / False
D Complet e th e sentence s using th e adjectives in bracket s to mak e
superlativ e adverbs .
O f all the people I know ...
1 MtjOad drives most stowhj (slow)
2 draws (good)
3 work s (hard)
4 write s (clear)
5 lives from here, (far)
6 sings (bad)
7 sleeps (long)
^^ri^miMTO^^
comparing wha t
Tim , Ji m and Ki m are doing or have done . Us e more, most, less,
least, -er, -est and adverbs made fro m th e adjectives in th e box.
fast happy high hungry quick slow tidy
Example : Tim is eatiruj m-OSt cyxickty.
•mm
| Circl e th e corre c
1 1
1
2
1
1 3
1
1
4
1 5
1
L
Circl e th e correc t option.
M y cat is great: she plays much than my big, noisy dog.
a quieter b mos t quietly c more quietly
Elephant s can live much than people.
a more longly b longer c more long
The bird that flies is the peregrine falcon,
a mostfastl y b mos t fas t c fastes t
Many birds fly a long way, but Arctic terns fly
a mos t far b fares t c furthes t
Sorry, can you please speak ? I can't understand you.
a more slowly b slowlier c more slow
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Comparativ e an d superlativ e adverbs 137
5 8
-ed and -ing adjectives
Is it exciting?
4*
enters really think about
.a S News, technology, the
the world today, rw problems
Here are their answers.
Do this questionnaire
i n y0 « r class. What do the
students in your class think.
-ed and -ing adjectives
1 Man y adjectives end in -ing or -ed.
an exciting day
The United manager was pleased with the result of
the game.
2 Adjective s wit h -ed endings describe ho w w e feel .
The y show our reaction to something or somebody .
No one is interested in my opinion.
I felt less worried after listening to Bill.
3 Adjective s wit h -ing endings describe wha t or
w h o causes th e feeling . The y sho w th e effec t tha t
something or somebody has on us .
Politics is boring.
Sam is amazing - he speaks six languages.
Agree (%) Disagree (%) Not sure (%)\\
Climate change is worrying. 30 17 53
The price of food today is shocking. 90 0 10
No one is interested in my opinion. 69 12 19
Politics is boring. 84 7
OA 9
— i 1 am very worried about crime.
TV advertisements are annoying.
15
65
30
20
55
15
1 It is exciting to live in the 21st century. 42 25 33
4 Som e adjective s have both -ed and -ing endings but there
is a differenc e in meaning .
She is tired. Tennis is a tiring sport.
I am shocked. The news is shocking.
5 Some example s o f adjectives which end in -ing and -edare:
amazing - amazed
annoying - annoyed
boring - bored
confusing - confused
depressing - depressed
disappointing - disappointed
exciting - excited
frightening - frightened
interesting - interested
pleased - pleasing
surprising - surprised
shocking - shocked
terrifying - terrified
tiring - tired
worrying - worried
138
Practice
A Underline th e correc t option.
1 It was a long and very tiring / tired day for her.
2 I'm disappointing/disappointed that you can't
come.
3 It's not a very interesting/interested idea.
4 Something really exciting/excited happened
at the weekend.
5 Bears are terrifying / terrified when they get
angry.
6 When you're nice and relaxing/relaxed, w e
can begin.
7 That's not surprising/surprised news .
8 Jack always looks very worrying/worried
before a test.
9 Shopping is so boring/bored.
10 Is the boss annoying/annoyed because you
were late?
B Add an -ing or -ed ending t o th e
adjectives in th e text.
Time travel is an -interest ii j
concept. It is not
2 surpri s that
people are so interes t in
time travel because the idea is very
romantic. In the 19th century, H. G.
Wells wrote a very
4 excit book
called The Time Machine. It's a great novel and
you won't be
5disappoint if you read it. The
book also shows the dangers of time travel. The
hero is \"shock and confus whe n he
visits the past and future. At the end o f the book
he is lost in time and cannot come back to the
present. Thi s is a 8 frighten finish to the book
and readers who are
9 b o r wit h living in the
present must read it carefully. W e cannot change
the past or know the future so w e mus t live in the
present. The world around us is ful l o f
10 ama z
things. W e don't need to visit the past or future to
have an
n interes t life.
2
C D o you care about th e world ? Complet e th e questions wit h th e
correc t adjectives , the n tic k / you r answer s a, b or c.
You are walking down the street 4 Will robots do all the work in the
and see somebody drop a can on future?
the ground. What do you think? a ) l hop e s 0 V m o f
a) I'm nut surprised work, (tiring / tired)
(surprising / surprised) S b) It's an thought but
b) That's sftoctouj \\ (shocking / it won't happen soon, (amazing
shocked) / amazed)
c) That's OK. c) Perhaps.
There is an election. What do you 5 Does technology make life better?
think? a ) yes, of course.
a) Elections are very b) Yes, but too much change can
(boring / bored) be (frightening /
b) How ! (exciting / frightened)
excited) c) I play computer games six hours
c) What's an election? a day, which is very
Do you think one day there will (relaxing / relaxed)
be too many people in the world
to feed? What do your results mean?
. y, Mostly a: You don't care about the
a) I m not sure. . . * . ,. . . ' , T , world and rind many things bonng. b) Yes and I in very
(worrying / worried) Mostly b: You care about the world
c) I don't care. I'm not
aroun d
y° u
-
in the future. Mostly c: You don't know much about
(interesting / interested) the world around you.
/ Imagine you ar e in thes e situations . In you r
wha t you fee l using -ing and -ed adjectives .
1 You are riding an elephant.
It's e^ctttruj fat I'm a bit scared!
2 You see a snake in your garden.
3 It snows in July.
4 Julia Robert s phones you.
5 You come first in the English test.
6 You hear a strange noise in the middle o f the night.
7 A police officer stops you in the street.
8 You are waiting for your best friend. He / She is late.
• notebook , writ e I
Circle the correc t option.
1 I'm not about the future. I'm sure everything's going to be fine. a worried b pleasing c pleased
| 2 She's so when she talks about politics all the time . She thinks it's really interesting, but it isn't,
a exciting b boring c bored
3 People today are of giving their real opinions. a depressing b annoyed c frightened
' 4 I think all those number s are very - I don't understand them at all. a confusing b shocked c confused I
I 5 The results from the questionnaire weren't a surprising b tiring c surprised I
E S
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1
-ed an d -ing adjective s 139
59 Too and enough
This chair is too soft.
O The lines below are from a famous children's story. Wha t is the story?
a n e e upo n
citime.. .
There's too much sugar in this porridge!
There's not enough sugar in this porridge!
This porridge is just right!
Too and enough
1 Us e too befor e an adjective or an adverb.
It's too big.
N O T It's too
much big.
^ He's driving too fast!
N O T He's driving too
much fast!
Not e th e difference betwee n very and too:
f It's very I
It's too loud!)
This chair is too soft.
This chair is too hard.
This chair is just right!
This bed doesn't have enough pillows.
This bed has too many pillows.
This bed is just right ...
... She's still there!
sjEsg asjLjx puE s>|30|ip|03 :JSMSUV2 Us e too much befor e a singular (uncountable) noun.
U s e too many befor e a plura l (countable) noun.
There's too much sugar.
This bed has too many pillows.
3 W e can also use too much as an adverb.
She eats too much.
4 Us e enough befor e a noun.
There isn't enough salt.
5 Us e enough afte r an adjectiv e or adverb.
It is good enough.
She doesn't study hard enough.
6 W e can sometime s omit th e noun afte r enough, too
much or too many.
There isn't enough.
A: How many pillows are there?
B: Too many.
140
Practice
A Make sentences by putting th e word s in th e correc t
order. Whic h stories are th e sentence s from ?
1 too/lies/H e / many/tol d
He tM t<55 MMMjtteS. Piti6Cckc6
2 The / small / shoe / too / wa s
D Complet e th e sentence s using too, too much, too many
or enough and th e word s in th e box.
3 were / mattresses /enough /
There / not
4 city / in / many / rats/wer e /
There / too / the
5 too/wa s / ugly / He
6 He/too/much/slep t
B Complete the sentences using too, too much or too many.
1 I don't like this weather - it's tCC hot.
2 Why don't you sit down? You wor k hard!
3 A: Did you buy the shirt? B: No, it was expensive.
4 There are people here.
5 A: Can you come out tonight ? B: No, I'm busy.
6 It costs
7 It's late now.
8 Don't ask questions !
9 I can't watch television - I have homework.
C Add enough in th e correc t places in thes e sentences .
1 There's not'Salt. Can you buy some more?
2 There are not wome n police officers.
3 He doesn't work fast.
4 I can't reach it - I'm not tall .
5 Do you have money?
6 There's never time for everything.
7 This camera is small to fit in your pocket.
butter hard money people rain
sweet sweete traffic
1 I don't feel very well .
I've eaten t06 rrvaKX) Sweets
2 You need 10 0 g to make the cake. I only have 5 0 g.
I don't have
3 The young boy pushed his brother and he fell over.
He pushed him
4 It hasn't rained much this summer. The river is dry.
There hasn't been
5 There's sugar in my coffee. I don't like sugar in my coffee.
T h e coffee
6 The ticket s are 10 euros. I have 11 euros.
I have
7 I like driving on empty roads. I don't like driving in the
city.
In the city, there's
8 Thi s class is very full .
There are
Complet e th e questions wit h How much or How many.
The n answe r using too much, too many, not enough or
enough.
1 ffow mack coffee do you drink? K)(5t eftulwjM
2 money have you saved?
3 football is there on TV ?
4 exams do you have every month?
5 tex t messages do you receive?
6 sleep do you get?
7 weekends are there in a year?
8 music do you listen to?
Circle the correc t option.
1 My dad prefers his porridge to be hot. a too b very c enough
2 He sat on his son's chair, but it wasn't and it broke. a strong enough b too much strong c enough strong
3 She ate her porridge , and now she feel s sick. a too quick b quick enough c too quickly
4 Ididn'thave for breakfast, so I jus t hadtea . atoomanytim e btoomuchtim e cenoughtim e
5 A: How much porridge do you eat? B: . W e have it every day and I hate it! a Much b Too much c Not enough
qs 5f 3£ •ez q i :SJ 9 MSU E iisai
Too and enough 141
60 Adverbs of frequency
We always have dreams.
Most adults spend 30% of their lives in bed - but how much do you know about sleep? Here are six interesting facts.
« \" Elephant s often sleep standing up.
* • Animal s usuall y sleep less than humans (maybe one reason why
w e normall y live longer),
ra? Parents of a new baby normall y lose a lot of sleep. Ne w babies
need a lot of sleep but they hardl y eve r sleep more than three hoursat a time.
Sleep is sometime s possible wit h your eyes open. Tr y it!
rar Teenager s don't usuall y sleep enough. The y need about ten hours
but they rarel y have this .
Whe n w e are in deep sleep, w e alway s have dreams , though we
rarel y remember them. Scientist s have neve r understood the real
reason for dreams and they are still a mystery.
W h o sleeps more, a horse or a man?
Adverbs of frequency
1 Adverbs of frequency show how often we do things.
hardly ever sometimes usually
never rarely often normally always
UEUI E :J3MSUV
In negative sentences, adverbs of frequency usuallygo after not. However, sometimes goes before be,
auxiliaries and modals in negative sentences.
We don't always dream.
We sometimes don't dream.
• See Unit 62 for time phrases.
Adverbs of frequency usually go before the main verb of the
sentence.
A new baby normally sleeps badly.
Teenagers don't usually sleep enough.
Do you often remember your dreams?
The adverb of frequency usually goes after the verb be.
Sleep is sometimes possible with your eyes open.
The class is usually in room 7.
Never and hardly ever are negative in
meaning, so we don't use negative verbs in
sentences containing them.
/ never read in bed. NOT.. . never don't read...
When have is a main verb, the adverb goes before have.
New babies normally have strange sleeping habits.
Whe n have is an auxiliary, the adverb goes after have.
I have often visited them.
5 How often...? questions usually need an answer
with an adverb of frequency.
A: How often do you sleep late?
B: I rarely get up late.
• See Unit 30 for How often...? questions.
Usually, normally, often and sometimes
can also go at the beginning or at the end
of a sentence, especially when the adverb
provides the most important information in
the sentence.
Usually I get up late but yesterday was different.
142
Practice
A Put the adverbs in th e correc t places in th e sentences .
1 I usuultij have eggs for
breakfast, (usually)
2 It snows here in
winter, (rarely)
3 Computer s don't
save time , (always)
4 Dad is wrong.
(hardly ever)
5 Do you take the bus
to school? (often)
6 They go shopping
together, (normally)
7 We have barbecues in
the garden, (often)
8 The boss is on time so
don't be late, (always)
9 My mum doesn't
understand me. (sometimes )
10 Ivan has had a mobile
phone, (never)
B How often does Sall y do thes e things ? Writ e
sentences using never, rarely, sometimes, often,
usually and always. (0 % = 0 times ; 100 % = ever y time )
drive to work 5 0 %
wear jeans in the office 1 5 %
remember her boss's birthday 100 %
be late 7 0 %
work at the weekend 0 %
have lunch in a cafe 8 5 %
1 Ski sometimes drives to work,
2
3
4
5
6
C Rewrit e th e sentence s so tha t the y have a simila r meaning,
using th e adverbs in brackets .
1 Simon does the washing-up after every meal , (always)
Simon atwotjs does tde wasainruj-ap q .
2 Mos t o f the time I wea r jeans , (usually)
3 M y sister is not late very much, (hardly ever)
4 Sandra phones me a lot. (often)
5 M y boss has very little time to go on holiday, (rarely)
6 The book is useful about 50 % o f the time, (sometimes)
7 Guest s mus t lock their rooms every time they go out.
(always)
8 I have been to every European country except Portugal,
(never)
/ MY TURN!
In you r notebook , answe r th e questions wit h ful l
sentence s using adverbs o f frequency .
1 Ho w often do you remember your dreams ?
I usiiolttj remember mij dreams.
2 D o you always go to bed at the same time ?
3 Ho w often do you see animals in your dreams ?
4 Has your dream ever come true?
5 Have you ever seen anyone you know in a dream?
6 Ho w often do you wak e up because o f a bad dream?
7 D o you tel l friends about your dreams ?
MlESi!
Circle th e correc t option.
| 1 I on planes. a sleep never b don't sleep never c never sleep
I 2 Teenagers don't like going to bed. a usually b sometimes c never
3 My little sister awake all night. a rarely is b sometimes is c is often
' 4 Our baby slept more than four hours. a hardty ever hasn't b has hardly ever
I 5 bad dreams. a I have sometimes b Rarely I have c Sometimes I have
L _ — — — — — — — — — —
c hasn't hardly ever
3 S Pfr
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Adverb s o f frequenc y 143
A Complet e th e tabl e wit h th e correc t forms .
adjective comparative
adjective
superlative
adjective
adverb comparative
adverb
superlative
adverb
1 quick pucker the quickest qtucktij more quicttij most qiucktu
2 nice
3 easy
4 quiet
5 fas t
6 sad
7 good
8 expensive
9 bad
10 far
11 interesting
12 friendly
B Complet e th e emai l by writin g one wor d in each space.
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Delete Reply Reply All Forward Print
Hi Philip
I'm having a great time here in Warsaw. It's a 1 (^t
nicer than I expected. The weather's been really warm - about 28°C
most days. Yesterday it was too hot to go outside, so we went to a
shopping centre to stay cool.
Warsaw's
2 biggest city in Poland - nearly 2 million
people live here. It's not as big
3 London, but it's 4
much bigger any other cities in Poland.
On Monday we went to the Palace of Culture. It's
5
tallest building in Poland. We went to the top, and we could see the
whole city - it was fantastic. But little Danny didn't see much - he
wasn't tall enough to see over the walls!
The Old Town is amazing - it looks really old, but in fact almost no
buildings are
6 than about 60 years old. We wanted
to eat in a restaurant in the Old Town, but it was
7
expensive than restaurants back home! Can you believe it? So we
bought some sandwiches in the city centre - they were much
o _
expensive than the food in the Old Town.
OK, so now it's your turn to write. You hardly ever write to me ©.
Best wishes
Louise
d
C Complet e each sentenc e b so tha t it means the same as
sentenc e a. Us e tw o to fou r word s including the word in
brackets .
1 a She has a beautiful singing voice, (sings)
b She strips beaatifatuj
2 a Nobody in my tow n drives as badly as Harry, (driver)
b Harry is in my town.
3 a Their house is nearer the sea than ours, (from)
b Ou r house is than theirs. 4 a You are speaking too quietly. I can't hear you. (enough)
b I can't hear you. You aren't speaking
5 a Her new sports shoes wer e very expensive. She
bought them in America. (American, expensive,
sports, new)
She has _ Jshoes. IShe is slower than me at learning English, (more)
She is learning English Iam.
He did a silly dance, (way)
He danced _ JThi s book isn't as interesting as her earlier one. (less)
Thi s book her earlier one.
Today is far colder than yesterday, (warm)
Today is a than yesterday.
D Writ e complet e sentences , putting th e adjectives and
adverbs in th e bes t places . Yo u ma y need to change a to an
(or an to a).
1 W e have a meal in a restaurant on Sundays , (big,
expensive, usually)
We asaat-Uj nave a bi$ meat in an expensive restaurant on
Sundays.
2 I study before an exam, (always , hard, important)
3 Please speak. The baby is. (asleep, more, quietly)
4 I get up when I'm on holiday, (early, hardly ever)
5 You wea r your coat, (blue, never, old)
6 I don't answer my emails, (important, quickly, sometimes )
7 He's a man, but he's, (a bit, boring, nice, very)
8 My car is than my one. (a lot, better, new, old)
9 She laughs and she doesn't smile, (never, often)
10 You eat and you don't eat vegetables, (enough, fresh, quickly,
too)
E Match th e pairs .
1 He's very careful, ^^x-— a He always makes mistakes .
2 He's very careless. ^ — - b He never makes mistakes .
3 It's a bit a windy weather.
4 It's very b windy.
5 I bought an old a big painting.
6 I bought a lovely b Chinese vase.
7 He is an eleven-year-old a today. It's his birthday.
8 He is eleven years old b boy.
9 Bob is as clever a as Mike.
10 Bob is cleverer b than Mike .
11 She's the tallest in a my class.
12 She's the talles t o f b my friends .
1 3 Alan is boring.
1 4 Alan is bored.
1 5 The y don't
1 6 They
a He has nothing to
do.
b He always talks
about football.
a often go dancing,
b never go dancing.
F Mak e thi s stor y mor e interesting by adding
adjectives and adverbs . Yo u ma y need t o change a
to an (or an t o a). Us e th e words in th e tabl e and/or
you r ow n ideas .
adjectives adverbs
angry beautiful
big black broken
colourful dirty fa t
golden good happy
horrible hungry
magic old open
poor sad silly small
strange stupid thin
young
angrily carefully
enough happily
in a friendly wa y
kindly quickly
quietly slowly
sometimes strangely
suddenly very
usually
sitt^oiouj
Once upon a time, there was al)oy called Jack. He lived
qutettt)
Awrui his mother. They were. They didn't have money.
They had clothes. They had jus t one cow.
O n e day J ack's mother told Jack to take the cow to
the market in the city. Jack and the cow walked to the
market. Jack heard somebody calling his name. He turned
round and saw a man. The man was wearing clothes.
'Give me some gold and I'll give you some beans,'the
man said.
Jack thought about it.'I don't have any gold,' he said.'I
only have this cow.'
The man took the cow and Jack took the beans home to
his mother.
Whe n Jack got home, his mother was . 'You boy!' she
said.'You sold our cow for these beans! You arel'Jack's
mother threw the beans through the window and into
the garden.
Revie w 1 0 145
61 Prepositions of place
I've left my keys at home.
Hi Chris! I'm at work, but I've left my keys at home. Could you
bring them?
O f course. Where are they?
I think they're in my room. They're probably in front of you - on
the table. I usually put them next to the photos.
No, they're not there.
Can you see the flowers in the corner?
Yes...
Maybe they're behind them ... or under some books?
Just a minute... there's somebody at the door... Hello, Jess?
The postman found your keys. You left them in the door!
uia m spuLj ueuj^sod s^a>( jaij jso| seq ssaf :sj3Msuy
Prepositions of place
1 W e use prepositions of place in front of a noun or a pronoun to say where
something or someone is.
on the table, under some books, in front of you, next to that, at home
2 Some prepositions of place are in, at and on.
JjJ^^
m t^
ie b°x
at the door on the table
Use in to say something is inside a
larger space.
in the box, in the city, in my study
Use at with a place or a point.
at the station, at work, at the door
3 Note the following uses of the prepositions at, in and on:
The shop is at 42 Culver Road,
(at = point)
The shop is in Culver Road, (in
= inside a larger space)
at
in
on
+ place: A: Where's Jo ? B: He's at the doctor's.
the top/the bottom (of): Look at the exercise at the top of the page.
the end (of): The post office is at the end of the street.
+ city / country: They live in Paris.
a taxi/the car: Let's go to the station in a taxi/in the car.
the north/the south/the east/the west: They live in the west of the country.
the corner: Let's sit in the corner.
the centre: There are a lot of shops in the centre of the town.
the top / bottom shelf: The present's on the top shelf of the cupboard.
the bus/plane/train: The passengers are on the train.
the ground/ first/second/top floor: His apartment is on the first floor.
the left/the right: It's the second door on the left.
TV: There's a good programme on TV tonight.
4 W e don't use the after the
preposition in some expressions.
at home, at school, at college,
in bed
5 Some more prepositions of
place are: under, above, below,
opposite, in front of, behind, next
to, between, outside, near, by
and inside.
under the books
above the clouds
below the clouds
opposite the house
in front of him
behind him
next to the photos
between the houses,
in I inside the house]
146
\"-near / by tne house
outside the house-
Practice
A Where' s Edward ? Matc h th e prepositions fro m th e box t o
each picture.
above at in in front of near next to on opposite
B What' s th e opposit e of... ?
1 on the table under tfie table
2 in the north o f the island
3 at the top o f the page
4 below the line
5 in the shop
6 far from me
7 in front o f the building
8 outside the city
9 at the beginning of the film
C Underlin e th e correc t option .
1 M y cousin lives at/in Sydney now.
2 Be careful! There's some wate r in/on the floor.
3 There wa s a clock at/in the corner o f the room.
4 Look out! There's a car behind/between you.
5 I'm going to a party at/in my uncle's tonight.
6 Th e castle is between/in front of the mountains and
the sea.
7 Are you staying at/by home tonight ?
8 W e drove very slowly. There wa s a tractor opposite/in
front of us.
9 The y live by/outside the sea.
1 0 I've left my bag at/in the car.
1 nejcttO t h e man 2 the bus stop
3 his sister 4 the old man
5 his brother 6 the windo w
7 the cupboard 8 T V
QB3B.
• • • • i
MV TURN!
preposition fro m th e lis t on page 146 .
1 Wher e do you keep your keys? On tne sdetf
2 Wher e do you keep your mobile phone?
3 You've lost something. Wher e do you look for it first?
4 Wher e did you meet your best friend?
5 Wher e does your best friend live?
6 Wher e wer e you born?
7 Wher e do your parents park their car?
8 Wher e are you now?
• • • • i
Circle th e correc t option.
1 I think I left my bag the bedroom. Can you check? a on b at c in
2 I was Lucy's flat yesterday. Maybe I left my glasses there. a at b on c next
3 I think I've found your phone. It's the sofa, but I can't reach it and the sofa's too heavy to move.
a outside b between c behind
4 I was bed this morning when I found my watch. It wa s under the pillow. a in b at c in the
5 Her house is at the end o f this street. It's the last house the left. a at b by co n
...... .
3S E-j? 3£ ez 3 T :SJ 9 MSU E jjsax A w
Preposition s o f place 147
$2 Prepositions of time: at, in, on
It happened at night.
T h e Hindenbur g wa s a Germa n airship.
It exploded o n 6 Ma y 1937 an d kille d 36
people. Th e airship first flew o n Monday , 4
Marc h 1936 an d it mad e man y trips betwee n
German y an d America . I n summe r 1936 the
airship wa s part o f the openin g of the Berli n
Olympics . Th e trip i n Ma y 1937 wa s its first
transatlanti c trip o f the year. Th e Hindenbur g
left German y at night o n 3 Ma y an d reached
Americ a i n the afternoon o n 6 May . Th e
Hindenbur g started to com e dow n but at 7.25
there wa s a problem . A fire started an d i n less
than a minut e the airship (§25ffiS3 - N o one
know s wh y it happened .
Match the dates to the events:
1 4 March 1936 a The Hindenburg goes to America.
O 2 Summer 1936 b The Hindenburg flies for the first time.
3 3 May 193 7 c 36 people die.
4 6 Ma y 193 7 d At the Berlin Olympics .
3fr
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Prepositions of time: at, in, on
1 Use at, in and on before time expressions.
The tragedy happened in 1937.
The story was in all the newspapers on 7 May.
2 Use at for a point in time such as a clock time, meal
time and short holidays.
At 7.25 there was a problem.
I'll see you at breakfast.
There are flights at New Year.
3 Use at with time ' and moment' .
There is a meeting at lunchtime.
I always get up at the same time.
She's busy at the moment.
4 Use in with parts of the day (morning, afternoon,
evening).
It reached America in the afternoon.
It's much cooler in the evening.
5 Use in for longer time periods like months, seasons,
years and centuries.
it happened in the spring.
President Hindenburg died in 2934 .
148
A common expression is in...'s time.
What will air transport be like in 100years' time?
In can also mean
'after' a future time
interval.
I'll speak to you in
an hour.
in the day, on Friday
afternoon BUT at night,
at the weekend
Use on with days and dates.
The Hindenburg Museum is closed on Mondays.
The Olympics began on 15July.
On weekdays, I get up at 7.
W e do not normally use at, in or on before this / that /
some I each / every / last / next.
The airship landed the next evening. NOT.. . in the next
evening.
We go home every New Year. NOT.. . at every New Year.
It will finish next Friday. NOT.. . on next Friday.
W e do not usually use at, in or on before the adverb
phrases later / today / tonight / tomorrow / the day
after tomorrow / yesterday / the day before yesterday.
We're going to Berlin tomorrow. NOT.. . on tomorrow.
He arrived the day before yesterday. NOT.. . on the day
before yesterday.
Practice
A Writ e the tim e expressions fro m th e box under th e
correct prepositions .
2i00 199 9 breakfas t 2 2 June midnight
Monday your birthday 13 September
the afternoon the moment the rainy season
the weekend Thursday tw o years'time winter
on in at
2:00
D Complet e th e tex t wit h on, in, at or - (= no preposition).
Airship Tour s (www.airshiptours.net) offers airship trips
1
ON, weekday s and
2 the weekends . You
can travel 3
any season, 4
the morning,
afternoon or even
5 night. It's a wonderful trip.
Remember, 6
thi s month w e have a special flight
across San Francisco. The trip starts
7 9:00 so you
wil l have plenty o f time to enjoy the views . For romantic
travellers , it's not too late to book a place for the trip
8
Valentine's Day. The perfect present for the
person you love! Thi s trip leaves early so w e hope to see
you all 9
breakfast 1 0
next February.
B Match th e pairs .
1 1 was born on • ^ a March.
2 It's my birthday in — - b 10 March.
3 I'll see you in a Wednesday .
4 I'll see you on b three weeks .
5 Come at a lunchtime.
6 Come on b 15 August.
7 We left school in a 2010 .
8 We left school at b 5:00.
9 The film starts in a ten past three.
10 The film starts at b half an hour.
C Write on, in, at or - (= no preposition).
1 I play golf On Sundays.
2 Is the play — next Tuesday?
3 She'll be fifteen 2 6 May.
4 My family goes to Greece every summer.
5 It's 11 o'clock night.
6 Phoneme tw o days.
7 Are you free this weekend?
8 It was a mistake to go November.
MY TURN!
1 Wha t are you r plans ? Complet e thes e sentence s wit h
tim e expressions .
1 I'm going to watch T V at 7 o'clock, tonujnt
2 I want to go to the cinema at
3 I wil l leave school in
4 I'd like to see my friends on
5 I wil l probably go to bed tonight at
6 M y parents hope w e wil l go on holiday in
time .
7 I think I'll buy some new shoes in
8 I'll have a really good time on
| Circle the correc t option.
| 1 The fire started at a the day before yesterday b the morning c midnight
I 2 I read a book about the Hindenburg on a yesterday b July c Tuesday
3 He first flew the airship in a the 1930 s b his birthday c last month
' 4 A: Whe n wil l you arrive in America? B: three weeks . a O n b In c At
I 5 Two airships flew across the Atlanti c same time. a the b in the c at the
Hrs t • • ••••••••*•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• •
3 S qt7 E £
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Preposition s o f time : at, in, on 149
$3 Prepositions of movement
Get off the boat and swim to the island.
'ake .he road be.weT„ T „ °\" ' ° f th e
^ ™ >
oyer the-JrCX T
Wa
\" < '\" ,
\" * ™ d
-
Vou wi „ come . 0 a b£ ^ G T ' W
°
Sma1
'
h °
U S
« -
and go trir011gl l lh e
» tree. Open th e doo r
*ne . Ther e i s the Ir eas u r e
Take i M L ° ° k
\" nde
\" big
^ . 8 e,o„,beboa,an;go T
t n : : ^ * *
Underline the correct option: O n the island you wil l not see a forest / mountains / houses / pirates.
Prepositions of movement
1 /nto, through, etc. are prepositions of movement.
They show where somebody or something is going.
Walk into the forest
Go through the door.
More prepositions of movement:
across Walk across the bridge.
along She's driving along the road.
between The mouse ran between two chairs.
by You will pass by some shops.
down Jill fell down the hill.
from Has Max come back from London ?
in Jump in the water!
off Get off the horse carefully.
on Spider-Man climbed on the wall.
onto We got onto the ship.
out of 1 walked out of the disco.
over They ran over a big hill.
past You will go past Jim's house.
round (= around] The plane flew round the town twice.
towards The dog came towards me.
to Throw the ball to Simon.
under Go under the apple trees.
up Walk up Oxford Street for 10 minutes.
2 Some of these prepositions can also show position, not
movement.
Walk under the bridge.
She's under the bridge.
• See Unit 61 for prepositions of place.
Don't use to after arrive. Use arrive before at (places)
or in (very big places, e.g. cities, countries).
When you arrive at the hotel,... NOT.. . to the hotel...
I arrived in Paris. NOT.. . to Paris.
Use to after verbs of movement like go, walk, come, fly
and travel.
Don't go to the island.
Don't use to after visit.
I visited my brother. NO T / visited to my brother.
Don't use to before home.
Run home! NO T Run to home!
Don't use go + to + an -ing word.
Use by to show how you travel.
Go by train.
It is faster by plane.
U s e get on / onto and off with trains, buses, planes,
bikes, boats and animals.
Get on your bike.
Get off the boat.
Use get in / into and out ofwith cars (and small boats
and small planes).
/ got into my Mercedes.
Get out of my taxi!
150
Practice
A Rewrite these sentences using different prepositions to
make them mean the opposite.
1 I'm flying to Nice.
I'm. fujiri^ from. K) ice.
2 Get in the car.
3 Walk over it.
4 Jack went up the hill.
5 We got off the train.
6 She is coming from Palermo.
7 I walked from the park.
8 We got onto the plane.
9 Walk slowly away from the lion.
B Where is the mouse going? Answe r using the prepositions
on page 150.
1 Past tde cfieese. 2
3 4
5 6
7 8
C Circle the correct option.
e e e c
Max,
Here are the directions to get 1
my house. If you
come '' train you will arrive
3
Central Station. Go
4 the station and walk
5
the road. You are then on North Street. Go
6
this street. You will walk
7 a
supermarket and a bookshop. My house is number 61. Go
o
the garden - the back door will be open. If you
Q
get lost, you can always go back the station
and get a taxi.
See you soon, Amelia.
1 a in b on © t o d at
2 a by b in c on d with
3 a in b on c to d at
4 a from b out o f c into d between
5 a on b back c through d across
6 a over b to c along d across
7 a over b past c up d at
8 a between b on c at d through
9 a off b by c to d at
10 a in b on c at d to
EH a m
Mark X on the map to show where your treasure
is. Then draw the route to the treasure using
In your notebook, write instructions for
finding the treasure.
1 HI TEST.
a off b across c towards
| Circle the correc t option.
1 The pirate ship went the ocean, from the Caribbean to Africa.
2 The pirates walked us. a through b past c along
3 We came to the island ship, but w e had to swim home, a on b in c by
4 I was hiding the treasure on the beach when tw o pirates came the forest behind me
5 When I arrived the treasure tree, the treasure had gone. a at b to c in
a under b off c out of
Preposition s o f movemen t 151
• •••••• <
A Complet e each sentenc e b so tha t it mean s th e same as sentenc e a.
U s e tw o t o fou r words , including th e wor d in brackets .
1 a It's 10 o'clock now-we'r e going to leave at 11 o'clock, (hour)
b We're going to leave JA M kour , at 11 o'clock.
2 a There's a red house on one side o f our house and another red house on the other side, (two)
b Ou r house is red houses.
3 a Walte r stood behind us while w e wer e waiting to buy tickets , (front)
b W e stood Walte r while w e wer e waiting to buy tickets.
4 a The best time to phone is 3 pm. (at)
b You should phone the afternoon.
5 a W e met her tw o days ago. (yesterday)
b W e met her
6 a They left the shop and went home, (out)
b They came the shop and wen t home.
7 a I went to see my grandmother in Ne w York 12 months ago. (visited)
b M y grandmother lives in Ne w York. I year.
8 a Sorry - I can't help you right now. (moment)
b Sorry - I can't help you
B Complet e th e sentence s wit h in, on or at.
1 There's someone the door.
2 He got his bike and went home.
3 They got up lunchtime.
4 She's asleep bed.
5 The cup is the shelf.
6 Wha t happens the end o f the story?
7 I'll see you Sunday.
8 She was born 1998 .
9 I go to ballet classes Fridays.
10 He's still work.
1 1 We'l l be there about an hour.
1 2 There's a spider the wall .
1 3 It was cold the evening.
1 4 Ou r house is the third the left.
1 5 She arrived the hotel very late.
16 They jumped the water.
17 Wha t are you doing the weekend?
18 Put the box the corner.
C Matc h th e sentenc e beginnings t o th e correc t endings.
1 M y parents got married
2 She has a house
3 A tal l man was sitting
4 W e travelled to Spain
5 Th e Quee n is standing
6 I'll see you EH
7 Please put those CD s
8 Rabbits live
9 I do my homewor k
1 0 W e put the photograph
a on the wal l above the television,
b by plane.
c next to the President,
d into their boxes,
e in five minutes ,
f by the sea.
g in 1992 .
h at night.
i in front o f us in the cinema,
j under the ground.
152
at in off
e n out o f
D Complete th e stor y using th e prepositions in th e boxes .
Scarface sat 1
OH t h e bed in his small
room 2
the prison. 3
midnight he got 4
the bed, took
the knife 5
his pocket and started
cutting the metal bar in the window.
Ten minutes later, the bar wa s cut and
he climbed
6 the hole in the
window.
He then climbed carefully
7 the
wall.
When he was 8
the ground, he
ran9
the corner and
1 0
the prison kitchen. It was very dark. He
waited
1 1
the door and listened
carefully.
down
through
behind into
round on 3?
There was another wall 1 2
the door o f the kitchen.
When he was sure no one wa s there, he ran
1 3
the kitchen
1 4
the wall . Whe n
he arrived
1 5
the wall , he stopped again and listened. He heard a noise - a guard wa s
coming1 6
him.
There was a car 1 7
the wall , so he lay down
1 8
it and waited. He heard the
guard walk 1 9
him and
2 0
the kitchen. He went back
2 1
the wal l
and started to climb
2 2
it.
2 3
the top o f the wal l he could see a car 2 4
him on the other side. It wa s his
wife's car - she was waiting to take him home. He started walking
2 5
the top o f the
wall... when suddenly he fell 2 6
the wall . He landed
2 7
the ground
t w o guards.
at opposite out of
towards towards
into near past
to under up
28
along at below
between off on
E Make sentences by putting th e word s in th e correc t order. Th e firs t and las t word s
are already in th e right places .
1 We / the / 3 / arrived / the / at / o'clock /i n / at / airport / morning.
We arrived at the airport at 3 o'clock in. tne morning.
2 I'll / half / in / meet / in / you / of/th e / an / front / hour/ cinema.
I'll cinema.
3 He / box / out / the / took / into / o f / the / and / put / the / it / pizza / oven.
He oven.
4 I'm / after/ day /t o /th e / her / in / going /visit / hospital / tomorrow.
I'm tomorrow.
5 They / on / eighth / an / live / apartment / in / the /floor.
They floor.
6 I / best / my / next / friend / sit / at / always / to / school.
I school.
7 We / on /t o / usually / by / went / by/wor k /trai n / but /Tuesda y / go / w e /taxi .
We taxi .
8 The / over / the / along / the / road / dog /jumped / ran / and / wall .
The wall .
Review 11 153
'64 Passive: present and past simple
A lot of rubbish is produced.
It wa s cleane d yesterday (it i s cleane d
ever y morning by hotel workers ) but it
is dirty again now. Th e beach i s covere d
wit h rubbish. Why ?
Som e cans wer e left by people having
a picnic.
T h e bags weren' t take n to the bin.
A bottle wa s broken .
Thos e sweet s wer e brough t by some
children but the y weren' t eaten .
Thi s is a small part of a big problem.
Every year 1.3 billion tons of rubbish are
produce d in Europe. Ar e yo u shocke d
by this?
Loo k a t thi s beach .
O Underline the correct option: The best place for rubbish is in the bin / on the beach / in the sea.
Passive: present and past simple
1 W e usually use the passive when we want to focus on the
process or result rather than who or what does or did it.
The beach is cleaned every day.
I am not surprised.
2 Make the passive with be and the past participle
(cleaned, seen, driven, etc.).
Bottles are sometimes used again.
It is made of glass.
• See Unit 2 for forms of be.
3 The negative and questions are formed like this:
Most rubbish isn't recycled.
The food wasn't eaten.
Are you shocked by this?
Were the hotels built in the 1980s?
4 In the past, use was or were. In the future, use will
be.
In the 1970s, less rubbish was produced.
Tomorrow the beach will be cleaned again.
5 If you want to say who or what causes the action,
add by + noun.
A lot of money is made by the recycling business.
Were the dinosaurs killed by a meteorite?
be born is only used in the passive.
/ was born in 1998.
154
Practice
Match th e sentence beginnings to th e correc t endings . If you don't kno w
the answers , look on th e Internet.
1 Tea was invented
2 The euro is used
3 Hydrogen (H2 ) was discovered
4 The women' s football world cup is held
5 The Fiat car company wa s started
6 Dracula wa s written
7 Mos t coffee beans are grown
8 President Lincoln wa s killed
9 The original hamburgers wer e cooked
10 In 200 2 water was found J
by Henry Cavendish,
on Mars .
in the nineteenth century,
by over 30 0 million people,
in a theatre,
every four years,
in Ne w York,
in China.
by Giovanni Agnelli,
in Africa.
D Geral d is talkin g about his jo b as a
dustman . Complet e th e tex t wit h
passive form s o f th e verbs in th e box.
ask break empt y give leave
put sell shock take wake
B Complete th e sentence s wit h passive form s (present and pas t
simple) o f th e verbs in brackets .
1 The Olympic s are watered by billions o f people today, (watch)
2 Nowadays the wor k by computer, (do)
3 Now, prizes every week , (give)
4 The course tw o years ago. (start)
5 In Europe, mos t food in supermarkets , (buy)
6 Latin still in schools? (learn)
7 Gold in California in the 19th century, (discover)
8 Cars all over the world nowadays , (produce)
9 you any information about it? (send)
Radio by Marconi , (invent)
A
I
1 was asked to tell you
about my job, so I'll begin.
I •• up by
my wife at 5 o'clock and I
am at work at 5.45. We go
round and take rubbish from
people's bins. In my area,
6,000 rubbish bins a day
3
Often I
4
by what people
don't need! Yesterday a new TV
5
next to a bin! That
6
very quickly, I can tell you!
I t 7
for 700 euros the same
day. The job can be dangerous. Once a big
bin
8 on the van. It fell off
and my friend's leg
9 She
didn't work for a month but she
1 0
some money to help her.
10
Complete each sentenc e b so tha t it mean s th e sam e as
sentence a. Us e no mor e tha n thre e words .
1 a John took Cindy to the cinema.
b Cindy was tab u to the cinema.
2 a The cat ate the cheese.
b The cheese the cat.
3 a The shop wa s opened by the Queen .
b the shop.
4 a Somebody called the police.
b The police
5 a Wa s it written by him?
b it?
6 a This computer does not accept my password,
b My password
Wha t is done in thes e places ? In you r notebook , writ e
a t leas t tw o sentence s fo r each place using th e passive
and th e word s in brackets .
1 Your neighbourhood, (people, rubbish, streets)
Cubbish is collected. Streets are cleaned.
2 A supermarket, (customers , food, money)
3 A school, (children, friends , lessons).
4 A cinema, (films, popcorn, tickets)
5 An office, (computers , emails , work)
6 A hotel, (beds, food, rooms)
7 A train station, (coffee, tickets , trains)
8 The Internet, (information, websites , emails)
Circle the correc t option.
1 The rubbish to the bin. a is take b is took c is taken
2 The worker s are paid hotels to pick up the rubbish. a by b through c from
3 A lot o f this rubbish fish or birds. a eat b is eaten by c is ate by
4 These birds when they ate these plastic bags. a wa s kill b were killed c was killed
5 How often ? a is the beach cleaned b is cleaned the beach c the beach is cleaned I
Qfr <1£
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Passive : presen t an d pas t simpl e 155
65 Zero and first conditionals
If you study chemistry, you'll never stop learning.
Thinking About Your Future - Why Study Chemistry?
Chemistry is a good
subject to study if you
are thinking about
your future. You'll
be able to choose
from a lot of different
jobs if you have
a qualification in
chemistry. Maybe you
want to find some new
medicine, or solutions
to pollution .. .
If you study chemistry, you will understand how
many everyday things work. For example, if you cut
an onion, it makes you cry. But did you know this is
a chemical reaction? There is sulphur in onions which
turns to sulphuric acid in your eyes. If you cut the
onion under water, the sulphur reacts with the water
and not your eyes.
If you study chemistry, you'll never stop learning.
Find one reason why it is a good idea to study chemistry.
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Zero and first conditionals
1 Use the zero conditional to talk about things that are generally true.
If you cut an onion, it makes you cry.
2 In zero conditional sentences, use if + present tense... present tense.
If you cut the onion under water, the sulphur reacts with the water.
3 Use the first conditional to talk about something that we think is
possible in the future, and its result.
If I see Jack tomorrow, I'll talk to him about the problem.
4 The basic pattern for first conditional sentences is: if + present tense
... will + infinitive without to.
If you study chemistry, you'll never stop learning.
Both parts of a first conditional sentence talk about the future,
even though a present tense is used after if. W e do not usually
use iv/7/ after if.
If you study chemistry next year, you will learn how lots of things
work. NO T If you will study chemistry next year,...
5 Use might or could in the main part of the
sentence to indicate that something is
possible and not certain.
If you have a qualification in chemistry,
you might get a good job.
You could work with antibiotics if you are
interested in this.
• See Units 20,21 and 24 for more information
on could and might.
6 Whe n if comes at the beginning of the
sentence, we need a comma in the middle.
If you cut an onion, it makes you cry.
Chemistry is a good subject to study if you
are thinking about your future.
7 W e can use unless to mean if... not.
I run every morning if it isn't cold.
O R / run every morning unless it's cold.
That plant will die if you don't water it.
O R That plant wilt die unless you water it.
156
Practice
A Complete th e sentence s wit h th e correc t form s o f th e
verbs in th e box.
eat keep kill make melt not mix
1 Ice cream melt s unless you keep it in the fridge.
2 If you put sulphur in water, it sulphuric acid.
3 Ice quickly if you put salt on it.
4 Chillies burn your mouth if you them.
5 If you put chlorine in water, it bacteria.
6 If you put water and oil together, they
B Match th e tw o part s o f each sentenc e and mak e the m into
one whole sentence using if. Decide whethe r to put /fa t th e
beginning or in th e middle .
I see Alice
you'll get cold
we study hard
the men do not leave
What wil l you do
I don't work very wel l
I might go to school tomorrow^
I give you some money
If I see Cilia, I'll till ker to riruj joa.
the army wil l attack
the shop is closed?
I feel better
w e wil l do wel l in our exams
you don't put your coat on
the T V is on
wil l you pay for the tickets ?
I'll tell her to ring you
Complet e th e sentence s using th e correc t
form s o f th e verbs in brackets .
1 If you ptoti this button, water
CCItUJS out. (push / come)
2 If the weather bad this
year, food prices (be / go up)
3 I phone my mum every evening. If I
her, she
worried, (not phone / get)
4 If I to the airport, I
there on time, (drive / get)
5 You can to bed if you
tired, (go / feel)
6 If he he
in the team, (not practise / not be)
7 Wh y don't you leave now? If you
there early, you
more relaxed, (get / be)
8 You very tired tomorrow unless
you working now. (be / stop)
/ MY TURN!
Y o u are planning to go to th e beach for th e
day wit h you r cousin. Copy and complet e th e
sentence s in your notebook .
1 If I arrive late, kt'U be aigrtj
2 If the sun's shining,
3 We'l l stay at home
4 If my cousin's ill,
5 We'l l wal k
6 If we're tired,
1ES1! V.V.!. V
Circle th e correc t option.
1 If you put lemon juice on a go black. a banana it doesn't b banana, it doesn't c banana, it don't
2 Water boils faster if you salt in it. a doesn't put b won't put c don't put
3 If I pass my exams , I chemistry at university. a might study b might be study c might to study
4 The chemicals in cola wil l be bad for your teeth unless them carefully,
a you don't clean b you won't clean c you clean
5 Be careful! If those sweet s in your cola, the bottle might explode. a you put b you might put c you'll put |
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Zer o an d firs t conditional s 157
Second conditional
I'd throw a cake at him if he didn't stop.
Tim wants a job in a restaurant.
The chef interviews him.
Chef: No w Tim , some mor e difficult questions. Don't worry, these are not everyday situations. What would you dothere was a fire in the kitchen?
Tim : I would run away if I saw a fire.
Chef: I see. If a waiter shouted at you, would you do
anything?
Tim : Yes , I'd throw a cake at him if he didn't stop.
Chef: Hmm . If the shops were closed and you needed someeggs, where would you get some?
Tim : If I wanted some eggs, I'd look for a chicken.
Second conditional
1 Use the second conditional for events and situations
which are unlikely, imaginary or impossible in the
present and future.
If I didn't like anything on the menu, I would go home.
(Unlikely: there is usually something you like.)
/ would run away if I saw a fire. (Imaginary: Tim is
imagining a fire that might happen in the future.)
If I were the chef, I wouldn't give Tim the job. (Impossible:
you are not the chef.)
2 In second conditional sentences, use if + past tense
... would + infinitive without to. W e can use the short
forms 'd for would and wouldn't for would not.
If the customer complained, I'd tell the manager.
If Tim worked here, he wouldn't do a good job.
3 The short form answer is Yes, 11 you / etc. would or No, I
I you I etc. would not / wouldn't.
If you were the chef, would Tim get the job?
No, he wouldn't.
Would you run outside if there was a pre in the kitchen?
Yes, I would.
Whe n the if comes at the beginning of the sentence, we
need a comma in the middle.
If the food was bad, there wouldn't be many customers.
There wouldn't be many customers if the food was bad.
Use might or could in the main clause to indicate that
something is possible and not certain.
If you ate Tim's cooking, you might get sick.
You could complain if you didn't like the food.
I could be a chef if I wanted.
See Units 20,21 and 24 for more information on could and
might.
W e often use if + were instead of was after the
pronouns /, she, he, it and singular nouns. This is more
common in formal language and American English.
If it were cheaper, I'd go to restaurants more often.
W e often use If I were you... I would (not)... for advice
and suggestions.
If I were you, I'd find another job.
I wouldn't eat here if I were you.
1 5 8
Practice
A Complete th e second conditiona l sentence s using th e correc t
forms o f th e verbs in brackets .
1 If I k&t my phone, I would botj a new one. (lose / buy)
2 If you the race, you famous , (win / be)
3 If I really bad, I a doctor, (feel / see)
4 My sister to me if I it.
(not speak / break)
5 We to Mar s if too many people
on this planet, (move / live)
6 If you more time, you
another language? (have / learn)
7 If I my name, I it.
(not like / change)
8 you awa y if you a wolf ? (run / see)
B Circle the correc t option.
Interviewer: You're a famous British chef but if you
1
„ . a chef, wha t
would you do?
I would play football if 12
... because I love it. But, I
love cooking too. 13
... all day if my wif e let me.
Wher e
4
.. . to open a restaurant next ?
If 15
... a restaurant in Paris, that would be fantastic. It
would be great if 16
... shop in the market s there.
If that restaurant wa s successful, 17
... more in France.
People think British food is not very good. Why ?
I really don't know. If I 8
.. . why, I would tel l you. If you
9
.. . my cooking, you would never say English food is
bad. If 11 0
.. . you, I'd buy my new book.
a were ® weren't c would be d wouldn't be
a could b can c wil l d would
a cooked b would cook c didn't cook d wouldn't cook
a do you like b did you like
c are you liking d would you like
a had b did have c would have d might have
a would b might c could d did
a opened b might open c might opened d might to open
a know b knew c would know d would knew
a might taste b wouldn't taste c didn't taste d tasted
a am b be c wer e d would
Matc h th e pairs , the n mak e the m into second
conditiona l sentence s using could and might
(not) and writ e the m in you r notebook .
Chef:
Interviewer:
Chef:
Interviewer:
Chef:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1 watch too much TV - ^ a become a pop
2 see a strange light in star
the sky b make my
3 have no friends family very angry
4 learn 70 0 new - c my eyes get
words today tired
5 find a book o f magic d not want to read
6 travel back in time it
7 writ e a pop song e visit Cleopatra
8 spend three hours f think it was a
in the bathroom spaceship
every morning g join a sports club
h not remember
them all
1 ((I watcked too miicfi W, ituj etjes mujdtjet
tired,
/ In you r notebook , copy and complet e a t leas t
fou r o f thes e sentence s wit h If..., using a
comm a if necessary .
1 If I found some moneij on trie street,
I'd give it to a police officer.
2 I'd fly to Peru.
3 1 might jum p out o f the window.
4 The world would be a happier place
5 she wouldn't be very pleased.
6 I would be really worried
7 I'd invite all my friends to a big party.
8 1 couldn't get home.
•••••••••••••• •
! the correc t option.
1 If I found an insect in my salad, I wouldn't it. a eat b ate c eating
2 I'd be a chef if I better at cooking. a would be b wer e c am
3 A: This soup tastes terrible. B: If\" I speak to the waiter, a were you, I'd b would be you, I'd c would be you I'd
4 If the food in this restaurant wer e better, I eat here more often. a may b wil l c might
5 A: If a waiter threw a cake at you, would you eat it? B: No, a I don't b he didn't c I wouldn't
35 > f B £ qz ex :SJ9MSU6 \\isai A\\A/
Secon d conditiona l 159
A Matc h th e sentenc e beginnings t o th e correc t endings .
1 Stonehenge wa s built -
2 Mickey Mouse was created
3 Some people think the dinosaurs were killed
4 Champagne is made
5 Honey is made
6 Chinese is spoken
7 Paper is made
8 Bananas are grown
9 Mice are eaten i
B Change th e activ e sentence s into passive sentences . Yo u don't
alway s need to include by.
1 Somebody stole my phone last night.
M y pdcne was stcUn, Last nidtit
2 They sell mobile phones in that shop.
Mobile phones
3 M y sister gave me this sweater.
I
4 M y aunt cuts my hair.
M y
by a meteor from space,
from trees .
by over 1 billion people.
by snakes.
by Walt Disney.
in France.
about 4,50 0 years ago.
in Centra l America ,
by bees.
5 A famous opera singer taught me to sing.
I
6 M r Hill teaches us to swim.
W e
7 Uncle Brian wil l cook tomorrow' s dinner.
Tomorrow' s
8 I told you to stay in your room.
You
C Complet e thes e newspape r storie s using th e correc t for m o f th e verbs in brackets .
Some verbs should be active and some should be passive .
More bikes stolen from city centre
Las t weekend four bicycle s
1 were Stolen (steal) in the cit y centre. Thi s
brings the total of bikes stolen this month to fourteen. Polic e
2 (think )
there is a gang of bike thieves . 'Th e thieves alway s
3 (use) the same
methods. Ever y time, the chains
4 (cut) using metal cutters
and the bikes
5 (put) into a big white truck. W e kno w it's a
white van because it 6
(film) last night by cameras. '
-mm i 11 —MM——— 1 ^ ^ m9mm$mm mmmmm^m m
New element number 112 has a name
Yesterday, one of the newes t and heaviest element s
7 (give)
a name, Copernicium. Th e element 8
(discover) in 1996, but
i t 9
(add) to the periodic table onl y last month, because other
scientists
1 0
(need) to chec k that there really is such an element. Th e
name 'Copernicium '
1 1
(choose) by Professor Hofmann , the
man who
1 2
(discover) the element.
£1 million
damage caused by
Wednesday's wild
weather
T h e strong winds last Wednesday
night 1 3
(cause) over £1
million worth of damage in the
city. Mor e than 4 0 shop windows
1 4
(break). Several
trees
1 5
(blow
down). Eleve n car s
1 6
(damage) when
tree branches
1 7
(fall)
on them. Si x houses
1 8
(lose) their roofs . Fortunately,
nobody
1 9
(hurt).
160
D Complete th e conditiona l sentence s using th e word s in
brackets. Ad d comma s if necessary .
1 If you (not understand), I (help) you.
If ^oa dent understand, lit kelp you.
2 If Mick (be) taller, he (be) a great basketball player.
If
player.
3 This computer (not work) unless you (turn) it on.
This
on.
4 If I (know) the answer, I (tell) you.
If
you.
5 If I (be) you, I (not wear) that hat.
If
hat.
6 You can't come in unless you (have) a ticket.
You
ticket.
7 Wher e (go) if you could fly?
Where
fly?
8 I might win the competition if I (be) lucky.
I
lucky.
E Complete th e sentence s using th e correc t verb forms .
1 If I met a Hollywood star,
I'd take a pkoto.
2 If I go to the cinema this week,
3 I'd buy a new MP 3 player
4 I'll take an umbrella if
5 If my grandparents phoned me,
6 If I got a car for my birthday,
7 I'd phone the police if
8 If I were invited onto a T V show,
F Complet e th e conversation using th e correc t form s o f
t h e verbs in brackets . Sometime s ther e is mor e tha n
one right answer.
A: So wha t shall w e get for Maggie's birthday?
B: I don't know. Wha t does she want ?
A: Well , if 1 1
knew (know) that, I
2
(not / ask) you, would I?
B: OK.. . but wha t does she like?
C: Well , she loves tennis , of course. W e could buy her a
new racket.
A: Are you joking? They're really expensive. If w e
3
(have) more money, it might be a
good idea.
C: Yes , but if w e
4 (buy) her a cheap one
on the Internet, it might not be too bad.. .
B: Hm m ... I think she's already got a racket.
C: But if she 5
(have) two, she
6
(be able to) play with her sister.
B: No.. . w e shouldn't buy her a racket. W e don't know
anything about rackets. Wha t if w e
7
(buy) her the wrong one... ?
... like a children's racket.. .
... or a squash racket.
Yeah. It 8
(be)terrible.
So wha t do you think? Ho w about tenni s balls?
Maybe ... but it's a bit boring. Ho w
9
(you / feel) if somebody 1 0
(give) you
a tenni s ball for your birthday?
A: Well , if 1 1 1
(be) a tenni s player, I
1 2
(be) happy, I think.
B: Hang on ... I've jus t remembered something. You can
buy night-time tenni s balls. They're made o f some
special plastic. If you
1 3
(hit) them,
they 1 4
(light up).
C: Er.. . why 1 5
(she / want) a night-time
tenni s ball?
B: Well , if she
1 6
(want) to play tennis
outside at night, for example, and she
(lose) the ball, she
(be able to) find it again.
A: It sounds really useful. I think w e should get it.
B: OK , so unless anyone
1 9
(have) any
better ideas, I 2 0
(try) to buy one on
the Internet. If I 2 1
(not can) find one,
or if they
2 2
(be) really expensive, I
2 3
(phone) you and we
2 4
1 7
1 8
(have to) think o f
something else.
Revie w 1 2 161
$ 7 Reported speech
She said she would never have a party again.
Sophie Brown's 18th birthday party was really bad. A radio station told listeners that
there was going to be a party the next day, so many teenagers thought the party
was open to everyone. The teenagers caused 30,000 euros of damage to the Browns'
expensive house. One teenager said he didn't know Sophie but he liked parties.
Sophie said that she felt terrible and that she would never have another party
again. Her father told reporters that he was thinking of getting the radio station
to pay for the damage. Sophie's mother said she couldn't understand why the
teenagers wanted to damage their lovely house. We tried to talk to Sophie again today
but her father says she is not talking to reporters any more.
Reported speech
1 We can talk about what people said or thought by using reported speech.
Sophie said that she wanted a party.
2 If the verb of saying or thinking is in the present, there is no change of
tense for the words reported.
Her father says that she is ill.
3 When the verb of saying or thinking is in the past,
the verb in the reported speech usually moves
into the past.
Sophie told her mum she was sorry.
direct speech reported speech
present simple ] • past simple
'It seems strange.' He thought that it seemed strange.
present continuous ] • past continuous
'1 am staying for a few days.' She said that she was staying for a few days.
can 1 • could
'We can swim very well.' They said that they could swim very well.
will i • would
'It will be great!' She thought that it would be great.
Used to and would do not change in reported speech.
/ used to be Sophie's friend. -*
She said she used to be Sophie's friend.
How old was Sophie? •
9X jaMSuy
The verb in the reported speech does
not need to change if the information
is still true or relevant now.
Sophie told me that she is 18.
That often links the verb of saying or
thinking to the reported speech. That
can be left out, especially in speaking
and informal language.
She said that she wanted a big party. / She said she wanted a big party.
Pronouns and time and place
expressions may change in reported
speech.
we -* they
now -* then
next week -* the week after
this morning -* that morning
tomorrow -* the next day
here -* there
John: 7 love parties.'-*
John said he loved parties.
'There will be a party tomorrow.'-*
A radio station told listeners that
there would be a party the next day.
See Unit 68 for more information on say
and tell.
162
Practic e
A Change these sentences from reported speech into direct speech.
1 Jim said he was tired.
Jim: I nvtired.'
2 Cathy said she wanted to go to Sophie's party.
Cathy:
3 Jim said he didn't know Sophie.
Jim:
4 Cathy told Jim that Sophie was having a party the next day.
Cathy:
5 Cathy also said that everyone was invited to the party.
Cathy:
6 Jim said that he was surprised that everyone was going.
Jim:
7 Cathy said that it would be great if they went together.
Cathy:
8 Jim told Cathy that he would think about it.
Jim:
B Report what the people are saying or thinking. Begin each
sentence with He / She / They said / thought.
i f^> ^T^i 7 7. f l have a lot of
1 'Its my ball!] 2 ^ 3 J worktod o
I need
\"<gj> ^ f?fM<
I'm not answering
your question!
1 f(e said it was (vis bait.
2
3
4
5
6
C Complete each sentence b so that it means the
same as sentence a in reported speech. Use no
more than three words.
1 a John: 'I come from a small town in New
Zealand.'
b John said that de came
from a small town in New Zealand.
2 a Felicity:'I need it this morning.'
b Felicity said she morning.
3 a John: 'We have a lot to do.'
b John told her a lot to do.
4 a Alice:'! am busy now.'
b Alice said that she
5 a Olive: 'Gary, I'll go next week.'
b Olive told Gary that she would
after.
6 a Mike:'I'll phone tomorrow.'
b Mike said he would phone
M V TURN !
It was the morning after Sophie's party. Mr and
Mrs Brown came home and found the house in
a mess. What did they think and say? Write six
sentences in reported speech in your notebook.
Example: Mr Srswrv thought de was fiaviruj
a bad dream..
• ••••*••••• •
\" \"\"-•-fiMMfr\"'\"
• •••••••••••
Circle the correct option.
1 'I like big parties': Sophie says she big parties. a likes b would like c liked
2 'Sophie will be 18 tomorrow': The radio station said that Sophie 18 the next day. a was b would be
3 'You can't have a party next year': Mr Brown told Sophie that she have a party the next year.
a won't b can't c couldn't
4 'Sophie's helping to clean our house': Mrs Brown said that Sophie to clean their house.
a is helping b helped c was helping
5 'I'll come to your party tomorrow': Sophie's friend said she'd go to her party
a tomorrow b this day c the next day
c will be
og a^- D£ qz EX :SJSMSU E
il S 3 l ^ W
Reported speech 163
68 Say and tell
She told me to meet her.
HI JO! WHY
ARE YOU
SITTING HERE?
I ITS NEARLY 8. WHY
DON'T YOU COME AND
SEE A FILM WITH
I ME? PLEASE SAY YES!
I'M WAITING FOR BETH
- SHE TOLD ME TO
MEET HER HERE AT 7.
NO, I'LL WAIT. ^ k i
SHE SAID V \\
SHE WOULD
BE HERE. BETH WAS TELLING
LIES ...
Say and tell
1 Say and tell have similar meanings.
What did he say?
What did she tell you?
2 Use say when it is not necessary to specify who is being
spoken to.
What did she say?
She said (that) she would be here.
3 Use tell or say when you want to mention the person
who is being spoken to.
Tell her your name. NOT Tell to her your name.
She said to me that she was happy.
NOT She said me..., She told to me...
4 We usually use say (not tell) to introduce direct speech.
You must be home by midnight,'she said.
O What do you think happens next?
5 We can also use tell + object + to-infinitive to report
instructions or commands.
'Phone me!'-* She told me to phone.
The negative form is tell + object + not + to-infinitive.
'Don't phone!'She told me not to phone.
NOT She told me don't phone-.
6 There are also a number of expressions using tell +
noun. For example:
tell a joke tell a secret tell the time
tell a lie tell a story tell the truth
My mum likes telling stories. He told me a good joke.
7 Common expressions with say are:
say goodbye say something / anything
say hello c<™tnm/
say nothing
say sorry
say yes / no
I hate saying goodbye.
Please say yes.
164
Practice
A Complete these sentences using an appropriate form
of say or tell.
1 She looks really unhappy. What did you SftjJ
to her?
2 He didn't that he would be late.
3 I'm not sure if he was me the truth.
4 He her to wait.
5 They goodbye at the station.
6 She's going to us everything tomorrow.
7 She didn't anyone she was
going to the park.
8 She she doesn't like cheese.
B Make sentences by putting the words in the correct order.
1 please / phone / number / tell / Can / me / your / you?
Canjoa tdl me^car pftone namber pteasef
2 police officer / did / tell / you / What / the / do / to?
3 were / happy / not / said / customers / The / they
4 Have / problems / anyone / you / about / your / told?
5 She / she / get / up / would / said / early
6 later / will / you / about / I / the / tell / match
7 Passengers / platform 3 / told / go / were / to / to
8 very / well / said / not / My / dad /was /feeling / he
9 go / in/told / not / She / everyone/to
10 told / come / them / We / not / could / we
C Rewrite the sentences in reported speech using the pattern
tell + object + (not) to-infinitive and the words in brackets.
1 'Come back in four weeks.'(The dentist / him)
Tke dentist tdd dim to come back in (oar weeb.
2 'Call back later!' (He /me)
3 'Don't leave without us.' (We / the others)
4 'Wait outside.'(I will/her)
5 'Don't park in front of the house!'(Tell / the driver)
6 'Don't be late!'(I / Simon)
7 'Don't say anything!'(The girl / her friend)
8 'Don't worry!' (He / always / me)
/ Wha t do you think was happening? Write sentences
using phrases with say and tell in your notebook.
1 The girl didn't believe the boy.
Sde tdoa^dt de was teltiruj a tie.
2 Everyone in the class was laughing.
3 The boy went red in the face.
4 The children were listening very carefully to the man.
5 The girl was speaking very quietly to her friend.
6 It was difficult for the boy to speak to his mother.
But afterwards he felt better.
i • • • • • ( *••••••**•••• •_• • • • • • • • • •Circle the correct option.
1 Jo me she was waiting for Beth. a told b told to
2 'There's a great film on at the cinema,'I a told b
3 I told Jo for Beth, but to come to the cinema with me.
4 When Beth arrived, she didn't even say for being late.
5 A: Hi. Are you angry with me? I thought it was still five o'clock,
a say the b tell the c tell a
c said
said her c said
a to wait not b to don't wait
a a lie b sorry c a joke
B: Can't you time?
c not to wait
ift »•••••<
• ••••••• • ••• •••••••••••• * • ••••* • • • • • *•••••* •% • •*»% qt 7 3 £ 3 Z E T \"SJ9MSU E jisai Aw
Say and te// 165
Defining relative clauses
A ball game that is played in many countries
... is a team ball game
tha t i s played in man y
countries . A team has eight
players wh o tak e turn s t o
throw th e bal l agains t a
wall . The players throw the ball
from a cesta (a basket a player
tie s t o hi s arm) . The game is
played in a fronton (a court tha t
h as thre e walls).
The sport has been popular with
famous people in the USA. Paul
Newman was one famous person
w h o played th e sport.
It is an exciting ball game whic h
many peopl e thin k i s th e fastes t
in th e world .
Defining relative clauses
1 A relative clause gives us more information about a
noun.
A team has eight players who take turns to throw the
ball against the wall, (gives more information about
the players)
A fronton is a court that has three walls, (gives more
information about the court)
2 Many relative clauses begin with the relative pronouns
who, which or that.
Use who to refer to a person.
Paul Newman was one famous person who played the
sport.
Use which to refer to a thing, an animal or an idea.
It is an exciting sport which many people think is the
fastest ball game in the world.
Use that instead of who or which in informal English.
Jai-alai is a team ball game that is played in many
countries.
When the relative pronoun is the object of the relative
clause we do not need to repeat the object pronoun.
Handball is a game. People have played it for centuries.
Handball is a game which people have played for
centuries. NOT Handball is a game which people have
played it for centuries.
We can leave out the relative pronoun when it is the
object of the relative clause.
Handball is a game which people have played for
centuries. OR Handball is a game people have played
for centuries.
166
Practice
A Underline the relative
clauses in this text about
the game of squash.
Squash is a racket sport which
bovs in a London school
invented in the 19th century.
It is played by two players in
a court that has four walls.
Players hit the ball around
the walls of the court. The
ball travels very quickly.
Squash is a healthy sport
but it is not good for people who are not very strong! It
has become an internationally popular sport which many
people think should be in the Olympics. But there is a
problem with this. People who come to watch the matches
do not always enjoy them. They find it difficult to see the
ball!
B Complete the sentences with the relative pronoun who
or which.
1 That's the woman who | saw.
2 The school she goes to is outside town.
3 People arrive late have to go to
Reception.
4 The train he's catching leaves in half an
hour.
5 The man lives there is an actor.
6 I've just seen the woman stole your bag!
7 Is that the book your teacher told you
about?
8 Who Wants to be a Millionaire?'is a TV show
is very popular.
C Join each pair of sentences to make one sentence. Use
relative clauses with who, which, that (or nothing).
1 A spade is a thing. You use it to dig the garden.
f) spade is a tdiiuj wrack / tUt^jcu. ase to di<j tfie^arden.
. f) spade is a tkiry ^cu. ase to duj tke^arden.
2 Matkot is a beach game. It is played all over the world.
3 An ecologist is a scientist. An ecologist studies the
environment.
4 Is that the girl? The girl you saw at the party?
QB9B5 A penguin is a bird. It can't fly.
6 I don't know the doctor. He is coming to see you.
7 The actress was in Superman. She is on TV tonight.
8 We're going to the hotel. It's near the beach.
[BIB,
Write definitions for the people anidd thine thingss i inn vou your r
notebook.
1 a sunflower is a flower whick^rows very tail.
2 Neighbours 3 A musician
4 A chef 5 A telescope
6 An astronaut 7 Friends
8 A dinosaur 9 A ring
10 A knife
> • •Circle the correct option. I
1 There are often eight players in ajai-alai game. a what play b that plays c who play |
2 The most important things are very strong arms and good eyes. I
a that you need them b you need c which you need them
3 The first player seven points is the winner. a what gets b gets c who gets
4 The balls are made of rubber. a that they use b they use them c which they use them I
5 Avery high ball down near the back wall is called a chula. a it comes b which comes c which it comes |
qg e-fc D £ qz ?l :SJ8MSU E jjsax Aw
Defining relative clauses 167
13 Review: reported speech; say / tell;
relative clauses
A Change the direct speech to reported speech in the past.
1 'I have to go now, Steve. The baby's crying.'
Vicky tout Steve ske fiad to^o then because the baby was cryiiuj.
2 'You can't go out tomorrow, Frank. Your aunt is coming to stay with us.'
Frank's mum told
3 'Come to my house later, Zoe. I'll show you my photos.'
Sue told She said
4 'I can't play the guitar but I'm quite good at singing.'
John said
5 'We used to have a dog but now we have a cat.'
Tina said
6 'Please put your coats here, children. You can collect them later.'
The teacher told the and that
7 'I'd like to speak English as well as you, Paula.'
Greg told
8 'If you don't stop talking, I'll phone your mother.'
Their grandmother said that
B Read this police officer's report and change the reported speech (underlined)
to direct speech.
POLICE REPORT
I was walteing through the parte yesterday afternoon when I saw
a young man. He was. speateing very loudly on a mobile phone.
I told him. 1
to stop talking . The ma n said that 2
he couldn't
because he was talking to his friend, He told me that 3
his friend
was, am^ry with him,. He said 4 he would be very very angr y if he
turned the phone off.
I told him that 5
I would be very very very avu^ri^ If he didn' t tur n
the phone off. He told his friend that
fehe couldn't talte ric^ht then
because a policeman wanted to talte to him. He tunned the phone off.
I told him. T
I was lootei-ng for a criminal. I said that
s I wanted
to loote i n his bacy He told me- 9
I couldn't because it was full of
stolen money from the bante. I laughed because I thought ± 0
he was
jotelng. \"&ut then he ra n away ...
1 'Please stop tatlatuj,
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
168
C Match the pairs.
1 He thinks a she is very nice.
2 He thought b she was very nice.
3 She told a a truth
4 She told the b lie
5 He said a her that he loved her.
6 He told b to her that he loved her
7 She said a 'I'm sorry.'
8 She told him b she was sorry.
9 He said a a story.
10 He told b nothing.
D Complete each sentence b so that it means the same as
sentence a. Use two to four words, including the word
in brackets.
1 a 'Don't be late,'Charles said to Pamela, (not)
b Charles told Pamela not to be late.
2 a The children listened to Bill's story, (told)
b Bill story.
3 a Tm sorry I broke your pen, Rob,'said Adam, (said)
b for breaking Rob's pen.
4 a Barry told Sylvia that he didn't like her. (I)
b Barry said,' , Sylvia.'
5 a He said he'd study the next day. (I'll)
b He said' .'
6 a I'll say something to you, but you mustn't tell
anybody, (you)
b I'll secret.
7 a 'I used to live here,'he said, (that)
b He said live there.
8 a She lied to me about her age. (told)
b When I asked her about her age, she
E Combine the pairs of sentences into one sentence,
using which or who.
1 The shop closes at 7.00. We want to visit it.
The shop which we want to visit closes at 7.00.
2 The photo is terrible! You took the photo of me.
3 The student is from China. I'm teaching her.
4 Where did I put that book? I was reading it.
5 I met someone. He went to primary school with you.
6 Was the doctor nice? You saw her.
7 The bus doesn't stop here. It goes to the town centre.
8 The people live next door. They have eight cats.
9 Was the present expensive? You gave the present to me. 10 People are usually healthy. They run every day.
Match the sentence beginnings to the correct endings,
then write them below. Add the relative pronouns who or which only if they are necessary.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
6
Atie is something
A shopaholic is a person
An insect is an animal
A pet is an animal
Mercury is a planet
Oxygen is a gas
A pilot is someone
A poet is someone
Yoga is a type of exercise
many people enjoy.
has six legs.
flies a plane.
writes poems.
you wear with a shirt.
we need to live.
you look after at home.
loves shopping!
is very close to the sun.
2
7
3
8
4
9
1 f) tie is something ^joa wear with a shirt.
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Review 13 169
0 Linking words: and, but, or, so, because
What is 6,700 km long and made of stone?
The Great Wall of Chin a is 6,700 k m long an d i t goes from
the east to the wes t of China . The Wall was started more
than 2,500 years ago, bu t the biggest par t was buil t m the
Ming dynasty (1368-1644).
The Mings needed the Wall becaus e enemies were coming
from the north. MiUions of people - free people an d slaves
- buil t the Wall o r guarded it . They worked day an d night .
They guarded the Wall during the day an d buil t i t at night .
They didn' t build i n the morning o r afternoon becaus e i t
was often very hot an d uncomfortable i n the day.
The Wall is very old, so some of i t is broken, bu t there are
still many beautiful sections.
i i >
liri
iii '
\"in .
M r
1
Underline the correct option: The Mings were builders/emperors/slaves.
Linking words: and, but, or, so, because
1 Use and, but, or, so and because to link two or more
words, sentences, or parts of sentences.
day and night
the morning or afternoon
It was hot, so people worked at night.
2 Use and to add information.
/ left my hotel and walked to the Wall,
a warm and beautiful night
In a long list, separate the items with commas (,),
but remember to put and before the last item.
Chinese, Japanese, Thai and Korean
170
3 Use but to contrast information.
/ love China but I don't like the food much,
nice but expensive
4 Use orto show alternatives.
Do you want to see the old town or go to the beach?
Don't shout or scream.
5 Use so to show the result of something.
The Wall is very old, so some of it is broken.
They worked all night, so they were tired in the morning.
6 Use because to show the reason for something. Because
usually goes in the middle of the sentence.
The Chinese needed the Wall because they had enemies.
If you put because at the beginning of the sentence, you
need to use a comma.
Because you speak Chinese, you can buy the tickets.
Practice
A Match the pairs.
1 I sat down
2 I ran five km,-
3 I want to go out
4 It's Monday
5 Did you finish the test
6 Did you fail the test
7 Sarah looks older
8 I know Sarah
9 We can go for a meal
10 I don't have much time
a so I was tired,
b because I was tired.
a and it's raining again,
b but it's raining again.
a and did you pass?
b or did you pass?
a but she is in the same
class as me.
b because she is in the
same class as me.
a but we can have a coffee,
b or we can have a coffee.
B Complete the sentences using and, so, but, or, because.
1 It's very late, SO g o to bed.
2 Please come visit us in the summer.
3 Do you want to stay here do you need to
get home?
4 It's a big house my bedroom is small.
5 We're ready, let's go.
6 John finished university got a job.
7 Lucy was happy she got a present.
8 We can watch it at the cinema buy the
DVD You choose.
C Join each pair of sentences using linking words and write
them in your notebook.
1 Sally went to bed. She felt tired.
Salty went to bid because she felt tired.
Felix is friendly. His sister is really nice.
My dictionary is very small. The word isn't in it.
The party was OK. I felt a bit bored.
Have you been to Italy before? Is this your first time here?
I opened the bag. I saw the money.
Trevor can't sleep. He drank a lot of coffee.
We heard a strange noise. I phoned the police.
D Join some of the sentences in this story using
linking words.
so^joa
This is an interesting storyPVeu will like it. Shen-Nung
was an Emperor. He lived in China. One day he went
into the garden. He sat under a tree. It was a beautiful
day. It was too hot. It was too dry. Shen-Nung was
thirsty. He asked for a drink. Shen-Nung could drink
something cold. He could have a cup of hot water. The
Emperor chose hot water. It was his usual afternoon
drink. He waited. The servant brought the hot water.
Shen-Nung closed his eyes. He felt tired. He felt
sleepy. Some leaves fell from the tree. They went into
his cup of water. Shen-Nung woke up. He took his
cup. He drank the tea. He didn't notice the leaves. The
new drink was unusual. The new drink was very tasty.
He made another cup of hot water with leaves. ShenNung is now famous. He invented tea.
Copy these sentences into your notebook and
complete them using and, or, so, but and because.
At the weekends I JO sdoppiruj or see nuj friends
This morning I got up
I like the place where I live
4 is difficult for me
5 When I leave school I might or
1
2
3
6 made me angry
7 I want or
my birthday.
English is important for me
Pollution is a problem
for
8
9
10 Two things I need for happiness are
1ES1!
I Circle the correct option.
| 1 Some people say you can easily see the Great Wall from the moon, it's not true. but
2 You can't see the Wall from the moon it's only 9 metres wide. a and b so
3 Some people use the Wall's stones for building, parts of the Wall are broken.
4 I want to goto China to visit Beijing visit the Great Wall. a because b and
5 Nobody wanted to destroy the Wall build a road. a or b but c so
a or b
c because
a and b but
c so
c so
c so
___ _ __ J
B S W 3 £
JZ q i :SJSMSU E j }S3] _ Aw
• » • • • I • • • • • I
Linking words: and, but, or, so, because 171
1 Time and sequence adverbs:
first, then, afterwards
After lunch we visit the Peguche waterfall.
Ecuadoria n Ande s Tou r
The two-day tour of the
Ecuadorian Andes starts from
a five-star hotel in Quito. First,
we'll take you on a beautiful
drive, then for lunch at a local
restaurant on the San Pablo
lake. Next, we'll take you to the
volcanic lake of Cuicocha. At
night we will stay at a 17thcentury hotel.
The next morning you are free
to visit the market in Otavalo.
Afterwards, we'll visit the
Peguche waterfall, and finally,
we'll have a lovely drive back to
the five-star hotel in Quito.
Put the events in the correct order:
a Visit the market,
b See the waterfall,
c Drive back to the hotel,
d Have lunch at the restaurant.
3 'q 'E 'p J9MSUV
Time and sequence adverbs: first, then,
afterwards
1 Use these words to describe the order of events:
first, next / then, afterwards, finally
2 Other phrases similar to afterwards include after that
and after + noun.
The next morning, you are free to visit the market in
Otavalo.
Afterwards / After that / After lunch, we visit the
Peguche waterfall.
We don't usually use after as an adverb.
After the class we are going to the museum.
NOT After we arc going to the museum.
When we describe a process, we can also use ordinal
numbers to describe each stage, e.g. first, second, third,
fourth, fifth, sixth. We can use finally for the last part of
the process. We usually use commas after these words.
First, turn the machine on. Second, take a cup. Third,
choose water or juice. Finally, press the green button.
172
Practice
A Complete this
postcard using the
words in the box.
afterwards finally
first - next then
Xs*i having ajteat H/yte. in Sici/y! &Oe attlved at
the ait pott this ^rotnina and ^ then had
2
f< tout of Pcjet/yio. Tin Pa/et/yjo^ , toe
3
Visited the cathedtaj', t/?e Church
4
of Mattotana and toe ttave//ed to
Montea/e. 6<Je ate staying in a /note/ tonight.
To/nottoto /yjotnincj toe ate visiting the theatte
m '/aot/yfina. ^ toe ate cjoincj to the
PaJazzo Cotvaja. Oat /ast visit is to the top
of Mount Etna in a Coach- See you Soon!
B Describe the process of taking money out of a cash machine.
Use time and sequence adverbs and the words in the box.
bank card pin code amount of money wallet
1 . first, pat^cur bank card in the machine.
2
3
4
5
6
Complete the sentences using first, second,
then, after that or finally. Sometimes more
than one answer is possible.
1 Do your homework. Then you can
go out.
2 , listen to all the instructions.
Then write your answers.
3 We're not ready to leave yet. ,
we need to check the bikes. ,
we need to repair the tent and
we need to buy some food.
4 Put the sugar in a bowl and
add the eggs.
5 We had breakfast early. we
went to the beach.
6 It was a good class we learnt
about rivers. we saw a film
and we talked about river
pollution.
7 The best advice I can give you about money
is to save first and spend.
Think of a food or drink you know how to
make, e.g. a cake, a cup of coffee. Write
sentences describing how to make it in your
notebook. Use time and sequence adverbs in
your description.
Example: first, cat tw6 slices cf bread.
Circle the correct option.
1 When you arrive at the airport, first, collect your bags , go through Passport
Control. Third, go to the Arrivals hall and look for a man with 'Super Peru Tours' on a sign, a Two
2 breakfast in Cuzco, we'll drive you to Pisac. a Afterwards b After that c After
3 After .we'll take you to your hotel in Yucay. a then b that c this
4 The next morning we'll take the early train to Machu Picchu for a tour.
We'll have a two-hour tour, and you will have some free time.
5 .we'll return to the hotel in Cuzco. That's the end of the holiday.
a then b second c
a Finally b After
b Second c After
after
c Second
— —
B S B 1 7 ~>Z q i :SJ3MSU E |iS9iAw
Time and sequence adverbs: first, then, afterwards 173
2 Both, either, neither
They both live in a fantasy world.
The Golden Compass is a story of both magic
and adventure.
Lyra and Roger are friends. Both children enjoy
playing and having fun but neither Lyra nor Roger
is an ordinary child. Both of them live i n a fantasy
world. Neither child understands how dangerous this
world is.
The strangeness of their worl d doesn't worr y either
of the children. But then other children around them
start to disappear. Neither of them knows why and
both are frightened.
One day even Roger disappears. There are two things
Lyra can do. She can either stay at home or travel to
the terrible North to find her friend. Both options are
dangerous. What wil l Lyra do?
Underline the correct option: Lyra is Roger's daughter/friend/wife.
puauj :J3MSU V
Both, either, neither
1 Both = A and B. Neither = not A and not B. Either = A or B.
Both compasses show north.
Neither is working.
Don't use either.
2 Use both either before or after nouns, but only after
pronouns.
Lyra and Roger both feel afraid.
OR Both Lyra and Roger feel afraid.
We both like fantasy books.
3 Use both of before plural personal pronouns: both of us /
you/them.
Both of us read it.
They will find both of them.
4 Use either and neither before singular nouns.
Either day at the weekend is fine.
Neither child understands.
5 Use either of and neither of before plural nouns and
pronouns.
Do either of you understand?
Neither of them knows why.
6 We can use both... and, either... or, neither... nor to
join nouns, other kinds of words, phrases and even
sentences.
... a story of both magic and adventure.
The children neither know nor care.
... either take the train or the bus.
7 We can use both, either and neither on their own as
pronouns.
A: Do you want a sandwich or a pizza?
B: Both! I'm hungry!
C: Either! One of them - it doesn't matter which.
D: Neither! I don't like sandwiches or pizzas! I want
a hot dog.
174
Practice
A Underline the correct word.
1 There are two nice cakes. Both / Neither are delicious.
2 Either/Both Russia and Korea are next to China.
3 A: Do you want an apple or a banana?
B: Both/Neither. I'm not hungry.
4 We saw both/both of them at the station.
5 I'm not busy on Monday and Tuesday. Either/Neither day is
good to meet.
6 We didn't pass the exam, so either of/neither of us is happy.
7 I have a sister. We both/neither like football.
8 My computer is slow. It's either/neither broken or it's very old.
B In your notebook, compare Lyra and Roger using Both/Neither
of them... and Both/Neither Lyra and/nor Roger....
Lyra Roger
1 Where do you come from? Oxford Oxford
2 Do you like Oxford? No No
3 Can you use a compass? No No
4 Do you feel afraid? Yes Yes
5 Have you been to the North? No No
6 Would you like a map? Yes Yes
7 Do you know where the children
are?
No No
1 SofcK. of them come from Oxford. / Soth Lyra and ftyer come from Oxford.
C These symbols are used in computer logic. Make sentences using
both... and, either... or and neither... nor.
= both... and = either... or J]}\"
= ne
'
tner -
no r
1 A computer is J^)-on/off.
f) computer is either on or off.
2 Programming is J3\" a science / an art.
3 Computer logic is difficult / boring.
4 The symbols are clear / useful.
5 The software is ~^)\" free/very cheap.
6 You need lJ3\" a monitor / keyboard.
Complete the dialogue using both (of), neither
(of) or either (of).
Andrew: Hi, Clare. Have you see seen those two
DVDs I bought? I can't find : either of
them.
They are 2 on the coffee table.
You should take them back to the shop.
3
them will play.
Really? I watched 4 on
Tuesday and they were OK.
Well, they don't work now. Take them
back to the shop. You can 5
exchange them or get your money back.
I didn't like 6
, anyway.
Andrew: I thought 7
films were good.
8
you like those kinds of films
or you don't.
Clare:
Andrew:
Clare:
/ In your notebook, write sentences about you and
your best friend using both (of) and neither (of).
(Think about your favourite things; what you do
every day; your family and friends; what you can /
can't do and have / don't have.)
Example: (Oe were both born in, 2000,
i ••••i
1
Circle the correct option.
1 I love The Golden Compass. I
enjoyed the film and the
book. a neither b both of c both
2 Lyra travels between her world and ours, but
she doesn't feel comfortable in
a neither of b either c either of
3 Neither Lyra's mother her father
understands her.
a or b nor c neither
4 Both Lyra and Roger leave Oxford, but will
ever come home again?
a either them b they either
c either of them
5 A: Who wrote the book? Was itJK Rowling
or Lemony Snicket? B: It was
Philip Pullman.
I a Nor b Neither c Either
qS 3fr q£ m 3T:sJ9Msuejjs3iAy\\/
• • • •
Both, either, neither 175
Word order
Outside the port today
Evenin g Times , 2 5 Jul y
New s i n Brie f
Police are looking for the driver of a car which hit
a tree by the side of the M79 motorway. The car
was found earlier today.
Last night Fogmouth port was closed because
of strong winds.There were long lines of trucks
outside the port today. I have been here for
ten hours,' one driver told us angrily.
The Fire Service was called to a fire in
Rexbrook town centre yesterday The fire started
in some rubbish in Kelly Road at about 9.10 p m
Word order
1 Common expressions of time:
in the winter
in the afternoon
on Sunday
on Mondays
at the moment
at 9 o'clock
at lunchtime
for ten years
today
tomorrow morning
next week
last month
yesterday
daily
every year
early
again
now
then
recently
these days
at this time
Answer the questions.
1 When was the car found?
• 2 When was Fogmouth port closed?
3 Where did the fire start?
UMOj >|oojqxay u\\ peoy A]|a>| u\\ qsiqqru
aujos uj £ jq § ! U jse| z Aepo} jsjijea \\ :SJ3MSU V
If there is more than one of these at the end of a
sentence, the order is usually: manner, place, time.
There were long queues of trucks outside
Fogmouth port today, (place + time)
She brushed her teeth carefully at bedtime.
(manner + time)
He ran quickly to school in the morning.
(manner + place + time)
• See Unit 56 for more adverbs of manner.
2 Common expressions of place:
here
there
upstairs
in Italy
in Milan
in Ford Street
in the town centre
at the bank
at the end of the street
near the church
outside the fire station
An adverb does not usually come between a
verb and the object.
They closed the port yesterday.
NOT They closed yesterday the port.
• See Unit 1 for more information on word order.
We usually put expressions of time and place and adverbs of
manner at the end of a sentence. Sometimes we put them at
the beginning.
The Fire Service was called to a fire in Rexbrook town centre.
The police came immediately.
Last night Fogmouth port was closed because of strong winds.
176
A Underline the expressions of time and place in these short
news stories and mark them either t (time) or p (place).
1 Police are looking for three men who stole money from a restaurant
in^Market Place. The robbery happened at Tony's Diner at 8 pnA>n
Monday.
2 There are plans for new buildings at the Barton Hospital.
Work will start on the old people's buildings in the summer.
3 Rory Wright could play for Barton Football Club again. The
club hopes the 23-year-old player will return next month.
4 The headteacher of Stoke Fields Primary School has retired at the
age of 65. Ian Fletcher has worked at the city centre school for 18
years. Mr Fletcher owns a house in Florida. He plans to move there.
C Add more information to the news stories by
putting the expressions in the right places.
1
last week on Sunday evening
outside the port
B Complete the dialogues by putting the words in the correct order.
Sometimes more than one answer is possible.
1 A: What time do we leave in the morning?
B: (Oe need to leave eartij. (we / early / leave / to / need)
2 A: Have you been to the holiday apartment recently?
B: Yes, (last / week / there / was / I)
3 A: Do you know this town?
B: Oh yes, (years / lived / have / for / here /1)
4 A: When do you go to the gym?
B: (Tuesdays/ I / on/go/there)
5 A: Do you know where the town hall is?
B: (now / am / I / there / going)
6 A: Have you read the information?
B: No, but
(I / it / at / look/ tonight / carefully / will)
7 A: Have you seen my bag?
B: (was / upstairs / it / morning/this)
8 A: Where are we meeting?
B:
(are / outside / at / we / school / the / meeting / 9.15)
QQSfl.
Three young men were r.escued from a boat
last weet
near Fogmouth por^The boat hit large rocks.
No one was hurt.
at home from St Francis Zoo
recently yesterday
A bear escaped. Police told people to stay.
A number of animals have escaped from
the zoo, including a rare white tiger.
Copy and complete the sentences in your
notebook using appropriate expressions
of time and / or place.
1 The baby was born at the hospital last nyfit
2 Buses go
3 I was
4 Shall we have the party ?
5 I'm going to meet her
6 Could you give him the present ?
7 I love going
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — i
Circle the correct option.
1 Police stopped a woman driving
a dangerously in the city last night b in the city dangerously last night c in the city last night dangerously
2 the new airport. a Tomorrow the president is going to open
b The president tomorrow is going to open c The president is going to tomorrow open
3 Most teenagers don't do
a outside enough sport these days b these days enough sport outside c enough sport outside these days
4 Lynn Green played a chess well last Tuesday b chess last Tuesday well c well chess last Tuesday
5 13-year-old Harry White has made over £1 million buying and selling on the Internet. 'I spend ,' he said.
I
a at the moment all my free time there b all my free time there at the moment c there all my free time at the moment I
q5 Ef 3£ ?z B T :sJ3/wsue jisai Ayv
Word order 177
A Complete the sentences using the expressions in brackets.
Remember the usual order is: manner, place, time.
1 She climbed sfowty Upstairs
(slowly / upstairs)
2 I have an appointment
(in the park / at 11.00)
3 Can you meet me
(at the hospital / next Monday)
4 I always eat
(at lunchtime / quickly)
5 You don't see young people
(in this cafe / these days)
6 People must drive
(carefully / on Saturdays / in the town centre)
7 He's staying
(in Barcelona / on holiday)
8 I saw him
(here / last week)
9 Can you swim
(now / well)
10 I'm not studying
(at the moment / at school / hard)
B Underline the correct options.
1 It's hard work or/but I enjoy it.
2 I walk everywhere. I don't have a car and/or a bike.
3 I stayed at home on Saturday so/because I thought Andy would
visit.
4 I thought Andy would visit, so/because I stayed at home on
Saturday.
5 Amy got up too late, so/because she missed the bus.
6 Amy missed the bus so/because she had got up too late.
7 I'd like to buy this shirt for Charlie, and/but do you think it will be
big enough?
8 I went back to the village and/or saw all the places I used to play
in.
9 My sister and I both/either like rock climbing.
10 I haven't been there either/neither.
C Make sentences by putting the words in the
correct order.
1 arrived / both / late / us / of
Both of us arrived late.
2 neither / nor / see / hear / I / him / could
I
3 stay / I / go / I / do / or / do?
Do
4 after/ spoke / he /game /the/the /
players / to
After
5 wasn't / the / either / joke / clever / funny /
or
The
6 were / because / late / angry / they / was /1
Because
7 playing /team /was /neither /well
Neither
8 colds / my mum / my dad / have / and /
both
My
178
Make one sentence from each pair using the linking words: and,
because, but, or, so.
1 They sat down. She asked their names.
Tketj sat down and she asked tneir names.
2 My computer is very slow now. I'm getting a new one.
3 Would you like a sandwich? Have you had something to eat?
4 I need some new shoes. These are really old.
5 I've joined the club. I'll get tickets half-price.
6 He loves music. He can't sing very well.
7 Laura agreed to help them. They had been kind to her in the
past.
8 Just knock on the door! Go in!
9 I'll give you the book at school tomorrow. I'll bring it to your
house later.
10 I'm going to the party. I have to leave early.
F Complete the text using the words and
expressions from the box.
and at midnight at the school because
both but but finally in 1989
in New England so
The film Dead Poets Society was made
1
in M i It is still a very
popular teen movie2
its message is that a man should think for himself.
The film takes place3
in the 1950s. The main characters in the film are
new schoolboys Neil and Todd
4
a new English
teacher, Mr Keating. The two boys
5
have difficult
fathers who want them to do well
6
.They soon
become friends. The school and the parents are
very traditional, 7
Mr
Keating is a young free-thinking teacher. Mr
Keating helps the boys to be different. They form
a poetry club which meets to read poems
8
The headteacher
becomes worried about Mr Keating's classes,
9
he tells the new
teacher to leave.
1 0
Mr Keating has
to agree,1:
he has
changed the boys' lives forever.
Put the sentences in the correct order and complete them with
the time and sequence adverbs from the box.
after five or ten minutes finally first second then
The perfect lunch.
, cut into pieces and enjoy!
, put the bread and cheese back in the oven at 180° C.
first , warm some broad in the oven.
, put some cheese on top.
, take the toast out of the oven and put some tomato on top.
1 first, warm some bread in the oven.
2
3
4
5
Review 14 179
statement negative questions
Present simple
l/you/we/they
he/she/it
work
works
do not work
(1 don't work)
does not work
(he doesn't work)
Do 1 work?
Does he work?
Present continuous
1
you/we/they
he/she/it
am working
(I'm working)
are working
(you're working)
is working
(it's working)
am not working
(I'm not working)
are not working
(you're not / you aren't
working)
is not working
(it's not /it isn't working)
Am 1 working?
Are you working?
Is it working?
Past simple
l/you/he/she/it/we/they worked did not work
(you didn't work)
Did you work?
Present perfect
l/you/we/they
he/she/it
have worked
(they've worked)
has worked
(she's worked)
have not worked
(they haven't worked)
has not worked
(she hasn't worked)
Have they worked?
Has she worked?
180
infinitive past simple past participle infinitive past simple past participle
let let let
lie lay lain
light lit lit
lose lost lost
make made made
mean meant meant
meet met met
pay paid paid
put put put
read read read
ride rode ridden
ring rang rung
rise rose risen
run ran run
say said said
see saw seen
sell sold sold
send sent sent
shine shone shone
shoot shot shot
show showed shown
shut shut shut
sing sang sung
sit sat sat
sleep slept slept
speak spoke spoken
spend spent spent
stand stood stood
steal stole stolen
swim swam swum
take took taken
teach taught taught
tear tore torn
tell told told
think thought thought
throw threw thrown
understand understood understood
wake woke woken
wear wore worn
win won won
write wrote written
Appendices 181
be was/were been
seat beat beaten
Decome became become
jegin began begun
bite bit bitten
Dlow blew blown
break broke broken
bring brought brought
build caught caught
buy bought bought
catch caught caught
choose chose chosen
come came come
cost cost cost
cut cut cut
do did done
draw drew drawn
drink drank drunk
drive drove driven
eat ate eaten
fall fell fallen
feel felt felt
fight fought fought
find found found
fly flew flown
forget forgot forgotten
get got got
give gave given
go went gone
grow grew grown
hang hung hung
have had had
hear heard heard
hide hid hidden
hit hit hit
hold held held
hurt hurt hurt
keep kept kept
know knew known
leave left left
lend lent lent
Spelling: verbs
Present simple verbs he/she/it
most verbs + -s work - works
verbs ending -s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -x,-z + -es watch - watches
verbs ending -o + -es go - goes
verbs ending consonant + y y->}+ -es study - studies
verbs ending vowel +y + -s play - plays
! Have and be are irregular.
/, you, we, they have he, she, it has
I am you, we, they are he, she, it is
-ing form
most verbs + -ing work - working
verbs ending -e remove e + -ing come - coming
! except be is irregular be - being
verbs ending -ee + -ing see - seeing
verbs ending vowel + b, g, m, n, p, t double consonant + -ing get - getting
! except if final syllable is not stressed visit - visiting
verbs ending-/ double / + -ing travel - travelling
! North American English has one / traveling
verbs ending in -ie ie + y + -ing lie - lying
Past simple
most verbs + -ed work - worked
verbs ending -e + -d like - liked
verbs ending consonant +y y-+i + -ed try - tried
verbs ending in vowel +y + -ed play - played
! except pay, lay, say y-+ i + -d paid, laid, said
verb ends vowel + consonant double consonant + -ed chat - chatted
! except if final syllable is not stressed visit - visited
verb ends -/ double /+ -ed travel - travelled
! North American English has one / traveled
182
Adjectives and adverbs
Comparative and superlative adjectives and adverbs
most words + -er/-est fast-faster -
fastest
words ending -e + -r/-st nice - nicer -
nicest
words ending consonant + y y-¥i + -er/-est early - earlier -
earliest
words ending vowel + consonant double consonant +
-er/-est
big - bigger -
biggest
Adverbs ending in -ly
most adjectives + -ly bad - badly
adjectives ending -le e+y simple - simply
adjectives ending consonant + y y-*i + -ly busy - busily
Nouns
Regular noun plurals (countable nouns only)
most nouns + -s car- cars
noun ends -s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -x, -z + -es [adds a syllable] watch - watches
noun ends vowel + -o + -s radio - radios
noun ends consonant + o + -es tomato - tomatoes
noun ends consonant + y y-*i + -es diary - diaries
noun ends vowel + y + -s day-days
noun ends -f/fe
! except roof - roofs
f/fe -» ves knife - knives
Irregular noun plurals
man men
woman women
child children
person people
tooth teeth
foot feet
Appendices 183
bee a yellow and black insect that makes honey 1
amazed very surprised 58
amazing very surprising 58
ancient from a long time ago 10
army a large group of soldiers that fight wars 10
assertive behaving or speaking in a strong, confident way 37
assistant someone whose job is to help a person who has a
more important job 13
atmosphere the feeling which exists in a place or situation 54
attraction somewhere you can visit that is interesting or
enjoyable 55
axe a tool with a sharp piece of metal at one end, used for
cutting trees or wood 26
bacteria very small living things that can cause disease 65
bakery a shop where you can buy bread, cakes, etc. 49
bat a small animal like a mouse with wings that flies at
night 20
battle a fight between two armies in a war 10
bite to cut something using teeth 32
blood pressure the force with which blood flows around your
body 35
bone one of the hard, white pieces inside the body of a
person or animal 26
Briton someone who comes from Great Britain 10
butterfly an insect with large, coloured wings 47
cabbage a large, round vegetable with a lot of green or white
leaves 31
calm If the weather or the sea is calm, it is quiet and
peaceful. 30
captain the person in control of a ship or aeroplane 47
castle a large, strong building that was built in the past to
protect the people inside from being attacked 8
cave a large hole in the ground or in the side of a
mountain 12
chain a line of metal rings connected together R12
charge up put electricity into 36
chlorine a gas with a strong smell, used to make water safe to
drink and swim in (symbol CI) 65
chopsticks thin sticks used for eating food in East Asia 13
cocoa bean the seed of the cacao tree. Chocolate is made
from this. 40
colony a country or area controlled by a more powerful
country 10
comic a magazine with stories told in pictures 6
compass a piece of equipment which shows you which direction
you are going in 24
complain to say that something is wrong or that you are angry
about something 38
contract a legal agreement between two people or
organisations 18
convenient near or easy to get to 54
country the areas that are away from towns and cities 45
criminal someone who has done a crime 9
depressed very sad, often for a longtime 58
depressing making you feel sad and without any hope for the
future 58
desert a large, hot, dry area of land with very few plants 39
determined wanting so much to do something that you keep
trying very hard 22
diet the type of food that someone usually eats 35
diplomat someone who is good at dealing with people in a
sensitive way 37
dyslexic Someone who is dyslexic has difficulty with reading
and writing. 15
elevator (AmE) a machine that carries people up and down in
tall buildings (BrE lift) 7
empire a group of countries that is ruled by one person or
government 33
enemy a person or country that you are arguing or fighting
with 8
expedition an organised journey, especially a long one for a
particular purpose 24
explode If a bomb explodes, it bursts (= breaks suddenly from
inside) with noise and force. 62
fail to not be successful 9
faithful always liking and supporting someone or
something 34
fan someone who likes a person or thing very much 31
fascinating very interesting 53
feather one of the soft, light things that cover a bird's skin 28
fishing boat a boat used to catch fish 44
flight a journey in an aircraft 62
float to stay on the surface of a liquid and not go under 35
forever for all time in the future 46
fox a wild animal like a dog with brown fur and a long
thick tail 1
fur the thick hair that covers bodies of some animals like
cats and rabbits 4
gravity the force that makes objects fall to the ground 26
guard to protect someone or something so that no one
attacks or steals them. 70
guidebook a book that gives visitors information about a
particular place 23
habitat the natural environment of an animal or plant 25
helmet a hard hat that protects your head 11
hero a very brave man that a lot of people admire 8
honey a sweet, sticky food that is made by bees 28
horizon the line in the distance where the sky and the land or
sea seem to meet 39
hydrogen a gas that combines with oxygen to form water 55
image the way that other people think someone or
something is 33
in danger when it is possible that something bad will happen 4
intend to want and plan to do something 38
invent to design or make something new 9
jealous upset and angry because someone you like likes
another person 34
jogging the activity of running at a slow regular speed,
especially as a form of exercise 32
184
jungle an area of land in a hot country where trees and plants slim Someone who is slim is thin in an attractive way. 54
grow close together 39 soap opera a series of television or radio programmes that
keyboard a set of keys on a computer, which you press to make continues over a long period and is about the lives of a
it work 72 group of characters 48
kiss to put your lips against another person's lips or skin sofa a large, comfortable seat for more than one person 5
because you love or like them 23 software programs that you use to make a computer do
lake a large area of water which has land all around it 55 different things 72
leaf (leaves) a flat, green part of a plant that grows from a stem or species a group of plants or animals which are the same in
branch 1 some way 25
lend to give something to someone for a period of time 37 spider a creature with eight long legs which catches insects in
lightning sudden bright light in the sky during a storm 57 a web 1
lonely sad because you are not with other people 3 sprinter someone who runs short distances in competitions 53
mechanic someone who repairs vehicles and machines 4 stripy with a pattern of stripes 1
medicine something that you drink or eat when you are ill, to suitcase a rectangular case with a handle that you use for
stop you being ill 16 carrying clothes when you are travelling 5
monitor a screen that shows information or pictures, usually sulphur a yellow chemical element that has an unpleasant
connected to a computer 72 smell (symbol S) 28
monster an imaginary creature that is large, ugly, and survivor someone who continues to live after almost dying
frightening 10 because of an accident, illness, etc. 20
mosquito a small flying insect that drinks your blood, sometimes temple a building where people in some religions go to
causing a disease 25 pray 16
mustard a spicy yellow or brown sauce often eaten in small tent a structure for sleeping in, made of cloth fixed to
amounts with meat 13 metal poles 22
nest a home built by birds or insects for their eggs 29 terrified very frightened 58
oven a piece of kitchen equipment which is used for terrifying very frightening 58
cooking food R14 thunder the loud noise in the sky that you hear during a
panic to suddenly feel very afraid so that you stop thinking storm 57
clearly and do silly things 7 tragedy something very sad which happens, usually involving
pet an animal that someone keeps in their home 11 death 62
pineapple a large fruit with leaves sticking out of the top which treasure something valuable; gold, silver and jewellery 46
is sweet and yellow inside 35 tunnel a long passage under the ground or through a
pirate someone who attacks ships and steals from them 63 mountain 30
programming when someone writes computer programs 72 uniform a special set of clothes that are worn by people who
protest when people show that they disagree with something do a particular job or by children at school 22
by standing somewhere, shouting, carrying signs, etc 9 vegetarian someone who does not eat meat or fish 14
qualification what you get when you pass an exam or a course 65 vet a doctor for animals 4
raw not cooked 13 volcanic volcanic rocks come from a volcano (a mountain that
react If a chemical substance reacts with another substance,
sends gas and hot rocks out of a hole in the top) 40
it changes. 65 wasp a flying insect with a thin, black and yellow body 29
recycle to use paper, glass, plastic, etc. again and not throw it waterfall a stream of water that falls from a high place, often to
away 64 a pool below 71
rent to pay money to live in a building that someone else wave to put your hand up and move it from side to side
owns 14 in order to attract someone's attention or to say
resident someone who lives in a particular place 14 goodbye 36
rhyme If a word rhymes with another word, the end part of weep to cry, usually because you are sad 22
the words sound the same. 22 whale a very large animal that looks like a large fish and lives
rhythm a regular, repeating pattern of sound 39
wind
in the sea 55
rugby a sport played by two teams with an oval ball and wind a natural, fast movement of air 39
H-shaped goals 6 wipe your feet clean dirt from your shoes on a mat before entering a
scream when someone makes a high, loud cry because they room or house 22
are afraid or upset 11 witch a woman who has magical powers 16
shake to make quick, short movements from side to side or wonderful very good 53
up and down 11 worm a small creature with a long, thin, soft body and no
shy not confident, especially about meeting new people 24 legs 25
slave someone who is owned by someone else and has to
work for them 70
Appendices 185
a/an 102,104 may 54,60 there is/are 122
a few 114 might 60,156,158 these 108
a little 114 mucn 114,140 this 108
a lot of / lots of 114 must 56 those 108
able to 52 neither 76,174 to infinitive 92
adjectives 126,128,130,132,138 never 34 too 140
adverbs 134,136,142,172 no 110 uncountable nouns 98
after 172 none 110 unless 156
afterwards 172 or 170 used to 40
and 170 ought to 58 was/were 22
any 110 passive 154 will 44,156
anybody 112 past continuous 28 word order 6,176
anyone 112 past simple 22,24,26,38 would 158
anything 112 phrasal verbs 88 would like 92
anywhere 112 plural nouns 100 zero conditional 156
articles 102,104 possessive apostrophe fs) 118
fee 8 possessive adjectives 120
because 170 prepositional verbs 86
both 174 prepositions 86,88,146,148,150
but 170 present continuous 14,16,46
can, can't 52,54,56 present perfect 32,34,36,38
comparatives 130,136 present simple 10,12,16
conditionals 156,158 pronouns 116,120
could 52,54,60,156,158 quantifiers 114
countable nouns 98 question tags 78
either 174 questions 64,66,68,72,74
enough 140 relative clauses 166
ever 34 reported speech 162
everybody 112 say 164
everyone 112 second conditional 158
everything 112 shall 44
everywhere 112 should 58
/irst 172 so 76,170
first conditional 156 some 110
going to 48 somebody 112
nave (got) 82 someone 112
have to 56 something 112
if 156,158 somewhere 112
infinitive 92 state verbs 94
imperative 18 superlatives 132,136
-ing form 14,92 tell 164
it is 122 that 108
like 70,92 the 102,104
linking words 170,172 then 172
many 114,140
186
Answer key
1 Word class and word order
A Nouns: people, language, vowels, fox, dog, words
Pronouns: it, he
Adjectives: quick, brown, lazy, new
Verbs: use, hasjumps, studied
Adverbs: very carefully
B 2 750,000,000 people 3 It
4 The quick brown fox 5 He
C Possible answers
2 He 3 goes/comes 4 slowly
5 tall 6 very 7 student 8 tells
9 hospital 10 They
D 2 We speak Russian.
3 She is fs) a strange woman.
4 My aunt drives very badly.
5 They live in this street.
6 He has two brothers.
7 The dog ate my sandwich.
8 We saw the new film.
My Turn!
2 pronouns 3 adjectives 4 verbs 5 adverbs
Possible answers
The ugly giraffe danced happily.
The beautiful woman watched the purple moon sadly.
The stripy spider went to Morocco slowly.
We won a crazy tennis match quickly.
2 Be
A 2 are 3 is 4 are 5 am 6 is 7 is
8 am 9 are 10 is
B 2 are('re) 3 is('s) 4 are('re) 5 is not (isn't)
6 Am 7 are not (aren't) 8 Is
C 2 am ('m) 3 am not ('m not) 4 is
5 is not (isn't /'s not) 6 are 7 is not (isn't)
8 is('s) 9 is 10 are ('re) 11 is not (isn't)
12 is('s) 13 are 14 are ('re)
15 are not (aren't / 're not)
D 2 Is King Henry your father? Yes, he is.
3 Is your mother the Queen? Yes, she is.
4 Are we brothers? No, we are not / we aren't /
we're not.
5 Are your sisters here? No, they are not / they
aren't/they're not.
6 Are you very rich? Yes, I am.
7 Is it cold in your house? No, it is not / isn't.
8 Am I your friend? Yes, you are.
My Turn!
Possible answers
2 isn't 3 is 4 am 5 are 6 's 7 are
8 'm 9 are not 10 's not
3 Present simple 1
A 2 it does 3 it enjoys 4 it fixes 5 it misses
6 it says 7 it teaches 8 it thinks 9 it tries
10 it washes
B 2 live 3 comes 4 visit 5 buys 6 has
7 show 8 studies
C 2 walk 3 see 4 say 5 feel 6 has
7 goes 8 wears 9 goes 10 works
11 write
My Turn!
Possible answers
2 I always eat toast.
3 You never have breakfast.
4 My teacher comes to school early.
5 The school opens at 8.30.
6 My friends sometimes walk with me.
7 We like school.
4 Present simple 2
A 2 don't grow 3 Does 4 Do
5 doesn't include 6 don't think
7 don't see 8 don't live
B 2 don't live 3 prefer 4 use
5 does not (doesn't) have 6 stays
7 does not (doesn't) stay 8 do not (don't) fight
C 3 Does a vet look after animals?
4 Do zoo keepers work in shops?
5 Does a young colobus monkey have white fur?
6 Do we go to school on Sundays?
7 Do nurses work in a hospital?
8 Do you do sport in the evening?
3 Yes, he / she does.
4 No, they don't.
5 Yes, it does.
6 No, we don't!
7 Yes, they do.
8 Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
D 2 don't eat 3 don't fight 4 has 5 have
6 doesn't look after 7 don't go home 8 love
My Turn!
2 Do (the) gorillas eat bananas?
3 Do (the) gorillas fight?
4 Does the park have a lot of gorillas?
5 Do (the) gorillas have babies?
6 Does a / the baby gori lla stay with its mother?
7 Does a/the baby gorilla drink milk?
8 Do you like your job?
Possible answers
Do you have a favourite gorilla?
Do you give the gorillas names?
Do you play with the baby gorillas?
Do the baby gorillas have toys?
Do most of the gorillas look after their babies?
5 Present continuous
A 2 are singing 3 aren't waiting 4 am running
5 Am I speaking 6 are not enjoying
7 am living 8 Is that boy smiling
B 3 are (Ye) planning 4 am fm) walking
5 are not (aren't /'re not) running
6 is ('s) drinking 7 am not f m not) having
8 is fs) carrying 9 is not (isn't /'s not) working
C 2 am fm) sitting 3 is fs) telling
4 is fs) showing 5 are not (aren't) looking
6 is not (isn't/'s not) shouting
7 is not (isn't /'s not) singing 8 is fs) coming
9 's / is smiling 10 Are you doing
11 are f re) bringing
D 2 am not fm not) feeling 3 are fre) trying
4 are not (aren't/'re not) playing
5 are you wearing 6 is fs) writing
7 Are... carrying 8 is fs) talking
9 Is... studying 10 am not fm not) staying
My Turn!
Possible answers
3 Yes, I am. 4 No, they aren't. 5 No, I'm not.
6 No, it isn't. 7 No, I'm not. 8 Yes, it is.
9 Yes, I am.
6 Present continuous and present simple
A 2 Do you have 3 is snowing
4 speaks 5 don't know 6 is playing
7 Do you like 8 'm not laughing; 'm crying
B 3a 4b 5b 6a 7b 8a 9b 10a ll a 12b
C 2 agree 3 Do... need
4 is not (isn't /'s not) wearing 5 are f re) carrying6 do not (don't) know 7 Is ...waiting
8 is not (isn't) raining
D 2 is shining 3 is fs) wearing 4 comes
5 does not (doesn't) speak 6 study
7 (we) go 8 am fm) sitting
9 do not (don't) think 10 lives
11 Are you working
My Turn!
Possible answers
I'm sitting on a ski lift. I'm wearing skis. I ski every day. I don't like the cold weather!
7 Imperatives
A 2 Leave 3 Don't take time 4 Close
5 don't open 6 Don't go back 7 Phone
B 2 Don't worry 3 Go shopping 4 don't put
5 Take / Have 6 Have; Don't forget
7 pick up 8 Turn left
C 2 Don't be / Don't arrive 3 Buy/Get
4 Don't buy / Don't get 5 Go; go / come
6 Turn; go / walk 7 Wait
My Turn!
Possible answers
1 Visit the art museum.
2 Have lunch in the market place.
3 Climb to the top of the hill.
4 Don't go to the parks at night.
5 Don't forget your camera.
6 Don't come on Saturday.
R l Review: present simple and present
continuous
A 2 is fs) running; is fs) trying 3 works; fixes
4 is fs) crying; cries
5 is having; are dancing; are chatting
6 studies; isn't studying; is fs) making
7 doesn't want; says 8 has; relaxes; goes
B 2 I'm not 3 Do 4 I don't 5 isn't 6 Is
7 Do 8 I don't 9 don't 10 isn't 11 isn'12 don't
C 2 My brother doesn't play the guitar, but he is fs)very good at singing.
3 We aren't f re not) very happy. Our team isn't fsnot) winning.
Answer key 187
4 Ann and Robert don't like London, and they
aren't ('re not) planning to stay here.
5 Lucy isn't fs not) very good at dancing. We
don't enjoy her shows.
6 Marcus isn't playing a computer game at the
moment. He doesn't play computer games
every night.
7 That song isn't very good. I don't want to
listen to it again.
8 Tony eats hamburgers. He eats a lot of meat.
9 Joanna doesn't have a swimming competition
next week, so she isn't fs not) practising very
hard today.
10 I go to school by bus - I don't walk. So I have
time to read magazines on the way.
D 2 Is your English getting 3 don't have
4 am fm) practising 5 want 6 thinks
7 don't think 8 Do you remember
9 still think 10 is fs) learning
11 is fs) playing 12 am fm) writing
E 2 sleeps; goes; catches 3 Does; go; doesn't; goes
4 play; wins; beats 5 Do; know; Does; have; does
6 visit; lives 7 doesn't; snow; rains; don't; like
8 Do; like; loves; doesn't; enjoy
9 Does; stop; does; want
F 2 Don't touch 3 be quiet 4 Don't look at
5 Come 6 don't be late 7 Don't bring
8 wait 9 don't go out 10 Drink
8 Past simple 1
A 2 was; were; weren't 3 was; was
4 Was; wasn't; was 5 Was; wasn't; were
6 Were; weren't
B 2 wasn't 3 was 4 Were you 5 weren't
6 were you 7 were
C Possible answers
2 wasn't hungry 3 weren't friendly
4 weren't afraid 5 wasn't hot
6 wasn't clean / wasn't hot / wasn't very big
7 weren't clean/weren't very big
8 weren't in a hurry
D 2 wasn't 3 were 4 was 5 is 6 is
7 weren't 8 was 9 were 10 are
My Turn!
Possible answers
The people were very friendly and the shops were
excellent. The streets weren't very crowded. It was a
great day!
9 Past simple 2
A 3 She lived in a flat.
4 She did not (didn't) want a house.
5 She preferred flats.
6 She did not (didn't) watch TV much.
7 She enjoyed dancing.
8 She danced the Salsa.
9 She learned Spanish.
10 She did not (didn't) stay at home much.
B 2 Did... watch 3 worked 4 stopped
5 didn't talk 6 travelled 7 Did... pass
8 listened 9 Did... finish 10 didn't like
C 2 asked 3 Did... celebrate 4 replied
5 didn't know 6 didn't work 7 tried
8 failed 9 didn't like 10 preferred
My Turn!
3 30 teenagers didn't use the Internet yesterday.
4 19 teenagers downloaded a song last week.
5 35 teenagers played a computer game yesterday.
6 58 teenagers emailed a friend last week.
7 10 teenagers didn't like computers five years ago.
Possible answers
2 I used the Internet yesterday.
3 I didn't download a song last week.
4 I played a computer game yesterday.
5 I didn't email a friend last week.
6 I didn't like computers five years ago.
10 Past simple 3
A break, get, hear, know, leave , make, mean, see,
speak, take, think
B 2 won 3 had 4 did not (didn't) sleep
5 did not (didn't) eat 6 drank 7 paid
8 went 9 fought 10 gave 11 left
12 did not (didn't) come 13 became
C ... ate / had bread and (drank) water for breakfast.
She didn't go to school, she went to work. Her
work began at 6.30. She ate / had meat for lunch.
She got home at 5.00. She made clothes in the
evening. Before she went to bed, she told a story
to her sister. She didn't sleep in a bed, she slept
on the floor.
My Turn!
Possible answers
3 Yes, I did. I bought some chocolate.
4 No, I didn't. I went to bed early.
5 Yes, I did. I forgot my Geography homework.
6 Yes, I did. I saw Lucy.
7 Did you get any messages? Yes, I did. Lucy sent
me a text.
8 Did you drink coffee? No, I didn't. I drank two
cans of cola.
9 Did you feel happy? Yes, I did. I was very happy.
11 Past continuous
A 2 was shining 3 was wearing 4 was reading
5 was drinking 6 was feeling
B 2 It was getting late and the man was working
quickly.
3 The pencil broke while I was writing down her
phone number.
4 It was snowing but we were not (weren't)
wearing warm clothes.
5 A cat ran in front of the car when I was driving
home.
6 The lights changed while she was still crossing
the road.
7 You were still sleeping when 1 got up.
8 They were not (weren't) building the stadium
when I was living / lived in the city.
C 2 caught 3 put 4 sent 5 followed
6 were camping 7 were following 8 left
9 went 10 took 11 were camping
12 found 13 were sitting 14 were cooking
My Turn!
Possible answers
2 I was having a shower. 3 Terrible! It was raining.
4 Yes, I did. I wasn't wearing a coat.
5 No, I wasn't. I wasn't feeling well.
6 No, sorry, I wasn't listening.
R2 Review: past simple and past
continuous
A 2d 3b 4c 5e 6a
B 3d 4c 5f 6e 7h 8g
C 2 was walking 3 said 4 told
5 was playing / played 6 met
7 Did the Romans use 8 wasn't watching
D 2 were playing 3 fell 4 hit 5 happened
6 were coming 7 was drinking 8 heard
9 were speaking 10 ran 11 gave
E 2a 3b 4a 5a 6c 7b 8a 9b 10c
F 2 While we were eating breakfast, the letter arrived.3 Sarah didn't go because she wasn't feeling very
well.
4 As I was falling, my parachute suddenly opened.
5 Were you having a shower when I phoned?
6 Gavin broke his arm while he was doing judo.
G Possible answers
2 I walked through the park on the way here and itwas raining.
3 I didn't want my sister to eat them.
4 I was doing it but my dog ate it.
5 I didn't sleep last night because I was worrying
about the exam.
6 I was playing tennis in the garden.
H 2a 3b 4c 5a 6c
12 Present perfect 1
A 2b 3a 4h 5f 6e 7i 8g 9d
B 2 have fve) already finished
3 has not (hasn't) come 4 Have you had
5 has stolen 6 have fve) just bought
7 have fve) just cleaned 8 Have you phoned
9 have fve) already seen
C 2 Have you tidied your cave yet? No, I haven't.
3 Have you done your science homework yet? Yes, I have.
4 Have you had a bath yet? No, I haven't.
5 Have you washed the dinosaur yet? No, I
haven't.
6 Have you made your sandwiches yet? Yes, I have,7 Have you bought the dinosaur food yet? No, I
haven't.
2 He has not (hasn't) had a bath yet.
3 He has not (hasn't) washed the dinosaur yet.
4 He has not (hasn't) bought the dinosaur food yet.
D 2 He has not (hasn't) woken up yet.
3 I still have not (haven't) read it.
4 She has fs) just gone.
5 I have fve) given it to my dad.
6 They still have not (haven't) told her.
7 The postman has not (hasn't) come yet.
8 I have fve) just finished it.
My Turn!
Possible answers
2 I have fve) read my book.
3 I have fve) phoned Julie.
4 I have not (haven't) washed my school uniform.
5 I have not (haven't) done my Maths homework.
6 I have not (haven't) found my tie.
13 Present perfect 2
A Yes, I have. / No, I haven't.
B 2 I have fve) been / I haven't been
3 I have fve) read /1 haven't read
4 I have fve) played / I haven't played
5 I have fve) seen /1 haven't seen
6 I have fve) met / I haven't met
7 I have fve) broken / I haven't broken
8 I have fve) worked / I haven't worked
9 I have fve) run / I haven't run
Possible answers
My parents have been to Cuba.
My teacher has fs) read a book in one day.
My dad has fs) played rugby.
My sister has fs) seen an elephant (too).
My friend has fs) met a famous person.
My cousin has fs) broken his leg.
My neighbour has fs) worked in a restaurant.
My aunt has fs) run ten kilometres.
188
C 2 has not (hasn't /'s not) played
3 have(Ve)never spent
4 have not (haven't) met 5 have (Ve) gone
6 has fs) written 7 have not (haven't) spoken
,8 Has... ever forgotten 9 have fve) seen
10 have fve)ever had
D 2 been 3 been 4 gone 5 been
My Turn!
Possible answers
1 I have fve) held a snake in my hands.
2 I have fve) eaten Mexican food before.
3 I have fve) visited the Taj Mahal.
4 Have you ever held a snake in your hands?
5 Have you ever eaten Mexican food?
6 Have you ever visited the Taj Mahal?
7 Betty has fs) held a snake in her hands.
8 Betty has fs) never eaten Mexican food.
9 Betty has not fs not / hasn't) visited the Taj Mahal
before.
14 Present perfect 3
A 2 for 3 since 4 since 5 for 6 for
7 since 8 since
B 2 haven't seen 3 's been 4 've lived
5 've never had 6 have ... had
7 's always loved 8 has... been
9 's worked 10 've always thought
C 2 How long has she driven a Mini Cooper?
3 How long has she lived there / in Marylebone?
4 How long has he played the piano?
5 How long has he been a vegetarian?
6 How long has she spoken Italian?
My Turn!
Possible answers
2 I haven't seen my cousin for ages.
3 I've been at this school since September.
4 I've known my best friend for one year.
5 I haven't done the washing-up for weeks.
6 My family has / have always lived here.
15 Present perfect or past simple?
A 2 acted 3 has starred 4 has worked
5 was 6 became; was 7 've had
B 2 was 3 Have ... heard 4 did ... dream
5 has fs) bought 6 came 7 were
8 haven't worn
C 3a 4b 5b 6a 7b 8a
My Turn!
2 When did you last go swimming?
3 How many different schools have you studied at
before now?
4 What did you do yesterday?
5 How many exams have you taken / did you take
this year?
6 When your mother was young, where did she live?
7 Have you ever lived in another country?
8 What did your family do last weekend?
Possible answers
2 I went swimming last week.
3 I've studied at three different schools (so far).
4 I went shopping.
5 Up to now, I've taken ten exams. / I took ten
exams this year.
6 She lived in a village in the mountains.
7 Yes, I have. I've lived in Switzerland.
8 We ate in a restaurant.
16 Used to
A 2 He used to work in a supermarket.
3 He didn't use to have a big house.
4 He didn't use to play golf.
5 He used to wear cheap clothes.
6 He used to be happy.
B 3 snowed / used to snow 4 met
5 watch / use to watch
6 wasn't / never used to be
7 went 8 went / used to go
C 3 There used to be bears in England.
4 People didn't use to eat a lot of meat.
5 Builders used to make houses out of wood.
6 Most people didn't use to live in towns.
7 Travelling by sea used to be dangerous.
8 Children didn't use to learn English.
D 2 Were you / Did you use to be
3 didn't worry / didn't use to worry
4 did/used to do 5 criticised / used to criticise
6 didn't listen / didn't use to listen
7 sat / used to sit
8 didn't answer / didn't use to answer
9 changed 10 lost
My Turn!
Possible answers
2 I didn't use to have a cat.
3 I used to want to be an astronaut.
4 I never used to go to discos.
5 I didn't use to like swimming.
6 I used to be afraid of the dark.
R3 Review: present perfect and used to
A eaten; do, did; fall, fallen; feel, felt; get, got; have,
had; looked, looked; live, lived; make, made;
played, played; walked, walked; write, written
B 2 Did you use to play computer games when
you were a child?
3 -
4 The Romans used to eat a lot of fish.
5 She used to play the violin at university.
6 -
7 Didn't they use to work hard at their old school?
8 -
C 2 Have you ever made a pizza?
3 Has the film started yet?
4 How many times have you ridden a horse?
5 Have you read all seven Harry Potter books?
6 How long have Henry and Gloria been
married?
7 Have you ever had a party in your house?
8 Has Tony said thank-you for the present yet?
9 Have you studied English before?
10 Has Maria cleaned her shoes yet?
D 2 No, I've never made a pizza.
3 Yes, it'sjust started.
4 I've ridden a horse three times.
5 I've read four of them already, but I haven't
read the other three yet.
6 They've been married for two years.
7 Yes, I have. I had a party in my house last year.
8 Yes, he's already said thank-you four times.
9 No, I've never studied English before.
10 Yes, she has. She cleaned them yesterday.
E 2 Have ... seen; saw
3 have... had; have fve) had
4 Did / Didn't... (use to) play; did / used to
5 Have ... written; wrote
6 Have ... met; met
7 Have... decided; have fve) decided;
haven't decided
8 did ... (use to) want; used to want / wanted
9 Did ... watch; have fve )... watched
F 2 I've always been 3 decided 4 have
5 been 6 started 7 took 8 I've cycled
9 yet 10 haven't 11 yet 12 used
13 since 14 Have 15 I've fallen
16 haven't 17 always 18 I've had
19 met 20 haven't 21 I've collected
17 Will, shall, won't
A 3 We'll 4 x
5 won't 6 x
7 won't 8 x
9 I'll
10 won't
11 it'll
B Possible answers
2 will 3 won't 4 'II 5 won't 6 won't
7 'II 8 won't 9 will 10 won't
C 2 I will (Tl) give her some milk.
3 I will (Tl) buy some tomorrow.
4 I will (Tl) do it tomorrow.
5 I will (Tl) have a swim.
6 I will (Tl) talk to him.
D 2 will 3 Shall 4 Will 5 won't 6 will
7 Shall 8 will 9 Tl 10 will 11 won't
My Turn!
Possible answers
3 I think robots will do all the housework.
4 I don't think children will drive to school.
5 I'm sure everyone will have a computer.
6 I hope people won't live until they are 120.
7 I think I won't be rich.
8 I'm not sure the world will be very different.
18 Present continuous with future
meaning
A 2 is fs) leaving 3 is meeting 4 are fre) signing
5 is fs) having 6 are fre) reading
7 is fs) seeing 8 are interviewing
9 is fs) taking 10 is fs) meeting
B 2a 3e 4d 5b
2 Are you having a holiday there?
No, I am fm) doing a drama course.
3 Are you flying to Zurich?
Yes, but I am fm) not staying in Zurich.
4 Where are you staying?
I am fm) renting a flat in Geneva.
5 Is your sister travelling with you?
No, we are fre) not going together.
C 2 am fm) not spending
3 am fm) meeting
4 Is... taking 5 is fs) playing 6 is fs) coming
7 Is... playing 8 is fs) giving
9 is not (isn't /'s not) staying
10 are... doing
11 am not fm not) doing
My Turn!
Possible answers
I'm meeting the Queen of England on Saturday.
We're having a party on my yacht.
I'm not working next week.
I'm meeting my fans.
I'm buying a new castle.
I'm not speaking to the reporters.
19 Be going to
A 2 is fs) going to break the
3 is not (isn't /'s not) going to snow
4 is fs) going to cry 5 is not (isn't) going to finish
6 is fs) going to have
B 2 is fs) going to 3 Are ... going to
4 is not fs not / isn't) going to
5 are fre) going to 6 Is... going to
7 are not fre not / aren't) going to
Answer key 189
C 3 going to win 4 going to study
5 going to have / having 6 going to finish
7 going to write 8 going to take/taking
My Turn!
Possible answers
2 He is fs) going to buy it.
3 I am ('m) going to arrange private lessons.
4 You are (Ve) going to be a doctor.
5 Sally is fs) going to get a better job.
6 They are fre) going to move to the country.
7 You are fre) going to give (him) the money (to him).
R4 Review: the future
A 2h 3b 4f 5a 6d 7c 8g
B 1 Will your sister want to come... ?; Will they
arrive on time?; Yes, she will.; I think it'll be
really good.; No, it won't.
2 Shall we go dancing tonight?
3 Are you meeting Rachel tonight?; Is Dan
cooking dinner tonight?
4 Is the train going to be late?; Are you both
going to watch the tennis match?; I'm going to
stay at home.
C 3 Are we going to be late?
4 Will I need my passport at the hotel?
5 Susan isn't going to the party, so I won't go.
6 You won't enjoy this book.
7 Is it going to snow tonight?
8 Are you going to be sick?
9 Will your parents be angry?
10 We aren't going to win the match.
D 2 I'm going to 3 I'll 4 I'm going to
5 I'm going to 6 won't 7 I'll
8 are all going to 9 I'll 10 Are you going
11 I'm going to 12 I'm going to
E 3a 4b 5a 6b 7b 8a 9b 10a
F Possible answers
2 It will not (won't) be very cold next week.
3 I am fm) going to the cinema tonight.
4 I am fm) not going to go to the cinema next
week.
5 My favourite football team is playing a match
this weekend.
6 My favourite football team is not (isn't) going to
win the cup this year.
7 We are fre) going to a hot country on holiday
next week.
8 We are fre) going to go to a hot country on
holiday this summer.
20 Modal verbs: can, could, be able to
A 2 can't 3 were not able to
4 were able to 5 could 6 will be able to
B 2 I couldn't remember her name.
3 The child wasn't able to stand.
4 Can we meet at 7?
5 He couldn't answer the question.
6 I can't play tennis.
7 Can she drive a truck?
8 My friends weren't able to come.
C 2c 3d 4a 5b 6c 7c 8d
D 2 Can ... speak 3 will be able to have
4 can ... imagine 5 can't see
6 Could ... understand 7 could hear
8 won't be able to come
My Turn!
Possible answers
When I was four,
I couldn't stand on my head.
I could touch my toes with my nose.
Now,
I can speak English.
I can stand on my head.
I can't drive.
In the future,
I will be able to run 10 kilometres.
I won't be able to touch my toes with my nose.
I will be able to drive.
2 1 Modals for requests: can, could, may
A 2d 3f 4i 5a 6b 7g 8e 9c
B 2 (Please) Can / Could / May I speak to Sarah
(please)?
3 (Please) Can / Could / May we come home late
tonight (please)?
4 (Please) Can / Could / May I ride your bike
(please)?
C 2 May I use your mobile (phone)?
3 Could / Can you help me?
4 May I come in?
5 Could / Can we meet after school?
6 Could/Can you bring your CD?
7 Could / Can you close the window?
8 Could / Can we start?
D 2 Could / Can you (please) buy me a new bike
(please)?
3 Could / Can / May I (please) visit London
(please)?
4 Could / Can you (please) translate this email
from my friend in Mongolia (please)?
5 Could / Can you (please) do my Geography
homework (please)?
6 Could / Can you (please) send my sister a
birthday present (please)?
7 Could / Can / May I (please) go into space
(please)?
8 Could / Can / May I (please) be in the next
Spider-Man film (please)?
My Turn!
Possible answers
Could I be President for a day, please?
Please could you lend me 200 euros?
Can I have my own room, please?
22 Must, have to and can't
A All answers: have to / don't have to
B 2 You mustn't/can't talk on your mobile phone.
3 You mustn't / can't ride your bike here.
4 Cars must drive under 60 km per hour.
5 You mustn't / can't drink the water.
6 You must be quiet here.
C Possible answer
I must...
buy a new bag
and talk to my dad
and eat chips.
I must not...
buy my dad
or talk to chips
or eat a new bag.
My Turn!
Possible answers
I have to pay in advance.
I have to bring a tent.
I mustn't make a lot of noise.
I mustn't have parties.
I don't have to arrive early.
23 Should, ought to
A 2g 3h 4a 5d 6e 7b 8f
B 2 should buy 3 should meet 4 should open
5 should say 6 should kiss 7 should eat
8 should give
C 2b 3c 4a 5c 6b
D Possible answers
You should play loud music too!
You should borrow a dress from your sister.
You should ask him what he wants.
You should go home.
You shouldn't worry about it.
You should find a good manager.
You ought to do what she says.
My Turn!
Possible answers
Tourists shouldn't stay in expensive hotels.
People should always say'Please'and'Thank you'.
You ought to travel on our beautiful trams.
You shouldn't go out after 22.00.
Tourists shouldn't forget to bring sun cream.
24 Modals of possibility: may, might
A 2e 3h 4g 5a 6d 7f 8c
B 3 might / may get lost
4 may / might run away.
5 might not / may not / mightn't find the Yeti.
6 might not / may not / mightn't have enough
food.
7 might / may follow
8 might not / may not / mightn't attack
9 may / might write a book
10 might not / may not / mightn't survive!
C 2 might / may need 3 might not / may not have
4 might not / may not work
5 might / may see/find 6 might/may be
7 might not / may not like
8 might not / may not see/find
9 might / may write 10 might/may be
My Turn!
Possible answers
2 It might be burnt. 3 The dog may be lost.
4 Your neighbour might have an important
message for you.
5 The other person may not speak English.
6 It might be your imagination.
7 He may not like opera.
8 She might be on holiday.
R5 Review: modals
A 2 could 3 have 4 May /Can / Could
5 ought/have 6 might / may/could
7 can 8 Should 9 can / may 10 have
11 Could / Can 12 mustn't
B b 2 el l d 4 e9 f l gl 2 h3 ilO
j 8 k5 16
C 2 can 3 will be able to 4 had to
5 must / have to 6 will have to
7 could / couldn't; couldn't/could
8 can; can't 9 will be able to; won't be able to
10 didn't have to; had to
11 have to; don't have to
12 won't have to; won't have to; will have to
D 2 might know 3 be able to play
4 May I open 5 has to be 6 Could you wait
7 may not be 8 don't have to wear
E 2a 3c 4b 5a 6c
190
F 2 could 3 may/might/could 4 have to
5 be able to 6 Should / Must 7 ought
8 have to 9 may / might / could
10 may/could/might 11 may/might
12 should/could/might 13 May/Can /Could
14 can't 15 may / might 16 Can / Could
25 Yes / no questions and short answers
A 2b 3a 4d 5c 6g 7f
B 3 No, it doesn't. 4 No, he / she isn't.
5 No, he / she hasn't. 6 Yes, they are.
7 Yes, they do. 8 Yes, we have.
C Possible answers
Is a bee black and yellow?
Have you ever seen a ladybird larva?
Do beetles have wings?
Do mosquitoes have spots?
Does a bee lay eggs?
Have you ever picked up a worm?
My Turn!
2 Are you over 18? No, I'm not.
3 Do you have more than one bag? Yes, I do.
4 Do you live in the USA? No, I don't.
5 Is your grandmother living in the USA? Yes, she is.
6 Have you been to the USA before? No, I haven't.
7 Are you staying for more than a month? No, I'm
not.
26 Question words: Where? When? Why?
How? Whose?
A 2 Why is he famous?
3 Where did the farmer find the body?
4 Whose farm was it?
5 When did the Romans invade Britain?
6 Why did the Celts kill him?
7 How do people know about this?
8 Where can we see him?
B 2 Where 3 How 4 When 5 Whose
6 Why 7 How 8 When
C 2 When did; eleventh
3 Whose... is; George Washington
4 Where were; Greece 5 How did; An apple
6 Why did; Microsoft 7 Whose ... is; Brazil
8 How did; horse
D 3 Where do you (usually) celebrate (it)?
4 Why do you celebrate (it) at home?
5 How did you celebrate (it) last year?
6 Whose idea was that? 7 When did it start?
8 Why did it start then/early?
9 Why did you invite your gran?
My Turn!
Possible answers
Who is the man?
Why is he afraid?
When did he arrive?
Where are the police?
Whose voice is it?
Why won't his car start?
Whose face is it?
How can I find out the end of this story?
27 Object and subject questions
A 2 What happened on 4 April 1968? g
3 Who wrote Around the World in 80 Days'? a
4 What landed on Mars in 1976? c
5 Who did Will Smith marry in 1997? d
6 What did Frank Whittle invent? f
8 What did Neil Armstrong do in 1969? b
B 2 Who lives at 10 Downing Street?
3 What destroyed most of San Francisco in 1906?
4 Who does Mary Jane Watson love? Who loves
Mary jane Watson?
5 Who painted Sunflowers?
6 What did Tim Berners-Lee invent?
7 Who did Elton John sing about in his song
Candle in the Wind?
C 3 What does Kelly like? 4 Who likes cats?
5 Who told my neighbour that I didn't like school.
6 Who did my neighbour tell?
7 & 8 What makes the world go round? / What
does the world make?
My Turn!
Possible answers
2 Who teaches the sports/classes / us?
3 What happens (on a sports activity course)?
4 Who can come on the course?
5 What do I (need to / have to) wear?
6 What do I (need to / have to) bring?
7 Who do I contact?
28 Be like and look like
A 2f 3a 4e 5c 6b
B 2 What does sulphur smell like?
3 What does honey taste like?
4 What do feathers feel like?
5 What do drums sound like?
C Possible answers
What do Superman and Lois look like?
What does Harry Potter look like?
What did Charlie Chaplin look like?
What is ('s) the weather like?
What is fs) the weather going to be like?
What is ('sj Harry Potter like?
What are Superman and Lois like?
What was the weather like?
What was the party like?
What were the first computers like?
What are your grandparents like?
My Turn!
Possible answers
2 What does your sister / she look like?
3 How's your mother?
4 What is fs) Sicily / Sardinia like?
5 What was the hotel like?
6 How are you?
7 What was the party / it like?
8 What are your grandparents like? What do your
grandparents look like?
9 What is your teacher like? / What does your
teacher look like?
29 What? and Which?
A 2 Which car 3 Which way 4 Which planet
5 Which telephone / phone 6 Which bed
B 2 Which 3 What /Which 4 What/Which
5 What/Which 6 Which
C 2 Which 3 What 4 Which 5 What
6 Which 7 what 8 What 9 Which
10 What
My Turn!
Possible answers
2 Which one is the queen?
3 What / Which countries do honey bees live in?
4 Which continent doesn't have bees?
5 What / Which kind(s) of bees do you have?
6 What/Which is the best honey?
30 How...? questions
A 2a 3f 4h 5d 6g 7b 8e
B 2 far 3 good 4 long 5 much 6 fast
7 often
C 2 often do you
3 cold / warm is (NOT / low hot is.. ? because
water in the sea doesn't get hot.)
4 far is it 5 long did it 6 much did you
My Turn!
2 How fast / quickly do / can you swim?
3 How tall are you?
4 How fast can you run?
5 How early do you have to get up?
31 So and neither
A 2e 3c 4f 5h 6d 7a 8b
B 2 So do I. Me too. 3 Neither do I. Me neither.
4 So am I. Me too. 5 Neither do I. Me neither.
6 So do I. Me too. 7 Neither am I. Me neither.
8 So do I. Me too.
C 2 Suzi chats on the website every evening and
so does Abi.
3 Suzi doesn't eat chocolate and neither does Abi.
4 Suzi is good at English and so is Abi.
5 Suzi doesn't watch horror movies and neither
does Abi.
6 Suzi hates football and so does Abi.
7 Suzi isn't going out this weekend and neither
is Abi.
8 Suzi thinks winter is boring and so does Abi.
D 2 neither are my friends. 3 So is her sister.
4 Neither did I! 5 Neither has my mum.
6 So was I. 7 So did we. 8 Neither can I.
9 Neither is her husband.
10 So do my cousins. 11 So am I.
12 Neither were you!
My Turn!
Possible answers
Todd, Nicko and Emma don't like cabbage and
neither do I.
Nicko doesn't like Maths and neither does Emma,
Nicko and Emma don't like Maths and neither do I.
Todd is a Manchester United fan and so is Nicko.
Emma is not / isn't a Manchester United fan and
neither am I.
Emma thinks winter is boring and so do I.
32 Question tags
A 2a 3i 4h 5g 6c 7d 8f 9b
B 2 are we? 3 aren't I? 4 isn't he?
5 will it / he / she? 6 didn't you?
7 doesn't she? 8 didn't they?
9 has it? 10 do you?
C 3 Yes, I am. 4 No, it isn't / it's not.
5 Yes, he did. 6 No, we haven't.
7 Yes, it / he / she can. 8 No, they're not / aren't.
D 2 am I 3 is it 4 do you 5 haven't you
6 isn't it 7 will it
E 2 You broke it, didn't you?
3 You will go, won't you?
4 You're very tired, aren't you?
My Turn!
Possible answers
The music wasn't loud, was it?
Fred was there, wasn't he?
Jake's parents were there, weren't they?
You didn't leave early, did you?
Answer key 191
R6 Review: questions and answers
A 2b 3d 4g 5a 6e 7c 8f 9j lOi
B (Possible answers in brackets)
1 What kind of music do you like? (I love hip hop.)
2 Who wrote your favourite book? (J. K. Rowling)
3 How old are your parents? (40 and 42)
4 Whose computer do you use? (I use my computer
or my mum's.)
5 What are your friends like? (They are (Ve) very nice.)
6 How many countries have you visited? (I have /
've visited / been to five countries.)
7 What colour are your eyes? (They are (Ve) blue.)
8 How often do you play computer games? (Every
day)
9 How long does it take to get to school? (20
minutes)
C 2 don't you; I don't; So do I
3 did you; I did; Neither did I
4 can you; I can; Neither can I
5 haven't you; I haven't; So have I
6 do you; I do; Neither do I
7 isn't she; she isn't; So is
8 hasn't he; he hasn't; So has
D 21 3f 4j 5c 6i 7g 8m 9d 10k
l l h 12b 13e
E 2 What... like 3 How often 4 What kind
5 How many 6 Whose coffee 7 How much
8 Which one 9 How long 10 What time
F 2 What does he love?
3 Whose computer did he open?
4 Was she angry? 5 Why was she angry?
6 Where did he put his first game?
7 How many games has he written?
8 Who wrote to him last week?
9 Which game did the man like?
10 Where is he going (to go) next week?
33 Have and have got
A 3 I do not (don't) have blue eyes.
4 We have a piano. 5 She has blue eyes.
6 She does not (doesn't) have a cold.
7 He does not (doesn't) have a sister.
8 He has a piano.
9 They do not (don't) have a dog.
10 They do not (don't) have a cold.
B 3 have / have got 4 have
5 Do crocodiles have 6 have
7 have / have got 8 had 9 had
10 didn't have 11 Do you have / Have you got
C 2 has/has got 3 did not (didn't) have
4 have / have got
5 does not (doesn't) have / has not (hasn't) got
6 had
7 do not (don't) have / have not (haven't) got
8 has / has got
D 4 has / has fs) got 5 have / have got 6 had
7 does not (doesn't) have / has not (hasn't) got
8 have 9 Does ... have / Has ... got
10 had 11 have
12 did not (didn't) have; have
13 Does... have / Has... got; does / has
My Turn!
Possible answers
2 Do you have a favourite crocodile?
3 Has your farm got any unusual crocodiles?
4 Will your TV show have any famous stars?
5 Can I have your autograph?
34 Make, do and get
A do: an exam, exercise, homework, a job, the
shopping, the washing
make: a dress, a paper plane, a salad
B 2a 3e 4g 5h 6c 7d 8f
C 2 getting better 3 get angry 4 getting late
5 get any text messages 6 getting married
7 get older 8 get; some milk 9 got lost
10 got up; got dressed
My Turn!
2 Do you get / make a pizza or do the shopping?
3 Do you get up early or get up late?
4 Do you make him a snack or make him some
lunch? / Do you make a snack for him or make
some lunch for him? / Do you make a snack or
make some lunch?
5 Do you get the bus or get to school late?
6 Do you get a job or do nothing?
35 Prepositional verbs
A 2 came across 3 consists of 4 Look after
5 suffer from 6 depend on
B 2 on 3 for 4 about 5 for 6 for
7 about 8 from 9 to 10 about
C 2 believe 3 look 4 Get 5 Look 6 go
7 come 8 depend
My Turn!
Possible answers
3 What are/were you listening to?
4 What are/were you laughing at?
5 What are you looking at?
6 What do they talk about? / What are / were they
talking about?
7 Who does (this coat) belong to?
8 Who paid /'s paying for the meal?
36 Phrasal verbs
A 2 find out 3 got back 4 lay down
5 woke up 6 Hurry up 7 takeoff
8 break down.
B Possible answers
2 Take off your sunglasses. / Take your sunglasses
off.
3 People should pick up their rubbish / pick their
rubbish up when they go home.
4 Turn on the lights! / Turn the lights on!
5 I need to charge up my phone / charge my phone
up first.
6 Turn up the music / the volume! / Turn the music /
the volume up!
7 The policeman told off the children. / The
policeman told the children off.
8 When you sit in a car, you need to put on your
seat belt / put your seat belt on.
9 I've locked the door and thrown away the key /
thrown the key away.
C 2 put it on 3 Look it up! 4 turn it down
5 tell her off 6 Throw them away
7 turn it off 8 give it up
My Turn!
Possible answers
2 I'd like it to wake me up.
3 I'd like it to turn on the TV.
4 I'd like it to take off my shoes.
5 I'd like it to find out the answers to my homework.
37 Verbs with two objects
A 2 Do you get your sister a new phone?
3 Do you phone or send him a text message?
4 Do you offer the old woman your seat?
5 Do you make your family lunch?
6 Do you tell her the problem?
7 Does your dad give you driving lessons?
B Possible answers
2 He is lending the woman his jacket. / He is
lending her hisjacket.
3 He is making his children a cake. / He is
making them a cake.
4 She is giving her husband some flowers. / Shis giving him some flowers.
5 She is throwing the boy the frisbee. / She is
throwing him the frisbee.
6 He is buying his children some balloons. / Heis buying them some balloons.
C Possible answers
The woman made me / her / the boy a cup of te/ a present.
The woman made a cup of tea / a present for m/ him / the boy.
I made her / the boy / the woman a cup of tea a present.
I made a cup of tea / a present for her/the boythe woman
The boy sold me / her / the woman a cup of teaa new bike.
The boy sold a cup of tea /a new bike to me / h/ the woman.
I sold her / the boy / the woman a cup of tea / new bike.
I sold a cup of tea /a new bike to her / the boy /the woman.
The woman gave me / her / the boy a cup of teaa new bike / a present / a message.
The woman gave a cup of tea / a new bike / a
present / a message to me / her / the boy.
I gave her / the boy / the woman a cup of tea /new bike / a present / a message.
I gave a cup of tea / a new bike / a present / a
message to her / the boy / the woman.
The boy sent me / her / the woman a message. The boy sent a message to me / her / the womaI sent her / the boy / the woman a message.
I sent a message to her / the boy / the womanMy Turn!
Possible answers
2 Read them a story. / Read a story to them.
3 Give him some money. / Give some money to
him.
4 Make him a sandwich. / Make a sandwich for h5 Bring me a drink. / Bring a drink to me.
6 Tell him / her / your friend the answer. (This is most usual form with tell.)
7 Lend him / her / your friend your mobile phoneLend your mobile phone to him / her / your frie38 Verb + -ing or verb + to-infinitive; likand would like
A 2 to have 3 opening 4 being 5 to liste6 to change 7 to go / going 8 to take
9 eating 10 painting
B 2 I like playing tennis.
3 I would fd) like to be a chef.
4 Would you like to see my paintings?
5 We like going / to go to the theatre.
6 Would you like a drink?
C 2 doing 3 to have 4 to make 5 watch6 creating 7 to be 8 to understand
9 to see 10 to show
D 2 to buy 3 to learn 4 to teach
5 to study/studying 6 listening 7 spend8 writing 9 to get 10 to hear
192
My Turn!
Possible answers
3 I enjoy learning English.
4 I intend to do the PET exam.
5 One day my gran hopes to visit my auntie in
America.
6 My dog hates going for a walk.
7 I need to exercise more.
8 My mum promised to buy me a new bike.
39 State verbs
A 2d 3f 4a 5c 6b 7e
B 2 does it mean 3 's growing 4 disagree
5 is watching 6 don't understand
7 Do you remember
8 Are computers becoming 9 It seems
10 don't doubt 11 are not listening
12 believes
C 2 am ('mj thinking 3 is having 4 looks
5 have 6 does not (doesn't) think
7 are... looking
My Turn!
Possible answers
2 I can smell flowers.
3 I can hear birds / insects.
4 It feels smooth / soft.
5 It tastes bitter / sweet.
6 I can smell dry sand.
7 I can hear nothing/the wind.
8 I can see dry sand/the horizon.
9 I feel alone/frightened / excited.
R7 Review: verb structures
A 2h 3i 4k 5b 6j 7e 8d 9c 10a
l l f 12g
B 2 Yesterday David suggested going bowling
tonight,
3 My mum decided to throw away my old
trainers yesterday.
4 We want to make a birthday card for Sharon.
5 Last night, I finished studying at 10 pm.
6 I don't mind waiting for you.
7 She promised to take me to the cinema.
8 Last week, Duncan offered to buy me a ticket.
9 I need to speak to Jo now.
10 Alison refused to pay for her dinner.
C 2 How many brothers does Steven have?
3 What are you worried about?
4 Who does this guitar belong to?
5 What kind of house have you got?
6 What time did the plane take off?
7 What does this word mean?
8 Where would Pauline like to go?
9 What does this sandwich taste like?
10 Who were they waiting for?
D 2 planned 3 wanted 4 offered 5 prefer
6 make 7 made 8 laughed 9 getting
10 getting 11 turned 12 looked 13 sat
14 got 15 had 16 wait 17 bought
E 2 to 3 at 4 about 5 on 6 of
7 for 8 on
F 2 had 3 to 4 after 5 up 6 looks
7 for 8 'd like 9 like 10 Think about
11 up 12 turned it up
40 Countable and uncountable nouns
A can be used in the plural: beach, car, cup, job,
melon, piece, room, table, wave
can't be used in the plural: bread, cotton,
furniture, happiness, luggage, traffic, work
B2a3-4-5-6-7a8 a
9 - 10 - 1 1 - 12 a
C 2 information 3 sandwiches 4 comes
5 advice 6 hair; eyes 7 is 8 buses
9 luck 10 is
My Turn!
Possible answers
2 I cannot live without a car / food / friends.
3 A car is / Food is / Weekends are the best!
4 A car is / Money is / Good looks are not essential
in life.
5 A friend is / Love is / Good looks are all you need.
(The original line 'Love is all you need' comes
from a Beatles song.)
6 A weekend doesn't / Love doesn't / Good looks
don't last forever.
7 Everyone needs a friend / work / music.
8 Music / A friend / Knowledge is beautiful.
41 Plural nouns
A 2 girls 3 tables 4 people 5 legs
6 beaches 7 tomatoes 8 bikes
9 countries 10 sheep 11 foxes
12 photos 13 families 14 wishes
B 2 bags 3 children 4 wives 5 teeth
6 pianos 7 wolves 8 buses
9 women 10 sandwiches
C 2 has 3 eat 4 are 5 comes 6 is
7 Do 8 understand 9 lives 10 Are
D 2 models 3 rooms 4 clocks 5 watches
6 meetings 7 trees 8 children 9 people
10 boxes 11 shelves
My Turn!
Possible answers
2 I like Mondays but I don't know why!
3 I like black jeans. They are (Ve) cool.
4 I don't like cheese sandwiches because they're
not tasty.
5 I like butterflies. They're beautiful.
6 I like hip-hop music because my friend likes it.
7 I don't like orange furniture. It's strange.
I don't like rats because they are dirty.
I like French food. It's delicious.
I don't like tests because I get nervous.
42 Articles 1
A 2 a nurse 3 the cat 4 Manchester
5 a tomato 6 the scissors 7 chocolate
8 a horror story 9 the game 10 Sport
11 an older brother 12 the Post Office
B 2-3an4a5a6-7a8th e
9 the 10 a 11 the 12 the 13 the
14 the 15 a 16 the 17 The 18 the
19 an 20 the 21 the 22 a 23 the
24 the 25 - 26 the 27 the 28 the
C 2 The colours of the English flag are red and
blue. False. (They're red and white.)
3 Cats have nine lives. False.
4 There is a town called Moscow in America.
True.
5 'Musicals' are plays or films with singers and
dancers. True.
6 A mile is longer than a kilometre. True.
7 Elvis Presley played a concert in London.
False. (Elvis never visited England.)
8 The original name of New York was New
Rome. False. (It was New Amsterdam.)
My Turn!
Possible answers
There are birds in the tree. The leaves on the tree are
brown. I don't like cats, but I like birds.
43 Articles 2
A 2 the 3 a 4 The 5 a 6 the 7 the
8 an
B 3a 4b 5b 6a 7a 8b 9b 10a
C 2 Where is the party tomorrow?
3 It was an exciting night.
4 Who is the most beautiful?
5 A horse is an animal.
6 Hot milk is nice on a cold day. / Cold milk is
nice on a hot day.
7 The car park is full again.
8 People need music.
D 2 -music 3 the forest 4 a tree
5 the birds 6 The sun 7 -woo d
8 a guitar 9 the road 10 a knife
11 the tree
My Turn!
Some of the answers are possible ones.
2 The viola/The piano 3 The sea.
4 -Mil k /-Sugar 5 A ship. 6 The moon.
7 A credit card. 8 - Happiness./-Love.
R8 Review: nouns and articles
A 3 dogs 4 men 5 shoes 6 tomatoes
7 boxes 8 tables 9 computers 10 mice
11 teeth 12 bananas 13 knives
14 houses 15 dictionaries
B 2 Those ladies have pretty babies.
3 The men are going to buy (some) new watches.
4 The women found (some) mice under the
pianos.
5 Those girls stole (some) glasses.
6 These buses have (some) broken windows.
7 The children are eating (some) potatoes.
8 Those farmers are buying (some) sheep and fish.
C a/an some
city, family, advice, air, fun, furniture,
feeling, game, help, information,
garden, ice cream, luggage, music, soap,
problem, tree, soup, work
trip
D 2 a 3 some 4 a 5 Some 6 any
7 any 8 some 9 a 10 some
E 3b 4a 5a 6b 7a 8b 9b 10a ll a 12b
F 2 an 3 A 4 - 5 the 6 the 7 the
8 the 9 the 10 - 11 the 12 a
13 the 14 the 15 the 16 the 17 the
18 - 19 the 20 - 21 a 22 the
23 the/a 24 a 25 the 26 the
G 2 plays the violin 3 on / at the/a beach
4 all the cheese 5 the only brother of
6 an hour 7 the bank for a
8 on a business trip
44 This, that, these, those
A 2 This 3 Those 4 this 5 This 6 these
7 That 8 That
B 2 this 3 these 4 that 5 this
6 this 7 That 8 those
C Possible answers
2 How much are these?
3 Who's that?
4 That's
5 Look at those flowers! / Aren't those flowers
lovely!
6 are these your glasses
7 is this your phone
Answer key 193
My Turn!
Possible answers
These are my brothers, Tim and Tom. This buliding
is my aunt's house. That tree behind the house is a
cherry tree.
45 Some, any, no, none
A 3 She has some bananas.
4 She doesn't have any tomatoes. / She has no
tomatoes.
5 She doesn't have any coffee. / She has no coffee.
6 She has some soap.
B 2 any 3 no 4 some 5 none 6 no
7 any 8 none 9 any 10 Some
C 2 A: Have you got some / any American dollars
with you?
B: Yes, I've got some.
3 A: Would you like some / any help?
B: I don't need any, thanks.
4 A: I need some biscuits.
B: I'm sorry, we don't have any (biscuits). / I'm
sorry, there are none / there aren't any.
5 A: Do you understand any of the questions?
B: No, none.
6 A: Yes, we've got some. Which do you want?
B: Any.
D 2 Some friendly people 3 any noisy factories
4 some delicious seafood
5 some beautiful walks
6 any money
My Turn!
Possible answers
3 The art gallery has some great paintings.
4 There are no sharks in the sea.
5 There isn't any problem with pollution.
6 Some people speak English.
7 We don't get any snow in winter.
46 Something, everywhere, nobody, anyone
A 2e 3f 4b 5g 6c 7a
B 2 anything 3 something 4 nothing
5 anything 6 something 7 someone
8 Everybody
C 2 something 3 everyone / everybody
4 someone / somebody / no one / nobody
5 anyone / anybody 6 anything
7 something 8 anyone / anybody
9 somewhere
D 2 I could see someone / somebody / everyone /
everybody.
3 I didn't tell the police officer anything. / I told
the police officer nothing.
4 The woman didn't tell me anything interesting.
/The woman told me nothing interesting/The
woman told me something boring.
5 Nobody / No one is happy / Everyone is sad.
6 Everybody / Everyone knows.
7 There was something unusual about her.
8 He's (He has) been everywhere / somewhere.
My Turn!
Possible answers
2 someone 3 Everybody 4 anywhere
5 nothing; nothing 6 Everyone 7 Nobody
47 Much, many, a lot of, a little, a few
A 2 much 3 Many 4 much 5 many
6 many 7 much 8 many 9 much
10 many
B Possible answers
2 A few sweets are not bad for you. / A little salt in
your food is not bad for you.
3 A little love is better than none. / A few days off
are better than none.
4 A few arguments are nothing to worry about. / A
little rain is nothing to worry about.
C 2 a lot of / lots of [many wouldn't be used here
as this text is written in an informal style)
3 many / a lot of / lots of
4 much / a lot of
5 A few
6 a lot of / lots of [many wouldn't be used here
as this text is written in an informal style)
7 much/a lot of 8 a few 9 a little
My Turn!
Possible answers
1 A lot / Not much / Only a little.
2 A lot / Not much / Only a little.
3 A lot / Not many / Only a few.
4 A lot / Not many / Only a few.
5 A lot/Not much/Only a little.
6 A lot / Not many / Only a few.
7 A lot / Not much / Only a little.
8 A lot / Not many / Only a few.
48 Subject and object pronouns
A 2 It 3 She:(fhem> 4 he 5 vou:(me)
6 (ft © 7 Youihl^ 8 We; ®
B 2 She 3 He 4 You 5 They 6 It
C 2 We 3 them 4 you 5 him 6 them
7 They 8 it; her 9 them; me 10 us
D 2 She 3 they 4 her 5 They 6 We
7 you 8 us/it 9 it 10 They 11 them
E It has a big garden but most people don't know
that it is a magic garden! Mr and Mrs Strange have
a daughter, Mary Strange. Last summer, my brother
and I saw her outside. She had a golden key. She
took it, went to the gate of the garden and opened
it. Quietly, we followed her inside. We saw Mr and
Mrs Strange. They were sitting in a tree. Mary flew
to them. A bird in the tree spoke to her and she
answered it. We ran away.
My Turn!
3 I like / don't like them. 4 I like / don't like it.
5 I like / don't like him / her.
6 I like / don't like it. 7 I like / don't like her.
8 I like / don't like him. 9 I like / don't like them.
49 Possessive's
A 2 Rosa 3 Emilio 4 Anna and Fabio
5 Pietro and Stefano 6 Joe
Possible answers
8 is Anna's husband / Pietro and Stefano's father
9 is Pietro's wife / Joe and Carla's mother
10 is Pietro's brother / Joe's (Carla's) uncle
11 is Joe's sister / Pietro and Catherine's daughter /
Anna and Lucio's granddaughter
12 are Pietro and Catherine's children / Anna and
Lucio's grandchildren / Emilio and Rosa's greatgrandchildren
B 2 Emilio's 3 Emilio's
4 Rosa and Emilio's / Emilio and Rosa's
5 Rosa's 6 Rosa and Emilio's / Emilio and Rosa's
C 2 Jack's 3 man's 4 Women's 5 managers'
6 Young people's 7 country's 8 parents'
9 husband's
My Turn!
Possible answers
My dad's favourite sport is motor racing.
My mum's birthday is in July.
My sister's hobby is surfing.
My grandparents' home is in the country.
My cousin's job is easy.
My brother's room is very untidy.
My sister's school is at the end of the road.
50 Whose?, my, mine
A 2 my 3 his 4 my 5 her 6 my/our
7 our 8 your 9 my/our 10 their
B 2 hers 3 My; Mine 4 their 5 her
6 My; yours 7 It's 8 their 9 your
C 2 her 3 His 4 our 5 theirs 6 his
7 its/their 8 her 9 theirs 10 Our; ours
11 his 12 yours
My Turn!
Possible answers
2 Yes, I do. / No, mine is silver. / No, my phone is
silver.
3 Yes, he / she does. / No, his / hers is a VW. / No,
his / her car is a VW.
4 Yes, he / she does. / No, his / hers is black. / No,
his / her bag is black.
5 Yes, it is. / No, ours is small. / No, our (family)
home is small.
6 Yes, they do. / No, theirs is old. / No, their
computer is old.
7 Yes, I do. / No, mine is untidy. / No, my bedroom
is untidy.
5 1 There and it
A Any order possible:
3 There are some books.
4 There are some boxes.
5 There isn't a clock.
6 There's a computer.
7 There isn't a lamp.
8 There aren't any people.
9 There aren't any pictures.
10 There's a telephone.
B 2 There isn't 3 There is 4 it
5 It's 6 It 7 there is 8 It's 9 It isn't
10 it 11 there
C 2 It was my birthday yesterday.
3 It was lovely to see you again.
4 There were a lot of people.
5 (Once) there were (once) bears in England
(once).
6 It was almost time for bed.
7 There was some water in the bottle.
8 It was three kilometres long.
D 2 it is (it's) 3 There are 4 There is (There's)
5 it is (it's) 6 There are 7 it is (it's)
8 there are not (aren't) 9 It is not (isn't/'s not)
10 there are
My Turn!
Possible answers
2 There's some information on the website. It's
really interesting.
3 There's a text message from Susie. It's for you.
4 There's a bus at the bus stop. It's very late!
5 There's a good programme on television. It's
really funny!
R9 Review: pronouns; possessives;
quantifiers
A 3 1 4 our 5 they 6 They 7 us
8 we 9 them 10 We 11 them
12 our 13 it 14 It 15 our 16 it
17 ours 18 my/our 19 She 20 our
21 she 22 your 23 my 24 it
25 your 26 you 27 me 28 I
194
B Possible answers
2 It's 11.30. 3 It's red, blue and white.
4 There's a man on a bicycle.
5 There aren't many. 6 It's Maria.
7 There are foxes and wolves.
8 It was on Monday.
9 There was a fi Im about dragons.
10 It was sunny.
C 2 brother's... he's 3 Samantha's ... parents'
4 It's ... isn't 5 friend's... doesn't
6 I'll 7 brother's... doesn't 8 children's
9 Maria's... horses' 10 Terry's
D 2 in Barry and Gary's / their
3 are my dad's 4 lend you mine
5 Their house is 6 listens to her
7 you give me
E 2 many 3 Everybody 4 Many 5 A
6 Nobody 7 much 8 Lots 9 of
10 lot of 11 little 12 any 13 much
14 many 15 anything
F 2 that 3 somewhere 4 some 5 That
6 any 7 any 8 lots of 9 any 10 a few
11 any 12 some 13 a few 14 the
15 some 16 a lot of 17 A few of 18 much
19 anywhere 20 nowhere 21 -
52 Adjectives
A ancient city
careless man /worker
cold weather / city / day
empty glass / city
great city / day / time / weather / worker
terrible day / time / weather / worker
ugly face / man / city
useful information / glass
young face / worker
B 2 a credit card 3 a CD player
4 a toothbrush 5 a bedroom
6 a train station 7 a postman
8 a taxi driver
C Possible answers
2 It is (It's) not far from here, (the cinema)
3 It was a very busy place, (the airport)
4 She doesn't look very well, (my friend)
5 These flowers smell lovely, (roses)
6 She does not (doesn't) seem very friendly, (my
neighbour)
7 It is not (It's not / It isn't) a good idea, (smoking)
8 He is (He's) my favourite actor. (Johnny Depp)
9 They do not (don't) taste nice, (olives)
10 He is fs) always asleep! (my brother)
D
Possible answers
2 The homework was
3 My lunch was quite
4 Atyrannosaurus rex was
5 I feel a bit
6 I am quite
7 My bedroom is a little
8 I am
9 I am very
10 The house is very
My Turn!
Possible answers
2 I felt nervous, but also excited.
3 Every visitor must go to the Charles Bridge. It's
a famous bridge across the Vltava river. It is very
busy in the day but at night it is quiet.
4 From an aeroplane the city looks very big. All the
houses have red roofs.
5 The people are very friendly.
6 The city seems safe at night.
7 I miss the culture. In Prague there are a lot of
interesting galleries and festivals.
53 Order of adjectives
opinion size quality age
amazing [big] dirty modern
famous enormous happy new
handsome short quiet
colour origin material
brown Asian cheese
golden Roman glass
white Swiss
B 2 heavy silver Olympic
3 tired Kenyan marathon
4 amazing new 100-metre
5 tall slim basketball
6 long 70-metre discus
C 2 football 3 brown 4 real 5 tall
6 hard 7 golf 8 family
My Turn!
Possible answers
2 my expensive new brown shoes
3 an enormous white plastic watch
4 a dirty old glass window
5 a famous young Asian footballer
6 an amazing big cheese sandwich
54 Comparatives
A 2 longer 3 more dangerous
4 politer / more polite 5 rarer
6 farther / further 7 more expensive
8 older 9 younger 10 heavier
B 2 Flying is less dangerous than / not as
dangerous as driving.
3 Silver is less rare than / not as rare as gold.
4 One kilometre is less far than / not as far as
one mile.
5 Seoul is less expensive than / not as expensive
as Tokyo.
6 Moscow is less old than / not as old as Madrid.
C 3 more expensive 4 as big as
5 further / farther 6 better
7 worse 8 later / better
My Turn!
Possible answers
2 The giraffe is a bit taller than the elephant.
3 The elephant is far heavier than the monkey.
4 The lion is a bit shorter than the zebra.
5 The snake is a lot more dangerous than the
monkey.
6 The zebra is a little slower than the lion.
55 Superlatives
A 2 most dangerous * safest
3 best* worst 4 most hard-working ? laziest
5 most interesting * most boring
6 oldest * newest 7 saddest * happiest
8 strongest * weakest 9 wettest * driest
B 4 The rabbit... the longest
5 The dog ... the biggest
6 The strawberry jam is the cheapest.
7 The raspberry jam is the most expensive.
8 Tom ... the most unusual
C Possible answers
2 The dog is the nicest.
3 The sheep is the most useful.
4 The mouse is the least useful.
5 The elephant is the least interesting.
6 The horse is the most interesting.
7 The horse is the fastest.
8 The elephant is the most dangerous.
9 The sheep is the least dangerous.
D 2 Mount Everest is the highest mountain.
3 The Vatican City is the smallest country.
4 The blue whale is the largest animal.
5 Antarctica is the coldest continent.
6 Hydrogen is the most common gas.
7 Sirius is the brightest star.
8 Baikal is the deepest lake.
My Turn!
Possible answers
2 This is the fastest car!
3 This is the lightest mobile!
4 This is the friendliest dog!
5 This is the most comfortable flat!
6 Our coffee is the best!
56 Adverbs of manner
A 2 badly 3 quickly 4 noisily 5 easily
6 slowly 7 carefully
B 2 far 3 happily 4 fast 5 well 6 carefully
7 early 8 immediately 9 suddenly 10 late
C Possible answers
2 Leonardo da Vinci could paint very well.
3 Rocky Marciano could hit hard.
4 Carl Lewis could run very quickly.
5 The Beatles could sing very well.
6 Pele could play football beautifully.
7 Garry Kasparov could play chess brilliantly.
My Turn!
Possible answers
2 She is fs) smiling happily.
3 They are fre) talking angrily.
4 He is fs) walking slowly.
5 He is fs) eating unhealthily / badly.
6 She is fs) leaving the house quietly.
57 Comparative and superlative adverbs
A 2 [early]-earlier-earliest
3 easily - [more easily] - most easily
4 [far] - farther / further - farthest / furthest
5 well - [better] - best
6 happily - more happily - [most happily]
7 slowly - [more slowly] - most slowly
8 [safely] - more safely - most safely
B 2 sooner 3 highest 4 more safely
5 worse 6 more seriously 7 accurately
8 most carefully
C 2 farther / further; False 3 more quickly; True
4 faster; True 5 higher; False
6 better; True 7 more easily; False
8 more deeply; True
D
Possible answers
2 My sister draws best.
3 My mum works hardest.
4 Stefan writes most clearly.
5 Marco lives farthest / furthest from here.
6 My dad sings worst.
7 My brother sleeps longest.
8 My cousin eats his lunch most quickly.
My Turn!
Possible answers
2 Tim has eaten his meal fastest.
3 Kim is eating most tidily and most slowly.
4 Kim is eating least quickly.
5 Kim has climbed higher.
6 Tim has climbed less high.
7 Kim is smiling more happily.
8 Tim is smiling less happily.
Answer key 195
58 -ed and -ing adjectives
A 2 disappointed 3 interesting 4 exciting
5 terrifying 6 relaxed 7 surprising
8 worried 9 boring 10 annoyed
B 2 surprising 3 interested 4 exciting
5 disappointed 6 shocked 7 confused
8 frightening 9 bored 10 amazing
11 interesting
C 2 a) boring b) exciting
3 b) worried c) interested
4 a) tired b) amazing
5 b) frightening c) relaxing
My Turn!
Possible answers
2 I'm shocked and frightened.
3 I'm pleased and excited.
4 It's very surprising but I'm very pleased.
5 I'm amazed. It's amazing!
6 This is terrifying. I'm frightened.
7 I'm not worried but it's annoying.
8 I'm annoyed but this isn't very surprising.
59 Too and enough
A 2 The shoe was too small. Cinderella
3 There were not enough mattresses. The
Princess and the Pea
4 There were too many rats in the city. The Pied
Piper ofHamelin
5 He was too ugly. The Ugly Duckling
6 He slept too much. Rip Van Winkle
B 2 too 3 too 4 too many 5 too
6 too much 7 too 8 too many 9 too much
C 2 There are not enough women police officers.
3 He doesn't work fast enough.
4 I can't reach it - I'm not tall enough.
5 Do you have enough money?
6 There's never enough time for everything.
7 This camera is small enough to fit in your pocket.
D 2 enough butter
3 too hard
4 enough rain
5 is fs) too sweet
6 enough money
7 too much traffic
8 too many people
My Turn!
Possible answers
2 How much money have you saved? Enough / Not
enough!
3 How much football is there on TV? Enough / Not
enough!/Too much!
4 How many exams do you have every month?
Enough / Not enough! / Too many!
5 How many text messages do you receive? Enough
/ Not enough! / Too many!
6 How much sleep do you get? Enough / Not
enough!/Too much!
7 How many weekends are there in a year? Enough
/ Not enough! / Too many!
8 How much music do you listen to? Enough / Not
enough / Too much!
60 Adverbs of frequency
A 2 It rarely snows 3 don't always save
4 is hardly ever wrong 5 Do you often take
6 They normally go 7 We often have
8 is always on time
9 My mum sometimes doesn't
10 has never had
B 2 She rarely wears jeans in the office.
3 She always remembers her boss's birthday.
4 She is often late
5 She never works at the weekend.
6 She usually has lunch in a cafe.
C 2 I usually wear jeans.
3 My sister is hardly ever late.
4 Sandra often phones (me).
5 My boss rarely goes on holiday.
6 The book is sometimes useful.
7 Guests must always lock their rooms.
8 I have never been to Portugal.
My Turn!
Possible answers
2 I usually go to bed at the same time.
3 I hardly ever dream about animals.
4 My dreams never come true.
5 I have often seen my friends in dreams.
6 Sometimes I wake up because of a bad dream.
7 I usually tell my friends about my dreams.
8 I have never dreamed in English.
RIO Review: adjectives and adverbs
A 2 nicer, the nicest, nicely, more nicely, most
nicely
3 easier, the easiest, easily, more easily, most
easily
4 quieter, the quietest, quietly, more quietly,
most quietly
5 faster, the fastest, fast, faster, fastest
6 sadder, the saddest, sadly, more sadly, most
sadly
7 better, the best, well, better, the best
8 more expensive, the most expensive,
expensively, more expensively, most
expensively
9 worse, the worst, badly, worse, worst
10 further / farther, the furthest / farthest, far,
further / farther, furthest / farthest
11 more interesting, the most interesting,
interestingly, more interestingly, most
interestingly
12 friendlier, the friendliest, in a friendly way, in
a friendlier way, in the friendliest way
B 2 the 3 as 4 than 5 the 6 more
7 more 8 less
C 2 the worst driver 3 further from the sea
4 loudly enough
5 expensive new American sports
6 more slowly than I
7 in a silly way 8 is less interesting than
9 lot less warm
D Possible answers
2 I always study hard before an important exam.
3 Please speak more quietly. The baby is asleep.
4 I hardly ever get up early when I'm on holiday.
5 You never wear your old blue coat.
6 (Sometimes) I (sometimes) don't answer my
important emails quickly.
7 He's a very nice man, but he's a bit boring.
8 My new car is a lot better than my old one.
9 She never laughs and she doesn't often smile.
10 You eat too quickly and you don't eat enough
fresh vegetables.
E 3b 4a 5b 6a 7b 8a 9a 10b ll a
12b 13b 14a 15a 16b
F Possible answer
Once upon a time, there was a silly,young boy
called Jack. He lived quietly with his old mother.
They were very poor. They didn't have enough
money. They had dirty old clothes. They had just
one thin cow.
One sad day Jack's mother told silly Jack
to take the thin cow to the colourful market in
the big city. Jack and the sad cow walked to the
market slowly. Suddenly, Jack heard somebody
calling his name in a friendly way. He turned
round quickly and saw a strange man. The strange
man was wearing colourful clothes ...
61 Prepositions of place
A 2 at 3 opposite 4 in front of 5 above
6 near 7 in 8 on
B 2 in the south of the island
3 at the bottom of the page
4 above the line 5 outside the shop
6 near me 7 behind the building
8 in the city / inside the city / in the centre of
the city 9 at the end of the film
C 2 on 3 in 4 behind 5 at 6 between
7 at 8 in front of 9 by 10 in
My Turn!
Possible answers
2 in my pocket
3 under the bed / behind the sofa
4 at a party / at school
5 in Ruskin Street / at 19 Ruskin Street
6 in Milan
7 outside the house / in the garage / next to the
house
8 at school / at home
62 Prepositions of time: at, in, on
A
on in at
22 June 1999 breakfast
Monday the afternoon midnight
your birthday the rainy season the moment
13 September two years'time the weekend
Thursday winter
B 3b 4a 5a 6b 7a 8b 9b 10a
C 3 on 4 - 5 at 6 in 7 - 8 in
D 2 at 3 in 4 in 5 at 6 - 7 at
8 on 9 at 10 -
My Turn!
Possible answers
2 the weekend 3 four years 4 Friday night
5 ten o'clock 6 a few months'
7 the spring 8 Saturday
63 Prepositions of movement
A 2 Get out of the car. 3 Walk under it.
4 Jack went down the hill.
5 We got on / onto the train.
6 She is coming / going to Palermo.
7 I walked to the park. 8 We got off the plane.
9 Walk slowly towards the lion.
B 2 Up the cheese. 3 Over the cheese.
4 To (towards) the cheese. 5 From the cheese.
6 Into (in) the cheese. 7 Out of the cheese.
8 (A)round the cheese.
C 2a 3d 4b 5d 6c 7b 8d 9c 10a
My Turn!
Possible answers
Go round the mountains and walk round the lake. Go
along the river and over the bridge to the old house.
Go into the house. The treasure is behind the door.
R l 1 Review: prepositions
A 2 between two 3 in front of 4 at 3 in
5 the day before yesterday 6 out of
7 visited her last 8 at the moment
196
B 2 on 3 at 4 in 5 on 6 at 7 on
8 in 9 on 10 at 11 in 12 on
13 in 14 on 15 at 16 in 17 at 18 in
C 2f 3i 4b 5c 6e 7d 8j 9h 10a
D 2 in 3 At 4 off 5 out of 6 through
7 down 8 on 9 round 10 into
11 behind 12 opposite 13 out of
14 towards 15 at 16 towards 17 near
18 under 19 past 20 into 21 to
22 up 23 At 24 below 25 along
26 off 27 on 28 between
E 2 I'll meet you in half an hour in front of the
cinema.
3 He took the pizza out of the box and put it
into the oven.
4 I'm going to visit her in hospital the day after
tomorrow.
5 They live in an apartment on the eighth floor.
6 I always sit next to my best friend at school.
7 We usually go to work by train but on Tuesday
we went by taxi.
8 The dog ran along the road and jumped over
the wall.
64 Passive: present and past simple
A 2d 3a 4f 5i 6c 7j 8e 9g 10b
B 2 is done 3 are given 4 was started
5 is bought 6 Is ... learned / learnt
7 was discovered 8 are produced
9 Were ... sent 10 was invented
C 2 was eaten by 3 The Queen opened
4 were called 5 Did he write
6 is not (isn't) accepted
D 2 am ('m) woken 3 are emptied
4 am ('m) shocked 5 was left 6 was taken
7 was sold 8 was put 9 was broken
10 was given
My Turn!
Possible answers
2 Food is bought. Money is paid.
3 Children are taught. Friends are made.
4 Films are watched. Popcorn is eaten.
5 Computers are used. Emails are sent.
6 Rooms are cleaned. Food is prepared.
7 Tickets are sold. Trains are caught.
8 Information is found. Websites are used.
65 Zero and first conditionals
A 2 makes 3 melts 4 eat 5 kills
6 do not (don't mix)
B 2e 3d 4a 5b 6f 7c 8g
2 You'll get cold if you don't put your coat on.
3 If we study hard, we will do well in our exams.
4 If the men do not leave, the army will attack.
5 What will you do if the shop is closed?
6 I don't work very well if the TV is on.
7 I might go to school tomorrow if I feel better.
8 If I give you some money, will you pay for the
tickets?
C 2 is; will go up 3 do not (don't) phone; gets
4 drive; will (Tl) get 5 go; feel / are feeling
6 does not (doesn't) practise; will not (won't) be
7 get; will (Tl) be 8 will (Tl) be; stop
My Turn!
Possible answers
2 we'll go early.
3 if it's raining / if it rains.
4 I'll go on my own.
5 if we don't have enough money for the bus.
6 we'll come back in the afternoon.
66 Second conditional
A 2 won; would ('d) be 3 felt; would fd) see
4 would not (wouldn't) speak; broke
5 would ('d) move; lived 6 had; would ... learn
7 did not (didn't) like; would fd) change
8 Would ... run; saw
B 2a 3b 4d 5a 6c 7b 8b 9d 10c
C 2f 3g 4h 5d 6e 7a 8b
2 If I saw a strange light in the sky, I might
think it was a spaceship.
3 If I had no friends, I could / might join a
sports club.
4 If I learned 700 new words today, I could not
(couldn't) might not remember them all.
5 If I found a book of magic, I might not want
to read it.
6 If I travelled back in time, I could / might visit
Cleopatra.
7 If I wrote a pop song, I could / might become
a pop star.
8 If I spent three hours in the bathroom every
morning, I could / might make my family very
angry.
My Turn!
Possible answers
2 If I won a free plane ticket, ...
3 If the house was on fire,...
4 ... if everyone smiled more.
5 If I forgot Lucy's birthday,...
6 ... if I had a History test tomorrow.
7 If I moved house,...
8 If there were no buses,...
R12 Review: the passive; conditionals
A 2e 3a 4f 5i 6c 7b 8h 9d
B 2 are sold in that shop
3 was given this sweater by my sister
4 hair is cut by my aunt
5 was taught to sing by a famous opera singer
6 are taught to swim by Mr Hill
7 dinner will be cooked by Uncle Brian
8 were told to stay in your room
C 2 think 3 use 4 are cut 5 are put
6 was filmed 7 was given
8 was discovered 9 was added
10 needed 11 was chosen 12 discovered
13 caused 14 were broken / broke
15 were blown down 16 were damaged
17 fell 18 lost 19 was hurt
D 2 If Mick was/were taller, he would fd) be a
great basketball player.
3 This computer will not (won't) work unless you
turn it on.
4 If I knew the answer, I would fd) tell you.
5 If I were / was you, I would not (wouldn't)
wear that hat.
6 You can't come in unless you have a ticket.
7 Where would you go if you could fly?
8 I might win the competition if I am f m) lucky.
E Possible answers
2 I'll take my sister. 3 if I needed it.
4 the weather is bad.
5 I'd ask them to come round.
6 I'd be surprised. 7 I saw an accident.
8 I would love it.
F 2 wouldn't ask 3 had 4 buy/bought
5 has /had 6 will/would be able to
7 buy/bought 8 would
9 would you feel 10 gave 11 was
12 would be 13 hit 14 light up
15 does / would she want 16 wants /wanted
17 loses/lost 18 will / would be able to
19 has 20 will try 21 can't 22 are
23 will phone 24 will have to
67 Reported speech
A 2 T want to go to Sophie's party.'
3 T don't know Sophie.'
4 'Sophie is having a party tomorrow.'
5 'Everyone is invited to the party'
6 'I'm surprised that everyone is going.'
7 'It will be great if we go together.'
8 'I'll think about i f
B 2 He thought (that) he needed a towel.
3 She said (that) she had a lot of work to do.
4 He thought (that) the map / it wasn't clear.
5 They thought (that) they were winning.
6 She said (that) she wasn't answering his
question.
C 2 needed it that 3 they had
4 was busy then 5 go the week
6 the next / following day
My Turn!
Possible answers
2 Mr Brown knew it was Sophie's fault.
3 Mrs Brown said she wanted to stay in a hotel.
4 She thought she needed a holiday.
5 The Browns thought that they needed the police.
6 They told the police they wanted to move house.
7 They said Sophie would never have another
birthday party.
68 Say and tell
A 2 say 3 telling 4 told 5 said 6 tell
7 tell 8 says /said
B 2 What did you tell the police officer to do? /
What did the police officer tell you to do?
3 The customers said they were not happy.
4 Have you told anyone about your problems?
5 She said she would get up early.
6 I will tell you about the match later.
7 Passengers were told to go to platform 3.
8 My dad said he was not feeling very well.
9 She told everyone not to go in.
10 We told them we could not come.
C 2 He told me to call back later.
3 We told the others not to leave without us.
4 I will tell her to wait outside.
5 Tell the driver not to park in front of the house.
6 I told Simon not to be late.
7 The girl told her friend not to say anything.
8 He always tells me not to worry.
My Turn!
Possible answers
2 The teacher was telling a good joke.
3 He wasn't telling the truth.
4 He was telling a story.
5 She was telling (her / her friend) a secret.
6 He said sorry.
69 Defining relative clauses
A Squash is a racket sport which bovs in a London
school invented in the 19th century. It is played
by two players in a court that has four walls.
Players hit the ball around the walls of the court.
The ball travels very quickly.
Answer key 197
Squash is a healthy sport but it is not good for
people who are not very strong! It has become an
internationally popular sport which many people
think should be in the Olympics. But there is a
problem with this. People who come to watch the
matches do not always enjoy them. They find it
difficult to see the ball!
B 2 which 3 who 4 which 5 who
6 who 7 which 8 which
C 2 Matkot is a beach game which /that is played
all over the world.
3 An ecologist is a scientist who / that studies
the environment.
4 Is that the girl who / that you saw at the
party? / Is that the girl you saw at the party?
5 A penguin is a bird which / that can't fly.
6 I don't know the doctor who / that is coming
to see you.
7 The actress who / that was in Superman is on
TV tonight. / The actress who / that is on TV
tonight was in Superman.
8 We're going to the hotel which / that is near
the beach. / The hotel which / that we're going
to is near the beach. / The hotel we're going to
is near the beach. /
My Turn!
Possible answers
2 Neighbours are people who live next to you.
3 A musician is a person who plays an
instrument.
4 A chef is someone who cooks food.
5 A telescope is a thing you use to look at the
stars.
6 An astronaut is a person who travels into
space.
7 Friends are people who understand you.
8 A dinosaur was an animal that lived on Earth
millions of years ago.
9 A ring is a thing you wear on your finger.
10 A knife is a thing you use to cut food.
R13 Review: reported speech; say / tell;
relative clauses
A 2 him he couldn't go out the next day because
his aunt was coming / going to stay with them.
3 Zoe to come / go to her house later. She said
she would show her her photos.
4 he couldn't play the guitar but he was quite
good at singing.
5 they used to have a dog but now they have /
had a cat.
6 children to put their coats there and that they
could collect them later.
7 Paula he'd like to speak English as well as her.
8 if they didn't stop talking, she would phone
their mother.
B 2 'I can't. I'm talking to my friend.'
3 'My friend is angry with me.'
4 'He will (Tl) be very very angry if I turn the
phone off'
5 T will (Tl) be very very very angry if you don't
turn the phone off.'
6 'I can't talk right now. A policeman wants to
talk to me.'
7 'I'm looking for a criminal.'
8 'I want to look in your bag.'
9 'You can't. It's full of stolen money from the
bank.'
10 'You'rejoking.'
C 3b 4a 5b 6a 7a 8b 9b 10a
D 2 told the children a 3 Adam said sorry
4 I don't like you 5 I'll study tomorrow
6 tell you a 7 that he used to 8 told me a lie
E 2 The photo which you took of me is terrible!
3 The student who I'm teaching is from China.
4 Where did I put that book which I was
reading?
5 I met someone who went to primary school
with you.
6 Was the doctor who you saw nice?
7 The bus which goes to the town centre
doesn't stop here.
8 The people who live next door have eight cats.
9 Was the present which you gave me
expensive?
10 People who run every day are usually healthy.
F 2h 3b 4g 5i 6f 7c 8d 9a
2 A shopaholic is a person who loves shopping!
3 An insect is an animal which has six legs.
4 A pet is an animal you look after at home.
5 Mercury is a planet which is very close to the
sun.
6 Oxygen is a gas we need to live.
7 A pilot is someone who flies a plane.
8 A poet is someone who writes poems.
9 Yoga is a type of exercise many people enjoy.
70 Linking words: and, but, or, so, because
A 3b 4a 5a 6b 7a 8b 9b 10a
B 2 and 3 or 4 but 5 so 6 and
7 because 8 or
C 2 Felix is friendly and his sister is really nice.
3 My dictionary is very small, so the word isn't
in it.
4 The party was OK but I felt a bit bored.
5 Have you been to Italy before or is this your
first time here?
6 I opened the bag and I saw the money.
7 Trevor can't sleep because he drank a lot of
coffee.
8 We heard a strange noise, so I phoned the
police.
D Shen-Nung was an Emperor r-He and he lived
in China. One day he went into the garden rHe
and (he) sat under a tree. It was a beautiful day r
Ft, but it was too hot. It was too and dry. ShenNung was thirsty r-He, so he asked for a drink.
Shen-Nung could drink something cold rHe or he
could have a cup of hot water. The Emperor chose
hot water 7+t because it was his usual afternoon
drink. He waited . The and the servant brought
the hot water. Shen-Nung closed his eyes
r-He because he felt tired . He felt and sleepy.
Some leaves fell from the treerfliey and they
went into his cup of water. Shen-Nung woke up
r-He and he took his cup. He drank the tea r-He
, but he didn't notice the leaves. The new drink
was unusual. The new drink was but very tasty
r-He, so he made another cup of hot water with
leaves. Shen-Nung is now famous r-He because he
invented tea.
My Turn!
Possible answers
2 and made breakfast.
3 because there are a lot of parks.
4 Getting up early ... so I am often late.
5 ... get a job ... travel around Asia.
6 My sister... because she took my make-up.
7 ... a mobile phone ... a poster of Juventus
8 ... because I have some friends from Canada.
9 ... so people should use public transport.
10 ... my family and friends.
71 Time and sequence adverbs: Srst,
then, afterwards
A 2 first 3 next 4 finally 5 Afterwards
B Possible answers
2 Second, put in / enter your pin code.
3 Third, choose an amount of money.
4 Fourth, take your card (out of the machine).
5 Next, take your money.
6 Finally, put the money in your wallet.
C 2 First 3 First; Second; then/finally
4 then/after that 5 After that /Then
6 First; Next; after that / then / finally
7 then
My Turn!
Possible answer
Then put butter or mayonnaise on the bread. Next,
cut some cheese or ham. Put the cheese on one piece
of bread. Finally, put the other piece of bread on top
and eat it. Afterwards, have a drink.
72 Both, either, neither
A 2 Both 3 Neither 4 both of 5 Either
6 neither of 7 both 8 either
B 2 Neither of them like / likes Oxford. / Neither
Lyra nor Roger like / likes Oxford.
3 Neither of them can use a compass. / Neither
Lyra nor Roger can use a compass.
4 Both of them feel afraid. / Both Lyra and
Roger feel afraid.
5 Neither of them have / has been to the North.
/ Neither Lyra nor Roger have / has been to
the North.
6 Both of them would like a map. / Both Lyra
and Roger would like a map.
7 Neither of them know / knows where the
children are. / Neither Lyra nor Roger know /
knows where the children are.
C 2 Programming is both a science and an art.
3 Computer logic is neither difficult nor boring.
4 The symbols are both clear and useful.
5 The software is either free or very cheap.
6 You need both a monitor and a keyboard.
D 2 both 3 Neither of 4 both 5 either
6 either 7 both 8 Either
My Turn!
Possible answers
We both have a pet cat.
Both of us speak a bit of French.
Neither of us likes shopping.
Both of us are in the basketball team.
We both read in bed.
73 Word order
A 1 at Tony's Diner p on Monday t
2 at the Barton hospital p in the summer t
3 again t next month t
4 at the age of 65 t for 18 years t
at the city centre school p in Florida p
there p
B 2 I was there last week.
3 I have lived here for years.
4 I go there on Tuesdays.
5 I am going there now.
6 I will look at it carefully tonight.
7 It was upstairs this morning.
8 We are meeting outside the school at 9.15.
C 1 The boat hit large rocks outside the port on
Sunday evening. No one was hurt.
2 A bear escaped from St Francis Zoo yesterday.
Police told people to stay at home. A number
of animals have escaped from the zoo
recently, including a rare white tiger.
198
My Turn!
Possible answers
2 daily / every morning / on Wednesdays / from the
bus station
3 at home / at work/in bed / here/there
4 here / at my house / on Saturday
5 on Friday / next week / at lunchtime / here /
there / outside the bank
6 tomorrow / at breakfast
7 to the beach in the summer
R14 Review: linking words and word order
A 2 I have an appointment in the park at 11.00.
3 Can you meet me at the hospital next
Monday?
4 I always eat quickly at lunchtime.
5 You don't see young people in this cafe these
days.
6 People must drive carefully in the town
centre on Saturdays.
7 He's staying in Barcelona on holiday.
8 I saw him here last week.
9 Can you swim well now?
10 I'm not studying hard at school at the
moment.
B 2 or 3 because 4 so 5 so 6 because
7 but 8 and 9 both 10 either
C 2 I could neither see nor hear him.
3 Do I stay or do I go? / Do I go or do I stay?
4 After the game, he spoke to the players.
5 The joke wasn't either funny or clever / clever
or funny.
6 Because I was late, they were angry.
7 Neither team was playing well.
8 My mum and my dad both have colds.
D 2 My computer is very slow now, so I'm getting
a new one.
3 Would you like a sandwich or have you had
something to eat?
4 I need some new shoes because these are
really old.
5 I've joined the club, so I'll get tickets half-price.
6 He loves music, but he can't sing very well.
7 Laura agreed to help them because they had
been kind to her in the past.
8 Just knock on the door and go in!
9 I'll give you the book at school tomorrow or
I'll bring it to your house later.
10 I'm going to the party but / so I have to leave
early.
E 2 Second, put some cheese on top.
3 Then, put the bread and cheese back in the
oven at 180° C.
4 After five or ten minutes, take the toast out of
the oven and put some tomato on top.
5 Finally, cut into pieces and enjoy!
F 2 because 3 in New England 4 and
5 both 6 at the school 7 but
8 at midnight 9 so 10 Finally 11 but
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