Raport on Innovativeness of the Aviation Sector in Poland in 2010 by Instytut Nauk Ekonomicznych PAN

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Scienific Editor Tadeusz Baczko Editor of “Sector analyses” Justyna Janik Editor of “Microeconomic analyses” Ewa Puchała-Krzywina Copy editor Joanna Pęczkowska Translated by Lesław Pietrewicz, Tadeusz Żydkiewicz and others Cover design by Jacek Tarasiewicz Typeset and layout design by Jacek Tarasiewicz, Anna Wojda

The Report will be available on-line at www.inepan.waw.pl

The publication has been partially sponsored by the Ministry of Economy of the Republic of Poland

Wydawnictwo Key Text sp. z o.o. 01–134 Warsaw, Wolska 64A www.keytext.com.pl, wydawnictwo@keytext.com.pl Institute of Economics, Polish Academy of Sciences 00–330 Warsaw, Nowy Świat 72 www.inepan.waw.pl, inepan@inepan.waw.pl Printed by Drukarnia Pionier, 31-983 Kraków, ul. Igołomska 12, http://pionierdruk.pl

CONTENTS Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Tadeusz Baczko, Beyond the borders. The innovative dynamics of the aviation sector . . 7 Sector analyses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iwona Świeczewska, Assessment of the position of the aviation industry in Poland against the international background – macroeconomic approach . . . . . . . . . . . . Barbara Liberska, The Brazilian aviation industry – successes and challenges . . . . . Dymitr Ogonowski, Russian technological potential for the exports to India and China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Marek Niechciał, Know-how ready to implement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iwona Nowicka, The issue of the Polish aviation sector in the foresight projects . . . . Paweł Krzywina, Legal changes in the aviation business activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Microeconomic Analyses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Justyna Janik, Prospects for the development of the aviation sector in Poland . . . . . Nela Grądzka, Kamil Kasner, Sources of increased innovativeness of the aviation sector in Poland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Krzysztof Krystowski, The aviation industry in Poland and its innovative activity . . . Ewa Puchała-Krzywina, Barriers to innovative activities of the aviation sector enterprises in the years 2006–2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Krzysztof Krystowski, Research and development activity of the Polish aviation industry – international co-operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Witold Wiśniowski, The Institute of Aviation in the Jubilee Year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Artur Chaberski, Innovative family businesses in the aviation sector . . . . . . . . . . . .

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19 23 26 29 33 36

45 52 56 60 63 66

List of the most innovative companies of the aviation sector in Poland in 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Alphabetical list of companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 Explanation of codes for the surveyed group of subclasses of NACE based Polish Classification of Activities 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 Glossary to the list of most innovative companies of the aviation sector in Poland in 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Information on selected innovative companies in the aviation sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Explanation to description of innovative companies in the aviation sector . . . . . . . . 131 Innovativeness research program at INE PAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 MSN Scientific Network. Assessment of the impact of research and development (R&D) activity and innovation on the social and economic development . . . . . . . 136

Beyond the borders. The innovative dynamics of the aviation sector

Introduction Tadeusz Baczko Institute of Economics, Polish Academy of Sciences

Beyond the borders. The innovative dynamics of the aviation sector The research conducted since 2004 in the MSN Scientific Network, coordinated by the Institute of Economics of the Polish Academy Sciences (INE PAN), has identified numerous examples of innovative activity in the aviation sector in Poland. The domestic aviation industry belongs to the group of high-tech exporters with a positive foreign trade balance. The comparative analyses1 indicate its relatively high level of research and development (R&D) expenditures calculated in relation to the net sales. Stimulation of the innovative activity of this sector is also manifested in the emergence of the aviation clusters.2 Poland has a long-standing tradition in the field of aviation. A number of airplane designs and their components have been constructed in Poland, and met with high appraisals both at home and abroad. International connections, strong academia, research and engineering circles played a prominent role in these developments. The aviation industry has within the last two decades undergone considerable restructuring. Polish firms have entered international manufacturing networks, supplying to the world’s most powerful and advanced aircraft producers. Following systemic transition with the accompanying restructuring of the industry and an outburst of entrepreneurship, a group of numerous small and medium enterprises emerged and developed into subcontractors of large companies both at home and abroad. Polish achievements in the field of glider sport contributed to the emergence of numerous firms operating in gliders manufacturing industry. These firms developed into producers of the ultra light aerospace parts, which take advantage of the most advanced materials, sophisticated design and comply with the highest applied and ecological standards. Aviation is one of the most innovative sectors in the Polish economy. It is manifested in a high intensity of R&D investment expenditures and the development of many leading companies3, international cooperation with the most technologically advanced global corporations, expanded structure of links to research and development sector, and establishment of industrial clusters4. A growing group of small and medium entrepreneurial firms 1 On basis of the IRMA (Industrial Research and Monitoring Activity) project results – carried out by JRC and DG RTD within the EU framework. 2 The dynamic development of the Aviation Valley (Dolina Lotnicza) Cluster situated in the south-eastern part of Poland and the subsequent initiatives of the similar type are an example. 3 The PZL Świdnik was the winner in the 2005 All-Poland Innovation Ranking with the Avio Polska awarded for the most innovative product in Poland in 2010. See: J. Janik: Innovativeness of the aviation industry in 2006–2008, in: Report on Innovativeness of the Polish Economy in 2009 [in Polish], T. Baczko (ed.), INE PAN, Warsaw 2010, pp. 197–203. 4 The problem of clusters in the Polish economy was extensively presented by M. Baranowski in sixteen Reports on innovativeness of voivodships available on the MSN Scientific Network website: www.inepan.waw.pl/badania/siec_naukowa/

Tadeusz Baczko

ready to take ever new design- and production-related challenges play a prominent role in the development of the sector. Poland has been a EU member state since 1st May 2004. The accession has opened new opportunities for aviation sector innovativeness, contributed to the development of research and development base, and to the inclusion of firms from related industries, which have expanded to supply components for the aviation sector. New areas of interest have emerged connected to the highly promising new fields such as unmanned aircraft or the space industry5. The dynamics of the development of engineering projects, research, manufacturing and cooperation projects in Poland deserves special attention. The research team found the occurrence important for the development of the innovativeness in Poland. The research carried out by the MSN Research Network established in 2003 and coordinated by the Institute of Economics of the Polish Academy of Sciences together with numerous conferences attended by representative of businesses, academia and the governmental authorities, and discussion panels connected with the widely understood sector of transport6 indicated a considerable dynamics and interest in research and development and a high level of international involvement in the aviation industry in Poland. The high extent of globalization in the aviation sector in the areas of services, manufacturing and research and the emergence on the international scene of some very active BRICS group countries pose considerable challenges on the aviation sector. Thus, further internationalization and the increase of the role played by foreign investors are required for the continued development of the sector. Inflow of capital would be an asset in the field of manufacturing, service, and also increasingly in the field of intangibles connected with knowledge creation, its flow and implementation in order to improve performance and innovativeness. There is a growing need for entities able to identify challenges and opportunities, and also limitations and directions for development. The experience of the aviation sector in Poland indicates the presence of the innovation sector. It must be developed. The existence of large developmental potential in enterprises means that their needs must not be disregarded. The Polish innovative companies expand their exports, including high-tech. Improvements in this sector require development of the advanced structures in the flow of production, service and knowledge, and withdrawal of barriers to innovativeness7, reducing institutional restrictions at home and abroad, because at every stage of development specific barriers emerge that will have to be identified and overcome. Research carried out to date points at particular importance of: supporting innovativeness; identifying financial limitations of enterprises; accounting for the actual structure of the innovative sector; creating adequate financial instruments and legal and tax regulations; Particular emphasis should be put to orienting the whole Polish aviation sector at: creating an environment for communication and cooperation; transfer of knowledge from the central and local administration units, requirements of customers and end-users of aviation services both in Poland and abroad.8 5 The space industry is often considered the driving force of the economic growth because of the new technologies and innovative applications. The most active countries are: the United States, France, Italy, Canada, the UK, India, China, Brazil. See: The Space Economy at a Glance 2011, OECD Publishing, Paris 2011. Poland is an active participant in the international projects in the field (see also: Centrum Badań Kosmicznych PAN www.cbk.waw.pl/). 6 The panels took place during the innovations gala organized in the Staszic Palace in Warsaw, seat of the Polish Academy of Sciences, within the framework of a cycle of conferences and seminars helpful in the work on the Innovation Strategy for Poland. The first conference Innovativeness in Poland in 2009 took place on 13 May, 2010, the second: European Funds in the Development of Innovativeness in Poland in 2010 took place on 19 May, 2011. 7 The results of the survey on innovativeness have been presented in the Reports of innovativeness of the Polish economy since 2005. The first survey on the barriers the innovativeness in the aviation sector faced within a five year period is provided in the E. Puchała-Krzywina paper in the microeconomic part of the present Report. 8 The issue of the circumstances conditioning innovativeness and their relation to the investments was discussed by E. Soszyńska from the University of Warsaw at the transport panel during the conference dated 19 May, 2011. The Avio Poland Chairman, K. Krystowski, pointed out the key importance

Beyond the borders. The innovative dynamics of the aviation sector

Investment attractiveness We believe that presentation of this Report together with a scientific conference and the first exhibition dedicated to the issue of innovativeness of the aviation sector in Poland will attract foreign investors, companies and research establishments opened to the advanced forms of cooperation9. We hope that our initiative will contribute to the development of the aviation sector in Poland and among the foreign partners. We would like to see some current stage action, short-term and strategic actions undertaken as the result of the present project at all the levels of the Polish economy allowing for development of structures that deserve the name of innovation in the public sector10, not only at the regional, but also at the national and international levels. Our initiative attributes a special role to gaining engagement of business investors who find the aviation sector attractive for investing. Below we review characteristics indicating such attractiveness. 1. Relatively high public R&D expenditures create opportunities for private investors to develop initiatives in the form of the public and private partnership This is of special importance for Poland, where low expenditure on R&D in the sector of enterprises occurs, even in relation to such countries as the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, countries that joined the EU at the same time as Poland did. In Poland expenditure for R&D is close to 0.6% of the GDP, and in the UE member countries mentioned above between 1.2% and 1.5%. It is important to underline that in Poland public spending is on the level similar to the three above mentioned countries11. 2. Openness to cooperation projects for investors and importers Improvement of effectiveness in using the public funds so that they would go directly to enterprises12 should result. It should limit the phenomenon of public funds circulating between public institutions in a form of closed circuit. Engagement of foreign investors and importers may attract other companies and their funds. The process may be strengthened by reorientation of financing of the innovativeness from the EU funds in the period 2011–2013 and in the subsequent period of programming the EU funds for years 2014–2020, so as to back up cooperative projects. Present conditions are particularly supportive for foreign investors and importers interested in expanding their initiatives. An obvious base could be provided by the investment projects submitted so far by the entrepreneurs in Poland. The importance of the enterprise innovativeness assessment system in selecting projects for implementation should be stressed13. of the ability to identify the requirements upon delivery of innovative elements for the most advanced generation aircraft engines. The discussion indicated some challenges connected with the demand-pull as the inspiration for innovation in the aviation sector in the circumstances of the value chains on the global scale and taking advantage of the information provided by the national transport market. 9 One of the ways to arise interest of the foreign investors in the activity on the regional level and applied in Poland are special zones adopted to provide a convenient business environment. For more, see: http://www.paiz.gov.pl/strefa_inwestora/sse 10 The problems connected with the issue of the public sector innovation does concern not only a citizen, passenger, patient, tax payer, family or a company but is also directed at reaching out to the human capital and some other resources in the public sector, such as knowledge, funds, infrastructure. Innovation of this type does not have to be realized by the state. The realization may be entrusted to some private companies. The measurement of actions and effects in this area is a very important problem. The issue of the measurement is subject of several international studies. See also: C. Bloch, Measuring Public Sector Innovation – a Review and Assessment of Recent Studies, DST/EAS/STP/ NESTI(2011)8, presented on 15 June, 2011 at the meeting of the NESTI group in OECD. 11 Opinion expressed by the Chairman K. Krystowski at the MSN Scientific Network and Institute of Economics of the Polish Academy of Sciences meeting on 19 May, 2011. 12 Very important role may be played by those R&D outlays in the aviation sector that may result in demand-driven innovations, in particular those connected with the users requirements, and in the case of the sector of aviation it means an enormous population of passengers. For the scale of the aviation market in Poland see: N. Grądzka, K. Kasner team and their paper in the present Report. 13 Type 4i indicators have been in use by the MSN Scientific Network coordinated by the Institute of Economics of the Polish Academy of Sciences since 2005 for the assessment of innovativeness of over 5000 enterprises in Poland. On the subject of new approach to research see: T. Baczko, J. Kacprzyk, S. Zadrożny, Towards Knowledge Driven Individual Integrated Indicators of Innovativeness, in: J. Józefczyk, D. Orski (eds) Knowledge Based Intelligent System Advancements. Systematic and Cybernetic Approaches, IGI Global, 2011, pp. 129–140.

Tadeusz Baczko

3. In Poland owing to the EU funds a rapid development of infrastructure takes place Several R&D establishments come into existence both at the university level, in the research institutes, and some closely connected with the enterprises. The public administration, the state agencies and the Polish Academy of Sciences including the specialized scientific networks play an important role in this process by participating in their creation, identification and assessment. Activities aimed at rising awareness are of special value, as for example the initiative of the Polish Agency for the Enterprise Development14, the Scientific Network MSN15 and some other centers to award innovative products and services. 4. It is now possible to develop and manufacture in Poland products that may be listed among the most innovative not only at home, but also globally A GEnx2 turbine blade is a good example constituting a module to the most advanced aircraft engine in the world. The achievement as indicated by K. Krystowski is a reversal of the technological trend of the last sixty years. Basically Polish companies imported high technology products. The situation is changing now. The Avio Polska company has manufactured and holds exclusive rights under a contract with GE and Boeing to sell the product throughout the world. 5. Manufacturing base consisting of both big companies and SMEs is an important factor supporting establishing new aerospace plants in Poland This is very important for the development of the aviation industry, in particular to increase the range of production and the cooperation with sub-contractors. As indicated by Z. Pągowski from the Institute of Aviation in Warsaw it is hard to overestimate the importance of small and medium enterprises for the aviation sector considering the existence of global manufacturers, integrators and small enterprises16. It should be remembered, Z. Pągowski stressed, that in order to manufacture an aircraft we have to have the wings manufacturers and the manufacturers of some other components that have to be manufactured for us by someone else. Performing these tasks is very difficult if we do not have access to small highly flexible enterprises ready to manufacture subsequent indispensable components. 6. Cooperation of small companies with large ones and international corporations is characteristic of the Polish aviation sector It is increasingly recognized that the economic policy has to take into consideration the network of manufacture-service links, the existence of off-shoring and out-sourcing as is the case with the United States, India or China. As indicated by Z. Pągowski enterprises now have a new role to play and have become integrators in the manufacturing process where the global product pulls the economy as if it was a railway engine. Z. Pągowski has also referred to the German experience indicating possibilities to develop innovations in small companies participating in the network structures. 7. A lot of emphasis is placed in Poland on ecologically-friendly innovations, and their importance keeps growing This is the case with the components developed for the highly advanced, productive, fuel-efficient engine for the most advanced aircraft in the world. Rules and regulations on the environment protection are of great importance hence aircraft engines are recommended to have better burning parameters, improved emission and noise parameters – Chairman K. Krystowski stressed. The number of companies having ecologically-friendly innovations in their focus is still growing17. 8. Growing supply of and demand for innovations is an important factor encouraging investors and importers It concerns the aviation sector, the automotive industry, the medical technologies sector, the data communication sector in the intangible domain, and many other sectors, also 14 The

most prestigious being the Polish Product of the Future award. most innovative product/service of the year. In 2010 the title went to the GEnx2 turbine blade manufactured by the Avio Polska Sp. z o.o. 16 Opinion expressed during the discussion panel on the subject of innovations in the sector of transport taking place on 19 May, 2011 in the Institute of Economics of the Polish Academy of Sciences. 17 The problem is at the center of interest for OECD (see: OECD Green Growth Strategy http:// www.oecdobserver.org/news/fullstory.php/3290/) and has for three years been the subject of research within the framework of the Report on Innovativeness of the Polish Economy. Last surveys carried out by M. Dębowska from the INE PAN indicate correlation between the corporate social responsibility (CSO) and introduction of the environment friendly innovations. 15 The

Beyond the borders. The innovative dynamics of the aviation sector

within the range of traditional sectors previously not associated with innovations18. Competitions organized for enterprises where enterprises apply for the R&D funds may play an important role in the process. These competitions are very popular and may constitute an important element in the foreign cooperation in the future. Awareness of innovativeness is also confirmed by the sense of barriers that accompany innovativeness19. 9. A relatively low level of remuneration in relation to the competence, tradition and experience is a vital factor influencing the decision to locate the manufacturing, service and research centers in Poland This is of considerable importance regarding the price of services and products, in particular when we deal with supplies of partial services or spare parts20. Nevertheless, even in this case the operational parameters, compliance with standards is, especially in the aviation industry very important. 10. The development of the aviation sector is conditioned on considerable foreign investment and long-term manufacturing contracts Poland has within the last 20 years opened considerably to international cooperation. This concerns all the areas of the Polish economy. Out of 280 global corporations 150 have their branch offices in Warsaw21. The air transport and the aviation industry are the leaders of international cooperation. Both these industries may become an area of interest for certain international companies and an important field of cooperation. 11. Poland ranks among leaders in design quality22 In Poland apart from technological innovations, production technology and processing, innovativeness has entered the world of industrial design. Not only processes but also products and services are subject to design. As indicated by I. Malczewska, head of the R&D department of the Institute of Industrial Design this is the factor that may humanize technology. Design allows the new technology to enter the consumer’s market while they remain unaware of it23. Considerable progress has been achieved in this field lately.

Importance of the sector analyses The approach which focuses on the requirements of the aviation sector allows to adjust the economic policy to the requirements of the customers and the manufacturers of goods and services because: 1. It allows achieving better match with the markets and business needs. 2. It relates to existing knowledge resources and their flows. 3. It helps to improve the cooperation potential of science and business. 4. It facilitates the inclusion of private investors in the process of development. 5. It promotes building bonds and corporation strategies between large and small companies. 6. Is a basis for construction of value chains linking research with the customers and passengers requirements. 7. Allows to analyze the inter-branch flows and their effects. 18 See: A. Wziątek-Kubiak: Differentiation of patterns of innovation between high and low technology sectors’ firms. Comparative analysis, “Studia Ekonomiczne” 2010, No: 2, pp. 141–168. 19 On the subject of innovation barriers in the aviation sector see: E. Puchała-Krzywina paper. 20 Identification of manufacturing partners and service providers for foreign companies is a serious information challenge. It turns out that assessment of innovativeness in enterprises carried out by the MSN Scientific Network coordinated by INE PAN may – as indicated by the Silicon Valley experts – be useful for identification of manufacturers and the field of production, as seen in the case relating to the development of the microelectronic systems for the Boeing company. 21 Warsaw like New York and Paris. 150 out of 280 global corporations have offices in the capital of Poland, “Puls Biznesu”, 08.08.2011 [in Polish]. 22 The daily “Dziennik Gazeta Prawna” informs: Poland has found a place among the world leaders in design. According to the UN report “Creative Economy Report 2010” we are placed as number eight leaders in design on the global market. Polish designers are ahead of their colleagues from Holland, Spain and Sweden, selling products worth 4 billion dollars (“Dziennik Gazeta Prawna”, 15 July, 2011) The global Leroy Merlin chain offering household equipment will introduce 100 products designed by the Polish designers into their assortment of goods. http://wiadomosci.gazeta. pl/Wiadomosci/1,80269,9951507,_Dziennik_Gazeta_Prawna_Polska_w_czolowce_swiatowego.html 23 Opinion expressed during discussion after the transport panel, conference dated 19 May, 2011.

Tadeusz Baczko

8. Ensures better adjustment of the staff and some other factors of production to the company requirements. 9. Sets up conditions for construction of the sector strategy and the satellite accounts. Aviation constitutes today one of the most important areas of communication as it is the driving fueling development in other sectors. Many industries and service sectors are involved24. It is very difficult to imagine globalization or further development of international tourism without the aviation. It is not only the problem of constructing manned or unmanned aircraft or space ships, but also an enormous research base, repair facilities and infrastructure connected with the aviation sector. The survey on innovativeness of the Polish economy carried out for the period of over six years allows to indicate the aviation industry as an area where several initiatives have been undertaken generating a driving force for the development of the regions. The success achieved is a very notable signal on the map of the Polish innovativeness. There are several achievements and many sources these achievements arose from, most important being: Very good and very long tradition in manufacturing and scientific cooperation in the aviation industry based on experience and most advanced technologies25. Tradition, experience and growing demand on the side of the Air Forces and their output in training the aviation staff26. Achievements of the Polish university establishments in training highly qualified personnel for the aviation industry. There is a community incentive on behalf of the development of aviation and pilot training establishing aviation clubs of long-standing and eventful tradition. The US offset investments have been important, with a number of companies able to turn the project into a success. Polish sports achievements in gliding and the universally acknowledged design in this field.

Augmenting Challenges The contemporary aviation industry and air transport face huge challenges. The ecological issues connected with the air traffic are at the center of interest27. Limited resources, threat to the environment – at the same time provide new possibilities for competition and development. Aviation industry is traditionally linked with civil aviation and the air force. In both areas the safety of the pilots and of the crew are of prime importance. Aircraft has become a platform where innovations form all areas of science from biotechnology to the most advanced achievements in the field of information and communication technology and most advanced materials are located. Passengers on board an aircraft benefit from a whole range of constantly widening choice of services, including mobile phones, internet and multimedia. 24 Tourism is one example. As satellite accounts indicate, tourism creates twice as many jobs as an average economic sector. The survey was carried out in compliance with the World Tourism Organization guidelines. This is possible owing to the realization by the Polish Central Statistical Office of the EU guidelines and operating a national account system in order to define the economic dependences between different sectors of economy. The Central Statistical Office gathers economic information in the NACE (PKD) European Classification System: http://mfiles.pl/pl/index.php/Rachunek_satelitarny_turystyki 25 PZL Rzeszów is an example. Established 70 years ago they are now part of the United Technologies Corporation (UTC) quoted on NYSE. Famous brandnames: Pratt&Whitney (aircraft engines) and Sikorsky (helicopters). The group brings revenues over 54 billion US dollars in 2010. They employed over 208 thousand employees in 70 countries (Fortune Global 500, 08.08.2011 and http:// www.bankier.pl/wiadomosci/WSK-PZL-Rzeszow-na-wyzszych-obrotach-2182316). In Poland PZL Mielec is also member of the group delivering for S-70i Black Hawk. 26 Skill and output of the Polish air force pilots during the II World War is worth remembering. See also: L. Olson, S. Cloud, A Question of Honor. The Kosciuszko Squadron: Forgotten Heroes of World War II with introduction for Polish Edition by N. Davis, AMF, Warsaw 2004. 27 The issues connected with the air contamination subject in the EU to the extended research and measurements, also by EUROSTAT. See: Manual for Air Emissions Accounts (http://epp.eurostat. ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_OFFPUB/KS-RA-09–004/EN/KS-RA-09–004-EN.PDF).

Beyond the borders. The innovative dynamics of the aviation sector

The huge market includes not only the aircraft equipment but also branches connected with the aviation infrastructure such as airports, multi-modal hubs or ultimately intelligent transport systems and information and communication technology connected with these fields. Considerable expenditures to be incurred for standardization and certification procedures connected with the manufacturing of the aviation products and the transport services. Standards in the aviation industry constitute a considerable barriers to the market entry, and require not only superior qualifications or attributes in what regards service and production but also costly measurements and tests. Internationalized aviation market and the manufacturing process require highly developed systems of standardization and certification28, and also establishing research centers with adequate equipment and staff qualified to perform the tests. Polish manufacturers have limited direct contact with the customers and consumers and their requirements as a result of the position the Polish companies hold in the value chain. Dynamic development of the aviation and space sectors in the BRICS countries and elsewhere where activity in interrelations growth quickly and the cost of manufacturing is often competitive in relation to Poland. Option to locate manufacturing of components and spare parts in China and Brazil29 where in a relatively short time contribution of enterprises towards financing the R&D in relation to the GDP has increased. Taking advantage of the potential opportunities resulting from the traditional cooperation in the field of aviation industry with the former Soviet Union countries where we find the same leading global groups that are active in Poland. Detaching the military sector from the civil sector may lead to multiplication of operations and the risk of decreasing the strategic effects connected with interrelations in these sectors30. Internationalization of the manufacturing process constitutes a separate issue. International links are instrumental in advancing the manufacturing and services procedures, however, the technological gap does not disappear so quickly31.

Towards the aviation sector innovation strategy All the challenges mentioned in the foregoing require a strategic approach taking into consideration the need to link the sector of production with the transportation sector, and coupling the military area with the civil area. The location factor connected with the regionalization of the country and some deficiencies in the public transport in many regions is also an issue. In view of the uneven progress in the different branches of the transport sector new perspectives for the development of air transport emerge. The present day aviation infrastructure under steady improvements contributes to this development32. Economic policy plays a prominent role in the process. The results of the diagnostic surveys should be studied, highly popular in some countries methods of indirect interac28 The range of standards is wide and concerns not only the aviation industry but also the human resources, delivery of spare parts and services connected with the air transport. For challenges connected with standards in international foreign trade, see: J. Hegemejer, J.J. Michałek, Technical and sanitary norms in international trade. Their role in Poland’s integration with the EU, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, Warsaw 2007 [in Polish]. 29 More about the development of the aviation sector in Brazil, one of the main suppliers for PLL LOT, see B. Liberska, Institute of Economics, Polish Academy of Sciences in the present Report. 30 Some of the aviation sector companies have benefited from the development of the offset program and this is a positive phenomenon indicating the scope of possibilities synergic processes have. In view of traditional links between the aviation sector and the armed forces a considerable potential is embedded in this field. 31 The problem of the technological gap is an object of advanced comparative studies. It is an important area of economic research. See work on the subject by S. Kubielas: Innovations and technological gap in the knowledge-based global economy. Structural and macroeconomic determinants , Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, Warsaw 2009 [in Polish], awarded by the E. Lipiński Polish Economic Society. 32 For the issue of the potential connected with the development of the aviation infrastructure in Poland see: N. Grądzka and K. Kasner paper in the present Report.

Tadeusz Baczko

tion implemented, the brand new idea of demand-driven innovations taken advantage of, and formation of the value chains from the customer to the sphere of research promoted. Not only instruments of indirect interaction should be developed but also some instruments that involve the innovation formula in the public sector, such as: e-administration, e-education, e-courts, e-services or e-health. Another important line of development is to set up multimodal transport hubs with regard for improved customer service. The slow progress in these areas should integrate communities and generate a coherent vision of the developments in the aviation sector in Poland. The elaboration of an aviation sector foresight33 would be highly recommended to be followed by its effective implementation contributing to the integration of the existing projects of this type and connected with this particular sector. Consequent implementation would allow to benefit from the output of some other projects developed, and to introduce the innovative foresight concept34 developed by the Scientific Network MSN and INE PAN. All these operations could be supported by the participative innovation strategy for the aviation sector based on five major pillars35: 1. By benefiting from the potential resulting from the developmental gap, tradition, entrepreneurship, growing interest among the Polish citizens and companies to use the air transport, international links with the largest world manufacturers and service providers, presence in Poland of all the transport markets, numerous links with other sectors, presence of aviation industry clusters and high public interest in the sector. 2. By benefiting from the synergic effects connected with coupling the transport sector with the service sector and the manufacturing sector connected with the activity of the aviation industry. This is very important in development of the innovative activity as data, information and knowledge is provided directly to the authors of the projects and services and not by mediation of the value chains of the global groups. Some other synergic effects concern strengthening links between the civil and the military sectors, in particular in the field of R&D, standards, certification and infrastructure. 3. By introducing innovations in the public sector in order to create an environment for the development of the value chains from the service and products customers to research. It concerns in particular issues of ecology, new materials, advanced services for passengers, treating aircraft and air terminals as platforms of service providers with access to new digital technologies, development of standards and certifications, attracting R&D centers to Poland. Ensuring a friendly environment for creation of multimodal transport hubs. 4. Increased participation of the State search for foreign investors. They may play an important part in the development of the aviation sector. Stimulation of the activity in this field supported by the financial establishments may be a driving force sustaining the tremendous effort on the side of the aviation company to overcome obstructions and restrictions, advanced restructuring procedure and their effort to open to the international mechanisms of cooperation and competition. Support of the extraordinary intensity of the entrepreneurship in this sector may be feasible from the aviation clubs, sports clubs, airports, entrepreneurs from different sectors that include production on behalf of the aviation sector in their offer. Developed research centers will also require new incentives like the inflow of capital and increase of the international networks. 33 It is possible to take advantage of the international and domestic output in this field. For Polish foresight projects connected with the aviation sector see I. Nowicka, Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Poland, and her paper in the present Report. 34 The concept is based on using the classification of business activity (NACE for example) in order to specify the scope of the foresight, identification of new areas of business activity, including innovative companies in survey procedures and implementation procedures, and was presented in the Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Moscow and NESTI OECD in Paris; also see: T. Baczko, “The Poland 2020” National Foresight Program. Forecasting the Future, “Academia” 2009, No. 2, pp. 24–27. 35 The strategy was given inspiration by the OECD Innovation Strategy. The strategy should be consistent with the Strategy of Innovation and Economic Efficiency and other programs, summed up in: Poland 2030. A wave of modernity. Long-term strategy of development [in Polish], elaborated by a team under the Chancellery Minister Michał Boni, the Chancellery of the Prime Minister of Poland, Warsaw, July 2011.

Beyond the borders. The innovative dynamics of the aviation sector

5. Cooperation of the members of the aviation sector in support of innovativeness of this sector in Poland. There are good chances for promotion of the Polish companies and R&D centers connected with aviation with the assistance of the network of international connections in the foreign companies located in Poland.Promotion of aircraft, components and spare parts manufactured in Poland provides also an opportunity to promote the Polish innovativeness. At the same time official announcements regarding industries supporting the aviation sector and connected with the Polish products, tools, production and research services help in promotion. Poland may take advantage of the global contacts of the aviation groups, including contacts with the BRICS countries to lodge there some components and finished products based on the most advanced technologies. The Polish aviation sector has an abundance of export offers in what concerns manufacturing of the advanced industrial products requiring solid tradition in what regards the sector of materials, founding, mechanics and electronics. The network of manufacturing enterprises and service enterprises developed as a result of transformation and restructuring process and backed by the advanced R&D centers supported with EU funds and able to cooperate with the most demanding companies provides tremendous possibilities for the customers to locate in Poland orders for the aviation sector spare parts and ready products manufacturing. The achievements of the new Polish aviation structures should also be noted and the chance to develop the manufacturing standard to match the quality of the structural design.



The publication of the Report on Innovativeness of the Aviation Sector in Poland is a very important event in 2011, as 2011 is a very special year. Poland has for the first time taken for the period of six months the Presidency of the EU Council. The event is of great consequence and should, hopefully, increase the awareness of innovativeness in Poland, and at the same time promote interest in the Polish aviation sector and its development, reveal the engineering skill of the aviation sector, perfection in the manufacturing process and adherence to aviation sector technological standards. The aviation sector in Poland innovativeness report is illustrative of the six years old tradition to keep the public opinion, business circles, politicians and all the parties involved, informed about the innovation breakthrough in the Polish economy. For the first time the research team has decided to study innovativeness at the sectoral level. Aviation industry and air transport constitute a sector based on strong personal links, high technical, organizational and ethical standards, with tradition and vision binding people together. Welcome to this edition of the Report on Innovativeness of the Aviation Sector in Poland where the Authors attempt to present the range of opportunities this sector has to offer. It is a one of many of the MSN Scientific Network coordinated by the Institute of Economics of the Polish Academy of Sciences aimed at changing the image of Poland and exposing the existence of developing innovation sector. The present Report differs from the works on innovativeness hitherto submitted and published by the research team of the MSN Scientific Network coordinated by the Institute of Economics of the Polish Academy of Sciences. The approach chosen, with the sector of industry at the center of interest, is important for the economic policy, the investors and the public opinion. The Report is written to reveal to the reader different angles. The aviation sector is presented against the background of international statistics36. Different fields of activity are presented. Changes that are taking place in the BRICS countries are presented in order to point out the emergence of new challenges and counteractions37. The reader may learn about the legal changes taking place to harmonize the requirements for business activity in Poland and in Europe38. Great importance is attached to expose the dynamics of the sector and indicate several cases of innovative entrepreneurship and the manufacturing 36 See:

I. Świeczewska, University of Łódź, paper in the present Report. D. Ogonowski, MSN Scientific Network, paper on the role of the aviation sector in the Russian export to China and India in this Report. See also: China Science and Technology Indicators, 2008. Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China, Scientific and Technical Documents Publishing House, Beijing 2010. 38 See: P. Krzywina, Law Office POLFINANS, paper in the present Report. 37 See:

Tadeusz Baczko

capacity in the structure of the most advanced global groups39. Barriers faced by aviation sector entrepreneurs are analyzed40. The output of the Institute of Aviation in Warsaw celebrating its 85th anniversary is presented41. The Report also illustrates the specific Polish phenomenon of emergence and development, within a limited time span, of a group of numerous innovative family businesses42. They all are conveyors of tradition shaped within the circle of the staff of the aviation enterprises with the background reaching 1980-ties and earlier. Their experience and the engineering tradition enriched by the know-how acquired as a result of cooperation with the most innovative global companies and the standards of stability and efficiency derived from the family tradition, guarantee the companies that enter into cooperation with family business entities a great chance of success. The Report is to encourage such cooperation and to guide prospective customers but above all to transmit information and knowledge about the most innovative companies of the aviation sector in Poland. The reader is provided with a road map containing the unique List of the Most Innovative Companies of the Aviation Sector in Poland in 2009. It is unique for yet another reason, as it contains assessment of 100 most innovative companies in Poland. The unique assessments in the 5A system based on individual integrated indicators of innovativeness (4i) by employing knowledge and multidimensional linkage of data constitute the basis for the present ranking. They allow to diagnose the innovativeness of the companies in the aviation sector and to indicate its strengths and the areas where more improvements are required. Improvements are possible when the strategy of the company is altered, investments are secured, allocation of investments is improved and organizational transformation takes place. Ranking presents in the form of letters from C to A the level of market and process innovativeness, the innovation expenditures, patents and contracts from EU funds, which is evidence of the organizational capacity and the cooperation skills. This is the first ranking of the aviation sector innovativeness. Its analysis indicates a considerable differentiation of the companies in this sector regarding their innovativeness. Apart from large suppliers, the biggest global manufacturers in the aviation industry there exists a group of small and medium companies with different degree of internalization. In some innovativeness assessments there was no data regarding such basic characteristics of innovation activities as: expenditures on R&D, patents, contracts from the EU funds. It may be that companies have not submitted their questionnaire to Institute of Economics of the Polish Academy of Sciences and the questionnaire constitutes the basis for the assessment of innovativeness, while the data available to the public such as the National Court Register, the files of the Patent Office of the Republic of Poland, the Registry of the financial projects financed from the EU funds do not include such information. The research team has been constantly searching for the new forms of presentation of the innovative companies in Poland. As a result it has been proposed to start a data base with the description of the innovative enterprises supplemented by a commentary43. Each entry includes, besides the updated innovation assessments from the List of the most innovative companies in the aviation sector in Poland in 2009 – the description of the company activity and the financial data for the years 2004–2009. Entries describing the innovative companies include also charts indicating a five-year revenue trend. Moreover, they allow to specify the qualitative characteristics of the company, such as: classification of the activity, description of the activity, volume of employment, position on the List of the most innovative companies44 and in the ranking of the innovative companies of the aviation sector, also a written commentary on the assessment of innovativeness. The information includes the website of the company, its location (town/city, name of the street, voivodship) and identification of its position in the innovative sector. R&D investors, patenting 39 See: papers in this Report by: M. Niechciał, Institute of Economics, National Bank of Poland; J. Janik, Institute of Economic of the Polish Academy of Sciences; K. Krystowski, Avio Polska S.A. 40 See: paper by E. Puchała-Krzywina, Institute of Economic of the Polish Academy of Sciences. 41 The author of the information material is W. Wiśniowski, Head of the Institute of Aviation. 42 See: A. Chaberski, Institute of Economic of the Polish Academy of Sciences, paper in this Report. 43 Proposed by M. Szyl from the MSN Scientific Network. 44 See: Report on innovativeness of the Polish economy in 2010 [in Polish], T. Baczko (ed.), INE PAN, Warsaw 2011, pp. 260–287.

Beyond the borders. The innovative dynamics of the aviation sector

companies, participating in the Aviation Valley cluster, and quoted in the Warsaw Stock Exchange are among them. The chosen form of presentation of the data in the form of entries providing information on the innovative enterprises may constitute a basis to undertake cooperation, place an order or submit some other kind of domestic or international offer. When considered together with the innovation assessment45 it may facilitate direct research, production or service contacts. The individual characteristics constitute a supplement to the assessment of innovativeness convenient in the selection of cooperation partners. In the present first edition of the Report full information on all companies included in the survey was not always possible. Only the companies where the assessment of innovativeness was possible have been included in the analysis. The present Report marks the beginning of the process of research on and display of the symptoms of innovativeness in the aviation sector in Poland. We have not been always able to reach all the companies. It is possible that we sometimes deal with the data that merely allows to specify one dimension of the innovative activity, hindering thus the presentation of the data for the years 2004–2009. It is worth attention to go through the contents of the tables in the data base regarding each company. It will allow to acquaint oneself with the selected entries in the balance sheet and the profit and loss statement. The data presented allow not only to calculate the growth ratio but also to assess the indicators for investments in intangible assets. Unique information is provided by the BERD data and the capitalized value of R&D expenses46. These are two approaches to the measuring investments in R&D, one cost-based, and the other balance sheet-based. At the end of this part of the publication specification of NACE codes is presented at the level of 5 digits with a proposition of regrouping depending on the classification of activity. It is a review of the different kinds of activities connected with the aviation sector, and may constitute a basis for future research on the issue of the satellite accounts the importance of which for the microeconomic activity is difficult to overestimate. This an important area of research that might assist economic politicians, government authorities and self-government authorities, companies and investors. This field of research besides the aviation sector foresight might become an important communication platform for the communities connected with this sector. It is difficult to overestimate such initiatives as they could result in public and private partnership. The alphabetical list of assessed companies and information on the activity of the INE PAN and the MSN Scientific Network in the field of innovation allowing to endow the Report on innovative activity with a wider context may be found at the end of the present publication. The preparation of the report is the result of the work of the MSN Scientific Network team coordinated by the Institute of Economics of the Polish Academy of Sciences. The team has been researching for over six years the innovativeness in Poland, has created new methods of measurements and active instruments helping companies, research institutes, financial establishments and state administration in executing their development plans. The present Report is an important step in this direction. I wish to express my gratitude to all the authors representing the world of theory, practical application and research, and also the editors for their immense creative contribution to the emergence of the present Report. The Report is published on the fifth anniversary of the memorable conference organized at the initiative of the Working Party of National Experts on Science and Technology Indicators OECD (NESTI OECD) between 25–27 September, 2006 in Ottawa. It is our wish that the present Report leaves a mark on the future trends drawn within the framework of the conference entitled: Blue Sky II 2006. What Indicators for Science, Technology and 45 Methodology of assessment of innovativeness is contained in the final part of this publication entitled Glossary, prepared by the team comprising of: T. Baczko, E. Puchała-Krzywina, M. Szyl. 46 This phrase, in our opinion, best reflects the intention of IAS 38, which refers to intangible assets. An alternative would be the term finished development projects. However, the latter does not take into account the specificity of corporate R&D, particularly in Poland, where regulations do not require firms to report their R&D expenditures. This issue calls for further research and regulations, in particular in arms and aviation industry in Poland. See: Annex 10 in: Frascati Manual 2002: Proposed Standard Practice for Surveys on Research and Experimental Development, OECD Paris 2002, pp. 226–237.

Tadeusz Baczko

Innovation Policy in the 21st Century? It seems the innovativeness in the environment where continuous process of opening of the aviation sector towards the Open Sky takes place, provides new challenges and new perspectives in the field of measurement methodology and its practical application. We hope that the discussion panels within the framework of the conference entitled Report on innovativeness of the aviation sector in Poland linked with practical evidence of the achievements of the Polish regions, Polish cities, companies, academic establishments and research centers together with meetings with outstanding specialists in the field of research and innovation measurement will allow to pose several valuable questions and issues worthy of further research and practical application. The presence of Fred Gault47 at the conference accompanying the publication of the report is of special privilege to us. Fred Gault was one of the chief animators of the memorable Ottawa conference, several NESTI OECD world projects including the OECD Strategy of Innovation, the work being an inspiration to us when writing the participative Innovation Strategy for Poland. Finally, it is my sincere wish to express my gratitude to the Ministry of Economy of the Republic of Poland for supporting the present initiative, to the Institute of Aviation for their friendly approach and organizational, logistic, marketing, and substantive assistance, the Key Text Publishers for their involvement in copyediting and publication of the project. The Conference that accompanies the publication of the Report is taking place under the auspices of the Polish Presidency in the Council of the European Union, Ministry of Regional Development of the Republic of Poland, the Polish Agency for Enterprise Development and the mayors of the cities most active in the development of the aviation industry. On behalf of the MSN Scientific Network research team coordinated by the Institute of Economics of the Polish Academy of Sciences I wish to take this opportunity to invite all the above-indicated institutions and firms to further cooperation.

47 The

work by F. Gault: Innovation Strategies for the Global Economies.Development, Implementation, Measurement and Management, International Development Research Centre, Ottawa, Cairo, Dakar, Montevideo, Nirobi, New Delhi, Singapore, Edward Elgar Publishing Inc., 2010, is a valuable inspiration for subsequent strategic undertakings by the aviation sector companies in Poland.

Assessment of the position of the aviation industry in Poland against the international background...

Sector analyses Iwona Świeczewska University of Lodz

Assessment of the position of the aviation industry in Poland against the international background... – macroeconomic approach The purpose of the paper is to assess the macroeconomic position of the aviation industry in Poland against the international background. The aviation industry corresponds in the statistical classification of economic activities to the activity classified as manufacturing of air and spacecraft.48 The analysis was based on the data contained in the OECD-STAN Indicators 2009 data base 49 for the years 1995– –2008.50 For the assessment of the condition of Poland against the international background three countries have been selected, namely the United States of North America, France and the UK, considered as world leaders in the field of aviation industry. Activity in the field of air and spacecraft manufacturing is rated as the so called high technology industrial branch. The fields of economic activity in the high technology sector function on the verge of science and industry converting the results of scientific research into concrete products or processes. Hence, these branches are illustrative of high intensity of R&D outlays and adequate resources of highly qualified personnel. In spite of the fact that the share of this sector in the entire economy is usually relatively small, it still remains of considerable importance in the process of generating and diffusing technological advancement. Despite aviation industry in Poland having a longstanding tradition as it came into existence some seventy years ago, its share in the creation of the added value is not considerable. Confining the aviation industry to the activity connected with manufacturing of air and spacecraft which obviously carries things a bit too far – it may be ascertained that in Poland the share of aviation industry in the creation of the added 48 Activity classified in group 35.3 according to the Polish Classification of Activities year 2004 includes according to PCA 2007 – manufacturing of air and spacecraft and related machinery (subclass 30.30.Z), repairs and maintenance of air and spacecraft (subclass 33.16Z) and manufacturing of other special purpose machinery (28.99.Z) in the field of manufacturing of machinery and take off equipment for aircraft, catapulting equipment for aircraft from aircraft carriers and similar machinery and equipment. 49 STAN Database – Structural Analysis Database contains data relating to 32 OECD countries on the third level of disaggregation (which in the NACE classification corresponds to the group level) in accordance with classification presented in the third edition of International Standard Classification (ISIC Rev. 3). 50 In case of some of the variables under analysis the data will relate to a shorter period.

Iwona Świeczewska

value fluctuated in the years 1996–2007 around 0.1% (see table 1). The share of this branch of activity in the value added in the industrial sector oscillates in the range 0.40–0.56%, and is several times lower than in the United States, France and the UK. In case of the United States and the UK the aviation industry generates approx. 0.5% of the added value of their respective economies, constituting about 3–4% of the added value in industry. As for France, the participation is a little lower and corresponds to approx. 0.4% of the added value generated in the French economy and 1.8–3.2% added value of the French industry (see table 1). Table 1 Share of added value generated by the Polish aviation industry and selected OECD countries in the years 1995–200751 (in %)

–

0.09

0.10

0.08

0.11

0.09

0.08

0.10

0.09

industry

–

0.46

0.49

0.42

0.57

0.56

0.46

0.40

0.42

0.53

0.49

total

0.49

0.53

0.51

0.59

0.55

0.50

0.54

0.50

0.43

0.45

0.50

0.51

–

industry

2.90

3.24

3.13

3.58

3.44

3.17

3.76

3.53

3.17

3.40

3.79

3.89

–

FRANCE

total

0.31

0.30

0.49

0.44

0.46

0.47

0.41

0.26

0.38

0.41

0.36

industry

1.84

1.80

2.9

2.66

2.72

2.84

3.03

2.77

2.86

1.89

2.86

3.23

2.89

total

0.56

0.51

0.57

0.61

0.64

0.66

0.67

0.63

0.55

0.51

0.49

0.50

–

industry

2.63

2.49

2.83

3.14

3.48

3.79

4.08

4.10

3.87

3.68

3.71

3.85

–

USA

POLAND

total

UNITED KINGDOM

Participation of added value gen1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 erated in activity 35.3 in:

Source: Own work based on STAN Indicators 2009, http:stats.oecd.org/BrandedView.aspx?oecd_bv_id=stan-data-en&doi=data 00029-en

The aviation industry is one of the most innovative branches of economy. In spite of a relatively limited share in generating added value, this sector requires considerable outlays for R&D. According to the OECD data, R&D outlays in this field of activity in Poland fluctuated in the years 1995–200652 between 34.2 million zlotys (in 2003 in fixed price for 2000) and 81.4 million zlotys (in 1999).53 Their share in the outlays on R&D incurred in the entire economy oscillated between 2.9% (in 2003) and 5.0% (in 1995; see fig. 1)54 In spite of the fact that the share seems considerable, especially when compared with the share of this branch of activity in generating added value, it is – in comparison with other countries acknowledged as leaders in this sector – at least twice lower (see fig. 1). It should be noted, however, that in what concerns Poland and France this share in the period under study is relatively stable. The participation of this branch of economy in the R&D outlays in the United King51 No

data for 2008. data for subsequent years. 53 In accordance with OECD data available on website http:stats.oecd.org/BrandedView. aspx?oecd_bv_id=stan-data-en&doi=data 00032-en. If the volume of R&D outlays in million USD taking into account the labour parity the R&D outlays incurred in this field in Poland constitute from 0.15% to 0.45% of R&D outlays in the United States. 54 Their participation in R&D outlays in industry in the period under survey fluctuated between 4.1% (in 1998) and 8.1% (in 2006). 52 No

Assessment of the position of the aviation industry in Poland against the international background...

Figure 1 Share of aviation industry in R&D outlays in Poland and selected OECD countries in years 1995– –20068 (in %)

Source: Own work based on STAN Indicators 2009, http:stats.oecd.org/BrandedView.aspx?oecd_bv_id=stan-data-en&doi=data 00029-en

dom has increased in the period under study by some percentage points. Reverse tendency may be observed on the other hand in the United States where share of R&D incurred in the aviation industry decreased in the period under study twofold. Relatively high (as compared with other sectors of economy) R&D outlays in the aviation industry and decidedly lower share of this sector in generating added value on the level of national economy are illustrative of a high degree of intensity in relation to outlays for R&D. In Poland in the aviation industry the R&D outlays intensification index in the added value oscillated in the period under study between 6.0% (in 2003) and 14.4% (in 1995 see fig. 2). Although it seems quite high (especially compared to other fields of activities in Poland) it is several times lower than in countries which are leading manufacturers in the field. By far the highest value of this index was obtained in France (in general the value oscillates around 35–40%, yet in some years of the period under survey it reached the value around 70%). In the case of the United States in the years 1995–2001 we note a considerable decrease of intensity of R&D outlays (from 47% to 14%). Only in 2001 we may observe a distinct increase of intensity of outlays for R&D (to over 30%). The long-term forecast regarding development of such sectors of economy as air and spacecraft depends to a considerable degree on its driving force to compete in the international markets. In years 1995–2008 the share of the aviation industry export in the overall volume of Polish export oscillated between 0.25% (in 1995) and 0.80% (in 2000) while in the last years of the period under study it stabilized on the level of approx. 0.4%. The import of products from the same branch of activity was subject to a more severe fluctuation and oscillated between 0.11% (in 1995) to 1.5% (in 2000). For comparison export of aviation industry products constituted in the analyzed period 5–9% of the US export, 5–7.5% of the French export and 4–7% of the UK export. Similar indicators relating to the import are: 1.4–2.7% for the US, 2.4–3.8% for France, 2.4–5.2%for the UK. However, considering the position of Poland in the international markets it may be stated that the in the period under survey the participation of Polish export in the overall export of products in this sector to the OECD 55 No

data available for years 2007–2008.

Iwona Świeczewska

Figure 2 Intensity of R&D outlays in Poland and selected OECD countries in the years 1995–2006 (in %)

Source: Own work based on STAN Indicators 2009, http:stats.oecd.org/BrandedView.aspx?oecd_bv_id=stan-data-en&doi=data 00029-en

countries has increased over four times. Nevertheless, the share is still too small and does not exceed the level of 0.3% in the analyzed period. Although in this sector the gap between Poland and the leaders is considerable56 one may signal increase of the importance of Poland in this field (see table 2). Table 2 Share of the Polish export and export of selected OECD countries in the overall volume of export of aviation industry products from the OECD countries in years 1997–2008 (in %) Specification Poland

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 0.07

0.09

0.18

0.17

0.12

0.19

0.18

0.21

0.22

0.30

USA

42.9

45.3

43.6

38.5

38.4

38.3

35.0

34.4

37.2

39.0

40.6

37.4

France

14.5

13.8

14.3

14.6

14.8

14.3

15.3

16.1

16.6

16.2

18.4

United Kingdom

14.5

12.1

11.8

12.9

12.8

12.0

14.0

13.4

12.8

11.8

10.8

10.3

Source: Own work based on STAN Indicators 2009, http:stats.oecd.org/BrandedView.aspx?oecd_bv_id=stan-data-en&doi=data 00029-en

The assessment of the condition of the Polish aviation industry in the field of manufacturing and repairs of air and spacecraft presented in his paper provides a preliminary insight into the long term development of this sector and its impact on the Polish economy. The study should be extended to include not only the sectors directly linked to aviation (as for example air transport facilities) but also related sectors providing raw materials, materials and services for this sector of economy.

56 In accordance with OECD data the aviation industry export products constitute approx. 35–45% of the overall volume of products export in this branch. France covers 14–18% of export, UK approx.12–14% of the overall export in the aviation industry.

The Brazilian aviation industry – successes and challenges

Barbara Liberska Institute of Economics, Polish Academy of Sciences

The Brazilian aviation industry – successes and challenges The Brazilian experience in the development of competitive aviation industry, one of the most innovative branches of economy for developing countries, deserves special attention. The aviation industry in Brazil started only 40 years ago. In 1969 the Brazilian government established a state enterprise Empresa Brasileira de Aeronautica S.A. – Embraer. In 1971 first aircraft have been manufactured to meet the demand from agriculture and the arm forces. The development of domestic aviation industry for such a big country where road infrastructure is lacking was of enormous consequences for the conquest of the interior and for further development of the country. Decreasing dependency on leading aircraft suppliers was also an issue to be considered. In the beginning of 1990-ties, in the period of crisis, the enterprise was on the verge of bankruptcy, and in 1994 was privatized. New management adopted a strategy of establishing a global company expanding production for new models of aircraft adopted to the changing requirements of the clients on the world market. The strategy of growth was based on the assumption that there is a market niche in the small passenger aircraft, mainly with 50–110 seats that may be taken advantage of. As from year 2000 Embraer has become a joint stock company quoted at the exchange. Today the successive models of aircrafts designed by the Brazilian engineers are subject to export to different continents. The company manufactures several models of passenger and executive planes, and also army force aircraft. In the last ten years demand of from several airlines have increased in number. In 2005 the US airlines Jet Blue purchased 10 type E190 aircraft for 3 million USD and submitted further orders. The development of cheap airlines increased demand for aircraft manufactured by Embraer as they are more economic in operation. In 2009 Embraer sold 246 different models of commercial aircraft on the world market. Today Brazil is the third manufacturer of passenger aircraft in the world after Boeing and Airbus. The success of the Brazilian aviation industry constitutes a rare phenomenon in the contemporary world and shows that in the age of globalization companies from emerging markets may achieve a significant position in the world dominated by eminent manufactures from developing countries.

Specific of development aviation industry in Brazil The pattern of development of the aviation industry in Brazil was based on some specific elements. The development of the aviation industry right from the beginning would not have been be possible without the considerable support from the government in implementation of the adopted strategy of development. The second vital element was the education and training of the Brazilian personnel comprising of engineers and specialists in the field of design and construction of new aircraft. In 2009 Embraer employed over 18 thousand people, including 25% of engineers. The seat of Embraer and its principal domestic suppliers is located in the town Sao Jose Dos Campos nr/ San Paolo. In the town we find university establishments, research and technology institutes – the aviation institute(ITA), one of the best in the world. The Institute of Aviation provides post graduate training for eminent engineers and talented designers of new aircraft models. The special status (good salaries) and the high prestige surrounding the Embraer’s personnel (with numerous distinguished

Barbara Liberska

emigrant engineers or descendents of the earlier immigrants from Italy and Germany) is an asset. Work on behalf of the aviation industry is the object of national pride for the Brazilian people who are proud of the success of their country on the international arena. Round Embraer’s company seat several private companies established their premises often with the former Embraer employees as heads, closely cooperating towards the development of the aviation industry. It may be said that a natural cluster was thus established, concentration of the most establishments and manufacturers meet to work towards development of this branch of industry. The third element was the manner of transfer of technology in the environment of globalization, based on the so called reverse outsourcing model. The traditional outsourcing model is based on the assumption that the highly developed countries transfer production of parts and components to developing countries reducing thus the cost of manufacturing. Brazil instead of becoming a supplier for the leading world manufacturers of aircraft applied outsourcing i.e. transfer of production of parts, components and services connected with the aviation industry to the best companies in the highly developed countries in the United States or the EU countries. A global network of supplies was established and advances technology was implemented by producing parts and components in world leading companies. Most of the Embraer’s engines are manufactures by the General Electric and Rolls Royce works. Other components derive from Japanese, Russian and European suppliers. The fourth element is the nature of relationship with the main foreign suppliers, specifically the venture partnership approach. The system of strategic alliances allows on the one hand to react promptly to the changing market, and on the other, to share the risk. It allows to react in a flexible way to ups and downs of the demand for specific aircraft and guarantees a high quality of performance. Efficient handling of the complicated network of suppliers was entrusted to a global computer company Accenture and the company Servigistic administering services of this kind, both companies supervising delivery of respective parts to adequate destination at the right time and the right place (global sourcing chain). The fifth element in the development of aviation industry was the trend to increase the participation of domestic companies in the manufacturing of parts and sub-components, and expanding technological advancement.

Cooperation of the BRIC countries in the aviation industry In the last 10 years considerable change took place in the global aviation industry. Some countries of the emerging market group followed the development strategy concentrated on the domestic aviation industry and catching up with the highly developed countries in this sector of economy. They began to enter successfully the global markets causing decline in the superiority of the North America countries, Europe and Russia and the gradual increase of importance of the new manufacturers from the developing countries. The most advanced and dynamic growth in the aviation industry is noted in the BRIC countries. In the last years BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India, China) seek to start cooperation in the field of development of new technologies and research. They have the potential to develop a competitive sector of aircraft production, both for the developing countries and those highly advanced for they specialize in the production of aircraft adequate for certain regional purposes and different markets and for different circles of consumers. Cooperation in the aviation industry between Brazil and China, Russia, India and lately RPA (new member of the group since 2011) becomes more and more institutionalized. Cooperation agreements have as their main task delivery to these markets and To some other countries aircrafts that are cheaper, raising foreign currency as the result of export, preventing brain drain of aviation industry specialist and ensuring their employment in the domestic market (so they will not migrate to highly advanced countries), creation of respectable and well pay jobs. An important element of this

The Brazilian aviation industry – successes and challenges

cooperation is also to provide the environment for the so called technological spillover effect, i.e. transfer of innovations from this sector to some other sectors of economy. Special attention is drawn to the dynamic development of cooperation in the aviation industry between Brazil and China. Brazil has signed a joint venture agreement with a Chinese company China Aviation Industry Cooperation. Embraer and Hebei Airlines, a Chinese airline, have signed an agreement to deliver 10 aircraft as from year 2012. In April 2011 an agreement was signed regarding cooperation of research and development centers in both countries in the field of innovations in the aviation industry. Aircraft manufactured by Embraer is well suited to the requirements of the developing countries because of its price, economical operational use, regional flying range with access to small airports.

Prospects for the Brazilian aviation industry and new challenges The position of Embraer on the global markets proved that the development strategy of aviation industry in Brazil was successful. One of the elements of success was the right choice of the market niche void of competition with the leading world big aircraft manufacturers, and undertaking production in certain specific segments of the small aircraft market. In addition, domestic personnel comprising of talented engineers and constructors was promoted in the design of the new models. The system of cooperation and links with the main suppliers of parts and sub-assemblies located abroad secured the high level of innovation and competitiveness on the side of manufacturers. Aircraft manufactured by Embraer turned out to be very attractive when the idea of cheap air flights appeared on the scene and orders for small aircraft, for shorter distances, with economic fuel consumption, adopted to different regional conditions and different requirements of the customers, augmented. In spite of the fact that the present day model of aviation industry development is successful, subsequent important challenges will have to be met in the nearest future. The uniqueness of the Embraer success lies in the creation of a competitive global enterprise in the high tech sector without considerable outlays for own research and without relevant development of advanced production technology in the domestic enterprises. Keeping pace with the competition in the global market will in the future require an increased expenditures on R&D, decidedly too low at present, and improvements in manufacturing of highly advanced technologically aircraft components in domestic aviation enterprises. Dependence on the foreign technology suppliers and several components should be lessened as it may impede further development. Cooperation with the BRIC countries should create a favorable environment for overcoming these challenges.

Dymitr Ogonowski

Dymitr Ogonowski MSN Scientific Network

Russian technological potential for the exports to India and China In contemporary international economic relations trading in raw materials, in particular in energy carriers continues to be of considerable strategic importance. For Russia it has become the basic source of foreign currency and a qualifying factor of its specialization on the international level. However, throughout the 21st century the Russian reserves of raw materials will probably become extinct. The world may also turn to new sources of energy. Therefore, the present structure of the Russian economy may doom this country to marginalization. In order to prevent such development, it is, therefore, necessary to undergo a long-term structural transformation.57 Russia is an interesting partner in those sectors of economy which are connected with armament and in particular to China as China cannot purchase armament legally from the highly developed countries. In 1990s Russia delivered to China the manufacturing technology for the Su-27 fighters, anti-aircraft rockets, artillery systems, radiolocation stations, submarines and electronic equipment.58 However, apart from the political issues such transfers of technology constitute a threat to Russia itself as it weakens the country’s future possibility to export one’s own products. China may under the circumstances strengthen its military potential by their own domestic production. The classic example in this case is the instance of Su-27 fighters. China has developed production of this combat aircraft adding their own components, at the same time introducing Russian technological devices into some other kinds of Chinese production. As a result China has almost adapted the position of a rival in relation to Russia in what concerns export of arms in the world market.59 China arbitrarily alters frequently the scope of the license or submits imitations on basis of the purchased ready to use equipment. For example, presentation by the Chinese in the export exhibition of the C-602 winged rocket which turned out to be a copy of the Russian X-55 rocket was met with Russian discontent. Also the engine for Tai Hang WS-10 fighters was copied on basis of the Russian engine AL-31F, used in Su-27. In the 21st century it is more difficult for Russia to maintain its export position in the technologically advanced production on the Chinese market. In 2008 it took great effort to sell civil transport aircraft Tu-205 ordered in 2005. Nevertheless, in some segments the Russian export of military production highly advanced technologically is not under threat. For example, in January 2009 the Moscow enterprise Saliut signed a contract with China for delivery of 122 engines for J-10 fighters for the amount of over 500 million USD. These transactions cannot change the general picture, where the share of technologically highly advanced production in the overall Russian export to China remains at the level of 2-360 percent. A complete stagnation in the civil production plays a decisive role here. At the beginning of 21st century the share of Russia in the Chinese export of arms reached almost 90%. In case of import of civil technological achievements problems with imitations are observed. Chinese when obtaining access to the most advanced technologies start manufacturing 57 These problems have been dealt with at the 21st Scientific Conference of the Joint Committee of the PAN and RAN Economists: “Challengers for Poland and Russia in face of global changes in the market economy model” taking place in Warsaw June 27–28.2011. 58 “Vojennyj Paritet”, 29.06.2011. 59 “The Wall Street Journal”, 06.12.2010. 60 “ChinaPro”, 21.09.2009.

Russian technological potential for the exports to India and China

in domestic companies, not bothering about the license payment. That’s why Russia with poor potential in the advanced civil technologies enters the Chinese market in the field of export of technologies only by mediation of some limited liability companies. For this purpose the Russian capital established in China a Pioneer of Innovation group in order to establish joint ventures with Chinese companies, connected with manufacturing based on most advanced Russian technologies. However, the company has scarce financial resources at its disposal. Up till now there are few traces of the Russian technologies thus sold and this relates to the manufacturing of the mining and medical equipment reaching an income of no more than a few million USD in transactions. In the subsequent ten years Russians aspire to reach to amount of 0.5 billion USD.61 Also in case of the second main Russian commercial partner in Asia – India – Russia has an important position in the field of technologically advanced equipment only in what relates to armaments industry. In this case because of the lower volume of trade with India then with China, and also because of the traditional India interest in Russian military equipment (also in recent years India is the recipient of one third of the Russian export of arms; in 2012, for example, Russia will deliver an aircraft carrier for 2 billion USD) Russia tries hard to refrain from its specialization in raw materials. India is also interested in Russian technology in the field of nuclear power engineering. However, in this case Russia may again become a victim of its specialization in raw materials. In the filed of armaments industry Russia meets a fierce competition from the Western World. The United States and the EU, contrary to China, are not in political conflict with India. Hitherto precaution resulted from reluctance to disturb the balance of power in the India-Pakistani relations, yet now the West considers India as an ally fighting against terrorism and has no objections to acquire profit from the arms trade. The position of Russia as the main supplier of arms equipment for India is thus under threat, more so, as the modernization of its military industry progresses less promptly that in the highly developed countries. Lately, a new form of cooperation emerged between Russia and India, namely cooperation in developing new military technologies. Joint work on the supersonic winged missile BrahMos confirms such cooperation. Russia takes also part in the tender regarding manufacture of combat helicopters, high altitude helicopters, and cargo helicopters in India with a prospect of exporting these products to the third countries. The volume of investments might reach 4 billion USD. Competition from West European and US companies has to be, nevertheless, considered. The result of the tender is so far not known. Profit from delivery of helicopters assembled in India for the India air forces would go to the winner. Competition in the India arms market is so fierce at the moment and low price is no longer decisive, as is the case of the lost MiG-35 tender.62 Russia would stand a chance in this kind of advanced cooperation. However, even winning this tender could not considerably increase the currently limited number of cooperative links of the Russian firms with the world economy. In general, the Russian-Indian cooperation is illustrative of problems connected with irregularities in Russian deliveries of equipment and spare parts for aircraft and helicopters already purchased under the contract provisions. Rosoboroneksport, a Russian enterprise licensed to sell arms frequently approaches the customer to negotiate new prices for these parts. India military authorities complain that this kind of approach has in consequence negative effect on the combat aptitude of their air force. As a result India is compelled to invite tenders for international delivery, as is the case of some components for the transport and fuel aircraft: Ił-76 and Ił-78, transformers for MiG-29, 61 “ChinaPro”, 62 “New

8.09.2008. region” [in Russian], May 2011.

Dymitr Ogonowski

wheels for Su-30MKI.63 Problems of this kind lower the competitive position of the Russian armaments industry on the India market. As for increasing the overall level of Russian-Indian cooperation in the field of advanced technology the experts point out as a drawback not only the technological backwardness of the Russian economy but also the scarcity of information regarding cooperation with India. In comparison with the Soviet era a considerable step back took place. However, in view of the regained Russian interest in the Asian countries, weakened in 1990-ties, Russia and India apart from restoring cooperation in traditional areas, such as military or space technology will slowly start cooperation in other fields. There is political will on the side of Russia and India and on the side of the government and of the president. The Russian authorities also pay attention to the fact of insufficient cooperation of industry with the academia. There is no doubt that some innovativeness in the Russian economy will take place. But will that be enough, so as not to widen the gap between Russia and highly developed countries, and even some Asian countries? Even at the time of the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991 Russia in spite of her obsolete industry had her economic structures less outdated than China and India. At present China outruns Russian economy technologically in many civil branches, and the cheap labor is not the only asset. Circumstances surrounding the Russian export success are connected with the political situation between Russia, China and India. In the nearest future there will be no serious problems here. The highest level contacts expand and China, and India have in many instances similar approach to the problems of the world politics. As a matter of fact, at least at the official level, there are no political problems in the Russian-Chinese relations at present. And relations with India are traditionally favorable. However, if relations between China and the highly developed countries improve, Russia may face competition in military technology there. Russia, provided the Russian arms industry does not deteriorate more, will remain an attractive partner for China for in spite of lagging behind the most advanced American industry achievements and also in the field of arms industry, the Russian deliveries to the Chinese market lessen the distance of this country towards USA. Nevertheless, Russia sometimes experiences certain fears of strategic nature. So, while they sold India Su30MK fighters with no reservations, the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation objected delivery to China of the older version of Su-30K. Russia has also refused to sell her 50 Su-33 aircraft. The reason might have been fear of imitations by China. So the attitude has changed as compared with 1990-ties when China was able to purchase anything they wanted, even in barter agreement for consumer goods. In conclusion, it is worth pointing out that the structural transformation of the Russian economy is of key importance for its future in the world economy. The scope of success of the Russian modernization is uncertain. A moderate option seems most probable in the foreseeable future. Therefore, Russia will probably not become one of the leading manufacturers in civil technologies on a world scale nor will the country recede totally until the raw materials expire with marginalization and economical degradation to follow. The importance of China and India in the world economy will steadily increase. Therefore technological cooperation of Russia with these countries will supplement the Western course of the Russian cooperation. In the field of arms industry export to these countries will provide an opportunity to acquire assets for modernization and development of advanced technologies, yet same improvements in the quality of performance in management and elimination of pathological occurrences will also be required.

63 India was disappointed by the level of support to the Russian technology [in Russian], 6.04.11, website: Newsland.

Know-how ready to implement

Marek Niechciał Institute of Economics, National Bank of Poland

Know-how ready to implement Poland has a long tradition of aviation. Polish industry’s offer for leisure aviation (General Aviation sector, see table 3) seems particularly valuable. For obvious reasons the Polish offer cannot as far as volume is concerned match the aviation giants, such as the United States or Germany. The volume of aircraft, gliders or engines offered by the Polish aviation companies is lower than for example in the Czech Republic, even in the line of such specialized, traditionally Polish branch as the gliders. Both countries – Poland and the Czech Republic – are illustrative of similar political, social and economic transformations. Therefore, at the time of systemic transition both the Polish and the Czech offer was not the most advanced. The challenge was to modernize the engine and increase the participation of composite material in the structure of the aircraft. In what regards gliders transfer from glass composites constructions to more advanced carbon constructions was required. Both countries had, nevertheless, trenchant lead in comparison with such countries as Hungary or Bulgaria which have been subjected to similar vicissitudes and had not developed their aviation industry. Table 3 Offer for the Leisure Aviation (General Aviation) 2010 LSA;

Homebuilts;

Aircraft with certificate

Aircraft and Motor Gliders

Gyroplanes

Helicopters

Combustion Engines

Argentina

Australia

Austria

Belgium

Brazil

Bulgaria

The Czech Republic

France

Spain

Holland

India

Iran

Japan

Canada

Columbia

Korea

Lithuania

Malaysia

State

Marek Niechciał

Tabl. 3 (continued)

Germany

New Zeland

Poland

Portugal

Russia

Republic of South Africa

Rumania

Salvador

Serbia

Slovakia

Slovenia

Switzerland

Sweden

Thailand

Taiwan

Ukraine

USA

Hungary

Italy

United Arab Emirates

Source: Own work based on: World Directory of Leisure Aviation 2010/2011 (special edition of: Today’s Pilot, Vol Moteur &Flugel; Global Flighing; Experimental Aircraft Association), 2010.

Development and manufacturing of leisure aircraft constitute in most cases the first stage in the development of the aviation industry. Indonesia may serve as an example. In the middle of 1960s Poles provided assistance in implementing the manufacturing of a tourist PZL 104 Wilga aircraft. This was the beginning of the Indonesian aviation industry. In the 1980s Indonesia in cooperation with Spain64 worked out a transport aircraft CASA CN-235. By the end of 1990 Poland purchased transport aircrafts CASA-295 which were derivatives of the quoted CASA CN-235 aircraft. The Polish CASA-295 provide service for the Polish armed forces quota in the foreign missions (Afghanistan and earlier Iraq and Chad) The manufacturer of CASA is at present the owner of PZL Okęcie from where PZL 104 Wilga aircraft originally derives. The Warsaw plant manufactures parts for the Airbuses and Spanish-Indonesian CN-235. The problem of the Polish aviation products in the world markets is best illustrated on the example of aircraft engines designated for the leisure aviation. In the catalogue from which data in Table 3 are derived, no information is provided regarding the Polish engine manufacturers. Absence on the list of leisure aviation is under64 Since 2000 the aircraft has been manufactured by the largest European aviation group EADS with sale revenues in 2009 at the level of 42 billion Euro, employment of 119.5 thousand people and R&D outlays 2.8 billion Euro (basis: The 2010 Industrial R&D Investment Scoreboard, European Commission, UE 2010 ) – ed.

Know-how ready to implement

standable where reference is made to the manufacturers of big engines, like the Rzeszów or Kalisz aviation plants. However, these are not the only plants manufacturing aircraft engines in Poland. At present, there are in Poland at least two manufacturers of engines for the GA (Franklin Aircraft Engines from the town of Grudziądz65 and Vaxell66 engines manufactured in the Świątek67 plants in the city of Bydgoszcz). The Franklin engines have been manufactured in Poland since 1970s. At that time they had the most advanced engine for light aircraft offered by the RWPG countries68 – better than Czech and Russian. Franklins69 derive from a well established American manufacturer of aircraft engines70 who declared bankruptcy in 1970-ties. Even now the Franklin engines could provide an alternative for the American offer of Continental or Lycoming. Subsequently the Vaxell engines may compete with the four-stroke Rotax engines domineering in the light aircraft industry. The Polish aviation in order to force their offer require capital outlays71) and some adequate marketing. Illustrative of the Polish experience in the aviation industry is the development of products only until they reach the market stage, even in case of the offers addressed to such specific groups as the armed forces or the government. It is difficult to overestimate the experience gained as a result of the aviation program connected with the aircraft I-22 Iryda or the tourist and sports I-23 Manager aircraft in the process of developing since 1993, tested in 1997, and until now existing in now more than a few specimen. The aircraft may be compared with the Cirus SR-20/2272 family (tested only two years earlier) of which 5 thousand have been manufactured in the last decade. I-23 aircraft was to be cheaper then Cirus for approx. 10% and the Cirus company was a new entrant and had no competitive advantage over the Polish companies resulting among other things from the access to the service network.73 The example of I-23 confirms that the requirement of the market was met with understanding yet lack of capital obstructed the manufacturing of the product. The length of time devoted to elaboration of the project influenced in a lesser degree the fate of the SW-4 helicopter whose origins go back to 1980s. The helicopter considering its propulsion (turbine engine) and useful freight should be competitive to Robinson R-66. The Polish helicopter is cheaper (from 5–10%) and faster than its American counterpart. In spite of this and the fact that SW-4 has obtained a certificate of competence in 2002, and R-66 in 2010, the American helicopter has gathered more orders than the Polish product. Only the Chinese contract of 2006 for the licensed construction of SW-4 may improve the statistics.74 65 http://www.franklin-engines.com/ 66 By

end of May these companies have not provided their data re.: the survey – ed. http://www.vaxell.com/; http://www.vaxell.com/?sLang=en; http://www.vaxell.com/? sLang=es 68 The Council of Mutual Economic Aid (RWPG) comprising of the following countries: The People’s Republic of Bulgaria, The People’s Republic of Czechoslovakia, the People’s Republic of Poland, The People’s Republic of Romania, The People’s Republic of Hungary, and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics; February 21, 1949 The People’s Republic of Albania joined in, and September 29, 1950 the German Democratic Republic. The RWPG was dissolved on basis of agreement June 28, 1991, in Budapest – ed. 69 Immediately after the 2nd World War the Franklin works covered 65 per cent of the American Market of light engines, however erroneous strategy of the then owner (an automotive group) shifted the delivery to Continental and Lycoming. 70 The Franklin engine propelled also the first Sikorsky helicopter VS-300, the originator of all the present day helicopters. 71 See also: E. Puchała-Krzywina paper in this Report. 72 Of late connected with the tragic accident with participation of the prominent Polish architect. 73 Supremacy resulting from propagation is illustrative in the case of the American Cessna; pilots with a certificate of competence for 150/152 and 172 models will always find an aircraft they can fly. 74 The first flight of the SW-4 helicopter assembled in China took place in Febr.2010. 67 See:

Marek Niechciał

Handicap to reach the stage of production affected yet another Polish helicopter IS-2 whose origins go back to the second half of 1990s. Considering its parameters it could have become a rival of the most popular civil helicopter in the world Robinson R-22. However, development work on the IS-2 project is not continued, as is also the case with the training aircraft Bielik, supposedly to become the substitute of the fatigued TS-11 Iskra (former name of EM-10 Bielik is Iskra-II). Nevertheless, both products have found financing for the R&D stage. The challenge for the Polish aviation industry is that production cannot rely and be based on the domestic customers. Two thousand aircraft is registered in Poland.75 The consumer market for new aircraft, helicopters and gliders etc. Is too limited to finance the Polish industry. Additionally, as is the case in the automotive market – Poles in general have preference for the second-hand foreign made aircraft,76 and not the new domestic product. In the Czech Republic the situation is different, The volume of registered aircraft in relation to the number of inhabitants is bigger, although in absolute numbers the Czech Republic is not an aviation power. Yet the Czech industry is capable to submit a wide range of GA products while production of the leading Polish aircraft GA-PZL Wilga77 is not continued by PZL Okęcie, whose present owner is EADS, and this is in spite of offers submitted, also form Canada.78 It seems that the Polish aviation industry is able to find financial backing for the stage of design, yet there is a problem to acquire the relevant capital for implementation of the manufacturing process and finding relevant markets for the products. Some hope lies in the continuous pursuit of engineering excellence meeting the customers demands providing access to the support and service facility. Selected examples in the field of General Aviation prove that private aviation enterprises in Poland have some interesting market offers as for example is the case of the gyroplane Xenon manufactured in Poland and developed by a Frenchman (export hit) or a training aircraft AT-3 (also an export hit). An important position of the Polish aviation industry as a valuable supplier of components for the aircraft manufactured in other countries should also be stressed.

75 In the first days of January 2011–2215 aircraft enrolled into the Register of Civil Aircraft operated by the Civil Aviation Bureau (ULC), and further 628 into the Register of Civil Aircraft for 2010. Civil Aviation Bureau: Jerzy Liwiński, Center of Scientific, Technical and Economic Information – ed. 76 With 20 and 30 years old Cessnas 150/152 and 172 in the lead. 77 The biggest number of aircraft manufactured in compliance with the Polish construction (approx. 1000 aircraft). 78 Talks were under way to move production across the Atlantic.

The issue of the Polish aviation sector in the foresight projects

Iwona Nowicka Ministry of Science and Higher Education

The issue of the Polish aviation sector in the foresight projects In recent years the role of the aviation sector in Poland has increased. Specifically, international passenger flights have fared well, followed by domestic air transport. The importance of the air transport grows steadily as it has the advantage of significantly shorter travel times and access to the most remote parts of our globe. Air transport is the quickest, most extensive and ever cheaper means of transport. In view of the above the aviation sector in Poland, namely the transport, infrastructure, development of the aviation industry and of the advanced technologies is widely researched, including foresight studies. Most foresight studies, carried out in Poland at the national, regional and sectoral, have taken up this subject area. The project Directions for the development of material technologies for the Aviation Valley cluster, realized by the Association of the Aviation Manufacturers the Aviation Valley, is arguably the most important foresight study for the aviation sector. The aim was to develop a forecast for the next fifteen years regarding the possible course of development of the material technologies in view of the manufacturing prospects of the Polish aviation industry. Aviation industry experts, and experts from the R&D centers throughout the country specializing in the material technology for the aviation industry have been approached to provide opinions and work out the forecast. The final result of the project was the list of key technologies specified in six groups presented here below,79 i.e.: technology of manufacturing metal elements for engine and gear units, aircraft landing gear and instrumentation; technologies applied in manufacturing of elements for construction of fuselage in airframes and helicopters, and manufacturing methods regarding parts for aerospace engine with application of non-metal materials; assembly technologies; methods of controlling testing techniques for parts and components; technologies in the field of avionics; Jokers80 There are other industry foresight projects which have taken the subject matter of aviation sector. In the foresight project regarding polymer materials carried out by the consortium coordinated by the Central Mining Institute one of the subject areas was the use of polymer materials in aviation, such as: pre-impregnates, composites, intelligent materials, ecological and adhesive materials. The outcome of the project was the conclusion that implementation of the polymer materials in the aviation industry provides an optimistic scenario of the technological development, assuming there is favorable environment of the key elements in the entire technological profile of the polymer branch with slender positive involvement on the side of the state authorities and favorable configuration of all external factors, political and economic. Increase in foreign and domestic investments will take place followed 79 See:

http://www.dolinalotnicza.pl/en/11/11 – technologies of the future. They belong to the key technologies of the foresight project and include: CNRP – carbon nanotubes, intelligence materials (as for example for helicopter blades, aerofoils, etc.) nanotechnologies applied in conversion and final foils – ed. 80 Jokers

Iwona Nowicka

by a flow of new technologies and opportunities to carry out advanced research in the field.81 The subsequent industry FOREMAT foresight coordinated by the Institute of Fundamental Technological Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences82 developed certain scenarios of improvements in advanced technologies for metallic, ceramic and composite materials indicating its application in the aviation industry, such as the type A1203 priority coating technology for Ti alloys used for aircraft and helicopter parts and parts of engine, propulsion, or ventilator, low carbon martensitic steel for welding in the welded aviation elements and units, heavy weight structures and operating in highly overloaded conditions (landing gear elements, for example).83 Some regional foresight projects also dealt with transport, including air transport, for example the foresight project regarding Silesia, Małopolskie, and Mazovia voivodships. The Foresight Mazovia – carried out by Industrial Institute of Automation and Measurement and Information Processing Center and aimed at identification of leading technologies of strategic importance the development of which in the next twenty years will be a priority for the Mazovia region, and determination of the scenarios of development. Three scenarios presented here below present the vision of the air transport development in Mazovia.84 The basic scenario. The Warsaw airport Okęcie is the most important airport in Poland. According to the data of the Civil Aviation Office in 2006 it served 53% of the passenger traffic in Poland. The importance of this airport decreases considerably from year to year while the position of other airports grows (Kraków-Balice), Gdańsk-Rębiechowo, etc.). This trend will continue in the years to come – the Fryderyk Chopin airport will remain the most important airport in Poland, nevertheless, its share in servicing the air traffic will gradually decrease. In the nearest future the construction of Modlin airport complementary to Okęcie will be completed. Modlin will take over from the Warsaw airport the so called cheap airlines and charter flights, both domestic and international. The Okęcie airport is to be reached by a direct railway connection. Prospective further development of airports on supraregional scale (Okęcie and Modlin) depends on the growing demand for air transport. In spite of dynamic growth of interest in air travel in the recent years the in-coming capacity of both airports should be sufficient for servicing the air traffic until 2020. In the years to come the trend should stabilize, mainly because the remaining airports will take over some of the air traffic. The positive scenario. In the voivoship of Mazovia the airports in the towns of Płock and Radom will modernize. Local civil airports are to be built to service regular passenger flights, yet only on the regional scale. These airports will probable be ready in years 2010–2013. The negative scenario. Until 2020 apart from developments and improvements in the airport of Modlin and repair and modernization works of the existing infrastructure no other investment works are feasible. In spite of growing interest in air 81 K.

Czaplicka-Kolarz (ed.) Foresight Polimerowy. Scenariusze rozwoju technologicznego materiałów polimerowych w Polsce, Instytut Włókien Naturalnych, Poznań 2008. 82 The consortium comprises of: Centrum Zaawansowanych Materiałów i Technologii − CAMAT, Platforma Technologiczna Zaawansowanych Materiałów, Instytut Podstawowych Problemów Techniki PAN − IPPT, Instytut Wysokich Ciśnień PAN − IWC, Instytut Nauk Ekonomicznych PAN − INE PAN, Instytut Metali Nieżelaznych − IMN, Instytut Metalurgii i Inżynierii Materiałowej PAN − IMIM PAN, Wytwórnia Sprzętu Komunikacyjnego – PZL Świdnik, Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza w Krakowie − AGH, Instytut Metalurgii Żelaza − IMŻ, Wydział Inżynierii Materiałowej Politechniki Warszawskiej − WIM PW – ed. 83 B. Gambin, W. Łojkowski, A. Świderska-Środa (ed.) FOREMAT. Scenarios of modern metal, ceramic, and composite material technologies development, vol. 2. [in Polish], Wydawnictwo Naukowe Instytutu Technologii Eksploatacji – PIB, Radom 2008. 84 See: http://www/formmazovia.pl/download/raport3.pdf

The issue of the Polish aviation sector in the foresight projects

travel in the recent years the in-coming capacity of both airports should be sufficient for servicing the air traffic until 2020. The National Foresight Program Polska 202085, completed in 2008, includes a field Sustainable Development of Poland, where, under the theme of Transport, aviation sector was studied. As the result the following priorities in the field have been presented86: general aviation, developing a coherent system of air transport in Poland, rational organization of Polish sky and localization of regional airports, Systems for managing the Polish sky within the Single European Sky. The foresight strategy allows to determine systematically the vision of development and lay out priorities for development of technologies in a given field, in a mid range and long term time horizon. The aviation sector in Poland because of its rapid development and growing importance in the economy requires this kind of insight and that is why it should be subject to foresight research in the future.

85 Carried out by the group comprising of: Institute of Fundamental Technological Research Polish Academy of Sciences, Pentor Research International, Institute of Economics of the Polish Academy of Sciences – ed. 86 See: http://www.polska2020.pl/cms/pl/rozwoj/transport/report

Paweł Krzywina

Paweł Krzywina Law Office POLFINANS

Legal changes in the aviation business activity Institutions may play an important role in the development of innovativeness in the sector of aviation. Legislation regulating the functioning of this sector of business activity constitutes its important part. On 17 May 2011, the act dated 13 May 2011, concerning amendments in the act on the Aviation law and of some other acts was remitted to the Polish President and the Marshal of the Senate. The process of updating and harmonization with the European regulations of the Act dated 3 July 2002 – The Aviation Law87 (called hereinafter the Act) – was thus concluded after several years of work. Business entities in different stages of development of their activity are under obligation to comply with the Act. Amendments resulted in gathering in one single Act the requirements dispersed in many legal acts that all the entrepreneurs connected with the aviation industry (including transport services and support services) had to observe since Poland joined the European Union. Increase of cooperation in the aviation sector enterprises might grow as a result of such harmonization constituting an important tenet in the growth of inventiveness. The most important EU regulations influencing the content of the new provisions include88: regulation of the European Parliament and the Council (EC) no 216/2008 of 20 Feb. 2008, on common principles in the field of civil aviation and establishing the European Aviation Safety Agency; Commission (EC) regulation no: 1315/2007 of 8 Nov. 2007, on safety oversight in air traffic management, and amending regulation (EC) no 2096/2005; Commission regulation no: 820/2008/EC of 8 Aug.2008, laying down measures for the implementation of the common basic standards on aviation security; regulation no: 1008/2008/EC of the European Parliament and the Council (EC) of 24 Sept. 2008, on common rules for the operation of air services in Community (transformation).89 87 Journal

of Laws: Dz.U. 2006 No: 100, item 696, as amended.

88 See: http://orka.sejm.gov.pl/Druki6ka.nsf/0/16F6DE751E9CBF01C12575DF002C0E5D/$file/

prawo%20lotnicze%20uzas.doc 89 Moreover: Commission (EC) regulation no: 2042/2003 of 20 November, 2003, on the continuing airworthiness of aircraft, parts and engines, and also certification of organizations and staff performing these tasks, constituting executive bylaws to the regulation of the European Parliament and the Council (EC) no: 216/2008 of 20 February, 2008, implementing uniform rules in the field of civil aviation and establishment of the European Aviation Safety Agency, and repealing the Council directive 91/670/EEC, regulation no: 1592/2002 and directive 2004/36/EC; Commission (EC) regulation no 1702/2003 of 24 September, 2003, laying down implementing rules for the certification of aircraft and related products, parts and equipment for the airworthiness and environmental protection and for certification of design and production constituting executive bylaws to the regulation of the European Parliament and the Council (EC) no 216/2008, of 20 February, 2008, implementing uniform rules in the field of civil aviation and establishment of the European Aviation Safety Agency, and repealing the Council directive 91/670/EEC, regulation no: 1592/2002 and directive 2004/36/EC; regulation no 1107/2006/EC of the European Parliament and the Council of 5 July, 2006, regarding the right of the disabled persons and persons with reduced mobility traveling by air;

Legal changes in the aviation business activity

In consequence, in the Act comprising 232 articles 157 amendments have been proposed, and they will to a considerable degree update almost all the existing regulations. The case of title VIII of the Act i.e.: Business Activity in Aviation90 shows the nature of the amendment introduced. The new art.164 authorizes the Head of the Office to grant air transport licenses on basis of the provisions under regulation no 1008/2008/EC.91 Lifting the obligation to obtain a license for an enterprise doing business activity in the field of local flights is an important change. The amendment eliminating the three years period of suspension after the decision withdrawing the license is good. New regulations removed compliance with art. 61 of July 2, 2004, Act on Freedom of Business Activity92 where in case of the license suspension the entrepreneur could apply for it again after the expiry of the period of three years. An advantageous example indicating the line of amendments in the act is provided under Art. 166 section 3 of the act specifying the required annexes to the license application. When comparing the annexes required up till now with the annexes under the new regulations it may be concluded that: some provisions have not changed as under paragraph 1, stating that documents specifying the legal status of the Petitioner shall be attached (establishing a legal person, excerpt from the relevant register), provisions are more precise as in section 2 where it was explicitly specified that the right of property shall also include leasing, while in the former construction of the provision the issue in questions arose some doubts, requirements have been reduced as for example in case of suspending the obligation to submit a statement legalized by a notary that neither insolvency nor liquidation have been reported, requirements have been extended so as to harmonize the rules governing the activity within the entire Union by direct reference to its provisions. New stipulations under paragraph 4 and 5 requiring submission of the following documents provide an example: OO documents confirming that persons permanently and factually in charge of the enterprise meet the requirement under art. 7 regulation no 1008/2008/EC. Documents shall be valid as at the time of filing the license application and issued not later than three months prior to their submission; OO documents confirming that financial obligations resulting from regulation under art. 5 no: 1008/2008/EC have been satisfied: a) for applicant applying for a license to perform aircraft transport with maximum MTOM less then 10 tons or number of seats less then 20 – a document confirming the net capital in the amount of no less then 100,000 euro and in case of net capital of a lower volume – documents specified under part 1 of the annex I to the regulation no: 1008/2008/EC, b) for applicant applying for a license to perform aircraft transport with maximum MTOM no less then 10 tons or number of seats no less then 20 – a business plan covering a period of no less than three years as from the date of starting activity in the field of aircraft transport. Commission (EC) regulation no: 8/2008 of 11 December, 2007, amending regulation of the Council (EEC) no: 3922/91 relating to common technical requirements and administrative procedures applicable to commercial transportation by airplane; regulation of the European Parliament and the Council (EC) no 300/2008 of 11 March, 2008, regarding common rules in the field of civil aviation security and repealing regulation (EC) no: 2320/2002. 90 Because of the framework of the present paper only some provisions regarding the licenses conferred by the President of the Civil Aviation Office have been considered. 91 Earlier with regulation no 2407/92/EWG. 92 Journal of Laws: Dz.U. 2007 No 155, item 1095, as amended.

Paweł Krzywina

Difficulties on the side of the Legislator in conveying the provisions of the European law into the aviation law in force in Poland is well illustrated in the analysis of the paragraph 4, referred to in the foregoing. As indicated in the foregoing the Polish Act under art. 166, section 3 paragraph 4 prescribes that documents specified under art. 7 of the regulation no:1008/2008/EC shall be submitted. The European provision comprises three paragraphs,93 including: 1. Where for the purpose of issuing an operating license proof is required that the persons who will continuously and effectively manage the operations of the undertaking are of good repute or they have not been declared bankrupt, the competent licensing authority shall accept as sufficient evidence in respect of nationals of member States the production of documents issued by the competent authorities in the member State of origin or the member State where the person has his/her permanent residence showing that those requirements are met. 2. Where the Member State of origin or the Member State where the person has his/ her permanent residence does not issue the documents referred to in paragraph 1, such documents shall be replace by a declaration of oath or – in Member States where there is no provision for declaration of oath – by a solemn declaration made by the person concerned before a competent judicial or administrative authority or, where appropriate, a notary or qualified professional body of the Member State of origin or the Member State where the person has his/her permanent residence. Such authority, notary or qualified professional body shall issue a certificate attesting the authenticity of the declaration of oath or solemn declaration. The amendments proposed by the Legislator apart from implementing the EU provisions to the Polish law strengthening thus more effective cooperation in the aircraft transport services, may also facilitate the development of the local transport in which case the obligation to obtain a license was suspended. The results of the introduced legal amendments should be subject to subsequent assessments while taking into consideration requirements arising from the development of the sector of aviation and changes in the international legislature.94 Determination of how far the legal changes introduced will increase the innovativeness of the sector of aviation which is under steady growth and development may constitute an important line of research.

93 Paragraph

3 refers to the period of the document’s validity. valuable work of M. Żylicz: International, European and national aviation law, 2nd ed. [in Polish], Biblioteka Prawnika, LexisNexis, 2011. 94 See:

Prospects for the development of the aviation sector in Poland

Microeconomic Analyses Justyna Janik Institute of Economics, Polish Academy of Sciences

Prospects for the development of the aviation sector in Poland The aviation industry and related service sector play an important role in the economic development of Poland. Aviation is classified as a high tech sector. Related services make use of the most advanced information technologies and knowledgebased organizational and marketing innovations. Aviation sector supports economic development by encouraging new investments, exports growth, and increasing demand for advanced services, products and technologies. The aviation sector comprises passenger and cargo transport (32% revenue including 2% cargo revenue), aircraft manufacturing, space ships and similar machinery95 (23%), service activity supporting the air transport – operation of airports (17%), nonspecialized wholesale (16%) and some other activities connected with aviation96 (12%). The largest company in the aviation sector in Poland is the Polish Airlines LOT S.A. with revenues of 2.7 billion zlotys in 2009, and 3500 employees. In 2009 its revenues hit the 5-year low. The trend is typical for the air transport market in Poland (see fig. 3). Since 2007 revenues were decreasing reaching in 2009 the level of the year 2004.97 The share of Polish carriers in the aviation market measured as the number of passengers checking in at the Polish airports is also on the decline. Since 2000 the volume of passengers serviced by the Polish carriers has increased by 49%, yet the overall number of checked in passengers increased for 230%. The aviation market has definitely become international. In the year 2000 every second passenger used the Polish carrier and in 2009 merely every fifth.98 Total revenues of the enterprises performing ground service in the Polish airports decreased in comparison with 2008, yet was not lower than in 2007. Revenue of Polish airports in years 2004–2009 increased twofold99 (see fig. 4) 95 NACE

code 3030 Z. activities connected with aviation include also: metal founding, machining, manufacturing tools and machinery for aviation. 97 Analysis of the Polish air transport market in 2009, Civil Aviation Office, Warsaw, December 2010, http://www.ulc.gov.pl/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=389&Itemid=468, p. 60. 98 J. Liwiński, Activity of Polish air companies in 2009, Scientific, Technical and Economic Information Center, Civil Aviation Office, http://www.ulc.gov.pl/index.php?option=com_content&task= view&id=389&Itemid=468, p. 9. 99 Analysis of the Polish air transport market in 2009, ed. cit., p. 55. 96 Other

Justyna Janik

Figure 3 Revenues of the Polish air carriers in years 2004–2009 (in million zlotys) 4,200

4,136

mln zl

4,000

3,941

3,800

3,672

3,600 3,400 3,200 3,000

3,390

3,373

3,241 2004

2005

2006

years

2007

2008

2009

Source: Own work based on Scientific Network MSN INE PAN data.

Figure 4 Revenues of the airports in Poland in years 2004–2009 (in million zlotys) 2,000

1,841

mln zł

1,800

1,468

1,400 1,200 1,000

1,746

1,652

1,600

1,080 2004

1,148 2005

2006

years

2007

2008

2009

Source: Own work based on Scientific Network MSN INE PAN data.

Revenue from sales of the aviation production in the years 2004–2009 increased almost twofold100 (see fig. 5) The biggest increase in sales was noted for the same period by the following companies: Avio Polska (300%), Goodrich Krosno (200%), Pratt&Whitney Kalisz (140%), WSK Świdnik (70%), WSK Rzeszów (over 50%). From among the high-tech industries only the manufacturing of aviation equipment101 indicates positive trade balance for years 2007–2009 (see fig. 6). The aviation industry is definitely export oriented. Export includes above all the highly processed aviation components made available because of the considerable involvement of the companies operating in the aviation industry and their involvement in R&D investments. WSK PZL Świdnik is one of the largest aircraft companies in Poland considering the number of employees and revenues. Up till now the company manufactured two types of helicopters: light SW-4 and medium W-3A Sokół. In years 2004–2009 the company invested over 150 million zlotys. R&D expenditure intensity, as related to revenues, ranks WSK PZL Świdnik among the highest in the aviation industry in the world (11.6% in 2007, 7.8% in 2008).102 Since 2010 the majority shareholder of the com100 On

basis of the data provided by MSN Scientific Network, refers to NACE 3030Z. of high-tech products based on OECD lists carried out in compliance with International Standard Trade Classification (SITC Rev.4) see: I. Świeczewska paper in this Report. 102 More about the WSK PZL Świdnik see: J. Janik, Innovativeness of the Polish aviation industry in 2006–2008, in: Report on innovativeness of the Polish economy in 2009 [in Polish], T. Baczko (ed.), INE PAN, Warsaw 2010, p. 198. 101 Classification

Prospects for the development of the aviation sector in Poland

Figure 5

mln zł

Revenues of aviation sector manufacturing enterprises in Poland in years 2004–2009 (in million zlotys) 2,500 2,300 2,100 1,900 1,700 1,500 1,300 1,100 900

2,369 2,050 1,734 1,402 1,319 2004

2005

1,044 2006 2007 years

2008

2009

Source: Own work based on INE PAN data.

Figure 6 Foreign trade balance for high-tech products (in million zlotys) Aerospace Computers & ofﬁce machinery Electronics & telecommunications Pharmacy Scientiﬁc instruments Electrical machinery Non-electrical machinery Chemistry Armament –14,000 –12,000 –10,000 –8,000 –6,000 –4,000 –2,000 2007

2008

2,000 2009

Source: Nauka i Technika w Polsce w 2009 roku, GUS, Warsaw 2011, p. 347.

pany is Agusta Westland of the Italian group Finmeccanica (manufacturer of helicopters). Since 2003 the group has achieved the highest R&D expenditure intensity in the aviation industry (16% – 2003, and in 2004 even 19.3%). R&D expenditures in 2009 reached 1.9 billion euro, sales 16.5 billion euro, R&D expenditure intensity 11.6%. Since 2005 revenues and employment increased by 70%, and the company designates annually from 1.7 (2005) to 1.9 billion euro (2007) for R&D, which constitutes 11.7% (2009) to 16.4% (2007) of revenues. Finmeccanica is one of the biggest R&D investors among the aviation companies besides EADS and Boeing. In 2009 EADS R&D expenditures – 2.8 billion euro, and revenues 42.8 billion euro in 2009. Boeing 2009 R&D expenditures – 2.4 billion euro and revenues 47.5 billion euro.103 103 Based on data provided in: The 2010 EU Industrial R&D Investment Scoreboard, European Commission, UE 2010.

Justyna Janik

The largest R&D investors in the Polish aviation industry are WSK PZL Rzeszów (95 billion zlotys in years 2004–2009), WSK PZK Kalisz (88 billion zlotys), Avio Polska (70 billion zlotys), Military Aviation Works No. 1 (14 billion zlotys). Figure 7 Companies with the highest R&D expenditure intensity in the world (in %) WSK PZL�KALISZ S.A. (POL) Finmeccanica (ITA) AVIO POLSKA (POL) Industria de Turbo Propulsores (ESP) RUAG (SWZ) FLIR Systems (USA) Rockwell Collins (USA) Elbit Systems (ISR) Dassault Aviation (FRA) EADS (NLD) 0.00

10.00 2009

2008

20.00 2007

30.00 2006

Source: Own work based on The 2010 EU industrial R&D Investment Scoreboard, European Commission, UE 2010 and INE PAN data.

The leaders in R&D expenditures (see fig. 7) are: WSK PZL-Kalisz (engine manufacturing), Avio Polska (engine components manufacturing).104 In 2009 the WSK PZL ‑Kalisz invested almost 19% of its revenues on R&D. The company is the manufacturer of Asz62IR aviation engines for An-2 and M-18 Dromader aircraft and AI-14R engines for PZL-101 Gawron and PZL-104 Wilga aircraft. They cooperate with General Electric Transportation Systems, Allison Transmission, Turbomeca, Sulzer Texil Switzerland, Pratt&Whitney Kalisz. Some of the WSK PZL-Kalisz S.A. production goes to the air forces. The Company is the biggest enterprise in the region of Wielkopolska and the iniciator of the Wielkopolski Aviation Cluster.105 In Poland the aviation industry is under steady development, in particular in the branch of light and ultra-light aircraft, gliders and unmanned aircraft. Silesia manufactures gliders and ultra-light aircraft.106 Ultra-light planes are also manufactures by Aviacom.pl in Ostrołęka. The company was established in 2005 and in 2007 acquired a certificate of competence as a designing organization from the European Aviation Safety Agency (PART 21A.14). The company manufactures composite parts for PZL104MA Wilga 2000 planes,107 and PZL-130 Orlik TCII for EADS PZL Okęcie S.A. The 104 For

p. 199.

intensity of R&D outlays in years 2006–2007 see J. Janik: Innovativeness…, op.cit.,

105 For aviation clusters see J. Janik, From tradition to innovative cooperation. Aviation clusters in Poland, in: Report on innovativeness of the Polish economy in 2010 [in Polish], T. Baczko (ed.), INE PAN, Warsaw 2011, pp. 210−212. 106 More about Silesian companies in: J. Janik: From tradition…, ed. cit., pp. 210–211. See also: K. Krystowski paper in the Report. 107 See also: M. Niechciał paper in this Report.

Prospects for the development of the aviation sector in Poland

company belongs to the sector of small and medium size enterprises. They cooperate with the Faculty of Power and Aeronautical Engineering of the Warsaw University of Technology in the field of construction of the ultra-light aircraft AF-129.108 The aircraft has a modern design and was approved by the Office of Harmonization of Internal Market (OHIM) and qualified as an Industrial European Pattern. The company is the Partner of Pomorski Technological and Research Park where serial manufacturing of the aircraft will be initiated. In Gdynia 50 two seaters and four seaters light aircraft are to be manufactured annually, mainly for the American and the Canadian markets. The aircraft has excellent technical parameters, and is light as it is manufactured from the carbon fiber. The aircraft is furnished with a rescue system – a special parachute permitting safe landing not only for the pilot and the prospective passenger, but also for the entire air vehicle.109 In Poland unmanned aerial vehicles are also manufactured. The WB Electronics works in Ożarów Mazowiecki specialize in advanced data communication improvements for the requirements of the country’s defenses, and the company Flytronic Sp. z o.o.110 have engineered a light aerial vehicle piloted remotely from the earth with a unique day and night surveillance gimbal with TV and thermographic cameras. The project is called FlyEye. First sets have already been purchased by the Polish armed forces. The system was awarded by the Minister of Internal Affairs and Administration in the 18th International Defense Industry Exhibition in Kielce taking place September 7–9, 2010. The Flytronic company cooperates as a partner with the Faculty of Automation, Electronics and Computer Science of the Silesian University of Technology, in a project entitled: Concept and realization of the unmanned aerial platforms designated for reconnaissance and surveillance tasks, with the Polish Academy of Sciences and with the Silesian University. At present one of the most important research projects of the company is realization of the project co-financed within framework Task 1.4 in the Strategic Innovative Economy Program entitled: Innovative reconnaissance and surveillance system based on the unmanned flying platforms. The system will be based on unmanned medium size flying platforms. Within the project industrial research and development work will be performed illustrative of innovativeness on the international scale. Another example of unmanned aerial vehicle is the unmanned air platform MJ-7 Szogun developed by the Military Institute of Armament Technology and the Eurotech Mielec. The platform may be equipped with different kinds of devices, such as optical observation system, radiolocation pod and electronics warfare measures. In 2009 Szogun has satisfactory completed the competence tests in the Central Air Force Testing Ground in Ustka. Tests confirmed usefulness of the imitator as a training device for the Anti-Aircraft Defense Forces. Szogun allows to train servicing of anti‑aircraft defense units with all kinds of guidance: radar, thermal and optical. In the Air Force Institute of Technology in Warsaw (ITWL) the following aerial vehicles have come into being: BSL (unmanned flying medium) Nietoperz 3L – a mobile light unmanned system for surveillance and reconnaissance of targets with the range of 15 km for civil and military use; Koliber – unmanned aerial vehicle with the vertical take off and landing system performing aerial reconnaissance in build up area for the direct support of the army sub-units, police, frontier guards, fire brigades, rescue emergency services, to prepare the photographic documentation. The Kaliber is equipped with a surveillance module – a camera controlled in one axis, data and image transmission system, emergency parachute system of landing, autopilot 108 The AF-129 constructor is Andrzej Frydrychewicz, M.Sc.Eng. whose output includes construction of PZL-104 Wilga, PZL-106 Kruk and PZL-130 Orlik. 109 The Company presented their aircraft at the Industrial Technology, Science and Innovation Fair – Innowacje 6 in Gdańsk on 13–14 Oct. 2010. 110 Flytronic Sp. z o.o. was established 1 Feb., 2008. It is an advanced Research and Development Center operating within the WB Electronics group.

Justyna Janik

with possibility to plan the mission in advance. On basis of the unmanned aircraft a miniature unmanned surveillance system HOB-bit was developed in the ITWL. It is a set of unmanned aircraft (two or more to secure continuity of the tasks performed) with electric drive, the earth station (programming, control, flight check, reception, and data transformation) and the take off catapult. For use: in direct support of the military, police, frontier control operations, fire brigade, rescue emergency units operations, also for security units supervising big entertainment or sporting events and the photographic documentation. The system upon installation of special testers or sensors may be used for meteorological measurements, analysis of chemical contamination and entomological research.111 The Polish aviation industry specializes in the manufacturing of aviation engines, engine components and also small aircraft. The network of subcontractors for foreign aviation companies extends. The aerospace groups from all over the world establish their manufacturing and design centers in Poland. The advancement in aerospace infrastructure, improvements in the airports facilities, and increasing competitiveness of the Polish carriers constitute an asset in the development of the aerospace sector.

111 See:

http://www.itwl.pl/en/pdf/uav_hobbit_ang.pdf

Sources of increased innovativeness of the aviation sector in Poland

Nela Grądzka, Kamil Kasner Institute of Economics, Polish Academy of Sciences

Sources of increased innovativeness of the aviation sector in Poland The unrestrained flow of capital and people (ideas) contributes to the economic growth of the region. The airports serve as a channel of communication for material parameters determining the said growth. The importance attached to the issue resulted in an initiative undertaken on February 11, 2009, by the European Committee which ratified the program of assistance for infrastructural projects. The overall value of all the modernization projects for the Polish airports is over 3.6 billion zlotys while the total value of co-financing put aside for these projects is 940 million zlotys.112 The remaining elements of the aviation sector are the following markets: transport, service and manufacturing. However, airports in view of the function they perform create the infrastructure for this development. Investments in airports in spite of the high capital investment involved, provide calculable effect, and the report of the Airports Council Europe (AIC Europe) indicates the effect it has on employment and revenues. The report presents employment impact and revenues in a four-dimensional arrangement: direct (employment and revenue acquired by airports), indirect (acquired in the region because of activity of a network of suppliers, goods and services), induced (acquired through expenses of indirect employees) and stimulating (acquired owing to a wide range of airport functions in the region, promoting investment and tourist activity).113 The airports, apart from providing employment, assist directly in the development of the local and national economy. Taxes paid by the airports include: the income tax, real estate tax, license fees, VAT tax, and any other tax imposed on airports, such as the passenger tax.114 Another important element is the role airports play in creating channels of distribution for export products and local entrepreneur services. The importance of airports makes the company managers take into consideration the location of their company seat or branch seat depending on the airport proximity. In the case of the Munich airport, surveys indicate that airport proximity was the main incentive for 31% of the companies moving into the area to find their location there, while 93% of the leading Irish companies use the Dublin airport for business trips.115 One asset of an airport is also the volume of the destination offers submitted. The airline operators consider it important. They take advantage of this asset in their effort to increase the financial flow from the voivodeship authorities. For example, the cheap carrier “Ryanair”116 requested a 2 million zloty annual charge, a kind of marketing fee to start the Bydgoszcz-Milan, Alicante and Glasgow117 destinations. 112 Ministry

of Infrastructure www.mi.gov.pl published: 2009–02–16. social and economic impact of airports in Europe, ACI Europe, January 2004. 114 S. Huderek: The role of air transport in the development of cities and regions [in Polish], http://www.profuturo.agh.edu.pl/pliki/Pliki_III_Zbiory_referatow/431–436_NE_Huderek.pdf 115 C. Cristureanu, A. Bobrica: Airports Driving Economic and Tourism Development , “The Romanian Economic Journal”, November 2007, p. 34., http://www.rejournal.eu/Portals/0/Arhiva ?JE%2025%Cristureanu%20Bobrica.pdf 116 In Poland, among the cheap airlines the following air carriers provide flights from Poland: Aer Lingus, Air Italy, Blekingflyg, Centralwings, CLICK4SKY, Clickair, EasyJet, Germanwings, Jet2, Norwegian, Ryanair, SkyEurope, Sterling, Transavia, Volare, WizzAir. 117 See: http://bydgoszcz.gazeta.pl/bydgoszcz/1.35590, 7502608, Marszalek_spi_wiec_internauci_zaczeli_dzialac.html 113 The

Nela Grądzka, Kamil Kasner

Figure 8 Number of checked in passengers in the airports in 2004–2010 (in thousands of persons) 25,000

tys. osób

20,000

20,650

19,138

15,000

18,928

20,469

15,362

10,000 8,835

5,000 0

2004

11,501

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

Number of passengers Source: Own estimate based on the Civil Aviation Office Report for 2004–2010.

Data concerning the checked-in passengers and the operations performed in regular and charter traffic with specification of subsequent Polish airports in the years 2004–2010 indicate that the most utilized airport is the Fryderyk Chopin airport in Warsaw. It is centrally located. The second in rank was the airport situated near Katowice – Pyrzowice – with a third of the volume of checked-in passengers, and a fourth of the volume of tax operations. The Rzeszów airport – Jasionka – was the only airport under steady development.118 It is worth noting that until 2006 the Warsaw Airport generated 50% of the passenger market (see tabl. 4). In 2010 the increase in the volume of passengers for one operation reached almost 7% (from 79.5 to 85 passengers). This demonstrates a more effective character of the operation. 119 This is caused among other things by the more efficient network of connections brought on by the financial crisis.120 Table 4 Change in the number of checked-in passengers and the operations performed in Polish airports in the years 2004–2010 (in %) Change

2004/2005

2005/2006

2006/2007

2007/2008

2008/2009

2009/2010*

Number of passengers

30.2

33.6

24.6

7.9

–8.3

8.1

Number of pax operations

13.8

16.0

11.5

–2.2

–7.7

1.2

* It should be noted that the 2010 increase took place in spite of the drastic decrease in airport operations in April, caused by the closure of airspace over most of the European countries because of increased volcanic dust emission from the Icelandic volcano. Source: Own estimate based on the Civil Aviation Office Report for 2004–2010.

Important qualitative changes have occurred in air traffic by introducing an advanced standard of fleet for the Polish Airlines LOT121 and expansion of the charter 118 Analysis of the Polish air transport market in 2010, Report of the Civil Aviation Office [in Polish], May 2011, p. 4. 119 Domestic flights carried by smaller aircraft gradually diminish while charter flights involve larger aircraft and a bigger attendance coefficient. 120 Analysis of the Polish air transport market in 2010, Report of the Civil Aviation Office [in Polish], ed. cit., p. 3. 121 Polish Airlines LOT is a member of the largest alliance in the world, the Star Alliance. They comprise 27 airlines, and operate in 181 countries. See: http://www.staraliance.com/en/about/airlines

Sources of increased innovativeness of the aviation sector in Poland

carriers. In 2010 the national carrier’s fleet expanded by four factory new Embraers 175. PLL LOT ordered, in addition, 8 innovative Boeing 787 aircraft (Dreamliner). The contract provides for the possibility of extending the order of 6 subsequent aircraft, and the manufacturer promises to deliver the first machines in April 2012.122 Aircraft modernization was also introduced by the carriers doing tourist charters.123 As of January 1st, 2011, the Register of Civil Aircraft contained 2215 machines including: 1118 aircraft; 186 helicopters; 752 gliders; 21 motogliders; 137 balloons, and 1 airship. Most of the equipment remains in aero-clubs (900) and aviation training centers and the machinery in use contains: 293 aircraft. 591 gliders, 15 balloons, 1 helicopter. Private owners are in possession of 185 planes (16% of the stock), 122 gliders (16%), 14 moto-gliders (67%); 9 helicopters (5%) and 49 balloons (35%), and 1 airship (100%). It is worth mentioning that in Poland there are 16 controlled airports, 84 uncontrolled airports, 23 landing fields, 16 military airports, and approx. 250 landing sites often with a long landing lane made of concrete adapted to receive large aircraft.124 The international importance of the Polish aviation sector was revealed in a report by the Polish Information and Investments Agency (PAIiIZ): in every passenger aircraft in the world at least one element is Polish made. The world’s leading groups invested in Poland (GE, Hamilton Sundstrand, Agusta Westland, Pratt&Whitney, Sikorsky, Hispano-Suiza, MTU Aero Engines, Avio, Goodrich, Vac Aero, EADS).125 PAIiIZ presented the 100-year history of Polish aviation and the 70 years of experience of the aviation industry indicating its competitiveness in several areas. The report lists 20 thousand highly specialized employees and over 100 companies with international certificates of competence. The aviation industry (90%) is concentrated in the south-east region of Poland. The report appreciates the ready to take and valued investment localities (Podkarpackie Science and Technology Park AEROPOLIS, Bielsko Aviation Technology Park) as well as strong scientific centers of the aviation industry in Warsaw, Rzeszów, Katowice, Lublin and Wrocław. The progress of the aviation sector in Poland is confirmed by the analysis of the MSN Scientific Network data for the period 2004–2009. The analysis included various sub-sector companies in the following fields: manufacturing, sales, transport, repair, R&D and indirect sectors. The overall revenue of the companies surveyed increased in this period 29%. The biggest growth took place between 2006 and 2007 – at 14.4%. The income reached was also the biggest. Next, as a result of the global crisis the revenue of the sector slightly decreased 3%, and subsequently 1.8% (in 2008 and 2009, respectively). The constant increase in the value of the aviation sector in Poland is also confirmed by the horizontal analysis of the balance of the enterprises creating the market. The survey of the dynamics of the balance sheet total in the five year period shows a clear trend towards an increase of the bookkeeping value of the companies under survey. In 2008 the balance sheet total reached the maximum volume.126 This fact is confirmed in the pax operation analysis of passenger planes coming in and taking off published by the Civil Aviation Office in May 2011 (see tabl. 4). 2008 was the most favorable year for the aviation sector in Poland both in terms of the volume of passengers and the volume of passenger operations. The survey of INE PAN shows that outlays for innovations and R&D in the years 2004–2009 have been designated mostly for financing the fixed assets, see fig. 9. 122 “Gazeta Wyborcza”, 20.06.2011 or: http://epmlspotters.pl/1/6/2927/Aktualno%C5%9Bci --Boeing-787-Dreamliner-w-Polsce 123 J. Liwiński: Aircraft registry 2010, Ur Scientific, Technical and Economic Information Center, Civil Aviation Office, p. 4 [in Polish]. 124 See: http://www.lotniska.mobi/ 125 Sektor Lotniczy [Aviation Sector], PAIiIZ Report, PL, 21.12.2010 (internal documents of PAIiIZ) 126 Analysis generated on the basis of the polling data submitted to the Institute of Economics of the Polish Academy of Sciences.

Nela Grądzka, Kamil Kasner

Figure 9 Participation of outlays for innovative activity in the aviation sector in the years 2004–2009 in Poland (in %) 0.37% 2.93%

0.50% 0.01%

11.45%

22.79%

13.92% 18.11% 25.76%

0.61%

3.36% 0.18%

R&D Internal R&D External R&D (purchase of R&D services) Purchase of ready technology in form of documents and rights Purchase of software Investment outlays for ﬁxed assets Outlays for buildings and civil and hydro engineering facilities. and land Outlays for machinery, technical equipment, means of transport, tools, chatells and equipment from abroad Including imported Training of staff connected directly with introduction of product and processing innovations Marketing connected with introduction of new and substantially improved products and processes Remaining outlays incurred for introduction of new or substantially improved products and processes Source: Own work based on data of MSN Scientific Network coordinated by Institute of Economics of the Polish Academy of Sciences.

Small enterprises in the Poland’s aviation industry are compelled to bear a high volume of expenses for investment outlays for machinery and equipment at the cost of training since a well-trained employee in and of himself cannot solve every problem. Employee has to have at their disposal the best equipment available, have to have a friendly work environment, and the company must have an adequate technical infrastructure to be able to face the competition. This also concerns companies that have undergone transformation from typically manufacturing establishments to modernized management versions of a business activity. This is also the case with companies subjected to restructuring and backed up with direct foreign investments (BIZ) as in the case of the PZL Mielec works purchased in 2007 from ARP S.A. by the United Technologies Holdings S.A. (UTH), a company of the United Technologies Corporation (UTC).127 The INE PAN survey indicates that in the years 2004–2009 the share of outlays for investment in the net sales revenue was at a level of 3%. Considering the share of export sales in the net sales revenue the company Avio Polska Sp. z o.o. is an unchallengeable leader.128 The export sales constitute over 90% of the total sales 127 See:

http://www.plzmielec.pl/firma/dzialalnosc/, http://www.utc.com.Home http://www.aviogroup.com/en, http://aviopolska.pl/. The Company was awarded by the MSN Scientific Network and Institute of Economics of the Polish Academy of Sciences as the inventor of the most innovative product in 2009 i.e. GEnx2b turbine blade , http://www. 128 See:

Sources of increased innovativeness of the aviation sector in Poland

in the years under survey. However, considering the value of export sales the Wytwórnia Sprzętu Komunikacyjnego PZL-Świdnik S.A. works had almost double the volume of sales. It is difficult to determine the manner of financing the innovative activity on the grounds of the base. Surveys indicate that financing is derived from one’s own sources and funds received from the state budget or from abroad, and, on a very limited scale from bank credits. Companies with foreign equity129 indicate that there are many aspects of the issue of innovativeness, and one of the most vital remains the problem of access to capital. Companies are of the opinion that an external condition facilitating the emergence of an innovation is above all the availability of the source of financing. Entrepreneurs at a given moment come to a wall they cannot mount without the supply of equity capital.130 The company owners in the branch of aviation industry should submit their offers to the Private Equity/Venture Capital (PE/VE) funds which are interested in feeding their capital into companies with a high development potential, innovative projects fit exceptionally well into this particular field131 of activity. The process of innovating in a small company differs considerably from the process in a large company, where the corporation feeds in the required capital and demands innovative activities. The EU programs are of highest importance in obtaining investment grants. Yet its shortcoming is the fact that small and medium range enterprises are refunded the costs incurred for their innovations with considerable delay. Equity connected with innovative ventures ought to be cheaper and easier to reach. What is of enormous importance in promoting and generating innovations is the cooperation of industry with domestic and international researchers, universities of technology and scientific establishments. The Ultratech company132 cooperates mainly with technical universities. Favorable example is provided by the cooperation of scientists from the city of Łódź under the program: Innovative Economy Operational Program (PO IG)133 target 1.4–4.1.: Development and implementation of the innovative manufacture of the scroll compressor applied in advanced medical technologies in the construction of the artificial heart. This is an innovation of the highest rank in the world. A subsequent example of cooperation of industry with science is provided by the Zakłady Lotnicze Margański&Mysłowski works in the field of light gliders. At present, design work is under way to construct a 4-seater passenger plane under the program: Innovative Economy Operational Program (PO IG) financed from the EU funds. One way to obtain professional knowledge and skills is to enter cooperation with the establishments that have technological infrastructure, knowledge, staff and competence. The Institute of Aviation and Rzeszow University of Technology (Chair of aircraft and engines, Chair of technological processing) have also cooperated with the company as well as The State Motorization Cluster, University of Bielsko-Biala, the Częstochowa University of Technology and the Lublin University of Technology. The development activity in the WSK PZL Rzeszów works is also supported by cooperation and contacts with academic centers in Poland and abroad. Cooperation with the Rzeszów University of Technology within the PO IG framework program i.e. Advanced embodied technologies applied in aviation industry allowed the Rzeszów naukawpolsce.pap.pl/palio/html.run?_Instance=cms_naukapl.pap.pl&_PageID=1&s=szablon. depesza&dz=lewaszpalta.naukadlagospodarki&dep=382225&data=&lang=PL&_checkSum =-655737452. 129 See: Goodrich Krosno, http://goodrichkrosno.podkarpacie.com/, http://www.goodrich.com/ Goodrich 130 See also: E. Puchała-Krzywina paper in this Report. 131 See also: K. Kasner: Equity gap as a barrier to implementation of innovative initiatives, in: Report on innovativeness of the Polish economy in 2010 [in Polish], T. Baczko (ed.), INE PAN, Warsaw 2011. 132 See: http://www.ultratech.pl/?1=1 133 See: http://www.mg.gov.pl/node/8724

Nela Grądzka, Kamil Kasner

Technological University to obtain 85 million zlotys. The cooperation was possible as a result of establishing the AORENET – Center for Advanced Technologies by the Rzeszów University of Technology in order to improve the cooperation of science and industry in resolving the real problems of the aviation sector. The cooperation of the aviation industry with science, the local environment and local authorities is well done in the region of Podkarpacie where school pupils and students are trained directly for the aviation sector. The impulse for cooperation was initiated by the Aviation Valley Association as fewer and fewer university and vocational study graduates were available for work in the aviation industry. Companies started to compete for employees, and this caused wage escalation. By the end of 2004 a poll was made among the Aviation Valley Member Companies to determine the requirements and directions of development in the aviation industry and the survey concluded that within the next 3 years companies will require 1000 numerical machine tool operators absent in the current market, hence the conclusion to start training. In order to proceed, the status of the vocation had to gain support and popularity and thus, recruitment started. In order to acquire 1000 operators it was necessary to reach 4000 young secondary schools graduates and convince their parents that the vocation offers good prospects. 2000 graduates have been recruited, to find 1000 willing to perform the vocation. Popularization of the vocation started by setting up educational projects for children and youth in different stages of their education. The Polytechnics for kids program was started, as was Super Cool Physics in secondary schools, and the Open Gates dates in junior colleges. Other means included factory excursions, training practice, stipends, grants, and job fairs in the university schools. All this was to serve in establishing a positive image of the numerical machine tool operator. In addition, the continuous education project for the advancement of teacher qualifications was set up and contacts with university and scientific staff were established. Authorities from the city of Rzeszow have also supported the activities of the Aviation Valley project. As a result of these incentives people’s mentality has changed, they have become more aware and a positive image of the aviation industry employer got through. The Aviation Valley approach to cooperation with schools, vocational schools and universities in order to train the personnel is unique on the European scale.134 Apart from cooperation between Polish enterprises operating in the aviation sector, there is also international cooperation between the universities, research establishments and different companies. The cooperation involves not only financial commitments but also sub-contracting and the supply of ready components. Ultratech is one such company providing supplies to the most important leading aviation works in the world. They are the only supplier of one element of the Boeing 737 landing gear. Ultratech had the opportunity to cooperate within the framework of a highly innovative European project 2006–2010 with the leading companies in the field of IT and aviation. Cooperation involved the manufacturing of a matrix for the Airbus 340 frames from magnesium, an extremely light metal used in the aviation and automotive industry. The cooperation brought experience, and, most of all, contacts indispensable for the further development of the company. Another example of financial cooperation with other countries is the cooperation with MTU – a company of global reach with locations throughout the world. The latest branch – the MTU Aero Engines Polska – was established in April 2009 on the Aviation Valley premises in Poland, in Rzeszów.135 Owing to the efforts undertaken by the Aviation Valley authorities into the development of the region, MTU has chosen Poland for 134 Podkarpackie (Subcarpathian) Voivodeship economy expands, “Fakty magazyn gospodarczy” 01.02.2010 [in Polish], http://www/pi.gov.pl/bin-debug/bios_d.xml 135 See: http://www.mtu.de/subsites/mtupolska_pl/home_pl/index.html

Sources of increased innovativeness of the aviation sector in Poland

the location of their works.136 After 12 months in business the works have employed and trained within the period of six months no fewer than 320 persons in Germany. Companies of the Association of Aviation Valley stress the importance of investing in human resources within the operational program of innovativeness. The process of innovating is a kind of change that requires management. It is based on building up awareness among the employees to try to understand the introduced innovation and not to reject it.137 Moreover, in order to lower the barriers facing innovators138, the companies recommend that public authorities simplify the procedure concerning co-financing, facilitate the submission of applications for co-financing, introduce some form of assistance for the applicants, provide support in preparing the EU projects and secure financial backing in the form of tax inducements. Companies, in order to be able to participate in international projects must have certain contacts, and many companies do not have them. Certain specialized entities might be of assistance. A clear development strategy should be created for Poland within the Innovative Strategy indicating what kinds of innovation are indispensable, have preference and are the most important from the Polish point of view. This is merely a point of view how to spend the EU assets in an adequate way. Companies stress above all the role of education. They call attention to the fact that children and school children should be taught about ways of acquiring knowledge, what the notion of an investment means, and to make people aware of what may be branded or patented. Poland experiences a certain deficiency of awareness that it is enough to improve a product or make it more efficient to have the right to get it patented as is for example the case with the United States. If good work is done the volume of patents in Poland will certainly increase. The problem should be carefully examined in view of the Polish presidency in the EU. One of the stipulations Poland wishes to accomplish is the cooperation of the university level establishments with business and the implementation of the Innovation Union initiative. This is one of the seven leading initiatives of the Strategy Europa 2020. The aviation industry in Poland, and in particular the Aviation Valley cluster is the driving force of the transfer of advanced technologies in the region and in the entire Polish aviation sector. It provides an excellent example of a revolutionized manner of cooperation between the private and the public sectors not only at home but also abroad.

136 Economic agents taken into consideration comprised: competence of the personnel, degree of development of the aviation industry, labor cost, unemployment, availability of know-how in aviation, however, human resources have turned out to be most important of all i.e. knowledge and the potential to build an innovative enterprise. 137 Companies grouped in the Aviation Valley Association have at their disposal considerable human resources potential. They employ hundreds of engineers, people with PH.D. honors and MBAs. The problem of developing the creative power of these people and their motivation is the biggest challenge in the development of innovative processes. The problem was discussed in the panel: Aviation Valley innovative cluster. How to apply best practices of the Aviation Valley to other fields of the economy? by the Head of the WSK PZL Rzeszów Marek Darecki within the 14th conference Project Management Innovations 2010. Papers were presented by: Janusz Zakęcki from the Polskie Zakłady Lotnicze Sp. z o.o. – PZL Mielec; Jan Sawicki from the Goodrich Krosno, MTU Aero Engines Polska; Marek Bujny from the Ultratech, Józef Brzeczek from the Zakłady Lotnicze Margański&Mysłowski Sp. z o.o.; Daniel Slowik from the WSK PZL Rzeszów, Ryszard Lęgiewicz from the Hispano Suiza Polska. See video recording: http://www.dolinalotnicza.pl/en/12/12/art66.html 138 See also: E. Puchała-Krzywina paper in this Report.

Krzysztof Krystowski

Krzysztof Krystowski Avio Polska Sp. z o.o.

The aviation industry in Poland and its innovative activity The present day structure of the Polish aviation industry is the result of the transformation of the state enterprises that began at the turn of 1980s and 1990s, and of international groups’ direct investments in privatized firms or in green fields. The leading regions (including their academic potential) are: Subcarpathian, Mazovia and Silesia. This is reflected in the organization of the Polish aviation industry based up till now on two industrial clusters. The first one, the so-called Aviation Valley (Dolina Lotnicza), larger in size and established at some earlier date is composed of companies concentrated mainly in the south-eastern part of Poland. At present, over eighty companies belong to the Cluster.139 The second initiative organizing the aviation industry in Poland is the Silesian Aviation Cluster (Śląski Klaster Lotniczy). At present the organization comprises twenty six members140 with headquarters in the town of Bielsko-Biała. The core of the organization are small and medium private enterprises established upon insolvency of the Bielskie Zakłady Szybowcowe (Glider Works). It is, nevertheless, worth noting that both clusters also comprise affiliated companies and research institutes located in Warsaw, Kalisz or Wrocław and Jelenia Góra. And the last cluster established – the Wielkopolski Aviation Cluster [Wielkopolski Klaster Lotniczy] indicates that the aviation industry in also present and developing in the Wielkopolski voivodship. At present, almost all major international groups specializing in the manufacturing of aircraft and aviation components are present in Poland, although the scope of participation varies. At the same time establishment and development of small and medium Polish aviation enterprises141 is observed, dealing mainly in small aircraft manufacturing, repairs, and deliveries, quite frequently now, of supplies for big industrial partners. Aviation Valley is the biggest Polish aviation cluster operating mainly in south ‑eastern Poland, especially in the region of Podkarpackie.142 The biggest company of the Aviation Valley and at the same time the biggest Polish aviation enterprise is WSK PZL-Rzeszów S.A. In 2008 the company employed 4000 people. Since 2002 WSK PZL Rzeszów has belonged to the American aviation and defense group United Technologies, and namely its branch Pratt&Whitney dealing in aircraft engines manufacturing. They are one of the three largest aircraft engines manufacturers in the world. Takeover of the majority WSK Rzeszów shares as the result of privatization was the first investment decision of the United Technologies group in Poland. PZL Mielec S.A. is another company belonging simultaneously to the UTC group and the Aviation Valley Cluster. The company was established, similarly to WSK PZL Rzeszów, before the Second World War, and specialized for many years in the aircraft manufacturing. In 2007 PZL Mielec was privatized and taken over by another company belonging to the UTC group – the Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation, one of three 139 For

Aviation Valley see: www.dolinalotnicza.pl Silesian Aviation Cluster see: www.aerosilesia.eu 141 Some companies are family business entities. More about innovativeness of the family business companies see: A. Chaberski, Analysis of innovativeness of Polish family businesses, in: Report on innovativeness of the Polish economy in 2009 [in Polish], T. Baczko (ed.), INE PAN, Warsaw 2010, p. 204, and the paper in the Report, including the PARP survey. 142 See: www.dolinalotnicza.pl 140 For

The aviation industry in Poland and its innovative activity

leading helicopter manufacturers in the world. At present the company apart from the hitherto manufactured products such as the M28 Bryza (or its export version Sky Truck), a small transport aircraft, and the Dromader agricultural aircraft started the manufacturing of S70i Black Hawk military helicopter. The company employs 1.6 thousand people. The Pratt&Whitney Kalisz Sp. z o.o. also belongs to the UTC group in Poland. The investment project started as a joint-venture with the WSK Kalisz and now it is a 100 percent UTC group company. The plant manufactures aircraft engines with 97 per cent for export within the UTC Group. The buyer is Pratt&Whitney Canada. The Kalisz works employ 1.5 thousand people.143 The last company of the UTC group investing in Poland is Hamilton Sundstrand, established in 2009. In 2010 the investment project started with the construction of a plant and R&D center in Rzeszów on the WSK Rzeszów premises. The company intends to employ 300 employees, and the value of the investment will reach 100 million zlotys. On 30 December, 2010, a purchase agreement was signed between Hamilton Sundstrans and Agencja Rozwoju Przemysłu S.A. to buy the PZL Hydral S.A. enterprise located in Wrocław. At present the company specializes in the manufacturing of components and sub-systems for aircraft engines (mostly fuel systems). PZL Hydral employ 500 people. The position of the UTC group in Poland is very strong and their revenue and employment figures reach 30% share of the market. Another important enterprise operating in the Aviation Valley is WSK PZL Świdnik S.A. They are the second largest aviation company in Poland employing 3.5 people144 (WSK Rzeszów being the largest) WSK Świdnik was established close to the city of Lublin just after the Second World War. They manufacture helicopters. Initially like many other Polish aviation companies their products were based on the Soviet licenses, and gradually Świdnik started manufacturing their own models like a Sokół helicopter or SW-4 helicopter. In 1990-ties the company initiated cooperation with the Italian-English helicopter group Agusta-Westland who are among the three leading manufacturers of helicopters in the world. Agusta Westland is part of the Italian aviation and defense group Finmeccanica quoted on the Milan stock exchange and one of the largest global industrial complexes in this field. The purchase of the enterprise from Agencja Rozwoju Przemysłu S.A. took place in January 2010, and is a another step in privatization and growing globalization of the Polish aviation industry. Another important international aviation group to decide and invest in the Aviation Valley is the German MTU group with seat in Munich. The Polish branch of the company – MTU Aero Engines Poland Sp. z o.o. is located in the city of Reszów, and started their activity in April 2009. The firm specializes in the manufacturing of low pressure turbine blades for many aircraft engines. Moreover, MTU concentrate their activity in Rzeszów in the field of assembly of modules for civil power sets applied in the aviation industry. Another field of activity concentrates on repairs of some power units elements. MTU have also situated their Polish R&D center in Rzeszów. They mostly concentrate on designing non-chilled low pressure turbine blades profiles for aero engines, jaws for machining and testing engine components and working out software for the controlling and diagnostic units in the aero engines.145 At present the company employs 200 people, and their aim is to employ in the future 200 more. The anticipated value of MTU investment is 50 million euro.146 143 See:

http://www.pwk.com.pl/ and http://www.pwk.com.pl/en/ Deluga, W. Szajnert, S. Świętoniowski: Report on the aviation market in Polamd, “PMR Research”, 14 December, 2009, p. 11, www.paiz.gov.pl/files/?id_plik=12129 145 MTU website: www.mtu.de/subsites/mtupolska_pl/mtupolska/ezesow/index.html, http:// www.mtu.de/en/index/html 146 PAIZ information. 144 T.

Krzysztof Krystowski

Another international business entity in the Polish aviation industry located in the Aviation Valley is the Hispano Suiza Polska Sp. z o.o. member of the SAFRAN French global group and operating in the line of aviation and defense industry. Their plant is located in Sedziszów Małopolski. At present they have 350 employees,147 manufacturing toothed wheels for gear cases and since 2008 structural components for aviation turboventilator engines such as CFM 56, GP7200 or GEnX. Hispano Suiza company are one of the initiators of the creation of the Podkarpacki Aviation Cluster, the Aviation Valley. Besides Hispano Suiza and WSK Rzeszów the third founder of the cluster and at the same time one of the biggest enterprises in the Aviation Valley is the company Goodrich Krosno Sp. z o.o. The company employs 400 people and specializes in manufacturing elements for landing gear in aircraft cooperating with the most important aircraft manufacturers in the world, such as Boeing, Airbus, Bombardier or Lockheed Martin. The second location in Poland, where aviation industry is concentrated, is the Silesian Aviation Cluster (Śląski Klaster Lotniczy). The cluster was set up by companies and R&D establishments operating in the Silesian voivodship, and soon after they were joined by members from the Lower Silesia voivodship, the Wielkopolski voivodship and the Mazovia voivodship. The cluster comprises at present of 26 members, and they have in total over 3 thousand employees. The most important enterprise in the Silesian Aviation Cluster is Avio Polska Sp. z o.o. with their headquarters in Bielsko-Biała. They employ over 400 people. The company manufactures blades for aero engine turbines both for civil and army use. They have their own R&D center where 100 engineers are employed. Their products go in 100% for export, yet in the Avio Group they also deal with aero engines repairs for Polish customers such as Eurolot (PLL Lot Group), the Air Force and the Navy. One of the founders of the Silesian Aviation Cluster are the Zakłady Lotnicze Margański&Mysłowski Sp. z o.o. (Zakłady Lotnicze Margański&Mysłowski Sp. z o.o.) with headquarters in the town of Bielsko-Biała. They manufacture a small turbopropeller engine plane named “Orka” that is entirely their invention. At present the plane is being introduced into the market. The company employs approx. 50 employees. Another important industrial member of the Silesian Aviation Cluster are the WSK Kalisz S.A.148 The company is controlled by Agencja Rozwoju Przemysłu S.A. They currently employ 700 people. They specialize in the production and repairs of aero piston engines and components for aero gear cases. They are at present supplying several aviation manufacturers, including: Pratt&Whitney, Goodrich and Avio. Another firm from outside of the cluster zone is the Military Aircraft Works No. 4 in Warsaw. This State‑owned company specializes in overhaul of aero engines for the Polish Air Force. Until recently they dealt mostly with Soviet engines, yet changes in the Air Force military hardware demand that new specialization is required in the field of repairs of the aero engines of the so called West European style. Since 2010 the works have introduced in their business activity the manufacturing activity in the field of plasma padding of turbine blades in the aero engines within the Avio Group delivery chain. WZL4 S.A. employ over 400 people. Another large aviation company is EADS PZL Warszawa-Okęcie S.A., located in Warsaw. They are the oldest Polish manufacturer in the field of aviation. The company was established in 1928. At present they manufacture turboprop training aircraft for the Polish Air Force named “Orlik” and perform different service works mainly in the field of overhaul. The company has joined the EADS group in 2001 – 147 Hispano-Suiza

Polska website: www.hispano-suiza.pl Kalisz S.A. works are one of the companies establishing the Wielkopolski Klaster Lotniczy comprising now 18 entities. See: J. Janik: From tradition to innovative cooperation. Aviation clusters in Poland, in: Report on innovativeness of the Polish economy in 2009 [in Polish], T. Baczko (ed.), INE PAN, Warsaw 2010, p. 210. 148 WSK

The aviation industry in Poland and its innovative activity

and is at present in the Airbus Military part of the group. In 2010 the company had approx. 500 employees.149 An important member of the aviation industry in Poland is the Wojskowe Zakłady Lotnicze (WZL). They specialize in aircraft fleet repairs for the Polish Armed Forces (and in particular for the Air Force). The company underwent transformation not so long ago from a state enterprise into a single member company of the State, and in what concerns the WZL3 Dęblin, they are now part of WZL1 with the headquarters in Łódź. Thus, the WZL comprise the following entities: 1. WZL1 S.A. with headquarters in Łódź and branch in Dęblin – the company specializes in repairs and maintenance of helicopters for the Polish Armed Forces, the number of employees – 330 persons.150 2. WZL2 S.A. in Bydgoszcz – specialize in repairs and maintenance of the Polish Air Forces aircraft. The employment figure is: 700 persons.151 3. WZL4 specialize in air engine repairs for the Polish Air Forces. They employ approx. 400 people.152    st In the first decade of the 21 century the aviation industry in Poland was growing till 2008. The industry’s revenues reached 0.7 billion euro in 2009.153 Total employment exceeded 22 thousand people. It is worth noticing that in the period 2003–2009 both sales and employment increased. Sales increased four times and employment over twofold.154

149 EADS

PZL Warszawa-Okęcie S.A. website http:// www.pzl.eads.net of the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Poland. 151 Information of the Ministry of Defense. 152 Based on information provided by WZL4 S.A. in Warsaw. 153 T. Deluga, W. Szajnert, S. Świętoniowski, op. cit., p. 17. 154 Data referring to the aviation industry and the sector of aviation require further processing and development, and hopefully the present Report will be of assistance in reaching this goal. 150 Information

Ewa Puchała-Krzywina

Ewa Puchała-Krzywina Institute of Economics, Polish Academy of Sciences

Barriers to innovative activities of the aviation sector enterprises in the years 2006–2009 Innovative activity of the companies may be hindered because of barriers affecting the decision to drop the investment project or discontinue its implementation. The perception of such barriers depends on the size of the company, its legal and organizational form, specific character of the company (as for example family business company155) the region156 financial standing, R&D expenditures in the field of intellectual property, types of innovations157 and also the economic sector.158 It is quite a challenge to attempt to interpret these barriers as many of them affect the aviation sector as well. The aviation industry is becoming more and more important both for the development of the entire Polish economy and for the specific regions. Research carried out by INE PAN in the innovative enterprises of the aviation sector159 indicate that entrepreneurs face many barriers160 hindering satisfactory performance of innovative targets just started or in the stage of planning. These barriers include economic factors, and those connected with the knowledge and the marketing.161 Research for years 2006–2009 indicate that the aviation sector companies under scrutiny held different opinions as to the understanding of the different factors influencing their innovative activity. We may, nevertheless, point out certain trends and types of behavior typical for the innovative companies of the sector of aviation. 155 See:

A. Chaberski: Analysis of innovativeness of Polish family businesses, in: Report on innovativeness of the Polish economy in 2009 [in Polish], T. Baczko (ed.), INE PAN, Warsaw 2010, pp. 204–211 and the paper in this Report. 156 See: M.K. Wyrwicka: Economic networks as expressions of a region’s innovativeness. Barriers in their creation in the case of Wielkopolskie (Greater Poland) Voivodeship, in: Report on innovativeness of the Polish economy in 2010 [in Polish], T. Baczko (ed.), INE PAN, Warsaw 2011, pp. 234–238. 157 Oslo manual. Guidelines for collecting and interpreting innovation data, OECD Eurostat, 3rd ed. 2006 MNiSW DSiRN – Polish edition Warsaw 2008, pp. 117–118, http://www.nauka.gov.pl/fileadmin/user_upload/43/46/43464/20081117_Oslo.pdf 158 See: E. Szymańska: Innovativeness of travel agencies in Poland, in: Report on innovativeness of the Polish economy in 2010 [in Polish], T. Baczko (ed.), INE PAN, Warsaw 2011, pp. 254–257, and J. Janik: Innovativeness of the Polish aviation industry in 2006–2008, in: Report on innovativeness of the Polish economy in 2009 [in Polish], ed. cit., pp. 197–203. 159 Study of barriers hindering innovative activity in the aviation sector companies is a complex matter. The present analysis may provide a starting point for further studys taking into consideration combined operations of the sector of aviation. The study is of quantitative character and included 3 companies for the year 2009, 6 – for 2008, 2 for 2007, 3 for 2004–2006, who have sent their questionnaires to INE PAN for the publication of: List of 500 most innovative enterprises in Poland [in Polish]. The work may signal certain trends occuring in the period under analysis in a group of aviation sector companies against the background of barriers facing the innovative companies in Poland. 160 The poll used the methodology of studying the innovative activity of the enterprises applied by GUS on basis of the international questionnaire developed by EU and OECD experts (The Harmonized Survey Questionnaire) applied within the framework of the international study program Community Innovation Survey (CIS) coordinated by Eurostat aimed at assessment of scope and character of the innovative activity in enterprises in different sectors of economy of the EU and EFTA countries. 161 There are many factors affecting the innovative activity that have not been included in the analysis in the present paper, such as: high unqualified costs to be incurred when attempting to secure an European project, inadequate innovation potential or institutional barriers.

Barriers to innovative activities of the aviation sector enterprises in the years 2006–2009

In 2009 the market barriers (see fig. 10) had a serious impact on the innovative activity of the aviation sector companies, and they were stronger in this sector then in the other branches of the innovative companies in Poland.162 The companies of the aviation sector under study indicated that the market is controlled by some dominant enterprises. Study of 2006–2009 indicated that the innovative companies in Poland were more afraid of the unreliable demand then the controlling position of some enterprises. In the innovative group of the aviation sector companies we may quote companies that fear the control of the market by some large enterprises more than they fear the unreliable demand. Figure 10 Barriers to innovative activity of the aviation sector companies in years 2006*–2009 2006 2007 2008

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The most serious barriers in 2009: difficulties to find cooperation partners, market captured by the domineering enterprises, lack of external financing, cost of innovations too high. Degree of impact: 1 – high (important); 2 – medium, 3 – low; 4 – of no importance. * Relates to the period 2004–2006 in compliance with the GUS statistical forms: PNT-02 and PNT-02/u. For years 2007, 2008, 2009 the above specified forms did not contain information concerning barriers for introducing innovations. Source: Own work on basis of data dispatched to INE PAN concerning: Lista najbardziej innowacyjnych przedsiębiorstw w Polsce w 2006; 2007; 2008 and 2009.

In 2009 companies of the studied sector found their utmost difficulty was to find cooperation partners at home and abroad. This factor influenced the aviation sector companies and their search for innovativeness more than is the case with the studied innovative enterprises in Poland. In 2009 the aviation sector companies under study also stressed the impact of barriers connected with the external sources of financing. Exorbitant cost of innovations and R&D163 development was also an important barrier. Lack of own resources was not such an important issue as was the case with other innovative enterprises in Poland under study. Financial barriers constituted in years 2006–2009 the largest problem both in the aviation sector companies and in the innovative companies in Poland under study. In 2008 in the innovative group of the aviation sector enter162 For wider approach see: E. Puchała-Krzywina: Barriers to innovative activities of enterprises in the years 2007–2009, in: Report on innovativeness of the Polish economy in 2010 [in Polish], ed. cit., pp. 163–171. 163 Information referring to high cost of R&D works was added to the INE PAN studys in 2009.

Ewa Puchała-Krzywina

prises we could observe the effects of the financial crisis connected with external financing. In 2009, in comparison with the previous year it seems the situation in the studied group of innovative aviation sector enterprises gradually improved. In the period 2007–2009 some barriers have become more stringent for the aviation sector innovative companies. The barriers concerned difficulties in finding partners for cooperation, unreliable demand, and also no demand for innovations and innovative activity. Growth of the sense of obstacle in the form of product demand may indicate that the aviation sector companies under study have began to perceive the importance of building up advantage in competition based on user-driven innovation164 and the limited contact with the consumers of the products manufactured by international groups with whom they cooperate. The aviation sector companies under study did not report in the years 2006– –2009 the importance of a barrier connected with lack of information regarding technologies and the markets. These factors were the least important in the performance of the innovative activity of the studied companies. The extend of the barrier remained basically on the same level throughout the period under study. These factors were relatively weaker in the aviation sector enterprises under analysis in comparison with all the innovative companies in Poland. The aviation sector companies under study (as any other innovative enterprise in Poland under analysis) have not experienced in the years 2007–2009 special problems connected with the unavailability of the qualified personnel. In the years 2004– –2006 this barrier was stronger in the innovative companies of the aviation sector.165 The study carried out allows to identify differences in the behavior of the companies and their change. An enterprise specialized in the manufacturing of aero engines has indicated some other barriers. In 2006 the company stressed difficulties with manufacturing of aviation components (semi-products) commissioned to external manufacturers (domestic and foreign). In 2009 the company has probably overcome these barriers. However, new problems emerged i.e. absorption of the UE funds. The company has appealed to expand the option of submitting applications and to simplify the procedure of receiving the co-financing. Other aviation sector companies under study have also formulated some definite institutional stipulations. In their opinion public institutions should introduce some form of assistance for the applicants, such as simplification of the procedure in submitting the motions in order to diminish barrier in reaching the inventiveness. Importance of financial relief in the form of tax incentive was also an issue.    In spite of several instruments encouraging the innovativeness currently in operation companies all the time struggle with barriers affecting their performance. Activities aimed at stimulating the innovative processes should be adjusted to the situation and the specific character of the company and also the market conditions in the environment in which they operate. The aviation sector companies participating in the poll found it difficult to find partners for joint investment projects. The barrier was growing in importance. This 164 Also see: N. Grądzka, User-driven innovation in Poland in 2007–2009, in: Report on innovativeness of the Polish economy in 2010 [in Polish], ed. cit., p. 182–186, also: W. Burzyński, User- ‑driven innovation (UDI). Elements of theory and practice; W. Pander, User‑Driven Innovation, N. Grądzka: User-driven innovation in 2006–2008. Survey data analysis; A. Żołnierski, User-driven innovation in SMEs. Analysis of selected Polish case studies, in: Report on innovativeness of the Polish economy in 2009 [in Polish], ed. cit., p. 178–188; N. Grądzka, User-driven innovation in 2005–2007, in: Report on innovativeness of the Polish economy in 2008 [in Polish], T. Baczko (ed.), INE PAN, Warsaw 2009, pp. 190–193. 165 On shortage of some specialists see: N. Grądzka, K. Kasner paper in this Report.

Barriers to innovative activities of the aviation sector enterprises in the years 2006–2009

may result from increase of demand for international cooperation activities with the absence of intermediary establishments providing assistance. At the same time some of the innovative companies of the aviation sector were afraid of the superiority of well established enterprises with a well developed network of domestic and international connections. The problems experienced by the aviation sector companies under study in establishing contacts and finding cooperation partners encourage subsequent cooperation and coordination activities. It undoubtedly constitutes a challenge. For a company to operate in the international market some facilities must be provided regarding the transfer of knowledge between the entrepreneurs and the world of science and in what regards relations between the companies and the R&D establishments, also those constituting an integral part of the international groups. Domestic and foreign companies and also academic entities have a role to play here. Pro-innovation policy should work towards replacement of the existing institutional framework not adjusted to the transformation under way and facilitate the procedure of external financing for all the enterprises, including small and medium enterprises with special attention to family businesses. Measures should also be adopted to use more effectively and stimulate the intellectual capital and provide education at all the levels, including expansion of knowledge regarding standards and transformations in innovations, and increase of awareness both in entrepreneurs and employees of the issue of the intellectual property. The issue of the innovative policy requires simultaneous cooperation of different participants – the state establishments, the academic circles, the private sector, and an assortment of adequate tools adjusted to the market requirements.

Krzysztof Krystowski

Krzysztof Krystowski Avio Polska Sp. z o.o.

Research and development activity of the Polish aviation industry – international co-operation It is difficult to pinpoint the exact scale of expenditures on research and development of products and technologies in the Polish aviation industry. The R&D activity is concentrated in selected industrial R&D centers and engineering offices. In this respect the aviation industry differs positively from the other sectors of Polish economy. Actually, ther are no aviation manufacturers in Poland which would not have their own R&D center or engineering office. Cooperation of the aviation industry with some academic entities such as universities of technology and the R&D centers and institutes of the Polish Academy of Sciences is a distinctive feature. The Polish Aviation Industry Technological Platform is at present developing a subsequent second strategic research agenda aimed at designating directions of research for the sector in order to improve its competitiveness and the closer cooperation of science and technology. The undisputed leader in the field of R&D in the Polish aviation industry is the Institute of Aviation (Instytut Lotnictwa in Warsaw) with their Engineering Design Center (EDC). This center was established in 2000, and is situated in Warsaw on basis of cooperation of GE Aviation and The Institute of Aviation. They employ at present 1200 people and cooperate with three branches of the General Electric group: Aviation, Oil&Gas, and Energy.166 In what concerns the development of aviation technology the center concentrates mainly on the issue of design and analysis of the aero engine elements. They specialize in the field of low pressure turbines and combustors, but also materials, thermal analysis and several other fields. Estimated annual expenditures on research reach 15 to 20 million euro.167 This makes EDC the largest R&D industrial entity in the Polish aviation industry. The extended R&D activity within the framework of one company is also performed by the Zakład Badawczo Rozwojowy WSK Świdnik. The company has spent in 2008 approx. 8% of their revenues on investments in research and development reaching 10 million euro. i.e. the sum of over 37 million zlotys168 and reached the leading position in what regards intensity of investment into R&D among the Polish aviation industry manufacturers. The WSK Świdnik have always been highly estimated in the innovation rating grid of the Polish economy. The company has obtained position 3 as far as the innovative activity in Poland169 is concerned. The R&D center of PZL-Świdnik S.A. employed approx. 300 people. Engineering centre of the Avio Polska, located in Bielsko Biała, also merits attention. The Center like the entire company shows a steady line of development even against the background of the increasing development of the aviation industry, increasing the Center’s employment from a dozen or so employees in 2002 to over 85 in 2011. In 2008 they developed an innovative project on the international scale i.e. 166 See:

www.edcpolska.pl exchange rate as at 15.07.2011 was 4.0343 – ed. 168 Report on innovativeness of the Polish economy in 2009 [in Polish], T. Baczko (ed.), INE PAN, Warsaw 2010. For 2009 no data is available for R&D outlays relating to costs. Data referring to terminated developmental projects in the balance sheet are available (in compliance with MSR38). 169 Report on Innovativeness of the Polish Economy in 2009, ed. cit. 167 Euro

Research and development activity of the Polish aviation industry – international co-operation

a unit of nozzle blades for low pressure turbine of the GEnX-2B engine which to this day is the most advanced aircraft engine of the world propelling the most advanced Boeing 747 model, i.e. the 8 Jumbo Jet. The Avio Polska works are now in the process of implementing this module into the series production at the costs of 25 million euro. The planned revenues of the Avio Polska regarding the sale of the product may reach as much as over 25 million euro annually. Another instance of involvement in the R&D activity on the side of the Avio Polska is bringing into existence a group comprising of the Warsaw University of Technology, the Armed Forces University of Technology with the participation of Military Aircraft Works No. 4. The group has set up a private research entity named: Flow Turbine Aerodynamics Laboratory (Laboratorium Badań Aerodynamiki Przepływów Turbinowych Polonia Aero). The purpose of this initiative is to establish a laboratory for research on technologies and prototypes of aircraft engines turbines. It is expected that the result of the incentive will be a research infrastructure characterized in their field of activity by the parameters exceeding any other laboratory of this type in the world allowing to carry out in Poland in cooperation with some Polish academic establishments research in the field of aerodynamics on the international, world level. The project as well as the engine GEnX-2B production line has received financial support from the EU funds. A very important research project with scientists and the industry working together is the Laboratory Testing Aviation Industry Materials (Laboratorium Badań Materiałów dla Przemysłu Lotniczego) of the city of Rzeszow University of Technology, established in 2007. R&D work in the field of highly advanced technologies is carried out by a staff of the university professionals associated in the AERONET “Aviation Valley” Center of Advanced Technologies and CAMAT – Center of Advanced Technologies and Materials, and the engineers and technicians from the “Dolina Lotnicza” industrial plants. One of the latest research initiatives carried out in cooperation with the aviation industry and the academic establishment is the Silesian Scientific and Technological Center of the Aviation Industry. The project is carried out within the Operational Program “Innovation Economy”. The total budget is 12.5 million euro, and the investment will be situated in Czechowice-Dziedzice, close to the Bielski Park of Technology, Aviation, Entrepreneurship and Innovation within the Silesian Aviation Cluster. The main filed of activity will be focused on research on application of composite materials, implementation of technologies and manufacturing prototypes of composite elements, and also testing endurance, resonance and fatigue of the composite elements. The lab is established in cooperation with WSK Świdnik as they carry out similar projects on their premises.    Innovation in the Polish aviation industry is distinctly visible when set against the background of the other branches of economy. Cooperation between enterprises and the scientific establishments is good and bears fruit in joint incentives in the field of science, technology and also owing to access to most advanced research infrastructure. It seems special promotion and attention should be bestowed on this area of business activity in Poland as it is not only competitive and advanced and sheds luster on some other branches but also becomes a more and more important player in the export of the hi-tech goods. An important issue for the aviation sector and the state administration decision makers is the present day structure of the aviation industry. As for the second decade of the 21st century the branch is illustrative of advanced ownership transformations leading to the situation where the majority of the important business establishments have become incorporated into international capital groups specializing in aviation and defense industry. It is worth mentioning that two from three most important helicopter manufacturers in the world have their manufacturing plants in Poland.

Krzysztof Krystowski

Poland also hosts industrial activities of the world’s largest producers of aerospace engines and their components (Pratt&Whitney, General Electric, Avio, MTU, Hispano Suiza-Safran Group). This part of the aviation market is in addition represented by some local Polish enterprises such as WSK Kalisz works, but also some companies doing engine repairs (for example: WZL4 S.A. in Warsaw). Attention should also go to small and medium aviation sector enterprises specializing in manufacturing of small aircraft and repairs (so called: General Aviation). As for today, the Polish aviation industry does not participate on a bigger scale in and does not own a final product in the field of passenger planes (the so called: Civil Aviation). These facts leave a hallmark on the entire Polish aviation industry profile of activity, their line of research and the course of technology transfer. It seems that at present the development of a new model of cooperation between the enterprises and their institutional environment, their scientific and technological setting, constitutes a paramount challenge for the Polish aviation industry.

The Institute of Aviation in the jubilee year

Witold Wiśniowski Institute of Aviation

The Institute of Aviation in the jubilee year The Institute of Aviation is the oldest research establishments in Europe, officially registered in 1926 although its roots go back to 1918. For eighty five years of its activity the scientists and engineers employed in the Institute of Aviation contributed remarkably to the development of the Polish economy and defense. Before the Second World War all the Polish aircraft were constructed or tested in the Institute of Aviation in Warsaw. In 2010 the Institute of Aviation was granted prolongation of its highest A category, conferred on research institutes. At present over 1500 engineers, scientists and researchers are employed by the Institute with nine hundred of them no more than 30 years old. Four new laboratories have been set up during the last 12 months, with one laboratory dealing with the pressure tests for equipment recovering crude oil and gas being second largest in the world. The main fields of the Institute’s activity are the space technologies, aero and missile engines. Materials technology, aerodynamics, composite technologies, design and test of aircraft constructions, near-field noise, and research in the field of recovery of crude oil and gas. The Institute of Aviation is a member of the domestic and international research organizations. As from 2005 the Institute has become a partner in an AERONET – Aviation valley project. It is a group comprising of several well positioned research units. In April 2008 the Institute of Aviation has been admitted to the Association of the EREA Research Institutes whose aim is to consolidate, coordinate and undertake joint incentives. On June 7, 2010, an international organization International Forum for Aviation Research (IFAR) was called into being in Germany, in Luebbenau. The Institute of Aviation representing Poland, played an important role in its establishment, becoming one of its founders. The Institute of Aviation organizes international conferences, symposiums, and is a moderator in the global research incentives. The strategy of the Institute of Aviation is to provide service in the international market research. The world market means the highest competitiveness of the research services offered leading to the development of new technologies. Polish membership in the EU opened enormous possibilities of cooperation in the field of applied research and development work. The Institute cooperates on a big scale with universities, research institutes, research centers and industrial labs in Europe, the United States, Asia, Australia and Africa. The Institute closely cooperates with the aviation industry world leaders such as: General Electric, Boeing, Airbus, Pratt&Whitney, Sikorsky, Rolls-Royce. The Institute comprises of four research centers:

The New Technologies Center (NTC) is one of the four research centers of the Institute of Aviation. Their area of activity is R&D service for the Polish and foreign enterprises aimed at improving competitiveness of their products. The scope of work performed by NTC includes: aerodynamics, design and testing work regarding aircraft landing gear, testing piston engines, thrust breaking tests, flows testing, measurement of aircraft noise, rocket propulsion and space technologies, biomedical engineering as well as design of composite and metallic aircraft structures and of technological instrumentation. The research work performed in NTC is carried out in the laboratories furnished with the most advanced research and measurement equipment in Poland. In the Space Technologies department work is carried out on new space propulsion, racket structures and new ecological fuel. In 2008 the Adaptronic department was

Witold Wiśniowski

founded to carry out research in the field of biomedical engineering instrumental in computer aided head surgery. Research work is also carried out in the Applied Aerodynamics Laboratory and their five aerodynamic tunnels. In the aerodynamic tunnels of the Institute of Aviation almost all Polish aircraft and helicopters are tested.

Materials and Structures Research Centre is a research division concentrated on implementation of most advanced technologies in the field of strength research of materials and aero engines sub-units and some other structures working in the conditions of high mechanical loading in a wide range of temperature. The center was founded in 2004 as a result of a longstanding experience of the Institute of Aviation. The Center comprises of three laboratories: Structural Tests Laboratory, Non-Destructive Tests and Materials Properties Laboratory, Materials Test Laboratory and the Fatigue Analysis Department. A significant number of certified tests places the MSRC center in a leading position in Poland. Net Institute is the most recent department in the Institute of Aviation, established in 2007. The most important aspect of the NI activity resulting from its mission is to set up network structures and carry out R&D programs with their assistance, research service and implementation of innovative technologies. The scope of assignments includes commercialization of the outcome of research, promotions and advertising activity in the aviation sector, setting up systems of know-how management. Monitoring conditions and requirements of the aviation sector regarding its human resources, and building up an image of a dynamic partner in the world’s aviation sector for the Institute of Aviation, organization of conferences and seminars both at home and abroad. Engineering Design Center was founded in April 2000 under a memorandum of agreement between the aircraft engines department of General Electric (GE Aircraft Engines) and the Institute of Aviation. EDC is one of several global GE establishments cooperating with such GE entities as: GE Aviation, GE Oil&Gas or GE Rail. The Engineering Design centre has been developing vigorously right from its beginning. Engineers employed in EDC concentrate on design and improvements of parts of aircraft engines, turbine ship propulsions, high power gas turbines, steam turbines. Moreover EDC carry out design work, analysis and provide technical support for machinery and equipment used in oil and chemical industry. Library. The Library of the Institute of Aviation was founded in April 1926 and ranks as the topmost aviation library in Poland, considering its subject-matter, assortment of the collection and the volume. The library contains 80,000 volumes, and together with the Polish and foreign periodicals gathered for many years it is one of the best supplied libraries providing for R&D establishments in Poland. The core of the unique collection consists of: aviation, helicopters, aerodynamics, mechanics, strength of materials, mathematics. The library subscribes to some 70 Polish and foreign periodicals, and contains over 5,500 microfilms of scientific papers and publications.

Scientific Publications. The Scientific Publications Division of the Institute of Aviation publishes regularly papers and books of the leading Polish and foreign scientists, engineers – specialists in the field of aviation, employees of the Institute of Aviation as well as some authors employed in some other establishments and organizations connected with aviation. Distinguished Polish scientists from the leading universities and scientific organizations review every book, paper or information to be published so as to ensure the highest quality of every publication. The Publishing Division has four groups of publications: Scientific Library of the Institute of Aviation, Transactions of the Institute of Aviation; Journal of Polish-American Science and Technology, and the Institute of Aviations Publisher’s History Series.

The Institute of Aviation in the jubilee year

An advanced model of promotion and marketing is implemented aimed at creating communities interested in the subject of aviation and the Institute of Aviation. www.ilot.edu.pl www.facebook.com/instituteofaviation www, youtube.com/ilottv www.myspace/instituteofaviation http://pl.wikipedia.org.wiki/Instytut_Lotnictwa ILOT.tv RSS channels

Artur Chaberski

Artur Chaberski Institute of Economics, Polish Academy of Sciences

Innovative family businesses in the aviation sector In the south eastern part of Poland several companies involved in the aviation industry are located, and an association of aviation industry entrepreneurs was founded there, namely the Aviation Valley (Dolina Lotnicza). The association comprises a large number of aviation industry companies, pilots training centers, R&D entities and some advanced educational and training facilities.170 The history of aviation in the voivodship of Podkarpackie is connected with the implementation of the project of the Central Industrial Region, one of the great Polish economic incentives in the period between the two World Wars, initiated by Eugeniusz Kwiatkowski, a Deputy Prime Minister, Minister of Treasury, Industry & Trade. In the years 1937–1938 two very big aviation factories were established. One in Rzeszów, another in Mielec. WSK Rzeszów171 concentrated right from the beginning on the manufacturing of engines while Mielec has been known for decades as the manufacturer of aircraft. In Krosno gliders were manufactured, and in Świdnik, helicopters. After the fall down of communism and of the Council for Mutual Economic Aid the enterprises faced new assignments requiring some adjustments to the market economy. The firms survived the crisis. In 2011 they have American and Italian-British owners. Tens of co-operating businesses and manufacturers in the same branch spread out, including innovative family businesses. The Association of Entrepreneurs of the Aviation Industry Dolina Lotnicza was established in 2003. It was a joint initiative of several aviation entrepreneurs from the region of Podkarpacie and the Rzeszów University of Technology.172 In 2011 the aviation cluster assembles over 80 companies with members deriving from the Polish universities of technology such as: the Warsaw University of Technology, the Łódź University of Technology, the Silesian University of Technology and the Lublin University of Technology. The area of the Aviation Valley embraces apart from the region of Podkarpacie some other locations as well, such as: the Świdnik factory, manufacturing helicopters, and several companies manufacturing ultra light aircraft (gliders, air-taxis) in the region of Bielsko-Biała. At the beginning there were 9 thousand people employed in the Aviation Valley, and the value of export was 270 million USD. At present there are over 20 thousand qualified people employed in the Aviation Valley with the sales going mainly for export.173 Cooperation of the aviation industry companies concentrated in the Aviation Valley Association may provide a model to be followed.174 Every 3 month the manufacturers organize meetings in the Rzeszów University of Technology with the representatives of the scientific centers with whom they cooperate.175 The entrepreneurs present their technological problems, and the representatives of the technological universities discuss how to solve them and how to find assets required for the 170 http://www.funduszestrukturalne.gov.pl/NR/rdonlyres/86F295DC-2C0A-4A1C-BAD25E7312 2D9C3D/45027/RozwojstrukturklastrowychwPolsceWschodniejRAPORT.pdf 171 See: www.wskrz.com 172 See: http://www.dolinalotnicza.pl/en/9/9 173 See: http://www.dbc.wroc.pl/Content/4325/calosc+_PN+20.pdf 174 See: http://www.podkarpackanauka.pl/pl/aktualnosci/11, konferencja_naukowa_28.03.2011. html 175 See: http://www.nauka.gov.pl/fileadmin/user_upload/28/95/28958/20070629_Marek_ Darecki_Dolina_Lotnicza_Przemysl_i_nauka.pdf

Innovative family businesses in the aviation sector

research. Strategic lines of development are set out as the result of these meetings, such as: to increase the number of companies as a result of foreign investments coming from the international corporations and to incorporate into the association small family business entrepreneurs; develop design centers, engineering offices and laboratories. The Valley should be not only the manufacturer but also the designer of aircraft, helicopters, aircraft engines. When comparing the data regarding the innovative aviation industry companies, gathered by the MSN Research Network, with the data coming from the companies, members of the Association,176 we may find a considerable participation of innovative family businesses. We find some family businesses recognized in the aviation industry operating in the high-tech branch such as Ultratech, the only in the world contractor of machining for over 40 different parts for Boeing 737.177 The Zakłady Lotnicze Margański&Mysłowski Sp. z o.o. are one of the very few Polish manufacturers and constructors of gliders, executive aircraft and jet training aircraft. Some of the family business concentrated in the Aviation Valley is involved in cooperation for the large aviation industry enterprises, as sub-contractors of parts, sub-assemblies and tools.178 The enterprises represent the sector of Small and Medium Enterprises in the following branches of the aviation sector: manufacturing, trade, service, training and consulting.179 Some of them are: WIET-POL P.P.H.U., MAM-PUH, Metalton G. Olchawski Sp.j., Seger Ozga Mikuszewski Sp.j., Waldrex, Arkom, Borimex.180 Ultratech started their business in Rzeszów on 14 July, 2000. Apart from their headquarters in Rzeszów of 500 m2, the company also owns a manufacturing plant in Sędziszów Małopolski with the area of 2900 m2 and the polishing department for turbine blades in Przeworsk area 200 m2. In 2011 the works employed the staff of 80 people, including 15 engineers and 52 technicians. Professional staff and highly qualified employees allow the works to accomplish most challenging manufacturing and research tasks and also to cooperate with the best aviation works in the world. The company manufactures parts and components for the leading aviation and power plants. The history of the company is connected with the establishment of a family business in the field of aviation industry, now recognized throughout the world. The professional career of the founder of the company Marek Bujny is connected with his employment in the WSK PZL-Rzeszów181 in 1990s in the position of the head of one of the departments. Marek made up his mind to start his own business on behalf of some aviation companies. Together with his brother-in-law and two friends from the WSK PZL-Rzeszów works they founded Ultratech. At the beginning, most of the work was performed by the team on their own, doing calculations, servicing the machinery, manufacturing the parts, and even sweeping and cleaning. The fixed assets comprised of two machines in the form of the leased machine tool, and the measuring machine. In 2011 the company increased their property to seven advanced machine tools with numerical control. 176 Research

on Innovativeness for the years 2007–2009 carried out by the MSN Scientific Network and the Institute of Economics of the Polish Academy of Sciences allowed for the first time identification of the family business entrepreneurship, see also: http://www.dolinalotnicza.pl/ en/9/9 177 See: http://www.ultratech.pl/ 178 See: http://www.pi.gov.pl/klastry/chapter_95460.asp oraz http://www.dolinalotnicza.pl/ en/12/12/page4.html 179 See: http://www.ementor.edu.pl/artykul/index/numer/28/id/608 oraz http://www.parp.gov.pl/ files/74/81/194/1472.pdf 180 See: http://www.pi.gov.pl/parp/chapter_86197.asp?soid=89E65F80860B496897A562733 DBECF15 oraz http://klasterict.pl/dane/Wspieranie%20rozwoju%20klastrow%20w%20Polsce%20 i%20za%20granica.pdf 181 See: www.wskrz.com

Artur Chaberski

The family business kind of enterprise is maintained up till now. When new people are employed the management has preference for family members or relatives of the employees as confidence in relation to the works employees and absence of anonymity are most important. Right from the beginning the company was developing owing to contacts, good performance and experience, Hence speedy increase in orders.182 Ultratech works started manufacturing Bombardier’s DASH 8 landing gear for Goodrich Krosno. Next, the company got orders for parts of the landing gear for the Boeing aircraft. The company was confident that the manufacturing of precision aircraft parts done meticulously is worth the effort. The achievement of the company on a global scale is the manufacturing of several different Boeing 737 parts. The elements after machining are transferred to Goodrich Krosno, part of the Goodrich works, one of the two largest manufacturers of aircraft landing gear and one of the best customers of the Rzeszów enterprise. Most of the products are export oriented, mainly for the American and the British market. The company is unable to compete with the mass production of the Chinese products because of the price. Nevertheless, the complicated and advanced manufacturing process of the highest global standard may secure the success of the company on the world market. The company is trying to find investment of this kind and last year they started a complicated manufacturing process for steam and gas turbine blades and aircraft engines. The number of employees is to increase to 300 persons.183 The Zakłady Lotnicze Margański&Mysłowski Sp. z o.o. are a repair and manufacturing company in the field of aviation equipment established in 1986 as the first private aviation company in Poland since the end of the 2nd World War184 They specialize in the repairs of gliders, ultra-light aircraft, reconstruction of old-timers, manufacturing of record seeking gliders, R&D regarding gliders, ultra-light gliders and training jet aircraft. The scope of the company’s activity includes R&D, manufacturing, construction of composites such as wind turbine blades or bodies for the carriers. At the initial stage the company performed maintenance and repairs of wood gliders. Gradually, with more experience and manufacturing capacity and appreciation from the clients the scope of activity has been broadened for maintenance and repairs of moto-gliders and composite gliders. The company steadily widened their sills and experience performing very complicated repairs of salvage composite gliders. Cooperation with the Museum of Aviation in Krakow185 regarding reconstruction of four old-timers Po-2,186 RWD-13187 is an interesting aspect of the company’s activity. A subsequent order concerned the reconstruction of the Grunau-Baby glider for a Swedish customer.188 Repairs and overhauls allowed to create a base for their own undertakings in the field of design and structure of the aircraft. The SWIFT contract allowed the company to start in 1990 their first design project in spite of its very narrow time limit and the low budget. The SWIFT189 model success resulted in a subsequent order from the MDM Ltd to design a two seater aerobatic glider, the order being promptly completed.190 The 182 See:

http://lotniczapolska.pl/Ultratech,1273 http://mieleconline.pl/wiadomosci/news.php?id=155 184 See: http://www.marganski.com.pl/ 185 See: http://www.muzeumlotnictwa.pl/ 186 PO-2 Aircraft (known as: Kukuruźnik – utility aircraft used in agriculture (kukuruza – maize) nicknamed for Mikolaj Polikarpow – constructor of the aircraft in 1930-ties – ed. 187 RWD-13 was constructed in 1934 in the Experimental Aviation Works in Warszawa-Okęcie. Nicknemed for the first letters of the constructors surnames: Rogalski Stanisław, Wigura Stanisław and Drzewiecki Jerzy who in the first decade of 1930-ties developed sports aircrafts – ed. 188 See: http://www.samoloty.ow.pl/ 189 Single seater aerobatic glider of composite structure with mid-wing system. Its design as a successor of the SZD-21 Kobuz 3 aerobatic glider was developed by eng. Edward Margański in cooperation with eng. Jerzy Cisowski. The pre-prototype specimen was tested on 11 January, 1990, and the prototype of the serial version on 6 August, 1991. Manufacturing was undertaken by Zakłady Remontów i Produkcji Sprzętu Lotniczego Edward Margański in Bielsko Biała in cooperation with Swift Ltd. Over 30 machines have been manufactured. The Swift gliders are used by the Polish pilots (Jerzy Makula, for example) participating in the International Aerobatic Gliders Competition, often with success – ed. 190 See: http://www.marganski.com.pl/eng/html/A-POL/firma/HISTORIA.htm 183 See:

Innovative family businesses in the aviation sector

increased strength required of MDM-1 FOX aerobatic glider provided an opportunity to develop the construction. Upon modification of FOX an advanced moto-glider Małgosia was developed right from the beginning. Seeking a niche in the aviation market, the company became interested in the ultra light aircraft, and cooperation developed with a French company Aviasud. Within this cooperation in cooperation with some other works located in the town of Bielsko they manufactured 5 ultralight Albatros aircraft. Difficulties with sales and liquidation of Aviasud suspended the manufacturing. Parallel to the manufacturing activity in the field of aviation, the company participated in works on composite elements for automotive vehicles, the work being commissioned by the EUROS GmbH. The Zakłady Lotnicze Margański&Mysłowski Sp. z o.o. have been the chief manufacturer of the production tools technology and the first rotor blades (44 m diameter) from the glass fiber reinforced composite for the wind power plant with the output of 1000 kW. Since 1999 work has started on the prototype of a training jet aircraft ISKRA II with the 1300–1500 G engine thrust. Based on the present experience and the preliminary works previously completed in 2003 the work on EM-10 Bielik was completed. In 2001 work on new aviation structure, an executive craft EM-11 Orka, was started, with test flights in 2003. In 2002 the ENECO company commissioned a prototype of a rotor for a wind power plant with the output of 1.2MW, a most advanced structure taking advantage of the so called Magnus effect. Together with the Rothenseer Rotorblattertigung GmbH the Zakłady Lotnicze Margański&Mysłowski Sp. z o.o. manufacture carrier elements for the structure of blades for the wind mill plants. The composite boards for cast conveyors are manufactured for the Teksid Poland.191 The M&M works cooperate with a private entrepreneur to construct a prototype of a sea-borne yacht. In 2003 a team of constructors working with Edward Margański, M.Sc.Eng., developed an advanced system of pedestrian gangways and accesses for disabled persons executed in the GFRP technology (glass fabric reinforced plastics). The Wiet-Pol P.P.H.U.192 is a medium size company with headquarters in the town of Krosno, in the Podkarpacie region. It benefits from a sheltered workshop status and the quality certification system in compliance with: AS/EN 9100 & EN ISO 9001. The manufacturing output has a rising trend. The firm is the biggest supplier of aviation parts for Goodrich Krosno Sp. z o.o. The history of the firm is connected with its founder Jan Wietecha who has since 1979 run a fitter’s workshop in Tarnowiec nr/ Jasło. The scope of his production involved: manufacturing trestles for the aircraft engines, junctions used in power industry, and parts for pipes used in the mining industry. In 1987 Piotr Wietecha established the WIET-POL company, a kind of manufacturing, commercial and service enterprise. In 1996 the firm moved to another location with the area of 2600 m2 and increased the assortment of production. In 1997 the firm for the first time employed disabled persons. In 2003 a new manufacturing location was purchased in Krosno with premises of 3829 m2 in the neighbourhood of Goodrich Krosno and WSK Krosno. In 2004 the Goodrich Corporation granted Wiet-Pol the certificate of competence as a co-operation party complying with the AS/EN 9100 requirements and cooperation with the WSK PZL Rzeszów began regarding manufacturing of parts for the aviation engines for Pratt&Whitney, Canada. In 2005 the company headquarters moved from Tarnowiec to Krosno. In 2007 the company became a certified Goodrich supplier. In the years 2007–2009 the enterprise was awarded the Fair Play certificate. The majority of the Aviation Valley family businesses 193 operate in the field of high-tech. This fact may be supportive to the high degree of innovativeness. The 191 See:

http://www.teksid.com/default.htm http://www.wietpol.com.pl/ 193 See: Report on Innovativeness in the Subcarpathian Voivodship in 2007 [in Polish], T. Baczko (ed.), INE PAN, Warsaw 2008. 192 See:

Artur Chaberski

Aviation Valley fits well into the idea of the network economy with spatial network of links between economic entities, R&D establishments, universities and public administration establishments.194 The emergence of the network of links responds to the need to accumulate capital indispensable for implementation of the projects requiring first of all large financial outlays, and second, big risk financing. Cooperation in the network allows small and medium companies to undertake tasks they could not perform on their own. Innovativeness, as shown in the above examples, constitutes an opportunity for the Polish SMEs to start cooperation with some large enterprises within the framework of sub-contracting and cooperation. As a result transfer of technology and information takes place, with a chance for improvements in the performance of partners in specialized fields of activity. Transfer of knowledge takes place in companies linked by the cooperation network, sharing risk with cooperating companies, entering into contracts of assistance where science and business meet. Competing on competencies and technologies opens up new prospects for many Polish SMEs, among which family businesses predominate. Deepening cooperation with R&D entities fosters development, competitiveness, innovativeness, and – consequently – entry to international markets, as exemplified by cases presented above.

194 Resarch

on the problem is carried out within the framework of the Foresight project under Magdalena K. Wyrwicka of the Poznań Technical University; also see: M.K. Wyrwicka, Economic networks as expressions of a region’s innovativeness. Barriers in their creation in the case of Greater Poland Voivodeship, in: Report on innovativeness of the Polish economy in 2010 [in Polish], T. Baczko (ed.), INE PAN, Warsaw 2011.

Warszawa

EUROTECH Sp. z o.o.

Wytwórnia Sprzętu Komunikacyjnego PZL-Rzeszów S.A. Rzeszów Katowice

Zakłady Lotnicze Margański&Mysłowski Sp. z o.o.

VAC AERO KALISZ Sp. z o.o.

TUV NORD Polska Sp. z o.o.

Wytwórnia Sprzętu Komunikacyjnego PZL-Warszawa II S.A.

Goodrich Krosno Sp. z o.o.

Kreisler Polska Sp. z o.o.

GTL-LOT Usługi Lotniskowe Sp. z o.o.

Nafta-Gaz-Serwis S.A.

Polskie Zakłady Lotnicze MIELEC Sp. z o.o.

Mielec

Sanok

Ożarowice

Kraków

3030Z

0910Z

5223Z

3030Z

190 731

59 881

46 749

7 715

153 194

28 278

26 583

10 399

770 539

17 462

402 722

43.6

51.8

71.5

101.0

102.7

(39.6)

6.3

7.8

17.5

76.5

(80.9)

(14.5)

263

170

2 161

12 339

16 848

0.9

0.4

0.5

18.9

10.7

C N

B B

C B

Market innovation

2651Z

7022Z

2561Z

3030Z

4614Z

3030Z

(5.1) 11.6

Process innovation

Krosno

Kalisz

Mielec

Bielsko-Biała

Świdnik

Wytwórnia Sprzętu Komunikacyjnego PZL-Świdnik S.A.

65 149

157 954

Net sales 2009

3030Z

Source

3030Z

Research and development activity (R&D) 2009 thousand. PLN

R&D activity/ sales 2009

Kalisz

National patents

Bielsko-Biała

Sales growth 2009/2008

thousand. PLN

UE contracts

Wytwórnia Sprzętu Komunikacyjnego PZL-Kalisz S.A.

NACE code

Investment on innovation activity

Avio Polska Sp. z o.o.

Place

UE contracts

Company name

Foreign patents

S.N.

List of the Most Innovative Companies of the Aviation Sector in Poland in 2009

Port Lotniczy Gdańsk im. Lecha Wałęsy Sp. z o.o.

LOT UL Kraków Sp. z o.o. PL Kraków

TW Metals Polska Sp. z o.o.

Port Lotniczy Wrocław S.A.

LOT Services Sp. z o.o.

Port Lotniczy Radom S.A.

Radom

Warszawa

Wrocław 5223Z

5223Z

2016Z

2573Z

4690Z

Rzeszów

5223Z

Balice

5223Z

4690Z

3030Z

4690Z

Głogów Małopolski

Gdańsk

Poznań

Balice

Kennametal Polska Sp. z o.o.

Krosno

Kalisz

Międzynarodowy Port Lotniczy im. Jana Pawła II Kraków-Balice Sp. z o.o.

FK Pro Tech Sp. z o.o.

Pratt&Whitney Kalisz Sp. z o.o.

Warszawa

Mielec

SIEMENS Sp. z o.o.

3030Z

Zakład Narzędziowy ZELNAR Sp. z o.o.

Hispano-Suiza Polska Sp. z o.o.

2451Z

Rzeszów

5223Z

Sędziszów Małopolski

ZPTS PZL-Mielec Sp. z o.o.

Zakład Metalurgiczny WSK Rzeszów Sp. z o.o.

Gdańsk

5110Z

1 901

74 579

78 026

117 529

10 392

13 310

46 553

50 407

61 951

12 287

6 432

302 709

1 517 609

82 345

122 897

26 102

116 697

89.5

323.6

(25.5)

(9.9)

(9.2)

(6.9)

1.2

4.5

4.9

10.2

62.0

46.3

38.4

21.4

(34.6)

6.6

17.0

257

2 696

0.1

0.3

2.2

C C C C

C N B C

C B

N B

Market innovation

GDN Airport Services Sp. z o.o.

Wrocław

22.7

24.4

Process innovation

PANALPINA Polska Sp. z o.o.

37 197

21 698

Net sales 2009

5121Z

Source

5223Z

Research and development activity (R&D) 2009 thousand. PLN

R&D activity/ sales 2009

Lublin

National patents

Poznań

Sales growth 2009/2008

thousand. PLN

UE contracts

EXIN Sp. z o.o.

NACE code

Investment on innovation activity

POZ Airport Services Sp. z o.o.

Place

UE contracts

Company name

Foreign patents

S.N.

72 Report on Innovativeness of the Aviation Sector in Poland in 2010

Zakłady Mechaniczne RUFUS Sp. z o.o.

SEGER Ozga, Mikuszewski Sp.j.

A. HARTRODT (Polska) Sp. z o.o.

Czeskie Linie Lotnicze AS Oddział w Polsce

Zakład Artykułów Ściernych ARMES

EC Engineering Sp. z o.o.

Port Lotniczy BYDGOSZCZ S.A.

Górnośląskie Towarzystwo Lotnicze GTL S.A.

Fin Sp. z o.o.

Polskie Linie Lotnicze LOT S.A.

DTA Sp. z o.o.

MTU Aero Engines Polska Sp. z o.o.

E&K Sp. z o.o.

Wytwórnia Sprzętu Komunikacyjnego PZL-Krosno S.A.

White Eagle Aviation WEA S.A.

Remog Polska Sp. z o.o.

Wentworth Tech. Sp. z o.o.

Thoni Alutec Sp. z o.o.

MAPAL Narzędzia Precyzyjne Sp. z o.o.

EUROLOT S.A.

Lotnicze Zakłady Produkcyjno-Naprawcze AERO KROS Sp. z o.o.

Przedsiębiorstwo Państwowe Porty Lotnicze

HELISECO Sp. z o.o.

Krosno

Port Lotniczy Poznań-Ławica Sp. z o.o.

Świdnik

EADS PZL-Warszawa Okęcie S.A.

Szczecin

Wiśniowa

Nisko

Warszawa

Katowice

Warszawa

Kraków

Bydgoszcz

5121Z

4690Z

2391Z

5110Z

5223Z

5110Z

7219Z

5223Z

4614Z

5121Z

Kąty Wrocławskie Kolbuszowa

3030Z

5223Z

2229Z

5110Z

2561Z

2956A

2453Z

4662Z

5223Z

5110Z

3030Z

5121Z

5223Z

3030Z

5223Z

3030Z

Jasionka

Krosno

Lublin

Poniatowa

Warszawa

Dębica

Mielec

Stalowa Wola

Poznań

Warszawa

Poznań

Warszawa

Łódź

Port Lotniczy Łódź im. W. Reymonta Sp. z o.o.

Mielec

Wytwórnia Zespołów Kooperacyjnych Sp. z o.o.

6 292

40 876

13 567

15 648

2 724 061

79 855

40 572

7 239

7 043

25 625

19 315

45 002

10 033

248

50 722

1 636

15 424

8 495

182 059

19 323

614 489

126 350

6 016

25 875

48 574

75 614

10 642

(16.8)

(7.9)

(6.8)

(4.6)

(4.2)

(3.5)

(1.3)

1.3

52.9

54.3

(50.7)

(13.5)

(87.0)

(34.2)

(14.0)

(8.1)

(7.8)

(3.2)

2.3

4.8

6.4

9.9

20.9

31.4

39.3

553

0.6

223.1

C C

B C C

C C

N C

N N

C C

C N

List of the most innovative companies of the aviation sector in Poland in 2009 73

Port Lotniczy Kielce S.A.

Warsaw Airport Services Sp. z o.o.

DSV Air&Sea Sp. z o.o.

Port Lotniczy Lublin S.A.

Avia Solutions Group AB

Unison Engine Components Poland Sp. z o.o.

Norbert Polska Sp. z o.o.

Wojskowe Zakłady Lotnicze Nr 2 S.A.

Wojskowe Zakłady Lotnicze Nr 1 S.A.

ULTRATECH Sp. z o.o.

WALDREX S.C. Firma Projektowo-Usługowa

IWAMET Sp. z o.o.

PZL-HYDRAL S.A.

ARKOM Sp. z o.o.

METALTON G. Olchawski Sp.j.

Zakład Kuźnia Matrycowa Sp. z o.o.

5223Z

5110Z

Ożarów Maz., Ołtarzew Lublin

5223Z

2562Z

5110Z

3030Z

3316Z

7112Z

3030Z

2812Z

2453Z

4662Z

2550Z

2451Z

4690Z

4669Z

Warszawa

Kielce

Dzierżoniów

Wilno

Rzeszów

Łódź

Bydgoszcz

Mielec

Rzeszów

Wrocław

Stalowa Wola

Rzeszów

Stalowa Wola

Poniatowa

Mielec

Warszawa

Net sales 2009 750

53 651

64 139

57 614

233 575

30 035

11 870

17 394

5 087

84 316

3 932

19 537

144 244

9.6

10.4

20.8

22.3

28.9

123.5

220.0

(63.8)

(51.9)

(48.6)

(48.4)

(46.4)

(39.6)

(29.6)

National patents

Sandvik Polska Sp. z o.o.

Source 2

UE contracts

(28.6)

Research and development activity (R&D) 2009

R&D activity/ sales 2009

thousand. PLN

N N

C C C

N N

C C

N N

C C

N N

C C

N N

C C

Market innovation

12 838

Process innovation

Firma Techniczno-Handlowa ANKOL mgr inż. Czesław Kolisz

2433Z

Jonkowo k. Olsztyna

Sales growth 2009/2008

thousand. PLN

Investment on innovation activity

NACE code

Place

UE contracts

ERKO Sp.j.

Company name

Foreign patents

S.N.

74 Report on Innovativeness of the Aviation Sector in Poland in 2010

Rzeszów Sanok

M&M AIR CARGO Service Polska S.A.

ETC-PZL Aerospace Industries Sp. z o.o.

Hamilton Sundstrand Poland Sp. z o.o.

Przedsiębiorstwo Produkcyjno-Usługowo-Handlowe DO-MET Dominik Wyciszkiewicz

Technology Management Consultants – Poland

100

4690Z

2599Z

3030Z

2790Z

5229C

2562Z

4322Z

4669Z

7112Z

2830Z

6 451

25 562

8 368

104 059

3 173

93 542

33 605

68 584

6 355

17 106

9 013

3 044

1 813

(34.4)

(33.2)

(25.4)

(53.0)

(38.7)

(35.8)

(19.7)

(13.1)

(11.5)

(2.8)

(1.8)

5.1

N N

N C N

C N N

C N

N N

C C

C N

Source: 1 – data from companies sent in surveys of INE PAN, investment on R&D according to OECD and CSO, 2 – data from the financial report of companies according to NCR, investment on R&D according to MSR 38 standard.

Włosań

Warszawa

Mielec

Dębica

Rzeszów

Jasionka

EL-Automatyka

PRODREM Sp. z o.o.

BorgWarner Turbo Systems Poland Sp. z o.o.

2931Z

Creuzet Polska Sp. z o.o.

3030Z

Sędziszów Małopolski

3250Z

5121Z

3030Z

Mielec

M.A.M. Przeds. Prod. Usugowo-Handlowe

AERO AT Sp. z o.o.

Zaczernie

Warszawa

Royal Star Sp. z o.o.

B&M OPTIK Sp. z o.o.

CARGOFORTE Sp. z o.o.

Wrocław

3316Z

2932Z

Tomaszów Lubelski Warszawa

2841Z

Świdnik

Wojskowe Zakłady Lotnicze Nr 4 S.A.

WSK-Tomaszów Lubelski Sp. z o.o.

PZL-Wrocław Sp. z o.o.

Zakład Narzędziowy w Świdniku Sp. z o.o.

Goleniów

Port Lotniczy Szczecin-Goleniów im. NSZZ Solidarność Sp. z o.o.

2562Z

Aviomechanika Sp. z o.o.

81 5223Z

5223Z

Mielec Kozy k. Bielska-Białej

PZL Mielec Cargo Sp. z o.o.

List of the most innovative companies of the aviation sector in Poland in 2009 75

Raport o innowacyjności sektora lotniczego w Polsce

Alphabetical list of companies Company name AERO AT Sp. z o.o. A. HARTRODT (Polska) Sp. z o.o. ARKOM Sp. z o.o. Avia Solutions Group AB Avio Polska Sp. z o.o. Aviomechanika Sp. z o.o. B&M OPTIK Sp. z o.o. BorgWarner Turbo Systems Poland Sp. z o.o. CARGOFORTE Sp. z o.o. Creuzet Polska Sp. z o.o. Czeskie Linie Lotnicze AS Oddział w Polsce DSV Air&Sea Sp. z o.o. DTA Sp. z o.o. E&K Sp. z o.o. EADS PZL-Warszawa Okęcie S.A. EC Engineering Sp. z o.o. EL-Automatyka ERKO Sp.j. ETC-PZL Aerospace Industries Sp. z o.o. EUROLOT S.A. EUROTECH Sp. z o.o. EXIN Sp. z o.o. Fin Sp. z o.o. Firma Techniczno-Handlowa ANKOL mgr inż. Czesław Kolisz FK Pro Tech Sp. z o.o. GDN Airport Services Sp. z o.o. Goodrich Krosno Sp. z o.o. Górnośląskie Towarzystwo Lotnicze GTL S.A. GTL-LOT Usługi Lotniskowe Sp. z o.o. Hamilton Sundstrand Poland Sp. z o.o. HELISECO Sp. z o.o. Hispano-Suiza Polska Sp. z o.o. IWAMET Sp. z o.o. Kennametal Polska Sp. z o.o. Kreisler Polska Sp. z o.o. LOT Services Sp. z o.o. LOT UL Kraków Sp. z o.o. PL Kraków Lotnicze Zakłady Produkcyjno-Naprawcze AERO KROS Sp. z o.o. M&M AIR CARGO Service Polska S.A. M.A.M. Przedsiębiorstwo Produkcyjno-Usługowo-Handlowe MAPAL Narzędzia Precyzyjne Sp. z o.o. METALTON G. Olchawski Sp.j. Międzynarodowy Port Lotniczy im. Jana Pawła II Kraków-Balice Sp. z o.o. MTU Aero Engines Polska Sp. z o.o. Nafta-Gaz-Serwis S.A. Norbert Polska Sp. z o.o. PANALPINA Polska Sp. z o.o. Polskie Linie Lotnicze LOT S.A.

Place on the list 89 60 66 74 1 81 88 91 87 90 55 78 51 48 36 54 92 61 97 40 5 16 52 63 23 18 10 56 12 98 38 20 67 24 11 32 26 39 96 93 42 64 30 50 13 73 17 57

Alphabetical list of companies

Polskie Zakłady Lotnicze MIELEC Sp. z o.o. Port Lotniczy BYDGOSZCZ S.A. Port Lotniczy Gdańsk im. Lecha Wałęsy Sp. z o.o. Port Lotniczy Kielce S.A. Port Lotniczy Lublin S.A. Port Lotniczy Łódź im. W. Reymonta Sp. z o.o. Port Lotniczy Poznań-Ławica Sp. z o.o. Port Lotniczy Radom S.A. Port Lotniczy Szczecin-Goleniów im. NSZZ Solidarność Sp. z o.o. Port Lotniczy Wrocław S.A. POZ Airport Services Sp. z o.o. Pratt And Whitney Kalisz Sp. z o.o. PRODREM Sp. z o.o. Przedsiębiorstwo Państwowe Porty Lotnicze Przedsiębiorstwo Produkcyjno-Usługowo-Handlowe DO-MET Dominik Wyciszkiewicz PZL Mielec Cargo Sp. z o.o. PZL-HYDRAL S.A. PZL-Wrocław Sp. z o.o. Remog Polska Sp. z o.o. Royal Star Sp. z o.o. Sandvik Polska Sp. z o.o. SEGER Ozga, Mikuszewski Sp.j. SIEMENS Sp. z o.o. Technology Management Consultants - Poland Thoni Alutec Sp. z o.o. TUV NORD Polska Sp. z o.o. TW Metals Polska Sp. z o.o. ULTRATECH Sp. z o.o. Unison Engine Components Poland Sp. z o.o. VAC AERO KALISZ Sp. z o.o. WALDREX S.C. Firma Projektowo-Usługowa Warsaw Airport Services Sp. z o.o. Wentworth Tech. Sp. z o.o. White Eagle Aviation WEA S.A. Wojskowe Zakłady Lotnicze Nr 1 S.A. Wojskowe Zakłady Lotnicze Nr 2 S.A. Wojskowe Zakłady Lotnicze Nr 4 S.A. WSK-Tomaszów Lubelski Sp. z o.o. Wytwórnia Sprzętu Komunikacyjnego PZL-Kalisz S.A. Wytwórnia Sprzętu Komunikacyjnego PZL-Świdnik S.A. Wytwórnia Sprzętu Komunikacyjnego PZL-Rzeszów S.A. Wytwórnia Sprzętu Komunikacyjnego PZL-Warszawa II S.A. Wytwórnia Sprzętu Komunikacyjnego PZL-Krosno S.A. Wytwórnia Zespołów Kooperacyjnych Sp. z o.o. Zakład Artykułów Ściernych ARMES Zakład Kuźnia Matrycowa Sp. z o.o. Zakład Metalurgiczny WSK Rzeszów Sp. z o.o. Zakład Narzędziowy w Świdniku Sp. z o.o. Zakład Narzędziowy ZELNAR Sp. z o.o. Zakłady Lotnicze Margański&Mysłowski Sp. z o.o. Zakłady Mechaniczne RUFUS Sp. z o.o. ZPTS PZL-Mielec Sp. z o.o.

14 53 25 76 79 35 37 33 82 31 15 22 95 41 99 80 68 86 44 94 62 59 21 100 43 8 27 69 75 7 70 77 47 46 72 71 85 84 2 3 6 9 49 34 58 65 19 83 28 4 45 29

Report on innovativeness in the aviation sector in Poland in 2010

Explanation of codes for the surveyed group of subclasses of NACE based Polish Classification of Activities 20071 SN

Sector name

Subclasses NACE 2007

Research activity

7022Z – Other consultancy on business and management; 7219Z – Scientific research and development works on natural sciences and engineering;

Suppliers and subcontractors

0910Z 2229Z 2391Z 2433Z 2451Z 2453Z 2550Z 2561Z 2562Z 2573Z 2599Z 2790Z 2812Z 2830Z 2841Z 2932Z 2956A 3250Z 4322Z 4614Z

– – – – – – – – – – – –

7112Z –

Support activities for exploitation of oil and natural deposits; Manufacture of other plastic products; Manufacture of abrasive products; Manufacture of cold-formed products; Iron casting; Casting of light metals; Forging, pressing, stamping and roll forming of metals; powder metallurgy; Metal treatment and coating of metals; Machining of metal parts; Production of tools; Manufacture of other finished metal products not elsewhere classified; Production of other electrical equipment; Production of equipment and accessories for hydraulic and pneumatic drive; Manufacture of machinery for agriculture and forestry; Manufacture of metal forming machinery; Production of other parts and accessories for motor vehicles, except motorcycles; Manufacture of other special purpose machinery, excluding service activities; Production of devices, instruments and metal devices, including dental instruments; Installation of plumbing, heat, gas and air conditioning; Activity of agents involved in the sale of machinery, industrial equipment, ships and aircraft; Engineering activities and related technical consultancy; Manufacture of plastics in the basic versions; Metal machining; Manufacture of instruments and appliances for measuring, testing and navigation; Manufacture of electrical and electronic equipment for motor vehicles; Manufacture of aircraft, spacecraft and related machinery;

– – – – – – –

Production of aircraft, engines and aviation components

2016Z 2562Z 2651Z 2931Z 3030Z

Airports

5223Z – Support activities for air transportation;

Air transport

5110Z – Air transport of passengers; 5121Z – Air transport of goods; 5229C – Activities of other transport agencies;

Agents of ground service

5223Z – Support activities for air transportation;

Repair and maintenance of aircraft and spacecraft

3316Z – Repair and maintenance of aircraft and spacecraft;

Trade

4614Z – Activity of agents involved in the sale of machinery, industrial installations, ships and aircraft; 4662Z – Wholesale of machine tools; 4669Z – Wholesale of other machinery and equipment; 4690Z – Wholesale non-specialized;

1 See:

– – – – –

http://www.stat.gov.pl/klasyfikacje/pkd_07/pdf/2_PKD-2007-schemat_2.pdf

Glossary to the list of most innovative companies of the aviation sector in Poland in 2009

Glossary to the list of most innovative companies of the aviation sector in Poland in 2009 Company name – short name of the company allowing it to be identified. Place – company headquarters. Net revenues and equivalents – Polish CSO statistical form F-02 in 2009 Part II Section 2 line 01 or data from the MSN Scientific Network survey or from database of INE PAN. Sales growth – calculated as the relation of the change in sales revenues in 2009 over the previous year, and 2008 sales revenues, in percentages. Source – 1 – data from companies included in surveys of INE PAN, outlays on R&D according to OECD and GUS (Polish CSO – Central Statistical Office); 2 – data from the financial statements of companies according to KRS (National Court Registry), R&D expenditures according to IAS 38 standard. Research and development activity R&D – Statistical form PNT-02 for industry or PNT-02/u for services for 2009 [Section.3 line 02] or capitalized value of R&D expenses (according to Accounting Act or in the lack of data – data from MSN Scientific Network survey or from INE PAN database). R&D Activity/Sales – relation of R&D expenditures and sales revenues, in percentages (relevant items of the relevant documents). National patent – number of patents obtained, which were approved in 2009 (data of the Polish Patent Office) or data of MSN Scientific Network survey. EU contracts – number of signed contracts in 7 PR UE or PO IG in 2007–2009. Market innovation – when rating, the sales dynamics, export dynamics, employment dynamics and the quality rating of the most innovative product / service were taken into consideration. Export – value of export sales (Statistical form F-02 in 2009 Part. II Section 2 line 03) or data of the MSN Scientific Network survey. Change in export – this is a relation of change in export sales in 2009 over the previous year, and export sales in 2008, in percentages. Employment – number of employees (as of end of reporting period (Statistical form F-01/I-01 in 2009 Part I Section. 1 Supplementary data line 79) or from the INE PAN database. Change in employment – this is a relation of change in number of employees in 2009 over the previous year, and the number of employees in 2008, in percentages. If it was not possible to calculate the change in employment so defined, then the change for periods prior to the time series 2004-2009 was calculated. Explanation of letters in the market innovation column (maximum of 20 points); i.e. if 2 out of 3 rates were higher or equal to its median value in examined sample of companies – 15 points, if 1 out of 3 dynamics rates was higher or equal to its median value in examined population of companies – 10 points, if 2 or 3 dynamics rates were lower than its median value – 5 points. If there was a lack of data for all values – 0 points. Quality description of the most innovative product/service – from 1 to 5 points, and if there was a lack of product/service description – 0 points. Explanation of letter signs i.e. A – 16 and more, B – 11–15.99 points, C – 1–10.99 points, N – lack of data for all values. Process innovation – when assessing the following financial rates were taken into account i.e. ROA in 2009, ROA growth ratio, investment share of inputs in total investment activity. ROA (net return on assets)– this is a relation of the net (positive) financial result to total assets, as a percentage, [Statistical form F-02 in 2009 Part II (Section 2 item 65 less 66/Section 1 column 2 item 59)*100] or data from the MSN Scientific Network survey. ROA growth ratio – as a change relation of the ROA rate in 2009 to the previous year and the ROA rate in 2008, as a percentage. Investment share of inputs in total innovation activity – this is investment share of inputs in fixed assets in investment in total innovtion activity, as a percentage – Statistical form PNT-02 for industry or PNT-02/u for service for 2009 [Section 3 (l. 07/l. 01)*100] or data from the MSN Scientific Network survey.

Report on innovativeness in the aviation sector in Poland in 2010

Explanation of letters in the process innovation column (maximum of 20 points); i.e. if 2 out of 3 rates were higher or equal to its median value in examined population of companies – 15 points, if 1 out of 3 dynamics rates was higher or equal to its median value in examined population of companies – 10 points, if 2 or 3 rates in examined population of companies were lower than its median value – 5 points. If there was a lack of data for all values – 0 points. Quality description of the most innovative product/service – from 1 to 5 points, and if there was a lack of product/service description – 0 points. Explanation of letter signs i.e. A – 16 and more, B – 11–15.99 points, C – 1–10.99 points, N – lack of data for all values. Investment in innovation activity – when assessing the following financial rates were taken into account i.e. R&D activity, R&D activity/sales, R&D/total innovative activity. R&D Development/total innovative activity – R&D activity share in investment on total innvoative activity, as a percentage Statistical form PNT-02 for industry or PNT-02/u for service for 2009 [Section 3 (line02/line01)*100] or data form the MSN Scientific Network survey. Explanation of letters in the process innovation column (maximum of 20 points) i.e. if 2 out of 3 rates were higher or equal to its median value in examined population of companies – 15 points, if 1 out of 3 dynamics rates was higher or equal to its median value in examined population of companies – 10 points, if 2 or 3 rates in examined population of companies were lower than its median value – 5 points. If there was a lack of data for all values – 0 points. Quality description of the most innovative product/service – from 1 to 5 points, and if there was a lack of product/service description – 0 points. Explanation of letter signs i.e. A – 16 and more, B – 11–15.99 points, C – 1–10.99 points, N – lack of data for all values. Patents (maximum 20 points) i.e. national patents – in case of 1 patent, company receives 5 points, over 1 patent – 10 points, foreign patents (European or Amercian) – 15 points.In case the company had national patents and foreign patents as well, poins were allocated only for foreign patents. Quality rating of the most innovative product/ service from the side of patent applications- from 1 to 5 points, and in case of lack of the product/service description-0 points. Explanation of letter signs i.e. A – 16 and more, B – 11–15.99 points, C – 1–10.99 points, N – lack of data for all values. EU contracts (total points – maximum 20) – explanation of letter signs i.e. A – 15 and more points, B – 11–14.99 points, C – 1–10.99 points, N – lack of data for all values. Number of points for signed contracts in 7 PR UE or PO IG was i.e. 15 points for 4 contracts and more, 10 points for 2–3 contracts, 5 points for 1 contract, 0 points for the lack of contract. Number of points for contracts financed from the UE structural funds i.e. 5 points for 1 or more contracts, 0 points the lack of contract. Companies, which had the signed contracts in national or European programs, could receive maximum 20 points. In case of the lack of data from the MSN Scientific Network survey – that comes from statistical PNT forms or from the INE PAN database. If the companies received the same number of points, its order depended on outlays on R&D activity in 2009, then outlays on R&D activity in 2008, then in sequence on dynamics of sales income in 2009/2008. Developed by: Tadeusz Baczko, Ewa Puchała-Krzywina, Marek Szyl

Information on selected innovative companies of the aviation sector

Information on selected innovative companies of the aviation sector A. HARTRODT (Polska) Sp. z o.o. Assessment with 5A System: CCNNN Place on the List of aviation sector: 60 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.hartrodt.pl Established in: 2003 Company size: medium Address: 70–201 Szczecin, 14 Wyszyńskiego Str. Voivodship: Western Pomeranian

2007

2008

2009

Net financial income (profit/loss)

275

669

466

226

40.9

2006

27 112 49 812 49 157 40 876

49.2

2005

49.8

2004 Net sales revenues

27.1

Financial data (thousand PLN)

Type of business: air transport Description of business activity: A. HARTRODT (POLSKA) Sp. z o.o. company has been on the market since May 2003.It deals with sea and air forwarding. The company has its air forwarding offices in different places including Warsaw and Cracow as well as sea forwarding offices in Szczecin and Gdynia. Shareholders: A. HARTRODT (GMBH&CO) KG – 90.0%, Robert Marszałek – 10.0%

Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets Total assets Equity

6 559

8 556

7 467

9 022

296

1 115

1 290

1 546

06 07 08 09 Net sales data for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

Description of innovative activity: According to the 5A System, a company level of the market and process innovation is highly rated. The company assessment with 5A System is CCNNN.

AERO AT Sp. z o.o. AERO AT Ltd. Assessment with 5A System: CNNNN Place on the List of aviation sector: 89 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.at-3.com Established in: 1994 Company size: small Address: 39–300 Mielec, 2 COP-u Str. Voivodship: Subcarpathian

2005

2007

2008

2 100

6 382

7 425

Net financial income (profit/loss)

(200)

(586)

(383)

260

170

2009

Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets Total assets Equity

10 145 10 391 4 387

1 503

75.6

2004

70.2

2006

Net sales revenues

71.0

Financial data (thousand PLN)

Type of business: production of aircraft, engines and aviation components Description of business activity: AERO AT Sp. z o.o. deals with designing, certification and implementation into production of low cost training and tourist aircraft. The company has a full production line consisting of 15 assemble devices. It has been awarded certificates for production of aircraft parts and elements, including the EASA Type Certificate for the three blade carbon fiber Aeroelastic ELPROP propeller. Shareholders: CAPITAL PARTNERS S.A. – 34.83%, GEWA Sp. z o.o. – 26.67%, Others – 38.5

06 07 08 09 Net sales data for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

Description of innovative activity: According to the 5A System, a company level of the market innovation is highly rated. The company assessment with 5A System is CNNNN. Company status: member of the Aviation Valley

Report on Innovativeness of the Aviation Sector in Poland in 2010

ARKOM Sp. z o.o. Assessment with 5A System: CNNNC Place on the List of aviation sector: 66 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.arkom.net.pl Established in: 1990 Company size: small Address: 35–101 Rzeszów, 5 Żelazna Str. Voivodship: Subcarpathian

06 07 08 09 Net sales data for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

Financial data (thousand PLN)

5.1

9.9

10.1

Type of business: trading Description of business activity: Arkom Sp. z o.o. is a commercial company specializing in a selection and sale of pneumatic and power tools, machinery and measuring instruments for customers of different industries, including aviation industry. The latter is representing by PZL Mielec and WSK Rzeszów. Shareholders: Jerzy Ryszard Bober – 74.0%, Tamara Łucja Grzesik – 26.0% 2004

2005

Net sales revenues Net financial income (profit/loss)

2006

2007

2008

2009

10 105

9 930

9 895

5 087

(14)

Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets

Total assets

5 108

5 186

4 793

3 950

Equity

2 170

2 227

2 241

2 227

Description of innovative activity: According to the 5A System, company level of the market innovation is highly rated. The company has also a large capacity in acquisition financing of its innovative projects Company status: member of the Aviation Valley

Avia Solutions Group AB Assessment with 5A System: CNNNN Place on the List of aviation sector: 74 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.aviasg.com

Company size: large Address: 3201 Wilno, 10 Smolensko Str.

06 07 08 09 Net sales data for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

Financial data (thousand PLN)

18.8

104.5

233.6

Type of business: air transport Description of business activity: Avia Solutions Group AB is a group of companies operating on the international aviation market including aircraft rental, charter flights, training of pilots and cabin crew, MRO service i.e. aircraft maintenance and civil service examination as well as aircraft refueling. The company is listed on Basic Market of the Warsaw Stock Exchange. Shareholders: Ziemelis Geodiminas – 32.9%, Indeco: Investment and Development UAB – 21.93%, Harberin Enterprises Limited – 17.43%, Others – 27.74% 2004 Net sales revenues Net financial income (profit/loss)

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

18 756 104 499 233 575 956

(689)

4 619

1 319

2 235

Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets Total assets Equity

30 179 55 941 71 093 1 182

811

7 015

Description of innovative activity: According to the 5A System, a company level of the market innovation is highly rated. The company has also a large capacity in acquisition financing of its innovative projects. The company assessment with 5A System is CNNNN. Company status: company listed on Warsaw Stock Exchange

Information on selected innovative companies of the aviation sector

Avio Polska Sp. z o.o. Assessment with 5A System: ABACC Place on the List of aviation sector: 1 Place on the 500’2009 List: 20

www.aviopolska.pl Established in: 2001 Company size: large Address: 43–300 Bielsko-Biała, 141 Grażyńskiego Str. Voivodship: Silesian

2008

7 254

105

715

(986) 10 755

7 607 10 557

1 109

2 041

4 937 4 694

79.7

8 945

Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets

2009

158.0

2007

166.4

2006

60.1

Net financial income (profit/loss)

2005

40 008 60 052 79 705 105 605 166 444 157 954

105.6

2004 Net sales revenues

40.0

Financial data (thousand PLN)

Type of business: production of aircraft, engines and aviation components Description of business activity: Avio Polska Sp. z o.o. is a part of international industrial group AVIO – the leader in aviation industry. The company concentrates on production as well as on research and development activity within its own R&D Centre. The main products are rotor blades of low pressure turbines for engines of such worldwide known groups as General Electric i.e. GEnx-2B, GE90-115K, CFM56, T700 or that of Pratt&Whitney i.e. PW308. Shareholders: AVIO Holding S.p.A. – 100.0%

5 414

Total assets

46 373 64 638 72 783 111 437 141 989 146 469

Equity

17 586 24 840 23 854 34 609 42 216 52 773

06 07 08 09 Net sales data for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

Description of innovative activity: The Avio Polska company is now one of the most innovative companies in Poland. It regularly occupies a very high position on the List of the 500 most innovative companies in Poland created by the MSN Scientific Network. In the latest research edition the company has taken the twentieth position in the 500’2009 list. According to the 5A System, company level of the market innovation is the highest one, whereas the process innovation level is very high. Investment and innovative activity structure are both at highest level, including investments on research and development which value amounted to over 16.8 million zlotys in 2009. At a high level are assessed the company’s ability to patenting their solutions and gain the ability to acquire financing for innovative projects. The company assessment with 5A System is ABACC. Company status: innovative company, member of the Aviation Valley, investor in research and development

Aviomechanika Sp. z o.o. Assessment with 5A System: NCNNN Place on the List of aviation sector: 81 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.aviomechanika.pl Established in: 2005 Company size: small Address: 43–340 Kozy koło Bielska-Białej, 550A Wyzwolenia Str. Voivodship: Lower Poland

Net sales revenues

2005

2006

2007

2008 3 099

Net financial income (profit/loss)

2009 3 044

3.0

2004

3.1

Financial data (thousand PLN)

Type of business: production of aircraft, engines and aviation components Description of business activity: Aviomechanika provides businesses of the aviation industry with production of high quality of the aviation spare parts and elements. The company is trying to establish itself on the market as a manufacturer for the aviation industry and to participate in productive projects for aircraft manufacturers as a subcontractor. The company operates a quality management system compliant with the AS 9100 standard. Shareholders: ANGA Uszczelniacze Mechaniczne Sp. z o.o. – 53.81%, ANGA Serwis Sp. z o.o. – 37.92%, Others – 8.27%

193

Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets Total assets Equity

1 243

1 535

914

1 107

06 07 08 09 Net sales data for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

Description of innovative activity: According to the 5A System, the company level of process innovation is highly rated. The company assessment with 5A System is NCNNN. Company status: member of the Aviation Valley

Report on Innovativeness of the Aviation Sector in Poland in 2010

B&M OPTIK Sp. z o.o. Assessment with 5A System: NNNNB Place on the List of aviation sector: 88 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.bmo.pl Established in: 1997 Company size: small Address: 36–062 Zaczernie, 798 Zaczernie Voivodship: Subcarpathian

3.2

6.7

5.3

06 07 08 09 Net sales data for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

Financial data (thousand PLN)

3.9

4.4

Type of business: suppliers and subcontractors Description of business activity: B&M OPTIK Sp. z o.o. is a leading manufacturer of glass and lenses for the industry. The company has its own modern machinery. Since 2002 it has the ISO 9001 quality certificate and since 2005 is a member of the Aviation Valley. The main shareholder is German optical company B&M Optik GmbH. Shareholders: Sławomir Piotr Sołtys – 20.0%, Others – 80.0% 2004 Net sales revenues

2005 4 364

2006 3 853

Net financial income (profit/loss)

2007

2008

2009

5 317

6 748

3 173

918

1 140

(221)

Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets

Total assets

4 529

5 613

6 065

Equity

3 486

4 625

4 404

Description of innovative activity: According to the 5A System, the company has also a large ability in financing acquisition of its innovative projects from European funds. The company assessment with 5A System is NNNNB. Company status: member of the Aviation Valley

BorgWarner Turbo Systems Poland Sp. z o.o. Assessment with 5A System: NCNNN Place on the List of aviation sector: 91 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.borgwarner.com Established in: 2007 Company size: medium Address: 36–002 Jasionka, 950 Jasionka Voivodship: Subcarpathian

06 07 08 09 Net sales data for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

Financial data (thousand PLN)

104.1

Type of business: suppliers and subcontractors Description of business activity: BorgWarner Turbo Systems Poland Sp. z o.o. is a part of the global leader in production of turbo compressors and components of air supply and reduction of harmful substances in passenger and commercial vehicles. Shareholders: BorgWarner Turbo Systems Worldwide GMBH – 99.5%, BorgWarner Germany GMBH – 0.5% 2004 Net sales revenues Net financial income (profit/loss)

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009 104 059 9 521

Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets

136

Total assets

87 331

Equity

61 865

Description of innovative activity: According to the 5A System, a company level of the process innovation is highly rated. The company assessment with 5A System is NCNNN. Company status: member of the Aviation Valley

Information on selected innovative companies of the aviation sector

CARGOFORTE Sp. z o.o. Assessment with 5A System: CNNNC Place on the List of aviation sector: 87 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.cargoforte.pl Established in: 1994 Company size: large Address: 02–238 Warszawa, 17 Modularna Str. Voivodship: Mazovian

708

607

1 344

2 654 (6 023)

152.6

2009

304

Intangible assets Equity

2008

93.5

2 012

Capitalized value of R&D expenses Total assets

2007

152.3

2006

94.8

Net financial income (profit/loss)

2005

109 257 101 805 94 847 152 293 152 646 93 542

101.8

2004 Net sales revenues

109.3

Financial data (thousand PLN)

Type of business: air transport Description of business activity: CARGOFORTE Sp. z o.o. deals with air, sea and car forwarding.It is a part of the global corporation i.e. UTi Worldwide Company. The company additionally provides storage services, general cargo shipping and distribution of packages and paletts. Cargoforte employs currently about 230 employees in five units in Poland. It has a total storage space of 24 900 sq m and its own customs storages and warehouses. The company has implemented a quality management system according to the PN-EN ISO 9001 standards. Shareholders: UTI (NETHERLANDS) HOLDINGS B.V. (Ireland) – 100.0%

11 063

371

281

27 426 27 918 31 569 40 258 37 301 32 497 4 023

4 531

4 925

3 750

6 404

381

06 07 08 09 Net sales data for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

Description of innovative activity: according to the 5A methodolgy, the company level of market innovation and ability of financing acquisition of innovating projects from the European funds are highly rated. The company assessment with 5A System is CNNNC.

Creuzet Polska Sp. z o.o. Assessment with 5A System: CNNNN Place on the List of aviation sector: 90 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.creuzet.pl Established in: 2003 Company size: small Address: 39–120 Sędziszów Małopolski, 29 Partyzantów Str. Voivodship: Subcarpathian

Net financial income (profit/loss)

2006

2007

2008

11 068

7 875

8 527

730

(252)

284

11 068

7 875

8 527

7 234

6 981

7 265

2009 8.5

Net sales revenues

2005

7.9

2004

11.1

Financial data (thousand PLN)

Type of business: production of aircraft, engines and aviation components Description of business activity: Creuzet Polska Sp. z o.o. is a joint venture company of the French corporation Creuzet Aéronautique and Snecma Moteurs. Creuzet Aéronautique specialize in production of engine spare parts and Snecma Moteurs is one of the biggest manufacturers of aircraft and rocket engines. Creuzet Polska deals with production of spare parts for the aircraft industry, including processing and finishing of compressors blades for the aircraft engines. Shareholders: Creuzet Aeronautique S.A. – 70.0%, Snecma Moteurs – 30.0%

Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets Total assets Equity

06 07 08 09 Net sales data for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

Description of innovative activity: According to the 5A System, the company level of market innovation is highly rated. The company assessment with 5A System is CNNNN. Company status: member of the Aviation Valley

Report on Innovativeness of the Aviation Sector in Poland in 2010

Czeskie Linie Lotnicze AS Oddział w Polsce

Czech Airlines AS Branch in Poland

Assessment with 5A System: NBNNN Place on the List of aviation sector: 55 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.czechairlines.com Company size: small Address: 02–025 Warszawa, 1 Zawiszy Sq. Voivodship: Mazovian

40.6

42.1

06 07 08 09 Net sales data for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

Financial data (thousand PLN)

31.3

26.1

Type of business: air transport Description of business activity: The company Przedsiębiorstwo Czeskie Linie Lotnicze AS Oddział w Polsce is a part of the Czech carrier i.e. Česke Aerolinie (Czech Airlines Company). Apart from ordinary passenger flights, the company offers charter flights for travel offices, goods and cargo transport. Activities also include ground handling of passengers, technical maintenance, crew training, catering on board, duty-free sales at airports and during a flight. Shareholders: Foreign investors – 100.0% 2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

Net sales revenues

26 085 31 305 42 052 40 572

Net financial income (profit/loss)

24 210 29 532 39 471 38 751

Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets Total assets

24 698 29 613 39 719 38 873

Equity

21 647 29 532 39 471 38 751

Description of innovative activity: According to the 5A System, the company level of market innovation is very highly rated. The company assessment with 5A System is NBNNN.

DSV Air&Sea Sp. z o.o. Assessment with 5A System: CNNNN Place on the List of aviation sector: 78 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.dsv.com

Address: 05–850 Ożarów Mazowiecki, Ołtarzew, 2 Południowa Str. Voivodship: Mazovian

06 07 08 09 Net sales data for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

Financial data (thousand PLN)

53.7

48.6

4.8

65.5

Type of business: air transport Description of business activity: The company DSV Air&Sea is a part of the global DSV Group dealing with sea, air and road forwarding (DSV Road), as well as warehouse logistics (DSV Solutions). Forwarding services include cargo air freight, dangerous freight (DGR), courier service, container sea freight (FCL), groupage freight (LCL), oversized cargo and door-to-door deliveries. Forwarding services also include insurance and full customs service. Shareholders: DSV Air&Sea Holding AS – 100.0% 2004 Net sales revenues Net financial income (profit/loss)

2005 4 843 19

2006

2007

2008

2009

65 469 48 618 53 651 610

673

(930)

Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets Total assets Equity

2 320 738

11 726 20 793 16 527 1 347

1 723

121

Description of innovative activity: According to the 5A System, the company level of market innovation is very highly rated. The company assessment with 5A System is CNNNN.

Information on selected innovative companies of the aviation sector

DTA Sp. z o.o. Assessment with 5A System: BNNNN Place on the List of aviation sector: 51 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.dta.com.pl Established in: 1991 Company size: medium Address: 52–319 Kąty Wrocławskie, 29 Karmelkowa Str. Voivodship: Lower Silesian

2007

2008

2009

8 904 10 744 12 514 19 315 311

207 8.9

858

Capitalized value of R&D expenses

19.3

22 316

Net financial income (profit/loss)

2006

12.5

Net sales revenues

2005

10.7

2004

22.3

Financial data (thousand PLN)

Type of business: air transport Description of business activity: DTA company has developed from a small Wroclaw customs agency into a nationwide organization providing full logistic services. In cooperation with exporters and importers it provides full customs service, international road forwarding services, seaport and airport services, storage and distribution of goods. Shareholders: Anna Barbara Talar – 91.0%, Others – 9.0%

Intangible assets Total assets

4 781

4 910

4 387

Equity

2 350

2 316

2 227

06 07 08 09 Net sales data for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

Description of innovative activity: According to the 5A System, the company level of market innovation is very highly rated. The company assessment with 5A System is BNNNN.

E&K Sp. z o.o. Assessment with 5A System: NNBNN Place on the List of aviation sector: 48 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.eik.pl Established in: 1993 Company size: small Address: 20–080 Lublin, 5 Radziwiłłowska Str. Voivodship: Lublin

2006

2007

2008

2009

1 113

287

248

Net financial income (profit/loss)

390

(298)

(88)

Capitalized value of R&D expenses

553

Intangible assets

553

3 872

3 917

4 514

544

(21)

Total assets Equity

0.2

2005

0.3

2004 Net sales revenues

1.1

Financial data (thousand PLN)

Type of business: ground service agents Description of business activity: The company is one of the aviations brokers operating in the East European market. It offers a wide range of services in air transport. The company arranges cargo and passenger charter flights, rents and sells aircraft and spare parts. It offers services of machining and cutting and those of metalwork.

06 07 08 09 Net sales data for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

Description of innovative activity: According to the 5A System, the company’s investment on innovative activity is very highly rated. The company assessment with 5A System is NNBNN. Company status: innovative company, member of the Aviation Valley, investor in research and development

Report on Innovativeness of the Aviation Sector in Poland in 2010

EADS PZL-Warszawa Okęcie S.A. Assessment with 5A System: BNNNC Place on the List of aviation sector: 36 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.pzl.eads.net Established in: 1928 Company size: large Address: 00–971 Warszawa, 110 Krakowska Str. Voivodship: Mazovian

75.6

62.5

72.3

56.4

06 07 08 09 Net sales data for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

Financial data (thousand PLN)

72.3

70.6

Type of business: production of aircraft, engines and aviation components Description of business activity: The company EADS PZL is a part of worldwide aviation corporation EADS, the global investor in research and development. It is a manufacturer of aircraft (for example the Orlik plane is being manufactured now in the works) and of spare parts. The EADS PZL-Warszawa provides design services within its own Design Office, as well as repair services of its own constructions. Shareholders: EADS N.V. – 77.0%, Others – 23.0% 2004 Net sales revenues Net financial income (profit/loss)

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

70 596 72 293 56 442 72 291 62 528 75 614 7 461

1 239 (21 636)

(748) (14 694)

(650)

Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets

2 573

1 148

Total assets

101 053 91 528 149 975 144 242 136 920 133 357

Equity

(21 219) (19 980) 37 436 27 290 12 596 11 946

Description of innovative activity: According to the 5A System, the company level of market innovation is very highly rated. The ability of financing acquisition of innovative projects is highly rated. The company assessment with 5A System is BNNNC. Company status: innovative company

EC Engineering Sp. z o.o. Assessment with 5A System: CNNNC Place on the List of aviation sector: 54 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.ec-engineering.pl Established in: 2005 Company size: medium Address: 31–476 Kraków, 34 Lublańska Str. Voivodship: Lesser Poland

7.2

7.3

06 07 08 09 Net sales data for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

Financial data (thousand PLN)

5.9

4.2

Type of business: research activity Description of business activity: The company EC Engineering Sp. z o.o. is one of the best developing design office in Poland and holds the status of Research–Development Centre. Its specialty is designing of such vehicles as electric and diesel heavy locomotives, super fast trains, rail buses, subway trains and cars and electric traction units. The company also supplies design services for other industries, including motor, engineering and aviation industry. Shareholders: ENERGOCONTROL Sp. z o.o. – 75.0%, Ireneusz Łuczak – 25.0% 2004 Net sales revenues Net financial income (profit/loss)

2005

2006

2007

2008

4 217

5 939

7 335

252

401

431

2009 7 239

Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets

135

500

261

Total assets

975

2 862

2 401

Equity

429

964

1 595

Description of innovative activity: According to the 5A System, the company level of market innovation is very highly rated. The ability of financing acquisition of innovative project, which is highly rated. The company assessment with 5A System is CNNNC. Company status: innovative company, member of the Aviation Valley

Information on selected innovative companies of the aviation sector

EL-Automatyka Assessment with 5A System: CNNNN Place on the List of aviation sector: 92 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.el-automatyka.pl Established in: 1992 Company size: small Address: 35–109 Rzeszów, 3 Handlowa Str. Voivodship: Subcarpathian

Financial data (thousand PLN)

Type of business: suppliers and subcontractors Description of business activity: The main scope of activity of the company is production of machinery and special purpose equipment. The company also deals with production and design of control systems of water supply and pumping stations. Among the company’s customers are such companies as Goodrich Krosno, Snecma Polska, Delphi, Fedralal Mogul, Tamel. Since February 2004 El Automatyka has been a distributor of Electronics Inc. company within the range of such products as equipment to strengthen the surface as well as instruments and materials for measuring of the intensity (Almen Gages, Almen Strips). Shareholders: Antoni Kłusek, Wojciech Daraż – 100.0% 2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

Net sales revenues Net financial income (profit/loss) Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets Total assets Equity

Description of innovative activity: According to the 5A System, the company level of market innovation is very highly rated. The company assessment with 5A System is CNNNN. Company status: member of the Aviation Valley

ERKO Sp.j. Assessment with 5A System: CCNNN Place on the List of aviation sector: 61 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.erko.pl Established in: 1991 Company size: medium Address: 11–042 Jonkowo k. Olsztyna, 7 Ks. Jana Hanowskiego Str. Voivodship: Warmian-Mazurian

2008

2009 1 467

11.2

Total assets

15 448 18 291 18 438

Equity

11 873 13 942 11 935

Net financial income (profit/loss)

4 405

3 475

12.8

2007

18.0

2006

17.5

2005

10 329 11 207 13 890 17 484 17 972 12 838

13.9

2004 Net sales revenues

10.3

Financial data (thousand PLN)

Type of business: suppliers and subcontractors Description of business activity: The company’s main acivity is the production of electrical installation equipment, ends of cable connectors and tools for electrical works. The company has its own construction offices and machinery which allows the company to provide services at each stage of the value chain i.e. from designing, construction, production to sales and service. In 2007 the company ERKO started the cooperation with WSK PZL-Rzeszów S.A. in production of metal details for aircraft engines. That means that the company started the production of parts and equipment for the aviation sector. It is a good example of a successfully growing family business supported effectively by the family of the owner in managing of the company. Shareholders: Marcin Pętlak – 25.0%, Maciej Pętlak – 25.0%, Michał Pętlak – 25.0%, Piotr Pętlak – 25.0%

Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets 06 07 08 09 Net sales data for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

Description of innovative activity: According to the 5A System, the company level of market and process innovation is very highly rated. The company assessment with 5A System is CCNNN. Company status: member of the Aviation Valley

Report on Innovativeness of the Aviation Sector in Poland in 2010

ETC-PZL Aerospace Industries Sp. z o.o.

ETC-PZL Aerospace Industries Ltd.

Assessment with 5A System: NCNNN Place on the List of aviation sector: 97 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.ai.com.pl Established in: 1991 Address: 02–256 Warszawa, 110/114 Al. Krakowska Str. Voivodship: Mazovian

06 07 08 09 Net sales data for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

Financial data (thousand PLN)

6.5

6.9

9.8

Type of business: suppliers and subcontractors Description of business activity: ETC-PZL Aerospace Industries Sp. z o.o. is specialized in designing and construction of simulator of different types and training devices. Among them there are aircraft simulators (one simulator has been made for the MIG21bis fighter) and locomotives (a complex simulator of the EP09 locomotive for the Polish National Railways has been made). The company makes modernization and implementation of simulators and it works out and upgrades software of the devices. Shareholders: ENVIRONMENTAL TECTONICS CORPORATION (United States) – 95.0%, PZL-Okęcie – 5.0% 2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

Net sales revenues

6 887

9 828

6 451

Net financial income (profit/loss)

(461)

133

184

3 660

8 790

Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets Total assets

3 680

8 670 19 466

Equity

2 762

2 402

2 587

Description of innovative activity: According to the 5A System, the company level of process innovation is highly rated. The company assessment with 5A System is NCNNN.

EUROLOT S.A. Assessment with 5A System: BCNNN Place on the List of aviation sector: 40 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.eurolot.com.pl Established in: 1996 Company size: large Address: 39–300 Mielec, 39 17 Stycznia Str. Voivodship: Subcarpathian

126.3

123.5

120.4

126.1

06 07 08 09 Net sales data for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

Financial data (thousand PLN)

134.8

124.7

Type of business: air transport Description of business activity: Eurolot S.A. is an operator providing cheap transport services between the most important regional airports in Poland. The company also operates foreign airports providing transport for international connections for the Polish Airlines LOT. The carrier has its own fleet of short range turbo helicopters (about 27 thousand flights a year carrying nearly one million passengers) and also a fleet of medium range bigger machines of Embraer 175 type. Eurolot S.A. has its own Aviation Training Centre, which educates airline staff from Poland and Europe. The company also provides charter flights on domestic and international lines. Shareholders: Polish Airlines LOT S.A. – 100.0% 2004 Net sales revenues Net financial income (profit/loss)

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

124 739 134 842 126 053 120 351 123 517 126 350 5 000 14 243

4 823

3 917 (5 995)

1 419

Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets

482

772

730

Total assets

239 127 251 959 242 594 246 691 251 630 511 274

Equity

167 691 162 691 172 515 176 432 170 437 432 030

Description of innovative activity: According to the 5A System, the company level of market innovation is very highly rated and that of process innovation – highly rated. The company assessment with 5A System is BCNNN.

Information on selected innovative companies of the aviation sector

EUROTECH Sp. z o.o. Assessment with 5A System: CBCNC Place on the List of aviation sector: 5 Place on the 500’2009 List: 153

www.eurotech.com.pl Established in: 2001 Company size: small Address: 39–300 Mielec, 3 Wojska Polskiego Str. Voivodship: Subcarpathian

2007

2008

9 163 10 724

Net financial income (profit/loss)

943

953

Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets

2009

17.5

2006

9 896 17 462 585

672

165

Total assets

3 337

5 483 15 422

7 582

Equity

1 786

2 328

3 213

2 394

9.9

2005

10.7

2004 Net sales revenues

9.2

Financial data (thousand PLN)

Type of business: suppliers and subcontractors Description of business activity: EUROTECH Sp. z o.o. company provides technologically advanced equipment and spare pars for the industry. It designs and manufacturers speciaized equipment and systems, including unmanned aerial vehciles (UAV), digital control and registration systems, equipment and supplies for the oil mining. The company is based on the ground of special Economic Zone - Euro Park Mielec and is a member of the entrepreneurs society SGPPL Aviation Valley. The company is also an investor in research and development. In 2008 it took the 97th position in ranking of largest investors in research and development provided by MSN Scientific Network coordinated by INE PAN and in 2009 – it took the 468th position. Shareholders: Janusz Michalcewicz – 90.0%, Tomasz Cieśla – 10.0%

06 07 08 09 Net sales data for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

Description of innovative activity: According to the 5A System, the company level of market innovation is highly rated and that of process innovation – very highly rated. At a high level there are expenditures on innovative activity and the company’s ability of financing acquisition of innovative projects from the European funds. The company assessment with 5A System is CBCNC. Company status: innovative company, member of the Aviation Valley, investor in research and development.

EXIN Sp. z o.o. Assessment with 5A System: BBNNN Place on the List of aviation sector: 16 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.exin.pl Established in: 1991 Company size: medium Address: 20–111 Lublin, 18 Rynek Voivodship: Lublin

Net financial income (profit/loss)

2009

27 729 23 293 34 483 30 467 30 318 37 197 3 285

1 704

2 757

788

603

3 408

37.2

2008

30.3

2007

30.5

2006

34.5

Net sales revenues

2005

23.3

2004

27.7

Financial data (thousand PLN)

Type of business: air transport Description of business activity: The company EXIN Sp. z o.o. is an air carrier specializing in air transport (over 7.5 tons cargo a year), courier services for such companies as DHL, TNT, Swedish Mail) and special charter flights. The company is entitled to carriage of dangerous goods. Flexibility of activities and services are important company’s features. It participated in firefighting of burning forest in Portugal and in transport service for participants of the Granada-Dakar rally in Africa. EXIN provides lifting services and commercial spectator flights. It provides services on different types of aircraft and holds its own An26 aircraft fleet. Shareholders: Edward Kuraszewicz – 33.33%, Ewa Krasuska – 30.95%, Paweł Swatowski – 21.43%, Karolina Swatowska – 11.9%, Others – 2.38%

Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets Total assets

12 057 11 830 13 140 11 455 11 315 14 272

Equity

10 683

9 602 11 168 10 027 10 079 12 883

06 07 08 09 Net sales data for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

Description of innovative activity: According to the 5A System, the company level of market and process innovation is very highly rated. The company assessment with 5A System is BBNNN.

Report on Innovativeness of the Aviation Sector in Poland in 2010

FIN Sp. z o.o. Assessment with 5A System: BNNNN Place on the List of aviation sector: 52 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.finzoo.com.pl Established in: 2004 Company size: medium Address: 36–100 Kolbuszowa, 2a Handlowa Str. Voivodship: Subcarpathian

16.8

14.6

06 07 08 09 Net sales data for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

Financial data (thousand PLN)

16.4

13.6

25.6

Type of business: trading Description of business activity: The company FIN Sp. z o.o. is specialized in deliveries for the aircraft and military industries, exports and imports the goods which are difficult to obtain. It delivers materials and spare parts for domestic production and repair plants. Company closely cooperates in deliveries of spare parts, technologies and materials with foreign manufactures of the aviation and armour technology and with the overhaul plants. FIN Sp. z o.o. has all necessary licences and concessions for trading of special goods. Quality management system of trading and maintenance of products for the aviation industry is provided in accordance with the AS/EN 9120 and EN ISO 9001 standards. Shareholders: Kazimierz Fryc – 45.0%, Stanisław Janusz Nowak – 45.0%, Others – 10.0% 2004 Net sales revenues

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

13 569 16 365 14 595 16 761 25 625

Net financial income (profit/loss) Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets Total assets Equity

Description of innovative activity: According to the 5A System, the company level of market innovation is very highly rated. The company assessment with 5A System is BNNNN. Company status: member of the Aviation Valley

Firma Techniczno-Handlowa ANKOL mgr inż. Czesław Kolisz Assessment with 5A System: CCNNN Place on the List of aviation sector: 63 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.ankol.com.pl Established in: 1993 Company size: small Address: 39–300 Mielec, 33 Legionów Str. Voivodship: Subcarpathian

19.5

06 07 08 09 Net sales data for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

Financial data (thousand PLN)

22.3

21.2

32.3

Type of business: trading Description of business activity: The Basic activity of the ANKOL company is delivering of the aviation equipment, spare parts, repair services and exploitation materials for the civil and military aviation. The company is specialized in deliveries of equipment and repair services for civil aircraft (e.g. An-26, L-410), military aircraft (Su-22), civil and military helicopters (Mi-17), aviation engines (R-11, AŁ21F-3A), helicopter’s gears (WR-2) and ground service equipment. The company also operates in automotive sector. ANKOL company is a family business, jointly managed by Czesław, Anna and Eryka Kolisz. Shareholders: Czesław Kolisz – 100.0% 2004 Net sales revenues Net financial income (profit/loss)

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

21 213 22 341 32 335 19 537 565

790

3 349

181

Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets Total assets Equity

18 073 19 212 24 418 12 731 7 363

7 760

6 135

735

Description of innovative activity: According to the 5A System, the company level of market and process innovation is highly rated. The company assessment with 5A System is CCNNN. Company status: innovative company, member of the Aviation Valley

Information on selected innovative companies of the aviation sector

FK Pro Tech Sp. z o.o. Assessment with 5A System: BCNNN Place on the List of aviation sector: 23 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.fk-lightplanes.com Established in: 2006 Company size: medium Address: 38–400 Krosno, 20b Lotników Str. Voivodship: Subcarpathian

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

3 970

6 432

Net financial income (profit/loss)

(950)

190

6.4

2004 Net sales revenues

4.0

Financial data (thousand PLN)

Type of business: production of aircraft, engines and aviation components. Description of business activity: The Fk-ProTech company is a manufacturer of ultra light aircraft. It belongs to the German company FK-Lightplanes operating and selling its products all over the world. The Polish branch was established after acquisition of the CSLT works (Central Aviation-Technical School) manufacturing ultra light aircraft for aeroclubs. Currently the ultra light aircraft FK-9, F-12, FK14 are manufactured and sold by the group. The company also offers repairs, reviews and services of its aircraft. Shareholders: Peter Funk – 52.0%, Henry Roland Hallam – 24.0%, Ray Silander – 24.0%

Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets

Total assets

1 314

2 339

Equity

(507)

(319)

06 07 08 09 Net sales data for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

Description of innovative activity: According to the 5A System, the company level of market innovation is very highly rated and that of process innovation is highly rated. The company assessment with 5A System is BCNNN. Company status: innovative company, member of the Aviation Valley

GDN Airport Services Sp. z o.o. Assessment with 5A System: BBNNN Place on the List of aviation sector: 18 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.gdnas.pl Established in: 1995 Company size: medium Address: 80–298 Gdańsk, 206 Słowackiego Str. Voivodship: Pomeranian

Net financial income (profit/loss)

2008

2009

1 664

3 215

3 526

1 346

2 529

26.1

2007

24.5

2006

22.5

2005

13 214 18 119 22 492 24 475 26 102

18.1

2004 Net sales revenues

13.2

Financial data (thousand PLN)

Type of business: ground service agents Description of business activity: The company is a handling agent providing complex ground handling of aircraft, passengers, luggage and cargo in the Lech Wałęsa Gdańsk Airport. The company is handling aircrafts of traditional carriers, low-cost charter carriers and those of business flights. Shareholders: Przedsiębiorstwo Państwowe Porty Lotnicze – 100.0%

Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets Total assets Equity

12 876 15 860 20 418 21 795 7 357 10 561 11 378 13 907

06 07 08 09 Net sales data for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

Description of innovative activity: According to the 5A System, the company level of market and process innovation is very highly rated. The company assessment with 5A System is BBNNN.

Report on Innovativeness of the Aviation Sector in Poland in 2010

Goodrich Krosno Sp. z o.o. Assessment with 5A System: CBNNC Place on the List of aviation sector: 10 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.goodrich.com Established in: 1996 Company size: large Address: 38–400 Krosno, 6a Żwirki i Wigury Str. Voivodship: Subcarpathian

06 07 08 09 Net sales data for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

Financial data (thousand PLN)

75.6

70.2

56.3

71.0

49.1

153.2

Type of business: production of aircraft, engines and aviation components Description of business activity: The Goodrich Krosno company is a part of the global Goodrich Corporation corporation, the supplier of systems and services for the aviation and military industries. Goodrich Krosno is a manufacturer of subassemblies of civil and military aircraft under-carriages (among others for such companies as Boeing, Gulfsteam, Bombardier, Lockheed Martin, Airbus). It holds certificates required in the business i.e. ISO, AS 9000:100 and also the NADCAP certifications for special processes. Each year Goodrich Krosno implements new projects and technologies securing the highest quality of products. Shareholders: GOODRICH AEROSPACE CANADA LTD – 100.0% 2004 Net sales revenues Net financial income (profit/loss)

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

49 140 56 336 71 018 70 176 75 578 153 194 3 636

6 888

7 016

3 150

393

173

2 501 19 484

Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets

300

219

Total assets

69 953 82 904 89 875 109 551 115 041 123 266

Equity

59 779 60 710 75 333 89 766 65 453 92 777

Description of innovative activity: According to the 5A System, the company level of market innovation is highly rated and the company level of process innovation is very highly rated and the company ability of financing acquisition of innovative projects is highly rated. The company assessment with 5A System is CCNNN. Company status: innovative company, member of the Aviation Valley

Górnośląskie Towarzystwo Lotnicze GTL S.A.

Upper Silesian Aviation Group

Assessment with 5A System: CCNNN Place on the List of aviation sector: 56 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.gtl.com.pl Established in: 1991 Company size: large Address: 40–161 Katowice, 38 Korfantego Av. Voivodship: Silesian

79.9

83.3

64.7

50.8

06 07 08 09 Net sales data for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

Financial data (thousand PLN)

46.2

35.7

Type of business: airports Description of business activity: The Przedsiębiorstwo Górnośląskie Towarzystwo Lotnicze GTL S.A. is the management entity of the International Katowice Airport in Pyrzowice (MPL Katowice). The most important company’s objective is an expansion of the MPL Katowice infrastructure and the highest standard of provided services. The company has numerous subsidiaries providing complex ground handling of aircraft, crews, passengers and goods (GTL LOT UL), advertising services (GTL Service), cargo services (GTL Cargo, Cargo Air GTL) and catering services (LCS). Shareholders: Przedsiębiorstwo Państwowe Porty Lotnicze – 33.1%, WĘGLOKOKS S.A. – 25.6%, Others – 41.3% 2004 Net sales revenues Net financial income (profit/loss)

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

35 727 46 161 50 786 64 681 83 318 79 855 2 960

5 185

8 012 20 427 21 146

9 101

Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets Total assets Equity

672

696

1 189

2 181

154 400 176 610 199 239 226 868 249 007 279 415 87 254 102 201 109 695 129 521 149 926 192 188

Description of innovative activity: According to the 5A System, the company level of market and process innovation is highly rated. The company assessment with 5A System is CCNNN.

Information on selected innovative companies of the aviation sector

GTL-LOT Usługi Lotniskowe Sp. z o.o.

GTL-LOT Airport Services

Assessment with 5A System: BBNNN Place on the List of aviation sector: 12 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.gtllot.com.pl Established in: 1994 Company size: large Address: 42–625 Ożarowice, 90 Wolności Str. Voivodship: Silesian

2006

2007

2008

2009

343

509

398

1 559

Total assets

6 746

7 841

7 963

8 804 16 134 21 482

577

627

Equity

2 931

3 635

3 978

4 487

Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets

5 915

6 067

27.3

785

22.0

1 010

19.7

13 715 16 938 19 655 21 966 27 264 46 749 16.9

Net financial income (profit/loss)

2005

46.7

2004 Net sales revenues

13.7

Financial data (thousand PLN)

Type of business: ground service agents Description of business activity: The company GTL-LOT Usługi Lotniskowe Sp. z o.o. is an independent handling agent in the International Katowice International Airport in Pyrzowice (MPL Katowice). The GTL-LOT provides service of all types of aircraft, from the smallest passenger machines to the largest transport machines. The company provides its services for air carriers, forwarding and courier companies. The quality management system according to the ISO 9001:2000 standard was introduced in the company. GTL-LOT is a member of the IATA Ground Handling Council. Shareholders: Górnośląskie Towarzystwo Lotnicze GTL S.A. – 50.0%, Polskie Linie Lotnicze LOT S.A. – 50.0%

06 07 08 09 Net sales data for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

Description of innovative activity: According to the 5A System, the company level of market and process innovation is very highly rated. The company assessment with 5A System is BBNNN.

Hamilton Sundstrand Poland Sp. z o.o. Assessment with 5A System: NNNNC Place on the List of aviation sector: 98 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.hamiltonsundstrand.com Established in: 2009 Company size: medium Address: 35–078 Rzeszów, 120 Hetmańska Str. Voivodship: Subcarpathian

Financial data (thousand PLN)

Type of business: production of aircraft, engines and aviation components Description of business activity: The company is a part of the international corporation Hamilton Sundstrand, which is a part of the United Technologies Corporation group. The Hamilton Sundstrand Poland has formally operated in Poland since 2009, in practice since 2010, the year of commencing of investment involving the building of production plant and research-developing centre. The company which is located on the grounds of WSK Rzeszów will be dealt with production of components for the aircraft engines. Ultimately the company is to employ 300 employees and the investment value is to reach over 100 mln zlotys. 2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

Net sales revenues Net financial income (profit/loss) Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets Total assets Equity

Description of innovative activity: According to the 5A System, the company’s ability of financing acquisition for innovation from the European funds. The company assessment with 5A System is NNNNC. Company status: member of the Aviation Valley

Report on Innovativeness of the Aviation Sector in Poland in 2010

HELISECO Sp. z o.o. Assessment with 5A System: CCNNN Place on the List of aviation sector: 38 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.heliseco.pl Established in: 1992 Company size: medium Address: 21–045 Świdnik, 1 Lotników Polskich Av. Voivodship: Lublin

25.9

24.3

29.5

30.5

06 07 08 09 Net sales data for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

Financial data (thousand PLN)

25.2

18.7

Type of business: air transport Description of business activity: HELISECO Sp. z o.o. company provides services of helicopter transport, including carriage of passengers and cargo. In the area of helicopter services, the offer also includes the following types of flights i.e. forest fire protection, protection of agricultural and forest crops against vermins, air supervising of power lines, services for sporting and tourist events, training of flying staff, lifting and assembly works, flights for the purpose of advertising and fotogrammetric flight. Shareholders: HISPANICA DE AVIACION S.A. – 99.72%, Others – 0.28% 2004 Net sales revenues Net financial income (profit/loss)

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

18 680 25 232 30 488 29 463 24 320 25 875 1 947

308

1 416

273

560

594

Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets Total assets

31 526 23 799 23 174 22 605 23 570 22 525

Equity

12 814 13 122 14 538 12 756 13 315 13 491

Description of innovative activity: According to the 5A System, the company level of market and process innovation is very highly rated. The company assessment with 5A System is CCNNN.

Hispano-Suiza Polska Sp. z o.o. Assessment with 5A System: CNCNC Place on the List of aviation sector: 20 Place on the 500’2009 List: 456

www.hispano-suiza-polska.com Established in: 2001 Company size: large Address: 39–120 Sędziszów Małopolski, 29 Partyzantów Str. Voivodship: Subcarpathian

82.3

67.8

43.2

06 07 08 09 Net sales data for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

Financial data (thousand PLN)

14.0

25.4

9.2

Type of business: production of aircraft, engines and aviation components Description of business activity: Hispano-Suiza Polska Sp. z o.o. is a part of the French company Hispano-Suiza, which is included in SAFRAN Group. The latter associates head companies from aerospace sector. Hispano-Suiza Polska is a production company making the highest quality spares for aircraft engines. It has a production plant located in Sędziszów Małopolski and Technology Department, in which research and development works are carried out. Four divisions manufacture the highest quality gearwheels for aircraft engines, elements of turbo-fan engines, fuselage of aluminium and magnesium alloys, components assembled in gondolas of aircraft engines of the largest world aircraft. Among the customers of the company are Hispano-Suiza, Turbomeca, Microturbo, Techspace Aero or Aircelle. Shareholders: HISPANO SUIZA – 100.0% 2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

Net sales revenues

9 181 13 975 25 376 43 250 67 832 82 345

Net financial income (profit/loss)

1 242

Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets

39 (1 682)

24 (17 217)

3 365

687

558

400

257

1 646

2 124

2 334

2 267

Total assets

26 541 46 542 88 335 102 066 194 917 211 401

Equity

10 673 10 712 33 436 40 644 23 427 26 792

Description of innovative activity: According to the 5A System, the company level of market innovation, investments on innovative activity and ability of acquisition of financing of innovating projects are highly rated. The company assessment with 5A System is CNCNC. Company status: innovative company, member of the Aviation Valley, investor in research and development

Information on selected innovative companies of the aviation sector

IWAMET Sp. z o.o. Assessment with 5A System: CCNNN Place on the List of aviation sector: 67 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.iwamet.com.pl Established in: 2003 Company size: medium Address: 37–450 Stalowa Wola, 28 Grabskiego Str. Voivodship: Subcarpathian

2007

2008

2009

8 316 21 664 36 157 17 394

Net financial income (profit/loss)

2 126

761

4 415

178

17.4

2006

36.2

2005

21.7

2004 Net sales revenues

8.3

Financial data (thousand PLN)

Type of business: suppliers and subcontractors Description of business activity: The company IWAMET originally existed as a tool-room, then expanded its scope of activity and started providing services in a precision mechanical machining of spares for aviation and for other sectors. In 2007 IWAMET took over the shaped aluminium casting department from the Federal Mogul Gorzyce S.A. and then in 2008, in the new plant in Stalowa Wola, the production of aluminium casting in the sand formation technology based on chemo-curable mass (cold-box method) was initiated. New machines were installed which doubled the production capacity in low pressure. IWAMET is a family business. Shareholders: Kazimierz Iwasieczko – 50.0%, Stella Iwasieczko – 45.0%, John Iwasieczko – 5.0%

Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets Total assets

10 005 19 106 22 787 19 400

Equity

4 023

4 485

8 675

06 07 08 Net sales data

8 884 for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

Kennametal Polska Sp. z o.o. Assessment with 5A System: BCNNN Place on the List of aviation sector: 24 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.kennametal.com Established in: 1997 Company size: medium Address: 61–814 Poznań, 19 Ratajczaka Str. Voivodship: Greater Poland

Net financial income (profit/loss)

2006 18 715 2 422

2007

2008

2009

11 146 12 287 580

548

431

12.3

Net sales revenues

2005

11.1

2004

18.7

Financial data (thousand PLN)

Type of business: trading Description of business activity: The Kennametal Polska company is a part of world leader in production of tools by machinecutting method. The company deals with a distribution of cutting tools under the brand names Kennametal, Widia, Rubig, Cleveland, Werko and others. Shareholders: Kennametal Osterreich GmbH – 100.0%

06 07 08 Net sales data

Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets Total assets Equity

1 359 11 687 6 258

12 735 10 805 7 351

7 899 for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

Description of innovative activity: According to the 5A methodoogy, the company level ofmarket innovation is very highly rated and that of process innovation – highly rated. The company assessment with 5A System is BCNNN. Company status: member of the Aviation Valley

Report on Innovativeness of the Aviation Sector in Poland in 2010

Kreisler Polska Sp. z o.o. Assessment with 5A System: BCNNC Place on the List of aviation sector: 11 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.kreisler.pl Established in: 2005 Company size: medium Address: 30–741 Kraków, 10 Nad Drwiną Str. Voivodship: Lesser Poland

06 07 08 09 Net sales data for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

Financial data (thousand PLN)

3.8

7.7

Type of business: production of aircraft, engines and aviation components Description of business activity: The company Kreisler Polska Sp. z o.o. manufactures components for the aviation and power industries (among others, elements of gas turbines of electric power generators). The company offers services in the range of turning, grinding, rifling and electro-erosion. It has machinery consisting of the modern digitally controlled machines operated by the experienced workers. Shareholders: KREISLER MANUFACTURING CORPORATION – 100.0% 2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

Net sales revenues

3 839

7 715

Net financial income (profit/loss)

(137)

889

Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets Total assets

7 259 10 895

Equity

6 794

8 062

Description of innovative activity: According to the 5A System, the company level of market innovation is very highly rated, the level of process innovation and the ability of financing acquisition of innovative projects are highly rated. The company assessment with 5A System is BCNNC. Company status: innovative company, member of the Aviation Valley

LOT Services Sp. z o.o. Assessment with 5A System: BCNNN Place on the List of aviation sector: 32 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.lotservices.pl Established in: 1995 Company size: medium Address: 02–148 Warszawa, 39 17 Stycznia Str. Voivodship: Mazovian

06 07 08 09 Net sales data for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

Financial data (thousand PLN)

17.6

18.2

19.5

19.6

74.6

Type of business: ground service agents Description of business activity: The LOT Services company offers a full range of handling services. It operates over 100 000 flights yearly. The 6 mln passengers arrive to and depart the from the Warsaw Airport and at the same time the 511 thousand tons of cargo goes through the Cargo Terminal. The company also provides other services as coordination of flights service, loading and unloading of luggage and freight, handling of aircraft on aprons, de-icing of aircraft. The full passenger service, including luggage service of groups and passengers requiring care services (MAAS) are also carried out. The company also provides freight handling services, ground handling of private flights, passenger and crew transports. Shareholders: OT CARGO S.A. – 100.0% 2004 Net sales revenues Net financial income (profit/loss)

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

19 573 18 200 19 455 18 234 17 604 74 579 1 559

226

385

227

191

580

Total assets

5 693

5 715

5 428

5 901

7 218 34 784

Equity

3 342

3 568

3 953

4 181

4 371

Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets 4 952

Description of innovative activity: According to the 5A System, the company level of market innovation is very highly rated and the level of process innovation is highly rated. The company assessment with 5A System is BCNNN.

Information on selected innovative companies of the aviation sector

LOT UL Kraków Sp. z o.o. PL Kraków Assessment with 5A System: CBNNN Place on the List of aviation sector: 26 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.lhc.krak.pl

Address: 32–083 Balice, 1 Medweckiego Str. Voivodship: Lesser Poland

2009

26 566 37 395 43 274 51 117 48 231 50 407 1 741

5 175

2 138

2 160

2 293

Capitalized value of R&D expenses

50.4

2008

48.2

2007

43.3

Net financial income (profit/loss)

2006

37.4

Net sales revenues

2005

51.1

2004

26.6

Financial data (thousand PLN)

Type of business: ground service agents Description of business activity: The LOT UL Kraków Sp. z o.o. PL Kraków company is a handling agent operating in the Jan Paweł II Kraków-Balice International Airport. It provides general administrative and economic services for the port users, as well as passenger service, ground transport, luggage and cargo handling. It also provides apron and aircraft service. Shareholders: Przedsiębiorstwo Państwowe Porty Lotnicze – 100.0%

Intangible assets Total assets Equity

06 07 08 09 Net sales data 5 659 10 834 11 164 13 324 13 076 15 369 for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

15 388 22 382 28 328 28 048 25 755 27 553

Description of innovative activity: According to the 5A System, the company level of market innovation is highly rated and the level of process innovation is very highly rated. The company assessment with 5A System is CBNNN.

Lotnicze Zakłady Produkcyjno-Naprawcze Aero Kros Sp. z o.o. Aviation Production and Repair Company „Aero-Kros” Pte. Ltd. Assessment with 5A System: CNNNB Place on the List of aviation sector: 39 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.aero-kros.com Established in: 2007 Company size: small Address: 38–400 Krosno, 20 Lotników Str. Voivodship: Subcarpathian

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

5 743

6 016

Net financial income (profit/loss)

(943)

6.0

2004 Net sales revenues

5.7

Financial data (thousand PLN)

Type of business: production of aircraft, engines and aviation components Description of business activity: The company is specialized in repair services of the glides and aircraft, as well as in production of ultra light ULM machines. Up to now the company has produced over 450 aircrafts of the MP-02 Czajka model. The Aero Kros also provides the assemblies and tests of the Exec 162F and A600 Talon helicopters. The company has an air accessories workshop, which provides technical services, periodical services and repairing of the aviation equipment. Additionally the reconstruction of the aviation equipment are provided free of charge within an existing service. The company also manufactures prefabricated metal elements including sound-absorbing panels. Shareholders: Grzegorz Wojtaszek – 100.0%

Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets

Total assets

5 722

7 683

Equity

2 767

3 699

06 07 08 09 Net sales data for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

Description of innovative activity: According to the 5A System, the company level of market innovation is highly rated and financing acquisition for the innovative projects is very highly rated. The company assessment with 5A System is CNNNB. Company status: innovative company, member of the Aviation Valley

100

Report on Innovativeness of the Aviation Sector in Poland in 2010

M&M AIR CARGO Service Polska S.A. Assessment with 5A System: CNNNN Place on the List of aviation sector: 96 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.mumnet.com Established in: 1997 Company size: Małe Address: 03–236 Warszawa, 3 Annopol Str. Voivodship: Mazovian

25.6

38.3

40.0

06 07 08 09 Net sales data for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

Financial data (thousand PLN)

2004 Net sales revenues Net financial income (profit/loss)

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

34 806 52 184 38 567 40 017 38 259 25 562 418

1 115

969

126

376

(597)

Total assets

9 583

8 822

6 863

5 076

Equity

2 540

1 866

2 241

1 268

Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets

M.A.M. Przedsiębiorstwo Produkcyjno-Usługowo-Handlowe Assessment with 5A System: CNNNN Place on the List of aviation sector: 93 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.mam.rzeszow.pl Established in: 1993 Company size: small Address: 35–206 Rzeszów, 18 Gen. L. Okulickiego Av. Voivodship: Subcarpathian

Type of business: trading Description of business activity: The production and commercial company dealing with a supply of tools, machinery and appliances for metalworking, metallurgical and standardized products of Polish and foreign origin for its customers. It offers services in the range of construction and execution of the injection molds as well as cutting treatment on the CNC machines. The experienced employees, held CNC machine tools, experience in tools selection, design and technology office with the 3D CAD/CAM software are key resources and competence of the company. Shareholders: Marek Wróblewski – 100.0% Financial data (thousand PLN)

38.6

34.8

52.2

Type of business: air transport Description of business activity: M&M is an internationally recognized group providing the highest quality forwarding service in road, rail, air and sea tranports, as well as a full spectrum of modern logistic services. Shareholders: M&M International Holding AG – 100.0%

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

Net sales revenues Net financial income (profit/loss) Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets Total assets Equity

101

Information on selected innovative companies of the aviation sector

MAPAL Narzędzia Precyzyjne Sp. z o.o. Assessment with 5A System: CCNNN Place on the List of aviation sector: 42 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.mapal.pl Established in: 1990 Company size: small Address: 61–495 Poznań, 11 Partyzancka Str. Voivodship: Greater Poland

2007

2008

2009

Net financial income (profit/loss)

2 873

1 975

1 128

19.3

2006

18 118 20 478 20 949 19 323

20.9

2005

20.5

2004 Net sales revenues

18.1

Financial data (thousand PLN)

Type of business: trading Description of business activity: The main scope of the companys’s activity is designing and production of all kinds of furniture made of acid-proof steel in single copies or in series. All the equipment is produced from high quality acid-proof steel, which meets hygiene standards. The company takes up an execution of specific products for such different sectors as cosmetic, pharmaceutical, medical, chemical and aviation industry. Shareholders: MAPAL Fabrik für Präzisionswerkzeuge Dr. Kress KG – 100.0%

Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets Total assets

11 753 11 185 12 033

Equity

10 742

9 844

9 281

06 07 08 09 Net sales data for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

METALTON G. Olchawski Sp.j. Assessment with 5A System: CNNNC Place on the List of aviation sector: 64 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.metalton.com.pl Established in: 2003 Company size: medium Address: 24–320 Poniatowa, 31 Przemysłowa Str. Voivodship: Lublin

2007

11 708 14 661 13 587

2008 7 337

2009 3 932

7.3

Net financial income (profit/loss) Capitalized value of R&D expenses

3.9

2006

13.6

Net sales revenues

2005

14.7

2004

11.7

Financial data (thousand PLN)

Type of business: suppliers and subcontractors Description of business activity: The METALTON G. Olchawski Sp.j. company was founded in 2000 on the ground of the former EDA S.A. electromechanical works. The company is specialized in designing and manufacturing of tools and metal components. It also manufactures spare parts for the products already made. The company has a modern and flexible machinery, as well as a design office, which is based on the CAD/CAM systems. Shareholders: Grzegorz Olchawski – 50.0%, Dorota Furtak – 50.0%

Intangible assets Total assets Equity

06 07 08 09 Net sales data for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

Description of innovative activity: According to the 5A System, the company level of market innovation as well as that of financing acquisition for innovative projects is highly rated. The company assessment with 5A System is CNNNC. Company status: member of the Aviation Valley

102

Report on Innovativeness of the Aviation Sector in Poland in 2010

Międzynarodowy Port Lotniczy im. Jana Pawła II Kraków-Balice Sp. z o.o. John Paul II International Airport Kraków-Balice Ltd. Assessment with 5A System: CCNNC Place on the List of aviation sector: 30 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.lotnisko-balice.pl Established in: 1996 Company size: large Address: 32–083 Balice, 1 Medweckiego Str. Voivodship: Lesser Poland

117.5

130.5

126.5

06 07 08 09 Net sales data for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

Financial data (thousand PLN)

64.4

36.8

105.4

Type of business: airports Description of business activity: The main activity of the company is the expanding, modernization and operating of the Kraków International Airport as well as activities connecting with servicing of passenger and cargo aviation traffic. The company provides the inside and outside airport services, including space renting, land leasing and rental of advertising spaces. The International Aviation Port is an object used jointly by military and civil aviation. Shareholders: Przedsiębiorstwo Państwowe Porty Lotnicze – 85.04%, Others – 14.95% 2004 Net sales revenues Net financial income (profit/loss)

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

36 770 64 380 105 408 126 500 130 499 117 529 9 562 25 380 56 968 57 054 53 428 35 395

Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets

1 028

976

2 074

Total assets

150 890 208 839 288 169 350 315 403 945 446 712

Equity

119 768 144 948 211 678 268 432 321 547 356 634

Description of innovative activity: According to the 5A System, the company level of market and process innovation is highly rated. The ability of financing acquisition for innovative projects is also highly rated. The company assessment with 5A System is CCNNC. Company status: innovative company

MTU Aero Engines Polska Sp. z o.o. Assessment with 5A System: BNNNN Place on the List of aviation sector: 50 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.mtupolska.com Established in: 2009 Company size: medium Address: 36–002 Jasionka, 108 Tajęcina Voivodship: Subcarpathian

06 07 08 09 Net sales data for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

Financial data (thousand PLN)

0.4

45.0

Type of business: production of aircraft, engines and aviation components Description of business activity: The MTU Aero Engines Polska company is a part of the global MTU Aero Engines Corporation. The plant, which is equipped with very modern machinery, manufactures, among others, the managerial and rotating blades for low pressure turbines for a number of aircraft engines. In addition, the company focuses its activities on the installation of modules for civil programs of power units used in the aviation industry. Further field of action is to repair power units, including different types of tubing for aircraft engines (e.g. oil, fuel , air engines). The key issues in the development in MTU AE Polska are i.e. designing of profiles of ambient, low pressure turbines blades of aircraft engines, handles for processing and testing of engine components as well as software development for inspection and diagnostic unit for aircraft engines. Shareholders: MTU AERO ENGINES GMBH – 100.0% 2004 Net sales revenues Net financial income (profit/loss)

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

358 45 002 (18 885) (25 852)

Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets Total assets Equity

110 575 235 538 71 215 185 513

103

Information on selected innovative companies of the aviation sector

Nafta-Gaz-Serwis S.A. Assessment with 5A System: BCNCN Place on the List of aviation sector: 13 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.ngs.com.pl Established in: 2001 Company size: medium Address: 38–500 Sanok, 45 Rymanowska Str. Voivodship: Subcarpathian

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

703

2 936

6 301

6 298

154

108

Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets Total assets

13 044 19 552 25 734 47 948

Equity

6 495

39.5

Net financial income (profit/loss)

32.0

20 287 32 000 39 451 59 881

06 07 08 Net sales data

59.9

2004 Net sales revenues

20.3

Financial data (thousand PLN)

Type of business: suppliers and subcontractors Description of business activity: The company Nafta-Gaz-Serwis S.A. offers comprehensive services on the oil and gas market which include project works, manufacturing, assembling and installing, commissioning and start-up. The company has the longterm experience in carrying out the wells development to exploit gas and oil. It offers the construction of gas compressor stations, pipes andu installation of gas drying plant, CNC refueling station and the accompanying infrastructure. The company also manufactures equipment and pressure vessels as well as operational heads, wedge trusses and high pressure valves. Nafta-Gaz-Serwis began a cooperation in manufacturing of parts for the aviaition industry. Based on the classic and CNC machine tools, it offers the manufacture of components from alloy steel and stainless steel as well as of tools and instruments.

9 391 14 412 19 264 for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

Description of innovative activity: According to the 5A System, the company level of market innovation is very highly rated, the level of process innovation is highly rated. The company level of financing acquistion for patenting of its solutions is also high. The company assessment with 5A System is BCNCN. Company status: member of the Aviation Valley, patenting company

Norbert Polska Sp. z o.o. Assessment with 5A System: CNNNN Place on the List of aviation sector: 73 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.norbertpolska.pl Established in: 2007 Company size: medium Address: 35–105 Rzeszów, 9b Przemysłowa Str. Voivodship: Subcarpathian

Net financial income (profit/loss)

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

30.0

2004 Net sales revenues

9 387 30 035 (2 143)

944

185

1 223

9.4

Financial data (thousand PLN)

Type of business: production of aircraft, engines and aviation components Description of business activity: The Norbert Polska company is a supplier for that sector of the aviation industry, which manufactures elements for the aircraft engines. The company produces turbine nozzles, bearing seals, fuel injection rings, bushings, nuts, levers and more. Company has a large stock of machines ranging from manual lathes, CNC lathes, milling centers (3.4 axle), turning centers (4 axis) to the grinding machines and the EDM indenting tools. Company is a part of the Norber Industries company operating in the USA.

Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets Total assets Equity

06 07 08 09 Net sales data 2 738 for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

15 962 16 544 1 794

104

Report on Innovativeness of the Aviation Sector in Poland in 2010

PANALPINA Polska Sp. z o.o. Assessment with 5A System: BBNNN Place on the List of aviation sector: 17 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.panalpina.com Established in: 2005 Company size: medium Address: 53–508 Wrocław, 36 Prosta Str. Voivodship: Lower Silesian

116.7

99.7

06 07 08 09 Net sales data for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

Financial data (thousand PLN)

73.4

41.6

Type of business: air transport Description of business activity: The company Panalpina Polska Sp. z o.o. offers products and solutions for sea and air transport. The sea freight includes worldwide groupage services (LCL) and full container loads (FCL), whereas the air transport (export and import) is mainly based on network connections through the largest European airports i.e. Frankfurt and Luxembourg. Company is the leading supplier of logistic services and supports its customers in planning, consulting and implementing solutions in the air and sea freights. Shareholders: PANALPINA WELTTRANSPORT (Holding) AG (Switzerland) – 100.0% 2004

2005

Net sales revenues

2006

2007

2008

2009

41 645 73 431 99 715 116 697

Net financial income (profit/loss)

2 174

3 232

1 652

1 333

3 024

4 250

Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets Total assets

522

10 594 17 471 19 211 27 879

Equity

2 224

5 457

4 984

9 233

Description of innovative activity: According to the 5A System, the company level of market and process innovation is very highly rated. The company assessment with 5A System is BBNNN.

Polskie Linie Lotnicze LOT S.A. LOT Polish Airlines Assessment with 5A System: CNNNC Place on the List of aviation sector: 57 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.lot.com Established in: 1929 Company size: large Address: 00–906 Warszawa, 39 17 Stycznia Str. Voivodship: Mazovian

2 724.1

2 856.3

2 983.0

2 762.4

06 07 08 09 Net sales data for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

Financial data (thousand PLN)

2 771.8

2 914.2

Type of business: air transport Description of business activity: The object of the business activity of the Polskie Linie Lotnicze LOT S.A. is to provide air transport for passengers, mail and goods in the domestic and international traffic (schedule and charter flights). Since 2003 LOT has been a member of the largest global alliance i.e. the Star Alliance. LOT is an airline operating on the basis of a traditional business model of the hub-and-spoke type. It is a kind of the concentric cluster assuming that there is a network of suppliers (goods and services) anchored around a big company. The company is focused on the schedule flights to the Airports in Europe, North America and Middle East. LOT has the largest market share of passenger transport in Poland. Shareholders: Ministerstwo Skarbu Państwa – 67.97%, Regionalny Fundusz Gospodarczy S.A. – 25.10%, Others – 6.93% 2004 Net sales revenues Net financial income (profit/loss)

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2 914 159 2 771 774 2 762 427 2 983 046 2 856 326 2 724 061 17 121

88 611

523 421

29 708 (732 723) (168 057)

Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets

22 861

21 497

18 784

Total assets

2 748 408 3 195 147 3 310 560 3 251 600 2 771 348 2 532 538

Equity

1 341 915 1 575 266 1 896 335 1 927 370

934 814

665 385

Description of innovative activity: According to the 5A System, the company level of market innovation is highly rated. The ability of company of financing acquisition of the innovative projects are highly rated as well. The company assessment with 5A System is CNNNC.

105

Information on selected innovative companies of the aviation sector

Polskie Zakłady Lotnicze Mielec Sp. z o.o. Assessment with 5A System: BNNNA Place on the List of aviation sector: 14 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.pzlmielec.pl Established in: 1998 Company size: large Address: 39–300 Mielec, 3 Wojska Polskiego Str. Voivodship: Subcarpathian

2009

159 050 107 483 147 986 112 210 132 856 190 731

Net financial income (profit/loss)

(65 592) (31 972) (21 176)

Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets Total assets Equity

190.7

2008

132.9

2007

112.2

2006

148.0

Net sales revenues

2005

107.5

2004

159.0

Financial data (thousand PLN)

Type of business: production of aircraft, engines and aviation components Description of business activity: The company Polskie Zakłady Lotnicze Mielec Sp. z o.o. is the largest aircraft manufacturer in Poland and is expanding its production profile towards making an air structure and a production of helicopters. It manufactures the BLACK HAWK helicopter cabins for the international customers and for the army of the United States. In addition, the company has launched the production line of the S-70i helicopters, which belong to the family of the BLACK HAWK helicopters, that have been tested in combat conditions. The current products line include i.e. twin-engined turboprop STOL aircraft M28 and M28B Bryza, single-engined airplane designed for an air operation, fire fighting M18 Dromader and multitask helicopter Sikorsky S-70i BLACK HAWKTM The company also manufacture cabin segments of the UH-60M BLACK HAWKTM helicopter’s structure. Shareholders: SIKORSKY Aircraft Corporation – United Technologies Holdings S.A. – 100.0%

2 023 10 926 11 656 06 07 08 09 Net sales data 8 383 133 891 112 715 for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

149 969 164 576 184 847 198 514 329 821 525 184 84 627 66 132 73 974

Description of innovative activity: According to the 5A System, the company level of market innovation is very highly rated, whereas the ability of company of financing acquisition of the innovative projects are at the highest level. The company assessment with 5A System is BNNNA. Company status: innovative company, member of the Aviation Valley

Port Lotniczy Bydgoszcz S.A.

Bydgoszcz Airport

Assessment with 5A System: CNNNC Place on the List of aviation sector: 53 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.plb.pl Established in: 1920 Company size: medium Address: 85–109 Bydgoszcz, 12 Grodzka Str. Voivodship: Kuyavian-Pomeranian

Net financial income (profit/loss)

2007

6 514

8 907

2008 6 952

2009 7 043

(3 511) (9 459) (5 846) (13 070) (19 542)

7.0

2006

7.0

4 157

8.9

2005

6.5

2004 Net sales revenues

4.2

Financial data (thousand PLN)

Type of business: airports Description of business activity: The company Port Lotniczy Bydgoszcz S.A. manages the airport located in Bydgoszcz, as well as the port’s infrastructure. The company leases a commercial space in the airport, conference rooms and advertising space. It issues tenders for investments, provides services for the carriers, tour operators and ground service agents which are operating at the port, as well as for over 270 thousand passengers a year. The two large carriers i.e. Ryanair and PLL LOT S.A. operate at the Bydgoszcz airport.

Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets Total assets Equity

465 77 298 42 212

06 07 08 09 Net sales data 37 015 33 556 47 588 101 557 77 426 for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

51 518 54 921 62 289 116 116 85 886

Description of innovative activity: According to the 5A System, the company level of market innovation and the company ability of financing acquisition of the innovative projects is highly rated. The company assessment with 5A System is CNNNC.

106

Report on Innovativeness of the Aviation Sector in Poland in 2010

Port Lotniczy Gdańsk im. Lecha Wałęsy Sp. z o.o.

Gdansk Lech Walesa Airport

Assessment with 5A System: BCNNC Place on the List of aviation sector: 25 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.airport.gdansk.pl Established in: 1974 Company size: medium Address: 80–298 Gdańsk, 200 Słowackiego Str. Voivodship: Pomeranian

62.0

59.1

06 07 08 09 Net sales data for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

Financial data (thousand PLN)

50.8

25.2

39.4

21.6

Type of business: airports Description of business activity: The company Port Lotniczy Gdańsk im. L. Wałęsy Sp. z o.o. manages the airport terminal located in Gdańsk – Rębiechowo and the port’s infrastructure. The company leases operational areas and advertising space. It manages the airport terminal and runway. Provides services for carriers and agents operating at the airport. The airport handles annually over 2 million passengers. Shareholders: Przedsiębiorstwo Państwowe Porty Lotnicze – 37.61%, Skarb Państwa – 31.45%, Lokalna Rada Komunalna – 30.23%, Others – 0.71% 2004 Net sales revenues Net financial income (profit/loss)

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

21 642 25 163 39 403 50 829 59 073 61 951 2 058

2 824

6 545 11 651 13 720 10 459

Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets

1 941

2 042

1 973

Total assets

89 788 96 049 108 034 129 605 148 350 157 601

Equity

78 035 80 858 87 403 101 022 114 742 125 201

Description of innovative activity: According to the 5A System, the company level of market innovation is very highly rated, the level of process innovation is highly rated, whereas the company ability of financing acquisition of the innovative projects are at high level. The company assessment with 5A System is BCNNC.

Port Lotniczy Kielce S.A. Kielce Airport Assessment with 5A System: CNNNN Place on the List of aviation sector: 76 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.plksa.eu Established in: 2008 Address: 25–405 Kielce, 5 Szermentowskiego Str. Voivodship: Swietokrzyskie

06 07 08 09 Net sales data for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

Financial data (thousand PLN)

0.1

Type of business: airports Description of business activity: The company Port Lotniczy Kielce S.A was founded during the preliminary works carried out by the Kielce City in preparation for building of the Regional Airport. Objective of the company is preparing, execution and starting-up of the Regional Airport in Obica, Kielce, Morawica Community. 2004 Net sales revenues

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

(328)

(440)

Total assets

1 693

1 254

Equity

1 672

1 232

Net financial income (profit/loss) Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets

Description of innovative activity: According to the 5A System, the company level of market innovation is highly rated. The company assessment with 5A System is CNNNN.

107

Information on selected innovative companies of the aviation sector

Port Lotniczy Lublin S.A. Lublin Airport Assessment with 5A System: CNNNN Place on the List of aviation sector: 79 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.portlotniczy.lublin.pl

Address: 20–340 Lublin, 21A Garbarska Str. Voivodship: Lublin

2006

2007

2008

949

Net financial income (profit/loss)

684

2009 750

(21)

(100)

(485) (1 842)

Total assets

715

1 322

8 237 55 670 115 185

Equity

712

1 312

0.7

2005

0.7

2004 Net sales revenues

0.9

Financial data (thousand PLN)

Type of business: airports Description of business activity: The company Port Lotniczy Lublin S.A. is the owner and administrator of infrastructure of the Lublin Airport being created on of the airport grass ground in Świdnik. The communication port is not yet operational and is still under construction. The total gross value of the investment, which is financed from the European funds, is to amount to 504 mln zlotys. The works started in autumn 2010 with the prospect of their completion in 2012. The airport is arising next to the grass Świdnik Airport (airport code: EPSW) belonging to the factory cooperating with the helicopter plant PZL Świdnik. Shareholders: Miasto Lublin (Lublin City) – 64.5%, Województwo Lublin (Lublin Voivodship) – 30.1%, Others – 5.4%

Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets 04

06 07 08 09 Net sales data 3 057 38 325 98 036 for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

Description of innovative activity: According to the 5A System, the company level of market innovation is highly rated. The company assessment with 5A System is CNNNN.

Port Lotniczy Łódź im. W. Reymonta Sp. z o.o.

Lodz Wladyslaw Reymont Airport

Assessment with 5A System: BNNNC Place on the List of aviation sector: 35 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.airport.lodz.pl Established in: 1993 (1925) Company size: medium Address: 94–328 Łódź, 35 Gen. S. Maczka Str. Voivodship: Lodz

2006 5 060

2007 8 077

2008

2009

8 102 10 642

Intangible assets Total assets Equity

0.1

5.1

(4 827) (7 359) (9 958) (10 031) (15 942) (21 070)

Capitalized value of R&D expenses

10.6

1 316

8.1

2005

1.3

Net financial income (profit/loss)

1 122

8.1

2004 Net sales revenues

1.1

Financial data (thousand PLN)

Type of business: airports Description of business activity: The company manages the Władysław Reymont International Airport Łódź located 6 km from the centre of Łódź. The airport has three terminals. Terminal 1, modernized in 1997, is a domestic terminal currently servicing the general aviation and VIP flights. The facilities include car rental, aviation service companies, rest rooms for the pilots, the Airport Meteorological Office, Border Guard and Police. Terminal 2, built in 2005, is an international airport destined for servicing of low cost and charter airlines. The third terminal – Terminal Cargo opened in 2009 is destined for servicing of the cargo airplanes connections. Shareholders: Lokalna Rada Komunalna (Local Municipality Council) – 94.4%, Others – 5.6%

06 07 08 09 Net sales data 15 016 24 167 65 915 122 129 142 971 132 276 for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

19 904 50 127 115 064 159 102 196 540 207 960

Description of innovative activity: According to the 5A System, the company level of market innovation is very highly rated. The company ability of financing acquisition of the innovative projects is highly rated. The company assessment with 5A System is BNNNC.

108

Report on Innovativeness of the Aviation Sector in Poland in 2010

Port Lotniczy Poznań-Ławica Sp. z o.o. Assessment with 5A System: CCNNC Place on the List of aviation sector: 37 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.airport-poznan.com.pl Established in: 1997 Company size: medium Address: 60–189 Poznań, 285 Bukowska Str. Voivodship: Greater Poland

48.6

44.2

35.3

06 07 08 09 Net sales data for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

Financial data (thousand PLN)

19.2

28.7

19.1

Type of business: airports Description of business activity: Port Lotniczy Poznań-Ławica Sp. z o.o. is a company managing the Poznań-Ławica airport infrastructure and provides services connected with handling of air transport taking place at the airport. Shareholders: Przedsiębiorstwo Państwowe Porty Lotnicze – 45.5%, Miasto Poznań (Poznan City) – 32.0%, Woj. Wielkopolskie (Greater Poland Voivodship) – 22.5% 2004 Net sales revenues Net financial income (profit/loss)

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

19 142 19 163 28 750 35 292 44 186 48 574 329

(790)

2 786

4 288

2 702

279

296

Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets Total assets

207 809 204 292 207 393 228 985 285 231 269 905

Equity

165 835 166 809 174 563 187 928 221 930 224 490

Description of innovative activity: According to the 5A System, the company level of market and process innovation is highly rated. The same level has the company ability of financing acquisition of the innovative projects. The company assessment with 5A System is CCNNC.

Port Lotniczy Radom S.A. Assessment with 5A System: CCNNN Place on the List of aviation sector: 33 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.lotnisko-radom.eu Established in: 1989 Company size: small Addres: 26–200 Radom, 53 Żeromskiego Str. Voivodship: Swietokrzyskie

06 07 08 09 Net sales data for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

Financial data (thousand PLN)

0.3

0.1

1.0

1.9

Type of business: airports Description of business activity: The main task of the company Port Lotniczy Radom S.A. is the adaptation of the existing military airport Radom-Sadków for handling of the planned traffic of airplanes, passengers and cargo freight. Another objective is to keep objects, equipment and systems being the airport infrastructure in a good condition in order to secure safe and efficient passengers handling as well as safe flight operations. The mission of the company Port Lotniczy Radom S.A. is an activation of the Radom region through commissioning and development of the low-cost air connections from the Radom- Sadków airport. Shareholders: Gmina Miasta Radomia (Radom City Community) – 100.0% 2004 Net sales revenues Net financial income (profit/loss)

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

280

1 003

1 901

393

562

Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets Total assets Equity

38 12 033 22 586 23 037 7 12 011 22 351 22 913

Description of innovative activity: According to the 5A System, the company level of market and process innovation is highly rated. The company assessment with 5A System is CCNNN.

109

Information on selected innovative companies of the aviation sector

Port Lotniczy Szczecin-Goleniów im. NSZZ Solidarność Sp. z o.o. Assessment with 5A System: CNNNC Place on the List of aviation sector: 82 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.airport.com.pl Established in: 1999 Company size: medium Address: 72–100 Goleniów, 1a Glewice Str. Voivodship: Western Pomeranian

2007 7 314

2008 9 277

2009

Net financial income (profit/loss)

(5 067 (7 731) (8 180) (7 848) (7 567) (8 198)

9 013

9.0

5 968

9.3

2006

7.3

4 579

6.0

2005

4 333

4.6

2004 Net sales revenues

4.3

Financial data (thousand PLN)

Type of business: airports Description of business activity: The company manages the infrastructure of the Szczecin-Goleniów international Airport. It holds regular air connections with Warsaw (handled by PLL LOT), London (Ryanair), Dublin (Ryanair, Centralwings), Edinburgh (Centralwings), Oslo (Norwegian). The offer also includes charter and season flights. Airport annually supports 300 thousands passengers. The terminal is suitable for the UE requirements. Shareholders: Przedsiębiorstwo Państwowe Porty Lotnicze – 56.67%, Others – 43.33%

Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets Total assets Equity

06 07 08 09 Net sales data 57 077 61 095 61 415 55 146 56 379 52 981 for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

93 057 95 610 107 795 109 837 110 035 107 627

Description of innovative activity: According to the 5A System, the company level of market innovation and the company ability of financing acquisition of the innovative projects are highly rated. The company assessment with 5A System is CNNNC.

Port Lotniczy Wrocław S.A.

Wroclaw Airport

Assessment with 5A System: NCCNC Place on the List of aviation sector: 31 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.airport.wroclaw.pl Established in: 1950 Company size: large Address: 54–530 Wrocław, 36 Skarżyńskiego Str. Voivodship: Lower Silesian

2008

2009

4 440

8 422

8 939

Capitalized value of R&D expenses

748

518

288

Intangible assets

753

738

453

172

Total assets Equity

2 706

407

5 683

81.1

28 071 31 589 54 902 81 100 104 732 78 026

78.0

2007

54.9

Net financial income (profit/loss)

2006

31.6

Net sales revenues

2005

104.7

2004

28.1

Financial data (thousand PLN)

Rodzaj działalności gospodarczej: airports Description of business activity: The company manages the Wroclaw International Airport located 10 km south-west of the city centre. It manages the whole airport infrastructure, provides leasing of operational area, advertising space, provides services for carriers and handling agents (handling service is now provided by the WRO-Lot company). The following carriers operate at the airport i.e. PLL LOT, Lufthansa, SAS Scandinavian Airlines, Ryanair Wizz Air, Jet Air and Eurolot. It is foreseen that a new terminal will be provided for use. The new building will have one of the largest capacity volume in Poland i.e. 330 429.81 m3 on 4 floors. Shareholders: Gmina Miasta Wrocławia Wrocławia (Community of Wroclaw City) – 47.89%, Przedsiębiorstwo Państwowe Porty Lotnicze – 20.23%, Urząd Marszałkowski Woj. Dolnośląskiego – 31.88%

06 07 08 09 Net sales data 75 566 76 723 99 163 142 762 187 301 212 984 for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

86 203 88 856 114 224 162 069 211 389 243 396

Description of innovative activity: According to the 5A System, the company level of process innovation, investment of innovative activity and the company ability of financing acquisition of the innovating projects is highly rated. The company assessment with 5A System is NCCNC. Company status: innovative company, investor in research and development

110

Report on Innovativeness of the Aviation Sector in Poland in 2010

POZ Airport Services Sp. z o.o. Assessment with 5A System: BBNNN Place on the List of aviation sector: 15 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.pozas.pl Established in: 1996 Company size: medium Address: 60–189 Poznań, 285 Bukowska Str. Voivodship: Greater Poland

21.7

06 07 08 09 Net sales data for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

Financial data (thousand PLN)

17.4

13.6

Type of business: ground service agents Description of business activity:The objects of the company POZ Airport Services is the ground handling in the Poznań Ławica Airport i.e. passenger service, handling of luggage, apron handling of aircraft, cabin handling of aircraft and that of crew, ground transport of passengers, luggage and cargo on the airport’s apron. Besides the company provides services for the General Aviation Handling Assistance in the Poznań-Ławica Airport. It books hotel accommodation, limousines, arranges catering and transport. Since 1996 the company has operated under the name POZ-LOT Usługi Lotniskowe Sp. z o.o. and since 2005 – under the name POZ Airport Services Sp. z o.o. Share capital of the company amounts to 1 084 000 zł. Shareholders: Państwowe Porty Lotnicze – 100.0% 2004

2005

2006

Net sales revenues

2007

2008

2009

13 582 17 442 21 698

Net financial income (profit/loss)

543

775

3 001

Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets

Total assets

9 908 12 315 14 319

Equity

5 662

6 438

9 439

Description of innovative activity: According to the 5A System, the company level of market and process innovation is very highly rated. The company assessment with 5A System is BBNNN.

Pratt&Whitney Kalisz Sp. z o.o. Assessment with 5A System: BNNNB Place on the List of aviation sector: 22 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.pwk.com.pl Established in: 1992 Company size: large Address: 62–800 Kalisz, 4a Elektryczna Str. Voivodship: Greater Poland

302.7

206.9

205.0

193.2

06 07 08 09 Net sales data for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

Financial data (thousand PLN)

158.3

127.8

Type of business: production of aircraft, engines and aviation components Description of business activity: The company Pratt&Whitney Kalisz (PWK) was founded in 1992. It is a part of the international corporation Pratt&Whitney Canada, the worldwide leader in production of turboprop engines as well as turbo-fan and shaft-engines for business aircrafts for the local connections and for helicopters. Company Pratt&Whitney Kalisz manufactures spare parts for the aircraft engines. The main spare parts are i.e. yoke planetary reducers, axial compressor directing devices, turbine seal labyrinths, gear wheels of oil pumps, drive boxes gear shafts, planetary reduction gear bolts, clutches, conical gears with arc teeth, planetary reduction gear wheels, planetary reduction ring wheels, pipes and engine main shafts. Shareholders: PRATT & WHITNEY CANADA INC – 100.0% 2004 Net sales revenues Net financial income (profit/loss) Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets Total assets Equity

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

127 792 158 290 193 180 204 961 206 881 302 709 1 834

6 507 24 746 11 168 (52 369) 1 480

1 331

209

3 333

4 831

5 029

9 867 4 747

195 380 207 376 241 013 281 019 306 734 332 156 98 990 169 734 198 285 209 552 99 952 152 366

Description of innovative activity: According to the5A methodology, the company level of market innovation and the company ability of financing acquisition of the innovative projects are is very highly rated. The company assessment with 5A System is BNNNB. Company status: innovative company, member of the Aviation Valley, investor in research and development

111

Information on selected innovative companies of the aviation sector

PRODREM Sp. z o.o.

Tooling Company Mielec Ltd.

Assessment with 5A System: CNNNN Place on the List of aviation sector: 95 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.prodrem.ptc.pl Established in: 1939 Company size: medium Address: 39–300 Mielec, 3 Wojska Polskiego Str. Voivodship: Subcarpathian

2006

2007

2008

2009

12 200 11 211

8 368

(2 173)

(470)

253

175

9 064

8 035

Net financial income (profit/loss)

8.4

2005

11.2

2004 Net sales revenues

12.2

Financial data (thousand PLN)

Type of business: suppliers and subcontractors Description of business activity: Zakład Produkcyjno-Remontowy PRODREM is specialized in production of the used tools and equipment in machining processes, non-standard steel construction, a wide range of gears and elements of power transmission systems. The company provides services in the field of precision mechanics. It also makes general servicing, current repairs and conventional and specialist overhauls of the various types of machine tools. Shareholders: UNICOMMERCE Sp. z o.o. Sp. K. – 72.75%, Marian Łukasik – 18.18%, Others – 9.06%

Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets Total assets Equity

06 07 08 09 Net sales data 3 for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

472

Przedsiębiorstwo Państwowe Porty Lotnicze

‘Polish Airports’ State Enterprise

Assessment with 5A System: CCNNC Place on the List of aviation sector: 41 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.porty-lotnicze.com.pl Established in: 1958 Company size: large Address: 00–906 Warszawa, 1 Żwirki i Wigury Av. Voivodship: Mazovian

2009

634 978

614 489

Net financial income (profit/loss)

173 897

196 756

208 325

141 037

90 493

51 944

12 284

10 016

10 208

3 731

5 193

2 641 04

614.5

2008

679 930

635.0

2006

679.9

2007

861 743 1 068 450

1068.5

2005

858 468

861.7

2004 Net sales revenues

858.5

Financial data (thousand PLN)

Type of business: airports Description of business activity: The company Państwowe Porty Lotnicze („Polish Airports” State Enterprises) deals with, among others, construction and operation of airports as well as provision of services for passengers and airlines. P.P. Porty Lotnicze manages two airports i.e. in Warsaw and that in Zielona Góra. It also holds shares in 10 companies which supervise operation of the airports in Kraków, Szczecin, Poznań, Gdańsk, Modlin, Wrocław, Katowice, Szczytno, Bydgoszcz and Rzeszów. Shareholders: Skarb Państwa – 100.0%

Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets Total assets Equity

06 07 08 09 Net sales data 1 683 855 1 890 300 2 052 067 1 898 746 1 964 670 2 047 073 for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

2 019 008 2 308 657 2 554 859 2 266 368 2 397 892 2 472 773

Description of innovative activity: According to the 5A System, the company level of market and process innovation as well as the company ability of financing acquisition of the innovative projects are highly rated. The company assessment with 5A System is CCNNC. Company status: innovative company

112

Report on Innovativeness of the Aviation Sector in Poland in 2010

Przedsiębiorstwo Produkcyjno-Usługowo-Handlowe DO-MET Dominik Wyciszkiewicz Assessment with 5A System: NNNNC Place on the List of aviation sector: 99 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.do-met.pl Established in: 1994 Company size: medium Address: 38–500 Sanok, 9 Korczaka Str. Voivodship: Subcarpathian

Financial data (thousand PLN)

Type of business: suppliers and subcontractors Description of business activity: The company has been on the market of machining since 1994. Its products are distributed and sold in Poland and Europe. The company is specialized in precision machinery of elements on numerically controlled machine tools. It also deals with turning and milling CNC. The company holds modern machinery and highly qualified personnel. In 2006 Do-Med gained the quality certificate in accordance with ISO 9001:2001. Shareholders: Dominik Wyciszkiewicz – 100.0% 2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

Net sales revenues Net financial income (profit/loss) Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets Total assets Equity

Description of innovative activity: According to the 5A System, the company ability of financing acquisition of the innovative projects is highly rated. The company assessment with 5A System is NNNNC. Company status: member of the Aviation Valley

PZL Mielec Cargo Sp. z o.o. Assessment with 5A System: CNNNN Place on the List of aviation sector: 80 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.lotnisko.mielec.pl Established in: 2003 Company size: small Address: 39–300 Mielec, 3 Wojska Polskiego Str. Voivodship: Subcarpathian

1.8

1.7

06 07 08 09 Net sales data for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

Financial data (thousand PLN)

1.6

1.3

Type of business: airports Description of business activity: PZL-Mielec Cargo Sp. z o.o. is a company managing the airport located within the Special Economic Zone Euro-Park Mielec. It is the owner of the whole airport infrastrcture. The airport has two perpendicular runways of asphalt and concrete surfaces. The length of the main runway is 2.498 mts and the width is 60 mts. The length of auxiliary runway is 659 mts and the width is 25 mts. On the north side of the main runway, the grass runway of 610 mts length and 100 mts width is located. It is mainly destined for the sport aviation. There is the additional air border crossing at the airport for passenger traffic. The crossing is run by the Border Guard Post of the Rzeszów Jasionka airport. 2004 Net sales revenues

2005

2006 1 281

2007 1 551

2008 1 726

2009 1 813

Net financial income (profit/loss) Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets Total assets Equity

Description of innovative activity: According to the 5A System, the company level of market innovation is highly rated. The company assessment with 5A System is CNNNN.

113

Information on selected innovative companies of the aviation sector

PZL-HYDRAL S.A. Assessment with 5A System: CCNNN Place on the List of aviation sector: 68 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.hydral.com.pl Established in: 1946 Company size: large Address: 51–317 Wrocław, 67b Bierutowska Str. Voivodship: Lower Silesian

2008

2009 (46)

11.9

(48 151) (14 927) (1 076) (61 578) (23 902)

55.7

2007

48.6

2006

32.8

Net financial income (profit/loss)

2005

34 651 47 600 48 618 55 741 32 757 11 870

47.6

2004 Net sales revenues

34.7

Financial data (thousand PLN)

Type of business: suppliers and subcontractors Description of business activity: The company PZL-HYDRAL S.A. is a manufacturer of hydraulic gear pumps, food pumps, piston engines, overflow valves, hydraulic distributors, electro-valves and hydraulic power, for many industries, including the aviation, textile and machinery industry.

Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets Total assets Equity

06 07 08 09 Net sales data (214 815) (229 743) (250 500) (188 922) (165 020) (164 974) for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

86 966 92 011 76 986 111 051 35 661 30 617

Description of innovative activity: According to the 5A System, the company level of market and process innovation is highly rated. The company assessment with 5A System is CCNNN.

PZL-Wrocław Sp. z o.o. Assessment with 5A System: CNNNN Place on the List of aviation sector: 86 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.pzl-wroclaw.com.pl Established in: 2004 Company size: large Address: 51–317 Wrocław, 65 Bierutowska Str. Voivodship: Lower Silesian

2006

2007

2008

2009

22 737 52 323 33 605 44

8 720 (8 292)

33.6

Net financial income (profit/loss)

2005

52.3

2004 Net sales revenues

22.7

Financial data (thousand PLN)

Type of business: production of aircraft, engines and aviation components Description of business activity: The main acitivity of PZL-Wrocław Sp. z o.o. is the production of subassemblies and gears for hydraulic and fuel systems for airplanes and helicopters. Apart from the products for the aviation industry and industrial hydraulics, the company cooperates with global companies on the field of production of elements and performance of specialized processes of mechanical, thermal and chemical processing. The company also accepts orders for carrying out of design and research works and for servicing. Shareholders: HS POLAND HOLDINGS Sp. z o.o. – 100.0%

Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets Total assets Equity

516

364

197

06 07 08 09 Net sales data 17 304 26 002 17 610 for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

35 655 57 214 52 529

Description of innovative activity: According to the 5A System, the company level of market innovation is highly rated. The company assessment with 5A System is CNNNN.

114

Report on Innovativeness of the Aviation Sector in Poland in 2010

Remog Polska Sp. z o.o. Assessment with 5A System: CNNNB Place on the List of aviation sector: 44 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.remog.pl Established in: 2005 Company size: medium Address: 39–300 Mielec, 3 Wojska Polskiego Str. Voivodship: Subcarpathian

8.5

06 07 08 09 Net sales data for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

Financial data (thousand PLN)

2004

2005

2006

Net sales revenues Net financial income (profit/loss)

2007

2008

2009

8 598

9 882

8 495

270

847

(625)

162

155

143

Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets Total assets

10 325 15 140 29 879

Equity

759

3 748

3 083

Description of innovative activity: According to the 5A System, the company level of market innovation is highly rated and the company ability of financing acquisition for innovative projects is very highly rated. The company assessment with 5A System is CNNNB. Company status: member of the Aviation Valley

Royal Star Sp. z o.o. Assessment with 5A System: NNNNB Place on the List of aviation sector: 94 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.royal-star.pl Established in: 1995 Address: 39–200 Dębica, 7 Drogowców Str. Voivodship: Subcarpathian

Type of business: suppliers and subcontractors Description of business activity: Royal Star Sp. z o.o. is a company operating in Poland in the industrial construction and installation industry, especially in the range of ventilation, air-conditioning and refrigeration works. Aviation has been a passion of the directors of Royal-Star for many years and therefore the company has decided to enter the market as the Centre of Aviation Training. At the end of 2003 the certification process of the Centre of Aviation Training of Royal-StarAERO has begun. Shareholders: Krzysztof Pawełek – 100.0% Financial data (thousand PLN)

9.9

8.6

Type of business: suppliers and subcontractors Description of business activity: Remog Polska is a production company manufacturing components for many industries, including aviation industry. The company is specialized in serial production of subassemblies for heat pumps, hydraulic corps (among others, for such companies as Linde, Bosch Rexroth), valves as well as manual deburring of the aviation spares for the Liebherr Aerospace company. The company under the EU funding purchased e.g. OO 5-axis linear vertical milling machine DMU 50eVo for machining of bearing hosing for the PW617 (Pratt &Witney Canada) and central hydraulic control block for the Eurocopter EC145 helicopter (rotor control) OO 4-axis horizontal Heller milling machine achieving high-speed and precision of programs of hydraulic machining OO Wenzel coordinate measuring machine. Shareholders: Rudolf Erich Mueller GMBH&CO KG – 100.0%

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

Net sales revenues Net financial income (profit/loss) Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets Total assets Equity

Description of innovative activity: According to the 5A System, the company ability of financing acquisition for innovative projects is very highly rated. The company assessment with 5A System is NNNNB. Company status: innovative company, member of the Aviation Valley

115

Information on selected innovative companies of the aviation sector

Sandvik Polska Sp. z o.o. Assessment with 5A System: CCNNN Place on the List of aviation sector: 62 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.sandvik.com Established in: 1974 Company size: medium Address: 02–665 Warszawa, 372 Wilanowska Str. Voivodship: Mazovian

2008

2009

5 118

4 720

8 672

6 081

1 457

Intangible assets

112

272

06 07 08 09 Net sales data 8 987 23 517 49 599 47 008 48 465 for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

Total assets

31 520 43 138 59 790 110 069 104 266 103 187

Equity

10 868

148.0

7 511

Capitalized value of R&D expenses

144.2

2007

204.9

2006

129.8

Net financial income (profit/loss)

2005

89 635 129 790 147 991 208 625 204 919 144 244

208.6

2004 Net sales revenues

89.6

Financial data (thousand PLN)

Type of business: trading Description of business activity: The Sandvik company is the world leader in production of lathe cutting and rotary tools, acid resistant and highly alloyed steel, electro-resistance materials, conveyor belts and special alloys. The company cooperates with the largest world manufacturers of some industries like i.e. auto industry, aviation, production of molds and dies, processing of small components and machinery industry. Shareholders: SANDVIK AB – 100.0%

SEGER Ozga, Mikuszewski Sp.j. Assessment with 5A System: NCNNC Place on the List of aviation sector: 59 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.seger.pl Established in: 1994 Company size: small Address: 38–124 Wiśniowa, 299 Wiśniowa Str. Voivodship: Subcarpathian

Net financial income (profit/loss)

2007

2008

2009

947

1 609

1 855

991

9 6 009

13.6

2006

10 172 15 212 14 730 13 567

14.7

2005

15.2

2004 Net sales revenues

10.2

Financial data (thousand PLN)

Type of business: trading Description of business activity: The company is specialized in sales of hand and grinding tools, cutting machines and devices, as well as its parts of the international and domestic manufacturers. The majority of cooperating producers holds the highest quality certificates i.e ISO 9001 and ISO 9002. Under the European contracts, the company executed the project of implementation and commissioning of the B2B platform, the aim of which is the optimization of business processes and flow of information in the company (project value is 565 thousand zlotys, subsidy value 331.5 thousand zlotys, commissioning of project execution – Septemeber 2009. Shareholders: Marek Krzysztof Mikuszewski – 33.33%, Beata Ozga – 33.33%, Wojciech Artur Ozga – 33.33%

Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets Total assets

5 079

7 323

5 870

Equity

2 147

3 109

1 620

06 07 08 09 Net sales data 1 620 for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

Description of innovative activity: According to the 5A System, the company level of process innovation and the ability of financing acquisition of the innovative projects are highly rated. The company assessment with 5A System is NCNNC. Company status: member of the Aviation Valley

116

Report on Innovativeness of the Aviation Sector in Poland in 2010

Siemens Sp. z o.o. Assessment with 5A System: BCNNN Place on the List of aviation sector: 21 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.siemens.pl Established in: 1991 Company size: large Address: 03–821 Warszawa, 11 Żupnicza Str. Voivodship: Mazovian

1517.6

1096.2

1038.9

1559.8

06 07 08 09 Net sales data for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

Financial data (thousand PLN)

2004 Net sales revenues Net financial income (profit/loss)

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2 008 466 1 965 218 1 559 847 1 038 923 1 096 218 1 517 609 119 765

207 702

2 456

95 909

29 831

113 529

81 057

Capitalized value of R&D expenses 1 604

3 154

2 606

2 839

Total assets

936 969 1 417 284

773 898

599 398

641 678

625 254

Equity

531 231

384 025

289 229

260 921

314 053

Intangible assets

606 438

Description of innovative activity: According to the 5A System, the company level of market innovation is very highly rated and that of market innovation is highly rated. The company assessment with 5A System is BCNNN. Company status: innovative company, member of the Aviation Valley

Technology Management Consultants – Poland Assessment with 5A System: NNNNC Place on the List of aviation sector: 100 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.tm-consultants.com

Address: 32–031 Włosań, 14 Kampinos Voivodship: Lesser Poland Type of business: trading Description of business activity: The company Technology Management Consultants – Poland provides consulting services in coating engineering and innovative technologies of special coatings and regeneration processes (micro-plasma PTA, laser). It carries research, development and implementation works. Now TMC Poland is a world recognized expert in laser and plasma surfacing, laser material processing, thermal spraying, spraying by Cold Spray method and anticorrosive layers for the aviation engines. TMC Poland is a representative of such companies as i.e. Aimtek/ Bay State, CFI, Deloro Stellite/ Hettiger, IPG Photonics, Laserline, Liburdi, Oxistop and Powdermet. Financial data (thousand PLN)

1965.2

2008.5

Type of business: trading Description of business activity: Siemens Sp. z o.o. is a part of the global corporation Siemens AG, the world leader in electrical engineering and electronics. The Polish branch of Siemens offers, among others, hardware platform for controlling of machine tools for different industries and technologies – SINUMERIK. The platform implements the concept of a complete provision of a machine with electrical equipment – from CNC control, through converter systems and servo motors for control switchboxes. Siemens Sp. z o.o. is a member of the Entrepreneurs Association i.e. the Aviation Valley. Shareholders: SIEMENS BETEILIGUNGEN INLAND GMBH – 100.0%

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

Net sales revenues Net financial income (profit/loss) Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets Total assets Equity

Description of innovative activity: According to the 5A System, the company ability of financing acquisition for innovative projects is highly rated. The company assessment with 5A System is NNNNC. Company status: member of the Aviation Valley

117

Information on selected innovative companies of the aviation sector

Thoni Alutec Sp. z o.o. Assessment with 5A System: CCNNN Place on the List of aviation sector: 43 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.alutec.pl Established in: 1998 Company size: large Address: 37–450 Stalowa Wola, 1 Przyszowska Str. Voivodship: Subcarpathian

2008

2009

Net financial income (profit/loss)

20 549 33 549 38 498 32 863 29 298

Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets

392

182.1

2007

198.1

2006

173.9

2005

68 257 113 368 173 947 198 096 182 059 113.4

2004 Net sales revenues

68.3

Financial data (thousand PLN)

Type of business: suppliers and subcontractors Description of business activity: The company Thoni Alutec is specialized in production of magnesium and aluminium alloy castings in sand forms and in gravity dies, both under thermal and mechanical processing. The company offers complete solutions, from the casting construction, through designing and execution of a model gear, casting process, thermal and mechanical processing and assembly of the executed elements. Shareholders: Thoni Lothar Rudolf – 100.0%

1 010

06 07 08 09 Net sales data 20 645 33 645 65 285 88 380 116 196 for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

Total assets

31 767 56 416 122 820 193 820 208 706

Equity

TUV NORD Polska Sp. z o.o. Assessment with 5A System: BBNNC Place on the List of aviation sector: 8 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.tuv-nord.pl Established in: 1995 Company size: medium Address: 40–085 Katowice, 29 Mickiewicza Str. Voivodship: Silesian

Net financial income (profit/loss) Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets

2007

2008

2009

2 770

2 784

2 488

2 953

26.6

2006

22 033 22 873 25 006 26 583

25.0

2005

22.9

2004 Net sales revenues

22.0

Financial data (thousand PLN)

Type of business: trading Description of business activity: The company TUV NORD POLSKA is active on the Polish market in a sector of quality acceptance, training, certification of quality systems and technical appliances. The company has now 9 regional offices, apart of the had office in Katowice, there are offices in Warszawa, Poznań, Bydgoszcz, Opole, Łódź, Gdańsk, Lublin, Rzeszów and Wrocław. Shareholders: TUV NÖRD INTERNATIONAL GmbH & CO.KG – 100.0%

292 344

Total assets

8 801

9 849

9 737 10 907

Equity

6 904

7 610

7 315

06 07 08 09 Net sales data 7 779 for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

Description of innovative activity: According to the 5A System, the company level of market and process innovation is very highly rated and that of company ability of financing acquisition of the innovative projects is highly rated. The company assessment with 5A System is BBNNC. Company status: member of the Aviation Valley

118

Report on Innovativeness of the Aviation Sector in Poland in 2010

TW Metals Polska Sp. z o.o. Assessment with 5A System: BCNNN Place on the List of aviation sector: 27 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.twmetals.com Established in: 2004 Company size: small Address: 36–060 Głogów Małopolski, 42C Rudna Mała Str. Voivodship: Subcarpathian

46.6

46.0

06 07 08 09 Net sales data for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

Financial data (thousand PLN)

44.8

34.9

Type of business: trading Description of business activity: The company TW Metals Polska is a part of the international corporation, a supplier of the aviation products for a number of the leading world carriers, including Northwest Airlines, Continental Airlines, Delta Airlines, United Airlines, Federal Express and US Airways. TW Metals is the leading supplier of aluminium bars for aeronautic producers and their subcontractors, stainless steel as well as nickel, titanium, and chromoly alloys. The company delivers different thin and thick wall tubes, sheets, rolls and wires, as well as special products (extruded aluminium, connecting, hinge pins, flexible storage tanks). Shareholders: TW Metals Limited – 100.0% 2004

2005

Net sales revenues

2006

2007

2008

2009

34 892 44 777 45 996 46 553

Net financial income (profit/loss)

2 982

4 303

4 076

1 711

Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets Total assets

17 554 20 532 23 906 18 316

Equity

2 988

7 291 11 367 13 079

ULTRATECH Sp. z o.o. ULTRATECH Ltd. Assessment with 5A System: NNNNA Place on the List of aviation sector: 69 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.ultratech.pl Established in: 2000 Company size: medium Address: 35–301 Rzeszów, 81 Morgowa Str. Voivodship: Subcarpathian

06 07 08 09 Net sales data for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

Financial data (thousand PLN)

5.7

2.8

6.0

Type of business: production of aircraft, engines and aviation components Description of business activity: The company ULTRATECH manufactures parts and subassemblies for the world aviation and power companies. It manufactures the products by machining of semi-products made from different grades of steel, aluminium and titanium. For that purpose, the digital (CNC) Japanese machining centres and CNC lathes are used. Besides, the company’s headquarter in Rzeszów, ULTRATECH also has the production plant in Sędziszów Młp. (area 2900 m2) and the blade polishing branch in Przeworsk (area 200 m2). ULTRATECH is a founder-member of the Aviation Valley cluster and from the very beginning of its life actively acts for its development. Shareholders: Władysław Lechman – 54.1%, Marek Bujny – 18.0%, Grzegorz Wiącek – 18.0% , Others – 9.9% 2004 Net sales revenues Net financial income (profit/loss)

2005

2006 2 766

2007 5 967

2008

2009

5 665

(215)

Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets Total assets

88 4 990

Equity

Description of innovative activity: According to the 5A System, the company ability of financing acquisition of the innovative projects is the highest one. The company assessment with 5A System is NNNNA. Company status: innovative company, member of the Aviation Valley

119

Information on selected innovative companies of the aviation sector

Unison Engine Components Poland Sp. z o.o. Assessment with 5A System: CNNNN Place on the List of aviation sector: 75 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.unisonenginecomponents.com Established in: 1991 Company size: medium Address: 58–200 Dzierżoniów, 50a Nowowiejska Str. Voivodship: Lower Silesian

2007

2008

2009

Net sales revenues

35 725 34 758 44 706 57 614

Net financial income (profit/loss)

(6 105)

2 573

9 391 (6 669)

Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets

277

Total assets

556

06 07 08 09 Net sales data 7 688 17 079 38 976 for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

37 813 45 364 46 510 47 811

Equity

5 114

57.6

2006

44.7

2005

34.8

2004

35.7

Financial data (thousand PLN)

Type of business: production of aircraft, engines and aviation components Description of business activity: The company Unison Engine Components Poland is specialized in production of precision parts for the aviation and motor industries (subassemblies for airplanes undercarriages BOEING, F16, DHC 8). The company has the CNC machining centres (milling machines and lathes). Shareholders: Paul Polo & Howard Miller – 52.0%, Jarosław Kaleciński – 48.0%

Description of innovative activity: According to the 5A System, the company level of market innovation is highly rated. The company assessment with 5A System is CNNNN.

VAC AERO KALISZ Sp. z o.o. Assessment with 5A System: BCNNB Place on the List of aviation sector: 7 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.vacaero.com.pl Established in: 2003 Company size: medium Address: 62–800 Kalisz, 8 Elektryczna Str. Voivodship: Greater Poland

2007

2008

2009

Net sales revenues

4 807

6 493

9 644 10 399

Net financial income (profit/loss)

1 131

1 391

3 280

3 254

126

Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets

10.4

2006

9.6

2005

6.5

2004

4.8

Financial data (thousand PLN)

Type of business: suppliers and subcontractors Description of business activity: The company VAC AERO KALISZ Sp. z o.o. is specialized in service activities in the field of aviation special processes such as air heat treatment and hard soldering in a vacuum, vacuum carburizing and special coating (plasma spraying, HVOF, organic and inorganic protective coating). Shareholders: VAC AERO INTERNATIONAL – 100.0%

Total assets

5 474

5 722

9 907 12 277

Equity

3 814

5 205

8 451 10 205 for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

06 07 08 Net sales data

Description of innovative activity: According to the 5A System, the company level of market innovation is very highly rated, the company level of market innovation is highly rated and the company ability of financing acquisition of the innovative projects is very highly rated. The company assessment with 5A System is BCNNB. Company status: member of the Aviation Valley

120

Report on Innovativeness of the Aviation Sector in Poland in 2010

WALDREX S.C. Firma Projektowo-Usługowa Assessment with 5A System: CNNNC Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed Place on the List of aviation sector: 70

www.waldrex.pl Established in: 1998 Company size: medium Address: 39–300 Mielec, 9 Wojska Polskiego Str. Voivodship: Subcarpathian

Financial data (thousand PLN)

Type of business: suppliers and subcontractors Description of business activity: The company Waldrex is a manufacturer of measuring instruments, injection molds, pressure coating dies, stamping dies, wax molds and tooling for aircraft industry. It has the versatile equipped design office, tool room equipped with a modern stock of machines and the plastics processing. Shareholders: Waldemar Babula – 50.0%, Dariusz Knap – 50.0% 2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

Net sales revenues Net financial income (profit/loss) Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets Total assets Equity

Description of innovative activity: According to the 5A System, the company level of market innovation is highly rated. It has also the high ability of financing acquisition of the innovating projects. The company assessment with 5A System is CNNNC. Company status: member of the Aviation Valley

Warsaw Airport Services Sp. z o.o. Warsaw Airport Services Ltd. Assessment with 5A System: CNNNN Place on the List of aviation sector: 77 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.was-handling.pl

Address: 00–906 Warszawa, 1 Żwirki i Wigury Av. Voivodship: Mazovian

06 07 08 09 Net sales data for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

Financial data (thousand PLN)

64.1

53.1

47.9

35.8

38.5

34.6

Type of business: ground service agents Description of business activity: The company Warsaw Airport Services Sp. z o.o. (WAS) is a handling agent providing comprehensive services for the air carriers operating of the F. Chopin International Airport in Warsaw and in the Rzeszów-Jasionka Airport. Services of the airport information and call center are provided at the John Paul II International Airport Kraków-Balice. The company provides services in the General Aviation Terminal in the field of ground handling of passengers and their luggage, ground handling of aircraft, coordination of air operations, de-icing of aircraft, airport information and handling of private flights in the General Aviation Terminal. Shareholders: Przedsiębiorstwo Państwowe Porty Lotnicze – 100.0% 2004 Net sales revenues Net financial income (profit/loss)

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

34 628 35 825 38 498 47 874 53 108 64 139 2 230 (1 120)

954

3 842 (3 889)

2 637

Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets Total assets

36 737 37 294 28 672 31 376 31 945 38 824

Equity

12 220 11 800 12 754 16 596 12 783 16 623

Description of innovative activity: According to the 5A System, the company level of market innovation is highly rated. The company assessment with 5A System is CNNNN.

121

Information on selected innovative companies of the aviation sector

Wentworth Tech. Sp. z o.o. Assessment with 5A System: CCNNN Place on the List of aviation sector: 47 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.wt.com.pl Established in: 2001 Company size: large Address: 24–320 Poniatowa, 19 Przemysłowa Str. Voivodship: Lublin

2005 05

2006

2007

Net financial income (profit/loss) Capitalized value of R&D expenses

2008 08

2009

50.7

2004 Net sales revenues

16 025

50 722

381

11 986

16.0

Financial data (thousand PLN)

Type of business: suppliers and subcontractors Description of business activity: Wentworth Tech. Sp. z o.o. is a production company which is specialized in plastics processing, and in production of injection molds for plastics processing. The company makes injection and blow molds, dies and binders. It produces cylinder bushes and engine heads for diesel locomotives, as well as boxes for electrical switchboards. The company has its own Design Office and Tool- Rooms. It is a member of the Aviation Valley. Shareholders: Wentworth Tech Inc. – 100.0%

Intangible assets 06 07 08 09 Net sales data 47 348 for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

Total assets

Equity

2 689

Description of innovative activity: According to the 5A System, the company level of market and process innovation is highly rated. The company assessment with 5A System is CCNNN.

White Eagle Aviation WEA S.A. Assessment with 5A System: CCNNN Place on the List of aviation sector: 46 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.whiteeagle.com.pl Established in: 1998 Company size: medium Address: 02–675 Warszawa, 18 Wołoska Str. Voivodship: Mazovian

1 131

372

3 498 (11 406) (10 712)

2009 1 636 8 214

Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets Total assets Equity

1.6

2008

39.6

2007

52.5

2006

12.6

Net financial income (profit/loss)

2005

33 358 31 115 52 544 39 625 12 612

31.1

2004 Net sales revenues

33.4

Financial data (thousand PLN)

Type of business: air transport Description of business activity: The company WHITE EAGLE AVIATION WEA S.A. is a Polish airline which is specialized in the charter flights and cargo services. The WEA basic airport is the Warszawa-Okęcie airport. The airlines were established in 1992 and the regulars connections were commissioned in 1993. Two years later the airline moved its base to the Okęcie airport and initiated the regular flights for the United Parcel Service. Now the main job of the White Eagle Aviation is air transport (also at the territory of Great Britain), organization of charter flights and cargo transport. Shareholders: Katarzyna Frank-Niemczycka – 51.57%, TUI AG – 29.3%, Zbigniew Niemczycki – 19.13%

06 07 08 09 Net sales data (7 466) (4 983) (1 484) (12891) (20 252) (13 750) for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

36 142 24 594 19 221 13 370

8 698

1 918

Description of innovative activity: According to the 5A System, the company level of market and process innovation is highly rated. The company assessment with 5A System is CCNNN.

122

Report on Innovativeness of the Aviation Sector in Poland in 2010

Wojskowe Zakłady Lotnicze Nr 1 S.A.

Military Aviation Works No. 1

Assessment with 5A System: CNNNN Place on the List of aviation sector: 72 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.wzl1.mil.pl Established in: 1944 Company size: large Address: 93–465 Łódź, 119 Dubois Str. Voivodship: Lodz

06 07 08 09 Net sales data for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

2004

2005

Net sales revenues

2006

2007

2008

2009

684 405 893 174 126 167

Net financial income (profit/loss)

98 702 10 117 15 037

Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets Total assets

70 029 130 072 104 436

Equity

31 767 39 046 519 445

Description of innovative activity: According to the 5A System, the company level of market innovation is highly rated. The company assessment with 5A System is CNNNN.

Wojskowe Zakłady Lotnicze Nr 2 S.A.

Military Aviation Depot No. 2

Assessment with 5A System: CNNNC Place on the List of aviation sector: 71 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.wzl2.mil.pl Established in: 1957 Company size: large Address: 85–915 Bydgoszcz, 107 Szubińska Str. Voivodship: Kuyavian-Pomeranian

Type of business: repair and maintenenance of aircraft Description of business activity: Military Aviation Depot No. 2 specializes in aircraft repair and overhaul. WZL-2 S.A. offers comprehensive overhauls and modernization of military aircraft such as MiG-29, Su-22 and TS-11 Iskra, repair and maintenance of civil aircraft, painting of military and civil aircraft, as well as motor vehicles. Besides, the works offer a wide range of production services. During over 60 years of activity, all types of combat aircraft used in the Polish aviation such as MiG-15, MiG-17, UT MiG-15, Lim-1, Lim-2, SB Lim-2, TS-11, Su-22 and MiG-29 were overhauled in the WZL-2. Shareholders: Skarb Państwa – 100.0% Financial data (thousand PLN)

Financial data (thousand PLN)

126.2

893.2

684.4

Type of business: repair and maintenenance of aircraft Description of business activity: Military Aviation Works No 1 in Łódź is one of the leading aviation companies with over 60 years of tradition. The company secured its position on the local, domestic and international market owing to its untypical activity covering overhauls, maintenance and modernization of Mi-2, Mi-8, Mi-14, Mi-17, Mi-24, as well as Kaman SH-2G helicopters. MAValso specializes in services in the range of galvanic coating, metrology and machining. Shareholders: Skarb Państwa – 100.0%

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

Net sales revenues Net financial income (profit/loss) Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets Total assets Equity

Description of innovative activity: According to the 5A System, the company level of market innovation, as well as the company level of financing acquisition of the innovative projects are highly rated. The company assessment with 5A System is CNNNC.

123

Information on selected innovative companies of the aviation sector

Wojskowe Zakłady Lotnicze Nr 4 S.A.

Military Aircraft Works No. 4

Assessment with 5A System: CNNNN Place on the List of aviation sector: 85 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.wzl4.mil.pl Established in: 1957 Company size: large

Address: 01–452 Warszawa, 1/3 Ks. Bolesława Str. Voivodship: Mazovian

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

85 439 68 584

68.6

2004 Net sales revenues

85.4

Financial data (thousand PLN)

Type of business: repair and maintenenance of aircraft Description of business activity: Military Aircraft Works No. 4 has been specialized in overhauls of turbine engines for over 50 years. WZL-4 overhauls and improves airplane and helicopter engines, as well as auxiliary turbine power units. The company has its own test cell. In the modern WZL-4 test cell, tests of the present aircraft engines (civil and military)can be made. The test cell meets all requirements referring to the service organization in accordance with PART-145. Shareholders: Skarb Państwa – 100.0%

Net financial income (profit/loss) Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets 04

06 07 08 09 Net sales data for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

Total assets Equity

Description of innovative activity: According to the 5A System, the company level of market innovation is highly rated. The company assessment with 5A System is CNNNNN.

WSK-Tomaszów Lubelski Sp. z o.o. WSK-Tomaszów Lubelski Ltd. Assessment with 5A System: NCNNC Place on the List of aviation sector: 84 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.wsk-tomlub.home.pl Company size: medium Address: 22–600 Tomaszów Lubelski, 1 Łaszczowiecka Str. Voivodship: Lublin

2006

2007

2008

2009

7 352

7 312

6 355

141

Total assets

5 235

5 116

4 690

Equity

2 666

2 807

Net financial income (profit/loss)

6.4

2005

7.3

2004 Net sales revenues

7.4

Financial data (thousand PLN)

Type of business: suppliers and subcontractors Description of business activity: The company WSK-Tomaszów Lubelski Sp. z o.o. is a recognized manufacturer of complex and precision components such as i.e. OO rings, hubs, bushings, housing, levels, bolts, nuts, pins, OO fittings used in aviation, machine, power and automotive industry, OO friction clutches for Polish vehicles such as JELCZ, STAR, AUTOSAN, clutch discs for foreign vehicles such as MAN, Mercedes, Renault, VOLVO, SCANIA and injection angle mover for diesel engine 4CT 90 – ANDORIA; OO technological equipment, The following processes are used in production i.e. machining (turning, grinding, drilling), metal forming (rolling, cutting, stamping), cold forming (anchor bolts for aviation), heat treatment.

Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets 04

06 07 08 09 Net sales data 2 700 for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

Description of innovative activity: According to the 5A System, the company level of process innovation as well as the ability of financing acquisition of the innovative projects are highly rated. The company assessment with 5A System is NCNNC. Company status: member of the Aviation Valley

124

Report on Innovativeness of the Aviation Sector in Poland in 2010

Wytwórnia Sprzętu Komunikacyjnego PZL-Kalisz S.A. Assessment with 5A System: ACACN Place on the List of aviation sector: 2 Place on the 500’2009 List: 107

www.wsk.kalisz.pl Established in: 2004 Company size: large Address: 62–800 Kalisz, 140 Częstochowska Str. Voivodship: Greater Poland

58.4

58.2 05

06 07 08 09 Net sales data for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

Financial data (thousand PLN)

65.1

66.7

58.1

65.2

Type of business: production of aircraft, engines and aviation components Description of business activity: The company Wytwórnia Sprzętu Komunikacyjnego PZL-Kalisz S.A. is a manfacturer of aircraft engines. The company manufactures, among others, piston aircraft engines ASz-62 IR for the An-2 and M-18 Dromader airplanes and the engines AI-14R for the PZL-101 Gawron and PZL-104 Wilga airplanes. PZL-Kalisz S.A. develops the cooperation with such known companies as e.g. General Electric Transportation Systems, Allison Transmission, Turbomeca, Sulzer Textil Szwajcaria and Pratt Whitney Kalisz. A part of the production of WSK PZL-Kalisz S.A. is destined for the military aviation. Shareholders: Agencja Rozwoju Przemysłu S.A. – 75.45%, pracownicy – 11.59%, Others – 12.96% 2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

Net sales revenues

58 115 65 174 66 735 58 202 58 352 65 149

Net financial income (profit/loss)

(1 839)

252

2 056

958

306

974

11 850 14 878 20 638

Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets

155 (2 971)

15 377 18 021 23 414

Total assets

87 607 93 038 106 442 120 980 122 997 124 378

Equity

67 301 67 553 67 859 77 874 74 903 75 877

Description of innovative activity: According to the 5A System, the company level of market innovation has the highest rating, the level of process innovation is highly rated and the investment on innovative activity is at the highest level. The company ability for patenting of its solutions is highly rated. The company assessment with 5A System is ACACN. Company status: innovative company, investor in research and development

Wytwórnia Sprzętu Komunikacyjnego PZL-Krosno S.A. Assessment with 5A System: CNCNN Place on the List of aviation sector: 49 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.wsk-krosno.pl Established in: 1945 Company size: medium Address: 38–400 Krosno, 6 Żwirki i Wigury Av. Voivodship: Subcarpathian

10.0

20.3

25.6

23.0

06 07 08 09 Net sales data for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

Financial data (thousand PLN)

15.0

21.1

Type of business: production of aircraft, engines and aviation components Description of business activity: The company Wytwórnia Sprzętu Komunikacyjnego PZL-Krosno S.A. is a manufacturer of devices for collection, transportation, cooling and storing of liquid food products (about 75% of production), as well as parts and components for the aviation industry (25% of production). Production for the aviation industry includes parts of aircraft undercarriages, bended elements from sheet metals for making wings, horizontal and vertical tail-plane of airplane, grates of the M-18 aircraft, gas exhausts, heat pipes and different elements of steam turbines, as well as production of assembly and supportive equipment. WSK PZL-Krosno S.A. has its own design office and laboratories. They are equipped with necessary machines and appliances for special production for refrigeration and aviation industries. 2004 Net sales revenues Net financial income (profit/loss)

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

21 072 14 962 23 037 25 623 20 347 10 033 108

113

541

Capitalized value of R&D expenses

Intangible assets

(466) (2 912) 62 9

Total assets

16 983 17 289 22 865 19 942 18 465 13 624

Equity

12 507 12 620 13 160 13 174 11 976

9 064

Description of innovative activity: According to the 5A System, the company level of market innovation is highly rated. Spending on innovative activity is also highly rated. The company assessment with 5A System is CNCNN. Company status: innovative company, member of the Aviation Valley, investor in research and development

125

Information on selected innovative companies of the aviation sector

Wytwórnia Sprzętu Komunikacyjnego PZL-Rzeszów S.A. Assessment with 5A System: BNNNA Place on the List of aviation sector: 6 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.wskrz.com Established in: 1938 Company size: large Address: 35–078 Rzeszów, 120 Hetmańska Str. Voivodship: Subcarpathian

2008

2009

Net financial income (profit/loss)

(49 178) (33 384)

11 605 (88 590) 44 370

770.5

2007

574 483 655 775 770 539

655.8

2006

574.5

2005

509 251 480 023

480.0

2004 Net sales revenues

509.3

Financial data (thousand PLN)

Type of business: production of aircraft, engines and aviation components Description of business activity: Wytwórnia Sprzętu Komunikacyjnego PZL-Rzeszów S.A. is a company dealing with production of aircraft components and complete drive units. The aviation components include such products as compressors hulls, combustion chambers, diffusers, outlets, compressor and turbine blades, gears, rollers, yokes, discs, shells, hulls, aviation and industrial blades, steering apparatus, components of fuel equipment, turbine and compressor rotors. The company also manufactures jet, turbosaft and turboprop aircraft engines. The company has its own design office. Shareholders: UNITED TECHNOLOGIES HOLDINGS SAS – 99.9%, Skarb Państwa – 0.1%

Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets

7 449

10 561 10 222 10 285

Total assets

563 335 566 164

4 113

758 358 794 604 835 205

Equity

278 729 240 821

06 07 08 09 Net sales data 293 230 85 088 255 378 for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

Description of innovative activity: According to the 5A System, the company level of market innovation is very highly rated and the company ability of financing acquisition of the innovative projects is the highest one. The company assessment with 5A System is BNNNA. Company status: innovative company, member of the Aviation Valley, investor in research and development, patenting company

Wytwórnia Sprzętu Komunikacyjnego PZL-Świdnik S.A. Assessment with 5A System: CNBNA Place on the List of aviation sector: 7 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.pzl.swidnik.pl Established in: 1953 Company size: large Address: 21–045 Świdnik, 1 Lotników Polskich Str. Voivodship: Lublin

6 990

955

1 250

2 056

958

4 175 (13 346) (118 663) 2 161

Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets

2009

402.7

2008

471.0

2007

368.4

2006

325.1

Net financial income (profit/loss)

2005

237 950 316 495 325 089 368 448 471 042 402 722

316.5

2004 Net sales revenues

238.0

Financial data (thousand PLN)

Type of business: production of aircraft, engines and aviation components Description of business activity: The company Wytwórnia Sprzętu Komunikacyjnego PZL-Świdnik S.A. is a manufacturer producing helicopters and components for the aviation industry. The main product of the company is now PZL-Sokół helicopter. The company also manufactures aircraft structure such as hulls and hull components, centro-buoys, door mechanisms, rudders, fireproof covering, for such companies as Aerospatiale, Eurocopter, Agusta, Latecoere, Dassault, Ratier-Figeac, Snecma and Boeing. The company also offers a wide range of the production services including machining, covering treatment (e.g. chromic acid anodizing of parts and aluminium structures), welded constructions, bonding of metals and composites, as well as forging. Shareholders: AUGUSTAWESTLAND NV – 93.88%, Others – 6.12%

2 224

1 514

3 095 04

06 07 08 Net sales data

Total assets

451 082 521 911 538 341 631 006 691 741 533 535

Equity

313 922 315 541 315 469 318 294 316 441 66 748 for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

Description of innovative activity: According to the 5A System, the company level of market innovation is highly rated, the investment on innovative activity is very highly rated and the company ability of financing acquisition of the innovative projects has the highest rating. The company assessment with 5A System is CNBNA. Company status: innovative company, member of the Aviation Valley, investor in research and development, patenting company

126

Report on Innovativeness of the Aviation Sector in Poland in 2010

Wytwórnia Sprzętu Komunikacyjnego PZL-Warszawa II S.A. Assessment with 5A System: NCBNC Place on the List of aviation sector: 9 Place on the 500’2009 List: 308

www.pzl.com.pl Established in: 1952 Company size: large Address: 03–840 Warszawa, 306/310 Grochowska Str. Voivodship: Mazovian

28.3

46.8

38.8

35.7

06 07 08 09 Net sales data for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

Financial data (thousand PLN)

31.5

22.1

Type of business: production of aircraft, engines and aviation components Description of business activity: The company Wytwórnia Sprzętu Komunikacyjnego PZL-Warszawa II S.A. manufactures the aviation equipment, including pilotage and navigational instruments for airplanes, helicopters and gliders, electromechanical devices, automatic and on-board installation devices, oxygen equipment, and pilot’s safety equipment. The company also manufactures laser battlefield simulators, control systems and autopilots for ships, electromagnetic valves for industrial installations and aluminium alloys pressure castings. Shareholders: Bumar Sp. z o.o. – 78.9%, Others – 21.1% 2004 Net sales revenues Net financial income (profit/loss)

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

22 074 31 453 35 713 38 834 46 804 28 278 1 669

2 752

1 384

Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets

218

271

261

1 413

526

263

1 481

535

263

Total assets

54 053 56 130 71 273 65 699 66 285 64 660

Equity

15 617 23 921 29 305 27 603 27 470 27 731

Description of innovative activity: According to the 5A System, the company level of process innovation is very highly rated, investment on innovative activity is very highly rated and the company ability of financing acquisition of the innovative projects is highly rated. The company assessment with 5A System is NCBNC. Company status: innovative company, investor in research and development, member of the Aviation Valley.

Wytwórnia Zespołów Kooperacyjnych Sp. z o.o.

WSK Sp. z o.o. (LLC)

Assessment with 5A System: BCNNN Place on the List of aviation sector: 34 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.wzk.com.pl Established in: 1994 Company size: small Address: 39–300 Mielec, 3 Wojska Polskiego Str. Voivodship: Subcarpathian

06 07 08 09 Net sales data for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

Financial data (thousand PLN)

6.3

4.5

8.0

Type of business: production of aircraft, engines and aviation components Description of business activity: The company Wytwórnia Zespołów Kooperacyjnych Sp. z o.o. is specialized in production of the passenger aircraft doors and hatches made of light metals, as well as in production of the precision parts made by machining method for the main manufacturers of aircraft of the aviation industry. Shareholders: Andrzej Surmacz – 50.0%, Bogdan Bańko – 50.0% 2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

Net sales revenues

8 018

4 517

6 292

Net financial income (profit/loss)

3 876

1 173

1 004

Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets Total assets

16 306 15 171 14 954

Equity

15 888 14 455 14 286

Description of innovative activity: According to the 5A System, the company level of market innovation is very highly rated and that of process innovation is highly rated. Company status: innovative company, member of the Aviation Valley

127

Information on selected innovative companies of the aviation sector

Zakład Artykułów Ściernych ARMES Assessment with 5A System: CCNNN Place on the List of aviation sector: 58 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed Type of business: suppliers and subcontractors

www.armes.com.pl Established in: 1996 Company size: medium Address: 37–400 Nisko, 4 Nowa Boczna Str. Voivodship: Subcarpathian

2007

2008

2009

Net financial income (profit/loss)

1 876

(160)

748

15.6

2006

17 132 16 132 16 783 15 648

16.8

2005

16.1

2004 Net sales revenues

17.1

Financial data (thousand PLN)

Type of business: suppliers and subcontractors Description of business activity: The main activity subject of the company ZAS Armes is a production of the abrasive materials, which are used in many industries. The products are made of the supreme raw materials of the German company Starcke GmbH & Co. KG., of which ARMES is the general representative in Poland. The company exports its products to Finland, Ukraine, Denmark, Portugal, Germany, Great Britain and Belarus. Shareholders: Sławomir Zadrużniak – 100.0%

480

Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets Total assets

06 07 08 09 Net sales data 6 446 for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

13 846 12 426 12 257 11 263

Equity

5 791

5 345

6 077

Zakład Kuźnia Matrycowa Sp. z o.o. Assessment with 5A System: CNNNC Place on the List of aviation sector: 65 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.zkmsw.pl Established in: 1994 Company size: large Address: 37–450 Stalowa Wola, 54 Władysława Grabskiego Str. Voivodship: Subcarpathian

2009

(1 545) (1 642)

4 260

2 036

937

700

163.5

2008

151.0

2007

134.8

2006

8 416 (5 847)

84.3

Net financial income (profit/loss)

2005

139 204 151 918 134 780 151 033 163 499 84 316

151.9

2004 Net sales revenues

139.2

Financial data (thousand PLN)

Type of business: suppliers and subcontractors Description of business activity: The company is a manufacturer of steel die forgings of unit mass of 0.5÷300 kg. It performs forging of the carbon steel die forgings and alloy forgings according to world standards DIN, BS, ASTM or customer specification. The company has two forging sections i.e. hammer and press, heat treatment section equipped with electric ovens which can make annealing, normalization and heat upgrading of the forgings. The company has its own room-tool, which makes the forming installation for its own production and for services. Now the company production capacity is 32.000 per year. Shareholders: Ladish Co., Inc. – 90.07%, Others – 9.93%

Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets Total assets Equity

979

809

06 07 08 09 Net sales data 37 498 35 856 40 115 40 485 50 451 44 604 for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

83 403 82 215 104 439 111 540 117 351 96 453

Description of innovative activity: According to the 5A System, the company level of market innovation, as well as that of financing acquisition of the innovative projects is highly rated. The company assessment with 5A System is CNNNC. Company status: innovative company, member of the Aviation Valley

128

Report on Innovativeness of the Aviation Sector in Poland in 2010

Zakład Metalurgiczny WSK Rzeszów Sp. z o.o. Assessment with 5A System: CNBNN Place on the List of aviation sector: 19 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.zmwskrz.com Established in: 2004 Company size: large Address: 35–078 Rzeszów, 120 Hetmańska Str. Voivodship: Subcarpathian

122.9

187.9

177.9

06 07 08 09 Net sales data for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

Financial data (thousand PLN)

159.3

177.9

Type of business: suppliers and subcontractors Description of business activity: The company Przedsiębiorstwo Zakład Metalurgiczny WSK Rzeszów Sp. z o.o. is a manufacturer of metal components for different industries. It manufactures in two separate divisions the iron and aluminium castings and forgings. The company also has the Machining Department and the Pattern Shop. ZM has the large, well equipped manufacturing department of the instrumentation. It is made of steel, cast iron, aluminium alloy, plastic, wood and rubber. Most of the machines are controlled by the CAD/CAM system. The company also provides services of the foundry process designing. Shareholders: METCAP Sp. z o.o. – 100.0% 2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

Net sales revenues

177 852 159 280 177 903 187 862 122 897

Net financial income (profit/loss)

(10 225) (9 339)

Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets

4 490

Total assets

3 405 (14 155) (4 635) 1 036

2 694

2 696

4 130

4 901

3 281

128 783 123 549 148 471 157 405 135 286

Equity

79 825 70 486 73 890 59 735 55 100

Description of innovative activity: According to the 5A System, the company level of market innovation is highly rated and the level of investment on innovation activity is very highly rated. The company assessment with 5A System is CNBNN. Company status: innovative company, member of the Aviation Valley, investor in research and development

Zakład Narzędziowy w Świdniku Sp. z o.o.

The Toolmaking Factory in Świdnik Ltd.

Assessment with 5A System: CNNNN Place on the List of aviation sector: 83 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.zn.swidnik.pl Established in: 1995 Company size: large Address: 21–045 Świdnik, 16 Narzędziowa Str. Voivodship: Lublin

17.1

19.3

19.7

19.1

06 07 08 09 Net sales data for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

Financial data (thousand PLN)

17.9

16.7

Type of business: suppliers and subcontractors Description of business activity: The company Zakład Narzędziowy in Świdnik is specialized in a production of the metal components for different industries, including , first of all, the aviation industry. It is specialized in production of the injection molds, specialist cutting tools and all kinds of instruments and machining tools. The company cooperates with the large corporations of the aviation industry i.e. Snecma Moteurs France, Fokker Aerostructures, Fokker Special Products, Volvo Aero Norge. Shareholders: Skarb Państwa – 31.08%, PZL Inwest Sp. z o.o. – 30.72%, WSK PZL-Świdnik S.A. – 20.94%, Others – 17.26% 2004 Net sales revenues Net financial income (profit/loss)

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

16 687 17 882 19 103 19 653 19 320 17 106 73

(120)

97 (2 012)

Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets Total assets Equity

51 10 156 12 329 13 409 14 850 14 008 15 546 5 703

6 560

6 440

6 461

6 181

4 169

129

Information on selected innovative companies of the aviation sector

Zakład Narzędziowy ZELNAR Sp. z o.o.

ZELNAR Tooling Production Plant

Assessment with 5A System: CCNNA Place on the List of aviation sector: 28 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.zelnar.com.pl Established in: 1996 Company size: medium Address: 35–016 Rzeszów, 19 Hoffmanowej 1Str. Voivodship: Subcarpathian

2008

2009

514

752

3 246

813

345

157 04

18.6

Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets

13.3

2007

14.3

2006

17.3

Net financial income (profit/loss)

2005

16 458 17 257 18 586 20 218 14 301 13 310

20.2

2004 Net sales revenues

16.5

Financial data (thousand PLN)

Type of business: suppliers and subcontractors Description of business activity: Zakład Narzędziowy ZELNAR Sp. z o.o. is a manufacturing plant established and operating beside the company Zelmer S.A. ZELNAR manufactures technologically advanced tools for the industry. The company manufactures a wide range of products, and also provides service activity. In particular, it produces, modernizes and regenerates appliances and technological tools for i.e. molds for plastics processing, stamping, blanking, metal pressure molding special tools and machining tools. Shareholders: Jerzy Krzysztof Siwek – 65.93%, Others – 34.06%

06 07 08 09 Net sales data 6 962 10 208 11 021 11 366 for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

Total assets

9 536

9 344 12 636 15 204 14 245 17 499

Equity

4 980

5 494

Description of innovative activity: According to the 5A methodoogy, the company market and process innovation is highly rated, whereas its ability of finncing acquisition of innovative projects has he highest rating. The company assessment with 5A System is CCNNA. Company status: member of the Aviation Valley

Zakłady Lotnicze Margański&Mysłowski Sp. z o.o. Assessment with 5A System: CNBNA Place on the List of aviation sector: 4 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.marganski.pl Established in: 2002 Company size: small Address: 43–300 Bielsko Biała, 60 Strażacka Str. Voivodship: Silesian

2006

Net financial income (profit/loss)

2007 223

(24 589) (18 534)

7 111

Total assets Equity

2009 9

(768) (1 214) (2 108)

Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets

2008

598

340

170

351

301

11 486 12 316 14 604 2 709

4 794

0.00

2005

0.01

2004 Net sales revenues

0.22

Financial data (thousand PLN)

Type of business: production of aircraft, engines and aviation components Description of business activity: The history of the company dates back to 1986, when the company Margański&Mysłowski Zakłady Lotnicze was established. At the beginning, the company dealt with the inspection and repair of gliders. Then the company began to design and build aircraft. Now the company is the manufacturer of the twin engine EM-11 Orka airplane and the two-seater MDM-1 FOX and MDM-1 FOX P. gliders. In 2002 the rotor prototype of the wind power plant with the 1.2 MW output was built according to the order of ENECO company. In cooperation with ROTHENSEER ROTORBLATTFERTIGUNG GmbH, the company makes supporting elements for the construction of the wind power plants rotor blades. Shareholders: Włodzimierz Mysłowski – 43.0%, Edward Margański – 30.4%, Grzegorz Mysłowski – 13.6%, Others – 13.0%

06 07 08 Net sales data

4 586 for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN Description of innovative activity: According to the 5A System, the company level of market innovation is highly rated, the level of investment on innovation activity is very highly rated and the company ability of financing acquisition of the innovative projects is at the highest level. The company assessment with 5A System is CNBNA. Company status: innovative company, member of the Aviation Valley, investor in research and development

130

Report on Innovativeness of the Aviation Sector in Poland in 2010

Zakłady Mechaniczne RUFUS Sp. z o.o.

RUFUS Mechanical Works Ltd.

Assessment with 5A System: CCNNN Place on the List of aviation sector: 45 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.rufus.com.pl Established in: 2004 Company size: medium Address: 39–200 Dębica, 272 Świętosława Str. Voivodship: Subcarpathian

15.4

23.4

06 07 08 09 Net sales data for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

Financial data (thousand PLN)

23.2

23.9

Type of business: suppliers and subcontractors Description of business activity: RUFUS Mechanical Works Ltd. is a production company, which delivers products and services for the tire industry and for the mining, motor, military, metallurgical and aviation industry. The company is the manufacturer of high quality parts for the civil and military aircrafts, mechanical subassemblies, transport technology systems, hydraulic high pressure pipes, control systems, containers, as well as special machines and appliances with a high degree of complexity. The company also carries out current and emergency repairs, as well as modernization of machines and technology equipment. Shareholders: Grzegorz Roman Wilk – 99.49%, Ewa Wilk – 0.51% 2004

2005

Net sales revenues

2006

2007

2008

2009

23 907 23 244 23 433 15 424

Net financial income (profit/loss)

1 926

525

445

732

Intangible assets

16 102 12 532

8 970

8 067

Total assets

34 095 32 548 26 891 23 818

Equity

23 663 24 188 23 522 20 514

Capitalized value of R&D expenses

ZPTS PZL-Mielec Sp. z o.o. Assessment with 5A System: CBNNN Place on the List of aviation sector: 29 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.zptsz.ptc.pl Company size: medium Address: 39–300 Mielec, 3 Wojska Polskiego Str. Voivodship: Subcarpathian

10.4

11.4

12.9

13.8

06 07 08 09 Net sales data for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

Financial data (thousand PLN)

12.1

12.5

Type of business: production of aircraft, engines and aviation components Description of business activity: The company is a main suppllier of plastics and composite components for the PZL-Mielec. ZPTS is the manufacturer of composite parts and metal elements hardened in high temperatures for the Hawker 800 XP aircraft in cooperation with PZL-Mielec. The company is the certified supplier of such companies as BAE SYSTEMS-GB, RAYTHEON-USA and ECI-USA. The ZPTS company is also specialized in production of composite parts for the railway and motor industry. It makes front panels of railway rolling stock, exterior panels, elements of interior modular construction, sanitary cabins, exterior coatings of utility cars, bumpers, flaps for luggage boots, dummies and wheel archers. Shareholders: Sobiesław ZASADA S.A. – 70.87%, Others – 23% 2004 Net sales revenues Net financial income (profit/loss)

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

12 510 12 062 13 764 12 862 11 440 10 392 2 322

1 824

2 206

1 845

1 422

1 541

Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets Total assets Equity

10 711 11 420 11 237 11 564 8 500

10 367 10 289 10 830

Description of innovative activity: According to the 5A System, the company level of market innovation is highly rated that of process innovation is very highly rated. The company assessment with 5A System is CBNNN. Company status: member of the Aviation Valley

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Explanation to description of innovative companies in the aviation sector

Explanation to description of innovative companies in the aviation sector Description card of an innovative company ABC Sp. z o.o. ABC Ltd.

Assessment with 5A system: CCNNC Place on the List of aviation sector: 4 Place on the 500’2009 List: not listed

www.abc.pl Established: 2000 Company size: large

Address: 30–341 Warsaw, 110 Drogowa Str. Voivodship: Mazovian

4 5

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

3 839

7 715

Net financial income (profit/loss)

–137

889

7.71

2004 Net sales revenues

Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets

06 07 08 09 Net sales data 8 062 for the 2004–2009 period in mln PLN

Total assets

7 259 10 895

Equity

6 794

3.84

Financial data (thousand PLN)

Type of business: production of aircraft, engines and aircraft components Description of business activity: The ABC company makes components for the aviation industry and for gas turbines. The company offers services of turning, milling, threading and spark machining. It has the machinery park consisting of modern, digitally controlled machines, on which a team of experienced staff is working. Shareholders: Kreisler Manufacturing Corporation – 100%

Description of innovative activity: According to the 5A system, the company level of market and process innovation is highly rated. Also the company ability of financing acquisition is highly rated. The company assessment with 5A system is CCNNC. Company status: innovation company, company listed on Stock Exchange, member of the Aviation Valley, investor in research and development, patenting company

Explanation 1. Basic information about the company Name of company, Website, Year of establishment – specifies the year of establishment, Company size – assessment of the company size according to the employment criterion i.e. if the latest available employment in the period 2004–2009 was in the range of <1;49> – SMALL company, <50;249> – MEDIUM company, above 250 – LARGE company; blank field, if there was a lack of data on employment, Company address (code, town, number, street, voivodship), Type of business – separate sector according to five symbols of the NACE based Polish Classification of Activities ’2007, assorted by expert method, definition of sectors in the table on page no 78, Description of business activity – short description of basic activity of the company, Shareholders – information on the majority shareholders or the shareholders of the company, 2. Place of company in the rankings Assessment with 5A System – evaluation of the company innovativeness in the 5A System. Methodology description is included in the Glossary to the Report,

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Report on Innovativeness of the Aviation Sector in Poland in 2010

Place on the List of the aviation sector – place in the List of the Most Innovative Companies of the Aviation Sector in Poland in 2009, Place on the 500’2009 List – specifies the place on the List of 500 Most Innovative Companies in Poland in 2009, developed by the MSN Scientific Network coordinated by INE PAN.

3. Financial data Table „Financial data” – contains a set of financial characteristics of companies in the period 2004-2009. The level of filling the table depends on the data availability. The table presented in sequence: Net sales revenues Net financial income (profit/loss) Capitalized value of R&D expenses Intangible assets Total assets Equity Diagram „Net sales data” – diagram presents the net sales income of the company for the 2004–2009 period (data in mln PLN), 4. Innovative activity of the company Description of innovative acivity – shows the description of the assessment with 5A System of the presented above the company name in the field “Assessment with the 5A System”; 5. Company status Innovative company – company covered by the innovation research of the MSN Scientific Network coordinated by INE PAN, holding an assessment with the 5A System in recent 3 years, Company listed on Stock Exchange – the company listed on the Stock Exchange as of the end of 2009, Member of the Aviation Valley – member of the Association of Entrepreneurs the Aviation Valley, Investor in research and development – the company is present on the List of the investors in research and development in 2009, developed by the MSN Scientific Network coordinated by INE PAN, Patenting company – company holding patents granted by the Polish Patent Office in the years 2004–2010.

Innovativeness research program at INE PAN

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Innovativeness research program at INE PAN

he research program on innovativeness of the Polish economy was launched in 2005. Its indirect goal was and is to stimulate innovative processes in the Polish economy and to show national achievements in the field of innovation, as well as to identify companies most focused on development. Within its framework a number of projects can be specified which merit special attention. Report on Innovativeness of the Polish Economy So far in 2005–2011 years, six national reports on innovation were published. They contain a total of 170 original articles and have 1682 pages. Their authors are experts representing the leading research centres, which conduct research in the field of innovation in Poland. The scientific editor of all publications is prof. Tadeusz Baczko. An integral part of each Report is the List of the 500 Most Innovative Companies in Poland. The winners of the ranking, the most innovative companies in Poland, have been already rewarded with this title five times. During the first edition, the awards ceremony – the Innovation Tuning-fork – took place during the ceremony gala on 13th December 2005 in the Main Hall of the Warsaw Stock Exchange. Since then, the formula of innovation gala has expanded to include regional meetings. They took place in Gdańsk, Łódź, Katowice, Poznań, Sopot and Wrocław. In total, more than 2 thousand people participated therein. Since 2009 the awards ceremonies have been held in the Mirror Room of the Staszic Palace in Warsaw, seat of the Polish Academy of Sciences. The innovation galas have been assessed by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Poland as an important achievement in the science promotion. A honorary patronage over the galas was taken, in 2006, by the representatives of the European Commission, prof. Danuta Hübner – the Commissioner of the European Commission responsible for regional policy, and in 2007, by Dr Janez Potočnik – the Commissioner responsible for scientific and research policy. The Ministry of Economy of the Republic of Poland and the President of the Polish Academy of Sciences held the honorary patronage over the reports itself. The report has also evolved. It was not only the catalogue of issues raised by the authors of individual chapters, which were expanded, but also the range of companies research. The list of the most innovative products and services was included into the Report in 2006, subrankings including the most innovative micro-companies, small and medium companies in 2006 and regional lists in 2006. New publications, highlighting different areas connected with innovation, appeared i.e the List of companies patenting in Poland (2010) and the List of the Largest Investors in Research and Development (2010). From 2011 the companies from the 500 List receive the innovation certificates together including assessment with the 5A System. In the years 2005–2007 the partner of the project was BRE Bank S.A., while the media partner was “Gazeta Prawna”. In 2005 and 2006 a series of articles on innovation was published in “Gazeta Prawna”. In addition, for three years special supplements presenting ranking results of the most innovative companies were published there. Regional Reports on innovativeness The idea of preparing reports on innovativeness, not only at national level, but also at regions level, has already appeared during organization of the regional

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Report on Innovativeness of the Aviation Sector in Poland in 2010

Innovation Galas. It was implemented in 2008, when 16 voivodship regional reports were developed. Each of the voivodship reports contained regional analysis, microeconomic analysis, lists of the most innovative companies in a voivodship, lists of large, small and medium and micro firms, lists of innovative products and services in a voivodship and lists of the research and developing centres, as well as scientific institutes. The important part of reports became the innovative companies maps. The Regional Reports were officially presented at the conference organized by the Polish Information and Foreign Investment Agency at its head office at Bagatela Str. in Warsaw. The next edition of the report has been prepared in 2010. Report on the Largest Investors in Research and Development in Poland The first ranking of largest investors in research and development was published in 2010 and was presented at the special conference during which the winners were awarded diplomas. A year later the ranking was completed with the analytical part and published as the Report on the Largest Investors in Research and Development in Poland in 2010. The ranking winners received diplomas as in the previous year. List of Patenting in Poland Companies For the first time the list of the approved patents appeared in the Report on Innovativeness of the Polish Economy in 2005. Since 2010, it has changed its formula slightly and is treated as a separate project. Twice, in 2010 and 2011 the companies holding most of the patents received awards from the management of the MSN Scientific Network, INE PAN and the Polish Patent Offfice. In 2011, the publication contained the lists of patenting companies in 2010 and in the years of 2005–2009, as well as analytic study to them were also released. In 2010 the companies which have obtained the most patents prepared with the participation of women, were awarded in the presence of the President of the Polish Patent Office. Sector reports The first of the reports for areas of the economy, outstanding in terms of innovation, is devoted to the aviation sector. The bilingual report prepared in collaboration with the Ministry of Economy of the Republic of Poland was presented at the conference on the aviation sector, which took place on 13th October 2011 in Warsaw. The conference received the patronage of the Polish Presidency in the European Council, Ministry of Regional Development of the Republic of Poland and the Polish Agency for Enterprise Development. The conference has been prepared by the Institute of Aviation, together with the Institute of Economics of the Polish Academy of Sciences and the MSN Scientific Network coordinated by the Institute. The conference was accompanied by the first exhibition under the title Innovativeness of aviation. Innovation Strategy for Poland On the basis of the firm survey results obtained in 2009, a series of seminars and conferences were launched to define the Innovation Strategy for Poland. The aim of the events is to initiate the participatory initiative for the integration of social environment, public institutions and innovative companies. It should lead to defining a basic assumption of the innovation development in Poland. The strategy will include activities for the launch of specific legal, institutional and informational solutions. It is orientated horizontally, taking into account activities for the social and economic development and global changes. It includes directions of innovation in public sector, infrastructure and environment, in strategy of companies, development of foreign research and development centres, as well as economic, social, psychological and cultural issues connecting with the propagation of innovative models. The strategy is prepared in accordance with the most important Polish and international strategic documents, with particular reference to the OECD Innovation Strategy. Future-oriented research (foresight) As a result of conducting research on innovativeness of Polish enterprises in 2005-2006, Institute of Economics of the Polish Academy of Sciences entered

Innovativeness research program at INE PAN

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three research consortiums conducting foresight projects in 2006-2008. These are, The National Program Foresight Polska 2020, the ROTMED consortium conducting the project Monitoring system and scenarios of the medical technologies development in Poland and the FOREMAT consortium conducting the project Scenarios of technology development of the metallic, ceramic and composite materials. Entering the consortia resulted in further expanding of research topics, first of all, by the elements dominating in topic of each of them and also gave specific skills and experience in managing by the Institute of large research projects, including those financed from the European funds. Remaining research results consultation of the project Strategy of Innovation and Efficiency of Economy of the Ministry of Economy of the Republic of Poland (2011) cooperation with the Ministry of Economy in organization of Roundtable on OECD Innovation Starategy – Towards New Perception of Innovation (2010) the book The Future of Science and Technology and Innovation Indicators and the Challenges Implied, which is a record of discussion on the measurement of innovation (2009) talks with the Market Street Associations company from San Francisco, operating in the area of the Santa Clara (Silicon Valley) and dealing with, among others, transfer of technologies from research centres into economic practice connected with cooperation in creating of the semantic platform by MSA (2009–2010) The book Poland and Russia on the road to innovative development under scientific editing of prof. Joanna Kotowicz-Jawor, written in cooperation of the Polish and Russian Academy of Sciences, cooperation within the Standing Committee of Economists of the Polish Academy of Sciences and the Russian Academy of Sciences (2008) establishment of the partnership limited company Park Innowacyjny Celestynów Unipress. The main goal is to build the modern research and implementation centre in Celestynów – Innovation Park (2008) distinction of the research program on innovation of the Polish economy conducted by the Institute of Economics of the Polish Academy of Sciences (INE PAN). INE PAN has been distinguished as a model example of the cooperation between science, business and media. As a case study, it has been introduced during the training Promotion in Science and has been described in detail in the brochure Promotion in Science and in the bilingual folder Kaleidoscope of Science 2007 (2006–2007) joint research with the European University Viadrina and Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung (DIW) on importance of localization factors and efficiency and innovation of the companies in Poland and East Germany (2006–2007) carrying out research works for the international network European Techno-Economic Policy Support Network – ETEPS AISBL (2005–2006) cooperation with the network of the European Commission ERAWATCH (2005–2006) participation in the IRIM project – Industrial Research Investment Monitoring, within the 6th Framework Program of the European Union (2005–2006) conferences with the participation of the outstanding world authorities in the range of research methodologies i.e. the founder of fractal geometry prof. Benoit Mandelbrot (2005) and the Chairman of NESTI (National Experts on Science & Technology Indicators) in OECD dr Fred Gault (2006).

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Report on Innovativeness of the Aviation Sector in Poland in 2010

MSN Scientific Network Assessment of the impact of research and development (R&D) activity and innovation on the social… and economic development INE PAN (Institute of Economics of the Polish Academy of Sciences) is the coordinator of the MSN Scientific Network Assessment of the impact of the research and development (R&D) activity and innovation on the social and economic development. Starting of the scientific network in July 2003 was to begin efforts to reduce a gap of Poland in relation to the most developed countries of the world in research, development and innovation. Starting of the scientific network was to lead to find areas, where cooperative action could help to accelerate the process of reducing that distance. The network includes centres of different profile of the scientific activity – which allows the creation of infrastructure, including tools to facilitate technology transfer into business practice and the development of faculty, to be engaged in the process of building economy based on knowledge. Currently there are four members of the network. MSN Scientific Network comprises: Institute of High Pressure Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Economics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Faculty of Management of the Warsaw University of Technology. In addition to research on innovativeness carried out jointly with the Institute of Economics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, the network activity also focused on helping members in submitting proposals in the 7th European Union Framework Program, in the Innovative Economy Programme and also help in applying for funds from national grants. MSN facilitates members of the Network the transfer of technology developed in the Institutes into economic practice, mainly through assistance in establishing contacts between the Network research centres and companies. The network reveals a high international activity – in the years 2004–2007, 35 institutions domiciled outside the Poland were contacted. The Network organized methodological seminars, seminars presenting the research results of other centres, conferences attended by eminent world authorities in the field of methodology (Benoit Mandelbrot, Fred Gault). The MSN Scientific Network disseminates research results through publications i.e. OO Report of Innovativeness of the Polish Economy, OO MSN Bulletin, OO MSN Working Papers, OO Research Bulletin. In cooperation with the European Advisors Institute in Kalisz, the MSN Scientific Network conducted a series of training courses leading to obtain the title of Consultant, Innovation Expert and Innovation Auditor. MSN creates expert networks comprising scientists (including Warsaw School of Economics, Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Economic Sciences and Faculty of Management of the Warsaw University, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of High Pressure Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, National Bank of Poland, Central Statistics Office, as well as representatives of companies representing the most important sectors of the national economy. Prepared by Michał Baranowski