الصف الثاني الثانوي by Mr-Muhammad Orabi

Prof In English

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

2nd secondary

1 st Part

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Prof In English

2nd secondary

Unit 1

1 st Part

The World of Work Professor Magdi Yacoub Professor Magdi Yacoub is a world famous heart surgeon. He was born in Egypt in the village of Belbis in 1935, the son of a surgeon who worked in different places around the country. The family had to move every few years, so Yacoub learnt to adapt to different situations and enjoyed meeting different people. When his aunt died because of a heart problem, Yacoub decided to become a heart surgeon. He studied medicine at Cairo University and qualified as a doctor in 1957. In the 1960s, he taught at Chicago University in the United States and worked with many of the world's best heart surgeons. Now Yacoub had the qualifications and experience to so great things. In 1973, he became a heart surgeon at Harefield Hospital in England. Under his leadership, Harefield became the most important transplant center in the country. In the early 1980s, he was part of the team which did the first British heart transplant operation. At this time, Yacoub traveled thousands of kilometers in small planes and helicopters to find healthy hearts for transplant. Yacoub became Professor of Heart Surgery at London University in 1986. although he retired as a surgeon in 2001, Yacoub continued to research new treatments. Recently he was part of team which made new heart parts from human cells. If you ask why he continues to work in his 70s, he will say that he believes he can make a difference to people's lives. For this reason, he works for a charity in Africa which helps children with heart problems.

Key Vocabulary air conditioning civil engineer delegation trade delegation grandchildren research uniform operation qualify qualifications surgeon heart surgeon treatment

                                    

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

treat train count heart transplant heart surgery retire retirement age marital status surname education application form nationality address

                                

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Prof In English

2nd secondary

Vocabulary hotel receptionist news reporter computer programmer programs company = firm training smart comfortable friendly efficient bridges dams roads leader report headline news interview magic national international identify proud junior architect design accountant accounting experience job application details title machines well-known provide

  relative   fireman   police officer                                                                                    

1 st Part        

install world-famous situations heart problems healthy heart human cells charity head team qualities save = rescue society patient charitable organisation knowledge diseases food shortage full-time job part-time job

                                                    

project transplant centre divorced date of birth advertise advertisement medicine contributions value mention article grandmother

                                

Prepositions, Idioms & Expressions    interested in   apply for    from all over the world    good for     report on    at the weekend   work for    look up   fall asleep     speak for

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

   adapt to   apply to    work with    under the leadership of    find out    benefit from    look for    play a part (role) in    at the age of    good at + v. + ing

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Prof In English

          

die of fill in a form apply in writing apply online

2nd secondary

st 1 Part   

have experience in study at apply in person for this reason

       

Antonyms  Word

Antonym                         

historic / ancient inside special continue leader friendly healthy dead married

                   

modern outside / exterior ordinary / usual / normal stop / finish / complete follower unfriendly unhealthy alive unmarried / single

Make or Do Make make make make make make make make make make make make make

  parts of cars   a difference    a decision    a mistake    money / a fortune    a profit   a choice   friends   a suggestion    a promise    the beds    a noise

                                 

do an operation do work do a job do things do a project do research on / into do the shopping do the homework do the cleaning do the washing up do the cooking do a favour

Word Family Verb

Noun

research  researcher  operate  operation     operator  qualify  qualification  treat  treatment  apply  application  applicant  lead  leader  leadership  retire  retirement  research

Adjective

 

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

operational



qualified  treatable  applicable  leading



retired 

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2nd secondary

1 st Part

Language Notes Work – Job - Occupation – Career – Profession - post Work .(a.)‫ﺷﻐﻞ – ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻜﺎن اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ) ﻻ ﺗﻌﺪ ( ﻻ ﺗﺠﻤﻊ و ﻻ ﺗﺴﺒﻖ‬ He can't find work. I always go to my work early every day. Job: .( a)‫وﻇﯿﻔﺔ ) ﺗﻌﺪ (ﺗﺠﻤﻊ و ﺗﺴﺒﻖ ﺑ‬ * He got a job as a teacher. Occupation: ( ّ‫ وﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻰ اﻻﺳﺘﻤﺎرات اﻟﺮﺳﻤﯿﺔ أو اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﯿﺔ ) ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻣﺜ ﻼ‬: ‫وﻇﯿﻔﺔ‬ * Please, fill in this form with your name, address and occupation. Career: .‫ﻣﻬﻨﻪ – ﻋﻤﻞ – ﻣﺠﺮى اﻟﺤﯿﺎة‬ 1- Her political career began 20 years ago..ً‫ ﻋﺎﻣﺎ‬20 ‫ﺑﺪأ ﻋﻤﻠﻬﺎ اﻟﺴﯿﺎﺳﻲ ﻣﻨﺬ‬ Profession ‫ اﻟﺘﺪرﯾﺲ و اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻣﺎة‬،‫ﻣﻬﻨﺔ ﺗﺤﺘﺎج إﻟﻰ ﺗﻌﻠﯿﻢ و ﺗﺪرﯾﺐ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﻬﻨﺔ اﻟﻄﺐ‬ * Teaching profession is very exciting and enjoyable. post: ‫وﻇﯿﻔﺔ ﻣﻬﻤﺔ‬ * She has got the post of sales manager. ***************************** stop + to + ‫ﯾﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺷﻲء اﻟﻤﺼﺪر‬  * I was hungry, so I stopped to eat something. stop + v+ing= give up ‫ﯾﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺷﻲء‬ * At last, I stopped smoking ***************************** spend + ‫ وﻗﺖ‬+ v+ing ‫ﯾﻘﻀﻰ وﻗﺘﺎ ﻓﻰ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺷﻲء‬ * Some children spend a lot of time watching TV. spend + ‫ ﻧﻘﻮد‬+on ‫ﯾﻨﻔﻖ ﻣﺎﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻲء‬ * The government spends a lot of money on football. ***************************** decide to + ‫اﻟﻤﺼﺪر‬ ‫ﯾﻘﺮر أن‬ * I decided to study hard to succeed. decide on = choose ‫ﯾﺤﺪد – ﯾﺨﺘﺎر ﺷﻲء‬ 1- You should decide on your goal in life. 2- I decided on a name for the baby. ***************************** Proud ‫ﻓﺨﻮر‬ proud of ‫ﻓﺨﻮر ﺑ‬ * We are proud of our scientists who do their best for the progress and welfare of our country. proud to + ‫اﻟﻤﺼﺪر‬ ‫ﻓﺨﻮر أن‬ * Axel was proud to be his uncle's assistant. proud that + ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﺨﻮر ان‬ They are proud that she is doing well at school. proud to be + n \v.ing ‫ﻓﺨﻮر ﻟﻜﻮﻧﻪ‬ 1- I am proud to be Egyptian. 2- I am proud to be helping to build a modern country. adapt– adopt adapt to : change to suit new needs. ‫ﯾﺘﻜﯿﻒ ﻣﻊ – ﯾﺘﺄﻗﻠﻢ ﻣﻊ‬ * Children adapt themselves to new situations. adopt : take ( a child – an idea – a plan ) ( ‫ ﻓﻜﺮة – ﺧﻄﺔ‬-‫ﯾﺘﺒﻨﻰ ) ﻃﻔﻞ‬

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

2nd secondary

*They don't have children, so they decided to adopt a child. * The company adopted his idea. *********************************** arrive – reach – get to: arrive (‫ﯾﺼﻞ) ﻓﻌﻞ ﻻزم ﻻ ﯾﺤﺘﺎج إﻟﻰ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬ * My uncle arrived yesterday. arrive in + ‫ﻣﻜﺎن ﻛﺒﯿﺮ‬ * They arrived in Cairo yesterday. arrive at + ‫ﻣﻜﺎن ﺻﻐﯿﺮ‬ * They arrived at Cairo Airport yesterday. reach +( ‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮل ) ﻣﻜﺎن ﻛﺒﯿﺮ أو ﺻﻐﯿﺮ‬ * They reached Cairo yesterday. get to ( ‫ﯾﺼﻞ اﻟﻰ ) ﻣﻜﺎن ﻛﺒﯿﺮ أو ﺻﻐﯿﺮ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ ﺑﺼﻌﻮﺑﺔ‬ * At last, I got to the peak of the mountain. *********************************** well-known to .....‫ﻣﻌﺮف ﻟﺪى‬ * He is well-known to everyone. well-known for ‫ﻣﻌﺮوف أو ﻣﺸﻬﻮر ﺑ‬ * He is well-known for his bravery. ******************************** Cause – reason cause + ‫ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬+ to +‫اﻟﻤﺼﺪر‬ ‫ﯾﺤﺪث – ﯾﺴﺒﺐ‬ * The earthquake caused the house to collapse. cause + ‫ ﺷﺨﺺ‬+ ‫ﺷﻲء‬ ‫ﯾﺤﺪث – ﯾﺴﺒﺐ‬ * His behaviors caused his parents a lot of problems. cause of ‫ﺳﺒﺐ‬ * What is the cause of the accident? reason for ‫ﺳﺒﺐ – ﻣﺒﺮر ﻠ‬ * We don't know the reason for his absence. reason why + ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬+ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ * We don't know the reason why he is absent. reason with +‫ﺷﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﺠﺎدل ﻣﻊ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻟﯿﺤﺎول إﻗﻨﺎﻋﻪ‬ * He reasoned with me a lot but I didn't like the idea. ******************************** historic –historical historic ( places – events – moments – days ) ‫ذو أﻫﻤﯿﻪ ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯿﻪ‬ * Tourists usually visit the historic places in Egypt. historical ( researches – studies – plays – novels ) ‫ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺪراﺳﺔ اﻟﺘﺎرﯾﺦ‬ * I like reading historical novels. make a difference ( ‫ﯾﻌﻤﻞ إﺧﺘﻼف ) ﯾﺆﺛﺮ‬ * He believes he can make a difference in people's lives. ******************************** smart ‫ ذﻛﻰ‬/ ‫أﻧﯿﻖ‬ 1- I like playing smart games on my computer. 2- She looks smart. ******************************** delegation – mission- deputation A delegation. ‫ ﺗﻔﻮﯾﺾ‬- ‫ وﻓﺪ‬- ‫ﺑﻌﺜﺔ‬

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

1 st Part

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

2nd secondary

1 st Part

* Russia demanded that Unita send a delegation to the peace talks. A mission ‫ ﺑﻌﺜﺔ – ارﺳﺎﻟﯿﺔ دﯾﻨﯿﺔ‬-‫ * ﻣﻬﻤﺔ‬He is a senior member of a diplomatic mission. A deputation ‫ ﺗﻔﻮﯾﺾ‬- ‫وﻓﺪ‬ * A deputation of elders from the village arrived headed by its chief. A delegate = representative ‫ ﯾﻔﻮض‬- ‫ﻣﻨﺪوب‬ 1- My boss delegated me to solve the problem. 2- Last weekend the Roman Catholic Church in Scotland held a conference, attended by 450 delegates. ******************************** needed ‫ﻣﻄﻠﻮب‬ * Surgeon needed at central hospital. ******************************** junior – senior junior ً‫اﻷﻗﻞ أﻫﻤﯿﻪ – اﻷﺻﻐﺮ – اﻷﺣﺪث ﻋﻬﺪا‬ * A company needed a junior architect. senior ‫أرﻗﻰ – اﻷﻛﺒﺮ ﺳﻨﺎً – اﻷرﺷﺪ‬ * TV and radio needed many women in senior jobs. ******************************** fare – fees – wages – salary fare ‫ ﺛﻤﻦ ﺗﺬﻛﺮة‬-‫أﺟﺮة اﻟﺘﺎﻛﺴﻰ‬ * After I had arrived, I gave the driver the fare. fees (‫ دﻛﺘﻮر‬/ ‫ أﺟﺮ )ﻣﺤﺎﻣﻰ‬/ ‫أﺗﻌﺎب‬ * Doctor's fees are very hard nowadays. wages ‫أﺟﺮه )ﺑﺎﻟﺴﺎﻋﻪ أو ﺑﺎﻟﯿﻮم أو ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺒﻮع( إﺳﻢ ﻻ ﯾﻌﺪ‬ * The carpenter's wages are high. salary ‫ﻣﺮﺗﺐ )ﺷﻬﺮى أو ﺳﻨﻮى( إﺳﻢ ﯾﻌﺪ‬ * His salary is 300 pounds a month. ******************************** full-time – part-time full-time ‫ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺒﺎرﯾﺎت – اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻛﺎﻣﻼ‬ 1- My father works full-time as a driver. 2- The score at full time was Zamalek 1, Ahly 1. part-time ‫ﺟﺰء ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬ 1- I am part-time. I work 3 days a week. 2- A part-time accountant needed at University of Science. [10 – 15 h. a week] ******************************** train train ….. in ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬.... ‫ﯾﺪرب‬ * Children should be trained in good manners. train as + ‫وﻇﯿﻔﻪ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﺪرب ﻛـ‬ * She trained as a pilot. train for (‫ﯾﺘﺪرب ﻟـ )ﺳﺒﺎق‬ * She spends two hours trained for the race. ******************************** surgeon – physician surgeon ‫ﺟﺮاح‬ * A doctor who performs operation is a surgeon.

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

2nd secondary

physician ‫ﻃﺒﯿﺐ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺞ‬ * A doctor who treats diseases is a physician. ********************************  ‫ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬+ believe + ‫ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬+ can make + noun ...... ‫ﯾﺆﻣﻦ أﻧﻪ ﯾﺴﺘﻄﯿﻊ ﻋﻤﻞ‬ 1- Prof. M.Y. believes he can make a difference to people's lives. 2- I believe I can make a change in my students. (students' way of thinking) ********************************  I have the qualifications and experience to + ‫اﻟﻤﺼﺪر‬ ....‫ﻟﺪى اﻟﻤﺆﻫﻼت واﻟﺨﺒﺮه ﻟـ‬ * I have the qualifications and experience to work as an accountant. ********************************  hard – hardly – hardy: Hard

adj. ‫ﺻﻔﺔ‬

adv. ‫ﻇﺮف‬ Hardly adv. ‫ﻇﺮف‬

Hardy

adj. ‫ﺻﻔﺔ‬

1 st Part

‫ ﺻﻌﺐ‬This is a hard question. = difficult X easy ‫ﺻﻠﺐ‬ Wood is a hard material. X soft – ‫ﻣﺠﺪ‬ He is a hard worker. ‫ﻣﺠﺘﻬﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﺎد – ﺷﺎق‬ Farming is a hard work. ‫ ﺑﺠﺪ‬You must study hard to get high marks. – ‫ﺑﺸﺪة‬ I can't go out. It's raining hard. ‫ﺑﻐﺰارة‬ -‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎد‬ I can hardly remember my old friends. ‫ﺑﺼﻌﻮﺑﺔ‬ =almost There is hardly any sugar in my tea. I can't not drink it.. ‫ﻗﻮى – ﺷﺪﯾﺪ – ﯾﺴﺘﻄﯿﻊ اﻟﻮﺟﻮد و اﻟﺒﻘﺎء ﻓﻰ ﻇﺮوف ﺻﻌﺒﺔ‬ This is a hardy plant. It can live without water for a long time.

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

2nd secondary

1 st Part

Communication Skills Giving reasons why you like your job 

 The reason I like / enjoy … is that … The best thing about … is …  The main reason is that …  I enjoy / love + V+ing …  Examples:  The reason I like my job is that I meet all kinds of people.  The best thing about working here is the friendly people  I love / enjoy working here because every day is different.  The main reason is I'm proud to be helping to make Egypt a better place.

Expressing opinion with reasons 

 I think / believe …… because ……    In my opinion / view ………… as ………..   If you ask me ……… so that ……..   Examples:  I think / believe charities are important because they help poor people.  In my opinion / view charitable organizations do an excellent job as they work all over the world.  If you ask me, people should give money to charity so that they can help more people.

Asking for information Situation               

Question - Where do you come from? -Which country do you come from? - What's your nationality? - What's your job? - What do you do? - What do you do for a living? - Where do you live? - What's your address? - When were you born? - What's your date of birth? - What's your marital status? - Are you single or married? - What's your surname? - What's your family name?

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Answer - I come from England. - I'm English. - I'm a doctor. - 20 Riad Street, Assiut. - I was born on Oct. 17, 1961. - I'm single. - Farid.

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

2nd secondary

1 st Part

Grammar  1)The Present Simple Tense  :( ‫ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻷﺷﯿﺎء اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﺤﺪث ﻛﻞ ﯾﻮم ) اﻟﺮوﺗﯿﻦ اﻟﯿﻮﻣﻰ‬ - I go to work at seven o'clock. :‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ‬ - The earth goes round the sun. - Nurses look after patients in hospitals. :‫ ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺪث ﯾﺘﻢ ﻟﻔﺘﺮة ﻃﻮﯾﻠﺔ‬ - I have a bath every day. : ‫ ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻃﻠﺐ أو إﻋﻄﺎء اﻟﺘﻌﻠﯿﻤﺎت و اﻻﺗﺠﺎﻫﺎت‬ - How do I get to the station? - You go straight on, then you turn left. :‫ ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﻣﻊ اﻷﺣﺪاث اﻟﻤﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ ﺑﺠﺪاول ﻣﻮاﻋﯿﺪ‬ The train leaves at 9 a.m. The ilm starts at 7.30 p.m. :‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻋﺮ و اﻷﻓﻜﺎر‬ - I think so.

- I like it.

 -:‫ﯾﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر )ﺑﺪون اﺿﺎﻓﺎت( اذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ I , You , We , They , ‫أﺳﻢ ﺟﻤﻊ‬ -:‫ ( اذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬s \ es ) ‫ﯾﻀﺎف ﻟﻠﻔﻌﻞ‬ He , She , It , ‫اﺳﻢ ﻣﻔﺮد‬ -:‫ ( اذا ﻛﺎن ﻣﻨﺘﻬﻰ ب‬es ) ‫ﯾﻀﺎف ﻟﻠﻔﻌﻞ‬ ss , ch , sh , x , o go goes fix fixes miss misses hurry study

hurries studies

wash watch

washes watches

-:( ies ) ‫ ( وﻧﻀﯿﻒ‬y ) ‫ ( ﻣﺴﺒﻮﻗﻪ ﺑﺤﺮف ﺳﺎﻛﻦ ﻧﺤﺬف‬y ) ‫اذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻣﻨﺘﻬﻰ ﺑﺎل‬ carry carries

 I , You , We , They , ‫اﺳﻢ ﺟﻤﻊ‬ He , She , It , ‫اﺳﻢ ﻣﻔﺮد‬ 1- They don't study hard. 2- He doesn't study hard.

-:‫ ( ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬don't \ doesn't ) ‫ﯾﻨﻔﻰ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻓﻰ زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ ﺑﻮﺿﻊ‬ don't + infinitive doesn't + infinitive

 -:‫(اﻟﺴﺆال اﻟﻤﺒﺪوء ﺑﻌﻼﻣﺔ اﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎم‬1) ‫ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ اﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎم‬+ do \ does + ‫ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬+ ‫ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر‬+ ‫?ﺑﺎﻗﻰ اﻟﺴﺆال‬ 1) I get up at 6 every morning. "When" - When do you get up? 2) She cooks ish. "What" - What does she cook?

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

2nd secondary ( do \ does ) ‫وﻫﻮ ﻫﻨﺎ‬

1 st Part

-:‫( اﻟﺴﺆال اﻟﻤﺒﺪوء ﺑﻔﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬2

Do\Does + ‫ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬+ ‫ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬+ ‫? ﺑﺎﻗﻰ اﻟﺴﺆال‬

1) Yes, I play football everyday. "Do" - Do you play football everyday? 2) She does her homework in the evening. "Does" - Does she do her homework in the evening?

 -: ‫ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﺒﺴﯿﺒﻂ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت اﻷﺗﯿﻪ‬ always, usually, sometimes, often = frequently ً ‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ‬, occasionally = from time to time ‫ ﻣﻦ ﺣﯿﻦ ﻷﺧﺮ‬, generally ‫ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‬/ rarely = seldom ً‫ ﻧﺎدر ا‬/ never ً‫ أﺑﺪ ا‬/ every now and then ‫ ﻣﻦ ﺣﯿﻦ ﻷﺧﺮ‬/ every …..(day – week – morning – month – year) on ….. (Sundays – Mondays – Fridays ……) 1- She frequently visits the Pyramids. 2- They go to the club on Sundays.

 Am / is / are + PP. 1- Somebody cleans this room every day. "Active" This room is cleaned every day. "Passive" 2- They grow cotton and rice in Syria. "Active" Cotton and rice are grown in Syria. "Passive"

‫ﯾﺘﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮل ﻣﻦ‬

 2)The Present Continuous Tense  -:‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻧﻘﻮل اﻧﻨﺎ ﻓﻰ ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ اﻟﺤﺪث أى ﯾﺤﺪث اﻷن أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﻜﻼم‬ - She is writing a letter now. - The water is boiling. Can you turn it off? -:‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻧﻘﻮل اﻧﻨﺎ ﻓﻰ ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ ﺷﺊ ﻣﺎ و ﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﯿﺲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻀﺮورى ان ﻧﻜﻮن ﻓﯿﻪ أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﻜﻼم‬ - I must get back to the office. We are working on a new project. - We are busy these days. We are doing a course at university. -:‫ﻟﻠﺘﻐﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺘﺨﻄﯿﻂ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ أو اﻟﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺪث ﺗﻢ اﻟﺘﺨﻄﯿﻂ ﻟﻪ أن ﯾﺤﺪث ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ - I am meeting Hany at six. - She is coming soon.

 -:‫ﯾﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ‬ I He , She , It , ‫اﺳﻢ ﻣﻔﺮد‬ You , We , They , ‫اﺳﻢ ﺟﻤﻊ‬ come see

am is are

+ ‫ ﻓﻌﻞ‬+ ing

coming seeing

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

-:‫ﻻﺣﻆ اﻷﻓﻌﺎل اﻻﺗﯿﻪ‬ -:(ing)‫(ﻋﻨﺪ اﺿﺎﻓﺔ ال‬e )‫(ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎً ﻣﺎ ﻧﺤﺬف ال‬e) ‫اﻷﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﻤﻨﺘﻬﯿﻪ ب‬ take taking ‫ﻣﺎﻋﺪا‬ agree agreeing

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English put

putting

cut

2nd secondary

1 st Part

-:(ing)‫اﻷﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﻤﻨﺘﻬﯿﻪ ﺑﺤﺮف ﺳﺎﻛﻦ ﻗﺒﻠﻪ ﻣﺘﺤﺮك ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎً ﻧﻀﺎﻋﻒ اﻟﺤﺮف اﻷﺧﯿﺮ ﻋﻨﺪ اﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ cutting shut shutting

-:(ing) ‫ ( ﻻ ﯾﺤﺪث ﺑﻬﺎ أى ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻋﻨﺪ اﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬y )‫اﻷﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﻤﻨﺘﻬﯿﻪ ب‬ hurry hurrying ‫ﻻﺣﻆ أن‬ die dying tie tying lie lying ‫ﻫﻨﺎك أﻓﻌﺎل ﻻ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ اﻻ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻻت ﺧﺎﺻﻪ او ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻫﺬة اﻻﻓﻌﺎل ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ ) اﻻﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﺨﺎﺻﻪ‬ -:(‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺸﺎﻋﺮ و اﻻﻓﻜﺎر‬ want , like , love , understand , mean , see , forget , hear , hate , need believe , remember , prefer , dislike , know , seem , realize. - I want to leave now. - We understand the lesson now. .‫ ﻓﻲ اﻷﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ واﺣﺪ وﯾﺴﺒﻖ اﻟﺤﺮف اﻷﺧﯿﺮ ﺣﺮف ﻣﺘﺤﺮك‬ing ‫ﻻﺣﻆ ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻔﺔ اﻟﺤﺮف اﻷﺧﯿﺮ ﻗﺒﻞ إﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ hit hitting run running stop stopping am/is/are ‫ ﺗﺤﺬف‬and ‫( ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ وﺟﻮد زﻣﻨﯿﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻟﻬﻤﺎ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ و ﯾﺮﺑﻂ ﺑﯿﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬6 - He is teaching English and learning French. carry

carrying

 - : (am \ is \ are) ‫ ( ﺑﻌﺪ‬not ) ‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﻧﻔﻰ اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻧﻀﻊ‬ - I am not sleeping.

 -:‫( اﻟﺴﺆال اﻟﻤﺒﺪوء ﺑﻌﻼﻣﺔ اﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎم‬1 ) ‫ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ اﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎم‬+ am \ is \ are + ‫ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬+ ‫ ﻓﻌﻞ‬+ ing + ‫? ﺑﺎﻗﻰ اﻟﺴﺆال‬ 1) They are sleeping in bedroom. "Where" Where are they sleeping? (am \ is \ are) ‫وﻫﻮ ﻫﻨﺎ‬ -:‫( اﻟﺴﺆال اﻟﻤﺒﺪوء ﺑﻔﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬2 ) am \ is \ are + ‫ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬+ ‫ ﻓﻌﻞ‬+ ing + ‫? ﺑﺎﻗﻰ اﻟﺴﺆال‬ 1) Yes, I am reading now. "Are" Are you reading now?

 -:‫ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻣﻊ‬ now / at the moment / look! / Listen!/ at present 1- I am reading an interesting book at the moment. 2- Listen to those people. What language are they speaking?

 Am / is / are + being + PP. ‫ﯾﺘﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع ا ﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮل ﻣﻦ‬ 1- Somebody is cleaning the room. "Active" The room is being cleaned. "Passive"

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

2nd secondary

1 st Part

 3)The Past Simple Tense  :‫ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺪث اﻧﺘﻬﻲ ﻓﻲ وﻗﺖ ﻣﻌﯿﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‬- 1 1- I went to Cairo last week. 2- The Chinese invented printing centuries ago. : ‫ ﻓﻲ ﺳﯿﺎق ﻗﺼــﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‬- 2 * Sam walked down the road to the block of flats on the corner. He went through the door and pressed the button for the lift. He went up to ….. :‫ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻮﻗﻒ أو ﻋﺎدة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‬- 3 * When I was young, I lived in Alex.

 -:‫( وﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﻫﺬه اﻷﻓﻌﺎل أﻓﻌﺎل ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻤﻪ ﻣﺜﻞ‬ed – d) ‫( ﯾﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ إﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬1 visit visited dance danced -:‫( وﺗﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﻛﻠﯿﺎً ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻰ ﻣﺜﻞ‬ed - d ) ‫( ﻫﻨﺎك أﻓﻌﺎل ﺷﺎذه ﻻ ﻧﻀﯿﻒ ﻟﻬﺎ‬2 am – is was are were have – has had do – does did go went ride rode -:‫( ﻫﻨﺎك أﻓﻌﺎل ﺷﺎذه ﻻ ﺗﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻰ ﻣﺜﻞ‬3 cut cut put put read read : ‫ ﯾﻀﺎﻋﻒ اﻟﺤﺮف اﻷﺧﯿﺮ‬، ‫( إذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﯾﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ واﺣﺪ و ﯾﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺑﺤﺮف ﺳﺎﻛﻦ ﯾﺴﺒﻘﻪ ﻣﺘﺤﺮك‬4 plan planned stop stopped grab grabbed refer referred -: ( ied ) ‫ ( ﯾﺴﺒﻘﻬﺎ ﺣﺮف ﺳﺎﻛﻦ ﻧﺤﻮﻟﻬﺎ اﻟﻰ‬y ) ‫( اﻷﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﻤﻨﺘﻬﯿﻪ ب‬5 carry carried marry married play watch

played watched

 -:‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﻧﻔﻰ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻰ اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺐ اﻷﺗﻰ‬

did not \ didn't + ‫ﻻ = ﻣﺼﺪر اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ 1- It didn’t rain. 2- Yes, I went to the cinema, but I didn’t enjoy the film.

 -:‫( اﻟﺴﺆال اﻟﻤﺒﺪوء ﺑﻌﻼﻣﺔ اﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎم‬1 ) ‫ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ اﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎم‬+ did + ‫ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬+ ‫ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر‬+ ‫?ﺑﺎﻗﻰ اﻟﺴﺆال‬ A: They went to cinema last week. "Where" B: Where did they go last week? ( did ) ‫وﻫﻮ ﻫﻨﺎ‬ Did + ‫ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬+ ‫ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬+ ‫?ﺑﺎﻗﻰ اﻟﺴﺆال‬ A: I didn’t know him then. B: Did you see Mark at lunch time?

-:‫( اﻟﺴﺆال اﻟﻤﺒﺪوء ﺑﻔﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬2)

"Did"

 :‫ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻰ اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ ﻣﻊ ﻛﻠﻤﺎت ﻣﺜﻞ‬ last (year, night, week, month / summer) / ago / yesterday / in ancient times / once upon a time / the other day, year (= a few days, years ago)/ in 2000 / in the past

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

2nd secondary

1 st Part

 : ‫ﯾﺘﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮل ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ اﻟ ﻤﻔﻌﻮل‬+ was \ were + p . p.+ by + ‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ 1- The Chinese invented printing centuries ago. "Active" - Printing was invented by the Chinese centuries ago. "Passive"

 4)The Past Continuous Tense  : ‫ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺪث ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ أﺛﻨﺎء وﻗﺖ ﻣﻌﯿﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‬-1 * Between six and half past six this morning, I was having breakfast. : ‫ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺪث ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻰ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﺣﺪث آﺧﺮ‬- 2 * I was having a shower when the phone rang. : ‫ ﯾﺄﺗﻰ ﻓﻲ ﺳﯿﺎق ﻗﺼﺔ أو ﻣﻮﻗﻒ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‬-3 1- I was studying Chemistry when I met Jane. 2- He was doing research when they arrested him.

 -:‫ﯾﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ‬

you, we, they + 

were

I,He, she, it + 

was

  + v.ing

 -:"was \ were = not = v.ing" ‫ﯾﻨﻔﻰ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻓﻰ زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﺑﺎﻷﺗﻰ‬ * He wasn't sleeping at 3 yesterday.

 -:‫( اﻟﺴﺆال اﻟﻤﺒﺪوء ﺑﻌﻼﻣﺔ اﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎم‬1 ) ‫ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ اﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎم‬+ was \ were + ‫ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬+ ‫ ﻓﻌﻞ‬+ ing + ‫? ﺑﺎﻗﻰ اﻟﺴﺆال‬ - I was studying at 9 yesterday. "What" What were you doing at 9 yesterday? (was \ were) ‫وﻫﻮ ﻫﻨﺎ‬

-:‫( اﻟﺴﺆال اﻟﻤﺒﺪوء ﺑﻔﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬2)

am \ is \ are + ‫ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬+ ‫ ﻓﻌﻞ‬+ ing + ‫? ﺑﺎﻗﻰ اﻟﺴﺆال‬ - I was cooking at six yesterday. "Were" Were you cooking at six yesterday?

 at……..yesterday. at……..last ‫ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻣﻊ‬ While / when / As / Just as : ‫وﻣﻊ اﻟﺮواﺑﻂ اﻷﺗﯿﻪ‬

 * He was doing research when they arrested him. - Research was being done when they arrested him.

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

: ‫ﯾﺘﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮل ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ اﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮل‬+ was \ were + being + p.p. "Active" " Passive"

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

2nd secondary 

1 st Part

: ‫ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ أن ﯾﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﺑﺴﯿﻂ‬when ‫ ﻻﺣﻆ أن‬ - We were doing the homework when it started to rain. : ‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬while ‫ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ أن ﯾﻜﻮن اﻟﺤﺪﺛﯿﻦ ﻣﻊ‬ - While I was studying, my father was reading. : ‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ‬when ‫ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ أن ﯾﻜﻮن اﻟﺤﺪﺛﯿﻦ ﻣﻊ‬ - When he arrived, he found the door locked. : V+ing ‫ و ﯾﺄﺗﻲ ﯾﻌﺪﻫﺎ‬when ‫ ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ‬On ‫ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ - When he arrived, he found the door locked. (On …) On arriving, he found the door locked. : noun / V+ing ‫ و ﯾﺄﺗﻲ ﯾﻌﺪﻫﺎ‬while ‫ ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ‬during ‫ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ - While he was playing the game, he got hurt. (during) During the game, he got hurt. \ He got hurt during the game. :‫ ﯾﺄﺧﺬ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺷﻜﻞ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﺬي ﯾﺴﺒﻘﻬﺎ‬and ‫ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ‬ 1- He was writing a letter and listening to some music. 2- She has finished work and gone home. :‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬to Be ‫ ﻻﺣﻆ ﻋﺪم اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ - While I was at school, I worked to a plan.

5) The Present Perfect Tense   :‫ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﺘﺎم ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ‬ : ‫ ﺣﺪث ﺗﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ وﻻ ﯾﺰال ﻟﻪ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺎﺿﺮ‬-1 - My car has broken down. = I have to go to work by bus. : ‫ ﺣﺪث ﺗﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ و ﻣﺎ زال ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺎﺿﺮ‬-2 1- I have done this job for many years. = I still do this job. 2- But I lived in Cairo for many years. = I live somewhere else now. (‫) ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﺴﯿﻂ‬ -:ً‫ ﻟﻮﺻﻒ ﺣﺪث اﻧﺘﻬﻰ ﻣﻨﺬ ﻓﺘﺮه ﻗﺼﯿﺮه ﺟﺪا‬-3 - I've just finished my homework.

 I, you, we, they + 

have

He, she, it + 

has

  + p.p.

1- He has just bought a new car. 2- They have already done the shopping.

 -: " have \ has " ‫ " ﺑﻌﺪ‬not " ‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﻧﻔﻰ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻓﻰ زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﺘﺎم ﻧﻀﻊ‬ have not = haven't has not = hasn't - I haven't bought a new car yet.

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

2nd secondary

1 st Part

 -:‫(اﻟﺴﺆال اﻟﻤﺒﺪوء ﺑﻌﻼﻣﺔ اﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎم‬1) ‫ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ اﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎم‬+ have \ has + ‫ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬+ ‫ ﻓﻌﻞ‬+ p.p + ‫? ﺑﺎﻗﻰ اﻟﺴﺆال‬ - I have studied English. "What" What have you done? What have you studied? (have \ has) ‫وﻫﻮ ﻫﻨﺎ‬

-:‫( اﻟﺴﺆال اﻟﻤﺒﺪوء ﺑﻔﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬2)

have/has + ‫ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬+ ‫ ﻓﻌﻞ‬+ p.p + ‫? ﺑﺎﻗﻰ اﻟﺴﺆال‬ - I have cooked dinner. "Have" Have you cooked dinner?

 : ‫ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻤﻀـﺎرع اﻟﺘﺎم ﻣﻊ ﻛﻠﻤﺎت ﻣﺜـﻞ‬ already / just / ever / never / yet / since / for / lately / recently / so far / up till now : ‫و ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم إذا ﺑﺪأت اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺑﻤـﺎ ﯾﻠـﻲ‬ It’s/This is the first (second…) time.. It’s (This) is the only… In the last few years/months In recent years over the ages / over the years / over the centuries ‫اﻟﻘﺮون‬/‫ اﻟﺴﻨﯿﻦ‬/‫ﻋﻠﻲ ﻣﺮ اﻟﻌﺼﻮر‬ - It’s the first time I have been to this place. - This is the only play I have seen. - Egypt has made great progress in the last few years.

 : ‫ﯾﺘﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﺘﺎم ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮل ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ اﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮل‬+ has \ have + p.p. - She has cooked lunch. Lunch has been cooked.

"Active" "Passive"

 : PP. ‫ واﻟﺘﺼﺮﯾﻒ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬have/has ‫ ﺗﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ‬ever/never/just/ already ‫ﻻﺣﻆ أن‬ * I have just written the letter. : ‫ ﻓﻲ اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ‬never ‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﺆال و‬ever ‫ﻻﺣﻆ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ * Have you ever travelled by plane? No, I have never travelled by plane. Just = a short time ago/ a minute/ a moment ago * They left the building a minute ago. (just) = They have just left the building.

  since / for  Since +  Since last week / last summer / 1999 / ive o’clock / October / this morning / yesterday / then / Monday / breakfast 1- She hasn’t phoned us since October

For +  For a week / the last week / a year / five hours / three months / two days / a long time 1- I haven’t cleaned the house for a week..

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

2nd secondary

1 st Part

: ‫ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﺘﺎم‬since ‫ﻓﻲ ﺣــﺎﻟﺔ وﺟـﻮد ﻓﻌـﻞ واﺣــﺪ ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ و اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﺘﺎم‬past simple ‫ ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﺴﯿﻂ‬since ‫ ﯾﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ‬، ‫ﻓﻲ ﺣـﺎﻟﺔ وﺟـﻮد ﻓﻌﻠﯿﻦ‬ * I haven’t seen her since she graduated. : since ‫ ﻣـﻊ‬ago ‫ﻻﺣﻆ أﻧﻪ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ * I haven't seen him since three years ago. : past simple ‫ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬، ‫ ﻓﻘﻂ‬ago ‫وﻟﻜﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ وﺟﻮد‬ * I saw him three years ago.  Last / The last time / ago + past simple :‫ ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻣﻀﺎرع ﺗﺎم ﻣﻨﻔﻰ‬since / for ‫ﻋﻨﺪ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ 1- I last had my hair cut when I was in Cairo. (since) = I haven’t had my hair cut since I was in Cairo. 2- The last time I met Jennie was in 2000. = I haven’t met Jennie since 2000. = I haven’t met Jennie for 9 years. = I haven't met Jennie since 9 years ago.

(since / for )

3- The last time I played chess was six years ago. (since/for) = I haven’t played chess since 2003. = I haven’t played chess for six years. = I haven't played chess since six years ago. :started to / began to + inf. ‫ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬for * He has learnt English for six years. (ago) He began / started to learn English six years ago.

‫ ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ‬ago ‫ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬

:‫ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺐ اﻵﺗﻲ‬for ‫ ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ‬since ‫ ﻻﺣﻆ اﻧﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬

It’s +    + since +  + last +  * He hasn’t visited his uncle for a long time. (since) It’s a long time since he last visited his uncle. :‫ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﺻﯿﻐﺔ ﺗﻔﻀﯿﻞ‬never ‫ ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ‬ever ‫ ﻻﺣﻆ اﻧﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ * I have never done such a tiring job. (This is…) = This is the most tiring job I have ever done. :such (a/an) adj. + n. ‫ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ever ‫ ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ‬never ‫ ﻻﺣﻆ اﻧﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ * This is the worst luck I have ever had. (never) = I have never had such bad luck. ‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﻔﯿــﺔ‬yet ‫ ﻻﺣﻆ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ * I haven’t finished my homework yet. :‫ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻣﻀﺎرع ﺗﺎم ﻣﻨﻔﻰ ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬still ‫ ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ‬yet ‫ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ * He is still writing the report. (yet) He hasn’t finished writing the report yet. :just / already ‫ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻔﻲ ﺟﻤــﻠﺔ ﺑﻬـﺎ‬yet ‫ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ * He has just arrived. He hasn’t arrived yet.

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

2nd secondary

1 st Part

Unit 2 Gulliver's Travels Gulliver's voyage to Lilliput After a storm at sea, Lemuel Gulliver, a ship's doctor, is shipwrecked on the island of Lilliput. The people of Lilliput are only 15cm tall so they think Gulliver is a giant snet by their enemies from the neighboring island of Belfusco. They are frightened, so they capture him and tie him to the ground to stop him from escaping. Gulliver tells the people his story and promises to help them in their fight against Belfusco. He soon becomes a favorite of the King. Gulliver then helps them to beat their enemies by stealing all their ships, but he does not agree with the idea of punishing people of the island. This makes the king angry and he decides that Gulliver must die. Luckily, a friend helps Gulliver to escape to Belfusco and sails home. ******************************************************************** In the story of Gulliver in Lilliput, Jonathan Swift is making fun of European politics. The war between the islands represents the war between old enemies within Europe. Swift also makes fun of the ridiculous things politicians argue about. He shows this by giving the people of Lilliput small minds as well as small bodies. In the story, they can't agree about whether you should break a boiled egg at the big end or the small end. On his second voyage, Gulliver sails to Brodbingnag, where the people are 18 meters tall. He has more exciting adventures. Only this time, Gulliver feels very small.

Key Vocabulary commentary diplomat explanation imaginative politician politics publish represent rediculous steal tie voyage



         

make fun of neighbouring giant employ employee employer employment unemployment government capture punish  punishment

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

           

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

2nd secondary

Vocabulary auther = writer churchman success science fiction web page Irish Ireland Russian French plough funny description describe govern power print contain realise discuss flat string rope within boiled adventure character argument scared unlike cruel vindictive

 discussion relations  contact  archaeologist  retired  storm  be shipwrecked  enemy  frightened  escape  favourite  beat = defeat  sail  foreigner (n)  steal  theft  sink / sank / sunk  hit  iceberg  forgive  modest  proposal  tale  tub  islanders  probably  include  opposite  diary  suffer  anger

1 st Part                               

Prepositions, Idioms & Expressions hear of / about hear from find answers to belong to work in politics become a success commentary on

      

think of / about give a ring speak for concerned with opinion on / about make available for

     

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

tie to stop … from + v. +ing tell a story fight against different from laugh at reward …. for win a war lose a war attach …. with get upset about at the age of argue about agree with

             

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       

find out about earn money earn his living have a shower catch the train miss the train fall off a bicycle on his journey

2nd secondary

1 st Part

disagree about frightened of get into trouble answer the phone at sea on the island famous for at that time

      

Synonyms  Word  start  author  ridiculous  small 

Synonym  begin  writer  silly  little / tiny 

Word  giant  neighbouring  make fun of  novel 

Synonym  big next laugh at story  fiction 

Antonyms  Word 

Antonym       

imaginative giant win agree asleep exciting

unimaginative dwarf lose disagree awake boring

     

Word Family Verb

Noun



steal

represent

stealth



ridicule  explain  commentate  imagine





neighbour  neighbourhood  representative  representation  ridicule  explanation  commentary  commentator  imagination 

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Adjective stolen  stealthy  neighbouring  neighbourly  representative  ridiculous explanatory 

imaginary imaginative 

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Language Notes steal – rob steal ‫ﯾﺴﺮق ﺷﯿﺊ‬ 1- A thief stole my bag. 2- The thief stole my money. rob ‫ﯾﺴﺮق ﻣﻜﺎن‬ * A gang robbed the bank yesterday. rob (somebody) of (something) ‫ﯾﺴﻠﺐ ﺷﯿﺊ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺨﺺ‬ * They robbed him of his money. ***************************** agree – accept agree to + inf. \ noun ‫ﯾﻮاﻓﻖ‬ 1- He agreed to sign the papers. 2- He agreed to our plan. agree with (someone) ‫ﯾﺘﻔﻖ ﻣﻊ‬ * I'm afraid I don't agree with you. agree on (something) ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺗﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﯿﺊ‬ * We agreed on a price for the car. agree that (sentence) ‫ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ * It was agreed that he was the thief. accept ( invitation / apology / condolences / bribes ) (‫ رﺷﻮة‬/ ‫ ﺗﻌﺎزي‬/‫ اﻋﺘﺬار‬/ ‫ﯾﻘﺒــﻞ ) دﻋﻮة‬ * He didn't accept her apology. ***************************** brain – mind – memory – memories brain ( ‫اﻟﻤﺦ ) ﻋﻀﻮ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﯾﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﯿﻪ‬ * The brain controls the parts of the body. mind ( ‫ ﺷﯿﺊ ﻟﯿﺲ ﻟﻪ وﺟﻮد‬...... ‫اﻟﻌﻘﻞ ) ﻃﺮﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﻔﻜﯿﺮ‬ * He changed his mind and bought the car. mind (v.) ‫ﯾﻤﺎﻧﻊ‬ * I don’t mind helping you. memory ‫اﻟﺬاﻛﺮه‬ * My mobile has 1GB card memory. memories ‫ذﻛﺮﯾﺎت‬ * We have good and bad memories. ***************************** foreigner – stranger foreigner ( ‫أﺟﻨﺒﻰ ) ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﻦ دوﻟﻪ أﺧﺮى‬ * He isn't from Egypt, he is a foreigner. stranger ( ‫ﻏﺮﯾﺐ ) ﺷﺨﺺ ﻻ أﻋﺮﻓﻪ‬ * I'm a stranger here, I don't know where the post office is. ****************************** sleep ‫ﯾﻨﺎم‬ sleep ‫ﯾﻨﺎم‬ * I always sleep at 12 at night. sleepy ‫ ﻣﻨﻌﻮس‬- ‫ﯾﻐﻠﺒﻪ اﻟﻨﻮم‬ * While I was watching the film, I felt sleepy.

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

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2nd secondary

asleep ‫ﻧﺎﺋﻢ‬ * The baby is asleep. fast asleep ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻐﺮق ﻓﻰ اﻟﻨﻮم‬ * He is fast asleep, He doesn't move. sleeping ‫ﺻﻔﻪ ﻟﻐﯿﺮ اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ‬ * The train has sleeping rooms. ***************************** remind – remember - remembering remind ‫ﯾُﺬﻛﺮ – ﯾﺘﺬﻛﺮ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﺷﺨﺺ‬ * He reminds me of his fat. He reminds me of his father. remind me later ‫ذﻛﺮﻧﻰ ﻓﯿﻤﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ‬ * He asked me to remind him later about the research remember ‫ﯾﺘﺬﻛﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻠﻘﺎء ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‬ * She remembered to take medicine. remembering ‫اﻟﺘﺬﻛﺮ‬ * He is good at remembering names. ***************************** Do a favour – favourable – favourite- in favour of do a favour ‫ﻣﻌﺮوف – ﺟﻤﯿﻞ‬ * He did me a favour I won’t forget. favourable ‫ﻣﺆﯾﺪ – ﻣﺸﺠﻊ – ﻓﻰ ﺻﺎﻟﺢ‬ * The reviews on his films are favourable. favourite ‫ﻣﻔﻀﻞ – ﻣﺤﺒﻮب‬ * My favourite sport is football. in favour of ‫ﻣﺆﯾﺪ ﻟـ‬ * We are in favour of his thoughts. ***************************** die ‫ﯾﻤﻮت‬ die of ‫ﯾﻤﻮت ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻣﺮض أو ﺟﻮع أو ﻋﻄﺶ‬ * He died of cancer. die out ‫ﯾﻨﻘﺮض‬ * Some dangerous animals died out. ***************************** win – beat – gain – earn win (‫ ﯾﻜﺴﺐ )ﻛﺄس – ﻣﺒﺎراه – إﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎت‬/ ‫ﯾﻔﻮز‬ * Egypt will win the cup I hope. beat (‫ ﯾﺘﻐﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ )ﺷﺨﺺ أو ﻓﺮﯾﻖ‬/ ‫ﯾﻬﺰم‬ * America could beat Sadam. gain ( ‫ﯾﻜﺘﺴﺐ ﺷﺊ ﻣﻌﻨﻮى ﻣﻔﯿﺪ ) ﺧﺒﺮه – ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت – ﺷﻬﺮه‬ * You gained a lot of information from the conference. ‫و ﺗﺸﯿﺮ اﻟﻰ زﯾﺎده ﻓﻰ اﻟﻮزن واﻟﺴﺮﻋﻪ واﻟﻜﻤﯿﻪ‬ 1- Ali gained 3 kilos in weight in the last month. 2- The plane gained speed to take off. earn ‫ﯾﻜﺴﺐ ) ﻗﻮت – رزق( ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻋﻤﻞ‬ 1- People work hard to earn money. 2- He works hard to earn his living. *****************************

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

1 st Part

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Prof In English

2nd secondary

1 st Part

make ‫ﯾﺠﻌﻞ‬ make + ‫ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬+ to ‫ﻣﺼﺪر ﺑﺪون‬ ‫ﯾﺠﻌﻞ‬ make + ‫ ﺷﺊ‬/ ‫ ﺷﺨﺺ‬+ ‫ﺻﻔﻪ‬ ‫ﯾﺠﻌﻞ‬ 1- They made him study hard. 2- Capital makes business successful. ***************************** hike – trip – picnic – journey – voyage – flight – tour hike ‫رﺣﻠﻪ ﻃﻮﯾﻠﻪ ﺳﯿﺮاً ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻗﺪام‬ * We went for a long hike in the country. go for (a hike) ‫ﯾﺬﻫﺐ ﻓﻰ رﺣﻠﻪ ﻃﻮﯾﻠﻪ ﺳﯿﺮاً ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻗﺪام‬ * He went for a hike in the country. trip ‫رﺣﻠﻪ ﻗﺼﯿﺮه‬ * He is in a business trip in London. picnic ‫ﻧﺰﻫﻪ ﺧﻠﻮﯾﻪ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻬﻮاء اﻟﻄﻠﻖ‬ * We had a picnic by the sea. journey ‫رﺣﻠﻪ ﻃﻮﯾﻠﻪ‬ * How long is the journey to the coast? voyagae ‫رﺣﻠﻪ ﺑﺤﺮﯾﻪ‬ * We went on a voyage by ship. flight ‫رﺣﻠﻪ ﺟﻮﯾﻪ‬ * The flight to Saudi Arabia took two hours. tour ‫ﺟﻮﻟﻪ ﺳﯿﺎﺣﯿﻪ‬ * We went on a tour to the city. *****************************  Give a ring = phone ً‫ﯾﺘﺼﻞ ﺗﻠﯿﻔﻮﻧﯿ ﺎ‬ ***************************** ‫ اذا ﺟﺎءت ﻣﻊ ﻫﺬه اﻷﻗﻌﺎل‬home ‫ ﻻﺣﻆ ﻋﺪم اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺣﺮف ﺟﺮ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬ Go / return / arrive home ‫ ﻓﯿﻤﺎ ﯾﻠﻲ‬in ‫ ﻻﺣﻆ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻻﺳﻢ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺣﺮف اﻟﺠﺮ‬ 3 metres in height 5 inches in length 5 centimetres in depth ‫وﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﺪم وﺟﻮد ﺣﺮف ﺟﺮ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﺼﻔﺔ‬ 3 metres high 5 inches long 5 centimetres deep None + ‫ﻓﻌﻞ ﺟﻤﻊ‬ * Although I read many books, none (of them) were as useful as the one I borrowed from you. ***************************** ‫ ﻟﻠﺰﻣﻦ ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻲ ﯾﺴﺘﻐﺮق‬take ‫ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ 1- It took me two hours to finish the homework. 2- How long does it take to do this job? ***************************** ‫ ﻟﻠﺴﺆال ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻜﯿﺔ‬whose ‫ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ * Whose book is that? = Who does that book belong to? *****************************  at the end (of) ‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ ﯾﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ اﻻﺳﻢ‬ in the end ‫ﯾﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﺟﻤﻠﺔ أو ﺗﺄﺗﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬ 1- My house is at the end of this street.

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

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2nd secondary

1 st Part

We went shopping and visited some friends. In the end, we went home. *****************************  It + (be) + adj. + to+inf. * It is funny to read about the small people of Lilliput. ***************************** ‫ اذا ﺟﺎءت ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﻛﻠﻤﺎت ﺗﺪل ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﺰﻣﻦ‬next ‫ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬the ‫ ﻻ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ next week / next summer ‫ اذا ﺟﺎءت ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ اﺳﻢ‬next ‫ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬the ‫ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ * The next book I'm going to read is Gulliver's Travels. ***************************** :‫ ﻻﺣﻆ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﻔﺮد ﺑﻌﺪ أﺳﻤﺎء اﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺣﺘﻲ ﻟﻮ ﻛﺎن اﻻﺳﻢ ﯾﺪل ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻊ‬ Gulliver's Travels is a funny novel. *****************************  The reason why + ‫ﺟﻤﻠﺔ‬ The reason for + n. / V+ing 1- The reason why he came late was that he missed the bus. 2- The reason for his absence was that he was ill. ***************************** a stolen car a broken window ‫ ﻻﺣﻆ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺘﺼﺮﯾﻒ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻟﺒﻌﺾ اﻷﻓﻌﺎل ﻛﺼﻔﺔ‬ a used book a written test ***************************** ‫ ﻫﻨﺎك ﻛﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت ﻟﻬﺎ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ‬ book ‫ ﯾﺤﺠﺰ‬/ ‫ ﻛﺘﺎب‬ring ‫ ﯾﺘﺼﻞ ب‬/ ‫ﺧﺎﺗﻢ‬ realize ‫ ﯾﺤﻘﻖ‬/ ‫ﯾﺪرك‬ tie ‫ راﺑﻄﺔ‬/ ‫ ﯾﺮﺑﻂ‬match ‫ﻛﺒﺮﯾﺖ‬/‫ﯾﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬ die

‫ﯾﻤﻮت‬

live(adj.) ‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻬﻮاء‬

died

‫ ﻣﺎت‬dead ‫ﻣﯿﺖ‬

alive ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﯿﺪ اﻟﺤﯿﺎه‬

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

life

‫ﺣﯿﺎة‬

‫ ﻻﺣﻆ اﻟﻔﺮق ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت اﻵﺗﯿﺔ‬ deadly / ‫ﻣﻤﯿﺖ‬ death ‫اﻟﻤﻮت‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺗﻞ‬ lively ‫ ﺑﻬﯿﺞ‬/ ‫ ﻧﺸﯿﻂ‬living ‫ﻣﻌﯿﺸﺔ‬

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Prof In English Language Functions Asking for opinion  Asking opinion - What do you think of / about ……. ? - What's your opinion of / about …. ? - What / How about + v. + ing ….. ? - How do you like ……. ?

- Could I + inf. ……… , please - Would you + inf. ……., please? - I’d be grateful if you could…… - I wonder if you could……

1 st Part

Giving opinion - It’s wonderful / interesting. - I like it very much. - It ‘s boring/expensive - It's really exciting and very funny

Requesting 

Request - Could (Can) you + inf.….. , please?

2nd secondary

Response Agreeing: - Yes, of course. / Certainly. - It’s a pleasure. / With pleasure. Refusing: - I’m sorry. / I’m afraid I can’t.

- I’d like……………, please. Would (Do) you mind + v. + ing……?

Agreeing: - No, not at all. / No, of course not. Refusing: - Yes, I would (do). (Refusing)

Thanking  Thanking - Thanks a lot. / Thank you - How thoughtful of you! - Thank you for………………… - That’s very kind of you.

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Response - Not at all. - Don’t mention it. - You’re welcome. - It’s a pleasure.

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Grammar Conjunctions : ‫رواﺑﻂ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ أﻓﻜﺎر أو ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬ and \ as well as \ neither … nor \ either … or \ both … and \ not only … but also \ or \ in addition to \ besides

and ‫" و" ﺗﺮﺑﻂ ﺑﯿﻦ إﺳﻤﯿﻦ أو ﻓﻌﻠﯿﻦ أو ﻓﻜﺮﺗﯿﻦ ﻣﺘﺮادﻓﺘﯿﻦ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬ 1- Swift worked as a politician and churchman. 2- They captured Gulliver and tied him to the ground. 3- We bought milk, cheese and eggs.

‫ﻓـﺎﻋـﻞ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻷوﻟـﻰ‬

as well as in addition to besides

‫ ﻓـﺎﻋـﻞ اﻟﺠﻤـﻠﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿـﺔ‬+ ‫ﻓﻌـﻞ اﻟﺠﻤـﻠﺔ اﻷوﻟـﻰ‬

as well as 1- I'm clever. He is clever. I as well as he am clever.

(as well as )

‫ ﺟﻤـﻠـﺔ ﻛـﺎﻣﻠـﺔ‬+ as well as + ( v + ing ) ‫ ﺟﻤــﻠﺔ ﻛــﺎﻣﻠـﺔ‬+ as well as + ‫ﻣﻔﻌـــﻮل‬

‫ﻟﻠﺮﺑﻂ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻓﻌﻠﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺮﺑﻂ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻟﯿﻦ‬

2- He bought the book. He studied the lesson . (as well as ) He bought the book as well as studying the lesson. 3- I speak English. I speak French. (as well as ) I speak English as well as French.

both …. and Samy ran faster than both Ali and Noha. salwa both did her homework and ironed her dress.

in addition

in addition + ‫ﺟﻤﻠﺔ‬ in addition to + v- ing

‫ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﻟﻰ ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻲ‬

1- In addition to going to the market, we went to the zoo. 2- We went to the market. In addition, we went to the zoo.

either …. or \ or

either……or (‫ أو )ﻟﻠﻤﻔﺎﺿﻠﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻓﻌﻠﯿﻦ‬....... ‫إﻣﺎ‬ or (‫أو )ﻟﻠﻤﻔﺎﺿﻠﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺷﯿﯿﺌﯿﻦ‬

1- He must pay the money. He will go to prison. - He must either pay the money or go to prison.

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

(either … or)

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‫وﻻ‬.......‫ﻻ‬ .‫ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻬﻢ ﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺟﻤﻠﺘﯿﻦ ﻣﻨﻔﯿﺘﯿﻦ‬ :‫ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻬﻢ ﻟﻨﻔﻰ اﻟﺠﻤﻞ اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﺤﺘﻮى ﻋﻠﻰ‬

neither …. nor either ……or‫ أو‬........ ‫إﻣﺎ‬

1 st Part

both …….and

‫ أو‬....... ‫ﻛ ﻼً ﻣﻦ‬ :‫ﻣﻊ اﻟﺠﻤﻞ اﻟﺘﻰ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ واﺣﺪ وﻓﻌﻼن ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺐ اﻷﺗﻰ‬

‫ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬+ neither + ‫ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻷول ﻣﺜﺒﺖ‬+ nor +‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ‬ +

1) Heba didn't cook. She didn't clean the house. - Heba neither cooked nor cleaned the house. :‫( وﻻ ﯾﺘﻜﺮر ﻛﺎﻷﺗﻰ‬neither) ‫( ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﯾﺄﺗﻰ ﻗﺒﻞ‬be) ‫إذا ﻛﺎن ﻓﻌﻞ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ 1) Ali wasn't hungry. He wasn't tired. - Ali was neither hungry nor tired. (neither) ‫( ﻓﺈﻧﻨﺎ ﻧﻀﻊ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻗﺒﻞ‬will come – has eating) ‫إذا ﻛﺎن ﻓﻌﻞ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﻪ ﯾﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ ﻛﻠﻤﺘﯿﻦ ﻣﺜﻞ‬ (nor) ‫واﻻﻓﻌﺎل اﻷﺧﺮى ﺑﻌﺪ‬ 1) Noha hasn't done the homework. She hasn't read a story. - Noha has neither done the homework nor read a story. :‫ﻣﻊ اﻟﺠﻤﻞ اﻟﺘﻰ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻓﺎﻋﻼن ﻓﻌﻼ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﺸﯿﺊ "ﻟﻬﻤﺎ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ" ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺐ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻰ‬ Neither + ‫ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ اﻷول‬+ nor + ‫ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ‬+ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ‬

1) Hany wasn't angry. Fady wasn't angry. - Neither Hany nor Fady was angry. 2) Feeby can't read French. Shenouda can't read French. - Neither Feeby nor Shenouda can't read French.

not only … but also

ً‫وﻟﻜﻦ أﯾﻀ ﺎ‬......‫ﻟﯿﺲ ﻓﻘﻂ‬ :‫إذا ﻛﺎن ﻓﻌﻞ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﻪ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬

‫ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬+ ‫ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬+ not only + but + ‫ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬+ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬+ also + …

1) Ali is a doctor. He is a player. - Ali is not only a doctor, but he is also a player. 2) Nadia will study. She will do the housework. - Nadia will not only study, but she will also do the housework. :‫إذا ﻛﺎن ﻓﻌﻞ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﻪ ﻋﺎدﯾﺎً ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ ‫ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬+ do\does\did + not only + ‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬...... , but + ‫ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬+ also + ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬

1) Dina watches TV. She reads a story. - Dina doesn't only watch TV, but she also reads a story. :‫إذا ﻛﺎن ﻫﻨﺎك ﻓﺎﻋﻼن ﻓﻰ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﻪ ﯾﻘﻮﻣﺎن ﺑﻌﻤﻞ ﺷﯿﺊ واﺣﺪ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ Not only + ‫ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ اﻻول‬+ , but also + ‫ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ‬+ ‫ ﻓﻌﻞ‬+ ........

1) Samy is a doctor. Hany is a doctor. - Not only samy, but also Hany is a doctor. 2) Katy did the housework. Feeby did the housework. - Not only Katy, but also Feeby did the housework.

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

2nd secondary

1 st Part

‫رواﺑﻂ ﻹﻋﻄﺎء اﻟﺴﺒﺐ‬ because \ because of \ as \ in case\ since \ owing to \ due to \ thanks to \ for \ being ‫ﻟﻠﺮﺑـــﻂ ﺑﯿـﻦ ﺟﻤﻠﺘﯿـــﻦ ﻗﺒﻠﻬـــﺎ ﻧﺘﯿﺠــــﺔ وﺑﻌـــﺪﻫـﺎ ﺳﺒـﺐ‬ because / as / since + ‫ ﻓﺎﻋــــﻞ‬+‫ﻓﻌـــﻞ‬ 1- She is very beautiful. The girls are jealous of her. - The girls are jealous of her because she is very beautiful.

(because)

because of - owing to due to - for - out of noun or( v + ing ) thanks to - in case Being + ( adjective ) ‫ﺻـﻔــــﺔ‬ 1- The girls are very jealous of her because she is very beautiful. (due to - Being) * The girls are very jealous of her due to her beauty. * Being very beautiful, the girls are very jealous of her. 2- We lost the match. We played badly. (due to) * We lost the match due to bad play. 3- We lost the game. We played badly. (through) * We lost the game through bad play. 4- We didn’t play the match. The weather was bad. (owing to) * We didn’t play the match owing to bad weather. 5- He went to the doctor because he was ill. (because of) * He went to the doctor because of his illness. * He went to the doctor because of being ill. :‫ ﻗﺒﻠﻪ‬not ‫ ﯾﻨﻔﻲ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ing ‫ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﻤﻀﺎف ﻟﻪ‬ - He couldn't pay his debts. He didn't have any money. (due to) He couldn't pay his debts due to not having any money. ‫رواﺑﻂ ﻟﻠﻨﺘﯿﺠﻪ‬ so \ so that \ to \ in order to \ in order that \ so as to\ in the hope that \ consequently \ that's why\ therfore present past

so that in order that in the hope that

can - may + ‫ﻣﺼـــﺪر‬ could - might + ‫ﻣﺼـــﺪر‬

1- I'll go home. I want to take some rest. ( so that ) I'll go home so that I can take some rest. 2- He travelled to London. He wanted to take a degree. ( in order that ) He travelled to London in order that he might (could) take degree. so as to / in order to / to + ‫اﻟﻤﺼـــﺪر‬

1- I'll go home. I want to take some rest. ( so that \ so as to ) * I'll go home so that I can take some rest. * I'll go home so as to take some rest. 2- The fishermen go to the sea. They want to catch fish. ( in order that \ to )

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

2nd secondary

* The fishermen go to the sea in order that they may catch fish. * The fishermen go to the sea to catch fish.

1 st Part

Therefore ‫ و ﻟﻬﺬا اﻟﺴﺒﺐ‬- consequently ‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬: That’s why ‫ و ﻟﻬﺬا اﻟﺴﺒﺐ‬- So ‫ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬: ‫و ﯾﺄﺗﻰ ﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ ﺟﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺴﺒﺐ و ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﺟﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﻨﺘﯿﺠﺔ‬ 1- I got a good degree. I didn’t have difficulty getting a job. (therefore / so) * I got a good degree, therefore I didn’t have difficulty getting a job. * I got a good degree, so I didn’t have difficulty getting a job. 2- I felt ill. I went to bed. (That’s why/ consequently) * I felt ill. That’s why I went to bed. * I felt ill, consequently I went to bed. ‫ ﻋﻨــﺪ اﺳﺘﺨـــﺪام اﻟﺮواﺑـــﻂ اﻟﺴـﺎﺑﻘـﺔ‬wish to, hope to, want to ‫ ﺗﺤـــﺬف اﻟﻜﻠﻤــﺎت‬ ‫رواﺑﻂ ﺗﻔﯿﺪ اﻟﺘﻨﺎﻗﺾ‬ but \ although \though \ however \ even though \ whatever \ \ in spite of \ despite

but - however 1- He is young. He is strong. (but – however) * He is young, but he is strong. * He is young, however he is strong. * He is young. However, he is strong. ‫ ﯾﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ اﻟﺼﻔﺔ ﺛﻢ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ و اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬However ‫ ﻻﺣﻆ أﻧﻪ إذا ﺑﺪأت اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺑـ‬ * However young he is, he is strong. although/ though / even though ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ‬ 1- He is rich. He feels unhappy. (Although) - Although he is rich, he feels unhappy. ‫ ﺣﯿﺚ أن اﻟﺤﺪث ﻏﯿﺮاﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗﻊ ﯾﺄﺗﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬although / though / even though ‫ ﻻﺣﻆ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ اﻟﺠﻤﻞ ﻣﻊ‬ . He feels unhappy ‫و ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﻧﺠﺪ أن اﻟﺤﺪث ﻏﯿﺮ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗﻊ ﻫﻮ‬ In spite of Despite ‫ ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ‬+ n. / v-ing / adj.+n. 1- Although he was poor, he felt happy. (In spite of) * In spite of being poor, he felt happy. * In spite of his poverty, he felt happy. 2- Though there was noise outside, I went to sleep immediately. (Despite) Despite the noise outside, I went to sleep immediately. In spite of the fact that Despite the fact that

+ ‫ﺟﻤﻠﺔ‬

1- The man was a criminal. He was set free. (Despite) * Despite being a criminal, the man was set free. * Despite the fact that the man was a criminal, he was set free.

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

2nd secondary

1 st Part

Whatever + ‫ إﺳــﻢ‬+ ‫ ﻓـﺎﻋــﻞ‬+ ‫ﻓـﻌــﻞ‬ * However strong he was, he couldn’t work. ًWhatever strength he has , he can’t work.

( Whatever )

if \ unless ‫رواﺑﻂ ﺷﺮﻃﯿﻪ‬

"first conditional "if" ‫ﻟﻮ" اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻪ اﻷوﻟﻰ‬ If + Present simple

will / may / can / must

may/must / ‫ و ﺗﺠﺪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ أﻓﻌﺎل ﻧﺎﻗﺼﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ‬present simple ‫ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻷوﻟﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﺪم وﺟﻮد‬ : ‫ وﺗﺪل ﻋﻠﻲ اﺣﺘﻤﺎل وﻗﻮع اﻟﺤﺪث‬or ‫ أو ﻓﻌﻞ أﻣﺮ أو‬will  1- If I earn some money, I'll go abroad.  2- If we have enough time, we'll visit Ahmed. :‫ وﻗﺪ ﺗﻌﺒﺮ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻮﻗﻒ رﺑﻤﺎ ﯾﻜﻮن ﺣﻘﯿﻘﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع‬  3- If you are hot, I'll buy you a cool drink. :‫ ﻻﺣﻆ اﻧﻪ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻓﻌﻞ أﻣﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬  1- You may see Frank. If so, give him a message for me, please.. (If…) If you see Frank, give him a message for me, please.  2- She may have enough time tomorrow. If so, she will type the reports. (If…) If she has enough time tomorrow, she will type the reports.  3- She must pay the fine or she will go to jail. (If…) If she doesn't pay the fine, she will go to jail ‫اﻟﺴﺠﻦ‬. :‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬it is + adj. + to + inf. ‫ ﻻﺣﻆ اﻧﻪ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬  * If you go to Mozambique, it is possible to find work there. if ‫ ﻻﺣﻆ ﺻﯿﻐﺔ اﻟﺴﺆال ﻣﻊ‬ * What will happen if you lose all your money?

unless ‫ﻟﻮ ﻟﻢ‬ 1- If you don't study hard, you can't pass the exam. Unless you study hard you can't pass the exam. 2- I'll visit you tomorrow if I don't travel to Cairo. I'll visit you tomorrow unless I travel to Cairo.

If not ‫ ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻲ‬unless ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ (Unless) (unless)

while \ when \ after \ before \ as soon as \ since \ until ‫رواﺑﻂ زﻣﻨﯿﻪ‬ 1- While reading the newspaper, I fell asleep. 2- As soon as I saw it, I wanted to buy it. 3- When I got home, I did my homework. 4- Before I went to bed, I phoned my friend. 5- I haven't seen him since he was in Canada. 6- The thief waited until it got dark to rob the bank before ‫ وأن اﻟﺤﺪث اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﺟﺎء ﺑﻌﺪ‬when / as soon as ‫ ﻻﺣﻆ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻞ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ أن اﻟﺤﺪث اﻷول ﺟﺎء ﺑﻌﺪ‬

where \ wherever ‫رواﺑﻂ اﻟﻤﻜﺎن‬ 1- Where the road is narrow, big trucks can't get through. 2- The dog follows the boy wherever he goes.

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

2nd secondary

Unit 3 Today's money

1 st Part

People use computers for many different activities, from reading online newspapers to listening to music, but the fastest-growing areas of computer used are online shopping and internet banking. Until recently, shoppers had two choices: they could buy things from a catalogue. What has made internet shopping so popular is the increase in the number of broadband internet connections. To attract customers, many online shops and companies now have interesting, users-friendly websites which make buying things easier than traditional ways of shopping. With just a few clicks of the mouse, you can order almost anything you can find in ordinary shops. In some countries, people order their food online and have it delivered by supermarkets to their homes. In Britain, experts believe that in the next year, online shopping will increase. As well as being easier for people with busy lives, internet shopping also helps people to look for thing they can't find in their own area and find them at the cheapest prices. Interestingly, researchers have found that the largest increase in online shopping is among men. People are also changing to internet banking. In the past, everyone used to go into their bank to put money into their accounts or to arrange to borrow money. Now, more and more people are doing all their banking activities online. Some people never visit a real bank when they need cash, they get it from a cash machine.

Key Vocabulary debit card credit card bargain cash cheque online shopping surf the internet broadband connection traditional user-friendly account activity attract

              

catalogue currency interestingly growth cost click mouse charitable banking bank account survey complain complaint

            

Vocabulary euro dollar pound

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

 popular  customer  shopper

  

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English yen price priceless incredible fantastic adult market impossible order item supermarket immediately puzzle relax model robber

               

shop convenient risky risk actually fraud avoid damaged postcode clearly trust package goods

            

2nd secondary website deliver delivery cash card increase cash machine attractive details postman save details disdabled people products production produce cheaply

st 1 Part 

              

            

check coins banknotes exhange value tigers teeth ivory shopping habits sample expert ordinary adequately protect

Prepositions, Idioms & Expressions pay for buy …. For proud of worried about thank for connect to pleased with by debit card give …. back communicate with set up wait for get / log onto the internet by post increase in

              

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

decrease in at the cheapest price put …. into disadvantages to do a team sport over the years win a prize pick up go on a journey do the banking wake up go on holiday order from the internet order by phone by road

              

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

2nd secondary

1 st Part

Antonyms  Word credit advantage cheap sell credible



Antonym     

 debit disadvantage  expensive  buy  incredible

Word Family Verb connect grow  interest  attract 

Noun tradition  connection  growth  charity  interest  attraction 

Adjective

Adverb

traditional

traditionally

growing  charitable  interesting  attractive 

interestingly attractively 

Language Notes Debit card – Credit card Debit card ‫ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻣﺴﺒﻮﻗﺔ اﻟﺪﻓﻊ وﻋﻨﺪ ﺷﺮاء ﺷﻲء ﯾﺨﺼﻢ ﺛﻤﻨﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﻚ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة‬ Credit card ‫ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﺋﺘﻤﺎن وﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﺮاء وﯾﺘﻢ ﺧﺼﻢ اﻟﺜﻤﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﺴﺎب ﻓﯿﻤﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ***************************** allow ( permit )+obj. + to + inf. = let + inf ‫ﺳﻤﺢ ﺑـ‬ 1- He let me use the phone (allow) He allowed me to use the phone. 2- They do not allow anyone to smoke here. allow + ing ing ‫اذا ﺟﺎء ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة ﯾﻀﺎف ﻟﻪ‬ * They do not allow smoking here. ***************************** habit - custom habit (‫ﻋﺎدة ) ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺔ‬ * It’s my habit to get up early. custom (‫ﻋﺎدة ) ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ ﺟﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬ * It is a custom to give presents at Christmas. ***************************** Do/make/carry out a survey ‫ﯾﻘﻮم ﺑﻌﻤﻞ دراﺳﺔ أو اﺳﺘﻄﻼع رأي‬ ***************************** Look forward to + v-ing ‫ﯾﺘﻄﻠﻊ اﻟﻰ‬ * I look forward to visiting London. ***************************** Special – private Special (= not ordinary) ‫ ﻣﺘﻤﯿﺰ‬/‫ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮع ﺧﺎص‬ Special care ‫رﻋﺎﯾﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬ special attention ‫اﻫﺘﻤﺎم ﺧﺎص‬ The government gives special care to reclaiming the desert. This is a special kind of cloth.

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

2nd secondary

private ‫( ﺗﻔﯿﺪ اﻟﻤﻠﻜﯿﺔ‬opposite: public ‫)ﻋﺎم‬ a private school ‫ﻣﺪرﺳﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬ a private hospital ‫ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻔﻲ ﺧﺎص‬ * This is my private life. You have no right to interfere. ‫ﯾﺘﺪﺧﻞ‬ ***************************** rather/Prefer Would rather + inf. ………….than + inf. ‫ﯾﻔﻀﻞ‬ * I’d rather go to the cinema than watch TV. Would rather + inf. +n.-------than + n. ‫ﯾﻔﻀﻞ‬ * I’d rather have coffee than tea. Prefer + ing… to… ing ‫ﯾﻔﻀﻞ‬ * I prefer playing to studying. prefer + n. … to…+ n. ‫ﯾﻔﻀﻞ‬ * I prefer tea to coffee. another – other - others another + ‫اﺳﻢ ﻣﻔﺮد ﯾﻌﺪ‬. / one (= one more / a different one) ‫ إﺿﺎﻓﻰ‬/ ‫أﺧﺮ‬ This tea is nice. I’d like another cup. He lost his job. He’s trying to find another one. another + (few / number : two, three,….) The woman lived for another ten days. I’d like to stay here for another few weeks. other + ‫اﺳﻢ ﺟﻤﻊ ﯾﻌﺪ‬/ ( ‫)و أﺣﯿﺎﻧﺎ اﺳﻢ ﻻ ﯾﻌﺪ‬ ‫أﺧﺮ‬ I need to discuss this with other colleagues. There was certainly other information. (‫) ﻻ ﺗﺠﻤﻊ‬ others + v. ‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺄﺗﻰ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬ Some people are rich; others ‫ اﻟﺒﻌﺾ اﻷﺧﺮ‬are poor. Some writers are greater than others ‫اﻵﺧﺮﯾﻦ‬. ***************************** Currency – coin - banknote currency ‫ﻋﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺪوﻟﻪ‬ *The pound is the currency of Egypt. coin ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﯿﻪ‬ * Coins are easy to use banknote ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻪ ورﻗﯿﻪ‬ * The assistant asked the client to pay banknotes. ***************************** exchange exchange ( n, v ) ‫إﺳﺘﺒـﺪال أو ﺗﺒـﺎدل ـ ﯾﺴﺘﺒـﺪل ﺑـ ـ ﯾﺘﺒـﺎدل‬ * I'd like to exchange this shirt. exchange …. For ( ‫ﯾﺴﺘﺒـﺪل ) ﺷﯿﺌـﺎ ﺑﺸـﺊ أو ﺷﺨﺼـﺎ ﺑﺸﺨـﺺ آﺧـﺮ‬ * She exchanged a blouse for a skirt. exchange…. With ‫ ﻣـﻊ ﺷﺨـﺺ‬.... ‫ﯾﺘﺒـﺎدل‬ * He exchanged things with his friends. in exchange for = in return with ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﯿـﻞ اﻟﻤﺒـﺎدﻟـﺔ‬، ‫ﻓﻰ ﻣﻘـﺎﺑـﻞ‬ * She gave her friend a skirt in exchange for a blouse. ***************************** raise - rise - arise - arouse raise ( d ) + ‫ﻣﻔﻌـﻮل‬ ‫ ﯾﺮﻓـﻊ‬/ ‫ ﯾﺠﻤـﻊ ﻣـﺎل‬/ ‫ﯾـﺮﺑﻰ ﺣﯿﻮاﻧـﺎت‬ 1- Raise your hand if you want to answer. 2- He raised a lot of money a broad. 3- His uncle raises cattle and sheep

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

1 st Part

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

2nd secondary

1 st Part

rise rose risen ( ‫) ﺑـﺪون ﻣﻔﻌـﻮل‬ ‫ ﯾـﺰداد‬/ ‫ ﯾﻨﻬـﺾ‬/ ‫ ﺗﺸـﺮق‬/ ‫ﯾﺮﺗﻔـﻊ‬ 1- The sun rises in the east. 2- When the visitor entered, all students rose. 3- I rise at 6.00 in the morning. 4- Taxis fare have risen. arise arose arisen ( ‫ ﯾﻨﺸـﺄ ) ﺑـﺪون ﻣﻔﻌـﻮل‬/ ‫ ﯾﺤﺘـﺪم‬/ ‫ﯾـﺰﯾﺪ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺤـﺪ‬ * A lot of problems arise because of misunderstanding. arouse ( d ) + ( ‫) ﻣﻔﻌـﻮل‬ ‫ ﯾﻮﻗـﻆ‬/‫ﯾﺜﯿـﺮ‬ 1- His behavior aroused the suspicion of the police. 2- Don’t arouse the baby. ***************************** : ‫ﻻﺣﻆ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻌﺒﺎرات اﻵﺗﯿﺔ‬ Raise / increase the prices ‫ﯾﺮﻓﻊ أو ﯾﺰﯾﺪ اﻷﺳﻌﺎر‬ Reduce / bring down the prices ‫ﯾﻘﻠﻞ اﻷﺳﻌﺎر‬ The prices rise / go up ‫اﻷﺳﻌﺎر ﺗﺰداد أو ﺗﺮﺗﻔﻊ‬ The prices fall / go down ‫اﻷﺳﻌﺎر ﺗﻘﻞ أو ﺗﻨﺨﻔﺾ‬ Control the prices ‫ﯾﺴﯿﻄﺮ أو ﯾﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻷﺳﻌﺎر‬ Be good value for money ‫ﯾﺴﺘﺤﻖ ﻣﺎ ﯾﺪﻓﻊ ﻓﯿﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎل‬ Be poor value for money ‫ﻻ ﯾﺴﺘﺤﻖ ﻣﺎ ﯾﺪﻓﻊ ﻓﯿﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎل‬ The financial crisis ‫اﻷزﻣﺔ اﻟﻤﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬ ***************************** ‫ ﻣﻌﯿﻨﺔ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ أن ﯾﺒﺪأ ﺑﻬﺎ اﻟﻜﻼم و ﯾﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﺟﻤﻠﺔ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬adverbs ‫♦ ﻫﻨﺎك‬ 1- Interestingly‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺸﻮق‬, many people prefer to use traditional banks than online banking. 2- Undoubtedly ‫ﺑﻼ ﺷﻚ‬, he is the best person for the job. ***************************** : ‫ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت اﻵﺗﯿﺔ‬to+inf. ‫♦ ﻻﺣﻆ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ The first ‫ اﻷول‬/ the second ‫ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ‬/the next ‫ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻰ‬/ the last ‫ اﻷﺧﯿﺮ‬------+to-inf. 1- He was the first to arrive at the party. 2- Mr. John was the next to speak at the meeting. ***************************** ‫ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ وﺟﻮد أﺣﺪ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت اﻵﺗﯿﺔ‬ other ‫ ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ‬the / some / every / each / many / any / no / number 1- Please, John, bring the other chairs here. 2- I love my son like any other mother does. 3- He gave me one book and kept the other one. 4- Steven and three other boys went to the party. ********************************

Language Functions Asking for information

Giving information

- Yes, that's fine. Yes, certainly. - I'd rather not answer that question. - You're welcome.

Excuse me, could I ask you some questions about…? Yes, of course.

Could you tell me…? Can you say why / why not? Thank you for your time.

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

2nd secondary

1 st Part

Grammar Revision of tenses :‫☺ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت ﻫﺎﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻲ اﻷزﻣﻨﺔ‬ ‫ ﻓﻲ اﻷزﻣﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮة‬be ‫ﻻﺣﻆ ﻋﺪم اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻓﻌﻞ‬ 1- While she was in London, she visited many places. 2- She (be) in Cairo at the moment. (Correct the verb) She is in Cairo at the moment. :‫ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺠﻤﻞ ﻧﺴﺘﺪل ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﻣﻌﻨﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺘﯿﻦ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺘﯿﻦ ﯾﺪل ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ 1- Hurry up! We are all waiting for you. 2- Be quiet. I am studying my lessons. :‫اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ ﯾﺪل ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ * Between 9 and 11 p.m. yesterday, he was watching TV. :‫اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ ﯾﺪل ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ‬ * I spent all my childhood in Cairo. :‫ﻻﺣﻆ اﻟﻔﺮق ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ اﻵﺗﯿﺔ‬ 1- What are you doing? ‫ﻟﻠﺴﺆال ﻋﻤﺎ ﯾﻔﻌﻠﻪ اﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﻓﻲ ﻟﺤﻈﺔ اﻟﻜﻼم‬ I am reading a story. / I am studying my lessons. 2- What do you do? ‫ﻟﻠﺴﺆال ﻋﻦ اﻟﻮﻇﯿﻔﺔ‬ I am an engineer. / I am a dentist. 3- How do you do? ‫ﺗﺤﯿﺔ ﺗﻘﺎل ﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﻧﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﻷول ﻣﺮة‬ How do you do? / I'm pleased to meet you. ‫وﻻﺣﻆ أﻧﻨﺎ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﺼﯿﻐﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺮد‬ :‫ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻌﺒﺎرات اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﺨﻄﺎب ﻟﺼﺪﯾﻖ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ 1- I'm writing this letter to tell you that … 2- I'm looking forward to hearing from you. :‫ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ أو اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ‬feel / hurt ‫اﻷﻓﻌﺎل‬ * How do you feel? / How are you feeling? My head hurts. / My head is hurting. :‫ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻲ ﯾﺪل ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﺤﺎﺿﺮ أو اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻻت ﻣﻌﯿﻨﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ‬I'd rather / It is time ‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ وﺟﻮد ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ‬ 1- I'd rather you didn't smoke here. 2- It is time we went home. It is too late. :‫ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺘﻤﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺎﺿﺮ‬I wish ‫وﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ ﺑﻌﺪ‬ * I wish I had a computer. = I don't have a computer now. :‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬If ‫وﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ ﺑﻌﺪ‬ * If he had enough money, he would travel abroad. :‫ﻻﺣﻆ اﻟﻔﺮق ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺠﻤﻞ اﻵﺗﯿﺔ‬ 1- When I woke up, my father left. = He left at the moment I woke up. - When I woke up, my father had left. = He left before I woke up. 2- I saw my cousin again last year. I thought he was tall. = I thought he was tall at the time I saw him. - I saw my cousin again last year. I had thought he was tall. = I thought he was tall before I saw him.

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English 2nd secondary 1 st Part The Past Perfect Tense  Formation   had + past participle

I had received a letter from my uncle . She had made a new dress .

  They’d (had) found the lost child .

   #   ’dhad♣



Usage

                                    - I played with toys which Dad had given me.    When I arrived at the party, Tom left. = Tom left when I arrived. When I arrived at the party, Tom had left. = Tom left before I arrived.   .  If he had got up early ,he would have caught the train . She wouldn’t have succeeded unless she had studied hard . The boy walked as if he had had a broken leg . If only she had finished her work early , she would have gone out . I wish Seham had attended the last meeting .   . (already)  He had already fed the goats . She had already milked the caw .

 Negative



  hadn’t(had (not♣   Amir had not (hadn’t) tidied his room. Seham had not (hadn’t) arranged the table .

Interonegative

 ♣ 

Had Ayman cleaned his teeth before breakfast ? Why had they gone out at that time ?  (had♣   ♥ No , subject + hadn’t .  ♥ Yes , subject + had  Had Hany bought a new camera for the journey ? ♠ Yes , he had . ♠ No , he hadn’t .

 Key words

after  / as soon as  / when / till / until  before  / by the time / no sooner….than  hardly (scarcely)……when ……  / by  /the moment

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi



Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

2nd secondary

1 st Part

After   After I had done my homework, I watched TV . SimpleComplex After ( ) or ( v + ing )   Having pp   After doing my homework, I watched TV . ( Having ) Having done my homework, I watched TV . First he played, then he washed . ( After ) After he had played, he washed . ( Having ) Having played, he washed .  before  I did my homework I went to bed . ( before ) I had done my homework before I went to bed . Before I went to bed, I had done my homework .   SimpleComplex  before   or ( v + ing ) I had done my homework before going to bed . Before going to bed, I had done my homework   till – until  I went to bed. I did my homework . ( until ) I didn't go to bed till ( until ) I had done my homework .

( It was only )

It was only when   It was only when I had done my homework, I went to bed. SimpleComplex  till – until ( ) or ( v + ing ) I didn't go to bed till ( until ) doing my homework . As soon as   I went out. I met my friend. ( As soon as ) As soon as I had gone out, I met my friend . ( Immediately )   SimpleComplex   Immediately on or ( v + ing)   Immediately on going out, I met my friend . When   I had finished work. I left the office. ( When ) When I had finished work, I left the office. ( On SimpleComplex

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

2nd secondary

1 st Part

On  or ( v + ing)  On finishing work, I left the office. The moment   I had finished work. I left the office. ( The moment ) The moment I had finished work, I left the office. By   By   I arrived the cinema. the film had started . ( By ) By the time I arrived the cinema , the film had started . By the year 1990, I had learnt English . No sooner than   Scarcely when   Hardly when Only just when   

He arrived at the station . The train left . ( No sooner ) No sooner had he arrived at the station than the train left . He had no sooner arrived at the station than the train left . ( Immediately ) SimpleComplex Immediately after ) or ( v + ing  Immediately after his arrival at the station, the train left.   - He thanked me for what I had done. - He found the bag, which he had lost. - He was tired because he had worked for 14 hours.

 Active & Passive

+ had been + pp. Active : The teacher had explained the lesson. Passive : The lesson had been explained by the teacher. Active : Ahmed had done homework. Passive : Homework had been done by Ahmed.   

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

2nd secondary

Unit 4 Teamwork

1 st Part

Cooperation A friend who is playing in an important football match this afternoon asks for advice. What will you say? "I think you should try to score lots of goals" this is helpful, but perhaps the best advice is "don’t forget you are part of a team. Pass the ball to other players." There are many situations where groups of people need to cooperate to succeed, for example, surgeons, who work with a team of doctors and nurses to help patients; or scientists who have to work in large, complex teams to send people into space. Animals also cooperate. For example, lions hunt their prey in packs, an elephants live in family groups to bring up their young and protect ill members. In a recent experiment, scientists showed that even birds can cooperate on complex jobs. Two birds were put into a cage with a box of food outside. The birds could see the food, but they had to pull pieces of string attached to the box to get the food into the cage. If both birds pulled the strings at the same time, they moved the box and at the food. To be a successful team member, you may need to cooperate with people who are very different from you and who you may not like. To succeed, you will have to show tolerance and work with these people. Imagine what would happen if a nurse refused to help a doctor.

Key Vocabulary attach bring up cooperate cooperation pack situation string tolerance team team sports team games individual sports sports centre

           

referee decision exciting combination keep  prediction instructions group decision reason mix choose / chose / chosen  depend

           

Vocabulary hockey volleyball badminton

 reply  arrangements  plans

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi



 

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English squash basketball football tennis boxing swimming wrestling running jogging cycling involve definitely definite fit running shoes wheel tennis tournament achieve combine conditions exist criticise patient complex hunt practise follow goals gorilla enormous size goalkeeper wolf survival intelligence hunting properly jokes gym footballer degree

                

                       

2nd secondary expect dusty sunny stormy weather clear evidence sandstorm rainy protect ill member guide book recent experiment cage wild animals



wildlife greedy importance facilitate flexible inflexible knowledge strength energy valuable personal experience contribute natural cartoons improve quality display skills designer photographer illustrator editor extra business manager

1 st  Part  

                                    

Prepositions, Idioms & Expressions depend on ask for advice give advice make a prediction cooperate with mix with people

     

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

take responsibility for of different ages hold a belief pass on … to show tolerance towards break down

     

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

        

score a goal pass the ball to send … into space hunt in packs live in groups attached to achieve goals on his own specialise in

2nd secondary get on with look out of come out popular with refer to look like keep / get fit care for benefit from

st 1 Part

       

Antonyms  Word 

Antonym           

tolerance enormous tie properly ill patient complex fit flexible cooperative

         

intolerance Small / tiny untie improperly well impatient simple unfit inflexible uncooperative

Word Family Verb

Noun

cooperate  decide  predict  intend  combine 

cooperation  decision  prediction  intension  combination 

Adjective

 

cooperative  decisive  predictable  intentional  combined 

Language Notes guidebook – guideline guidebook (‫دﻟﯿﻞ ﻟﻠﺴﯿﺎح ) ﯾﻌﻄﻰ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻋﻦ اﻷﻣﺎﻛﻦ‬ * Have you got a guidebook to Cairo? guideline ‫ﻧﺼﺎﺋﺢ ﻋﻦ ﻛﯿﻔﯿﺔ ﻓﻌﻞ اﻷﺷﯿﺎء‬ * He is drawing up some new guidelines about health and safety in schools. ***************************** experience ‫ﺧﺒﺮة‬ conduct / carry out / do an experiment ‫ﯾﺠﺮي ﺗﺠﺮﺑﺔ‬ 1- This job needs a long experience. 2- Scientists are doing experiments to test the effectiveness ‫ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬of the new drug. ***************************** do / play sports ‫ﯾﻠﻌﺐ أو ﯾﻤﺎرس اﻟﺮﯾﺎﺿﺔ‬ 1- We should do sports to get fit.

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

2nd secondary

1 st Part

2- I should play ( do ) sports to get fit. ***************************** on (his) own ‫ ﺑﻤﻔﺮده‬/ ‫ وﺣﯿﺪ‬of (his) own ‫ﺗﺪل ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﻤﻠﻜﯿﺔ‬ 1- He did the job on his own. ‫ﺑﻤﻔﺮده‬ 2- He has a room of his own. ‫ﺗﺪل ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﻤﻠﻜﯿﺔ‬ of my own age = at the same of my age ***************************** encourage to +inf ‫ﯾﺸﺠﻊ ﻋﻠﻲ‬/ discourage from + v+ing ‫ﯾﻤﻨﻊ ﻣﻦ‬ 1- We should encourage our children to read. 2- We should discourage people from polluting the environment. ***************************** go \ get = become ‫ﯾﺼﺒﺢ‬ go bad ‫ ﯾﻔﺴﺪ‬/ go blind ‫ ﯾﺼﺒﺢ أﻋﻤﻲ‬/ go deaf ‫ ﯾﺼﺒﺢ أﺻﻢ‬/ go dumb ‫ﯾﺼﺒﺢ أﺑﻜﻢ‬ get fit ‫ﻻﺋﻖ ﺟﺴﻤﯿﺎ‬ / get angry ‫ﻏﺎﺿﺐ‬/ get depressed ‫ﻣﻜﺘﺌﺐ‬ ***************************** have = have got = own ‫ﯾﻤﻠﻚ‬ 1- I have a car = I have got a car. 2- Do you have a car? = Have you got a car? 3- I don't have = I haven't got : ‫ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻜﯿﺔ‬had ‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ * I had a car when I was in London. :‫ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻜﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬will have ‫ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ * I will have a computer next week. ‫ وﻏﯿﺮﻫﺎ وﻻ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬must / should ‫ و اﻷﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﻨﺎﻗﺼﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ‬to ‫ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻜﯿﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ‬have ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ :‫ ﺑﻬﺬااﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬have got 1- I want to have a camera. 2- I should have a lot of money to buy this car. have got ‫ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﺑﻤﻌﺎﻧﻲ أﺧﺮي ﻏﯿﺮ "ﯾﻤﻠﻚ" وﻓﻲ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻻ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬have ‫ ﻻﺣﻆ أن‬ have a meal / have a party / have a holiday / have an accident ***************************** end in a draw ‫ﯾﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﺎدل‬ * The match ended in a draw. lose to .. ‫ﯾﺨﺴﺮ أﻣﺎم‬ * Egypt lost to Brazil by 2 goals. ***************************** score a goal ( ‫ﯾﺤﺮز ﻫﺪف )ﻓﻲ اﻟﺮﯾﺎﺿﺔ‬ realize / achieve a goal (‫ﯾﺤﻘﻖ ﻫﺪف ) ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﯿﺎة‬ **************************** a family member ‫ﻓﺮد ﻣﻦ أﻓﺮاد اﻷﺳﺮة‬ a society member ‫ﻋﻀﻮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ a team member ‫ﻋﻀﻮ ﻓﻲ ﻓﺮﯾﻖ‬ ***************************** :‫ ﺣﺴﺐ وﺿﻌﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬adverb / adjective ‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت اﻵﺗﯿﺔ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ Daily / weekly / monthly / yearly / early 1- He gets a yearly salary of 50,000 dollars. (adj.) 2- The conference is held yearly. (adv.)

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

2nd secondary

1 st Part

***************************** good good at ‫ﺟﯿﺪ ﻓﻲ‬ * He is good at English. good to ‫ﻃﯿﺐ ﻣﻊ‬ * He is good to his friends. good for ‫ ﺻﺎﻟﺢ ﻟـ‬/ ‫ﻣﻔﯿﺪ‬ * Taking exercises is good for you. ***************************** cooperate ‫ﯾﺘﻌﺎون‬ co-operate on ‫ﯾﺘﻌﺎون ﻓﻰ‬ * Birds cooperate on some jobs. co-operate with ‫ﯾﺘﻌﺎون ﻣﻊ ﺷﺨﺺ‬ * We should cooperate with Ahmed. co-operate to + ‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻌﺎون ﻟﻜﻰ‬ * Players need to cooperate to succeed. ***************************** mix with ‫ ﯾﺨﻠﻂ ﺑـ‬/ ‫ﯾﺨﺘﻠﻂ ﺑـ‬ 1- The best thing in practicing team sports is to help you to mix with other people. 2- If you mixed milk with coffee they will be delicious. (tasty) ***************************** sports sports relating to sport ‫ﺻﻔـﺔ ﺗﺎﺗﻰ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻻﺳﻢ‬ * It's the school sports day on Monday. sports man ‫اﻟﺮﯾﺎﺿﻰ‬ * He'll be remembered both as a brilliant footballer and as a true sportsman. sporty ‫ﺻﻔﻪ ﺗﺄﺗﻰ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻹﺳﻢ‬ * We're a very sporty family. ***************************** lose – miss lose (to) ‫ ﯾﻔﻘﺪ ﺷﯿﺊ‬/ ‫ﯾﺨﺴﺮ‬ 1- Al-Ahli lost the last match. 2- Egypt lost to America by 3 goals. miss ‫ ﺗﻔﻮﺗﻪ ﻣﻮاﺻﻼت‬/ ‫ﯾﻔﺘﻘﺪ ﺷﺨﺺ‬ 1- I missed my uncle very much. 2- He missed the train as he got up late. ***************************** predict = make prediction about ‫ﯾﺘﻨﺒﺄ‬ * Scientists can (predict \ make prediction about) the time of eclipses. play – go – do play ( football, basketball, tennis, squash … ) . ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨـﺪم ﻣـﻊ اﻷﻟﻌـﺎب اﻟﻤﺘﺼﻠـﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻜـﺮه‬ * They are playing football. go ( fishing, sailing, swimming, running …) ing ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨـﺪم ﻣـﻊ اﻷﻟﻌـﺎب اﻟﻤﻨﺘﻬﯿـﺔ ﺑــ‬ * Let's go sailing. do (karate, hockey, high jump, judo … ) .‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨـﺪم ﻣـﻊ اﻷﻟﻌـﺎب اﻷﺧـﺮى‬ * I do karate. *****************************

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

2nd secondary

1 st Part

Language Functions Asking for Advice 

 Which (sport) do you think I should choose?  I want to …….. . What do you think I should do?  Can you give me some advice (about)……..?  Can I ask your advice about …..…?  If you ask me, you should…  If I were you, I'd …  I think you should…  Why don't you…?  It is a good idea to …  The best thing is to …

Giving Advice 

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

2nd secondary

1 st Part

Grammar The Future Simple : ‫ـ ﯾﺴﺘﺨـﺪم ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﯿـﺮ ﻋــﻦ ﺣـﺪث ﺳـﻮف ﯾﺤﺪث ﻓـﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒـﻞ وﯾﺘﻜـﻮن ﻣـﻦ‬: ‫اﻟﻤـﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ اﻟﺒﺴﯿـﻂ‬

Shall - Will + inf 1- She will visit me tomorrow. 2- I shall visit to travel abroad. ‫ـ‬: ‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤــﺎت اﻟﺪاﻟــﺔ ﻋﻠﯿـــﻪ‬ tomorrow– in the future – shortly – soon – in a few days – next ( week – month ) 1- Next week she will go to Cairo. 2- Tomorrow I will visit my uncle. : ‫ﻋﺒـﺎرات ﺗﺴﺘﺨـﺪم ﻣـﻊ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒـﻞ ﻣﺜـﻞ‬ hope – think – expect – sure – promise – probably. 1- I expect he will win the match. 2- I hope I shall see him again. . will – shall ‫ ﺑﻌــﺪ‬not ‫ﻧﺴﺘﺨــﺪم أداة اﻟﻨﻔــﻰ‬ -: ‫ﻧﻔـﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒـﻞ اﻟﺒﺴﯿـﻂ‬ 1- He will play the match. - He will not come to me. 2- He will come to me. - He will not play the match.

Will is used: 1- To expressa true fact ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺒﻲ‬ I'll be 18 next week. 2- To predict event ‫اﻟﺘﻨﺒﺆ ﺑﺎﻷﺣﺪاث‬ The plane will land in half an hour. 3- To decide something quickly. ‫ اﺗﺨﺎذ ﻗﺮار ﺑﻌﻤﻞ ﺷﻲء‬I'll have coffee, please. 4- To offer to do something ‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻌﺮض‬ I'll clean the car for you. 5- To ask someone to do something ‫ﻃﻠﺐ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺷﻲء ﻣﻦ ﺷﺨﺺ‬  Will you look at my homework tonight? 6- To make an arrangement ‫ اﻟﺘﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺷﻲء‬I'll see you this evening. 7- To make a threat ‫اﻟﺘﻬﺪﯾﺪ‬ I'll resign if I don't get a pay rise.

Shall (I / we) 1- I / We shall go to Cairo next month. 2- You / He / She / It / They will stay here. To make suggestions: ‫ﻓﻲ ﺗﻜﻮﯾﻦ اﻻﻗﺘﺮاح‬ 1- Shall I meet you on Friday? 2- Shall we have a party? To make offers: ‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺮض‬ * Shall I help you with your homework? Shall / will = 'll 1- You'll do it. 2- I'll do it. shall not = shan't will not = won't shan't / (in question tags) Shall  We shall meet the boss tomorrow, shan't we?

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

2nd secondary

1 st Part

am / is / are + going to + inf.

:‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻧﯿﺔ أو ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﺨﻄﻂ ﻟﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻟﺤﻈﺔ اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺚ‬ 1- We are saving up because we are going to buy a car. 2- I'm going to make some coffee. Do you want some? :‫ﻟﻠﺘﻨﺒﺆ ﺑﺤﺪث ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﯾﻮﺟﺪ ﻣﺎ ﯾﺪل ﻋﻠﯿﻪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺎﺿﺮ‬ 1- I think I'm going to fail this exam. (I haven't done much work) 2- I think it's going to rain. The sky's looking very dark.

was / were + going to + inf.

:‫ﺗﻌﺒﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺷﻲء ﻟـﻢ ﯾﺤﺪث ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‬

 I was going to tidy the flat, but I didn’t have time. : ‫☺ ﻻﺣﻆ أن‬ Are you going to + inf. = Do you intend to + inf. 1- Are you going to buy a new car? (Do…) Do you intend to buy a new car? 2- Is she going to take the test? (Does) Does she intend to take the test? : ‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻷوﻟﻲ‬If ‫ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ ﻣﻊ‬ * If I know his address, I'll write him a letter. :(‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ )و ﯾﺸﯿﺮ أﯾﻀﺎ إﻟﻰ وﺟﻮد ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺒﺎت ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ‬ 1- He's travelling to Cairo tomorrow. (He's got his tickets) 2- I'm going home in half an hour. (I have arranged it with the boss) ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ )و ﯾﺮﺗﺒﻂ ذﻟﻚ ﺑﺠﺪاول اﻟﻤﻮاﻋﯿﺪ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﻣﺜﻼ ﺑﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻼت و اﻟﻤﺴﺮح‬ :‫و اﻟﺴﯿﻨﻤﺎ و اﻟﻤﺪرﺳﺔ و ﻏﯿﺮ ذﻟﻚ‬ 1- You leave Cairo International Airport at 7 p.m. and arrive in Paris at 11 p.m. 2- The exam takes place on 2nd April. 3- The film starts at 9 : ‫ﻻﺣﻆ أﻧﻪ ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ أﺣﯿﺎﻧﺎ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻓﻌﻞ أﻣﺮ‬ * After you finish your work, please turn off the lights.

The future continuous:  will/shall + be + ing

:‫ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺪث ﺳﻮف ﯾﻜﻮن ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮا ﻓﻲ وﻗﺖ ﻣﻌﯿﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ 1- A: Can I come and see you at 4 o'clock tomorrow? B: No. I'll be driving to the airport then. Come at 2.30 before I leave. 2- Between 9 and 11 a.m. tomorrow I'll be studying. Time conjunctions ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺮواﺑﻂ اﻟﺰﻣﻨﯿﺔ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬

After/Before/ / till /until + ‫ ﻣﻀﺎرع ﺑﺴﯿﻂ او ﻣﻀﺎرع ﺗﺎم‬, ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺑﺴﯿﻂ‬ When/As soon as/the moment 1- After I do my homework, I’ll go out. 2- Before he types the reports, he will have dinner. 3- As soon as she arrives in London, she will send me a postcard. 4- We’ll leave the moment it stops raining. 5- She won’t see the film until she does the cleaning. 6- I’ll stay with you till the doctor arrives. 7- First she will do the shopping. Then she will go to the bank. (After / Before / until) * After she does the shopping, she will go to the bank. * Before she goes to the bank, she will do the shopping. * She won’t go to the bank until she does the shopping

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

2nd secondary

Unit 5

1 st Part

Lord of the Flies Lord of the flies Lord of the Flies starts when a plane carrying a group of British boys crashes near an island. The boys realize they must look after themselves on the island until they are rescued. The boys choose a leader and start to organize their new life. The leader, Ralph, tell them they must work together. They make a fire which may be seen by a passing ship. At first, the boys cooperate with each other and everything goes well. Some look for food and water, others build a shelter to sleep in. But then there are problems. First, the fire goes out. Then Jack, who wanted to be the leader, tells the boys there is a frightening wild animal on the island. After some disagreements, the boys spilt into two groups. Jack's group believe the wild animal is around and want to go hunting. Ralph's group just want to escape from the island. More boys join to Jack's group because he promises to protect them from the wild animal and give them meat. Jack's boys paint their faces and become very violent. They think one of the other boys is the frightening animal and they attack him. Then they attack Ralph's camp an steal glasses of a boy called Poggy. They wanted to use the glasses to make a fire. Ralph's group try to get the glasses back but Poggy is hurt. Jack captures two others and Ralph is left alone. Jack then sets fire to the island to try to stop Ralph from escaping. A passing ship sees the fire and comes to rescue the boys. Finally, with the arrival of adults on the island, the fighting stops.

Key Vocabulary cruel cruelty literature navy optimistic pessimistic be shocked

      

shelter split violent violence frightening capture steal / stole / stolen

      

Vocabulary lord flies unkind hurt deliberately pain sadness consider sailor

        

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

surprised safe crash rescue = save organize disagreement join paint adults

        

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Prof In English actor soldier pilot primary school prep school secondary school keep zoo position = post poem poet poetry coast include tourists capital passing ship tolerant strong understanding aggressive calm follow rules suggestions heading relationship prepare solve problem smoothly certain chores speed traffic lights

                

2nd secondary attack camp arrival fighting behave upset hit qualities brave honest intelligent imaginative kind patient respected successful sensible

            

entrance runabouts unpredictable lack of order materials burn sportsman sportswoman express dedication protection explore escape guard realize fair  defence category

st 1 Part

               

                 

Prepositions, Idioms & Expressions fight a war optimistic about cruel to make a fire shoot down a plane protect from / against escape from consist of set fire to look up to take control fend for

          

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

search / look for share ….. with at all times find out surprised at / by go out go hunting plan for look after take turns go well get hurt

           

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   

discuss ….. with break the rules make rules make sure

2nd secondary

1 st Part

split into signal to build a shelter fair to

  

Derivatives  Verb frighten

arrive cooperate lead

Noun  

 cruelty fright



  

Adjective

violence arrival cooperation leader leadership

    

cruel frightened frightening violent cooperative leading

     

Antonyms  Word optimistic cruel brave honest intelligent tolerant strong sensible respected alone agreement



Antonym  pessimistic kind  cowardly  dishonest  stupid  intolerant  weak  silly / stupid  disrespected  together  disagreement

          

Language Notes Couldn't agree more = agree completely Couldn't agree less = disagree completely 1- A: I think Egypt will win the match. B: I couldn't agree more. ***************************** much - many

‫ﯾﻮاﻓﻖ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻻ ﯾﻮاﻓﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻹﻃﻼق‬

:‫ " ﻛﺜﯿﺮ " ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﺆال و اﻟﻨﻔﻲ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ ﺗﻌﺪ‬much ‫ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ 1- She doesn’t need much money. 2- Did you buy much sugar? :‫ "ﻗﻠﯿﻞ " ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴــﺆال و اﻟﻨﻔــﻲ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌـــﺪ‬many ‫ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ 1- He didn’t see many places in London. 2- Did you invite many people to your party last week? too/ so / very ‫ ﻓﻲ اﻹﺛﺒﺎت إذا ﺟﺎء ﻗﺒﻠﻬﻤﺎ إﺣﺪى اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت آﻻﺗﯿﺔ‬many/ much ‫ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ - There is so much sugar in my coffee.

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

2nd secondary

1 st Part

***************************** promise to = make a promise to ‫ﯾﻮﻋﺪ‬ - He promised to help me with my work. ***************************** life ( ‫اﻟﺤﯿﺎة ﺑﺼﻔﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ )ﻻ ﺗﺠﻤﻊ‬ 1- The heart is the pump of life. 2- There is no evidence ‫ دﻟﯿﻞ‬of life on other planets. a life ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻧﺘﺤﺪث ﻋﻦ ﻧﻮع ﻣﻌﯿﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﯿﺎة‬ 1- He had a difficult life. 2- She decided to start a new life in Australia. the life ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻋﺎدة ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺣﯿﺎة ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﺎ‬ - She read a book about the life of Lincoln. ***************************** include – compromise – consists of – compose – contain - enclose include ‫ﯾﺤﺘـﻮى ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺟـﺰء أو أﻛﺜـﺮ ﻣـﻦ اﻷﺟـﺰاء ) اﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎت ( و ﻟﯿﺲ ﻛـﻞ اﻟﻤﻜـﻮﻧﺎت‬ - The pair of glasses contains two lenses. contain ( ‫ﯾﺤﺘـﻮى ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺷـﺊ ﺑﺪاﺧـﻠﺔ ) ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻛـﻞ‬ - CD-ROMs can contain words, music and pictures. comprise - consist of - is composed ‫ﯾﺘﻜـﻮن ﻣـﻦ ﻛـﻞ اﻟﻤﻜـﻮﻧﺎت اﻷﺳﺎﺳﯿـﺔ‬ - The United Kingdom consists of / is composed/ comprises England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. enclose ‫ﯾـﺮﻓـﻖ ـ ﯾﺤﯿـﻂ‬ - He enclosed a photo with his letter. My house is enclosed by a high fence. ***************************** make fire ‫ﯾﺸﻌﻞ ﻧﺎر‬ / set fire to ‫ﯾﺸﻌﻞ ﻧﺎر ﻓﻰ‬ 1- They used the glasses to make fire. 2- Ralph sets fire to the island to stop them from escaping ***************************** poetry – prose poetry ‫ﻓـﻦ اﻟﺸﻌـﺮ اﻟﺬي ﯾﻘـﺪر اﻟﺠﻤـﺎل و اﻟﻤﺸـﺎﻋﺮ‬ - Farouk Gowaida writes poetry. prose ‫ﻧﺜـﺮ‬ - Newspaper articles are written in prose. ***************************** listen – hear listen to ( ‫ﯾﻨﺼﺖ إﻟﻲ ) ﺳﻤﺎع ﺑﻘﺼﺪ‬ - I always listen to the holy Quran in the morning. hear ( ‫ﯾﺴﻤﻊ ) ﺳﻤﺎع ﻋﺎرض ـ ﺑﺪون ﻗﺼﺪ‬ - When I was walking in the street I heard someone crying . hear from ‫ﯾﺘﻠﻘﻰ رﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ‬ - Have you heard from Ahmed? hear of ‫ﯾﺴﻤﻊ أﺧﺒﺎر ﻋﻦ ـ ﯾﻌﺮف ﺑﻮﺟﻮد ﺷﺨﺺ أو ﺷﺊ‬ - She disappeared and was never heard of again. hear about ‫ﯾﺴﻤﻊ ـ ﯾﺘﻠﻘﻰ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻋﻦ‬ - You will hear about this later. ***************************** spell – spill – split spell - spelled ‫ﯾﺘﻬـﺠـﻰ‬ - Spell your name, please. spill - spilt ‫ﯾﺴﻜــﺐ‬

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

2nd secondary

1 st Part

- Don’t cry over spilt milk. split - split ‫ﯾﻨﺸﻄــﺮ‬ - Nuclear energy is made by splitting atoms. ***************************** coast – shore – beach – bank coast ‫ﺳــﺎﺣﻞ‬ - Alex. is located on the north coast of Egypt. shore ‫ﺷـﺎﻃﺊ اﻟﺒﺤـﺮ‬ - I saw some boats on the shore of the sea. beach ( ‫اﻟﺒـﻼج ) اﻟﺠـﺰء اﻟﺮﻣﻠـﻰ ﻋﻨـﺪ ﺣﺎﻓـﺔ اﻟﺒﺤـﺮ‬ - We sat on the beach and ate ice cream. bank ‫ﺿﻔـﺔ اﻟﻨﻬــﺮ أو اﻟﻘﻨــﺎة‬ - Trees grow along the bank of rivers. ***************************** learn ‫ – ﯾﺘﻌـﻠﻢ‬teach ‫ﯾﻌـﻠﻢ‬ learn ‫ ــ‬teach + ( to + inf ) ‫ ( أو‬how to + inf ) 1- She learns to cook. 2- She learns how to cook. *********************************** alone – lonely alone ( ‫ﺑﻤﻔﺮده ) ﺷـﺊ ﻣـﺎدى‬ - He carried the stone alone. lonely ( ‫وﺣﯿﺪا ) ﯾﺸﻌـﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺣـﺪة ( ) ﺷـﺊ ﻣﻌﻨـﻮى‬ - Despite his friends, he feels lonely. ***************************** see- watch see ‫ﯾـﺮى ـ ﯾﺒﺼــﺮ‬ - I can't see without my glasses. see = think ‫ﯾﻔﻜــﺮ‬ - Let me see for a while. see (someone) off ‫ﯾﻮدع‬ - I saw my friend off at the airport. see = understand ‫ﯾﻔﻬﻢ‬ - They couldn't see my point of view. watch ‫ﯾﺸﺎﻫــﺪ ـ ﯾﺮاﻗـﺐ‬ - We watch TV every day. watch ‫ﯾﺤــﺮس‬ - He felt that God was watching over him. ***************************** know / show + how to-inf. ‫ ﯾﻮﺿﺢ‬/ ‫ﯾﺒﯿﻦ‬ 1- He knew how to do the job. 2- He showed me how to use this machine. ***************************** ‫♦ﻻﺣﻆ أن اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت اﻵﺗﯿﺔ ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻣﻌﻬﺎ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻣﻔﺮد و ﻧﺸﯿﺮ إﻟﯿﻬﺎ ﺑﻀﻤﯿﺮ ﺟﻤﻊ‬ Someone – somebody – everyone – everybody – no one – nobody - Everyone has their own ideas about the best way to bring up children. ***************************** :decade ‫ اﻟﻲ اﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻧﻘﺼﺪ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻓﺘﺮة ﻋﺸﺮ ﺳﻨﻮات أي ﻋﻘﺪ‬s ‫♦ ﻋﻨﺪ اﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺣﺮف‬ In the 1980s = from 1980 to 1989 ***************************** one / thing / body / ‫ وﺗﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت‬some – every – no – some ‫ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺒﺪأ ﺑـ‬else ‫♦ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ : ‫ ﻣﺜﻞ‬where

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

2nd secondary

1 st Part

Someone else/ everyone else / something else / nothing else :what / who / why / where ‫ ﺑﻌﺪ أدوات اﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎم‬else ‫وﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ 1- Do you need anything else? 2- Who else attended ‫ ﺣﻀﺮ‬the meeting? ***************************** a great ‫ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻲ اﻹﺛﺒﺎت ﻣﻊ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﺪ و اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ ﺗﻌﺪ و ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬lots of /a lot of / plenty of ‫♦ﻻﺣﻆ أن‬ :‫ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ ﺗﻌﺪ ﻓﻘﻂ‬deal of 1- He bought a lot of sugar. 2- He needs a lot of books. ♦Expressing Rules: Everyone must always / should always... You must / You must not... Don't ../ Never ... Remember to .../ Don't forget to ... Examples: 1- Everyone must always come on time. 2- You must not speak in the library 3- Remember to bring two recent photos. 4- Never touch this wire. ***************************** ♦Adjectives ending in (ed) & (ing) ‫ ﺗﻌﺒـﺮﻋـﻦ أﺷﯿـﺎء‬ing ‫ ﺗﻌﺒـﺮ ﻋﻦ أﺷﺨـﺎص أﻣـﺎ اﻟﺼﻔـﺎت اﻟﻤﻨﺘﻬﯿـﺔ ﺑـ‬ed ‫اﻟﺼﻔـﺎت اﻟﻤﻨﺘﻬﯿـﺔ ﺑـ‬ 1- I'm very tired today. 2- Shopping is very tiring. 3- He is interested in reading books. 4- She watched a very interesting film yesterday. .‫( ﻣـﻊ اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ إذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﻫﻮ اﻟﺬى ﯾﺴﺒﺐ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺼﻔﺔ‬ing) ‫وﯾﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺄﺗﻰ اﻟﺼﻔـﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﻬﯿـﺔ ﺑــ‬ - He is boring. (It means that he causes boredom) ***************************** Look look at ‫ﯾﻨﻈﺮ إﻟﻰ‬ look after ‫ﯾﻌﺘﻨﻰ ﺑـ‬ look out ‫ﯾﺤﺘـﺮس‬ look for look up look up to ‫ﯾﺤﺘﺮم‬ ‫ﯾﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺷﺨﺺ أو ﺷﺊ ﻣﻔﻘﻮد‬ ‫ﯾﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺔ ﻓﻰ ﻛﺘﺎب‬ look into ‫ﯾﻤﻌﻦ اﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻓﻰ‬ look forward to ‫ﯾﺘﻄﻠﻊ إﻟﻰ‬ *****************************

Language Functions Expressing Rules

- Everyone must always / should always... - You must / You must not... - Don't ../ Never ... - Remember to .../ Don't forget to ...

Examples:

- Everyone must always come on time. - You must not speak in the library. - Remember to bring two recent photos. - Never touch this wire.

Expression Opinion

- I think a successful student enjoys learning and works hard. - In my opinion, a good teacher is fair to the students. - I think a good friend helps you when you need something. - I think a successful sportsman needs dedication. - In my opinion, a good leader is sensible and tolerant.

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

2nd secondary

1 st Part

Grammar Definite and Indefinite Articles  a \ an

:‫" ﻓﻰ اﻟﺤﺎﻻت اﻵﺗﯿﺔ‬a – an" ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ اﻻﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﻔﺮد اﻟﺬي ﯾﻌﺪ‬

- We have a house with a garden. ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺪﯾﺚ ﻋﻦ وﻇﯿﻔﺔ ﺷﺨﺺ‬ - He’s an engineer :‫ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮات اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﻌﺪد‬ - a couple / a dozen ‫ دﺳﺘﺔ‬/ a hundred / a thousand ‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮات اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﺜﻤﻦ و اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ‬ - Two pounds a kilo / sixty kilometres an hour :‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻞ اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﺘﻌﺠﺐ اذا ﺟﺎء ﻣﻌﻬﺎ اﺳﻢ ﻣﻔﺮد ﯾﻌﺪ‬ - What a clever boy! / What an interesting story! (‫ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻻﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﻔﺮد اﻟﺬي ﯾﺒﺪأ ﺑﺤﺮف ﻣﺘﺤﺮك )ﺻﻮت ﻣﺘﺤﺮك‬an ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ - an apple / an eye / an umbrella / an orange / an SOS an ‫ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬a ‫ ﯾﻨﻄﻖ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺣﺮف‬u ‫إذا ﻛﺎن ﺣﺮف‬ - an ulcer ‫ﻗﺮﺣﺔ‬ an uncle :‫وﻟﻜﻦ ﻻﺣﻆ اﻧﻨﺎ ﻧﻘﻮل‬ - university / a unit / a uniform ‫ زيّ ﻣﻮ ﺣّﺪ‬/ a European country / a useful book :‫ ﻗﺒﻞ أﺳﻤﺎء اﻟﻮﺟﺒﺎت إﻻ إذا ﺳﺒﻘﻬﺎ ﺻﻔﺔ وﻓﻲ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﺄﺗﻲ اﻷداة ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺼﻔﺔ‬a / an ‫ﻻ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ 1- I usually have lunch at 2 p.m. 2- He gave us a good breakfast.

The

:‫ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺤﺎﻻت اﻵﺗﯿﺔ‬the ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ ‫ إذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﺸﻲء ﻫﻮ اﻟﻮﺣﯿﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮﻋﻪ أو إذا ﻛﻨﺎ ﻧﻘﺼﺪ اﻟﺸﻲء ﻛﻔﻜﺮة ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‬-١ the sun/ the moon/ the world ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬/ the Earth ‫ \اﻷرض‬The country ‫اﻟﺮﯾﻒ‬/ the countryside‫اﻟﺮﯾﻒ‬/ the town ‫اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ‬/ the sea / the sky‫ اﻟﺴﻤﺎء‬/ the ground‫اﻷرض‬/ the Pyramids ‫اﻷﻫﺮاﻣﺎت‬/ the Cairo Tower‫ ﺑﺮج اﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮة‬/ the High Dam ‫ اﻟﺴﺪ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬/ the state ‫اﻟﺪوﻟﺔ‬ - Cairo is the capital of Egypt. :‫ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﺘﻔﻀﯿﻞ‬- ٢ the best / the most difficult / the least expensive / the smallest / the biggest :‫ﻣﻊ ﺗﻌﺒﯿﺮات ﻣﻌﯿﻨﺔ‬ at the top of his voice ‫ ﺑﺄﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻮت‬/ at the end of ... ‫ ﻓﻰ ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺔ‬/ in the end ‫ﻓﻰ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﯾﺔ‬ :‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﻛﻠﻤﺎت ﻣﻌﯿﻨﺔ اذا ﺟﺎءت ﻣﻊ أﻓﻌﺎل ﻣﻌﯿﻨﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ‬ go to the cinema /go to the theatre /listen to the radio /use the internet /go to the bank / go to the post office / go to the shops ‫اﻟﻤﺤﻼت‬ watch TV ‫وﻟﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﻧﻘﻮل‬ play / practise ‫ﻗﺒﻞ أﺳﻤﺎء اﻷدوات اﻟﻤﻮﺳﯿﻘﯿﺔ اذا ﺟﺎءت ﻣﻊ أﻓﻌﺎل ﻣﺜﻞ‬ play the piano, the violin‫اﻟﻜﻤﺎ ن‬, the guitar‫اﻟﺠﯿﺘﺎر‬, the lute ‫اﻟﻌﻮد‬, etc. :‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺼﻔﺎت ﻟﺘﺤﻮﯾﻠﻬﺎ إﻟﻰ أﺳﻤﺎء ﺟﻤــﻊ‬ the poor ‫اﻟﻔﻘﺮاء‬ the young ‫اﻟﺼﻐﺎر‬ the rich ‫اﻷﻏﻨﯿﺎء‬ the dead ‫اﻟﻤﻮﺗﻰ‬ the unemployed ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻃﻠﻮن‬ the deaf ‫اﻟﺼـﻢ‬ the old ‫ﻛﺒﺎر اﻟﺴﻦ‬ the injured ‫اﻟﻤﺼﺎﺑﯿﻦ‬ the sick ‫اﻟﻤﺮﺿﻲ‬

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

2nd secondary

1 st Part

:‫ﻻﺣﻆ ان أﺳﻤﺎء اﻟﺠﻤﻊ ﻫﺬه ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻣﻌﻬﺎ ﻓﻌﻞ ﺟﻤﻊ‬ - The young are in need of ‫ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ إﻟﻰ‬help. :‫ ﻣﻊ أﺳﻤﺎء ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺒﻼد و اﻟﺠﺒﺎل و اﻷﻧﻬﺎر و اﻟﺼﺤﺎري و اﻟﻤﺤﯿﻄﺎت و اﻟﺒﺤﺎر‬-٧ the U.A.E ‫ اﻹﻣﺎرات اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة‬/ the U.K. ‫ اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة‬/ the U.S.A ‫ اﻟﻮﻻﯾﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة‬/ the Sudan ‫ اﻟﺴﻮدان‬/ The Nile ‫ اﻟﻨﯿﻞ‬/ the Himalayas ‫ ﺟﺒﺎل اﻟﻬﻤﺎﻻﯾﺎ‬/ the Atlantic ‫ اﻟﻤﺤﯿﻂ اﻷﻃﻠﻨﻄﻲ‬/ the Red Sea ‫ اﻟﺒﺤﺮ اﻷﺣﻤﺮ‬/ the Mediterranean ‫اﻟﺒﺤﺮ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬/ the Alps ‫ ﺟﺒﺎل اﻷﻟﺐ‬/ the Middle East ‫ اﻟﺸﺮق اﻷوﺳﻂ‬/ the Far East ‫اﻟﺸﺮق اﻷﻗﺼﻰ‬/ the south of Egypt ‫ ﺟﻨﻮب ﻣﺼﺮ‬/ the Sahara ‫اﻟﺼﺤﺮاء اﻟﻜﺒﺮى‬ :‫ ﻗﺒﻞ اﺳﻢ ذﻛﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ‬-٨ - I saw a film last night. The film was about the Second World War. :‫ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻌﺒﺎرات اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﻤﻘﺎرﻧﺔ‬-٩ 1- The more you practise, the better you get. ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﺗﺪرﺑﺖ اﻛﺜﺮ ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﺴﻨﺖ‬ 2- The warmer the weather, the better I feel. . ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﻛﺎن اﻟﻄﻘﺲ أدﻓﺄ ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﺷﻌﺮت ﺑﺘﺤﺴﻦ‬ 3- The more you have, the more you want. . ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺎ اﻣﺘﻠﻜﺖ اﻛﺜﺮ ﻛﻠﻤﺎ رﻏﺒﺖ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺰﯾﺪ‬ :‫ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻹﺷﺎرة إﻟﻰ ﻧﻮع أو ﻓﺼﯿﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﺎت‬-١٠ - The Giraffe ‫ ﻓﺼﯿﻠﺔ اﻟﺰراف‬is found in Africa. :‫ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻹﺷﺎرة إﻟﻰ اﻛﺘﺸﺎف أو اﺧﺘﺮاع‬-١١ 1- When was the telephone invented? 2- The bicycle is an excellent means of transport. :‫ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﺠﻨﺴﯿﺔ‬-١٢ the Swiss ‫اﻟﺴﻮﯾﺴﺮﯾﯿﻦ‬ :‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻧﻌﻨﻲ ﺷﻲء ﺑﻮﺟﻪ ﺧﺎص‬-١٣ I like your garden. The flowers are beautiful. (the flowers in your garden) Do you like the coffee we had last night? Can you pass the salt, please? (the salt on the table) :of ‫ ﻣﻊ أﺳﻤﺎء ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﻣﺎﻛﻦ و اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﺘﻲ ﯾﺄﺗﻲ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ‬-١٤ The Museum of Modern Art ‫ﻣﺘﺤﻒ اﻟﻔﻨﻮن اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺜﺔ‬ The Bank of England ‫ﺑﻨﻚ إﻧﺠﻠﺘﺮا‬ The Great Wall of China ‫ﺳﻮر اﻟﺼﯿﻦ اﻟﻌﻈﯿﻢ‬ The Tower of London ‫ﺑﺮج ﻟﻨﺪن‬ :‫ ﻗﺒﻞ أﺳﻤﺎء اﻟﺼﺤﻒ‬-١٥ The Times ‫ﺻﺤﯿﻔﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﯾﻤﺰ‬ The Guardian ‫ﺻﺤﯿﻔﺔ اﻟﺠﺎردﯾﺎن‬ the French ‫اﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﯿﯿﻦ‬

the English ‫اﻹﻧﺠﻠﯿﺰ‬

The Koran / The Bible

: ‫ ﻗﺒﻞ أﺳﻤﺎء اﻟﻜﺘﺐ اﻟﻤﻘﺪﺳﺔ‬-١٦

: ‫ )ﻋﺎدة( ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺎﻻت اﻵﺗﯿﺔ‬the ‫ ﻻﺣﻆ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬-١٧ the government / the state ‫اﻟﺪوﻟﺔ‬/ the stone age ‫ اﻟﻌﺼﺮ اﻟﺤﺠﺮي‬/ in the morning / in the afternoon / in the evening / the environment ‫اﻟﺒﯿﺌﺔ‬/ the weather : ‫ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻻﺳﻢ اﻟﺬي ﺗﺘﺒﻌﻪ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﺑﻬﺎ ﺿﻤﯿﺮ وﺻﻞ‬-١٨ - The man who lost his son was very sad.

: ‫ﻻ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم أداة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺎﻻت اﻵﺗﯿﺔ‬ :‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻊ‬people/food/jobs/ plants ‫ﻗﺒﻞ أﺳﻤﺎء‬  - Women usually live longer than men do.  - Scientists ‫ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء‬do research.  - Beans ‫ اﻟﻔﻮل‬are good for you.  - Money does not grow on trees. - I invited my friend to the dinner.

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

. ‫إﻻ ﻓـﻰ ﺣـﺎﻟـﺔ اﻟﺪﻋـﻮه‬

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

2nd secondary

1 st Part

: ‫ﻣﻊ اﻷﺳﻤﺎء اﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ ﺗﻌﺪ ﻣﺜﻞ‬  Food and drink‫اﻟﻤﺄﻛﻮﻻت و اﻟﻤﺸﺮوﺑﺎت‬: milk, water etc.  Activities: ‫ اﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ‬smoking / reading / writing / shopping Languages ‫اﻟﻠﻐﺎت‬: English, Arabic etc.) :the ‫ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬language ‫ﻻﺣﻆ أﻧﻪ اذا ﺟﺎءت ﺑﻌﺪ اﺳﻢ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬ the English language / the French language - I want to study Science and Technology ‫اﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺎ‬. - English is the world’s most widely used language.‫اﻷﻛﺜﺮ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬  Sports ‫اﻟﺮﯾﺎﺿﺎت‬: football / basketball / volleyball School subjects ‫اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﺪراﺳﯿﺔ‬: History ‫ اﻟﺘﺎرﯾﺦ‬, Math ‫اﻟﺮﯾﺎﺿﯿﺎت‬, Science ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮم‬, etc. Abstract nouns ‫اﻷﺳﻤﺎء اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻮﯾﺔ‬: democracy ‫اﻟﺪﯾﻤﻘﺮاﻃﯿﺔ‬, beauty ‫اﻟﺠﻤﺎل‬, love ‫اﻟﺤﺐ‬, happiness ‫اﻟﺴﻌﺎدة‬, sadness ‫اﻟﺤﺰن‬, misery ‫اﻟﺒﺆس‬, truth ‫اﻟﺤﻘﯿﻘﺔ‬, poverty ‫اﻟﻔﻘﺮ‬, progress ‫اﻟﺘﻘﺪم‬, music, etc./ - People fear death. - Everyone is looking for happiness. :the ‫وﻟﻜﻦ اذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﺮدة ﺗﻌﺒﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﻣﺤﺪد ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻣﻌﻬﺎ‬ - The death of their father made them very sad. ♣ ‫ ﻗﺒـﻞ أﺳﻤـﺎء ﻓﺼـﻮل اﻟﺴﻨـﺔ‬Summer, Autumn, winter, Spring ♣Oil ‫ اﻟﺒﺘﺮول‬is used to make plastic. ♣Smoking ‫ اﻟﺘﺪﺧﯿﻦ‬is harmful to health. :‫ﻣﻊ اﻟﺼﻔﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻻﺗﺠﺎﻫﺎت اﻷﺻﻠﯿﺔ‬ northern / southern / eastern / western ‫ وﻟﻜـﻦ ﺗﺴﺘﺨـﺪم إذا‬. ‫ ﻗﺒـﻞ اﻷﻣﺎﻛـﻦ اﻵﺗﯿـﺔ إذا ﻛـﺎن اﻟﺬﻫـﺎب إﻟﯿﻬﺎ أو اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻬـﺎ ﻟﻠﻐـﺮض اﻟـﺬى أﻧﺸﺌـﺖ ﻣﻦ أﺟـﻠﻪ‬-٤ . ‫ﻛـﺎن اﻟﺬﻫـﺎب إﻟﯿﻬـﺎ ﻷﻏـﺮاض أﺧـﺮى‬ school, bed, hospital, prison, court, church, mosque, college. 1- He went to hospital = he was ill. He went to the hospital = to visit someone. 2- He went to prison = he did something wrong. He went to the prison = to visit his brother. : ‫ وﻗﺒﻞ اﻷﻟﻘﺎب اﻟﻤﺘﺒﻮﻋﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﻢ ﺷﺨﺺ و ﻗﺒﻞ أﺳﻤﺎء اﻷﻋﯿﺎد‬work ‫ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬the ‫ﻻﺣﻆ ﻋﺪم اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬  - He arrives at work at 7 every day.  - King William attended the conference.  - President Mubarak appointed a new prime minister.  - I do not go out at Christmas. ‫ و ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت‬go/come/ return ‫ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬home ‫ ﻋـﺎدة ﻗﺒﻞ ﻛﻠﻤــﺔ‬the ‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻻ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ :mount / mountain / lake - He went home early yesterday. - He climbed Mount Everest. - Lake Victoria is in Africa. :the ‫و ﻟﻜﻦ ﺗﺬﻛﺮ أﻧﻪ ﻣﻊ ﺳﻼﺳﻞ اﻟﺠﺒﺎل و ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت اﻟﺒﺤﯿﺮات و ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت اﻟﺠﺰر ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ The Bahamas ‫ \ ﺟﺰر اﻟﺒﻬـﺎﻣﺎ‬The Great Lakes ‫ \ اﻟﺒﺤﯿﺮات اﻟﻌﻈﻤﻲ‬The Andes ‫ﺟﺒﺎل اﻻﻧﺪﯾﺰ‬ ‫ ﻓﻲ اﻹﻧﺠﻠﯿﺰﯾﺔ‬the ‫ ﻟﯿﺴﺖ ﻛﻞ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺑـ" اﻟـ " ﻓﻲ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ‬: ‫ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻇﺔ ﻫﺎﻣﺔ‬ :‫و ﻟﻜﻦ ﯾﺠﺐ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ - Pollution is a dangerous problem. ‫اﻟﺘﻠﻮث ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺧﻄﯿﺮة‬ - Music can be used to cure some diseases. ‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻤﻮﺳﯿﻘﻲ ﻟﻌﻼج ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﻣﺮاض‬ - Peace is the dream of all nations. . ‫اﻟﺴﻼم ﻫﻮ ﺣﻠﻢ ﻛﻞ اﻷﻣـﻢ‬

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

2nd secondary

Unit 6 That's amazing

1 st Part

Why do they do it? A question which people often ask mountaineers is "Why do you climb mountains?" the most common answer is "Because they are there/" but this doesn’t tell us the real reasons why people choose this exciting hobby. Professional mountaineers climb for money, but for many others, climbing a great mountain is a lifelong ambition. For example, Omar Samra, the Egyptian who reached the summit of Everest in 2007, says that he had dreamed of climbing mountains since he was a toddler. He even had photos of Everest on his bedroom walls. But Omar doesn’t just climb for himself. He always takes an Egyptian flag with him and leaves it on the mountain. Some mountaineers say they their hobby is no different from other hobbies, but most people don’t understand this because the hobby is so dangerous. Between 1922 and 2006, Everest was climbed by about 3000 people, but more than 200 of these climbers lost their lives. So perhaps we should ask a slightly different questions: "Why do people climb dangerous mountains?" Many mountaineers say the answer is simple: most people want to conquer something during their life. A dangerous mountain is a challenge; when someone has climbed it, they have reached their goal and they feel fantastic.

Key Vocabulary above deep summit conquer mountaineer mountaineering

     

toddler amazing Sea level challenge lifelong slightly

     

Vocabulary distance surface average beauty standard measure height popularity Challenger Deep the natural world an area of land

          

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

effort unique national pride explorer motivate motivation sponsor boot publicity advertising honour

          

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               

roots climb mountain Oxygen cylinder sporting event trench climber swimming pool absolutely hobby subject professional ambition equipment inspire inspiration 

borders position skill defeat aspects

   

2nd secondary

1 st  Part

achievements exposure overcome obstacles comradeship dangers materials fear worry celebrate dive diver diving personal pride unexpectedly collect

              

air balloon last salutation communications actually

    

Prepositions, Idioms & Expressions                  

do a quiz above sea level distinguish … from dream of / about climb for money covered with reach his goals all through life proud of get control over nervous of go away go up go down at the summit of on the walls without the use of make notes

reach the summit lose his life fall off a mountain be away from put … in danger fall to his death go diving raise money for lead to worry about excited about exposure to in danger of phone up for win control of familiar with fulfill an ambition take off

                 

Antonyms  Word deep famous high difficult



MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Antonym  shallow unknown  low  easy

   

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     

popular interesting formal beautiful dangerous professional

2nd secondary

st 1 Part 

unpopular boring informal ugly safe amateur

    

Derivatives  Verb amaze

Noun 

conquer



inspire motivate

 

deepen challenge

 

amazement conquest conqueror inspiration motivation accident depth challenge

Adjective 

      

amazing amazed

 

inspired  motivational accidental  deep  challenging 

Language Notes room ‫ﺣﺠﺮة‬ / ‫ﻣﻜﺎن أو ﻓﺮاغ‬ 1- My flat has two bedrooms. 2- There is no room for you in the car. ***************************** elder – older ‫اﻷﻛﺒﺮ‬ elder (‫ )ﻓﻲ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ‬than ‫ ﻻ ﯾﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ‬elder sister / elder brother * She is my elder sister. eldest (‫ )ﻓﻲ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ‬eldest sister / eldest brother * He is the eldest member of the family. older (than) (‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎ) ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻗﻞ وﻏﯿﺮ اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ‬ * She is five years older than me. oldest (‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﻔﻀﯿﻞ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎ )ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻗﻞ وﻏﯿﺮ اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ‬ * He is the oldest student in our class. ***************************** take ‫ﯾﺄﺧﺬ‬ take part in = share in = participate in ‫ﯾﺸـﺎرك‬ * Did you take part in the poetry competition? take place = happen = occur ‫ﯾﺤـﺪث‬ * When did the accident take place? take the place of = replace ‫ﯾﺤـﻞ ﻣﺤـﻞ‬ * He resigned and I took his place. take up much of ‫ﯾﺴﺘﻨـﺰف ﻛﺜﯿـﺮ ﻣـﻦ‬ * He took much of his money. take off ‫ﯾﺨﻠـﻊ – ﺗﻘﻠـﻊ‬ 1- When I returned home, I took off my coat. 2- The plane took off at ten.

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

2nd secondary

take over ‫ﯾﺘـﻮﻟﻰ ﻣﻬﻤـﺔ‬ * After his father's death he took over his work. take after ‫ﯾﺸﺒـﻪ‬ * She took her mother completely. ***************************** sea level ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮى ﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬ above sea level ‫ﻓﻮق ﻣﺴﺘﻮي ﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬ They live about 3,000 metres above sea level. below sea level ‫ﺗﺤﺖ ﻣﺴﺘﻮي ﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬ They can swim 100 metres below sea level. ***************************** slightly different ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻟﻰ ﺣﺪ ﻣﺎ‬ * You should ask a slightly different question. ***************************** special – private special ‫ﺧﺎص ﺑﻔﺌﺔ أو ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬ * Doctors and nurses wear special clothes. private ‫ﺧﺎص ﺑﺸﺨﺺ أو ﻣﻠﻚ ﺷﺨﺺ‬ * We have a private car. ***************************** child – toddler – teenager – adolescent - youth child ( baby ) ( an infant ) ‫ﻃﻔـﻞ ﺻﻐﯿـﺮ‬ * He is still a child. He cries all the time. toddler (‫ ﺳﻨﻪ‬٢ ‫ ـ‬١ ‫اﻟﻄﻔـﻞ اﻟﺬي ﺗﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﻤﺸﻲ ) اﻟﺴﻦ‬ * A child who has just learned to walk is a toddler. teenager = adolescen ( ‫ﺳﻨﻪ‬١٩ ‫ اﻟﻲ‬١٣ ‫ﻣـﺮاﻫﻖ )اﻟﺴﻦ‬ * Children aged 13 to 19 are teenager. youth = young people ‫ﺷـﺎب‬ * The police arrested several youth who were fighting. ***************************** professional – amateur professional ( ‫ﻣﺤﺘﺮف ) ﯾﻠﻌﺐ ﻣﻦ اﺟﻞ اﻟﻤﺎل‬ * He plays for money, he is a professional. amateur ‫ﻫﺎوي‬ * He is an amateur, he doesn't take money. ***************************** by himself – for himself by himself = alone = on his own ‫ﺑﻨﻔﺴﺔ‬ * He wrote the story by himself. for himself ‫ﻟﻨﻔﺴﺔ‬ * He climbed the mountain not only for himself but for Egypt. ***************************** the same – as ……. as – similar to the same + ‫اﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﺸﺊ‬ * Ahmed and Ali are the same age. as + ‫ ﺻﻔﺔ‬+ as ‫ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﺸﺊ‬ * Ali is as old as Ramy. similar to ‫ﻣﺸﺎﺑﺔ ﻟـ‬ * Your car is similar to my car. Do a quiz ‫ﯾﺤﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

1 st Part

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

2nd secondary

1 st Part

* Would you like to do this quiz with me? ***************************** ‫ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬+ is / was + the first + to + ‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬ ‫أول ﻣﻦ‬ * Ahmed was the first Egyptian to climb Everest. ***************************** think of = think about ‫ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺴﺆال ﻋﻦ اﻟﺮأي‬/ ‫ﯾﻔﻜﺮ ﻓﻲ‬ 1- I'm thinking of / about buying a new car. 2- What do you think of / about this shirt? think of ‫ ﯾﻔﻜﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻵﺧﺮﯾﻦ‬/ ‫ﯾﺘﺬﻛﺮ‬ 1- I can't think of her name now. 2- You should think of other people. ***************************** quit (quit/quit) ‫ ﯾﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺷﻲء‬/ ‫ ﯾﻐﺎدر‬/ ‫ﯾﺘﺮك‬ 1- He quit smoking a year ago. 2- She quit school when she was 15. quiet ‫ = ﻫﺎدئ‬calm * Be quiet! I’ve got a headache ‫ﺻﺪاع‬. quite ‫ إﻟﻰ ﺣﺪ ﻣﺎ‬/ ‫ = ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎ‬fairly / completely * Although they are brothers, they are quite different. *****************************

: ‫ ﻻﺣﻆ ﺻﯿﻐﺔ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ اﻵﺗﯿﺔ‬ What do you like most about..? What do you like least about..? * What do you like most about your school? *****************************

Idioms ‫اﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎت و ﺗﻌﺒﯿﺮات‬ keep your cool = to stay calm and not get upset or nervous ‫ﯾﺤﺎﻓﻆ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻫﺪوء أﻋﺼﺎﺑﻪ‬ * I was in a dangerous situation but I kept my cool. a close call = something bad nearly happened. ‫ﺷﻲء ﺳﻲء ﻋﻠﻰ وﺷﻚ اﻟﺤﺪوث‬ * That was a close call. in a tight corner = in a difficult situation ‫ﻓﻲ ﻣﺄزق‬ * We were in a very tight corner, we couldn't escape. made my day = made me happy ‫أﺳﻌﺪﻧﻲ‬ * Getting the prize made my day. out of the blue = suddenly and unexpectedly ‫ﻓﺠﺄة‬ * Something dangerous can happen out of the blue. raise money = collect money ‫ﯾﺠﻤﻊ ﻣﺎﻻ ﻟﻐﺮض ﻣﻌﯿﻦ‬ * Charities raise money for poor people.

Language Functions

Asking for & Giving Information Asking for information Which city is the capital of Britain? How long is the River Nile? Which is the second largest city in Egypt? How old are the Pyramids at Giza?

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Giving information I know that! It's definitely London. Maybe about 6,000 kilometres. I'm not sure. Maybe Alexandria. I have an idea they are about 3,000 years old

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

2nd secondary

1 st Part

Grammar Adjectives  The boy is clever. A clever boy ‫ وﻟﻜﻦ اﻟﺼﻔﺎت اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ ﻻ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻗﺒﻞ اﻻﺳﻢ اﺑﺪا و ﻟﻜﻦ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬To Be ‫اﻟﺼﻔﺔ اﻣﺎ ان ﺗﺴﺒﻖ اﻻﺳﻢ او ﺗﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﻓﻌﺎل ﻣﺜﻞ‬ seem / look / feel ‫ وأﻓﻌﺎل ﻣﺜﻞ‬be ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ afraid / awake / asleep / alone / alight / absent/alive The boy was afraid. She is still awake. ‫ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻐﯿﺮ اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ‬ing ‫ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻗﻞ و اﻟﺼﻔﺎت اﻟﻤﻨﺘﻬﯿﺔ ﺑـ‬ed ‫اﻟﺼﻔﺎت اﻟﻤﻨﺘﻬﯿﺔ ﺑـ‬ fascinating ‫ﻣﺒﻬﺮ‬ fascinated ‫ﻣﻨﺒﻬﺮ‬ exciting ‫ﻣﺜﯿﺮ‬ excited ‫ﯾﺸﻌﺮ ﺑﺎﻹﺛﺎرة‬ amazing

‫ﻣﺪﻫﺶ‬

embarrassing ‫ﻣﺤﺮج‬ annoying

amazed

‫ﻣﻨﺪﻫﺶ‬

embarrassed ‫ﯾﺸﻌﺮ ﺑﺎﻹﺣﺮاج‬ annoyed ‫ﻣﺘﻀﺎﯾﻖ‬

‫ ﻣﻜﺪر‬/ ‫ﻣﺰﻋﺞ‬ depressing ‫ﻛﺌﯿﺐ‬ depressed

‫ﻣﻜﺘﺌﺐ‬

terrifying ‫ﻣﺮﻋﺐ‬

terrified

boring

bored

‫ﻣﻤﻞ‬

‫ﻣﺮﻋﻮب‬ ‫ﯾﺸﻌﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻠﻞ‬

confusing ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻚ‬

confused

‫ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻚ‬

frightening‫ﻣﺨﯿﻒ‬

frightened

‫ﺧﺎﺋﻒ‬

disappointing disappointed ‫ﻣﺨﯿﺐ ﻟﻸﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺧﺎب أﻣﻠﻪ‬ 1- Jane is bored because her job is boring. 2- Tom is interested in the job. 3- Tom finds the job interesting. :‫ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ‬ing ‫ أﺣﯿﺎﻧﺎ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﺼﻔﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﻬﯿﺔ ﺑـ‬ 1- He is a boring person. ‫اﻧﻪ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﻤــﻞ‬ 2- She is bored. ‫إﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺸﻌﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻠﻞ‬ Exception: ‫اﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎء‬ impressed ‫ﻣﺘﺄﺛﺮ‬ impressive ‫ﻣﺒﻬﺮ‬ delighted ‫ﺳﻌﯿﺪ‬ delightful ‫ﻣﺒﻬﺞ‬ 1- She was delighted with the news. 2- Thank you for a delightful evening. ‫ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺻﻔﺘﻲ ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﻟﻠﺪﻻﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﺘﻐﯿﺮ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺷﻲء‬ .‫ ﺗﺄﺧﺬ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺷﻜﻞ اﻟﺼﻔﺔ ﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ‬and ‫وﻻﺣﻆ أن اﻟﺼﻔﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ‬ 1- It’s becoming harder and harder to find a job. 2- It’s becoming more and more difficult to find a job. 3- These days more and more people are learning English. 4- The weather is getting colder and colder. ‫ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺼﻔﺎت اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬to + inf. ‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ happy / pleased/ disappointed ‫ ﺧﺎب أﻣﻠﻪ‬/amazed/afraid/glad / delighted /surprised / sad / relieved ‫ ﯾﺸﻌﺮ ﺑﺮاﺣﺔ‬astonished ‫ﻣﻨﺪﻫﺶ‬ 1- I am sorry to hear that your brother is ill. 2- Tom was surprised to see me. 3- She was delighted to get your letter.

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

2nd secondary

It ( be ) + adj. + of + someone + to do something

1 st Part

:‫ ﻻﺣﻆ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺼﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺐ‬

(nice / kind / stupid / silly / clever / polite / careless) 1- It is kind of you to help me. 2- It was careless of Jack to leave the door unlocked. 3- It was very generous of Ann to lend us the money. :not to ‫♦ﻻﺣﻆ أﻧﻪ إذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻣﻨﻔﯿﺔ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ * The boy didn’t study his lessons well. (It was careless) - It was careless of the boy not to study his lessons well.

Comparative adjectives: ‫ﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﻤﻘﺎرﻧﺔ‬ look / seem / appear / taste / feel / sound / ‫ وأﻓﻌﺎل أﺧﺮي ﻣﺜﻞ‬to be ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﺼﻔﺎت ﻋﺎدة ﻣﻊ ﻓﻌﻞ‬ :smell  It was cold.  She looks ill.  The food smells bad. :‫ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺼﻔﺎت اﻟﻘﺼﯿﺮة‬er ‫ﻧﻀﯿﻒ‬ cheap cheaper large larger quiet quieter narrow narrower simple simpler clever cleverer clever cleverer rich richer stupid stupider :i ‫ إﻟﻲ‬y ‫ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ‬y ‫ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺼﻔﺎت اﻟﻘﺼﯿﺮة اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻨﺘﻬﻲ ب‬er ‫ﻧﻀﯿﻒ‬ lucky luckier funny funnier happy happier easy easier pretty prettier heavy heavier wealthy wealthier healthy healthier ‫ إذا اﻧﺘﻬﺖ اﻟﺼﻔﺔ اﻟﻘﺼﯿﺮة ﺑﺤﺮف ﻣﺘﺤﺮك ﯾﻠﯿﻪ ﺳﺎﻛﻦ ﻧﻀﺎﻋﻒ اﻟﺤﺮف اﻷﺧﯿﺮ‬ big bigger hot hotter fat fatter st ‫ ﻓﻘﻂ وﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﻔﻀﯿﻞ‬r ‫ ﻧﻀﯿﻒ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻘﺎرﻧﺔ‬e ‫ اذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﺼﻔﺔ اﻟﻘﺼﯿﺮة ﺗﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺑـ‬ wide wider widest nice nicer nicest :‫ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺼﻔﺎت اﻟﻄﻮﯾﻠﺔ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬

more / less …. than more / less expensive than

more / less terrifying than :‫ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﺴﺎوي ﻓﻲ اﻟﺼﻔﺔ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬

* John is as tall as Peter

as as + adj./adv. + as :‫ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻨﻔﻲ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬

not as / so + adj./ adv. + as 1- Hassan isn’t as old as Peter. (older/younger) - Peter is older than Hassan. - Hassan is younger than Peter. 2- I don’t know as many people as you do. (more/fewer) - You know more people than I do. - I know fewer people than you do. 3- Frank isn’t as rich as Joe. (richer) - Joe is richer than Frank. 4- The test was not as difficult as I thought. (easier) - The test was easier than I thought.

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

2nd secondary

1 st Part

5- I didn’t expect her to be so smart. (smarter) - She was smarter than I expected. :‫ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﻤﻘﺎرﻧﺔ‬slightly / even / a bit / much /a lot / a little / far/ ‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ 1- Going by bus is a lot cheaper than going by plane. 2- Going by plane is much more expensive. 3- You have to move a bit faster. better ‫ ﻫﻲ‬well ‫ واﻟﻤﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﻣﻦ‬worse ‫ ﻫﻲ‬ill ‫☺ ﻻﺣﻆ أن ﺻﯿﻐﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﻣﻦ‬ 1- She feels much better today. He was so ill yesterday. He's even worse today.

Superlative adjectives: ‫ﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﺘﻔﻀﯿﻞ‬ :‫ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺼﻔﺎت اﻟﻘﺼﯿﺮة ﺗﺘﻜﻮن ﺻﯿﻐﺔ اﻟﺘﻔﻀﯿﻞ ﻣﻦ‬

the ……. est deep high clever stupid

the deepest the highest the cleverest the stupidest

old short

the oldest the shortest rich the richest :‫ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺼﻔﺎت اﻟﻄﻮﯾﻠﺔ ﺗﺘﻜﻮن ﺻﯿﻐﺔ اﻟﺘﻔﻀﯿﻞ ﻣﻦ‬

the most / the least ….

interesting the most / the least interesting expensive the most / the least expensive ♦Irregular adjectives: ‫ﺻﻔﺎت ﺷﺎذة‬ good better best bad worse worst much more most many far farther/further farthest / furthest little less least ♦further = more * Are there any further questions? ♦most + adj. (without the) = very * The article I’ve just read was most interesting. = very interesting first / second / third,..etc ‫☺ ﻻﺣﻆ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺘﻔﻀﯿﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻔﺔ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت‬ * Alexandria is the second largest city in Egypt. : ‫ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺻﻔﺔ اﻟﺘﻔﻀﯿﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ وﺟﻮد ﺿﻤﯿﺮ ﻣﻠﻜﯿﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺼﻔﺔ‬the ‫♦ﻻ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ * It was his biggest achievement in Chemistry. ‫ ﻓﺒﻞ اﻟﺼﻔﺎت اﻟﻘﺼﯿﺮة‬less ‫♦ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ * He is less tall than his friend. = He is not as tall as his friend = His friend is taller than him. = He is not the same height as his friend. :‫☺ ﻻﺣﻆ اﻻﺳﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻔﺎت اﻵﺗﯿﺔ‬ Long Length expensive price Wide width big size Old Deep

age depth

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

far high

distance height

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

2nd secondary

1 st Part

the same + n. + as = as + adj. + as‫ﻟﻠﻤﻘﺎرﻧﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ اﺛﻨﯿﻦ ﻟﻬﻤﺎ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﺼﻔﺎت‬

1- Your house is as high as mine. (height) - Your house is the same height as mine. 2- The red shirt is as expensive as the white shirt. (price) - The red shirt is the same price as the white shirt. ♦Adjectives ending in –ly: ‫اﻟﺼﻔﺎت اﻟﻤﻨﺘﻬﯿﺔ ﺑـ‬ friendly friendlier friendliest lovely lovelier loveliest silly sillier silliest ‫ ﻻﺣﻆ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﻤﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺐ‬

the ……. the……..

‫ ﻛﻠﻤﺎ‬---- ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺎ‬ ‫ وﯾﺪل ﻫﺬا اﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺐ ﻋﻠﻲ أن ﺷﻲء ﯾﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻲ آﺧﺮ‬

the less the less the more the more the + adj.-er the + adj.-er 1- The harder you study, the higher marks you get. 2- You eat a lot. You become fat. (The more…) - The more you eat the fatter you become. 3- If we leave early, we’ll arrive soon. (The earlier…) - The earlier we leave, the sooner we will arrive. 4- You use much electricity. Your bill will be high. (The more..) - The more electricity you use, the higher your bill will be.

than + …….me (I +v.) / her (she +v.),etc. :(‫ )ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﺿﻤﯿﺮ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ إذا ﻛﺎن ﺑﻌﺪه ﻓﻌﻞ و ﺿﻤﯿﺮ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﺪم وﺟﻮد ﻓﻌﻞ‬than ‫ ﻻﺣﻆ ﺷﻜﻞ اﻟﻀﻤﯿﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ‬ 1- He is taller than me/him/her. But: He is taller than I am / he is/ she is. 2- They earn more money than us. But: They earn more money than we do

 + +  +  + have / has + ever + pp  + has / have + never + pp + such a / an +  +   + has / have + never + pp + a / an +  + this one



- This is the most interesting book I’ve ever read. ( I have never / more) I have never read such an interesting book. I have never read a more interesting book than this one. ofin  - Dalia is the best student in our class. - Dalia is the best of her friends. - Water is the least expensive of all liquids.  - This is the happiest day of my life   the farthest ….from / the nearest ……to  - Pluto is the farthest planet from the sun. - Mercury is the nearest planet to the sun.

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

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2nd secondary

1 st Part

Unit 7 Business around the world We are living in a global economy

People describe today's world as a global economy. This means that a company in one country sells what it produces to other countries around the world. Of course countries have been trading in this way for thousands of years. What is different now is that computer technology has completely changed the way in which companies produce and distribute their goods and communicate with each other and their customers. Websites and e-mail have made it possible for companies of all size to sell their goods cheaply and quickly all over the world. But global economy is more than this. It also means that companies do not need to stay in one country. Large international co operations, like Japanese car companies can set up almost any location, employ local workers to produce goods there and trade with other countries in the same region. It also means that people can buy goods from countries where wages are lower. For example, many things that are sold in Europe and Africa are now made in China. Because these goods can be made more cheaply in China, more people can afford them. The advantage of this economic system is the increase in international trade that it brings. This means that more people can buy more goods, which in turn means that more people all over the world have jobs. This is sometimes called a win-win situation, because everyone wins!

Port Said Port Said is a big city in the northeast of Egypt. It has a number of industries, including fishing and chemicals. It is also an important harbor for the export of rice and cotton and as the place where ships passing through the Suez Canal can get fuel.

Key Vocabulary chain chief representative yield afford corporation distribute economy economic

        

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

employ global goods technology wages international communicate appointment national income

        

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Vocabulary  oil  petrol  population  overpopulation  pollution  concern  metal goods  food industry  produce  production  customer  water (v)  opportunities  supply  methods  industrial  trade  trader  cheaply  location  local workers  advantages  disadvantages  environment  barrels harbour  transport cargo  minerals create  perishable interconnected  perish particular  business organization chemicals  improve invest  investment agriculture  investor capital  wealth local community  national economy order  global trade relationship  quantity world trade  good quality international trade  taxes ship (v.)  an hour's drive visitor  sale fuel export company import company exports imports export import fresh vegetables fruit the Middle East onions lemon manager sales manager introduce reception desk receptionist welcome buyer research scientist economics chemist businessman business person global economy

        



  

                           

Prepositions, Idioms & Expressions take place for the first time take a seat have problems

   

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

proud of lead to a win-win situation good for

   

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      

do a project on feel at home grow up make money make a profit set up increase in

2nd secondary

st 1 Part 

stay at / in stay with all over Egypt thank for in the same region communicate with all over the world

     

Antonyms  Word export buy national increase the same probable



Antonym  import sell  international  decrease  different  improbable

     

Derivatives  Verb nationalize economize

Noun  

employ



distribute communicate represent

  

nation economy

Adjective  

employee  employer  distribution  communication  representative 

national  economic  economical  employable 

Language Notes export / import: export ……… to: ‫ اﻟﻰ‬...... ‫ﯾﺼﺪر‬ * This company exports fresh vegetables and fruits to many countries. import …… from: ‫ ﻣﻦ‬....... ‫ﯾﺴﺘﻮرد‬ * Many countries import cotton from Egypt. ***************************** harbour / port harbour ‫ اﻟﻤﻜﺎن اﻟﺬى ﺗﺮﺳﻮ ﺑﻪ اﻟﺴﻔﻦ‬:‫ﻣﺮﻓﺄ‬ * The weather was too rough for the fishing boats to leave harbour yesterday. port ‫ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﻪ اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﺄﺗﻰ اﻟﯿﻬﺎ وﺗﻐﺎدر ﻣﻨﻬﺎ اﻟﺴﻔﻦ‬:‫ﻣﯿﻨﺎء‬ 1- Alexandria is a famous port in Egypt. 2- The damaged ship reached the port safely. ***************************** made of / made from / made in / made by: made from: (‫ﻣﺼﻨﻮع ﻣﻦ )اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﻤﺼﻨﻊ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ اﻟﺸﺊ ﺗﺘﻐﯿﺮ و ﻻ ﻧﺮاﻫﺎ‬

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

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2nd secondary

1 st Part

* Bread is made from flour, water and yeast. made of: (‫ﻣﺼﻨﻮع ﻣﻦ ) اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﻤﺼﻨﻊ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ اﻟﺸﺊ ﻻ ﺗﺘﻐﯿﺮ و ﻧﺮاﻫﺎ‬ * Furniture is made of wood. made in: (‫ ﺳﻨﺔ‬/ ‫ﻣﺼﻨﻮع ﻓﻰ )ﻣﻜﺎن‬ 1- We should buy goods made in Egypt. 2- This car was made in 2007. made by: ‫ﻣﺼﻨﻮع ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ‬ * This dress was made by a clever dressmaker. ***************************** economic / economical: economic: (‫اﻗﺘﺼﺎدى ) ﺗﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺠﺎرة و اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ * economic situation ‫ ﻣﻮﻗﻒ‬/ system ‫ ﻧﻈﺎم‬/ problems / development ‫ﻧﻤﻮ‬ economical: ( ‫اﻗﺘﺼﺎدى ) ﺗﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺘﻮﻓﯿﺮ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ و اﻟﺠﻬﺪ و اﻟﻤﺎل‬ * economical person / machine ***************************** afford + to + inf. .... ‫ﻟﺪﯾﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎل ﻣﺎ ﯾﻤﻜﻨﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺮاء‬ afford + n. 1- I can’t afford to buy a new car. 2- I wish I could afford a new computer. ***************************** Most = nearly all / almost all ‫ﻣﻌﻈﻢ‬ * Most students passed the test. = Nearly all students passed the test. ***************************** hire / rent: hire: ( ‫ﯾﺴﺘﺄﺟﺮ )ﻟﻔﺘﺮة ﻗﺼﯿﺮة‬ * You can hire a dress for the party if you can't afford to buy one. hire out: ‫ﯾﺆﺟﺮ‬ * I hire out my boat by the day. rent: (‫ﯾﺴﺘﺄﺟﺮ )ﻟﻔﺘﺮة ﻃﻮﯾﻠﺔ‬ * I'd like to rent a yacht ‫ ﯾﺨﺖ‬for a cruise this summer. rent out: ‫ﯾﺆﺟﺮ‬ * He owns a three-bedroom house that he rents out. ***************************** affect (v.) ‫ ﯾﺆﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ‬/ effect (n.) ‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬ affect + ‫ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬+ ‫ﺣﺎل‬ * Smoking affects health badly. affect = have an effect on have a/an + ‫ ﺻﻔﺔ‬+ effect + on + ‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬ * Smoking has a bad effect on health. :‫ ﺣﺴﺐ زﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬have ‫ ﯾﺘﻐﯿﺮ زﻣﻦ‬affect ‫ ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ‬effect ‫ ﻋﻨﺪ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ 1- The storm affected the roads badly. (effect) - The storm had a bad effect on the roads. 2- The accident has affected her deeply. (effect) The accident has had a deep effect on her. ***************************** start ‫ﯾﺒﺪأ‬ start with = begin with + n. start by = begin by + v-ing

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

2nd secondary

1 st Part

1- Let's begin with exercise B. 2- He started his speech by telling us something about his life. ***************************** trade in / trade with: trade in: ( ‫ﯾﺘﺎﺟﺮ ﻓﻰ )ﺳﻠﻌﺔ‬ * The company has been trading in oil for many years. trade with: ( ‫ دوﻟﺔ‬/ ‫ﯾﺘﺎﺟﺮ ﻣﻊ )ﺷﺨﺺ‬ * For centuries, Native Americans traded with European settlers. ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻃﻨﯿﻦ‬ ***************************** Everyday (adj.) ‫ﯾﻮﻣﯿﺎ‬ Every day (adv.) ‫ﻛﻞ ﯾﻮم‬ 1- We face a lot of problems in our everyday life. ‫ﻛﻞ ﯾﻮم‬ 2- I go to school every day. ‫ﯾﻮﻣﯿﺎ‬ ***************************** (be) located in \ on be located in = be situated in ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻣﻜﺎن ﻓﻲ دوﻟﺔ أو ﻗﺎرة ﻣﺜﻼ‬ be located on = be situated on ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﺤﺮ أو ﻧﻬﺮ أو ﻣﺤﯿﻂ‬ 1- The office is located in the city center. 2- The town is situated on the Mediterranean Sea. ‫ و ﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﻟﯿﺴﺖ ﺟﻤﻊ و ﯾﺄﺗﻰ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻓﻰ ﺻﯿﻐﺔ اﻟﻤﻔﺮد ﻣﺜﻞ‬s ‫♦ﻫﻨﺎك أﺳﻤﺎء ﺗﻨﺘﻬﻰ ﺑﺤﺮف‬ economics ‫ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎد‬physics ‫ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﻔﯿﺰﯾﺎء‬ athletics ‫اﻷﻟﻌﺎب اﻟﺮﯾﺎﺿﯿﺔ‬ statistics ‫ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻻﺣﺼﺎء‬mathematics ‫اﻟﺮﯾﺎﺿﯿﺎت‬ 1- Athletics is my favourite sport. 2- Physics is difficult to study. :‫ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ وﺟﻮد اﺳﻤﯿﻦ ﯾﺠﻤﻊ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ وﯾﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻷول ﻛﺼﻔﺔ وﻻ ﯾﺠﻤﻊ‬ a car factory ‫ﻣﺼﻨﻊ ﺳﯿﺎرات‬ two car factories a door knob ‫ﻣﻘﺒﺾ اﻟﺒﺎب‬ three door knobs a clothes company ‫ﺷﺮﻛﺔ ﻣﻼﺑﺲ‬ .‫ﻻﺣﻆ أن ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻣﻼﺑﺲ ﺟﻤﻊ و ﻟﯿﺲ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻣﻔﺮد‬ ***************************** engineer / buyer ‫ ﺗﺄﺗﻰ ﻣﻊ ﻛﻠﻤﺎت ﻣﺜﻞ‬chief ‫♦ﻻﺣﻂ أن ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬ chief buyer ‫اﻟﻤﺸﺘﺮى اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺴﻰ‬ chief engineer ‫ﻛﺒﯿﺮ اﻟﻤﻬﻨﺪﺳﯿﻦ‬ *****************************

Language Functions  Introducing people:  - My I introduce ………………… . He's …………….. Response:  - Pleased to meet you.  Offering help:  - How can I help you? - Can I help you?  Giving information:  - I have an appointment with ………..  Meeting a visitor at the airport:  - Hello, welcome to Egypt. Response: Hi. It's good to see you.  Asking for information:  - What was your journey like? Response: - It was fantastic  Meeting a friend you haven't seen for a long time: - It's good to see you again.  Meeting a friend who has been away for several weeks: - Where have you been? How are things?

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

2nd secondary

1 st Part

Grammar Relative Clauses who - whom

:‫ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﺿﻤﯿﺮ اﻟﻮﺻﻞ ﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺟﻤﻠﺘﯿﻦ و ﯾﺤﻞ ﻣﺤﻞ اﺳﻢ أو ﺿﻤﯿﺮ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬

:who ‫ ﻓﺘﺤﻞ ﻣﺤﻞ اﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮل ﻓﻘﻂ و ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻬﺎ‬whom ‫ أﻣﺎ‬.‫ ﻟﺘﺤﻞ ﻣﺤﻞ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ أو اﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮل‬who ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ 1- The boy looks very tired. He ran a long way. (who) - The boy who ran a long way looks very tired. 2- The woman was put in jail. The police charged her with murder. (who) . - The woman who (whom) the police charged with murder was put in jail.

which

:‫ ﻟﺘﺤﻞ ﻣﺤﻞ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ و اﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮل ﻏﯿﺮ اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ‬which ‫ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ * The job was very tiring. He applied for it a week ago. (which) - The job which (that) he applied for was very tiring.

whose * The man felt very sad. His wife died in the accident. - The man whose wife died in the accident felt very sad.

.‫ ﻟﻠﻤﻠﻜﯿﺔ‬whose ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ (whose)

:‫ و ﺣﺮف ﺟﺮ إذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﺪل ﻋﻠﻰ زﻣﻦ‬which ‫ ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ‬when ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬

when

* The day was remembered for long. They met on it. - The day on which they met was remembered for long. - The day when they met was remembered for long.

(which\when)

when there ‫ و ﺣﺮف ﺟﺮ إذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﺪل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻜﺎن أو ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ‬which ‫ ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ‬where ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ 1- The shop was so big. He worked in it. (which / where) - The shop which he worked in was so big. - The shop where he worked was so big. 2- He went to Acapulco. He spent most of his holiday there. (where) - He went to Acapulco where he spent most of his holiday.

what What = the thing that / the things that 1- The things that we saw astonished us. (what) - What we saw astonished us. 2- The thing that annoys him is that his friend always comes late. (what) - What annoys him is that his friend always comes late. ‫ اﻟﻨﻮع اﻷول ﯾﻌﻄﻲ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺔ أﺳﺎﺳﯿﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺸﻲء أو اﻟﺸﺨﺺ‬، ‫ﻻﺣﻆ أن ﻫﻨﺎك ﻧﻮﻋﺎن ﻣﻦ ﻋﺒﺎرات اﻟﻮﺻﻞ‬-: ‫☺ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻇﺎت ﻫﺎﻣﻪ‬ ‫ ﻗﺒﻞ أو ﺑﻌﺪ‬comma ‫ وﻻ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬who / which / whom ‫أو اﻟﻤﻜﺎن اﻟﺬي ﻧﺘﺤﺪث ﻋﻨﻪ وﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع‬ . ‫ ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﻮﺻﻞ اﻟﻤﺬﻛﻮرة‬that ‫ وﯾﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬.‫ﻋﺒﺎرة اﻟﻮﺻﻞ‬ 1- The company which he works for sells computer. 2- The woman who killed her husband was sentenced to death. ‫ﺣﻜﻢ ﻋﻠﯿﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻹﻋﺪام‬

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

2nd secondary

1 st Part

‫واﻟﻨﻮع اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻻ ﺗﻘﺪم ﻋﺒﺎرة اﻟﻮﺻﻞ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺔ ﻫﺎﻣﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺸﻲء أو اﻟﺸﺨﺺ أو اﻟﻤﻜﺎن اﻟﺬي ﻧﺘﺤﺪث ﻋﻨﻪ وﻻ ﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ :‫ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع‬that ‫ ﻗﺒﻞ وﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﺒﺎرة اﻟﻮﺻﻞ و ﻻ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬comma 1- Mr. Ahmed, who has just arrived, is a famous politician. 2- The company, which is in Cairo, employs 200 people. :‫ ﻻ ﯾﺴﺒﻘﻬﻤﺎ ﺣﺮف ﺟﺮ‬that / who ‫ﻻﺣﻆ أن‬ * The man for whom he works is German. (who) - The man that he works for is German. - The man who / whom he works for is German. ‫ وﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ وﺟﻮد ﻋﺎﻗﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﺘﻔﻀﯿﻞ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬:‫ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﺘﻔﻀﯿﻞ ﻟﻺﺷﺎرة إﻟﻲ ﻏﯿﺮ اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ‬that ‫ﻻﺣﻆ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ :who ‫ أو‬that 1- This is the best book that I have ever read. 2- He was the best king that / who ever sat on the throne. ‫اﻟﻌﺮش‬ All / much / little (that) :‫ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت اﻵﺗﯿﺔ‬that ‫ﻋﺎدة ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ * All the apples that fall are eaten by the goats. : ‫ إﻻ إذا وﺿﻌﻨﺎ ﺣﺮف اﻟﺠﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻷن‬which ‫ ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ‬that ‫ﻻﺣﻆ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻵﺗﯿﺔ أﻧﻪ ﻻ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ * The house cost him a lot of money. He lived in it. - The house in which he lived cost him a lot of money. - The house that he lived in cost him a lot of money. The :‫ ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺒﺎرة اﻟﻮﺻﻞ اذا ﻛﺎن ﺿﻤﯿﺮ اﻟﻮﺻﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﯾﺤﻞ ﻣﺤﻞ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ وﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ وﺟﻮد‬to + inf. ‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ first / second/last/only 1- Ali was the first student who arrived at school. = Ali was the first student to arrive at school. 2- He was the last man who left the ship. = He was the last man to leave the ship. :‫ﻻﺣﻆ ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺐ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻵﺗﯿﺔ‬ It + is / was + ‫اﺳﻢ‬+ who / that … It + is / was + ‫ اﺳﻢ‬+ which / that … 1- It was Peter who broke the window. 2- It was the bus that delayed us. :(‫ أﯾﻀﺎ‬To Be ‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ ﺣﺬف ﺿﻤﯿﺮ اﻟﻮﺻﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺎﻻت اﻵﻧﯿﺔ )ﻣﻊ ﺿﺮورة ﺣﺬف‬ : ‫إذا ﻛﺎن ﺑﻌﺪه ﻣﺒﻨﻰ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮل‬ * The man ran away. He was arrested for murder last month. - The man who was arrested for murder last month ran away. - The man arrested for murder last month ran away. :(‫أو إذا ﻛﺎن ﺑﻌﺪه ﺟﺎر و ﻣﺠﺮور ) ﺣﺮف ﺟﺮ واﺳﻢ‬ * The boy wants to borrow some books. He is in the library. - The boy (who is) in the library wants to borrow some books. :‫أو إذا ﻛﺎن ﺑﻌﺪه اﺳﻢ أو ﺻﻔﺔ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ اﺳﻢ‬ * John Smith was interviewed on TV. He is a famous runner. - John Smith, (who is) a famous runner, was interviewed on TV. ‫ﻻﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺿﻤﯿﺮ اﻟﻮﺻﻞ إذا ﺟﺎء ﻓﻲ ﻣﻜﺎن اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ و ﺑﻌﺪه اﻟﻔﻌﻞ و إذا ﺣﺬف ﺿﻤﯿﺮ اﻟﻮﺻﻞ و ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻣﻌﻠﻮم‬ :v.+ ing ‫ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬active * The man is very kind. He works in this office. - The man who works in this office is very kind. - The man working in this office is very kind. :‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ ﺣﺬف ﺿﻤﯿﺮ اﻟﻮﺻﻞ إذا ﺟﺎء ﻣﻜﺎن اﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮل‬ * The officer treated me very well. I met him at the police station. - The officer whom/ who/ that I met at the police station treated me very well. - The officer I met at the police station treated me very well.

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

2nd secondary

1 st Part

Unit 8 The Necklace The Necklace

Loisel works, as a government clerk and doesn’t earn much money. His wife Mathilde is very beautiful, but she can't afford the kind of life she would like. One day, Loisel receives an invitation to a ball. At first Mathilde refuses to go because she doesn’t have a good enough dress to wear. Loisel knows how much his wife wants to go to the ball, so he gives her some of his savings to buy a new dress. He suggested that she borrows valuable jewellery from a rich friend, Jeans Forestier. Mathilde goes to see her friend and borrows a beautiful diamond necklace. Everyone at the ball admires Mathilde and she has a wonderful evening. When the couple arrive home, however, they no longer have the diamond necklace! Mathilde is too ashamed to tell Jeanne, so they decide to buy identical diamond necklace as a replacement. The cost 36000 francs, leaving themselves with heavy debts. For the next ten years, Loisel and his wife spend all their time working to earn enough money to pay their debts. After ten years f hard manual work, Mathilde looks old and exhausted. Although she has lost her beauty, she feels proud that she has paid all her debts. When she meets her friend Jeanne, she tells her the story of the lost necklace. Jeanne is shocked and tells Mathilde that the necklace she wore to the ball was really made of glass. It cost only 500 francs.

Key Vocabulary act army canoeing collection continuously except (for) copy admire

       

ball (dance) debts identical manual (work) necklace savings valuable admiration

       

Vocabulary specific military force armed forces force arms flood lake

      

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

decade poetry fireman diamond replacement repay ashamed

      

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

     

2nd secondary

grandparents guest host hostess visitor college cart government clerk impressive repair / fix / mend free time spare time occasion occasionally physical work mental work activities attractive century

           

cost exhausted character twins wedding well-paid trust social status assume appearance shape garage mechanic pocket documents rectangular briefcase once a year twice a year

franc several times face heavy debts non-stop

    

including missing traditional canoe print

st 1 Part

                    

Prepositions, Idioms & Expressions  good at  go canoeing  go camping  go fishing  an invitation to  pay the debts  borrow….. from  lend …… to  for +   be made of  work as  pay back  attached / joined to  have a rest  have a holiday

owe money to fight against fight for download from go on holiday make money share … with perform in a play play with a toy a set of things the way to success mix with earn money join the army go abroad

              

Synonyms  Word 

Synonym 

identical  same valuable  expensive  exhausted  (very ) tired

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Word  ball ashamed several

  

Synonym  dance embarrassed many

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2nd secondary

Derivatives  Verb replace value copy act

Noun

   

tradition  replacement  value  copy  act 

1 st Part Adjective

traditional  replaceable valuable  acting



Language Notes ashamed / shy: ashamed: (‫ ﺣﻤﺎﻗﺔ‬/ ‫ﯾﺸﻌﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺨﺠﻞ ﻣﻦ )ﺧﻄﺄ‬ * I'm sorry! I feel quite ashamed of myself for forgetting to post your letter. shy: ‫ﺧﺠﻮل ﺑﻄﺒﯿﻌﺘﻪ‬ * My children are very shy in front of strangers. ***************************** except (for) / expect / accept: except (for): ‫ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎء‬/ ‫ﻣﺎﻋﺪا‬ 1- Everyone passed the exams except for Ali. 2- Everybody understands except me. expect + to + ‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬: ‫ﯾﺘﻮﻗﻊ‬ * We expect him to pass the exams. expect + ‫ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬+ will + ‫ ﻣﺼﺪر‬: ‫ﯾﺘﻮﻗﻊ‬ * We expect he will pass the exams. accept + ‫ اﺳﻢ‬: ‫ﯾﻘﺒﻞ‬ * He accepted my invitation to dinner. :except / except for ‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت ﻋﻠﻲ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ :‫ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺣﺮوف اﻟﺠﺮ وأدوات اﻟﺮﺑﻂ‬except ‫ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬-١ 1- It's the same everywhere except in Scotland. 2- He's good-looking except when he smiles. :except / except for ‫ ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﺿﻤﯿﺮ اﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮل ﺑﻌﺪ‬-٢ 1- Everybody understands except me. 2- We are all ready except for her. ***************************** couple / pair: a couple of : two (‫زوج ) اﺛﻨﺎن ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮع واﺣﺪ‬ * I'll be with you in a couple of minutes. couple: a husband and wife ‫زوﺟﺎن‬ * Mr and Mrs Tom are a nice old couple. a pair of: (‫زوج ﻣﻦ ) ﺷﺊ واﺣﺪ ﯾﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ ﺟﺰأﯾﻦ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻠﯿﻦ‬ a pair of shoes/glasses/trousers/scissors/gloves/jeans (‫ﺑﻨﻄﻠﻮن ﺟﯿﻨﺰ‬/‫ ﻗﻔﺎز‬/‫ﻣﻘﺺ‬/‫ﺑﻨﻄﻠﻮن‬/‫ﻧﻈﺎرة‬/‫زوج ﻣﻦ ) اﻷﺣﺬﯾﺔ‬ ***************************** indoor / indoors: indoor (adj.): (‫داﺧﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﺰل أو ﻣﻜﺎن ﻣﻐﻠﻖ )ﺻﻔﺔ ﯾﻠﯿﻬﺎ اﺳﻢ‬ * Chess is an indoor game.

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

2nd secondary

1 st Part

indoors (adv.): (‫داﺧﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﺰل أو ﻣﻜﺎن ﻣﻐﻠﻖ ) ﻇﺮف ﻣﻜﺎن‬ * He spent the whole day indoors. ***************************** refuse + to + ‫ ﻣﺼﺪر‬: ‫ﯾﺮﻓﺾ أن‬ * He refused to lend me his new camera. Would you + mind + v. + ing: ‫ﻫﻞ ﺗﻤﺎﻧﻊ‬ * Would you mind leaving the door open? ***************************** afford + ‫ اﺳﻢ‬/ to + ‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬: ‫ﯾﻘﺪر ﻋﻠﻰ‬ 1- She is beautiful but she can't afford the kind of life she would like. 2- He can't afford to buy a new computer, ***************************** wear – put on - dress wear + ‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬ ‫ ﯾﻜﻮن ﻣﺮﺗﺪﯾﺎ‬/ ‫ﯾﻠﺒﺲ‬ : ‫ ﻟﻮﺻﻒ ﻋﺎدة أو ﻣﻈﻬﺮ اﻟﺸﺨﺺ‬wear ‫ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ 1- He was wearing his best suit at the party. 2- Policemen usually wear a uniform. 3- We wear light clothes in summer. put on + ‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬ ‫ﯾﻘﻮم ﺑﺎرﺗﺪاء‬ 1- Put on your coat – it’s cold. 2- She put on her uniform and went to school. 3- Hurry up. Put on your shoes. We are late for school. dress (‫ = ) ﺑﺪون ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬get dressed ‫ﯾﻠﺒﺲ‬ * She always dresses fashionably. : ‫ ﯾﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻲ‬dress ‫ ﻻﺣﻆ اﻧﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ وﺟﻮد ﻣﻔﻌﻮل ﺑﻌﺪ‬ * Can you dress the kids for me? ‫ﯾﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻋﻠﻲ ارﺗﺪاء ﻣﻼﺑﺴﻪ‬ be dressed in + ‫ = ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬be wearing ً‫ﯾﻜﻮن ﻣﺮﺗﺪﯾﺎ‬ * He was dressed in a black suit. = He was wearing a black suit. ***************************** Suggest: + v-ing ‫ﯾﻘﺘﺮح‬ * He suggested sending Frank some flowers. Suggest (that) +Sub+ inf. 1- He suggested that I prune the trees. ‫ﯾﺸﺬب‬ 2- He suggested that she come early. :‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻤـﻠﻪ اﻷﺗﯿﻪ‬should ‫ ﻻﺣﻆ أﻧﻪ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ * He suggested that she should come early. ***************************** stop stop to + inf ‫ﯾﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﻟﻜﻲ ﯾﻔﻌﻞ ﺷﻲء‬ stop + v-ing. ‫ﯾﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺷﻲء‬ 1- On his way to work, he stopped to buy a newspaper. 2- The doctor advised me to stop eating fatty food. ***************************** continuously – continually continuously (‫ﺑﺈﺳﺘﻤﺮار ) ﺑﺪون ﺗﻮﻗﻒ – ﺑﻼ إﻧﻘﻄﺎع‬ * It has rained continuously for 2 days. continually (‫ﺑﺈﺳﺘﻤﺮار ) ﯾﺘﺨﻠﻠﻪ ﻓﺘﺮات ﺗﻮﻗﻒ‬ * You continually criticize her behaviour.

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

2nd secondary

1 st Part

tell ‫ ﻻﺣﻆ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮات ﻣﻊ‬ - tell the time ‫ﯾﺒﯿﻦ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬ - tell a story ‫ﯾﺤﻜﻰ ﻗﺼﺔ‬ - tell a lie / lies ‫ﯾﻜﺬب‬ *****************************

- tell the truth ‫ﯾﻘﻮل اﻟﺤﻘﯿﻘﺔ‬ - tell the difference ‫ﯾﺒﯿﻦ اﻻﺧﺘﻼف‬

:‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﺼﯿﻐﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﺴﺆال ﻋﻦ وﺻﻒ ﺷﻲء أو ﺷﺨﺺ‬ What + be + ‫ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬+like …? = describe 1- What was life like in the past? 2- What is Ali like? 3- What is the weather like today? ***************************** way of + V-ing ‫ﻃﺮﯾﻘﺔ ﻟـ‬ way to + inf. ‫ﻃﺮﯾﻘﺔ ﻟـ‬ 1- There are many ways of solving the problem. 2- That's not the way to do the job. ***************************** solid beauty gas

‫ ﺻﻠﺐ‬solidify ‫ اﻟﺠﻤﺎل‬beautify ‫ ﻏﺎز‬gasify

: ‫ ﻟﺘﻜﻮﯾﻦ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت‬fy / ify ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ ‫ ﯾﺤﻮل ﻟﻤﺎدة ﺻﻠﺒﺔ‬pure ‫ ﻧﻘﻲ‬purify ‫ﯾﻨﻘﻲ‬ ‫ ﯾﺠﻤﻞ‬terror ‫ رﻋﺐ‬terrify ‫ﯾﺮﻋﺐ‬ ‫ ﯾﺤﻮل ﻟﻐﺎز‬liquid ‫ ﺳﺎﺋﻞ‬liquefy ‫ﯾﺤﻮل ﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬

Language Functions

Asking for information 

 Were you good at school? When did you begin your first job?  When did you start working for the first time?  What was your life like when you were young?  Could you tell me what your life was like when you were young?  Did you do anything when you were not working?  What did you use to do when you were not working? What did you do in your free time?

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

2nd secondary

1 st Part

Grammar used to used to + inf. ‫اﻋﺘﺎد ﻋﻠﻰ‬ : used to + ‫ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻣﺼﺪر‬ . ‫ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺘﻨﺎﻗﺾ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻌﺎدات ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻰ و اﻟﺤﺎﺿﺮ‬ 1- He used to swim everyday. He doesn't do this now. . ‫ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺘﻨﺎﻗﺾ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﻮاﻗﻒ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻰ و اﻟﺤﺎﺿﺮ‬ 1- We used to live in a small flat in the city centre. 2- People used to travel by horse and cart, but now they travel by car. 3- The cities used to be smaller, but now they are much bigger. 4- I used to play the piano, but now I play the violin. 5- He used to smoke, but now he doesn't. : didn't use + ‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬ :‫وﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻨﻔﻰ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ * I didn’t use to play computer games, but now I do. : did + ‫ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬+ use to + ‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬ :‫وﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺴﺆال ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ 1- Did you use to walk to school? 2- Where did you use to live? am / is / are used to + -ing :‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻫﺬه اﻟﺼﯿﻐﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع‬ * He is used to having a cup of coffee every morning. = He usually has a cup of coffee every morning. :‫ وﯾﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻓﻲ زﻣﻦ اﻟﻀﺎرع اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ‬used to ‫ ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ‬no longer ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ * He used to smoke. = He no longer smokes. :‫ ﻣﻊ ﻧﻔﻰ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ و ﺗﺄﺗﻰ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬used to ‫ ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ‬any more / any longer ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ 1- He used to smoke. = He doesn't smoke any more. 2- He used to live here. (no longer) - He no longer lives here. 3- He used to live here. (any more) - He doesn’t live here any more. 4- He usually goes to the club on foot. (used to) - He is used to going to the club on foot. * He didn’t like Chinese food when he was young, but he is used to it now. :be used to ‫ﻻﺣﻆ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ أﻧﻪ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﺳﻢ أو ﺿﻤﯿﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ‬ :inf. ‫ ﺗﺄﺗﻰ ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻲ " ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻜﻲ " وﯾﻠﯿﻬﺎ‬be used to ‫ ﻻﺣﻆ أن‬ 1- Water is used to generate electricity. 2- Wood is used to make paper.

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

2nd secondary

1 st Part

Linkers of Result  1) +  + so +  + that + :

 very  - He was very clever. He answered all questions. (so…that) He was so clever that he answered all questions. - She ran very quickly. She could catch the train. (so … that) She ran so quickly that she could catch the train. 2) +  + such + a / an +  +  + that + : +  + such +  +  + that + : very - It was a very hot day. We decided to stay indoors. (such….that) It was such a hot day that we decided to stay indoors. - These are very tight shoes. I can't wear them. (such…..that) These are such tight shoes that I can't wear them. noun - He was so lazy that he failed the exam. (such…that) He was such a lazy student that he failed the exam. such ….. that  - He was a coward. He ran away from the battlefield.(such) He was such a coward that he ran away from the battlefield. 3)  +  +  + enough to +  + ….. very  - He is very rich. He can buy an expensive car. (enough to) He is rich enough to buy an expensive car.  enough (for +  - The test was easy. He passed it. (enough) The test was easy enough for him to pass. 4)+  + too +  + to + + …..:   - Ali is very weak. He can't walk. (too ….. to) Ali is too weak to walk.  too (for +  - The tea is very hot. I can’t drink it. (too…..to) The tea is too hot for me to drink.    too enough  - He is too stupid to understand. (enough) He isn’t clever enough to understand. enough too  - He isn’t strong enough to carry the heavy box. (too….to) He is too weak to carry the heavy box. tooenough 

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

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Prof In English

2nd secondary

Unit 9 The Olympics

1 st Part

The Olympic Games The Olympic Games, an international sports festival which takes place every four years, are particularly famous for athletics. But they also include individual sports, like swimming, and team sports like football and hockey. For sportsmen and sportswomen everywhere, taking part in the Games is usually the highlight of their careers. At first, The Olympic Games were part of a religious festival in ancient Greece. The only sport at that time was a running race. Later, longer races were added, together with boxing. The Romans conquered Greece during the second century BC and, soon after, the Games lost their religious meaning. Athletes were only interested in money, so, in 349, the Games were stopped. Fifteen hundred years later, archaeologists discovered the ancient Olympic stadium, which had been destroyed in an earthquake. This discovery gave people an idea. They thought that individual athletes would benefit if the The Olympic Games would help the world to be a more peaceful place. So, in 1896, the first modern Games took place in Greece. Again, The Olympic Games were only for amateurs, no one was paid to take part. Although competitors are still not paid to take part, some countries now train and pay future professional Olympic athletes, so they are not really amateurs. Some say this is not fair. Since the modern Olympics began over a hundred years ago, athletes have been getting faster and stronger and, at every Games, world records have been broken. This is good not only for individual athletes, but also for ordinary people. Watching Olympic athletes makes some people want to try new sports themselves.

Key Vocabulary bronze medal exercise judo take part in regularly proud benefit boxing

       

career professional amateur take place festival destroy highlight religion

       

running race BC archaeologist heavenly religions

   

Vocabulary the Olympics the Olympic Games religious festival train

    

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

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Prof In English international unfortunately achieve achievement competition competitor physical opponent award challenge sportsman sportswoman athlete form contact drop sports events sports festival athletics individual sports team sports pride techniques TV coverage hero heroine collaborate self-motivation focus self-discipline relevant characteristics cultures appreciate excel equal opportunity / chance fitness

                    

                

2nd secondary discovery stadium peaceful fair fairly individual leather gloves celebrate earthquake shake foundation weaken sports facilities sports clothes attend accommodation winner professional coach fair play understanding prestige

1 st  Part

                                    

chessboard water skiing ski skim netball court honesty honest progress gymnastic anchor seriously The state talent sponsor (v) darts origin

Prepositions, Idioms & Expressions turn off turn on set a target make sacrifices make history come third try a new sport provide ….. with provide ….. for

        

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

prepare for break a record beat a record have contact with be willing to be exposed to win a medal for tend to every four years

        

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Prof In English Synonyms 

Synonym 

Word  train

sportsman  sportswoman

career  fitness 

Synonym 



destroy

job / work health / strength

1 st Part

 play for a team  bring attention to

throw onto the ground benefit from

Word  athlete

2nd secondary



exercise work out practise damage / ruin

Antonyms  Word 

Antonym        

include religious later destroy professional individual strong

      

exclude irreligious earlier construct amateur team weak

Derivatives  Verb

Noun

benefit



destroy



compete



benefit  professional  professionalism  profession  destruction  athletics  athlete  honesty  competition  competitor 

Adjective beneficial professional

 

destructive athletic

 

honest competitive

 

Take as a phrasal Verb take care of take turns take place

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

 take part in  take off  take after

  

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Prof In English

2nd secondary

1 st Part

Language Notes Play – go – do: play ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ ﻣﻊ اﻷﻟﻌﺎب اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﯿﻬﺎ اﻟﻜﺮة‬ play (football, basketball, hockey, soccer, tennis, squash ‫اﺳﻜﻮاش‬, table-tennis, rackets, pingpong, volleyball) go ing ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺮﯾﺎﺿﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺑـ‬ go (swimming, jogging ‫ = ﺟﺮى ﺑﻄﺊ‬slow running, sailing ‫ﯾﺒﺤﺮ‬, dancing ‫ﯾﺮﻗﺺ‬ water-skiing‫ ﯾﺘﺰﺣﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺎء‬, running, scuba-diving, riding, hunting‫ ﯾﺼﻄﺎد‬, climbing ‫) ﯾﺘﺴﻠﻖ‬ : do ‫ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬a lot of ‫ أو‬some ‫ ﯾﺴﺒﻘﻬﺎ‬ing ‫ﻻﺣﻆ أﻧﻪ إذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﺮﯾﺎﺿﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﻬﯿﺔ ﺑـ‬ * I did some scuba diving last week. do ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻣﻊ اﻟﺮﯾﺎﺿﺎت اﻷﺧﺮى‬ do (gymnastics / karate / athletics / sports) ‫ ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﯾﺠﺮب و ﯾﺄﺗﻰ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺠﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﻔﯿﺔ‬do ‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ * Sailing is fun, but I have never done it before. sport / sports ‫ ﻣﻊ‬do / play ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ do / play (a sport / sports) * Do you do any sports? Yes, I play hockey. :ing ‫ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺮﯾﺎﺿﺎت اﻟﻤﻨﺘﻬﯿﺔ ﺑـ‬gone ‫ ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ‬been ‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ * Have you ever gone swimming? / Have you ever been swimming? ***************************** provide provide something for ‫ﯾﻮﻓﺮ ﺷﻲء ﻟـ‬ * The government should provide job opportunities for young men. provide someone with ‫ﯾﻤﺪ أو ﯾﺰود ﺷﺨﺺ ﺑـ‬ * The government should provide young men with job opportunities. ***************************** invent / discover invent ( ‫ﯾﺨﺘﺮع ) ﺷﺊ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﻟﻢ ﯾﻜﻦ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد‬ * Graham Bell invented the telephone. discover ( ‫ﯾﻜﺘﺸﻒ ) ﺷﺊ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ وﻟﻜﻦ ﻛﺎن ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﻌﺮوف‬ * Columbus discovered America. ***************************** achieve a goal (‫ﯾﺤﻘﻖ ﻫﺪف ) ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﯿﺎة‬ score a goal (‫ﯾﺴﺠﻞ ﻫﺪف )ﻓﻲ ﻣﺒﺎراة ﻣﺜﻼ‬ ***************************** see / hear / listen to / watch / notice: .‫ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺟﺰء ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﺪث أو ﯾﺄﺗﻰ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل ﺛﻢ ﻣﺼﺪر ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺤﺪث ﻛﻜﻞ‬ing ‫ﯾﺄﺗﻰ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻷﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل ﺛﻢ ﻓﻌﻞ ﯾﻨﻬﻰ ﺑـ‬ 1- I saw him playing football. = I saw part of the game. 2- I saw him play football. = I saw the whole game. ***************************** sense verbs: (smell / taste / feel / sound / look) + Adj. : ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﺻﻔﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ أﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﺤﻮاس‬ 1- That flower smells beautiful. 2- That cloth feels soft. 3- The meat tasted nice. :have ‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام أﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﺤﻮاس ﻛﺄﺳﻤﺎء و ﻓﻰ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻣﻌﻬﺎ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ 1- That flower has a beautiful smell. 2- That cloth has a soft feel. 3- The meat had a nice taste. be – seem – appear :‫وﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﺻﻔﺔ أﯾﻀﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻷﻓﻌﺎل اﻵﺗﯿﺔ‬

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

2nd secondary

1 st Part

1- She's clever. 2- She seems ill. ***************************** together with = including ‫وﻫﺬا ﯾﺸﻤﻞ‬ * Longer races were added to the Olympics, together with boxing. ***************************** :I'm sorry to say.. ‫ ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻲ‬I'm afraid ‫ﻻﺣﻆ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ * I'm afraid I'm so busy. = I'm sorry to say that I'm so busy. : 2/ 3 / 4 ‫ ﻓﯿﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﻣﻔﺮد أو ﻋﺪد‬every ‫ ﯾﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﻣﻔﺮد أﻣﺎ‬each ‫ﻻﺣﻆ أن ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬ every student / every 4 years each one / each book :The Olympics / The Olympic Games ‫ﻻﺣﻆ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﻔﺮد ﻣﻊ‬ * The Olympic Games takes place every four years. : everywhere ‫ﻻﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﺣﺮف ﺟﺮ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬ * I looked for my book everywhere, but I couldn't find it. ***************************** reason for – cause of reason for + noun \ v. + ing ‫ ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ‬/ ‫ﻣﺒﺮر‬ * Could you give me a reason for being absent yesterday? reason why + subject + v. * Could you give me a reason why you were absent yesterday? cause of + noun ‫ﺳﺒﺐ‬ * Pollution is the main cause of serious diseases. cause + object ‫ﯾﺴﺒﺐ‬ * Pollution causes serious diseases. ***************************** :‫ ﻟﺘﻜﻮﯾﻦ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت‬en ‫☺ﻻﺣﻆ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ‬ large ‫ ﻛﺒﯿﺮ‬enlarge ‫ﯾﻀﺨﻢ‬/‫ ﯾﻜﺒﺮ‬courage ‫ ﺷﺠﺎﻋﺔ‬encourage ‫ﯾﺸﺠﻊ‬ ‫ ﻗﺎدر‬enable ‫ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬danger ‫ ﺧﻄﺮ‬endanger ‫ﯾﻌﺮض ﻟﻠﺨﻄﺮ‬ able ‫ ﺿﻌﯿﻒ‬weaken ‫ وﺳﻊ‬short ‫ ﻗﺼﯿﺮ‬shorten ‫ﯾﻘﺼﺮ‬ weak ‫ واﺳﻊ‬broaden ‫ ﯾﻮﺳﻊ‬length ‫ ﻃﻮل‬lengthen ‫ﯾﻄﻮل‬ broad ‫ ﻣﺘﺴﻊ‬widen ‫ ﯾﻮﺳﻊ‬strong ‫ ﻗﻮى‬strengthen ‫ﯾﻘﻮى‬ wide

Language Functions  Making Suggestion:  - If you ask me, he should + + …..  - What about + v. + ing. ………..?  - I think it'd be a good idea to ……..   Agreeing:  - That's a good idea.  - I'll go along with that.   - I agree.  - That's what I think.   Disagreeing:  - I'm not sure about that.  - I don't agree.  - No, I'd prefer to +  + ….  - I wouldn't choose …. 

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi



Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

2nd secondary

1 st Part

Grammar The present perfect simple : ‫ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﺘﺎم ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺎﻻت اﻵﺗﯿﺔ‬ : ‫ ﺣﺪث ﺑﺪأ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ وﻣﺎ زال ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮا‬-١ 1- She has worked very hard this week. 2- She has lived here for 10 years. : ‫ ﺣﺪث ﺗﻢ ﻣﺆﺧﺮا أو ﻣﻨﺬ ﻓﺘﺮة ﻗﺮﯾﺒﺔ‬-٢ 1- He has just passed the exam. 2- She has already done the homework. : ‫ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺧﺒﺮة ﺷﺨﺺ ﻓﻲ ﺷﻲء ﻣﻌﯿﻦ‬- ٣ * He has always enjoyed fishing. : ‫ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺪث ﺗﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ وﻟﻪ ﺻﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺎﺿﺮ‬-٤ * Charles has written a number of short stories. ‫☺ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺗﺪل ﺿﻤﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻲ أن ﻫﺬا اﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﺎ زال ﺣﯿﺎ وﯾﻤﻜﻦ أن ﯾﻜﺘﺐ اﻟﻤﺰﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺼﺺ‬ : ‫وﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﺘﺎم اذا ﺑﺪأت اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺑﻌﺒﺎرات ﻣﻌﯿﻨﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ‬ This / It / That is the first / second / third / only / best / worst, etc. 1- This is the first time I have seen this man. 2- This is the fifth time you have asked me this question. 3- It is the worst film I've (ever) seen. :‫☺ ﻻﺣﻆ اﻟﻔﺮق ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﺎ ﯾﻠﻲ‬ Have / has gone to ‫ذﻫﺐ إﻟﻲ ﻣﻜﺎن وﻟﻢ ﯾﻌﺪ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ‬ Have / has been to ‫ذﻫﺐ إﻟﻲ ﻣﻜﺎن وﻋﺎد ﻣﻨﻪ‬ 1- She has been to Myanmar. She came back two days ago. 2- He has gone to Turkey. He will be back in a few days. :‫وﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻋﺎدة اﻟﺴﺆال اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻧﺴﺄل ﺷﺨﺺ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﻜﺎن اﻟﺬي ﻛﺎن ﻣﻮﺟﻮدا ﻓﯿﻪ وﻋﺎد ﻣﻨﻪ‬ * A: Where have you been? B: I have been to London.

The Present Perfect Continuous : ‫ﯾﺘﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﺘﺎم اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻣﻦ‬

Have been / has been + V+ing. : ‫وﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﺘﺎم اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻋﺎدة ﻣﻊ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت‬ since / ever since / for / all day / all week : ‫ ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﺘﺎم اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻟﯿﺪل ﻋﻠﻲ ﺣﺪث ﺑﺪأ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ و ﻣﺎزال ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮا ﺣﺘﻰ اﻵن وﯾﻌﺒﺮ ﻋﻦ‬ : ‫ ﺣﺪث ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﺣﺘﻲ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ اﻟﺤﺎﺿﺮ‬-١ * I've been studying all day. : ‫ ﺣﺪث ﺑﺪأ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ واﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﺣﺘﻲ اﻵن‬-٢ 1- I've been running a lot recently.

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

2nd secondary

1 st Part

2- I've been learning Spanish for the last few months. 3- It has been raining heavily for the past three days.

: ‫ ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺎﺿﺮ‬-٣ 1- I've been running – that's why I'm so tired. 2- I'm sorry about this mess. I've been painting my room. :‫ وﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻛﻠﻤﺎت ﺗﺪل ﻋﻠﻲ اﻻﺳﺘﻤﺮار‬

since…….still for……….still since …….yet

for……..now for………yet all day

1- He has been working there ever since he passed his exams. 2- He has been working there for a long time / for 3 years. 3- It has been raining for three days now. 1- They started to do the homework at 6 o’clock and they are still doing it. (since) - They have been doing the homework since 6 o’clock. 2- She started to clean the house two hours ago and she hasn’t finished yet. (for … now) She has been cleaning the house for two hours now. *We have been living here for 6 years and we don’t intend to move. :How long ‫ أﺣﯿﺎﻧﺎ ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﺘﺎم اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻣﻊ‬ * How long have you been smoking? :‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ‬When ‫ ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻲ‬How long ago ‫وﻟﻜﻦ ﻻﺣﻆ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ * How long ago did you do the job? = When did you do the job? : ‫ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻫﺬا اﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ ﻣﻊ اﻷﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﺘﻐﺮق وﻗﺘﺎ ﻃﻮﯾﻼ إﻟﻲ ﺣﺪ ﻣﺎ ﻣﺜﻞ‬ teach / learn / rain / cook / sleep / play / run / study / write / read / stay * It has been raining for the past three hours. :present perfect ‫ إذا ذﻛﺮ ﻋﺪد ﻣﺮات ﺣﺪوث اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﺘﺎم‬ * He has written three letters. ‫ )راﺟﻊ ﻫﺬه‬:‫ ﻻﺣﻆ أن ﻫﻨﺎك أﻓﻌﺎل ﻻ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻲ اﻷزﻣﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮة ﺣﺘﻰ ﻣﻊ وﺟﻮد ﻛﻠﻤﺎت ﺗﺪل ﻋﻠﻲ اﻻﺳﺘﻤﺮار ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬ :(‫اﻷﻓﻌﺎل ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻷوﻟﻲ‬ 1- I have known him for ten years now. 2- I have owned this washing machine for 5 years now. 3- He has been in the army for 5 years now.

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Exercises on units

2 nd Part

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

Exercises on units

2 nd Part

Unit 1: The World of Work Vocabulary

 Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d: 1- The ………… status of a person shows whether he / she is married. a) social b) financial c) marital d) mental 2- Graduates who apply ………… the job must be fluent in English. a) on b) about c) for d) with 3- When the employee reaches the age of 60, he / she ……………….. . a) recycles b) retired c) starves d) survives 4- He studied medicine at Cairo university and ……………… as a doctor. a) applied b) supplied c) qualified d) tried 5- My sister who works for a charitable organization believes that her work ……………… a difference in people's lives. a) takes b) works c) has d) makes 6- Ahmed worked ………………… his project all day. a) out b) against c) up d) on 7- A …………….. is the person who writes for newspapers and magazines. a) news reporter b) surgeon c) receptionist d) lawyer 8- My sister got ………… before she was accepted for the job. a) a meeting b) a conference c) a visit d) an interview 9- Tourists are always seen in front of famous museums and ………… buildings. a) history b) historian c) historic d) historical 10-The reason …………… his failure in the exam was that he didn't study hard. a) on b) of c) for d) from 11-There's a factory in our town which ……………… parts for cars and buses. a) does b) takes c) works d) makes 12-A company sends a ……… when it needs people to speak for it at a meeting. a) group b) delegation c) car d) worker 13-Although he retired as a surgeon, he continued to ……….. new treatments. a) research b) search c) look d) see 14-Everyone ……………… mistakes when they're learning something new. a) does b) takes c) works d) makes 15-We can benefit …………… old newspapers by recycling. a) from b) by c) of d) with 16-Our ……………… are the children of our children. a) parents b) ancestors c) grandparents d) grandchildren 17-He became interested ……………… computers at school. a) at b) on c) by d) in 18-She is a news reporter. She enjoys ……………… different people. a) meet b) meeting c) to meet d) with meeting 19-It's been more than 20 years since surgeons …………… the first heart transplant operation in Britain. a) made b) worked c) took d) did 20-He works ………………… a company that writes computer programs. a) for b) on c) at d) out 21-He had to move every few years, so he learnt to ……………… to different situations. a) adopt b) adapt c) apply d) use 22-He decided to be a heart surgeon when his aunt died ……… a heart problem. a) by b) from c) with d) of

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

Exercises on units

2 nd Part

23-A ……………… is a doctor who does operations in a hospital. a) surgeon b) receptionist c) reporter d) teacher 24-He was highly qualified. ………… this reason, he was accepted for the job. a) At b) With c) For d) To 25-He ………………… a lot of important work in his life. a) made b) did c) took d) worked 26-Professor Magdi Yacoub ……………… many heart transplant operations. a) make b) do c) take d) work 27-Professor Magdi Yacoub was part of a team which ………… new heart parts from human cells. a) make b) do c) take d) work 28-A surgeon is a person who……………… operations. a) makes b) carries c) performs d) works 29-I like ……………… as a hotel receptionist because every day is different. a) work b) to work c) worked d) working 30-We can install ……………… in a modern building if it is too hot. a) air conditioning b) heater c) lights d) parts 31-A trade ……………… from Europe arrived in Egypt two weeks ago. a) team b) band c) delegation d) gang 32-He hasn't filled in the ……………….. form for his passport yet. a) application b) complication c) completion d) appliance 33-If you ………………. me, people should go on a training course before they become parents. a) say b) tell c) talk d) ask 34-They are ………….. some fascinating research on the language of dolphins. a) carrying b) doing c) making d) working 35-What is the normal …………………. age for people in Egypt? a) retirement b) retreat c) retiring d) retired 36-I want to travel because I enjoy ……………….. new places. a) see b) saw c) seen d) seeing 37-Professor Magdi Yacoub did a lot of heart ………………… operations. a) transport b) transplant c) transfusion d) transfer 38-Surgeons do ………………… on people in hospitals. a) applications b) operations c) research d) business  Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write it correctly: 1- He had the qualifications and experience to make great things. 2- He traveled in small planes to find health hearts for transplants. 3- Whatever career he chooses, he wants to do a difference in people's lives. 4- He doesn't know what job he would like to make. 5- He does a lot of mistakes in mathematics. 6- He enjoys helping his brothers and sisters to make their homework. 7- I have been working at a new project since February. 8- She worked as a surgeon before she made research on new treatments. 9- My brother has a very difficult decision to do next week. 10-He saved people's lives by making heart transplants. 11-What are people's main reasons of continuing to work when they are older? 12-On my opinion, computers are magic.

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English Grammar

Exercises on units

2 nd Part

 Choose the correct answer from a, b, c, or d: 1- A long time has passed …………… I saw him. a) as long as b) because c) since d) until 2- I ……………….. a book when somebody knocked on the door. a) read b) has read c) am reading d) was reading 3- We ……………… our old friends for a year. They are too busy. a) haven't been met b) hadn't met c) didn't meet d) haven't met 4- ………………… people should work in their 70s or 80s? a) Are you thinking b) You are thinking c) Do you thinking d) Do you think 5- At the moment, I ………… research on a computer program for an Australian company. a) do b) am doing c) have done d) was doing. 6- I ………………… to be a doctor since I was ten. a) wanted b) was wanting c) have wanted d) want 7- When I was eight, I …………….. a program about a famous Egyptian doctor on television. a) saw b) have seen c) was seeing d) was seen 8- We ……………… a card for my brother. Do you want to help? a) make b) are making c) were making d) had made 9- We ……………… a meeting at work this morning when suddenly all the lights went out. a) having b) had had c) have had d) were having 10-At the moment she ……………….. to be a primary school teacher. a) trains b) was training c) is training d) has trained 11-Since I started the job two years ago, I ……………… important people from all over the world. a) have wanted b) had wanted c) wanted d) wanting 12-Heba ……………… at a large tour company as an accountant. a) work b) works c) working d) to work 13-I ………………. my homework while my brother was watching television. a) doing b) have done c) was doing d) had done 14-It …………………… often rain in Egypt. a) doesn't b) isn't c) won't d) wasn't 15-I first …………… my best friend when we were both about 3 years old. a) meet b) have met c) met d) meeting 16-What …………………… at 3 o'clock yesterday? a) were you done b) were you doing c) you were doing d) do you do 17-My mother was cooking dinner when I …………….. home. a) had arrived b) was arriving c) have arrived d) arrived 18-My uncle …………….. to Germany lately. a) is b) will be c) has been d) is being 19-You look pale. ………………………… to you? a) Has anything happened b) Will anything happen c) Had anything happened d) Was anything happening 20-I said "Hello" to my uncle, but he couldn't hear me because he ………….. to the radio. a) has listened b) was listening c) is listening d) would listen 1- Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write it correctly: 1- I only buy my new camera last week. 2- I've already taking 300 photos with my new camera. 3- My father work in a bank in the city centre. 4- He has worked in a bank since 15 years. 5- My company has an important meeting last month. 6- I fell asleep while I watched a film on television. 7- At the moment we are done a history project at school.

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

Exercises on units

8- It usually is hot and sunny in Egypt. 9- When did you first met your friend? 10-What have you do since the weekend? 11-I have worked in a bank ever for I left school. 12-I haven't saw him since last Tuesday. 13-She have had a number of jobs since leaving university. 14-I was play tennis at three o'clock yesterday afternoon. 15-I start to learn English when I was 4 years old. 16-Have you never met my brother? 17-He have not yet decided what to study at university. 18-He has studied accountancy since five years. 19-It's three weeks since I last visiting my grandfather. 20-He hasn't been in this country since the last two years.

2 nd Part

Test 1 (Unit 1) A) Language Functions 1- Respond to each of the following situations: 1- A friend wants to know what job you would like to do when you leave school. 2- A friend asks you why you'd like to be a doctor. 3- Your teacher asks you why you enjoy learning English. 4- A relative wants to know the best thing about your school. 2- Say where each of the following two mini-dialogues take place and who the speakers are: 1- A: How long have you been feeling unwell? Place: B: Since Sunday. Speaker A: A: Well, you need to take one of these tablets Speaker B: three times a day and rest for three days. 2- A: Can I help you? Place: B: Yes, I’d like to book a single room for two days. Speaker A: A: It's 80 pounds per night. Speaker B: B: Ok, thank you. B) Vocabulary & Structure 3- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c, or d: 1- Our company is planning to send …………… to the next international meeting. a) a group b) a worker c) a delegation d) a car 2- Mrs Smith was very happy to become ………….… when her daughter had a baby son. a) a surgeon b) a grandmother c) a father d) a cousin 3- The old doctor is looking forward to his ……………… at 65 years because he will no longer have to work. a) retirement b) holiday c) year d) society 4- The boy needs ……………. because his heart is not working properly and without a new heart he will die. a) a doctor b) a charity c) a transplant d) a hospital 5- It’s terribly hot in here. Please can you turn on the …………………..? a) heater b) air conditioning c) lights d) parts

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

Exercises on units

2 nd Part

6- That boy loves to draw buildings! I believe that he will become …………… when he grows up. a) an engineer b) a businessman c) an architect d) an artist 7- ……………………….. are important because they work on many things, from bridges and waterways to road systems. a) Civil engineers b) Architects c) Designers d) Managers 8- When I was at school I liked my …………….. . It was red and grey and I loved wearing it. a) teachers b) uniform c) classroom d) shoes 9- What exams …………………… you passed? a) are b) did c) have d) might 10-After I finished school, I …………….. tourism at university. a) study b) am studying c) have studied d) studied 11-Has Sara ……………….. for any jobs yet? a) applied b) applying c) application d) apply 12-Mona ………………… at Ain Shams Hospital on Thursdays and Fridays. a) is working b) works c) have worked d) has worked 13-The university is ……………………. for a qualified doctor at the moment. a) advertisement b) advertised c) advertises d) advertising 14-While I …………….. for work I saw an advertisement for my dream job. a) was looking b) looked c) have looked d) looks 15-People ………………… work when they are older for many reasons. a) continued b) have continued to c) continuing to d) continue to 16-I …………… working with my company but now I want to look for another job. a) enjoyed b) enjoying c) have enjoyed d) enjoyed to 4- Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write it correctly: 1- Since she tired from the company, she has done voluntary work for a charity. 2- I'm not blaming you. We all do mistakes. 3- You will never get a good job if you don't have any qualifies. 4- He was been a police officer since his twenty first birthday. 5- While she was read a magazine, someone knocked at the door. 6- I didn't finish the report yet. C) Reading Comprehension 5- Read the following passage, then answer the questions: Sir Magdi Yacoub has performed more transplants than any other surgeon in the world and, as a scientist; his interest in the basic mechanisms of heart structure and function in health and disease has improved transplant surgery and patient care. He was born and raised in Cairo where he qualified as a doctor in 1957. He came to Britain in 1962 and since then has made great achievements in heart surgery. He specialized in working with children with heart problems and performed complex operations on the tiny hearts of babies in their first days of life. He has always combined ‫ رﺑﻚ‬surgical work with scientific research, which he sees as the key to improving patient care and eliminating ‫ ﻳﻘﻀـﻰ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬heart disease. He has conducted research looking into organ rejection ‫ رﻓﺾ اﻟﻌﻀﻮ‬after transplantation ‫ زراﻋﺔ اﻟﻌﻀﻮ‬and is working to produce a tissue-engineered aortic heart valve. Sir Magdi Yacoub's work is all about helping people live longer and more fulfilling lives. His strong sense ‫ إﺣﺴـﺎس‬of social responsibility ‫ ﻣﺴـﺌﻮﻟﯿﺔ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿـﺔ‬led him to establish the Chain of Hope charity, which sends medical teams to the developing world to treat children suffering from heart disease free of charge. The charity is called a Chain of Hope, because of the chain of people involved in the work - people donating money, people acting as host families for children and people donating their medical expertise.

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

Exercises on units

2 nd Part

A) Answer the following questions: 1- Why did transplant surgery and patient care improve? 2- In which field did Sir Magdi Yacoub specialize? 3- What does the Chain of Hope charity do? B) Choose the correct answer: 4- Sir Magdi Yacoub sees …………………… as the key to improving patient care. a) surgical work b) heart problems c) scientific research d) heart disease 5- The underlined word "which" refers to …………………………. . a) medical teams b) developing world c) social responsibility d) the Chain of Hope charity 6- Read the following passage, then answer the questions: Samer lived with his parents until he was twenty four years old, and then he got a job in an office of a big factory in another town, so he left home. He found a little flat and lived there on his own. At first he cleaned it himself, but after a few weeks he asked Mrs Leila to help him. She promised to come to clean his flat for an hour every morning. After she had been working for two weeks, one evening, he looked at the mirror in his bedroom and thought, "That mirror looks very dusty. Mrs Leila had forgotten to clean it. I can write on the dust with my finger!" Before he left for work in the morning he wrote this message on the dust "I cough whenever I breathe because everything in this room is very dusty!" When he got home that evening, he looked at the mirror and wondered why she hadn't cleaned it. Then he bent down and saw a bottle in front of the mirror. He picked the bottle up and looked at it carefully. Mrs Leila had written some words on it. He read the words "Cough Medicine" and he couldn't make head nor tail.

A) Answer these questions: 1- Why did Samer leave his parents' home? 2- What caused Samer to cough? 3- What do you think of Mrs Leila? Why? B) Choose the correct answer from a, b, c, or d: 4- To ask Mrs Leila to clean the mirror, Samer ……………………….. . a) wrote a letter b) telephoned her c) wrote what he though on the mirror d) spoke to her 5- The underlined word "it" refers to ………………….. . a) the mirror b) the bottle c) the dust d) the room D) The Novel E) Writing 7- Write a paragraph about 100 words about: Charity societies give hope as well as help Guiding points: - Who establishes these societies? - Their role in the society. - Who do they benefit and how? F) Translation 8- A) Translate into Arabic: In some poor countries, over twenty percent of the children die in their first year of life. The reason for this is the lack of medical care and medicine. Another cause is food and water shortage. (August 2007) B) Translate into English: (August 2005) .‫ ﻟﻘﺪ ﺗﻘﺪﻣﺖ ﺟﺮاﺣﺔ زراﻋﺔ اﻟﻘﻠﺐ ﻓﻰ ﻣﺼﺮ ﺗﻘﺪﻣﺎ ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻇﺎ‬-١ .‫ ﺗﻠﻌﺐ اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺎت اﻟﺨﯿﺮﻳﺔ دورا ھﺎﻣﺎ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬-٢

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

Exercises on units

2 nd Part

Unit 2: Gulliver's Travels Vocabulary  Choose the correct answer from a, b, c, or d: 1- I can't think of an ………………….. for the team playing so badly. a) explanation b) exploration c) examination d) example 2- Gulliver's Travels was …………….. in 1726. a) announced b) advertised c) grown d) declared 3- Gulliver's Travels is thought be a clever ………………… on political situation in Europe. a) discovery b) remark c) reward d) commentary 4- When I was a child, I couldn't think of interesting ideas, so my stories weren't very ………………… . a) imaginative b) imaginary c) image d) imagination 5- ………………….. are meeting to discuss the relations between the two countries. a) Politics b) Politicians c) Diplomats d) Diplomas 6- Winston Churchill was a famous British ………… who was once a prime minister. a) director b) politician c) secretary d) manager 7- As soon as Gulliver's Travels was published, it was a great ……………………. a) succeed b) successful c) succeeding d) success 8- I'll .............. you a ring when I've finished the book. a) make b) do c) give d) take 9- I fell ……………… my bicycle while I was going round a corner. a) down b) over c) up d) off 10-The Titanic sank on its first ……………… after it hit an iceberg. a) voyage b) journey c) flight d) picnic 11-It is always wrong to ……………… things that belong to other people. a) hit b) steal c) rob d) escape 12-Children get upset if their friends ……………….. them. a) make up for b) make up c) make fun of d) make out 13-Egypt and Libya are ……………………… countries. a) neighbouring b) neighbour c) neighbourhood d) neighbours 14-You should ……………… that plant to the wall to stop it from falling over. a) relate b) lie c) tie d) lay 15- In a dictionary, the letter V …………… the word verb. a) presents b) reseves c) preserves d) represents 16-A ……………… is a person who is employed by a government to live in another country to speak for the government. a) politician b) diplomat c) writer d) lawyer 17-In the past, some people believed the earth was flat. What a …………… idea! a) ridiculous b) true c) reasonable d) logical 18-A ……………….. is a person who works in politics. a) magician b) musician c) diplomat d) politician 19-Swift makes fun of the ridiculous things politicians ………….. about. a) agree b) argue c) fight d) stand 20-She has blue eyes and yellow hair ……………… her other sisters. a) whereas b) from c) unlike d) despite 21-A …………………… is written opinions about and descriptions of a subject. a) commentary b) representation c) commentator d) community 22-The police found the ………………… car 50 kilometers from where it was taken.

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

Exercises on units

2 nd Part

a) steal b) stealing c) stole d) stolen 23-A …………… is someone who prints something and makes it available for people. a) commentator b) reporter c) publisher d) writer 24-………………… is a long journey on a ship. a) An adventure b) A safari c) A voyage d) A tour 25-We are going a long way ahead; let's wait for ………….. to catch up with us. a) the others b) others c) other d) another 26-The company …………….. him for all his hard work and honesty. a) rewarded b) congratulated c) helped d) laughed th 27-My birthday is ……………….. the 17 of October. a) in b) on c) at d) by 28-We should do our best to ……………… our living. a) win b) gain c) conquer d) earn 29-Two of the soldiers were killed and the rest were ………………. . a) captured b) lived c) stayed d) fascinated 30-The teacher …………… the class by giving them extra work. a) hurt b) talked to c) punished d) rewarded 31-I can't go into work looking like this - everyone will laugh …………… me. a) at b) of c) from d) with 32-I can ………………… people's faces, but not their names. a) remind b) call c) remember d) memory 33-I tried to ………………… him at his office, but he wasn't in. a) communicate b) connect c) tie d) contact 34-Would you mind ………………… the radio down? a) turn b) turning c) turned d) to turn 35-He was a young sailor ……………… his first sea voyage. a) in b) at c) on d) with 36-He decided to stay in Cairo for ……………… three weeks. a) the others b) others c) other d) another 37-Many shops don't open ……………… Sundays. a) in b) at c) on d) of 38-She ……………….. terribly in the winter when it's cold and her joints get stiff. a) laughs b) suffers c) talks d) speaks 39-The credit card company pays for the things you buy and sends you a bill ……… the end of the month a) in b) for c) at d) to 40-Gangs ……………….. passengers on overnight trains. a) steal b) take c) stay d) rob Find the mistake in each of the following sentences then write it correctly: 1- You should not ridiculous people who have different ideas from you. 2- She's always full of imagination ideas. 3- It's an honour for an athlete to representation his or her country. 4- Swift was born in Dublin, the larger city in Ireland. 5- Ireland belonged from Britain. 6- Gulliver's Travels were published in 1726. 7- Swift was born on 1775 at the age of 78. 8- He wrote another famous books. 9- It's very funny to reading Gulliver's Travels. 10-In Gulliver's Travels, Swift is making funny of European politics. 11-He found work in England as a secretary to a tired diplomat. 12-Gulliver's Travels is seen as the first science faction novel.

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

Exercises on units

 Respond to each of the following situations: 1- It's very hot. You ask your brother to open the window. 2- A friend of yours has done you a favour and you thank him. 3- You have just bought a new mobile. You want to know your friend's opinion. 4- A friend visits you during your illness and wishes you a speedy recovery. 5- Your father asks you to post a letter.

2 nd Part

Grammar  Choose the correct answer from a, b, c, or d: 1- …………………… the man was very sick, he didn't see the doctor. a) As b) So c) Unless d) Although 2- As well as ……………….. a writer, he was a politician. a) be b) being c) is d) is being 3- I'm not very good at sports, ………………… I can swim very well. a) despite b) however c) because d) whatever 4- The captain as well as the sailors …………… responsible for what had happened. a) was b) were c) have been d) are 5- He won’t do any work for you ………………….. you pay him. a) if b) so c) unless d) as long as 6- He didn’t expect to win, …………… he was delighted when he got the gold medal. a) so b) because c) as d) but 7- He didn’t come to school ……………… he was ill. a) because b) because of c) although d) but 8- We had to change the plans ……………… problems we hadn’t expected. a) because b) so c) as d) owing to 9- He says he likes sports. ……………………….. he only watches it on TV. a) Despite b) Although c) As d) However 10- I fell asleep ……………… I was watching a long film. a) although b) if c) while d) because 11- I like reading novels, ………………… I don't have time. a) but b) if c) because d) although 12- ……………… I was crossing to school today, I saw an accident. a) After b) Although c) while d) As soon as 13- ……………… my brother works very hard, he doesn't earn much money. a) As b) Although c) So d) As soon as 14- ……………….. you need to remember a date, write it in your diary. a) If b) Although c) Unless d) Despite 15- He thought he would miss the train, ……………….. it was late, so he caught it. a) because b) because of c) although d) but 16- ……………… he ran as fast as he could, he was only third in the race. a) If b) Although c) Unless d) Despite 17- …………….. they were having breakfast, the phone rang six times. a) As b) Although c) while d) As soon as 18- I'd like to see the new film, …………… none of my friends wants to go with me. a) because b) because of c) although d) but 19- ……………… you don't like hot weather, don't come to Egypt in July. a) If b) Although c) Unless d) Despite 20- ………………… I got home, I did my homework. a) As b) Although c) while d) As soon as 21- She speaks English ……………….. French. a) as b) as well c) well d) and 22- Not only ……………………… up late, but also he forgot his books.

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

Exercises on units

2 nd Part

a) he turned b) did he turn c) turned he d) turned 23- I went there …………………. I was a child. a) when b) before c) as soon d) although 24- He managed to eat a big lunch …………… having eaten an enormous breakfast. a) because b) because of c) although d) despite 25- She walked home by herself …………… she knew that it was dangerous. a) because b) because of c) although d) despite  Find the mistake in each of the following sentences then write it correctly: 1- Last week, as well as we went to the club, we went to the cinema. 2- He had to apologize owing to he made a shameful mistake. 3- They didn't play the match through of the bad weather. 4- As well as she studied hard, she played tennis regularly. 5- I like most school subjects because I don't like physics. 6- As soon as seeing the accident, I called the police. 7- However the box was heavy, he could carry it. 8- Because they played very well, they lost the match. 9- Ali as well as his friends are going to the concert 10-Not only he hit the man’s car but also he called him bad names. 11-Swift was a politician as well as a churchman. 12-I had to take a taxi although it was raining heavily. 13-He didn’t attend the meeting because of he was ill. 14-He went to the doctor because of he was ill. 15-Unless Peter doesn’t improve his work, he’ll fail the exam.

Test on unit 2 A) Language Functions 1- Respond to each of the following situations: 1- Your friend bought a new DVD last week. You want to know if he or she has watched it. What do you say? 2- You want to know your friend's opinion of the DVD. What do you say? 3- You want to know if you can watch the DVD when he or she has watched it. What do you say? 4- Your friend agrees to help you. You are very pleased. What do you say? 2- Say where the two mini-dialogues are taking place and who the speakers are: 1- A: It's very kind of you to bring me such Place: lovely flowers. Speaker A: B: Not at all. I hope you get better soon. Speaker B: 2- A: Excuse me, do you have these trousers Place: in a large size? Speaker A: B: Just one moment, madam, I'll check. Speaker B: A: Thank you. B) Vocabulary and Structure 3- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c, or d: 1- Watch your bag! If you are not careful, someone might …………………… it a) jump b) hit c) steal d) want 2- I was not able to speak for myself, so I asked a lawyer to ……………… me. a) watch b) represent c) interpret d) write 3- After 10 years in prison, the prisoner was able to …………… when the guard forgot to take the keys out of his door. a) escape b) celebrate c) represent d) walk

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

Exercises on units

2 nd Part

4- The boys were very unkind to the new student and they …………… his big nose. a) looked at b) talked about c) made fun of d) watched 5- The teacher decided to …………… the bad student by making him stay in the classroom during the lunch break. a) hurt b) talk to c) punish d) sing to 6- The ……………………… on the Olympic Games was much better on the other channel. a) commentary b) representation c) explanation d) imagination 7- The crowd of people, who waited in the hot sun for many hours without food and water, really ……………….. . a) laughed b) suffered c) talked d) cried 8- Mrs. Allen’s son passed all his examinations successfully, so she …………… him by buying him driving lessons. a) rewarded b) congratulated c) helped d) laughed 9- My brother is 170 cm and my sister is 150 cm. My brother is ………….. my sister. a) taller b) as tall as c) taller than d) taller as 10-I am 155 cm and so is my friend. My friend is ………….... me. a) as tall as b) taller than c) tall like d) as tall than 11-…………………… I can lend you some money. It’s no problem at all. a) Although b) If c) Of course d) As soon as 12-………………… I like reading a lot, I am not good at writing. a) Although b) If c) More d) Because 13-We can go to play tennis …………….. the weather is good. a) in spite of b) although c) of course d) if 14-I wanted to go to school ……………….. I was too sick to go. a) while b) but c) if d) as soon as 15-………………… Gulliver was travelling at sea, there was a storm. a) Although b) If c) Because d) While 16-……………… I finished reading the book, I wanted to start reading it again from the beginning. a) As soon as b) Because c) If d) While 4- Find the mistake in each of the following sentences then write it correctly 1-The police found the steal car 50 kilometres from where it was found. 2-The people in our street are very neighbouring. They always help each other. 3-My uncle is a represent for an international company. 4-Our trip to Sinai got delayed because heavy rain. 5-They played the match in spite it rained heavily. 6-I as well as Ali speaks English well. C) Reading Comprehension 5- Read the following passage, then answer the questions: Everyone is individual and different. In the same way as everyone's fingerprints are unique, so is everyone's personality. We can usually see people's personality in the clothes they wear, or how they look after their things, or how they behave with other people. When we say that we know someone well, what we really mean is that we can make accurate guesses about what that person will do or think. We know the different features of their personality. These features are called "personality traits". Psychologists think that we have "central personality traits". These affect how we behave, and how we react to people and situations. Examples of central personality traits are friendliness, neatness, competitiveness, shyness and optimism. This means that generally a person will be friendly or shy, neat or untidy, optimistic or pessimistic in different situations. Some psychologists think that we inherit these central traits from our family and that they usually stay with us all our life. Psychologists say that we also have "secondary traits", connected with the things we prefer, such as our favourite food, music, films or colours. These can change as we get older, but very

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

Exercises on units

2 nd Part

often many of them stay the same all our lives. For example, when we are adults we may buy clothes the same colour that we liked when we were children. A) Answer the following questions: 1- How are people different from each other? 2- Mention three adjectives from the passage that describe positive aspects of people's personalities. 3- What are the different types of traits mentioned in the passage. B) Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d: 4- Many psychologists think that we get our central traits from ……………… . a) school b) books c) our family d) our friends 5- According to the passage, if we know people well, we get to know ……… . a) their families b) ourselves c) their neighbours d) their personality traits 6- Read the following passage, then answer the questions: (August, 2001) On leaving, Mrs Magda gave instructions to the new baby-sitter, whose main work was to look after the baby. The baby-sitter had never done this work before and Mrs Magda was a little bit anxious. “Make yourself comfortable, Soha.” Mrs Magda said. “I’ve prepared a tray of food and fruit for you. You can listen to the radio or watch TV, but don’t have it on too loud because it might wake the baby. Sound moves terribly in this house. If the boy wakes up, go to his room and stay with him there until he goes back to sleep. Anyway, he is two years old, so you wouldn’t have any trouble. My husband and I will be back at about five o’clock.” Mr Kamal and his wife Magda returned rather later than they had expected. They heard the sound of TV. A light was still on in the living room. Their little baby was crying loudly. His face was covered with tears. Mr Kamal switched off the TV. Mrs Magda went to the living room immediately and came out holding the baby who was very hungry. “What is she doing there? Where is Soha? She is fast asleep. She has eaten all the food here!”. A) Answer the following questions: 1- Why was Mrs Magda worried about the baby-sitter? 2- What instructions did Mrs. Magda give to the baby-sitter? 3- Was Soha a good baby-sitter or a bad one? Why? B) Choose the correct answer: 4- When Mrs Magda returned home, she was surprised because…… a) the baby-sitter was awake b) there was a light in the living room c) the TV was on d) the baby was crying and Soha was fast asleep 5- Mrs. Magda came home….. a) before five b) after five c) at five d) at half past four D) The Novel E) Writing 7- Write a letter to your friend John who wants to come to visit Egypt. Tell him about: the weather, suitable clothes to bring, places to visit, accommodation and any other information you think is important. Your name is Sami. You live at 69 Safya Zagloul St. Alexandria. F) Translation 8- A) Translate into Arabic: Television has some negative effects. Studies in the USA show that today's children are fatter than children were before because they eat much when they are watching TV. These studies show that the children who spend a lot of time watching TV are worse at school. B) Translate into English: (August 2007) .‫ ﻛﺎن ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻤﺎء و اﻟﻤﻔﻜﺮﻳﻦ اﻟﻌﺮب ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻛﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻐﺮﺑﯿﺔ‬-١ (August 2001) .‫ ان ھﻮاﻳﺘﻰ اﻟﻤﻔﻀﻠﺔ ھﻰ ﻗﺮاءة اﻟﻘﺼﺺ اﻟﺨﯿﺎﻟﯿﺔ و اﻻﺳﺘﻤﺎع اﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﻮﺳﯿﻘﻰ‬-٢

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

Exercises on units

Unit 3: Today's money

2 nd Part

Vocabulary  Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d: 1- If you have a ………… connection, you can connect to the internet very quickly. a) broadcast b) broadcaster c) dashboard d) broadband 2- My uncle has had a bank ……………….. since he was 18 and he has now saved a lot of money. a) amount b) account c) maths d) discount 3- Companies have interesting websites to try to ……………… customers. a) attack b) fight c) attract d) appeal 4- Many people prefer the ………… way of buying things from shops and markets. a) traditional b) additional c) professional d) mental 5- Don't go ……………….. at night. It is dangerous. a) swim b) to swim c) to swimming d) swimming 6- If you want information about any subject, you have to ………….. the internet and type the name of the subject. a) sight b) surf c) sense d) serve 7- I'd rather ……………….. books or CDs online. a) buy b) buying c) to buy d) bought 8- When I go on a long journey, I prefer …………….. by plane. a) travel b) to travel c) to traveling d) that travel 9- When I ……………….. a team sport, I'd rather play football. a) make b) take c) see d) do 10-He buys things …………… because he does not have time to go shopping. a) online b) inline c) offline d) airline 11-A ………………….. is a plastic card used as a method of payment, the money being taken from you at a later time. a) credit card b) debit card c) cheque d) currency 12-A ………………….. is a plastic card used as a method of payment, the money being taken from your bank account automatically. a) credit card b) debit card c) cheque d) currency 13-The postman brought a new clothes ……………… this morning. It has more than a thousand pages and is very heavy. a) catalogue b) dialogue c) monologue d) cataract 14-………………….. is the money we carry in our pockets. a) Splash b) Crash c) Rash d) Cash 15-If something, especially something related to a computer, ………………… , it is simple for people to use. a) user-friendly b) friendly user c) use friendly d) friendly use 16-It ………………. a lot to buy a house in London. a) spends b) wastes c) costs d) makes 17-…………………….. , many people use the internet for different activities. a) Interest b) Interesting c) Interested d) Interestingly 18-He thanked me ………………… taking him home. a) for b) on c) at d) of 19-Ayman asked his brother to …………………… him some money. a) borrow b) lend c) spend d) ask 20-Something you buy at a good price can be described as ………………… . a) a bargain b) an occasion c) an opportunity d) second-hand 21-The furniture shop will ………………… our new bed next week.

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Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

Exercises on units

2 nd Part

a) mail b) receive c) deliver d) shiver 22-Internet shopping helps people to buy things at the cheapest ……………. a) fare b) fee c) price d) salary 23-Now, more and more people are …………… all their banking activities online. a) making b) taking c) seeing d) doing 24-They ………………… to the police about the noise. a) complained b) said c) told d) charged 25-There will be a ………………… in internet shopping in the coming years. a) death b) growth c) youth d) mouth 26-If you are one of the people waiting to be served in a shop you are a ……… a) patient b) waiter c) guest d) customer 27-Paying by credit card is a ……………………… way of paying for goods and services. a) difficult b) convenient c) tough d) bad 28-Let's go …………………… in Oxford Street. a) for shop b) shopping c) to shop d) shop 29-It's easier for young people to ……………… their own businesses. a) set off b) set on c) set up d) set aside 30-The ……………… is something you can use to navigate around your computer. a) mouse b) keyboard c) floppy disk d) mouth 31-Egyptians are ……………….. of Dr Ahmed Zewail. a) interested b) proud c) terrified d) satisfied 32-Online (backing – barking – parking – banking) is now very common. a) baking b) breaking c) braking d) banking 33-We can now ……………… instantly with people on the other side of the world. a) connect b) communicate c) contact d) link 34-Egypt has changed …………….. the years. a) over b) during c) along d) round 35-I …………… swimming to playing football. a) like b) prefer c) go d) enjoy 36-Credit cards are a way ………………… for things without using cash. a) paid b) of paying c) pay d) of pay 37-Mary needed to change some ………………… when she arrived in Egypt. a) trade b) currency c) credit card d) train 38-If you haven’t got any cash, you can pay ………………. cheque. a) in b) with c) for d) by 39-We use money to pay …………………….. what we want to buy. a) for b) at c) by d) with 40-People ……………………… money for the goods that they need. a) change b) print c) exchange d) make  Find the mistake in each sentence and correct it: 1- Internet banking is one of the fastest grow areas of computer use. 2- One day, I'd like to work for a charity organization. 3- Interesting, many people prefer to use traditional banks than online banking. 4- Internet connection via broadcast offers many advantages. 5- She was the last student arrives at school. 6- When you buy something inline, you have to use a debit card or a credit card. 7- Can I lend your pencil, please? 8- We’d rather you to come tomorrow. 9- I prefer swimming more than diving. 10-I prefer small towns than big cities.

101

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English Grammar

Exercises on units

2 nd Part

 Choose the correct answer: 1- I ………………. Europe. a) have never visited b) never visiting c) never visits d) never have visited 2- By the time my father was 18, he …………… at work for two years. a) has been b) had been c) was being d) was 3- What ……………… doing when I called? a) have you been b) were you c) are you d) had you been 4- I didn't see my friend. When I arrived at her house, she ………… out. a) gone b) went c) has gone d) had gone 5- My sister's really happy. She …………….. the school maths prize. a) has just won b) just won c) won just d) just has won 6- In the past, people ……………… the earth was flat. a) were thinking b) had thought c) thought d) have thought 7- Look at this camera I …………….. for my sister yesterday. a) have bought b) had bought c) was buying d) bought 8- At 7.15 yesterday evening, I ………………… dinner with my family. a) had had b) was having c) have had d) had 9- By the age of ten, I …………………… to swim. a) had learnt b) have learnt c) learnt d) was learning 10-Last night, while ……………….. the internet, I found the camera was much cheaper to buy online. a) surf b) was surfing c) have surfed d) am surfing 11-I didn’t write to my friend until I …………………. his letter. a) have received b) had received c) will receive d) was received 12-Almost everybody ……………… by the time we arrived yesterday. a) had left b) has left c) was left d) was leaving 13-While Dalia was reading a book, Dina (watching-was watching-watched-had watched) television. a) watching b) had watched c) watched d) was watching  Find the mistake in each sentence and correct it: 1- I'd just seen my friend Nadia. She's going shopping with her mother. 2- I'd sent you an e-mail earlier this morning. 3- When my father come home, I was finishing my homework. 4- He gave me back my book today. It has taken him only two days to read. 5- In June 2006, I've visited my uncle in Australia. 6- She has bought a new mobile last year. 7- What were you doing when I meet you at the bank yesterday? 8- What have you do recently? 9- Where was the last place you spend a holiday? 10-By the time I arrived at school, the bell has rung. 11-After the girls have done their homework they went to bed. 12-No sooner he had found a gold watch than he took it to the police.

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Prof In English Exercises on units Test 1 (Unit 3)

2 nd Part

A) Language Functions 1- Respond to each of the following situations: 1- You want to ask which subject your teacher liked best when he/she was at school. 2- Someone asks you a question that you do not want to answer. 3- You want to ask your friend the reason why he/she likes English best. 4- You would like to thank someone for answering your questions. 2- Say where each of the following two mini-dialogues take place and who the speakers are: 1- A: I'd like to change some money, please. Place: B: Sure sir. Cash or travellers cheques? Speaker A: A: Travellers cheques. Speaker B: B: All right, sir. Please sign the cheques and show me your passport. 2- A: How would you like to pay for this suit? B: By Master Card. A: That's fine.

Place: Speaker A: Speaker B:

B) Vocabulary & Structure 3- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c, or d: 1- I need some money. Can I ………………. some from you? a) lend b) want c) borrow d) give 2- She needed to change some …………… when she arrived in London. a) train b) credit card c) trade d) currency 3- ………………… the net means to look for things on the internet. a) Sighting b) Surfing c) Sensing d) Serving 4- When you use a ……………….. card, you can buy things and pay later. a) credit b) debit c) debt d) cash 5- This coat was half-price. It was a real ………………… . a) bargain b) occasion c) opportunity d) second-hand 6- A website that is easy to use is ………………… . a) user-friendly b) friendly user c) use friendly d) friendly use 7- Most people keep their money in a bank …………………… . a) accounting b) accountant c) account d) accountancy 8- …………………… is a system of getting goods before you pay for them. a) Debit b) Credit c) Currency d) Money 9- By the time he reached the bus stop, the bus …………………… . a) leave b) leaves c) will leave d) had left 10-I ………………….. for the bus when my wallet was stolen. a) have been waiting b) have waited c) waited d) was waiting 11-Why ………………….. away last week-end? a) didn't you go b) haven't you gone c) won't you go d) are you going 12-When she went home she found that she ……………….. the wrong book. a) buy b) has bought c) had bought d) would buy 13-Before ………… the High Dam, some temples had been moved to safer places. a) had built b) building c) built d) was building 14-The secretary left the office after she ………………… the letters. a) types b) had typed c) typed d) typing

103

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

Exercises on units

2 nd Part

15-It ………………… a lot last night. a) rained b) has rained c) had rained d) raining 16-We ………………….. some new plays lately. a) see b) will see c) would see d) have seen 4- Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write it correctly: 1- Do you prefer modern or tradition music? 2- I can't send e-mails because there's problem with my internet connect. 3- There has been a real grow in the number of people with broadband. 4- I telephone Nadia as soon as I heard the news on the radio. 5- I don't seen him since he travelled abroad. 6- We have visited the pyramids last week. C) Reading Comprehension 5- Read the following passage, then answer the questions: With the introduction of the Internet into our daily lives, we have changed from a society of eight to towers (that works from 8 to 2 pm) into a twenty-four hour society. Everything in this lifestyle is open all hours. You can buy your grocery at midnight, book your holiday on the internet at 3 am and do business online at dawn. Before you join the 24-hour revolution, take a minute to listen to what your body is trying to tell you. This "round the clock" lifestyle is not what the Great Creator intended for us. In an area of our brains, we have a "body clock" that controls our body's natural rhythms. It tells us when it is the right time to eat, sleep, work or play. It plays an important part in our physical and psychological well-being. It is, in fact, what makes us control many things including our hormones, temperatures, immune system and activity. It regulates the tempo and brings in all the different instructions on time to make music rather than noise. If we try to ignore our body clocks, or even to switch them off for a while, we not only deprive ourselves of much needed rest, but we also run the risk of seriously damaging our health. Accordingly, we need to have a daily routine. A) Answer the following questions: 1- Mention TWO only of the functions of the "body clock"? 2- Are you for or against the daily routine? Why? 3- What does "It" in the third paragraph refer to? B) Choose the correct answer: 4- A 24-hour society means a society that works ………………………. a) day and night b) day only c) night only d) from 8 pm to 2 pm 5- If you switch off your "body clock", …………………………. . a) you'll miss the train b) you'll damage your health c) you won't attend the match d) you'll be late for school 6- Read the following passage, then answer the questions: Cheques have largely replaced money in buying and selling. Though cheques are convenient for both buyers and sellers, they are not real money. A shopkeeper always runs a certain risk when he accepts a cheque. People do not always know this until they are shocked ‫ ﻳﺼـﺪﻣﻮن‬by going through ‫ ﻳﻤـﺮ ﺑــ‬a sad experience. That is what exactly happened to a friend of mine. He went to a famous jewellery shop to buy a precious pearl necklace ‫ ﻋﻘﺪ ﻟﺆﻟـﺆ‬and asked if he could pay by cheque. The shop assistant agreed. But the moment he signed his name ‫وﻗـﻊ اﺳـﻤﻪ‬, the shop assistant invited him into the manager’s office. The manager explained that someone with exactly the same name had offered them a worthless ‫ ﻋـﺪﻳﻢ اﻟﻘﯿﻤـﺔ‬cheque. My friend got angry and got ready to go out. The manager told him that the police would arrive and he had better stay unless he wanted to get into trouble ‫ﻳﺘﻮرط‬ ‫ﻓـﻰ ﻣﺸـﺎﻛﻞ ﻣـﻊ‬. The police explained that a thief had used the same name and managed to perform a number of robberies ‫ﺳﺮﻗﺎت‬. Then the police asked my friend to copy out ‫ ﻳﻨﺴﺦ‬a note, which had been used by the thief in a number of shops. Fortunately, my friend’s handwriting was

104

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Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

Exercises on units

2 nd Part

quite unlike the thief’s. The policeman apologized ‫ اﻋﺘـﺬر‬and my friend was allowed to go taking the necklace with him. A) Answer the following questions: 1- Which is safer in trade dealings ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼت‬, money or cheques? Why? 2- Why did the writer’s friend go to a jewellery shop? 3- How could the police prove the friend’s innocence? B) Choose the correct answer: 4- My friend was kept in the manager’s office because ………….. a) he looked like a thief b) he didn’t have enough money c) he presented a worthless cheque d) his name was like the thief’s 5- My friend got angry when …………………………. a) he entered the shop b) he was suspected c) the police came d) he was taken to the manager D) The Novel E) Writing 8- Write a paragraph about 100 words about: “Money is a good servant and a bad master” You can use the following guiding points: Use money in a good way-It is the source of evils-Cause destruction to healthsmoking-addiction ‫ إدﻣﺎن‬- People may kill. F) Translation

9- A) Translate into Arabic: Nobody is going to hand you success on a silver plate. If you want to make it, you'll have to make it on your own. In order to be successful, you should have courage, ambition, selfconfidence and self-dependence. (June 2007) B) Translate into English: .‫ ﻟﻘﺪ أﺻﺒﺢ اﻟﺘﺴﻮق ﻋﺒﺮ اﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ أﻣﺮا ﺷﺎﺋﻌﺎ ﺟﺪا ھﺬه اﻷﻳﺎم‬-١ . ‫ ﻳﻘﺪم اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻳﻮم ﻟﺨﺪﻣﺔ اﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ‬-٢

105

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

Exercises on units

Unit 4: Teamwork

2 nd Part

Vocabulary  Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d: 123456-

Football, cricket and hockey are all (group-team-pack-individual) sports. I enjoy winter (sport-sporty-sporting-sports) like skiing and skating. She used to (make-do-work-get) a lot of sport when she was younger. My running shoes don't (suit-match-fit-get) my feet. In the end, we decided (on-for-of-to) go to the theatre. Please don't ask me to make any (products-predictions-cooperation-productions) about tomorrow's meeting. 7- Squash and badminton are (team-individual-alone-single) sports. 8- If you ask me, you should (do-make-take-have) football. 9- Nurses are trained to (look-care-share-take) for sick people. 10-He used a cable to (tie-attack-attach-relate) the printer to the computer. 11-Surgeons, doctors and nurses work together to (achieve-score-arrive-get) the same goals – to help sick people to become well again. 12-Elephants and gorillas live in large family groups to bring (up-down-in-forward) their young. 13- Older people can pass (out-on-over-at) their experiences and their knowledge to younger people. 14- You can't play basketball (at-in-of-on) your own. 15- Football players pass the ball to each other until one player can (store-make-score-achieve) a goal. 16-You can do a lot of sports at our (sport-sporty-sporting-sports) centre. 17-Some people do a sport to keep (fit-fat-fate-ill). 18-Egypt could (win-lose-gain-beat) Italy 1- 0. 19-Lions hunt their prey in (packets-packages-pockets-packs). 20-After the Roman Empire broke (down-out-in-into), world trade declined. 21-There are many (stations-situations-states-stars) where people need to cooperate to succeed. 22-Birds can (demonstrate-commentate-cooperate-commemorate) on complex jobs. 23-We use (string-sting-stream-stain) for fastening and tying things: 24-She has had to make some very difficult (occasions-decisions-discussions-explosions). 25-For animals and humans cooperation is important for (death-hunger-survival-suppression). 26-The teacher asked the students to get into (grapes – gaps - groups – grains) of four. 27-A (pack-packet-package-team) of surgeons operated on his heart. 28-It wasn't my (attention-intention-invention-intension) to exclude her from the list - I just forgot her. 29-A (cooperation-corporation-contamination-combination) of tiredness and boredom caused me to fall asleep. 30-I have never (gone-worked-done-been) hockey. 31-Scientists are doing (experiments-experiences-examinations-exercises) to test the effectiveness of the new drug. 32-Who (beat-earned-gained-won) the men's finals in the tennis? 33-Astronauts wear special clothes which (protest-protect-prevent-produce) them. 34-He decided (for-on-to-about) his goals when he was a child. 35-The child couldn't breathe (properly-proper-poorly-probably), so he was taken to the doctor. 36-She hasn't got a job. She (demands-deals-depicts-depends) on her parents for money. 37-The train was late but no-one knew the (season-reason-treason-icon) for the delay. 38-Surgeons specialise (at-with-in-for) performing operations. 39-You have to follow these (instructions-rules-orders-laws) if you want to repair the computer. 40-Mrs Hala is very popular (at-about-for-with her students.

106

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

Exercises on units

2 nd Part

4- Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write it correctly: 1- For animals and humans, cooperate is important for survival. 2- A good business person can quickly make an important decide. 3- My predict is that you will be a successful engineer. 4- Her intend is to pass all her exams next year. 5- The combine of the wind and rain made driving very difficult. 6- You can't play basketball of your own. 7- He was saved by a tame of doctors. 8- Mr Alan learns us English.

Grammar  Choose the correct answer: 1- I expect I (spend-am spending-will spend-was going to spend) good time with my friends. 2- I think our team (will win-win-are winning-are going to win) more matches. 3- There's not a cloud in the sky – it (will be-is being-shall be-going to be) another very sunny day. 4- I've decided what to do at the weekend. I (have visited-will visit-am visiting-am going to visit) my uncle. 5- Look at those black clouds. It (will rain-is going to rain-has rained-is raining). 6- We (will go-are going to go-shall go-have gone) to the Red Sea this summer. I've bought a guide book. 7- He (will fly-is going to fly-is flying-flies) to London tomorrow. He’s got his ticket. 8- The concert this evening (starts-will start-is starting-is going to start) at 7. 9- A: The phone is ringing. B: I (answer-am going to answer-am answering-will answer) it. 10-He (is seeing-saw-has seen-was going to see) the director in a few minutes. 11-I promise I (have bought-will buy-am going to buy-must buy) you a nice present. 12-The cup is on the edge of the table. It (is falling-has fallen-is going to fall-will be falling). 13-(Might-May-Should-Will) you buy me some stamps, please? 14-My little sister looks very sad. She (will-shall-might not-is going to) cry. 15-I hear you are starting your university course soon. I'm sure you (shall-is going to-will-would be) enjoy it. 16-If he's late again, I (am-will be-am being-was) very angry. 17-(Will-Shall-Are-Might) we go to the club tonight? 18- He (is leaving-will leave-is going to leave-shall leave) in an hour. He has arranged it with his boss. 19-My brother (is being-is going to be-is-will be) twenty next week. 20-I (waited-was waiting-have waited-will be waiting) or you at the hotel at midday tomorrow.  Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write it correctly: 1- I think I buy this watch. 2- I expect that our team must win the match. 3- The film shall start at 7 p.m. tomorrow evening. 4- The water is boiling – I am going to turn the gas off. 5- It will rain. The sky's looking very dark. 6- They leave for London tomorrow. They've arranged everything. 7- If you don't do your homework, you shall be punished. 8- From 5 to 6 tomorrow, I am studying English.  What would you say in these situations? 1- A friend wants to cook the family meal this evening, but can't decide what to make. Give advice. 2- Your friend asks for your advice about where to go on holiday. What do you reply? 3- Advise a friend who wants to take a younger brother out for the day but can't decide where to go. 4- A friend asks your advice about the best way to keep fit. What do you reply? 5- Your friend is ill. You give him advice. What do you say?

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Prof In English Exercises on units Test 1 (Unit 4)

2 nd Part

A) Language Functions 1- Respond to each of the following situations: 1- Someone asks your opinion about the weather. What do you say? 2- Someone asks you about your plans for your next holiday. What do you say? 3- Someone asks what you want to study at university. What do you say? 4- Your friend asks you why you didn't come to his birthday party. What do you say? 2- Say where each of the following two mini-dialogues take place and who the speakers are: 1- A: Next time, I'll send you off. Place: B: Why? Speaker A: A: For your deliberate fouls. Speaker B: B: I'm sorry. 2- A: May I get in, sir? Place: B: You are late. Speaker A: A: Sorry, sir. I won't be late again. Speaker B: B) Vocabulary & Structure 3- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c, or d: 1- Sometimes companies accept applicants with no ……………….. and give them full training later. a) experiment b) experience c) expression d) explanation 2- He found himself in a difficult …………………… when he lost his money. a) situation b) state c) station d) status 3- No progress will be achieved unless all citizens …………………… for the good of their country. a) commemorate b) cooperate c) decorate d) demonstrate 4- Surgeons work with a ……………….. of doctors and nurses to help patients. a) package b) packet c) pocket d) team 5- Boxing and wrestling are examples of ………………….. sports. a) individual b) team c) group d) single 6- My aunt is amazing. She worked full-time as a doctor and …….... up five children. a) raised b) took c) sent d) brought 7- The Olympic Games are a …………….. festival which is held every four years. a) sports b) sport c) sport's d) sports' 8- We should show ……………… towards other people and respect their opinions. a) cruelty b) tolerance c) intolerance d) hatred 9- Next Saturday I'm going ……………… my aunt. a) for visit b) visit c) to visit d) to visiting 10-There's a history programme on TV tonight. I think you ……………… it. a) are enjoying b) enjoy c) are going to enjoy d) will enjoy 11-I expect he …………… his exams easily. a) will pass b) passes c) is passing d) is going to pass 12-She ……………… to London next spring. a) travels b) traveled c) is traveling d) has travelled 13-My sister …………………… at six tomorrow morning. a) arrives b) arrived c) has arrived d) was arrived 14-The wind is getting stronger. There ………………… a thunderstorm. a) would be b) might be c) is going to be d) shall be 15-You have had a very tiring day. I'm sure you ……………… feel better after a good night's sleep. a) will b) can't c) have been d) may not 16-The earth is getting very crowded. Perhaps one day people …………… live on the moon. a) are going b) shall c) will d) should have

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4- Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write it correctly: 1- Football players pass the ball to each other until one player can win a goal. 2- In a recent experience, scientists showed that birds can cooperate on complex jobs. 3- Scientists found that they could successfully learn many pairs of birds to get their food in this way. 4- Space scientists has to work in large, complex teams to send people into space. 5- Elephants and gorillas live in large family groups to bringing up their young. 6- The birds could see the food, but to get him into their cage, they had to pull pieces of string attached to the box. C) Reading Comprehension 5- Read the following passage, then answer the questions: The ancient Greeks always asserted ‫ ﻳﺆﻛـﺪ‬that a healthy mind in a healthy body is the golden ‫ ذھﺒـﻰ‬key ‫ ﻣﻔﺘـﺎح‬to a well-balanced ‫ ﻣﺘﻮازﻧـﺔ‬life. Nowadays many schools are decreasing ‫ ﻳﻘﻠـﻞ‬the amount of time given to sports, and some schools are removing ‫ ﻳﺰﻳـﻞ‬it altogether. Although academic subjects are certainly a very important part of the school curriculum ‫ﻣـﻨﮫﺞ‬, I am strongly opposed ‫ ﻣﻌﺎرض‬to the complete removal ‫ ازاﻟﺔ‬of sports. Firstly, schools have a responsibility ‫ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﯿﺔ‬to educate ‫ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ‬children in all areas. For that reason, it is just as important to provide sports practice for the professional ‫ ﻣﺤﺘﺮف‬sportsmen and women of the future, as it is to provide academic training to those who will go on to university. In addition, students these days spend long hours studying or working at their computers. Therefore, they need the opportunity ‫ ﻓﺮﺻـﺔ‬to do some physical activities during the school day. This will not only help to increase their level of fitness and make them healthier, it will also mean that they develop better social skills and are able to concentrate on their studies for longer, and thus achieve a better result. In conclusion, I strongly believe that sports should remain a key part of the school curriculum. All children have the right to get a balanced education, and they should not be deprived of the opportunity to learn how to play sports. A) Answer the following questions: 1- Does the writer support or oppose the issue of increasing sport time at school? 2- Why is it important to practise sports during the school day? 3- What should not children be deprived of? B) Choose the best answer from a, b, c, or d: 4-The ancient Greeks believe that ………………………………………… a) there is a connection between intelligence and strong body. b) well-balanced food is important c) there is a negative effect of sports on the body d) studying is more important than sports 5- The word “key” means ……………………… a) lock b) necessary c) clue d) guide 6- Read the following passage, then answer the questions: During a recent car trip, I pulled into a rest area and was approached by a dirty man who asked for money to get petrol for his car. I rejected his appeal rationalizing that to give money to beggars would be to encourage a practice already on a disturbing rise in our country. Later I had a change of heart, I handed the man ten pounds and wished him well, but I couldn’t bring myself to grasp the outstretched hand he offered in appreciation. People begin and end almost every interaction with handshakes. Handshaking has become a thing of the past and increasingly dangerous, too. Risks associated with handshaking have become more threatening

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2 nd Part

than the mere passing of germs from one person to another. It is true that diseases such as hepatitis cannot be passed from one person to another through a simple handshake. But what about cold viruses? Rather than risk your health unnecessarily, we might adopt an alternative to handshaking. The “namaste” – placing your two palms together with fingers pointed upward – is used throughout much of the world as a display of respect when greeting someone. Similarly, the military salute would permit us to greet each other without touching. As a possible compromise between the “namaste” and the salute, we might consider the familiar Japanese bow. A) Answer the following questions: 1- Why does the writer think that handshaking is a bad habit? 2- Why did the writer hesitate to give money to the man? 3- What is the advantage of a military salute? B) Choose the best answer from a, b, c, or d: 4- According to the writer, we……..…get cold viruses by handshaking. a) can b) can never c) couldn’t d) never 5- There are ………..alternatives to handshaking. a) no b) two c) three d) four D) The Novel E) Writing 8- Write a paragraph about 100 words about: The importance of sports Guiding points: - The sound mind is in the sound body. ‫اﻟﻌﻘﻞ اﻟﺴﻠﯿﻢ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺠﺴﻢ اﻟﺴﻠﯿﻢ‬ - Strengthen ‫ ﺗﻘﻮى‬muscles and activate mind. - Spending spare time fruitfully. ‫ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻣﺜﻤﺮة‬ - Team work-cooperation -patience. F) Translation 9- A) Translate into Arabic: Sports are useful for character development. In their books, children learn about such values as unselfishness, courage and love of one’s country. However, what is learned by experience in sports has a deeper effect on a child’s character. B) Translate into English: .‫ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﺴﺘﻐﻞ اﻟﺸﺒﺎب أوﻗﺎت ﻓﺮاﻏﮫﻢ ﻓﻰ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ اﻟﺒﯿﺌﺔ و ﻣﻤﺎرﺳﺔ اﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ اﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﯿﺔ‬-١ . ‫ ان اﻟﺘﻌﺎون ھﻮ أﺳﺎس اﻟﻨﺠﺎح ﻓﻰ اﻟﺤﯿﺎة اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺜﺔ‬-٢

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Exercises on units

Unit 5: Lord of the Flies

2 nd Part

Vocabulary ď &#x20AC; Choose the correct answer: 1- My grandfather loved ships and the sea. When he was a young man, he spent five years in the (envy-army-police-sailing club). 2- I've read a lot of Arabic poems and novels, but I don't know much about French (literaturemagazines-books-newspapers). 3- Some people think it is (friendly-kind-right-cruel) to keep animals in zoos. 4- My cousin is always (pessimistic-optimistic-happy-pleased) and thinks something bad is going to happen 5- I am always (pessimistic-optimistic-sorry-sad) and think life is going to be good! 6- People could show great (treasure-happiness â&#x20AC;&#x201C;cruelty-pleasure) during the war. 7- The men (arrested-captured-escaped-caught) the animal and took it to the zoo. 8- A lion has escaped (with-by-of-from) its cage. 9- They (did-made-worked-created) a fire so that ships could see them. 10-They (made-set-did-built) a shelter to protect them from the wind and rain. 11-They thought of ways to (escape-get-protect-stop) from the island. 12-Jack (made-set-did-worked) fire to the island. 13-The trees provided some (home-shelter-house-flat) from the rain. 14-It is (fright-frightened-frightening-afraid) to think what might happen if she left him. 15-Sometimes doctors need to make (sensible-sensitive-stupid-silly) decisions in a very short time. 16-A (pass-passed-past-passing) motorist stopped and gave her a lift to the nearby town. 17-The best way to (extend-expand-explore-expire) the countryside is on foot. 18-It's not (fair-fare-fee-fur) to blame me for everything! 19-It was a very (criminal-frightened-violent-friendly) match. Some of the players hit each other. 20-People who (find-borrow-capture-steal) from shops should be punished. 21-Hundreds gathered to await the boxer's (arrive-arrives-get-arrival) at the airport. 22- The tourists wanted to do different things, so they (split-spelt-spilt-spit) into three different groups. 23-John (divides-splits-cuts-shares) a house with four other people. 24-Doctors need to be very calm persons who are not easily (shared-shocked-checked-choked) at seeing terrible injuries and accidents. 25- She (signalled-signed-noticed-remarked) to the cars behind that they were going the wrong way. 26-I've met him so (much-a lot of-a lot-many) times and I still can't remember his name! 27- Now that the kids are old enough to (fond-find-fend-friend) for themselves, we're free to travel more. 28-No one can travel alone (on-in-at-with) a desert island. 29-The dictator (made-took-did-caught) control of the country in 1933. 30-He managed (finish-in finishing-to finish-to finishing) the exam on time. 31- It seems like (such-such a-such an-so) long way to drive for just one day. 32-I don't think there's (many-a lot- of-lots of-much) to be gained by catching an earlier train. 33-He (fright-frightening-frightens-fights) me when he drives so fast. 34- He has a lot of good (qualities-quantities-qualifications-degrees) but being organized isn't one of them. 35-The opposite of 'sensible' is (wise-stupid-brave-patient). 36-(Make-Do-Have-Take) sure that you lock the door behind you before you go out. 37-The police (looked-searched-tested-saw) the woods for the missing boy. 38-He (said-told-spoke-discussed) the matter with his father. 39-It is very important for the doctor to get (on-on with-up-over) the nurses and other doctors. 40- If rules are (broken-smashed-obeyed-followed) in the family, this can result in an unhappy family,

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Exercises on units

2 nd Part

 Find the mistake in each of the following sentences and write it correctly: 1- The boys chose Ralph as their lead. 2- At first they cooperation with each other. 3- They started to have a disagree. 4- They believed there was a frighten animal on the island. 5- Ralph was saved by the arrive of a ship. 6- We need good leaders who are intelligence. 7- To be good at playing chess you need to be patience. 8- Professor Magdy is respect for his extraordinary research. 9- I've finished do my homework. 10-It was so exciting film.

Grammar  Choose the correct answer: 1- I prefer (a-an-the-no article) wooden furniture. 2- My sister works in (a-an-the-no article) hospital. 3- She has to wear (a-an-the-no article) uniform when she's at work. 4- My uncle is (a-an-the-no article) honest man. 5- He drives (a-an-the-no article) underground train. 6- (A-An-The-No article) film which I saw last night was very exciting 7- My uncle is (a-an-the-no article) English teacher in a secondary school. 8- (A-An-The-No article) teachers in our school work very hard. 9- (A-An-The-No article) teachers work very hard. 10-On our trip to Spain, we crossed (a-an-the-no article) Atlantic Ocean. 11-Why don’t you ask (a-an-the-no article) Professor Magdy Yacoub about his schooldays? 12-When I was at school, I loved (a-an-the-no article) Mathematics. 13-We had dinner at (a-an-the-no article) most expensive restaurant in town. 14-My friend lived in (a-an-the-no article) India for a long time. 15-This ring is made of (a-an-the-no article) gold. 16-I go to (a-an-the-no article) bed early. 17-My father went to (a-an-the-no article) school to meet my teachers. 18-(A – An – The – No article) capital of Australia is Canberra 19-William Golding was (the – an – some – a) very famous English writer. 20- (No article – A – An – The) Amazon is in South America. 4- Find the mistake in each of the following sentences and write it correctly: 1- France is part of an European Union. 2- Gobi is a huge Desert in Asia. 3- The Mediterranean Sea is between the Europe and Africa. 4- A computer has changed the way we work. 5- It is said that an apples are good for you. 6- One system of government is a democracy. 7- Sterling pound is the currency of United Kingdom. 8- Cairo is a capital of Egypt. 9- Ali is a tallest boy in class. 10-My father works as a accountant.

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Prof In English Exercises on units Test 5 (Unit 5)

2 nd Part

A) Language Functions 1- Respond to each of the following situations: 1- The interviewer asks you what qualities you think are important to be a successful student. What do you reply? 2- A friend asks you what you think makes a good friend. What do you reply? 3- A friend asks you what you think makes a good teacher. What do you say? 4- Your friend asks you what you need to be a successful sportsman. What do you say? 2- Say where each of the following two mini-dialogues take place and who the speakers are: 3- A: Why are you throwing this rubbish here? Place: B: Well, what would you like me to do with it? Speaker A: A: You should put it in the garbage bin. Speaker B: 4- A: What do you think of university life, so far? Place: B: Everything is different from school. Speaker A: A: You are good at rowing. You can join our team. Speaker B: B) Vocabulary & Structure 3- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c, or d: 1- The rain was falling down hard, but the old man was able to find some …… under a nearby tree. a) umbrellas b) roof c) shelter d) dry 2- Police are warning the public that the man who escaped from prison is very …………………… and that they should stay away from him. a) violent b) friendly c) criminal d) hungry 3- My grandfather belonged to the ………………. . He travelled on many ships and over many oceans, sometimes during war-time. a) army b) navy c) sailing club d) police 4- Samy is a very ……………… person. He always believes that something good will happen in any situation. a) happy b) cruel c) optimistic d) truthful 5- To travel from Egypt to Greece, you need to travel across the …………… . a) Pacific b) Nile c) Atlantic d) Mediterranean 6- I love studying English ……………. . There are so many different novels and books written by so many historical and famous writers. a) newspapers b) literature c) books d) writing 7- I would like to become a writer because I think that I am very ……….. and I can think of many different exciting stories to tell other people. a) brave b) imaginative c) clever d) respected 8- Omar’s father is very well …………… in his profession. He was a surgeon for 25 years and now he teaches at the best universities. a) watched b) wanted c) respected d) liked 9- People in ……………… speak many languages. a) an Europe b) Europe c) the Europe d) a Europe 10-The longest river in Egypt is ………………….. . a) a River Nile b) some River Nile c) the River Nile d) River Nile 11-My brother wants to be ………………….. . a) an engineer b) engineer c) the engineer d) a engineer 12-_____ should listen to their parents. a) Childrens b) A children c) The children d) Children 13-I really like ……………….. at my school.

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a) an teacher b) teacher c) the teachers d) teachers 14-……………….. is a huge star which gives the earth light and heat. a) Sun b) The sun c) A sun d) An sun 15-When I was walking to school, I saw …………….. who was asking people for money. a) men b) a man c) the man d) man 16-I want to buy ………………… that we saw in the shop yesterday. a) the book b) book c) a book d) some book 4- Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write it correctly: 1- The thief broke from the policemen and they could not catch him. 2- My brother is an optimistic person. He thinks the worst is going to happen. 3- You must not theft. It's wrong to take things that do not belong to you. 4- Crete is the island in the Mediterranean Sea. 5- Japan is a large group of islands in some Pacific Ocean. 6- Britain is part of a United Kingdom. C) Reading Comprehension 5- Read the following passage, then answer the questions: Elizabeth Blackwell was born in England in 1821, and emigrated ‫ ھـﺎﺟﺮت‬to New York city when she was ten years old. One day she decided that she wanted to become a doctor. That was nearly impossible for a woman in the middle of the nineteenth century. After writing many letters seeking ‫ ﺗﺒﺤـﺚ ﻋـﻦ‬admission ‫ اﻟﻘﺒـﻮل‬to medical schools, she was finally accepted by a doctor in Philadelphia. So determined ‫ ﻣﺼﻤﻤﺔ‬was she that she taught at school and gave music lessons to earn money for her tuition ‫ﺗﻌﻠﯿﻢ‬. In 1849, after graduation ‫ اﻟﺘﺨﺮج‬from medical school, she decided to further her education in Paris. She wanted to be a surgeon, but a serious eye infection forced her to give up the idea. Upon returning to the United States, she found it difficult to start her own practice because she was a woman. By 1857, Elizabeth and her sister, also a doctor, along with another female doctor, managed to open a new hospital, the first for women and children. Besides being the first female physician and founding her own hospital, she also established the first medical school for women.

A) Answer the following questions: 1- How did Elizabeth Blackwell earn money for her tuition? 2- Why couldn’t Elizabeth Blackwell realize her dream of becoming a surgeon? 3- What are the “firsts” in the life of Elizabeth Blackwell? B) Choose the correct answer: 4- Elizabeth Blackwell emigrated to New York City in ……………………. . d)1857 a) 1821 b) 1831 c)1849 5- The main obstacle that almost destroyed Elizabeth’s chances for becoming a doctor was that ………………………. . a) she was a woman b) she wrote too many letters c) she couldn’t graduate from medical school d) she couldn’t establish her hospital. 6- Read the following passage, then answer the questions: Sport is an important part of today’s society and plays a large role in people’s lives. Now, more than ever, sport events dominate headlines and athletes have become national heroes. From a social standpoint, sport plays a positive role in uniting people from different social backgrounds in support of their favourite team. However, just as sport unites people so it can divide them, as is often demonstrated by crowd violence at football matches. Sport is also an important part of every child’s schooling, as it plays a big role in their physical and mental development. “It” teaches children how to work as part of a team and cooperate with others, while at the same time improving their physical condition. The only

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drawback to this is that children who are less able to perform well in sports are likely to feel inadequate in comparison with their more gifted classmates, which may affect their selfconfidence. From an economic point of view, sport can be very profitable as it attracts a lot of advertising. On one hand, this creates profit for the sporting industry which allows for improvement and expansion, on the other hand, large sums of money are often paid to event organizers to promote products such as cigarettes, which are harmful to one’s health. A) Answer the following questions: 1- According to the passage, sport has two social effects on people, what are they? 2- How does sport play an important part in education? 3- What does the underlined word ‘it’ in the third paragraph refer to? B) Choose the correct answer: 5-The children who are likely to feel inadequate are usually….. a) good at sport b) experts at sport c) interested in sport d) weak in sport 6-One drawback of sport at football matches is that…… a) it creates profit for the sporting industry b) it often leads to violent actions c) it improves the physical condition d) it develops the mental condition D) The Novel E) Writing 9- Write a letter to your friend, Hani, apologizing for not being able to attend his birthday party. Your name is Yusef and you live at 15 Nile Street, Assiut. F) Translation 10- A) Translate into Arabic: Rules are important in families. Children should obey their parents and go to bed on time. If rules are broken in the family, this can result in an unhappy family. B) Translate into English:

.‫ ﺣﺎول و ﻛﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻃﯿﺒﺔ ﻣﻊ اﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ‬.‫ ﻛﻦ ﻣﺘﺴﺎﻣﺤﺎ‬-١ .‫ ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺳﻮﻳﺎ و اﻟﺘﻌﺎون‬-٢

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Exercises on units

Unit 6: That's amazing

2 nd Part

Vocabulary ď &#x20AC; Choose the correct answer: 1- When his tent got lost, he was in a tight (side-corner-wall-flat). 2- Mandy's phone call came out of the (blue-glue-flu-brown). 3- The car just missed the child, but it was a close (ring-phone-cool-call). 4- There are 14 mountains which are more than 8000 metres above sea (level- grade-degreestandard). 5- The side of the swimming pool is too (shallow-deep-creep-sweep) to stand up in. 6- I couldn't believe how beautiful the island was. It was absolutely (amazing-bad-uglyfrightening). 7- The (bottom-inside-outside-summit) of this mountain is covered with snow for most of the year. 8- I don't remember what it was like being a (toddler-trembler-shaker-barrier). It was so long ago. 9- Some (managers-mountaineers-merchants-mountaineering) climb mountains without using oxygen. 10-My brother has had a (lifeboat-lifelike-lifelong-lifestyle) wish to be a doctor. 11-Climbing would be a real (challenge-shortage-charge-massage) for me. I don't like heights. 12-I can't swim. I wish I could (conquer-win-gain-earn) my fear of water. 13-Omar Samra had dreamed (at-from-with-of) climbing mountains since he was a toddler. 14-Madonna was the only student (get-got-to get-getting) top marks in English. 15-Anyone would feel nervous (at-by-with-of) having an operation. 16-Sir Edmund Hillary was the first man to (walk-arrive-get-climb) Everest. 17-Mountaineers are incredibly (cowardly-impatient-brave-stupid) people. 18-I'm (brightly-brilliantly-slightly-confidently) upset that she forgot my birthday. 19-He lost his footing but he kept his (cold-cool-hot-warm). 20-He was in a (sight-light-right-tight) corner when his money was stolen. 21-The flight (lasted-made-did-worked) nearly two hours. 22-Omar Samra was the first Egyptian to (get-arrive-walk-reach) the summit of Everest in 2007. 23-Omar Samra's climb was the most important (sport-sports-sporty-sporting) event of 2007. 24-He fell (of-off-down-under) the mountain and lost his life. 25-A (baby-toddler-kid -infant) is a child who has just started walking. 26-I had to (rise-arise-arouse-raise) my voice to make myself heard over the noise. 27-She (arose-rose-aroused-raised) from her chair to welcome us. 28-An (inventor-archaeologist-explorer-expert) is someone who travels to places where no one has ever been in order to find out what is there. 29-James took the books off the little table to make (room-a room-rooms-room's) for the television. 30-I don't eat meat and my husband doesn't (too-also-either-neither). 31-I wish I (will-can-may-could) travel abroad next year. 32-The ship sank to the (top-summit-below-bottom) of the sea. 33-He was the only person that survived the car (accident-event-happening-incident). 34-We decide to go (dive-to dive-diving-to diving). 35-(A professional-An amateur-A competitor-A referee) is a sports person who gets paid. 36- They are (rising-raising-arising-arousing) money for charities. 37-He (took-dropped-stopped-fell) to his death climbing Everest. 38-All his dreams and (promotion-protection-ambitions-ambiguity) came true. 39-The Chinese have a festival at which they (see-meet-honour-celebrate) their dead. 40-Would you like to (do-make-solve-play) this quiz magazine with me?

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Exercises on units

 Find the mistake in each sentence and write it correctly: 1- Rick was starting to annoy her but she kept her cold. 2- I have never seen this amazingly animal before. 3- I wish I can live abroad. 4- There's no rooms for mistake when you go climbing. 5- His travel came out of the flu. He never said a word about it.

2 nd Part

Grammar  Choose the correct answer: 1- Catherine finds music (interest-interests-interested-interesting). 2- The film was (disappoints-disappointment-disappointed-disappointing). I expected it to be much better. 3- He was (excite-exciting-excited-excitement) when he knew he had got the full mark. 4- We were (surprised-surprising-surprise-surprises) that he passed the exam. 5- The children are (boring-bored-bores-bore). They have nothing to do.  Find the mistake in each sentence and write it correctly: 1- The book was so bored that I read it several times. 2- Mr Ali is always very tire when he gets home from work. 3- It was careless for him to leave the door open. 4- It's not safe for stand on that chair. 5- Who was the first man to reaching the South Pole? --------------------------- Choose the correct answer: 1- Which do you think is (exciting-more exciting-most exciting-the most exciting) city in the world? 2- Going by plane is (a lot-a lot of-lots of-many) more expensive than going by bus. 3- Ali is as (tall-high-heavy-long) as Sami. They are the same height. 4- Perhaps I looked bad this morning, but she looked (worse-the worst-more badly-badly). 5- Cars are as twice as (more expensive-expensive-most expensive-less expensive) as they were a few years ago. 6- The (old-older-eldest-oldest) tree in the world is in Sweden. 7- Climbing is the (more-most-less-as) dangerous sport in the world. 8- Climbing is (more dangerous-most dangerous-so dangerous-as dangerous) than cycling. 9- Everest is the (high-higher-highest-highly) mountain in the world. 10-London isn’t (so-very-highly-a lot) hot as Cairo. 11-Everest is (high-higher-highest-highly) than Kilimanjaro. 12-The (deepest-deep-deeper-depth) place in the ocean is called Challenger Deep. 13-The Pacific Ocean is the (biggest-bigger-big-tallest) ocean in the world. 14-The Nile is the (long-length-longer-longest) river in the world. 15-The warmer the weather, the (good-better-best-more good) I feel. 16-Dalia is the same (old-young-age-older) as Diana. 17-Sarah is the (young-younger-youngest-more young) of the two sisters. 18-Giraffes are (tall-taller-the tallest- as tall) of all animals. 19-Today is (a little-little-less-the least) hotter than yesterday. 20-Ayman is the (highest-longest-tallest-deepest) boy in our class.

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Exercises on units

 Find the mistake in each sentence and write it correctly: 1- Ramy thinks that his football team is best than all the other teams. 2- The more you study, the best marks you'll get. 3- No other river in the world is longest than the Nile. 4- The fastest you drive faster, the earlier you arrive earlier. 5- Mark and Sherif aren’t the same tall. 6- I have never met such a best friend. 7- Dalia and Mary are the same old. 8- Nobody works as harder as Albert does. 9- Rania is the most tall girl in class. 10-No city in Egypt is big than Cairo. 11-The much food you eat, the fatter you become. 12-No student in our class is as cleverer as John. 13-Tokyo is the more busier city in the world. 14-Everyone in my family is young than my grandfather. 15-Mahmoud is the most taller boy in the class. 16-This is the less interesting book I've ever read. 17-The apple tree and the pear tree are both the same high. 18-Omar can run most quickly than all the other boys in his class. 19-This is most exciting film I've ever seen. 20-English is more easier to learn than Chinese.

2 nd Part

Test 6 (Unit 6) A) Language Functions 1- Respond to each of the following situations: 1- Someone asks you which city is the capital of Britain. What do you reply? 2- Someone asks you how long the River Nile is. What do you answer? 3- A tourist asks you which is the second largest city in Egypt. What do you say? 4- Your younger brother or sister asks you how old the Pyramids at Giza are. What do you answer? 2- Say where each of the following two mini-dialogues take place and who the speakers are: 1- A: Can you show me where I can try this Place: dress on? Speaker A: B: The fitting rooms are on the left over there. Speaker B: 2- A: What are you watching my son? Place: B: It's the final football match. Speaker A: A: Have you finished your homework? Speaker B: B: Yes, I have. My mother checked it. B) Vocabulary & Structure 3- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c, or d: 1- The White Desert in Egpyt is very low, in fact it is below ……………………… . a) ground b) water c) sea level d) cities 2- Amin was only …………… late - he should have arrived at 5 pm but he was delayed by ten minutes. a) very b) some c) little d) slightly 3- The tree was old, and its ……………… grew deep into the earth. a) leaves b) branches c) roots d) bottom 4- I would like to go ………………. -sea diving n the Red Sea. a) far b) deep c) low d) scuba 5- This English exercise is very difficult. It is really a …………………… for me!

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Exercises on units

2 nd Part

a) challenge b) trouble c) difficulty d) question 6- Hany’s …………….. is to become a successful photographer. a) want b) ambition c) career d) life 7- The top of the mountain towered thousands of metres _____ us. a) above b) below c) away d) from 8- To stay safe as an explorer, you need to take with you the correct safety …… . a) machinery b) things c) clothes d) equipment 9- The …….......... experience in my life was when I saw a big bear in the wild. a) frightened b) least frightening c) more frightening d) most frightening 10-You should buy the green trousers. They are the _____ in the shop. a) more expensive b) less expensive c) few expensive d) least expensive 11- Abeer and Omar are the same height. They are _____ each other. a) as tall as b) taller than c) as tall than d) more tall than 12- Mrs Hani is the ……………. teacher I’ve ever had. Her classes are always so interesting and I always look forward to them. a) inspiring b) most inspiring c) biggest inspiring d) more inspiring 13- Tamer is a much calmer person than Omar, so before their exams Omar was much ……………….. than Tamer. a) more nervous b) nervous c) most nervous d) least nervous 14- The …………… animal which I have seen in Egypt is a camel. a) most big b) biggest c) more big d) bigger 15- Video cassettes are not ……………. as DVDs. a) moderner b) so modern c) modern d) more modern 16- This English exercise is the ………………… challenging exercise in the book! a) few b) more c) most d) biggest 4- Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write it correctly: 1- Amateur mountaineers climb for money. 2- The boat began to sink and I realized that I was in a tight wall. 3- Jacques Balmat reached the submit of Mont Blanc. 4- My grandfather is more old than anybody else i9n the family. 5- Mahmoud is not as taller as Ali. 6- Omar is the most fast runner in his class. C) Reading Comprehension 5- Read the following passage, then answer the questions: At a height of 8850 meters, Mount Everest is the world’s largest mountain. Mount Everest is still growing a few millimeters every year! It is in the mountain range called the Himalayas. The summit ridge ‫ ﺳﻠﺴـﻠﺔ‬of Mount Everest separates ‫ ﻳﻔﺼـﻞ‬Nepal and Tibet. Each of these two countries has a special name for this giant mountain. The Nepalese name is ‘Sagarmatha’, which means ‘goddess ‫ آﻟﮫـﺔ‬of the sky’. The Tibetan name is ‘Chomolungma’, which means ‘mother goddess of the universe ‫’اﻟﻜـﻮن‬. In English, Mount Everest is named after Sir George Everest, the first person to record the height and location ‫ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ‬of the mountain. A climb to the summit ‫ ﻗﻤـﺔ‬was attempted ‫ ﻳﺤـﺎول‬by George Mallory in 1922، who famously gave his reason for wanting to climb Everest as, “Because it’s there”. He attempted to reach the summit again in the company ‫ ﺑﺼـﺤﺒﺔ‬of Andrew Irvine in 1924, but it was on this trip that both climbers disappeared. The first successful climb of Mount Everest was accomplished ‫ ﺗـﻢ‬by Sir Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay on May 29, 1953. The first ascent by a woman was on May 16th 1975, by Junko Tabei from Japan. Between 1921 and 2001, more than 1400 people have climbed Mount Everest. Since the first ascent in 1953, more than 600 climbers from 20 different countries have reached the summit. However, at least 170 climbers have died attempting ‫ ﻳﺤﺎول‬to climb Mount Everest, from avalanches ‫ﻛﺘﻞ ﺿﺨﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻠﺞ أو‬

119

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

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Exercises on units

2 nd Part

‫ﺻـﺨﺮ ﺗﻨﮫـﺎر ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺟﺎﻧـﺐ ﺟﺒـﻞ‬, but also from falls in crevasses ‫ﺗﺼَـﺪْﻋﺎت ﻋﻤﯿﻘـﺔ‬, cold, or high-altitude ‫ ارﺗﻔﺎع‬sicknesses. A) Answer the following questions: 1- In what way does Mount Everest change every year? 2- Who wanted to climb Mount Everest“ because it’s there”? 3- Mention four ways in which climbers have died on Mount Everest. B) Choose the correct answer: 1-Mount Everest is in the mountain range called the………………………… . a) Rocky Mountains b) Andes c) Himalayas d) Alps 2-The first team to successfully reach the summit was ……………………… . a) George Mallory and Andrew Irvine b) Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay c) George Mallory and Edmund Hillary d) Tenzing Norgay and Andrew Irvine 6- Read the following passage, then answer the questions: A few months ago, the pilot of a small plane had an unusual flight. A strong wind blew the plane sideways, and it touched the top of a tree. Both wheels of the plane were knocked off but the plane did not crash. The pilot sent a radio message to the airport. He did not know how to land without wheels. The airport controller promised to help the pilot. He telephoned the airport firemen and told them what to do. A fireman saw a long open lorry. It was waiting at the airport building to collect some goods. The fireman borrowed it and drove to one end of the airport runway. Then he turned round and waited for the plane to come. The airport controller sent a radio message to the pilot. He told him to land on top of the lorry. The fireman drove quickly along the runway and the pilot flew down to land. Luckily, he managed to land on the lorry. Part of the lorry was damaged and the tail of the plane was broken but nobody was injured. The fireman slowed the lorry down and then stopped. The pilot was very grateful. He gladly agreed to pay for the damage of the lorry. A) Answer the following questions: 1- Why did the pilot send a radio message to the airport? 2- How was the fireman able to save the pilot? 3- What did the airport controller do to help the pilot? B) Choose the correct answer: 4- The underlined word "He" in the last paragraph refers to …………. a) the pilot b) the fireman c) the airport controller d) the lorry driver 5- After the adventure, the plane was in need of (a new tail only-two wheels only-a tail and two wheels-a tail and four wheels). a) a new tail only b) two wheels only c) a tail and two wheels d) a tail and four wheels D) The Novel E) Writing 8- Write a paragraph about 100 words about: Travelling abroad enriches one’s experience Guiding ideas: - Why people travel. - What they see and do.- How this affects their way of thinking and behaving. F) Translation 9- A) Translate into Arabic: Television is considered one of the cheapest and most important means of entertainment and information. It shows a variety of programs that appeal to people of different ages. It also helps students by presenting useful educational programs. B) Translate into English: .‫ ﻳﺘﺴﻠﻖ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻨﺎس اﻟﺠﺒﺎل اﻟﺨﻄﯿﺮة ﻻﻧﮫﻢ ﻳﺮﻳﺪون أن ﻳﻘﮫﺮوا ﺷﯿﺌﺎ اﺛﻨﺎء ﺣﯿﺎﺗﮫﻢ‬-١ .‫ ﻳﺤﺘﺎج ﻣﺘﺴﻠﻘﻮ اﻟﺠﺒﺎل أن ﻳﻜﻮﻧﻮا ﻻﺋﻘﯿﻦ ﺑﺪﻧﯿﺎ‬-٢

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Exercises on units

2 nd Part

Unit 7: Business around the world Vocabulary

ď &#x20AC; Choose the correct answer: 1- Many countries (import-export-impact-extract) cotton from Egypt. 2- China has a (population-pollution-pollination-publication) of 1.3 billion people. 3- Agriculture, which (destroys-employs-works-operates) most of the population is mainly in the east of China. 4- Paper is made (to-from-by-in) wood or cotton. 5- They spent the evening (write-to write-writing-with writing) invitations to the party. 6- The secretary said, "(Take-Make-Do-Sit) a seat, please." 7- How much would it cost to (hire-rent-lend-fire) a car for a fortnight? 8- Ahmed is very proud (about-of-from-by) his business. 9- The (economic-economical-economy-economist) situation is already very bad and it is getting worse. 10-Goods are (transplanted-transfused-transmitted-transported) to other countries by planes. 11-(Objects-Subjects-Goods-Goals) are things that are produced in order to be sold. 12-Increasing production leads to an increase in national (wages-salaries-money-income). 13-I have (an appointment-a lecture-a seminar-a conference) with the family doctor. 14-I (greeted-introduced-produced-informed) my friend to my father. 15-Port Said is an hour's drive (of-from-by-with) our house. 16-The books will be (distributed-contributed-attributed-split) free to local schools. 17-(Fees-Fares-Salaries-Wages) means the money that someone is paid every week by their employer 18-The Channel Tunnel has improved the (contribution-conclusion-distribution-destruction) of goods between the British Isles and mainland Europe. 19-We stayed (on-in-with-from) Montreal for two weeks then flew home. 20-They said they would stay (on-at-with-for) a hotel. 21-The children usually stay (on-at-with-for) their grandparents for a week in the summer. 22-Students were asked to (make-work-take-do) a project on Egyptian export companies. 23- We can now (communicate-tie-connect-commemorate) with people on the other side of the world. 24-She makes a big (profit-gain-win-perfect) from selling waste material to textile companies. 25-The global economy has increased (local-national-regional-international) trade. 26-Many goods sold in African and European countries are now made (in-of-from-with) China. 27-The firm has two (representatives-educators-advertisers-presenters) in every European city. 28-Doctors say that this drug has no side (affects-affection-effects-affective). 29-She didn't want to work for a big (operation-cooperation-distribution-corporation) where everything was so impersonal. 30-They chose a lawyer to (present-represent-introduce-greet) them in court. 31-Although he is an honest man, they refused to trade (in-with-on-from) him. 32-I thanked him (of-from-on-for) helping me with my homework. 33-Economics (was-were-are-are being) my favourite subject at university. 34-My uncle has a company that (imports-exports-grows-throws) fresh vegetables and fruits to many countries. 35-Port Said is located (in-at-on-of) the Suez Canal. 36-A terrible accident took (a place-part-space-place) last night. 37-The Suez Canal is so important to (local-world-regional-national) trade. 38-Port Said is an important (harbour-port-part-harvest) for the export of rice and cotton. 39-Some companies set (off-up-through-on) in other countries and hire local workers. 40-Eating the right food (effects-affects-effective-affection) health well.

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Prof In English

Exercises on units

2 nd Part

 Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write it correctly: 1- New businesses will employable hundreds of people in the city. 2- Companies can now distribution goods all around the world. 3- E-mails help companies to communication with their customers. 4- Archaeology is knowledge and equipment used in scientific or industrial work. 5- Skilled factory workers receive higher weekly fees than unskilled ones. 6- Mr Wong is the chef buyer for a Chinese import company.

Grammar  Choose the correct answer: 1- 1970 was the year (that-where-when-which) my mother was born. 2- The company (who-which-where-when) my father works for exports goods to Europe. 3- I don’t like people (who-whose-which-what) drive fast cars. 4- Port Said, (who-which-where-when) his business is located, is an hour's drive from our house. 5- The Sales Manager of the company, (who-which-where-when) is 26 years old, studied economics at university. 6- The person (who-which-where-when) the company belongs to is an accountant. 7- My uncle Ahmed, (who-which-where-when) is a businessman, lives in Tanta. 8- Tanta, (who-which-where-when) is Egypt's fifth largest city, has many mosques. 9- Ahmed's clothes company, (who-which-where-when) he started in 1950, exports all over the world. 10- Ahmed, (who-which-where-when) has many customers in India, often goes there for holidays. 11- The clothes, (who-which-where-when) are made of Egyptian cotton, are very good quality. 12- Ahmed, (who-which-where-when) is very proud of his business, exports to china, too. 13- Fruco, (who-which-where-when) was started in 1985, is an important Egyptian company. 14- Mr Latif, (who-which-where-when) is the manager of Fruco, has worked for Fruco for 25 years. 15- Tom Masters, (who-which-where-when) works as a research scientist, comes from England. 16- The company, (who-which-where-when) he works for imports cotton from Egypt. 17- The big projects, (are carried out-will carry out-carrying out-carried out), will increase the national income. 18This is the mechanic (which-whose-who-whom) repaired my car. 19- Romeo and Juliet were two lovers (which-whose-who-that) parents hated each other. 20- Students (arrived-arriving-arrive-who arriving) late missed the start of the experiment. 21You’ll be punished for all (which-what-that-where) you have done. 22- July is the month (when-who-which-where) I go on holiday. 23- Over the road is the hairdresser’s (who-whose-whom-where) I usually have my hair cut. 24- He met one of his old friends in Tanta (which-that-where-who) he lives. 25- This is the time (which-when-who-that) she usually arrives.  Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write it correctly: 1- Greg, where grew up in London, has lived in Egypt for 15 years. 2- The university where I want to go to is near my uncle. 3- Jim passed the driving test what surprised everybody. 4- Summer is the season which many people take vacations. 5- The girl that mother is ill is crying. 6- Ahmed whom is a rich businessman has a house in Tanta. 7- Ahmed who wife is English often travels to England. 8- The firm where he works for is sending him to America. 9- She lived in Rome which she taught English. 10-We saw some people who car had broken down.

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Prof In English Exercises on units Test 7 (Unit 7)

2 nd Part

A) Language Functions 1- Respond to each of the following situations: 6- You meet a visitor to your country at the airport. You want to make him or her feel at home. What do you say? 7- A person you do not know arrives at your school. Ask if you can help him. 8- You meet a friend who you have not seen for a long time. What do you say? 9- In class, you see a school friend who has been away for several weeks. What do you say? 1- Say where each of the following two mini-dialogues take place and who the speakers are: 3- A: Is there anything to declare? Place: B: I don't think so. Speaker A: A: Will you open your bags, please? Speaker B: B: Sure. 4- A: Hello! Can I help you, sir? B: Yes, I’d like to book a single room, please. A: With or without a bathroom. B: With a bathroom.

Place: Speaker A: Speaker B:

B) Vocabulary & Structure 2- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c, or d: 1- Our fruit ………has increased since we started watering our plants more often. a) yield b) field c) shield d) yell 2- The three biggest supermarket …………… are used by 75% of the population. a) chins b) chains c) chairs d) shares 3- My uncle has an important job. He is the ………… engineer for a car company. a) chef b) shift c) chief d) brief 4- ……………………… of countries which export oil are meeting to discuss the economic situation. a) Representatives b) Actors c) Actresses d) Artists 5- The ………………. situation in our country is improving. a) economy b) economics c) economist d) economical 6- New businesses will ………………… hundreds of people in the city. a) destroy b) employ c) enjoy d) expand 7- Companies can now ……………….. goods all around the world. a) distribute b) contribute c) attribute d) extinguish 8- E-mails help to improve the way companies ……………… with their customers. a) translate b) persuade c) communicate d) commemorate 9- Is that the woman ………………. bag was stolen? a) whose b) where c) who d) which 10-The President visited China ………………… he was warmly welcomed. a) who b) which c) whose d) where 11-The dog barked ………………….. it saw itself in a mirror. a) which b) what c) who d) when 12-Egypt is the land ……………… people of different cultures can live peacefully. a) who b) whose c) where d) which 13-Is that the flat …………………… was advertised in the paper last week? a) where b) which c) when d) what

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MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

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Exercises on units

2 nd Part

14-This is the book about ………………… I was talking to you. a) who b) whom c) that d) which 15-The students ……………….. get high marks can join the faculties they like. a) who b) which c) whom d) whose 16-The government encourages the businessmen ……… exports are competitive. a) who b) that c) what d) whose 3- Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write it correctly: 1- The company aims to distribution its products throughout the European Union. 2- The global economy has increased nation trade. 3- The economy situation in our country is improving. 4- My cousin, that is a research chemist, works in the food factory. 5- My brother went to Oxford University which he studied economics. 6- The university which my uncle works in is in Cairo. C) Reading Comprehension

1- Read the following passage, then answer the questions: When you enter a supermarket, the manager knows better than you do how you will behave – which way you will walk, where you’ll look, what will make you buy one product rather than another. When customers go into a shop, they usually look to their left but move clockwise, towards the right. So supermarket entrances are usually on the left of the building, and the layout is designed to take shoppers around the store, from left to right. Then, shoppers will pay attention to all the products. Fresh fruits and vegetables are shown near supermarket entrances. This gives the impression that only healthy food is sold in the shop. Basic foods that everyone buys, like sugar and tea, are kept in different places so customers go past other attractive goods before they find them. In this way shoppers are encouraged to buy products that they do not really need. One best-selling position for products is on shelves at eye-level. Another is at the end of passage between shelves because shoppers usually slow down to turn into the next passage. Sweets are often placed at children’s eye-level at the checkout. While parents are waiting to pay, children take the sweets they want. Customers also buy more when the shelves are full than they are half-empty. A) Give short answers to the following questions: 1- What do supermarkets usually show near the entrance? Why? 2- What’s the aim of putting basic foods far from each other? 3- What do customers think of products on half empty shelves? B) Choose the correct answer: 4- “Shoppers move clockwise” means that they ………………………… . a) move to the right b) take care of the time spent in the shop c) move towards the clock in the shop d) move to the left 5- The underlined word them refers to ………………………….. . a) different places b) customers c) attractive foods d) basic foods 2- Read the following passage, then answer the questions: One day last week, a small red plane landed in a field near Tarek's house in Al-Minya. As soon as he saw it, Tarek phoned his friend Gamal and told him what had happened. Gamal was very interested and immediately went to Tarek's house. When he arrived, the boys went to the field to look at the plane. Two men were climbing out of it and when they saw the two boys, they shouted, "Come over here!" One of the men asked the boys where they were, because they had no idea where their plane had landed. Tarek and Gamal told them that they had landed near Al-Minya. The two men asked the boys if they could use their telephone to get help.

124

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Exercises on units

2 nd Part

After the boys had helped the men, Tarek took them back to his house. When they had told Tarek's father what had happened, one of the men phoned the plane rescue company. After a short time, a large lorry arrived, picked up the men and their plane and drove away. Suddenly, the field looked very empty. A) Give short answers to the following questions: 1- When did this story happen? 2- What does it refer to in this sentence, "Two men were climbing out of it..."? 3- Why did the men from the red plane ask the boys where they were? B) Choose the correct answer from a, b, c, or d: 4- How did Gamal feel when Tarek told him about the plane? a) frightened b) interested c) tired d) happy 5- Who did the boys tell about the red plane? a) Tarek's father b) the police c) Gamal d) another friend D) The Novel E) Writing 3- Write a paragraph about 100 words about: Travelling abroad enriches one’s experience Guiding ideas: - Why people travel. - What they see and do. - How this affects their way of thinking and behaving. F) Translation

4- A) Translate into Arabic: Egypt aims at attracting Arab and foreign capital for investment. So, the Egyptian government should encourage setting up new factories for modern industries. It should also develop the existing ones. B) Translate into English: .‫ ﻟﻘﺪ ﺳﺎﻋﺪ اﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ اﻟﺘﺠﺎرة اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﯿﺔ‬-١ .‫ ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺎ اﻟﻜﻤﺒﯿﻮﺗﺮ اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ اﻧﺘﺎج و ﺑﯿﻊ ﻣﻨﺘﺠﺎﺗﮫﺎ‬-٢

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Exercises on units

Unit 8: The Necklace

2 nd Part

Vocabulary ď &#x20AC; Choose the correct answer: 1- A (clerk-sailor-captain-pilot) is someone whose job is to keep the records or accounts in an office. 2- He (formed-did-made-worked) money from writing. 3- An (Arm-army-art-ant) is part of a country's military force that fights on land. 4- (Swimming-Diving-Camping-Canoeing) is a sport using a long narrow boat. 5- Many people have holidays (canoeing-swimming-climbing-diving) on rivers or lakes. 6- This shop is open every day (except-expect-accept-exempt) for Fridays. 7- The city is flooded because it has rained (conveniently-continuously-cunningly-shortly) for the last three days. 8- In some countries, young men have to (connect-link-join-contact) the army and train for a year. 9- There's a wonderful (collection-connection-communication-community) of old books in our town library. 10-Before you can be in a film or play, you have to learn to (behave-play-speak-act). 11-My cousins look exactly the same. They are (classical-identical-practical-political) twins. 12-This gold necklace is (cheap-rich-high-valuable). It cost me a lot of money. 13-(Manual-Easy-Fast-Little) work can be very tiring. And it is not very well-paid. 14-I really (appeal-proud-hate-admire) my grandfather. He has spent his whole life working to look after his family. 15-She is going to spend some of her (papers-coins-savings-change) on a new car. 16-This morning I received an invitation (to-for-in-at) a meeting at my college. 17-I'm going to borrow a dictionary (to-from-by-with) one of my friends. 18- Her grandparents had to work hard (in-by-for-with) years before they could afford their own car. 19-The shirt I'm wearing is made (of-in-by-at) cotton. 20-Before he retired, my uncle worked (similar-such as-alike-as) a hospital doctor. 21-A (bracelet-watch-anklet-necklace) is a piece of jewellery worn around the neck. 22-A (ball-football-call-pal) is a large formal occasion when people dance. 23-His first novel sold 25,000 (hobbies-copies-duties-habits) in the first year. 24-He paid (for-back-at-with) all his debts. 25-She was (wearing-dressing-dressed-putting) a nice dress at the party. 26-He suggested that I (looking-to look-looks-look) for another job. 27-When they came to a cafeteria, they stopped (eating-to eat-to eating-to be eaten). 28-He has spent his whole life (working-to work-worked-to working) to look after his family. 29-(Savings-Coins-Currencies-Banknotes) are all the money you have not spent. 30-The band stopped (to play-playing-play-played) and there was silence. 31-He suggested (go-going-to go-of going) to the theatre. 32-I tried (stop-to stop-stopping-stopped) him, but he had already left. 33-Would you mind (to lend-lends-lending-lent) me this CD? 34-He refused (answer-to answer-answering-for answering) my questions. 35-Adel lost his job. He borrowed money from all his friends and soon he had many (moneysfinances-savings-debts) which he could not pay back. 36-I'd prefer to do (manual-physical-hard-hand) work, such as to be a gardener, a builder or a driver, than to sit in an office all day like a banker or lawyer. 37-This work is very poor, John, and you should be (shy-ashamed-happy-pleased) of it. 38-Don't (say-tell-speak-advise) us the same story again! 39-Why don't you stop working and (give-do-make-have) a rest? 40-It isn't good to owe money. You should always repay your (presents-gifts-debts-benefits).

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Exercises on units

2 nd Part

 Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write it correctly: 1- Mental work is a type of work done by people using their hands. 2- The museum is open every day accept on Sundays. 3- He wrote continue as many as four collections of short stories a year. 4- He used to go canoe on the river on Sundays. 5- I have a collect of modern poetry.

Grammar  Choose the correct answer: 1- Many hundreds of years ago, people (had paid-were paying-used to pay-uses to pay) for goods using salt instead of money. 2- When I was younger I (didn't used to enjoy-didn't used to enjoy-wasn't enjoying-hadn't enjoyed) swimming, but now I really love it! 3- My brother (was spending-didn't used to swim-used to spend-uses to spend) all his free time playing computer games, but now he prefers to read books. 4- When I was young, we (use-used-uses-are using) to live in Luxor. 5- When I was young, I used to (went-go-gone-had gone) swimming every weekend. 6- When she was young, she (used-doesn't use-isn't used-didn't use) to like going to bed early. 7- In the past people (used-use-were using-don't use) to work long hours. 8- My father (is using-uses-used-used to) live in Alexandria when he was a boy. 9- Lisa used to wear glasses but now she (does-doesn't-isn't-didn't). 10-(Did you use-Did you used-Do you use-Do you used) to go to bed early when you were young? 11-He (doesn't use-no longer-any longer-any more) smokes. 12-My brother (is used to-no longer-used to-used) have a beard but now he only has a moustache. 13-He (is used to-was used-is used for-no longer) eating out as he doesn't enjoy cooking at home. 14-She (used to-no longer-any longer-is used to) writes to us. 15-She used to have long hair but now she (isn't-doesn’t-wasn't-couldn't).  Find the mistake in each of the following sentences and write it correctly: 1- Amin is used to drive a very old car. This summer he bought a new car. 2- When my sister got married she moved to Minya. Before that, she uses to live with us in Dokki. 3- When I first met you, you didn’t used to wear glasses, but now you do. 4- People used to work very long hours, but now they didn't. 5- I use to watch TV every day, but now I only watch it once or twice a week. 6- I used to walking to school, but now I go by bus. 7- I don't use to play computer games, but now I play them occasionally. 8- When I was in Alexandria, I am used to go swimming every day. 9- Where did you used to go for holiday when you were a child? 10-The cities are used to be smaller, but now they are much bigger. 11-People used to travelling by horse and cart, but now they travel by cars.  Choose the correct answer: 1- It has been (so-very-too-such) a long time since he last saw his brother. 2- He isn’t (tall enough-too tall-so tall-such tall) to touch the ceiling. 3- He is (such as-too-so-very) stupid to pass the exam. 4- This mobile phone is (too-enough-very-such) expensive for him to buy. 5- He was (so-such-very-too) a coward that he ran away from the battlefield. 6- These are (so-very-such a-such) tight shoes that I can't wear them. 7- It was (very-enough-too-so) dark for me to recognize him. 8- It was (so-such-too-enough) cold yesterday that we decided to stay at home. 9- The suit was cheap (so – such – too – enough) for him to buy. 10-It was (so – too – such - such a) rainy day that we stayed indoors.

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Exercises on units

2 nd Part

 Find the mistake in each of the following sentences and write it correctly: 1- The weather was too lovely that we spent the whole day in the open. 2- The mountain is so high for us to climb. 3- He was such late to catch the train. 4- He ran quickly enough that he could catch the train. 5- It was such a very difficult question that I failed to answer it. 6- The exam was so easy for us to answer all questions. (enough to) 7- He is so a fast swimmer that I think he could win the race. 8- He was so tired to do his homework. 9- The film is such interesting that it would be a pity to miss it. 10-He is weak enough to do any work.

Test 6 (Unit 8) A) Language Functions 1- Respond to each of the following situations: 1- You are interviewing an older person about their education. You want to know whether or not he or she was a good school student. What do you ask? 2- You want to know when this person began their first job. What do you ask? 3- You are interviewing one of your grandparents for a school project. You want to know what his or her life was like when he or she was young. What do you ask? 4- You want to know if this grandparent did anything when he or she was not working. 2- Say where each of the following two mini-dialogues take place and who the speakers are: 1- A: Please fasten your seat belt, sir. Place: B: OK. Can I have a drink, please? Speaker A: A: Sorry sir, you'll have to wait Speaker B: until we take off. 2- A: Why are you late? Place: B: The metro has broken down. Speaker A: A: But you are always late for the first lesson. Speaker B: B: I'm sorry sir. I'll not be late again. B) Vocabulary & Structure 3- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c, or d: 1- I'm afraid I can't …………… a holiday this year. a) buy b) pay c) afford d) earn 2- There are many ……………. pictures in the museum. Some are 1,000 years old. a) valuable b) cheap c) rich d) high 3- The two ………… fought against each other on land for many years in a terrible war. a) navies b) armies c) soldiers d) teams 4- I think that I did very well in the maths examination, …………. for Question 4, which I did not know the answer for. a) including b) except c) unless d) however 5- A …………… is a long, narrow boat which is used to ride down rivers. You can use it for fishing, or as part of an exciting sport. a) debt b) manual c) canoe d) raft

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Exercises on units

2 nd Part

6- My mother wants to give me and my brother a key to the house, so she will need to make two ………………. of her key. a) copies b) replacements c) extras d) additions 7- Our teacher was sick, so today we had a(n) ………………. teacher. a) second b) replaced c) replacement d) extra 8- If you put twenty pounds away in a safe place every week, after some years you will have quite a lot of ……………. . a) valuable b) savings c) earnings d) money 9- I'm not very good ………… remembering people's names. a) in b) at c) with d) on 10-In the past, many people ………….. to pay for things in cash. a) use b) uses c) using d) used 11-Before the invention of cars, people …………… to walk more. a) used b) use c) are used d) have used 12-……………….. bite your nails when you were a child? a) Did you used to b) Would you c) Had you d) Did you use to 13-I ……………… all my free time on Saturday tidying up my bedroom. a) was spending b) use to spend c) used to spend d) spent 14-Did your mother ………………. before she had children? a) use to work b) used to work c) had worked d) would work 15-Ehab ……………… all his homework before he went on holiday with his family. a) used to finish b) use to finish c) was finishing d) finished 16-I ……………… live in Egypt. When I was younger, my family lived in France. a) didn’t always used to b) didn’t always use to c) hadn’t always d) wasn’t always 4- Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write it correctly: 1- Diamond necklaces are cheap pieces of jewellery. 2- He gave her some of his safe to buy a new dress. 3- He enjoyed working such as a clerk in Cairo. 4- In the past, Egyptian children didn't used to learn English until they were 11 or 12 years old. 5- What did you used to do during your holidays when you were a child? 6- When I was a girl I use to want to be a nurse, but now I would like to be a lawyer. C) Reading Comprehension 5- Read the following passage, then answer the questions: Helen Keller was born in1880 in Alabama to. Helen was healthy until the age of nineteen months when she developed a brain fever. The fever left her unable to hear, see or speak. Her father, Captain Keller, was determined to find help for his child. He contacted Dr Alexander Graham Bell to assist him. Dr Bell found Michael Anagnos, the director of the Perkins Institution for the blind. Mr Anagnos sent one of his best students, Annie Sullivan to help with Helen. The students at the Perkins Institution made a doll for Annie Sullivan to give Helen. Ms. Sulllivan began using the doll to spell the word doll in Helen’s hand. Helen learned many words and soon wanted to learn to speak. Miss Sarah Fuller was her first speech teacher. Helen learned to use braille or raised print for reading and soon wanted to go on to college. Helen graduated from college with honors in 1904. Helen Keller spent the rest of her life trying to make it easier for disabled people to learn. She won many awards for her work for the blind. Helen Keller died in 1968. She will be remembered by the world as a champion of the blind and disabled people.

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Exercises on units

A) Give short answers to the following questions: 1- What caused Helen to become deaf, dumb and blind? 2- How did Helen Keller read? 3- Why was Helen Keller given many awards?

2 nd Part

B) Choose the correct answer: 4- The underlined word "child" refers to……………………. a) Helen b) Annie Sullivan c) Miss Sarah Fuller d) Alexander Graham Bell 5- Miss Sarah Fuller taught Helen Keller……………………………….. a) how to read b) how to speak c) how to see d) how to walk 6- Read the following passage, then answer the questions: Charles was a professor with a huge house and a fortune. Today he lives in a small caravan where there is only second hand furniture. There are no signs that he was a rich man. He gets his clothes and other things from charity shops. This change is not a tragedy. Charles was happy to give the lifestyle of a rich man. He was tired of being a person who had everything and many people have nothing. He made the choice to give all his money away. He says it has brought him happiness. “A few years ago,” says Charles, “I was a millionaire, but I knew there were a lot of hungry people in the world.” So, he gave away all his money to charities. When he had some left, he gave away small banknotes in the streets of local poor areas. Charles believes that many people want to earn a lot of money so that they will not have any worries. However, most people never make much money. He decided to drop out and has discovered that having only a little money makes you free. Are there any things he misses? “No, I’m much happier now. I wouldn’t go back to being rich for anything – no way.” A) Give short answers to the following questions: 1- Would you like to be a millionaire? Why? Why not? 2- Compare Charles’ life in the past to his life now. 3- What does the underlined word "it" refer to? B) Choose the correct answer: 4- According to the text, Charles has ----------------------------a) a family b) a huge house c) everything in the world d) only a little money Now Charles is very happy because----------------------------. a) he is a millionaire b) he has no money c) he misses nothing d) he lives in a small caravan D) The Novel E) Writing 100 words about 8- Write a paragraph about an object you like. It could be a mobile phone, a necklace, a watch or any other cheap or expensive object. F) Translation 10- A) Translate into Arabic: The high cost of living is one of our most difficult problems. To bring the prices down, both the government and the individuals should work together. Investment should be increased and consumption should be cut down. B) Translate into English: ‫ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻘﻚ أن ﺗﻌﺒﺮ ﻋﻦ رأﻳﻚ ﺑﺤﺮﻳﺔ و ﻟﻜﻦ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﺤﺘﺮم اﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ‬-١ .‫ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﺴﻌﺪ اﻟﻨﺎس ﺑﺤﯿﺎﺗﮫﻢ و أن ﻳﻜﻮﻧﻮا ﻓﺨﻮرﻳﻦ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻟﺪﻳﮫﻢ‬-٢

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Exercises on units

Unit 9: The Olympics

2 nd Part

Vocabulary  Choose the correct answer: 1- At the 2008 Olympic Games, Hesham Mesbah (beat-gained-earned-won) the bronze medal for judo. 2- Swimming and cycling are very good forms of (exercise-practice-food-work). 3- The swimmer hoped he would win the race, but he came third and won the (gold-silver-bronzesteel) medal. 4- (Judo-Cycling-Running-Boxing) is a Japanese sport which is a kind of fighting. 5- A (gold – bronze – silver – iron) medal is a medal for being third in an Olympic race. 6- (Judo-Cycling-Running-Swimming) is a sport in which two people try to throw each other onto the ground. 7- Countries can help their athletes to prepare (to-with-from-for) the Olympic Games. 8- The Olympic Games take (turns-place-part-care) every four years. 9- Sportsmen and sportswomen regard taking part in the Olympic games as the (highway-high jump-highlight-high land) of their careers. 10-Archaeologists (discovered-invented-explored-explained) the ancient Olympic stadium. 11-The first modern Olympics took (part-turns-care-place) in Greece in 1896. 12- I play tennis (regularly-always-rarely-seldom) – at least twice a week. 13-The Olympics were only for (professionals-players-amateurs-sponsors), no one was paid to take part. 14-In the 1985 Olympics, Zola Budd (smashed-destroyed-took-broke) the world record for the women's 5000 metres. 15-(Boxing-Swimming-Hockey-Chess) is a sport in which two men wearing gloves hit each other. 16-In 2008, the Olympic Games took (part-place-turns-care) in Beijing. 17-Last night our plane took (off-after-care-in) two hours late because of bad weather. 18-On school trips, the older children take (turns-care-after-off) of the younger ones. 19-In our English class, the students usually take (place-part-care-turns) to answer the teacher's questions. 20-I couldn't take (part-role-place-care) in the race because I had broken my leg. 21-In 1998, France (beat-won-earned-gained) the football World Cup. 22-I (play-do-make-go) karate on Tuesday nights. 23-I (make-play-do-go) swimming every week. 24-Swimming and boxing are (team-individual-pair-couple) sports. 25-He (plays-makes-does-goes) tennis very well. 26-Diving is (a pair-a couple-an individual-a team) sport. 27-Football and hockey are (single-team-individual-personal) sports. 28-(An amateur-A professional-An educator-A competitor) is a sports person who does not get paid. 29-Tom bought a new pair of trousers to (do-play-go-make) running. 30-Taking drugs is harmful (to-for-with-at) health. 31-(An amateur-An educator-A professional-A competitor) is a sports person who gets paid. 32-Eighty thousand people crowded into the (court-pitch-stadium-athlete) to watch the football match. 33-He (played-went-did-made) some water skiing yesterday. 34-The summer Olympic Games take place (each-every-with-all) four years. 35-Drugs were found in the athlete’s body after he had (fairly-unfairly-fair-unfair) won the race. 36-The Olympic Games are a (sports-sport-sport's-sports') festival which is held every four years. 37-International sports can (afford-admire-benefit-distribute) individuals and their countries.

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Exercises on units

2 nd Part

38-For all sports, you need to (train-practise-study-run) very hard for any competition. 39-Some sports are very popular, such as athletics and football, which many people watch in huge (grounds-stadiums-places-fields). 40-It is every sportsperson’s dream to reach Olympic level in their (work-job-profession-career). 41-For some lucky and talented athletes, they might expect to break a world (window-record-bookglass). 42-To stay fit and healthy, you should (race-exercise-work-keep fit) at least three times a week. 43-Omar’s mother did not allow him to take (judo-running-fighting-boxing) lessons because she believed that this was a very dangerous and violent sport. 44-I love acting, and this year I have been chosen to (take place-take part-play-run) in our school play. 45-It is every athlete’s dream to win a gold (medal-trophy-prize-first place) at the Olympic Games.  Find the mistake in each sentence and write it correctly: 1- Most people feel proud when athletics from their country do well in the Olympics. 2- My plane takes place at 10.30 tomorrow. 3- The sportspeople who take part in the Olympics Games can be either paid professionals or amateurs. 4- The high jump of my year was when I won the 100-metre running race! 5- The world cup takes part every four years. 6- The Olympic Games were a part of a religious feast at the stadium of Olympia in western Greece. 7- Amateur sports are played by people who are paid. 8- A silver medal is a medal for being first in an Olympic race. 9- Although he had an injury, he took place in the competition. 10-Sailing is fun, but I have never made it before.

Grammar  Choose the correct answer: 1- Rania (has been working-worked-had worked-is working) as a doctor for the last ten years. 2- Fareed (has been working-works-had worked-has worked) all night and he is very tired. 3- Dawud has been learning English (for-ago-when-since) he was 7 years old. 4- Ali has been travelling (for-ago-when-since) the last five days. 5- I have been doing my homework (for-ago-when-since) three hours. 6- What (have you doing-have you been doing-are you been doing-did you do)? You look so tired! 7- I (have been working-had worked-worked-were you working) on this English exercise for the last hour! 8- They have been doing the homework (for-ago-from-since) 6 o’clock. 9- She has been cleaning the house (for-ago-from-since) two hours now. 10-We (lived-have lived-have been living-were living) here for 6 years now and we don’t intend to move. 11-She (revised-has been revising-had revised-revises) for the test for three hours now. 12-He has been learning French (for-since-while-when) the age of six. 13-She (passes-is passing-has just been passing-has just passed) the driving test. 14-(Do-Did-Have-Had) you watched that film yet? 15-Where's Hala? I can't see her. – She (goes-has gone-has been-had been) to the shops.  Find the mistake in each sentence and write it correctly: 1- I've been drinking three cups of tea this morning. 2- They've playing squash all morning – that's why they look so tired. 3- I'm been studying English for nine years.

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Exercises on units

2 nd Part

4- My father has been travelling abroad six times in the last two months. 5- My brother has just been passing his university exams – that's why he looks so happy. 6- I am so hungry. I didn't eat yet! 7- He lives in London for 20 years now and he doesn't intend to move. 8- I'm sorry my clothes are dirty. I clean my garage. 9- I phone my uncle since 8 o'clock this morning. I wonder what the matter is. 10-I didn't see my cousin since the last school holiday. 11-I haven’t met to him since he travels to Cairo. 12-It’s the first time he is flying in a helicopter.

Test 9 (Unit 9) A) Language Functions 1- Respond to each of the following situations: 1- Someone suggests going to the shops this afternoon. You agree to go. What do you say? 2- A school friend suggests going to the beach tomorrow. You don't want to go to the beach, but would like to play chess. What do you say? 3- You would like to go on a family trip to Alexandria. Make this suggestion to your father. 4- You and your brother or sister are discussing what to buy your mother for her birthday. You think a necklace would be a good present. Suggest this idea to your brother or sister. 2- Say where each of the following two mini-dialogues take place and who the speakers are: 3- A: May I have your order, sir? Place: B: Yes, I'll have fish, please. Speaker A: A: How would you like it, sir? Speaker B: B: Fried, please. A: Certainly, sir. Any vegetables? 4- A: Helwan, please. Place: B: Certainly, sir But it will take a long time Speaker A: because the roads are crowded. Speaker B: A: Yes, I understand. B: (after an hour) Here we are, sir. That will be twenty pounds. A: Thank you. Here you are. B) Vocabulary & Structure 3- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c, or d: 1- Squash is ………………… sport a) a team b) a single c) an individual d) a personal 2- I'd love to take …………… in the Olympic Games but I'll never be good enough. a) place b) care c) turn d) part 3- The ……………… of the year for my family was my sister's birthday. a) highlight b) height c) benefit d) worst 4- John doesn't get paid for playing football. He's ………………… . a) a professional b) a player c) an amateur d) a career 5- If you want to keep fit, go running. It's a very good form of ………………. . a) exercise b) practice c) food d) work 6- …………………. is a sport for which you need to have a lot of equipment such as long ropes, and you should not be afraid of being in high places. a) Rising b) Fighting c) Boxing d) Climbing 7- Some people say that …………….. is not a sport. But I believe it is, and that it is excellent exercise for the brain!

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Exercises on units

2 nd Part

a) water-skiing b) chess c) netball d) athletics 8- Many cities have different ……………… for different times of the year, which the people celebrate with food, drink, entertainment and different traditions. a. festivals b) festivities c) games d) sports 9- I …………………… my brother's car all morning – and he says it's still dirty. a) have cleaned b) am cleaning c) have been cleaning d) clean 10-So far today, I ……… e-mails to six of my friends to tell them the good news. a) have written b) am writing c) have been writing d) wrote 11-Samir ………………. hockey since he was eight years old and now he is in the under-15 national team. a) played b) has played c) has been playing d) was playing 12-I ……………………… all my homework and now I am ready to go out! a) have been finished b) finished c) have been finishing d) have finished 13-Sara ……………….. to call Rania all afternoon, but each time she calls the number is busy. a) has been trying b) has tried c) tried d) is trying 14-What ………………… your mother for her birthday tomorrow? a) have you been buying b) have you bought c) you bought d) had you bought 15-I ………………….. the Olympic Games every four years for my whole life. a) was watching b) have been watching c) have watched d) watched 16-I ………………….. the Olympic Games all evening and now I’m going to bed. a) was watching b) have been watching c) have watched d) watched 4- Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write it correctly: 1- People who come third in the race win a gold medal. 2- A professional is someone who does something because they enjoy it. 3- I couldn't take place in the race because of my broken leg. 4- How long are you been learning English? 5- I have gone to netball lessons for four months now and I am really enjoying them. 6- I think that since you started to play netball, you have improving a lot. C) Reading Comprehension 5- Read the following passage, then answer the questions: Sport is an important part of today’s society and plays a large role in people’s lives. From a social standpoint, sport plays a positive role in uniting people from different social backgrounds in support of their favourite team. However, just as sport unites people so it can divide them, as is often demonstrated by crowd violence at football matches. Sport is also an important part of every child’s schooling, as it plays a big role in their physical and mental development. “It” teaches children how to work as part of a team and cooperate with others, while at the same time improving their physical condition. The only drawback to this is that children who are less able to perform well in sports are likely to feel inadequate in comparison with their more gifted classmates, which may affect their selfconfidence. From an economic point of view, sport can be very profitable as it attracts a lot of advertising. On one hand, this creates profit for the sporting industry which allows for improvement and expansion, on the other hand, large sums of money are often paid to event organizers to promote products such as cigarettes, which are harmful to one’s health. A) Give short answers to the following questions: 1- According to the passage, sport has two social effects on people, what are they? 2- How does sport play an important part in education? 3- What does the underlined word ‘it’ in the third paragraph refer to?

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Exercises on units

2 nd Part

B) Choose the correct answer from a, b, c, or d: 4- One drawback of sport at football matches is that…… a) it creates profit for the sporting industry b) it often leads to violent actions c) it improves the physical condition d) it develops the mental condition 5- ……….shouldn’t be performed in sport events. a) industrial products b) sporting products c) unhealthy products d) healthy products 6- Read the following passage, then answer the questions: Waleed's class have been learning about the environment in their science lessons. They have been studying the effects of pollution from vehicles and they have been reading about how poisons from factories can pollute rivers and the sea. They all agree that everyone should do more to help the environment. Their teacher, Mr Helmi, asked them to think of the things that they could do. The students made lots of suggestions Radwan said that people should walk more and use their cars less. This would keep the cities cleaner and people would be healthier. Khaled said they should build car parks outside the city centre, where people could leave their cars. They could then walk the rest of the way into the city. Waleed suggested having a bottle bin in the school, where students could put their empty plastic bottles. These could be collected and used again or made into something different. Leila suggested a bin for drink cans. Mr Helmi thought these were very good ideas, and said he would pass them on to the head teacher. A) Find short answers to the following questions: 1- Where have the students been learning about the environment? 2- How would it help if people walked more and used their cars less? 3- Who or what does the underlined word "These" refer to?? B) Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d: 4- Why are Waleed and his friends interested in the environment? a) They have been studying it at school. b) They think their town is very polluted. c) They always go to school by car or bus. d) There aren't enough litter bins in their school. 5- What was Khaled's suggestion? a) People should use their cars less. b) There should be bins for bottles. c) People should park in the city centre. d) There should be car parks outside the city. D) The Novel E) Writing 3- Write a paragraph about 100 words about your favourite sport and why you like it. F) Translation 4- A) Translate into Arabic: The Olympic Games first started in Ancient Greece, where they were part of some religious celebration. Since then, they have become international sports festivals which are held in a different city every four years. In these games, the winning competitors get gold, silver or bronze medals. B) Translate into English: .‫ ﺗﻠﻌﺐ اﻻﻟﻌﺎب اﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﯿﺔ دورا ھﺎﻣﺎ ﻓﻰ ﺑﻨﺎء اﻟﺠﺴﻢ و اﻟﺸﺨﺼﯿﺔ‬-١ .‫ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﺔ ﻳﺠﺪ اﻟﺸﺒﺎب ﻣﺨﺮﺟﺎ ﻟﻄﺎﻗﺘﮫﻢ‬-٢

135

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136

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Gulliver's Travels

3 rd Part

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Gulliver's Travels

3 rd Part

Chapter1 A voyage to Lilliput Vocabulary begin large farm middle Cambridge apprentice surgeon want to free time sail explore the world studies get Swallow eastern got married stay in wife find work earn money teach several change ground ropes tied neck human carry bow arrow guards

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                                

 Antelope  hit  violent  far away  route  lost  crew  rock  terrible  crash  suddenly  sink / sank  confident  wood  guess  lift  platform  wear  important  servant  stomach  bowed to  king  pockets  wooden communicate   signs  hands  set free  refused stand around   pointed  hundreds

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

  climb into pull   lifeboat horse   sailors a pole   knife sword   escape sneeze   row compared to   distance gates   calm empty  intonations  vehicle   wave machine   rough sea capital   dead immediately   wind journey   direction sleepy   feet handsome   beach metal    exhausted chains   soft floor   grass later   lay down Lilliput   rise poured   fasten medicine   voice cuts   move away opposite   tiny tower   either top   mouth not allowed   hungry trust   thirsty strange   basket design   containers seem   ladders wheels   shoulder worry

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Gulliver's Travels

Text

3 rd Part

Before I begin my story, I would like to tell you a little about my early life. I was born on a large farm in the middle of England, the third of five sons, and my father called me Lemuel Gulliver. After I finished school, I studied in Cambridge for three years and then became an apprentice to a surgeon in London. The surgeon, Mr Bates, was a very good one, and I worked with him for four years. However, I always. wanted to travel, so in my free time I learned how to sail so that one day I could leave England and explore the world.

      Mr Bates knew all about my desire to travel, so when I had finished my studies, he helped me to get work as a surgeon on a ship called The Swallow. For three and a half years, I worked for Captain Abraham Pannel on his ship as it travelled round the eastern seas.     Once back in England, I met a kind woman called Mary Burton and we soon got married. I decided to stay in London with my new wife for a few years, but although Mr Bates did all he could to help me, work was not easy to find. A year later, Mr Bates sadly died and I knew that my life would only become more difficult; we had only just enough money to live on.      "There's little work for a surgeon in London, but my friends tell me I should be able to fmd work on a ship," I said to Mary one day. She thought long and hard before saying, "I don't want you to go,but if that's the only way we can earn enough to live well, then so be it."      My friends were right, because I quickly found another job as a ship's surgeon, and for six years I travelled around the world. I earned good money, and as a surgeon is not always needed on a ship, I also had plenty of time to myself. I did not waste this time but used it well: I read books and taught myself to speak several languages.    

138

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

Gulliver's Travels

3 rd Part

My life changed after I got a new job on a ship called the Antelope. We left England in May and we had been at sea for about two months when the Antelope was hit by a violent storm. The ship was soon blown far away from our chosen route and we did not know where we were. The sea was so violent that we lost some of our crew before the ship was suddenly blown onto a rock. There was a terrible crash and I could see that the ship was in great danger.      "We're going to sink!" shouted the captain. "Get into the lifeboats!"   Quickly climbing into a lifeboat with five other sailors, I was able to escape, but not everyone was so lucky: we watched in horror as The Antelope sank behind us. But although we rowed for some distance, the sea did not become calmer. A huge wave hit us and we were all thrown into the water.    The sea was rough and it was very hard to swim in my heavy clothes, but at least the water was not too cold. I looked around me and realised that I was alone. I did not know what had happened to the other sailors. Perhaps they were all dead. The wind and the waves decided the direction I went in, and I soon felt I had lost all the strength in my arms. Just when I thought I could not swim any more, my feet touched something hard. I had reached land. When I finally walked up the beach, I was cold, wet and exhausted. I looked around me, but there were no houses or people that I could see, so I found some soft grass, lay down and fell into a long sleep.        When I woke up, it was early morning and the sun was just beginning to rise. I tried to stand up, but I found that this was impossible. I realised that my arms, my legs and my hair were all somehow fastened to the ground. Thin ropes were tied around my body and neck, and I found I could only look up at the clear sky above me.    

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MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

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Prof In English

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Gulliver's Travels

3 rd Part

I heard some noises and then felt something climb onto my left leg. It moved up my body until it was close to my head. Only then could I see what it was.    It was a human, but this human was only about fifteen centimetres tall. He was carrying a bow and arrow. I then realised there were about forty other men of the same size all around me. They all looked the same, each one carrying a tiny bow and arrow.     "Who are you and what are you doing to me?" I cried. On hearing my voice, the little men looked worried and jumped away from me, so I tried to stand up again. Some of the ropes broke and now I could move my left arm.    The little men shouted something in a strange language and I felt hundreds of arrows hit me. Most of the arrows hit my thick clothes and I felt nothing, but some of them stuck in my left hand. The arrows were tiny, but there were so many of them that it hurt.    "Will you please stop that?" I shouted, but when they continued to shoot the arrows, I lay quietly on the ground and decided not to move or say anything. If I waited until night time, I thought I could use my left hand to untie the other ropes and escape when it was dark.   Perhaps because they could see that I was not trying to escape, the little men became quiet. Later, they grew more confident and after about an hour, I could hear wood being cut next to me. I guessed that they were building something. Then the ropes around my head were cut free and I could finally lift my head. I saw a man standing on a wooden platform that had been built to the side of my head. The man was wearing important-looking clothes, and a servant stood on each side of him. He looked at me and started to give a talk, but I could not understand anything he said. I guessed from his expressions and intonation that he spoke with a mixture of threats and promises.      

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MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

Gulliver's Travels

3 rd Part

When the man finished talking, I tried to talk to him in English. "Sir, my name is Lemuel Gulliver and my ship has been lost in a storm. That's why I'm here. You don't need to tie me up, I won't hurt anyone. Perhaps you could give me some food and a drink."     I could see from his expression that he did not understand me either. So I pointed to my mouth to show him that I was hungry and thirsty.   The man said something to his servants. I watched as some of the little men went off, returning shortly with many baskets of food and little containers of water. They put ladders against my shoulder and carried the baskets and containers up to my mouth. They could not believe how much I drank and ate, but they seemed pleased, I think the little people realised that they could trust me and, with food in my stomach, I felt I could trust them, too.      "Thank you," I said when I had fmished eating. The little men smiled at me and nodded their heads.  Another man arrived and it was clear that this was an important person. The other men bowed to him and from his clothes I understood that this was the King of their country, which I later found was called Lilliput. He, too, spoke to me from the wooden platform and I waited patiently until he finished speaking.    "I'm pleased to meet you, sir, but please, can you set me free?" I asked him. I now knew we could not speak the same language, but we managed to communicate with each other using signs with our hands. So I understood that he refused my request to be free, and that he said that I did not need to worry. He pointed and said something about moving me somewhere.     Hundreds of tiny people were now standing around me. Slowly they picked me up and put me on a strange machine that had many wheels. Later I found out that the people of this land were great engineers and had designed this machine to carry heavy trees. It was pulled by a team of tiny black and white horses, each horse about eleven centimetres tall. I realised that they wanted to take me to the

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MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

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Prof In English

Gulliver's Travels

3 rd Part

capital city. Before we left, some of the men poured some medicine on the cuts where the arrows had hit my hand. The cuts immediately felt much better.       The city was perhaps a kilometre away, but it took all that night for the machine to carry me there. Because they had put some medicine in my food that made me sleepy, I slept for most of the journey, only waking up briefly when one of the soldiers decided to put a pole up my nose to see what would happen. He quickly ran away when I woke up and sneezed.     The next morning, I awoke to find that the machine had carried me to an area close to the city gates. The horses stopped outside a building which I later found out was was an ancient temple, the largest building in the land. No one used the empty building now, so the King decided that I should stay there. The building had a small garden around it which you could enter through two gates, each one a little more than a metre high. The King did not want me to escape, so he asked some men to fasten my legs to the gates using metal chains.      Opposite my new home there was a tower which was approximately two metres high. The King went to the top of this tower with his men so they could watch me, like you watch an animal in a zoo, although I could not see them.    During the next few days, hundreds of people from the city came out of the gates to see me lying on the strange machine next to my new home. At first, they used ladders to try to climb up on my body, but the King said this was not allowed.    When the soldiers realised I could not escape with my legs chained to the gates, they cut the ropes that fastened me to the machine. Now I could stand up, although the chains on my legs stopped me from going very far. However I could walk a little way around the empty building, and at night I could lie down to sleep on the hard floor of my new home.

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MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

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Prof In English

Gulliver's Travels

3 rd Part

    The next morning, I got up and looked at the land around the city. It was a pretty scene which reminded me of a painting in a children's book. There were lots of little fields and woods, the fields the size of small gardens and the trees only a little more than two metres tall. I watched as some men arrived with littlevehicles which they pushed towards me on wooden wheels. Each vehicle carried food and drink, and the men left the vehicles at the point I could walk to before the chains stopped me. I emptied twenty of these vehicles for my breakfast. I did not know what the food was, but it tasted nice.       As I was eating, I realised the King was watching me with his servants and some of his family. He was about 28 years old, and tall compared to the other people, with strong arms and a handsome face. His clothes were the same as a king would wear in a European country, although he held up a sword to protect himself. It was perhaps seven centimetres long. He spoke to me again in a very high voice.     ''I'm sorry, Your Majesty," I replied, "but I cannot understand what you're saying to me." I tried to answer in all the languages I knew: French, Spanish, Chinese and Arabic, but he understood nothing.    After the King left, people from the city began to arrive to look at me again. Some of the braver people tried to climb on my body, but the guards stopped them.    One morning, I was sitting down by the door of my new house watching the little people who had come to see me; Six of them approached me with bows and arrows.They started shooting arrows at me and one arrow nearly hit my eye.    "That's not funny!" I shouted at them. "Stop it at once!"  Seeing that I was angry, the guards quickly arrested the six people who had done this. They tied their hands together and pushed them towards me, perhaps thinking that I could punish them. They all looked very worried.

143

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

Gulliver's Travels

3 rd Part

   "So, why are you shooting at me?'' I asked as I picked them up one at a time.   "You five can wait here, in my pocket," I said, holding the sixth man in my hand. I looked at him with interest.   Laughing, I said to him, "You're so small and so very weak." I picked up a knife and moved it towards the little man's hands.  "You think I'm going to eat you, don't you?" I said. The little man and even the guards looked horrified.               

144

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

Gulliver's Travels

ď&#x2C6; ď&#x2C6; Exercises

3 rd Part

A)Answer the following questions: 1 - Where was Gulliver born? He was born on a large farm in the Middle of England. 2 - Who called him " Lemuel Gulliver" ? His father. 3 - For whom did he work as a prentice? For the surgeon Mr. Bates. 4 - What did Gulliver do in his free time? He learned how to sail. 5 - How long did he work on the ship " The Swallow" ? For three and a half years. 6 - Who was Mary Burton? And where did they stay? She was Gulliver's wife. (in London) 7 - Why did he have to take another job? Because there was no work in London. 8 - How long did he travel around the world? For six years. 9 - What did he earn during this period? He earned good money and learned to speak several languages. 10 - What happened in 1699? His life changed as he got a new job on a ship called '' The Antelope''. 11 - What happened to " The Antelope " after two months? It was hit by a violent storm. 12 - Why did they lose some of the crew? Because the sea was so violent. 13 - How did Gulliver save himself? He climbed onto a lifeboat with five sailors. 14 - What happened to the lifeboat when the wave hit it? Gulliver and the sailors were thrown into the sea. 15 - What happened to the five sailors? They were all dead. 16 - How was Gulliver when he reached the beach? He was cold, wet and exhausted. 17 - Why couldn't he stand up after sleeping? Because his arms, legs and hair were fastened to the ground. 18 - What moved up his body to his head? It was a human who was 15 cm tall. 19 - What was the human carrying? He was carrying a bow and an arrow. 20 - What happened to the little men when they heard Gulliver's voice? They moved away from him. 21 - Why did the men become quiet? Because they saw that Gulliver was not trying to escape. 22 - Why did the men cut wood? To build a platform for the important-looking man. 23 - How did he talk with the man?

145

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

Gulliver's Travels

3 rd Part

He spoke in English. 24 - What did Gulliver tell the man? He told him that his name was Gulliver and His ship was lost so he swam to the beach. 25 - How did Gulliver express that he was hungry and thirsty? By pointing to his mouth. 26 - How did they feed him? They brought baskets of food and containers of water and used ladders to reach his mouth. 27 - How did Gulliver realize that the man was the king? From his clothes. 28 - How did he communicate with the king? By using signs with hands. 29 - What did Gulliver ask the king to do? To set him free, but the king refused. 30- Why did the man who put the pole up to Gulliver’s nose run away? Because Gulliver woke up and sneezed. 31- How did the King make sure Gulliver couldn’t escape? Some men fastened his legs to the gates using metal chains. 32- How did the people try to see Gulliver? They used ladders to try to climb up on his body. 33- How much food did Gulliver have for his breakfast? He emptied twenty vehicles of food. 34- What was the king of Lilliput like? He was about 28 years old, and tall compared to the other people, with strong arms and a handsome face. 35- Why did the guards arrest six people and push them towards Gulliver? Because they decided to shoot arrows at him, and one arrow nearly hit his eye. Perhaps thinking that he could punish them. 36- How was the little man when Gulliver moved the knife towards him? Why? The little man looked horrified. He thought Gulliver was going to eat him. 37 - Why did the king go to the tower? To watch Gulliver. 38 - How old was the king? He was about 28 years old. 39 - Why did the soldiers arrest 6 of the men? Because they shot arrows at Gulliver. 40 - What did Gulliver put in his pockets? He put 5 of the men and held the other one in his hand. B)Read the following quotation, then answer the questions: 1 – " Before I begin my story , I would like to tell you about my early life." 1 – Who said these words? Gulliver. 2 – Where was he born? He was born on a farm in the middle of England. 3 – Who gave him his name? His father called him Lemeul Gulliver. 2 – " Mr Bates knew all about my desires." 1 – Who was the speaker? Gulliver.

146

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

Gulliver's Travels

3 rd Part

2 – Who was Mr Bates? He was the surgeon that Gulliver worked with as an apprentice. 3 – What were Gulliver's desires? He wanted to travel, leave England and explore the world. 3 – " There is little work for a surgeon in London." 1 – Who said this and to whom? Gulliver to his wife Mary. 2 – What did his friends tell him? They told him that he should be able to find work on a ship. 3 – What did his wife say about that? She said that she didn't want him to go unless that was the only way to earn enough. 4 – " We are going to sink, Get into the lifeboats." 1 – Who said these words? The captain of the ship" the Antelope" 2 – To whom was he speaking? To the sailors including Gulliver. 3 – What happened to The Antelpoe? It sank and the sailors drowned. 5 – " Who are you and what are you doing to me?" 1 – Who said thses words and to whom? Gulliver to the little man. 2 – What happened to the men when they heard his voice? They looked worried and ran away. 3 – Why couldn't Gulliver move? Because he was tied to the ground. 6 – " Will you please stop that?" 1 – Who said these words? Gulliver 2 – To whom was he speaking? He was talking to the little men (soldiers) 3 – What did he mean by "that"? Shooting him with arrows. 7 – " Sir my name is Lemuel Gulliver." 1 – To whom was Gulliver speaking? He was speaking to the important man. 2 – What did Gulliver tell that man? He was shipwrecked so he came here. 3 – What did Gulliver want the man to give him? He wanted him to give him some food and a drink. 8 – "I am pleased to meet you, sir." 1 – Who said these words? Gulliver 2 – To whom was he speaking? He was speaking to the king. 3 – What did Gulliver ask from the king? He asked him to set him free. 9 – " I am sorry, you're Majesty." 1 – Who said these words? Gulliver.

147

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

Gulliver's Travels

3 rd Part

2 – To whom was he talking? To the king. 3 – What was Gulliver sorry for? He said he was sorry because he couldn't understand him. 10 – " That is not funny, stop it at once." 1 – Who said these words and to whom? Gulliver to the six men. 2 – What were they doing? They were shooting him with arrows. 3 – What happened to the six men? The guards arrested them , tied them and pushed them towards Gulliver. 11 – "SO, why are you shooting at me." 1 – Who said these words?Gulliver. 2 – To whom was he speaking?To the six men. 3 – How were they looking?They looked worried. 12 – " You are so small and so very weak." 1 – Who said this quotation?Gulliver. 2 - To whom was he speaking ?To the sixth man. 3 – What did Gulliver pick up? He picked up a knife and moved it towards the man. 13 – " You think I am going to eat you." 1 – Who said this?Gulliver. 2 – To Whom was he speaking?To The man in his hand. (sixth man) 3 – What did Gulliver do with the knife? 14-"Who are you? Can you tell me where I am? What do you want?" 1. Who said this to whom? Gulliver to the soldiers. 2. What do the addressed want from the speaker? They tied him to the ground as they were frightened of his massiveness. 3. Where was the speaker? He was in Lilliput. 15-"My name is Lemuel Gulliver and I come from England. My ship was lost in a storm and I swam to this beach." 1. Who said this to whom? Gulliver to an important official/one of the king’s advisers. 2. Did the addressed person understand the speaker? Why? No, he didn’t because he didn’t speak English. 3. How did they communicate? 16-“Who are you? Can you tell me where I am? What do you want?” 1. Who said this to whom?Gulliver to the soldiers. 2. What happened just before he said this? Gulliver heard some noises and then felt something climb onto his left leg. It moved up his body until it was close to his head. 3. What happened after he said this? On hearing him the men moved away. Gulliver tried to stand up but the arrows hit his lefthand. The arrows were tiny but hurt. Gulliver decided not to move.

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Gulliver's Travels

3 rd Part

c. Find the mistake in each of the following sentences and correct it : 1-Gulliver was born in a large farm in the middle of America. Gulliver was born in a large farm in the middle of England. 2-Gulliver studied in Oxford for three years. Gulliver studied in Cambridg for three years. 3-Gulliver became an apprentice to a physician in London. Gulliver became an apprentice to a surgean in London. 4-In his free time, Gulliver learned how to drive. In his free time, Gulliver learned how to sail. 5-When Gulliver had finished his studies, his father helped him to get work as a surgeon on a ship. When Gulliver had finished his studies, Mr Bates helped him to get work as a surgeon on a ship. 6-Gulliver worked on the ship The Swallow for two years. Gulliver worked on the ship The Swallow forthree and a half years. 7-Gulliver married Mary Burton after working on The Antelope . Gulliver married Mary Burton after working on The Swallow. 8-Gulliver earned good money and in his free time he read books and taught himself to cook. Gulliver earned good money and in his free time he read books and taught himself to speak several languages. 9-Gulliver's life changed in 1699 after he got anew job on a ship called the Atlantic. Gulliver's life changed in 1699 after he got anew job on a ship called the Antelope. 10-Before the ship sank, Gulliver climbed into a lifeguard. Before the ship sank, Gulliver climbed into a lifeboat. 11-Gulliver pointed to his mouth to show that he was ill. Gulliver pointed to his mouth to show that he was hungry. 12-Gulliver thought that the five sailors might have been alive. Gulliver thought that the five sailors might have been dead. 13-On reaching the beach, Gulliver was cold, wet and relaxed. On reaching the beach, Gulliver was cold, wet and exhausted. 14-When he woke up, Gulliver found it possible to stand up. When he woke up, Gulliver found it impossible to stand up. 15-Gulliver saw a fifteen-metre tall human. Gulliver saw a fifteen-centimetre tall human. 16-On hearing Gulliver's voice, the little" men stayed still. On hearing Gulliver's voice, the little" men moved away. 17-Gulliver saw men carrying huge arrows. Gulliver saw men carrying tiny arrows. 18-When the men saw that Gulliver was not trying to escape, they became angrye. When the men saw that Gulliver was not trying to escape, they became quit. 19-They put stairs against Gulliver's shoulder to feed him. They put ladders against Gulliver's shoulder to feed him. 20-The King spoke to Gulliver from the wooden ladder they had built. The King spoke to Gulliver from the wooden platform they had built.

149

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Gulliver's Travels

3 rd Part

Chapter2 Vocabulary fright surprise shout loudly kindness hurt situation workmen fit together comfortable villages empty law licence pay for discover advisors afford supply feed look after tents close to employ patient allow search weapons danger protect added soldiers note down list comb

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                                  

without bullets nervous puzzled continuous palace experts examine no longer successful events athletes colored ribbon army clapped promises fight for Blefuscu unlock prove right Mildendo damage warn indoors step coat roofs square stool furniture glasses fire wallet

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

                                  

enemies island war rebellions take part in likely defend inform finger traditional way break grandfather popular queen wave smile official argument political heel traditional modern prince powerful attack secret sword guns shocked size bravely seem pair of handkerchief

                                  

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Gulliver's Travels

Text

3 rd Part

I held the little man who had shot arrows at me and felt his five friends moving in my pocket. I took the knife and moved it towards the man in my hand. He looked very frightened. But his fright turned to surprise when I used the knife to cut the ropes that had tied his hands together.                    "Off you go," I said to him as I put him down on the ground. "Your King wants to keep me tied up, but I don't mind if you're free."   Then I took his friends from my pocket and put them down next to the first man.    "You can all go, too," I told them, and I laughed when they all quickly ran away, shouting loudly.  I later found out that the guards had told the King about my kindness to the people who had tried to hurt me, and I think this helped my situation. The King decided to make me a bed. He asked workmen to fit together 600 of their beds to make one which I could sleep on, and my nights became more comfortable.        During the next few weeks, people came from all over the land to see me. The King became worried because some of the villages were now so empty that there were not enough people to work in the fields. So he made a new law saying that no one could see me without a licence, which people had to pay for.      I later discovered that the King had other worries about me. He had many meetings with his advisers to ask them what would happen if I escaped. The advisers were also worried because I needed so much food and drink and they were not sure if they could afford to keep me. As a result, it was decided that all the people living near the city should supply sixty cows, forty sheep, bread and fruit every morning to help feed me. The King said that another six hundred people would be paid to look after me and that they could live in tents close to my home. Another three hundred people would be employed to make my clothes, and six of the King's best advisers would become my teachers, helping me to learn their language.

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MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

Gulliver's Travels

3 rd Part

                              I have always been good with languages, and within about three weeks, I had already begun to speak their language quite well. The King often visited me and was pleased to talk to me and to help me learn more.     When I realised that the King could understand me, I was very pleased to talk to him and tell him my thoughts.  "Your Highness, you know that I won't hurt your people, so please, can you set me free?" I asked him one day outside my home.   "I can see that you're not a violent man, but this will take time and you need to be patient," he explained. "First of all, you must allow two of my soldiers to search your clothes for any weapons that could be a danger to us."     ''I'm happy to be searched," I told him.  "Good," continued the King. "Whatever we find in your pockets, we'll keep, but I promise we'll return your things to you when you leave our country, or we'll pay for whatever we do not return."    "Very well," I said.  The King then called over two of his soldiers and asked them to search me. I picked them up and put them first in my coat pockets and then in my other pockets. The soldiers noted down everything they saw: a handkerchief, a letter to my wife, a comb, a watch, a wallet, two guns and my sword. These were ordinary things that any traveller would carry, but to these little men they seemed amazing.                           They showed the list to the King. He seemed pleased, although he did not realise that the soldiers had not found a pair of glasses and some other things that I had kept in a secret pocket.   

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MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

Gulliver's Travels

3 rd Part

When the King read that I had a sword and some guns, he asked me to show them to him. However, as soon as I picked up my sword, the King's men were shocked by its size and cried out in surprise.     "Your sword looks extremely dangerous," said the King bravely. "Please put it down on the ground." This I did, before I showed him my two guns.   "What are these strange things?" he asked.  "I'll show you, but please, don't be worried," I said. "They'll make a very loud noise."   I fired both guns into the air. The noise made his soldiers fall onto the ground in fear, and even the brave King looked very nervous. I then put the guns on the ground next to my sword. "Here are my guns, but please be very careful with them."    "Be very careful with them," I told the King. Finally I showed him my watch, which puzzled the King greatly.  "What's this strange machine for," he asked, "and why does it make that continuous noise?"  I tried to explain that it was used to measure time. The King asked his soldiers to take these things back to his palace where his experts could examine them.                        The King's people now understood that I was not a dangerous person and those who came to see me were no longer afraid of me. Sometimes I lay down and let five or six people climb up to dance in my hand. Children played games around me too.    I began to hope that soon I would be set free and did everything I could to please the King. This seemed to be successful, as the King soon invited me to some important events. First, I was invited to watch some of the country's best athletes. Two men held the ends of a long pole and the athletes took turns to jump over the pole. After each successful jump, the pole was raised higher and higher. The person who jumped the highest was given a blue coloured ribbon by the King, the person who was second got a red ribbon, and the person who was third got a green ribbon. The winners were very proud of these ribbons and I sometimes saw the athletes wearing them pinned to their ordinary clothes as they walked around the city.

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MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

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Prof In English

Gulliver's Travels

3 rd Part

                                         When I stood up, the King said my legs were taller than the highest gate in the city. So on another day, he ordered three thousand of his soldiers to ride their horses in a line between my legs while I stood without moving, to show me how big his army was. Then the King wanted his soldiers to show me what expert riders they were, too. He asked me to hold out my arm a few centimetres from the ground, and the soldiers took it in turns to jump over it. The people watching loved this and everyone clapped.                              I had now asked the King almost every day if I could be unchained. However, the King had one adviser called Skyresh Bolgolam who neither liked nor trusted me and he did all he could to stop me from being free. When the King's other advisers suggested that my freedom was possible, Skyresh Bolgolam only agreed if I made a number of promises. These promises he read out to me in an important voice: "You must promise not to enter the city unless you are asked, and if you do enter, we must warn the people that you are coming for their own safety. You must promise not to step on any of the people of Lilliput or pick them up without their permission. You must walk along roads and not lie down in any fields in case you damage our crops. You must agree not to leave the country without a licence. Finally, you must promise to fight for the King if there is ever a war with Blefuscu, the country next to ours."                               I agreed to all of this happily and the chains around my legs were finally unlocked. I was free at last.  When I next saw the King, I bowed down to him.  "Your Highness, I want to thank you for removing my chains," I said.

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MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

Gulliver's Travels

3 rd Part

  "You're welcome," replied the King. "I'm sure you'll be a useful servant to me and prove that I've been right to help feed you and give you clothes."    "I promise I'll do my best to please you," I said, "but perhaps you can also do something for me. Can I visit your great capital city, Mildendo?"                      "Yes, I can allow this," said the King, "but you must be very careful not to damage any of the buildings or hurt any of the people."   After I had agreed to his demands, the King asked his men to put up a notice warning the people about my visit and told them all to stay indoors.   I stepped over the western gate into the city and walked slowly down the main city street. I needed to be careful that my coat did not damage the roofs of the small houses, which all had four or five floors. It was a busy, crowded city with many shops and little markets and in the centre of the city stood one of its largest buildings, the King's palace. I stepped over the wall around the palace into a big open square to look at the beautiful building, which stood almost two metres high. The King wanted me to see inside, but I could not climb over the palace walls into a central square without damaging them, and the windows in this part of the palace were too small to see inside.                           So I visited the King's park, which was nearby, and cut down some of the largest trees I could find. I used a knife to make the trees into two wooden stools. These I carried back to the palace. I stood on one of them and passed the other over the roof of the palace. I was now able to step over the palace without damaging any walls, and I was now inside the small central square. Now I could lie down and look inside the larger windows of the palace and see the King's rooms. I was very pleased to see the beautiful furniture and the King's servants at work. The Queen was also there and she waved at me with a smile.       

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MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

Gulliver's Travels

3 rd Part

About two weeks after I had explored the capital city, I was visited by Reldresal, an important official who worked for the King.   I have something important to tell you," he said.  "Very well," I answered. "Would you like me to lie down so you can speak to me more easily?"  "Perhaps it would be easier if I stood in your hand instead?" he suggested. So I picked him up and he began to tell me the latest news.   "We are all pleased that you are now free, but you must understand that this is only because of the difficult situation in Lilli put," he said. "You see, there are two problems in our country at this time. The first problem is inside the country. There has been a great argument between the two main political groups. One group, the Tramecksan, believe that people should wear high heels on their shoes because this is the country's tradition. The other group, the Slamecksan, believe that you should wear low heels because this is more modern. The King wants to wear low heels and has told all his men to do the same, although his son the Prince likes to wear high heels."                     "So what has happened?" I asked.  "Well, now the two political groups refuse to talk to each other," he said. "There are more people in the Tramecksan group, but the King's group, the Slamecksan, is more powerful."    "I see," I said.  "The other problem's outside the country," Reldresal continued. "The King's worried that Lilliput will be attacked by our enemies from Blefuscu. This island's nearly as large and as powerful as Lilliput, and the countries have been fighting each other for many years."    He then explained how the war had begun. "The traditional way to break an egg before you eat it in Lilliput is to break it at the larger end. However, the King's grandfather, when he was a boy, cut his finger when opening an egg in this way. So he introduced a law that said that everyone should break their eggs at the smaller end. People who opened an egg at the larger end would be punished."

156

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

Gulliver's Travels

3 rd Part

     "Of course," I said, thinking to myself that this sounded ridiculous.   "This rule was not at all popular," he continued, "and there were many rebellions because of it. The rebellions were never successful, and the people who took part in them always ran away to Blefuscu, where they were welcomed as friends. Because of this, a war began between the two countries. Lilliput has lost at least forty ships and around thirty thousand soldiers. Although Blefuscu has lost a similar number of people, it seems likely that they are planning to attack Lilliput any day soon."                             "That's not good news," I said.  "For this reason, the King has asked me to tell you about our problem, because he wants you to help us."  " "I understand," I said. "Well, I'm certainly ready to help to defend your country from any coming attack,".    "Good," said Reldresal. "I'm very pleased to hear this. I'll inform the King at once."   When he had left, I sat down and thought about what I had promised. Had I done the right thing? I did not want to hurt anyone, but it seemed the time for fighting was near.     

157

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

Gulliver's Travels

Exercises

3 rd Part

A)Answer the following questions: 1 - What did Gulliver use the knife for? He used it to cut the ropes that tied the man's hands. 2 - What did he do with the men in his pocket? He took them out and set them free. 3 - How did the guards know that Gulliver was kind? When he cut the man's ropes and set the other men free. 4 - What did the king decide to do after this situation? He decided to make Gulliver a bed. 5 - How did they make him a bed? The workmen fixed six hundred beds together. 6 - Why did they king become worried? Why did he make a new law? Because people left their villages and came to see Gulliver so there were not enough people to work in the fields 7 - What was the king's new law? No one could see Gulliver without a licence. 8 - What were the king's worries about Gulliver? He was worried about what would happen if Gulliver escaped and if they could afford to keep him. 9 - How did the king try to get over these worries? 1-He decided that people should provide/supply 60 cows, 40 sheep ,bread and fruit every morning to feed him. 2 - 6 hundred people would be paid to look after him. 3 - three hundred people will make him clothes. 4 - Six of the king's advisers would teach him. 10 - Where would the people who would look after Gulliver live? In tents close to his home. 11 - What did Gulliver ask from the king when he could understand ? To set him free. 12 - What was the king's reply? He said that it would take time. 13 - What did the king advise him to do when he asked for departure? He advised him to be patient and let the soldiers search his clothes? 14 - Why did the king want to search Gulliver? To protect himself and his people from any weapons. 15 - What would the king do with the things with Gulliver? They would keep them and return to him when he would leave or pay for the lost things. 16 - What did the soldiers find when they searched Gulliver? A handkerchief, a letter to his wife , a comb , a watch, a wallet, two guns and a sword. 17 - What things didn't the soldiers see in the secret pocket? A pair of glasses and some other things. 18 - Why were the king's men shocked when they saw the sword? Because of its size. 19 - Why did the soldiers fall onto the ground in fear? Because of the noise of the guns. 20 What puzzled the king? Gulliver's watch.

158

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

Gulliver's Travels

3 rd Part

21 - Why did the king ask his men to take Gulliver's things to his palace? So that the experts could examine them. 22 - What did children do around Gulliver? They played games around him. 23 - What did the king invite Gulliver to? He invited him to some important events. 24 - What was the winner of the competition win? He was given a colored ribbon by the king. 25 - What were the promises did they want from Gulliver to free him? 1 - He shouldn't enter they city without their permission. 2 - He shouldn't step on any one of Lilliput. 3 - He shouldn't lie down in any field. 4 - He mustn't leave the country without a licence. 5 - Finally, he must promise to fight for the king against enemies of Blefuscu. 26 - Did Gulliver agree to these conditions? Yes, he agree to them happily so the chains around his legs were unlocked. 27 - Why did Gulliver bow to the king? To show his thanks as he set him free. 28 - What did the king ask Gulliver to be after freeing him? He asked him to be a useful servant to him. 29 - What was the great city called? It was called Mildendo. 30 - What was the notice warning about? To warn people about Gulliver's visit to the city and ask people to stay indoors. 31 - Why didn't Gulliver see inside the palace? Because he would damage it and the windows were too small. 32 - What did the queen do when she saw Gulliver? She waved to him with a smile. 33 - Who was Reldresal? And why did he visit Gulliver? He was an important official, to tell him about the two problems of Lilliput. 34 - What were the two problems ? 1 - The first one is inside the country The argument about wearing high heels or low heels. 2 - The second problem is outside the country There would be an attack by enemies from Blefuscu. 35 - What did Reldresal say about Blefuscu? He said that this island was as large and powerful as Lilliput and they were fighting each other for many years. 36 - why did the war begin? Because the rebellions escaped to the other island after the law of breaking eggs. 37 - What did Gulliver promise after hearing the problems of Lilliput? He promised to help them against enemies. B)Read the following quotation, then answer the questions: 1 – " Off you go, Your king wants to keep me tied up, but I don't mind if you are free. " 1 – Who said these words? Gulliver said these words. 2 – To whom was he speaking? To the small man in his hand. 3 – What did Gulliver do with the other men in his pocket?

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Gulliver's Travels

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He took them from his pocket and put them down. 2 – " I think this helped my situation." 1 – Who said these words? Gulliver. 2 – What did he mean by this? When he set the six men free. 3 – How did this helped his situation ? He was kind so the men decided to make him a bed . 3 – " Your Highness, you know I won't hurt your people." 1 – Who was the speaker and to whom? Gulliver to the king. 2 – What did Gulliver ask from the king? He asked him to set him free. 3 – What was the king's answer? He said that would take time and he had to be patient. 4 – " I can see that you are not a violent man, but this will take time and you need to be patient." 1 – Who said these words? The king. 2 – To whom was he speaking? To Gulliver. 3 – What should Gulliver be patient for? He should be patient to be set free. 5 – " First of all , you must allow two of my soldiers to search your clothes." 1 – Who said these words and to whom? The king to Gulliver. 2 – What would search him for? They searched for any weapons. 3 – What was Gulliver answer? He agreed happily and said he would be happy to be searched. 6 – " Whatever we find in your pockets, we will keep them." 1 – Who said these words and to whom? The king to Gulliver. 2 – What would they do with these things? They would keep them and would return them to him on leaving the country or pay for the lost things. 3 – What did they find in his pockets? A handkerchief, a letter to his wife , a comb , a watch, a wallet, two guns and a sword. 7 – " Your sword looks extremely dangerous. please put it down." 1 - Who said this and two whom? The king to Gulliver. 2 – What did Gulliver do ? He put it as the king asked him. 3 – What did he show the king after that ? He showed him his two guns. 8 – " What are these strange things?" 1 – Who said these words?The king. 2 – Who was the addressee?Gulliver. 3 – What were these things? The two guns.

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Gulliver's Travels

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9 – " I will show you ,don't worry , they will make loud noise." 1 – Who said these words and to whom?Gulliver to the king. 2 – What were these things?The Guns. 3 – What happened when he fired them into the air? The soldiers fell onto the ground and the king looked nervous. 10 – " What is this strange machine for? Why does it make noise?" 1 – Who said these words and to whom?The king asked Gulliver. 2 – What machine does he refer to?He refers to the watch. 3 – What did Gulliver say about the watch? He told the king it could be used to measure time. 11 – " "I hope you will be a useful servant to me and prove that I've been right to feed you and give you clothes." 1 - Who was the speaker?The king of Lilliput. 2 - To whom was he speaking?He was speaking to Gulliver. 3 - How did he feed him? He asked people to supply 60 cows and 40 sheep, beard and fruit everyday for him. 12 - "I will do my best ." 1 - Who was the speaker?Gulliver to the king. 2 - Why did he say this ?Because the king asked him to be a successful servant. 3 - What did Gulliver ask the king for? He asked him if he could see his great City Mildendo. 13 – " I have something important to tell you." 1 – Who said these words?Reldresal 2 – To whom was he speaking?To Gulliver 3 – What did he tell Gulliver? He told him that they were all happy as he was set free, and this was because of the difficult situation they were in. 14 –" we are all pleased that you're now free, but this is only because of the difficult situation in Lilliput." 1 - Who said this and to whom?Reldresal to Gulliver. 2 - What was the outside problem?The war with Blefuscu. 3 - Why did the king send this person to Gulliver? To tell him about their problems and ask him to help them. 15 - "This law is not at all popular and there have been many rebellions because of it ." 1 - Who was the speaker and to whom?Reldresal to Gulliver. 2 - Who put that law?The king. 3 - What was that law? Everyone should break an egg at the smaller end and who open an egg at the larger end should be punished. 16 - "I am ready to help to defend your country from any coming attack." 1 - Who said this and to whom?Gulliver to Reldresal. 2 - Why did Gulliver agree to do that?Because he promised to do that to be set free. 3 - Against whom he would help?The attack from Blefuscu.

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Gulliver's Travels

3 rd Part

c. Find the mistake in each of the following sentences and correct it : 1-Gulliver was cruel to the people who tried to hurt him. Gulliver was kind to the people who tried to hurt him. 2-The King asked the workmen to fit together three hundred beds to make abed. The King asked the workmen to fit together six hundred beds to make abed. 3-Two hundred people were paid to look after Gulliver. six hundred people were paid to look after Gulliver. 4-Gulliver was annoyed to talk to the King. Gulliver was pleased to talk to the King. 5-The King asked Gulliver to be impatient when Gulliver wanted to be set free. The King asked Gulliver to be patient when Gulliver wanted to be set free. 6-The King promised to steal Gulliver's things when he 'left their country. The King promised to return Gulliver's things when he 'left their country. 7-The soldiers didn't find a pair of shoes that Gulliver had kept in a secret pocket. The soldiers didn't find a pair of glasses that Gulliver had kept in a secret pocket. 8-The King thought Gulliver's sword looked extremely beautiful. The King thought Gulliver's sword looked extremely dangerous. 9-To the King, the strangest things among things were the comb and the wallet. To the King, the strangest things among things were the two guns and the watch. 10-Sometimes Gulliver stood up and let people climb up to dance in his hand. Sometimes Gulliver lay down and let people climb up to dance in his hand. 11-Gulliver was invited to watch some of the country's best footballers. Gulliver was invited to watch some of the country's best athletes. 12-When Gulliver stood up, the King said his legs were taller than the highest house in the city. When Gulliver stood up, the King said his legs were taller than the highest gate in the city. 13-The soldiers rode their horses in a line above Gulliver's legs. The soldiers rode their horses in a line between Gulliver's legs. 14-Skyresh Bolgolam liked Gulliver. Skyresh Bolgolam hated Gulliver. 15-Gulliver had to promise not to enter the city if he was asked. Gulliver had to promise not to enter the city unless he was asked. 16-Gulliver thanked the King for tying his chains,at last. Gulliver thanked the King for removing his chains,at last. 17-Gulliver asked the King to allow, him tovisit the capital city, Blefuscu. Gulliver asked the King to allow, him tovisit the capital city,Mildendo. 18-Gulliver needed to be careful his cap didn't damage the roofs of the Small houses in Mildendo. Gulliver needed to be careful his coat didn't damage the roofs of the Small houses in Mildendo. 19-The Queen waved at Gulliver with a cry. The Queen waved at Gulliver with asmile. 20-The rebellious people in Lilliput are received in Blefuscu as enemies. The rebellious people in Lilliput are received in Blefuscu as friends.

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Gulliver's Travels

3 rd Part

Chapter3 Vocabulary northeast possible in case communication plan fleet spy sailors lay down fields coast telescope harbour chains hook socks meanwhile fastened arrows worry put on hidden pull remove nervously drowned long live hero medal fight adventure mad amazed

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Gulliver's Travels

Text

3 rd Part

Blefuscu was an island about 800 metres to the northeast of Lilliput. I had not yet seen the island and, after Reldresal had told me about a possible attack, I decided not to go to that side of the island in case I was seen by the enemies of Lilliput. I heard that there was no communication between the two countries, so they did not yet know anything about me.     One day, I told the King that I had an idea.  "If it can help us, then I want to hear it," he said.  "Your spies tell me that Blefuscu's fleet of ships is prepared to attack us," I said.  "That's right," said the King.  "Well, my plan is that I can easily take all of Blefuscu's ships away from them."  The King liked this idea very much and called in his advisers. I asked one of the King's best sailors how deep the water was between the two islands.  "It's about two metres deep at most," he said.  That afternoon, I walked to the northeast of Lilliput and lay down on some fields next to the coast so that I could not be seen from Blefuscu. I used my pocket telescope to look at the island next to ours. I could see about fifty ships, together with some smaller boats, in a small harbour.       I returned to the city and asked for some strong chains and fifty metal poles. I shaped the poles into large hooks and fastened these onto the chains before returning to the northeast coast. Now I was ready to carry out my plan.                   I then took off my shoes and socks and walked into the cold sea, carrying the chains and hooks. Because the sea was not very deep, I could walk for most of the way, although I had to swim a little where it was deepest, before arriving in Blefuscu' s harbour about half an hour later.                                             When the people of Blefuscu saw me, they were terrified. Sailors jumped from the ships and swam as fast as they could to the shore. Meanwhile, I fastened the

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MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

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Prof In English

Gulliver's Travels

3 rd Part

metal hooks onto each ship in the harbour and tied the chains together. While I was doing this, Blefuscu's soldiers started to shoot arrows at me from the shore. The arrows hit my arms and hands, but my main worry was for my eyes, so I put on the glasses which were hidden in my pocket. These protected my eyes from any arrows while I began to pull the chains.                            At first, the ships would not move and I realised that they were all tied up to the harbour wall. So I took out a knife and cut all the ropes. More arrows were hitting my hands now, but although this hurt, they did not stop me. Using the hooks and chains, I was able to pull all fifty boats away from the harbour. The soldiers suddenly stopped shooting and watched in great surprise when they realised what was happening. I heard little cries behind me, but they could do nothing. Soon, I was back in deep water. I removed some of the arrows from my hands and prepared to swim back to Lilliput.                             The King later told me that back in Lilliput, he was waiting nervously with his men on the northeast coast. A soldier called out, "I can see some ships! But there's no sign of Gulliver."    "Surely the enemy fleet is attacking," one of his advisers told him. "Gulliver's plan has not succeeded."  "I fear you are right," said the King. "Perhaps Gulliver has drowned."  At that moment, however, my feet touched the bottom of the sea and I was able to stand up. I shouted, "Long live the King of Lilliput!"  Now the King could see me, he laughed loudly.  "My hero!" he cried. "For what you've done, you'll get the most important medal in the land."  That evening, it became clear that after my success, the King had more plans for me. 

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MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

Gulliver's Travels

3 rd Part

"Listen," he told me. "With your help, we could easily take control of all of Blefuscu and put all of my enemies in prison, including the people from Lilliput who still want to open their eggs at the larger end."   However, I told him that I did not want the free people of Blefuscu to become prisoners. "I'm sorry," I said. "I can't help you with these ambitions." The King did not look pleased.      I was surprised how quickly the King's opinion of me changed. When he asked to see me the next day, he was not friendly at all.  "I cannot make you attack Blefuscu," he said. "But if you won't help, you'll no longer be a hero in Lilliput. I'm sorry to say that your life won't be so easy from today."   He was right. I soon found out that, although some of his advisers agreed with my opinions, I also had many enemies. Despite my brave visit to Blefuscu, my situation in Lilliput had become more dangerous.                      Around three weeks later, a group of six officials from Blefuscu came to meet the King. They asked what they could do to end the war peacefully and they also asked if they could meet the enormous man who had taken their ships. When they saw me, they did not seem frightened but bowed down before me.                       "We would like to thank you for not hurting any of our people when you came to Blefuscu," one of them said. "We can see how strong and brave you've been. Would it be possible for you to meet our own King? We'd very much like you to visit our country again, but this time as a guest."   I told them that I would be happy to do this. I did not realise that my promise would later create many problems for me.  One night, an adviser to the King visited me without warning with some important news. He told me what many of the King's other advisers were suggesting, and it did not sound very promising.

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MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

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Prof In English

Gulliver's Travels

3 rd Part

  "Flimnap, the treasurer, has told the King that you're costing too much money, and it would be better if they removed you from the land," he told me. "Flimnap's not the only person who has a problem with you, either. An important officer in the navy is angry with you because, now that Blefuscu doesn't have a fleet of ships, his job is no longer important. And Skyresh Bolgolam, who I'm afraid has never liked you, says that you haven't kept many of the promises you agreed to when they set you free."     "I see," I replied nervously. .  "I'm sorry to say there's a bigger problem. Many of the King's advisers have told him that you're planning to work with the King of Blefuscu against Lilliput. Because of this, they want to punish you."   I was extremely worried when I heard what they were planning to do to punish me. Some of my enemies said I should be shot with poisonous arrows, others suggested that it would be easier if they set fire to my house, with me inside.   "You are lucky," the adviser continued. "The King doesn't want you to die, so it was agreed that you'll be made blind. In this way, you'll still be strong enough to help the King if necessary, but you'll no longer be a danger. However, the treasurer, Flirnnap, said that if you were blind, you would still need to be given food and clothes, and this would cost too much. So it was finally agreed that after you are made blind, you'll no longer be given any food, as this will save the King money."          "You said the King doesn't want me to die!" I told my visitor. "But if I'm not given any food, I'll soon die of hunger."  "I think you're right," he said. "I'm sorry. But at least I've told you what's planned for you. It's best if you're prepared for what's to come."   I thanked him for warning me and thought of my options. I could easily fight the King and his men; if I threw a few stones at the city, I could quickly destroy it. But I

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MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

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Prof In English

Gulliver's Travels

3 rd Part

remembered the ordinary people who lived there and also the fact that the King had been kind to me when I first arrived. So I made a different plan. I sat down and wrote a letter to the King, and then quickly walked to the other side of the island before it got light. There, I took one of the largest ships I could find, took off my clothes and put them inside the ship. I then swam across to Blefuscu, pulling the ship behind me. Then, when I arrived at Blefuscu, I put on my dry clothes again before finding my way to their capital city.                        The King of Blefuscu was called by his guards and about an hour later, he came out to welcome me with his family and advisers. I was surprised that none of his family seemed at all frightened of me. I told him that I was very pleased to meet him and would happily help him in any way I could. I said nothing of the problems I had left behind me in Lilliput.                       That night, I had an uncomfortable night on the hard ground because there was no building as large as the one that was my home in Lilliput. During the next few days, I explored the small island, which was not very different from Lilliput.   One morning, I was walking along the northeast coast of the island when I saw something in the sea. I looked carefully and suddenly felt excited: it was a real boat, big enough for me to go in! However, a storm had turned the boat over and it was floating some way off the coast.                I hurried back to the city and asked the King if I could borrow some of his ships. Of course I had taken most of his ships to Lilliput, but he found twenty other ships, which his best sailors agreed to sail around the coast. I walked back to where I had seen the boat, which was now closer to the island. The King's ships sailed as close as they could to the boat, then I swam into the water and succeeded in carrying several ropes from the ships to the front of the boat. I tied the ropes to the boat and called for the ships to try and pull the boat towards the coast. I helped by pushing the boat in the water as I swam. The wind helped us, and soon the boat was pushed onto a long beach. With the help of one thousand

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Gulliver's Travels

3 rd Part

men and many ropes, we turned the boat over and I examined it carefully. I could see there was little damage.                           I spent the next few days repairing the boat and making new oars from the island's biggest trees, and then I was ready to row the boat round to the city. A crowd of amazed people came to see me arrive in my new boat. When it was safely tied up near the palace, I went to see the King.    "As you have heard, I've found a boat," I told him. "This is exactly what I need to return to the country where I was born. If you could help me to find some materials, I'll soon be able to leave."   "I'm pleased for you," said the King. "I'll do what I can to help."  The next day, however, I found that the King of Blefuscu was less certain about what to do with me. He had just received a letter from the King of Lilliput, in which he wrote that I had escaped punishment and should be sent back. He added that if I was not tied up and returned to Lilli put at once, the war between the two countries would begin again.                       The King of Blefuscu spoke for some time with his advisers. Finally, he wrote a letter to the King of Lilliput saying that it was impossible for him to send me back. Although I had taken a fleet of his ships, I had helped to stop the fighting between the two countries and had hurt no one. He also explained that now I had found a boat, I would soon be gone and would no longer be a problem for either country.    After he had sent this letter, he promised to protect me if I would continue to help him. However, I no longer felt sure it was a good idea to help either of the kings.

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MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

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Gulliver's Travels

3 rd Part

   "Thank you for your offer," I said. "However, I think it would be best for me and your country if I left. Will you allow this?"  He thought for a minute and then agreed with a smile. "I'll ask my men to help you to prepare your boat," he said. Five hundred of them were employed to make new sails using hundreds of sheets, and a huge stone was found that could be used as an anchor. After about a month, the boat was ready.    One morning, the King came down to the beach with his family to say goodbye to me. Before I left, he gave me a painting of himself. It was extremely small, so I put it inside my glove to stop it from getting wet during the journey. He also gave me some tiny cows and sheep to supply me with enough food and drink for several weeks at sea, and I finally left Blefuscu on 24 September 1701 at six in the morning.     The wind took me north and I passed a small island. The first night was clear and I slept well before another day's sailing in the same direction. I planned to sail to some islands that I believed lay to the northeast of where my ship sank all those months ago. The next day I saw no land at all, but the day after that I saw another boat not far from me, I tried for some time to catch up with the boat and after many hours, it finally saw my sails. As I got closer, I was happy to see the boat had an English flag. and it was not a tiny ship but the correct size. I was safe!                           . I sailed my boat next to the English boat, put my cows and sheep in my pocket, and climbed onto the larger boat. Soon the captain came to welcome me The boat belonged to a trader called John Biddel, who was" travelling back to London from Japan. He had around fifty sailors, and they were very kind to me when I got onto their boat. John Biddel then asked me where I had been, so I told him about my adventures. I could see that he thought I was completely mad, so I showed him the tiny cows and sheep that I had in my pocket and the painting inside my glove. He was amazed. 

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MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

Gulliver's Travels

3 rd Part

                          "If you hadn't shown me these things," he said, "I would have thought it impossible."  "I can understand that," I said. "But look, keep the little sheep. Give them to your children when you get home. They'll love them."  I said he could keep the sheep to give to his children when he got home. He was very pleased by this, and he fed the sheep on his best sea biscuits.  It was a long journey back to England, but a good one. On 13th April 1702, we finally arrived back in England and I was so very happy to see my wife and family again. How tall my children had become! I sold my small animals for a lot of money (although I lost one of the cows, which was eaten by a rat) and soon I was able to help my family to move to a larger house in an expensive part of the town.       My son, Johnny, was now at a good school, and my daughter, Betty, had a good job making clothes. My family were comfortable and happy, but I found life in the city difficult and work was hard to find. Once again, I began to think it would be better if I took another job as a ship's surgeon. So after just two and a half months back in England, I was offered a new job on a ship called The Adventure. I accepted the job and prepared for another journey.     I felt tears in my eyes when I said goodbye to my wife and children yet again and stepped onto the The Adventure. It was a good name for my ship, too, because I was about to have an even bigger adventure on the seas.          

171

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

Gulliver's Travels

Exercises

3 rd Part

A)Answer the following questions: 1 - What was Blefuscu? It was an island 800 meters from Lilliput. 2 - Why did the people of Blefuscu Know about Gulliver? Because there was no communication between the two islands. 3 - What was the Gulliver's plan to help the king of Lilliput? He planned to take all of Blefuscu's fleet of ships. 4 - How deep was the sea? It was about two meters deep. 5 - Why did Gulliver lie down on some fields next to the coast? So that he couldn't be seen from Blefuscu. 6 - What did he use to look at the island? He used his telescope. 7 - What did he see when he used the telescope? He saw ifty (50) ships and smaller boats. 8 - How did Gulliver shape the poles? He shaped them into large hooks. 9 - What did the sailors of Blefuscu do when they saw Gulliver? They jumped from ships and swam fast to the shore. 10 - What did Gulliver do with the ships? He fastened the hooks onto the ships and pulled them. 11 - How did the soldiers of Blefuscu defend themselves? They started to shoot Gulliver with swords. 12 - How did Gulliver protect his eyes from the arrows? He put on his glasses. 13 - Why didn't the ships move at first? Because they were tied up to the harbour. 14 - What did Gulliver do to untie the ships? He took out a knife and cut all the ropes. 15 - What did the king of Lilliput think when Gulliver didn't appear? He thought he had drowned. 16 - What did Gulliver say when he came carrying the ships? He shouted " LONG LIVE THE KING OF LILLIPUT". 17 - How did the people of Lilliput welcome Gulliver Back? They welcomed him like a hero and the king gave him a medal. 18 - What did the king want to do with his enemies? He wanted to put them in prison with the help of Gulliver. 19 - Did Gulliver accept ? No, and said he couldn't help the king to do that. 20 - What was the king's opinion of Gulliver after refusing to help him? He was angry, he changed his opinion and said that Gulliver was no longer a hero. 21 - Why did a group of six officials from Blefuscu come to meet the king of Lilliput? To ask him how to end the war and to meet the big man (Gulliver).

172

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

Gulliver's Travels

3 rd Part

22 - Why did the delegation from Blefuscu thank Gulliver? Because he didn't hurt anyone. 23 - What did they invite Gulliver to? To meet their king and go to their country. 24 - What were the bad news did Gulliver know from the advisor? He said that Flimnap , the treasurer, had told the king that Gulliver cost too much money and it was better to remove him from the land. 25 - What were the other bad news? He didn't keep many of his promises . 26 - What was Gulliver's biggest problem? Some people told the king that Gulliver was planning to work with king of Blefuscu against Lilliput. 27 - What did the king decide to do? He decided to punish Gulliver. 28 - What were the suggested plans to punish Gulliver? - some suggested shooting him with poisonous arrows. - Others suggested setting fire to his house. 29 - Did the king agreed to these suggestions? No, he didn't want to kill Gulliver and decided to make him blind. 30 - Why was it better to blind Gulliver than killing him? In this way he would be strong enough to help the king if necessary. 31 - What did they decide finally? They decided not to give him any food to save the king's money. 32 - What did Gulliver think of after that ? He thought that it would be easy to fight the king and destroy the city. 33 - What prevented him from doing that? He thought of the ordinary people and that the king was kind to him. 34 - How did Gulliver save himself? He wrote a letter then used a ship to escape to Blefuscu. 35 - Who welcomed Gulliver at Blefuscu? The King , his family and advisers. 36 - Did Gulliver tell the king of Blefuscu about his problems in Lilliput? No, he didn't tell him anything. 37 - Why couldn't Gulliver sleep comfortably in Blefuscu? Because there was not a large building for him. 38 - How did Gulliver make new oars? He made them from the biggest trees. 39 - What did The king of Blefuscu give Gulliver while he was leaving? He gave him a painting of himself , some tiny cows and sheep as well as food and water. 40 - When did Gulliver leave Blefuscu? On September 1701 at six in the morning. Quotations and answers

173

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

Gulliver's Travels

3 rd Part

B)Read the following quotation, then answer the questions: 1 – " If it can help us , then I want to hear it." 1 – Who said this and to whom? The king to Gulliver. 2 – When did the king say this? When Gulliver told him that he had an idea concerning the possible attack. 3 – What was Gulliver's idea or plan? He wanted to take all Blefuscu's ships away. 2 – " Your spies tell me that Blefuscu's fleet of ships is prepared to attack." 1 – Who said these words and to whom? Gulliver to the king. 2 – What was the king's answer? He said yes. 3 – What did Gulliver suggest about that? He suggested taking all Blefuscu's ships away. 3 – " It's about two meters deep at most" 1 – Who said these words? One of the best sailors 2 – To whom was he speaking? To Gulliver. 3 – What did Gulliver intend? He intended to cross the sea and get the ships. 4 – " I can see some ships, but there is no sign of Gulliver." 1 – Who said these words? One of the soldiers. 2 – What were these ships? The fleet of Blefuscu. 3 – What did they expect the ships were? They thought the enemy fleet was attacking. 5 – " Gulliver's plan has not succeeded. " 1 – Who was the speaker? One of the advisers. 2 – To Who was he speaking? To the king. 3 – What did the king expect about Gulliver? He thought that he had drowned. 6 – " Long live the king of Lilliput." 1 - Who said this? Gulliver. 2 - When did he say this? When he came out of the sea. 3 - How did the king and people welcome him? They welcomed him like a hero and the king gave him a medal. 7 – " My hero, for what you have done , you will get" 1 – Who said these words? The king to Gulliver.

174

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

Gulliver's Travels

3 rd Part

2 – Why did he call him a hero? Because he stole the fleet of Blefuscu and saved the island. 3 – How did he reward him? He gave him the most important medal in land. 8 – " With your help we could easily take control of Blefuscu ." 1 – Who said these words and to whom? The king to Gulliver. 2 – What did the king want to do with his enemies? He wanted to put them all in prison . 3 – What was Gulliver reaction? He refused that and told the king he didn't want free people to become prisoners. 9 – " "I am sorry, I can't help you with your ambitions." 1 - who said this and to whom? Gulliver to the king. 2 - What were these ambitions? The king wanted to punish his enemies and put them in prison with Gulliver's help. 3 - What was the king's reaction? He changed his mind of Gulliver and said that he was no longer a hero 10 – " I can't make you attack Blefuscu , But if you won't help , you will no longer be a hero in Lilliput." 1 – Who said this and to whom? The king to Gulliver. 2 – Why do you think the king couldn't make Gulliver attack Blefuscu? Because he was giant and strong. 3 – What did the king threaten Gulliver of? He told him that his life wouldn't be so easy. 11 – " We would like to thank you for not hurting any of our people." 1 – Who said these to whom? The(6) people from Blefuscu. 2 – Why did they come to Lilliput? To find ways to end the war peacefully. 3 – What did they offer him? They said he could go and meet the king of Blefuscu. 12 – " Flimnap , the treasurer has told the king that you are costing too much money." 1 – Who said these words? One of the king's advisers. 2 – To whom? To Gulliver. 3 – What did Flimnap suggest about that? He suggested removing Gulliver from the country. 13 – Flimnap was not the only person who has a problem with you, either." 1 – Who was the speaker and to whom? The adviser to Gulliver. 2 – Who were other people? An important officer in the navy, and Skyresh Bolgolam.

175

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

Gulliver's Travels

3 rd Part

3 – Why was the nay man angry with Gulliver? Because his job was no longer important as Gulliver too the fleet of Blefusu. 14– " But if I am not given any food, I will soon die of hunger." 1 - Who said this and to whom? Gulliver to his visitor(the king's adviser) 2 - Why did they decide not to give him any food? To save the king's money. 3 - Who suggested preventing him from food? The treasurer Flimnap. 15 – " I have told you what is planned for you." 1 – Who said these words and to Whom? One of the advisers to Gulliver. 2 – What did Gulliver think of? He thought of destroying the city. 3 – What prevented him from doing that? He remembered the ordinary people and how the king was kind with him at first. 16 – If you hadn't shown me these things, I would have thought it impossible." 1 – Who said these words? The ship owner John Biddel to Gulliver. 2 – What were these things? The tiny cows, the sheep and the painting . 3 – What did The man think of Gulliver? He thought he was a mad man. C-Find the mistakes and correct the sentences 1-Blefuscu was an island about.800 metres to northwest of Lilliput. Blefuscu was an island about.800 metres to northest of Lilliput. 2-The King disliked Gulliver's plan. The King liked Gulliver's plan. 3-The distance between Blefuscu and Lilliput is about two kilometres deep. The distance between Blefuscu and Lilliput is about two metres deep. 4-Blefuscu fleet consists of fifteen ships together with some smaller boats. Blefuscu fleet consists of fifty ships together with some smaller boats. 5-The people of Blefuscu were pleased when they saw Gulliver. The people of Blefuscu were terrified when they saw Gulliver. 6-Gulliver used string to pull the ships. Gulliver used hooks to pull the ships. 7-The soldiers shot arrows which hitGulliver'seyes and back. The soldiers shot arrows which hitGulliver'arms and hands. 8-Gulliver protected his eyes using ribbons? " Gulliver protected his eyes using glasses? " 9-Gulliver used a sword to cut the ropes tying theships to the harbour. Gulliver used a knife to cut the ropes tying theships to the harbour. 10-The King considered Gulliver an enemy when he pulled the Blefuscu ships to Lilliput. The King considered Gulliver a hero when he pulled the Blefuscu ships to Lilliput. 11-Gulliver refused to visit Blefuscu.

176

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

Gulliver's Travels

3 rd Part

Gulliver agreed to visit Blefuscu. 12-Gulliver promised to visit Blefuscu created many fine things for him. Gulliver promised to visit Blefuscu created many problems for him. 13-Skyresh, the treasurer told the King that Gulliver cost them too much money. Flimnap, the treasurer told the King that Gulliver cost them too much money. 14-Gulliver would be awarded because he was planning to work with the King of Blefuscu. Gulliver would be punished because he was planning to work with the King of Blefuscu. 15-It was decided that Gulliver would be blinded and given food and clothes It was decided that Gulliver would be blinded and left without food and clothes 16-Gulliver didn't approve of the idea of throwing stones at the King, and his men because he didn't want to hurt soldiers. Gulliver didn't approve of the idea of throwing stones at the King, and his men because he didn't want to hurt ordinary people. 17-The King of Blefuscu and his family were frightened of Gulliver. The King of Blefuscu and his family were not frightened of Gulliver. 18-Gulliver used metal for making new oars. Gulliver used wood for making new oars. 19-The King of Lilliput wrote an e-mail to the King of Blefuscu The King of Lilliput wrote a letter to the King of Blefuscu 20-Gulliver felt sure it was a bad idea to help either of the Kings. Gulliver felt sure it was a good idea to help either of the Kings.

177

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

Gulliver's Travels

3 rd Part

Chapter4 A voyage to Brobdingnag Vocabulary adventure ) enormous  captain end with  plan to wall  fresh steps  hole terrified  fell ill corn  recover thunder  set off scythes  headed hide  Madagascar flat  glad exhaustion  sails unimportant  luckily towards  supplies pick up  rather than fingers  route closely  continent pray  bay throw  anchor pocket  ashore ran off  permission master  stream amazement   spring take off  realized offer  row emptied  call out signs  giant handkerchief  hill soft  fields screamed      grass servant  rough plates

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MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

                              

fork lift angrily toy adult fill with feed wheat                       

                              

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Gulliver's Travels

Text

3 rd Part

On 20 June 1702, I left England once again on the Adventure under the ship's captain, Captain John Nicholas. We were planning to go to India and at first; the winds were kind to us: we easily reached the south of Africa, where we stopped for fresh water. There we discovered that the ship had a hole in its side which had to be repaired, and soon after this the captain fell ill. Because of this, we stayed in the south of Africa for most of the winter until the captain had recovered and the ship was ready for the seas once more.        In March, we set off again, first headed east, passing the island of Madagascar. We continued to the north of the island, when the wind began to get stronger, so it was a difficult journey. For twenty days we sailed against the winds, moving slowly until finally the wind and the sea became calm.   "I'm pleased the winds have stopped," I said to the captain one morning.  The captain said nothing for a moment and looked hard at the sky. "Enjoy this while you can," he said. "We need to prepare for a great storm."   "How do you know?" I asked.  "I've experienced conditions like this before," he said. "It's the calm before the storm."  The captain was right. Two days later we were indeed hit by a great wind which flew up from the south. We took down some of the sails and did all that we could to control the ship, but the storm drove us northeast, until even our most experienced sailors did not know where we were. Luckily, our ship was strong after its repairs, and we had good supplies of food. Our only problem was that we did not have much fresh water. We decided to continue in the direction the wind had taken us, rather than try to find our way back to our planned route.                                         On 16 June 1703, a sailor called out to say that he could see land some distance away. A day later, we were much closer and we could all see a great island or

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MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

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Prof In English

Gulliver's Travels

3 rd Part

continent in the distance (we did not know it). As we got even nearer, we saw a narrow bay, but the captain did not think it was deep enough to take our ship, so we put down the anchor near the coast. Our captain ordered twelve men to go towards the shore in a small boat with containers to try to get some fresh water. Once we had this, we would be ready to continue on our journey.        "Captain," I said, as the men prepared their boat. "I like to visit different countries on my travels and I'm not busy today. Can I have your permission to go with the men?"   "Of course," the Captain said.  arrived on a long, sandy beach, but we could not see any people, nor any fresh water. So the sailors decided to walk along the beach to look for a stream or a spring. While they did this, I walked alone for about a kilometre away from the beach. This side of the land did not look very interesting: it had no trees and was mostly dry and full of rocks. Because there was not very much to see, I decided to return to the beach.                        As I got near to the beach again, I realised the sailors were already in the small boat, rowing back towards the ship. Why were they leaving? Could they have forgotten me? I was going to call out to them, when suddenly I saw something that I could not believe! A huge giant was walking into the sea towards the small boat as fast as he could. The boat was some way ahead of the giant, who was taking great steps, although the water only went up as high as his knees. Then he seemed to stop, realising that there were many rocks between where he stood and the boat, and I believed our boat would escape.                          I did not wait to see what happened to them, but ran away from the beach, worried that the giant would tum round and see me. I climbed a small hill as quickly as I could, and when I reached the top, I sat down and looked to see what I could find. Behind me, the beach was empty and I could not see the

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MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

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Prof In English

Gulliver's Travels

3 rd Part

giant or the boat. In front of me, I was surprised to see many fields, but the grass in the fields was very long, perhaps three or four metres high.                                               I walked down the hill to a wide, rough road which went through fields filled with wheat which was about seven metres high. The wheat was so tall that I could see nothing beyond it, so I decided it was safest if I continued down the road through one of the fields. After about an hour, I finally reached the end of this enormous field. The road stopped at a wall that was at least forty metres tall, with trees behind it that were even taller. There were steps over the wall but it was impossible for me to use them because every step was two metres high.                                                                I was looking for a way through this enormous wall when I saw another giant, of the same size as the person on the beach. This person was quickly walking up the road towards the place where I stood. I was terrified and ran into the field of wheat to hide. I watched as he easily climbed the steps onto the top of the wall, where he stopped. He said something in a voice which was as loud as thunder, and soon seven more giants appeared, each carrying enormous scythes. Their clothes were less well made than the first giant's, and I understood the men to be his workers. The first giant gave them an order and they began to cut the wheat in the field where I was hiding. I tried to get away from them through the field, but it was difficult to walk quickly or far as the plants were very close together.  . . .  .          .          .             .      Eventually, I found myself in a part of the field where the wind or rain had pushed the plants flat. I realised there was nowhere for me to go without being seen, but I could hear the giants with their scythes moving closer and closer. Each cut they made to the wheat made a terrible noise, followed by another as the wheat fell to the ground. With each plant that fell, there was one less place where I could hide. I lay down exhausted and thought about my poor family who would soon be without a father and husband. Why had I come on this voyage? Some of my friends had told me not to go. I remembered Lilliput, a place where I had thought I was so strong and important. And now I would

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MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

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Gulliver's Travels

3 rd Part

perhaps be food for enormous giants. I realised that nothing is big or small unless you compare it with something else. Perhaps there is another land where even these giants may feel small and unimportant.  .  .  . .  .   . . .  . Suddenly I saw that one of the giants was walking towards me. He had not seen me, which I thought was good news until I was worried that he would surely stand on me at any moment, so I called out as loudly as I could: "Look where you're going!" .  ": "!  The giant stopped and looked first up, then around, before he looked down and saw me. His eyes grew large with surprise, but he did not do anything at first. He seemed to be thinking about what to do, as I have done when I have seen a small, dangerous animal in front of me. Then he decided to carefully pick me up with his fingers to look at me closely.      ,               . .  . I thought quickly and decided the safest thing for me to do was to not move, although his fingers hurt my back and I realised I was twenty metres above the ground. Then I looked up at the sky and began to pray, worried that he would throw me onto the ground: "Please, keep me safe and do not let him drop me!"                                  .         " Luckily the giant seemed pleased and also amazed that I was talking, although he clearly did not understand what I was saying.  "You're hurting my back: if you must hold me, hold me gently!" I cried, and pointed to my back and he seemed to understand. He carefully put me in his pocket and ran off to find his master, the farmer who I had seen earlier. The pocket was dark and warm, and luckily it was not uncomfortable. . !" :  .  .

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MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

Gulliver's Travels

3 rd Part

When the giant stopped, I saw a great big pair of eyes looking down at me. The farmer was looking at me inside the man's pocket and waved for the other workers to look at me too. He seemed to be asking them what I was. Next, the giant took me out of his pocket and put me on the ground and they all watched me in amazement as I walked up and down to show that I was not going to run away. I took off my hat and bowed to the farmer. .            .    .     ..  "I'm pleased to meet you, kind sir," I said, taking a bag of gold coins from my pocket. "I can offer you some of these coins if you'll keep me safe."   The farmer emptied the bag and looked at the tiny coins in his hand, but did not seem very interested, and through signs he told me to put the coins back. He also spoke to me, but his voice was so loud that it hurt my ears. I tried to answer him in as loud a voice as I could manage, but although I spoke in many different languages, we could not understand each other. Finally, the farmer told his workers to go back to work and he took an enormous handkerchief from his pocket. He then picked me up, put me inside the soft handkerchief and used it to carry me home to show his wife.                       It was not a long journey, for in a short time I felt the giant open the handkerchief so that his wife could see me, but she immediately screamed like a child who has seen a big spider. Her husband laughed and showed her that I could stand up and talk and was nothing to be frightened of, and slowly his wife looked at me with interest.      .  . Later that day, a servant arrived with plates of food to feed the giant and his family: his wife, his three children and their grandmother. The farmer put me next to him on the table, but I was very worried I would fall because the table was at least ten metres high. The wife then put some bread and meat on a plate for me. Luckily I had my own knife and fork in my pocket and I took these out to eat the food, which greatly pleased the children. . :  .  

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MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

Gulliver's Travels

3 rd Part

.  . They then gave me some water in a cup, which was so big that I found it difficult to lift it.  "Thank you, I was very thirsty and your water's very good to drink," I shouted, in as loud a voice as I could. When they heard me talking, they laughed so loudly that it hurt my ears. Then I fell over a piece of bread, which made them laugh even more. ".  ..  The farmer's son, who was about ten years old, seemed very interested in me. He picked me up and held me by my legs so high in the air that I was terrified I would fall. His father quickly took me from his son and put me back on the table, saying something angrily to the boy. I was worried that the son would not like me after this, so through signs I tried to tell the farmer not to punish him but to be kind. The farmer seemed to understand and smiled at his son. .  . .   . Suddenly I heard a noise behind me that sounded like a strange machine. A cat appeared, which was three times the size of a cow. Usually I like animals, and I understood that they do not usually attack you unless you show you are afraid of them, so I watched it carefully and then walked up and down in front of it. I was right. It did not seem interested in me at all and soon walked away. . .  .  .  More worrying for me was when I saw a young woman carry a baby girl into the room. The baby was far bigger than an elephant, and as soon as she saw me, she pointed at me and clearly wanted to play with me, perhaps thinking I was a small toy. The mother picked me up and held me near the baby, who quickly took me in her hand.  .     .  . I had been with the giant's family for a few hours and was pleased that I had not been hurt by adult giants or by a ten year- old boy giant, and even a giant cat had not been interested in me. But the baby giant filled me with fear because I did not know what it would do next. I quickly found out that I was right to worry because I could see that the baby was about to put me in her enormous mouth.

184

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

Gulliver's Travels

3 rd Part

        ,           .   "Don't put me in your mouth, please!" I cried out as loudly as I could, but this was not a very good idea. The baby was so surprised to hear me shout that she dropped me as if I were a hot rock.     I was at least ten metres from the ground and I began to fall fast towards the hard floor of the house. 

185

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi



Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

Gulliver's Travels

Exercises

3 rd Part

A)Answer the following questions: 1 - When did Gulliver leave England on his first voyage? He left on 20 June 1702. 2 - Where were they going ? They were going to India. 3 - Why did they stop in South Africa? They stopped for fresh water. 4 - What did they discover when they reached South Africa? They discovered that the ship had a hole in its side and . 5 - Why did they stay most of the winter in South Africa? To repair the ship and the captain was ill. 6 - How long did they sail against the wind? For twenty (20) days. 7 - Why did the captain tell Gulliver not to be glad? Because he expected that there would be a great storm coming. 8 - What was their problem during the storm? They didn't have much fresh water. 9 - What did they find after that? They found a bay. 10 - What did the captain order the twelve men? He asked them to go ashore to try to get fresh water. 11 - What did Gulliver ask permission for? He asked permission to go with the twelve men and the captain agreed. 12 - What did they men find on the bay? They didn't find water or people. 13 - Why did the men decide to walk on the shore? To look for a stream or spring. 14 - Why did Gulliver decide to go back to the beach? Because the place was bad without trees and full of rocks. 15 - What did Gulliver see when he reached the beach? He saw the sailors in the small boat rowing to the ship. 16 - What happened when Gulliver began to call out to the men? He saw a huge giant walking towards the boat. 17 - What did Gulliver do when he saw the giant going towards the boat? He turned round , ran away and climbed a small hill. 18 - What surprised him when he climbed the hill? He saw fields with long glass. 19 - What did he saw after walking for an hour in the field? He found a huge wall 40 meters tall. 20 - Why couldn't Gulliver use the steps of the wall? Because every step was two meters high. 21 - What were the seven giants carrying? They were carrying enormous scythes. 22 - What did the men use the scythes for? They used them to cut the wheat. 23 - What was Gulliver's friends advice before that journey? They advised him not to make that journey.

186

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

Gulliver's Travels

3 rd Part

24 - What did He remember about Lilliput? He remembered that he was strong and important. 25 - What did he realize ? He realized that nothing could be big or small unless we compared it with other things. 26 - Why was Gulliver worried when the man was going towards him? Because he hadn’t seen him and would stand on him. 27 - What did Gulliver do to prevent the man from standing on him? He shouted loudly. 28 - What did the man do when he heard Gulliver? He picked him up with his fingers. 29 - How tall was Gulliver when the man lift him? He was twenty meters above the ground. 30 - Why was he worried when he was between the man's fingers? He was worried that the man might throw him onto the ground. 31 - What did the man do after that? He put Gulliver in his pocket carefully. 32 - What did Gulliver take out of his pocket? A bag of gold coins. 33 - Why did the man put Gulliver in The soft handkerchief? To take him home to show to his wife. 34 - What did the man's wife do when she saw Gulliver? She screamed like a child. 35 - How did Gulliver eat his food? With his own knife and fork. 36 - What did Gulliver do prevent the cat from attacking him? He walked up and down in front of it. 37 - What did the young baby think of Gulliver? She thought he was a toy. 38 - What did the baby want to do with Gulliver? She wanted to put him in her mouth. 39 - What did the baby do when she heard Gulliver shouting? She dropped him and he began to fall down fast. B)Read the following quotation, then answer the questions: 1 – " I am pleased the winds have stopped." 1 – Who said these words and to Whom? Gulliver to the captain (John Nicholas) 2 – What did the captain expect? He expected a great storm. 3 – How did he know about that storm? By experience. 2 – " I have experienced conditioned like this before, it is the calm before the storm…" 1 – Who said these words? The captain to Gulliver. 2 – Was the captain right? Yes, as there was a big storm after two days. 3 – What was there only problem on this storm? They didn't have much fresh water. 3 – " I like to visit different countries , can I have your permission to go with the men?" 1 – Who was the speaker?

187

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

Gulliver's Travels

3 rd Part

Gulliver to the captain. 2 – Where were the men going ? They were going to get fresh water from the bay. 3 – Did the captain agree? Yes, he let Gulliver go with the men. 4 – " While they did this, I walked alone ." 1 - Who said this? Gulliver. 2 - What do " they " refer to? They refer to the twelve men or sailors. 3 - What were they doing? They were looking for a stream or a spring. 5 – " Could they have forgotten me?" 1 - About whom was Gulliver talking? He was talking about the men in the boat. 2 - Why did he say this? Because they left him on the island and went. 3 - What happened to them after that? A huge giant attacked them. 6 - " seven more giants appeared each carrying enormous scythes." 1 - Who said this ? Gulliver. 2 - What did they use The scythes for? They used them to cut wheat. 3 - Who were these giants ? They were farmers who came to harvest the wheat. 7 – " Look where you are going !" 1 – Who said these words ? Gulliver . 2 - To Whom? To the giant man. 3 – What did the man do ? He looked at him in surprise and picked Gulliver Up. 8 – " you are hurting my back." 1 - Who said this and to whom? Gulliver to the giant man. 2 - Why did Gulliver say this? Because the man picked him up with his fingers and this was hurting him. 3 - What did the man do when he heard that? He carefully put him in his pocket and ran to tell his master. 9 – " I am pleased to meet you , kind sir." 1 – Who said these words? Gulliver to the Giant Master. 2 – What did Gulliver Offer him? He offered him some gold coins. 3 – Why did he offer the man gold coins? To keep him safe. 10– " Thank you , I was very thirsty and your water is very good to drink." 1 - Who said this and to whom?

188

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

Gulliver's Travels

3 rd Part

Gulliver to the young children. 2 - Why did he thank them for? Because they gave him some water in a cup. 3 - Could he carry the cup of water? No, as it was so big. 11 – " Don't put me in your mouth, please." 1 – Who was the speaker? Gulliver . 2 – To whom was he speaking? To the young baby. 3 – What happened when the girl heard his voice? She dropped him and he began to fall down. 12-''I've experienced conditions like this before. It's the calm before the storm." 1-Who said this? To whom? Captain John Nicholas said this to Gulliver. 2-Why did the speaker say this sentence? He said it because Gulliver asked him how he knew about the coming storm. 3-Was the speaker right when he said it's the calm before the storm? Yes, he was. Two days later they were hit by a great wind. 13-"Captain," I said, as the men prepared their boat. "Like to visit different countries on my travels and I'm not busy today. Can I have your permission to go with the men?" 1-Who said this? To whom? Gulliver to captain Nicholas. (The captain) . 2-Where were the men going? They were going to the land they saw after the wind had taken them away from their route. 3-Why were they going to that place? To bring fresh water from there. 14-"Please, keep me safe and don't let him drop me!" 1-Who said this? To whom? Gulliver said this praying to God to keep him safe. 2-What does "him" refer to? "him" refers to the giant who was, carrying Gulliver. 3-Why was the speaker horrified? Gulliver was horrified because he thought if the giant dropped him, he'd be killed. 15-"I can otter you some of these coins if you'll keep me safe." 1-Who said this? To whom? Gulliver said this to the giant farmer. 2-Was the listener interested in that offer? No, he wasn't. 3-Why wasn'tthe listener interested in the speaker's coins, do you think? Perhaps those people didn't use coins in their country. 3 - Find the mistakes and correct the sentences : 1-They took down all of the sails during the storm. They took down some the sails during the storm. 2-The ship wras strong after its damage. The ship wras strong after its repairs. 3-They were unlucky during the storm. They were lucky during the storm.

189

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

Gulliver's Travels

3 rd Part

4-Their problem during the great wind was food. Their problem during the great wind was fresh water. 5-They sailed in their planned route during the storm. They sailed in the wind direction during the storm. 6-A storm blew The Adventure on its planned route. A storm blew The Adventure off its planned route. 7-The stornr drove the ship southwest. The stornr drove the ship northeast. 8-On June 16 (1803), a sailor called out to say that he could see land some distance away. On June 16 (1703), a sailor called out to say that he could see land some distance away. 9-Gulliver disliked visiting different countries on his travels. Gulliver liked visiting different countries on his travels. 10-When the men arrived on the beach, they found some people or fresh water. When the men arrived on the beach, they found no people or fresh water. 11-Gulliver walked with other men for about a kilometre away from the beach. Gulliver walked with alon for about a kilometre away from the beach. 12-Gulliver decided to stay because there was not very much to see. Gulliver decided to return because there was not very much to see. 13-When Gulliver saw the giant he was happy. When Gulliver saw the giant he was surprised. 14-The boat escaped from the giant although there were many rocks separating him from the boat. The boat escaped from the giant because there were many rocks separating him from the boat.

15-The grass was very long perhaps three or four metres long. The grass was very long perhaps three or four metres high. 16-Gulliver looked down the island from the top of a tree. Gulliver looked down the island from the top of a high. 17-Gulliver hid in a cotton field. Gulliver hid in a wheat field. 18-The wheat was about 5 metres high. The wheat was about 7 metres high. 19-After about an hour, Gulliver reached the beginning of an enormous field. After about an hour, Gulliver reached the end of an enormous field. 20-The road stopped at a tree that was at least forty metres tall. The road stopped at a wall that was at least forty metres tall.

190

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

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Prof In English

191

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Skills

4 th Part

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

4 th Part

Skills

Places and Speakers At home Airport / plane Husband  Passenger  Wife  Traveller  Father  Check in clerk   Mother  Pilot  Son  Air hostess  Daughter  Flight attendant  Visitor  Air host  Guest  Assistant  Host  Market / shop Hostess  Customer  Hospital Seller  Surgeon  Salesman  Doctor  Salesgirl  Oculist   Butcher  Dentist   Greengrocer  Nurse  Grocer  Physician   Baker  Patient  Shop assistant    Bank Buyer  Manager  Client    Accountant  Hotel Cashier  Lodger / resident  Bank clerk   Receptionist   Banker   Guest  Client  Petrol station Library Driver  Student  Car owner   reader  Motorist  Librarian   Worker  Travel agency – booking / passport office Information office - custom house

----------'s Carpenter  Electrician  Mechanic  Shoemaker  Watchmaker  Jeweler  Barber  Hairdresser  Tailor  Dressmaker  Optician   Florist   Plumber  Builder  Worker = Labour  Studio Director  –  Interviewer  Critic  Actor  Actress  Photographer  Reporter  Announcer  Cameraman  Stuntman  School / university Teacher  Student  Headmaster 

Professor   Tourist  Travel agent   Headmistress  Guide  Secretary  Restaurant Check in clerk   Waiter  Booking clerk   Custom official   Customer  Clerk  Receptionist   Cook  Bus stop – railway station – taxi – street Museum Driver  Porter  Guide   Traveller  Booking clerk   Tourist 

192

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

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Prof In English Conductor  Passer by  Court/ police station Judge  Lawyer  Prisoner  Policeman   Criminal  Thief  Witness  Reporter  Suspect  Stationery shop Stationer   Customer  Student  Circus Clown  Acrobat  Usher   Viewer / spectator Coffee shop / café Waiter  Client    Customer  Ambulance Paramedic  Patient  Birds’ shop Customer  Salesman  Mosque Imam – Sheikh  Prayer  Building - Flat landlord/ landlady  Tenant  Cafeteria Waiter  Customer 

193

4 th Part

Skills

Pedestrian   Stranger  The zoo Visitor  Manager   Handler  Customer  Guard  Zookeeper   Vet   Park / public garden One of the public  Policeman  Visitor  Club/Stadium/Playground Player  Trainer  Referee  Spectator  Supporter   Company / firm Manager / Employer  Applicant   Candidate   Secretary  Newsagent’s Newsagent   Customer  Accounting office Accountant  Tax-payer   Telephone Call Caller  Clerk  Ambulance Patient 

Cinema / theatre Usher   Viewer / spectator  Bookshop Seller  Buyer  Factory Engineer  Worker  Central Operator   Client  Office Manager  Employee  Secretary  Businessman   Pharmacy - Chemist's Pharmacist  Patient  Customer  Animal clinic Vet=animal doctor  Animal owner   Car agency Car agent   Customer  Computer center Programmer  Client  Aliens’ Department Official   Applicant   Nursery Baby sitter  Child 

Paramedic  Post office Postman/clerk  Client 

Parent

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

  Driving School Instructor  Apprentice   

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

th 4 Part         

Skills

Class room   Clothes shop   Boutique      Department store   Supermarket   Garage    

Workshop (Blacksmith )  Shoe shop   Laundry  's     Barber's      Butcher's  Baker's

Exercises Say where the dialogues take place and who the speakers are: 1- A: May I take your order, sir? B: Yes, I'll have steak, please. A: How would you like it, sir? B: Well done, please. A: Certainly, sir. Place: ……………..……..…… S.A: ………….…………….……. S.B: ……………..…………...……. 2- A: How do you want the beef-steak, sir, medium or well-done? B: Well-done, please. Place: ……………..……..…… S.A: ………….…………….……. S.B: ……………..…………...……. 3- A: What can I get for you? B: I prefer fish and watermelon as a dessert Place: ……………..……..…… S.A: ………….…………….……. S.B: ……………..…………...……. 4- A: Our teacher asked us to read about pollution. Can you advise me about the best book to read? B: There are five books on that shelf on your right. A: I think the first one is the best. Place: ……………..……..…… S.A: ………….…………….……. S.B: ……………..…………...……. 5- A: Can I help you, madam? B: Yes, it's my car. It suddenly broke down. A: Where is it now? B: About fifty metres from here. What about coming with me? Place: ……………..……..…… S.A: ………….…………….……. S.B: ……………..…………...……. 6- A: Relax on this couch and try to think about your past life. B: I remember that I had a miserable childhood. I used to cry much; I hated to be left alone. Place: ……………..……..…… S.A: ………….…………….……. S.B: ……………..…………...……. 7- A: I'm fascinated by chemistry. B: That's good. You can join our research team in the field of bacteriology. A: Alright. Thanks for your advice. Place: ……………..……..…… S.A: ………….…………….……. S.B: ……………..…………...……. 8- A: Open your English books, please. B: Which page, sir? A: Page55. Place: ……………..……..…… S.A: ………….…………….……. S.B: ……………..…………...……. 9- A: Can I get some information about restaurants where I can have my meals? B: Certainly sir. What kind of restaurants? A: Not expensive ones, but not cheap either. Place: ……………..……..…… S.A: ………….…………….……. S.B: ……………..…………...…….

194

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

Skills

4 th Part

10- A: I'd like to withdraw 100 LE from my account no: 611. B: Please fill in this form with your authorized signature. Place: ……………..……..…… S.A: ………….…………….……. S.B: ……………..…………...……. 11- A: Good morning. Can I help you? B: Yes, please. I want two tins of sardines, one kilo of rice and a packet of butter. Place: ……………..……..…… S.A: ………….…………….……. S.B: ……………..…………...……. 12- A: Keep your eyes focused on me and smile. B: Can we take another shot. I'm sure I blinked. A: Of course, we can. Place: ……………..……..…… S.A: ………….…………….……. S.B: ……………..…………...……. 13- A: My ankle hurts me much. B: What happened? A: It was twisted while I was playing football. B: Please lie on this bed. I think it needs an x ray examination. Place: ……………..……..…… S.A: ………….…………….……. S.B: ……………..…………...……. 14- A: Hello. I'd like to speak to the principal, please. B: I'm sorry. The principal is busy now. Can I take your message? A: My son won't be able to come to school today. Place: ……………..……..…… S.A: ………….…………….……. S.B: ……………..…………...……. 15- A: .... and when I got home, I found it too small. B: When did you buy it? A: Two months ago. B: Oh, no, we have a rule that all shirts must be brought within two weeks if you want to change them. Place: ……………..……..…… S.A: ………….…………….……. S.B: ……………..…………...……. 16- A: To day, we are going to find out whether oil dissolves in water. This is our first experiment. B: Excuse me, sir. Shall we heat the mixture? Place: ……………..……..…… S.A: ………….…………….……. S.B: ……………..…………...……. 17- A: Have you anything to declare? B: Only my personal belongings and some gifts. Place: ……………..……..…… S.A: ………….…………….……. S.B: ……………..…………...……. 13- A: I can't give you permission to leave today. B: Why not? I feel well now. A: I'm sorry your temperature is still high. Place: ……………..……..…… S.A: ………….…………….……. S.B: ……………..…………...……. 19- A: Excuse me, Miss. What time will we reach London Airport, please? B: After ten minutes. Please, fasten your seat belt. Place: ……………..……..…… S.A: ………….…………….……. S.B: ……………..…………...……. 20- A: How lovely they are! Please give me one bunch of roses. B: of course, sir. 20 pounds. Place: ……………..……..…… S.A: ………….…………….……. S.B: ……………..…………...……. 21- A: How would you like your hair to be? B: Don't make it too short, only trimming. Place: ……………..……..…… S.A: ………….…………….……. S.B: ……………..…………...……. 22- A: Could you carry these bags to my car, please? It's outside the airport. B: I certainly will. Welcome to Cairo, sir. Place: ……………..……..…… S.A: ………….…………….……. S.B: ……………..…………...……. 23- A: Do you mind if I smoke, doctor? B: Yes, smoking is not allowed here. In hospitals smoking is dangerous to patients and to you too.

195

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

Skills

4 th Part

Place: ……………..……..…… S.A: ………….…………….……. S.B: ……………..…………...……. 24- A: Have you understood the new lesson? B: Yes, thank you. It is clear. A: The bell rang so you can leave now. B: Thank you. Place: ……………..……..…… S.A: ………….…………….……. S.B: ……………..…………...……. 25- A: I do hope you get well again. I think it was a bad accident, but doctors and nurses here are doing their best. B: Thank you for your kind visit. I do feel well now. Place: ……………..……..…… S.A: ………….…………….……. S.B: ……………..…………...……. 26- A: I didn't find my briefcase when I returned to my room. B: We found a briefcase in the hotel restaurant. I think it is yours. Here it is. A: Thanks. Place: ……………..……..…… S.A: ………….…………….……. S.B: ……………..…………...……. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------27- A: I want to buy a new blouse. Could you give me advice about the latest fashion? B: With pleasure. Floral blouses are now the latest fashion. The colour red is the most fashionable. Place: ……………..……..…… S.A: ………….…………….……. S.B: ……………..…………...……. 28- A: A car hit mine and broke its door. B: Have you got the number of the car? A: Taxi 37645. B: O.K. We'll find the taxi-driver. Place: ……………..……..…… S.A: ………….…………….……. S.B: ……………..…………...……. 29- A: Excuse me, what time is the next train? B: 8.30, platform 5. A: Thank you. Place: ……………..……..…… S.A: ………….…………….……. S.B: ……………..…………...……. 30- A: Would you bring me the bill, please. B: Of course. One cup of tea and two cheese sandwiches. This makes six pounds. Place: ……………..……..…… S.A: ………….…………….……. S.B: ……………..…………...……. 31- A: I'd like some envelopes and a bottle of blue ink B: O.K. Here you are. That will be five pounds. Place: ……………..……..…… S.A: ………….…………….……. S.B: ……………..…………...……. 32- A: First of all, you switch on the ignition key. B: Ignition key, you said. What next? A: Adjust the mirror and press the accelerator. Place: ……………..……..…… S.A: ………….…………….……. S.B: ……………..…………...……. 33- A: What size and colour do you take? B: Forty. I want them black with high heels. A: Please try these on. Place: ……………..……..…… S.A: ………….…………….……. S.B: ……………..…………...……. 34- A: Good morning. Can I help you? B: Good morning. I've an appointment with the director concerning the vacant job. A: Yes, he is expecting you. Place: ……………..……..…… S.A: ………….…………….……. S.B: ……………..…………...……. 35- A: Try to avoid his left direct blows. Remember this is the six round. You are doing well. B: I'll be careful. I'll do my best to win. Place: ……………..……..…… S.A: ………….…………….……. S.B: ……………..…………...……. 36- A: Oh! What a lovely statue! Which statue is it? B: Tot AnkhAmoun. It is made of pure gold. A: Can I have a photo of it? B: No, Sir, this is not allowed. Place: ……………..……..…… S.A: ………….…………….……. S.B: ……………..…………...…….

196

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

Skills

4 th Part

37- A: This little monkey is cute. Can I feed it, Grandpa? B: Of course not. It may hurt you. Place: ……………..……..…… S.A: ………….…………….……. S.B: ……………..…………...……. 38- A: Can you take me quickly to the airport, please? B: I'll do my best, sir. What time is your plane? Place: ……………..……..…… S.A: ………….…………….……. S.B: ……………..…………...……. 39- A: You are not in your best form. I can't risk making you play this match. B: Give me this chance, please. I'm sure I won't let you down this time. Place: ……………..……..…… S.A: ………….…………….……. S.B: ……………..…………...……. 40- A: I swear. I'll say the truth. B: Do you know this man behind the bars? A: Yes. I saw him stabbing my neighbour with a knife Place: ……………..……..…… S.A: ………….…………….……. S.B: ……………..…………...……. 41- A: Would you describe your bag, please? B: It's big and brown. A: Where did you lose it? B: In the Express Train coming from Alexandria. Place: ……………..……..…… S.A: ………….…………….……. S.B: ……………..…………...……. 42- A: Show me your driving license, please. B: Here you are. A: You have to pay a fine. You are not fastening your seat belt. Place: ……………..……..…… S.A: ………….…………….……. S.B: ……………..…………...……. 43- A: The goal you scored was wonderful. B: Thank you A: Can I ask you some questions? I'll write about you in the Sports Magazine tomorrow Place: ……………..……..…… S.A: ………….…………….……. S.B: ……………..…………...……. 44- A: Let me see your ticket, please. B: Here you are. A: Your seat is in the front, second row. B: Thank you. When will the play start? Place: ……………..……..…… S.A: ………….…………….……. S.B: ……………..…………...……. 45- A: I'm enjoying it very much, Mummy.The acrobats and the clowns are very funny. B: I'm glad you like it. We'll come again next weekend. Place: ……………..……..…… S.A: ………….…………….……. S.B: ……………..…………...……. 46- A: Hello is this 5235761? B: Yes. Can I help you? A: I want to inquire about the flat. Is it still available? Place: ……………..……..…… S.A: ………….…………….……. S.B: ……………..…………...……. 47- A: Is this 74003577 I'm calling about the flat for rent, advertised in Al-Ahram today. Is it still available? B: Yes, you can come and see it at any time from 6 p.m. to 9 p.m. Place: ……………..……..…… S.A: ………….…………….……. S.B: ……………..…………...……. 48- A: Do you like your tea with milk and sugar? B: Yes, but quickly, please. Place: ……………..……..…… S.A: ………….…………….……. S.B: ……………..…………...……. 49- A: Is this the right bus to Heliopolis? B: Yes, just sit down, and I'll tell you to get off at the right stop. Place: ……………..……..…… S.A: ………….…………….……. S.B: ……………..…………...……. 50- A: Could you get me to Cairo University by ten thirty? I'm very late. B: Yes, of course. I'll do my best although the road is too crowded. Place: ……………..……..…… S.A: ………….…………….……. S.B: ……………..…………...…….

197

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

Skills

4 th Part

Situations 1- Introducing people and one's self     This is ………..     How do you do?  Let me introduce …. to you.  Pleased / Nice to see you!  I am … / My name is …  Welcome sir! 2- Requesting & replying      I'd like to….., please.  Yes, here you are.  Can / May / Could I..., please?  Yes, of course / most willingly  Can / Would you….., please?  With pleasure.  Would / Do you mind+v+ing…….….?  No, I don't mind.  Can you help me with….….?  I'm sorry / afraid. I can't…… 3- Making Suggestions & replying      Let's /+ ………………….  Good idea. / Why not / OK.  Why don't we / you +  …?  I'm not very keen.  Shall we +  ?  I really don't feel like it.  What / How about +  + ing?  I'd prefer / I'd rather……... 4- Making offer    Do you want me …for you ?  Yes, please. / No, thanks.  Would you like me…for you?  That's very kind of you.  Can (shall) I help you with?  It's thoughtful of you.  Let me……for you.  How kind / thoughtful! 5- Greetings and saying good bye     Good morning / afternoon.  Good morning / afternoon.  Good evening / night.  Good evening / night.  How are you? / how are things?  Fine thanks./ Fine. And you?  How do you do?     How do you do?  Good bye / Bye / See you.  Good bye / Bye Bye / See you. 6- Invitation & responding      Would you like to + ..?  Thanks, I’d love to / Great idea  I wish I could, but +  ..  How / What about + V+ing..? - Asking Time     What is the time, please?  It’s half past one  What time is it now, please?  Yes, It’s a quarter to one  Can you tell me the time, please?  It’s one thirty 8- Asking nationality       I am +  ……………..  What is your nationality?  I come from + ………   Where do you come from? 9- Asking the way     Where is the.., please?  Go straight along this road.  How can I get to.., please?  Take the … turning on your …  Could you tell me the way to…?  The … is on your … 10- Asking for permission & responding     Can I +  …..?  Sure/ Here you are / No, not at all.  Do you mind if I +  …?  Sorry, I need it myself. 11- Congratulation and sympathy   

198

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

Skills

4 th Part

 Congratulations! / well done  Thanks, I’m very pleased.  I’m sorry to hear about that.  Well, never mind. 12- Apologizing & responding     I’m really sorry ……..  Never mind./ Don’t worry.  I don’t know how to say this.  You’d better get me another one. 13- Thanking & replying     Thank you (very much)  You’re welcome./ Not at all.  Thanks. (a lot)  It’s a pleasure./ Don’t mention it. 14- Asking for opinion    What do you think of …….?  I think / believe ……………  What’s your opinion of .…?  From my point of view ……….  What / How about………..?  In my opinion…………………. 15- Agreeing & disagreeing     I agree. / That’s right.  I disagree. / I don’t think so. 16- Giving advice    You should / shouldn’t +   You’re right./ I know I should(n't)  If I were you, I’d / wouldn’t …  I’ll think about that / I’ll see 17- Expressing: Surprise, hope, worry and fear     I hope +  …………  What a lovely surprise!  How nice to (see , meet) you!  I hope you get well soon.  I’m worried about ………  I’m (afraid / frightened) of … 18- Asking for help    Can / Could you +..., please?  Sure / Of course – Not at all  Would/ Do you mind +...please?  I’m (sorry / afraid), I can’t 19- Wishing   I wish you a good ……  Thank you!  I wish you good luck.  I hope so!  May  your first child be a boy.  Same to you! 20- Necessity & Prohibiting     You (must / have to) +   I’ll certainly do.  You mustn’t +   Surely I won’t. 21- Belief and Disbelief     I believe in this. / That’s true.  I can’t believe it./That’s incredible. 22- Blaming   I blame +  + for + (V+ ing).  Please, forgive me.  It’s your fault.    I’ll be careful next time. 23- Warning   Look / Watch out! / Be careful or….  Thank you. / I know this. 24- Treating   I'll punish you if…     I promise I will. 25- Showing doubt    I doubt it. /  + (may / might)…….  I do think so. / I don’t think so. 26- Preferring   I prefer … to ... / more than …  You are right. / You are free. 27- Showing certainly    I am sure that +   There is no doubt that +  28- Persuading 

199

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English  The advantages are clear.  It would be great if you … 29- Showing indifference    I don’t care.  Forget it. 30- Inquiring   Can you say it again, please?  Would you repeat it, please?

4 th Part

Skills  All right.  I don’t think so.  I don’t care either.  No, that’s important.  Of course sir. / sure.  Certainly sir./ sure.

31- Pleasure / approval / satisfaction       That’s great / excellent!  And so am I.  I was looking forward to that!  And do I.  I’m pleased to (hear/see) that!  Thank you! 32- Welcoming people    You are welcome to my house!  That’s very nice of you.  You are welcome in our country!  Thank you! 33- Desire   I would like to +   So am I.  I’m looking forward to + (V+ ing)  So do I. 34- Seeing someone off      Have a good flight.  Thanks a lot.  Don’t forget to keep in touch.  OK. And you? 35- Telephoning    Can / Could I speak to…please?  One moment, please.  Can you put me through to..?  Hold on, please.  Hello, is that …..?  Sorry, his line is engaged.  Hello, ….. there, please?  I’ll put you through to him. 36- Liking and disliking          I like / I'm interested in…..  I hate / dislike / can't stand…..  I crazy / mad about…..  I detest / despise / loathe…..  I'm great fan of……….  I'm not keen on……….

- Respond to each of the following situations: 1- You are introduced to someone who you have never met before. 2- You meet your friend Ali in the street. 3- You ask your friend if he has any information about cloning . 4- You warn your sister not to play with matches. 5- You congratulate your brother who has just bought a new car. 6- You need permission to use a computer at school. 7- A friend wonders if he can use your pencil. 8- A friend asks if you'd mind lending him your bike. 9- You want a friend to help you with something. 10- You advise your sister to wash her hands before eating. 11- Someone asks your advice about the best way to keep fit. 12- Someone advises you to do something. You don't want to accept the advice. 13- A friend asks you whether you'd like tea or coffee. 14- Your friend suggests spending the weekend studying. You agree.

200

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

Skills

4 th Part

15- You accept your friend's apology for losing your book. 16- Your friend wishes you success in your exams. 17- Your classmate is talking loudly in the library. 18- Your friend believes that violent films are exciting. You don't agree. 19- Your brother thinks that men and women are equal. You agree with him. 20- You ask your sister to clean the room for you. 21- Someone asks you the way to the nearest hospital. 22- You ask your cousin, Ashraf, to have some tea at home. 23- Your friend tells you some very bad news. 24- You and a friend are talking about the next weekend. You suggest something. 25- A friend is visiting you in your house. You offer him/her something. 26- Your brother suggests watching a match on TV. You agree. 27- You've spilt some coffee on the carpet. You apologize to your mother. 28- You invite a friend to your birthday party. 29- Your sister has just won an international contest. 30- You've just heard that your friend Ali is seriously ill in hospital. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------31- Your brother has passed his exams with high marks. 32- Your neighbour keeps a wild dog. You express your fear. 33- The teacher said something in a low voice. You ask him/her to repeat. 34- You'd like to speak to your friend Ahmed on the phone. 35- You need to have an appointment to see the doctor. 36- You can't hear what the teacher is saying. 37- You suggest spending the summer holiday in Alexandria. 38- You ask your friend's opinion about a shirt you've just bought. 39- Someone asks your opinion about modern technology. 40- A friend asks you to play chess with him, but you have an important near exam. 41- Somebody wants to speak to your father, but your father isn't at home. 42- A friend asks about your holiday plans for next summer. 43- Someone asks you what famous Egyptian you admire. 47- Someone asks you what you think the most important invention is. 44- Your friend asks for some advice on how to study. 45- You are invited to dinner at a big restaurant, but you refuse politely. 46- You ask your friend about the price of his new shoes. 47- Your friend wants to go swimming. You disagree and suggest another sport. 48- You want permission from your father to go to the cinema tonight. 49- Your cousin thinks that computers are useful, you agree. 50- Your friend gives you a present. 51- You ask a friend to help you carry a heavy bag. 52- Your friend is ill and needs to see a doctor. 53- You are visiting someone in hospital when you see another visitor smoking. 54- Someone asks you what your favourite hobby is. 55- You meet a foreigner who asks you to tell him the way to the citadel.

201

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

4 th Part

Skills

General rules for translation                                                                                   (Home)    "He is at home"   "Home means a lot to me"    home                       (Home)                (Home)                  (Home)                      ‘                   

                       4  

3 



2 

    

1 

  

  

  

                               Egypt has made great achievements during the last twenty years.

             

     "Still suffer from problem of unemployment" (X)               "We are still suffering from the problem of unemployment"

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Skills

 neighbouring countries          - …………………………………………………………………………………… .

various points of view        prevail    - …………………………………………………………………………………… .  date     the skeleton      - …………………………………………………………………………………… .

                                .              Egypt has succeeded in closing the ranks of the Arab leaders and this will have a great effect on the peace process.   nation         - …………………………………………………………………………………… .      genetic engineering revolution         - …………………………………………………………………………………… .         - …………………………………………………………………………………… .               - …………………………………………………………………………………… . (Verb to be)                                        "The student is clever"            "Egypt ……… rich in its natural resource"    enjoy            - …………………………………………………………………………………… .

 renaissance       fair   - …………………………………………………………………………………… .

  –  –  –  –  –  (verb to have)                     "We have a lot of natural resource." sophistication   progress   exellence        - …………………………………………………………………………………… .

       qualifications       - …………………………………………………………………………………… .

               Be greatly developed Be (greatly) seriously interested in Be gradually improved Punish ………………. severely grew seriously worse.

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                 

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     Open heart surgeries       - …………………………………………………………………………………… .          trade    - …………………………………………………………………………………… .              - …………………………………………………………………………………… .   "ly"            He is foolish boy.

  

He behaves foolishly.            quietly "ly"     

  to cope with           - …………………………………………………………………………………… .      economic  situation       - …………………………………………………………………………………… .         optimistist    - …………………………………………………………………………………… .                        



There are a lot of advertisements about available jobs on the internet pages. justice             laws   - …………………………………………………………………………………… .   approximate  unite  love bridge      - …………………………………………………………………………………… .         "of "   

 The ministry of Education  The problem of unemployment

 

  civilization  birthplace     - …………………………………………………………………………………… .  useful      reform        - …………………………………………………………………………………… .    offer             - …………………………………………………………………………………… .         "S"       's       '                 - …………………………………………………………………………………… .

My mother's house. My parents' house.

             - …………………………………………………………………………………… .

204

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

th 4 Part              

Skills

My father bought …………           population explosion            - …………………………………………………………………………………… .   transplant        surgeon    - …………………………………………………………………………………… .

                          



"My teacher is pleased with my work"

 The child is afraid of the lion.

( Pleased from )    

    

( afraid from )   

poverty  hunger             - …………………………………………………………………………………… .          - …………………………………………………………………………………… .           We celebrate the Child day. affect celebrate feel join enjoy arrest reach

         We enjoyed the party.                   admire     owe     express     sacrifice    recognize     obtain     fear  

attractive            - …………………………………………………………………………………… .        warmth        - …………………………………………………………………………………… .                           



Developing education has become one of the most important aims which our government tries to achieve.           ( has & have + p.p. )                          - …………………………………………………………………………………… .        cruel     - …………………………………………………………………………………… .

205

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

Skills

 It is + adj. + for + n + to + inf.

th 4 Part             

           



It is better for us to learn foreign languages because they are means of communication among people.  hurt    ambitious       - …………………………………………………………………………………… .

area           - …………………………………………………………………………………… .

      pronouns                 We're proud that education is the first national project in Egypt.         find solutions      - …………………………………………………………………………………… .

professional   amatuer   practise    - …………………………………………………………………………………… .

… In order to / so as to / to  

     

      He sat up all night so as to get all his work over. national economy          - …………………………………………………………………………………… .

        propaganda     - …………………………………………………………………………………… .

   crowdedness       invasion    - ……………………………………………………………………………………

us– them – him – me – her                  Learning foreign languages enable us to read the international newspapers.     efficiency          - …………………………………………………………………………………… .

unselfishness     Team sports    - …………………………………………………………………………………… .

your- itsourhis  her-their-my                    Every year, a lot of tourists visit Egypt to watch its ancient monument. abilities  talents  suit        - …………………………………………………………………………………… .

              - …………………………………………………………………………………… .

    the          honour beauty truth

206

 virtue  love  progress

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

 peace  friendship  honesty

  

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

Skills

4 th Part

         Progress in agriculture, industry and medicine is due to modern science. The progress in Egypt ………        self reliance         - …………………………………………………………………………………… .

  awareness     eliminate       - …………………………………………………………………………………… .

              - …………………………………………………………………………………… .

           the     the dumb   the poor  - the rich  - the disabled      the talented       - …………………………………………………………………………………… .

               - …………………………………………………………………………………… .

paper grass electricity

the     Uncountable Nouns       luggage  baggage   money  oil   information  news        a means not an end     

- …………………………………………………………………………………… .

    main    Food for all      - …………………………………………………………………………………… .

              Industry is the basis of development.  services            - …………………………………………………………………………………… .

       speed        - …………………………………………………………………………………… .

                     The government will build a lot of schools. textiles           - …………………………………………………………………………………… .

He telephoned me yesterday.                     

.               

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207

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

th 4 Part                

Skills

   equality        - …………………………………………………………………………………… .

:may                     This year may witness immense development towards peace.             - …………………………………………………………………………………… .

future simple:                        attend   

I won’t do that again.

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Past simple           Ahmed did not attend my birthday party.          self      fund        - …………………………………………………………………………………… .

                   Dad was reading the paper when the doorbell rang. regrettable action           - …………………………………………………………………………………… .

                       The Ancient Egyptians built their pyramids of stones.            - …………………………………………………………………………………… .

                     When I arrived at the cinema the film had started.    graduate         - …………………………………………………………………………………… .

              Tourism is considered an important source.      We consider tourism an important source.     corner stone      - …………………………………………………………………………………… .

         I held my bag when I left home.      I caught the thief before he escaped.     

208

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

4 th Part

Skills

                  –                               (    goods           (Products)         local    ( national )           articles )                                   It is not easy     It is difficult                                             Every year in Ismalia a folk festival is held and most of world countries take part in it.                       green lands     cultivable land    

         ‘   ‘   ‘   ‘                     We should insist on buying commodities "made in Egypt "even if we have to pay a little more.          (commodities)                 –                     "In the 10th of Ramadan city there are 135 plants now in operation and nearly 20.000 flats."                     "X"    "X"    "X"                                      

Verb to be            verb to be       –                                         

 The manger is absent today.

  

        

           Egypt is the heart of the Arab Nation.     

209

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

Skills

4 th Part

                  verb to be             1- Democracy is a corner stone in our world today.         2- The era of despotism is warning away.         3- The wedding was last week.       4- Rolex is a gold watch.       5- A knife is for cutting    

  Nine people were killed  And 112 were injured

                          

                  Seventy-six people were arrested.  Ten thousands were laid off.

Only               only              only             only   Only five members attended the meeting                                                      only               1- Only Ali saw Mona this morning. 2- Ali only saw Mona this morning. 3- Ali saw only Mona this morning. 4- Ali saw Mona only this morning.                 (only)    

Word order                         1- Withdrawal from occupied Arab territories. 2- Withdrawal from territories Arab occupied.              To tighten his grip To do something properly

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MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

     

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Prof In English

4 th Part

Skills

              He is green with jealousy.                             He returned empty-handed      

Adjective   Heavy clouds and rains.              –    –        Heavy clouds and Heavy rains.                                                                                      International peace and security.          

   

Vocabulary for Translation Tourism  tourist tourist information go on a tour national income a conducted tour provide employment tourist awareness sight-seeing museums the ancient Egyptians traveller civilized behaviour temples and mosques tourism industry Pharaonic remains the mark of civilization baggage/luggage feasts tourist hotels embalment

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                                       

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

tourist villages tour advertise guide The ancient remains Tourist agency Ministry of tourism monuments pharaohs the valley of kings go on journey cruise hard currency book = reserve the citadel voyage flight booking clerk obelisk Health tourism

   –     –                            

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Prof In English cultural tourism conference tourism group tourism tourist industry tourist class tourist sites holy places home tourism

               

Skills Sport tourism individual tourism religious tourism tourist sector Immoral remains traditions curative tourism nature reserves

th 4 Part               

Science  – Space  – Culture  invent inventor discover discovery scientific research symptoms eliminate illiteracy ignorant refrigerator washing machine electric iron examine artificial satellite technology Factory industrialism manufacture

                     

inventions inventiveness discoverer elements scientist civilized society ignorance ignore heater cooker electric fan diagnose miracles inventions industry industrialize consumer

                    

Mass Media        TV serials  director  criticize  criticism  romantic  rumour   recommend  classicism   TV viewers  humour   communication means  amusement  introduce   candid Camera press journalist editor  in  chief

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journalism editor news agency producer critic critical author realistic films public relations classic TV screen introduction interpreter free press owe to postpone on air

                         

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4 th Part

Skills

Sports  physical fitness different games practise exercises team work sportsmanship sporting club gold medal training suit support introvert crowd compete with audience TV viewers youth services winner swimming boxing wrestling tennis summer camps competitor

                 –                   

weight activities do exercises sporting spirit sports day playground silver medal amateurs Olympic games extrovert cycling supporters spectators youth organization youth welfare the beaten swimmer boxer wrestler world cup finals rowing competition

                                

Economy  the economic open door policy      economic crisis  economical   economist   economic system  unemployment   health services   shortage of food    new world order   ideal society   housing problem  population explosion   crowded with   family planning   national economy double the national production    encourage private sector   

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over population problem     economy  economise welfare and prosperity     self-reliance    unemployed   health insurance   self sufficiency   economic progress  socialism   transport problem   over-crowdedness   birth control   increase   living expenses rationalize the consumption   provide job opportunities   

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Prof In English living expenses encourage investment economic grouping economic slump bank loan cost price lend economic wealth financial aid foreign investment

Skills

                  

economic recovery control unemployment raw materials foreign trade budget borrow a currency crisis local currency barter credit card

th 4 Part                  

Transport  plane comfortable departure lounge take off / land run ways carriage sign prohibition miss lorry side street quay conductor tunnel railway station

      –   –     –   –            

ship uncomfortable air crash take off – landing public means of transport    no parking catch avenue ban – prohibit city center Time table private car cross-roads traffic instructions

      –        –           

Peace  – War  - Policy  peaceful solutions urgent solutions abolish terrorist extremist violent disaster corruption side with democracy victory the top event declare reject aggression praise

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                      

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

repressive measures uproot combat = fight terror violence penalties international issues hostility social justice Arab Gulf politicians Arab Leaders Strategic goal aggressive policy aggressor new press law

                        

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Prof In English debate seminars release=set free safety and security national duty foreign policy foreign minister summit conference suicidal action refugees military aids the agenda embassy cease-fire martyrs occupied land peace-loving nations

security council peaceful co-existence consciousness freezing the situation opponents

 –                             

  

      

Skills extremism

  celebrate  hostages   Arab nationalism   current event   Prim minister  delegation  declaration  commando  resistance   permanent peace   political settlement   Peace treaty  Occupation  initiative  negotiations   peaceful means United Nations Organization      the present situation   election campaign  chaos

 –    national duty commit crimes the Egyptian sovereignty oppression   Instability

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MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

4 thPart

    

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

Skills

Translations for Homework

4 th Part

(1) a) Translate into Arabic: Every citizen should have a role in his country. So we shouldn’t expect the government to do everything for us. We have to think about our problems, offer solutions and help solve them. b) Translate into English:               .         (2) a) Translate into Arabic: Education is much more than only learning facts. The most important thing in education is thinking. Thinking helps us to solve our problems using creative methods. b) Translate into English:               .              (3) a) Translate into Arabic: The problem of overpopulation has occupied the minds of economists. They believe that the world would face starvation if people go on increasing in number, the same way they do now. Moreover, the progress in the medical field has reduced death rate. b) Translate into English:              .            (4) a) Translate into Arabic: Smoking is very dangerous to health. It has serious effects on lungs and may cause cancer. It also harms non-smokers. b) Translate into English:                      (5) a) Translate into Arabic: Travelling abroad is a real pleasure. We see many countries of the world and get in touch with the people of other nations. Through these visits we learn more about other nations’ customs and traditions. b) Translate into English:            .              (6) a) Translate into Arabic: Healthy food should include vitamins and proteins. It has to be fresh and low in fat and salt. It should never contain harmful chemical additives. b) Translate into English:              .        

216

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

Skills (7)

4 th Part

a) Translate into Arabic: There is a great advance in the field of medicine. Today, epidemics are rare and easily resisted. People enjoy healthier life than their ancestors did. So, we should be grateful to those who changed our life to the better. b) Translate into English:             .            (8) a) Translate into Arabic: Smoking is an extremely dangerous habit. Doctors usually warn people of smoking as they have found that it causes cancer and other fatal diseases. However, some smokers find it difficult to get rid of this terrible habit. b) Translate into English:                .          (9) a) Translate into Arabic: Illiteracy is the main cause of all the suffering that the developing countries face nowadays. Therefore, the government of these countries should do their best to put an end to such enemy of progress and prosperity. b) Translate into English:               .          (10) a) Translate into Arabic: The government always tries to increase production in all fields. In agriculture, for instance, it has prepared a plan for land reclamation. It has obtained loans in order to be able to use machines in agriculture projects. b) Translate into English:                           (11) a) Translate into Arabic: Computers are being used more and more in the world today for the simple reason that they are more efficient than human beings. They have memories and can store huge amounts of information. In fact, computers can do many things we do, but faster and better. b) Translate into English:                           (12) a) Translate into Arabic: Ibn Sina was a great Arab thinker and doctor. Most of his books were translated into Latin and studied in many European universities. This is because his study of medicine was based upon experiments. b) Translate into English:                         

217

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

Skills (13)

4 th Part

a) Translate into Arabic: The discoveries and the inventions of science have brought about great changes in our lives in this country. You have only to think of the development of air transport, television and electrical power to realize what we owe to scientists. b) Translate into English:                               (14) a) Translate into Arabic: Some of the most important aims of education are to build the Egyptian citizen and to create a productive society. It also aims at preparing a generation who is able to face the future and make the best use of modern technology. b) Translate into English:                                  (15) a) Translate into Arabic: When you plant a tree, you are helping your environment. Your tree will hold the soil together. It will provide shade in the summer and be a source of relief on hot days. b) Translate into English:                           (16) a) Translate into Arabic: We can learn a lot by traveling. At school we learn geography and it tells us about other countries. When we visit a foreign country, we see a different kind of life and listen to new ideas. b) Translate into English:                        (17) a) Translate into Arabic: Millions of people are suffering very badly from hunger in the poorer countries of the world. The world produces enough food to feed everyone, but it does not reach all those who need it. b) Translate into English:                           (18) a) Translate into Arabic: Start your day by drinking two glasses of water and drink at least six to eight more during the rest of the day. Water is absolutely vital for the body to function properly. Water also helps to clean the body, so one should take a daily bath. b) Translate into English:                          

218

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

4 th Part

Skills (19)

a) Translate into Arabic: Our deserts are one of our chief sources of wealth. If we give them due care, we can increase our national income and solve many of our problems by increasing the cultivated land and finding new jobs for our health. b) Translate into English:                           (20) a) Translate into Arabic: Industry, agriculture and tourism are the main sources of our national income. Great projects are carried out to develop these sources. In the field of industry, the Egyptian products are a source of pride for all of us. b) Translate into English:                    

Translate into English: [answered]               The government does its best to enable the Egyptian citizen to face the rising cost of living.                    The government makes a great effort to reclaim part of the desert and change it into green fields to provide food security for every citizen.                    The government encourages local industries so that we can do without a lot of imports which need hard currency.                Television has a great influence on children so it must increase their culture in a simple and interesting way.                 The government is trying to provide the people with what they need in every way. This requires the increase of production and birth control.              The noise which is caused by modern civilization has a bad effect on our hearing.               We mustn't disturb patients or students who study their lessons by keeping quiet.                      Doctors have proved that those who don’t smoke at all live a longer and healthier life. So, the number of those who smoke has greatly decreased.                  Writers and scientists receive valuable prize every year in a great ceremony. The president attends it to give them their prizes.                Interest in education and science has become one of the most important aims that the Arab Republic of Egypt tries to achieve.

219

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

th 4 Part            

Skills

The government carries out a lot of projects to solve the problem of public transport in Cairo.           Modern means of transport help trade to grow and flourish.                           At present, no country can stand in isolation from other countries. No country can produce all the food that it needs.                    We have to learn how to live with other people. Every individual differs from others in many aspects (respects).                  Science has rendered valuable services to humanity. Man has been able to reach the moon after his the space conquest.             The nuclear power is used in the fields of medicine industry, agriculture and generating electricity.               Television has become a means of spreading knowledge. Both the old and the young enjoy watching it.                 Over-population is a problem that faces all developing countries. It hampers their progress especially when their natural resources are limited.                 Increasing production and improving is quality are the only way to achieve an income which helps to raise the standard of living.                  The Suez Canal is the greatest water way between East and west. It has become an important source of national income.            Honesty comes at the top of the salient characteristics of a virtuous man.             Modern inventions enable use to lead a better and more comfortable life.               Tourists come to Egypt to enjoy seeing the old pharaonic temples, the museums and the historic places.             Social justice is the basic condition for peace and stability.           Giving up bad habits needs/ requires a strong will.              Sports and games strengthen our bodies and refresh our minds and teach us co-operation patience and love of our country.            Atomic energy is a source of good to man if it is well exploited.                   It is normal for Egypt to have strong relations with all countries because it is a pioneering country in all fields.              Computer skills are very necessary to face the severe competition in the labour market.

220

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

th 4 Part             

Skills

The progress of nations is measured by how much they are interested in the different kinds of environmental issues.                   Wedding ceremonies are important occasions in every country. Wedding traditions differ from one country to another.                     Science fiction is usually a serious attempt to write about how life will be like in the future or in another world.           I like going to the opera to enjoy fine music.                   Scientists do a lot of research to make full use of renewable sources of energy such as water, wind and nuclear energy.              My favourite hobby is reading imaginary stories and listening to music.           Every day scientists offer something new for the welfare of mankind.           Next year, the shape and content of the school book will be changed.             The interest in developing education is one of the most important goals that Egypt seeks to achieve.         Civilization flourishes well during peace times. .                 The government provides young people with opportunities for work and earning their living by offering them loans to set up their own projects.

221

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

4 th Part

Skills

                                                                                               

                                                      Capital                          topic sentence                                                                                                          

     (the end)  

    (subject matter)  

                                                                     (punctuation)      My favourite                  – game

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MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

4 th Part

Skills

 The end               (summary)                                                  

                    1) We all agree that …………….... is one of the most important things in our life and has it is vital role nowadays .                 2) We all admit the importance and necessity of ………….... in our life.         3) No wonder if we say that ……. has (have) its good and positive effects on us.              4) We all agree that ……. is very necessary and plays an important part in our life.              5) We should put into consideration that ……………… has (have) become one of the most important things in everyone's life.                   6) In my opinion, ………………. is really important and necessary nowadays. It may have good and positive effects on all of us. I think so because ……… may bring all the good to our society.                            

        1) I see that ........................... stands for an obstacle in the way of our progress so our state spares no effort to put an end to it.                     2) In my point of view, ……………..... is really serious and harmful nowadays. It may have bad and negative effects on all of us. I think so because ............ may bring all the evil to our society.                              3) There is no doubt that ………….... is one of the most dangerous phenomena in our life and has its bad and negative effects nowadays.                    

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4) Frankly speaking, ………………... is one of the worst things in our life. Thus, our state spares no effort to fight it.                      

                          On one hand In addition to that Above all Hence And as a result Over and above

  One the other hand    Moreover=further more

     

   Thus   At the same time

  

  More than that    Consequently

  

    

            

  

Finally, it is quite clear that …. ….. Is really…….. In brief, I think that ……….… is really ……………… To sum up, one can say that ……… is really ……………

Expressions    T.he effective means   Arab solidarity    Exert great efforts   Step by step   Cultural event   A peace loving   With all means   The privatization   The Palestine Case   Maximum income   The hour’s matter   Day of rage  Thanks to   In enriching   The only way  With the aim of   Mixed results  Initiative   Mother tongue Cairo international book fair       Make contributions    In favour of

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The needs of people The corner stone To close the ranks Strong ties She is good humoured Opposite direction In co-operation with Monopoly of arms I'm not in a hurry Take into consideration It is to your interest I can't help it Don't imagine In this age To cope with Severe shortage The right to vote Sanctions Communicate with Setback In defence Human rights Hold demonstration

                                              

Tel. 01004456752

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Skills

4 th Part

  Pay attention to   Catch up with    At an alarming rate   Side by side   Aware of     Great novelist   The importance of  Artificial lake     Hard work Beauty lovers   For better , for worse misunderstanding    Daily needs     in charge of =responsible for   Primary education     General education University graduates   Secondary education   Free education     Natural disasters Open education   Spiritual values   Masters of art     Economic program Cast his vote   Self-confidence   Land reclamation      Land for peace global economy   Self-sufficiency  Encourage youth   economic conference   Foreign investment   Conquering desert   National project  The increase of production   Deviation      Peace process Free trade area    Recreation  Make great efforts    Morals=ethics Settle disputes      Evidence = proof Political attitude     Knowledge is power Religious programmes   The future generations   Local articles     She did her best     Any time you wish     Ask for an explanation Following the example of     With the exception of A means to an end   Listen secretly    Good manners    Call for help  Arab league      Resulting from Seize power   Reading for all   Resulting in     Education aids Present policy   Less productive   Land reclamation      Two-edge weapon Private firms   Industrial projects   Trade liberation      Lick his wounds Noble winner   Common property   Opinion polls     Fruitful efforts Scholarship   Search and rescue   International waters       Will do more Running for president  Everlasting peace   Thanks to      Anti-Islamic Social services   Egyptian make   Living conditions      Pioneering role Sooner or later   The value of time   Drug addiction     Prosperous society Imported products    Labour force   On board     Air pollution Food security

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MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English Skills Paragraphs Advertisements 

4 th Part

It's a fact that business without advertisements never flourishes. Goods can be advertised in different ways; on TV in newspaper and in magazines, by posters  put up in streets, cinemas, shops and means of transport. In Egypt, advertisements have become an important part of television .Not only do they attract kids  , but the elders as well. Most of them are about fast food, crisps, chocolate ad the like. Some advertisements are about films and plays .Of course they ruin  the pleasure  of watching TV programmes because they are displayed  n the midst  of them. I myself don't like the way they are displayed on TV in Egypt .hey don't reflect  the Egyptian culture at all .Almost all of TV advertisements show merely  dance and nonsense.

Libraries Libraries are placed where we can read or borrow books we can spend a useful time reading in the library , we can find many books of various kinds and standards which satisfy all classes , all tastes and all cultures the library is the best place where a person can be acquainted with the latest researching of brave men , the emotions and feelings of men of arts , in fact , it is a spring of knowledge which is never finished .it is the place where a person finds comfort and relief after the troubles and cares of life . In the library a person can find himself among books which are the best friends of man, through books in libraries we spend our spare time and increase our general knowledge.

How we make use of our deserts We make use of the natural wealth which lies hidden in the bottom of the desert. In the eastern desert, engineers, geologists, experts and laborers prospect for oil and exploit fields. In the deserts near Aswan iron ore is found in large quantities. It is used in the iron and steel industry. The reclamation of the deserts is one of the chief projects carried out in the A.R.E the desert is changed into cultivable land. Thus we can increase the area of the green land. People who live in overpopulated districts settle down in the new reclaimed land. In order to make use of the oases we have to encourage rural industries and facilitate means of transport. Desert plants are of great importance they are used in making medicine. There are many historical places in our deserts. They attract tourists to visit our country.

Global Warming Most people now accept the fact that the world's climate is changing. The carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is increasing mainly because we burn fuels such as oil and gas. The fact that we continue to destroy the rainforests (which take in carbon dioxide and produce oxygen) makes the matter worse. It is now known that the ice at the Arctic and the Antarctic is melting. If this continues, sea levels will rise and some parts of the world will be flooded, making many people homeless. So what can be done? Countries must stop destroying the rainforests and produce less carbon dioxide. We, as individuals, must all reduce the carbon dioxide we produce. This can be done by people using cars only when they have to or by turning down air conditioning in the summer.

226

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English Skills 4 th Part The importance of sports and games" No one can ignore that games and sports are very important in our life .Sports and games are encouraged everywhere in Egypt because they make our bodies strong, prevent us from getting too fat and keep us healthy. Games and sports make people lead a healthy and active life. They can join clubs to Practise their favourite sports, enjoy their time and feel great happiness. Sports and games teach our youth discipline, co-operation, the sense of belonging  and protect them against deviation and taking drugs. It is important for us to get proper exercise in our life. There are many forms of exercises like running, walking, swimming….etc .All these exercise will help us feel our best. It is advisable to do the exercises which are suitable for us .The form of exercise I like to do is running. This exercise is very useful for my muscles .It makes my body strong and renews my activity. It is easy to practise and doesn't cost us any money. We should be keen on doing for improving our health.

English and its importance English is an integral part    of your personality, your character and yourself. Knowledge of good English enables you to communicate with foreign friends and countries. It enables you to find a better job because it helps you express  yourself and deal with tourists freely. We cannot cope with the technological renaissance   without learning how to use the computer and internet so learning English is a must. When you are armed with English, you can understand what is going on around you and you can deal with the knowledge explosion easily   without any fear.

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MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

      Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

Skills

4 th Part

Letter Writing

–––    

 



 st, , ,  Egypt.  ––  

  ( 4th – 11th – 25th  ( th    (1st-21st – 31st – 2nd – 22nd – 3rd – 23 rd –     January = Jan. February = Feb. March April May June July August = Aug. September = Sept. October = Oct. November = Nov. December =Dec

     

Write a letter to your friend Maged to tell him about your family your name is Tamer and you live at 20 Al Nozha street, Cairo.    

your friend tell him about \ invite  your name you live at \ in – your address

  

Maged your family Tamer 20 Al Nozha street, Cairo

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MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

  Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

Skills

4 th Part

   

Dear,   

 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Yours sincerely,  

    Dear,……… How nice it was to hear from you. I hope that you are well and sound better .No one knows how happy and pleased I am the moment I am writing to you .So please allow me to…………………………………………...……………………………………………………………..…… ……………................................................................................................................ ..................................................... ……………….. I am looking forward to hearing from you. Best wishes Yours, 

                             sad and sorry  happy and pleased       1- ……….. so please allow me to express my feelings of happiness (sadness) concerning your……………………….   2- ………… so please allow me to invite you to…………..………… 3- ………… so please allow me to congratulate you on ……………… 4- ………… so please allow me to borrow your………………...….. 5- ………… so please allow me to express my gratitude to you 6- ………… so please allow me to express my apology to you for….. 7- ………… so please allow me to tell you that…………………..….

Introductions    I hope you and your family are fine.

229

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Tel. 01004456752

Prof In English

Skills

 I’d like to invite you to…………...  I’m writing to thank you for (inviting me to………….  It gives me the greatest pleasure to send you this letter………….  I have the pleasure to accept your kind invitation.  I am so sorry I won’t be able to accept your invitation because…  I was so sorry to hear that you (had an accident….)  I’d like to congratulate you on your (success / marriage / birthday)  I am very thankful to you for (your nice present / your kind offer)  Would you please allow me to invite you to………..…  I am so sorry to hear about your illness.

4 th Part

Conclusions    I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon.  With my best wishes.  Give my love to all your family.  Remember me to all at home.  I am looking forward to hearing from you.

Examples 1. Write a letter of about 100 words to an American pen friend, John, asking him to pay a visit to Gazza Strip to see the traces of the Israeli aggression on it. Your name is Ahmed Ali. Dear: John, How are you? I hope you are well. In fact, I'm writing you this letter to ask you to pay a visit to Gaza Strip to see the traces of the Israeli aggression on it. The Palestinians' life has become a hell because of the daily atrocities they are subjected to. The Israeli soldiers treat them in a savage way. They deprive them of their basic rights. Moreover, they destroy their houses. A lot of people have become homeless. Many families have lost their breadwinner. A lot of children have become orphans. Wives have become widows. The international community must do something to put an end to the massacres committed by the Israelis. If you go to Gaza Strip, you will see all these things which no human being approves of. I am looking forward to hearing from you soon. Yours, Ahmed Ali 2. Write an e-mail to your friend Omar Salem saying why cleanliness is a must today. Your name is Hassan Gamal. Dear: Omar Salem, How are you? I hope you are well. In fact, I'm writing you this e-mail to say why cleanliness is a must today. Every year we hear of new diseases and epidemics which spread like fire all over the world. I think the main cause of such epidemics is that most people don't follow the rules of hygiene and sanitation. You find people who throw rubbish in the streets instead of throwing it in the litter baskets which are found everywhere. This attracts flies and germs. Some people don't care about the cleanliness of public gardens, schools, hospitals and the governmental offices. This, of course, contributes greatly to the spread of diseases. I think you agree with me when I say that all human beings should pay attention to personal cleanliness and public cleanliness so that we can put an end to the spread of infectious diseases. I'm looking forward to hearing from you soon. Yours,

230

MR.Muhammad .A. Orabi

Hassan

Tel. 01004456752