Abstract
Stormwater harvesting and reuse in the urban environment is emerging as an alternative water source, despite human pathogens in the stormwater may represent a hazard to public health. This study presents the results of 1-year monitoring to evaluate the quality of stormwater obtained in a high-income neighborhood in Rio de Janeiro for a set of microbiological parameters as total coliforms, Escherichia coli (E. coli), human adenovirus (HAdV), human JC polyomavirus (JCPyV), Group A rotavirus (RVA), and norovirus GI and GII. Forty-eight stormwater samples obtained from two multiplex units presented total coliforms and E. coli in 91.7% (n = 44) and 58.3% (n = 28) of samples, while HAdV and JCPyV were detected in 20.8% (n = 10) and 12.5% (n = 6), respectively. Viral quantification ranged from 103 to 104 genomic copies/liter (GC/L) for HAdV and from 101 to 104 GC/L for JCPyV. Neither RVA nor norovirus GI and GII was detected. Fifteen out of sixteen (93.8%) samples containing viruses were compliant as per fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) according to Brazilian standards for rainwater reuse and US EPA Guidelines for Water Reuse, suggesting that viruses monitoring should complement the study of bacterial indicators.
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Acknowledgements
This study was supported by PAEF2/Oswaldo Cruz Institute, and the Secretariat of the Department of Health Surveillance, Ministry of Health (process number Nº 25030.000930/2015-21). MP Miagostovich is a fellow of the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq). This research study is under the scope of the activities of Fiocruz as a collaborating center of PAHO/WHO of Public and Environmental Health. This manuscript was registered in the “National System for the Management of Genetic Heritage and Associated Traditional Knowledge – SysGen” in compliance with the Brazilian Law N° 13123/2015 and its regulations, under the registration number A32A342.
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Marize Pereira Miagostovich is a CNPq fellow and got funding from the CNPq (National Council of Technological and Scientific Development); SVS—Ministry of Health n° 015/2015; and PAEF 2 – Instituto Oswaldo Cruz.
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All authors critically revised the article for important intellectual content and approved all components of the final draft. TS contributed with performing, developing, and designing the sampling methodology, field data collection, visualization of data, and writing the original draft. FCF and MMAP performed the concentration processes of the samples. SSMJ performed the molecular techniques. LGPM performed the JC Polyomavirus phylogenetic analysis. ST, WA, and JS reviewed the manuscript and provided scientific insights. CRVM contributed with the supervision and manuscript review and provided scientific insights. MPM contributed to the project management and funding.
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Shubo, T., Maranhão, A.G., Ferreira, F.C. et al. Microbiological characterization of stormwater in a high-income neighborhood in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Environ Monit Assess 194, 51 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-021-09677-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-021-09677-9