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Carbon Nanomaterials in Electrochemical Biodevices

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Advances in Bioelectrochemistry Volume 5

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Abstract

A biosensor is a measuring system that contains a biological receptor unit that is highly selective for target analytes (DNA/RNA, proteins, or simple chemicals like glucose or hydrogen peroxide). Carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) are appealing possibilities for enhancing biosensor sensitivity while maintaining low detection limits due to their ability to immobilize a high number of bioreceptor units in a small space while also acting as a transducer. Furthermore, CNMs can be functionalized and conjugated with organic compounds or metallic nanoparticles; the generation of surface functional groups leads to the formation of nanomaterials with novel capabilities (electrical, physical, chemical, optical, and mechanical). CNMs have been frequently used in biosensor applications due to their fascinating features. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon fibers (CFs) are used as scaffolds for biomolecule immobilization at their surfaces, as well as transducers for signal conversion involved in biological analyte recognition. This chapter provides an in-depth examination of the synthesis and functionalization of CNMs, as well as their potential applications in electrochemical devices (based primarily on the detection of current, potential, impedance, or other electrical property).

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Abbreviations

ACF :

Activated Carbon Fibers

AuNPS :

Gold Nanoparticles

CB :

Carbon Black

CDs :

Carbon Dots

CFRPs :

Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites

CFs :

Carbon Fibers

CND :

Carbon Nanodiamonds

CNH :

Carbon Nanohorns

CNM :

Carbon Nanomaterials

CNT :

Carbon Nanotubes

CPEs :

Carbon Paste Electrodes

CuNPs :

Cooper Nanoparticles

CVD :

Chemical Vapor Deposition

DA :

Dopamine

DNA :

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

DWCNTs :

Double-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

ECoG :

Electrocorticography

EIS :

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy

FSCV :

Fast-Scan Cyclic Voltammetry

GCE :

Glassy Carbon Electrode

GNR :

Graphene Nanoribbons

GPCF :

General-Purpose Carbon Fibers

GQDs :

Graphene Quantum Dots

HBC :

Hydroxypropyl-B-Cyclodextrin

HM :

High Modulus

HPCF :

High-Performance Carbon Fibers

HT :

Standard Modulus

IM :

Intermediate Modulus

LM :

Low Modulus

LOD :

Limit Of Detection

LUMO :

Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital

MIP :

Molecular Imprinted Polymer

MWCNT :

Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

NCNTAs :

Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanotube Arrays

PAN :

Polyacrylonitrile

PB :

Prussian Blue Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3

POC :

Point-of-care

RNA :

Ribonucleic Acid

RSD :

Relative Standard Deviation

SWCNT :

Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

UA :

Uric Acid

UHM :

Ultra-High Modulus

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  1. São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil

    Thiago da Costa Oliveira & Steffane Quaresma Nascimento

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  1. Thiago da Costa Oliveira
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  1. University of Sao Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil

    Frank N. Crespilho

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da Costa Oliveira, T., Nascimento, S.Q. (2023). Carbon Nanomaterials in Electrochemical Biodevices. In: Crespilho, F.N. (eds) Advances in Bioelectrochemistry Volume 5. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10832-7_3

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