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Genomic Diversity of 75 Communities in India

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Genomic Diversity in People of India

Abstract

Alu Kurumba has an ancestor cult, which is their mythic ancestors called Kurupade—Tayi (Mother of the multiple or Army of the Alu Kurumbas). According to census (2011), the total strength of Alu Kurumba were 6823, out of which 3380 were males and 3443 were females (sex ratio = 1019). They are inhabitants of the Nilgiri district, Tamil Nadu. They speak a dialect of the Dravidian language among themselves, which has close resemblance with Kannada, but they communicate in Tamil with others. The Alu Kurumba accepts water and cooked food from other groups of the Kurumba, Toda, Badaga and Irula as well as from other local communities but not from the Kota. Some Kurumba are the officiating priests at Badaga hamlets and fields. Occupationally, the Alu Kurumba are mainly dependent on the forest for their livelihood. Most of these people are plantation labourers, irrespective of sex; some of them have taken up sericulture, bee keeping and horticulture. With regard to the marriage rules; one can marry his mother’s brother’s daughter or father’s sister’s daughter. The Alu Kurumba have several exogamous clans, namely Nagara, Kaigeru, Irapane, Gobeada, Bellega, Neeraga, Bellare, Masole, Macole and Ballaku. Regarding marriage rules, they normally follow monogamy. They are mainly Hindu by religion (Singh 1994). The biological variations like the blood groups, dermatographics and other markers had been studied by various scholars. With regard to finger dermatoglyphics, the distribution of finger patterns among the Alu Kurumba generally show a preponderance of loops (60.91%) followed by whorls (36.84%) (Chakrabartti and Mukherjee 1964). The Pattern Intensity Index shows a higher value of 12.95 among them. Undevia et al. (1981) showed that some tribes of Tamil Nadu had very less incidence (about 4–5%) of colour blindness. Buchi (1959) reported 70.3% taster and 29.7% non-taster with T gene frequency 45.48 and t gene frequency 54.52. Saha et al. (1976) found 20.9% sickle cell trait (HbAS) among the Alu Kurumba. The S gene frequency among Alu Kurumba was 10.46%. With regard to the ABO blood group system, the frequency of O blood group is the highest (59.00%) followed by ‘A’ (28.1%) and ‘B’ (12.9%). The Rh (d) gene is totally absent in this population (Saha 1973). Among the Kurumba of Tamil Nadu, the allele frequencies of HP1 allele are 13.4 and HP2 allele is 86.6. The Alu Kurumba exhibit the 100.0% gene frequency of TFC variant of transferring (Saha et al. 1976). The Alu Kurumba exhibit GC1 (64.40%) and GC2 (35.60%) variant. Among the Kurumbas, there are 13.10% of G6 PD-deficient persons as studied by Saha et al. in 1976. Among the Kurumba, the frequency of Pa gene is 28.10% and Pb gene is 71.90% as studied by Saha et al. 1976. The frequency of PGM1 gene is 44.2% and PGM2 gene is 55.80%. To ascertain the genomic diversity the present study on Alu Kurumba was carried out, and 93 blood samples were collected from the state of Tamil Nadu.

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    Anthropological Survey of India. (2021). Genomic Diversity of 75 Communities in India. In: Genomic Diversity in People of India. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0163-7_7

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