IAFS 2014
AFSN 2014
APMLA 2014
WPMO 2014
Abstract Book
CONTENTS
I.
PROGRAM AT A GLANCE
II. SCIENTIFIC PROGRAM OVERVIEW
007
012
III. ABSTRACT
1. AFSN Keynote Lecture
• SYSTEMATIZED TORTURE AND DEATHS IN CUSTODY
Sherein S. Ghaleb
117
• FORENSIC SCIENCE IN CHINA - AN INTRODUCTION
Lin Chang
118
• TECHNOLOGY VERSUS FUNDAMENTALS: A PATHWAY TO PROFICIENCY IN
CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION
Ross Gardner
119
• FORENSIC SCIENCE IN A VUCA (VOLATILITY, UNCERTAINTY, COMPLEXITY AND
AMBIGUITY) WORLD
Alain Verstraete
120
• TO NEW HORIZONS WITH EVIDENCE AND INTELLIGENCE MORE IMPROVED
TECHNOLOGIES - ANYTHING ELSE?
Kornelia Nehse
121
• MOLECULAR INTELLIGENCE: NEW USES OF MOLECULAR BIO-MARKERS
FOR INVESTIGATIVE PURPOSES
Manfred Kayser
122
2. AFSN Workgroup
(1) October 12 (Sunday)
Crime Scene Investigation
125
DNA
127
Illicit Drugs
132
Toxicology
134
Trace Evidence
141
Quality Assurance & Standards Committee
144
001
(2) October 13 (Monday)
Crime Scene Investigation
145
DNA
147
Illicit Drugs
151
Toxicology
155
Trace Evidence
156
Quality Assurance & Standards Committee
157
(3) October 14 (Tuesday)
Crime Scene Investigation
158
DNA
159
Illicit Drugs
163
Toxicology
164
Trace Evidence
165
Quality Assurance & Standards Committee
166
3. IAFS Keynote Lecture
• NEW HORIZON IN FORENSIC SCIENCES WITH KOREA
Shinmong Kang
201
• CHALLENGES AND TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE FORENSIC SCIENCES
Alastair Ross
202
• THE BRIDGE TO THE PATH FORWARD
Peter Neufeld
203
• THE PROSPECTIVE FUTURE OF FORENSIC SCIENCE
Pierre Margot
204
• DOUGLAS M. LUCAS MEDAL AWARD LECTUR-FORENSIC SCIENCES AND
HUMAN RIGHTS
Duarte Nuno Vieira
205
• IAFS ADELAIDE MEDAL AWARD- SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY MOBILITY
SOLUTIONS – HOW DO WE MANAGE EFFECTIVELY IN THE INFORMATION AGE?
Michael Raymond
206
• IAFS 2005 HONG KONG FORENSIC FOUNDATION LECTURE
- THE GLOBAL PRACTICE OF FORENSIC SCIENCE
Douglas H. Ubelaker
• IAFS 2011 MADEIRA AWARD LECTURE-THE APPLICATION OF FORENSIC
ANTHROPOLOGY TO HUMAN RIGHT INVESTIGATIONS, NEW DIRECTIONS
Luis Fondebrider
002
207
208
4. IAFS Special Session
(1) October 15 (Wednesday)
SPECIAL SESSION 01
Forensic Pathology
211
SPECIAL SESSION 02
Forensic Genetics & Biology
214
SPECIAL SESSION 03
Trace Evidence / Forensic Chemistry
217
SPECIAL SESSION 04
Forensic Pathology
221
SPECIAL SESSION 05
Forensic Genetics & Biology
223
SPECIAL SESSION 06
Trace Evidence / Forensic Chemistry
226
(2) October 16 (Thursday)
SPECIAL SESSION 07
Fingerprint / Scene Investigation
230
SPECIAL SESSION 08
Forensic Anthropology
234
SPECIAL SESSION 09
IOFOS Session - Forensic Odontology
236
SPECIAL SESSION 10
Fingerprint / Scene Investigation
239
SPECIAL SESSION 11
Forensic Anthropology
243
SPECIAL SESSION 12
IOFOS Session - Forensic Odontology
245
SPECIAL SESSION 13
Ethics / Law / Education / QAQC
247
SPECIAL SESSION 14
Mass Disaster
249
SPECIAL SESSION 15
Mass Disaster
252
3rd World Forensic Sciences
257
(3) October 17 (Friday)
SPECIAL SESSION 16
Toxicology / Illicit Drugs
261
SPECIAL SESSION 17
Toxicology / Illicit Drugs
265
SPECIAL SESSION 18
Digital and Multimedia Science / Cyber Forensic /
Questioned Document
268
Forensic Sciences in Korea
271
5. IAFS Oral Presentation
(1) October 15 (Wednesday)
ORAL PRESENTATION 01
Ethics / Law / Education / QAQC (ELQ): Ethics Law Education 279
ORAL PRESENTATION 02
Forensic Anthropology (AP)
281
ORAL PRESENTATION 03
Questioned Document (QD): Handwriting
285
ORAL PRESENTATION 04
Mass Disaster (MD): Generals of DVI, New Methodology of DVI 287
003
ORAL PRESENTATION 05
Forensic Engineering Science / Gun / Firearm (ES / GF):
Traffic Accident
Ethics / Law / Education / QAQC (ELQ): QCQA
289
292
ORAL PRESENTATION 07
Forensic Anthropology (AP)
294
ORAL PRESENTATION 08
Questioned Document (QD): Paper / Ink / Forgery
297
ORAL PRESENTATION 09
Mass Disaster (MD): Role of Forensic Pathology in DVI,
Cases of Mass Disaster
209
Forensic Engineering Science / Gun / Firearms (ES / GF):
Forensic Science / Firearms and explosive
303
ORAL PRESENTATION 06
ORAL PRESENTATION 10
(2) October 16 (Thursday)
ORAL PRESENTATION 11
Forensic Pathology (PT): Forensic Pathology
305
ORAL PRESENTATION 12
Clinical Forensic Medicine (CFM): TBC 1
307
ORAL PRESENTATION 13
Forensic Genetics & Biology (GB): Case study
310
ORAL PRESENTATION 14
Toxicology / Illicit Drugs (TI): Toxicology
312
ORAL PRESENTATION 15
Trace Evidence / Forensic Chemistry (TEC): Isotope &
Trace Metal Analysis
315
Cyber Forensic / Digital and Multimedia Science (CF / DMS):
Image, Video and Audio Science
317
ORAL PRESENTATION 17
Forensic Pathology (PT): Laboratory I
320
ORAL PRESENTATION 18
Clinical Forensic Medicine (CFM): TBC 2
323
ORAL PRESENTATION 19
Forensic Genetics & Biology (GB): New technology
326
ORAL PRESENTATION 20
Toxicology / Illicit Drugs (TI): Toxicology
329
ORAL PRESENTATION 21
Trace Evidence / Forensic Chemistry:
Forensic Polymer Analysis
333
Cyber Forensic / Digital and Multimedia Science (CF / DMS):
Biometry and Human Identification
335
ORAL PRESENTATION 23
Clinical Forensic Medicine (CFM): TBC 3
338
ORAL PRESENTATION 24
Forensic Genetics & Biology (GB): New DNA kit / mRNA
341
ORAL PRESENTATION 25
Forensic Pathology (PT): Laboratory II
344
ORAL PRESENTATION 26
Forensic Anthropology (AP)
347
ORAL PRESENTATION 27
Trace Evidence / Forensic Chemistry (TEC):
Forensic Chemical Analysis
351
ORAL PRESENTATION 16
ORAL PRESENTATION 22
004
ORAL PRESENTATION 28
Cyber Forensic / Digital and Multimedia Science (CF / DMS):
Digital Forensics and Image Engineering
ORAL PRESENTATION 29
Clinical Forensic Medicine (CFM): TBC 4
355
ORAL PRESENTATION 30
Forensic Genetics & Biology (GB): DB
358
ORAL PRESENTATION 31
Forensic Pathology (PT): Engineering in FP, Policy
361
ORAL PRESENTATION 32
Forensic Anthropology (AP)
364
ORAL PRESENTATION 33
Trace Evidence / Forensic Chemistry (TEC): Others
369
ORAL PRESENTATION 34
Cyber Forensic / Digital and Multimedia Science (CF / DMS):
Cyber Forensics
372
AAFS Scientific Session
376
(3) October 17 (Friday)
ORAL PRESENTATION 35
Forensic Pathology (PT): Regional Issue I
396
ORAL PRESENTATION 36
Others
399
ORAL PRESENTATION 37
Forensic Genetics & Biology (GB): NGS / Kinship
400
ORAL PRESENTATION 38
Fingerprint / Scene Investigation (FPR / SI): Fingerprint
403
ORAL PRESENTATION 39
Forensic Odontology (OD):
Forensic odontology and Judicial needs
406
ORAL PRESENTATION 40
Forensic Psychiatry / Behavioral Science (PBS): PBS I
409
ORAL PRESENTATION 41
Forensic Pathology (PT): Regional Issue II
412
ORAL PRESENTATION 42
Others
414
ORAL PRESENTATION 43
Forensic Genetics & Biology (GB): SW & New System
417
ORAL PRESENTATION 44
Fingerprint / Scene Investigation (FPR / SI):
Fingerprint, Accreditation / Training / Education
419
ORAL PRESENTATION 45
Forensic Odontology (OD): Bite mark and Body identification
421
ORAL PRESENTATION 46
Forensic Psychiatry / Behavioral Science (PBS): PBS II
423
ORAL PRESENTATION 47
Forensic Pathology (PT): Forensic Imaging I
425
ORAL PRESENTATION 48
Toxicology / Illicit Drugs (TI): Illicit Drugs
429
ORAL PRESENTATION 49
Forensic Genetics & Biology (GB):
Microbiology & Plant and Other Animal
431
Fingerprint / Scene Investigation (FPR / SI):
Accreditation / Training / Education, Scene Investigation
434
ORAL PRESENTATION 51
Forensic Odontology (OD): Dental Identification
437
ORAL PRESENTATION 52
Forensic Pathology (PT): Forensic Imaging II
438
ORAL PRESENTATION 53
Toxicology / Illicit Drugs (TI): Illicit Drugs
442
ORAL PRESENTATION 54
Forensic Genetics & Biology (GB): Population Genetics
445
ORAL PRESENTATION 55
Fingerprint / Scene Investigation (FPR / SI):
Scene Investigation, Traffic Accident / Gait Analysis / Explosion 448
ORAL PRESENTATION 50
005
6. IAFS Poster Presentation
(1) October 15 (Wednesday)
POSTER PRESENTATION 01 Ethics / Law / Education / QAQC (ELQ)
453
POSTER PRESENTATION 02 Forensic Engineering Science / Gun / Firearms (ES/GF)
461
POSTER PRESENTATION 03 Questioned Document (QD)
468
POSTER PRESENTATION 04 Others
480
POSTER PRESENTATION 05 Forensic Anthropology (AP)
482
(2) October 16 (Thursday)
Forensic Genetics & Biology (GB)
490
POSTER PRESENTATION 07 Clinical Forensic Medicine (CFM)
511
POSTER PRESENTATION 08 Fingerprint / Scene Investigation (FPR / SI)
519
POSTER PRESENTATION 09 Forensic Odontology (OD)
532
POSTER PRESENTATION 10 Forensic Genetics & Biology (GB)
533
POSTER PRESENTATION 11 Mass Disaster (MD)
544
POSTER PRESENTATION 12 Toxicology / Illicit Drugs (TI): Toxicology
546
POSTER PRESENTATION 13 Trace Evidence / Forensic Chemistry (TEC)
568
POSTER PRESENTATION 06
(3) October 17 (Friday)
POSTER PRESENTATION 14 Trace Evidence / Forensic Chemistry (TEC)
575
POSTER PRESENTATION 15 Forensic Pathology (PT)
582
POSTER PRESENTATION 16 Cyber Forensic / Digital and Multimedia Science (CF / DMS)
598
POSTER PRESENTATION 17 Forensic Pathology (PT)
608
POSTER PRESENTATION 18 Forensic Pathology (PT)
614
POSTER PRESENTATION 19 Forensic Psychiatry / Behavioral Science (PBS)
623
POSTER PRESENTATION 20 Toxicology / Illicit Drugs (TI) : Illicit Drugs
636
7. APMLA
006
655
IV. LIST OF SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE
662
V. AUTHOR INDEX
663
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
PROGRAM AT A GLANCE
Oct 12 (Sun)
1F
TIME
104
2F
105
203A
203B
208A
3F
208B
201
E7,8
Registration (08:00-18:00)
08:00
08:30
09:00
AFSN Workgroup Workshop
09:30
10:00
DNA
CSI
TE
QASC
ID
JRR Training
Course
TX
10:30
Break
11:00
AFSN Workgroup Workshop
11:30
12:00
DNA
CSI
TE
QASC
ID
JRR Training
Course
TX
12:30
13:00
Lunch Break
13:30
14:00
AFSN Workgroup Business Meeting
14:30
15:00
DNA
CSI
TE
QASC
ID
TX
ID
TX
JRR Training
Course
15:30
Break
16:00
AFSN Workgroup Business Meeting
16:30
17:00
DNA
CSI
TE
QASC
JRR Training
Course
17:30
18:00
18:30
19:00
19:30
AFSN Retreat
Meeting
(Board with Chairs
& Vice Chairs)
20:00
20:30
[AFSN 2014 ABBREVIATION]
CSI Crime Scene Investigation
DNA DNA
ID
Illicit Drugs
TX
Toxicology
TE
Trace Evidence
QASC Quality Assurances & Standards Committee
007
WFF2014
PROGRAM AT A GLANCE
Oct 13 (Mon)
1F
TIME
101 + 102
104
2F
105
203A
203B
3F
208A
208B
201
E4
E5
E6
E7,8
5
JRR
Training
Course
5
JRR
Training
Course
Registration (08:00-18:00)
08:00
08:30
09:00
IAFS Workshop
AFSN Opening
Ceremony & Keynote
Lecture
09:30
10:00
2
3
10:30
Break
11:00
IAFS Workshop
11:30
Keynote Lecture
12:00
2
3
12:30
13:00
13:30
Technical
Exhibition
AFSN Luncheon
Symposium (Illumina)
14:00
AFSN Workgroup Workshop
14:30
15:00
DNA
CSI
TE
QASC
IAFS Workshop
ID
15:30
4
AFSN Workgroup Workshop
16:30
DNA
CSI
TE
QASC
IAFS Workshop
ID
TX
IFSA
Meeting
4
17:30
18:00
18:30
AFSN
Retreat
Meeting
(Board
Members)
19:00
19:30
20:00
20:30
[AFSN 2014 ABBREVIATION]
CSI Crime Scene Investigation
DNA DNA
ID
Illicit Drugs
008
6
JRR
Training
Course
Break
16:00
17:00
TX
IFSA
Meeting
TX
Toxicology
TE
Trace Evidence
QASC Quality Assurances & Standards Committee
6
JRR
Training
Course
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
Oct 14 (Tue)
1F
TIME
101 + 102
104
2F
105
203A
203B
208A
3F
208B
201
E1
E2
E3
E4
E5
E6
E7,8
Auditorium
Registration (08:00-18:00)
08:00
08:30
09:00
AFSN Workgroup Workshop
09:30
10:00
DNA
CSI
TE
QASC
ID
IAFS Workshop
TX
IFSA
Meeting
18
19
11
12
JRR
Training
Course
14
10:30
Break
11:00
AFSN Workgroup Workshop
11:30
12:00
12:30
13:00
13:30
14:00
DNA
CSI
TE
QASC
ID
IAFS Workshop
TX
IFSA
Meeting
18
19
11
16:30
17:00
17:30
14
IAFS Workshop
AFSN Keynote
Lecture
18
19
11
15:30
16:00
12
AFSN
Luncheon
Symposium
Technical
(Thermofisher
Exhibition
Scientific)
14:30
15:00
* IAFS
Workshop
22
JRR
Place:
Training
Course NFS
Seoul
Time:
08:3017:30
(Meeting
Time
07:30 /
1Fl Grand
Ballroom
JRR
Lobby)
13
15
17
Training
Course
17
JRR
Training
Course
Break
AFSN Closing
Ceremony &
AGM (AGM
is strictly for
AFSN member
institution only)
IAFS Workshop
Elsevier
Workshop
18
19
11
13
15
18:00
Opening
Ceremony
18:30
19:00
19:30
Welcome
Reception
20:00
20:30
[AFSN 2014 ABBREVIATION]
CSI Crime Scene Investigation
DNA DNA
ID
Illicit Drugs
TX
Toxicology
TE
Trace Evidence
QASC Quality Assurances & Standards Committee
009
WFF2014
PROGRAM AT A GLANCE
Oct 15 (Wed)
1F
TIME
101 + 102
103
2F
104
105
208A
208B
3F
204
209
210
Auditorium
Lobby
Registration (07:00 - 18:30)
08:00
08:30
IAFS
Opening &
Keynote
Lecture
09:00
09:30
10:00
Coffee & Tea
10:30
11:00
IAFS
Opening &
Keynote
Lecture
11:30
12:00
12:30
13:00
13:30
Lunch Break
Technical
Exhibition
14:00
IAFS Special Session
14:30
15:00
SS01
(PT)
SS02
(GB)
Oral Presentation
SS03
(TEC)
OP01 (ELQ)
OP02 (AP)
OP03 (QD)
OP04 (MD)
OP05
(ES/GF)
IAFS
Opening &
Keynote
Poster
Lecture Presentation
15:30
Break
16:00
IAFS Special Session
16:30
17:00
SS04
(PT)
17:30
SS05
(GB)
Oral Presentation
OP06 (ELQ)
SS06
(TEC)
OP07
(AP)
OP08 (QD)
OP10 (ES/GF)
OP09
(MD)
Poster
Presentation
18:00
18:30
19:00
19:30
20:00
20:30
[IAFS 2014 ABBREVIATION]
CFM Clinical Forensic Medicine
CF
Cyber Forensic
DMS Digital and Multimedia Science
MD Mass Disaster
ELQ Ethics / Law / Education / QAQC
010
FPR
AP
GF
ES
PT
GB
Fingerprint
Forensic Anthropology
Gun / Firearms
Forensic Engineering Science
Forensic Pathology
Forensic Genetics & Biology
SI
QD
OD
TEC
TI
PBS
Scene Investigation
Questioned Document
Forensic Odontology
Trace Evidence / Forensic Chemistry
Toxicology / Illicit Drugs
Forensic Psychiatry / Behavioral Science
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
Oct 16 (Thu)
1F
TIME
101 + 102
103
2F
104
105
203A
203B
208A
3rd World
Forensic
Sciences
(*Breads
and coffee
will be
provided.)
08:00
08:30
09:00
IAFS Special Session
SS07
(FPR/SI)
208B
204
209
210
201
Auditorium
R1
Lobby
Registration (07:00 - 18:30)
Oral Presentation
09:30
10:00
3F
OP12
OP11 (PT) WPMO
(CFM)
SS09
IOFOS
(OD)
SS08
(AP)
10:30
OP13
(GB)
OP14 (TI)
AAFS
Scientific
Session I
Poster
Presentation
OP15
(TEC)
OP16
(CF/DMS)
OP21
(TEC)
IAFS
AAFS
Board Scientific
OP22
(CF/DMS) Meeting Session I
OP27
(TEC)
AAFS
IAFS
AAFS
Scientific Poster
Board Scientific
OP28
Session Presentation
(CF/DMS) Meeting Session I
II
Coffee & Tea
11:00
IAFS Special Session
11:30
SS10
(FPR/SI)
12:00
Oral Presentation
SS12
IOFOS
(OD)
SS11
(AP)
OP17
(PT)
OP18
WPMO
(CFM)
OP19
(GB)
OP20
(TI)
Poster
Presentation
12:30
13:00
13:30
14:00
14:30
15:00
Lunch Break
Technical
Exhibition
IAFS Special Session
SS10
(FPR/SI)
SS14
(MD)
Oral Presentation
ENFSI
Session
OP25
(PT)
OP23
WPMO
(CFM)
15:30
16:00
16:30
17:00
OP24
(GB)
OP26
(AP)
Break
IAFS Special Session
SS13
(ELQ)
SS15
(MD)
Oral Presentation
ENFSI
Session
17:30
IOFOS
General
Assembly
OP31
(PT)
OP29
WPMO
(CFM)
OP30
(GB)
OP32
(AP)
OP33
(TEC)
OP34
(CF/DMS)
AAFS
IAFS Scientific
Board Session I
Meeting
AAFS
Scientific
Session II
Poster
Presentation
18:00
18:30
19:00
19:30
Gala Dinner
(Floating Island, the Han River)
20:00
20:30
[IAFS 2014 ABBREVIATION]
CFM Clinical Forensic Medicine
CF
Cyber Forensic
DMS Digital and Multimedia Science
MD Mass Disaster
ELQ Ethics / Law / Education / QAQC
FPR
AP
GF
ES
PT
GB
Fingerprint
Forensic Anthropology
Gun / Firearms
Forensic Engineering Science
Forensic Pathology
Forensic Genetics & Biology
SI
QD
OD
TEC
TI
PBS
Scene Investigation
Questioned Document
Forensic Odontology
Trace Evidence / Forensic Chemistry
Toxicology / Illicit Drugs
Forensic Psychiatry / Behavioral Science
011
WFF2014
PROGRAM AT A GLANCE
Oct 17 (Fri)
1F
TIME
101 + 102
103
Oct 18 (Sat)
2F
104
105
203
208A
3F
208B
204
209
210
Auditorium
Lobby
Incheon Airport
Registration (08:00-18:00)
08:00
08:30
09:00
Oral Presentation
IAFS
Special
Session
09:30
10:00
APMLA
Workshop
SS16 (TI)
10:30
OP35
(PT)
OP36
(OTHERS)
OP37
(GB)
Forensic
Sciences Poster
OP38 (FPR/
OP39 (OD) OP40 (PBS)
in
Presentation
SI)
Korea
Coffee & Tea
11:00
IAFS Special
Session
11:30
SS17
(TI)
12:00
Oral Presentation
Forensic
Sciences Poster
OP44
OP45 (OD) OP46 (PBS)
(FPR/SI)
in
Presentation
Korea
APMLA
OP42
SS18
Workshop OP41 (PT) (OTHERS) OP43 (GB)
(DMS/CF/
QD)
12:30
13:00
13:30
Lunch Break
Technical
Exhibition
14:00
14:30
15:00
Oral Presentation
APMLA
Workshop
OP47
(PT)
OP48 (TI) OP49 (GB)
15:30
17:00
Forensic
Sciences Poster
in
Presentation
Korea
Break
16:00
16:30
OP50 (FPR/
OP51 (OD)
SI)
APMLA
2014
Comprehensive
Training
for Airline
Accident
- Mass
Casualties
Management
Training
Oral Presentation
APMLA
Workshop
OP52
(FPR/SI)
OP53
(TI)
OP54
(GB)
Forensic
Sciences Poster
in
Presentation
Korea
OP55 (FPR/
SI)
17:30
18:00
18:30
APMLA
Workshop
19:00
19:30
20:00
20:30
[IAFS 2014 ABBREVIATION]
CFM Clinical Forensic Medicine
CF
Cyber Forensic
DMS Digital and Multimedia Science
MD Mass Disaster
ELQ Ethics / Law / Education / QAQC
012
FPR
AP
GF
ES
PT
GB
Fingerprint
Forensic Anthropology
Gun / Firearms
Forensic Engineering Science
Forensic Pathology
Forensic Genetics & Biology
SI
QD
OD
TEC
TI
PBS
Scene Investigation
Questioned Document
Forensic Odontology
Trace Evidence / Forensic Chemistry
Toxicology / Illicit Drugs
Forensic Psychiatry / Behavioral Science
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
SCIENTIFIC PROGRAM OVERVIEW
TOPIC/SESSION ABBREVIATION
[AFSN 2014]
CSI
Crime Scene Investigation
DNA
DNA
ID
Illicit Drugs
TX
Toxicology
TE
Trace Evidence
QASC
Quality Assurances & Standards Committee
[IAFS 2014]
CFM
CF
Clinical Forensic Medicine
Cyber Forensic
DMS
Digital and Multimedia Science
ELQ
Ethics / Law / Education / QAQC
FPR
Fingerprint
AP
Forensic Anthropology
ES
Forensic Engineering Science
GB
Forensic Genetics & Biology
OD
Forensic Odontology
PT
Forensic Pathology
PBS
Forensic Psychiatry / Behavioral Science
GF
Gun / Firearms
MD
Mass Disaster
SI
Scene Investigation
TI
Toxicology / Illicit Drugs
TEC
Trace Evidence / Forensic Chemistry
QD
Questioned Document
013
WFF2014
SCIENTIFIC PROGRAM OVERVIEW
INVITED SPEAKERS & CHAIRPERSONS
Hee-Joong Ahn
Korea
Simon Djidrovski
France
Jose Almirall
USA
Olaf Drummer
Australia
Joseph Almog
Israel
Anja Einseln
USA
Djaja Surya Atmadja
Indonesia
Uwom Eze
Nigeria
Eric Baccino
France
James A.J. Ferris
New Zealand
Seungkyung Baeck
Korea
Barry A. Fisher
USA
Philip Beh
Hong Kong
Luis Fondebrider
Argentina
Herman Bernitz
South Africa
David Fowler
USA
Joan M. Bienvenue
USA
Julie French
USA
Jo-Anne Bright
New Zealand
John Gall
Australia
Hrvoje Brkic
Croatia
Ross Gardner
USA
John M Butler
USA
Reza Gerretsen
Netherlands
Anton Castilani
Indonesia
Sherein S. Ghaleb
Egypt
Salih Cengiz
Turkey
Joo Hong Goh
Korea
Lin Chang
China
Michael Grabber
USA
Carole E Chaski
USA
Mete Korkut Gülmen
Turkey
Jinseong Cheong
Korea
Hongil Ha
Korea
Helen Cho
USA
Dong-Hwan Har
Korea
Nam-Soo Cho
Korea
Carol Henderson
USA
YoungIl Cho
Korea
Seung Beom Hong
Korea
Byung Ha Choi
Korea
Hans-Joachim Huebschmann
Singapore
Donmook Choi
Korea
Marilyn Huestis
USA
Jihun Choi
Korea
Hoang Manh Hung
Vietnam
Yeongsik Choi
Korea
Seung Yong Hwang
Korea
Byung-Won Chun
Korea
Morio Iino
Japan
Heesun Chung
Korea
Kazuhiko Imaizumi
Japan
Ki-Wha Chung
Korea
Daniel Isenschmid
USA
Nak-Eun Chung
Korea
Akira Ishii
Japan
John Clark
UK
Yunsik Jang
Korea
Stephen Cordner
Aaustralia
Jiyeong Jo
Korea
Jame M. Curran
New Zealand
James Kalougivaki
Fiji Islands
Ogail El Nour Sewar El Dahab
Sudan
Shinmong Kang
Korea
014
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
Cheryl Katzmarzyk
Canada
SungGi Lee
Korea
Manfred Kayser
Netherlands
U-Young Lee
Korea
Magdy kharoshah
Egypt
Yung Hyeock Lee
Korea
Chong-Youl Kim
Korea
Ruediger Lessig
Germany
Donghwan Kim
Korea
Si-Keun Lim
Korea
EunMi Kim
Korea
THiam Bon Lim
Singapore
Hyungseok Kim
Korea
Shuo Liu
China
Il Pyeong Kim
Korea
Dougla. M. Lucas
Canada
Jin W. Kim
Korea
Mohd Shah Mahmood
Malaysia
Jong-Jin Kim
Korea
Pierre Margot
Switzerland
SungHo Kim
Korea
Thomas. K. Marshall
UK
Youn Shin Kim
Korea
Daniel A. Martell
USA
Tsutomu Kiryu
Japan
Stephen Michielsen
USA
Carl KK Leung
Hong Kong
Christopher Milroy
Canada
Claus Klein
Germany
Jisook Min
Korea
Ralph Kleuskens
Netherlands
Fabio Monticelli
Austria
Marek Kotrlý
Czech Republic
Niels Morling
Denmark
Kewal Krishan
India
Ashraf Mozayani
USA
Bok Kyu Kwon
Korea
Geummun Nam
Korea
Mia Kwon
Korea
Kornelia Nehse
Germany
James P Landers
USA
Peter Neufeld
USA
Üllar Lanno
Estonia
Kurt Nolte
USA
Bong Woo Lee
Korea
Arash Okazi
Iran
Heejo Lee
Korea
Scott R. Oulton
USA
Henry Lee
USA
Chris Palenik
USA
Insoo Lee
Korea
Chan-Seong Park
Korea
Jaesin Lee
Korea
Dae-Kyoon Park
Korea
Joong Lee
Korea
Jisun Park
Korea
Kang-Bong Lee
Korea
JongTae Park
Korea
Kyung-Lyong Lee
Korea
Meejung Park
Korea
Sang Seob Lee
Korea
Seh Youn Park
Korea
Sang-jun Lee
Korea
Seong Hwan Park
Korea
Seung-Hwan Lee
Korea
Won Boon Park
USA
Soong Deok Lee
Korea
YongChul Park
Korea
015
WFF2014
SCIENTIFIC PROGRAM OVERVIEW
YoungChul Park
Korea
Tadeusz Tomaszewski
Poland
Jason Payne-James
UK
Douglas H. Ubelaker
USA
Clifford Perera
Sri Lanka
Maiken Ueland
Australia
Paul Philp
USA
Andres Patiño Umaña
Colombia
Vilma Pinchi
Italy
Petra Urbanova
Czech Republic
Haskell Pitluck
USA
Andras Vamos-Goldman
Switzerland
Douglas H. Posey
USA
Marcel van der Steen
Netherlands
Aimee Qulia
USA
Alain Verstraete
Belgium
Michael Raymond
Australia
Duarte Nuno Vieira
Portugal
Jongsook Rhee
Korea
Worawee Waiyawuth
Thailand
Alastair Ross
Australia
Victor Weedn
USA
Claude Roux
Australia
Brian Yamashita
Canada
Nor Aidora Saedon
Malaysia
Kyungmoo Yang
Korea
Ananda Samarasekera
Sri Lanka
Angeline Yap
Singapore
Pekka Saukko
Finland
Ho Bin Yim
Korea
Carl J. Schmidt
USA
Seongho Yoo
Korea
Hanseo Seo
Korea
Chang-Lyuk Yoon
Korea
Young-Il Seo
Korea
Hyesun Yum
Korea
Kyoung-Jin Shin
Korea
Renata Zbiec
Poland
Ronald L. Singer
USA
Timothy Zolandz
USA
Candice Small
South Africa
Peter D. Zoon
Netherlands
Tore Solheim
Norway
Dawnie Steadman
USA
Maimonah Sulaiman
Malaysia
Osamu Suzuki
Japan
Christopher SYN (Kiu Choong)
Singapore
Yoshihiro Takaesu
Japan
Takehiko Takatory
Japan
Justice Tettey
Austria
Michael Thali
Switzerland
Patrick Thevissen
Belgium
Keller Thomas
Austria
Morris Tidball-Binz
Switzerland
W. J. Tilstone
UK
016
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
SCIENTIFIC PROGRAM
Grand Ballroom 105 (1F)
BUSINESS MEETING (CSIWG)
October 12 (Sunday)
Grand Ballroom 104 (1F)
09:00-12:30
WORKSHOP DAY 1 CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION (CSIWG)
CHAIRPERSON
Shuo Liu (China)
09:00-09:10
WELCOME SPEECH & GREETING
Shuo Liu
DNA 1-1
09:00-09:40
PROFILING OF EAST ASIAN-SPECIFIC SNP MARKERS
FROM NGS (WHOLE EXOME SEQUENCING) DATA
Ki Wha Chung1, Seong Yeon Yoo2, Sung Min Kim1, Nam Soo
Cho2
09:10-10:30
Alastair Ross
National Institute of Forensic Science, Australia New Zealand
Policing Advisory Agency (ANZPAA), Australia
11:00-11:30
WORKSHOP I : CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION –
PRINCIPLES AND CONTEMPORARY PRACTICE - PART II
Alastair Ross
National Institute of Forensic Science, Australia New Zealand
Policing Advisory Agency (ANZPAA), Australia
CSI 1-3
Nor Aidora Saedon (Malaysia)
Department of Biological Science, Kongju National University,
Gongju, Korea (South); 2Forensic DNA Division, National Forensic
Service, Wonju, Korea (South)
WORKSHOP I : CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION –
PRINCIPLES AND CONTEMPORARY PRACTICE - PART I
CSI 1-2
CHAIRPERSON
1
Institute of Forensic Science, China
CSI 1-1
09:00-12:30
WORKSHOP DAY 1 - DNA (DNAWG)
AFSN Workgroup Workshop
Grand Ballroom 105 (1F)
14:00-17:30
11:30-12:00
DNA 1-2
09:40-10:00
DNASCAN™ RAPID DNA ANALYSIS™ GENERATION
OF STR PROFILES FROM BUCCAL SWABS AND BLOOD
SAMPLES: PRESENTATION OF DUBAI POLICE CRIME
LABORATORY DATA
Farida Al Shamali1, Eugene Tan2
General Department of Forensic Science and Criminology, Dubai
Police Crime Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates; 2Product
Development, Netbio, Waltham, Massachusetts, United States
1
DNA 1-3
10:00-10:20
A MULTIPLEX SYSTEM OF AUTOSOMAL AND Y
CHROMOSOME STRS INTEGRATED WITH ABO TYPING
FOR FORENSIC DNA ANALYSIS
THE INVESTIGATION AND ANALYSIS OF THE BALLISTIC
IMPACET TRACES ON THE FELTED CLOTH
Le Wang, Feng Wang, Man Chen, Xue Bai, Yi-Ren Yao, XingChun Zhao, Jian Ye
Aoyang Yu
Center for Applied Forensic Science and Technology, Institute of
Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, China
Race Examination Technology Department, China Criminal Police
College, Shenyang, China
CSI 1-4
12:00-12:30
CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION, TRAINING AND
COLLABORATION
Wee Chuan Yeo1, Peter Wilson1, Jason Loke Choy Seng2
Forensic Chemistry & Physics Laboratory, Health Sciences
Authority, Singapore; 2Singapore Police Force, Criminal
Investigation Department, Forensics Division, Singapore
1
DNA 1-4
10:20-10:40
SUCCESSFUL PCR BASED DNA ANALYSIS OF HIGHLY
DEGRADED HUMAN REMAINS - AN ANCIENT DNA
APPROACH
Ruwan Illeperuma
Molecular Forensics, Genetech, Colombo 08, Sri Lanka
DNA 1-5
11:10-11:30
DISASTER VICTIM IDENTIFICATION THROUGH DNA
ANALYSIS USING BONE SAMPLES
Lorna Santos, Franklin Dela Cruz, Marie Cerise Elyn Aguilar
Crime Laboratory, Philippine National Police, Quezon City,
017
WFF2014
Philippines
DNA 1-6
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Austria
11:30-11:50
ID 1-2
09:45-10:45
DEVELOPMENT OF LOCALIZED AUTOSOMAL AND Y
CHROMOSOMAL STR PCR KIT
Jeong Eun Sim1, Hye Yeon Kim1, Sera Kim2, Young Se Hyun3,
Kyoung-Jin Shin4, Young Geun Yang2, Soong Deok Lee5, Su
Jeong Park1
CHALLENGES OF NPS LEGISLATION IN USA AND
CURRENT TRENDS
Scott Oulton
DNA Forensic Division, Supreme Prosecutors' Office, Seoul,
Korea (South); 2BioQuest, Inc., Seoul, Korea (South); 3Department
of Biological Science, Kongju National University, Gongju, Korea
(South); 4Department of Forensic Medicine, Yonsei University
College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (South); 5Department of
Forensic Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine,
Seoul, Korea (South)
ID 1-3
1
DNA 1-7
11:50-12:10
Drug Enforcement Administration, USA
11:15-11:30
TRADITIONAL DRUG AND NPS ABUSE IN ASIA
Angeline Yap
Health Sciences Authority, Singapore
ID 1-4
11:30-11:50
CHALLENGES OF ANALOGUE LEGISLATION IN KOREA
Jaesin Lee
REPORTABILITY OF CONTACT DNA MIXED PROFILES:
AN ASSESSMENT FROM CASEWORK CONTACT STAINS
Lay Hong Seah
Drug & Forensic Toxicology Division, National Forensic Service,
Wonju, Korea (South)
Head of DNA Serious Crime Unit, Department of Chemistry
Malaysia, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
CHALLENGES OF GENERIC LEGISLATION IN
SINGAPORE
Wendy Lim, Angeline Yap
DNA 1-8
12:10-12:30
EXPLORATION OF THE RELATION BETWEEN RYR2 GENE
AND SUDDEN UNEXPLAINED CARDIAC DEATH AMONG
YOUNG CHINESE PEOPLE
Yunyun Wang1, Qian Liu1, Liang Liu1, 2, Yan Liu1, Liang Ren1,
Shaohua Zhu1
Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College,
Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China;
2
Key Laboratory of Evidence Science, China University of Political
Science and Law, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
1
ID 1-5
11:50-12:10
Illicit Drugs Division, Health Sciences Authority, Singapore
ID 1-6
12:10-12:30
UNODC ICE PROGRAMME
Justice Tettey
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Austria
208A (2F)
14:00-17:30
BUSINESS MEETING (IDWG)
Grand Ballroom 104 (1F)
14:00-17:30
BUSINESS MEETING (DNAWG)
208A (2F)
09:00-12:30
CHAIRPERSON
Angelina Yap (Singapore)
09:00-09:05
WELCOME BY CHAIR, IDWG
Angeline Yap
018
TX 1-1
09:05-09:45
09:00-09:15
PREVALENCE OF BENZODIAZEPINES DETECTED IN
CASES OF DRUG FACILITATED CRIME
Patramon Yongpanich
Toxicology Division, Institute of Forensic Medicine, Bangkok,
Thailand
TX 1-2
Health Sciences Authority, Singapore
UNODC EARLY WARNING ADVISORY ON NPS
Justice Tettey
09:00-12:30
WORKSHOP DAY 1 - TOXICOLOGY (TXWG)
WORKSHOP DAY 1 - ILLICIT DRUGS (IDWG)
ID 1-1
208B (2F)
09:15-09:35
CASE STUDIES: MULTI-DRUG INTOXICATION
INVOLVING METHYLONE, METHYLETHCATHINONE
AND METHOXETAMINE
Yu Ting Liow, Yi Ju Yao
Analytical Toxicology Laboratory, Health Sciences Authority,
Singapore
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
TX 1-3
09:35-09:55
SENSITIVE ANALYTICAL METHOD OF NEREISTOXIN
USING MIXED-MODE CATIONIC EXCHANGE SOLIDPHASE EXTRACTION AND GC-MS
Yujin Park, Heesang Lee, Jiyeong Jo, Sang-Whan In, Eunmi
Kim, Sanggil Choe
Forensic Chemistry Division, Busan Institute, National Forensic
Service, Yangsan 626-815, Korea (South)
TX 1-4
09:55-10:15
ANALYSIS OF SYNTHETIC CANNABINOID
METABOLITES IN HUMAN URINE BY LIQUID
CHROMATOGRAPHY-TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY
TX 1-9
11:55-12:15
DISTRIBUTION OF CYANIDE AND CO-HB IN THE MASS
FIRE VICTIMS AT THE BUS TERMINAL
Juseon Lee, Sehyoun Park, Sujin Jeong, Hyesun Yeom,
Sungmin Moon, Minji Kang, Jungjun Kim, Seungkyung Baeck
Narcotics, Forensic Toxicology and Chemistry Division, National
Forensic Service, seoul, Korea (South)
TX 1-10
12:15-12:30
AUTOMATED SIMULTANEOUS ANALYSIS OF
AMPHETAMINES AND KETAMINE AND ITS
METABOLITE IN URINE VIA ON-LINE DPX-UPLC-MS/MS
Evelyn Goh, Jye Ing Soah, Hooi Yan Moy, Chi Pang Lui
Chock Ying Soo, Hian Twan Chang, Hooi Yan Moy, Jordan Ong,
Faridah Salleh, Yi Ju Yao, Chi Pang Lui
Analytical Toxicology Laboratory, Analytical Toxicology Division,
Health Sciences Authority, Singapore
Analytical Toxicology Laboratory, Analytical Toxicology Division,
Health Sciences Authority, Singapore
TX 1-5
10:15-10:30
THE DETERMINATION OF GRAYANOTOXINS IN THE
SEIZED MAD HONEY BY LC-MS/MS
Su Youn Ahn1, Haeyoung Choi1, Hyejin Chang1, Dongwoo Kim2,
Sanghee Woo3, Suncheun Kim1
Drug and Forensic Toxicology, Daejeon institute, National
Forensic Service, Daejeon, Korea (South); 2Drug and Forensic
Toxicology, Gwangju institute, National Forensic Service,
Gwangju, Korea (South); 3Drug and Forensic Toxicology, National
Forensic Service headquarters, Wonju, Korea (South)
208A (2F)
BUSINESS MEETING (TXWG)
203A (2F)
1
TX 1-6
11:00-11:15
DETERMINATION OF NICOTINE AND ITS METABOLITES
IN FORENSIC SPECIMENS : A NICOTINE POISONING BY
INGESTION OF E-CIGARETTES LIQUID
Gundong You, Jongsook Rhee, Yuran Park, Sunhye Park,
Sangheui Woo, Yonghoon Park
Drug & Forensic Toxicology Division, National Forensic Service,
Wonju-Si, Korea (South)
TX 1-7
11:15-11:35
SURVEILLANCE OF STREET ANTI-OBESITY DRUG IN
THAILAND
Rujira Boonsong, Dhokrak Khontong, Songpol Srinual, Verachai
Kaewpaluek, Udomsak Hoonwijit
Forensic Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
TX 1-8
11:35-11:55
HIGH CONCENTRATIONS OF DIAZEPAM AND
ESTAZOLAM DETECTED IN A DISGUISED SUICIDE CASE
AS PARAQUAT POISONING
14:00~15:30
09:00-12:30
WORKSHOP DAY 1 - TRACE EVIDENCE (TEWG)
CHAIRPERSON
Jisook Min (Korea)
09:00-09:10
OPENING SPEECH/WELCOME SPEECH
TE 1-1
09:10-09:30
DISCRIMINATING AND CLASSIFYING OF
BOROSILICATE GLASS USING LA-ICPMS
Shun Kang, Huifang Xie, Yihua Li, Thiam Bon Lim
Forensic Chemistry and Physics Laboratory, Health Sciences
Authority, Singapore
TE 1-2
09:30-09:50
APPLICATION OF 1H NMR SPECTROSCOPY AND
CHEMOMETIRICS FOR CLASSIFICATION OF
LUBRICANTS, SURFACTANTS AND IMITATION-VIAGRA
Siwon Kim3, Dahye Yoon3, Heonho Lee3, Dong-Kye Lee1, Yuna
Kim2, Nam Yee Kim2, Suhkmann Kim3
Busan Institute, National Forensic Service, Yangsan-si, Korea
(South); 2Seoul Institute, National Forensic Service, Seoul, Korea
(South); 3Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for
Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
(South)
1
Hongyan Du, Yunfeng Zhang, Ying Dong, Zhongshan Yu
TE 1-3
Toxicology, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public
Security, Beijing, China
EVIDENTIAL VALUE OF DUST IN FALL FROM HEIGHT
CASES
09:50-10:10
019
WFF2014
Rui Lin Lee, Yihua Li, Thiam Bon Lim
Forensic Chemistry and Physics Laboratory, Health Sciences
Authority, Singapore
TE 1-4
10:10-10:30
A PROPOSED PROCEDURE TO VERIFY A SUICIDE CASE
OF CARBON MONOXIDE INTOXICATION BY ANALYZING
THE TRACE OF IGNITION CHARCOAL BRIQUETTE
Tae-Myung Sung
Forensic 1st section, Scientific Investigation Laboratory, Seoul,
Korea (South)
TE 1-5
11:00-12:30
USE OF COMPARISON-MICROSCOPE IN TRACE
EVIDENCE ANALYSIS
Claus Klein
Leica Microsystems, CMS GmbH, Germany
203A (2F)
14:00-17:30
BUSINESS MEETING (TEWG)
203B (2F)
09:00-12:30
WORKSHOP DAY 1 QUALITY ASSURANCE & STANDARDS (QASC)
CHAIRPERSON
Maria Corazon A De Ungria (Philippines)
09:00-09:10
OPENING SPEECH / WELCOME SPEECH
QASC 1-1
09:10-10:30
TOP 10 NON-CONFORMANCES FOUND DURING ASCLD/
LAB ASSESSMENTS [12 MONTH REVIEW]
Anja Einseln
ASCLD-LAB
QASC 1-2
11:00-12:30
MEASUREMENT TRACEABILITY: SOME EXAMPLES
AND THE REQUIREMENTS
Anja Einseln
ASCLD-LAB
203B (2F)
BUSINESS MEETING (QASCWG)
020
14:00-17:30
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
October 13 (Monday)
AFSN Keynote Lecture
Grand Ballroom 104+105 (1F)
AFSN Workgroup Workshop
Grand Ballroom 105 (1F)
09:00-12:30
14:00-17:30
OPENING ADDRESS
Joong-Seok Seo
WORKSHOP DAY 2 CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION (CSIWG)
President of AFSN
CHAIRPERSON
WELCOME ADDRESS
Kyung-Kook Park
CSI 2-1
Shuo Liu (China)
First vice Minister of Ministry of Security and Public
Administration, Korea
AFSN 1-1
14:00-15:30
FBI EVIDENCE RESPONSE TEAM APPROACH TO CRIME
SCENE MANAGEMENT - PART I
Michael Grabber
09:10-09:50
SYSTEMATIZED TORTURE AND DEATHS IN CUSTODY
Sherein S. Ghaleb
President of IALFS, General Secretary of the Arab Union of
Forensic Physicians, Egypt
FBI Evidence Response Team Unit, USA
CSI 2-2
16:00-16:20
FBI EVIDENCE RESPONSE TEAM APPROACH TO CRIME
SCENE MANAGEMENT - PART II
Michael Grabber
FBI Evidence Response Team Unit, USA
AFSN 1-2
09:50-10:30
FORENSIC SCIENCE IN CHINA
- AN INTRODUCTION
Lin Chang
Institute of Evidence Law and Forensic Science, China University
of Political Science and Law, China
AFSN 1-3
11:00-11:40
TECHNOLOGY VERSUS FUNDAMENTALS:
A PATHWAY TO PROFICIENCY IN CRIME SCENE
INVESTIGATION
Ross Gardner
CSI 2-4
Department of Forensic Science, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi
(U.P.), India - 284128, Jhansi, India; 2Department of Botany, Central
University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
1
16:50-17:00
PHOTO-TAKING SESSION
Vice President, Bevel, Gardner, and Associates, Atlanta, Georgia,
USA
AFSN 1-4
11:40-12:20
FORENSIC SCIENCE IN A VUCA (VOLATILITY,
UNCERTAINTY, COMPLEXITY AND AMBIGUITY) WORLD
Alain Verstraete
Department of laboratory medicine, Ghent University Hospital,
Ghent, Belgium; 2Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology
and Immunology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
1
12:20-12:30
LAUNCH OF IFSA MINIMUM REQUIRMENT
DOCUMENTS
IFSA
16:20-16:50
ANALYSIS OF DIATOMS FROM FRESH WATER BODIES
IN MANIPUR STATE OF INDIA
Ankit Srivastava1, Ningthoujan Khelensana Singh1, Smita
Chouhan1, Vijay Kumar Yadav1, Gajendra Pal Singh2
Grand Ballroom 104 (1F)
14:00-17:30
WORKSHOP DAY 2 - DNA (DNAWG)
CHAIRPERSON
Byung-Won Chun (Korea)
DNA 2-1
14:00-14:40
THE ROLE OF FORENSIC DNA DATABASE FOR USE IN
CRIMINAL INTELLIGENCE
Worawee Waiyawuth
Central Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Thailand
DNA 2-2
14:40-15:00
RAPID DNA: FULLY INTEGRATED, FULLY AUTOMATED
GENERATION OF STR PROFILES
Julie French1, Eugene Tan2
Human Identity Division, Ge Healthcare Life Sciences,
Piscataway, New Jersey, United States; 2Product Development,
Netbio, Waltham, Massachusetts, United States
1
021
WFF2014
DNA 2-3
208A (2F)
15:00-15:20
14:00-17:30
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF STATISTICAL PROBABILITY FOR
LOCI ABOVE 20
Nor Aidora Saedon1, Rauzah Hashim2, Noraini Ahmad2, Mohd
Izuan Othman1, Baktiar Kassim1
WORKSHOP DAY 2 - ILLICIT DRUGS (IDWG)
Forensic DNA Section, Forensic Division, Department of
Chemistry, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia; 2Department of
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Petaling
Jaya, Malaysia
ID 2-1
DNA 2-4
Department of Chemistry, Narcotic Division, Ipoh, Perak,
Malaysia, Malaysia
1
15:20-15:40
DISPERSION OF DNA OF COMPROMISED SKULL IN
MALAYSIA
Nor Aidora Saedon, Nurul Hamizai Abdul Hamid, Mohd Firdaus
Che Amran, Zulhilmi Husni, Baktiar Kassim
Forensic DNA Section, Forensic Division, Department of
Chemistry, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
15:40-16:10
BREAK & PHOTO-TAKING SESSION
DNA 2-5
DNA Analysis Branch, Philippine National Police Crime Laboratory,
Camp Crame Quezon City, Philippines
16:30-16:50
MAXIMIZE INFORMATION FROM YOUR MIXTURE
SAMPLES WITH THE POWERPLEX® FUSION 6C
SYSTEM, A COMBINED AUTOSOMAL AND Y-STR
MULTIPLEX
Lotte Downey, Martin Ensenberger, Patricia Fulmer, Kristy Lenz,
Dawn Rabbach, Cynthia Sprecher, Douglas Storts
Genetic Identity, Promega Corporation, Madison, Wisconsin,
United States
DNA 2-7
16:50-17:10
DEVELOPMENTAL VALIDATION OF AN INNOVATIVE
DNA QUANTIFICATION SYSTEM WITH INTELLIGENT
TOOLS FOR EFFICIENT SCREENING OF DEGRADED AND
INHIBITED CASEWORK SAMPLES
Allison Holt, Sheri Olson, Jacquelyn Gabriel, Robert Green
Human Identification, Thermo Fisher Scientific, South San
Francisco, CA, United States
DNA 2-8
Eun Mi Kim (Korea)
17:10-17:30
14:00-14:20
CHEMISTRY AND REACTION MECHANISMS OF COLOUR
TESTS FOR DRUGS OF ABUSE AND PRECURSORS
CHEMICALS
Gunalan Varatharajan
ID 2-2
14:20-14:40
DRUG IDENTIFICATION USING LINEAR RETENTION
INDEX
Zhi Wei Eyo, Desmond Tan, Shih Yun Pang, Sok Hong Nio,
Wendy Lim, Angeline Yap
Illicit Drugs Division, Health Sciences Authority, Singapore
ID 2-3
16:10-16:30
GENETIC DATA OF TWELVE X-CHROMOSOMAL LOCI IN
THE FILIPINO POPULATION
Judycel Macapagal, Franklin De La Cruz, Lorna Santos
DNA 2-6
CHAIRPERSON
14:40-15:00
A RECOMMENDED PROCEDURE TO ESTABLISHING THE
PROFILING OF METHYLAMPHETAMINE BY SYNTHETIC
ROUTES
Vanitha Kunalan
Narcotics Section, Forensic Division, Department of Chemistry,
Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
ID 2-4
15:00-15:20
EVIDENCE RECOVERY AND CHEMICAL ANALYSIS FOR
INVESTIGATION AND PROSECUTION OF TWO DRUG
SMUGGLING CASES
Xing Huang1, Weixin Wang2, Ying Chang2, Jun Zhu2, Lisheng
Gao2
Department of Science and Research Managment, Institute
of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, China;
2
Department of Drug Analysis, Institute of Forensic Science,
Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, China
1
ID 2-5
15:50-16:10
TOP-DOWN APPROACH FOR THE EVALUATION
OF THE MEASUREMENT OF UNCERTAINTY FOR
METHAMPHETAMINE DETERMINATION BY LIQUID
CHROMATOGRAPHY
Charmaine Hu, Kee Bian Chan, Wendy Lim, Merula Mangudi,
Michelle Woo, Angeline Yap
Illicit Drugs Division, Health Sciences Authority, Singapore
ID 2-6
16:10-16:30
DEVELOPMENTAL VALIDATION OF THE YFILER® PLUS
PCR AMPLIFICATION KIT
Andrea Carbonaro, Siddhita Gopinath
SEIZURE OF A CLANDESTINE KETAMINE LABORATORY
IN MALAYSIA
Vanitha Kunalan, Maimonah Sulaiman, Chan Kee Bian
Human Identification, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Oyster Point,
United States
Department of Chemistry, Ministry of Science, Technology and
Innovation, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
022
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
ID 2-7
16:30-16:50
FORENSIC CAPACITY BUILDING - CLIC TRAINING
Riska Dwi Widayati
Drug Testing Laboratory, National Narcotics Board of Indonesia,
Jakarta, Indonesia
16:50–17:00
PHOTO-TAKING SESSION
TE 2-2
WORKSHOP 1-HOW TO ASSES A FIBRE CASE, PLAN
AN EXAMINATION STRATEGY AND EVALUATE THE
FINDINGS
PART 4 – EVALUATION OF FINDINGS
PART 5 – CASE PRESENTATION
Kornelia Nehse
Forensic Science Institute, Landeskriminalamt Berlin, Berlin,
Germany, Germany
208B (2F)
14:00-17:30
WORKSHOP DAY 2 - TOXICOLOGY (TXWG)
TX 2-1
17:20-17:30
PHOTO-TAKING SESSION
14:00-15:30
WORKSHOP I-DRUG FACILITATED SEXUAL ASSAULT:
GET IT RIGHT! THE RIGHT INVESTIGATION, THE RIGHT
DRUG, THE RIGHT SPECIMEN, THE RIGHT LAB AND, THE
RIGHT INTERPRETATION
Ashraf Mozayani , Douglas Posey
1
2
Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas, United States;
International Forensic Science Consultants, Houston, Texas,
United States
1
2
TX 2-2
16:00-17:20
WORKSHOP I-DRUG FACILITATED SEXUAL ASSAULT:
GET IT RIGHT! THE RIGHT INVESTIGATION, THE RIGHT
DRUG, THE RIGHT SPECIMEN, THE RIGHT LAB AND, THE
RIGHT INTERPRETATION
Ashraf Mozayani1, Douglas Posey2
Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas, United States;
International Forensic Science Consultants, Houston, Texas,
United States
1
2
17:20-17:30
PHOTO-TAKING SESSION
203A (2F)
14:00-17:30
203B (2F)
CHAIRPERSON
14:00-17:30
WORKSHOP DAY 2 QUALITY ASSURANCE & STANDARDS (QASC)
CHAIRPERSON
Maria Corazon A De Ungria (Philippines)
QASC 2-1
14:00-15:30
MOVING TOWARD MORE EFFECTIVE WAYS OF
MANAGING BACKLOG – ENGAGING IN CONTINUOUS
IMPROVEMENT
Anja Einseln
ASCLD-LAB, USA
QASC 2-2
16:00-17:20
MOVING TOWARD MORE EFFECTIVE WAYS OF
MANAGING BACKLOG – ENGAGING IN CONTINUOUS
IMPROVEMENT
Anja Einseln
ASCLD-LAB, USA
WORKSHOP DAY 2 - TRACE EVIDENCE (TEWG)
17:20-17:30
PHOTO-TAKING SESSION
Hoang Hanh Hung (Vietnam)
TE 2-1
16:00-17:20
14:00-15:30
WORKSHOP 1 – HOW TO ASSES A FIBRE CASE, PLAN
AN EXAMINATION STRATEGY AND EVALUATE THE
FINDINGS
AFSN Luncheon Symposium
Grand Ballroom 104+105 (1F)
12:30-14:00
PART 1 – TRACE EVIDENCE RECOVERY AT THE SCENE
LS 1
PART 2 – CASE CONFERENCE, CASE ASSESSMENT AND
EXAMINATION PLAN
Kornelia Nehse
THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEXT GENERATION
SEQUENCING METHODS FOR ROUTINE FORENSIC
ANALYSIS – INTRODUCING THE ILLUMINA MISEQ
FGX FORENSIC GENOMICS SYSTEM
Forensic Science Institute, Landeskriminalamt Berlin, Berlin,
Germany, Germany
Illumina, USA
PART 3 – ANALYTICAL METHODS AND INSTRUMENTATION
Joe Varlaro
023
WFF2014
October 14 (Tuesday)
MEMORY OF BEING RAPED, WHERE PENETRATION
WITHOUT EJACULATION BY SEXUAL ASSAILANTS.
AFSN Workgroup Workshop
Sarabjit Singh
Grand Ballroom 105 (1F)
09:00-11:00
WORKSHOP DAY 3 CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION (CSIWG)
CHAIRPERSON
Shuo Liu (China)
CSI 3-1
09:00-09:30
CONSTRUCTION AND APPLICATION OF SHOEPRINT
INFORMATION SYSTEM IN CHINA
DNA Division,forensic Science Services, Government of National
Capital Territory of Delhi, New Delhi, India
DNA 3-4
10:20-10:40
IDENTIFICATION OF SEVERELY BURNED CORPSES:
LIMITATION OF TYPE OF BODY PARTS TO BE USED AS
DNA SAMPLE (CASE REPORT)
Djaja Surya Atmadja1, Evi Untoro2
Marks Examination, Institute of Forensic Science, Beijing, China
Department of Forensic Medicine and Medico-legal, Faculty of
Medicine University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia; 2Instalation
of Forensic Medicine, Sentra Medika Cibinong Hospital, Bogor,
Indonesia
CSI 3-2
DNA 3-5
Huanzhang Fu, Maosen Ban
09:30-10:00
CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION IN MONGOLIA
Policy and Strategic develeopment, Mongolian National Institute
of Forensic Science, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
11:00-12:30
BUSINESS MEETING (CSIWG)
Grand Ballroom 104 (1F)
09:00-12:30
CHAIRPERSON
Si-Keun Lim (Korea)
Forensic DNA Section, Forensic Division, Department of
Chemistry, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
11:30-11:50
QUANTIFILER TRIO : AN EVALUATION ON MOCK
CASEWORK DIFFERENTIAL ANALYSIS SAMPLES
Nor Aidora Saedon, Normazlina Zainuddin, Mohd Sufiyan
Azah, Nurul Hazirah Mat Lazimmahasan, Hazwani Hapiz, Mohd
Firdaus Che Amran, Baktiar Kassim
Forensic DNA Section, Forensic Division, Department of
Chemistry, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
09:00-09:40
RECENT ACTIVITIES IN THE UNITED STATES: THE
NATIONAL COMMISSION ON FORENSIC SCIENCE
AND THE ORGANIZATION OF SCIENTIFIC AREA
COMMITTEES
John M. Butler
National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA
DNA 3-2
Nor Aidora Saedon, Normazlina Zainuddin, Nurul Hazirah Mat
Lasimmahasan, Hazwani Hapiz, Norummiza Kamaruzzaman,
Mohd Firdaus Che Amran, Baktiar Kassim
DNA 3-6
WORKSHOP DAY 3- DNA (DNAWG)
DNA 3-1
11:10-11:30
AN EXPERIENCE OF THE DNA DIFFERENTIAL ANALYSIS
VIA QIAGEN QIA CUBE
Batmyagmar Bataa, Ochirbat Togookhuu
Grand Ballroom 105 (1F)
1
DNA 3-7
11:50-12:10
EVALUATION OF THE PROTOTYPE PROMEGA
POWERQUANT™ SYSTEM FOR DNA QUANTITATION
Jazelyn Salvador1, 2, Maria Lourdes Honrado1, Dame Loveliness
Apaga2, Gayvelline Calacal1, 2, Maria Corazon De Ungria1, 2
DNA Analysis Laboratory, Natural Sciences Research Institute,
University of the Philippines, Quezon City, Philippines; 2Program on
Forensics and Ethnicity, Philippine Genome Center, Quezon City,
Philippines
1
09:40-10:00
THE POWERFUL AND EFFECTIVE APPLICATION
PROCESS FOR CAPTURING A SERIAL RAPIST BY THE
UTILIZATION OF FORENSIC DNA INFORMATION
Sammy Jung, Nam Soo Cho
Forensic DNA Analysis Division, National Forensic Service,
Wonju, Korea (South)
DNA 3-8
12:10-12:30
POWERQUANT™ SYSTEM: A NEW ROBUST HUMAN
AND MALE SPECIFIC DNA QUANTIFICATION SYSTEM
THAT MONITORS DNA INTEGRITY
Jessi Sim
Training and Support, Promega Corporation, Perth, Australia
DNA 3-3
10:00-10:20
DNA EXAMINATION OF MENTAL GIRL WHO HAD NO
024
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
208A (2F)
09:00-12:30
WORKSHOP DAY 3 - ILLICIT DRUGS (IDWG)
CHAIRPERSON
Maimonah Sulaiman (Malaysia)
ID 3-1
TE 3-1
Jame M. Curran
Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, University of
Auckland Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
09:00-10:30
SWGDRUG RECOMMENDATION (PART III)
TE 3-2
Scott Oulton
BRING A CASE SESSION
Drug Enforcement Administration, USA
Thiam Bon Lim
ID 3-2
09:00-10:30
WORKSHOP 2- A-Z OF FORENSIC STATISTICS
11:00-12:30
11:00-12:30
Forensic Chemistry and Physics Laboratory, Health Sciences
Authority, Singapore
SWGDRUG RECOMMENDATION (PART III)
Scott Oulton
203B (2F)
Drug Enforcement Administration, USA
208B (2F)
WORKSHOP DAY 3 QUALITY ASSURANCE & STANDARDS (QASC)
09:00-12:30
WORKSHOP DAY 3 - TOXICOLOGY (TXWG)
CHAIRPERSON
Maria Corazon A De Ungria (Philippines)
QASC 3-1
TX 3-1
09:00-12:30
09:00-10:00
09:00-10:00
WORKSHOP II-DRUG – FACILITATED CRIME IN EUROPE
FIVE THINGS TO CONSIDER IN FORENSIC LABORATORY
DESIGN
- TREND OF DFC
Anja Einseln
- SPECIAL CASE STUDIES
ASCLD-LAB, USA
Alain G.Verstraete
Laboratory of Clinical Biology-Toxicology, Ghent University / TIAFT
President, Belgium
QASC 3-2
TX 3-2
Feng Hua
10:00-10:30
WORKSHOP III- TOXICOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF DRUGFACILITATED CRIMES
10:00-10:30
THE STATUS OF FORENSIC SCIENCE LABORATORIES
QUALITY CONTROL AND ACCREDITATION IN CHINA
Department of Forensic Standards and Criterion, Institute of
Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, PR China, China
Institute Members
QASC 3-3
Member Institutes
TX 3-3
11:00-11:30
WORKSHOP III-TOXICOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF DRUGFACILITATED CRIMES
Forensic Science Program, National Institute of Standards and
Technology, Gaithersburg, Md, United States; 2NFI, Netherlands
Forensic Institute, The Hague, Netherlands
Member Institutes
11:30-12:30
WORKSHOP IV-BRING YOUR OWN CASES
QASC 3-4
11:30-12:00
ANALYSIS ON THE INFLUENCE OF RECORDING WAY ON
VOICE IDENTIFICATION
Institute Members
Member Institutes
203A (2F)
Melissa Taylor1, Ralph Kleuskens2
1
Institute Members
TX 3-4
11:00-11:30
THE STATE OF PROFICIENCY TESTS IN THE FORENSIC
SCIENCE COMMUNITY - AN INTERNATIONAL SURVEY
EFFORT
Zheng Hongbing
09:00-12:30
Department of Forensic Science & Technology, China Criminal
Police University, China
WORKSHOP DAY 3 - TRACE EVIDENCE (TEWG)
QASC 3-5
CHAIRPERSON
THE CURRENT STATUS OF FORENSIC SCIENCE
LABORATORY ACCREDITATION IN KOREA
Thiam Bon Lim (Singapore)
12:00-12:30
025
WFF2014
Seung Beom Hong, Joon Ho Lee, Kyoung Don Kwak, Yoon Jung
Huh, Sang Kyu Hwang
National Forensic Service, Wonju, Republic of Korea
AFSN Luncheon Symposium
Grand Ballroom 104+105 (1F)
12:30-14:00
LS 2
DEVELOPMENT OF AN INNOVATIVE DNA
QUANTIFICATION AND ASSESSMENT SYSTEM
Allison Holt
Thermofisher Scientific, USA
LS 3
YFILER PLUS
Andrea Carbonaro
Thermofisher Scientific, Italy
AFSN Keynote Lecture
Grand Ballroom 104+105 (1F)
AFSN 2-1
14:30-16:00
14:30-15:10
TO NEW HORIZONS WITH EVIDENCE AND
INTELLIGENCE MORE IMPROVED TECHNOLOGIES ANYTHING ELSE?
Kornelia Nehse
Forensic Science Institute Berlin/The Police President in Berlin –
Landeskriminalamt, Kriminaltechnik, Germany
AFSN 2-2
15:10-15:50
MOLECULAR INTELLIGENCE: NEW USES OF
MOLECULAR BIO-MARKERS FOR INVESTIGATIVE
PURPOSES
Manfred Kayser
Department of Forensic Molecular Biology, Erasmus University
Medical Center Rotterdam, Netherlands
WFF Opening Ceremony & Welcome
Reception
Auditorium (3F)
KL00
18:00-21:00
18:40-19:00
NEW HORIZON IN FORENSIC SCIENCES WITH KOREA
Shinmong Kang
Forensic Medicine, Catholic University, Korea
026
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
AFSN Poster Presentation
Lobby of 2nd Floor
CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION (CSIWG)
CSI P-7
THE STATURE ESTIMATE FROM FOOTPRINTS OF PHU
TAI TRIBES IN NORTHEAST THAILAND
Natphasin Wongpipat1, Rachadaporn Benchawattananon1,
Amporn Chamsuwan1
CSI P-1
1
CHARACTERISTICS OF SPEECH SAMPLES IN TWO
DIFFERENT CONDITIONS
2
Forensic Science, Khonkaen University, Khonkaen, Thailand;
Forensic Medicine, Khonkaen University, Khonkaen, Thailand
Jintao Kang, Jingyang Li, Li Wang, Xiaodi Wang, Jie Cui
Lobby of 2nd Floor
Intelligence Information and Technology Division, Institution of
Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, China
DNA (DNAWG)
CSI P-2
DNA P-1
ACQUISITION BASED ON LIME TOOLS AND ANALYSIS
OF LIVE MEMORY FROM ANDROID PHONES
GENETIC POLYMORPHISMS OF 18 STR LOCI WITHIN
UYGHUR POPULATION LIVING IN HOTAN PREFECTURE,
XINJIANG UYGUR AUTONOMOUS REGION, CHINA
Yao Yiren, Bai Xue, Zhao Xingchun, Wang Le, Ye Jian, Chi Wei
Yanrong Kang1, Jian Ruan2
Digital Forensics, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public
Security, P.r.c., Beijing, China; 2Fada Institute of Forensic Medicine
& Science, China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing,
China
1
CSI P-3
IMPROVING THE FINGERPRINTS DATABASE OF
INDONESIAN POPULATION FROM E-ID CARD THROUGH
MAMBIS (MOBILE AUTOMATED MULTI BIOMETRIC
IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM) PORTAL
Hendrian Muntanzar
Indonesia Automated Fingerprint Identification System,
Indonesian National Police, Jakarta, Indonesia
CSI P-4
ANALYSIS OF UNCERTAINTY IN CRIME SCENE
MEASUREMENTS BY A 3D LASER SYSTEM
Louis Koh, Wee Chuan Yeo, Thiam Bon Lim
Center for Applied Forensic Sciences and Technologies, Institute
of Forensic Science,ministry of Public Security, Beijing, China
DNA P-2
THE APPLICATION OF DNA TYPER™ 15 PLUS DIRECT
KIT IN DNA DATABASE
Bai Xue, Zhao Xingchun, Wang Le, Yao Yiren, Sun Jing, Ma
Wenhua, Zhang Jian, Mo Xiaoting, Ye Jian, Jia Zheng
Center for Applied Forensic Science and Technology, Institute of
Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, P.r.c., Beijing, China
DNA P-3
COMBINED USING 96 WELL CENTRIFUGAL FILTRATION
PLATE WITH TECAN FREEDOM EVO150-8 AUTOMATION
WORKSTATION CAN IMPROVE EFFICIENCY OF TOUCH
DNA DETECTION
Qingzhen Meng1, Ruhua Zhou2, Min Li2
Forensic Chemistry and Physics Laboratory, Health Sciences
Authority, Singapore
Forensic Genetics, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of
Public Security, Beijing, China; 2DNA Department, Institute of
Forensic Science, Public Security Bureau of Suzhou, Suzhou, China
CSI P-5
DNA P-4
VIDEO INVESTIGATION TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT
AND RESEARCH
Liu Hao
1
IDENTIFICATION OF CANNABIS AND ITS
ADULTERANTS USING PSBA-TRNH BARCODING
Song Bingke2, Yang Yueying1, Pei Li1
Network Information Center, National Police University of China,
Shenyang, China
Forensic Evidence Department, Institute of Forensic Science,
Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, China; 2 Criminal Technology,
Chinese People’s Public Security University, Beijing, China
CSI P-6
DNA P-5
THE DETECTION OF LATENT FINGERMARKS
BY SURFACE-MODIFIED UP-CONVERTING
NANOPHOSPHORS
1
Jun Wang
A LARGE Y-STR HAPLOTYPE REFERENCE DATABASE
FOR FORENSIC APPLICATION IN KOREA
Nam Soo Cho, Jin Myung Lee, Na Yeon Kim, Saimi Jung, Youn
Hyung Nam, Jong-Jin Kim, Myun Soo Han
Forensic Science, Jiang Su Police Institute, Nanjing, China
Forensic DNA Analysis Division, National Forensic Service, Wonju
027
WFF2014
220-170, Korea (South)
DNA P-6
INTERNAL VALIDATION OF THE KPLEX Y17 (MULTIPLEX
Y STR SYSTEM) FOR FORENSIC CASEWORK
Hye Yeon Kim1, Shin Hye Oh1, Yu Na Oh2, Sera Kim3, Kyoung-Jin
Shin2, Young Geun Yang3, Soong Deok Lee4, Su Jung Park1
DNA Forensic Division, Supreme Prosecutors' Office, Seoul,
Korea (South); 2Department of Forensic Medicine, Yonsei
University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (South); 3BioQuest,
Inc., Seoul, Korea (South); 4Department of Forensic Medicine,
Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
(South)
1
DNA P-7
SEPARATING SPERM CELL IN SEXUAL ASSAULT
SPECIMENS USING OPTIMIZED METHOD FOR
RAPIDITY AND HIGH CAPACITY
Man-Il Kim1, Eun-Jung Lee1, Gang-Nam Jin1, Jung-Yoon Lee1,
Dong-Sub Lee2
Crime-Scene DNA Section, Gwangju Institute, National Forensic
Service, Gwangju, Korea (South); 2Crime-Scene DNA Division,
Seoul Institute, National Forensic Service, Seoul, Korea (South)
1
DNA P-8
POPULATION GENETICS AND MUTATIONAL EVENTS OF
23 Y-CHROMOSOMAL STR LOCI IN SOUTH KOREANS
Jung Hee Hwang1, Songyi Han1, Nam-Soo Kim1, Jeong Ah
Kwon2, Nam Soo Cho2, Ji Hwan Park1, Kyoung Sook Kim1
Department of Forensic Medicine, Daejeon Institute, National
Forensic Service, Daejeon, Korea (South); 2Forensic DNA Division,
National Forensic Service, Wonju, Korea (South)
1
DNA P-9
RAPID APPROXIMATE SEARCH OF NONHOMOGENEOUS DNA PROFILES USING KINMATCH
Hyungyong Kim1, Sehwan Kim1, Byeongchul Kang1, Heejung
Ahn2, Myunsoo Han3
Data Science Center, Insilicogen, Inc., Suwon, Korea (South);
2
Division of DNA Analysis, Scientific Investigation Laboratory,
Ministry of National Defense, Seoul, Korea (South); 3Division of
Forensic DNA, National Forensic Service, Wonju, Korea (South)
1
Inc, Seoul, Korea (South); 4Department of Biological Science,
Kongju National University, Gongju, Korea (South); 5Department
of Forensic Medicine, Seoul National University College of
Medicine, Seoul, Korea (South)
DNA P-11
MOLECULAR MARKERS FOR DISCRIMINATING SPECIES
AND SUBSPECIES OF NARCOTIC POPPY, PAPAVER
SOMNIFERUM
Bo Young Seo1, Dong-Ha Ahn2, Eun-A Jo2, Hye Hyun Oh1, Seung
Hwan Lee1, Won Kim3, Gi-Sik Min2
DNA Forensic Division, Supreme Prosecutors' Office, Seoul,
Korea (South); 2Department of Biological Sciences, Inha
University, Incheon, Korea (South); 3School of Biological Sciences,
Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea (South)
1
DNA P-12
EVALUATION OF ILLUMINA'S UNIVERSAL FORENSIC
PANEL ON SINGAPORE POPULATION SAMPLES
Christopher Syn2, Ramani Anantharaman1, Shu Jun Lin1, Woan
Foon Looi1, Michelle Lai1, Eileen Loo1, Jacquelyn Tay1, Sze Kae
Goh1
DNA Profiling Laboratory, Applied Sciences Group, Health
Sciences Authority, Singapore; 2DNA Profiling Laboratory,
Applied Sciences Group, Health Sciences Authority, Singapore,
Department of Biological Sciences, National University of
Singapore, Singapore
1
DNA P-13
DISASTER VICTIM IDENTIFICATION USING DNA
PROFILING: LOA AIRLINES PLANE CRASHES IN PAKSE
Watee Asawutmangkul, Pattama Luengwuttiwong, Jittima
Lertchaiporn, Nonglak Silkhun, Siriprapa Meebuatong,
Teeranai Roumrak, Hathaichanoke Boonyarit
Sub-Division of Biochemistry, Institute of Forensic Medicine,
Police General Hospital, Royal Thai Police, Bangkok, Thailand
DNA P-15
ANALYSIS OF 15 AUTOSOMAL SHORT TANDEM REPEAT
LOCI IN 165 MONGOLIANS
Uyanga Ganbold1, Sarantuya Jav2, Purewdulam Sharavjamts3,
Ganbold Suren3
Toxicology Sector, National Institute for Public Health,
Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia; 2Department of Molecular Biology and
Genetic, Health Science University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar,
Mongolia; 3Department of Scientific Analysis, National Institute of
Forensic Science, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
1
DNA P-10
EVALUATION OF A SELF-DEVELOPED AUTOSOMAL
STR MULTIPLEX PCR SYSTEM TO COMPILE A KOREAN
CRIMINAL DATABASE
Jeong Eun Sim1, Eun Young Lee2, Sera Kim3, Young Se Hyun4,
Kyoung-Jin Shin2, Young Geun Yang3, Soong Deok Lee5, Su
Jeong Park1
DNA Forensic Division, Supreme Prosecutors' Office, Seoul,
Korea (South); 2Department of Forensic Medicine, Yonsei
University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (South); 3BioQuest,
1
028
DNA P-16
ADVANTAGE OF USING COMPLEMENTARY KITS FOR
THE ELUCIDATION OF AMBIGUOUS DNA PROFILING
RESULTS
Jazelyn Salvador1, Jae Joseph Russell Rodriguez 1,2, Maria
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
Corazon De Ungria1
DNA Analysis Laboratory, Natural Sciences Research Institute,
University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines;
2
Genetics and Molecular Division, Institute of Biological Sciences,
University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
1
Paul Ryan Sales, Gayvelline Calacal, Jazelyn Salvador, Maria
Corazon De Ungria
DNA Analysis Laboratory, Natural Sciences Research Institute,
University of the Philippines - Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
DNA P-23
DNA P-17
MITOCHONDRIAL HAPLOTYPE FREQUENCY DATABASE
FOR SRI LANKANS WAS ESTABLISHED.
Ruwan Illeperuma
Molecular Forensics, Genetech, Colombo 08, Sri Lanka
DNA P-18
SELECTION OF GLOBAL-COMMON 100 SNPS FROM
WHOLE EXOME DATA IN KOREAN POPULATION
Sung Min Kim, Ji Won Yu, Hyun Dae Hong, Ki Hoon Kim, Ki
Wha Chung
Deprment of Biological Science, Kongju National University,
Gongju, Korea (South)
DNA P-19
INCREASED NUMBER OF LOCI : GENERAL OVERVIEW
OF THE PERFORMANCE OF POWERPLEX FUSION,
GLOBALFILER CASEWORK AND INVESTIGATOR ID PLEX
24
Nor Aidora Saedon, Hazwani Hapiz, Nor Ummiza
Kamaruzzaman, Mohd Sufiyan Azah, Mohd Iqbal Zulkafli,
Baktiar Kassim
MUTATION RATES AT 34 Y-CHROMOSOMAL SHORT
TANDEM REPEAT (STR) MARKERS IN FATHER/SON,
BROTHER, AND GRANDFATHER-GRANDSON PAIRS
FROM A FILIPINO POPULATION
Lindsay Clare Carandang1, 2, Jazelyn Salvador1, 2, Maria Lourdes
Honrado2, Altair Agmata1, Angelica Rose Sagum1, Maria
Corazon De Ungria1, 2
Program on Forensics and Ethnicity, Philippine Genome Center,
Quezon City, Philippines; 2DNA Analysis Laboratory, Natural
Sciences Research Institute, University of the Philippines, Quezon
City, Philippines
1
DNA P-24
CASE REPORT OF XX MALE SYNDROME AND
AIS(ANDROGEN INSENSITIVITY SYNDROME)
Jang-Yong Kim, Sun-Wha Park, Moon-Hee Park, Ju-Yeon Jung,
Ji-Won Choi, Eun-Hye Kim, Hae-Yong Lee, Dong-Ho Choi,
Dong-Seob Yi, Pil-Won Kang
DNA Analysis Division, Seoul institute, National Forensic Service,
Seoul, Korea (South)
DNA P-25
Forensic DNA Section, Forensic Division, Department of
Chemistry, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
EVALUATION OF FORENSIC DNA EXTRACTION
METHODS FOR POST-COITAL SWABS, STAINS, AND
CONDOMS
DNA P-20
Jae Joseph Russell Rodriguez1, Gayvelline Calacal1, Rita
Laude2, Maria Corazon De Ungria1
AN EXPERIENCE OF DIFFERENTIAL ANALYSIS VIA QIA
CUBE
Nor Aidora Saedon, Normazlina Zainuddin, Nurul Hazirah Mat
Lasimmahasan, Hazwani Hapiz, Nor Ummiza Kamaruzzaman,
Mohd Firdaus Che Amran, Baktiar Kassim
Forensic DNA Section, Forensic Division, Department of
Chemistry, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
DNA P-21
CASE STUDY OF DNA ANALYSIS FROM MURDER IN
BUSANJIN-GU
Hee-Yeon Park, Jeong-Ah Kwon, Jong-Keun Jung, Mi-Jung
Kim, Sumin Lee, Sang-Cheul Shin, Byung-Won Chun
DNA Analysis Section, Forensic Medicine Division, Busan
institute, National Forensic Service, 50, Geumo-ro, Mulgeum-eup,
Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea (South)
DNA Analysis Laboratory, Natural Sciences Research Institute,
University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines;
2
Genetics and Molecular Biology Division, Institute of Biological
Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna,
Philippines
1
DNA P-26
RAPIDLY MUTATING Y-STRS IN TWO INDONESIAN
POPULATIONS
Gludhug Ariyo Purnomo, Helena Suryadi, Herawati Sudoyo
Forensic DNA Laboratory, Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology,
Jakarta, Indonesia
DNA P-27
JUDICIAL RULES, LAWS AND ETHICS THAT GOVERN
DNA FORENSICS IN THE PHILIPPINES
DNA P-22
Maria Corazon De Ungria1, Jose Jose2, Jimenez E3
VALIDATION AND COMPARISON OF DNA EXTRACTION
METHODS FOR HUMAN TEETH
1
DNA Analysis Laboratory, Natural Sciences Research Institute,
College of Science, University of the Philippines, Diliman,
029
WFF2014
Quezon City, Philippines; 2Office of Legal Aid, College of Law,
University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines;
3
National Institute of Health, University of the Philippines, Manila,
Philippines
DNA P-29
DISASTER VICTIM IDENTICATION SUKHOI SUPER JET
100 THROUGH DNA TECHNOLOGY
Putut T Widodo1, Tamy Soedarsono2, Novi Wulandari1, Raka
Swastika1, Dewi Monasari1, Lathifah Ismiyati1, Retno Dwi
Wahyuningsih1, Muh Fuad Riyadi1, Restu Priono1, Riris Savitri1
Indonesian National Police, DNA Laboratory Of INP Forensic
Medicine And Health Services, Jakarta, Indonesia; 2Universty Of
Indonesia, Faculty of Dentistry, Jakarta, Indonesia
1
DNA P-30
DNA IDENTIFICATION OF 2012 SUKHOI SUPER JET 100
CRASH DVI OPERATION
Putut T Widodo1, Novi Wulandari1, Raka Swastika1, Dewi
Monasari1, Lathifah Ismiyati1, Retno D Wahyuningsih1, Muh
Fuad Riyadi1, Restu Priono1, Riris Savitri1, Tamy Soedarsono2
Roedy Aris Tavip
Center of Forensic Laboratory of Criminal Investigative Division,
Indonesian National Police, Jakarta, Indonesia
ID P-3
EFFECT OF PH AND SODIUM CHLORIDE ON LIQUIDLIQUID EXTRACTION METHOD FOR MDMA ANALYSIS
IN ECSTASY TABLET USING GC-MS
Riska Dwi Widayati
Drug Testing Laboratory, National Narcotics Board of Indonesia,
Jakarta, Indonesia
ID P-4
SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF 10 SYNTHETIC
CANNABINOIDS IN NOVEL "SPICE" DRUGS BY HPLC
AND LC-MS/MS
Wanfeng Zhai, Chunshui Zhang, Lisheng Gao
Drug Detection Division, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of
Public Security, Beijing, China
Indonesian National Police, DNA Laboratory Of INP Forensic
Medicine And Health Services, Jakarta, Indonesia; 2University Of
Indonesia, Faculty of Dentistry, Jakarta, Indonesia
TOXICOLOGY (TXWG)
DNA P-31
TX P-1
A COMPARISON OF YFILER® PLUS VTS PCR
AMPLICATION KIT AND AMPF/STR® YFILERTM KIT IN 10
CASEWORK SAMPLES
LC-MS/MS DETERMINATION OF GAMMAHYDROXYBUTYRATE IN HUMAN URINE
1
Ju-Yeon Jung1, Kyoung-Sook Kim2, Sun-Wha Park1, Moon-Hee
Park1, Jang-Yong Kim1, Ji-Won Choi1, Dong-Sub Lee1, Pil-Won
Kang1
Dept. of DNA Analysis, Seoul Institute, National Forensic Service,
Seoul, Korea (South); 2Dept. of DNA Analysis, Daejeon Institute,
National Forensic Service, Daejeon, Korea (South)
209 (2F)
Yujing Luan, Leiping Zhang, Ruihua Wang, Ying Dong, Hongyan
Du, Fanglin Wang, Yi He, Zhongshan Yu
Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing,
China
1
209 (2F)
TX P-2
DETERMINATION OF CHLORIMURON-ETHYL BY LC-MS/
MS
Leiping Zhang, Yujing Luan, Zhongshan Yu, Hongyan Du, Yi He
ILLICIT DRUGS (IDWG)
Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing,
China
ID P-1
TX P-3
IDENTIFICATION OF 3-TRIFLUOROMETHYLPHENYLP
IPERAZINE (TFMPP) FROM THE UNKNOWN WHITE
CRYSTALLINE SUBSTANCE
RAPID DETERMINATION OF OLEANDRIN IN
BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES BY LC-MS/MS METHOD
Chang Ying, Zhao Yang, Huang Xing, Gao Li-Sheng
Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing,
China
Ministry of Public Security, Institute of Forensic Science, Beijing,
China
Fanglin Wang, Yujing Luan, Yao Liu
TX P-4
ID P-2
IDENTIFICATION OF NEW PSYCHOACTIVE
SUBSTANCES IN THE JURISDICTIONS OF BALI AND
WEST NUSA TENGGARA REGIONAL POLICE
030
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A METHOD FOR
THE DETERMINATION OF NICOTINE IN POSTMORTEM
BLOOD USING LC-MS/MS AND A CASE REPORT, DEATH
OF NICOTINE POISONING
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
Hyesun Yum, Jungjoon Kim, Minji Kang, Sungmin Moon, Sujin
Jeong, Juseon Lee, Seungkyung Baeck
Narcotics, Forensic Toxicology & Chemistry Division, Seoul
Institute, National Forensic Service, Seoul, Korea (South)
Supranee Pantatan, Ampika Leelapojan
Forensic Chemistry Unit, Bureau of Forensic Service, Central
Institute of Forensic Science, Bangkok, Thailand
TX P-11
TX P-5
HIGH-THROUGHPUT SPE/GC-MS METHOD FOR
QUANTIFICATION OF METHAMPHETAMINE AND
AMPHETAMINE IN URINE SAMPLES OF DRUG USERS
Sumate Thiangthum, Orapin Tanunkat
Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health,
Nonthaburi, Thailand
TX P-6
BENZODIAZEPINES ANALYSIS IN BLOOD WITH DRIED
BLOOD SPOTS(DBS)
Heesang Lee, Yujin Park, Jiyeong Jo, Sangwhan In, Eunmi Kim,
Sanggil Choe
Forensic Chemistry Division, National Forensic Service, Yangsan,
Korea (South)
TX P-7
SIMULTANEOUS SCREENING AND QUANTITATION OF
TEN AMPHETAMINES IN URINE BY ON-LINE SPE-LC/
MS METHOD
Helmy Rabaha1, Zhaoqi Zhan2
Department of Scientific Services, Ministry of Health, Brunei,
Brunei Darussalam; 2Customer Support Centre, Shimadzu (asia
Pacific) Pte Ltd, Singapore
1
TX P-8
DETECTION AND QUANTITATION OF VECURONIUM IN
BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS IN A CASE OF FATAL VECURONIUM
INTOXICATION
Sung-Min Moon, Jung-Joon Kim, Min-Ji Kang, Hye-Sun Yum,
Su-Jin Jeong, Ju-Seon Lee, Seung-Kyung Baeck
ETHYL GLUCURONIDE(ETG) IN HAIR OF SUSPECTED
ALCOHOLICS IN FORENSIC AUTOPSY CASES
Hye-Jin Choi, Dong-Kye Lee, Hyun Jee Kim, Se Jin Oh
Busan Institute, National Forensic Service, Yangsan, Korea (South)
TX P-12
IDENTIFICATION OF XENOBIOTICS BY 1H NMR
SPECTROSCOPY IN VARIOUS BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS
Dong-Kye Lee
Busan Institute, National Forensic Service, Yangsan-si, Korea
(South); 2Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for
Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
(South)
1
TX P-13
SENSITIVE METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF
11-NOR-9-CARBOXY-TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL IN
HAIR BY COLUMN SWITCHING LC/MS/MS
Meejung Park, Sunghoon Yeon, Inhoi Han, Jeasin Lee,
Yonghoon Park
Drug and Toxicology Division, National Forensic Service, Wonju,
Korea (South)
TX P-14
DETERMINATION OF BENZATROPINE IN HAIR BY GC/
MS AFTER LIQUID-LIQUID EXTRACTION (LLE) USING
METHANOL AND PHOSPHATE BUFFER
Abdulsallam Bakdash
Forensic Chemistry, Faculty of Forensic Sciences / Naif Arab
University for Security Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Narcotics, Forensic Toxicology & Chemistry Division, Seoul
Institute, National Forensic Service, Seoul, Korea (South)
TX P-9
APPLICATION OF HOLLOW FIBER LIQUID PHASE
MICRO-EXTRACTION COUPLED WITH HIGHPERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY IN THE
ANALYSIS OF TRAMDOL
Xueguo Chen, Ting Zhang
Department of Forensic Chemistry, National Police University of
China, Shenyang, China
TX P-10
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF LIQUID
CHROMATOGRAPHY-TIME OF FLIGHT /
MASSPECTROMETRY METHOD FOR FORENSIC DRUG
SCREENING IN BLOOD SAMPLES
204 (2F)
TRACE EVIDENCE (TEWG)
TE P-02
THE CONSTRUCTION OF ELECTRICAL TAPE EVIDENCE
DATABASE IN CHINA
Zhenwen Sun, Yangke Quan, Yuyou Sun, Hong Zhou, Ting Qiao,
Yao Liu
Trace Evidence Department, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry
of Public Security, Beijing, China
TE P-3
FORENSIC CLASSIFICATION AND CONNECTION OF
COUNTERFEIT BANKNOTE PAPER BY LA-ICP-MS AND
031
WFF2014
MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS METHODS: A CASE REPORT
TE P-10
Hongling Guo , Gao Ting , Quan Yangke , Yin Baohua , Shi
Gaojun1
THE EVIDENTIAL VALUE OF COLOURED STAPLES IN
FORENSIC EXAMINATION
Trace Evidence, Institute of Forensic Science, Beijing, China;
Criminal Science and Technology, China People’s Public Security
University, Beijing, China
Wan Yee Soong, Grace Miao' En Wong, Alaric Chin Wai Koh,
Yihua Li, Thiam Bon Lim
1
2
1
1
1
2
Forensic Chemistry and Physics Laboratory, Health Sciences
Authority, Singapore
TE P-4
A TECHNIQUE TO VISUALIZE PATTERNS OF GUNSHOT
RESIDUE FOR ESTIMATION OF SHOOTING DISTANCE:
M-XRF
TE P-11
Yiyi Li, Xinhe Ma, Xiaolin Wang
Xingzhou Han1, Da Qin2, Jiantong Huang1, Xiaoguang Wang2,
Zihan Guo2
Firearm Examination, Institute of Forensic Science Ministry of
Public Security P.r.c., Beijin, China
TE P-5
FINGERPRINT TECHNOLOGY IN CHINA,WHERE TO GO?
Rongliang Ma
Fingerprint Section, Institute of Forensic Science, Beijing, China
TE P-6
THE FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH ON MECHANISM
OF CHARRED DOCUMENTS BASED ON THE
THERMALGRAVIMETRY TECHNIQUE
Da Qin, Xingzhou Han, Zihan Guo, Hongguang Hao
Department of Questioned Document Examination, Institute of
Forensic Science, Mps, Beijing, China
TE P-7
THE RESEARCH ON THE VALUE OF THE HANDWRITING
FEATURES BY REPEATED IMITATED CHINESE ART
SIGNATURE
Haiqian Yan, Da Qin, Xinzhou Han, Xiaoguang Wang,
Hongguang Hao
Department of Questioned Document Examination, Institute of
Forensic Science, Mps, Beijing, China
TE P-8
THE TRANSFER AND PERSISTENCE OF THE FIBERS ON
HANDS AFTER WASHING
Aleum Han, Sojung Kim, Dasom Son, Heewon Min, Sungwook
Hong
RESEARCH ON THE EXAMINATION OF CONTINUOUS OF
LASER PRINTED DOCUMENTS
Institute of Criminal Science and Technology, Pelople's Public
Security University of China, Beijing, China; 2Questioned
Document Examination Laboratory, Institute of Forensic Science
Ministry of Public Security, China, Beijing, China
1
TE P-12
A NEW METHOD OF ALTERED HANDWRITING
EXAMINATION: ACCUMULATIVE WRITING PIGMENT
AROUND THE PAPER FIBERS
Jiantong Huang, Xingzhou Han, Wei Han
Institute of Forensic Science, Pelople's Public Security University
of China, Beijing, China
TE P-13
PARTICLE ANALYSIS OF LIGHTER FLINT RESIDUE
AND COMPARISON WITH THE GUNSHOT
RESIDUE(GSR) PARTICLES USING SCANNING
ELECTRON MICROSCOPY/ENERGY DISPERSIVE X-RAY
SPECTROMETRY(SEM/EDS)
Won-Seok Park1, Jae-Hoon Cha1, Chung-Hyun Jeon2
Scientific Investigation Laboratory, Ministry of National Defense,
Seoul, Korea (South); 2Scientific Investigation Team, Naval
Military Police Group, Chungnam, Korea (South)
1
TE P-14
DISCUSSION ON THE EFFECTION OF DEVELOPMENT
TECHNOLOGY IN THE DETERMINATION OF
METHAMPHETAMINE IN SWEAT LATENT
FINGERMARKS
Ting Zhang, Xueguo Chen
Graduate School of Forensic Sciences, Soonchunhyang University,
Asan-Si, Korea (South)
Department of Forensic Chemistry, National Police University of
China, Shenyang, China
TE P-9
TE P-15
THE STUDY FOR SUBCLASS CHARACTERISTICS OF
FIRING PIN MARKS BY MODEL QSZ92 CAL.9MM PISTOL
ANALYSIS ON TRAVEL CONDITION OF NON-VEHICLE IN
TRAFFIC ACCIDENT
Xiaolin Wang, Yiyi Li, Xinhe Ma
Hanxin Zhang
Firearms, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security,
P.r.c, Beijing, China
Traffic, Explosive and Special Evidence Examination Faculty’s
Office, Department of Criminal Science, China Criminal Police
032
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
University, 83 Tawan Str. Huanggu Dist. Shenyang, Liaoning,
P.R.China, China
Yonsei University, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do, Korea
TE P-16
STUDY THE TRAFFIC ACCIDENT LIABILITY TO THE
PRINCIPLE OF COMPENSATION
Hanxin Zhang
Traffic, Explosive and Special Evidence Examination Faculty’s
Office, Department of Criminal Science, China Criminal Police
University, 83 Tawan Str. Huanggu Dist. Shenyang, Liaoning,
P.R.China, China
TE P-17
THE STUDY OF NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING
EXPERIMENTAL ON CHANGED HANDWRITING
WRITTEN BY BLACK GEL PEN
Wei Han, Jiangtong Huang, Yusheng Zhang
Intitution of Forensic Science, People's Public Security University
of China, BeiJing, China
TE P-18
APPLYING HIGH PERFORMANCE THIN LAYER
CHROMATOGRAPHY (HPTLC) AND RAMAN
SPECTROSCOPY IN COMBINATION WIT PAPER
CHARACTERISTIC MEASURMENTS TO DETECT AGING
DOCUMENT
Hoang Hung
Institute of Forensic Science, research team, Hanoi, Vietnam
TE P-19
THE DISCRIMINATION FOR CULTIVATION CONDITION
OF GINSENG USING STABLE ISOTOPES
Kiwook Kim1, Younghoon Jo, Joohyun Song1, Jinhee Lee1,2,
Inwoo Lee, Jisook Min1
Division of Chemical Analysis, National Forensic Service, Ipchunro 10, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do, Korea, 2Department of Chemistry,
Yonsei University, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do, Korea
1
TE P-20
DETERMINATION OF MULTI-ELEMENTS IN FORENSIC
HUMAN HAIR BY LA-ICP-MS
Daejun An, Yurim Jang, Hyunkyung Joo, Myungduck Kim,
Jisook Min
Division of Chemical Analysis, National Forensic Service, Ipchunro 10, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do, Korea
TE P-21
THE DISCRIMINATION OF BALLPOINT PEN INKS ON
OFFICE PAPER USING LA-ICP-MS
Sangchul Heo1, Jinhee Lee1,2, Geammun Nam1, Jisook Min1,
Division of Chemical Analysis, National Forensic Service, Ipchunro 10, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do, Korea 2Department of Chemistry,
1
033
WFF2014
October 15 (Wednesday)
Douglas H. Ubelaker
IAFS Opening & Keynote Lecture
Smithsonian Institution’s National Museum of Natural History,
USA
Auditorium (3F)
08:00-10:00
CHAIRPERSONS
Heesun Chung (Korea), Douglas. M. Lucas (Canada), Thomas.
K. Marshall (UK)
KL01
Auditorium (3F)
14:00-15:00
CHAIRPERSONS
Barry Fisher (USA), Eric Baccino (France)
08:00-08:40
CHALLENGES AND TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE
FORENSIC SCIENCES
Alastair Ross
National Institute of Forensic Science, Australia New Zealand
Policing Advisory Agency (ANZPAA), Australia
KL07
14:00-14:40
IAFS 2011 MADEIRA AWARD LECTURE THE APPLICATION OF FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY TO
HUMAN RIGHT INVESTIGATIONS, NEW DIRECTIONS
Luis Fondebrider
Argentine Forensic Anthropology Team (EAAF), Argentina
KL02
08:40-09:20
THE BRIDGE TO THE PATH FORWARD
KL08
Peter Neufeld
LAUNCH OF IFSA MINIMUM REQUIRMENT
DOCUMENTS
INNOCENCE PROJECT, USA
14:40-14:50
IFSA
KL03
09:20-10:00
THE PROSPECTIVE FUTURE OF FORENSIC SCIENCE
Pierre Margot
Department of Forensic Science, University of Lausanne,
Switzerland
Auditorium (3F)
10:30-12:30
IAFS Special Session
Grand Ballroom 103 (1F)
14:00-15:30
SPECIAL SESSION 01 FORENSIC PATHOLOGY (PT)
CHAIRPERSONS
CHAIRPERSONS
James. A. Ferris (New Zealand), William. J. Tilstone (UK),
Takehiko Takatory (Japan)
KL04
10:30-11:10
DOUGLAS M. LUCAS MEDAL AWARD LECTURE FORENSIC SCIENCE AND HUMAN RIGHTS
Duarte Nuno Vieira
11:10-11:50
IAFS ADELAIDE MEDAL AWARD - SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY MOBILITY SOLUTIONS – HOW DO WE
MANAGE EFFECTIVELY IN THE INFORMATION AGE?
Michael Raymond
The NSW Police Force, Australia
KL06
14:00-14:30
DEATH INVESTIGATION IN MARYLAND. AN OVERVIEW
OF A MODERN UNITED STATES MEDICOLEGAL SYSTEM
FROM CONCEPTION TO PRESENT TIME
David Fowler
SS01-2
11:50-12:30
14:30-15:00
FORENSIC RADIOLOGY OR VIRTOPSY - GOING TO NEW
HORIZONS IN FORENSICS
Michael Thali
University Zurich, Switzerland
SS01-3
IAFS 2005 HONG KONG FORENSIC FOUNDATION
LECTURE - THE GLOBAL PRACTICE OF FORENSIC
SCIENCE
034
SS01-1
Office of the Chief Medical Examiner Maryland, USA
University of Coimbra, Portugal
KL05
Victor Weedn (USA), Yeongsik Choi (Korea)
15:00-15:30
AUTOPSY BIOSAFETY AND THE DESIGN OF A
BIOSAFETY LEVEL-3 MEDICAL EXAMINER AUTOPSY
FACILITY
Kurt Nolte
Office of Medical Investigator, University of New Mexico, USA
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
Grand Ballroom 104 (1F)
14:00-15:30
SPECIAL SESSION 02 FORENSIC GENETICS & BIOLOGY (GB)
Grand Ballroom 103 (1F)
CHAIRPERSONS
Ki-Wha Chung (Korea), Seung-Hwan Lee (Korea)
SS02-1
14:00-14:30
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS IN FORENSIC DNA
John M Butler
14:30-15:00
DNA ANALYSIS BY LAB-ON-A-CHIP TECHNOLOGY
James P Landers, Joan Bienvenue
University of Virginia, USA / Lockhead Applied Research Institute,
USA
SS02-3
15:00-15:30
APPLICATIONS OF MICROARRAY AND NGS
TECHNOLOGIES TO MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION
CHAIRPERSONS
Stephen Cordner (Australia), JongTae Park (Korea)
University of Michigan / Wayne County Medical Examiner, USA
SS04-2
National Forensic Service, Korea
Q&A
14:00-15:30
SPECIAL SESSION 03 TRACE EVIDENCE / FORENSIC CHEMISTRY (TEC)
CHAIRPERSONS
16:00-17:30
SPECIAL SESSION 05 FORENSIC GENETICS & BIOLOGY (GB)
John M Butler (USA), Hee-Joong Ahn (Korea)
14:00-14:30
FROM BASIC RESEARCH TO ROUTINE USE IN
THE COURTROOM: ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS AND
COMPARISONS OF MATERIALS WITH LASER
ABLATION INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA MASS
SPECTROMETRY
Jose Almirall
SS05-1
14:30-15:00
THE USE OF TRACE EVIDENCE IN ENVIRONMENTAL
FORENSICS IN DETERMINATION OF SOURCE AND FATE
OF POLLUTANTS
Paul Philp
University of Oklahoma, USA
15:00-15:30
INTRODUCTION TO THE NUCLEAR FORENSICS:
CURRENT STATUS OF INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR
FORENSIC SUPPORT SYSTEMS
16:00-16:30
MOVING BEYOND BUCCAL SAMPLES: EXPANDING THE
UTILITY OF RAPID DNA TECHNOLOGY
Julie French
GE Healthcare, USA
SS05-2
Florida International University, USA
SS03-3
Grand Ballroom 104 (1F)
CHAIRPERSONS
Kornelia Nehse (Germany), Jisook Min (Korea)
SS03-2
16:30-17:00
ACTIVITIES OF KOREA DVI AND PLAN FOR
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN MASS DISASTER
Nak-Eun Chung
17:00-17:30
Hanyang University, Korea
SS03-1
16:00-16:30
INTERPRETATION OF POSTMORTEM TOXICOLOGY
Carl J. Schmidt
Seung Yong Hwang
Grand Ballroom 105 (1F)
16:00-17:30
SPECIAL SESSION 04 FORENSIC PATHOLOGY (PT)
SS04-1
National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA
SS02-2
Korea Institute of Nuclear Nonproliferation and Control, Korea
16:30-17:00
QUALITY ASSURANCE MEASURES FOR THE
OPERATION OF A NATIONAL DNA DATABASE
Timothy Zolandz
Federal Bureau of Investigation, USA
SS05-3
17:00-17:30
POPULATION STR SEQUENCING DATA IN DANES AND
SOMALIS WITH THE ION PGM™
Niels Morling
University of Copenhagen, Denmark
Ho Bin Yim
035
WFF2014
Grand Ballroom 105 (1F)
16:00-18:00
SPECIAL SESSION 06 TRACE EVIDENCE / FORENSIC CHEMISTRY (TEC)
CHAIRPERSONS
Jame M. Curran (New Zealand), Mia Kwon (Korea)
SS06-1
O 01-2
14:15-14:30
OVERVIEW OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR
IDENTIFICATION
Steven Johnson
Executive Committee, The International Association for
Identification, Hollywood, Fl, United States
16:00-16:30
FIBRE EVIDENCE AND EVALUATION OF FINDINGS THE
BENEFITS OF MAPPING
O 01-3
14:30-14:45
Kornelia Nehse
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN FORENSIC
SCIENCES: STANDARDIZATION AND ACCREDITATION
Forensic Science Institute Berlin/The Police President in Berlin –
Landeskriminalamt, Kriminaltechnik, Germany
Haluk Ince1, Yuksel Yazici2, Andreas Bedate Guitrez3, Pedro
Manuel Garamendi4, Jos Toth5, Ipek Esen Melez6
Clinical Forensic Medicine, Istanbul University Istanbul Medical
Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; 2Ministry of Justice, Council of
Forensic Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey; 3Forensic Medicine, Espana
Department of Forensic Medicine, Madrid, Spain; 4Forensic
Medicine, Huvelva Forensic Medicine, Huvelva, Spain; 5Forensic
Science, Netherlands Forensic Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands;
6
Forensic Medicine, Bezmi Alem University Medical Faculty,
Istanbul, Turkey
1
SS06-2
16:30-17:00
IDENTIFICATION AND SIGNIFICANCE OF COLORANTS
IN FORENSIC CASEWORK
Christopher Palenik
Microtrace LLC, USA
SS06-3
17:00-17:30
ANALYSIS OF PEDOLOGICAL TRACES IN FORENSIC
PRACTICE
Marek Kotrlý
Institute of Criminalistics Prague, Czech Republic
SS06-4
O 01-4
14:45-15:00
FORENSIC MEDICAL AND SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE FOR
THE JUDICIARY
John Coldrey
17:30-18:00
ADVANTAGES OF GC TRIPLE QUADRUPOLE ANALYSIS
FOR FORENSIC APPLICATIONS
Hans-Joachim Huebschmann
Council, Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Melbourne,
Australia
O 01-6
15:00-15:15
THE ANOMALY OF A MONOPOLY ; DIFFICULTIES
ENCOUNTERED IN FORENSIC MEDICAL SERVICES IN
A COUNTRY WITH ONLY ONE FORENSIC INSTITUTE (A
PERSPECTIVE)
Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc, Singapore
Maya Furman-Reznic1, Chen Kugel2
208A (2F)
14:00-15:30
ORAL PRESENTATION 01 ETHIS/ LAW / EDUCATION/ QAQC (ELQ)
: ETHICS LAW EDUCATION
208B (2F)
CHAIRPERSONS
Soong Deok Lee (Korea), Pierre Margot (Switzerland)
O 01-1
14:00-14:15
100 YEARS OF FORENSIC SCIENCE EDUCATION THAT
WENT WRONG? WHERE TO FROM HERE?
Claude Roux1, Frank Crispino2, Olivier Ribaux3
Centre for Forensic Science, University of Technology, Sydney,
Broadway, Australia; 2Département Chimie-Biologie, Université
Du Québec À Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada; 3Ecole
Des Sciences Criminelles, University of Lausanne, Lausanne,
Switzerland
1
036
Forensic Medicine, Independant, Tel-Aviv, Israel; 2Forensic
Medicine, National Institute of Forensic Medicine, Tel-Aviv, Israel
1
IAFS Oral Presentation
14:00-15:30
ORAL PRESENTATION 02FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY (AP)
CHAIRPERSONS
Dae-Kyoon Park (Korea), Candice Small (South Africa)
O 02-1
14:00-14:15
ASSESSING SEXUAL DIMORPHISM AND ALLOMETRY
WITHIN A WHITE SOUTH AFRICAN SAMPLE USING
GEOMETRIC MORPHOMETRICSASSESSING SEXUAL
DIMORPHISM AND ALLOMETRY WITHIN A WHITE
SOUTH AFRICAN SAMPLE USING GEOMETRIC
MORPHOMETRICS
Candice Small, Desiré Brits, Jason Hemingway
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
Anatomical Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand,
Johannesburg, South Africa
O 03-3
O 02-2
Shruti Gupta, Rakesh Garg, Surinder Nath
14:15-14:30
SEXUAL DIMORPHISM IN FOOT LENGTH RATIOS
AMONG NORTH INDIAN POPULATION
Kewal Krishan1, Tanuj Kanchan1, Neelam Passi1
Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh,
India; 2Department of Forensic Medicine, Kasturba Medical
College, Mangalore, India
1
O 02-3
14:30-14:45
SEXUAL DIMORPHISM OF THE MANDIBLE IN THE
CONTEMPORARY CHINESE HAN POPULATION BY CONE
BEAM COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY EVALUATION
Hongmei Dong1, Mohong Deng2, Jiao Mu1, Ji Zhang1
Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College of
Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China;
2
Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Key Lab for Oral
Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, School and
Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
1
O 02-4
14:45-15:00
NEW APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
IN SEX ESTIMATION: DEVELOPMENT OF TURKISH
POPULATION STANDARDS
Oznur Gulhan, Karl Harrison
Department of Engineering and Applied Science, Cranfield
Forensic Institue, Swindon, United Kingdom
O 02-6
14:15-14:30
ESTIMATION OF RANGE OF NATURAL VARIATIONS FOR
SIZE AND PROPORTION OF LETTERS
Amity Institute of Forensic Sciences, Amity University, Noida,
India
O 03-4
14:30-14:45
A METHOD OF IDENTIFICATION OF HANDWRITTEN
LINES USING WAVELET AND SUBSPACE METHOD
Takeshi Furukawa
Forensic Science Laboratory, Ibaraki Prefectural Police
Headquarters, Mito, Japan
O 03-5
14:45-15:00
FORENSICS IN TORN PAPER PIECES - A CASE REPORT
Meenakshi Mahajan1
Home, Regional Forensic Science Laboratory, Nr, Dharamshala,
India; 2Home, State Forensic Science Laboratory, Shimla Hills,
Junga, India
1
O 03-6
15:00-15:15
VERIFICATION ON HANDWRITING OF ENDANGERED
PERSON
Wang Yanling1, Xiaofeng Bai2
Forensic Science Department, China Criminal Police College,
Shenyang, China; 2Document Examination, China Criminal Police
College, Shenyang, China
1
15:00-15:15
209 (2F)
14:00-15:30
APPLICATION OF CRANIOMETRIC DATA IN ASSESSING
ANCESTRAL RELATIONSHIPS OF ETHNIC GROUPS IN
SRI LANKA – A PRELIMINARY STUDY
Clifford Perera
ORAL PRESENTATION 04 MASS DISASTER (MD) : GENERALS OF DVI,
NEW METHODOLOGY OF DVI
Dept. of Forensic Medicine, University of Ruhuna Sri Lanka, Galle,
Sri Lanka
Ananda Samarasekera (Sri Lanka), Kyungmoo Yang (Korea)
CHAIRPERSONS
O 04-1
204 (2F)
14:00-15:30
ORAL PRESENTATION 03 QUESTIONED DOCUMENT (QD) : ANDWRITING
CHAIRPERSONS
Tadeusz Tomaszewski (Poland), Joong Lee (Korea)
O 03-1
14:00-14:15
THE INTEGRATED SCIENTIFIC APPROACH TO HUMAN
IDENTIFICATION IN CHALLENGING CONTEXTS
John Byrd1, Maria Delores Morcillo2, Michael Warren3, Thomas
Holland1, Cristina Cattaneo4, Udo Krenzer5, Duarte Nuno
Vieira6, Shuala Drawdy5, Luis Fondebrider7, Douglas Ubelaker8
Central Identification Laboratory, Department of Defense, Joint
Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam, HI, USA, United States; 2Identification
Coordinator, Committee on Missing Persons, Cyprus, Nicosia,
Cyprus; 3C.A. Pound Human Identification Laboratory, University
of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States; 4Pathology, University of
Milan, Milan, Italy; 5Forensic Services, International Committee of
the Red Cross, Geneva, Switzerland; 6Forensic Medicine/Forensic
Sciences, National Institute of Legal Medicine of Portugal,
Coimbra, Portugal; 7Laboratory, Argentinian Forensic Anthropology
1
14:00-14:15
EXAMINATION TO A TYPICAL CASE OF INNERVARIATIONAL CHINESE HANDWRITING AND RELATIVE
RESEARCH
Li Bing, Huang Xu
Key Laboratory For Evidence Law. (CUPL), Center Of Cooperative
Innovation For Judicial Civilization,China, Beijing, China
037
WFF2014
Team, Buenos Aires, Argentina; 8Anthropology, Smithsonian
Institution, Washington, D.C., United States
Korea (South)
O 05-4
O 04-2
14:15-14:30
THE IMPORTANCE OF MUTUAL ASSISTANCE ON DVI
OPERATIONS
Anton R. Castilani
Police Medicine, Centre for Medical and Health Services of the
Indonesian National Police, Jakarta, Indonesia
O 04-3
14:30-14:45
ONE-PAGE ALL-PURPOSE FORM FOR MASS DISASTERS
May Jennifer Apiado
Health, State Department, New Jersey, United States
O 04-5
14:45-15:00
A NEW APPROACH TO MASS DISASTER VICTIM
IDENTIFICATION USING DIGITAL FORENSIC ANALYSIS
Wook Kang1, Gyorae Jeong2
Pubic Administration, Korean National Police University, Yongin,
Korea (South); 2Police Science, Korean National Police University,
Yongin, Korea (South)
14:45-15:00
3D LASER SCANNING FOR CRIME AND ACCIDENT
RECONSTRUCTION
Craig Fries
Forensic Engineering, Precision Simulations, Inc, Grass Valley,
United States
O 05-5
15:00-15:15
ENVIRONMENTAL CRIMINOLOGY BASED ANALYSIS OF
MOTOR VEHICLE TRAFFIC COLLISIONS OCCURRED IN
THE FEDERAL DISTRICT, BRAZIL
Mauricio S Sercheli1, Bruno Telles2, Charles A Andrade1, Nagao
M Kawano1, Alexandre N Vicente1, Reynaldo M Soares1,
Wilson X Camargo Filho1, Juliano A Gomes2
Instituto de Criminalística, Polícia Civil do Distrito Federal,
Brasília, Brazil; 2Research Institute, Fundação de Peritos em
Criminalística Ilaraine Acácio Arce - FPCIAA, Brasília, Brazil
1
1
210 (2F)
14:00-15:30
ORAL PRESENTATION 05 FORENSIC ENGINEERING SCIENCE / GUN /
FIREARMS (ES/GF) : TRAFFIC ACCIDENT
O 05-6
Hao Feng, Jian-Guo Chen, Ze-Feng Zhang
Road Traffic Accident Analysis, Institute of Forensic Science,
Ministry of Justice, P.r.c, Shanghai, China
208A (2F)
CHAIRPERSONS
Stephen Michielsen (USA)
O 05-1
14:00-14:15
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF REAPPEARANCE FOR
SUDDEN ACCELERATION INCIDENTS
Sungji Park
CHAIRPERSONS
Bok Kyu Kwon (Korea), Carol Henderson (USA)
O 06-1
O 05-2
Melissa Taylor1, Ralph Kleuskens2
ACCIDENT RECONSTRUCTION OF CENTERLINE
CROSSING IN A TRACTOR-TRAILER TO MOTORCYCLE
CRASH
Jihun Choi, Jongchan Park, Songhee Kim, Wntek Oh
Traffic Accident Analsis Divsion, NFS(National Forensic Sevice),
wonju, Korea (South)
O 05-3
14:30-14:45
THREE-DIMENSIONAL CRUSH SCANNING METHODS
FOR RECONSTRUCTION OF VEHICLE COLLISION
ACCIDENTS
Inhwan Han, Heejin Kang
Mechanical and Design Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong,
038
16:00-18:00
ORAL PRESENTATION 06 ETHICS / LAW / EDUCATION / QAQC (ELQ) :
QCQA
Forensic Engineering, National Forensic Service, Seoul, Korea
(South)
14:15-14:30
15:15-15:30
ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENT SPEED ESTIMATION BY
VIDEO
16:00-16:15
THE STATE OF PROFICIENCY TESTS IN THE FORENSIC
SCIENCE COMMUNITY
Forensic Science Program, Office of Science Program, National
Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, United
States; 2Department Quality & process management, Netherlands
Forensic Institute, The Hague, Netherlands
1
O 06-3
16:15-16:30
QUALITY ASSURANCE TO WARRANT THE
"SCIENTIFICITY" OF FORENSIC SCIENCE: HOPE OR
ILLUSION?
Claude Roux1, Frank Crispino2, Olivier Ribaux3
Centre for Forensic Science, University of Technology, Sydney,
Broadway, Australia; 2Département Chimie-Biologie, Université
Du Québec À Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada; 3Ecole
1
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
Des Sciences Criminelles, University of Lausanne, Lausanne,
Switzerland
O 07-4
O 06-4
Chengqing Tang
16:30-16:45
THE STUDY OF RECORDS OF MEDICAL MALPRACTICE
IN THE FIELD OF NEUROLOGY IN MEDICAL COUNCIL
ORGANIZATION OF ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN FROM
2005 TO 2012
Seyyed Shahabeddin Sadr1, Mohammadhassan Ghadiani2
Physiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
Islamic Republic of; 2Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Shahid
Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Islamic
Republic of
1
O 06-6
16:45-17:00
IN FORENSIC SCIENCE WE TRUST?
Forensic Science, National Police University of China, Shenyang,
China
O 07-5
Law, University of Northumbria, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United
Kingdom
16:00-18:00
17:00-17:15
THE INFLUENCE OF DECOMPOSITION FLUIDS ON
THE DEGRADATION OF CLOTHING TEXTILES IN SOIL
GRAVES
Maiken Ueland, Shari L. Forbes, Barbara H. Stuart
Centre for Forensic Science, University of Technology Sydney,
Sydney, Australia
O 07-6
Carole Mccartney
208B (2F)
16:45-17:00
ESTIMATION OF STATURE FROM FOOTWEAR
IMPRESSIONS
17:15-17:30
A PITFALL OF RADIOCARBON ANALYSIS : BODIES
EMBALMED BY FORMALDEHYDE
Seung-Gyu Choi1, Ho-Hyeon Gong1, Sung-Jin Cho1, Hyung Nam
Goo1, Jong-Pil Park2, Jiyoon Shin2, Yi-Suk Kim3, Dae-Kyoon
Park4, U-Young Lee5, Nak-Eun Chung1
Department of Forensic Medicine Investigation, National
Forensic Service, Seoul Office, Seoul, Korea (South); 2Medical
Examiner's Office, National Forensic Service, Seoul Office,
Seoul, Korea (South); 3Department of Anatomy, Ewha Womans
University, Seoul, Korea (South); 4Department of Anatomy,
Soonchunhyang University, Seoul, Korea (South); 5Department of
Anatomy and Catholic Institute for Applied Anatomy, The Catholic
University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (South)
1
ORAL PRESENTATION 07 FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY (AP)
CHAIRPERSONS
Petra Urbanova (Czech Republic), Maiken Ueland (Australia)
O 07-1
16:00-16:15
A NEW 3D LANDMARK REFERENCE DATABASE FOR SEX
AND ANCESTRY ASSESSMENT IN HUMAN SKULLS
Petra Urbanova1, Ann Ross2
Department of Anthropology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech
Republic; 2Department of Sociology and Anthropology, North
Carolina State University, Raleigh, United States
1
O 07-2
16:15-16:30
THE STAGING METHOD OF STERNAL END OF CLAVICLE
EPIPHYSEAL GROWTH BY THIN LAYER CT SCAN AND
IMAGING RECONSTRUCTION
Ya-Hui Wang, Lei Wan, Chong-Liang Ying, Guang-You Zhu
Clinical Forensic Medicine, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Ministry
of Justice, People’s Republic of China, Shanghai, China
O 07-3
16:30-16:45
ASSESSING THE DISCRIMINATION OF HUMAN BONE
FROM NON-HUMAN BONE USING BONE HISTOLOGY
Hae-Joung Cho , Gil-Soo Kim , Su-Hwan Lee , Yi-Suk Kim
1, 2
1
1
2
Central Identification Laboratory, MND Agency for KIA Recovery
and Identification, Seoul, Korea (South); 2Forensic Anthropological
Laboratory & Department of Anatomy, Ewha Womans University
School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (South)
1
204 (2F)
16:00-18:00
ORAL PRESENTATION 08 QUESTIONED DOCUMENT (QD) : PAPER / INK /
FORGERY
CHAIRPERSONS
Salih Cengiz (Turkey), Joong Lee (Korea)
O 08-1
16:00-16:15
ALTERED UK ENTRY PERMITS
Muna Alsuwaidi
General Department of Forensic Science and Criminology, Dubai
Police Head Quarter, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
O 08-2
16:15-16:30
ANALYZING THE RELATIVE AGE OF PAPER BY
BIOTECHNOLOGY
Meng Zhaoyang
Liaoning Police Academy, Criminal Technology Department,
Dalian, China
039
WFF2014
O 08-3
16:30-16:45
DEVELOPMENT OF INFRARED SPECTROSCOPIC
IMAGING APPARATUS SUITABLE FOR DOCUMENT
EXAMINATION
Shigeru Sugawara1, Masaru Fujiwara2, Yo Suzuki2, Yoshihiko
Nakayama3, Ichiro Ishimaru2
Fourth Department of Forensic Science, National Research
Institute of Police Science, Kashiwa, Japan; 2Faculty of
Engineering, Kagawa University, Takamatsu, Japan; 3Product
Development Department, Aoi Electronics.co.,ltd., Takamatsu,
Japan
1
O 08-4
16:45-17:00
CHEMICAL VARIABILITY OF MODERN DAY PEN INKS BY
RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY
Andre Braz, Maria Lopez-Lopez, Carmen Garcia-Ruiz
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and
Chemical Engeneering, University Institute of Research in
Police Sciences (IUICP) - University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares
(Madrid), Spain
O 08-6
17:00-17:15
HOW MUCH CAN A FORENSIC LAB DO IN
DISCRIMINATING BALLPOINT INKS?
Qiran Sun, Yiwen Luo, Qinghua Zhang, Che Xu
Criminalistics, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice,
P.r. China, Shanghai, China
209 (2F)
16:00-18:00
O 09-3
16:30-16:45
DO FORENSIC INVESTIGATIONS EVALUATE THE AIR
CRAFT TRAGEDY WHICH HAPPENED 15 YEARS BACK IN
THE INDIAN OCEAN?
Ananda Samarasekara1, Prasanna Dasanayake2, Amal
Vadysinghe3, Uthpala Atygalle4, Muditha Vidanapathirana5,
Hadun Wijewardena6
Consultant Judicial Medical Officer, Nfth, Malambe, Sri Lanka;
Consultant Judicial Medical Officer, Base Hospital, Panadura,
Sri Lanka; 3Senior Lecturer, Department of Forensic Medicine,
Peradeniya, Sri Lanka; 4Consultant Judicial Medical Officer, Ilmt,
Colombo, Sri Lanka; 5Senior Lecturer, Department of Forensic
Medicine, Jayawardenapura, Sri Lanka; 6Consultant Judicial
Medical Officer, Base Hospital, Embilipitiya, Sri Lanka
1
2
O 09-4
16:45-17:00
POSITIVE DISASTER VICTIM IDENTIFICATION IN
JEDDAH FLOODS, KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA:
EXCEPTIONAL EXPERIENCE OF FORENSIC MEDICINE
TEAMS
Khalid Yousef Mattar1, Mamdouh Kamal Zaki1
Head of Forensic Medicine Department, Forensic Evidence
Administration, Ministry of Interior, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; 2Senior
Forensic Medical Examiner, Jeddah Forensic Medicine Center,
Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
1
O 09-5
17:00-17:15
DVI TEAM OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC - PAST, PRESENT,
FUTURE
Petr Bendl, Tomas Doubek, Petr Svarc
ORAL PRESENTATION 09 MASS DISASTER (MD) : ROLE OF FORENSIC
PATHOLOGY IN DVI, CASES OF MASS DISASTER
Dvi Team, Institution of Criminalistics Prague, Prague, Czech
Republic
CHAIRPERSONS
ESTABLISHING CAUSE OF DEATH AND SURVIVAL TIME
IN A SANTIAGO PRISON FIRE WITH MASS CASUALTIES
Andres Patino (Colombia), Philip Beh (Hong Kong)
O 09-1
16:00-16:15
THE IMPACT OF ASIAN TSUNAMI 2004 ON REDEFINING
THE ROLE OF FORENSIC PATHOLOGIST IN MASS
DISASTERS – SOUTH ASIAN STORY OF A DECADE
Clifford Perera1, Christopher Briggs2, Stephen Cordner3
Dept. of Forensic Medicine, University of Ruhuna Sri Lanka, Galle,
Sri Lanka; 2Dept. of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of
Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; 3, Victorian Institute of Forensic
Medicine, Melbourne, Australia
1
O 09-2
16:15-16:30
AUTOPSY IN DISASTER VICTIM IDENTIFICATION - IS IT
REALLY NECESSARY?
Chen Kugel1, Maya Furman-Reznic2, Alon Krispin1, Ori Eytan1
Forensic Medicine, National Institute of Forensic Medicine, TelAviv, Israel; 2Forensic Medicine, Independant, Tel-Aviv, Israel
1
040
O 09-6
17:15-17:30
Luis Ravanal Zepeda
Medical, Forenses Chile, Santiago, Chile
O 09-7
17:30-17:45
MANMADE VERSUS NATURAL DISASTER: DIFFERENT
IDENTIFICATION METHODS AND RESULT?
Oktavinda Safitry
Forensic and Medicolegal Studies Department, Faculty of
Medicine University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
210 (2F)
16:00-18:00
ORAL PRESENTATION 10 FORENSIC ENGINEERING SCIENCE / GUN /
FIREARMS (ES/GF) : FORENSIC SCIENCE /
FIREARMS AND EXPLOSIVE
CHAIRPERSONS
Peter Zoon (Netherlands), Donghwan Kim (Korea)
O 10-1
Feng Ji, Namrata Parekh, Stephen Michielsen
Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, North Carolina State
University, Raleigh, United States
16:15-16:30
FORENSIC DRONE: A NEW WEAPON IN THE BRAZILIAN
CRIME SCENE
Rodrigo Cerello, Rodrigo Mayrink, Carlos Alberto Trindade,
Mauro Neves
Departamento De Policia Federal, Setor Tecnico Cientifico, Belo
Horizonte, Brazil
O 10-3
16:30-16:45
THE EXPLOSIVES RESIDUE ANALYSIS BY ULTRA
PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHYQUADRUPOLE/TIME OF FLIGHT MASS SPECTROMETRY
Hyung-Seung Kim
Scientific Investigation Laboratory, MND Crime Investigation
Command, Seoul, Korea (South)
14:00-15:30
CRIMINAL TRANSMISSION OF HIV - CRIMINALIZATION
IN EU COUNTRIES
Gabor Kovacs
Department for Criminal Sciences, Szechenyi Istvan University,
Gyor, Hungary
P 01-6
16:00-16:15
A FUNDAMENTAL ANALYSIS OF BLOODSTAIN
PATTERNS ON TEXTILE MATERIALS
O 10-2
P 01-5
14:00-15:30
DEVELOPMENT OF POLICE HIGHER EDUCATION IN
CHINA
Zhang Hongguo, Chen Lihong, Zhang Yanchun
Key Laboratory of Impression Evidence Examination and
Identification Technology, China Criminal Police University,
Shenyang, China
P 01-7
14:00-15:30
PROVIDING FORENSICS TRAINING AND MENTORSHIP
TO THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY
Steven Johnson
Forensics and Biometrics, Ideal Innovations, Inc., Arlington, Va,
United States
P 01-8
14:00-15:30
ASSESSMENT OF PATIENTS’ AWARENESS OF THEIR
RIGHTS IN TEACHING HOSPITALS IN IRAN
Mehrzad Kiani, Shabnam Bazmi
Medical Ethics Department, Faculty of Traditional Medicine
-Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran -, Iran,
Islamic Republic of
P 01-14
14:00-15:30
Luis Ravanal Zepeda
MANAGEMENT MODEL OF CHAIN OF CUSTODY
FOCUSED ON IMPARTIALITY, INDEPENDENCE AND
ETHICS
Gustavo Costa
Medical, Forenses Chile, Santiago, Chile
Policia Federal, Ministerio Da Justiça, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
O 10-4
16:45-17:00
ONE BULLET OR TWO?
P 01-15
IAFS Poster Presentation
Auditorium Lobby (3F)
14:00-15:30
POSTER PRESENTATION 01 ETHICS / LAW / EDUCATION / QAQC (ELQ)
P 01-3
14:00-15:30
RESEARCH ON EXPERIMENTAL TEACHING OF
FORENSIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SPECIALTY IN
POLICE COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES
Yi Jin
Department of Trace Examination Technology, National Police
University of China, Shenyang, China
14:00-15:30
MEDICAL NEGLIGENCE AND STANDART OF CARE IN
ENGLISH LAW: BOLAM AND BOLITHO TESTS
Yasin Hasan Balcioglu, Filiz Ekim Cevik
Istanbul University, Institute of Forensic Medicine, Istanbul,
Turkey
P 01-16
14:00-15:30
DEATH ANXIETY IN STUDENTS OF STUDYING IN
VARIOUS HEALTH PROGRAMS RELATED TO HEALTH
PROFESSION
Ayse Kurtulus1, Sevgi Ozkan2, Hulya Sorkun3, Abdullah Cem
Sengul4, Kemalettin Acar1
Forensic Medicine, Pamukkale University Medical School,
Denizli, Turkey; 2Gynaecology Nursing, Pamukkale University
1
041
WFF2014
Healthcare College, Denizli, Turkey; 3Medical Laboratory,
Pamukkale University Healthcare Vocational School, Denizli,
Turkey; 4Psychiatry, Pamukkale University Medical School, Denizli,
Turkey
Aliustaoglu2
P 01-17
P 01-23
14:00-15:30
ACADEMIC-SCIENTIFIC PROFILE OF THE BRAZILIAN
FEDERAL POLICE'S SERVANTS WITH DOCTORATE
Guilherme Henrique Braga De Miranda
Forensic Medicine, Istanbul Üniversity Istanbul Medical Faculty,
Istanbul, Turkey; 2Forensic Medicine, Council Juctice of Ministry,
Istanbul, Turkey
1
14:00-15:30
National Police Academy, Federal Police Department, Brasília,
Brazil
ETHICS, MEDICAL LAW, AND PROFESSIONALISM
EDUCATION IN THE COMPETENCY BASED
CURRICULUM IN FACULTY OF MEDICINE UNIVERSITY
OF INDONESIA
Oktavinda Safitry
P 01-18
Forensic and Medicolegal Studies Department, Faculty of
Medicine University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
14:00-15:30
THE IBEROAMERICAN NETWORK OF FORENSIC
MEDICINE AND FORENSIC SCIENCES INSTITUTIONS
Duarte Vieira1, Morris Tidball-Binz 2
Centre of Forensic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University
of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; 2Forensic Division, International
Committee of Red Cross, Geneve, Switzerland
1
P 01-19
14:00-15:30
FORENSIC MEDICINE AND TOXICOLOGY IN UNDERGRADUATE MEDICAL CURRICULUM IN INDIA: PAST,
PRESENT AND THE FUTURE
Prashantha Bhagavath, Haneil D'souza
Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Kasturba Medical College
Manipal, Manipal University, Manipal, India
P 01-20
14:00-15:30
EVALUATION OF FORENSIC SCIENCE AND CRIMINAL
NEWS USING BUDD’S SCORE
Merve Oren1, Cuneyt Cenger2, Yuksel Yazici3, Hulya Dogan1,
Seyma Yenil1, Sadiye S Bag1, Yılmaz Yazici1, Zeynep Kırdı1,
Atiye Sozen1, Suheyla Aliustaoglu1
Public Health, Istanbul University, Istanbul Medical Faculty,
Istanbul, Turkey; 2Forensic Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul
Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; 3Forensic Medicine, Council of
Justice Ministry, Istanbul, Turkey
1
P 01-21
14:00-15:30
EVALUATION OF NEWS OF VIOLENCE AGAINST
WOMEN USING BUDD’S SCORE
Cuneyt Cenger1, Yılmaz Yazici2, Ahmet Acar2, Atiye Sozen1,
Ayse Demirel2, Yuksel Yazici3, Hulya Dogan2, Seyma Yenil2,
Sadiye Bag2, Zeynep Kırdı2
Forensic Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul Medical Faculty,
Istanbul, Turkey; 2Public Health, Istanbul University, Istanbul
Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; 3Forensic Medicine, Council of
JusticeMinistry, Istanbul, Turkey
1
P 01-22
14:00-15:30
MALPRACTICE IN PATHOLOGY: CASE REPORT
Haluk Ince1, Yuksel Yazıcı2, Cuneyt Cenger1, Suheyla
042
P 01-24
14:00-15:30
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH TRAFFIC FATALITY
ACCIDENT IN ELDERLY MEDELLÍN, 2005 TO 2010
Ruben Manrique, Eliana Giraldo, Veronica Romero
antioquia, Instituto nacional de Medicina Legal, Medellin,
Colombia
Auditorium Lobby (3F)
14:00-15:30
POSTER PRESENTATION 02 FORENSIC ENGINEERING SCIENCE / GUN /
FIREARMS (ES/GF)
P 02-1
14:00-15:30
THE RESEARCH OF NUMERICAL SIMULATION ON THE
LETHALITY OF NONSTANDARD FIREARM
Aoyang Yu
Forensic Science Department, National Police University of China,
Shenyang, China
P 02-2
14:00-15:30
OCCUPANT INJURY SIMULATION MODEL
DEVELOPMENT USING MADYMO ACTIVE HUMAN
MODEL
Seongjin Kim1, Woojeong Jeon1, Sungji Park2, Jongjin Park2,
Jongchan Park3
Physics & Engineering Division, Busan Institute, National
Forensic Service, Yangsan, Korea (South); 2Physics & Engineering
Division, Seoul Institute, National Forensic Service, Seoul, Korea
(South); 3Traffic Accident Analysis Division, National Forensic
Service, Wonju, Korea (South)
1
P 02-4
14:00-15:30
FORKLIFT SAFETY ACCIDENT ANALYSIS USING AN
ACCELEROMETER
Youngnae Lee1, Sungji Park2, Harin Cheong3
Daegu Institute, National Forensic Service, Daegu, Korea (South);
Seoul Institute, National Forensic Service, Seoul, Korea (South);
1
2
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
Forensic Medical Center, National Forensic Service, Wonju, Korea
(South)
3
Service, Yangsan, Korea (South)
P 02-13
P 02-5
14:00-15:30
INFLUENCE OF RATES OF SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
ON DYNAMICS OF VIOLENT ENCROACHMENTS WITH
FIREARMS APPLICATION
Yuriy Kolossov1, Mete Korkut Gulmen2
14:00-15:30
THE FAILURE OF A BUNGEE DROP IN AN AMUSEMENT
PARK
Chan-Seong Park1, Hong-Keun Ji2, Eui-Soo Kim1, Dong-Gyu
Lee1, Jeong-Woo Nam1, Jin-Pyo Kim1, Jae-Mo Goh3, Nam-Kyu
Park1
Dept. of Forensic Medicine, Astana Medical University, Astana,
Kazakstan; 2Dept.of Forensic Medicine, Cukurova University,
Adana, Turkey
Divison of Forensic Safety, National Forensic Service, Woon-ju,
Korea (South); 2Physical Engineering Section, National Forensic
Service Daejeon Agency, Daejeon, Korea (South); 3Gwang-ju
Agency, National Forensic Service, Gwang-ju, Korea (South)
P 02-6
P 02-14
1
14:00-15:30
DEFECT ANALYSIS OF DIE-CASTING ALUMINUM PAN
USING 3D X-RAY CT
Seunghun Sa, Changho Choi, Eunah Joo, Sungji Park, Jaegeun
Oh, Jinpyo Kim
1
14:00-15:30
RESEARCH ON CONSTRUCTING DATA FILES OF THE
VEHICLE TIRE TEXTURE
Hanxin Zhang
Physics Engineering, Seoul Institue/national Forensic Service,
Seoul, Korea (South)
Traffic, Explosive and Special Evidence Examination Faculty’s
Office, Department of Criminal Science, China Criminal Police
University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R, China
P 02-9
P 02-15
14:00-15:30
A PROCEDURE MODEL FOR EVALUATING CHANGE OF
VEHICLE AND DRIVER & PASSENGER'S INJURY IN
LOW-SPEED REAR IMPACT
Yongmin Ha, Hongseok Lee, Jihun Choi, Wontaek Oh, Hasun
Park, Myoungcheol Park, Songhee Kim, Jongchan Park
Traffic Accident Analysis Division, National Forensic Service,
Wonju, Korea (South)
P 02-10
14:00-15:30
DISTRIBUTION OF INORGANIC GUNSHOT
RESIDUE(GSR) PARTICLES IN TERMS OF DISTANCE,
DIRECTION AND WIND VELOCITY USING SCANNING
ELECTRON MICROSCOPY/ENERGY DISPERSIVE X-RAY
SPECTROMETRY(SEM/EDS)
Won-Seok Park, Bong-Hwan Lim
Scientific Investigation Laboratory, Criminal Investigation
Command, Ministry of National Defense, Seoul, Korea (South)
P 02-11
14:00-15:30
QUANTITATIVE COMPARISON OF STRIATED
TOOLMARKS
Peter Zoon, Martin Baiker, Rene Pieterman, Isaac Keereweer
14:00-15:30
RESEARCH ON VEHICLE TIRE BLOWOUT IN ROAD
TRAFFIC ACCIDENT
Hanxin Zhang
Traffic, Explosive and Special Evidence Examination Faculty’s
Office, Department of Criminal Science, China Criminal Police
University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R.China, China
P 02-17
14:00-15:30
STUDY ON TRAFFIC ACCIDENT ANALYSIS USING
DIGITAL TACHOGRAPH DATA
Jong Jin Park1, Sung Ji Park1, Jong Chan Park2
Physics & Engineering Division, Seoul institute, National Forensic
Service, Seoul, Korea (South); 2Traffic Accident Analysis Division,
National Forensic Service, Wonju, Korea (South)
1
P 02-18
14:00-15:30
ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CRIMINOLOGY OF
PEDESTRIAN CRASHES IN FEDERAL DISTRICT, BRAZIL
Bruno Telles1, Maurício Sercheli1, Charles Andrade2, Nagao
Kawano2, Reynaldo Soares2, Alexandre Vicente2, Wilson
Camargo2, Juliano Gomes1
Microtraces, Netherlands Forensic Institute, The Hague,
Netherlands
Reseach, Fundação De Peritos Em Criminalística Ilaraine Acácio
Arce, Brasília (Df), Brazil; 2Instituto De Criminalística, Polícia Civil
Do Distrito Federal, Brasília (Df), Brazil
P 02-12
P 02-19
14:00-15:30
1
14:00-15:30
TRAFFIC ACCIDENT RECONSTRUCTION USING AERIAL
PHOTOGRAPH
Woojeong Jeon, Seongjin Kim, Byungseon Moon
PATTERN ANALYSIS OF PHYSICAL EVIDENCE - A NOVEL
APPROACH TO ACCIDENT RECONSTRUCTION
Don Hennry Lalithsiry Welansias Jayamanne
Physics & Engineering Division, Busan Institute, National Forensic
Deputy Government Analyst, Government Analyst’s Department,
043
WFF2014
P 03-11
31, Isuru Mawatha, Pelawatta, Sri Lanka
Auditorium Lobby (3F)
16:00-18:00
16:00-18:00
THE FEATURES OF CHINESE CHARACTER SIGNATURE
AND ITS APPLICATION IN FORENSIC PRACTICE
Xu Yang
POSTER PRESENTATION 03 - QUESTIONED
DOCUMENT (QD)
Department of Criminalistcs, Institute of Forensic Science,ministry
of Justice P.r. China, Shanghai, China
P 03-3
P 03-13
16:00-18:00
EXTRACTION AND ANALYSIS ON WIDTH, GRAY SCALE
AND RADIAN IN CHINESE SIGNATURES
Xiaohong Chen
Criminal Technology, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of
Justice, Shanghai, China
P 03-4
16:00-18:00
APPLYING HIGH PERFORMANCE THIN LAYER
CHROMATOGRAPHY (HPTLC) AND RAMAN
SPECTROSCOPY IN COMBINATION WITH PAPER
CHARACTERISTIC MEASURMENT TO DETECT AGING
DOCUMENT
Hoang Manh Hung
Research, Institute of Forensic Science Vietnam, Ha Noi, Vietnam
P 03-5
16:00-18:00
16:00-18:00
THE COMIC AND HUMAN BODY TATTOO
HANDWRITING EXAMINATION
Wang Yanling1, Xiaofeng Bai2
Forensic Science Department, China Criminal Police College,
Shenyang, China; 2Document Examination, China Criminal Police
College, Shenyang, China
1
P 03-14
16:00-18:00
RESEARCH ON KOREAN HANDWRITING ANALYSIS
AND STATISTICAL EXPERIMENT BETWEEN LAYPEOPLE
AND PROFESSIONAL EXAMINERS
Tae-Yi Kang
Digtial Technology & Biometry Division, National Forensic Service,
Wonju-Si, Korea (South)
PROBLEMS WITH THE USE OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF
PENS IN COUNTERFEITING AND FORGERY IN EGYPT : A
CASE STUDY
Yasser Askar
P 03-16
Forgery and Counterfeiting, Medico-Legal Institute, Assiut, Egypt
Criminalistics, Institue of Forensic Science, Ministy of Justice, Prc,
Shanghai, China
P 03-7
16:00-18:00
ARTIFICIAL AGING OF PURE INK DYE CRISTAL VIOLET
AND RELATIONS WITH NATURAL INK AGING
Salih Cengiz1, Dilek Salkim Islek1, Esra Isat1, Burak Hasim
Gungor1, Huseyin Cimsit2
Basic Sciences, Institute of Forensic Sciences,istanbul University,
Istanbul, Turkey; 2Cimsit, Law Co. Barbaros Bul. 16 Besiktas,
Istanbul, Turkey
1
P 03-8
16:00-18:00
FORENSIC CLASSIFICATION OF BLACK GEL INKS USING
OPTICAL AND SPECTRAL TECHNIQUES
Yiwen Luo, Che Xu, Qiran Sun
P 03-17
16:00-18:00
A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE INDIVIDUALITIES
OF MONOCHROMIC LASER PRINTERS BASED ON
BANDING FEATURES
Ning Liu1, George Chiu2, Chuntao Chen1, Daozhong Lv1
Department of Forensic Science, Jiangsu Police Institute,
Nanjing, China; 2School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue
University, West Lafayette, United States
1
16:00-18:00
RESEARCH ON THE TRACKING CODES OF COMMON
COLOR LASER PRINTED DOCUMENTS
Nan Wang, Xu Yang
P 03-20
Department of Criminalistics, Institute of Forensic Science,
Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, China
Qinghua Zhang, Xu Yang, Qiran Sun, Yiwen Luo, Yachen Wang,
Che Xu
P 03-9
Criminalisitics, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice,
Prc, Shanghai, China
16:00-18:00
IDENTIFICATION THE SEQUENCE OF LASER
PRINTING AND STAMP BY THE GOLD-YELLOW MARK
CHARACTERISTIC
Li Jiangchun
Detective Department, Hubei University of Police, Wuhan, China
044
16:00-18:00
DISCRIMINATION OF BLACK TONERS USING FT-IR
COMBINED WITH CHEMOMETRICS
P 03-21
16:00-18:00
WIDE-FIELD INFRARED SPECTROSCOPIC IMAGING FOR
NON-DESTRUCTIVE COMPONENT ANALYSIS
Masaru Fujiwara1, Wei Qi1, Yo Suzuki1, Satsuki Hosono1,
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
Pradeep.k.w. Abeygunawardhana1, Satoru Suzuki1, Shigeru
Sugawara3, Akira Nishiyama2, Kenji Wada2, Ichirou Ishimaru1
Faculty of Engineering, Kagawa University, Takamatsu, Japan;
Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Takamatsu, Japan;
3
Fourth Department of Forensic Science, National Research
Institute of Police Science, Kashiwa, Japan
1
2
P 03-23
16:00-18:00
DISTINGUISHING AND EXAMINATION OF CHINESE
CHARACTERS’ TRANSCRIPTION HANDWRITING AND
IMITATION HANDWRITING
Lan Heng
Institute of Forensic Science Tianjin Public Security Bureau,
Questioned Documents Department, Tianjin, China
P 03-26
16:00-18:00
UNDERSTANDING (COMPUTER) QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH ON HANDWRITING IDENTIFICATION
CORRECTLY
Xiaofeng Bai
Document Examination, China Criminal Police College, Shenyang,
China
P 03-27
16:00-18:00
APPLICATION OF SPECTRAL IMAGING AND
RESISTANCE MEASUREMENT EXAMINATION IN THE
FORENSIC STUDY OF QUESTIONED DOCUMENTS
INVOLVING CHANGED HANDWRITING WRITTEN BY
BLACK CARBONACEOUS GEL INK
Wei Han, Jiantong Huang, Yusheng Zhang
Institute of Forensic Science, People's Public Security University of
China, Beijing, China
P 03-28
16:00-18:00
APPLICATION OF ATTENUATED TOTAL REFLECTANCE
FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED SPECTROSOPY (ATRFTIR) FOR THE SIMPLE IDENTIFICATION OF COUTERFEIT
VIAGRA® AND CIALIS® TABLETS
Kown-Chul Noh2, Yun-Sik Nam1, Kang-Bong Lee1
Advance Analysis Center, Korea Institute Science and Technology,
Seoul, Korea (South); 2Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
(South)
1
A CASE REPORT
Meenakshi Mahajan1
Home, Regional Forensic Science Laboratory, Northern Range,
Dharamshala, India; 2Education, Govt. College, Sanjouli, Shimla,
India; 3Home, State Forensic Science Laboratory, Shimla Hills,
Junga, India
1
P 03-31
16:00-18:00
INDIVIDUALITY OF ADOLESCENT HANDWRITING THAT
APPEAR TO BE SIMILAR
Chiew Yung Yang, Chin-Chin Lim
Forensic Science, The Forensic Experts Group, Singapore
P 03-32
16:00-18:00
USE OF GRAPHOLOGY IN VARIOUS PROFESSIONS WITH
THE INCLUSION OF FORENSIC SCIENCES AND LAW
ENFORCEMENT PRACTISE
Filiz Ekim Cevik, Huseyin Cakan, Murat Ogdur
Institute of Forensic Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
P 03-34
16:00-18:00
TOF-SIMS IMAGING AND DEPTH PROFILING OF PEN
INKS, RED SEALING INKS, AND LASER TONERS ON
QUESTIONED DOCUMENTS
Jihye Lee, Seon Hee Kim, Kang-Bong Lee, Yeonhee Lee
Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and
Technology, Seoul, Korea (South)
P 03-35
16:00-18:00
THE BRAZILIAN DOCUMENTS EXAMINATION
KNOWLEDGE TREE BASED ON THE GRADUATE PAPER
OF THE NATIONAL POLICE ACADEMY - 2012 AND 2014
Guilherme Henrique Braga De Miranda, Gilson Matilde Diana
National Police Academy, Federal Police Department, Brasília,
Brazil
P 03-36
16:00-18:00
NONAQUEOUS CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS FOR
HIGH SENSITIVE SIMULTANEOUS DETECTION OF
SYNTHETIC ORGANIC DYES IN HANDWRITING INKS
Seung-Hoon Bahng1, Tae-Myung Sung1, Moonhee Park3,
Hyunho Lee2, Seong Ho Kang2
IDFS, CIC, Seoul, Korea, Korea (South); 2Applied Chemistry,
Kyung Hee University, Kihung, Korea, Korea (South); 3Graduate
School,Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, Kihung, Korea (South)
1
P 03-29
16:00-18:00
THE STATISTICAL STUDIES OF THE COLLECTIVE
EXPERIMENT ON HANDWRITINGS OF SAME GENDER
RELATIVES
Peng Xie, Jing Qin
China Questioned Document Examinations, National Police
University of China, Shenyang, China
P 03-30
16:00-18:00
FORENSIC EXAMINATION OF VERMILLION WRITINGS:
P 03-38
16:00-18:00
COMPUTER MEASUREMENT TOOLS FOR ANALYSIS OF
HANDWRITING AND SIGNATURES -GLOBALGRAF II
PROGRAMME PACKAGE
Mieczysaw Goc, Tadeusz Tomaszewski, Marek Miron, Andrzej
Łuszczuk, Krystyn Łuszczuk
045
WFF2014
Dokument Examination Unit, Polish Forensic Association, Poland
P 03-39
16:00-18:00
TYPES OF FORGERIES ON VISAS
Sunil Ariya Batakandage
Government Examiner of Questioned Documents, Government
Analyst’s Department, Pelawatta, Battaramulla, Sri Lanka
Auditorium Lobby (3F)
16:00-18:00
POSTER PRESENTATION 04 - OTHERS
P 04-1
Bogdan Malinescu1, Mariana Rosu2, Constantin Vlagioiu3,
Iuliana Piciorus4, Victorita Stefanescu5
Head of the Institution, Ilfov Medico-Legal Service, Bucharest,
Romania; 2Department of Antropology, National Institute of Legal
Medicine “Mina Minovici”, Bucharest, Romania; 3Department
of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bucharest,
Romania; 4Department of Radiology, National Institute of Legal
Medicine “Mina Minovici”, Bucharest, Romania; 5Department
of Radiology and Medical Imaging, "Dunarea De Jos" University,
Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Galati, Romania
1
P 05-5
16:00-18:00
SUICIDE BY SUMERSION TIED TO A BICYCLE
Khalid Jaber
16:00-18:00
A TEST OF THE FORDISC SOFTWARE ON MODERN
KOREAN MANDIBLES
Helen Cho1, Kyung-Seok Hu2, Hee-Jin Kim2
Ministry of Health, Directorate of Forensic Centers, Riyadh, Saudi
Arabia
Department of Anthropology, Davidson College, Davidson, Nc,
United States; 2Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry,
Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea (South)
P 04-2
P 05-6
1
16:00-18:00
THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CRIME LABORATORY
DIRECTORS "TO PROMOTE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF
CRIME LABORATORY LEADERS THROUGHOUT THE
WORLD BY FACILITATING COMMUNICATION AMONG
MEMBERS, SHARING CRITICAL INFORMATION,
PROVIDING RELEVANT TRAINING, PROMOTING CRIME
LABORATORY ACCREDITATION, AND ENCOURAGING
SCIENTIFIC AND MANAGERIAL EXCELLENCE IN THE
GLOBAL FORENSIC COMMUNITY
Brady Mills, Jody Wolf
American Society of Crime Laboratory Directors, Austin TX, United
States
P 04-3
16:00-18:00
THE INTERNATIONAL FORENSIC STRATEGIC ALLIANCE
Alastair Ross
SMANZFL, Australia
P 04-4
16:00-18:00
INTERNATIONAL FORENSIC STRATEGIC ALLIANCE
(IFSA) MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS DOCUMENTS
Brady Mills, Jody Wolf
ASCLD, USA
Auditorium Lobby (3F)
16:00-18:00
POSTER PRESENTATION 05 FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY (AP)
P 05-4
046
MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF THE SKULLS BY MOIRÉ
CONTOUROGRAPHY
Dae-Kyoon Park1, Jae-Woo Kang4, Jin-Whan Ryu4, Duk-Soo
Kim1, Kyungho Park1, U-Young Lee2, Yi-Suk Kim3
Department of Anatomy, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan,
Korea (South); 2Department of Anatomy, Catholic University,
Seoul, Korea (South); 3Department of Anatomy, Ewha Womans
University, Seoul, Korea (South); 4NICE, College of Medicine,
Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, Korea (South)
1
P 05-7
16:00-18:00
16:00-18:00
SEX DETERMINATION USING 3D IMAGE FROM THE
MEDIAL AND LATERAL CONDYLES OF THE FEMUR
Deog-Im Kim1, Dai-Soon Kwak2, Seung-Ho Han3
Department of Nursing, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea
(South); 2Department of Anatomy, The Catholic University of
Korea, Seoul, Korea (South); 3Department of Anatomy, Chung-Ang
University, Seoul, Korea (South)
1
P 05-9
16:00-18:00
A TAPHONOMIC APPROACH TO THE STUDY OF HUMAN
BODY DECOMPOSITION IN AEROBIC CONDITIONS:
A CONTRIBUTION OF FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY TO
CEMETERIES MANAGEMENT
Maria Gama, Duarte Vieira, Maria Ferreira
Centre of Forensic Sciences (CENCIFOR), Faculty of Medicine of
the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
P 05-10
BEAR PAW OR HUMAN HAND? FORENSIC METHODS OF
DIFFERENTIATION
16:00-18:00
16:00-18:00
THE APPLICATION OF REDUCTION TECHNIQUE AND
ITS CONTRIBUTION TO THE BONES IDENTIFICATION
AT LABORATORY OF FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY FROM
CEMEL/FMRP-USP
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
Jose Marcelo Secchieri, Raffaela Arrabaca Francisco, Teresa
Cristina Pantozzi Silveira, Marco Aurelio Guimaraes
Pathology and Legal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School,
University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
P 05-11
16:00-18:00
RECORDING BOOK FOR INDIGENTS AND UNKNOWN
DECEASED AT CEMEL/FMRP-USP, BRAZIL: HOW A
SIMPLE CARE CAN HELP RELATIVES TO FIND MISSED
PEOPLE
Teresa Cristina Pantozzi Silveira, Raffaela Arrabaca Francisco,
Jose Marcelo Secchieri, Marco Aurelio Guimaraes
Pathology and Legal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School,
University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
P 05-12
16:00-18:00
MICROSCOPIC RESIDUES OF BONE FROM DISSOLVING
HUMAN REMAINS IN ACIDS
University of Florence, Florence, Italy; 2Department of Biomedical
Sciences-Legal Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy;
3
Service of Anatomy Pathology, Hospital S. Francesco, Nuoro, Italy
P 05-16
16:00-18:00
GLYCOSYLATED PROTEINS PRESERVED OVER
MILLENNIA: N-GLYCAN ANALYSIS OF TYROLEAN
ICEMAN, SCYTHIAN PRINCESS AND WARRIOR
Bum Jin Kim, Hyun Joo An
Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam
National University, Daejeon, Korea (South)
P 05-18
16:00-18:00
IDENTIFICATION OF 60 YEARS OLD SKELETON IN THE
GRAVEYARD, BY MEANS OF ORTHOPEDIC SCREW
IMPLANTS
Djaja Surya Atmadja1, Evi Untoro2
Microtraces, Netherlands Forensic Institute, The Hague,
Netherlands
Department of Forensic Medicine and Medico-legal, Faculty of
Medicine University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia; 2Instalation
of Forensic Medicine, Sentra Medika Cibinong Hospital, Bogor,
Indonesia
P 05-13
P 05-19
Peter Zoon, Erwin Vermeij, Reza Gerretsen, Mayonne Van Wijk
16:00-18:00
EXECUTION AND HIDING CRIMES OF BODIES IN
SUGARCANE IN THE CITY OF RIBEIRAO PRETO - SAO
PAULO/BRAZIL
Raffaela Arrabaca Francisco, Teresa Cristina Pantozzi Silveira,
Jose Marcelo Secchieri, Moacyr Lobo Costa Jr., Marco Aurelio
Guimaraes
1
16:00-18:00
SUCCESSFULNESS OF AN IDENTIFIED DEAD BODY
FROM THE SILICONE NUMBER
Narttida Susri, Pol. Capt Rachadaporn Mornmoung
Bureau of Missing Person Identification, Central Institute of
Forensic Science, Bangkok, Thailand
Pathology and Legal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School,
University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
P 05-14
16:00-18:00
RADIOLOGIC IDENTIFICATION OF SKELETAL REMAINS
FOUND IN SARDINIAN 'SUPRAMONTE' USING
MULTISLICE COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
Valentina Piredda1, Maurizio Conti2, Stefano Profili3, Giuseppe
Manzoni2, Gian Battista Meloni2, Francesco Meloni3, Elena
Mazzeo1
Department of Biomedical Sciences- Legal Medicine, University
of Sassari, Sassari, Italy; 2Department of Clinical and Experimental
Medicine, Diagnostic Imaging, Radiotherapy and Neuroradiology,
University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy; 3Service of Radiology, Hospital
SS. Annunziata, Sassari, Italy
1
P 05-15
16:00-18:00
FLUMINEDDU'S CAVE BONES IN SARDINIAN
'SUPRAMONTE' (ITALY): A MULTIDISCIPLINARY
APPROACH FOR THEIR IDENTIFICATION
Martina Focardi1, Valentina Piredda2, Vindice Mingioni3, Elena
Mazzeo2
Department of Health Sciences-Forensic Sciences Section,
1
047
WFF2014
October 16 (Thursday)
Grand Ballroom 105 (1F)
SPECIAL SESSION 09 FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY (OD) - IOFOS SESSION
IAFS Special Session
Grand Ballroom 103 (1F)
09:00-10:30
SPECIAL SESSION 07 FINGERPRINT/SCENE INVESTIGATION (FPR)
CHAIRPERSONS
Michael Grabber (USA), Yong Chul Park (Korea)
SS07-1
09:00-09:30
DIFFERING CONCLUSIONS
Won Boon Park
09:30-10:00
PALM-PRINT SYSTEM IN JAPAN
Tsutomu Kiryu
10:00-10:30
COMPARISON AND SEARCH METHODOLOGIES FOR
LATENT PALM PRINTS
Aimee Qulia
09:00-09:10
WELCOME SPEECH
Chong-Youl Kim
Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Korea
09:10-09:40
DENTAL IDENTIFICATION OF HUMAN REMAINS FROM
MASS GRAVES
Hrvoje Brkic
University of Zagreb, Croatia
09:40-10:10
DENTAL AGE ESTIMATION STUDIES SYSTEMATICALLY
REVIEWED
Patrick Thevissen
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KULeuven), Belgium
SS09-3
10:10-10:40
DISASTER VICTIM IDENTIFICATION THE DUBAI
DISASTER 1972 AND LATER DEVELOPMENT OF DVI
Tore Solheim
FBI, USA
Grand Ballroom 104 (1F)
Chong-Youl Kim (Korea), Vilma Pinchi (Italy)
SS09-2
National Police Agency of Japan, Japan
SS07-3
CHAIRPERSONS
SS09-1
Public Safety / King County Sheriff’s Office, USA
SS07-2
09:00-10:40
09:00-10:30
Dental Faculty of Oslo, Norway
SPECIAL SESSION 08 FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY (AP)
Grand Ballroom 103 (1F)
CHAIRPERSONS
Dawnie Steadman (USA), Nak-Eun Chung (Korea)
SS08-1
09:00-09:30
SPECIAL SESSION 10 FINGERPRINT/SCENE INVESTIGATION (SI)
RECENT ADVANCES IN FIRENSIC ANTHRO POLOGY
Douglas H Ubelaker
CHAIRPERSONS
Smithsonian Institution’s National Museum of Natural History,
USA
SS10-1
SS08-2
09:30-10:00
THE ANALYSIS OF SKELETAL COMMINGLE REMAINS, A
MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH
Luis Fondebrider
EAAF(Argentine Forensic Anthropology Team), Argentina
10:00-10:30
Q&A
Jin W. Kim (Korea), Jinseong Cheong (Korea)
11:00-11:30
APPLYING THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD TO FORENSIC
EXAMINATIONS
Brian Yamashita
Royal Canadian Mounted Police, Canada
SS10-2
11:30-12:00
THE THEORETICAL BASIS OF BLOODSTAIN PATTERN
ANALYSIS
Ross Gardner
Bevel, Gardner, and Associates, USA
SS10-3
CRIME SCENE RECONSTRUCTION
Henry Lee
048
11:00-15:00
12:00-12:30
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
Vilma Pinchi
Scientific Services for the State of Connecticut, USA
SS10-4
14:00-14:30
FBI EVIDEBCE RESPONSE TEAM APPROACH TO CRIME
SCENE MANAGEMENT
Michael Grabber
University of Florence – I.O.F.O.S, Italy
12:00-12:30
Q&A
FBI, USA
Grand Ballroom 103 (1F)
14:30-15:00
Q&A
16:00-17:00
SPECIAL SESSION 13 ETHICS / LAW / EDUCATION / QAQC (ELQ)
CHAIRPERSONS
Anja Einseln (USA), EunMi Kim (Korea)
Grand Ballroom 104 (1F)
11:00-12:30
SPECIAL SESSION 11 FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY (AP)
Helen Cho (USA), Dae-Kyoon Park (Korea)
Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea
11:00-11:30
THE ROLE OF FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY IN
INTERNATIONAL FORENSIC HUMAN RIGHTS
INVESTIGATIONS
Dawnie Steadman
11:30-12:00
MICROANALYSIS OF INVASIVE TRAUMAS: AN
INTEGRATED MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH INTO
MANNER OF DEATH
Reza Gerretsen, Peter D. Zoon
Netherlands Forensic Istitute, Netherlands
Q&A
11:00-12:30
CHAIRPERSONS
Chang-Lyuk Yoon (Korea), Herman Bernitz (South Africa)
11:00-11:30
DOES THE HUMAN DENTITION HAVE TO BE UNIQUE
FOR THE ACCEPTANCE OF BITE MARK ANALYSIS?
Herman Bernitz
University of Pretoria, South Africa
SS12-2
ASCLD-LAB, USA
Grand Ballroom 104 (1F)
14:00-15:30
SPECIAL SESSION 14 - MASS DISASTER (MD)
Mohd Shah Mahmood (Malaysia), Chang-Lyuk Yoon (Korea)
SS14-1
SPECIAL SESSION 12 FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY (OD) - IOFOS SESSION
SS12-1
16:30-17:00
CHAIRPERSONS
12:00-12:30
Grand Ballroom 105 (1F)
SS13-2
WHY TEN GRAMS OF PREVENTION IS WORTH A
KILOGRAM OF CURE WHEN TALKING ABOUT ETHICS
IN FORENSIC SCIENCE: GOOD PRACTICES AND
UNFORTUNATE DISASTERS
Anja Einseln
The University of Tennessee, USA
SS11-2
16:00-16:30
FORENSIC SCIENCE AND LEGALIZATION – LESSON
FROM CRIMINAL DNA DB IN KOREA
Soong Deok Lee
CHAIRPERSONS
SS11-1
SS13-1
AUSTRALIAN DVI SYSTEM AND MULTI-NATIONAL COOPERATION IN DVI
Stephen Cordner
Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Australia
SS14-2
11:30-12:00
14:30-15:00
HUMANITARIAN FORENSIC ACTION FOR THE
MANAGEMENT AND IDENTIFICATION OF HUMAN
REMAINS FROM ARMED CONFLICTS AND
CATASTROPHES
Morris Tidball-Binz
International Committee of the Red Cross, Switzerland
SS14-3
EDUCATION AND QUALIFICATION IN FORENSIC
ODONTOLOGY
14:00-14:30
15:00-15:30
DVI IN AFRICA AND CHALLENGES OF DISASTER
MANAGEMENT
Uwom O Eze
049
WFF2014
University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan and African Society of
Forensic Medicine (ASFM), Nigeria
Egyptian Forensic Medicine Authority, Egypt
3WFS-4
Grand Ballroom 104 (1F)
16:00-17:30
SPECIAL SESSION 15 - MASS DISASTER (MD)
CHAIRPERSONS
Anton Castilani (Indonesia), James Kalougivaki (Fiji)
SS15-1
16:00-16:30
DEVELOPMENT OF DVI SYSTEM FOR SRI LANKA
CURRENT STATE OF FORENSIC IN NIGIRIA : POTENTIAL
SCIENCES YET UNREALIZED
Uwom Eze
University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan and African Society of
Forensic Medicine (ASFM), Nigeria
3WFS-5
08:20-08:30
CURRENT STATE OF FORENSIC MEDICINE IN IRAN
Ananda Samarasekera
Arash Okazi
Faculty of Medicine, South Asain Institute of Technology and
Medicine, Sri Lanka
Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
SS15-2
PANEL DISCUSSION
16:30-17:00
08:10-08:20
3WFS-5
08:30-09:00
THE MALAYSIAN DISASTER VICTIM IDENTIFICATION
EXPERIENCE: PROJECTING DVI COOPERATION IN
SOUTHEAST ASIA
Mohd Shah Mahmood
AAFS Scientific Session I
National Institute of Forensic Medicine
SS15-3
Auditorium (3F)
17:00-17:30
PROVIDING FORENSIC EXPERTISE TO RESPOND
RAPIDLY TO MAN-MADE MASS DISASTERS
Andras Vamos-Goldman
08:25-17:45
AAFS SCIENTIFIC SESSION I FORENSIC SCIENCE AND EMERGING LEGAL
POLICY
CHAIRPERSONS
Daniel A. Martell (USA)
Justice Rapid Response, Switzerland
O 56-1
08:30-08:45
FORENSIC POLICY IN THE U.S.
3rd World Forensic Sciences
Grand Ballroom 103 (1F)
Victor W. Weedn
07:40-09:00
CHAIRPERSONS
O 56-2
Sherin S. Ghaleb (Egypt), Nak-Eun Chung (Korea)
3WFS-1
07:40-07:50
CURRENT STATUS OF FORENSIC SCIENCE IN
INDONESIA
DELIVERY OF FORENSIC SCIENCES IN NORTH
AMERICA: TWO CONCEPTUAL MODELS
Douglas Lucas1, Barry Fisher2
Burlington, Ontario, Canada; 2Indio, CA, United States
O 56-3
Faculty of Medicine University of Indonesia, Indonesia
07:50-08:00
Carol Henderson
Ogail El Nour Sewar El Dahab
Stetson University, Gulfport, FL, United States
Arab Union of Forensic Physicians, Sudan
O 56-4
08:00-08:10
ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE
IN EGYPT
Magdy kharoshah
050
09:15-09:30
THE FUTURE RELATIONSHIP OF LAW AND FORENSIC
SCIENCE: A COLLABORATIVE MODEL
CURRENT STATE OF FORENSIC MEDICINE IN SUDAN
3WFS-3
08:45-09:15
1
Djaja Surya Atmadja
3WFS-2
George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
09:30-09:45
ERROR REPORTING: REPLACING BLAME WITH
SOLUTIONS
Steven D. Benjamin, Betty Layne DesPortes
Benjamin & DesPortes, PC, Richmond, VA, United States
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
O 56-5
09:45-10:00
AN ATTORNEY’S VIEW OF BITE MARK ADMISSIBILITY
IN UNITED STATES COURTS
Stuart A. Caplan1, Howard Kaufman2
University of Tennessee School of Dentistry, Memphis, TN,
United States; 2Boca Raton, FL, United States
1
ROMANIAN URBAN TERRITORY
Lavinia Iancu1, Cristina Purcarea2
Grigore Antipa National Museum of Natural History, Romania;
Institute of Biology of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest,
Romania
1
2
O 56-12
O 56-6
10:00-10:15
THE NAS REPORT: A PATH FORWARD FOR
STRENGTHENING FORENSIC SCIENCE IN THE WORLD?
Duarte N. Vieira
Full Professor of Forensic Medicine and Forensic Sciences University of Coimbra; President of the European Council of
Legal Medicine; Chairman of the Scientific Advisory Board of the
Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court Coimbra, Portugal
Forensic Research & Analysis, Portland, OR, United States;
Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Oregon Health & Science
University, Portland, OR, United States; and Aarhus University,
Aarhus N, Denmark
1
2
O 56-13
12:00-12:15
INJURIES ARISING FROM GLASS DRINKING VESSELS
USED IN STABBING AND SLASHING ATTACKS
S.V. Hainsworth, R. Pitchford, R.W. Earp, S.J. Hamilton, G.N.
Rutty
TERRORISM AND CRIMES AGAINST
HUMANITY
CHAIRPERSONS
Daniel A. Martell (USA)
O 56-7
11:45-12:00
AN UNUSUAL CASE OF COMMOTIO CORDIS .. SIDE
IMPACT AIRBAG (CSI?)
Michael D. Freeman2, Paul Cahn1
University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
10:15-10:30
EVALUATING A BOSNIAN WAR CRIMINAL FOR THE
WORLD COURT IN THE HAGUE
Daniel A. Martell
MULTIDISCIPLINARY PERSPECTIVES IN
FORENSIC IDENTIFICATION
Park Dietz & Associates, Newport Beach, CA, United States
Betty Layne DesPortes (USA)
CHAIRPERSONS
O 56-14
ADVANCES IN CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION
CHAIRPERSONS
Daniel A. Martell (USA)
O 56-8
10:45-11:00
CRIME SCENE RECONSTRUCTION
Henry C. Lee
O 56-9
11:00-11:15
THE EXAMINATION OF BIOLOGICAL FORENSIC
EVIDENCE ON EXHIBITS AND THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD
Jane Moira Taupin
Forensic Consultant, Melbourne, Australia
O 56-10
11:15-11:30
LIKELIHOOD RATIOS IN SUB-OPTIMAL DNA PROFILES
Jane Moira Taupin
11:30-11:45
COLD SEASON FORENSIC ENTOMOLOGY AND
BACTERIOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL MODEL ON
14:15-14:30
DISCRIMINANT FUNCTION ANALYSIS AS APPLIED
TO MANDIBULAR METRICS AND MORPHOLOGY TO
ASSESS POPULATION AFFINITY IN ASIA
Gregory E. Berg, Jennie R.R. Jin
JPAC-CIL, Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam, HI, United States
O 56-16
14:30-14:45
ALTERED AGE ESTIMATIONS IN POPULATIONS WITH
PRIMARY IGF-1D
Joan Fox, DDS
Phoenix, AZ, United States
O 56-17
Forensic Consultant, Melbourne, Australia
O 56-11
Forensic Research & Training Center, West Haven, CT, United
States
O 56-15
Forensic Research & Training Center, West Haven, CT, United
States
14:00-14:15
FINGERNAIL BIOMETRIC IDENTIFICATION
Henry C. Lee
14:45-15:00
APPLICATION OF STABLE ISOTOPE FORENSICS FOR
DETERMINING GEOGRAPHIC ORIGIN OF UNKNOWN
HUMAN REMAINS FROM ASIA
Gregory Berg1, Eric J. Bartelink2, Lee Suhwan3
051
WFF2014
JPAC-CIL, Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam, HI, United States;
California State University, Chico, Chico, CA, United States;
3
Ministry of National Defense Agency for KIA Recovery and
Identification, Seoul, South Korea
1
2
O 56-18
15:00-15:15
RELIABILITY AND CONFIDENCE OF FINGERPRINT
FEATURES SELECTION
Shiquan Liu1, Luo Yaping,1 Glenn M. Langenburg2
People’s Public Security University of China, Beijing, China;
Minnesota State Bureau of Criminal Apprehension, Saint Paul,
MN, United States
1
2
O 56-19
15:15-15:30
BITEMARK ANALYSIS IN HUNGARY AS A RESULT
OF ALIGNED EDUCATION, COOPERATIVE LEARNING,
AND INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION IN FORENSIC
DENTISTRY
Ajang Armin Farid
Semmelweis Medical University, Budapest, Hungary
O 56-20
15:30-15:45
THE IMPACT OF MODIFIED EXTRACTION METHODS
ON THE RECOVERY OF DNA FROM SKELETONIZED
REMAINS RETURNED FROM THE DPRK – IS THERE
REGIONAL VARIABILITY?
S.M. Edson1, S.R. Ah Sam2
Armed Forces DNA Identification Laboratory, 115 Purple Heart
Drive, DAFB, DE 19902 2Joint POW/MIA Accounting Command –
Central Identification Laboratory, 310 Worchester Ave., Joint Base
Pearl Harbor – Hickam, HI 96853, United States
1
O 56-21
A REALITY SHOW: YOU ARE GOING TO BE AN EXPERT
WITNESS
Haskell M. Pitluck
Crystal Lake, IL, United States
O 56-24
Thomas W. Young
Heartland Forensic Pathology, LLC, Kansas City, MO, United
States
R1 (3F)
14:00-17:00
AAFS SCIENTIFIC SESSION II ADVANCES IN FORENSIC BEHAVIORAL
SCIENCE
CHAIRPERSONS
Victor W. Weedn (USA)
O 57-1
14:00-14:15
GLOBAL PERSPECTIVES ON CONTEMPORANEOUS
TESTAMENTARY CAPACITY EVALUATIONS
Daniel A. Martell
Park Dietz & Associates, Newport Beach, CA, United States
O 57-2
14:15-14:30
FORENSIC LINGUISTICS
Carole E. Chaski
ALIAS Technology, LLC, Institute for Linguistic Evidence
Georgetown, DE, United States
16:00-16:15
THE EFFECT OF SOFT TISSUE ON EXPOSURE
TEMPERATURE PREDICTION FROM BURNT BONE
Sarah Ellingham, Tim Thompson, Meez Islam, Gillian Taylor
O 57-3
Teesside University, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom
New Haven, CT, United States
O 56-22
16:45-17:00
A LITTLE LESSON IN LOGIC
16:15-16:30
14:30-14:45
DIMINISHING THE DEATH PENALTY
John L. Young
O 57-4
14:45-15:00
ASSESSING DNA QUALITY, QUANTITY, AND
INHIBITION USING A HIGHLY SENSITIVE MULTIPLEX
QUANTIFICATION SYSTEM FOR FORENSIC SAMPLES
Jesse Ramirez, BS1, Gina Pineda, HS2, Anne Montgomery, MS2,
Robyn Thompson, MS2, Sudhir Sinh, Ph D2, Ryan Yee, BS1, Zach
Goecker, BS1, Stephen Lee, Ph D1
DETECTING MALINGERING WITH THE
AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL IMPLICIT ASSOCIATION TEST
San Jose State University, San Jose, CA, United States;
2
InnoGenomics Technologies, New Orleans, LA, United States
TECHNOLOGIC ADVANCES ON CHEMICAL
IDENTIFICATION STANDARDS
1
Laura Muscatello1, Annabella Alice Pozzoli2
1Reggio Emilia, Italy; 2Legnano, Italy
O 57-5
15:00-15:15
Victor W. Weedn
George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
EXPERT WITNESSES
Betty Layne DesPortes (USA)
O 56-23
052
O 57-6
16:30-16:45
15:15-15:30
TRENDS IN LICIT AND ILICIT DRUG-RELATED DEATHS
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
IN FLORIDA 2001 TO 2012
Dayong Lee, Chris Delcher, Mildred M. Maldonado-Molina,
Lindsay A. Bazydlo, Bruce A. Goldberger
University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United
States
ADVANCES IN DIGITAL AND MULTIMEDIA
EVIDENCE
CHAIRPERSONS
Marcel van der Steen
Chairman R&D Standing Committee
O 58-4
15:45-16:00
CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN FORENSIC
MULTIMEDIA EVIDENCE
Zeno J. Geradts
Kornelia Nehse
17:30-18:00
OPEN PANEL DISCUSSION – QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Netherlands Forensic Institute, Ministry of Justice, Den Haag, SH,
Netherlands
O 57-8
Sarasota County Sheriff’s Office, Sarasota, FL, United States
16:15-16:30
A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE INDIVIDUALIZES OF
MONOCHROMIC LASER PRINTERS
Ning Liu1, George Chiu2, Chuntao Chen1, Daozhong Lv1
Department of Forensic Science, Jiangsu Police Institute,
Nanjing, China; 2School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue
University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
1
O 58-1
14:00-18:00
14:00-14:45
THE ENFSI STRATEGY AND THE CREATION OF A
EUROPEAN FORENSIC SCIENCE AREA
Üllar Lanno
Chairman of the Board of ENFSI
O 58-2
203B (2F)
14:45-15:30
TOWARDS INTERNATIONAL QUALITY STANDARDS –
THE ENFSI VIEW
Ralph Kleuskens
Vice Chairman Quality and Competence Standing Committee of
ENFSI
O 58-3
16:00-16:45
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
– FUTURE
09:00-10:30
ORAL PRESENTATION 11 - FORENSIC
PATHOLOGY (PT)
CHAIRPERSONS
Mete Korkut Gülmen (Turkey), Bong Woo Lee (Korea)
O 11-1
09:00-09:15
A NEW METHOD OF ESTIMATING THE TIME SINCE
DEATH IN HUMAN BODIES FOUND DECOMPOSING
AND PUTREFYING
Jarvis Hayman, Marc Oxenham
School of Anthropology & Archaeology, Australian National
University, Canberra, Australia
O 11-2
ENFSI Session
Grand Ballroom 105 (1F)
IAFS Oral Presentation
16:00-16:15
THE APPLICATION OF SPECIALIZED PHOTOGRAPHY
Michael E. Gorn
O 57-9
16:45-17:30
ENFSI - WORKING GROUPS
– 1000 PROFESSIONALS
Chairman Working Group
Victor W. Weedn (USA)
O 57-7
TRENDS IN FORENSICS
09:15-09:30
HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY TO CORRELATE FATAL
DELIBERATE SELF-HARM AND PHASES OF THE
MENSTRUAL CYCLE
Haneil Dsouza1, Francis Monteiro2, Prashantha Bhagavath1,
Shaila Bhat3, G Pradeep Kumar1
Forensic Medicine, Kasturba Medical College-Manipal, Manipal
University, Manipal, India; 2Forensic Medicine, AJ Institute of
Medical Sciences, Mangalore, India; 3Pathology, Melaka Manipal
Medical College, Manipal, India
1
O 11-3
09:30-09:45
MYOCARDITIS-INDUCED DEATHS: A RETROSPECTIVE
STUDY OF 2474 CONSECUTIVE POST-MORTEM
EXAMINATIONS PERFORMED IN TWO MAIN ITALIAN
CITIES DURING THE DECADE 2003-2012
Alessandro Bonsignore1, Sara Sblano1, Eloisa Maselli1,
Francesco Ventura2, Francesco De Stefano2, Alessandro Dell'
Erba1, Massimo Colonna1
DIM - Section of Legal Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy;
1
053
WFF2014
Legal and Forensic Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
2
Avantika Sarkar1, Uwom Eze2
Advocate, High Court, Calcutta, India; 2Forensic Pathologist,
Department of Pathology, University College Hospital, Ibadan,
Nigeria
1
O 11-4
09:45-10:00
NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENTS AND MODERN
MEDICINE
Yung Chung
O 12-6
10:00-10:15
Medical Examiner, Lenawee County Medical Examiner's Office,
Adrian, United States
CLINICAL FORENSIC MEDICINE (CFM) IN FRANCE AND
IN EUROPE A COMPARATIVE STUDY
R. Hammani, Eric Baccino, P. Cathala, P. A Peyron
O 11-5
Service de Médecine Légale, CHU Lapeyronie, Montpellier, France
10:00-10:15
PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE MULTI-PARAMETERS
OPTIMIZATION FOR THE ESTIMATION MODEL OF
POSTMORTEM INTERVAL WITH ARTIFICIAL NEURAL
NETWORK
Hongyang Wen
Scientific Research Center, China National Police University,
Shenyang, China
208B (2F)
09:00-10:30
ORAL PRESENTATION 13 FORENSIC GENETICS & BIOLOGY (GB) : CASE
STUDY
CHAIRPERSONS
Niels Morling (Denmark), Renata Zbiec - Piekarska (Poland)
208A (2F)
09:00-10:30
ORAL PRESENTATION 12 - WPMO SESSION
CLINICAL FORENSIC MEDICINE (CFM) : TBC 1
CHAIRPERSONS
Jason Payne-James (UK), Pekka Saukko (Finland)
O 12-1
09:00-09:15
A CASE OF NEONATAL MORPHINE OVERDOSE?
Douglas Posey1, Ashraf Mozayani2
International forensic Science Consultants, LLC, Houston, United
States; 2Administration of Justice, Texas Southern University,
Houston, United States
1
O 13-1
09:00-09:15
EVALUATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF DNA RECOVERY
AND AMPLIFICATION FROM BULLET CARTRIDGE
CASES
Heather Mazzanti1, Meghan Troy2, Christian Westring, Ph.d. 2,
Phillip Danielson, Ph.d.3
Forensic Science, Arcadia University/Center for Forensic
Science Research & Education, Willow Grove, United States;
2
Criminalistics, NMS Labs, Willow Grove, United States; 3Biology,
University of Denver, Denver, United States
1
O 13-2
09:15-09:30
THE "Z" DRUGS: ZOLPIDEM, ZOPICLONE AND
ZALEPLON AND WHY ARE WE STILL USING THEM?
Anne-Louise Swain
QUANTIFILER TRIO : AN EVALUATION ON MOCK
CASEWORK DIFFERENTIAL ANALYSIS SAMPLES
Nor Aidora Saedon, Normazlina Zainuddin, Mohd Sufiyan
Azah, Nurul Hazirah Mat Lasimmahasan, Mohd Firdaus Che
Amran, Hazwani Hapiz, Baktiar Kassim
Clinical Forensic Medicine Unit, Queensland Department of Health
(Government), Australia, Australia
Forensic DNA Section, Forensic Division, Department of
Chemistry, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
O 12-3
O 13-3
O 12-2
09:15-09:30
09:30-09:45
DNA DECONTAMINATION FROM A CLINICAL FORENSIC
PERSPECTIVE
John Gall1, 2, 3
Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne,
Australia; 2Victorian Forensic Paediatric Medical Service, Royal
Children's Hospital and Monash Medical Centre, Melbourne,
Australia; 3Era Health, Southern Medical Services, Melbourne,
Australia
1
O 12-5
09:45-10:00
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MEDICO-LEGAL DEATH
INVESTIGATION SYSTEMS IN INDIA AND NIGERIA
054
09:30-09:45
DISPERSION OF DNA OF COMPROMISED SKULL IN
MALAYSIA
Nor Aidora Saedon, Nurul Hamizai Abdul Hamid, Mohd Firdaus
Che Amran, Zulhilmi Husni, Baktiar Kassim
Forensic DNA Section, Forensic Division, Department of
Chemistry, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
O 13-4
09:45-10:00
PMI DELIMITATION BY ANALYSIS OF MUSCLE PROTEIN
DEGRADATION
Stefan Pittner1, Alexander Pfisterer1, Peter Steinbacher1,
Alexandra Maria Saenger1, Fabio Carlo Monticelli2
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
Cell Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; 2Forensic
Medicine, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
1
O 13-5
10:00-10:15
CASE REPORT: THE HIGH POINT OF SECONDARY
IDENTIFICATION ON MUTILATION CASE BEHIND THE
PRIMARY IDENTIFICATION
Evi Untoro1, Fahmi Arief Hakim2, Hastanto Ahmad3, Theresia
Linda3, Fitriati Husada3, Anton Castilani3, Putut T Widodo3,
Djaja Surya Atmadja4
Forensic and Medicolegal, Sentra Medika Hospital, Cibinong,
Bogor, Indonesia; 2Forensic and Medicolegal, Cianjur General
Hospital, Cianjur, Indonesia; 3Indonesian National Dvi Committee,
Indonesian National Police, Center for Health and Medical
Services, Jakarta, Indonesia; 4Forensic and Medicolegal,
University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
1
Toxicology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey;
Forensic Medicine, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara,
Turkey; 3Biochemistry, Gulhane Military Medical Academy,
Ankara, Turkey; 4Pathology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy,
Ankara, Turkey; 5Physiology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy,
Ankara, Turkey; 6Health Services Command, Turkish Armed Forces,
Ankara, Turkey
1
2
O 14-4
09:45-10:00
ONE FATAL AND ONE NON FATAL FORENSIC CASES
INVOLVING NASAL INTAKE OF α PYRROLIDINO
VALEROPHENONE (PVP), A NEW SUBSTITUTED
CATHINONE
Philippe Cathala1, Celine Eiden2, Pierre Antoine Peyron1,
Marie Dominique Piercecchi-Marti3, Olivier Mathieu2, Helene
Peyriere2, Eric Baccino1
Departement De Medecine Legale, Chu Lapeyronie (university
Hospital), Montpellier, France; 2Departement De Pharmacologie
Medicale Et Toxicologie, Chu Lapeyronie (university Hospital),
Montpellier, France; 3Service De Medecine Legale, Chu La Timone
((university Hospital), Marseille, France
1
O 13-6
10:15-10:30
A CASE EXAMPLE WHERE 29 X-CHROMOSOMAL
STRS AND MITOCHONDRIAL DNA WERE USED AS
SUPPLEMENTARY MARKERS
Yuan Lin, Li Li, Zhenmin Zhao, Ruxin Zhu
Forensic Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine,
Institute of Forensic Sciences, Ministry of Justice, P.r. China,
Shanghai, China
204 (2F)
09:00-10:30
ORAL PRESENTATION 14 TOXICOLOGY / ILLICIT DRUGS (TI) :
TOXICOLOGY
Ashraf Mozayani (USA), Jongsook Rhee (Korea)
09:00-09:15
CHALLENGES IN FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY
Heesun Chung
Forensic Chemistry Division, National Forensic Service, Yangsan,
Korea (South)
09:00-10:30
ORAL PRESENTATION 15 TRACE EVIDENCE / FORENSIC CHEMISTRY (TEC)
: ISOTOPE & TRACE METAL ANALYSIS
CHAIRPERSONS
Jose Almirall (USA), Jisook Min (Korea)
Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam
National University, Daejeon, Korea (South)
O 14-2
10:00-10:15
LC/MSMS ANALYSIS OF THE BENZODIAZEPINES ON
DBS
Heesang Lee, Yujin Park, Jiyeong Jo, Sangwhan In, Eunmi Kim,
Sanggil Choe
209 (2F)
CHAIRPERSONS
O 14-1
O 14-5
09:15-09:30
CASE FINDINGS IN 18 ACETYLFENTANYL RELATED
DEATHS
Daniel Isenschmid, Sherri Kacinko, Barry Logan
O 15-1
09:00-09:15
MUTI-ELEMENT AND STABLE ISOTOPE ANALYSES
IN HAIR FOR FORENSIC PURPOSE: WHAT KIND OF
INFORMATION CAN WE GET IN HAIR ANALYSIS?
Jisook Min, Kiwook Kim, Sangcheol Heo, Yurim Jang
Toxicology, NMS Labs, Willow Grove, PA, United States
Division of Chemical Analysis, National Forensic Service, Wonju,
Korea (South)
O 14-3
O 15-2
09:30-09:45
THE RELATION BETWEEN OXIDATIVE STRESS,
INFLAMMATION, AND NEOPTERIN IN THE PARAQUATINDUCED LUNG TOXICITY
Mehmet Toygar2, Ibrahim Aydin3, Mehmet Agilli3, Fevzi Nuri
Aydin3, Muzaffer Oztosun6, Husamettin Gul1, Enis Macit1,
Yildirim Karslioglu4, Turgut Topal5, Bulent Uysal5
09:15-09:30
ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT PARTS BETWEEN GINSENG
FROM BODY AND ROOTS BY USING ELEMENTAL
ANALYZER-ISOTOPE RATIO MASS SPECTROMETRY
(EA-IRMS)
Young-Hoon Jo1, Snag-Cheol Heo1, Ki-Wook Kim1, Myung-Duck
Kim1, Geum-Mun Nam1, Jong-Sin Park2, Jae-Gyun Kim2, Ji055
WFF2014
Sook Min1
Rodrigo Tavora2, Francisco Assis Nascimento1
Division of Chemical Analysis, National Forensic Service, Wonju,
Korea (South); 2Department of Forensic Chemistry, National
Forensic Service (Gwangju Institute), Jangsung, Korea (South)
1
1
O 15-3
09:30-09:45
DISCRIMINATION OF CAR TYRE RUBBER SAMPLES
USING ICP-MS, ATR-IR AND PYROLYSIS GC-MS AND
THE SUBSEQUENT MATCHING TO SKID MARKS
Salah Eddine Breidi, James Barker, Steve Barton, Baljit
Ghatora
Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, London, United
Kingdom
O 15-4
09:45-10:00
A MURDER CASE SOLVED BY TRACE EVIDENCE
Hongling Guo, Huixia Shi, Yangke Quan
Trace Evidence, Institute of Forensic Science,china, Beijing, China
O 15-5
University of Brasilia, Electronic Engeneering, Brasilia, Brazil;
Federal Police, National Institute of Criminalistics, Brasilia, Brazil
2
O 16-5
09:45-10:00
UP-SAMPLING DETECTING ALGORITHM BASED ON
AUDIO SAMPLE CORRELATION (ASC)
Nam-In Park, Tae Hoon Kim, Joong Lee
Digital Technology & Biometry Division, National Forensic Service,
Won-Ju, Korea (South)
O 16-6
10:00-10:15
RESEARCH ON METHODS FOR AUDIO RECORDER
FORENSIC IDENTIFICATION
Jinhua Zeng, Shaopei Shi, Xu Yang, Yan Li, Qimeng Lu
Digital Evidence Laboratory, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry
of Justice, Shanghai, China
10:00-10:15
203B (2F)
11:00-12:30
A NOVEL METHOD OF GENERATING DATA FOR TEXTILE
FIBRES DATABASES
Claire Gwinnett, Andrew Jackson
ORAL PRESENTATION 17 FORENSIC PATHOLOGY (PT) : LABORATORY I
Forensic and Crime Science Department, Staffordshire University,
Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom
Fabio Monticelli (Austria), Seong Hwan Park (Korea)
CHAIRPERSONS
O 17-1
210 (2F)
09:00-10:30
ORAL PRESENTATION 16 CYBER FORENSIC / DIGITAL AND MULTIMEDIA
SCIENCE (CF/DMS) :
IMAGE, VIDEO AND AUDIO SCIENCE
YoungChul Park (Korea)
09:00-09:15
THE APPLICATION OF HDR TECHNOLOGY IN CRIME
SCENE PHOTOGRAPHY
Zhou Chunbing
Department of Forensic Science & Technology, National Police
University of China, Shenyang, China
O 16-3
09:15-09:30
STUDY OF FORENSIC IMAGE ENHANCEMENT
TECHNOLOGY
Mingjiu Wang, Fuyao Wang
Forensic Science Technology, China Criminal Police University,
Shenyang, China
O 16-4
09:30-09:45
DETECTING REPLICAS WITHIN AUDIO EVIDENCES
USING AN ADAPTIVE AUDIO-FINGERPRINTING
SCHEME
056
PROTEIN EXPRESSION PATTERN AND HISTOLOGIC
CHARACTERISTICS OF CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS
FROM MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA
Minjung Kim1, You Jin Won2, Bon Young Koo3, Kyung Ryoul
Kim1, Nak-Won Lee3, Jaehong Park1, Yu-Hoon Kim4, Han-Young
Lee1, Joong-Seok Seo5
Forensic Medical Center, National Forensic Service, Wonju,
Ganwon, Korea (South); 2Forensic Medicine Division, Daegu
Institute, National Forensic Service, Daegu, Korea (South);
3
Department of Forensic Medicine Investigation, Seoul Institute,
National Forensic Service, Seoul, Korea (South); 4Daejeon
Institute, National Forensic Service, Daejeon, Korea (South);
5
National Forensic Service, Wonju, Ganwon, Korea (South)
1
CHAIRPERSON
O 16-1
11:00-11:15
O 17-2
11:15-11:30
THE EXPRESSION OF ANDROGEN RECEPTOR IN
CORONARY ARTERY IN THE CASES OF SUDDEN
CORONARY DEATH
Xinshan Chen, Kaiyi Liu, Chunyu Shen
Department of Forensic Pathology, Tongji Medical College,
Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
O 17-3
11:30-11:45
ESTIMATION OF POSTMORTEM INTERVALS USING FTIR
SPECTROSCOPIC IMAGING METHOD
Ping Huang1, Shiying Li1, Kaifei Deng1, Yiwen Luo 1, Qiran Sun1,
Che Xu 1, Yijiu Chen1
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
Department of Forensic Pathology, Institute of Forensic Science,
Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, China; 2Physical Analysis Division,
Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, China
1
O 17-4
11:45-12:00
MUTATIONS OF DESMOGLEIN-2 IN SUDDEN DEATH
FROM ARRHYTHMOGENIC RIGHT VENTRICULAR
CARDIOMYOPATHY AND SUDDEN UNEXPLAINED
DEATH
Mingchang Zhang1, Fabio Tavora2, Allen Burke2
Department of Forensic Medicine, Fudan University, shanghai,
China; 2Medical Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, United
States
1
O 17-5
12:00-12:15
FORENSIC APPLICATION OF MICRORNA AS A TOOL FOR
DROWNING PATTERN IDENTIFICATION
Hyungseok Kim1, Joo-Young Na3, Jong-Tae Park1
Department of Forensic Medicine, Chonnam National Universtity
Medical School, Gwangju, Korea (South); 2., Research Institute
of Forensic Science, Gwangju, Korea (South); 3Forensic Medicine
Division, National Forensic Service, Jangseong, Korea (South)
1
O 17-6
12:15-12:30
INVESTIGATION OF DIATOMS IN CHINA WITH
SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
Jian Zhao1, Yuzhong Wang2, Chao Liu1, Sunlin Hu1, He Shi1
Forensic Pathology, Guangzhou Forensic Science Institute,
Guangzhou, China; 2Faculty of Forensic Science, Southern Medical
University, Guangzhou, China
1
IN BEIJING, CHINA, 2002-2011
Tiantong Yang1, Di Lu1, Lin Chang1, Xu Wang1, Shengli Di1,
Haidong Zhang1, Xiang Zhang2, David Fowler2, Ling Li2
Collaborative Innovation Center of Judicial Civilization, College of
Evidence Science, China University of Political Science and Law,
Beijing, China; 2Forensic Pathology, Office of the Chief Medical
Examiner, State of Maryland, Baltimore, United States
1
O 18-3
Forensic Medicine, 1. Council of Justice Ministry, Istanbul,
Turkey; 2Forensic Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul Medical
Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; 3Public Health, Istanbul University,
Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; 4Pulmonology, Istanbul
University, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
1
O 18-4
11:00-12:30
ORAL PRESENTATION 18 -WPMO SESSION
CLINICAL FORENSIC MEDICINE (CFM) : TBC 2
CHAIRPERSONS
Jason Payne-James (UK), Philip Beh (Hong Kong)
O 18-1
11:00-11:15
IS THERE AN INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE VICTIM'S
PROFILE?
Mercedes Dominguez1, Rebeca Dieguez1, Jose Ignacio MunozBarus1, 2, Natalia Perez3, Gumersindo Guinarte3, Fernando
Vazquez-Portomene3, Maria Sol Rodriguez-Calvo1, 2
Department of Pathology and Forensic Science, University
of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
2
Institute of Forensic Sciences, University of Santiago de
Compostela, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
3
Institute of Criminology, University of Santiago de Compostela,
Santiago de Compostela, Spain
1
O 18-2
11:15-11:30
EVALUATION OF MEDICAL MALPRACTICE LITIGATIONS
11:45-12:00
MEDICOLEGAL CONTRIBUTION IN PUBERTY
ASSESSMENT FOR A DECISIVE JUDGMENT IN ISLAMIC
LAW
Kholoud Sami Alsowayigh1, Mamdouh Zaki1, Alhanouf
Alsowayigh1
Senior Forensic Medicine Examiner, Forensic Medicine Center,
Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; 2Forensic Medical Examiner, Forensic
Medicine Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
1
O 18-5
208A (2F)
11:30-11:45
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE FORENSIC MEDICINE IN
DIAGNOSING OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES IN TURKEY
Yuksel Yazici1, Suheyla Aliustaoglu1, Haluk Ince2, Atiye Sozen2,
Seyma Yenil3, Cuneyt Cenger2, Ahmet Acar3, Yilmaz Yazici3,
Mustafa Erelel4, Ayse Demirel3
12:00-12:15
THE DELIVERY OF CLINICAL FORENSIC MEDICAL
SERVICE IN SAUDI ARABIA
Khalid Jaber, Manal Bamousa
Ministry of Health, Directorate of Forensic Medical Centres,
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
O 18-6
12:15-12:30
IDENTIFYING THE MINIMUM KNOWLEDGE LEVEL
OF PHYSICIANS IN TERMS OF INFORMED CONSENT
AT ISTANBUL FACULTY OF MEDICINE, ISTANBUL
UNIVERSITY
Cuneyt Cenger1, Giray Kolcu2, Atiye Sozen1, Yılmaz Yazici3,
Ayse Demirel3, Sebnem Korur1, Haluk Ince1
Forensic Medicine, Istanbul University Istanbul Medical Faculty,
Istanbul, Turkey; 2Community Health Center, Ministry of Health,
Department of Selçuklu, Konya, Turkey; 3Public Health, Istanbul
University Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
1
208B (2F)
11:00-12:30
ORAL PRESENTATION 19 057
WFF2014
FORENSIC GENETICS & BIOLOGY (GB) :
NEW TECHNOLOGY
Mitsuyo Machida, Kazuhiko Kibayashi
Legal Medicine, Tokyo Womens Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
CHAIRPERSONS
Julie French (USA)
O 19-1
11:00-11:15
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A MASS
SPECTROMETRY BASED APPROACH FOR THE
IDENTIFICATION OF BIOLOGICAL STAINS
Heather Mazzanti1, Kevin Legg2, Christian Westring3, Phillip
Danielson4
Forensic Science, Arcadia University/The Center for Forensic
Science Research & Education, Willow Grove, United States;
2
Forensic Science, The Center for Forensic Science Research &
Education, Willow Grove, United States; 3Criminalistics, NMS
Labs, Willow Grove, United States; 4Biology, University of Denver,
Denver, United States
1
O 19-2
O 19-6
12:15-12:30
A NEW METHOD FOR ABO GENOTYPING USING THE
PEPTIDE NUCLEIC ACID PROBE BASED FLUORESCENCE
MELTING CURVE ANALYSIS
Kyungmyung Lee1, Hyun-Chul Park1, Sanghyun An1, Eu-Ree An1,
Yang-Han Lee1, Si-Keun Lim1, Mi-Jung Kim2, Jae Sin Park3, Jin
Wook Jung3
Forensic DNA Division, National Forensic Service, Gangwon-Do,
Korea (South); 2Forensic DNA Division, Busan Institute, National
Forensic Service, Yangsan-Si, Gyeongnam, Korea (South);
3
Department of Technical Development, Seasun Biomaterials,
Daejeon, Korea (South)
1
11:15-11:30
204 (2F)
11:00-12:30
A NOVEL FORENSIC APPROACH TOWARDS
DETERMINING TIME OF DEATH UTILIZING SALIVA
GLYCOSYLATION
ORAL PRESENTATION 20
TOXICOLOGY / ILLICIT DRUGS (TI) : TOXICOLOGY
Hyun Joo An
CHAIRPERSONS
Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam
National University, Daejeon, Korea (South)
O 19-3
11:30-11:45
DETECTION OF MALE DONOR DNA IN SIMULATED
PHYSICAL CONTACT/ASSAULT MIXTURE SAMPLES
USING ENHANCED ONE-STEP MICRO-VOLUME DNA
PROFILING OF ISOLATED BIO-PARTICLES
Katherine Farash , Erin Hanson , Jack Ballantyne
1
2
3
Forensic Science Graduate Program, Biochemistry Track,
Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando,
United States; 2National Center for Forensic Science, University of
Central Florida, Orlando, United States; 3Department of Chemistry,
University of Central Florida, Orlando, United States
1
O 19-4
11:45-12:00
VALIDATION OF ELOVL2 METHYLATION MARKER FOR
ESTIMATION OF CHRONOLOGICAL AGE IN FORENSICS
Renata Zbiec-Piekarska1, Magdalena Spolnicka1, Tomasz
Kupiec2, Żanetta Makowska1, Anna Spas1, Agnieszka ParysProszek2, Krzysztof Kucharczyk3, Rafał Ploski1, Wojciech
Branicki2
Department of Biology, Central Forensic Laboratory of the Police,
Warsaw, Poland; 2Section of Forensic Genetics, Institute of
Forensic Research, Krakow, Poland; 3Biovectis, Biovectis, Warsaw,
Poland; 4Department of Medical Genetics, Warsaw Medical
University, Warsaw, Poland
1
O 19-5
12:00-12:15
AUTOSOMAL SNP GENOTYPING OF ARTIFICIALLY
DEGRADED DNA BY USING UV IRRADIATION
058
EunMi Kim (Korea), Marilyn Huestis (USA)
O 20-1
11:00-11:15
DRUGS AND DRIVING IN SALZBURG AND UPPER
AUSTRIA BETWEEN 2003-2012
Thomas Keller1, Andrea Keller1, Michael Boettcher2, Ulrich
Preiss3, Fabio Monticelli1
Toxicology Department, Institute of Forensic Medicine, Salzburg,
Austria; 2MVZ, Labor Dessau, Dessau-Rosslau, Germany;
3
Forensic Medicine, Institute of Forensic Medicine, Oldenburg,
Germany
1
O 20-2
11:15-11:30
COMPARISON OF ALL IONS TIME-OF-FLIGHT
(AITOF) AND QUADRUPOLE TIME-OF-FLIGHT
(QTOF) TECHNOLOGY FOR SCREENING OF NOVEL
PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES IN FORENSIC
TOXICOLOGY CASEWORK
Barry Logan1, Jared Castellani1, Alexander Maggitti1, Matthew
Mcmullin1
Toxicology, Nms Labs, Willow Grove, United States; 2Toxicology,
Center for Forensic Science Research and Education, Willow
Grove, United States
1
O 20-3
11:30-11:45
INITIAL STUDIES ON THE FUBINACA AND PINACA
SYNTHETIC CANNABINOIDS
Ashraf Mozayani1, Aybike Dip1, Michael Chen2, Jeffrey
Walterscheid2
Adminstration of Justice, Texas Southern University, Houston,
Texas, United States; 2, Harris County Institute of Forensic
1
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
Science, Houston, Texas, United States
RAMAN SPECTROMETRY
O 20-4
Shinichi Suzuki1, Hiroaki Yoshida2, Daisuke Watanabe2,
Masataka Sakayanagi3
11:45-12:00
FATAL POISONINGS IN CHILDHOOD AND
ADOLESCENCE: DATA FROM CUKUROVA, TURKEY
Ramazan Akcan1, Ali Eren3, Ebubekir Burak Celik2, Muhammed
Mustafa Arslan4, Necmi Cekin2
Forensic Medicine, Hacettepe University Medical Faculty,
Ankara, Turkey; 2Forensic Medicine, Cukurova University Medical
Faculty, Adana, Turkey; 3Forensic Medicine, Council of Forensic
Medicine, Adana, Turkey; 4Forensic Medicine, Mustafa Kemal
University Medical Faculty, Hatay, Turkey
1
O 20-5
12:00-12:15
PLASMA PROTEOMICS RESEARCH IN HYDROGEN
SULFIDE POISONING BASED ON MASS
SPECTROMETRY
Jiang Qing2, Ruyun Du3, Xiaopei Cui3, Siwei Tang3, Xianyi
Zhuo1, Yi Huang1
Department of Forensic Toxicology, Institute of Forensic Sciences,
Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, China; 2Technical Center for
Industrial Products and Raw Materials Inspection and Testing,
Shanghai Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Shanghai,
China; 3Department of Protein Science, Huabo Biopharm
(Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
1
Identification Center, National Research Institute of Police
Science, Kashiwa, Japan; 23rd Division of Forensic Science,
National Research Institute of Police Science, Kashiwa, Japan;
3
Forensic Science Laboratory, Kanagawa Police H.q., Yokohama,
Japan
1
O 21-3
Che Xu, Qiran Sun, Yiwen Luo
Criminalistics, Institute of Forensic Science,ministry of Justice, P.r.
China, Shanghai, China
O 21-4
12:15-12:30
A SENSITIVE ION CHROMATOGRAPHY METHOD FOR
THE DETERMINATION OF NITRITE IN WHOLE BLOOD IN
FORENSIC CONTEXT
Hui Yan, Xiangyi Zhuo, Baohua Shen, Ping Xiang, Min Shen
Department of Forensic Toxicology, Institute of Forensic Science,
Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic
Medicine, Shanghai, China
209 (2F)
11:00-12:30
ORAL PRESENTATION 21 TRACE EVIDENCE / FORENSIC CHEMISTRY (TEC)
: FORENSIC POLYMER ANALYSIS
11:45-12:00
SURVEYS OF VEHICLE COLOUR FREQUENCY AND
THE TRANSFER OF VEHICLE PAINTS TO STATIONARY
OBJECTS IN SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA
Fiona Jackson, Joanna Bunford, Claude Roux, Philip Maynard
Chemistry and Forensic Science, University of Technology Sydney,
Sydney, Australia
O 21-5
O 20-6
11:30-11:45
THE APPLICATION OF THE PYROGARM DATABASE IN
FORENSIC AUTOMOBILE PAINT ANALYSIS
12:00-12:15
CHEMICAL TYRE RUBBERS ANALYSIS WITH
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES FOR THE DISCRIMINATION
OF CAR'S TYRE SAMPLES AND THE SUBSEQUENT
MATCHING TO THEIR SKID MARKS
Salah Eddine Breidi, James Barker, Steve Barton, Baljit
Ghatora
School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, London,
United Kingdom
O 21-6
12:15-12:30
SNAP-LOCK BAGS WITH RED BAND: A STUDY OF THE
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND MANUFACTURING
MARKS
CHAIRPERSONS
Yvonne Hui Ying Sim, Shing Min Lim, Sok Yee Yew, Alaric Chin
Wai Koh, Thiam Bon Lim
O 21-1
Forensic Chemistry and Physics Laboratory, Health Sciences
Authority, Singapore
Christopher Palenik, THiam Bon Lim (Singapore)
11:00-11:15
CAN FIBRES ANALYSIS FOR VOLUME CRIME SCENES
BE COST EFFECTIVE?
Claire Gwinnett, Andrew Jackson
Forensic and Crime Science Department, Staffordshire University,
Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom
O 21-2
11:15-11:30
DIRECT ANALYSIS OF SINGLE FIBERS RETRIEVED BY
PRESSURE ADHESIVE TAPE USING MICRO CONFOCAL
210 (2F)
11:00-12:30
ORAL PRESENTATION 22 CYBER FORENSIC / DIGITAL AND MULTIMEDIA
SCIENCE (CF/DMS) : BIOMETRY AND HUMAN
IDENTIFICATION
CHAIRPERSONS
Duarte Nuno VIEIRA (Portugal)
059
WFF2014
O 22-1
11:00-11:15
EXEMPLAR-BASED SUPER-RESOLUTION OF 3D HUMAN
FACE MODEL
Young Min Shin1, Kyoung Mu Lee2
Research Institute, Samsung SDS, Seoul, Korea (South);
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul
National University, Seoul, Korea (South)
1
MEDICO-LEGAL PURPOSES OF SRI LANKA
Ananda Samarasekera1, Anuruddi Edirisinghe1
Department of Forensic Medicine, South Asian Institute of
Technology & Medicine, Malabe, Sri Lanka; 2Forensic Medicine,
Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka
1
2
O 22-2
11:15-11:30
COMPARISON OF THE METHODS OF BODY HEIGHT
MEASUREMENT IN VIDEO IMAGES
Xuejing Dai
Forensic Science Technology, China Criminal Police University,
Shenyang, China
O 22-3
11:30-11:45
FORENSIC 3D FACIAL IDENTIFICATION SOFTWARE
(FIDENTIS)
Igor Chalas1, Petra Urbanova2, Zuzana Kotulanova2, Marie
Jandova2, Miroslav Kralik1, Barbora Kozlikova1, Jiri Sochor1
Department of Computer Graphics and Design, Faculty
of Informatics Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic;
2
Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Science Masaryk
University, Brno, Czech Republic
1
O 22-4
11:45-12:00
INDOOR CRIME SCENE RECONSTRUCTION USING A
SMART PHONE
Jong-Gil Ahn, Youngsun Kim, Youngwon Kim, Gerard
Jounghyun Kim
O 23-2
14:15-14:30
IMPLEMENTATION OF ISTANBUL PROTOCOL IN SRI
LANKA - REAPPRAISAL OF A DECADE'S PROGRESS
Clifford Perera
Dept. of Forensic Medicine, University of Ruhuna Sri Lanka, Galle,
Sri Lanka
O 23-3
14:30-14:45
TELL ME YOUR STORY OF ABUSE
Selim Ozkok, Fusun Callak Kallem, Bedir Korkmaz, Ozlem Erel,
Tulay Elbek
forensic medicine, adnan menderes university, aydın, Turkey
O 23-4
14:45-15:00
LEGAL IMPACT OF MEDICOLEGAL ASSESSMENT OF
VIRGINITY IN CIVILIAN AND CRIMINAL CASES IN
ISLAMIC COMMUNITY
Mamdouh Zaki1, Kholoud Alsowayigh1
Senior Forensic Medicine Examiner, Forensic Medicine Center,
Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; 2Senior Forensic Medicine Examiner,
Forensic Medicine Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
1
O 23-5
15:00-15:15
Korea University, College of Information and Communications,
Seoul, Korea (South)
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH TRAFFIC FATALITY
ACCIDENT IN ELDERLY MEDELLÍN, 2005 TO 2010
Luz Eliana Giraldo Vasquez
O 22-5
Antioquia, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal, Medellin,
Colombia
12:00-12:15
SALIENCY COMPUTATION OF ACTIONS FOR FORENSIC
HUMAN IDENTIFICATION IN VIDEOS
Jinhua Zeng
Digital Evidence Laboratory, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry
of Justice, Shanghai, China
O 23-6
15:15-15:30
FALSE HISTORY GIVEN BY VICTIMS/PATIENTS DURING
MEDICO-LEGAL EXAMINATIONS
Kumara Senanayake
Medicolegal Department, Teaching Hospital, Anuradapuraya, Sri
Lanka
208A (2F)
14:00-15:30
ORAL PRESENTATION 23 - WPMO SESSION
CLINICAL FORENSIC MEDICINE (CFM) : TBC 3
CHAIRPERSONS
Jason Payne-James (UK), John Gall (Australia)
O 23-1
14:00-14:15
THE NEED, PROCESS, DIFFICULTIES ENCOUNTERED
AND EXPECTED OUTCOMES OF THE NATIONAL
GUIDELINES ON EXAMINATION, REPORTING AND
MANAGEMENT OF SEXUALLY ABUSED SURVIVORS FOR
060
208B (2F)
14:00-15:30
ORAL PRESENTATION 24 FORENSIC GENETICS & BIOLOGY (GB)
: NEW DNA KIT / MRNA
CHAIRPERSONS
John M Butler (USA), Byung-Won Chun (Korea)
O 24-1
14:00-14:15
NOVEL FORENSIC DETECTION KITS FOR INDIVIDUAL
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
203B (2F)
IDENTIFICATION
Weiguo Zheng , Huaigu Zhou
1
2
R&D, AGCU ScienTech Inc., Wuxi, China; 2Forensic DNA Analysis,
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence, Shanghai
Municipal Public Security Bureau, Shanghai, China
1
O 24-2
14:15-14:30
14:00-15:30
ORAL PRESENTATION 25 FORENSIC PATHOLOGY (PT) : LABORATORY II
CHAIRPERSONS
Carl J. Schmidt (USA), Youn Shin Kim (Korea)
O 25-1
14:00-14:15
Arzu Duvenci, Havva Altuncul, Ozlem Bulbul, Ilksen Tavaci,
Yasemin Demirbas, Gonul Filoglu
DIAGNOSTIC PERFORMANCE OF URINARY
METANEPHRINES FOR THE POSTMORTEM DIAGNOSIS
OF HYPOTHERMIA
Cristian Palmiere, Luca Reggiani Bonetti
Forensic Genetic, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Istanbul
University, Istanbul, Turkey
Lausanne University Hospital, Medico-Legal Center, Lausanne,
Switzerland
O 24-3
O 25-2
A NEW MULTIPLEX MTSNPS SET FOR TURKISH
POPULATION
14:30-14:45
14:15-14:30
CONSTRUCTION OF A LIBRARY OF CLONED SHORT
TANDEM REPEAT (STR) ALLELES AS UNIVERSAL
TEMPLATES FOR ALLELIC LADDER PREPARATION
DETECTION OF DIATOMS BY A COMBINATION OF
MEMBRANE FILTERING AND HYALINIZING
Jian Zhao1, Yuzhong Wang2, Chao Liu1, Sunlin Hu1, He Shi1
Le Wang, Xing-Chun Zhao, Jian Ye, Jin-Jie Liu, Xue Bai
1
Center for Applied Forensic Science and Technology, Institute of
Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, China
Department of Forensic Pathology, Guangzhou Forensic Science
Institute, Guangzhou, China; 2Faculty of Forensic Science,
Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
O 24-4
O 25-3
14:45-15:00
FORENSIC VALIDATION OF A NEWLY DEVELOPED
26PLEX Y-STRS TYPING SYSTEM
Suhua Zhang, Shumin Zhao, Zheng Wang, Chengtao Li
Department of Forensic Genetics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of
Forensic Medicine, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Ministry of
Justice, China, Shanghai, China
O 24-5
15:00-15:15
IMPROVING SAMPLE ANALYSIS OF THE EXPANDED
CODIS LOCI SET USING QIAGENS MULTIPLEX PCR
WITH A NOVEL QUALITY SENSOR
Daniel Mueller, Melanie Breitbach, Stefan Cornelius, Sarah
Pakulla-Dickel, Margaretha Koenig, Mario Scherer, Ralf Peist
R&D, Qiagen Gmbh, Hilden, Germany
O 24-6
15:15-15:30
FACILE SEMI-AUTOMATED BODY FLUID
IDENTIFICATION BY MULTIPLEX SOLUTION
HYBRIDIZATION OF NANOSTRING® BARCODE PROBES
TO SPECIFIC MRNA TARGETS
Patrick Danaher1, Robin White1, Erin Hanson2, Jack Ballantyne3
Department of POPS, Nanostring Technologies, Seattle, United
States; 2National Center for Forensic Science, University of
Central Florida, Orlando, United States; 3Department of Chemistry,
University of Central Florida, Orlando, United States
1
14:30-14:45
A STUDY ON USEFULNESS OF SERUM MAST CELL
TRYPTASE ANALYSIS AND DEVELOPMENT OF NEW
DIAGNOSTIC METHOD IN POSTMORTEM DIAGNOSIS
OF ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK
Jong-Pil Park1, Bon Young Koo2, Nak-Won Lee1, Harin Cheong3,
Yu Jin Won4, Kyung Ryoul Kim3, Joo Young Na5, Minsung Choi6,
Hongil Ha7, Seong Ho Kim6
Medical Examiner's Office, National Forensic Service, Seoul,
Korea (South); 2Department of Forensic Medicine Investigation,
Seoul Institute, National Forensic Service, Seoul, Korea (South);
3
Medical Examiner's Office, National Forensic Service, Wonju,
Korea (South); 4Division of Forensic Medicine, Daegu Institute,
National Forensic Service, Daegu, Korea (South); 5Division of
Forensic Medicine, Gwangju Institute, National Forensic Service,
Gwangju, Korea (South); 6Division of Forensic Medicine, Daejeon
Institute, National Forensic Service, Daejeon, Korea (South);
7
Division of Forensic Medicine, Busan Institute, National Forensic
Service, Busan, Korea (South)
1
O 25-4
14:45-15:00
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS IN THE CORPUS CALLOSUM
FOLLOWING TRAUMATIC AXONAL INJURY
USING FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED
MICROSPECTROSCOPY
Ji Zhang, Hongmei Dong, Liang Liu, Jiao Mu
Department of Forensic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science
and Technology, Wuhan, China
O 25-5
15:00-15:15
A CASE REPORT: APPLICATION OF MICRO BEAM-X-RAY
061
WFF2014
FLUORESCENCE SPECTROMETRY IN THE DIAGNOSIS
OF ELECTROCUTION
Jianhua Zhang, Tao Wang
Forensic Pathology, Institute of Forensi Science Ministry of Justice
P. R. China, Shanghai, China
O 25-6
15:15-15:30
POST-MORTEM INTERVAL ESTIMATION USING SINGLE
CELL GEL ELECTROPHORESIS OR COMET ASSAYREVISITED
Panjai Woharndee1, Ian Mudway1, Barbara Daniel1
Forensic Pathology, Central Institute of Forensic Science,
Bangkok, Thailand; 2Analytical & Environmental Sciences Division,
King; 3Department of Forensic Science, King
1
204 (2F)
14:00-15:30
ORAL PRESENTATION 26 FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY (AP)
Kewal Krishan (India), U-Young Lee (Korea)
14:00-14:15
CONSTRUCTION OF 3 DIMENSIONAL HEAD MODELS
FOR FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY
U-Young Lee1, Dae-Kyoon Park2, Yi-Suk Kim3, Sang-Seob
Lee4, Dai-Soon Kwak1, Dong-Ho Kim1, In-Beom Kim1, Nak-Eun
Chung4, Seung-Ho Han5
Catholic Institute for Applied Anatomy / Department of Anatomy,
College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul,
Korea (South); 2Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine,
Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea (South); 3Department
of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul,
Korea (South); 4Division of Forensic Medicine, National Forensic
Service, Seoul, Korea (South); 5Department of Anatomy, School of
Medicine, Chungang University, Seoul, Korea (South)
1
O 26-2
O 26-4
14:45-15:00
EEFFECTIVENESS OF BONE CLEANING PROCESS USING
CHEMICAL AND ENTOMOLOGY APPROACHES: TIME
AND COST
Khoo Lay See, Lai Poh Soon, Mohd Hilmi Saidin, Dr Ahmad
Hafizam Hasmi, Dr Nurliza Abdullah
Forensic Medicine Department, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Kuala
Lumpur, Malaysia
O 26-5
15:00-15:15
PRELIMINARY STUDY OF SKELETONS EXHUMED IN
RIBEIRAO PRETO; SAO PAULO/BRASIL: PARAMETERS
FOR THE MULTIRACIAL BRAZILIAN POPULATION
Raffaela Arrabaca Francisco, Teresa Cristina Pantozzi Silveira,
Jose Marcelo Secchieri, Moacyr Lobo Costa Jr., Marco Aurelio
Guimaraes
Pathology and Legal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School,
University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
CHAIRPERSONS
O 26-1
Anatomy, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Seoul,
Korea (South); 4Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine,
Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea (South)
14:15-14:30
O 26-6
15:15-15:30
STATURE ESTIMATION FROM THE FEMUR AND TIBIA IN
BLACK SOUTH AFRICAN SUB-ADULT FEMALES
Desire Brits1, Mubarak Bidmos2, Paul Manger1
School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences,
University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa;
2
Division of Anatomy, Department of Surgery, University of
Toronto, Toronto, Canada
1
209 (2F)
14:00-15:30
ORAL PRESENTATION 27 TRACE EVIDENCE / FORENSIC CHEMISTRY (TEC)
: FORENSIC CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
CHAIRPERSONS
EMERGENCE OF FORENSIC PODIATRY- A NOVEL SUBDISCIPLINE OF FORENSIC SCIENCES
Paul Philp (USA), Seh Youn Park (Korea)
Kewal Krishan
PROPOSAL OF NEW IDENTIFICATION SCHEMES FOR
IGNITABLE LIQUIDS MODIFIED BY SULFURIC ACID IN
NON-BURNED SAMPLES AND FIRE DEBRIS
Carlos Martin-Alberca1, Olivier Delemont2, Carmen GarciaRuiz1
Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
O 26-3
14:30-14:45
ANTHROPOLOGICAL BODY MASS ESTIMATION USING
3D IMAGES OF HUMAN CALCANEUS
Go-Un Jung , U-Young Lee , Dong-Ho Kim , Dai-Soon Kwak ,
Dae-Kyoon Park3, Seung-Ho Han4, Yi-Suk Kim1
1
2
2
2
Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans
University, Seoul, Korea (South); 2Department of Anatomy
Catholic Institute for Applied Anatomy, College of Medicine, the
Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (South); 3Department of
1
062
O 27-1
14:00-14:15
University Institute of Research in Police Sciences (iuicp),
University of Alcala, Alcala De Henares, Spain; 2Institut De
Police Scientifique,ecole Des Sciences Criminelles, Universite De
Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
1
O 27-2
14:15-14:30
CLASSIFICATION OF LUBRICATING OILS BY 1H NMR
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
210 (2F)
SPECTROSCOPY AND CHEMOMETRICS
Siwon Kim , Dahye Yoon , Heonho Lee , Dong-Kye Lee , Yuna
Kim2, Nam Yee Kim2, Suhkmann Kim3
3
3
3
1
Busan Institute, National Forensic Service, Yangsan-si, Korea
(South); 2Seoul Institute, National Forensic Service, Seoul, Korea
(South); 3Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for
Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
(South)
1
O 27-3
14:30-14:45
IDENTIFICATION FOR SEAL INKS BY INVIA RAMAN
MICROSCOPE
Yachen Wang, Xu Yang, Yiwen Luo, Qiran Sun, Qinghua Zhang,
Che Xu
14:00-15:30
ORAL PRESENTATION 28 CYBER FORENSIC / DIGITAL AND MULTIMEDIA
SCIENCE (CF/DMS) : DIGITAL FORENSICS AND
IMAGE ENGINEERING
CHAIRPERSONS
Dong-Hwan Har (Korea)
O 28-1
14:00-14:15
A STUDY ON DATA FORENSIC FOR NOSQL
Wonkyu Lee, Sujin Yoon, Yongtae Shin
Study for a Master, Soongsil University, Seoul, Korea (South)
O 28-2
14:15-14:30
Department of Criminalistics, Institute of Forensic Science,
Ministry of Justice, Prc, Shanghai, China
RECOVERY OF CORRUPTED DIGITAL TACHOGRAPH
DATA
Kyusun Shim, Junseok Byun, Gihyun Na, Joong Lee
O 27-4
Digital Technology & Biometry Division, National Forensic Service,
Won-Ju, Gangwon-Do, Korea (South)
14:45-15:00
ESTIMATION OF POST-MORTEM INTERVAL: A
NOVEL APPROACH UTILIZING SERUM & MUSCLE
METABOLOMIC PROFILING
Richard H Kaszynski1, 4, Shin Nishiumi2, Takeshi Kondo1,
Motonori Takahashi1, Azumi Kuse1, Migiwa Asano3, Masaru
Yoshida2, Takeshi Azuma2, Yasuhiro Ueno1
Department of Legal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School
of Medicine, Japan; 2Department of Gastroenterology, Kobe
University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; 3Department of
Legal Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine,
Japan; 4Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain
Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General
Hospital, United States
1
O 27-5
15:00-15:15
METABOLOMICS APPROACH TO IDENTIFYING CARBON
MONOXIDE POISONING DEATH
Hyun Kyoung Ju1, Gum Moon Nam1, Kiwook Kim1, Sang-Cheol
Heo1, Myung Duck Kim1, O-Seong Kwon2, Joon-Bae Lee2,
Shung Kun Shon2, Ji-Sook Min1
Department Of Chemical Analysis, National Forensic Service,
Wonju, Korea (South); 2Department Of Chemical Analysis,
Nantional Forensic Service, Daegu, Korea (South)
1
O 27-6
15:15-15:30
POSTMORTEM PRODUCTION OF ETHYLENE GLYCOL
AND PROPYLENE GLYCOL IN HUMAN SPECIMENS
Amin Wurita, Osamu Suzuki, Koutaro Hasegawa, Kunio
Gonmori, Kayoko Minakata, Itaru Yamagishi, Hideki Nozawa,
Kanako Watanabe
Department of Legal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of
Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
O 28-3
14:30-14:45
DETECTION OF DIGITAL IMAGE FORGERIES
BY INTERPIXEL CORRELATION COEFFICIENTS
COMPARISON
Hansoo Kim, Jungsoo Lee, Kiwoong Moon, Joong Lee
Digital Technology and Biometry Division, National Forensic
Service, Wonju, Korea (South)
O 28-4
14:45-15:00
RESEARCH OF ORIGIN IDENTIFICATION AND TAMPER
DETECTION OF DIGITAL IMAGE
Xuejing Dai
Forensic Science Technology, China Criminal Police University,
Shenyang, China
O 28-5
15:00-15:15
SPLICING FORGERY IMAGE DETECTION BASED ON
DEPTH OF FIELD CONSISTENCY OF IMAGING PROCESS
Peng Sun
Criminal Science and Technique, China Criminal Policing
University, Shenyang, China
O 28-6
15:15-15:30
SPLICING FORGERY IMAGE DETECTION BASED ON
ILLUMINANCE INTENSITY CONSISTENCY OF IMAGING
PROCESS
Peng Sun
Criminal Science and Technique, China Criminal Policing
University, Shenyang, China
063
WFF2014
208A (2F)
16:00-18:00
ORAL PRESENTATION 29 - WPMO SESSION
CLINICAL FORENSIC MEDICINE (CFM) : TBC 4
CHAIRPERSONS
Jason Payne-James (UK), Clifford Perera (Sri Lanka)
John Gall1, 2, 3
Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne,
Australia; 2Vic Forensic Paediatric Medical Service, Royal
Children's Hospital and Monash Medical Centre, Melbourne,
Australia; 3Era Health, Southern Medical Services, Melbourne,
Australia
1
17:00-17:30
O 29-1
FOCUSSING ON THE FUTURE: SURVEY RESULTS ON
THE IMAGE CAPTURE OF PATTERNED CUTANEOUS
INJURIES
CONCLUDING REMARKS
Jason Payne-James
President of WPMO, UK
Sam Evans , Jason Payne-James
1
2
Dental Illustration Unit & School of Medicine, Cardiff University,
Cardiff, United Kingdom, 2Forensic Healthcare Services, United
Kingdom
1
O 29-2
16:00-16:15
COMPARISON OF INJURIES DUE TO LETHAL WEAPONS
DURING PRE AND POST-WAR PERIODS IN SRI LANKA;
A MEDICO-LEGAL ANALYSIS
Muditha Vidanapathirana , Sriyantha Amararatne , Sameera
Gunawardane3, Ajith Rathnaweera4
1
2
Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences,
University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Colombo, Sri Lanka;
2
Department of Forensic Pathology, Institute of Legal Medicine
and Toxicology, Colombo, Sri Lanka; 3Department of Forensic
medicine and toxicology, faculty of medicine, University of
Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka; 4Department of Forensic Medicine,
Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna, Karapitiya, Sri Lanka
1
O 29-3
16:15-16:30
APPLICATION OF A MULTIFACTORIAL FORENSIC AGE
ESTIMATION METHOD IN A GROUP OF EAST AFRICAN
DETAINEES
Sameera Gunawardena1, Udari Liyanage2, Jayanie Weeratne3,
Asela Mendis1
Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty
of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka;
2
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of
Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka; 3Forensic Odontologist, Institute of
Legal Medicine and Toxicology, Colombo, Sri Lanka
1
O 29-5
16:30-16:45
PENILE QUANTITATIVE SENSORY TESTING
TECHNOLOGY AND IT'S APPLICATION IN FORENSIC
SCIENCE
Feixiang Wang, Guangyou Zhu
Department of Clinical Forensic Medicine, Institute of Forensic
Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, China
O 29-6
16:45-17:00
WITHER CLINICAL FORENSIC MEDICINE - A DOWNHILL
SPIRAL?
064
208B (2F)
16:00-18:00
ORAL PRESENTATION 30 FORENSIC GENETICS & BIOLOGY (GB) : DB
CHAIRPERSONS
Timothy Zolandz (USA), Si-Keun Lim (Korea)
O 30-1
16:00-16:15
THE USE OF DNA DATABASE OF BIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE
FROM SEXUAL ASSAULTS AND RAPES IN CRIMINAL
INVESTIGATIONS: A SUCCESSFUL EXPERIENCE IN
BRAZIL
Samuel T G Ferreira1, 2, Karla A Paula1, Flávia A Maia1, Arthur
E Svidzinski1, Marinã R Amaral1, Silmara A. Diniz1, Maria E.
Siqueira1, Adriana V. Moraes1
Instituto de Pesquisa de DNA Forense, Polícia Civil do Distrito
Federal, Brasília, Brazil; 2, Secretaria Nacional de Segurança
Pública do Ministério da Justiça - Senasp/MJ, Brasília, Brazil
1
O 30-3
16:15-16:30
THE IMPACT OF NEW DNA TECHNOLOGIES ON THE
FUTURE OF CRIMINAL OFFENDER DNA DATABASES
Tim Schellberg
Gordon Thomas Honeywell, Governmental Affairs, Seattle,
Washington, United States
O 30-4
16:30-16:45
THE STATUS AND MANAGEMENT FLOW OF KOREAN
CONVICTED OFFENDER DNA DATABASE
Su-Jeong Park, Jong-Sik Kim, Hye-Yeon Kim, Seung-Hwan Lee
DNA Forensic Division, Supreme Prosecutors' Office, Seoul, Korea
(South)
O 30-5
16:45-17:00
FORENSIC DNA DATABASES: TOWARDS BEST
PRACTICE ETHICAL, LEGAL AND SCIENTIFIC
STANDARDS
Helen Wallace1, Anthony Jackson1, Jeremy Gruber2, Andrew
Thibedeau2
Genewatch Uk, Buxton, Derbyshire, United Kingdom; 2Council for
Responsible Genetics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
1
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
O 30-6
17:00-17:15
THE PRESENT AND FUTURE OF THE KOREA FORENSIC
DNA DATABASE
Hyunchul Park, Kyungmyung Lee, Sanghyun An, Hyehyeon Lee,
Hansol Kwon, Si-Keun Lim
Forensic DNA Division, National Forensic Service, Wonju, Korea
(South)
O 30-7
17:15-17:30
O 31-3
Forensic Pathology Department, Institute of Forensic Science,
Ministry of Justice, Prc, Shanghai, China
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CARTILAGE AND
PHALANGE FROM HALLUX AS IMPORTANT KINDS
OF SAMPLES FOR DNA TYPING IN DISASTER VICTIM
IDENTIFICATION (DVI)
O 31-4
Samuel T G Ferreira1, 4, Rodrigo G. Garrido2, Karla A. Paula1,
Ricardo C Nogueira3, Elvis A. Oliveira3, Adriana V. Moraes1
1
Instituto de Pesquisa de DNA Forense, Polícia Civil do Distrito
Federal, Brasília, Brazil; 2Instituto de Pesquisa e Perícias em
Genética Forense, Polícia Civil do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio
de Janeiro, Brazil; 3Instituto de Medicina Legal, Polícia Civil
do Distrito Federal, Brasília, Brazil; 4Secretaria Nacional de
Segurança Pública do Ministério da Justiça - Senasp/MJ, Brasília,
Brazil
1
203B (2F)
16:00-18:00
ORAL PRESENTATION 31
FORENSIC PATHOLOGY (PT) : ENGINEERING IN
FP, POLICY
CHAIRPERSONS
Kurt Nolte (USA), SungHo Kim (Korea)
O 31-1
16:00-16:15
BIOMECHANICAL ANALYSIS OF BIPHASIC
DISTRIBUTION OF SKULL INJURY IN FALLS FROM
HEIGHT
Sungji Park1, Jang Gyu Cha2, Youngseok Lee1, Insoo Seo1,
Bongwoo Lee1, Kyungmoo Yang1, Youngshik Choi1
National Forensic Service, Wonju, Korea (South); 2Department of
radiology, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon,
Korea (South)
1
O 31-2
16:30-16:45
CRANIOCEREBRAL INJURY MECHANISM
EXPLORATION BY DIGITAL RECONSTRUCTION
TECHNOLOGIES: HEAD TRAUMA CAUSED BY STRIKE
OR FALL?
Li Zhengdong
16:45-17:00
CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION IN SRI LANKA;
FORECAST FOR THE NEXT CENTURY
Paranirubasingam Paranitharan1, Sanjaya Hulathduwa2
Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine,
University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka; 2Department of
Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri
Jayawardenepure, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
O 31-5
17:00-17:15
THE CONTRIBUTION OF PATHOLOGY EVIDENCE IN THE
PROSECUTION OF WAR CRIMES
John Clark
Centre for Forensic Science, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow,
United Kingdom
O 31-6
17:15-17:30
EFFECTIVENESS OF ELEARNING TOOLS IN THE
DELIVERY OF FORENSIC PATHOLOGY CURRICULUM
FOR UNDERGRADUATE MEDICAL STUDENTS: AN
OBSERVATIONAL STUDY
Vasudeva Murthy Challakere Ramaswamy
Department of Pathology, International Medical University, Kuala
Lumpur, Malaysia
O 31-7
17:30-17:45
CAUSAL LINKS BETWEEN MEDICAL ERRORS IN
OBSTETRICS AND STILLBIRTH: A CASE REPORT BOLAM
PRINCIPLE FROM INTERNATIONAL POW
Vladislav Iakovlev, Vyacheslav Gavrichkov, Natalia Volkova
Department of Complex Expertises, Republic Bureau of Forensic
Medical Expertise, Cheboksary, Russian Federation
16:15-16:30
BLUNT LIVER INJURY WITH INTACT RIBS UNDER
IMPACTS ON THE ABDOMEN: A BIOMECHANICAL
INVESTIGATION
O 31-8
Yu Shao1, Donghua Zou1, Zhengdong Li1, Lei Wan1, Zhiqiang
Qin1, Ningguo Liu1, Jianhua Zhang1, Liangwei Zhong2, Ping
Huang1, Yijiu Chen1
Department Of Forensic Pathology, Instituto Nacional De
Medicina Legal Y Ciencias Forenses, Bogota, Colombia
17:45-18:00
PATERNAL FILICIDE - SUICIDE: A CASE REPORT
Andres Rodriguez Zorro, Jairo Vivas
Department of Forensic Pathology, Institution of Forensic
Science, Ministry of Justice, China, Shanghai, China; 2College of
Mechanical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and
Technology, Shanghai, China
1
065
WFF2014
204 (2F)
16:00-18:00
17:00-17:15
LAF/CEMEL PROTOCOL HELPING THE IDENTIFICATION
OF MISSED PEOPLE IN RIBEIRAO PRETO - SAO PAULO/
BRASIL
ORAL PRESENTATION 32 FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY (AP)
CHAIRPERSONS
Yoshihiro Takaesu (Japan)
O 32-1
O 32-5
16:00-16:15
Marco Aurelio Guimaraes1, Raffaela Arrabaca Francisco1,
Teresa Cristina Pantozzi Silveira1, Jose Marcelo Secchieri1,
Moacyr Lobo Costa Junior1, Martin Paul Evison2
ESTABLISHING A METHOD FOR PREDICTING THE
NASAL TIP POSITION IN UNKNOWN HUMAN SKELETAL
REMAINS FOR FACIAL RECONSTRUCTION AND
SKULL–PHOTO SUPERIMPOSITION: A PILOT STUDY IN
JAPANESE MEN
1
Hajime Utsuno1, Toru Kageyama2, Keiichi Uchida3, Kazuhiko
Kibayashi1
CASE REPORT: EVIDENCES OF HUMAN RIGHTS
VIOLATIONS BY BRAZILIAN DICTATORSHIP IN AN
UNUSUAL CASE OF WATER PRESERVATION OF HUMAN
REMAINS FOR 39 YEARS
Legal Medicine, Tokyo Womens Medical University, School
of Medcine, Tokyo, Japan; 2Orthodontics, Matsumoto Dental
University, Nagano, Japan; 3Oral Radiology, Matsumoto Dental
University, Nagano, Japan
1
O 32-2
16:15-16:30
VARIATION OF THE EAR SHAPE CHARACTERISTICS
IN JAPANESE AND ITS APPLICATION TO PERSONAL
IDENTIFICATION IN CRIMINAL CASES
Yoshihiro Takaesu1, Koji Sugawara1, Yasutaka Nakamura1,
Masatsugu Hashimoto1
Dept. of Forensic Odontology and Anthropology, Tokyo Dental
College, Tokyo, Japan; 2The Metropolitan Police Department,
Tokyo, Japan
1
O 32-3
16:30-16:45
COMBINED USE OF PHOTOANTHROPOMETRY AND
FACIAL GEOMETRY IN THE INVESTIGATION OF CHILD
PORNOGRAPHY ON THE INTERNET
Carlos Machado1, Raffaela Francisco2, Ana Bezerra3, Martin
Evison4, Marco Guimarães2
National Institute of Criminalistics, Technical Scientific Direction/
Brazilian Federal Police, Brasília, Brazil; 2Department of Pathology
and Legal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School/University
of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; 3Department of Odontology,
Healty Sciences School/University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil;
4
Centre for Forensic Science, Northumbria University, Newcastle,
United Kingdom
Pathology and Legal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School,
University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; 2Northumbria
University Centre for Forensic Science, Northumbria University,
Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
O 32-6
17:15-17:30
Raffaela Arrabaca Francisco1, Alexandre Pavan Garieri2, Andre
Ricardo Meinicke2, Marcio Talhavini2, Marcelo Jost2, Jorge
Marcelo Freitas2, Renato Teodoro Ferreira Paranaiba2, Lehi
Sudy Santos2, Sergio Britto Garcia1, Marco Aurelio Guimaraes1
Pathology and Legal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School,
University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; 2Federal Police
Department, Ministry of Justice, Brasília, Brazil
1
O 32-7
17:30-17:45
THE SEARCH FOR CLANDESTINE GRAVES OF THE DEAD
AND MISSING POLITICIANS FROM ARAGUAIA/BRAZIL
Alexandre Deitos1, Alana Azevedo2, Ademir Franco4, Rhonan
Silva3, Edgar Michel-Crosato2, Maria Biazevic2
Technical-Scientific Directorate, Federal Police, São Paulo, Brazil;
School of Dentistry (FOUSP), University of São Paulo, São Paulo,
Brazil; 3Institute of Legal Medicine, Goiás Police Force, Goiânia,
Brazil; 4Forensic Odontology, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven,
Belgium
1
2
1
O 32-4
16:45-17:00
209 (2F)
ORAL PRESENTATION 33 TRACE EVIDENCE / FORENSIC CHEMISTRY (TEC)
: OTHERS
CHAIRPERSONS
Marek Kotrlý (Czech Republic), Kang-Bong Lee (Korea)
FORENSIC MANAGEMENT OF ARTEFACTS IN THE
HUMAN IDENTIFICATION PROCESS THE CYPRUS
(COMMITTEE ON THE MISSING PERSONS IN CYPRUS)
EXPERIENCE: FROM THE FIELD TO THE RELEASE OF
HUMAN REMAINS
O 33-1
Nolly Moyssi, Maria Ktori, Uyum Vehit
1
United Nations, Committee on Missing Persons in Cyprus,
Nicosia, Cyprus
066
16:00-18:00
16:00-16:15
THE POTENTIAL FIELD FOR APPLICATION OF
NANOPARTICLE COLOR SENSOR TO DETECT FORENSIC
TRACE EVIDENCE ON SITE AND IN REAL TIME
Kang-Bong Lee1, Kown-Chul Noh2, Yun-Sik Nam1
Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and
Technology, Seoul, Korea (South); 2Chemistry, Korea University,
Seoul, Korea (South)
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
O 33-2
16:15-16:30
NANOFORENSIC APPLICATION : FABRICATION
OF PHOTOLUMINESCENT [EU(PHEN)2]3+-CLAY
NANOCOMPOSITES WITH MULTIFUCTIONAL
PROPERTIES FOR LATENT FINGERPRINT DETECTION
Seung-Jin Ryu2, Aran Kim1, Jin-Kyu Lee3, Hyun Jung1
Department of chemistry, Dongguk University, Seoul, Korea
(South); 2Forensic chemistry, NFS, Seoul, Korea (South);
3
Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
(South)
1
O 33-3
16:30-16:45
RESEARCH ON THE BRAKE MARK FOR ESTIMATION OF
THE VEHICLE SPEED
Shaoyou Pan
Pei-Ying Chang1, Feng-Yu Lin2
Forensic Science Center, New Taipei City Police Department,
New Taiepi City, Taiwan; 2Electronic Surveillance Division,
Criminal Investigation Bureau, Taipei City, Taiwan
1
O 34-2
16:15-16:30
CLOUD STORAGE APPLICATION- A SECURITY THREAT
Vinay Singh1, Afreen Tarannum1, Meenakshi Mahajan2, Arun
Sharma3
Sam Higgin Bottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and
Sciences, Department Of Forensic Science, Allahabad, India;
2
Home, Regional Forensic Scince Laboratory, NR, Dharamshala,
India; 3Home, State Forensic Scince Laboratory, Shimla Hills,
Junga, India
1
O 34-3
16:30-16:45
Department of Traffic Accident Investigation, Institute of Forensic
Science, Ministry of Justice, Prc, Shanghai, China
INFERRING ACTION INSTANCES WITH LIMITED
INFORMATION
Joshua James
O 33-4
Graduate School of Forensic Science, Soonchunhyang University,
Asan, Korea (South)
16:45-17:00
A STUDY OF INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT KIND OF SHOES
UPON GAIT FEATURES IN FOOTWEAR IMPRESSION
Yao Li
Department of trace examination techology, National Police
University of China, Shen Yang, China
O 33-5
17:00-17:15
INEXPENSIVE PARTICLE IMAGE ANALYSIS FOR
FORENSIC SOIL DISCRIMINATION OF SAND FRACTION
Ritsuko Sugita, Hiromi Itamiya
Third Department of Forensic Science, National Research Institute
of Police Science, Kashiwa, Japan
O 33-6
17:15-17:30
INVESTIGATION OF METALLIC GSR AND GSR NITRITES
IN BYSTANDERS UP TO 1 METER SPATIAL DISTANCE
FROM FIRING HANDS
Dr. Dimpna Dulay
Chemistry, NBI, Davao City, Philippines
210 (2F)
16:00-18:00
CHAIRPERSONS
Sam Higgin Bottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and
Sciences, Department of Forensic Science, Allahabad, India;
2
Home, Regional Forensic Science Laboratory, NR, Dharamshala,
India; 3Home, State Forensic Science Laboratory, Shimla Hills,
Junga, India
1
O 34-5
16:00-16:15
CLOUDTRACKER: A NOVEL FORENSICS TRACKING
SCHEME FOR ONLINE SOCIAL NETWORKS
APPLICATIONS
17:00-17:15
CONFRONTING CYBER CRIME IN CYBER CAFE BY
REGULATING ACCESS TO INTERNET
Nadia Khadam1, Zeeshan Pervez2
Law, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea (South); 2School of
Computing, University of the West of Scotland, Scotland, United
Kingdom
1
17:15-17:30
WINNOWING MULTIHASHING STRUCTURE PAYLOAD
ATTRIBUTION FOR NETWORK FORENSICS
Fei Xu, Xiaojun Chen, Yichen Wei, Jinqiao Shi, Xin Wen
National Engineering Laboratory for Information Security
Technologies, Institute of Information Engineering, CAS, Beijing,
China
O 34-7
Heejo Lee (Korea)
16:45-17:00
ROLE OF SOCIAL MEDIA IN IMPROVING POLICE-PUBLIC
RELATIONSHIP: A HYPOTHESIS
Vinay Singh1, Meenakshi Mahajan2, Vaibhav Saran1, Afreen
Tarannum1, Arun Sharma3
O 34-6
ORAL PRESENTATION 34 CYBER FORENSIC / DIGITAL AND MULTIMEDIA
SCIENCE (CF/DMS) : CYBER FORENSICS
O 34-1
O 34-4
17:30-17:45
A NEW METHOD FOR QUICK DETECTION OF CHILD
PORNOGRAPHIC VIDEOS AT CRIME SCENES
Pedro Eleuterio, Mateus Polastro
Forensics Departament, Brazilian Federal Police, Campo Grande/
ms, Brazil
067
WFF2014
O 34-8
17:45-18:00
RESEARCH ON THE DECRYPTION METHOD FOR
ARTIFACTS OF MESSENGER APP
Youngdae Koh, Changha Lee, Kyungsu Lee, Hyunsoo Kim
Technical Assistance, Gmdsystem Inc., Seoul, Korea (South)
IAFS Poster Presentation
Auditorium Lobby (3F)
09:00-10:30
POSTER PRESENTATION 06 FORENSIC GENETICS & BIOLOGY (GB)
P 06-1
P 06-4
09:00-10:30
STAINS OF SEMEN AND SEMINAL FLUID PRE AND
POSTVASECTOMY: PURITY AND SUFFICIENT QUANTITY
OF RECOVERED DNA AFTER 10 YEARS OF STORAGE
Carolina Mautoni1, Rafael Dias Astolphi1, Rafael Barrios
Mello1, Jose Arnaldo Soares Vieira3, Marcelo Souza Silva1,
Maria Luiza De Almeida Prado Oliveira Sousa2, Eloisa Auler
Bittencourt1, Edna Sadayo Miazato Iwamura1
Department of Pathology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao
Paulo, Brazil; 2Center for Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of
Criminology of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; 3Department of Legal
Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
1
09:00-10:30
THE ROLE OF GENETIC TESTING IN CARDIAC
DEATHS UNDER SUSPICION OF HYPERTROPHIC
CARDIOMYOPATHY: VALIDATING A METHOD AND
PRESENTING PRELIMINARY DATA OF AN ITALIAN
RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
Camilla Tettamanti, Simonetta Verdiani, Lucia Casarino,
Alessandro Bonsignore, Francesco Ventura
Department of Legal and Forensic Medicine, University of Genova,
Genova, Italy
P 06-2
Pathology and Legal Medicine, Riberao Preto Medical School University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
09:00-10:30
COMBATING INTERNATIONAL WILDLIFE TRAFFICKING
IN LATIN AMERICA: THE ROLE OF FORENSIC SCIENCE
IN THE CONTEXT OF THE AMAZON ECOSYSTEM
Rodrigo Mayrink1, Antonio Mauricio Santos Filho1, Daniel
Vilela2, Marina Meneghini3, Izabella Machado4, Barbara
Trindade5
Forensic Sector, Federal Police of Brazil, Belo Horizonte, Brazil;
Sector of Reception and Care of Wild Animals, Brazilian Institute
of Environment and Renewable Resources, Belo Horizonte,
Brazil; 3Environmental Engineering Course, Federal Center of
Technological Education, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; 4Biology Course,
Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil;
5
Environmental Engineering Course, Una University Center, Belo
Horizonte, Brazi
P 06-5
09:00-10:30
FORENSIC BODY FLUID IDENTIFICATION BY
SIMULTANEOUS DETECTION OF DNA METHYLATION
CHANGES AND THE PRESENCE OF BACTERIAL DNA
Eun Young Lee, Ajin Choi, Kyoung-Jin Shin, Woo Ick Yang,
Hwan Young Lee
Department of Forensic Medicine, Yonsei University College of
Medicine, Seoul, Korea (South)
P 06-6
09:00-10:30
SEQUENCE DIVERSITY OF MITOCHONDRIAL DNA
CONTROL REGION IN KOREA POPULATION
Sang-Ok Moon, Myung Jin Park, Jihye Park, Hyunchul Park, SiKeun Lim
Forensic DNA Analysis Division, National Forensic Service,
Wonju, Korea (South)
1
2
P 06-3
09:00-10:30
EXHUMED BONES AND TEETH FROM TROPICAL
CLIMATE FOR FORENSIC HUMAN IDENTIFICATION
PURPOSES: HISTOPATHOLOGY OF FEMORAL COMPACT
BONE AND APPLICATION OF ENDODONTIC METHODS
IN TEETH
Rafael Dias Astolphi1, Victor Eduardo Arias1, Caio Cesar
Floriano Luz1, Marco Aurelio Guimaraes2, Raffaela Arrabaca
Francisco2, Rafal Barrios Mello1, Maria Regina Regis Silva1,
Carolina Mautoni1, Maria Tereza Seixas Alves1, Edna Sadayo
Miazato Iwamura1
Department of Pathology, Paulista School of Medicine - Federal
University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; 2Department of
1
068
P 06-7
09:00-10:30
DEVELOPMENT OF THE KPLEX-23 MULTIPLEX PCR
SYSTEM TO ANALYZE 23 FORENSIC MARKERS
Yu Na Oh1, Eun Young Lee1, Young Geun Yang2, Jeong Eun Sim3,
Su Jeong Park3, Soong Deok Lee4, Kyoung-Jin Shin1
Department of Forensic Medicine, Yonsei University College
of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (South); 2Bioquest, Inc., Seoul, Korea
(South); 3DNA Analysis Laboratory, DNA Forensic Division,
Supreme Prosecutors Office, Seoul, Korea (South); 4Department of
Forensic Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine,
Seoul, Korea (South)
1
P 06-8
09:00-10:30
IDENTIFICATION OF SEQUENCE VARIATIONS IN THE
D21S11 LOCUS WITH FORENSIC DNA SAMPLES BY
NEXT GENERATION SEQUENCING
Won-Hae Lee, Joo-Young Kim, Kyung-Sook Kim, Jin Myung
Lee, Saimi Jung, Myung Jin Park, Na Yeon Kim, Nam-Soo Cho,
Jong-Jin Kim
Forensic DNA Analysis Division, National Forensic Service, Wonju
220-170, Korea (South)
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
P 06-9
09:00-10:30
FORENSIC EXAMINATIONS TO DETECT FRAUDS IN
THE BRAZILIAN OFFICIAL PASSERINES BANDING
SCHEME: A TOOL IN THE INVESTIGATION OF WILDLIFE
TRAFFICKING
Rodrigo Mayrink1, Daniel Vilela2, Antonio Mauricio Santos
Filho1, Barbara Trindade3
Forensic Sector, Federal Police of Brazil, Belo Horizonte, Brazil;
Sector of Reception and Care of Wild Animals, Brazilian Institute
of Environment and Renewal Resources, Belo Horizonte, Brazil;
3
Environmental Engineering Course, Una University Center, Belo
Horizonte, Brazil
1
P 06-15
09:00-10:30
DNA BARCODES REVEAL FISH FOOD FRAUD
Hee-Soo Kim1, Sungmin Kim1, Narae Kim2, Youngwook Nam2,
Hyeyoung Koo2, Ukhee Chung3, Hye Hyun Oh3, Won Kim1
School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University,
Seoul, Korea (South); 2Department of Biological Science, Sangji
University, Wonju, Korea (South); 3DNA Forensic Division,
Supreme Prosecutors Office, Seoul, Korea (South)
1
2
P 06-10
09:00-10:30
INTERNAL VALIDATION AND CONCORDANCE STUDY
FOR NEXT-GENERATION STR KITS
Jung-Hyun Park, Seung-Bum Hong, Si-Nae Han
Division of DNA Analysis, Scientific Investigation Laboratory,
Criminal Investigation Command, Ministry of National Defense,
Seoul, Korea (South)
P 06-11
09:00-10:30
DETERMINATION OF Y-STR MUTATIONS RATES IN
FATHER-SON DUOS
Gonul Filoglu, Elif Mertoglu, Ozlem Bulbul, Gulten Rayimoglu,
Havva Altuncul
Forensic Genetics, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Istanbul
University, Istanbul, Turkey
P 06-12
09:00-10:30
SEQUENCING ANALYSIS OF MITOCHONDRIAL DNA
CODING REGION (8389 TO 8865)
Havva Altuncul, Omer Karatas, Arzu Duvenci, Akın Katoglu,
Ozlem Bulbul, Gonul Filoglu
Forensic Genetics, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Istanbul
University, Istanbul, Turkey
P 06-13
09:00-10:30
THE GENETIC DIVERSITY OF MITOCHONDRIAL DNA
(D-LOOP REGION) IN TURKISH POPULATION
Havva Altuncul, Akin Katoglu, Omer Karatas, Yasemin
Demirbas, Ozlem Bulbul, Gonul Filoglu
Forensic Genetics, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Istanbul
University, Istanbul, Turkey
P 06-14
09:00-10:30
NGS-BASED DETECTION OF DIVERSE AQUATIC
ORGANISMS FOR DIAGNOSTIC OF DROWNING DEATH
Sungmin Kim1, Hye Hyun Oh2, Seung Hwan Lee2, Won Kim1
School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul,
Korea (South); 2DNA Forensic Division, Supreme Prosecutors
Office, Seoul, Korea (South)
1
P 06-16
09:00-10:30
APPLICATIONS OF DNA BARCODING TO WILDLIFE
ROAD-KILL
Sungmin Kim1, Hyewon Kim1, Hye Hyun Oh2, Seung Hwan Lee2,
Hang Lee3, Won Kim1
School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul,
Korea (South); 2DNA Forensic Division, Supreme Prosecutors
Office, Seoul, Korea (South); 3College of Veterinary Medicine,
Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea (South)
1
P 06-17
09:00-10:30
A FORENSIC CASE STUDY: ESTIMATING A DROWNING
SITE FROM THE DROWNING VICTIM
Sungmin Kim, Won Kim
School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul,
Korea (South)
P 06-18
09:00-10:30
MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF CHARRED VICTIM BY
ANALYSIS OF AUTOSOMAL CHROMOSOMES
Maria Chimpolo, Nasser Calumbuana, Valdemar Mateus
Morfology, Medical School-Agostinho Neto University, Luanda,
Angola
P 06-19
09:00-10:30
ANALYSIS OF MULTIPLE-SOURCE SEMINAL STAIN
PATTERN: A CALCULATED APPROACH TO ELUCIDATION
OF THE CONTRIBUTORS
Lay Hong Seah
Head of DNA Serious Crime Unit, Forensic Division, Department of
Chemistry Malaysia, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
P 06-20
09:00-10:30
EVALUATION OF Y-STR DNA RESULTS OF KINSHIP
CASES USING THE PHILIPPINE ONLINE Y-STR
HAPLOTYPE REFERENCE DATABASE (YHRD)
Jazelyn Salvador1, 2, Maria Lourdes Honrado1, Lindsay Clare
Carandang2, Altair Agmata2, Angelica Rose Sagum1, Maria
Corazon De Ungria1, 2
DNA Analysis Laboratory, Natural Sciences Research Institute,
University of the Philippines, Quezon City, Philippines; 2Program on
Forensics and Ethnicity, Philippine Genome Center, Quezon City,
Philippines
1
069
WFF2014
P 06-21
09:00-10:30
P 06-28
09:00-10:30
USE OF NGS FOR WHOLE MITOCHONDRIAL DNA
SEQUENCING FOR KOREAN
USE OF MASS SPECTROMETER FOR FORENSIC
GENETICS
Sohee Cho1, Hye Yeon Kim2, Su Jeong Park2, Soong Deok Lee1
Hye-Young Lee1, Soojung Park1, Heewon Min1, Yien- Kyoung
Choi2, Su-Jeong Park2, Soong-Deok Lee1
Department of Forensic Medicine, Seoul National University
College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (South); 2DNA Forensic
Division, Supreme Prosecutors' Office, Seoul, Korea (South)
1
P 06-22
09:00-10:30
THE FREQUENCIES OF DEFECTIVE ALLELES OF CYP2C19
GENE IN A TURKISH POPULATION
Husniye Canan, Ayse Serin, Behnan Alper, Mete Korkut
Gulmen
Forensic Medicine Department, Cukurova University Faculty of
Medicine, Adana, Turkey
P 06-23
09:00-10:30
IDENTIFICATION AND KINSHIP CASES OF CUKUROVA
UNIVERSITY MEDICAL FACULTY DEPARTMENT OF
FORENSIC MEDICINE BETWEEN 2006-2013
Husniye Canan, Ayse Serin, Behnan Alper, Mete Korkut
Gulmen
Forensic Medicine Department, Cukurova University Faculty of
Medicine, Adana, Turkey
P 06-24
09:00-10:30
SEARCH FOR MARKERS OF HUMAN AGE WITH NEXT
GENERATION SEQUENCING (NGS)
Joanna Kosinska1, Piotr Gasperowicz1, Renata ZbiecPiekarska2, Magdalena Spolnicka2, Zanetta Makowska2, Piotr
Stawinski1, Agnieszka Prochenka1, Agnieszka Parys-Proszek3,
Tomasz Kupiec3, Rafał Płoski1
Department of Forensic Medicine, Seoul National University
College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (South); 2DNA Analysis
Laboratory, DNA Forensic Division, Supreme Prosecutors’ Office,
Seoul, Korea (South)
1
P 06-29
09:00-10:30
IDENTIFICATION OF DISCORDANCE IN STR FGA LOCUS
BETWEEN POWERPLEX16 AND POWERPLEX ESI PCR
AMPLIFICATION KITS
Jan Schnitzer, Dana Kvitkova, Zbynek Dolejsi
Department of genetics, Institute of Criminalistics Prague, Prague,
Czech Republic
P 06-30
09:00-10:30
HIGH-THROUGHPUT REAL-TIME PCR GENOTYPING
ASSAY FOR THE FORENSIC DETECTION OF
MITOCHONDRIAL DNA SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE
POLYMORPHISM
Kadir Dastan1, Fatma Cavus1, Tolga Zorlu1, Gulten Rayimoglu1,
Umut Kara1, Melek Ozlem Kolusayin1, Sule Beyhan Ozdas1,
Emel Hulya Yukseloglu1
Istanbul University, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Istanbul,
Turkey; 2The Ministry of Justice, The Council Forensic Medicine,
Istanbul, Turkey; 3Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty,
Department of Forensic Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey; 4Istanbul Bilim
University, Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Biology and
Genetics, Istanbul, Turkey
1
Department of Medical Genetics, Warsaw Medical University,
Warsaw, Poland; 2Department of Biology, Central Forensic
Laboratory of the Police, Warsaw, Poland; 3Section of Forensic
Genetics, Institute of Forensic Research, Krakow, Poland
P 06-31
P 06-25
Lotte Downey, Martin Ensenberger, Patricia Fulmer, Kristy Lenz,
Dawn Rabbach, Cynthia Sprecher, Douglas Storts
1
09:00-10:30
REPLICATION OF HEIGHT GWAS IN KOREAN
POPULATION AND EVALUATION OF HEIGHT
PREDICTION MODEL IMPLEMENTED WITH THE
GENETIC MARKERS
09:00-10:30
MAXIMIZE INFORMATION FROM YOUR MIXTURE
SAMPLES WITH THE POWERPLEX® FUSION 6C
SYSTEM, A COMBINED AUTOSOMAL AND Y-STR
MULTIPLEX
Genetic Identity, Promega Corporation, Madison, Wisconsin,
United States
Ji Eun Lim, Bermseok Oh
P 06-32
Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine,
Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea (South)
THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT FINGERPRINT POWDERS
ON SUBSEQUENT DNA PROFILING
P 06-26
Prisca Ng1, Xanthe Spindler1, Claude Roux1, Melanie Fraser2,
Chris Lennard3, Peter Gunn1
09:00-10:30
FORENSİC MICROBIOLOGICAL RESEARCH ON SOIL
SAMPLES IN ISTANBUL
Huseyin Cakan, Filiz Ekim Cevik, Ayse Kaya
Institute of Forensic Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
070
09:00-10:30
Centre for Forensic Science, University of Technology, Sydney,
Sydney, Australia; 2Forensics, Australian Federal Police, Canberra,
Australia; 3National Centre for Forensic Studies, University of
Canberra, Canberra, Australia
1
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
P 06-33
09:00-10:30
HYBRIDIZATION-MEDIATED LOCUS ENRICHMENT FOR
STR ANALYSIS OF FRAGMENTED DNA
Seon-Kyu Ham1, Se-Yong Kim2, Jang-Won Ahn1, Bo Young
Seo2, Kwang-Man Woo2, Cheol Yong Choi1, Seung-Hwan Lee2
Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University,
Suwon, Korea (South); 2DNA Analysis Laboratory, Division of
Forensic DNA, Supreme Prosecutors’ Office, Seoul, Korea (South)
1
P 06-34
09:00-10:30
FEASIBILITY OF NANO FILAMENT FIBERS FOR TRACE
DNA EVIDENCE
Jong Keun Jung1, Mi Jung Kim1, Hee Yeon Park1, Sumin Lee1,
Jeung-Ah Kwon2, Sang Cheul Shin2, Byung Won Chun2, Si Keun
Lim2
DNA analysis section, Department of Forensic Medicine, Busan
institute, Yangsan 626-810, Korea (South); 2DNA analysis division,
Department of Forensic Medicine, National Forensic Service,
Wonju 220-170, Korea (South)
1
P 06-35
09:00-10:30
DEVELOPMENT OF A REAL-TIME PCR METHOD
FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF THE MOTTLED
SKATE, BERINGRAJA PULCHRA
In Kwan Hwang1, 5, Hae Yong Lee1, Min-Hee Kim2, Hyun-Su
Jo3, 4, Dong-Ho Choi1, Pil Won Kang1, Yang-Han Lee2, Nam-Soo
Cho2, Ki-Won Park2, Ho Zoon Chae5
DNA Analysis Division, National Forensic Service, Seoul, Korea
(South); 2Forensic DNA Division, National Forensic Service,
Wonju, Korea (South); 3Fisheries Researchs and Environment
Division, West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Incheon, Korea
(South); 4Dept. of Marine Science & Production, Kunsan National
University, Gunsan, Korea (South); 5School of Biological Sciences
and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
(South)
1
P 06-36
09:00-10:30
VALIDATION OF EXTRACTION METHODS FOR HUMAN
DNA FROM CIGARETTE BUTTS
Paul Ryan Sales, Dorothy Emma Ferrer, Gayvelline Calacal,
Jazelyn Salvador, Maria Corazon De Ungria
DNA Analysis Laboratory, Natural Sciences Research Institute,
University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
P 06-37
09:00-10:30
WEB-BASED SYSTEM FOR INTERPRETING AND
SEARCHING MIXED DNA PROFILE
Hyunchul Park1, Mi-Jin Kim1, Si-Keun Lim1, Kyungmyung Lee1,
Sanghyun An1, Myun-Soo Han1, Won Kim2
Forensic DNA division, National Forensic Service, Wonju, Korea
(South); 2Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul,
Korea (South)
1
P 06-38
09:00-10:30
DNA PROFILING IN BLOOD, BUCCAL SWABS AND HAIR
FOLLICLES OF PATIENTS TRANSPLANTATION
Volkan Zeybek1, Guven Koyuncu2, Yucel Arısoy3, Selcan Zeybek4
Forensic Medicine, Council of Forensic Medicine, Denizli, Turkey;
Biology, Council of Forensic Medicine, İzmir, Turkey; 3Department
of Forensic Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey;
4
Department of Medical Genetics, Pamukkale University, Denizli,
Turkey
1
2
P 06-39
09:00-10:30
PCR IN 1 MICRO LITER FOR BUCCAL SWABS
Pavla Coufalova, Zbynek Dolejsi
genetic, KUP, Prague, Czech Republic
P 06-40
09:00-10:30
COMBINED GENETIC AND MICRO-CHEMICAL
ANALYSIS OF HOUSEHOLD DUST AS A DEFINITIVE
TRACE IDENTIFIER OF A ROOM AND ITS OCCUPANTS
Katherine Farash1, Hayley O'brien2, Erin Hanson2, Nicholas
Petraco3, Jack Ballantyne4
Forensic Science Graduate Program, Biochemistry Track,
University of Central Florida, Orlando, United States; 2National
Center for Forensic Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando,
United States; 3Petraco Consulting, Massapequa Park, United
States; 4Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida,
Orlando, United States
1
P 06-41
09:00-10:30
DNA EVIDENCE INTERPRETATION FOR SEXUAL
ASSAULT CASES IN THE PHILIPPINES: ADOPTING A
CONTINUOUS MODEL FOR MIXTURE ANALYSIS
Jae Joseph Russell Rodriguez1, Jo-Anne Bright3, Jazelyn
Salvador1, Rita Laude2, Maria Corazon De Ungria1
DNA Analysis Laboratory, Natural Sciences Research Institute,
University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines;
2
Genetics and Molecular Biology Division, Institute of Biological
Sciences, University of the Philippines, Los Baños, Laguna,
Philippines; 3ESR Ltd, Mt Albert Science Centre, Auckland, New
Zealand
1
P 06-42
09:00-10:30
FORENSIC DNA DEPARTMENT EXPERTISE IN CIVILIAN
AND CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIONS IN JEDDAH: A
5-YEARS RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
Khalid Yousef Mattar1, Mamdouh Kamal Zaki1
Head of Forensic Medicine, Forensic Evidence Administration,
Ministry of Interior, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; 2Senior Forensic
Medical Examiner, Jeddah Forensic Medicine Center, Jeddah,
Saudi Arabia
1
P 06-44
09:00-10:30
EVALUATION OF THE FALSE POSITIVE RATES
ASSOCIATED WITH IMMUNOCHROMATOGRAPHIC
071
WFF2014
ASSAYS FOR SEMINAL FLUID PROTEIN DETECTION
IN SAMPLES CONTAINING FEMALE VAGINAL
SECRETIONS
Heather Mazzanti1, Bethany Kleiser3, Jillian Fesolovich2,
Christian Westring2
P 07-3
Forensic Science, Arcadia University/The Center for Forensic
Science Research & Education, Willow Grove, United States;
2
Criminalistics, NMS Labs, Willow Grove, United States; 3Forensic
Science, Arcadia University, Glenside, United States
Dept. of Crime Scene Investigation Team, Ansan-Danwon Police
Station, Ansan-Danwon City, Korea (South)
1
P 06-45
09:00-10:30
VARIABILITY OF SE33 LOCUS IN 2 MEDITERRANEAN
POPULATIONS
Angelo La Marca1, Anna Barbaro1, Patrizia Cormaci1, Marisa
Cassar2, J.c. Grech2
11:00-12:30
STUDY ON THE POST-MORTEM INTERVAL (PMI)
CALCULATION METHOD BASED ON THE BLOOD
MOISTURE EVAPORATION MASS CHANGE
Yong-Soo Mun
P 07-4
11:00-12:30
MORPHOLOGICAL AND FUNCTIONAL ANALYSES
OF TRAUMATIC SUBMACULAR HEMORRHAGE
BY OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY AND
MULTIFOCAL ELECTRORETINOGRAMS
Liu Ruijue, Yu Xiaoying, Wang Meng, Zhou Shu, Chen Jiemin,
Xia Wentao
Forensic Genetics, Studio Indagini Mediche E Forensi (SIMEF),
Reggio Calabria, Italy; 2Forensic Genetics, MLS BioDNA, Malta
Department of Clinic Forensic Medicine, Institude of Forensic
Science, Ministry of Justice, P.r.china, Shanghai, China
P 06-46
P 07-5
1
09:00-10:30
DNA PROFILES DETECTION IN SALIVA MIXTURES
AFTER KISSING
Angelo La Marca, Anna Barbaro, Patrizia Cormaci, Stefano
Votano
Forensic Genetics, Studio Indagini Mediche E Forensi (SIMEF),
Reggio Calabria, Italy
P 06-47
09:00-10:30
APPLICATION OF ACCUID® (SNP BASED
RESEQUENCING ARRAY) IN FAMILIAL IDENTIFICATION
Jong Eun Lee, Hyung Jin Yu, Ji Sung Han, Yoon Soo Kim
DNA Link, Inc., Seoul, Korea (South)
Auditorium Lobby (3F)
11:00-12:30
POSTER PRESENTATION 07 CLNICAL FORENSIC MEDICINE (CFM)
P 07-1
11:00-12:30
WHICH DEATHS COULD BE PREVENTED AND HOW?
AN ANALYSIS OF AUTOPSY REPORTS OF DEATHS
ASSOCIATED WITH TRAUMA
Mehmet Toygar1, Yusuf Emrah Eyi2, Kenan Karbeyaz3, Umit
Kaldirim2, Salim Kemal Tuncer2, Murat Durusu2
Emergency Medicine, Gulhane Military Medical Academy,
Ankara, Turkey; 2Forensic Medicine, Gulhane Military Medical
Academy, Ankara, Turkey; 3Forensic Medicine, Council of Forensic
Medicine, Eskisehir, Turkey
1
P 07-6
11:00-12:30
MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR DNA
DECONTAMINATION OF CLINICAL FORENSIC
EXAMINATION SUITES AND EQUIPMENT
John Gall1, 2, 3
Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne,
Australia; 2Victorian Forensic Paediatric Medical Service, Royal
Children's Hospital and Monash Medical Centre, Melbourne,
Australia; 3Era Health, Southern Medical Services, Melbourne,
Australia
1
11:00-12:30
OXIDATIVE STRESS STATUS IN CORPUS CAVERNOSUM
TISSUE OF NEUROGENIC ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION
RATS
Hanjian Shen
P 07-7
11:00-12:30
Clinical Forensic Medicine, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry
of Justice, Shanghai, China
FORENSIC IMPACT OF ACCIDENTAL FIREARMS
DEATH DURING JORDANIAN AND SOCIAL SOCIETY
CELEBRATION
P 07-2
Forensic Medicine, The University Of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
11:00-12:30
CHARACTERISTICS OF CHILD SEXUAL OFFENDERS; A
SERIES FROM TURKEY
M.mustafa Arslan1, Dua Sumeyra Demirkiran1, Ramazan
Akcan2, Cem Zeren1
Forensic Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey;
Forensic Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
1
2
072
Imad (emad) Al-Abdallat
P 07-8
11:00-12:30
PATIENT'S KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICES ON
INFORMED CONSENT IN MEDICAL PRACTICE
Nirmala Perera1, Paranirubasingam Paranitharan1, Priyanjith
Perera1, D. C. G. a Weerasingha1, Sanjaya Hulathduwa2
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
Department of forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ragama,
Sri Lanka; 2Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medical
Sciences, University of Sri Jayawardenepure, Sri Lanka
1
P 07-9
11:00-12:30
ACCIDENTAL GENITAL TRAUMA IN THE FEMALE
CHILDREN IN JORDAN AND THE ROLE OF FORENSIC
MEDICINE
Imad Al-Abdallat
Forensic medicine and Pathology, The University of Jordan,Faculty
of Medicine, Amman, Jordan
P 07-10
Anuruddhi Edirisinghe, Indira Kitulwatte
Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University
of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka
11:00-12:30
EVALUATION OF BURN CASES IN FORENSIC MEDICINE
Cuneyt Cenger1, Suleyman Bademler2, Yuksel Yazıcı3, Suheyla
Aliustaoglu3, Muhammed Zubeyir Ucuncu2, Atiye Sozen1, Haluk
Ince1
Department of Forensic Medicine, 1. Istanbul Univeristy Istanbul
Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; 2Department of Emergency
Medicine, 2. Istanbul Univeristy Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul,
Turkey; 3Forensic Medicine, Council of Justice Ministry, Istanbul,
Turkey
1
P 07-13
11:00-12:30
SEXUAL ASSAULTS AND MEDICAL APPROACH
Kenan Kaya, Mete Korkut Gulmen, Ebubekir Burak Celik,
Ahmet Hilal, Necmi Cekin
Department of Forensic Medicine, Çukurova University Faculty of
Medicine, Adana, Turkey
P 07-14
11:00-12:30
GERIATRIC TRAUMAS IN THE JUDICIAL REPORTS OF
ADANA, TURKEY
Kenan Kaya, Mete Korkut Gulmen, Eren Akgunduz, Ebubekir
Burak Celik, Ahmet Hilal, Necmi Cekin
Department of Forensic Medicine, Çukurova University Faculty of
Medicine, Adana, Turkey
P 07-15
P 07-16
11:00-12:30
INVESTIGATION OF KNOWLEDGE LEVEL ABOUT
MOTORCYCLE HELMETS AND HEAD INJURIES AMONG
MOTORCYCLE RIDERS IN TURKEY
Ali Rıza Tumer1, M.serif Yildirim1, Okan Alp2, Aykut Lale1, Aysun
Balseven Odabasi1
11:00-12:30
THE RESOLUTION ON THE MELTING OF "ICEBERG
PHENOMENON" IN CHILD SEXUAL ASSAULT AND
CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE IN INDONESIA
Evi Untoro
Forensic and Medicolegal, Sentra Medika Cibinong Hospital,
Cibinong, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
11:00-12:30
TEACHING TRAINING OF MEDICS IN SEXUAL ASSAULT
FORENSIC EXAMINATION, REPORTING AND MULTIDISCIPLINARY MANAGEMENT IN SRI LANKA
P 07-11
Forensic Medicine, Hacettepe Universty, Ankara, Turkey; 2Turkish
Motorcycle Federation, Motorcycle Federations, Ankara, Turkey
1
Auditorium Lobby (3F)
11:00-12:30
POSTER PRESENTATION 08 FINGERPRINT / SCENE INVESTIGATION (FPR/SI)
P 08-1
11:00-12:30
FORENSIC SOIL ANALYSIS
Kiwook Kim, Sanchul Huh
Chemical Analysis, National Forensic Service, Wonju, Korea
(South)
P 08-3
11:00-12:30
APPLICATION OF FULL SPECTRUM PHOTOGRAPHY
APPARATUS IN FORENSIC SCIENCE
Xuejing Dai, Fuyao Wang
Forensic Science Technology, China Criminal Police University,
Shenyang, China
P 08-5
11:00-12:30
FORENSIC INVESTIGATION PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE
TO SOLVE THE SUICIDE CASES
Dr. Mukesh Sharma
Senior Scientific Officer, Physics Division, State Forensic Science
Laboratory, Jaipur (rajasthan), India
P 08-6
11:00-12:30
RECONSTRUCTION OF THE COURSE OF EVENTS BASED
ON BLOODSTAIN PATTERN ANALYSIS
Piotr Girdwoyn1, Tadeusz Tomaszewski1, Robert Sitnik2
Chair of Criminalistics, Faculty of Law, University of Warsaw,
Warsaw, Poland; 2Institute of Micromechanics and Photonics,
Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
1
P 08-7
11:00-12:30
THE TECHNICAL METHODS OF BOMBING SCENES
INVESTIGATION IN CHINA
Lihong Chen, Hongguo Zhang, Yanchun Zhang
Key Laboratory of Impression Evidence Examination and
Identification Technology, China Criminal Police University,
Shenyang, China
073
WFF2014
P 08-8
11:00-12:30
FACILE USE OF NIR-RESPONSIVE NAYF4:YB,ER
UPCONVERSION FLUORESCENT NANOPARTICLES FOR
SENSITIVE, EFFICIENT AND NON-TOXIC DETECTION OF
LATENT FINGERMARKS IN FORENSIC SCIENCE
Meng Wang
Department of Trace Examination, National Police University of
China, Shenyang, China
P 08-9
11:00-12:30
APPLYING OF TIRE TRACE IN TRAFFIC ACCIDENT
ANALYSIS AND IDENTIFICATION
Institute of Police Science, Kashiwa, Japan; 6 Department of
Electrical Engineering and Bioscience, Waseda University, Tokyo,
Japan
P 08-14
11:00-12:30
CREATION OF ARTIFICIAL LATENT FINGERPRINTS
BASED ON AMINO ACIDS
Ingi Hong, Aleum Han, Jin Yi Seo, Juyoung Namgung, Yunseok
Ok, Sungwook Hong
Graduate School of Forensic Sciences, Soonchunhyang University,
Asan-Si, Korea (South)
Yi Jin
P 08-15
Department of Trace Examination Technology, National Police
University of China, Shenyang, China
CASE REPORT USING CRIMINAL INTELLIGENCE
INTEGRATION AND PHYSICAL EVIDENCE
EXAMINATION TO SOLVE CRIME CASE
Yen-Cheng Ho, Tai-Hung Chen, Shih-Chiang Cho, Nu-En Huang
P 08-10
11:00-12:30
ENHANCING BLACK MAGNETIC POWDER DEVELOPED
FINGERPRINTS BY USING INFRARED PHOTOGRAPHY
11:00-12:30
Forensic Science Centre, New Taipei City Police Department, New
Taipei City, Taiwan
Chuntao Chen
P 08-16
Forensic Science and Technology, Jiangsu Police Institute,
Nanjing, China
P 08-11
11:00-12:30
CURRENT SITUATION OF BOMBING SCENE
INVESTIGATION IN CHINA
Zhang Hongguo , Chen Lihong , Zhang Yanchun , Yanlei Li
1
1
1
2
Key Laboratory of Impression Evidence Examination and
Identification Technology, China Criminal Police University,
Shenyang, China; 2The Institute of Forensic Science, Shijiazhuang
Municipal Bureau of Public Security, Shijiazhuang, China
11:00-12:30
HOMOGENEITY CONFIRMATION OF AMINO ACIDBASED ARTIFICIAL LATENT FINGERPRINTS WITH AN
AUTOMATED FINGERPRINT IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM
Ingi Hong, Aleum Han, Sungwook Hong
Graduate School of Forensic Sciences, Soonchunhyang University,
Asan-Si, Korea (South)
1
P 08-18
11:00-12:30
THE COMBUSTION OF A FEMALE BODY
THE RESEARCH OF USINGTHE WHOLE BAND OF
CCD DIGITAL CAMERA TO EXTRACT THE LATENT
FINGERPRINTS ON DIFFERENT VARIETY OF ADHESIVE
TAPES
Dan Wang
Youngsu Kong, Youngjin Cho, Keonwoo Joh, Seokhyun Yoon,
Jeamo Goh
Audio-Visual Material Inspection Technology Department,
National Police University of China, Shenyang, China
Physical Engineering, Gwangju Institute, National Forensic
Service, Jeonnam, Korea (South)
P 08-19
P 08-12
P 08-13
11:00-12:30
11:00-12:30
POSSIBILITY OF LATENT FINGERMARKS DETECTION
AND VISUALIZATION USING THERMAL ASSISTED
MAILLARD REACTION
Kazuhito Hibino1, Shigeki Takeuchi2, Osamu Shimoda3,
Masahisa Takatsu4, Norimitsu Akiba5, Kenji Kurosawa5, Kenro
Kuroki5, Atsushi Nakamura6, Takayuki Sota6
Identification Division, National Police Agency, Tokyo,
Japan; 2Forensic Science Laboratory, Gifu Prefectural Police
Headquarters, Gifu, Japan; 3Forensic Science Laboratory, Hyogo
Prefectural Police Headquarters, Kobe, Japan; 4Water Quality
Management Center, Public Enterprises Agency of Hyogo
Prefecture, Kobe, Japan; 5Physics Section, National Research
1
074
11:00-12:30
THE RESEARCH OF DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHY
AND IMAGE SEPARATION OF SWEAT AND DUST
OVERLAPPED FINGERPRINTS ON TRANSPARENT
GLASS
Dan Wang
Audio-Visual Material Inspection Technology Department,
National Police University of China, Shenyang, China
P 08-20
11:00-12:30
SEX DIFFERENCES OF FINGERPRINT RIDGE DENSITY IN
SOUTH KOREA POPULATION
Kyunghee Bae
Soonchunhyang University, Forensic Science Graduate School,
Sinchang, Korea (South)
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
P 08-22
11:00-12:30
DETECTING BODY FLUID-CONTAMINATED
FINGERMARKS AND LATENT STAINS ON SKIN USING
IMMUNOGENIC REAGENTS
Asan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea (South); 2Division of Forensic
Safety, National Forensic Service, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do, Korea
(South)
Xanthe Spindler1, Reasmey Tith1, Chris Lennard2, Claude Roux1
P 08-29
Centre for Forensic Science, University of Technology, Sydney,
Ultimo, Australia; 2Forensic Science, School of Science and
Health, University of Western Sydney, Richmond, Australia
A METHOD TO MAKE 3D PLASTER MODLE OF
FOOTPRINT
Tong Dexin
P 08-24
Liaoning Police Academy, Criminal technology department,
DaLian, China
1
11:00-12:30
ADVANCED APPLICATION OF 1,2-INDANEDIONE FOR
LATENT FINGERPRING DEVELOPMENT ON THERMAL
PAPER
Juyoung Namgoong, Kyunghee Bae, Jeseol Yu
Soonchunhyang University, Graduate School of Forensic Science,
Shinchang, Korea (South)
P 08-25
11:00-12:30
A STUDY OF THE GENERATION OF THE BLOODY
FINGERPRINT BY THE CONTACT BLOODSTAIN AFTER
THE GENERATION OF A NORMAL FINGERPRINT
Sang-Yoon Lee, Dong-Hwan Kim, Jin-Pyo Kim, Byung-Sun
Moon, Kyung-Hwa Lee, Young-Il Seo, Jae-Yong Song, YoungWoo Choi, Jae-Mo Goh, Nam-Kyu Park
Division of Forensic Safety, National Forensic Service, Won-ju,
Gangwon-do, Korea (South)
P 08-31
11:00-12:30
SEPARATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF OVERLAPPING
FINGERPRINTS BY FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED
SPECTROSCOPIC IMAGING
11:00-12:30
ON AN UNUSUAL EXPLOSION CASE MISTAKEN AS AN
ARSON AFTER HOMICIDAL STRANGULATION IN THE
FIRE SCENE
Byung Seon Moon1, Jae Yong Song1, Young Woo Choi1, Seong
Jin Kim1, Young Il Seo2, Woo Jeong Jeon1, Jae Mo Goh3, Nam
Kyu Park4, Hong Ill Ha5
Physics & Engineering Division, Busan Institute, National
Forensic Service, Yang San, Korea (South); 2Forensic Safety
Division, Department of Forensic Engineering, National Forensic
Service, Won Ju, Korea (South); 3Gwangju institute, National
Forensic Service, Jang Seong, Korea (South); 4Department of
Forensic Engineering, National Forensic Service, Won Ju, Korea
(South); 5Forensic Medicine Division, Busan Institute, National
Forensic Service, Yang San, Korea (South)
1
P 08-32
P 08-26
11:00-12:30
11:00-12:30
FINGERPRINTING AS HUMAN IDENTIFICATION FOR
VICTIMS IN MASS DISASTER
Kwang-Sang Yoon1, Young-Sam Kim2, Bong-Soo Kweon3
Forensic Chemistry Sec., Seoul Institute, NFS, Seoul, Korea
(South)
Crime Scene Investigation Team, Ilsan Police Station, Gyeonggido 410-740, Korea (South); 2Section of Crime Scene Investigation,
Gyeonggi Provincial Police 2nd Agency, Gyeonggi-do 480-822,
Korea (South); 3Section of Crime Scene Investigation, Gyeonggi
Provincial Police 2nd Agency, Gyeonggi-do 410-740, Korea (South)
P 08-27
P 08-33
Nam Yee Kim, Jae-Hoon You, Ja-Youl Yang, Yuna Kim, Sek
Youn Park, Seung-Jin Ryu, Jin-Mi Jeong, Jieun Jung
11:00-12:30
1
11:00-12:30
ARE WE CONTAMINATING OUR SCENES OF CRIME
SUITS? - DEVELOPMENT OF AN UNDER-SUIT FOR 21ST
CENTURY SCENE ANALYSIS
METHOD OF PHOTOGRAPHY ON NIGHT TRAFFIC
ACCIDENT SCENE
Yong Wang
Claire Gwinnett, John Cassella
Forensic Science Technology, China Criminal Police University,
Shenyang, China
Forensic and Crime Science, Staffordshire University, Stoke-onTrent, United Kingdom
P 08-34
11:00-12:30
Soo-Jung Kim1, Woo-Sic Han1, Kyung-Hwan Sung1, Jin-Yi Seo1,
Jae-Hee Kim1, Sang-Yoon Lee2, Young-Il Seo2
<BY TAKING PARTIAL FINGERPRINTS FROM FINGERS
WITH FINGERPRINTS CUTTING OFF, THE VICTIM WAS
IDENTIFIED>
<BY USING THE FINGERPRINT ON THE VICTIM’S SKIN,
THE CRIMINAL WAS ARRESTED>
Hee Sook Kim
Graduate School of Forensic Science, SoonChunHyang Univ,
Crime Scene Investigation, Seoul Metropolitan, Seoul, Korea (South)
P 08-28
11:00-12:30
A STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF PRESUMPTION OF ORIGIN
OF BLOODSTAIN ACCORDING TO TEMPERATURE AND
HUMIDITY
1
075
WFF2014
P 08-35
Auditorium Lobby (3F)
11:00-12:30
14:00-15:30
RADIO-ULNAR ASYMMETRY OF FINGERPRINT WHORL
PATTERNS
Miroslav Kralik, Lucie Cihakova, Petra Urbanova, Adela
Koprdova
POSTER PRESENTATION 10 FORENSIC GENETICS & BIOLOGY (GB)
Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Science/Masaryk
University, Brno, Czech Republic
GENETIC ANALYSIS OF 16 X-STRS LOCI IN XINJIANG
UIGHUR AND NORTHERN HAN POPULATION FROM
CHINA
P 08-37
11:00-12:30
UNUSUAL PROJECTILES: GLASS MARBLES
Yolanda Clavijo
Antioquia, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal, Medellin,
Colombia
P 10-1
Chengtao Li
Department of Forensic Genetics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of
Forensic Medicine, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Ministry of
Justice, China, Shanghai, China
P 10-3
Auditorium Lobby (3F)
14:00-15:30
POSTER PRESENTATION 09 FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY (OD)
14:00-15:30
14:00-15:30
MITOCHONDRIAL DNA HAPLOGROUPS AND
HOMOGENEITY IN THE KOREAN POPULATION
Seung Beom Hong1, Ki Cheol Kim2, Seul Gi Lee2, Kwang Hee
Lee2, Wook Kim2
DNA Analysis Division, National Forensic Service, Seoul, Korea
(South); 2Department of Biological Sciences, Dankook University,
Cheonan, Korea (South)
1
P 09-2
14:00-15:30
AGE ESTIMATION OF LIVING INDIVIDUALS IN KOREA;
CLINICAL SITUATION AND METHODS IN USE IN SEOUL
NATIONAL UNIVERSITY DENTAL HOSPITAL
Jeong-Yun Lee, Ji-Woon Park, Hee-Kyung Park, Jin-Woo
Chung, Hong-Seop Kho
Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Diagnosis, Seoul National
University School of Detistry, Seoul, Korea (South)
P 09-3
14:00-15:30
CO-EVALUATION OF TOOTH AGE AND BONE AGE
DURING DEVELOPMENT
Feryal Karaman1, Mehmet Gorgulu2, Tamer Lutfu Erdem3
Istanbul University, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Istanbul,
Turkey; 2Istanbul Aydin University, Department of General Surgery,
Istanbul, Turkey; 3Istanbul Okan University, Department of
Radiology, Istanbul, Turkey
1
P 09-4
14:00-15:30
A CASE REPORT ON MULTIDISCIPLINARY
RECONSTRUCTIVE IDENTIFICATION OF SKELETAL
REMAINS: FLUMINEDDU'S CAVE IN SARDINIAN
'SUPRAMONTE' (ITALY)
Valentina Piredda1, Pasquale Bandiera2, Elena Mazzeo1, Vilma
Pinchi3
Istanbul University, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Istanbul,
Turkey; 2Istanbul Aydin University, Department of General Surgery,
Istanbul, Turkey; 3Istanbul Okan University, Department of
Radiology, Istanbul, Turkey
1
P 10-4
14:00-15:30
PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF TWO HAPLOID MARKERS
OF 500-YEARS-OLD HUMAN REMAINS FOUND IN THE
CENTRAL REGION OF KOREA
Han Jun Jin1, Ki Cheol Kim2, In Wook Hwang1, Jeong Yong
Lee2, Wook Kim2
Department of Nanobiomedical Science, Dankook University,
Cheonan, Korea (South); 2Department of Biological Sciences,
Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea (South)
1
P 10-5
14:00-15:30
A SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF Y CHROMOSOME
INTERSTITIAL DELETIONS BETWEEN FATHER AND SON
Yuzhen Gao
Department of Forensic Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou,
China
P 10-6
14:00-15:30
COMT AND SEROTONIN TRANSPORTER GENES IN
OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDER PATIENT AND
THEIR IMPORTANCE IN FORENSIC MEDICINE
Mujgan Cengiz1, Nur Okutan2, Burcu Bayoglu1, Nese
Kocabasoglu3
Medical Biology, Istanbul University,cerrahpasa Medical Faculty,
Istanbul, Turkey; 2Basic Sciences, Istanbul University,institute
of Forensic Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey; 3Psichiatry, Istanbul
University,cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
1
P 10-7
14:00-15:30
AN INVESTIGATION OF FORENSICALLY IMPORTANT
076
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
ENTOMOFAUNA COLLECTED FROM HUMAN CADAVERS
IN SOUTH KOREA
Shin Shang Eon1, Ham Chan Sun 1, Kim Kyeong Ryeol 2, Park
Seong Hwan1
Department of Legal Medicine, Korea University College of
Medicine, Seoul, Korea (South); 2Center for Forensic Medicine,
National Forensic Service, Seoul, Korea (South)
1
P 10-8
14:00-15:30
A PILOT STUDY FOR SYSTEMATIC EVALUATION OF
SIBSHIP SEARCHING USING 15 STR LOCI IN KOREANS
Nam Soo Cho, Chohee Kim, Myung Jin Park, Hyo-Sook Kim,
Seolhee Sun, Sang-Ok Moon, Wonhae Lee, Kyung-Lyong Lee
Forensic DNA Division, National Forensic Service, Wonju, Korea
(South)
P 10-9
14:00-15:30
DNA BARCODING REVEALS MISLABELLED
COMMERCIAL FISH IN BRAZIL
Carlos Carvalho
Apgef, Departamento De Policia Federal, Brasilia, Brazil
P 10-10
14:00-15:30
INFESTATION OF CHRYSOMYA MEGACEPHALA
(FABRICIUS) AND CHRYSOMYA RUFIFACIES
(MACQUART) ON WRAPPED RABBIT CARCASSES IN
MALAYSIA
Nor Fahana Mohd Nor1, Paul Thomas Jayaprakash1, Naji Arafat
Mahat2
School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang
Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia; 2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of
Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
P 10-13
14:00-15:30
ANALYSIS FOR CHARACTERIZATION OF COMPLEX
ALLELIC VARIANTS USING TORRENT SUITE SOFTWARE
(4. 0) PLUGIN BASED NEXT GENERATION SEQUENCING
Seri Lim1, Jong Pil Youn1, Seung Yong Hwang1, Kyoungdon
Kwak2, Dongho Choi2, Myunsoo Han2, Richard Chung3
Genomics Team, Genocheck.co.ltd., Seoul, Korea (South);
Forensic DNA Division, National Forensic Service, Seoul, Korea
(South); 3, Seoul International School, Seoul, Korea (South)
1
2
P 10-14
14:00-15:30
OPTIMIZATION OF SPERMATOZOA DETECTION AND
DNA RECOVERY USING IMMUNOFLUORESCENT
STAINING AND LASER MICRODISSECTION
Yueh Shyang Ping1, Xavier Liang Shun Chan1, Sze Kae Goh1,
Christopher Kiu Choong Syn2
Biology Division, Applied Sciences Group, Health Sciences
Authority, Singapore; 2Biology Division, Applied Sciences Group,
Health Sciences Authority, Singapore, Department of Biological
Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
1
P 10-15
14:00-15:30
EVALUATION OF THE RAPIDHITTM 200 HUMAN DNA
IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM
Yong Han Phua1, Jiatian Ang1, Eileen Shuzhen Loo1, Woan Foon
Looi1, Christopher Kiu Choong Syn2
Biology Division, Applied Sciences Group, Health Sciences
Authority, Singapore; 2Biology Division, Applied Sciences Group,
Health Sciences Authority, Singapore, Department of Biological
Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
1
1
P 10-11
14:00-15:30
FORENSIC ANALYSIS OF DNA RECOVERED FROM
BLOOD MEAL STAINS OF MOSQUITOES (CULICIDAE)
Jan Li1, Richard Li2
Stuyvesant High School, New York City Department of Education,
New York, United States; 2Department of Sciences, John Jay
College of Criminal Justice, City University of New York, New
York, United States
1
P 10-12
14:00-15:30
CHARACTERIZATION OF NULL ALLELES FOR Y
CHROMOSOMAL STRS ASSOCIATED WITH AZF
MICRODELETION IN KOREANS
Myung Jin Park, Sammy Jung, Won Hae Lee, Na Yeon Kim, Jin
Myung Lee, Jong Jin Kim, Nam Soo Cho, Ki Won Park
Forensic DNA Analysis Division, Forensic DNA Analysis Division,
Wonju, Korea (South)
P 10-16
14:00-15:30
FORENSIC EVALUATION OF NGS TECHNOLOGY ON
INDIVIDUAL IDENTIFICATION FROM ARTIFICIALLY
MIXED DNA SAMPLES
Kyung Chan Park1, Han Koo1, Se-Yong Kim2, Han Chul Lee2,
Kwang Man Woo2, Seung Hwan Lee2
Biomedical Genomic Research Cencer, Kribb, Daejeon, Korea
(South); 2DNA Forensic Division, Supreme Prosecutor’s Office,
Seoul, Korea (South)
1
P 10-17
14:00-15:30
A VALIDATION STUDY TO APPLY OF POWERPLEX® Y23
KIT IN DNA PROFILING OF SEXUAL ASSAULT SAMPLES
Haeyong Lee, In Kwan Hwang, Min-Sun Park, Kyu-Sik Jeong,
Sun-Hee Park, Dong-Ho Choi, Pil-Won Kang
Division of DNA Analysis, National Forensic Service, Seoul, Korea
(South)
P 10-18
14:00-15:30
EASYPUNCH™ AUTOMATED PUNCHING OF SAMPLES
COLLECTED ON WHATMAN™ FTA™ CARDS
077
WFF2014
Alan Pierce1, Pete Tatnell1, Julie French2, Stefan Mauch3, Reto
Menzi3, Nando Giovanoli3, Laurent Baron3
GE Healthcare, Amersham Place, Little Chalfont,
Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom; 2GE Healthcare, 800
Centennial Ave, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States;
3
Hamilton Bonaduz AG, Via Crusch 8, CH-7402 Bonaduz,
Switzerland
Department of Legal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea
University, Seoul 136-705, Korea (South)
1
P 10-19
14:00-15:30
DETECTION OF IRRELEVANT MALE DNA PROFILE
IN SEXUAL ASSAULT EVIDENCE COLLECTION KIT;
ALLEGED FAMILIAL CONTAMINATION
Jung-Yoon Lee1, Eun-Jung Lee1, Gang-Nam Jin1, Man-Il Kim1,
Dong-Sub Lee2
Crime-Scene DNA Section, Gwangju Institute, National Forensic
Service, Gwangju, Korea (South); 2Crime-Scene DNA Division,
Seoul Institute, National Forensic Service, Seoul, Korea (South)
1
P 10-20
14:00-15:30
VALIDATION AND POPULATION GENETIC STUDY USING
POWER PLEX® FUSION SYSTEM AND GLOBAL FILERTM
Jihye Park, Younhyoung Nam, Hyunchul Park, Jinmyung Lee,
Hyehyeon Lee, Hansol Kwon, Si-Keun Lim
Forensic DNA Division, National Forensic Service, Won Ju, Korea
(South)
P 10-26
ESTIMATION OF POSTMORTEM INTERVAL USING
DIFFERENTIAL DEGRADATION RATES AMONG
SUBDOMAINS OF 28S RIBOSOMAL RNA
Yunmi Kim, Ji Yeon Kim, Kil Myeong Lee, Juck-Joon Hwang,
Seong Hwan Park, Gi Hoon Son
Department of Legal Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea (South)
P 10-28
14:00-15:30
IDENTIFICATION OF BODY FLUID-SPECIFIC DNA
METHYLATION MARKERS FOR USE IN FORENSIC
SCIENCE
Jong-Lyul Park1, Oh-Hyung Kwon1, Jong Hwan Kim1, HyangSook Yoo1, Han-Cheol Lee3, Kwang-Man Woo3, Seon-Young
Kim1, Seung-Hwan Lee3, Yong Sung Kim1
Medical Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute
of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea (South);
2
Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science
of Technology, Daejeon, Korea (South); 3DNA Forensic Division,
Supreme Prosecutor’s Office, Seoul, Korea (South)
1
P 10-22
14:00-15:30
ULTRA-FAST PCR OF SELECTED MRNA MARKERS FOR
FORENSIC BODY FLUID IDENTIFICATION
Seon-Young Kim, Jeong-Hwan Kim, Seung-Hwan Lee, Han
Chul Lee, Kwang Man Woo, Yong Sung Kim
Medical Genomics Research Center, Kribb, Daejeon, Korea (South)
P 10-25
14:00-15:30
IMPLICATION FOR FORENSIC DIAGNOSIS OF SUDDEN
CARDIAC DEATH BY POSTMORTEM MESSENGER RNA
EXPRESSION PROFILES ON HUMAN MYOCARDIAL
AUTOPSY MATERIALS
Ji Yeon Kim, Yunmi Kim, Jin Wook Kim, Hyo Kyeong Cha, JuckJoon Hwang, Seong Hwan Park, Gi Hoon Son
078
14:00-15:30
Y CHROMOSOMAL DELETION PATTERN IN KOREAN
INHABITING JEJU ISLAND
Jihyun Lee1, Hong Xuan Jin1, Sohee Cho1, Vasant Shinde2,
Dong Hoon Shin3, Kyoung-Jin Shin5, Soong Deok Lee4
Department of Forensic Medicine, College of Medicine,
Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea (South); 2Department
of Archaeology, Deccan College, Pune, India; 3Department of
Anatomy, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul,
Korea (South); 4Institute of Forensic Medicine, Seoul National
University, Seoul, Korea (South); 5Department of Forensic
Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
(South)
1
P 10-29
P 10-21
14:00-15:30
14:00-15:30
UGT2B17 DELETION TYPING WITH URINARY DNA TO
DETERMINE TESTOSTERONE ABUSE
Kimiko Aoki1, 2, Hirofumi Shinohara1, Hiroyuki Tanaka1, Makoto
Ueki1
Anti-doping Research Laboratory, Japan Chemical Analysis
Center, Tokyo, Japan; 2, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Saitama,
Japan
1
Auditorium Lobby (3F)
14:00-15:30
POSTER PRESENTATION 11 MASS DISASTER (MD)
P 11-1
14:00-15:30
COMPARING DIFFERENT POST MORTEM HUMAN
SAMPLES AS DNA SOURCES FOR DOWNSTREAM
GENOTYPING AND IDENTIFICATION IN THE
PHILIPPINES
Gayvelline Calacal1, 2, Dame Loveliness Apaga2, Miriam
Ruth Dalet1, 2, Maria Lourdes Honrado1, Joseph Andrew
Jimenez3, Pio Renato Villacorta4, Maria Cecilia Lim5, Raquel
Fortun5, Francisco Datar6, Maria Corazon De Ungria1, 2,Jazelyn
Salvador1, 2, Paul Ryan Sales1
DNA Analysis Laboratory, Natural Sciences Research Institute,
University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines;
2
Program on Forensics and Ethnicity, Philippine Genome Center,
1
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
National Science Complex, University of the Philippines, Diliman,
Quezon City, Philippines; 3Forensic Center, Commission on Human
Rights, Central Office, Philippines; 4Department of Anatomy,
College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila,
Philippines; 5Department of Pathology, College of Medicine,
University of the Philippines Manila, Philippines; 6Department
of Anthropology, College of Social Science and Philosophy,
University of the Philippines Diliman Quezon City, Philippines
P 11-2
14:00-15:30
BUILDING DVI TEAMS IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC
Tomas Doubek, Petr Svarc, Petr Bendl
Dvi Team, Institution of Criminalistics Prague, Prague, Czech
Republic
Muramatsu3
Forensic Science Laboratory, Ibaraki Prefectural Police
Headqurters, Mito, Japan; 2Legal Medicine, University of Tsukuba,
Tsukuba, Japan; 3Tubes R&D Division, Komyo Rikagaku Kogyo Kk,
Kawasaki, Japan
1
P 12-6
Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College of
Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
P 12-7
Auditorium Lobby (3F)
16:00-17:30
POSTER PRESENTATION 12 - TOXICOLOGY (TX)
P 12-1
16:00-17:30
THE INTERACTION OF D3 RECEPTOR AND THE
EXPRESSION OF CYTOSKELETAL PROTEIN β-ACTIN IN
THE MORPHINE EXPOSED MICE
Zhe Zhang
Toxicology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Public Health for Forensic
Science, College of Forensic Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University,
Xi'an, China
P 12-2
16:00-17:30
TOXICOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSES OF
AN AUTOPSY CASE INVOLVING AN ORAL ABUSE OF
MULTIPLE ANTIDIABETIC AND ANTIHYPERTENSIVE
DRUGS
Mariko Tominaga1, Takaki Ishikawa2, Tomomi Michiue1,
Masashi Takama3, Hitoshi Maeda1
Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical
School ( Ocums-Lm ) and Mlcpi-Sc, Osaka, Japan; 2Division of
Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University / OcumsLm, Yonago / Osaka, Japan; 3Analysis and Evaluation Group,
Foundation for Promotion of Material Science and Technology of
Japan / Ocums-Lm, Tokyo / Osaka, Japan
1
P 12-3
16:00-17:30
IN VITRO REACTION OF FORMALDEHYDE WITH DRUGS
AND POISONS: IDENTIFICATION OF THE CONVERSION
PRODUCTS
Tanasiri Yokchue, Robert Anderson
Forensic Medicine & Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow,
United Kingdom
P 12-5
16:00-17:30
A PRIMARY STUDY ON THE SYNERGISTIC EFFECT OF
DIAZEPAM AND ETHANOL: CHANGES IN MEDIAN
LETHAL DOSE AND METABOLISM OF DIAZEPAM
Rongshuai Wang, Liang Liu, Qian Liu
16:00-17:30
SIMULTANEOUS ANALYSIS OF ANALGESICS IN
URINE USING IONIC LIQUID BASED LIQUID-LIQUID
EXTRACTION COUPLED WITH HIGH-PERFORMANCE
LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY
Xueguo Chen, Ting Zhang
Forensic Chemistry, National Police University of China, Shenyang,
China
P 12-8
16:00-17:30
DETECTION OF CAFFEINE AND ITS MAIN
METABOLITE IN FINGERPRINT DEPOSITS BY LIQUID
CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY
Ting Zhang1, Xueguo Chen1, Ruiqin Yang2, Yingjian Xu1
Department of Forensic Chemistry, National Police University of
China, Shenyang, China; 2College of Forensic Science, People’s
Public Security University of China, Beijing, China
1
P 12-9
16:00-17:30
DETERMINATION OF OLEANDRIN IN BIOLOGICAL
SPECIMENS AND OLEANDER LEAVES USING LIQUID
CHROMATOGRAPHY-TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY:
A FATAL CASE REPORT
Wei Liu, Jinxiao Zhai, Min Shen
Department of Forensic Chemistry, Institute of Forensic Science,
Ministry of Justice, Pr China, Shanghai, China
P 12-10
16:00-17:30
ANALYSIS OF CARBAMATES USING NEEDLEX®/GC
Yasuhito Suzuki1, Fujio Ishizawa2, Tetsuya Ishiwata2, Katsuya
Honda1, Kouji Fujimura3
Field of Legal Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba,
Japan; 2Forensic Science Laboratory, Ibaraki Prefectural Police
Headquarters, Mito, Japan; 3R&D Group, Sinwa Chemical
Industries Ltd., Kyoto, Japan
1
16:00-17:30
SCREENING KITS OF POISONS AVAILABLE AT THE
SCENE OF AUTOPSY OR MEDICAL TREATMENT
Fujio Ishizawa1, Tetsuya Ishiwata1, Katsuya Honda2, Teruo
P 12-12
16:00-17:30
CHARACTERISTICS OF SUICIDES CAUSED BY DRUG
OVERDOSE IN THE STATE OF MARYLAND, USA
079
WFF2014
Xinbiao Liao1, Xiang Zhang2, Daming Sun3, Guozhong Zhang4,
Kerming Yun5, Tiantong Yang6, Rebecca Phipps2, David Fowler2,
Ling Li2, 7
Forensic Science Certer, Guangdong Provincial Pubic Security
Department, Guangzhou, China; 2Forensic Toxicology, Office of
the Chief Medical Examiner, Baltimore, United States; 3Foresnic
Science Center, East China University of Political Science and Law,
Shanghai, China; 4Foresnic Pathology, Hebei Medical University,
Shijiazhuang, China; 5Foresnic Toxicology, Shanxi Medical
University, Taiyuan, China; 6Key Laboratory of Evidence Science,
China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing, China;
7
Department of Forensic Pathology, DIAN Forensic Science Center,
Hangzhou, China
1
P 12-13
16:00-17:30
COMPARATIVE STUDY ON QUANTITATIVE
ANALYSIS OF CARBON MONOXIDE IN
BLOOD BY SPECTROPHOTOMETRY AND GAS
CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY
P 12-17
16:00-17:30
EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL ON SPEECH AND LANGUAGE
FUNCTIONS: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY
Ali Rıza Tumer1
Faculty of Letters Department of Western Languages and
Literacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey; 2Department of Forensic
Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey; 3Department
of Forensic Medicine, Hacettepe Universty, Ankara, Turkey;
4
Department of Forensic Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara,
Turkey; 5Department of Forensic Medicine, Hacettepe Universty,
Ankara, Turkey
1
P 12-18
16:00-17:30
ACCREDITATION OF FORENSIC LABORATORIES AS
PART OF THE,EUROPEAN FORENSIC SCIENCE 2020"
CONCEPT
Gabor Kovacs
Department for Criminal Sciences, Szechenyi Istvan University,
Gyor, Hungary
Zhang Ting, Xueguo Chen
Forensic Chemistry, National Police University of China, Shenyang,
China
P 12-14
16:00-17:30
USING UPLC -MS/MS FOR WORKPLACE DRUG
TESTING IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
®
Rob Lee1, Simone Donzelli2, Giulia Riccardino3, Luca Salvaderi3,
Michela De Francheschi4, Michelle Wood1
Health Sciences Diagnostics, Waters Corporation, Wilmslow,
United Kingdom; 2Clinical Specialist, Waters, Milan, Italy; 3Cedam
Italia, Cedam Italia, Bresso, Italy; 4Bianalisi Analisi Mediche,
Bianalisi Analisi Mediche, Carate Brianza, Italy
1
P 12-15
16:00-17:30
RAPID DETERMINATION OF BENZODIAZEPINES,
ZOLPIDEM AND THEIR METABOLITES IN URINE USING
DIRECT INJECTION LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHYTANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY
Yu-Dong Jeong1, Min Kyeong Kim2, Hee Seung Kim2, Sung Ill
Suh2, Jae Ill Lee2, Jae Chul Jeong2, Moon Kyo In2, Junghan
Song3, Jin Young Kim2, Ki-Jung Paeng1
Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
(South); 2Forensic Science Division, Supreme Prosecutors Office,
Seoul, Korea (South); 3Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul
National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang, Korea (South)
1
P 12-16
16:00-17:30
REPEATABILITY AND LINEARITY OF DERIVATIZES
AMINES VIA DIRECT DERIVATIZATION ON TLC PLATES
Kim Younsu, Ha Yeong Seon, Choi Sung Woon
Department of Scientific Criminal Investigation, Cnu, Daejeon,
Korea (South)
080
P 12-19
16:00-17:30
STUDY ON THE PROCESS EFFICIENCY OF METHOMYL,
ENDOSULFAN, GLYPHOSATE, GLUFOSINATE FROM
LIQUID EVIDENCES
Eunyoung Han1, Heejin Yang 2, Ilung Seol 2, Dong Woo Kim 2,
Sangeun Lee 1
College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women’s University, Seoul, Korea
(South); 2Drug & Toxicology Section, National Forensic Service,
Jeollanam-Do, Korea (South)
1
P 12-20
16:00-17:30
A FORENSIC AUTOPSY CASE OF SEROTONIN
SYNDROME FROM INTOXICATION WITH MULTIPLE
SELECTIVE SEROTONIN-REUPTAKE INHIBITORS
Mio Takayama, Brian Waters, Kenji Hara, Aya Matsusue,
Masayuki Kashiwagi, Shin-Ichi Kubo
Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka
University, Fukuoka City, Japan
P 12-21
16:00-17:30
SIMPLE ANALYSIS OF TIMOLOL BY LIQUID
CHROMATOGRAPHY-TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY:
APPLICATION TO A FORENSIC PRACTICE
Migiwa Asano1, Naoki Yoshioka2, Azumi Kuse3, Mai
Morichika3, Emi Taniguchi1, Motonori Takahashi3, Takeshi
Kondo3, Kanako Nakagawa3, Makoto Sakurada4, Yasuhiro
Ueno3
Department of Legal Medicine, Ehime University Graduate
School of Medicine, Toon, Japan; 2Public Health Science Research
Center, Hyogo Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Consumer
Sciences, Kobe, Japan; 3Division of Legal Medicine, Department
of Community Medicine and Social Health Science, Kobe
University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan; 4Forensic
1
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
Science Laboratory, Hyogo Prefectural Police Headquarters, Kobe,
Japan
P 12-27
16:00-17:30
METABOLISM STUDIES OF ANABOLIC STEROIDS BY
CUNNINGHAMELLA ELEGANS
EXPLORATION OF POTENTIAL BIOMARKERS BASED
ON NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE AND THE
PSYCHOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR OF ALCOHOLDEPENDENCE
Linchuan Liao, Youyi Yan, Hui Xiong, Yi Ye, Min Xiao, Run Guo
Unnikrishnan Kuzhiumparambil1, David Anderson2, Jane
Cameron3, Shanlin Fu1
Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, Sichuan University,
Chengdu, China
P 12-22
16:00-17:30
Centre for Forensic Science, University of Technology, Sydney,
Australia; 2Department of Forensic Medicine, University of
Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; 3Cell Biology Facilty,
University of Technology, Sydney, Australia
1
P 12-23
16:00-17:30
BLOOD CONCENTRATIONS OF AMLODIPINE,
EPROSARTAN, ETIZOLAM, TRAZODONE AND
CLOPIDOGREL IN A FATAL CASE AFTER THE OVERDOSE
INGESTION OF THE PRESCRIPTION DRUGS FOR THE
TREATMENT OF HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE BY LC-MS-MS
Jongsook Rhee, Sunhye Park, Yuran Park, Gundong You,
Yonghoon Park
Drug & Forensic Toxicolgoy Division, Natioal Forensic Service,
Wonju-si, Gangwon-do, Korea (South)
P 12-24
16:00-17:30
UPLC-QTOF-MS METHOD EVALUATION ON DRUGS IN
HUMAN BLOODS OF FIRE DEATH CASE
Sunhye Park, Jongsook Rhee, Sanghee Woo, Yuran Park,
Yonghoon Park
Drug & Forensic Toxicology Division, National Forensic Service,
Gangwon-do, Korea (South)
P 12-25
16:00-17:30
EFFECT OF ETHANOL ON POSTMORTEM
REDISTRIBUTION OF MDMA IN ACUTE ALCOHOLMDMA COMBINED-USE RATS
Man Liang1, Na Zheng2, Yan Liu1, Liang Liu1
Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College,
Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China;
2
Department of pathophysiology, Shenzhen University School of
Medicine, Guangdong, China
1
P 12-26
16:00-17:30
HEPATOTOXICITY OF ILLEGAL HOME-MADE ALCOHOLS
Hasan Gökce1, Adnan Celikel2, Ramazan Akcan3, Cem Zeren2,
Ibrahim Ortanca2, Sumeyra Demirkiran2
Department of Pathology, 1. Mustafa Kemal University Medical
Faculty, Hatay, Turkey; 2Department of Forensic Medicine,
Mustafa Kemal University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey;
3
Department of Forensic Medicine, Hacettepe University Medical
Faculty, Ankara, Turkey
1
P 12-28
16:00-17:30
CASA® SUPPLEMENTAL AGENT INTOXICATION (CASE
REPORT)
Hee Jin Yang, Dong Woo Kin, Il Ung Seol
Toxicology, National Forensic Service, Gwang-ju, Korea (South)
P 12-29
16:00-17:30
COMPREHENSIVE DRUG SCREENING OF SUSPECTED
GHB/GBL OVERDOSE CASES
Michelle Wood1, Nayan Mistry1, Paul I Dargan2, David M
Wood2, Christophe Stove3, Nele Sadones3, Robert Lee1, John R
H Archer2
Health Sciences, Waters, Wilmslow, United Kingdom; 2Guys and
St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Clinical Toxicology, London,
United Kingdom; 3University of Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent,
Belgium
1
P 12-30
16:00-17:30
SUDDEN UNEXPECTED DEATH DUE TO OXYGEN
DEFICIENCY AND CARBON DIOXIDE POISONING BY
DECOMPOSITION GASES IN OPENED OCCUPATIONAL
AREAS
Nam Yee Kim1, Joung Shin Park2, Yuna Kim1, Bong Woo Lee3,
Ho Lee4
Seoul Institute, National Forensic Service, Seoul, Korea (South);
Gwangju Institute, National Forensic Service, Gwangju, Korea
(South); 3Medical Center, National Forensic Service, Wonju, Korea
(South); 4Medical School, Chonbuk National University, Chonbuk,
Korea (South)
1
2
P 12-31
16:00-17:30
METHOD VALIDATION OF MALE SEX HORMONE
IN URINE FOR CHEMICAL CASTRATION AND
COMPARISON ON HORMON LEVEL IN NORMAL GROUP
Sujin Jeong1, Hyesun Yum1, Sungmin Moon1, Minji Kang1,
Jungjoon Kim1, Kkonnip Son1, Juseon Lee 1, Sangki Lee 2,
Seungkyung Baeck1
Narcotics, Forensic Toxicology and Chemistry Div., National
Forensic Service, Seoul, Korea (South); 2Drug & Toxicology Lab.,
National Forensic Service, Daegu, Korea (South)
1
P 12-32
16:00-17:30
SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF ACONITUM
ALKALOIDS IN A FATAL INTOXICATION CASE BY LC081
WFF2014
MS/MS
Sujin Jeong, Hyesun Yum, Sungmin Moon, Minji Kang,
Jungjoon Kim, Kkonnip Son, Juseon Lee, Seungkyung Baeck
WEST INDIA
Senthil Kumar1, Yogender Bansal1, Dalbir Singh1, Bikash
Medhi2
Narcotics, Forensic Toxicology and Chemistry Div., National
Forensic Service, Seoul, Korea (South)
1
P 12-33
16:00-17:30
DISTRIBUTION OF ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES
AND PCBS IN UMBILICAL CORD AND MATERNAL
BLOOD; DATA FROM CUKUROVA, TURKEY
Nebile Daglioglu1, Pinar Efeoglu1, Mete K. Gulmen1, Aynur
Ahmedova2, Fatma Tuncay Ozgunen2
Forensic Toxicology, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey;
Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
1
2
P 12-34
16:00-17:30
CARBONMONOXIDE POISONING IN DIVERS: A CASE
REPORT
Pinar Efeoglu1, Nebile Daglioglu1, Necmi Cekin1, Atilhan Kaya2,
Tamer Eren2
Forensic Toxicology, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey;
Forensic Medicine, Branch of Adana Forensic Medicine, Adana,
Turkey
1
2
Dept of Forensic medicine, Postgraduate Institute of medical
education and research, Chandigarh, India; 2Dept of clinical
pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of medical education and
research, Chandigarh, India
P 12-39
16:00-17:30
TOXICOLOGY FINDINGS IN CASES OF HANGING IN THE
CITY AND COUNTY OF SAN FRANCISCO OVER A 3-YEAR
PERIOD
Nikolas Lemos1, Ellen G. Moffatt2, Amy P. Hart2
Forensic Laboratory DIvision, Office of Chief Medical Examiner,
San Francisco, United States; 2Medical Division, Office of Chief
Medical Examiner, San Francisco, United States
1
Auditorium Lobby (3F)
16:00-17:30
POSTER PRESENTATION 13 TRACE EVIDENCE / FORENSIC CHEMISTRY (TEC)
P 13-3
16:00-17:30
DETECTABILITY AND FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR
SIMULTANEOUS AND FAST SCREENING OF TARGET
DRUGS IN POSTMORTEM BLOOD
Seungkyung Baeck, Juseon Lee, Sujin Jeong, Hyesun Yeom,
Sungmin Moon, Minji Kang, Jungjoon Kim
QUANTITATIVE LEAD DETERMINATION IN COATING
PAINT ON CHILD OUTWEAR BY LA-ICP-MS: A
PRACTICAL CALIBRATION STRATEGY FOR SOLID
SAMPLES
Sevinc Zeynep Ellez, Selda Mercan, Zeynep Turkmen, Murat
Yayla, Salih Cengiz
Narcotics, forensic toxicology & chemistry division, Seoul
Institute, National Forensic Servce, Seoul, Korea (South)
Forensic Toxicology, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Istanbul
University, Istanbul, Turkey
P 12-36
P 13-4
P 12-35
16:00-17:30
16:00-17:30
SIMULTANEOUS ANALYSIS OF MULTI PESTICIDES
IN BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS USING LC-TANDEM MASS
SPECTROMETRY; QUADRUPOLE /TIME OF FLIGHT AND
TRIPLE QUADRUPOLE MASS SPECTROMETRY
Hyung Seung Kim1, Jung Hyun Kim2
Scientific InvestigationLaboratory, MND Crime Investigation
Command, Seoul, Korea (South); 2College of pharmacy, Chung Ang
University, Seoul, Korea (South)
1
P 12-37
16:00-17:30
ENVIRONMENTAL HEATH CATASTROPHE IN ARSENIC
AFFECTED ENDEMIC AREA OF BALLIA DISTRICT INDIA
Neha Chaurasia, S.k Pandey
forensic medicine, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
P 12-38
16:00-17:30
ALCOHOL AND PSYCHOACTIVE DRUG CONSUMPTION
AMONG INJURED DRIVERS: AN EMERGENCY ROOM
STUDY IN A TERTIARY TRAUMA CENTRE OF NORTH082
16:00-17:30
ANALYSIS OF CONDOMS BY GC/MS WITH A
TEMPERATURE-PROGRAMMABLE PYROLYZER
Seh Youn Park1
Forensic Chemistry, National Forensic Service, Seoul, Korea
(South); 2Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul,
Korea (South)
1
P 13-6
16:00-17:30
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF NMR, GC-MS AND XRF FOR
DETECTION OF ILLEGAL PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
Mia Kwon, Kwang-Ho Jin, Woo-Yong Park, Suncheun Kim
Physics and Chemistry, National Forensic Service, Daejeon, Korea
(South)
P 13-7
16:00-17:30
THE STUDY ON THE ANALYSIS OF IGNITABLE LIQUIDS
IN THE CLOTHING OF SUSPECTED ARSON
Park Jongshin1, Kim Jaekyun1, Park Yoonshin1, Nam
Geummun2, Min Jisook2
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
Forensic Chemistry, Gwangju Instutite, National Forensic
Science, Jeollanam-Do, Korea (South); 2Division of Chemical
Analysis, National Forence Science, Wonju, Korea (South)
1
P 13-8
16:00-17:30
INFLUENCE OF PRINTING AND NINHYDRIN TEST ON
CONVENTIONAL PAPER EXAMINATION
Hiromi Itamiya, Ritsuko Sugita
Third Department of Forensic Science, National Research Institute
of Police Science, Chiba, Japan
P 13-9
16:00-17:30
EXTENT AND PERSISTENCE OF SECONDARY GUNSHOT
RESIDUE CONTAMINATION FROM POLICE OFFICERS
AND NATIONAL SERVICEMEN IN SINGAPORE: AN
EMPIRICAL STUDY
Khee Nguen Low, Yuling Ding, Alaric Chin Wai Koh, Yihua Li,
Thiam Bon Lim
Forensic Chemistry and Physics Laboratory, Health Sciences
Authority, Singapore
P 13-11
16:00-17:30
FORENSIC ANALYSIS OF PRINTING INKS USING
TANDEM LIBS AND LA-ICP-MS
Kiran Subedi, Tatiana Trejos, Jose Almirall
Chemistry, FIU, Miami, United States
P 13-12
16:00-17:30
STUDY OF GUN-SHOT RESIDUE BY XRF TECHNIQUE IN
MONGOLIA
Ts. Gantulga1, Tuvshin-Erdene Khaltar1, D. Bolortuya2
National Institute of Forensic Scientic, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia;
Nuclear Research Center, National University of Mongolia,
Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
1
2
P 13-13
16:00-17:30
ON THE CASE OF THE FIRE VICTIMS BY GC AND GC/MS
WITH K4FE(CN)6 AND PFBBR
Joon Bae Lee1, O Seong Kwon1, Jae Hoon You1, Jin Hoon Lee1,
Shungkun Shon1, Ki Jung Paeng2
Department of Chemistry, National Forensic Service-Daegu,
Chilgok, Gyungbuk, Korea (South); 2Department of Chemistry,
Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon, Korea (South)
1
P 13-14
16:00-17:30
AN INDICATOR IN TIRE RUBBER FOR INVESTIGATING
ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENT THROUGH DERIVATIZATION
WITH TFAA FOLLOWED BY GC/MS ANALYSIS
Joon Bae Lee1, O Seong Kwon1, Jae Hoon You1, Shungkun
Shon1, Jin Hoon Lee1, Ki Jung Paeng2
Department of Chemistry, National Forensic Service-Daegu,
Chilgok, Gyungbuk, Korea (South); 2Department of Chemistry,
Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon, Korea (South)
1
P 13-15
16:00-17:30
THE STATISTICAL ANALYSIS IN BLUE BALLPOINT PEN
INKS ON PAPERS
Jin Hee Lee1, Yu Rim Jang1, Sang Chul Hoe1, Kiwook Kim1,
Geammun Nam1, Ji-Sook Min1
Chemical Analysis Division, National Forensic Service, Wonju,
Korea (South); 2Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University,
Wonju, Korea (South); 3Department of Chemistry and Nano
Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea (South)
1
P 13-16
16:00-17:30
THE DISCRIMINATION OF GINSENG CULTIVATING
REGION USING LIGHT STABLE ISOTOPE ANALYSIS
Joo-Hyun Song1, Jin Hee Lee1, 3, Sang Chul Heo1, Kiwook Kim1,
Guemmun Nam1, Myung Duck Kim1, Young Woon Kim1, WooYong Park2, Gwang-Ho Jin2, Mi-A Kwon2, Jisook Min1
Chemical Analysis Division, National Forensic Service, Wonju,
Korea (South); 2Physical and Chemical Analysis Division, National
Forensic Service(Daejeon institute, Dajeon, Korea (South);
3
Department of Chemistry, YonSei University, Wonju, Korea
(South)
1
P 13-17
16:00-17:30
EDXRF ANALYSIS OF AUTOMOTIVE PAINTS IN
MONGOLIA
Tuvshin-Erdene Khaltar
Department of Scientific Analyses, National Institute of Forensic
Science, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
P 13-18
16:00-17:30
ELEMENTAL FINGERPRINTING OF TIRES USING X-RAY
FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY (XRF)
Dae-Jun Ahn1, Sang-Cheol Heo1, Ki-Wook Kim1, Geum-Mun
Nam1, Myung-Duck Kim1, Ha-Sun Park1, Mi-A Kwon1, KwangHo Jin1, Woo-Yong Park1, Ji-Sook Min1
Division of Chemical Analysis, National Forensic Service, WonJu,
Korea (South); 2Division of Traffic Accident Analysis, National
Forensic Service, WonJu, Korea (South); 3Daejeon Institute,
National Forensic Service, Dae jeon, Korea (South)
1
P 13-19
16:00-17:30
THE CASES OF FORENSIC HUMAN IDENTIFICATION
USING HAIR ANALYSIS
Jisook Min, Kiwook Kim, Sangcheol Heo, Yurim Jang
Division of Chemical Analysis, National Forensic Service, Wonju,
Korea (South)
P 13-20
16:00-17:30
ADVANCES IN ON-SITE FORENSIC ANALYSIS THOUGH
RUGGEDIZED AND MOBILE GC/MS
Rosalind Chia, Philip Tackett
Detection, FLIR Systems, Singapore
083
WFF2014
October 17 (Friday)
Akira Ishii
Nagoya University, Japan
IAFS Special Session
Grand Ballroom 103 (1F)
09:00-10:30
SPECIAL SESSION 16 TOXICOLOGY / ILLICIT DRUGS (TI)
Grand Ballroom 104 (1F)
11:00-12:30
SPECIAL SESSION 18 - DIGITAL AND
MULTIMEDIA SCIENCE / CYBER FORENSIC /
QUESTIONED DOCUMENT (DMS/CF/QD)
CHAIRPERSONS
Daniel Isenshmid (USA), Meejung Park (Korea)
CHAIRPERSONS
Claude Roux (Australia), Heejo Lee (Korea)
SS16-1
09:00-09:30
MASS SPECTROMETRY VS DESIGNER SYNTHETIC
CANNABINOIDS
Marilyn Huestis
National Institute of Drug Abuse, USA
SS16-2
09:30-10:00
DRIVING UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF DRUGS
Gent University, Belgium
10:00-10:30
THE CHALLENGE OF NEW PSYCHOACTIVE
SUBSTANCES
Korea University, Korea
11:30-12:00
APPLICATION OF THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL
DIGITAL SHAPE IMAGES ON THE FIELD OF FORENSIC
ANTHROPOLOGY
Kazuhiko Imaizumi
National Research Institute of Police Science, Japan
Justice Tettey
SS18-3
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Austria
Grand Ballroom 103 (1F)
11:00-11:30
INTEGRITY VERIFICATION OF VIDEO CONTENTS IN
A SURVEILLANCE CAMERA FOR DIGITAL FORENSIC
INVESTIGATION
Heejo Lee
SS18-2
Alain Verstraete
SS16-3
SS18-1
11:00-12:30
SPECIAL SESSION 17 TOXICOLOGY / ILLICIT DRUGS (TI)
12:00-12:30
THE FUTURE OF FORENSIC DOCUMENT EXAMINATION
– “SAME OLD SAME OLD” OR “THE END OF THE WORLD
AS WE KNOW IT”?
Claude Roux
University of Technology, Australia
CHAIRPERSONS
Osamu Suzuki (Japan), Jaesin Lee (Korea)
SS17-1
11:00-11:30
ILLICTT DRUG USE IN AUSTRALIA: PREVALENCE AND
CONSEQUENCES
Olaf Drummer
Forensic Science in Korea
This session is in Korean. Korean-English inerpretation will be
provided.
Auditorium (3F)
Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine and Monash University,
Australia
MODERATOR
SS17-2
FSK-1
11:30-12:00
CASES OF DEATH RELATED TO MULTIPLE DRUG USE
Daniel Isenshmid
NMS LABS, USA
12:00-12:30
APPLICATION OF LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHYQUADRUPOLE-TIME-OF-FLIGHT-MASS
SPECTROMETRY (LC-Q-TOFMS) TO FORENSIC
TOXICOLOGY
084
Joo Hong Gho (Korea)
09:00-09:30
BLOODSTAIN PATTERN ANALYSIS IN KOREA: HISTORY,
RESEARCHES AND CASE ANALYSES
Young-Il Seo
National Forensic Service, Korea
October 17 (Friday)
SS17-3
09:00-17:30
FSK-2
09:30-10:00
THE PROPOSAL OF THE METHOD TO PROVE CRIME
EVIDENCES IN WATER
Il Pyeong Kim
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
Sang-jun Lee
National Forensic Service, Korea
FSK-3
10:00-10:30
THE STATISTICAL ANALYSIS ON LEGAL AUTOPSY
PERFORMED IN KOREA
Byung Ha Choi
National Forensic Service, Korea
Korean Institute of Fire Investigation, Korea
FSK-11
15:00-15:30
FORENSIC GENETIC ANALYSES OF MITOCHONDRIAL
DNA HAPLOGROUPS AND CONTROL REGION
VARIATION IN THE KOREAN POPULATION
Seung Beom Hong
FSK-4
11:00-11:30
DIGITAL FORENSIC INVESTIGATION NETWORK IN
KOREA
Insoo Lee
National Forensic Service, Korea
FSK-5
11:30-12:00
National Forensic Service, Korea
12:00-12:15
A STUDY ON THE DETERMINATION OF FIRE ORIGIN BY
SHADOW ANALYSIS
Seunghun Lee1, Sung-Chul Shin1, Sang-Jun Lee1, Jae-Hun
Han1, Youngsun Ryu1, Jaeseok Lee1, Donmook Choi1
Div. Crime Scene Investigation, Seoul Metropolitan Police
Agency, Seoul, Korea (South); 2Fire and Disaster Protection
Engineering, Gachon Univeristy, Sungnam, Korea (South)
1
12:15-12:30
STUDY OF DISCRIMINATING THE SEQUENCE OF SEAL
IMPRESSION AND PRINTED TEXT IN THE DOCUMENTS
Ka Young Lee
Digital Technology & Biometry Division, National Forensic Service,
Wonju, Korea (South)
FSK-8
16:00-16:30
PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION THROUGH STYLISTIC
ANALYSIS
Central Documents Authenticatin Center; 2Yale Document
Identification Center
1
FSK-13
Yunsik Jang
FSK-7
FSK-12
Joo Hong Gho1, Hanseo Seo2
CYBER SECURITY AND DIGITAL FORENSICS:
THOUGHTS ON THEIR RELATIONSHIP
FSK-6
National Forensic Service, Korea
16:30-16:50
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A METHOD FOR
THE DETERMINATION OF NICOTINE IN POSTMORTEM
BLOOD USING LC-MS/MS AND A CASE REPORT, DEATH
OF NICOTINE POISONING
Hyesun Yum
National Forensic Service, Korea
FSK-14
16:50-17:10
COMPARISON OF FOUR DIFFERENT SPE SORBENT
TYPES APPLIED FOR FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY
Jiyeong Jo
National Forensic Service, Korea
FSK-15
17:10-17:30
THE PYROLYSIS PRODUCTS AND ANALYSIS OF
IGNITABLE LIQUIDS
Geummun Nam
National Forensic Service, Korea
14:00-14:20
ASSESSMENT OF OCCUPANT & PEDESTRIAN INJURY
Jihun Choi
IAFS Oral Presentation
National Forensic Service, Korea
203 (2F)
FSK-9
14:20-14:40
THE STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF THE BUILDING
COLLAPSE USING MIDAS PROGRAM
Chan-Seong Park
09:00-10:30
ORAL PRESENTATION 35 FORENSIC PATHOLOGY (PT) : REGIONAL ISSUE I
CHAIRPERSONS
Kyungmoo Yang (Korea), Christopher Milroy (Canada)
National Forensic Service, Korea
O 35-1
FSK-10
14:40-15:00
THE STUDY ABOUT THERMAL DEFORMATION OF
BODY HAIR FROM ARSONIST USING INFLAMMABLE
SUBSTANCES
09:00-09:15
FETAL, NEONATAL AND INFANT DEATHS IN CHINA:
A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF CASES DETECTED IN
TONGJI FORENSIC MEDICAL CENTER FROM 2001 TO
2013
085
WFF2014
Rongshuai Wang, Liang Liu, Qian Liu
Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College of
Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
O 35-2
09:15-09:30
TRENDS OF FATAL DELIBERATE SELF-HARM IN
MANIPAL, INDIA
Prashantha Bhagavath, Charan Kishore Shetty, Vikram Palimar
Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Kasturba Medical College
Manipal, Manipal University, Manipal, India
O 35-3
09:30-09:45
BURNED CORPSES AFTER FIRE IN A TEXTILE FACTORY:
IDENTIFICATION AND FORENSIC ACTIVITIES
Martina Focardi1, Francesco Mari2, Ugo Ricci3, Vilma Pinchi1
Department of Health Sciences, Forensic Sciences Section,
University of Florence, Florence, Italy; 2Department of Health
Sciences, Division of Forensic Toxicology, University of Florence,
Florence, Italy; 3Diagnostic Genetics Unit, Azienda OspedalieroUniversitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
1
O 35-4
Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
10:00-10:15
THE EXPERIENCE OF THE SAUDI FORENSIC
MEDICOLEGAL SERVICE IN MASS DISASTER
Khalid Jaber
Ministry of Health, Directorate of Forensic Centers, Riyadh, Saudi
Arabia
O 35-6
10:15-10:30
FORENSIC ASPECTS OF CARBON MONOXIDE
POISONING BY CHARCOAL BURNING IN DENMARK,
2008-2012: AN AUTOPSY BASED STUDY
Alexandra Gheorghe, Martin Rune Christensen
The Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences,
University of Copenhagen, Denmark
208A (2F)
09:00-10:30
ORAL PRESENTATION 36 - OTHERS (OTHERS)
CHAIRPERSONS
Haskell Pitluck (USA), Heesun Chung (Korea)
O 36-3
09:00-09:15
THE PRESENT SITUATION ANALYSIS AND THOUGHTS
AND SUGGESTIONS ON REVITALIZING CHINESE
FORENSIC MEDICINE
Xinshan Chen
086
O 36-4
09:15-09:30
PUPIL FUNCTION AS AN INDICATOR FOR BEING
UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF CENTRAL NERVOUS
ACTING SUBSTANCES FROM A TRAFFIC-MEDICINE
PERSPECTIVE
Fabio Monticelli1, Fritz Priemer2, Ulrich Preiss3, Michael
Böttcher4, Thomas Kellerr1
Forensic Medicine, Paris Lodron University, Salzburg, Austria;
Institute of Forensic Expert Reports, University NürtingenGeislingen, München, Germany; 3Forensic Medicine, Medizinische
Hochschule Hannover, Oldenburg, Germany; 4MVZ, Labor Dessau,
Dessau-Rosslau, Germany
1
2
O 36-5
09:30-09:45
BODIES IN PARCELS
Fawzi Benomran
Forensic Medicne, Dubai Police/ Dubai Medical College, Dubai,
United Arab Emirates
09:45-10:00
THE ROLE OF THE FORENSIC PATHOLOGIST IN
INFECTIOUS EPIDEMICS
Jeffrey Jentzen
O 35-5
Department of Forensic Pathology, Huazhong University of
Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
O 36-6
09:45-10:00
HOMICIDE PATTERNS AND MOTIVES IN HATAY TURKEY
Cem Zeren, Ibrahim Ortanca, Adnan Celikel, Sumeyra
Demirkiran, M. Mustafa Arslan
Forensic Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Medical Faculty,
Hatay, Turkey
208A (2F)
09:00-10:30
ORAL PRESENTATION 37 FORENSIC GENETICS & BIOLOGY (GB) :
NGS / KINSHIP
CHAIRPERSONS
Kyoung-Jin Shin (Korea), Jong-Jin Kim (Korea)
O 37-1
09:00-09:15
SECOND GENERATION SEQUENCING OF FORENSIC
GENETIC STR MARKERS
Niels Morling
Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Copenhagen,
Copenhagen, Denmark
O 37-2
09:15-09:30
FORENSIC ADVANTAGES OF NEXT-GENERATION
SEQUENCING TECHNOLOGY FOR STR GENOTYPING
USING THE PERSONAL ION GENOME MACHINE
Joseph Chang, Chien-Wei Chang, Robert Lagace, Reina Langit,
Narasimhan Rajagopalan, Sharon Wootton
Human Identification, Thermo Fisher Scientific, South San
Francisco, California, United States
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
O 37-3
09:30-09:45
FINGERMARK RESIDUE
MASSIVE SEQUENCE ANALYSIS OF FORENSIC STR
LOCI USING NEXT GENERATION SEQUENCING AND ITS
APPLICATION TO MIXTURE ANALYSIS
Eun Hye Kim, In Seok Yang, Sang-Eun Jung, Hwan Young Lee,
Woo Ick Yang, Kyoung-Jin Shin
Sebastien Moret1, Xanthe Spindler1, Chris Lennard2, Claude
Roux1
Department of Forensic Medicine, Yonsei University College of
Medicine, Seoul, Korea (South)
O 38-2
O 37-4
09:45-10:00
APPLICATION OF THE NUMBER OF ALLELES IDENTICAL
BY STATE AND DISCRIMINANT FUNCTIONS IN FULL
SIBLING IDENTIFICATION
Li Yuan1, Xu Xu1, He Ren2, Chong Chen3, Yan Shi3, Di Lu1
Key Laboratory of Evidence Science of Ministry of Educationcollaborative Innovation Center of Judicial Civilization,
China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing, China;
2
Department of Public Security Science and Technology, Beijing
Police College, Beijing, China; 3Dna, Beijing Tongda Shoucheng
Institute of Forensic Science, Beijing, China
1
O 37-5
10:00-10:15
COMPLEX KINSHIP ANALYSIS BY MULTI-GENOTYPING
SYSTEM AND IBS SCORE
Yan Liu1, Zhen-Min Zhao1
Centre for Forensic Science, University of Technology, Sydney,
Sydney, Australia; 2Forensic Science, University of Western
Sydney, Richmond, Australia
1
09:15-09:30
FINGERMARK DETECTION USING FUNCTIONALIZED
SILICON OXIDE NANOPARTICLES
Sebastien Moret1, Andy Becue2, Claude Roux1, Christophe
Champod2
Centre for Forensic Science, University of Technology, Sydney,
Sydney, Australia; 2Ecole Des Sciences Criminelles, University of
Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
1
O 38-4
09:30-09:45
THE HOME OFFICE FINGERMARK VISUALISATION
MANUAL
Rory Downham
Chemistry / Forensics, Home Office Centre for Applied Science
and Technology, St Albans, United Kingdom
O 38-5
09:45-10:00
Forensic Biology, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of
Justice, Shanghai, China; 2Forensic Biology, Institute of Forensic
Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, China
SINGLE- AND MULTI-TARGET IMMUNOGENIC
REAGENTS FOR THE DETECTION OF LATENT
FINGERMARKS: FIRST STEPS TOWARDS A UNIVERSAL
REAGENT
O 37-6
Xanthe Spindler1, Reasmey Tith1, Oliver Hofstetter2, Chris
Lennard3, Claude Roux1
1
10:15-10:30
SNP AND X-STR AND MTDNA ANALYSIS IN
MATERNITY TESTING WHEN THE FALSE MOTHER CAN
NOT BE EXCLUDED BY 46 STRS GENOTYPING
Li Li1, Yuan Lin1, Yan Liu1, Suhua Zhang1, Chengtao Li1, Shumin
Zhao 1, Yacheng Liu2
Department of Forensic Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of
Forensic Medicine, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of
Justice, Shanghai, China; 2Department of Forensic Biology,
Institute of Forensic Science, Beijing Pubic Security Bureau,
Beijing, China
Centre for Forensic Science, University of Technology, Sydney,
Ultimo, Australia; 2Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
Northern Illinois University, Dekalb, United States; 3Forensic
Science, School of Science and Health, University of Western
Sydney, Richmond, Australia
1
1
204 (2F)
09:00-10:30
ORAL PRESENTATION 38 FINGERPRINT / SCENE INVESTIGATION (FPR/SI)
: FINGERPRINT
CHAIRPERSONS
09:00-09:15
LATENT FINGERMARK DETECTION TECHNIQUES:
TOWARDS A MORE FUNDAMENTAL UNDERSTANDING
THROUGH MICROSCOPIC OBSERVATIONS OF THE
10:00-10:15
THE RESEARCH OF EXTRACTING FINGERPRINTS ON
MULTICOLOR BACKGROUND BY USING THE SPECTRAL
IMAGING AND DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING
TECHNOLOGY
Dan Wang
Audio-Visual Material Inspection Technology Department,
National Police University of China, Shenyang, China
209 (2F)
Won Boon Park (USA), Dae-Kyoon Park (Korea)
O 38-1
O 38-6
09:00-10:30
ORAL PRESENTATION 39 FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY (OD) : FORENSIC
ODONTOLOGY AND JUDICIAL NEEDS
CHAIRPERSONS
Ruediger Lessig (Germany), Sang Seob Lee (Korea)
087
WFF2014
O 39-1
09:00-09:15
DENTAL LITIGATION: THE PHENOMENON IN ITS
REALITY
Vilma Pinchi1, Stefano Garatti2, Francesco Pradella1, Giulia
Vitale1, Marco Scarpelli1, Valerio Tinozzi3, Gianaristide Norelli1
O 40-2
Carole E Chaski1, Seung-Man Kang2
Department of Forensic Medical Sciences, University of Firenze,
Firenze, Italy; 2Clinical Supervision Office, Hospital of Desio and
Vimercate, Desio, Italy; 3None, Private Practice, Roma, Italy
1
O 39-2
O 40-3
1
09:15-09:30
DEVELOPMENT OF AN AUTOMATED SOFTWARE TO
CALCULATE TOOTH-PULP VOLUME RATIO FROM CONE
BEAM COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY AND ITS POSSIBLE
APPLICATION TO AGE ESTIMATION
Hoon-Ki Lee1, Sang-Seob Lee2, Jong-Il Yun1, Jeong-Yun Lee1
Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Diagnosis, Seoul National
University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea (South); 2Division of
Forensic Odontology, National Forensic Service, Wonju, Korea
(South)
09:00-09:15
K-WISER: A COMPUTATIONAL-LINGUISTIC APPROACH
TO DETECTING DECEPTION IN KOREAN WRITTEN
STATEMENTS
Research and Development, Institute for Linguistic Evidence,
Georgetown, Delaware, United States; 2English Education,
Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk, Korea (South)
09:15-09:30
SUICIDE NOTES
Faruk Asicioglu1, Sefa Saygili2
Institute of Forensic Sciences, University of Istanbul, Istanbul,
Turkey; 2Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Kırklareli,
Kırklareli, Turkey
1
1
O 39-3
09:30-09:45
AGE ESTIMATION IN DOWN SYNDROME SUBJECTS
Laura Farese2, Stefano Garatti2, Vilma Pinchi1, Fabio
Brusamolino2
O 40-4
09:30-09:45
SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY OF BRAIN ELECTRICAL
OSCILLATION SIGNATURE PROFILING (BEOS_P) DIFFERENTIATING PERPETRATOR FROM WITNESS
Anjali Yadav, Dr. Asha Srivastava
Forensic Psychology Division, Cfsl/cbi, New Delhi, India
O 40-5
09:45-10:00
Forensic Odontology, University of Florence, Milan, Italy; 2Special
dentistry Clinic, Desio and Vimercate Hospital, Milan, Italy
FUNCTION DISORDER ASSESSMENT ON PATIENTS
WITH MILD PSYCHIATRIC IMPAIRMENT DUE TO ROAD
TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS
O 39-4
Qinting Zhang
1
09:45-10:00
AGE ESTIMATION USING TOOTH DEVELOPMENT OF
INDONESIAN POPULATION
Adisty Setyari Putri1, Benindra Nehemia Makes1, Nurtami
Soedarsono1
Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Institute of Forensic Science,
Ministry of Justice, P.r.china, Shanghai, China
O 40-6
10:00-10:15
Oral Biology, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia; 2Dental
Radiology, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia; 3Oral
Biology, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
STUDY ON DIFFERENCES OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL
RESPONSE ASSOCIATED WITH LYING FROM
PSYCHOPATHIC TENDENCIES ON CONCEALED
INFORMATION TEST
O 39-5
Hong Hyeongi1, Ji Hyungki1, Kim Heesong1, Hyun Myoungho 2
1
10:00-10:15
ACCURACY OF AGE ESTIMATION USING THREE DENTAL
DEVELOPMENT SCHEMAS
Sakher Alqahtani1, Mark Hector3, Helen Liversidge2
College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia;
School of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London,
United Kingdom; 3School of Dentistry, Dundee University, Dundee,
United Kingdom
Psychological Forensics Division, National Forensic Service,
Wonju, Korea (South); 2Department of Psychology, Chung-Ang
University, Seoul, Korea (South)
1
1
2
210 (2F)
ORAL PRESENTATION 40 FORENSIC PSYCHIATRY / BEHAVIORAL
SCIENCE (PBS) : PBS I
CHAIRPERSONS
Daniel A. Martell (USA), Yung Hyeock Lee (Korea)
088
09:00-10:30
203 (2F)
11:00-12:30
ORAL PRESENTATION 41 FORENSIC PATHOLOGY (PT) : REGIONAL ISSUE II
CHAIRPERSONS
John Clark (UK), Hongil Ha (Korea)
O 41-2
11:00-11:15
RETROSPECTIVE DESCRIPTIVE STUDY ON SUICIDAL
DEATHS IN COLOMBO NORTH AND COLOMBO SOUTH
TEACHING HOSPITALS IN SRI LANKA (2004-2013)
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
Paranirubasingam Paranitharan1, Sanjaya Hulathduwa2,
Nirmala Perera3, Dhammika Ariyarathne4, Anjana De Silva5
Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine,
Ragama, Sri Lanka; 2Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty
of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayawardenepure, Sri
Lanka; 3Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine,
Ragama, Sri Lanka; 4Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of
Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayawardenepure, Sri Lanka;
5
Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University
of Ragama, Sri Lanka
1
O 41-3
11:15-11:30
STATISTICS OF HOMICIDAL CASES FROM 20112013 IN DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE &
MEDICOLEGAL, CIPTO MANGUNKUSUMO HOSPITAL,
JAKARTA, INDONESIA
Yudy Yudy, Atmadja Djaja Surya
Department of Forensic Medicine & Medicolegal, Cipto
Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
O 41-4
11:30-11:45
RETROSPECTIVE AUTOPSY BASED STUDY OF FATAL
ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS IN FIJI
James J V P Kalougivaki1, Ponnu R Goundar 2
Senior Forensic Pathology Registrar, Fiji Institute of Forensic
Science, Fiji Police Force, Suva, Fiji; 2Reader and Head, Fiji
Institute of Forensic Science, Fiji Police Force, Suva, Fiji
1
O 41-5
11:45-12:00
FORENSIC AUTOPSY STUDY OF RURAL AREAS WITH
SMALL CITIES
Sohyung Park1, Byung Ha Choi1, Hye Jin Park1, Hyoung-Joong
Kim2, Young-Shick Choi3, Sung Jin Cho4, Dae Yeol Kim1, Young
Joo Kim1, Whee Yeol Cho5
Forensic Medical Center, National Forensic Service, Seoul,
Korea (South); 2Forensic Medicine, Seoul Clinic of Korea Forensic
Investigation, Seoul, Korea (South); 3Seoul Institute of Scientific
Investigation, National Forensic Service, Seoul, Korea (South);
4
Department of Forensic Medicine Investigation, Seoul Institute
of Scientific Investgation, National Forensic Service, Seoul,
Korea (South); 5Forensic Medicine Division, Gwangju Institute
of Scientific Investigation, National Forensic Service, Gwangju,
Korea (South)
1
O 41-6
12:00-12:15
INVESTIGATION OF THE CAUSE OF DEATH IN FINLAND
Ursula Vala, Eeva Siitonen
Forensic Medicine Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare,
Helsinki, Finland
208A (2F)
11:00-12:30
ORAL PRESENTATION 42 OTHERS : REGIONAL ISSUE II
CHAIRPERSONS
Ronald L Singer (USA)
O 42-1
11:00-11:15
STUDY ON THE TIME INVERSION OF DROWNED
VICTIMS BY MARINE FOULING ORGANISMS
Hyun Woung Shin1, Il Pyeong Kim2
Dept. of Biology and Biotechnology, Soonchunhyang University,
Asan, Korea (South); 2Dept. of investigation, Gunsan Cost Guard,
Gunsan, Korea (South)
1
O 42-2
11:15-11:30
A SURVEY OF CULTURABLE BACTERIA ON THE SKIN OF
DECOMPOSING SWINE (SUS SCROFA DOMESTICUS)
Lauren Chun1, Marcus Miguel1, Emily N. Junkins1, Kayla
Balasbas1, Shari L. Forbes2, David O. Carter1
Laboratory of Forensic Taphonomy, Forensic Sciences Unit,
Division of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Chaminade
University of Honolulu, Honolulu, United States; 2Centre for
Forensic Science, School of Chemistry and Forensic Science,
University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
1
O 42-4
11:30-11:45
VALIDATING AN EQUATION TO ESTIMATE
POSTMORTEM INTERVAL ON O’AHU, HAWAI‘I
Christopher G Inoue1, David O Carter2
Laboratory of Forensic Taphonomy, Forensic Sciences Unit,
Division of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Chaminade
University of Honolulu, and City and County of Honolulu
Department of the Medical Examiner, HI, United States;
2
Laboratory of Forensic Taphonomy, Forensic Sciences Unit,
Division of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Chaminade
University of Honolulu, Hl, United States
1
O 42-5
11:45-12:00
LIGE STYLE AND FORENSIC SCIENCE - HOW BODY
WEIGHT IMPACT MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY
James A J (Rex) Ferris
IAFS, Counccil Member, New Zealand
208B (2F)
11:00-12:30
ORAL PRESENTATION 43 FORENSIC GENETICS & BIOLOGY (GB) : SW &
NEW SYSTEM
CHAIRPERSONS
Ki-Wha Chung (Korea), Kyung-Lyong Lee (Korea)
089
WFF2014
O 43-2
11:00-11:15
PROCESSING BIOLOGICAL MATERIAL FROM CRIME
SCENE SAMPLES ON THE RAPIDHIT® SYSTEM FOR
INVESTIGATIVE LEAD DEVELOPMENT
Lori K Hennessy
Applications/R&D, IntegenX, Pleasanton, United States
O 43-3
11:15-11:30
O 44-1
11:00-11:15
ELECTROPHORETIC DEPOSITION OF NANOPARTICLES
AS A NEW TECHNIQUE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF
LATENT FINGERMARKS
Roberto Rosa, Paolo Veronesi, Cristina Leonelli
Department of Engineering Enzo Ferrari, University of Modena and
Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
O 44-2
11:15-11:30
LABORATORY IMPLEMENTATION OF SOFTWARE USING
A CONTINUOUS MODEL FOR THE INTERPRETATION OF
DNA PROFILES
THE RESEARCH OF COMPARING THE FINGERPRINT
AND THE ARTIFICIAL FINGER STREAK LINE MOULAGE
Aoyang Yu
Jo-Anne Bright1, Duncan Taylor2, James Curran3, John
Buckleton1
Trace Examination Technology Department, China Criminal Police
University, Shenyang, China
Forensic Biology, Esr Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand; 2Forensic
Biology, Fssa, South Australia, Australia; 3Statistics, University of
Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
1
O 43-4
11:30-11:45
POWERQUANTTM SYSTEM: A NEW ROBUST HUMAN
AND MALE SPECIFIC DNA QUANTIFICATION SYSTEM
THAT MONITORS DNA INTEGRITY
Jessi Sim
Support and Training, Promega Corporation, Perth, Australia
O 43-5
11:45-12:00
PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION IN MIXED SEMINAL STAIN
OF TWO INDIVIDUALS
Baojie Wang1, Mei Ding1, Lu Zhang1, Hao Pang1, Chunhong
Wang1, Jun Yao1, Song Han2, Jiaxin Xing1, Jinfeng Xuan1, Miao
Fan1
School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University,
Shenyang, China; 2Department of Forensic Medicine, Shenyang
Medical College, Shenyang, China
O 44-4
ANOTHER CSI EFFECT, EFFECTS OF DRAMAS ON
CRIMES
Hoseon Lee, Byeonggwan Woo, Doyun Seong, Jiwon Park,
Dongho Joe
senior year, Korean national police university, Yongin-si, Seoul,
Korea (South)
O 44-6
12:00-12:15
11:45-12:00
VIRTUAL REALITY BASED COLLABORATIVE CRIME
SCENE SIMULATION ENVIRONMENT
Youngwon Kim, Changhyeon Lee, Jonggil Ahn, Gerard
Jounghyun Kim
Department of Computer and Radio Communications Engineering,
Korea University, Seoul, Korea (South)
1
O 43-6
11:30-11:45
209 (2F)
11:00-12:30
ORAL PRESENTATION 45 FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY (OD) : BITE MARK
AND BODY IDENTIFICATION
DEVELOPMENT OF TWO NOVEL DNA ANALYSIS
METHODS TO IMPROVE WORKFLOW EFFICIENCY FOR
CHALLENGING FORENSIC SAMPLES
CHAIRPERSONS
Sudhir Sinha, Hiromi Brown, Anne Montgomery, Gina Pineda,
Marion Carroll
MACROSCOPIC AND MICROSCOPIC ASPECTS OF
TEETH EXPOSED TO ACIDS
Hana Eliasova1, Tatjana Dostalova2, Ivana Turkova1
Forensic Genetics, InnoGenomics Technologies, LLC, New
Orleans, United States
204 (2F)
11:00-12:30
ORAL PRESENTATION 44 FINGERPRINT / SCENE INVESTIGATION (FPR/SI)
: FINGERPRINT, ACCREDITATION / TRAINING /
EDUCATION
CHAIRPERSONS
Joseph Almog (Israel), SungGi Lee (Korea)
090
Carl KK Leung (Hong Kong), Patrick Thevissen (Belgium)
O 45-2
11:00-11:15
anthropology, biology and physiodetection, Institute of
Criminalistics Prague, Prague, Czech Republic; 2stomatology,
Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; 3chemistry, Institute of
Criminalistics Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
1
O 45-3
11:15-11:30
COURSE OF FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY WITH FOCUS ON
IDENTIFICATION OF UNKNOWN VICTIMS AFTER MASS
DISASTERS
Ruediger Lessig
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
Institute of Legal Medicine, Martin-Luther-University of HalleWittenberg, Halle, Germany
O 45-4
11:30-11:45
THE PROFILE OF LIP PRINT PATTERN OF TWO
SUBPOPULATION IN INDONESIA
O 46-6
Serviço de Medicina Legal, Hospital Central de Maputo, Maputo,
Mozambique
Windrianto Mochamad Atmaji1, Atmadja Djaja Surya2,
Yuniastuti Mindya1
Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry University of
Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia; 2Department of Forensic Medicine
and Medico-Legal, Faculty of Medicine University of Indonesia,
Jakarta, Indonesia
1
O 45-5
11:45-12:00
11:45-12:00
A CASE OF CHILD TORTURE IN MOZAMBIQUE
Denisse Reves, Virgílio Ceia
203 (2F)
14:00-15:30
ORAL PRESENTATION 47 FORENSIC PATHOLOGY (PT) :
FORENSIC IMAGING I
CHAIRPERSONS
Morio Ino (Japan), Hyungseok Kim (Korea)
IMPORTANCE OF HEALING IN BITE MARK
O 47-1
Yasir Osman Yousif Ali1, Ogeel Sowar Aldahab2, Elhadi Mohi
Eldin2, Yousif Osman Yousif 1, Khalid Kabsor1, Md Salah1
UTILITY OF POSTMORTEM X-RAY COMPUTED
TOMOGRAPHY (CT) FOR MEDICOLEGAL AUTOPSIES ON
DECEDENTS WITH BLUNT FORCE INJURIES
Kurt B. Nolte1, Sarah L. Lathrop2, Gary M. Hatch1, Chandra
Y. Gerrard1, Jamie Elifritz3, Brad W. Cushnyr3, Gary Mlady3,
Jennifer Pohl3, Sam W. Andrews2, Ian D. Paul2
Odontology, National Ribat University, Sudan, Sudan;
Odontology, University of Khartoum, Sudan, Sudan; 3Forensic
Odontology, National Ribat University, Khartoun, Sudan
1
2
14:00-14:15
Departments of Pathology and Radiology-Center for Forensic
Imaging, University of New Mexico School of Medicine,
Albuquerque, NM, USA, United States; 2Department of Pathology,
Office of the Medical Investigator, University of New Mexico
School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA, United States;
3
Department of Radiology, University of New Mexico School of
Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA, United States
1
210 (2F)
11:00-12:30
ORAL PRESENTATION 46 FORENSIC PSYCHIATRY / BEHAVIORAL
SCIENCE (PBS) : PBS II
CHAIRPERSONS
Carole E Chaski (USA), Jisun Park (Korea)
O 46-1
11:00-11:15
JUVENILES WHO COMMIT SEXUAL OFFENCES
AGAINST MINORS: EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND LEGAL
CONSIDERATIONS
Dilek Celik1, Gokhan Oral2
Psychology, Suleyman Sah University, Istanbul, Turkey; 2Forensic
Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University,
Istanbul, Turkey
1
O 47-2
THE EVALUATION OF POST-MORTEM MSCT CORONARY
CALCIFICATION SCORE USNG IN DIAGNOSE OF
SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH
Wan Lei
Forensic, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice,
Shanghai, China
O 47-3
O 46-4
11:15-11:30
FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT:
DIFFERENTIATE INNOCENT AND GUILTY SUBJECTS
IN CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION CASES IN INDIAN
SCENARIO
14:15-14:30
14:30-14:45
PATHOLOGICAL AND RADIOGRAPHIC FINDINGS IN
INVESTIGATING PEDIATRIC HEAD AND NECK TRAUMA
Jeffrey Jentzen
Pathology, University, Ann Arbor, United States
Asha Srivastava, Anjali Yadav
O 47-4
Forensic Psychology Division, Cfsl/cbi, New Delhi, India
MULTIPHASE POST-MORTEM COMPUTED
TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY – RESULTS OF A
MULTICENTER VALIDATION STUDY
Jochen Grimm1, Silke Grabherr1, Axel Heinemann2, Giuseppe
Guglielmi3, Krzysztof Wozniak4, Franziska Eplinius5, Fabrice
Dedouit6, Florian Fischer7, Guy Rutty8, Bruno Morgan8
O 46-5
11:30-11:45
PREDICTION OF OFFENDER RESIDENCE USING
GEOGRAPHIC PROFILING SYSTEM
Yeondae Jung
Scientific Investigation Center, Korean National Police Agency,
Seoul, Korea (South)
14:45-15:00
Legal Medicine, University Center of Legal Medicine Lausanne/
geneva and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland;
1
091
WFF2014
Institute for Legal Medicine, University Hospital Hamburg
Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; 3Institute of Legal Medicine,
University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy; 4Department of Legal Medicine,
Collegium Medicum Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland;
5
Institute for Legal Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig,
Germany; 6Department of Legal Medicine, University Hospital
Tulouse, Tulouse, France; 7Institute for Legal Medicine, LudwigMaximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany; 8East
Midlands Forensic Pathology Unit, Leicester Royal Infirmary,
University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; 9Institute for
Legal Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; 10Institute
for Legal Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
2
O 47-5
15:00-15:15
CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY STUDIES OF PIG HEART
Wan Lei
Forensic Pathology, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of
Justice, P.r.china, Shanghai, China
O 47-6
15:15-15:30
EFFICACY AND EFFICIENCY OF MULTI-PHASE POST
MORTEM CT-ANGIOGRAPHY (MPMCTA) ON ALTERED
BODIES
Christine Chevallier1, Francesco Doenz2, Paul Vaucher3, Patrice
Mangin1, Silke Grabherr1
Center of Legal Medicine Lausanne-Geneva, University,
Lausanne, Switzerland; 2Department of Radiology and
Interventional Radiology, University Hospital, Lausanne,
Switzerland; 3Center of Legal Medicine Lausanne-Geneva,
University, Geneva, Switzerland
1
208A (2F)
O48-3
14:30-14:45
RECREATIONAL DRUG USE AMONG MALE SCHOOL
CHILDREN IN COLOMBO-SRI LANKA
Sanjaya Hulathduwa1, Jean Perera2
Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences,
University of Sri Jayawardenepure, Sri Lanka; 2Department of
Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri
Lanka
1
O 48-4
14:45-15:00
INCREASED DRUG SEIZURES IN HATAY -TURKEY
RELATED TO CIVIL WAR IN SYRIA
M.mustafa Arslan, Cem Zeren, Adnan Celikel, Ibrahim Ortanca,
Sumeyra Demirkiran
Department of Forensic Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University,
Hatay, Turkey
O 48-6
15:00-15:15
QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF EMERGING DESIGNER
DRUGS BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY TANDEM MASS
SPECTROMETRY, ION MOBILITY SPECTROMETRY, AND
DIRECT ANALYSIS IN REAL TIME QUADRUPOLE TIMEOF-FLIGHT
Seongshin Gwak, Jose R. Almirall
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and International
Forensic Research Institute, Florida International University,
Miami, United States
14:00-15:30
ORAL PRESENTATION 49 FORENSIC GENETICS & BIOLOGY (GB) :
MICROBIOLOGY & PLANT AND OTHER ANIMAL
Olaf Drummer (Australia), Keller Thomas (Austria)
CHAIRPERSONS
14:00-14:15
CURRENT PATTERNS OF DESIGNER DRUG USE IN THE
US ELECTRONIC DANCE MUSIC COMMUNITY
Jillian Yeakel1, Barry Logan1, Amanda Mohr1
Forensic Toxicology, Center for Forensic Science Research and
Education, Willow Grove, United States; 2Forensic Toxicology,
Nms Labs, Willow Grove, United States; 3Forensic Toxicology,
American Registry of Pathology, Dover, United States
1
14:15-14:30
DESIGNER DRUGS IN BRAZIL 2012/2014: THE LIFE
WITHOUT STANDARDS
Leandro F. Machado1, Joao C. L Ambrosio1, Adriano O.
092
2
208B (2F)
CHAIRPERSONS
O 48-2
Nacional Institute of Criminalistic, Federal Police, Brasilia, Brazil;
Chemistry Institute, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
1
14:00-15:30
ORAL PRESENTATION 48 TOXICOLOGY / ILLICIT DRUGS (TI) :
ILLICIT DRUGS
O 48-1
Maldaner1, Aline L. Oliveira2, Juliana D. Schlischka1, Clarisse F.
Ferreira1
Jo-Anne Bright (New Zealand)
O 49-1
14:00-14:15
UTILITY OF SOIL MICROBIOME IN IDENTIFICATION OF
CARRION DECOMPOSITION SITE
Baneshwar Singh1, Tawni L. Crippen2, Vanessa Sufrin1, Aaron
M. Tarone3, Jennifer L. Pechal4, M. Eric Benbow4, Jeffery K.
Tomberlin3
Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond,
United States; 2Food and Feed Safety Research, Southern Plains
Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, College Station, United
States; 3Department of Entomology, Texas A & M University,
College Station, United States; 4Department of Entomology,
Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States
1
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
O 49-2
14:15-14:30
O 50-3
14:15-14:30
DOES HUMAN HANDS BACTERIAL FLORA USEFUL IN
FORENSIC SCIENCES?
CHAINSAW TOOL MARK STRATIGRAPHY PATTERNS
James Bailey1, Piotr Trojanowski2, Sergeii Buhonsky3
Ayse Kaya, Huseyin Cakan, Filiz Ekim Cevik
1
Istanbul University, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
O 49-3
14:30-14:45
GROWTH CURVES OF C MEGACEPHALA(FABRICIUS)
(DIPTERA: CALLIPHORIDAE) LARVAE AT SIX CONSTANT
TEMPERATURE REGIMES FOR ESTIMATION OF POST
MORTEM INTERVALS (PMI) IN MALAYSIA
Zakaria Ikhwan1, Mohamed Abdul Majid1, Surin Johari2, Omar
Baharuddin3
Pusat Asasi Sains, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;
2
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of
Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; 3Department of Biomedical
Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan
Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
1
O 49-4
14:45-15:00
THE SUCCESSION PATTERN OF FORENSICALLY
IMPORTANT COLEOPTERA ON PIG CARCASSES IN
SOUTHERN CHONGQING
Law Enforcement, Minnesota State University, Mankato, United
States; 2Manager of Crime Scene Officers, Central Forensic
Laboratory of the Police, Warsaw, Poland; 3Forensic Research
Center, Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, Kherson, Ukraine
O 50-4
14:30-14:45
DETECTION OF RECENT HOLDING OF FIREARMS:
IMPROVING THE SENSITIVITY OF THE PDT TEST
Joseph Almog, Karni L. Bar-Or, Amihud Leifer, Yair Delbar,
Yinon Harush-Brosh
Applied Chemistry, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
O 50-5
14:45-15:00
COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE DUST AND DRY
RESIDUE FOOTWEAR IMPRESSION LIFTING EFFECTS
OF DIFFERENT OBJECTS IN USING THE ELECTROSTATIC
LIFTING
Yao Li, Ding Ke
Department of trace examination technology, National Police
University of China, Shen Yang, China
Zhou Lv1, Rui Tang1, Yongqiang Yang2, Lvzi Xu1, Lihua Wan1
O 50-6
Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical
Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China;
2
Wansheng District Sub-Bureau, Public Security Bureau of
Chongqing, Chongqing, China
THE NEW METHOD OF FINDING THE AREA OF ORIGIN
INCLUDING THE PARABOLIC MOTION OF BLOOD
DROPLETS
Young-Il Seo, Dong-Hwan Kim, Jin-Pyo Kim, Byung-Sun Moon,
Kyung-Hwa Lee, Jae-Yong Song, Young-Woo Choi, Sang-Yoon
Lee, Jae-Mo Goh, Nam-Kyu Park
1
O 49-5
15:00-15:15
DEVELOPMENT OF A GENETIC ASSAY TO IDENTIFY
DRUG-CONTAINING PLANT SPECIES IN A MIXTURE
15:00-15:15
Divisiton of Forensic Safety, National Forensic Service, Wonju,
Korea (South)
Kelly Elkins, Anjelica Perez
Chemistry, Towson University, Towson, Md, United States
204 (2F)
14:00-15:30
ORAL PRESENTATION 50 FINGERPRINT / SCENE INVESTIGATION (FPR/
SI) : ACCREDITATION / TRAINING / EDUCATION,
SCENE INVESTIGATION
CHAIRPERSONS
Brian Yamashita (Canada), YoungIl Cho (Korea)
O 50-2
14:00-14:15
LINKAGE OF CRIMINAL CASES USING SHOEPRINT
LEFT AT CRIME SCENE BASED ON THE MODERN
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
209 (2F)
14:00-15:30
ORAL PRESENTATION 51 FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY (DENTAL
IDENTIFICATION) (OD)
CHAIRPERSON
Hrvoje Brkic (Croatia)
O 51-1
14:00-14:15
FLIGHT AF 447 RIO DE JANEIRO-PARIS CRASH ON JUNE
1ST 2009 FORENSIC ODONTOSTOMATOLOGIC ASPECTS
Hutt Jean Marc, Drogou Gwenola, Danjard Charles
Forensic Odontology, AFIO, PARIS, France
O 51-2
14:15-14:30
Huanzhang Fu
MEDIA BROADCASTING AND FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY
Drogou Gwenola, Hutt Jean Marc
Marks Examination, Institute of Forensic Science, Beijing, China
AFIO, IOFOS, PLOEMEUR, France
093
WFF2014
O 51-3
14:30-14:45
MINERALOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF 13C AND 18O
FOR APPLICATIONS IN FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY
Fabio Salvador1, Tais Muniz2, Ademir Rosario Jr.3, Jose Manoel
Reis Neto2
Federal Police Department, Ministry of Justice, Curitiba, Brazil;
Geology Department, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba,
Brazil; 3Stomatology Department, Pontifical Catholic University of
Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
1
2
O 51-4
14:45-15:00
DISCRIMINATION POTENTIAL OF ROOT CANAL
TREATED TOOTH IN FORENSIC DENTISTRY
Khalid Khalid
Forensic Dentistry, University of science and Technology,
Omdurman, Sudan
O 51-6
15:00-15:15
A GLANCE AT DENTAL IMPLANTS AS A FORENSIC
IDENTIFICATION TOOL: A REVIEW ARTICLE
Arash Ghodousi3, Zohre Maleki1, Ehsan Talebzade2
Faculty of dentistry, Khorasgan (Isfahan) branch, Islamic Azad
University, Isfahan, Iran, Islamic Republic of; 2Department of
Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of dentistry, Khorasgan (Isfahan)
branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran, Islamic Republic of;
3
Department of nursing & midwifery, Khorasgan (Isfahan) branch,
Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran, Islamic Republic of
HELPS POSTMORTEM IMAGING TO DIAGNOSE THE
CAUSE OF DEATH: TOXICOLOGICAL RESULTS AND GAS
DISTRIBUTION
Vincent Varlet1, Coraline Egger2, Fiona Smith1, Nicole Giuliani1,
Audrey Rinaldi3, Alexandre Dominguez3, Silke Grabherr2
Forensic Toxicology and Chemistry Unit, University Center of
Legal Medicine Lausanne-Geneva, Lausanne, Switzerland;
2
Forensic Imaging Unit, University Center of Legal Medicine,
Lausanne-Geneva, Lausanne, Switzerland; 3School of Health
Sciences, Radiologic Medical Imaging Technology, Hes-So,
Lausanne, Switzerland
1
O 52-3
16:30-16:45
INTERPRETATIVE CORRELATION OF 3D VIRTUAL
MEDICAL IMAGING IN FORENSIC PATHOLOGY IN
TAIWAN
Mu Zon Wu1
Department and Post-graduate Institue of Forensic Medicine,
National Taiwan Univeristy, College of Medicine, Taipei City,
Taiwan; 2Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University
Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
1
1
203 (2F)
16:00-17:30
ORAL PRESENTATION 52 FORENSIC PATHOLOGY (PT) : FORENSIC
IMAGING II
CHAIRPERSON
Seongho Yoo (Korea)
O 52-1
16:00-16:15
O 52-4
Department of Legal Medicine (Forensic Medicine), Keio
University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; 2Emergency
Department, Nakakawachi Medical Center of Acute Medicine,
Osaka, Japan
1
O 52-5
1
Coraline Egger1, Vincent Varlet2, Fiona Smith2, Nicolle Giuliani2,
Audrey Rinaldi3, Alejandro Dominguez3, Silke Grabherr1
O 52-6
Forensic Imaging Unit, University Center of Legal Medicine,
Lausanne Geneva, Lausanne, Switzerland; 2Forensic Toxicology
and Chemistry Unit, University Center of Legal Medicine,
Lausanne Geneva, Lausanne, Switzerland; 3School of Health
Sciences, Radiologic Medical Imaging Technology, Hes-So,
Lausanne, Switzerland
O 52-2
16:15-16:30
THE GAS PROJECT PART 2 WHEN GAS ANALYSIS
094
17:00-17:15
QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF POSTMORTEM TISSUE
DEGRADATION FOR BLOOD AND MUSCLE TISSUE
USING DUAL ENERGY CT
Jang Gyu Cha1, Kyungmoo Yang2, Youngseok Lee2, Sangbeom
Lim2, Bongwoo Lee2, Joongseok Seo2
THE GAS PROJECT PART 1 WHEN GAS ANALYSIS
HELPS POSTMORTEM IMAGING TO DIAGNOSE
THE CAUSE OF DEATH: SAMPLING PROTOCOL AND
PRELIMINARY STUDY
1
16:45-17:00
EVALUATION OF A STAB WOUND TO THE ABDOMEN BY
CT IMAGING IN A LIVING VICTIM
Morio Iino1, Jun Tanaka2, Shigeru Shiono2, Masaki Q. Fujita1
Radiology, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital,
Bucheon, Korea (South); 2medical examiner's office, National
Forensic Service, Wonju, Korea (South)
17:15-17:30
THREE-DIMENSIONAL OPTICAL SURFACE
DOCUMENTATION IN FORENSIC PATHOLOGY
Mikolas Jurda1, Petra Urbanova1, Petr Hejna2
Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk
University, Brno, Czech Republic; 2Institute of Legal Medicine,
Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University and
University Hospital in Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech
Republic
1
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
208A (2F)
16:00-17:30
ORAL PRESENTATION 53 TOXICOLOGY / ILLICIT DRUGS (TI) : ILLICIT
DRUGS
CHAIRPERSONS
Seungkyung Baeck (Korea), Alain Verstraete (Belgium)
O 53-1
16:00-16:15
SIMULTANEOUS ANALYSIS OF MAJOR SYNTHETIC
CANNABINOIDS AND A STRATEGY TO IDENTIFY OTHER
SYNTHETIC CANNABINOIDS FROM HUMAN HAIR
USING LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY AND TANDEM
MASS SPECTROMETRY
Heeseung Kim, Jaechul Cheong, Jaeil Lee, Sungill Suh,
Minkyoung Kim, Jinyoung Kim, Moonkyo In
(GC/MS/MS)
Yan Shi, Ping Xiang, Min Shen
Department of Forensic Toxicology, Institute of Forensic Sciences,
Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, China
O 53-6
Ronald Shimmon
Chemistry and Forensic, Faculty of Science/universtity of
Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
Forensic Chemistry Laboratory, Supreme Prosecutor's Office,
Seoul, Korea (South)
O 53-2
16:15-16:30
METABOLIC STUDIES OF SYNTHETIC CANNABINOID
AM2201 BY CUNNINGHAMELLA ELEGANS
Shimpei Watanabe1, Unnikrishnan Kuzhiumparambil1, Jane
Cameron2, Shanlin Fu1
Centre for Forensic Science, University of Technology, Sydney,
Sydney, Australia; 2Cell Biology Team, University of Technology,
Sydney, Sydney, Australia
1
O 53-3
16:30-16:45
COCAINE AND CARDIAC SUDDEN DEATH
Mohammadhassan Ghadiani1, Seyyed Shahabeddin Sadr2
Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Shahid Beheshti University of
Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of; 2Physiology,
Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Islamic
Republic of
1
O 53-4
16:45-17:00
HAIR ANALYSIS FOR FIVE SERIES OF
AMINOALKYLINDOLE TYPES SYNTHETIC
CANNABINOIDS AND METABOLITES BY LC/ESI-MS/
MS AND THE PIGMENTATION EFFECT FOR THEIR
INCORPORATION INTO HAIR USING RAT MODEL
Jihyun Kim1, Yuran Park1, Sangwhan In1, Meejung Park1,
Ilchung Shin1, Moonhee Jang1, Wonkyung Yang1, Seungkyung
Baeck1, Eunmi Kim1, Sooyeun Lee2
17:15-17:30
VALIDATION OF A SENSITIVE AND SELECTIVE
COLOUR TEST METHOD FOR SCREENING PIPERAZINE
ANALOGUES MORGAN PHILP1, RONALD SHIMMON1,
NATASHA STOJANOVSKA1, MARK TAHTOUH2 AND
SHANLIN
208B (2F)
16:00-17:30
ORAL PRESENTATION 54 FORENSIC GENETICS & BIOLOGY (GB) :
ILLICIT DRUGS
CHAIRPERSONS
Christopher Kiu Choong (Singapore), Nam-Soo Cho (Korea)
O 54-2
16:00-16:15
STUDY OF RAPIDLY-MUTATING Y-STRS IN
ENDOGAMOUS PUNJABI POPULATION FROM
PAKISTAN
Atif Adnan1, Allah Rakha1, Arwin Rulf2, Manfred Kayser2
Department of Forensic Sciences, University of Health Sciences,
Lahore, Pakistan; 2Department of Forensic Molecular Biology,
Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
1
O 54-3
16:15-16:30
INCREASED NUMBER OF LOCI : GENERAL OVERVIEW
OF THE PERFORMANCE OF POWERPLEX FUSION,
GLOBALFILER CASEWORK AND INVESTIGATOR ID PLEX
24
Nor Aidora Saedon, Hazwani Hapiz, Nor Ummiza
Kamaruzzaman, Mohd Sufiyan Azah, Mohd Iqbal Zulkafli,
Baktiar Kassim
Forensic DNA Section, Forensic Division, Department of
Chemistry, Petaling Jaya Selangor, Malaysia
1
O 54-4
O 53-5
Tuntas Dhanardhono1, Toshimichi Yamamoto2, Sigid Kirana1,
Kunthi Yulianti3, Rika Susanti4, Erwin Kristanto5, Akira Ishii2
Narcotic,toxicologic & Chemical Department, National Forensic
Service, Seoul, Korea (South); 2College of Pharmacy, Keimyung
University, Daegu, Korea (South)
17:00-17:15
QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF HAIR ENDOGENOUS
GAMMA-HYDROXYBUTYRATE (GHB) LEVELS
OF CHINESE POPULATION USING GAS
CHROMATOGRAPHY-TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY
16:30-16:45
POPULATION GENETIC STUDY OF SIX MINI STR `MIDI 6`
SYSTEMS IN INDONESIAN POPULATIONS
Department of Forensic and Legal Medicine, University of
Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia; 2Department of Legal Medicine
and Bioethics, University of Nagoya, Nagoya, Japan; 3Department
of Forensic and Legal Medicine, University of Udayana, Bali,
1
095
WFF2014
Indonesia; 4Department of Forensic and Legal Medicine,
University of Andalas, Padang, Indonesia; 5Department of Forensic
and Legal Medicine, University of Sam Ratulangi, Manado,
Indonesia
O 55-4
O 54-5
O 55-5
16:45-17:00
GENETIC POLYMORPHISMS OF 30 INDEL LOCI IN
TURKEY
Arzu Duvenci, Gonul Filoglu, Ozlem Bulbul, Gulten Rayimoglu,
Havva Altuncul
Forensic Genetics, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Istanbul
University, Istanbul, Turkey
Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, China
17:00-17:15
DOES GENE POLYMORPHISM PLAY A ROLE IN CASES
OF CHILD ABUSE AMONG EGYPTIANS?DOES GENE
POLYMORPHISM PLAY A ROLE IN CASES OF CHILD
ABUSE AMONG EGYPTIANS?
Dina Shokry
16:45-17:00
STUDY ON THE INFLUENCE OF WALKING SPEED ON
THE GAIT PATTERN
Chengqing Tang
Forensic Science, National Police University of China, Shenyang,
China
O 55-6
O 54-6
16:30-16:45
IDENTIFICATION OF ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS IN FIRE
Li Li Li
17:00-17:15
ESTIMATION OF SEX FROM THE GAIT
CHARACTERISTICS DURING PROPULSION PHASE
Chengqing Tang
Forensic Science, National Police University of China, Shenyang,
China
Forensic Medicine Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
O 54-7
17:15-17:30
A SIMPLE WAY OF HUMAN MITOCHONDRIA HV1 AND
HV2 ANALYSIS FOR MASSIVE SAMPLE USING NGS
Kim Min-Hee, Ahn Eu-Ree, Lee Sunkyung, Yoo Seong Yeon,
Kwak Kyoung-Don, Moon Sang-Ok, Park Myung Jin, Jung
Sammy, Lee Yang Han
Forensic DNA Division, National Forensic Service, won-ju, Korea
(South)
204 (2F)
16:00-17:30
ORAL PRESENTATION 55 FINGERPRINT / SCENE INVESTIGATION (FPR/SI)
: SCENE INVESTIGATION, TRAFFIC ACCIDENT /
GAIT ANALYSIS / EXPLOSION
CHAIRPERSONS
Alastair Ross (Australia)
O 55-1
16:00-16:15
OVERCOMING CHALLENGES IN SCIENTIFIC SCENE/
EVENT SIMULATIONS
Chin-Chin Lim, Michael Ming Kiong Tay, Poh Ling Chia
Forensic Science, The Forensic Experts Group, Singapore
O 55-2
16:15-16:30
IAFS Poster Presentation
Auditorium Lobby (3F)
09:00-10:30
POSTER PRESENTATION 14 TRACE EVIDENCE / FORENSIC CHEMISTRY (TEC)
P 14-1
09:00-10:30
THE BASIC EXAMINATION ON KINETIC PHENOMENON
OF SINGLE FIBER TRANSFERENCE FROM GARMENT TO
HUMAN SKIN IN SIMULATED GROPING CASE
Shinichi Suzuki
Identification Center, National Research Institute of Police
Science, Kashiwa, Japan
P 14-2
09:00-10:30
DISPOSAL OF TRACE EVIDENCE ON EXPLOSION
SCENES
Lihong Chen, Hongguo Zhang, Yanchun Zhang
Key Laboratory of Impression Evidence Examination and
Identification Technology, China Criminal Police University,
Shenyang, China
P 14-3
09:00-10:30
GC-MS ANALYSIS OF PHOSPHINE AS PHOSPHORYL
CHLORIDE
Saif Eldin A. Khalil, Khalid Al Sumaiti, Hamda Ali S. Al Obaidli
STUDY OF TRACE MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS IN
TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS JUDICIAL IDENTIFICATION
General Department of Forensic Science, Dubai Police, Dubai,
United Arab Emirates
Zhiyong Zhang
P 14-4
Department of Road Traffic Accident Investigation, Institute of
Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice,p.r.c, Shanghai, China
EXAMINATION OF MARKS ON THE CONVEX BIT KEY
DUPLICATED BY MACHINE
096
09:00-10:30
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
Yi Jin, Lin Dai
Department of Trace Examination Technology, National Police
University of China, Shenyang, China
P 14-5
09:00-10:30
CHARACTERIZATION OF B5 BIODIESEL FUEL SAMPLES
USING GCXGC-TOFMS
Yuna Kim, Nam Yee Kim, Seh Youn Park, Seung Jin Ryu, Jin Mi
Jung, Ji Eun Jung, Ja Youl Yang, Jae Hoon You
Forensic Chemistry Section, Seoul Institute, National Forensic
Service, Seoul, Korea (South)
P 14-6
09:00-10:30
ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS OF GREEN COFFEE AND ITS
INFUSIONS BY ICP-MS
Selda Mercan, Sevcan Semen, Murat Yayla, Munevver Acikkol,
Salih Cengiz
Forensic Toxicology, Institutes of Forensic Sciences, Istanbul
University, Istanbul, Turkey
P 14-7
09:00-10:30
THE USE OF CONFOCAL SCANNING LASER
MICROSCOPY IN THREE-DIMENSIONAL MARKS
EXAMINATION
Huan Jiang, Lihong Chen
Criminal Investigation, Jilin Police College, Changchun, China
P 14-8
09:00-10:30
AMINO MAGNETIC BEADS-INVESTIGATION OF GC-MS
ANALYTIC METHOD
Yan Zhong, Xiaoyu Xu, Wenlin Xie, Yuhang Xu
Investigation Department, Jilin Police College, Changchun, Jilin
Province, China
P 14-9
09:00-10:30
THE RECOVERY OF FOOTWEAR MARKS FROM THE
INSIDE OF CLOTHING
Michael Gorn
Forensic Services Unit, Sarasota Co. Sheriff's Office, Sarasota,
United States
P 14-11
09:00-10:30
(IFG)
Ritsuko Sugita1, Laurance Donnelly2
Third Department of Forensic Science, National Research
Institute of Police Science, Kashiwa, Japan; 2Chair, IUGS-IFG,
Wardell Armstrong International, Greater Manchester, United
Kingdom
1
P 14-13
09:00-10:30
TEXTILE FIBRE POPULATIONS ON WINDOW FRAMES:
CAN WE USE USB MICROSCOPES FOR FIBRES
SCREENING AT SCENES?
Claire Gwinnett, Alun Thomas
Forensic and Crime Science Department, Staffordshire University,
Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom
P 14-15
09:00-10:30
SOLUTION CALIBRATION METHOD USING LA-ICP-MS
FOR METALLIC MATERIALS
Sang-Cheol Heo, Kiwook Kim, Ji-Sook Min, Geum Mun Nam,
Myung Duck Kim
Chemical analysis division, National Forensic Service, Wonju-si,
Korea (South)
P 14-16
09:00-10:30
RAPID ON-SITE FORENSIC ANALYSIS OF EXPLOSIVES
AND NARCOTICS
Ruth Griffin1, Peter Edwards2, Aidan Quinn3, Jonathan
Middleton4, Amy Mayes5, Paul Webster6, Marcel Mayor7,
Osmo Anttalainen1
Historical cases, FSNI, Carrickfergus, United Kingdom;
Technical Director, Microsaic Systems, Surrey, United Kingdom;
3
Coordinator, Tyndall Institute, Cork, Ireland; 4EU team, PSNI,
Belfast, United Kingdom; 5Microchemistry, FSNI, Carrickfergus,
United Kingdom; 6Explosives, FSNI, Carrickfergus, United
Kingdom; 7Professor, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; 8Vice
President Technology, Environics OY, Mikkeli, Switzerland
1
2
P 14-17
09:00-10:30
PREPARATION OF PALLADIUM-GRAPHENE
NANOCOMPOSITES AND PHOTOCATALYTIC
DEGRADATION OF VARIOUS ORGANIC DYES
Jae Jin Kim, Weon Bae Ko
ORGANIC COMPOSITION PROFILES OF WET WIPES IN
TURKEY
Zeynep Turkmen, Selda Mercan, Sevcan Semen, Tarkan Barut,
Murat Yayla, Salih Cengiz
Department of Chemistry, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Korea
(South)
Istanbul University, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Forensic
Toxicology, Istanbul, Turkey
PHYSICAL PROFILING OF AMPHETAMINE TYPE
STIMULANTS (ATS) TABLETS SEIZED IN FEDERAL
DISTRICT, BRAZIL
Katharina M Placido2, Ana F B Andrade1, Luciano Chaves
Arantes1, Eduardo D Ramalho1
P 14-12
09:00-10:30
THE INTERNATIOANL UNION OF GEOLOGICAL
SCIENCES(IUGS), INITIATIVE ON FORENSIC GEOLOGY
P 14-18
09:00-10:30
Instituto de Química, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil;
1
097
WFF2014
Criminalistics Institute, Federal District Civil Police, Brasília,
Brazil
2
P 14-19
09:00-10:30
ANALYSIS OF ETHYLENE GLYCOL IN LUBRICATING OIL
BY SPME-GC/MS THROUGH IN-FIBER DERIVATIZATION
WITH BSTFA AND CYCLOHEXANONE
Joon Bae Lee1, O Seong Kwon1, Jae Hoon You1, Shungkun
Shon1, Jin Hoon Lee1, Ki Jung Paeng2
Department of Chemistry, National Forensic Service-Daegu,
Chilgok, Gyungbuk, Korea (South); 2Department of Chemistry,
Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon, Korea (South)
1
Auditorium Lobby (3F)
09:00-10:30
POSTER PRESENTATION 15 FORENSIC PATHOLOGY (PT)
P 15-3
09:00-10:30
Yunyun Wang, Xiaowei Zhou, Haoran Li, Liang Ren, Liang Liu,
Yan Liu, Qian Liu, Sunnassee Ananda, Shaohua Zhu
Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College,
Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
09:00-10:30
09:00-10:30
VIOLENT DEATH IN A RARE PEROXISOMAL DISEASE ZELLWEGER SYNDROME
Bogdan Malinescu1, Eliza Martius2, Ana Maria Pelin3
Head of the Institution, Ilfov Medico-Legal Service, Bucharest,
Romania; 2Department of Pathology, National Institute of Legal
Medicine “Mina Minovici”, Bucharest, Romania; 3Department of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dunarea De Jos ""University, Faculty of
Medicine and Pharmacy, Galati, Romania"
1
P 15-8
09:00-10:30
SUDDEN DEATH DUE TO UNDIAGNOSED ACUTE
MYELOID LEUKEMIA: A CASE REPORT
Tao Wang, Jianhua Zhang, Zhiqiang Qin, Yijiu Chen
Department of Forensic Pathology, Institute of Forensic Science,
Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, China
P 15-9
MISSED DIAGNOSIS OF ACUTE AORTIC DISSECTION IN
LATE PREGNANCY - AN AUTOPSY CASE REPORT
P 15-4
P 15-7
09:00-10:30
DELAYED CARDIAC RUPTURE AFTER VEHICLE
ACCIDENTS: 2 CASE REPORTS
Zou Donghua, Shao Yu, Zhang Jianhua, Li Zhengdong, Liu
Ningguo, Huang Ping, Chen Yijiu
Forensic Pathology, Institute of Forensic Pathology, Ministry of
Justice, Prc, Shanghai, China
P 15-11
09:00-10:30
SUICIDE PACTS IN SRI LANKA
Kumara Senanayake
SUDDEN INFANT DEATH WITH MULTIPLE HEPATIC
GRANULOMAS AFTER BACILLUS CALMETTE-GUERIN
(BCG) VACCINATION: A CASE REPORT
Medicolegal Department, Teaching Hospital, Anuradapuraya, Sri
Lanka
Kino Hayashi, Kumiko Asakura, Tatsushige Fukunaga
P 15-12
09:00-10:30
Medical Examiner’s Office, Tokyo Medical Examiner's Office,
Tokyo, Japan
CASE REPORT- CONGENITAL DIAPHRAGMATIC HERNIA
AND PULMONARY HYPOPLASIA IN A NEWBORN
Miron Alexandru-Gheorghe
P 15-5
Calarasi, Legal Medicine Department, Calarasi, Romania
09:00-10:30
FATAL BRAIN METASTASIS OF B-CELL
LYMPHOBLASTIC LYMPHOMA MISDIAGNOSED AS
DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY: A CASE REPORT
Lin Zhang, Yijie Duan, Jingjun Xing, Yi Yang, Wenhe Li, Yiwu
Zhou
Department of Forensic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science
and Technology, Wuhan, China
P 15-6
09:00-10:30
SUDDEN MATERNAL DEATH DUE TO AORTIC
DISSECTION: A CASE REPORT
Mohd Suhani Mohd Noor, Mohammad Bahruddin, Wan Zafirah
Zamaliana Alias
Department of Forensic Medicine, Sultanah Bahiyah Hospital, Alor
Setar, Malaysia
098
P 15-13
09:00-10:30
PRIMARY INTRAVENTRICULAR HEMORRHAGE
INDUCED BY RUPTURED SMALL-SIZED BRAIN
ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATION
Qian Liu, Yijie Duan, Liang Liu
Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College,
Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
P 15-14
09:00-10:30
A FATAL CASE OF TYPHOID FEVER
Dhammika Ariyarathne1, Sanjaya Hulathduwa2
Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences,
University of Sri Jayawardenepure, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka;
2
Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences,
University of Sri Jayawardenepure, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
1
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
P 15-15
09:00-10:30
PULMONARY ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATION: A
CASE REPORT AND REVIEW OF FORENSIC ASPECTS OF
THE DISEASE
Nadire Unver Dogan1, Seda Ozbek2, Kamil Hakan Dogan3,
Ismihan Ilknur Uysal1
Department of Anatomy, Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine,
Konya, Turkey; 2Department of Radiology, Selcuk University
Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey; 3Department of Forensic
Medicine, Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
1
P 15-16
09:00-10:30
SUICIDE IN A BARREL: A CASE REPORTSUICIDE IN A
BARREL: A CASE REPORT
Erdinç Özdemir1, Safa Çelik1, Burak Furkan Çetin1, Uğur
Kayhan1, Cem Uysal1, Esat Şahin1, Fatih Yağmuur1
Department of Morgue, Council of Forensic Medicine, Istanbul,
Turkey; 2Department of Morgue, Council of Forensic Medicine,
Istanbul, Turkey; 3Department of Morgue, Council of Forensic
Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey; 4Department of Morgue, Council of
Forensic Medicine, I?stanbul, Turkey; 5Forensic Medicine, Dicle
Univercity, Diyarbakır, Turkey; 6Department of Morgue, Council
of Forensic Medicine, I?stanbul, Turkey; 7Department of Morgue,
Council of Forensic Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
1
P 15-17
09:00-10:30
Wathupitiwala, Gampaha, Sri Lanka
P 15-20
09:00-10:30
SUICIDE BY PROPANOLOL OVERDOSE
Jairo Vivas
National Group of Forensic Pathology, Instituto Nacional De
Medicina Legal Y Ciencias Forenses, Bogota, Colombia
P 15-21
09:00-10:30
MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN 23-YEAR OLD MALE
MIMICKING GASTRITIS
Panjai Woharndee
Forensic Pathology, Central Institute of Forensic Science, Bangkok,
Thailand
P 15-22
09:00-10:30
A BIZARRE SUICIDE OF A MEDICAL STUDENT
INVOLVING DISEMBOWELMENT, ATTEMPTED
HANGING AND SEVERAL STAB WOUNDS TO THE
HEART FOR HOW LONG COULD HE HAVE SURVIVED?
Eeva Siitonen, Ursula Vala
Forensic Medicine Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare,
Helsinki, Finland
P 15-23
09:00-10:30
SUDDEN DEATH FROM PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA : CASE
REPORT
Necmi Cekin1, Naciye Ozeren2
ROLE OF ETHANOL SURROGATES INTOXICATION IN
CAUSING BLEEDING IN MALLORY - WEISS SYNDROME
Vladimir Arsentyev, Albina Pavlova, Zakhar Larev
Forensic Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey; 2Adana
Reginal Center, the Council of Forensic Medicine, Ministry of
Justice, Adana, Turkey
Cathedra of Pathophysiology, Common Pathology with Course
of Forensic Medicine, Chuvash State University Named after I.
Ulyanov, Cheboksary, Russian Federation
P 15-18
P 15-25
1
09:00-10:30
SYSTEMIC EMBOLISM DUE TO LIVER HYDATIC CYST:
CASE REPORT
Sultan Pehlivan1, Ramazan Akcan2, Bahri Melih Unal3, Mehtap
Yondem3, Ali Pehlivan1
Pathology, Council of Forensic Medicine, Ankara, Turkey;
Forensic Medicine, Hacettepe University Medical Faculty,
Ankara, Turkey; 3Forensic Medicine, Council of Forensic Medicine,
Ankara, Turkey; 4Microbiology, Ankara Training and Research
Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
1
2
P 15-19
09:00-10:30
SUDDEN DEATH OF A MIDDLE AGED MAN WITH AN
ARTIFICIAL VAGINA IN-SITU
Sriyantha Amararatne1, Muditha Vidanapathirana2, Thanuja
Sumanasekara3
Department of Forensic Pathology, Institute of Legal Medicine &
Toxicilogy, Colombo, Sri Lanka; 2Department of Forensic Medicine,
Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura,
Colombo, Sri Lanka; 3Department of Radiology, Base Hospital,
1
09:00-10:30
HOW DOES A "TOOTHPICK" CAUSE FATAL CERVICAL
CELLULITIS?
Cesar Santos2, Rosa Gouveia2, Duarte Vieira1
Centre of Forensic Sciences (CENCIFOR), Faculty of Medicine
of the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal;
2
Portuguese National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic
Sciences (INMLCF, I.P.), Ministry of Justice, Coimbra, Portugal
1
P 15-26
09:00-10:30
LYELL SYNDROME: JEOPARDY IN MEDICAL
PRESCRIPTION
Teresa Salero1, Rosa Gouveia1, Duarte Vieira2
Center Branch of the National Institute of Legal Medicine and
Forensic Sciences (INMLCF, I.P.), Ministry of Justice, Coimbra,
Portugal; 2Centre of Forensic Sciences (CENCIFOR), Faculty of
Medicine of the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
1
P 15-27
09:00-10:30
MURDER OR SUICIDE: HANGING CASE WITH VIDEO
099
WFF2014
RECORD
A CASE REPORT
Berna Durmus
1
Department of morgue, Council of Forensic Me dicine, İstanbul,
Turkey, Turkey
1
P 15-28
09:00-10:30
AN RARE CASE OF DROWNING WITH SUDDEN
DEATH AFTER RETRIEVING FROM AN EPISODE
OF SUBMERSION/IMMERSION WITH FULL
CONSCIOUSNESS
Ji Zhang, Hongmeidong Dong, Liang Liu, Jiao Mu
Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College of
Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
P 15-30
09:00-10:30
DORSAL PAIN DURING THE FINAL PERIOD OF YOUNGAGE PREGNANCY: WHAT COULD BE THE REASON?
(CASE REPORT)
Yusuf Ozer1, Safa Celik1, Husrev Demirel1, Durmus Kumru1,
Kazım Besirli1, Onder Sahin1
Department of Morgue, Council of Forensic Medicine,
Istanbul, Turkey; 2Department of Morgue, Council of Forensic
Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey; 3Department of Morgue, Council of
Forensic Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey; 4Department of Morgue,
Council of Forensic Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey; 5Department of
Cardiovascular Surgery, - Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul
University, Istanbul, Turkey; 6Department of Pathology, Istanbul
Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
1
P 15-31
09:00-10:30
Sultan Pehlivan1, Ramazan Akcan2, Mehmet Cavlak3, Ali
Pehlivan4
Department of Pathology, Council of Forensic Medicine,
Ankara, Turkey; 2Department of Forensic Medicine, Hacettepe
University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey; 3Department of
Forensic Medicine, Council of Forensic Medicine, Ankara, Turkey;
4
Department of Microbiology, Ankara Training and Research
Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
1
P 15-34
09:00-10:30
ATYPICAL LOCATION OF RIGHT ATRIAL MYXOMA: A
CASE REPORT
Sultan Pehlivan1, Ramazan Akcan2, Asude Gökmen3, Mehtap
Yöndem3
Department of Pathology, Coucil of Forensic Medicine, Ankara,
Turkey; 2Department of Forensic Medicine, Hacettepe University
Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey; 3Department of Forensic
Medicine, Council of Forensic Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
1
P 15-35
09:00-10:30
DEATH BY SUBDURAL HEMATOMA WITH METASTATIC
CARCINOMA OF UNKNOWN ORIGIN: AN AUTOPSY
CASE REPORT
Jong Hyeok Park
Division of Forensic Medicine, Busan Institute, National Forensic
Service, Yangsan-si, Gyoungsangnam-do, Korea (South)
P 15-36
09:00-10:30
DEATH BY HOMICIDAL SMOTHERING USING HOT
STEAM TOWEL: A CASE REPORT
A MATERNAL DEATH DUE TO VIRAL SEPSIS
Jong Hyeok Park
Sriyantha Amararatne1, Muditha Vidanapathirana2, Thanuja
Sumanasekara3, Ajith Tennakoon4
Division of Forensic Medicine, Busan Institute, National Forensic
Service, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea (South)
Department of Forensic Medicine, Institute of Legal Medicine
and Toxicology, Colombo, Sri Lanka; 2Department of Forensic
Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri
Jayewardenepura, Colombo, Sri Lanka; 3Department of Radiology,
Base Hospital, Wathupitiwala, Gampaha, Sri Lanka; 4Department
of Forensic Medicine, Institute of Legal Medicine and Toxicology,
Colombo, Sri Lanka
1
P 15-32
09:00-10:30
P 15-37
09:00-10:30
A CASE OF SUDDEN DEATH CAUSED BY PRIMARY
FIBROSARCOMA OF HEART WITH CONSEQUENT
RUPTURE CARDIAC WALL
Anirut Worawat
Forensic Medicine, Prapokklao Hospital, Chanthaburi, Thailand
P 15-38
09:00-10:30
FATAL BODY PACKING: SIMILAR MODUS OPERANDI,
DIFFERENT CAUSES OF DEATH
A RARE CASE OF METHANOL INDUCED BASAL
GANGLIA HEMORRHAGE
Hafizam Hasmi, Yuhanis Ngah
Hyungseok Kim1, Joo-Young Na2, Young-Jik Lee3, Jong-Tae
Park1
National Institute of Forensic Medicine, Hospital Kuala Lumpur,
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
P 15-33
09:00-10:30
IDIOPATHIC GIANT CELL MYOCARDITIS IN CHILDHOOD:
100
Department of Forensic Medicine, Chonnam National University
Medical School, Gwangju, Korea (South); 2Forensic Medicine
Division, NFS, Jangseong, Korea (South); 3Department of
Pathology, Saint Carollo Hospital, SunCheon, Korea (South)
1
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
P 15-39
09:00-10:30
VIDEO RETRIEVAL
CASE REPORT OF DEATH DUE TO RARE CONGENITAL
AORTIC ARCH ANOMALIES WITH SEVERE
INTERSTITIAL PNEUMONIA
Lvzi Xu, Zhou Lv, Yu Xing, Lihua Wan
Lei Wang, Daguo Shan
Forensic medicine, Basic medical sciences, Chongqing, China
P 16-6
P 15-40
IDENTITY THEFT: DECODING DATA FROM SKIMMING
DEVICES IN AUTOMATIC TELLER MACHINES
09:00-10:30
HETEROTAXY SYNDROME : A CASE REPORT AND
LITERATURE REVIEW
Pacharaporn Pramualpim1, Amporn Chamsuwan2
Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj
Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; 2Department of
Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University,
Khon Kaen, Thailand
Forensic Science Technology, China Criminal Police University,
Shenyang, China
11:00-12:30
Gustavo Parma, Amilton Junior
Setec Mg, Federal Police Department at Minas Gerais, Belo
Horizonte, Brazil
1
P 15-41
09:00-10:30
CHARACTERISTICS OF SUICIDE BY BLUNT HEAD
TRAUMA
Hyejin Park1, Bongwoo Lee1, Connie Yoon2
Forensic Medicine, NFS, SEOUL, Korea (South); 2College of
Dentistry, NYU, New York, United States
1
P 16-7
11:00-12:30
ESTIMATING MORE ACCURATE TIMES OF SUSPECT
ACTIONS
Joshua James
Graduate School of Forensic Science, Soonchunhyang University,
Asan, Korea (South)
P 16-9
11:00-12:30
SOLAR SHADOW PERSPECTIVE AND ITS APPLICATION
TO IMAGE FORGERY DETECTION
Chuntao Chen1, Bugen Huang2
Auditorium Lobby (3F)
11:00-12:30
POSTER PRESENTATION 16 CYBER FORENSIC / DIGITAL AND MULTIMEDIA
SCIENCE (CF/DMS)
P 16-1
11:00-12:30
A REAL CASE OF PEDOPHILIA UNRAVELED BY
COMPUTER FORENSIC TECHNIQUES
Pedro Eleuterio
Forensics Department, Brazilian Federal Police, Campo Grande/
ms, Brazil
P 16-2
11:00-12:30
AUTOMATIC DETECTION OF TEXT DOCUMENT IMAGES
IN COMPUTER FORENSICS EXAMS
Mateus Polastro, Pedro Eleuterio
Forensic Science and Technology, Jiangsu Police Institute,
Nanjing, China; 2Computer Science and Technology, Jiangsu
Police Institute, Nanjing, China
1
P 16-13
Zhou Chunbing
Department of Forensic Science & Technology, National Police
University of China, Shenyang, China
P 16-15
Li Yan, Shi Shaopei, Lu Qimeng, Zeng Jinhua
Criminalistics, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice,
Shanghai, China
P 16-16
P 16-3
Li Yan, Shi Shaopei, Lu Qimeng, Zeng Jinhua
USAGE OF A TRIAGE SYSTEM FOR LARGE VOLUME OF
DATA IN COMPUTER FORENSICS
Mateus Polastro
Forensics Department, Brazilian Federal Police, Campo Grande/
ms, Brazil
P 16-4
11:00-12:30
THE APPLICATION OF BACKGROUND SUBTRACTION IN
11:00-12:30
FORENSIC ANALYSIS OF DATABASE LOGS
Forensics Department, Brazilian Federal Police, Campo Grande/
ms, Brazil
11:00-12:30
11:00-12:30
A SURVEILLANCE IMAGES DE-NOISING METHOD
BASED ON SINGULAR VALUE DECOMPOSITION
11:00-12:30
STUDY ON TRACES OF COMPUTER USER’S BEHAVIORS
Criminalistics, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice,
Shanghai, China
P 16-17
11:00-12:30
A CASE RELATED TO THE RECOVERY OF SURVEILLANCE
VIDEOS
Qimeng Lu, Shaopei Shi, Yan Li, Jinhua Zeng
Criminalistics, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Pr
101
WFF2014
P 16-38
China, Shang Hai, China
P 16-22
11:00-12:30
AUTOMATIC SPEAKER RECOGNITION WITH
MULTILINGUAL SPEAKERS
Kyung-Wha Kim
11:00-12:30
METHOD OF CAMERA IDENTIFICATION THROUGH
ANALYSIS OF LENS DISTORTION CORRECTION
Dong-Min Kim, Sung-Bin Youn
Forensic Science Division, Supreme Procecution Service, Seoul,
Korea (South)
P 16-25
11:00-12:30
IMAGE ENHANCEMENT BY MULTI-FRAME SUPERRESOLUTION OF AN OBJECT IMAGE WITH THE
CHANGES IN SIZE AND POSITION
Kenji Kurosawa, Ken’ichi Tsuchiya, Kenro Kuroki, Norimitsu
Akiba
Physics Section, National Research Institute of Police Science,
Kashiwa, Japan
P 16-26
Department of Computer Science, The University of Hong
Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong; 2Department of Optoelectronic
Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; 3School of
computer science and technology, Harbin Institute of Technology,
Harbin, China; 4Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of
Technology, Shenzhen, China; 5Department of Computer Science,
Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
1
Forensic Science Division, Supreme Prosecution Service, Seoul,
Korea (South)
P 16-24
11:00-12:30
APPLYING SMART PHONE'S LOCATION TRACKING
FUNCTION TO FORENSIC SCIENCE
Junseok Byun, Gihyun Na, Kyusun Shim, Joong Lee
P 16-39
11:00-12:30
THE QUALITY EVALUATION MODEL OF OPEN SOURCE
CYBER FORENSIC TOOLS
Dong Yun Lee
Student, The Graduate School of Software, Soongsil University,
Seoul, Korea (South)
P 16-35
11:00-12:30
ROBUST STEREO MATCHING FOR 3D FACE
RECONSTRUCTION
Tae Hyun Kim, Kyoung Mu Lee
Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University,
Seoul, Korea (South)
P 16-36
11:00-12:30
METHODS TO DETECT TAMPERED DIGITAL IMAGES
BASED ON STATISTICS
Yong Wang, Fuyao Wang
Forensic Science Technology, China Criminal Police University,
Shenyang, China
102
11:00-12:30
FORENSIC AUTHENTICITY ANALYSIS OF AUDIO
EVIDENCES STORED IN MP3 FILE FORMAT
Alexander Boyarov1, Ivan Siparov1
Forensic Examination Centre, Forensic Video and Audio Lab,
Ministry of Justice, Moscow, Russian Federation; 2Speech
Technology Lab, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don,
Russian Federation
1
P 16-41
11:00-12:30
RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY PERSISTENCE, WHEN
DOES IT GO AWAY!
Walter Hart
Digital Forensic Examiner, Walter Hart Aero, San Francisco, United
States
Digital Technology & Biometry Division, National Forensic Service,
Wonju, Gangwon-Do, Korea (South)
P 16-34
11:00-12:30
FRAGMENTED JPEG FILESFILE CARVING – A MORE
ROBUST APPROACH
Yanbin Tang1, Junbin Fang2, Zoe L. Jiang4, S. M. Yiu1, K. P.
Chow1, Xiamu Niu3, Qi Han3, Xianyan Wu3, Jun Xu3, Bo Feng5
Auditorium Lobby (3F)
11:00-12:30
POSTER PRESENTATION 17 FORENSIC PATHOLOGY (PT)
P 17-1
11:00-12:30
LEFT VENTRICULAR NONCOMPACTION OF THE
MYOCARDIUM AT FORENSIC AUTOPSY
Fumiko Satoh1, Toshihiko Nakamura1, Kino Hayashi1, Eriko
Ochiai1, Motoki Osawa1
Department of Forensic Medicine, Tokai University School of
Medicine, Isehara, Japan; 2Tokyo Medical Examiner’s Office,
Bureau of Social Welfare and Public Health, Otsuka, Tokyo, Japan
1
P 17-2
11:00-12:30
ACCIDENT OR HOMICIDE? - YOUR IMPRESSION MIGHT
NOT BE CORRECT
Yulai Wang
Department of Coroner, Los Angeles Medical Examiner-Coroner,
Los Angeles, California, United States
P 17-3
ISOLATED UNILATERAL TRAUMATIC
11:00-12:30
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
INTRACEREBELLAR HAEMORRHAGE - REALLY?
P 17-10
Philip Beh
DEFENSE INJURIES; A GUIDE FOR INVESTIGATORS
Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong
Kong, Hong Kong
Nirmala Perera1, Paranirubasingam Paranitharan2, Sanjaya
Hulathduwa3
11:00-12:30
Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ragama,
Sri Lanka; 2Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine,
Ragama, Sri Lanka; 3Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of
Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayawardenepure, Sri Lanka
1
P 17-4
11:00-12:30
HANGING-RELATED COMPLETE DECAPITATIONS
Bogdan Malinescu1, Adrian Sirbu2, Costinela Georgescu3
Head of the Institution, Ilfov Medico-Legal Service, Bucharest,
Romania; 2Department of Forensic Pathology, National Institute
of Legal Medicine “Mina Minovici”, Bucharest, Romania;
3
Department of Public Health, Dunarea De Jos "University, Faculty
of Medicine and Pharmacy, Galati, Romania"
1
P 17-5
11:00-12:30
SUICIDAL STRANGULATION BY LIGATURE: A CASE
REPORT
Andres Rodriguez Zorro
Department of Forensic Pathology, National Institute of Legal
Medicine and Forensic Sciences, Bogota, Colombia
P 17-6
11:00-12:30
SKULL HAVING MULTIPLE FRACTURES; ACTIVE HIT OR
SHOOTING?
Camelia Liana Buhas, Gabriel Mihalache, Claudia Pusta
Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Oradea, Faculty of
Medicine and Pharmacy, Oradea, Romania
P 17-7
11:00-12:30
UNEXPECTED DISCOVERIES IN FORENSIC AUTHOPSIES
Martina Pintea1, Bogdan Adrian Buhas1, Gabriel Mihalache2,
Camelia Liana Buhas2
Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj
Napoca, Romania; 2Department of Forensic Medicine, University
of Oradea, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Oradea, Romania
1
P 17-8
11:00-12:30
KAROSHI RELATED TO LABOR INTENSITY AND RISK OF
CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS: A CASE REPORT
Ningguo Liu, Ping Huang, Zhiqiang Qin, Jianhua Zhang, Yijiu
Chen
P 17-11
Pia Wahlsten1, Stina Ahlstrom2, Pekka Saukko2, Hannu Kalimo2
Forensic Medicine Unit, National Institute for Health and
Welfare, Turku, Finland; 2Department of Forensic Pathology,
University of Turku, Turku, Finland
1
P 17-12
Haneil Dsouza1, Prashantha Bhagvath1, Francis Monteiro2, G
Pradeep Kumar1
Forensic Medicine, Kasturba Medical College-Manipal, Manipal
University, Manipal, India; 2Forensic Medicine, A J Institute of
Medical Sciences, Mangalore, India
1
P 17-13
Christopher Milroy, Bibianna Purgina
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University
of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
P 17-14
11:00-12:30
ARTEFACTUAL INCISED WOUNDS CAUSED BY POSTMORTEM PREDATION FROM MONITOR LIZARDS;
A COMMON SCENARIO IN SRI LANKAN DEATH
INVESTIGATIONS
Sameera Gunawardena
Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University
of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
P 17-9
CARDIAC ANEURYSM - A NATURE'S WAY OF
CORRECTION
Jiao Mu, Ji Zhang, Zhenglian Chen, Shaohua Zhu, Hongmei
Dong
11:00-12:30
LETHAL RUPTURE OF A TRAUMATIC ANEURYSM OF THE
LEFT POSTERIOR INFERIOR CEREBELLAR ARTERY
P 17-15
HOMICIDAL COMMOTIO CORDIS CAUSED BY INTIMATE
PARTNER VIOLENCE
11:00-12:30
SURVIVAL PERIOD AND SEEMINGLY FATAL INJURIES; A
CASE REPORT
Forensic Pathology, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of
Justice, Shanghai, China
11:00-12:30
11:00-12:30
LETHAL HEAD INJURY – ACCIDENTAL FALL FROM A
CAR OR ASSAULT? A CASE REPORT AND REVIEW OF
THE LITERATURE
11:00-12:30
Pradeep Gouda, Shankar Bakkannavar
Dept. of Forensic Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal
University, Manipal, India
Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College of
Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
103
WFF2014
Auditorium Lobby (3F)
14:00-15:30
POSTER PRESENTATION 18 CLINICAL FORENSIC MEDICINE (CFM) (TBC 2)
P 18-01
14:00-15:30
EVALUATION OF S100B PROTEIN AND SEROTONIN
LEVELS IN CEREBROSPINAL FLUID AS SUICIDE
BIOMARKERS
Kamil Hakan Dogan1, Mustafa Unaldi2, Serafettin Demirci3
P 18-07
14:00-15:30
THE EFFECTS OF NIMODIPINE ON DIFFUSE AXONAL
INJURY IN RAT MODEL
Jiao Mu, Ji Zhang, Zhenglian Chen, Shaohua Zhu, Hongmei
Dong
Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College of
Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
P 18-08
14:00-15:30
Department of Forensic Medicine, Selcuk Universtiy Faculty of
Medicine, Konya, Turkey; 2Department of Biochemistry, Turkish
Red Crescent Association, Private Ticaret Borsasi Hospital, Konya,
Turkey; 3Department of Forensic Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan
University Meram Medical School, Konya, Turkey
TISSUE MICROARRAY QUALIFYING EXHUMED HUMAN
BONES: LOW COST COMBINED WITH EFFICIENT
SCREENING AIMING AT HUMAN IDENTIFICATION
P 18-02
Department of Pathology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao
Paulo, Brazil
1
14:00-15:30
CLASSIFICATION OF CONTRACTION BANDS USING
IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY
Satomu Morita, Satoshi Furukawa, Masahito Hitosugi, Katsuji
Nishi
Legal Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
P 18-03
14:00-15:30
CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY STUDIES OF PIG HEART
Wan Lei
Forensic Medicine, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of
Justice, Shanghai, China
P 18-04
14:00-15:30
PRELIMINARY STUDY FOR VALIDATION OF VIRTUAL
AUTOPSY: EXPERIENCE OF FACULTY OF MEDICINE
RAMATHIBODI HOSPITAL
Wisarn Worasuwannarak1, Rathachai Kaewlai2, Banjongsak
Wedsart2, Vichan Peonim1, Jitta Udnoon1, Smith Srisont1
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi
Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; 2Department of
Radiology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol
University, Bangkok, Thailand
1
P 18-05
14:00-15:30
ORGANS RECOVERY FROM PATIENTS IN BRAIN DEATH;
FORENSIC ASPECTS
Gabriel Mihalache1, Camelia Liana Buhas1, Alexandru Miron2
Edna Sadayo Miazato Iwamura, Rafael Barrios Mello, Carolina
Mautoni, Rafael Dias Astolphi, Maria Regina Regis Silva,
Maria Teresa Seixas Alves
P 18-10
14:00-15:30
DETERMINING THE SOURCE OF HAEMORRHAGE IN
TRAUMATIC BASAL SUBARACHNOID HAEMORRHAGE
Cherry Pun, Beng Ong, Brittany Wong, Nathan Milne
Forensic and Scientific Services, Queensland Health, Brisbane,
Australia
P 18-12
14:00-15:30
A RETROSPECTIVE COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF ROAD
TRAFFIC ACCIDENT RELATED DEATHS IN RELATION TO
PREVENTABLE AND NON-PREVENTABLE CAUSES IN
PENANG ISLAND, MALAYSIA (2013)
Chandroth Navin Pankajakshan, Abd Mustaqim Abd Isham,
Zahari Noor, Mohd Hadafi
Department of Forensic Medicine, Penang General Hospital,
Penang, Malaysia
P 18-13
14:00-15:30
TISSUE-DEPENDENT VEGF AND GLUT1 INDUCTION
IN A RAT HEMORRHAGE MODEL: WITH REGARD
TO DIAGNOSTIC APPLICATION OF MRNA
QUANTIFICATION IN FORENSIC PATHOLOGY
Dong Zhao1, Maeda Hitoshi2
Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Oradea, Faculty
of Medicine and Pharmacy, Oradea, Romania; 2County Department
of, Forensic Medicine, Calarasi, Romania
Collaborative Innovation Center of Judicial Civilization, China;
Key Laboratory of Evidence Science (China University of Political
Science and Law), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China;
2
Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical
School, Osaka, Japan
P 18-06
P 18-14
1
14:00-15:30
FIREARM FATALITIES IN CHILDHOOD: 8 YEARS REVIEW
Ahmet Hilal, Necmi Cekin, Kenan Kaya, Burak Celik, Mete
Gulmen
Forensic Medicine, Cukurova Universty, Adana, Turkey
104
1
14:00-15:30
USE OF IMAGING EXAMS IN FIGHTING CRIMES
RELATED TO FRAUD IN FOOD
Antonio Santos Filho1, Fernanda Tavares1, Rogeria Serakides2,
Juneo Silva2, Rodrigo Mayrink1, Natalia Ocarina2
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
Federal Police Department of Brazil, Forensic Service, Belo
Horizonte, Brazil; 2Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de
Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
1
P 18-15
R&D center, Elsoltec, Yongin, Korea (South); 2, National Forensic
Service, Wonju, Korea (South); 3Department of radiology,
Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
(South)
1
14:00-15:30
UTILITY OF X-RAY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (CT) AS
A POSTMORTEM TOOL FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF BLUNT
FORCE HEAD INJURIES
Brad Cushnyr3, Sarah Lathrop2, Gary Hatch1, Chandra Gerrard1,
Jamie Elifritz3, Sam Andrews2, Ian Paul2, Janet Price2, Ross
Zumwalt2, Kurt Nolte1
P 18-20
Department of Pathology and Radiology Center for Forensic
Imaging, University of New Mexico School of Medicine,
Albuquerque, NM, USA; 2Department of Pathology, University
of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA;
3
Department of Radiology, University of New Mexico School
of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA; 4Private Consultant,
Abbreviated Injury Scale Coder, Waco, TX, USA
1
1
P 18-16
14:00-15:30
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CAUSE OF DEATH
AND HOMICIDE IN FORENSIC DEPARTMENT OF DR
SARDJITO HOSPITAL YOGYAKARTA
Kenny Tee Tang Long, Yudha Nurhantari, Beta Ahlam Gizela,
Hendro Widagdo
Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Gadjah Mada University/
Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
P 18-17
Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Copenhagen,
Copenhagen, Denmark; 2Department of Forensic Medicine,
University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; 3Department
of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
1
14:00-15:30
THE USEFULNESS OF CONNEXIN43 EXPRESSION IN
THE MYOCARDIUM AS AN ISCHEMIC MARKER IN
FORENSIC AUTOPSY
Gi Yeong Huh, Jae Woo Ahn
Department of Forensic Medicine, Pusan National University
School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea (South)
P 18-19
R. Carbelleira1, Manel Leira2, Maria Del Carmen LopezRodriguez3, Duarte N Vieira4, Maria Sol Rodriguez-Calvo1, 5,
Jose Ignacio Munoz-Barus1, 5
Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Santiago de
Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; 2Faculty of Sciences,
University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal; 3Department of Botany,
Faculty of Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela,
Santiago de Compostela, Spain; 4Faculty of Medicine, Unversity
of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; 5Department of Pathology and
Forensic Sciences, Unversity of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago
de Compostela, Spain
P 18-21
14:00-15:30
METHODS FOR IMPROVING RATE OF MEDICOLEGAL
AUTOPSY IN MAKKAH PROVINCE
Mamdouh K. Zaki1, Ashraf A. Moulana1
Senior Specialist of Forensic Medicine, Forensic Medicine Center,
Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; 2Consultant of Forensic Medicine, Forensic
Medicine Center, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
1
14:00-15:30
INVESTIGATION OF MARKERS FOR SUDDEN DEATH IN
MENTALLY ILL PERSONS - THE SURVIVE STUDY
Martin Rune Christensen1, Alexandra Gheorghe1, Anne Bugge2,
Christian Bjerre Høyer2, Christina Jacobsen1, Niels Lynnerup1,
Lene Warner Thorup Boel3, Gyda Lolk Ottesen1, Jørgen Lange
Thomsen2, Jytte Banner1
P 18-18
14:00-15:30
THE DIATOM TEST-HUNDRED YEARS' WAR IN LEGAL
MEDICINE
14:00-15:30
INVESTIGATION OF BREAKING CONDITION OF A BEER
BOTTLE BY USING FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS
Choenryul Choi1, Chansung Park2, Jang Gyu Cha3, Sungho Kim2,
Kyungmoo Yang2, Hanyoung Lee2
Auditorium Lobby (3F)
14:00-15:30
POSTER PRESENTATION 19 FORENSIC PSYCHIATRY / BEHAVIORAL
SCIENCE (PBS)
P 19-01
14:00-15:30
ASPHYXIAL DEATHS USING PLASTIC BAG IN KOREA
Sungkook Jung1, Hyo-Jung Lee1
Scientific Investigation Division, Seoul Metropolitan Police
Agency, Seoul, Korea (South); 2Department of Statistics, Korea
University, Seoul, Korea (South)
1
P 19-02
14:00-15:30
IS TOXOPLASMA GONDII A RISK FACTOR FOR SUICIDE?
Ali Eren1, Cem Zeren2, Adnan Celikel2, Erhan Yengil3, Berna
Hamamcı4, Hanifi Kokocya5
Adana Branch of, The Council of Forensic Medicine, Adana,
Turkey; 2Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine,
Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey; 3Department of Family
Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay,
Turkey; 4Hatay Vocational School of Health Service, Mustafa
Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey; 5Department of Psychiatry,
Faculty of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
1
105
WFF2014
P 19-03
14:00-15:30
INTELLECTUAL IMPAIRMENT ASSESSMENT OF
PATIENTS WITH MILD PSYCHIATRIC IMPAIRMENT DUE
TO ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENT
Tao Tang
Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Institute of Forensic Science,
Ministry of Justice, P.r.china, Shanghai, China
P 19-04
14:00-15:30
THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN COMT VAL158MET,
TPH1 A218C, TPH2 G-703T, HTR1B G861C GENE
POLYMORPHISMS AND COMORBIDITY OF DRUG
ABUSE/DEPENDENCE AND CONDUCT DISORDER IN
CHINESE ADOLESCENT MALE DELINQUENTS
Chen Chen1, Wei-Xiong Cai1, Xiao-Ping Wang2
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Institute of
Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, China; 2Forensic
Psychiatry, Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya
Hospital, Hunan, China
1
P 19-05
14:00-15:30
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HANDWRITING
FEATURES AND TREATMENT OUTCOMES AMONG
SCHIZOPHRENIA WITH AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR
Wei-Xiong Cai, Chun-Yan Li
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Institute of
Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, China
P 19-06
14:00-15:30
COMMON FACTS ON NON GUILTY BY REASON OF
INSANITY: SIX HOMICIDE CASES IN HATAY TURKEY
Ibrahim Ortanca, Cem Zeren, Sumeyra Demirkiran, Adnan
Celikel, Cem Zeren, M.mustafa Arslan
Forensic Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
P 19-07
14:00-15:30
POSTMORTEM TOTAL OXIDANT STATUS (TOS) AND
TOTAL ANTIOXIDANT STATUS (TAS) ANALYZES OF
SUICIDE CASES
Hanifi Kokocya1, Adnan Celikel2, Cem Zeren2, Musa Sahpolat1
Department of Psychiatry, Mustafa Kemal University, Medical
Faculty, Hatay, Turkey; 2Forensic Medicine, Mustafa Kemal
University, Medical Faculty, Hatay, Turkey
1
P 19-09
14:00-15:30
CONTRASTING SEX OFFENDER POLICIES OF
COUNTRIES WHERE APPLIED CONTAINMENT THEORY
AND THE PROPOSAL FOR IT'S INTRODUCTION TO
KOREA
Hyungki Ji, Sunhyun Han, Heesong Kim, Hyeongi Hong,
Kipyoung Kim
Psychological Forensics Division, National Forensic Service,
Wonju, Korea (South)
P 19-10
14:00-15:30
THE DEVELOPMENT OF PENILE PLETHYSMOGRAPHY
TO MEASURE SEXUAL INTEREST AND VERIFY
EFFICIENCY OF TREATMENT FOR SEXUAL OFFENDERS
Kipyoung Kim, Minkyoung Yu, Heesong Kim, Hyungki Ji,
Hyoengi Hong
Psychological Forensics Division, National Forensic Service,
Wonju, Korea (South)
P 19-11
14:00-15:30
ANALYSIS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT AMONG
VICTIMS AND ASSAILANTS FOLLOWING ALLEGED
SEXUAL ASSAULT IN SRI LANKA
Amal Vadysinghe1, Pavithra Dayaratne1, Prasanna
Dasanayake2, Prabath Senasinghe3
Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Peradeniya,
Peradeniya, Sri Lanka; 2Consultant Judicial Medical Officer, Base
Hospital, Panadura, Sri Lanka; 3Consultant Judicial Medical
Officer, Teaching Hospital, Kandy, Sri Lanka
1
P 19-12
14:00-15:30
POLYGRAPH ON MACHIAVELLIAN'S INFORMATION
LEAKAGE
Heesong Kim1, Hyeongi Hong1, Myoungho Hyun2
Psychological Forensics Division, National Forensic Service,
Wonju, Korea (South); 2Department of Psychology, Chung-Ang
Univ., Seoul, Korea (South)
1
P 19-13
14:00-15:30
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH POST-TRAUMATIC
STRESS DISORDER (PTSD) IN CASES OF SEXUAL
ASSAULT
Adnan Celikel1, D.sumeyra Demirkıran1, Sait Ozsoy2, Cem
Zeren1, M.mustafa Arslan1
Forensic Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey;
Forensic Medicine, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara,
Turkey
1
P 19-08
14:00-15:30
THE USE OF THE FMRI IN THE FIELD OF FORENSIC
PSYCHOLOGY
Hyoengi Hong, Jingyeong Kim, Heesong Kim, Hyungki Ji,
Kipyoung Kim
Psychological Forensic, National Forensic Service, Wonju, Korea
(South)
106
2
P 19-14
14:00-15:30
FORENSIC MEDICINE EVALUATION OF ALZHEIMER'S
PATIENTS: A SERIES FROM ANKARA, TURKEY *
Mehmet Cavlak1, Ramazan Akcan2, Ali Rıza Tumer2, Aysun
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
Balseven Odabası2, Aykut Lale2, Mahmut Serif Yildirim2, Eyup
Rusen Heybet2
Istanbul, Turkey; 2Child Psychiatry, Baskent University Faculty of
Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
Forensic Medicine, Council of Forensic Medicine, Ankara, Turkey;
Forensic Medicine, Hacettepe University Medical Faculty,
Ankara, Turkey
P 19-22
1
2
P 19-15
14:00-15:30
A STUDY ON ASSESSMENT METHOD OF EYEWITNESS
MEMORY ACCURACY BASED ON P300
Kenusoo Ham, Nawon Bae, Chuyun Pyo, Sunghee Ro
Criminal Psychology, National Forensic Service, Wonju, Korea
(South)
P 19-16
14:00-15:30
RELATIONSHIP OF CHILDHOOD ABUSE ON THE
FORMATION OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY
PSYCHOPATHY
Hong Hyeongi1, Kim Heesong1, Han Jihye2, Hyun Myoungho3
Psychological Forensic Division, National Forensic Service,
Wonju, Korea (South); 2Department of Forensic Psychology,
Kyong-Gi University, Suwon, Korea (South); 3Department of
Psychology, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea (South)
1
P 19-17
14:00-15:30
AN EXPLORATION OF EYE MOVEMENT ON PART-BASED
FACE RECOGNITION TASK
Chuyun Pyo, Jihye Kwon, Keunsoo Ham, Sunghee Ro
Forensic Psychology, National Forensic Service, Gangwon-Do,
Korea (South)
P 19-18
14:00-15:30
PROFILING IN VIOLENT CRIMES: THE PERPETRATOR
AND THE VICTIM IN PORTUGUESE CASES OF FILICIDE
Fatima Almeida, Duarte Vieira
Centre of Forensic Sciences (CENCIFOR), Faculty of Medicine of
the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
P 19-20
14:00-15:30
14:00-15:30
5 CASES OF PATERNAL INCEST VICTIMIZE ALL FAMILY
MEMBERS
Fuat Kircelli1, Alperen Bikmazer2, Harun Akkaya2, Berna
Durmus2, Nur Yalcinkaya2, Ercan Buyukakincak2
Child Psychiatry Department, Baskent University Faculty of
Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; 2Department of Sexual Crimes, The
Council Of Forensic Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
1
P 19-23
14:00-15:30
AN INCEST CASE THAT USED CONTRACEPSION BY
NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGSNSAIDS
Fuat Kircelli1, Harun Akkaya2, Kenan Karbeyaz3, Berna Durmus2,
C. Haluk Ince4
Child Pyschiatry Department, Baskent University Faculty of
Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; 2Department of Sexual Crimes, The
Council Of Forensic Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey; 3Branch Office, The
Council Of Forensic Medicine, Eskisehir, Turkey; 4Forensic Science
Department, Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul,
Turkey
1
P 19-24
14:00-15:30
FATHER-DAUGHTER INCEST CASES CONTINUING
AFTER MARIAGE
Zehra Sebnem Ergunduz Acar, Zeynep Gedik Kucuk, Tuba
Basoglu Ozgur, Harun Akkaya, Berna Durmus, Arif Garbioglu
Department of Sexual Crimes, The Council Of Forensic Medicine,
Istanbul, Turkey
P 19-25
14:00-15:30
AN ADOLESCENT WITH SUPER FEMALE AS A SEXUALLY
ABUSED VICTIM: A CASE REPORT
Fuat Kircelli1, Hizir Asliyuksek1, Alperen Bıkmazer1, Durmus
Kumru1, Harun Akkaya1, Kenan Karbeyaz1
Public Administration, Korean National Police University, Yongin,
Korea (South); 2Criminology, Korean Institute of Criminology,
Seoul, Korea (South)
Child Psychiatry Department, Baskent University Faculty of
Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; 2Forensic Medicine Institute, Istanbul
University, Istanbul, Turkey; 3Department of Sexual Crimes, The
Council Of Forensic Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey; 4Department of
Sexual Crimes, The Council Of Forensic Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey;
5
Department of Sexual Crimes, The Council Of Forensic Medicine,
Istanbul, Turkey; 6Branch Office, The Council Of Forensic Medicine,
Eskisehir, Turkey
P 19-21
P 19-26
A STUDY ON THE NONSPECIFIC MOTIVE CRIME:
OFFENDER CHARACTERISTICS AND CRIME-SCENE
BEHAVIORS
Jisun Park1, Jeongsook Yoon2, Minjung Kim2
1
14:00-15:30
THE POST-ABUSED PREGNANCY MISPERCEIVED AS
TERATOMA: A CASE REPORT
Nur Yalcinkaya1, Fuat Kırcelli2, Harun Akkaya1, Huseyin Keles1,
Alperen Bikmazer1, Berna Durmus1
Department of Sexual Crimes, The Council of Forensic Medicine,
1
1
14:00-15:30
SEXUAL ABUSE WITHIN THE SCOPE OF INTERNET
CRIME
Haluk Ince1, Cuneyt Cenger1, Atiye Sozen1, Merve Oren2,
Sadiye Bag2, Yılmaz Yazıcı2, Ayse Demirel2, Yuksel Yazıcı3,
Hulya Dogan2, Zeynep Kırdı2
107
WFF2014
Forensic Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul Medical Faculty,
Istanbul, Turkey; 2Public Health, Istanbul University, Istanbul
Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; 3Forensic Medicine, Council of
JusticeMinistry, Istanbul, Turkey
Auditorium Lobby (3F)
1
P 19-27
14:00-15:30
THE EVALUATION OF THE POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS
DISORDER (PTSD) SYMPTOMS IN SEXUAL ASSAULT
VICTIMS IN THE CONTEXT OF LEGAL PROCESSES
Haluk Ince1, Yuksel Yazici2, Suheyla Aliustaoglu2, Atiye Sozen1,
Cuneyt Cenger1, Merve Oren3, Ahmet Acar3, Yılmaz Yazici3,
Ayse Demirel3, Fuat Kırcaali4
Forensic Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul Medical Faculty,
Istanbul, Turkey; 2Forensic Medicine, Council of JusticeMinistry,
Istanbul, Turkey; 3Public Health, Istanbul University, Istanbul
Medical Faculty Department, Istanbul, Turkey; 4Child Pstchiatry,
Baskent University Medical Faculty, Adana, Turkey
1
P 19-28
POSTER PRESENTATION 20 - ILLICIT DRUGS (ID)
P 20-01
16:00-17:30
DETERMINATION OF OPIATES IN HUMAN FINGERNAIL;
COMPARISON TO HAIR
Min Shen, Hang Chen, Ping Xiang
Department of Forensic Toxicology, Institute of Forensic Science,
Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, China
P 20-02
16:00-17:30
CHIRAL SEPARATION AND QUANTIFICATION OF
METHAMPHETAMINE AND ITS METABOLITE,
AMPHETAMINE, IN URINE USING LC–MS/MS
Ping Xiang, Ting Wang
Forensic Toxicology, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Ministry of
Justice, Shanghai, China
14:00-15:30
VIOLENCE DIRECTED AGAINST THE MOTHER: A CASE
REPORT
Atiye Sozen1, Cuneyt Cenger1, Yuksel Yazıcı2, Merve Oren3,
Ahmet Acar3, Haluk Ince1
Forensic Medicine, Istanbul Univeristy Istanbul Medical Faculty,
Istanbul, Turkey; 2Forensic Medicine, Council of JusticeMinistry,
Istanbul, Turkey; 3Public Health, Istanbul Univeristy Istanbul
Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
1
P 19-29
14:00-15:30
VOLATILE SUBSTANCE ABUSE FROM EARLY AGES AND
CRIME
Atiye Sozen , Nurhan Ince , Serap Oflaz , Sevki Sozen , Zeynep
Kırdı3
1
2
3
1
Forensic Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul Medical Faculty,
Istanbul, Turkey; 2Public Health, Istanbul University, Istanbul
Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; 3Psychiatry, Istanbul University,
Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
1
P 19-30
14:00-15:30
SEXUAL CRIMES COMMITTED UNDER THE PRETEX OF
GENITAL PATHOLOGY
Mahmut Zeki Cabuk1, Selcuk Altay1, Arif Garbioglu1, Burak
Furkan Cetin1, Harun Akkaya1, Huseyin Keles1, Tarik Ulucay2
Department of Sexual Crimes, The Council Of Forensic Medicine,
Istanbul, Turkey; 2Forensic Science Department, Celal Bayar
University Faculty Of Medicine, Manisa, Turkey
1
P 19-31
14:00-15:30
THE EFFECT OF CRIME RELATED EMOTIONAL REACTION
USING THE IMAGE STIMULI IN LIE DETECTION
Jeong-Woo Ji
Scientific Investigation Lab., MND, Seoul, Korea (South)
108
16:00-17:30
P 20-03
16:00-17:30
DEVELOPMENT OF NEW KITS FOR DETECTION
OF CANNABIS AND SYNTHETIC CANNABINOIDS
CONSISTING OF NAPHTHOYLINDOLE SKELETON IN
CONFISCATED PLANTS AT CRIME SCENES
Mitokazu Kawabata1, Miho Kirihara1, Teruo Muramatsu2
Foresic Science Laboratory, Ibaraki Prefectural Police
Headquarters, Mito, Japan; 2Detector Tubes R&D Division,
Komyou Rikagaku Kogyo K. K., Kawasaki, Japan
1
P 20-05
16:00-17:30
SIMULTANEOUS ANALYSIS OF QUATERNARY
AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS USING LIQUID
CHROMATOGRAPHY-TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY
Sanghee Woo1, Hwan-Soo Yoo2, Yonghoon Park1, Suncheun
Kim3
Drug and Forensic Toxicology Division, National Forensic Service,
Wonju, Korea (South); 2College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National
University, Cheongju, Korea (South); 3Daejeon Institute, National
Forensic Service, Daejeon, Korea (South)
1
P 20-06
16:00-17:30
THE APPLICATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF
DEUTERATED INTERNAL STANDARD FOR FORENSIC
TOXICOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
Hongyan Du, Ying Dong, Zhongshan Yu
Toxicology, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public
Security, Beijing, China
P 20-07
16:00-17:30
SIMULTANEOUS ANALYSIS OF DESIGNER DRUG
METHYLENEDIOXY-PYROVALERONE AND ITS
METABOLITES BY LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHYELECTROSPRAY ION TRAP MASS SPECTROMETRY
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
Xueguo Chen, Ting Zhang
Bandian Gibe, Wendy Lim, Angeline Yap
Forensic Chemistry, National Police University of China, Shenyang,
China
Illicit Drugs Division, Health Sciences Authority, Singapore
P 20-14
P 20-08
16:00-17:30
16:00-17:30
TRENDS OF THE NEW DESIGNER DRUG SEIZURES:
DUBAI EXPERIENCE
A METHAMPHETAMINE ANALOG IDENTIFIED IN
BRANDED DIETARY SUPPLEMENT; A RESEARCH
CHEMICAL OR A NEW PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCE?
Saif Eldin A. Khalil, Khalid Al Sumaiti, Buthaina Al Khowaildi
Jaesin Lee, Inhoi Han, Yonghoon Park
General Department of Forensic Science, Dubai Police, Dubai,
United Arab Emirates
Drug & Forensic Toxicology Division, National Forensic Service,
Wonju, Korea (South)
P 20-09
P 20-15
16:00-17:30
KEY ASPECTS OF LEGAL REGULATION OF
PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCE CONTROL IN UKRAINE
Olena Barikova
Narcotics, Psychotropic Substances and Precursors Analysis,
State Scientific Research Forensic Centre of Ministry of Internal
Affairs of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
16:00-17:30
SIMPLE SCREENING METHOD FOR THE SERIAL
ANALYSIS OF NEW PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES
USING DIRECT HEATING-HEADSPACE SOLID-PHASE
MICROEXTRACTION
Hiroshi Fujii1, Brian Waters2, Kenji Hara2, Masayuki
Kashiwagi2, Aya Matsusue2, Shin-Ichi Kubo2
Narcotics Contol Department, Kyushu Regional Bureau of Health
and Welfare, Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Fukuoka,
Japan; 2Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine,
Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
1
P 20-10
16:00-17:30
IDENTIFICATION AND QUANTIFICATION OF 50
TOXICOLOGICAL DRUGS IN WHOLE BLOOD USING
UPLC-ESI-TANDEM MS (QQQ AND Q-TOF)
P 20-16
Choong Sik Lee, Hwan Oh Kim, Tae Myung Sung
Scientific Investigation Lab., Criminal Investigation Command of
Ministry of National Defense, Seoul, Korea (South)
P 20-11
16:00-17:30
THE CHALLENGE OF NEW PSYCHOACTIVE
SUBSTANCES IN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES STATISTICAL ANALYSIS AND LEGAL BACKGROUND
16:00-17:30
BROAD DETECTION OF CANNABINOIDS,
AMPHETAMINES AND OPIATES WITH IMMUNOASSAY
KITS INCORPORATING LIQUID ASSAY COMPONENTS
AND APPLICABLE TO A VARIETY OF AUTOMATED
SYSTEMS
P Robinson, P Mcgivern, M Rodriguez, J Campbell, P Fitzgerald
Gabor Kovacs
Research and Development, Randox Toxicology Limited, Crumlin,
United Kingdom
Department for Criminal Sciences, Szechenyi Istvan University,
Gyor, Hungary
P 20-17
P 20-12
16:00-17:30
COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON BEHAVIORAL
AND NEUROCHEMICAL EFFECTS OF
N,Α-DIETHYLPHENETHYLAMINE AND
METHAMPHETAMINE ON RATS
2
3
A NOVEL PRESUMPTIVE COLOUR TEST FOR THE
DETECTION OF ILLICIT SYNTHETIC CATHINONES
IN SEIZED SAMPLES THROUGH THE SELECTIVE
FORMATION OF A COLOURED COPPER COMPLEX
Morgan Philp1, Ronald Shimmon1, Shanlin Fu1, Mark Tahtouh2
Centre for Forensic Science, University of Technology, Sydney,
Sydney, Australia; 2Illicit Drug Data Centra, Australian Federal
Police, Sydney, Australia
1
Ilung Seol , Dongkoo Lim , Jaesin Lee , Heejin Yang , Dongwoo
Kim1
1
16:00-17:30
1
National Forensic Service, Gwangju Institute, Gwangju, Korea
(South); 2Chonnam National University, College of Pharmacy,
Gwangju, Korea (South); 3National Forensic Service, Narcotic
Analysis Section, Wonju, Korea (South)
1
P 20-13
16:00-17:30
SCREENING OF NEW PYSCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES
IN ECSTASY-TYPE TABLETS AND SPIKED VEGETABLE
MATTER BY LC-MS/MS
Cheryl Yeo, Jessica Sugito, Joanne Ho, Ong Mei Ching, Romelo
P 20-18
16:00-17:30
STUDY ON THE ANALYSIS OF ILLICIT DRUGS WITH 1D
PROTON NMR
Yeong Eun Sim1, Young Jun Suh1, Beom Jun Ko1, Siwon Kim2,
Dahye Yoon2, Heonho Lee2, Suhkmann Kim2
Busan Branch of Forensic Chemistry Laboratory, Supreme
Prosecutors’ Office, Busan, Korea (South); 2Chemistry and
Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National
University, Busan, Korea (South)
1
109
WFF2014
P 20-19
16:00-17:30
P 20-25
16:00-17:30
Shaoyu Zhang1, Yahong Zhou1, Jun Wang1, Kefang Zheng2
ANALYSIS OF THE NEW COMPONENT "SMOKING
MIXTURES" NAPHTHALEN-1-YL 1-PENTYL-1H-INDOLE3-CARBOXYLATE, ITS DERIVATIVES AND METABOLITES
Andrei Vasilev, Dmitry Sosnov
Department of Forensic Science, Jiangsu Police Institute,
Nanjing, China; 2Central Laboratory, Fujian Police Institute,
Fuzhou, China
Chemical-Toxicological Laboratory, Budget Institution «Republican
Drug Dispensary» Health Ministry Chuvashia, Cheboksary, Russian
Federation
P 20-20
P 20-26
SUSPICION OF ILLICIT SYNTHESIS OF EPHEDRINE WITH
METHCATHINONE IN CLANDESTINE LABORATORIES IN
CHINA
1
16:00-17:30
DETERMINATION OF XLR-11 METABOLITES IN IN VITRO
AND IN VIVO STUDIES
Moonhee Jang1, Wonkyung Yang1, Ilchung Shin1, Jihyun Kim1,
Hye Hyun Yoo2, Seugkyung Baeck1
Narcotics Analysis Section, National Forensic Service, Seoul,
Korea (South); 2Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and
Technology and College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan,
Korea
1
P 20-21
16:00-17:30
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN DRUG ANALYSIS:
ROLE OF ONLINE MASS-SPECTROMETRIC DATABASES
Andrei Vasilev
Chemical-Toxicological Laboratory, Budget Institution Republican
Drug Dispensary» Health Ministry Chuvashia, Cheboksary, Russian
Federation
P 20-22
16:00-17:30
RECOVERY AND QUANTIFICATION OF HEROIN
IMPREGNATED IN CLOTHES
Xing Huang , Weixin Wang , Ying Chang , Jun Zhu , Lisheng
Gao2
1
2
2
2
Department of Science and Research Management, Institute
of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, China;
2
Department of Drug Analysis, Institute of Forensic Science,
Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, China
1
P 20-23
16:00-17:30
ANALYSIS OF MT-45, A NOVEL SYNTHETIC OPIOID IN
HUMAN WHOLE BLOOD BY LCMSMS
Donna Papsun , Barry Logan
1
1
Toxicology, Nms Labs, Willow Grove, United States; 2Toxicology,
Center for Forensic Science Research and Education, Willow
Grove, United States
1
P 20-24
16:00-17:30
A VALIDATED HPTLC METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF
ILLEGAL AND PRESCRIBED DRUGS IN FORENSIC CASES
Zeynep Turkmen, Salih Cengiz
Istanbul University, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Forensic
Toxicology, Istanbul, Turkey
110
16:00-17:30
DERIVATIZATION WITH DABSYL CHLORIDE FOR THE
VISUAL IDENTIFICATION OF AMPHETAMINE-LIKE
AMINES IN TLC
Lee Sang Soon, Kim Younsu, Choi Sung Woon, Ha Yeong Seon
Department of Scientific Criminal Investigation, Chungnam
National University, Daegoen, Korea (South)
P 20-27
16:00-17:30
DIFFERENTIATION OF REGIOISOMERIC
CHLOROAMPHETAMINES BY GAS
CHROMATOGRAPHY-CHEMICAL IONIZATION TANDEM
MASS SPECTROMETRY
Hiroyuki Inoue1, Shoko Negishi1, Yukiko Nakazono1, Yuko
T. Iwata1, Tatsuyuki Kanamori1, Kenji Tsujikawa1, Kenji
Kuwayama1, Tadashi Yamamuro1, Kazuna Miyamoto2, Fumiyo
Kasuya2
Third Department of Forensic Science, National Research
Institute of Police Science, Kashiwa, Japan; 2Faculty of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobegakuin University, Kobe, Japan
1
P 20-28
16:00-17:30
PRELIMINARY RESEARCH OF THE RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN ALDH2 GENE POLYMORPHISM AND DRUNK
DRIVING
Linchuan Liao, Youyi Yan, Yi Ye, Wei Wang, Ruoyun Ruan, Fan
Cheng, Xiang Lu
Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, West China School
of Basic Science and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University,
Chengdu, China
P 20-29
16:00-17:30
CHALLENGES IN ANALYZING NEW PSYCHOTROPIC
COMPOUNDS: AN AUTOPSY CASE REPORT
Brian Waters, Kenji Hara, Masayuki Kashiwagi, Aya Matsusue,
Mio Takayama, Shin-Ichi Kubo
Department of Forensic Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka,
Japan
P 20-30
16:00-17:30
DEVELOPMENT OF A SIMULTANEOUS ANALYTICAL
METHOD FOR PSYCOTROPIC PHENYLALKYLAMINES
IN HAIR BY LC-MS/MS WITH MULTI-MODE REVERSED
PHASE COLUMN USING PH GRADIENT ELUTION
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
Hyeyoung Choi, Suyoun Ahn, Hyejin Chang, Suncheun Kim
APWS-1
Physics & Chemistry Division, Daejeon institute, National Forensic
Service, Daejeon, Korea (South)
NEW STRATEGY FOR DVI MANAGEMENT IN ASIAPACIFIC REGION AFTER MOVING DVI SECTION OF
INTERPOL TO SINGAPORE
P 20-31
Simon Djidrovski
16:00-17:30
DETERMINATION OF UR 144, XLR-11 AND THEIR
METABOLITES IN HAIR BY LC/MS/MS
Meejung Park, Sunghoon Yeon, Inhoi Han, Jeasin Lee,
Yonghoon Park
Drug & Forensic Toxicology Division, National Forensic Service,
Wonju, Korea (South)
INTERPOL General Secretariat, France
APWS-2
14:30-15:00
MANAGEMENT OF THE DEAD IN ARMED CONFLICTS
Cheryl Katzmarzyk
International Committee of the Red Cross, Canada
APWS-3
15:00-15:30
MEDICO-LEGAL DEATH INVESTIGATION SYSTEMS IN
THE PACIFIC AND CREATING A STRONGER PACIFIC
DISASTER VICTIM IDENTIFICATION NETWORK
APMLA Workshop
Grand Ballroom 105 (1F)
14:00-14:30
09:00-17:30
James Kalougivaki
09:00-09:05
Fiji Police Force, Fiji Islands
OPENING SPEECH
Nak-Eun Chung
APWS-4
09:05-09:10
WELCOME SPEECH
Stephen Cordner
16:00-16:30
POST TSUNAMI DVI – 10 YEARS PROGRESS IN SRI
LANKA
Clifford Perera
Faculty of Medicine University of Ruhuna, Sri Lanka
09:10-09:30
PROGRESS REPORTS ON THE PROCEEDING OF APMLA
09:30-10:45
MEDICO-LEGAL & DVI SYSTEM IN ASIA PACIFIC
REGION 1
JAPAN, HONG KONG, PHILIPPINES, MALAYSIA, TIMOR ESTE
11:00-12:00
MEDICO-LEGAL & DVI SYSTEM IN ASIA PACIFIC
REGION 2
INDONESIA, THAILAND, CAMBODIA, MYANMAR
12:00-12:15
APWS-5
16:30-17:00
EFFORTS TO ESTABLISH THE ASIA-PACIFIC NETWORK
IN DVI MANAGEMENT BY AUSTRALIA
Stephen Cordner
Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Australia
APWS-6
17:00-17:30
INTRODUCTION OF MASS ID MANAGER (MIM)NEWLY DEVELOPED TOTAL SOLUTION FOR VICTIMS
IDENTIFICATION IN MASS DISASTERNak-Eun Chung, Jing-Pil Park
National Forensic Service, Korea
SHARING DVI EXPERIENCES IN FLIGHT MH17 CRASH
(MALAYSIAN AIRLINES)
- MALAYSIAN INTERNATIONAL DVI COMMISSION AND
EXPERIENCES
Mohd Shah Mahmood
National Institute of Forensic Medicine, Malaysia
12:15-12:30
- DEBRIEFING THE DVI TASKS FROM INDONESIAN
POINT OF VIEW
Anton Castilani
Centre for Medical and Health Services of the Indonesian National
Police, Indonesia
111
WFF2014
NOTE
112
ABSTRACT
AFSN
KEYNOTE LECTURE
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
AFSN KEYNOTE LECTURE
AFSN KEYNOTE LECTURE
Oct 13 (Mon)
AFSN 1-1
SYSTEMATIZED TORTURE AND DEATHS IN CUSTODY
Sherein S. Ghaleb
President of IALFS, General Secretary of the Arab Union of Forensic Physicians, Egypt
Throughout history, torture has often been used as a method of political re-education, interrogation, punishment, and coercion.
The UN Special Rapporteur on Torture receives information each year on acts of torture from 60-80 countries. In some
countries it become “common and systematic,” “widespread and persistent” phenomenon i.e police, security personnel, and
prison guards routinely tortured and abused prisoners and detainees. The use of torture to suppress, intimidate and destroy
individuals and communities. It is considered to be a violation of human rights, and is declared to be unacceptable by Article 5
of the United Nation Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Torture has been criticized on humanitarian and moral grounds,
on the grounds that evidence extracted by torture is unreliable, and because torture corrupts institutions that tolerate it.
Death in custody referred to any individual who died under arrest or otherwise under police control in prison.
Worldwide, there is a high risk of medical complications or death in police custody. This risk is often increased by unclear
legislation, a lack of clearly defined responsibility and medical examination standards.
*The aim of this article is to shed light on the new and systematized methods of torture which lead to deaths in custody and the
proper documentation of torture cases revealing some recent studies in Africa region
KEYWORDS
Torture-systematic-Deaths in custody-Human rights
117
WFF2014
AFSN KEYNOTE LECTURE
Oct 13 (Mon)
AFSN 1-2
FORENSIC SCIENCE IN CHINA - AN INTRODUCTION
Lin Chang
Institute of Evidence Law and Forensic Science, China University of Political Science and Law, China
The article is an introduction to the forensic science in China, using a lot of data and examples. It consists of five parts. The first
part is the overview of foreinsic science in China, including the functions of Chinese forensic scientists and statutory categories
of forensic science. Secondly, it introducts the Chinese forensic service management system. On February 28th, the 2005
Decision radically reformed the forensic service management in China, resulting in the 'One Country, Two System'situation.
Since then, there are two forensic service management systems in China: One is the investigation agencies, such as the Public
Security Bureau; the other is the judicial administrative organs, such as the Justice Bureau.The third part is the forensic
medicine in China.In China, the forensic medicine devides into five subfields, but the forensic medical examination is the
most frequently method used to determine a fact in issue in the legal practice in China.Fourthly, the article shows the scienfic
evidence and experet witnesses in Chinese court. In China, the trial proceeding is of the heavy color of inquisitorial system. So
in most cases, experts are appointed by the judge, as the assistants to deal with the issues involved in specialized knowledge.
In order to add more competition to the court and to weaken the judge’s traditional dependence on the experts, Chinese judicial
community recently reformed its expert evidence system in both civil and criminal procedures, Giving the parties the rights to
appointed expert advisors.Finally, some problems in the forensic examination in China are discussed, which are shared for your
reference.
118
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
AFSN 1-3
Ross Gardner
Vice President, Bevel, Gardner, and Associates, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
In the criminal justice process, no single activity is more important than the efforts of the crime scene investigators (CSI)
The actions of the CSI set the stage for a positive outcome. Any failure by the CSI may prevent the forensic scientist from
accomplishing their task and such failures may prevent the court from ever answering questions relative to innocence or guilt
of the accused.
In a world filled with technology, police leadership often times see technology as the sole answer behind positive crime
scene outcomes; however, this is a very limited view. Proficiency of the crime scene investigator in understanding their role
and purpose as well as having both the necessary tools and skill to use those tools is still critical. Although there is no single
“right” way to conduct crime scene investigation, there are critical aspects that ensure a more positive outcome. These includes
ensuring the CSI is knowledgeable in general forensic science, that the CSI has the appropriate tools and technology and is
capable of using them, the CSI applies a repetitive established methodology while remaining flexible in their approach and
ensuring coordinated effort on the part of all parties present at the crime scene.
It is only through appropriate and coordinated training of the crime scene investigator in all of these areas that ensures crime
scene proficiency.
119
AFSN KEYNOTE LECTURE
Oct 13 (Mon)
TECHNOLOGY VERSUS FUNDAMENTALS: A PATHWAY TO PROFICIENCY IN CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION
WFF2014
AFSN KEYNOTE LECTURE
Oct 13 (Mon)
AFSN 1-4
FORENSIC SCIENCE IN A VUCA (VOLATILITY, UNCERTAINTY, COMPLEXITY AND AMBIGUITY) WORLD
Alain Verstraete1, 2
1
Department of laboratory medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium; 2Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology
and Immunology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
VUCA is an acronym used to describe or reflect on the volatility, uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity of general conditions
and situations. The common usage of the term VUCA began in the 1990s and derives from military vocabulary. It has been
subsequently used in emerging ideas in strategic leadership.
In a first part, we will show examples of volatility, uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity that have an impact on forensic
sciences. Many new developments in society, technology and social media are changing the way we work.
In a second part, we will discuss what leadership qualities are needed in order to thrive in a VUCA world. Organisations and
companies are generally not well adjusted to this new reality. Although new technological breakthroughs allow a radically
different way of working, many organisations still seem fixated in the past. To succeed in a VUCA world, we must expend our
intellectual and emotional energy in the areas that produce the highest payoff for our organizations. The first priority must be
developing and articulating a clear vision to drive our organizations’ actions. The clearer leaders can be about what they want
to accomplish, the better their organisations will execute in the VUCA of today’s environment.
120
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
AFSN 2-1
Kornelia Nehse
Forensic Science Institute, Landeskriminalamt Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Improved technologies have helped to develop DNA Analysis in a very impressive way over the years. There is only a minute
amount of trace material necessary to link a single particle to a person and results can be provided in a very short period of time
but more refined techniques also require different measures regarding evidence collection, anti-contamination procedures and
the interpretation and relevance of findings.
The field of trace evidence has a very long history and routine to deal with minute or so called micro traces (e.g. single fibres,
paint and glass particles). Analysis follows established routines since a very long period of time and given that all necessary
techniques are applied, analytical results are not challenged in general.
Anti-contamination procedures are in place, transfer and persistence studies as well as target studies were performed and results
are available (e.g. fibres). Reference Data Bases are provided (e.g. paint) and techniques for detailed and refined trace evidence
collection were developed (e.g. microtraces). This should provide confidence!
Trace evidence in general does not provide a direct link to a person and therefore the information sometimes seems to be
considered less valuable. This is to be challenged!
Trace evidence is an extremely helpful source of information to close gaps in a chain of plausibility and helps to link findings.
Will more refined instrumentation and analytical techniques help to ease the way into a new area or will approaches to evaluate
evidence and provide intelligence open new horizons? Can a look back into Locard’s criminalistics approaches ease the way
into future where criminalistic minds are needed?
A determination of general positions is helpful:
What information can trace evidence already offer or develop to assist during investigation
What kind of model is important to develop not to compete but to cooperate
How can Trace Evidence enrich the process and assist to enhance the evidential value of findings
What kind of technical support is needed
There are lots of options to look into and to be discussed. Different judicial systems need to be considered. An efficient quality
management to assist forensic purposes and a sound analytical process are the basis of all further consideration. Research and
case studies are important to help with the interpretation of results.
Improved Instrumentation to speed up the process is certainly necessary to move forward but communication (with
investigators and other scientists), information and interdisciplinary interaction with a criminalistics mind are required to assess
a case, to evaluate, link and interpret findings, to provide intelligence and to further the whole process where cooperation should
prevail.
121
AFSN KEYNOTE LECTURE
Oct 14 (Tue)
TO NEW HORIZONS WITH EVIDENCE AND INTELLIGENCE MORE IMPROVED TECHNOLOGIES - ANYTHING
ELSE?
WFF2014
AFSN KEYNOTE LECTURE
Oct 14 (Tue)
AFSN 2-2
MOLECULAR INTELLIGENCE: NEW USES OF MOLECULAR BIO-MARKERS FOR INVESTIGATIVE PURPOSES
Manfred Kayser
Department of Forensic Molecular Biology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Netherlands
Human identification using DNA is considered the golden standard of forensic sciences. However, in principle much more
forensically-relevant information can be retrieved from crime scene stains than the identification of perpetrators already known
to investigators. In this keynote lecture I will address new application of molecular bio-markers for investigative purposes. I
will introduce the principle and present examples of Forensic DNA Phenotyping i.e., the use of DNA to describe the appearance
and bio-geographic ancestry of unknown stain donors, typically not identifiable via conventional DNA profiling. Further, I will
present molecular solutions on how to link sample donors, such as identified via DNA evidence, with criminal events e.g. via
molecular identification of the stain’s cell type and molecular estimation of the stain deposition time. Finally, I will touch on
novel technical developments that allow combining different types of biomarkers for different forensic purposes in the same
analysis using massive parallel sequencing.
122
AFSN WORKGROUP
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION
CSI 1-1 / 1-2
CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION – PRINCIPLES AND CONTEMPORARY PRACTICE
Alastair Ross
National Institute of Forensic Science, Australia New Zealand Policing Advisory Agency (ANZPAA), Australia
125
AFSN WORKGROUP WORKSHOP
Oct 12 (Sun)
Crime Scene Investigation (CSI) if fundamental to the forensic sciences. It influences all aspects of forensic science and,
therefore, it is clear that forensic science starts at the crime scene. The principles of CSI are universal and well understood but
they will be revisited as part of the session.
Increasingly, CSI is a critical part of both volume crime (property crime) and complex crime (crimes against the person).
Engagement with property crime is essential for the development of forensic science as a source of intelligence and this will be
discussed.
In most jurisdictions, forensic science is faced with budgetary constraints and must find efficiencies to remain effective. Viable
efficiencies will be identified and discussed at the workshop.
It is important that the session is interactive so that it is a learning experience for all participants.
AFSN WORKGROUP WORKSHOP
Oct 12 (Sun)
WFF2014
CSI 1-3
CSI 1-4
THE INVESTIGATION AND ANALYSIS OF THE
BALLISTIC IMPACET TRACES ON THE FELTED
CLOTH
CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION, TRAINING AND
COLLABORATION
Aoyang Yu
Race Examination Technology Department, China Criminal
Police College, Shenyang, China
Ballistic impact traces have distinct edge on the felted cloth
and can be compared with each other by morphological
characteristics. By using the achievement of textile and
terminal ballistic technology, we summarized the correlation
between the ballistic impact traces, which make up by shape,
coloboma, and the speed and shape of bullet, and made
theoretical analysis on the correlation between the felted cloth
and the kinds of the bullets, following the experiment test
and verify. The simulation results showed that the ballistic
impact traces have close correlation between the shape and
impact speed of bullet. This correlation can be a foundation to
discriminate the kinds of the bullets and will be widely used
in crime scene investigation.
BALLISTIC TRACE; FELTED CLOTH;
INVESTIGATION
KEYWORDS
126
Wee Chuan Yeo1, Peter Wilson1, Jason Loke Choy Seng2
1
Forensic Chemistry & Physics Laboratory, Health Sciences
Authority, Singapore; 2Singapore Police Force, Criminal
Investigation Department, Forensics Division, Singapore
The processing of a crime scene is a crucial first step in an
investigation. Training staff to be competent crime scene
examiners at a wide range of scenarios is challenging in
a country with a low serious crime rate. The presentation
will touch on the training program in selected areas such as
bloodstain pattern analysis, scene reconstruction, impression
evidence and other physical evidence for crime scene
investigation. Besides having competent staff, an engaged
and cooperative working relationship between the relevant
government agencies, is vital and how this was achieved will
be outlined.
KEYWORDS C R I M E S C E N E I M V E S T I G AT I O N ;
TRAINING; COLLAOLATION
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
DNA
DNA 1-1
PROFILING OF EAST ASIAN-SPECIFIC SNP MARKERS FROM NGS (WHOLE EXOME SEQUENCING) DATA
Ki Wha Chung1, Seong Yeon Yoo2 , Sung Min Kim1, Nam Soo Cho2
Department of Biological Science, Kongju National University, Gongju, Korea (South); 2Forensic DNA Division, National Forensic
Service, Wonju, Korea (South)
1
127
AFSN WORKGROUP WORKSHOP
Oct 12 (Sun)
Short tandem repeat (STR) DNA markers are mainly used in the forensic application, however, single nucleotide
polymorphism (SNP) markers can increase individual discrimination power. Particularly, analysis of large number of SNPs
can add important evidences for kinship or ethnic identification. In recent, application of next generation sequencing (NGS)
provides an enormous number of SNPs. This study identified more than 150 East Asian specific SNPs from Korean whole
exome sequencing (WES) data. Functionally significant SNPs (variants in splicing site, missense, nonsense, and exonic
indel) were first filtered out from the variant pool, and SNPs with minor allele frequencies (MAFs) of <0.25 in 1000 Genome
Database but >0.30 in Koreans were selected. Genotypes obtained from WES were confirmed by capillary sequencing method.
The identified markers were evenly distributed through the whole autosomal chromosomes. All the SNPs were in the HardyWeinberg equilibrium with mean MAF of 0.412 (0.146 in 1000G). Mean heterozygosities were 0.485 (obs) and 0.468 (exp),
respectively. Mean values for PIC, PD and PE were 0.358, 0.596, and 0.181, respectively. The combined matching probability
(CMP) was 1.374 X 10(-60), and combined power of discrimination (CDP) was very high. Korean MAFs in most markers
were similar with Chinese and Japanese populations, but significantly higher than other major ethnic populations. These
selected SNPs will be used to develop forensic markers and are expected to be widely used for individual identification, ethnic
discrimination, and linkage analysis for kinship test.
AFSN WORKGROUP WORKSHOP
Oct 12 (Sun)
WFF2014
DNA 1-2
DNA 1-3
DNASCAN™ RAPID DNA ANALYSIS™ GENERATION
OF STR PROFILES FROM BUCCAL SWABS AND
BLOOD SAMPLES: PRESENTATION OF DUBAI
POLICE CRIME LABORATORY DATA
A MULTIPLEX SYSTEM OF AUTOSOMAL AND Y
CHROMOSOME STRS INTEGRATED WITH ABO
TYPING FOR FORENSIC DNA ANALYSIS
Farida Al Shamali1, Eugene Tan2
1
General Department of Forensic Science and Criminology,
Dubai Police Crime Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates;
2
Product Development, Netbio, Waltham, Massachusetts, United
States
Background: A fully-integrated system has been developed
for the automated generation of STR profiles from buccal
swab samples, both to improve forensic laboratory process
flow and to enable STR profile generation to be performed
in police stations and other field-forward settings. The
DNAscan™ Rapid DNA Analysis™ System from GE
Healthcare and NetBio is a fully automated system with
integrated Expert System software. The corresponding
BioChipSet™ Cassette is an all-in-one consumable
containing all reagents necessary for processing five samples
simultaneously in a room temperature-stable cassette.
Methods: The DNAscan instrument was developed for use
with buccal swabs, however minor modifications to sample
preparation steps enable processing of single-source blood
samples. DNAscan allows processing of buccal or blood
samples on a single BioChipSet Cassette using the identical
processing parameters without the need for instrument
adjustments.
An experimental plan containing 50 samples was
successfully completed at the Dubai Police Crime Laboratory
and the resulting data will be presented. The sample set
included purified DNA, whole blood samples, and buccal
samples.
Results and Discussion: The profiles obtained from fully
automated runs at the Dubai Police Crime Laboratory
demonstrate that the system generates concordant profiles for
buccal swabs and blood samples. The DNAscan instrument
can accept and process a combination of buccal and blood
samples in a single run, generating called STR profiles in less
than 90 minutes.
Conclusions: The fully integrated DNAscan system
represents an easy-to-use, rapid approach to STR profiling
and can be deployed in forensic laboratories, police stations,
and field-forward settings.
KEYWORDS
128
RAPID DNA; STR; FIELD-FORWARD
Le Wang, Feng Wang, Man Chen, Xue Bai, Yi-Ren Yao,
Xing-Chun Zhao, Jian Ye
Center for Applied Forensic Science and Technology, Institute of
Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, China
The ABO blood group is accepted as one of the most
important markers in forensic testing. As autosomal STR
genotyping continues to be recognized as the dominant
technique for human identity determination, Y chromosome
STR analysis is playing increasingly important roles in
solving criminal cases recently. In this paper, we describe an
integrated amplification system of ABO, autosomal STR and
Y-STR genotyping in a single reaction. The system allows
for the simultaneous detection of 18 autosomal STR loci
(13 CODIS loci as well as D2S1338, D6S1043, D12S391,
Penta D and Penta E), the ABO blood group locus, the Y-STR
locus DYS391 and the sex-determining locus Amelogenin.
Primers are designed and optimized so that the amplicons
are distributed ranging from 80 to 420 bp within a five-dye
fluorescent design with the fifth dye reserved for the internal
size standard. Sensitivity assays resulted in successful
amplification of genomic DNA range from 0.5–4 ng with
30 PCR cycles. A total of 320 individuals from the Chinese
Han population were studied and forensic genetic data were
present. No significant deviations from Hardy–Weinberg
equilibrium were observed. We conclude that this integrated
system could be a powerful and efficient solution for forensic
DNA analysis.
KEYWORDS
ABO TYPING; Y-STR; AUTOSOMAL STR
DNA 1-4
SUCCESSFUL PCR BASED DNA ANALYSIS OF HIGHLY
DEGRADED HUMAN REMAINS
- AN ANCIENT DNA APPROACH
Ruwan Illeperuma
Molecular Forensics, Genetech, Colombo 08, Sri Lanka
Identification of individuals using severely degraded human
remains by DNA based fingerprinting is a challenging task
for the forensic geneticist. In cases of prolonged exposure to
high humidity conditions, the hard biological material (bones
and teeth) may be the only evidence left for DNA analysis.
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
Aguilar
Crime Laboratory, Philippine National Police, Quezon City,
Philippines
DNA analysis is recognized as one of the primary modes of
identification for disaster victim identification (DVI). As part
of the DVI response of the Philippine National Police (PNP)
to a sea collision involving a cargo ship and a passenger
vessel in Cebu City on August 16, 2013, the PNP Crime
laboratory was tasked to identify the 115 recovered victims.
Seventy were identified through secondary and primary
identifiers other than DNA analysis. Bones samples from
the remaining 45 bodies that cannot be identified through
medical, dental, or fingerprint techniques were subjected to
autosomal DNA identification along with 75 buccal swabs
from relatives as references using short tandem repeat
(STR). DNA analysis yielded full DNA profiles from 42
bone samples and partial profiles from three bone samples.
Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) 7.0 kinship software
was used to identify kinship matches between the DNA
profiles obtained from the relatives against the DNA profiles
obtained from the victims. All matches were cross-checked
with the data available for the post-mortem (PM) and antemortem (AM) ensuring that the sex determination from
the DNA analysis concurred with the sex reported for the
PM among others. As initial result, subsequent comparison
of DNA profiles through kinship matching resulted in the
positive identification and released of seven victims to their
relatives; three body parts were associated to one victim.
This is the first mass disaster victim identification conducted
in the country that used DNA analysis of bones from highly
decomposed bodies and the utilization of the CODIS
software for comparison of DNA profiles through kinship
matching. This will help develop practical approaches for
mass disaster human remains DNA identification process in
the Philippines.
KEYWORDS
DVI; CODIS; FORENSICS
DNA 1-6
KEYWORDS ANCIENT DNA; MITOCHONDRIAL DNA;
DEGRADED DNA
DNA 1-5
DISASTER VICTIM IDENTIFICATION THROUGH DNA
ANALYSIS USING BONE SAMPLES
Lorna Santos, Franklin Dela Cruz, Marie Cerise Elyn
DEVELOPMENT OF LOCALIZED AUTOSOMAL AND Y
CHROMOSOMAL STR PCR KIT
Jeong Eun Sim1, Hye Yeon Kim1, Sera Kim2 , Young Se
Hyun3 , Kyoung-Jin Shin4 , Young Geun Yang2 , Soong Deok
Lee5 , Su Jeong Park1
1
DNA Forensic Division, Supreme Prosecutors' Office,
Seoul, Korea (South); 2BioQuest, Inc., Seoul, Korea (South);
3
Department of Biological Science, Kongju National University,
129
AFSN WORKGROUP WORKSHOP
Oct 12 (Sun)
However DNA extractions of bone fragments submerged in
water under intense microbial activity for more than ten years
often contain highly fragmented DNA molecules replete
with various forms of structural damage. This makes PCR
amplifications not only targeting nuclear genetic makers
but routine mitochondrial DNA makers difficult or even
impossible.
A femur supposedly be of a 20-40 year old individual was
recovered from a toilet pit who was reported to be missing
twelve years ago. DNA was extracted using a modified
phenol chloroform method. It is well evident from the
circumstances of the case that DNA of the extraction was
severely fragmented from the combined processes of
decomposition and microbial-induced degradation.PCR
targeting 12 autosaomal STR loci (amplicon size range
105bp-327bp) failed to amplify detectable alleles, including
the shortest amplified products of the STR loci LPL. PCR
amplification was not obtained with primers targeting a
440bp fragment of the Human mitochondrial DNA HVS 1
(mtDNA HVS1) region.
Human mtDNA HVS 1 region was amplified in PCR by
using four overlapping first round and second round nested
PCR amplifications respectively using primers described
previously for ancient DNA analysis by Lertrit et al, 2008.
In nested PCR, amplicons were obtained for all four mtDNA
primer pairs generating fragments in sizes of 161bp, 135bp,
228 bp and 247bp. Each product was sequenced in both
reverse and forward directions generating a final sequence
having 348 basepairs in length covering nucleotide positions
from 15986 to16334 . The frequency recorded for the mtDNA
type 16051G, 16129C, 16183C, 16189C of the femur in the
Sri Lankan mtDNA database was 0.0030 and thus maternal
relatedness of it was established with the sister of the
deceased at a maximum random match probability of 0.88%.
This case highlights a reliable approach to successfully type
highly degraded biological material from challenging cases
of identity testing in mass disasters and cases having old
exhumed skeletal remains which contain highly fragmented
DNA due to degradation upon prolonged exposure to tropical
climatic conditions.
WFF2014
AFSN WORKGROUP WORKSHOP
Oct 12 (Sun)
Gongju, Korea (South); 4Department of Forensic Medicine,
Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (South);
5
Department of Forensic Medicine, Seoul National University
College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (South)
For establishment and management of a consistent DNA
database, it is important to use a suitable multiplex PCR
Kit. However, forensic DNA analysis in Korea has been
made with expensive foreign commercial multiplex PCR
Kits, which means Korean Criminal DNA Database might
be vulnerable to change in foreign company’s policy. Even
if Y-STRs have not yet included a Korea DNA DB, Y-STR
multiplex Kit was also frequently used as much as autosomal
STR multiplex kit, because these markers are powerful in
cases of deficiency identification and rape. Therefore, to
lessen the nation’s dependence on foreign commercial kits
and to reduce analysis costs, we developed autosomal- and
Y-STR multiplex PCR systems respectively to replace/
complement those widely-used foreign commercial kits.
The developed autosomal multiplex STR system, named
Kplex-15, consists of 13 CODIS STR loci, D6S1043 and
Amelogenin, and was designed in two different types of
amplification strategy, i.e. amplification of extracted DNA
and direct PCR system. All of the primer sets were newly
designed to produce amplicons with smaller size than
commercial kits to improve PCR success in degraded DNA.
The developed multiplex Y STR system, called Kplex Y17,
enables simultaneously amplifies 17 Y-STR loci including
SWGDAM recommended Y-STR loci. The constructions of
all amplicon size were below 330 bp. The enzyme and buffer
system used were all developed on our own, and the allelic
ladder and bin set construction were adjusted for the detection
of rare alleles found in Koreans.
Finally, we report the two multiplex PCR systems (Kplex-15
and Kplex-Y17) are robust and reliable, and we are expecting
that these systems will be a valuable and suitable tool for a
Korea Criminal DNA Database.
KEYWORDS DEVELOPED MULTIPLEX STR SYSTEM;
KPLEX-15; KPLEX-Y17
DNA 1-7
REPORTABILITY OF CONTACT DNA MIXED
PROFILES: AN ASSESSMENT FROM CASEWORK
CONTACT STAINS
Lay Hong Seah
Head of DNA Serious Crime Unit, Department of Chemistry
Malaysia, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
130
DNA collected on handled objects, touched surfaces and
worn clothes not attributed to any particular biological
source such as blood, saliva, etc. could potentially contain
amplifiable DNA which could be profiled. The transfer
and persistence of DNA from such sources is uncertain
and interpretation of profiles from contact stains thus
requires caution. Of relevance with contact DNA mixtures,
particularly in low template profiles, is the inability to
distinguish alleles caused by indirect transfer (sporadic
contamination) from the true alleles. Where the major
contributor in a mixed contact profile can be inferred with no
difficulty, the major source of the contact DNA can usually
be reliably interpreted. The minor contributory sources
however are mostly not amenable to reliable interpretation.
This assessment presents and considers the quality of DNA
profiles from casework contact stains, particularly those that
yield mixed profiles, with no attempt to infer the mode of
transfer.
KEYWORDS C O N TA C T S TA I N ; D N A T R A N S F E R ;
CASEWORK STAINS
DNA 1-8
EXPLORATION OF THE RELATION BETWEEN RYR2
GENE AND SUDDEN UNEXPLAINED CARDIAC DEATH
AMONG YOUNG CHINESE PEOPLE
Yunyun Wang1, Qian Liu1, Liang Liu1,2 , Yan Liu1, Liang
Ren1, Shaohua Zhu1
1
Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College,
Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China;
2
Key Laboratory of Evidence Science, China University of
Political Science and Law, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
Abstract: In order to explore the relation between RyR2
gene and sudden unexplained cardiac death among young
Chinese people, we examined two reported sites (G1885E
and G1886S) on single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) in a
healthy Chinese Han population(n=73, age from 20-40years)
and in a cohort of 29 sudden unexplained cardiac death(SUD,
age from 17 to 43) victims. The activities at the time of SUD
included dispute and fighting(11), sleep(3), working(3),
running(2), intravenous infusion(2), and undetermined
(8). 73 Unrelated healthy volunteers were come from the
paternity test center of our department of Forensic Medicine.
All samples were recognized by review of ethics. Specific
primers were used to amplify the target gene fragments
and sequenced directly after purification. DNA sequencing
results showed that either heterozygous or homozygous
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
AFSN WORKGROUP WORKSHOP
Oct 12 (Sun)
mutation of RyR2-G1885E was found in both groups, i.e.
every sample showed wild-type(WT) and no SNP was found
at this site. Oppositely, heterozygous mutation of RyR2G1886S was found in both healthy group(n=13, 17.81%)
and SUD group(n=4, 13.79%), there also had a homozygous
mutation in healthy group(n=1, 1.37%). The wild genotype
number for RyR2-G1886S of SUD and healthy group was
25(86.21%) and 59(80.82%), respectively. In SUD group, the
WT “G” allele frequency for RyR2-G1886S was 0.931, and
the mutant “A” allele frequency was 0.690. In healthy group,
the WT “G” allele frequency for RyR2-G1886S was 0.897,
and the mutant “A” allele frequency was 0.103. Statistic
analysis showed that two groups regardless of the genotype
(χ2=0.671098, P=0.714945>0.05) or gene frequencies
(χ2=0.560604, P=0.454027>0.05), two groups had no
significant difference. The results of this study indicate that
no polymorphism was found at RyR2-G1885E in Chinese
Han population. Although a great number of experiments
indicated that RyR2-G1886S site mutations had an important
impact on intracellular calcium oscillations and associated
with CPVT or ARVC. To some extent, there existed a close
relationship between SUD and CPVT or ARVC. But, our
experiment did not find a correlation between RyR2-G1886S
and SUD. The reason may be the small sample size by
artificial selection or the race-specific.
RYR2; Sudden unexplained cardiac death(SUD);
Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)
KEYWORDS
131
WFF2014
ILLICIT DRUGS
ID 1-1
UNODC EARLY WARNING ADVISORY ON NPS
AFSN WORKGROUP WORKSHOP
Oct 12 (Sun)
Justice Tettey
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Austria
In March 2013, the United Nations Commission on Narcotic Drugs adopted resolution 56/4 entitled “Enhancing international
cooperation in the identification and reporting of new psycho¬active substances”, recognizing that the establishment of a global
early warning system could benefit Member States’ understanding in responding to the complex and changing market for new
psychoactive substances. As a result, the UNODC Early Warning Advisory (EWA, www.unodc.org/NPS) was launched in June
2013. The EWA aims to monitor, analyse and report trends on NPS, as a basis for effective evidence based policy responses.
It also serves as a repository for information/data on these substances and as a platform for providing technical assistance to
Member States. The presentation introduces the online EWA and highlights global trends with regard to the emergence of NPS,
and the support available to Member States such as information on legislative responses and the identification/detection of
substances.
132
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ID 1-2
CHALLENGES OF NPS LEGISLATION IN USA AND CURRENT TRENDS
Scott Oulton
Drug Enforcement Administration, United States
133
AFSN WORKGROUP WORKSHOP
Oct 12 (Sun)
The rise and abuse of new psychoactive substances (NPS) has been a global phenomenon, and USA is no exception. The NPS
phenomenon has continued to grow over the last five years and there have been noticeable changes to the NPS market in the
United States. Historically, NPS are first identified in Europe months before being identified in the United States. Recently, that
time has dwindled and there are now instances in which new compounds are first identified in the United States prior to their
identification in Europe. In addition, there are classes of synthetic drugs that are resurfacing as well as entirely new classes of
drugs that are just beginning to emerge.
This workshop provides an overview of the rise and abuse of NPS in the United States, legislation to control these drugs, as well
as current market trends. Herbal smoking blends remain popular in the United States and continue to be found in commercial
packaging; however NPS continue to evolve in response to legislation efforts. In contrast, many of the compounds found in
commercial “bath salts” are less commonly found in commercial packaging. These compounds, including methylone which is
being sold as pure MDMA, remain popular despite their control status. The newest trend in the NPS phenomenon includes a
sharp increase in phenethylamine based hallucinogens and novel opioids.
WFF2014
ID 1-3
This paper seeks to give an overview of the drug situation and
forensic laboratories in Asia, as surveyed through the Asian
Forensic Sciences Network (AFSN) Illicit Drugs Workgroup
(IDWG) members. The presentation aims to cover the
following three areas:
The top five traditional drugs of abuse in each country;
The emergence of new psychoactive substances (NPS) in
the past three years from 2011 to 2013, covering the specific
types, classes and forms of NPS encountered in each country;
The challenges faced by the laboratories in today’s fast
changing drug situation.
chemicals that can be abuse for recreational use. Since
methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) was first placed on
the list on November 2011, 80 species of NPSs have been
added to the temporary drug designation list, and some of
them are being added to the drug regulation act later. As
a result, regulations on analogs and the temporary drug
designation act have contributed to suppress expansion of
NPSs in South Korea, which was reflected in the decreased
number of synthetic cannabinoid compounds identified
by NFS in 2012. However, it increased again in 2013, and
the numbers of seized cases have increased continuously.
The results suggest that trade and abuse of NPSs cannot be
reduced only by a regional regulation, and it is impossible to
block all legal highs sold via the Internet and international
mailing services. Thus, international cooperation and
information sharing are necessary to efficiently regulate the
NPSs without the balloon effect.
KEYWORDS NEW PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES,
DRUG TRENDS, CHALLENGES
ID 1-5
TRADITIONAL DRUGS AND NPS ABUSE IN ASIA
AFSN WORKGROUP WORKSHOP
Oct 12 (Sun)
Angeline Yap
Health Sciences Authority, Singapore
CHALLENGES OF GENERIC LEGISLATION IN
SINGAPORE
ID 1-4
CHALLENGES OF ANALOG LEGISLATION IN KOREA
Jaesin Lee
Drug & Forensic Toxicology Division, National Forensic
Service, Wonju, Korea (South)
The rapid increase in the number of new psychoactive
substance (NPS) and their abuse has become a serious
problem worldwide. Species and abuse cases of NPSs
have increased rapidly in South Korea since 2010, and the
Korean Food and Drug Administration (KFDA) has added
analogs of major NPSs to the list of narcotics controlled
by law on February 2011 based on the Canadian analog
system, and included analogs of naphthoylindoles (JWH018, JWH-073), phenylacetylindoles (JWH-250), CP-47,
497 homologs, methcathinone, and phencyclidine. However,
analog legislation based on the chemical structure is limited
because similarity of chemical structure does not always
result in the similarity of bioactivity. Moreover, some of the
recently appearing NPSs with new basic moieties are not
included in the list, which will force the legal regulatory
authority to prepare a more detailed and expanded analog
list to be regulated. The rapid increase in NPSs also forces
monitoring of NPSs that have abuse potential. Thus, the
KFDA also applied for the temporary drug designation act
on June 2011 to reduce the interval required to legislate the
drug regulation act. The temporary drugs include research
134
Wendy Lim, Angeline Yap
Illicit Drugs Division, Health Sciences Authority, Singapore
With the proliferation and abuse of New Psychoactive
Substance (NPS), many countries have started placing these
substances under legislative control. Some countries have
incorporated these substances into the permanent schedules
of controlled drugs/substances, while others have placed
them under temporary control, pending review after a certain
time period.
In Singapore, as of 1st May 2014, legislative amendments
were enacted to the Misuse of Drugs Act to list NPS as Class
A Controlled Drugs either using the specific drug names
or via the generic classifications of synthetic cannabinoids
and synthetic cathinones. Some NPS were also listed into a
temporary schedule that empowers the enforcement officers
to seize and destroy these substances.
In this presentation, we will be sharing the challenges
encountered by the laboratory in the analysis and reporting of
NPS under the generic legislation.
KEYWORDS NEW PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES;
LEGISLATION; CHALLENGES
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
ID 1-6
UNODC ICE PROGRAMME
Justice Tettey
Uinted Nations Office on Drug and Crime, Austria
AFSN WORKGROUP WORKSHOP
Oct 12 (Sun)
The International Quality Assurance Programme (IQAP)
of UNODC assists drug testing and toxicology laboratories
worldwide to build capacity and improve performance to
meet internationally accepted standards. The International
Collaborative Exercises (ICE) programme, is an important
part of the IQAP and participation in ICE allows laboratories
from developing and developed countries to assess their
performance on a global scale. The programme has
options for participation in the analysis of drugs in seized
materials and in biological specimens with test samples
are designed to simulate actual casework encountered by
forensic laboratories. UNODC also publishes guidelines and
manuals on laboratory and forensic best practices, including
recommended methods for the analysis and identification of
drugs in seized materials and biological matrices. Within the
framework of the ICE programme, participating laboratories
are provided with standards/reference samples of drugs under
international control, their metabolites and selected NPS to
aid in their analytical work. The presentation looks at the
development of the ICE programme over the past 5 years,
with a focus on the online assessment tools, participation
and performance of AFSN laboratories and recent support
available to laboratories in addressing the NPS issue.
135
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TOXICOLOGY
TX 1-1
AFSN WORKGROUP WORKSHOP
Oct 12 (Sun)
PREVALENCE OF BENZODIAZEPINES DETECTED IN
CASES OF DRUG FACILITATED CRIME
Patramon Yongpanich
Toxicology Division, Institute of Forensic Medicine, Bangkok,
Thailand
This study was undertaken to assess the prevalence of
benzodiazepines used in crime, either robbery or sexual
assault cases. Data was extracted from 1) individual's medical
record for demographics, medical history and detail of the
alleged assault and 2) toxicology reports in all cases of
alleged drug facilitated crime between January 1, 2012 and
December 31, 2013. Toxicology specimens from each case,
urine and/or blood were collected and tested by immunoassay
screening for amphetamines, opiates and benzodiazepines.
The positive screen results were confirmed by liquid
chromatography-mass spectrometer (LC-MS). This study
also discuss about trends of misuse of other substances as
potential substitution after alprazolam up-scheduling.
KEYWORDS
D R U G FA C I L I TAT E D C R I M E ;
BENZODIAZEPINES; FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY
TX 1-2
CASE STUDIES: MULTI-DRUG INTOXICATION
INVOLVING METHYLONE, METHYLETHCATHINONE
AND METHOXETAMINE
Yu Ting Liow, Yi Ju Yao
Analytical Toxicology Laboratory, Health Sciences Authority,
Singapore
There has been a worldwide rise in the popularity and abuse
of new psychoactive drugs such as synthetic cathinones.
We present two cases of multi-drug intoxications,
both involving two synthetic cathinones (methylone
and methylethcathinone) and one ketamine analogue
(methoxetamine). In case 1, the subject was arrested for
acute delirium and had to be pharmacologically restrained
with i.v. propofol and haloperidol. His hypocount was also
drifting downwards despite given i.v. insulin & dextrose.
In case 2, the patient was found in a hotel room with acute
altered mental state, violent and aggressive. In the emergency
department, he also exhibited metabolic acidosis and
tachycardia. The blood and urine samples of patients were
136
submitted for toxicological analysis. The specimens were
analysed with a routine alkaline liquid–liquid extraction
and analyzed by GC–MS. Methoxetamine, methylone and
methylethcathinone were initially identified by full scan mass
spectral comparison to commercial EI-MS libraries. In view
of the possibility of positional isomers for methylone and
methylethcathinone, additional chromatographic techniques
such as LC/DAD and high resolution mass spectrometry,
were also employed to help to confirm the identities of the
drugs.
KEYWORDS NEW PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGS; SYNTHETIC
CATHINONES; TOXICOLOGY
TX 1-3
SENSITIVE ANALYTICAL METHOD OF NEREISTOXIN
USING MIXED-MODE CATIONIC EXCHANGE SOLIDPHASE EXTRACTION AND GC-MS
Yujin Park, Heesang Lee, Jiyeong Jo, Sangwhan In, Eunmi
Kim, Sanggil Choe
Forensic Chemistry Division, Busan Institute, National Forensic
Service, Yangsan 626-815, Korea (South)
Nereistoxin(NTX) was originated from a marine annelid
worm Lumbriconereis heteropoda and its analog pesticides
including Cartap, Bensultap, Thiocyclam and Thiobensultap
have been commonly used in agriculture, because of low
toxicity and high insecticidal activity. However, nereistoxin
have been reported about its inhibitory neuro toxicity in
human and animal body, by blocking nicotinic acetylcholine
receptor and it cause significant neuromuscular toxicity,
resulting in respiratory failure. We developed a new
method to determine nereistoxin in biological fluid. The
method involve MCX (mixed-mode cationic exchange)
based solid phase extraction and final identification and
quantitative analysis by using gas chromatography/mass
spectrometry (GC/MS). The limit of detection and recovery
were substantially better than those of previous methods
using liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) or SPME. The better
recoverise (86-101 %) than LLE (55 %) in blood samples
were obtained and calibration curves of the range 0.05 – 20
mg/L have R2 values with above 0.98. The developed method
was applied to a fatal case of cartap intoxication of 74 years
old woman who ingested cartap hydrochloride for suicide.
We detected cartap and nereisitoxin from postmortem
specimens and revealed that the cause of the death was
ruled to be nereistoxin intoxication. The concentration of
nereistoxin were 2.58 mg/L, 3.36 mg/L and 1479.7 mg/L in
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
heart, the femoral blood and stomach content, respectively.
The heart blood /femoral blood ratio of nereitoxin was 0.76.
NEREISTOXIN(NTX); MCX (MIXED-MODE
CATIONIC EXCHANGE; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY/
MASS SPECTROMETRY (GC/MS)
KEYWORDS
ANALYSIS OF SYNTHETIC CANNABINOID
METABOLITES IN HUMAN URINE BY LIQUID
CHROMATOGRAPHY-TANDEM MASS
SPECTROMETRY
KEYWORDS
SYNTHETIC CANNABINOIDS; URINE; LC-
MS/MS
Evelyn Goh, Jye Ing Soah, Hooi Yan Moy, Chi Pang Lui
Analytical Toxicology Laboratory, Analytical Toxicology
Division, Health Sciences Authority, Singapore
TX 1-5
The prevalence of synthetic cannabinoids, also known as
“Spice” or “K2”, as one of the new forms of illicit drugs
being abused has been a worldwide issue. Generally,
synthetic cannabinoids bind to the CB1 and CB2 receptors
in human, triggering psychotropic effects similar to
tetrahydrocannbinoids (THC) which occurs naturally in
Cannabis sativa. In the clandestine laboratories, these
compounds are synthesized and sprayed on a mixture of herbs
and spices to mimic the psychotropic effects of Cannabis
sativa. The analysis of synthetic cannabinoids in biological
matrix has recently become an analytical challenge for
toxicological, clinical and drug abuse testing laboratories as
their metabolites are usually present at trace levels in urine or
blood.
A confirmatory test method for the identification of 15 urinary
metabolites of JWH 018, JWH 019, JWH 073, JWH 081,
JWH 122, JWH 210, JWH 250 and AM 2201 using Liquid
Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)
was developed and validated. Prior to instrumental analysis,
the urine sample was hydrolysed with b-glucuronidase
and extracted using Supported Liquid Extraction (SLE)
method. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a
CORTECS UPLC C18 (2.1x100 mm, 1.6 mm) column by
gradient elution of 10 mM ammonium formate in water and
acetonitrile (0.1% formic acid). Mass spectrometric data was
acquired in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode using
positive electrospray ionization.
Using this method, all the 15 metabolites were eluted
between 3 to 7 min. The limits of detection were found to be
0.1 to 0.5 ng/ml. Linearity between the concentration range
of 25 to 50 ng/ml was determined for all the analytes, with
coefficient of determination (r2) greater than 0.99. Extraction
Su Youn Ahn1, Haeyoung Choi1, Hyejin Chang1, Dongwoo
Kim2 , Sanghee Woo3 , Suncheun Kim1
1
Drug and Forensic Toxicology, Daejeon institute, National
Forensic Service, Daejeon, Korea (South); 2Drug and Forensic
Toxicology, Gwangju institute, National Forensic Service,
Gwangju, Korea (South); 3Drug and Forensic Toxicology,
National Forensic Service headquarters, Wonju, Korea (South)
THE DETERMINATION OF GRAYANOTOXINS IN THE
SEIZED MAD HONEY BY LC-MS/MS
Grayanotoxins (GTXs) are toxic compounds contained in
the leaves, twigs, flower, pollen and nectar of some species
of the Ericaceae (Rhododendron) family and the toxic honey
produced from the floral nectar of these plants. Honey from
the nectar of Ericaceae (Rhododendron) family, which is
known as ‘mad honey’, occasionally contains GTXs and
causes poisoning. Mad honey has been used as an alternative
medicine for the treatment of gastric pains, bowel disorders,
and hypertension, and it has been also believed to be a
sexual stimulant. The toxins are neurotoxin interfering with
the transmission of the action potential by blocking sodium
channels in cell membranes. GTXs may cause dizziness,
weakness, excessive perspiration, hypersalivation, nausea,
vomiting and paresthesias. The purchase of mad honey by
travelers or via the internet is increasing these days. We
previously developed and validated LC-MS/MS method for
quantification of GTXs. The sensitive and rapid LC-MS/MS
method for the determination of GTX I and GTX III was
successfully applied to the seized mad honey samples, which
were offered from Central Customs Laboratory and Scientific
Service. GTX I and GTX III were detected in six of ten mad
honey samples smuggled into South Korea from Nepal. The
intake of mad honey containing GTXs may cause mad honey
poisoning. It has been reported that the amount of mad honey
137
AFSN WORKGROUP WORKSHOP
Oct 12 (Sun)
TX 1-4
recovery using SLE method was found to be in the range of
73% to 107%, and reproducible to within 15% for each of the
analyte studied. Matrix effects were assessed and shown to be
from -14.9% to 8.1% (n=10). No endogeneous or exogeneous
interferences were observed and there was no evidence of
carryover up to concentration of 200 ng/ml. The synthetic
cannabinoid metabolites were found to be stable for a week
when kept at 4oC. The applicability of the method to drugs
abusers’ urine will be evaluated and discussed.
WFF2014
AFSN WORKGROUP WORKSHOP
Oct 12 (Sun)
causing poisoning is between 5 and 30 g. In general, the
severity of the mad honey poisoning depends on the amount
ingested. The range of calculated concentration of GTX I and
GTX III in the mad honey samples were 1.15 – 5.15 μg/g and
1.38 – 8.83 μg/g, which were variable. This case report would
help prevent GTXs poisoning or flagged up the dangers of
mad honey intake.
KEYWORDS GRAYANOTOXINS (GTXS); MAD HONEY;
LC-MS/MS
TX 1-6
DETERMINATION OF NICOTINE AND ITS
METABOLITES IN FORENSIC SPECIMENS:
A NICOTINE POISONING BY INGESTION OF
E-CIGARETTES LIQUID
Gundong You, Jongsook Rhee, Yuran Park, Sunhye Park,
Sangheui Woo, Yonghoon Park
Drug & Forensic Toxicology Division, National Forensic
Service, Wonju-Si, Korea (South)
Nicotine is a potent neurotoxin alkaloid that found in the
nightshade family of plants(Solanaceae) and stimulates
the autonomic ganglia and the central nervous system.
The fatal dose of nicotine for man is about 40 mg (0.6 mg/
kg) and nicotine will cause nausea, vomiting, tachycardia,
hypertension, prostration, convulsions, respiratory paralysis
and death within a few minutes to 1 hour after ingestion.
This paper presents the analysis of nicotine, cotinine
and 3-hydroxycotinine in a nicotine poisoning due to
oral ingestion of a liquid in electronic cigarettes pipe
for producing vapor. A 39-year-old dental clinic director
was found dead lying on the floor under the couch in his
dental clinic, and there were an e-cigarette pipe (DANIEL
MAXI®) and a 10 mL-plastic bottle (named LIQ®
E-Liquid) remaining about 0.1 mL black liquid on the table.
To determine the cause of death, postmortem blood and
gastric contents obtained at autopsy were screened for the
detection of drugs and poisons. Also, a sample of the black
liquid ingested by the decedent was analyzed. Nicotine
was detected in stomach contents and liquid by TLC and
gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. For toxicological
investigation, after extracting by solid-phase extraction,
nicotine, cotinine and 3-hydroxycotinine were quantitated in
heart blood, peripheral blood and stomach contents using LC/
MS/MS. In this study, the concentration of nicotine, cotinine
and 3-hydroxycotinine in forensic biological specimens were
analyzed : 87.2 mg/L, 1.4 mg/L and 0.012 mg/L in heart
138
blood, 85.2 mg/L, 1.1 mg/L and 0.0089 mg/L in peripheral
blood, 6734.8 mg/kg and 15.5 mg/kg in gastric contents,
respectively. Heart/peripheral blood concentration ratio is
1.0 in nicotine, 1.3 in cotinine and 1.3 in 3-hydroxycotinine,
respectively. The concentration of nicotine was quantitated
7262.0 mg/L in a remaining liquid. The amount of nicotine
ingested in a time was estimated to be 72 mg. This is an
amount 1.8 times greater than the lethal oral dose of nicotine
in the literature. The nicotine blood concentration was
ranged within its fatal concentration from 3.7 to 5800 mg/
L reported in the literature The method was validated for the
linearity, precision, accuracy in blood. Method validation
demonstrated good intra-assay and inter-assay precision and
accuracy for nicotine and its major metabolites.
KEYWORDS
NICOTINE; COTININE; LC/MS/MS
TX 1-7
SURVEILLANCE OF STREET ANTI-OBESITY DRUG IN
THAILAND
Rujira Boonsong, Dhokrak Khontong, Songpol Srinual,
Verachai Kaewpaluek, Udomsak Hoonwijit
Forensic Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok,
Thailand
The recent Sibutramine Cardiovascular Outcomes Trial
(SCOUT) confirmed that patients using sibutramine
had a higher number of cardiovascular events (nonfatal
myocardial infarction and nonfatal stroke). The U.S. Food
and Drug Administration (FDA) warns in “black box”
because of serious side effects in patients with a history of
cardiovascular disease. Then, in October 2010, Sibutramine
was withdrawn from the U.S. market. Thailand FDA also
had withdrawn Sibutramine in 2010. But in the present,
Sibutramine can still be found in anti-obesity products on the
street market in Thailand. In our previous study, we found
Sibutramine in Konjac glucomannan (KGM) capsules. And
there were reports of Thai people having severe allergy to
Sibutramine like TEN Syndrome. Thus, we determined
Sibutramine in anti-obesity products : LIPO8®, LIPO9® and
Slim Express® which are the best sellers in Thailand for
beneficial to the public health surveillance. The determination
by GC/MS suggested that one of the anti-obesity products
had Sibutramine in its capsules. So we should pay attention to
the new products available in the society.
KEYWORDS SIBUTRAMINE; ANTI-OBESITY DRUG;
THAI PEOPLE
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
TX 1-8
HIGH CONCENTRATIONS OF DIAZEPAM AND
ESTAZOLAM DETECTED IN A DISGUISED SUICIDE
CASE AS PARAQUAT POISONING
We report a case of disguised suicide as paraquat poisoning.
A middle-aged woman was found dead and the body had been
badly decomposed. Firstly, the paraquat concentrations (μg/
g, μg/mL) of only 0.02, 0.03, 0.08, 0.05 were detected in her
stomach content, heart blood, liver and kidney respectively,
which were much lower than the lethal dose obtained from
the scientific research data. Subsequently, diazepam and
estazolam were qualitatively detected in the extracts of
stomach contents by further toxicological LC-MS screening.
The concentrations (μg/g, μg/mL) of diazepam and estazolam
in stomach contents, body fluids and organ tissues, were as
follows: 0.94 and 0.88 in stomach contents, 0.42 and 0.63 in
heart blood, 1.4 and 1.7 in liver, and 0.44 and 0.22 in kidney.
The benzodiazepine concentrations in liver were more
than the poisoning dose of 1.25μg/g. These results strongly
suggested that the victim orally ingested diazepam and
estazolam before she died. Based on the toxicological data
together with further investigation and the confession from
suspect, the cause of her death was confirmed as intentional
homicide but faking a pesticide poisoning suicide.
KEYWORDS PA R A Q U AT; D I S G U I S E D S U I C I D E ;
FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY
TX 1-9
DISTRIBUTION OF CYANIDE AND CO-HB IN THE
MASS FIRE VICTIMS AT THE BUS TERMINAL
Juseon Lee, Sehyoun Park, Sujin Jeong, Hyesun Yeom,
Sungmin Moon, Minji Kang, Jungjun Kim, Seungkyung
Baeck
Narcotics, Forensic Toxicology and Chemistry Division,
National Forensic Service, Seoul, Korea (South)
A fire broke out in the morning at the basement of 7-story
building with basement level 5. The fire started at the first
basement during welding work of food court construction
site. There were not so many customers in the building but
most victims were passengers of the bus and they were
found at the 2nd floor- the bus terminal is located on-except
KEYWORDS
FIRE; CYANIDE; CO-HB
TX 1-10
AUTOMATED SIMULTANEOUS ANALYSIS OF
AMPHETAMINES AND KETAMINE AND ITS
METABOLITE IN URINE VIA ON-LINE DPX-UPLC-MS/
MS
Chock Ying Soo, Hian Twan Chang, Hooi Yan Moy, Jordan
Ong, Faridah Salleh, Yi Ju Yao, Chi Pang Lui
Analytical Toxicology Laboratory, Analytical Toxicology
Division, Health Sciences Authority, Singapore
In the testing of controlled drugs in urine samples,
multiple sample preparation steps followed by various
chromatographic instrumental analysis are employed.
Automated solid phase extraction (SPE) has been used for
the extraction of controlled drugs which requires certain
manual steps in the sample preparation. Typically, the sample
processing followed by instrumental analysis will take more
than one day to complete a batch of samples. To further
improve the efficiency and sample turn-around-time, a fully
automated system has been developed for the simultaneous
analysis of amphetamines, ketamine and its metabolite in
urine by coupling an online extraction process with the
instrumental analysis. An 8 min per sample analysis time
has been achieved which enables the laboratory to analyse a
maximum of 180 samples per day with minimal manpower.
The application of disposable pipettes embedded with a
139
AFSN WORKGROUP WORKSHOP
Oct 12 (Sun)
Hongyan Du, Yunfeng Zhang, Ying Dong, Zhongshan Yu
Toxicology, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public
Security, Beijing, China
a woman who worked at the basement food court. Although
the fire was put out within 27 minutes, urethane form used
for insulation and closed structure of the 2nd floor made the
situation worse.
Among 33 casualties, 8 persons were dead. All the dead
were covered with heavy soot because of the toxic gas and
sooty smoke releasing from the urethane form that covered
basement wall to the second floor. 4 persons were found dead
on the spot and 2 persons died right after they were rescued
and the last 2 persons died at the hospital under treatment.
The range of cyanide(CN) concentration of the dead on the
spot was 1.3~3.0 mg/L and the range of CO-Hb was 30~36
%, CN and CO-Hb concentration from 2 persons who died
right after rescue were 1.7~1.9 mg/L and 17~27 %. 2 persons’
CN and CO-Hb who got treated at the hospital were 0~0.2
mg/L and 0 %. When they were rescued, it didn’t take so long
time because the fire fighting teams ordered out quickly and
rescued victims urgently. Only several minutes divided the
casualties into the dead and the alive.
AFSN WORKGROUP WORKSHOP
Oct 12 (Sun)
WFF2014
reversed phase salting sorbent (DPX-RP-S) in the extraction
process also allows the use of a small sample size (250 µl)
and less solvent as compared to SPE.
The Gerstel® MultiPurpose Sampler platform, equipped
with two liquid handling arms capable to work with
disposable extraction tips, analytical vials, and vial
shaker, was employed for the drug extraction using
DPX-RP-S. An ABSciex® QTrap 4500 tandem mass
spectrometer coupled to an Agilent 1290 UPLC was
used to analyse the extracts in tandem with the online
extraction. Chromatographic separation was achieved
on a Phenomenex Kinetex® XB-C18 (2.1mm x 150mm,
2.6µm) column using a 0.1% formic acid in ammonium
formate (10 mM)/acetonitrile gradient. The analytes
studied were amphetamines (including methamphetamine,
amphetamine, 3, 4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA),
3, 4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine (MDMA),
3, 4–methylenedioxy-N-ethylamphetamine (MDEA),
phentermine, fenfluramine, ephedrine and pseudoephedrine),
ketamine and norketamine.
The validation study includes linearity, limit of detection
(LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), precision, accuracy,
matrix interference, ionization suppression/enhancement,
recovery, system robustness, and carryover. Linearity
between the concentration range of 100 ng/ml and 1, 000
ng/ml was achieved for all the analytes with the regression
coefficient ranged from 0.9608 to 0.9943. Intra-day and
inter-day precision were found to have CVs from 6.7% to
9.5%, and their accuracy ranged from -6.6% to 6.2% of the
means. The LOD and LOQ were shown to be less than 100
ng/ml. Ion suppression/enhancement was measured to be
within -6.4% to 7.7%. No significant matrix interference was
observed in the method and no carryover was found at 3, 000
ng/ml of the analytes. Recovery study and system robustness
will be evaluated and discussed.
KEYWORDS
140
AUTOMATION; DPX; DRUGS OF ABUSE
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
TRACE EVIDENCE
Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University,
Busan, Korea (South)
TE 1-1
DISCRIMINATING AND CLASSIFYING OF
BOROSILICATE GLASS USING LA-ICPMS
The discrimination of different soda-lime-silica glass based
on its usage (e.g. automotive glass, containers, architectural
glass etc) has been extensively studied in the recent years
based on the various analytical methods available. Although
the use of laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass
spectrometry for borosilicate glass has been reported, these
studies primarily focused on differentiating borosilicate
glass from the other major glass types. To date, very few
studies were done in the discrimination and classification of
borosilicate glass according to their end-use.
The classification of borosilicate glass could be useful to
the glass examiner in determining whether fragments of
borosilicate glass found on the apparels of a victim lying
on a roadside could possibly have a vehicle origin or
coincidentally due to random occurrence.
In this paper, we present our findings on the discrimination
and classification of the different uses of borosilicate glass
(e.g. kitchenware, automotive headlamps, vehicle light bulbs,
domestic light bulbs, laboratories glassware etc) based on
laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.
Glass refractive index measurement will also be performed
to determine if there can be further discriminated based on
refractive index.
KEYWORDS BOROSILICATE GLASS; SODA-LIMESILICATE GLASS; LASER ABLATION INDUCTIVELY
COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY
TE 1-2
APPLICATION OF 1H NMR SPECTROSCOPY AND
CHEMOMETRICS FOR CLASSIFICATION OF
LUBRICANTS, SURFACTANTS AND IMITATIONVIAGRA.
Siwon Kim3 , Dahye Yoon3 , Heonho Lee3 , Dong-Kye Lee1,
Yuna Kim2 , Nam Yee Kim2 , Suhkmann Kim3
1
Busan Institute, National Forensic Service, Yangsan-si, Korea
(South); 2Seoul Institute, National Forensic Service, Seoul,
Korea (South); 3Department of Chemistry and Chemistry
TE 1-3
EVIDENTIAL VALUE OF DUST IN FALL FROM
HEIGHT CASES
Rui Lin Lee, Yihua Li, Thiam Bon Lim
Forensic Chemistry and Physics Laboratory, Health Sciences
Authority, Singapore
At the scene, disturbances to a surface via removal of
dust from the surface can be indicative of movement and
contact occurred with that surface. An example commonly
encountered in Singapore would be suspected suicide cases,
in which the deceased is believed to have fallen from an
alleged floor of a building based on the removal of dust at
that location. Investigators would usually be interested to link
the deceased with the suspected location through the transfer
of dust to the deceased’s hands, feet or apparels. The feature
of dust samples in a small, densely populated and highly
urbanised tropical country such as Singapore is unknown.
In this project, the variation of dust samples from industrial,
residential, commercial and coastal regions in Singapore was
studied. Being one of the countries with the largest number
of high-rise buildings in the world, the differences of dust
samples between low floors and high floors was also studied.
Microscopic examination and analytical characterization are
used to determine the evidential value of the various types of
particles found in dust samples associated with a particular
location.
KEYWORDS
DUST; FALL FROM HEIGHT; TRACE
141
AFSN WORKGROUP WORKSHOP
Oct 12 (Sun)
Shun Kang, Huifang Xie, Yihua Li, Thiam Bon Lim
Forensic Chemistry and Physics Laboratory, Health Sciences
Authority, Singapore
1H NMR spectroscopy can be applied to identify and
discriminate the compound. In this study, 1H NMR
spectroscopy combined with multivariative statistical
analysis as a distinguish tool in forensic field. Lubricants
are commonly used such as engine oils, mechanical oils
and transmission oils etc. Classification of lubricants is an
important task for identification of oils. Surfactants are daily
used in house or work place and also used in insecticides
or herbicides. Sometimes those are involved in homicide
or suicide case. Viagra is the most popular impotency drug.
However, that is imitated world widely. We applied NMR
(nuclear magnetic resonance) spectroscopic techniques
and multivariate pattern recognition techniques to classify
lubricants, surfactants and imitation-Viagra.vNMR;
Classification; Lubricants
WFF2014
TE 1-4
AFSN WORKGROUP WORKSHOP
Oct 12 (Sun)
A PROPOSED PROCEDURE TO VERIFY A SUICIDE
CASE OF CARBON MONOXIDE INTOXICATION BY
ANALYZING THE TRACE OF IGNITION CHARCOAL
BRIQUETTE
Tae-Myung Sung
Forensic 1st section, Scientific Investigation Laboratory, Seoul,
Korea (South)
Carbon monoxide (CO) intoxication committed by burning
Ignition charcoal briquettes (ICB) is popular in Korea as
a means of committing suicide. Even though most carbon
monoxide intoxications are related to suicide cases but there
could be some possibility disguised by offenders. Thus
investigating the deceased and crime scenes thoroughly
is critical to prove if the deceased carried out to commit
suicide. In cases of committing suicides with ICBs, detecting
the trace of ICB on objects touched or transferred in high
probability, such as door knobs which could be opened by
the hands of the deceased is highly crucial to link between
the crime scene and the deceased. If the deceased started
burning of ICB normally composed of blacken sawdust with
barium nitrate[Ba(NO3)2] on one side of center surface, the
nostrils of victims could be contaminated by some portion
of ICB because nitrate mixed blacken sawdust would be
flamed abruptly and pyrolyzed components could be raised
with a updraft current which can be moved into nostrils
when drawing his/her breath. We applied one case of carbon
monoxide intoxication to show an excellent procedure to
verify that the incident was occurred for committing suicide.
About 30 samples collected from a crime scene were
submitted. We employed a stereomicroscope, a microscope
FT-IR and a scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive
X-ray spectrometer (SEM-EDX) for the analysis and
comparison of components of a charcoal briquette: GC
(TCD) for CO-Hb level: GC/MS for a sleeping drug, and a
stereomicroscope, a microscope FT-IR and a pyrolysis-GC/
MS for a partly burnt resin-type substance. We analyzed
the trace of ICB by investigating morphological characters,
looks more hard and porous surface, and higher carbon
content than untreated wood and a crucial marker element,
barium originated from barium nitrate, ignition accelerator,
which means that the deceased might have carried the ICB.
Black material found in nostrils, consisting of carbon and
barium elements as peculiar components, which would be
inhaled when the ICB emitted pyrolyzed components at
the start of flame. This could indicate that the deceased was
near the ICB and it can be assumed that he ignited the fire.
Seventy nine percent of CO-Hb was obtained, which means
142
the cause of death was intoxication of CO and 2.3 mg/L of
diphenhydramine, a sleeping drug, was detected, lower than
that of fatal cases: 8-31 mg/L (mean 16 mg/L), which cannot
be the main cause of the death. The partially burnt black
material was analyzed as an acrylronitrile-styrene polymer,
normally used for making bags for carrying or wrapping,
which would be used for bringing the ICB. Serial steps
mentioned above could be a paragon to draw a conclusion for
suicide by the intoxication of CO produced by burning ICB in
a sealed room or a car.
KEYWORDS IGNITION CHARCOAL BRIQUETTES;
CARBON MONOXIDE INTOXICATION; BARIUM
NITRATE
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
TE 1-5
USE OF COMPARISON-MICROSCOPE IN TRACE EVIDENCE ANALYSIS
Claus Klein
Leica Microsystems CMS GmbH, Germany
143
AFSN WORKGROUP WORKSHOP
Oct 12 (Sun)
Technical advance have brought cutting-edge computer technology to the forensic lab. However, optical comparison is still
an indispensable method for examining fired ammunition parts, tool marks, and documents. Courts frequently only accept the
evidence when it was identified with the direct optical comparison method.
The experts at the forensic laboratory have to identify, analyze, and document the findings from a crime scene. Therefore, the
microscopes and imaging equipment used must provide precision, quality, accuracy and reproducibility of results to ensure
success.
Taking into account new technologies and trends, I explain how a modern comparison device is defined and what you should
look for before buying a new unit. Furthermore I am going to say which accessories work best to examine tool marks and
firearms to uncover unique surface characteristics and how important the optical quality, precise illumination and software for
it is .
In the subsequent workshop, you can operate the motorized comparison Macroscope "Leica FSC" and experience the latest
possibilities such as "Multi focus and 3D imaging"
WFF2014
QUALITY ASSURANCE & STANDARDS COMMITTEE
QASC 1-1 / 1-2
TOP 10 NON-CONFORMANCES FOUND DURING ASCLD/LAB ASSESSMENTS [12 MONTH REVIEW]
AFSN WORKGROUP WORKSHOP
Oct 12 (Sun)
Anja Einseln
ASCLD-LAB, USA
The first portion of this session will be spent sharing the ‘Top 10’ results of ASCLD/LAB-International Assessments from a
12 month timeframe. Further explanation of each clause will be provided to help the listener gain a better understanding of the
types of issues that have come up with an eye on trying to avoid similar situation during your own laboratory assessment.
MEASUREMENT TRACEABILITY: SOME EXAMPLES AND THE REQUIREMENTS
The second portion of the session will review measurement traceability requirements, policies and clarifications. Several
examples of sample documents with be reviewed and pitfalls others have fallen into will be discussed. Ultimately
compliance with measurement traceability is vitally important to our success in forensic science and the inter-comparability
of measurements is an essential part of our core mission to serve justice. To echo the words from the November 2011 Joint
Declaration on Metrological Traceability issued by the BIPM, OIML, ILAC and ISO we must strive to achieve compliance
with measurement traceability so our ‘measurement results can be universally accepted.’
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WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION
CSI 2-1 / 2-2
FBI EVIDENCE RESPONSE TEAM APPROACH TO CRIME SCENE MANAGEMENT
Michael Grabber
FBI Evidence Response Team Unit, USA
Program Description
The mission of the FBI’s Evidence Response Teams is to collect evidence supporting FBI priority investigations in a
professional, competent, and systematic manner. This is accomplished by providing the team members nationally standardized
training, equipment, and ready access to specialized forensic expertise. This gives the FBI highly specialized forensics teams
that maintain a full operational readiness capability to respond to any type of incident worldwide. Attendees will learn how
these teams were formed, the training process they undergo, and how their skills are called to service. Attendees will also learn
about the roles and responsibilities of each team member as well as the Incident Command Structure utilized by the on scene
command staff to ensure each scene is safely and accurately documented and all necessary data is collected. Case examples
discussed will vary in size and will vary across the jurisdictional priorities of the FBI.
145
AFSN WORKGROUP WORKSHOP
Oct 13 (Mon)
Objective
After attending this workshop, attendees will 1) have a full understanding of the FBI’s Evidence Response Team Concept,
2) the roles and responsibilities of each team member, 3) the specialized skills and assets utilized by FBI Evidence Response
Teams, and 4) the command structure utilized to mitigate large scenes and/or major cases.
WFF2014
CSI 2-4
AFSN WORKGROUP WORKSHOP
Oct 13 (Mon)
ANALYSIS OF DIATOMS FROM FRESH WATER
BODIES IN MANIPUR STATE OF INDIA
Ankit Srivastava1, Ningthoujan Khelensana Singh1, Smita
Chouhan1, Vijay Kumar Yadav1, Gajendra Pal Singh2
1
Department of Forensic Science, Bundelkhand University,
Jhansi (U.P.), India - 284128, Jhansi, India; 2Department of
Botany, Central University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
Investigation of bodies recovered out of water comprises
an important proportion of the medico-legal requests.
However, the key question whether the victim died due to
‘‘true’’ drowning can frequently not easily be solved. A body
recovered from the water does not necessarily imply that
death was due to drowning. Detection of diatoms in tissues
has been applied as an important sign of drowning since
the beginning of 20th century and utility of diatoms for the
diagnosis of drowning cases was debated soon after they
were first found in lung exudates. While solving drowning
cases, a correlation between the diatoms extracted from
these tissue samples and the samples obtained from putative
drowning medium has to be established for the successful
determination of drowning site.
In Manipur state of India various drowning cases were
recorded in last few years so the present study was focused on
the Manipur state. Manipur is located at the north eastern part
of India having an alpine climate, very cold in winters and the
temperature in the summer is 320 C and in the winter it falls
down into zero. In present study, the samples are collected
from different water bodies comprising ponds, lakes, rivers,
dams, drains, and canals are assessed. At these various types
of water bodies, there are 19 genera and 28 species are found
with 5 centric diatoms and 23 pennales are recorded during
the month of January and February in 2014. In order pennales
the dominating diatoms are Nitzschia, Navicula, Synedra,
Amphora, Pleurosigma, Mastogloia and Chaetoceros. In
order centric the dominating diatoms is only Cyclotella.
Pennales diatoms are found dominant than centric diatoms
in Manipur. There are 40 samples collected from Manipur in
which 25 samples are found and 15 samples are not found.
KEYWORDS
146
DROWNING; DIATOMS; MANIPUR
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
DNA
DNA 2-1
THE ROLE OF FORENSIC DNA DATABASE FOR USE IN CRIMINAL INTELLIGENCE
Worawee Waiyawuth
Central Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Thailand
The DNA Database is the valuable resource for Justice System which contains DNA profiles of suspects, offenders and crime
evidences. In criminal investigations, DNA profiles found at the crime scene may be compared to a known suspect stored on
the database. Alternatively, where there is no suspect for a particular crime, DNA samples collected at a crime scene may be
compared with DNA profiles stored on the DNA Database. A match between the crime evidence and a database profile may
identify a new suspect. Moreover, the DNA database can also link many crimes to one another since the criminals tend to reoffend and are often responsible for numerous crimes.
In conclusion, it is obviously seen that the Forensic DNA Database play a major role in bringing the public confidence in Justice
system and its application is a very worldwide intelligence tool for the criminal investigations at the present.
147
AFSN WORKGROUP WORKSHOP
Oct 13 (Mon)
Over the past decade, Thailand has been struggling with high crime rates involving firearms and explosives mainly caused
by the organized crime especially the Muslim Separatist group in Southern Thailand. For this reason, the DNA Database is
considered to be the most powerful and the modern intelligence tools for criminal investigations used in preventing the crimes
today.
WFF2014
DNA 2-2
AFSN WORKGROUP WORKSHOP
Oct 13 (Mon)
RAPID DNA: FULLY INTEGRATED, FULLY
AUTOMATED GENERATION OF STR PROFILES
Julie French1, Eugene Tan2
1
Human Identity Division, Ge Healthcare Life Sciences,
Piscataway, New Jersey, United States; 2Product Development,
Netbio, Waltham, Massachusetts, United States
Background: A fully-integrated system has been developed
for the automated generation of STR profiles from buccal
swab samples, both to improve forensic laboratory process
flow and to enable STR profile generation to be performed
in police stations. The DNAscan™ Rapid DNA Analysis™
System from GE Healthcare Life Sciences and NetBio is
a fully automated system with integrated data analysis and
Expert System software. The corresponding BioChipSet™
Cassette is an all-in-one consumable containing all reagents
in a single, room-temperature stable cassette.
Methods: The DNAscan system is operated by inserting five
buccal swab samples into a BioChipSet Cassette, inserting
the cassette into the instrument, and closing the door. The
system is easy to use and was designed to be used by a nontechnical user within or outside the laboratory.
Results: The DNAscan system generates concordant,
reproducible, full STR profiles with the CODIS core loci.
Conclusions: Rapid DNA technology is designed to increase
the speed of DNA processing, minimize the crime lab DNA
backlogs, and help lower the cost of law enforcement. The
fully integrated DNAscan system represents an easy-touse, fast approach to STR profiling and can be deployed in
forensic laboratories, police stations, and other field-forward
settings.
KEYWORDS
RAPID DNA; STR; MICROFLUIDICS
DNA 2-3
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF STATISTICAL PROBABILITY
FOR LOCI ABOVE 20
Nor Aidora Saedon1, Rauzah Hashim2 , Noraini Ahmad2 ,
Mohd Izuan Othman1, Baktiar Kassim1
1
Forensic DNA Section, Forensic Division, Department of
Chemistry, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia; 2Department of
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Petaling
Jaya, Malaysia
Forensic DNA analysis are carried out to ascertain the origin
of biological sample left at a crime scene to the individuals
148
involved; either the victim, the perpetrator or any other
persons. Once there is a match, forensic scientists will
calculate the probability of another individual at random
having a matching DNA profile to determine the significance
of the match. In Disaster Victim Identification (DVI), the
impact increases as the statistical calculations broadens
into family tree i.e. kinship identification. Most forensic
laboratory are assessing the DNA profile at 15 STR loci
where the probability are around 1015 (quadrillion) – 1021
(sextillion).
Since 2013, the forensic community was introduced to the 21
STR loci which increases the probability to 1024 (septillion)
– 1030 (nonillion). The increased loci not only enhanced
the individualisation of the particular DNA profile but also
minimises the adventitious DNA match that may occur.
Another factor to consider is that, since the probability is
huge; whether we still need to calculate probability based on
the ethnicity. At a glance, Malaysia consists of three major
ethnic groups, Malays, Chinese and Indians; however, these
major groups can be further itemized to numerous smaller
ethnicities. Based on the frequencies determined at each of
the 21 loci, the probability is still massive even if the highest
frequencies of the loci are used to calculate the probability.
However, for kinship identification cases, having increased
loci is definitely an advantage as it will assist in the
interpretation as well as enhanced the probability.
KEYWORDS
MATCH PROBABILITY; KINSHIP; GLOBALFILER
DNA 2-4
DISPERSION OF DNA OF COMPROMISED SKULL IN
MALAYSIA
Nor Aidora Saedon, Nurul Hamizai Abdul Hamid, Mohd
Firdaus Che Amran, Zulhilmi Husni, Baktiar Kassim
Forensic DNA Section, Forensic Division, Department of
Chemistry, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
The skull is rarely utilised for DNA analysis of body
identification, as there are other bone types with ample DNA
that can be sampled. However there are cases where only the
skull is available, therefore it is essential to not only ascertain
the best area on the skull for DNA analysis but also the
method applied. A skull was discovered embedded in swamp
area in Malaysia, which indicates long term exposure to
degradation. Five different areas of the skull, i.e. the Frontal
bone, Maxilla bone, Temporal bone, Occipital and Zygomatic
bone were sampled in triplicates and extracted via phenolchloroform and Automate Express for comparison. These
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
samples were then quantitated on the QuantiFiler Kit and
amplified using the GlobalFiler casework kit. The amplified
samples were electrophoresed on 3500xl Genetic Analyzer
and analysed using GeneMapper ID-X ver 1.4.
KEYWORDS
MAXIMIZE INFORMATION FROM YOUR MIXTURE
SAMPLES WITH THE POWERPLEX® FUSION 6C
SYSTEM, A COMBINED AUTOSOMAL AND Y-STR
MULTIPLEX
SKULL; DNA; EXTRACTION
GENETIC DATA OF TWELVE X-CHROMOSOMAL
LOCI IN THE FILIPINO POPULATION
Judycel Macapagal, Franklin De La Cruz, Lorna Santos
DNA Analysis Branch, Philippine National Police Crime
Laboratory, Camp Crame Quezon City, Philippines
Interest in X chromosome markers has increased because
of its desirable features of uniparental and autosomal
genetic markers. To determine the genetic variation of X
chromosome of Filipino population, 12 X-STR loci grouped
into four linkage trios: group 1 (DXS8378-DXS10135DXS10148; group 2(DXS-7132-DXS10074-DXS10079);
group 3 (HPRTB-DXS10101-DXS10103); and group 4
(DXS7423-DXS10134-DXS10146) were investigated in
292 unrelated Filipinos. Results revealed that no significant
deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium in any of the
12 loci. The allele frequencies were from 0.0031 to 0.5273.
DXS10135 was the most polymorphic X-STR with 22 alleles
(PIC=0.9157) and DXS7423 was the least informative with
6 alleles (PIC=0.5277). Power of discrimination varied
from 0.6065 to 0.9211 in male and from 0.7664 to 0.9884 in
female. Combined power of discrimination reached 99.99%
both for male and female. Off-ladder alleles were observed
and these alleles will be characterized by sequencing. The
four linkage trios of DXS8378-DXS10135-DXS10148,
DXS-7132-DXS10074-DXS10079, HPRTB-DXS10101DXS10103 and DXS7423-DXS10134-DXS10146 revealed
182, 119, 104 and 131 haplotypes, respectively. Most
frequent haplotypes were 10-22-25.1 and 10-24-24.1 for
group 1, 14-18-19 for group 2, 12-31-19 for group 3 and
15-35-27 for group 4. Results demonstrated that more than
63.40% of haplotypes for each linkage group has a frequency
of <0.02. This strongly implies that these linkage groups
provide a powerful tool for solving kinship cases in Filipinos
as well as for identification purposes.
X-CHROMOSOME; LINKAGE GROUP;
HAPLOTYPE
Lotte Downey, Martin Ensenberger, Patricia Fulmer, Kristy
Lenz, Dawn Rabbach, Cynthia Sprecher, Douglas Storts
Genetic Identity, Promega Corporation, Madison, Wisconsin,
United States
The PowerPlex® Fusion 6C System is a 6-color STR system
for simultaneously amplifying 23 autosomal loci, three
Y-STR loci, and Amelogenin. The required (Amelogenin,
D18S51, FGA, D21S11, D8S1179, vWA, D13S317,
D16S539, D7S820, TH01, D3S1358, D5S818, CSF1PO,
D2S1338, D19S433, D1S1656, D12S391, D2S441,
D10S1248, DYS391) and preferred (TPOX, D22S1045,
SE33) expanded CODIS core loci are combined with Penta
D, Penta E, DYS570, and DYS576 to give the system a
discriminatory power (PI = 1.80 x 10-32) that is three orders
of magnitude higher than other commercially available
6-color STR systems. With nine autosomal and DYS391 loci
being less than 250bp, the additional genetic information
obtained with this 27-locus STR system will be extremely
useful for analyzing degraded samples, where even a partial
profile would be informative. Additionally, the three Y-STR
loci in this system will allow more confident determination
of the number of male contributors in a complex mixture
without the need for a separate Y-STR analysis, thus saving
time and money. A short PCR cycling time of approximately
60 minutes and the ability to directly amplify single source
samples from a variety of substrates will further improve the
efficiency of your STR analysis. Largest
KEYWORDS MIXTURES; MULTIPLEX OF AUTOSOMAL
AND Y-STRS; DNA ANALYSIS
DNA 2-7
DEVELOPMENTAL VALIDATION OF AN
INNOVATIVE DNA QUANTIFICATION SYSTEM WITH
INTELLIGENT TOOLS FOR EFFICIENT SCREENING
OF DEGRADED AND INHIBITED CASEWORK
SAMPLES
Allison Holt, Sheri Olson, Jacquelyn Gabriel, Robert Green
Human Identification, Thermo Fisher Scientific, South San
Francisco, CA, United States
149
AFSN WORKGROUP WORKSHOP
Oct 13 (Mon)
DNA 2-5
KEYWORDS
DNA 2-6
AFSN WORKGROUP WORKSHOP
Oct 13 (Mon)
WFF2014
Recently introduced next generation STR kits are
more sensitive, highly robust to inhibitors and highly
discriminating. The result of these changes is that useful STR
profiles can now be obtained from previously untypeable
forensic DNA samples. Such casework samples often have
low quantity and/or degraded DNA, PCR inhibitors, and,
in sexual assault samples, a high quantity of female DNA
compared to male DNA. These factors can make it difficult to
decide whether to continue with STR analysis, which STR kit
to use and how much DNA to add to the STR amplification
reaction. To address these factors, we have developed a new
DNA quantification and assessment kit to provide better
correlation between the DNA sample and resulting STR
profile. The Quantifiler® HP and Trio DNA Quantification
kits enable efficient and accurate quantification of human
DNA and are the first kits to provide a Quality Index to detect
the presence of degraded DNA along with PCR inhibitors.
In addition, the Quantifiler® Trio kit determines the quantity
of male DNA present in samples. All of these results guide
the selection of the most appropriate STR kits in order to
help maximize the chances of casework sample analysis
success. These new kits provide a quantitative measure of the
degree of DNA degradation, useful for the determination of
how much DNA to add to the STR reaction and which STR
kit to use in order to deliver the most informative results.
Through our developmental validation studies we show how
degradation predicts the ski slope effect with downstream
STR PCR amplification kits and how the addition of more
DNA can recover the lost alleles. We also show how the
increase in assay sensitivity and the improved inhibitor
tolerance can be used as a decision making tool to obtain
complete profiles from challenging casework samples. These
samples include trace DNA samples, highly degraded DNA
samples, low quantity of male DNA in high level of female
DNA as well as samples contaminated with PCR inhibitors.
The developmental validation data also demonstrates how
these new quantification kits provide critical decision
making tools as part of the forensic casework workflow
using AmpFLSTR® MiniFiler™, Identifiler® Plus and the
GlobalFiler™ Kits, illustrating how this approach can
facilitate enhanced efficiency and first pass success rates.
For Research, Forensic or Paternity Use Only. Not intended
for any animal or human therapeutic or diagnostic use
KEYWORDS
DEGRADATION; INHIBITION; SCREENING
DNA 2-8
DEVELOPMENTAL VALIDATION OF THE YFILER®
PLUS PCR AMPLIFICATION KIT
150
Andrea Carbonaro, Siddhita Gopinath
Human Identification, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Oyster Point,
United States
Y-chromosomal markers have proven useful in solving
investigations where low levels of male DNA are present in
a high female DNA background. An intrinsic limitation of
Y-STRs compared with autosomal STRs is a reduced power
of discrimination due to a lack of recombination throughout
most of the Y-chromosome. Thus, in an effort to increase
the power of discrimination we have developed a new
6-dye, 27-plex Y-STR system that includes the 17 markers
from the AmpFlSTR Yfiler® and Yfiler Direct kits plus 10
additional highly polymorphic Y-STR markers (DYS576,
DYS627, DYS460, DYS518, DYS570, DYS449, DYS481,
DYF387S1a/b and DYS533). These ten new loci include
7 rapidly mutating Y-STR loci which allow for improved
discrimination of related individuals.
The new multiplex is a dual application assay designed to
amplify DNA from extracted casework samples and database
samples from storage cards and swab lysates via direct
amplification. Compared to the previous Yfiler® and Yfiler®
Direct kits, the new multiplex shows improved performance
in inhibited samples and admixed male and female samples
at ratios >1:1000, better differentiation in male:male mixture
samples in high female DNA background, and faster time to
results. Additionally, no reproducible cross-reactive products
were obtained on bacteria and commonly encountered
animal species. The haplotype diversity and discriminatory
capacity calculations for several population groups will be
presented, as well as father-son studies and validation studies
demonstrating improved performance with challenging
samples.
KEYWORDS
Y-STR; SEXUAL ASSAULT; RM MARKERS
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
ILLICIT DRUGS
ID 2-1
CHEMISTRY AND REACTION MECHANISMS OF
COLOUR TESTS
FOR DRUGS OF ABUSE AND PRECURSORS
CHEMICALS
Colour tests are usually the simplest and quickest chemical
test that an analyst can apply to a sample. They are designed
to provide an indication of the presence or absence of drug
classes in the test sample and quickly eliminate negative
samples. Good presumptive testing methods, as all analytical
techniques, maximize the probability of a “true” result, and
minimize false positives. However, presumptive tests are not
considered sufficient for drug identification and results must
be confirmed by additional laboratory tests. Colour tests have
their place not only in field test kits for police and customs
personnel, but also as important constituents of analytical
laboratory schemes. Colour tests are not only applicable for
drugs of abuse but as well for precursors chemicals.
Some colour tests are more specific than others. Good
examples to illustrate the considerable differences in
specificity are the tests routinely used for the three classes
of illicit drugs most frequently encountered worldwide
in the illicit market, the opiates (semi-synthetic drug),
methamphetamine, amphetamine and ketamine (synthetic
drug) and cannabis (plant based drug). The Marquis test
(sulfuric acid-formaldehyde reagent) is one of those
classical tests which produce colours with a very large
variety of organic chemicals, both natural and synthetic
origin, including several classes of drugs of abuse and their
precursors, under various types of regulatory control. In
contrast, Cannabis tests such as the Duquenois-Levine test
and the diazo-dye formation between Fast Blue B salt and
the important natural cannabinoids, appear to be a rather
specific and reliable tool for the presumptive identification
of cannabis products. Due to their wide availability and
low cost, colour tests are standard constituents of testing
in forensic laboratories. As a drug chemist, application and
improvement of the tests, the knowledge of the chemical
structures and the reaction mechanisms of the coloring in
final products are essential.
In recent years illicit trafficking of drugs of abuse and
precursors chemicals have been subject to extensive in many
countries of the world. Identification of the substances by
KEYWORDS
COLOR TEST; MARQUIS; SIMON
ID 2-2
DRUG IDENTIFICATION USING LINEAR RETENTION
INDEX
Zhi Wei Eyo, Desmond Tan, Shih Yun Pang, Sok Hong Nio,
Wendy Lim, Angeline Yap
Illicit Drugs Division, Health Sciences Authority, Singapore
Gas chromatography is one of the internationally-accepted
techniques used in many forensic laboratories for drug
analysis. One of the criteria used to identify the drug of
interest is to compare the retention time of the analysed
substance with the retention time of a drug standard.
However, the availability and affordability of some of
the new and existing drug standards have proven to be a
challenge for many drug testing laboratories, especially
with the emergence of many new psychoactive substances
(NPS) in the recent years. One possible way to overcome
this challenge is to create a transferable Linear Retention
Index (LRI) library database that can be shared and used
as a reference for retention time matching without a drug
standard. LRI converts system-dependent retention time into
system-independent constant which is more useful as the
value obtained can now be compared with other laboratories
and aids in the identification of drugs. The LRI is calculated
based on normalisation to the retention times of a series
of n-alkanes run on the same system using the following
formula:
LRI = 100 * [n + (N – n) (tr(unknown) – tr(n))/(tr(N) – tr(n))]
Where:
LRI = Linear Retention Index
n = the number of carbon atoms in the n-alkane eluting just
before the substance
N = the number of carbon atoms in the n-alkane eluting just
after the substance
tr = the retention time
In this study, we demonstrate the application of LRI as a
feasible option in the drug testing laboratories to gain gas
151
AFSN WORKGROUP WORKSHOP
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Gunalan Varatharajan
Department of Chemistry, Narcotic Division, Ipoh, Perak,
Malaysia
colour test is the first step in the forensic laboratory schemes.
In this presentation, a simple chemical method, based on a
combination of five known colour tests (Marquis, Simon,
Zimmermann, Duqunois-Levine, Cobalt Thiocyanate and
Chen-Kao, will be presented to differentiate drugs of abuse
and precursors chemicals. The underlying chemistry and
reaction mechanism in the formation of the coloring matters
is discussed.
WFF2014
chromatographic data in the absence of drug standards.
The LRI obtained for a series of drugs analysed by the
laboratory as well as the reproducibility of these values will
be presented.
AFSN WORKGROUP WORKSHOP
Oct 13 (Mon)
KEYWORDS L I N E A R R E T E N T I O N I N D E X ; G A S
CHROMATOGRAPHY; DRUG STANDARDS
ID 2-3
A RECOMMENDED PROCEDURE TO ESTABLISHING
THE PROFILING OF METHYLAMPHETAMINE BY
SYNTHETIC ROUTES
Vanitha Kunalan
Narcotics Section, Forensic Division, Department of Chemistry,
Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
Methylamphetamine can be synthesised by several routes
by normally using one of two precursors. Each route results
in possible contaminants (by-products, inter mediates and
impurities) that is influenced by the precursors, reagents,
and synthetic method used for production. Contaminants
can facilitate identification of the synthetic route, origin of
precursors and may suggest information as to the location of
manufacture of these illicit drugs. Contaminant profiling can
provide vital intelligence for investigations in which linking
seizures or identifying the synthetic pathway is essential.
This presentation presents a procedure containing five major
steps was followed to analyse and classify synthesised
methylamphetamine samples. It is important for researcher
in this field to practice this recommended procedure as a
practical guideline in the profiling and discrimination batches
of seized methylamphetamine. Valuable information can
be extracted from profiling work and in turn, leading to an
increase in evidential value and forensic drug intelligence
from forensic drug samples.
This research involves repetitive synthesis of
methylamphetamine using eight methods most accessible
to clandestine chemists. Various analytical techniques
were used in order to determine the organic and inorganic
impurities. In the first technique, organic impurities
were extracted and analysed by gas chromatograph mass
spectrometry (GCMS) using DB-5 column. The GCMS
method was able to discriminate all the eight routes based on
the ‘target route specific impurities’. In the second technique,
the stable isotope ratios of carbon (d13C), nitrogen (d15N)
and hydrogen (d2H) were measured by elemental analyzer/
thermal conversion isotope ratio mass spectrometry (EA/
TC-IRMS), which allowed determination of the samples
152
by precursors. Accurate discrimination of the samples by
precursors was demonstrated using plots of the d values, with
d13C affording the best discrimination. In the third technique,
inorganic impurities present in the final product of the
methylamphetamine synthesis were analysed by inductive
couple plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Results indicate
that trace metal impurities allow discrimination by synthetic
pathway. Pattern recognition techniques were applied to the
GCMS data, IRMS data, ICPMS data, a combination of two
data and all three data. Hierarchiral cluster analysis, principal
component analysis and discriminate analysis provided
meaningful discrimation of the batches, demonstrating that
methylamphetamine profiling to link samples by starting
material and/or synthetic route is achievable. Hence the fivestep procedure is sufficient for any chemist who attempts
discriminates batches of methylamphetamine samples by
synthetic routes.
KEYWORDS PROCEDURE; METHYLAMPHETAMINE;
PROFILING
ID 2-4
EVIDENCE RECOVERY AND CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
FOR INVESTIGATION AND PROSECUTION OF TWO
DRUG SMUGGLING CASES
Xing Huang1, Weixin Wang2 , Ying Chang2 , Jun Zhu2 ,
Lisheng Gao2
1
Department of Science and Research Managment, Institute of
Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, China;
2
Department of Drug Analysis, Institute of Forensic Science,
Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, China
More attention has been paid for drug analysis in the lab to
identify the components in seized drugs, resolving molecular
structure of unknown substances and determine the amount
of drugs. All information is of importance to certify criminal
facts and provide proofs for punishment in court. The proof
of drug smuggling case, however, is usually not limited in
reports concerning the content listed above, but also covers
the report helpful to describe the crime clues and build
linkage of exhibit and fact. Facing the later, scientists often
meet much more difficulty such as trace evidence, which is
hard to recover good sample for analysis.
This paper presented two cases in which even though other
evidences have indicated the fact of drug smuggling, it was
lack of the linkage between the drugs and suspects. Without
confession to drug smuggling by the suspects, the detectives
assumed: (1) in the first case, the suspect carried heroin bricks
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
value is complete when it is accompanied by a statement of
the associated uncertainty. Measurement uncertainty (MU)
provides complete information about the analytical result
and enables the user of the result to better evaluate the result
and make a decision. The evaluation of the uncertainty
associated with measurement results is a requirement for
testing laboratories accredited to the ISO/IEC 17025 or the
American Society of Crime Laboratory Directors/Laboratory
Accreditation Board (ASCLD/LAB). There are two main
approaches for estimating MU – the bottom-up approach
which attempts to identify and quantify all individual
uncertainty components; and the top-down approach which
is based on validation and quality control data, assuming that
they are representative for all measurements for the method.
This presentation shows a practical way to estimate
MU using the top-down approach which is in line
with the ISO principles. The MU for the determination
of methamphetamine via high performance liquid
chromatography by the top-down approach is discussed. A
reality check of the estimated MU is made by comparing
it with the Horwitz’s equation and data from an external
proficiency testing program.
E V I D E N C E R E C O V E RY; C H E M I C A L
ANALYSIS; DRUG
The clandestine manufacture of drugs has recently
expanded around the world. Compared to such plantbased drugs as heroin, cocaine and cannabis, synthetic
drugs such as methylamphetamine, amphetamine and
3, 4-methyldioxymethamphetamine (3, 4-MDMA) are
relatively easy to manufacture in clandestine laboratories
from commonly available chemicals.
In Malaysia, ketamine first emerged as a drug of abuse in
1998, appearing most commonly in the form of relatively
pure crystalline powder and in “ecstasy” tablets. In May 2001
it was scheduled as a controlled substance and by then it has
joined heroin, cannabis, and methamphetamine as the top
four drugs of abuse in the country. Large quantities (multikilograms) of relatively very pure crystalline ketamine
originating from India have been seized intermittently over
KEYWORDS
ID 2-5
TOP-DOWN APPROACH FOR THE EVALUATION
OF THE MEASUREMENT OF UNCERTAINTY FOR
METHAMPHETAMINE DETERMINATION BY LIQUID
CHROMATOGRAPHY
Charmaine Hu, Kee Bian Chan, Wendy Lim, Merula
Mangudi, Michelle Woo, Angeline Yap
Illicit Drugs Division, Health Sciences Authority, Singapore
All measurements are subject to uncertainty and a measured
UNCERTAINTY; LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY;
METHAMPHETAMINE
KEYWORDS
ID 2-6
SEIZURE OF A CLANDESTINE KETAMINE
LABORATORY IN MALAYSIA
Vanitha Kunalan, Maimonah Sulaiman, Chan Kee Bian
Department of Chemistry, Ministry of Science, Technology and
Innovation, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
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AFSN WORKGROUP WORKSHOP
Oct 13 (Mon)
in his pocket and threw them away immediately at sight of
police, then denied his drug smuggling; (2) in the second
case, in order to hide criminal clues, the suspects sold their
car used for carrying ephedrine. The detectives found this car
after several months, however, no proof indicated directly it
was once used for carrying ephedrine. And the car has been
further cleaned by the new owner and little drug was assumed
to be left.
Since more direct proof and criminal fact profile shall be
presented in court, the suspects’ clothes and car, which were
suspected to be used for carrying drugs, were submitted to
the lab for recovering proper evidence and determining the
presence of drug.
Proper methods were used to recover the trace drug from
clothes and car, and then the analytical technique was used
to identify the presence of drug. In the first case, heroin was
detected from the extract which is obtained by immersing the
patch of the suspect’s clothing into ethanol and concentrating
under nitrogen gas purging. In the second case, ephedrone
was detected from the extract which is obtained by wiping
and colleting the residue from the car, and then dissolving
the residue into methanol followed by concentrating under
nitrogen gas purging.
The results ascertained the detectives’ assumption and
provided the strong proof to the court for making sentence.
These two cases highlighted the importance of the objective
evidences which reveal more information based on analytical
techniques and forensic scientist who are demanded to
involve the criminal scene investigation and evidence
recovery. By this paper, it is suggested that, for the better
chain of evidence, cooperation between detectives and
scientists are highly encouraged, especially, involvement in
evidence recovery is of necessity to forensic scientist from
the drug analysis laboratory.
AFSN WORKGROUP WORKSHOP
Oct 13 (Mon)
WFF2014
the past 10 years. These and other relatively very pure
crystalline ketamine seizures were thought to be diversions
from legitimate sources.
In this work we report the first encounter of a clandestine
ketamine laboratory in Malaysia. The facility, located
at a warehouse near the capital city of Kuala Lumpur,
was seized in July 2013. The synthetic route utilized was
based on the Calvin Stevens (Parke Davis) patent with
cyclopentyl chloride replacing cyclopentyl bromide and
the last step conversion of hydroxylimine hydrochloride
(also known as 1-[(2-chlorophenyl)(methylimino)methyl]
cyclopentanol hydrochloride) to ketamine was affected
by prolonged heating in 1, 2-dichlorobenzene instead of
decalin. The discovery of this clandestine laboratory is a
significant development as heretofore it has been surmised
that clandestine of ketamine manufacture is too difficult and
complex.
Cases based on the tightening of import and export of some
precursors such as ephedrine and P2P were also highlighted.
Syndicate always learned how to find new precursors for the
synthesis of ATS. Lastly, the CLIC training also serves to
update our literature on journals and publication.
This presentation also includes my presentation during the
CLIC training in Boston in 2013. In Indonesia, cases of
clandestine laboratories are dominated by the Nagai route
and Emde route. Most of them are small scale clandestine
laboratories involving kitchen laboratories or big scale
clandestine laboratories such as cases discovered in Cikande,
West Java (2005) and Batam (2007). In a new case in 2013,
NNB’s Police dismantled 1 kitchen lab in Cimahi, West
Java. Another case was in July 2013 where NNB’s Police
intercepted an exporter of precursor (safrole oil) to LA, USA.
This person was producing safrole oil from camphora woods
in East Java and the amount of precursor was 310 Lt.
KEYWORDS K E T A M I N E ; C A LV I N S T E V E N S ;
CLANDESTINE LABORATORY
KEYWORDS FORENSIC CAPACITY BUILDING; CLIC;
TRAINING
ID 2-7
FORENSIC CAPACITY BUILDING - CLIC TRAINING
Riska Dwi Widayati
Drug Testing Laboratory, National Narcotics Board of
Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
In forensic casework, updating knowledge and sharing
knowledge in communities are very important to gain
information in our fight against syndicates of drugs. The
annual Clandestine Laboratory Investigating Chemists
Association (CLIC) Seminar serves as a great training
platform to facilitate the sharing of knowledge on the new
methods of drug synthesis. This training is specialized in the
investigation of clandestine laboratory (including crime scene
analysis of precursors/new precursors, drugs, chemicals and
synthetic route analysis), forensic analysis (drug signature
analysis, mechanism of action and adverse effects of drugs
used, chemical weapon such as ricin analysis), analytical
chemistry technique (GCMS analysis, SWGDRUG Library,
extraction of psychoactive plants) and laboratory safety
(safety procedure for entering clandestine laboratory).
It is important to attend this CLIC training due to the reality
of the fast emergence of designer drugs. In the CLIC training,
extraction and analysis of psychoactive plants are taught.
In addition, the analysis of NPS by updating our method
analysis and GCMS library was also shared. Information
about new precursors or alternative precursors was provided.
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WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
TOXICOLOGY
TX 2-1 / 2-2
DRUG FACILITATED SEXUAL ASSAULT: GET IT RIGHT! THE RIGHT INVESTIGATION, THE RIGHT DRUG, THE
RIGHT SPECIMEN, THE RIGHT LAB AND, THE RIGHT INTERPRETATION
The goal of this presentation is to educate and inform participants about the correct process for investigation and selecting the
proper testing protocol in suspected DFSA cases. The advantages and disadvantages of the several potential test specimens will
be discussed. The analytical capabilities and limitations of the testing processes will be discussed and evaluated.
This presentation will impact the forensic science community by informing practitioners how to obtain the maximum amount
of information from a potentially limited amount of DFSA evidence by the initiating appropriate investigation, selecting the
proper specimen, testing protocol and laboratory to perform the analysis.
Sexual assault investigations, especially when Drug Facilitated Sexual assault is involved, require a thorough characterization
of properly collected evidence and an informed interpretation of results. The critical steps are: 1) the collection and preservation
of evidence, 2) the submission of the evidence to an adequately equipped laboratory and 3) the interpretation of the findings of
these analyses.
The proper collection and preservation of evidence has been addressed, normalized and disseminated for biological evidence
intended for DNA testing, but not for forensic toxicology including DFSA evidence.
The analytical capabilities of laboratories vary widely. DFSA evidence must be analyzed for a large number of drugs, many
of which require special techniques and expertise not available in some laboratories. Laboratories that mainly provide clinical
laboratory services or occupational urine drug screens are seldom appropriate for forensic toxicology. The lab selected to
perform DFSA testing should be able to furnish a report either excluding or confirming the presence of alcohol, opiates,
benzodiazepines, tricyclic antidepressants, antihistamines, muscle relaxants, barbiturates, and cannabinoids.
The interpretation of analytical data in forensic toxicology is not standardized. This results in confusion among those who are
responsible for adjudicating alleged DFSA assaults.
Standards for the type of sample collected, the handling of DFSQA evidence, a comprehensive drug screen and standardized
interpretation of results would assist the trier’s of fact in determining whether DFSA occurred, thereby protecting both the
rights of the victims and the accused.
155
AFSN WORKGROUP WORKSHOP
Oct 13 (Mon)
Ashraf Mozayani1, Douglas Posey2
1
Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas, United States; 2International Forensic Science Consultants, Houston, Texas, United
States
WFF2014
TRACE EVIDENCE
TE 2-1 / 2-2
HOW TO ASSES A FIBRE CASE, PLAN AN EXAMINATION STRATEGY AND EVALUATE THE FINDINGS
AFSN WORKGROUP WORKSHOP
Oct 13 (Mon)
Kornelia Nehse
Forensic Science Institute, Landeskriminalamt Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Fibres are generally minute traces which can’t be detected with the naked eye. Despite their minute seize they can provide
useful information and lead to valuable results if handled with care.
PART 1 – Trace Evidence Recovery at the Scene
The workshop provides information regarding fibre evidence recovery on the scene in mayor crime cases (e.g. murder and
sexual assault). The method allows a very detailed mapping of found fibres in the course of examination and analysis.
Methods, means and reasons for this technique will be described on basis of a fictive case scenario.
PART 2 – Case Conference, Case Assessment and Examination Plan
The actual workshop is starting with a case conference where information regarding the situation at the scene, first investigative
results and medical findings are discussed to assess the case and to plan and visualize a strategy for fibre examination.
PART 3 – Analytical Methods and Instrumentation
There will be also a focus on the different analytical methods and instrumentation used for fibre identification.
PART 4 – Evaluation of Findings
Since the textile market is in constant movement, new fibre developments, colours and shades are available. Furthermore fibre
material is also highly influenced by batch variation, UV, wear and tear, washing powder and washing procedures inducing e.g.
colour changes and fading.
Despite most of the fibres seen in case work are more basic types (in colour and material), they may have undergone more or
less intense changes during their individual lifetime which may enhance the evidential value. Numeral fibre components found
in one case, even of the more basic type, can also heavily enhance the evidential value of findings. An indirect transfer of fibres
may increase the value of results in addition.
A reliable fibre analysis and comparison is the basis of all information provided yet there is far more to it.
Fibres intelligence work may help to identify the potential source of certain fibres and offers extended possibilities to assist
investigation.
Highly differentiating methods of trace recovery in combination with case related background information may allow “Activity
Level” interpretation and can be recognized as challenge and chance to assist investigators during their investigation and
enhance the evidential value of findings to be presented in court. However a constant exchange of information is the basis for
successful work since changing conditions may alter the interpretation of results.
The relevance of findings will also be discussed e.g. in relation to shedding abilities of garments, fibre persistence and fibre
distribution to come to a well formed conclusion regarding the evidential value of findings and it will be assessed if findings
reflect the assumed scenario and fit into the case context.
PART 5 – Case Presentation
Fibre findings will be visualized via maps to show the fibre distribution and fibre charts to emphasize on the fibre network and
their relations.
156
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
QUALITY ASSURANCE & STANDARDS COMMITTEE
QASC 2-1 / 2-2
MOVING TOWARD MORE EFFECTIVE WAYS OF MANAGING BACKLOG – ENGAGING IN CONTINUOUS
IMPROVEMENT
Anja Einseln
Becoming a supervisor can be both a blessing and a firecracker. While there may be ideas of ‘finally being able to fix what’s
wrong here’ there can also be the surprise of becoming aware of undercurrents and ulterior motives that you were not aware
of before moving to your new supervisory position. The focus of this presentation will be to highlight areas within ISO/IEC
17025 where the document provides hints and guidance on matters that should be tracked and revisited frequently to harvest
data and information to improve an organization. Additional successful strategies employed by several forensic supervisors will
be provided.
157
AFSN WORKGROUP WORKSHOP
Oct 13 (Mon)
ASCLD-LAB, USA
WFF2014
CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION
CSI 3-1
AFSN WORKGROUP WORKSHOP
Oct 14 (Tue)
CONSTRUCTION AND APPLICATION OF SHOEPRINT
INFORMATION SYSTEM IN CHINA
Huanzhang Fu, Maosen Ban
Marks Examination, Institute of Forensic Science, Beijing,
China
Shoeprint is one of the most abundant forms of evidence
at a crime scene left by an offender, however its efficient
utilization is still a great problem compared to its high
rate of collection in the crime scene investigation. In the
age of information society, China Police has constructed a
series of shoeprint information system based on the modern
information techniques, for the better use of shoeprint in
the criminal investigation, such as shoeprint Automatic
Recognition System for the management and utilization
of shoeprint, Shoesample Database Application System
for searching the corresponding shoesamples according
to the shoeprint collected at a crime scene and Shoeprint
Collaborative Application System for linking criminal
cases across the provinces etc. We will introduce all these
information systems and their application in the criminal
investigation in this presentation.
KEYWORDS SHOEPRINT; INFORMATION SYSTEM;
AUTOMATIC RECOGNITION
CSI 3-2
CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION IN MONGOLIA
Batmyagmar Bataa, Ochirbat Togookhuu
Policy and Strategic develeopment, Mongolian National
Institute of Forensic Science, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
We are celebrating 70 year of establishment of forensic
services in Mongolia. It started with dosen experts, such as
forensic photographer, fingerprint examiner and expert of
mark examiners.
Now National Institite of Forensic Science is nationwide
forensic serving agency under Ministry of Justice, and
with about 500 staffs. NIFS Mongolia has 5 main forensic
departments such as Forensic science department, forensic
medicine department, department of crimininalistics,
Forensic accounting department, Metropolitan forensic
services of Capital city and also 21 provinces Forensic
service branches.
158
Main duty of Metropolitan Forensic service of Capital city
and other forensic service branches in provinces is crime
scene investigation. There are a few specifications in crime
scene processing that are related mongolian population,
administrative units, climats conditions, law regulations
and so. We have goods and bads. I will share about it in my
presnetation.
KEYWORDS CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION; CSI
WORKGROUP; MONGOLIAN NATIONAL INSTITUTE
OF FORENSIC SCIENCEE
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
DNA
DNA 3-1
RECENT ACTIVITIES IN THE UNITED STATES:
THE NATIONAL COMMISSION ON FORENSIC SCIENCE AND THE ORGANIZATION OF SCIENTIFIC AREA
COMMITTEES
The development of a quality infrastructure for forensic science was a key component of some of the reforms anticipated in
the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) 2009 report entitled “Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States: A Path
Forward.” In response to the NAS report, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the US Department
of Justice (DOJ) formed a partnership in March 2013 which specified the establishment of a National Commission on Forensic
Science (NCFS) and development of “Guidance Groups” now termed Scientific Area Committees (SACs).
NCFS membership was announced in January 2014 and the first Commission meeting was held February 3-4, 2014 in
Washington, DC. From over 300 applicants, thirty-seven individuals were selected to achieve a diversity of experiences,
including federal, state, and local forensic science service providers; research scientists and academicians; federal, state, local
prosecutors, defense attorneys and judges; law enforcement; and other relevant stakeholders. The Commission is led by cochairs James Cole, Deputy Attorney General, and Dr. Willie May, Acting NIST Director. Nelson Santos, Deputy Assistant
Administrator for the Office of Forensic Sciences at the Drug Enforcement Administration, and Dr. John Butler, Special
Assistant to the Director for Forensic Science, serve as the DOJ and NIST Vice-Chairs, respectively. The NCFS is a federal
advisory committee for DOJ and as such follows prescribed rules that include public meetings and a balance of perspectives.
Commissioners come from 21 states and represent: professors of biochemistry, chemistry, pathology, physics, sociology,
statistics, and law (including a Nobel laureate and National Medal of Science recipient); crime laboratory directors; judges,
prosecutors, and defense attorneys; and a sheriff, detective, coroner, medical examiner, victims’ advocates, and defendants’
rights advocates. All NCFS meetings are public and materials are available at http://www.justice.gov/ncfs.
NIST developed the Organization of Scientific Area Committees (OSAC) to administer and coordinate support for the
discipline-specific SACs (see http://www.nist.gov/forensics/osac.cfm). In September 2013, NIST issued a Notice of Inquiry
(NOI) in the Federal Register to obtain national and international input on the establishment and structure of governance
models. Eighty-two submissions were received in response to the NOI. The OSAC is designed to provide uniform
administration for development, promulgation, and adoption of documentary standards in the forensic science community.
While NCFS is a DOJ advisory group to enact policies, OSAC will be an on-going community effort to improve forensic
practices through developing documentary standards that can be used by accrediting bodies in future audits of forensic
laboratories. This presentation will review progress made with NCFS and OSAC.
159
AFSN WORKGROUP WORKSHOP
Oct 14 (Tue)
John M. Butler
National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
WFF2014
DNA 3-2
AFSN WORKGROUP WORKSHOP
Oct 14 (Tue)
THE POWERFUL AND EFFECTIVE APPLICATION
PROCESS FOR CAPTURING A SERIAL RAPIST BY THE
UTILIZATION OF FORENSIC DNA INFORMATION
Sammy Jung, Nam Soo Cho
Forensic DNA Analysis Division, National Forensic Service,
Wonju, Korea (South)
We report here the application and utilization process of
the forensic DNA information for capturing of a serial
rapist. During 2005-2009 a serial rapist from the Western
region, Gyeonggi Province committed at least 5 rapes. An
unknown offender sexually assaulted women in their house.
Information of an offender was insufficient. DNA profile of
an offender was obtained from the victims’ bodies and crime
scene while performing on-site investigation. The DNA
samples from crime scene were analyzed with three forensic
DNA methods (autosomal STR, Y- STR haplotypes, and
mitochondrial DNA). Crime scene aspects of a serial rapist
show similar components in the viewpoint of geographical
and behavioral characteristics. Two men (the convicted
person and a serial rapist) had identical Y-STRs haplotypes
in 17 Y-chromosome STR loci and possessed common
alleles in 15 out of 15 autosomal loci. We supposed that this
suspect could be a man closely related to the rapist. 17 Y-STR
haplotype of the biological materials left at five serial crime
scenes was carried a star-like cluster from a specific surname
in Korea population data [Forensic Sci. Int.: Genetics
5(2011), e122-123]. In societies, patrilineal surnames and
Y-STR haplotypes are expected to be correlated. After few
days, this information was sent to the police and DNA sample
of the offender was obtained after his arrest. DNA profile
was exactly matched with those in the crime scene samples.
The frequency of the CODIS DNA profile identified was
estimated to be 5.28 x 10-16 in a Korean population. The
comprehensive application including forensic DNA analysis
and criminal profiling could lead to trace felonious criminals
in forensic investigations on a much wider scale than has
been used to date.
KEYWORDS DNA INFORMATION; FORENSIC DNA
METHOD, SURNAME; A SERIAL RAPIST
DNA 3-3
DNA EXAMINATION OF MENTAL GIRL WHO HAD NO
MEMORY OF BEING RAPED, WHERE PENETRATION
WITHOUT EJACULATION BY SEXUAL ASSAILANTS.
160
Sarabjit Singh
DNA Division, forensic Science Services, Government of
National Capital Territory of Delhi, New Delhi, India
Sex related crimes are most heinous humiliating and
unwitnessed crime. Women and Children remain the most
vulnerable group to this crime. A girl is the most defenseless
group to this crime because inability to protect themselves.
Now a day’s 90% criminal is getting smarter than before
he wearing a condom in sexual assault cases.In case of
stains that contain mixed DNA from different contributors,
analyzing Condom with Male urethral epithelial cells from
Vaginal Swab. The presence of a single allele from each male
should facilitate the determination of the correct number of
male donors. DNA from two males was mixed in various
ratios (1/2, 1/3, 1/6, 1/12, 1/15, 1/20, 1/30) and a total of
3 ng amplified using Y-STR profile. The presence of two
individuals determined by the presence of two allelic signals
at a single locus (except DYS385) was clearly discernible,
when the 1st Suspect was present at 1/2, 1/3, 1/4 and 1/6
Concentration of the suspect 2nd. However when first
contributor comprised 1/12 or less of the total DNA in which
male Urethral epithelial and Outer Surface of condom DNA
revealed by Autosomal STR filer and the Second contributor
was noticeable in inside part of Condom by Y-STR profile.
The identification of the number of male donors by Y-STR
analysis is exemplified in the case of a two-male admixture
DNA with Condom. The significance of condom evidence
confirmed Sexual assault and forensic nurse statement for
Court testimony that collection of vaginal swab, epithelial
cell when victim approach for medical examination due to
regular intra vaginal bleeding.
KEYWORDS FORENSIC SCIENCE; DNA PROFILING,
RAPE CASES; CONDOM, Y-STR.
DNA 3-4
IDENTIFICATION OF SEVERELY BURNED CORPSES:
LIMITATION OF TYPE OF BODY PARTS TO BE USED
AS DNA SAMPLE (CASE REPORT)
Djaja Surya Atmadja1, Evi Untoro2
1
Department of Forensic Medicine and Medico-legal, Faculty
of Medicine University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia;
2
Instalation of Forensic Medicine, Sentra Medika Cibinong
Hospital, Bogor, Indonesia
Introduction. DNA typing is the method of choice for
personal identification, for its high degree of determination.
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
KEYWORDS B U R N E D B O D Y; S T R D N A T Y P I N G ;
PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION
DNA 3-5
AN EXPERIENCE OF THE DNA DIFFERENTIAL
ANALYSIS VIA QIAGEN QIA CUBE
Nor Aidora Saedon, Normazlina Zainuddin, Nurul Hazirah
Mat Lasim@mahasan, Hazwani Hapiz, Norummiza
Kamaruzzaman, Mohd Firdaus Che Amran, Baktiar Kassim
Forensic DNA Section, Forensic Division, Department of
Chemistry, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
Manual differential analysis proves to be taxing as the stained
substrate needs to be twirled as least 2 minutes to assist the
DNA diffusion. QIAGEN designed an apparatus, Qia Cube
which is able to separate the male and female and later
extract the DNA using the QIAmp Investigator Kit. Mock
Forensic Samples consists of semen and blood mixtures were
prepared at different concentration and stained on jeans and
cotton. These samples were later dried at different conditions
before extracting via the DNA via Qia Cube. Extracted DNA
samples were later quantitated via the QuantiFiler Trio Kit
and amplified and run on the 3500xl Genetic Analyzer. The
results indicated that the Qia Cube are able to separate out the
sperm cells and the non-sperm cells and these extracts have
successfully generated DNA profiles.
KEYWORDS QIA CUBE; DIFFERENTIAL ANALYSIS;
INVESTIGATOR KIT
DNA 3-6
QUANTIFILER TRIO : AN EVALUATION ON MOCK
CASEWORK DIFFERENTIAL ANALYSIS SAMPLES
Nor Aidora Saedon, Normazlina Zainuddin, Mohd Sufiyan
Azah, Nurul Hazirah Mat Lazim@mahasan, Hazwani
Hapiz, Mohd Firdaus Che Amran, Baktiar Kassim
Forensic DNA Section, Forensic Division, Department of
Chemistry, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
Forensic DNA analysis has matured and evolved dramatically
within the last 4 years in terms of extraction and amplification
process. Often than not, we neglect the quantitation process
which proven to be essential in determining the outcome of a
balanced DNA profile. A new quantitation kit, The QuantiFiler
Trio was designed to incorporate not only the Total DNA and
the Male DNA but also comes with the Degradation Index. The
Degradation Index was intended to assist forensic scientists on
the presence of any inhibitors and its significance.
Mock casework samples were utilized to evaluate on the
sensitivity and the Male/Female ratio, whereas bone extracts
were used to assess the Degradation Index. A total of 324
samples were quantitated and the results were then exploited
for amplification and run on the 3500xl Genetic Analyzer.
The results indicated that the quantitation kit is able to detect
as low as 0.005ng of DNA and the Degradation Index factor
confirmed to be helpful in assessing the quality of the DNA
extracts prior to the amplification process.
KEYWORDS QUANTIFILER TRIO; DEGRADATION
INDEX; DNA
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AFSN WORKGROUP WORKSHOP
Oct 14 (Tue)
DNA is also known for its stability to environment influences
and its wide range of sample choices for analysis. In case
with severely burned body, DNA sample collection faces
the limitation of sample for analysis, especially if almost of
the body has been charred. Case report. The police authority
received a report that a car was shot and burned in a remote
area of mining ground in Timika, West Papua. In the crime
scene the CSI team found a car with up sided position,
had been severely burned out. Two charred body were
found in the front part of the car, in sitting position without
extremities. The autopsy was performed in the Freeport
Hospital to determine the cause of death. The radiographs on
the charred materials showed no bullet nor missiles and also
no fracture related to gunshot injury. The findings of mucous
mixed with sooth in the trachea, and the cherry red color of
incision surface of psoas muscle showed that the victims were
alive when burning happened. Two corporate employee, the
head and vice security commanders, were missing and they
were suspected as the victims. For personal identification, the
postmortem information were very limited because almost
all of tissue was burned to char, including teeth and bones.
No blood sample can be collected from the charred tissue.
Fortunately, a part of psoas muscle were intact because it
was protected by the abdominal wall, abdominal organs,
and ribs. For DNA examination, incision surface of psoas
muscle was rubbed onto FTA card classic. The venous bloods
sample were taken from daughter-wife and son-wife of
suspected persons’ family. DNA from FTA was extracted by
using FTA protocol kit and blood sample by Wizard genomic
purification kit (Promega), followed by amplification on
15 STR loci of Identifiler (Perkin Elmer). DNA analysis
successfully confirmed that the victims were the suspects.
Conclusion. DNA sample in the severely burned body is
limited depending on the severity of burning. A simple smear
of intact protected tissue, such as psoas muscle, can be used
for DNA analysis.
WFF2014
DNA 3-7
AFSN WORKGROUP WORKSHOP
Oct 14 (Tue)
EVALUATION OF THE PROTOTYPE PROMEGA
POWERQUANTTM SYSTEM FOR DNA
QUANTITATION
Jazelyn Salvador1, 2 , Maria Lourdes Honrado1, Dame
Loveliness Apaga2 , Gayvelline Calacal1, 2 , Maria Corazon De
Ungria1, 2
1
DNA Analysis Laboratory, Natural Sciences Research Institute,
University of the Philippines, Quezon City, Philippines;
2
Program on Forensics and Ethnicity, Philippine Genome
Center, Quezon City, Philippines
PowerQuantTM System is a newly developed quantitative
PCR-based system from Promega that is used to monitor
the integrity of DNA and to determine the total amount
of autosomal and male DNA through the inhibition,
degradation, autosomal and Y targets that are incorporated
in the kit. Early this year, the University of the Philippines,
Natural Sciences Research Institute, DNA Analysis
Laboratory (UP-NSRI-DAL) was invited by Promega
Corporation to take part in the alpha test of a prototype
PowerQuantTM System on the Applied Biosystems 7500
Real-Time PCR System using the HID Real-Time PCR
Analysis Software v1.1 (Life Technologies). We report
here our laboratory’s experience in following the protocol
provided and results of the alpha test. We assessed the
sensitivity of the PowerQuantTM System to determine the
range of DNA concentrations that are able to produce reliable
quantitation results. Simulated mixture and degraded DNA
samples were also quantitated using the kit to determine
the range of detectable mixture ratio, and to determine the
presence and amount of degraded DNA, respectively. To
correlate DNA quantity with DNA quality for downstream
genotyping, samples were amplified using PowerPlex® 21
and PowerPlex® Y23 Systems (Promega). We found the
prototype PowerQuant™ System to be useful in determining
the total amount of autosomal and male DNA in the samples
tested, as well as evaluate the degree of degradation in
simulated degraded DNA samples. We observed a strong
correlation between the [Autosomal]/[Degradation] ratio
value obtained using the PowerQuantTM System, and the
autosomal STR (aSTR) profile. Increased drop-out of largersized aSTR markers was observed as the [Autosomal]/
[Degradation] ratio increases (>1.97). In addition, the
PowerQuantTM System produced more consistent
[Autosomal]/[Y] ratio for single-source male samples and
is more sensitive to very low amounts of DNA (<1 pg/µL)
as compared to the Plexor® HY System (Promega), which
we are currently using. Based on our experience, with
162
minor improvement and/or adjustment in the prototype kit’s
chemistry and analysis protocol, the PowerQuantTM System
is likely to provide a better estimate of the quality, quantity
and nature of human DNA in case samples compared to other
assays. The presence of four DNA targets in one reaction
maximizes the amount of information that one can extract
from a limited amount of DNA contained in evidentiary
samples that are submitted for forensic DNA analysis.
D N A Q U A N T I T Y; D N A Q U A L I T Y;
POWERQUANT SYSTEM
KEYWORDS
DNA 3-8
POWERQUANT™ SYSTEM: A NEW ROBUST HUMAN
AND MALE SPECIFIC DNA QUANTIFICATION
SYSTEM THAT MONITORS DNA INTEGRITY
Jessi Sim
Training and Support, Promega Corporation, Perth, Australia
Forensic casework samples, are extremely variable in terms
of DNA quantity and quality, and therefore, present unique
challenges which require DNA analysts to determine the
best possible workflow in order to achieve successful STR
analysis. Using currently available quantification kits, the
analyst relies on quantification values, Auto/Y ratio and
IPC Ct shift values to: 1) determine the optimal amount
of template in STR assay, 2) choose between running an
autosomal and/or Y-STR assay and 3) detect inhibitor
content in the sample. However, lack of information about
the sample’s DNA quality makes it impossible to distinctly
identify samples with low DNA integrity. Consequently,
the approach most likely to produce an STR profile from
challenging samples may be unclear, leading to repeated
sample processing and amplification. To address this need,
Promega has developed the PowerQuant™ System, a
sensitive, robust quantification kit which incorporates an
additional larger autosomal amplicon to monitor the integrity
of a DNA in a sample.
We will present data demonstrating sensitivity, resistance
to inhibitors, ability to detect DNA degradation, species
specificity, and male specificity at various ratios of male to
female DNA.
KEYWORDS QPCR, QUANTIFICATION, DNA INTEGRITY,
POWERPLEX®; INHIBITORS, DEGRADED DNA; STR
SYSTEMS, AUTOSOMAL/Y RATIO
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
ILLICIT DRUGS
ID 3-1 / 3-2
SWGDRUG RECOMMENDATIONS - PART III
Scott Oulton
Drug Enforcement Administration, United States
163
AFSN WORKGROUP WORKSHOP
Oct 14 (Tue)
The Scientific Working Group for the Analysis of Seized Drugs (SWGDRUG) was first formed in 1997 under the previous
name of the Technical Working Group for the Analysis of Seized Drugs (TWGDRUG). SWGDRUG is comprised of a core
committee of more than 20 forensic scientists from around the world, including representatives from international forensic
science networks such as ASCLD, SMANZFL, AICEF, ENFSI and AFSN, as well as regional forensic science networks and
major scientific organizations in USA. The mission of SWGDRUG is to recommend minimum standards for the forensic
examination of seized drugs and to seek their international acceptance. To fulfil this mission, SWGDRUG has published a set of
recommendations intended to assist forensic analysts and managers in the development of analytical techniques, protocols and
policies. The recommendations are recognized as the minimum standards that may be modified to address unique jurisdictional
requirements. SWGDRUG seeks to have these recommendations internationally accepted as the foundation for good laboratory
practice. These recommendations encompass Code of Professional Practice, Education and Training, Methods of Analysis and
Quality Assurance.
AFSN IDWG has partnered SWGDRUG to develop a 5-year program to comprehensively cover the basics of the SWGDRUG
recommendations, so as to assist the laboratory to enhance their quality of drug testing services. At last year’s AFSN IDWG
workshop, the topics “code of professional practice, education and training, and quality assurance general practices” were
covered. This year, Part III of the program will cover a review of the first two parts and specifically focus on sampling
drugs for qualitative analysis. The principal purpose of sampling in this context is to answer relevant questions about a
population by examination of a portion of the population (e.g., What is the net weight of the population? What portion of
the units of a population can be said to contain a given drug at a given level of confidence?). By developing a sampling
strategy and implementing appropriate sampling schemes, a laboratory will minimize the total number of required analytical
determinations, while assuring that all relevant legal and scientific requirements are met. A summary of the topics to be
discussed is provided below:
Review of Part I – Methods of Analysis/Drug Identification
Review of Part II – A code of Professional Practice for Drugs Analysts
Review of Part II – Education and Training
Review of Part II – Quality Assurance / General Practices
Part III – Methods of Analysis/Sampling Seized Drugs for Qualitative Analysis
It is envisioned that if laboratories are able to follow through this 5-year program and implement the recommendations
progressively in their laboratories as the program advances, the laboratory would be able to achieve the minimum standards as
recommended by SWGDRUG.
WFF2014
TOXICOLOGY
TX 3-1
AFSN WORKGROUP WORKSHOP
Oct 14 (Tue)
TRENDS OF DRUG-FACILITATED CRIMES IN EUROPE, WITH CASE STUDIES
Alain Verstraete1, 2
1
Department of laboratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium; 2Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology
and Immunology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
According to the 2001 British crime survey, 5% of rape victims had been drugged in some way, while a further 15% reported
being incapable of giving consent because they were under the influence of alcohol. The UK advisory council on the misuse
of drugs defined drug facilitated sexual assault (DFSA) in 2007: DFSA includes all forms of non-consensual penetrative
sexual activity whether it involves the forcible or covert administration of an incapacitating or desinhibiting substance by an
assailant, for the purpose of serious sexual assault, as well as sexual activity by an assailant with a victim who is profoundly
intoxicated by his or her own actions to the point of near or actual unconsciousness. In many English-speaking countries DFSA
is considered legally as an aggravating circumstance, or a separate crime, but the situation with regard to covert administration
of alcohol is less clear. In Germany, Italy and the UK DFSA is an aggravating circumstance, why will it is not in Spain and
France.
The number of reports of ‘date rape’ by the mass media and ‘DFSA’ in the scientific literature has increased. Reports about
‘date rape’ and ‘drink spiking’ have paid disproportionate attention to scenarios in which controlled drugs such as GHB
and Rohypnol® (flunitrazepam) have been used covertly to incapacitate a potential victim. Toxicological information from
different studies would suggest that only a very small proportion of the total number of sexual assault that are reported involve
the covert use of GHB or flunitrazepam. A review published in 2010 showed that GHB was detected in only 0.2-4.4% of
reported sexual assaults. Forensic studies indicate that alcohol (identified in nearly half of the cases of alleged DFSA in France
and the UK) and a range of benzodiazepines are more commonly implicated in cases of the DFSA. Other substances are
zolpidem, zopiclone, ketamine, muscle relaxants and antihistamines. Rising levels of recreational drugs and expanding drug
markets appear to offer new ways to incapacitate victims that may be faster and cheaper than alcohol. Central nervous system
stimulants are also frequently used in nightlife settings, they are disinhibiting and in secondary exhaustion phases drowsiness
is exacerbated by alcohol.
Studies report that cases of DFSA take place most commonly at the assailant’s address, at the victim’s own home address, or in
clubs and pubs where first contact is made.
Many efforts are needed in order to better document and sanction DFSA: altering products that might be used for sexual assault
(like the addition of a blue dye to Rohypnol®), taking of appropriate blood and urine samples in a timely manner from potential
victims and the use of very sensitive multi-analyte toxicological methods. One difficulty in drug identification is that the doses
administered are often low, hence toxicology laboratories need sophisticated equipment and expertise to detect the drugs to
ensure that the perpetrator is prosecuted or alternatively, to rule out DFSA. The French society for analytical toxicology has
published guidelines for the toxicological analysis of DFSA cases in 2003. If the toxicological analysis of blood and urine is
negative in a case of suspected DFSA, the analysis of a hair sample taken about four weeks after the assault can detect the
presence of drugs consumed at that time.
The presentation will be illustrated by cases from Europe that have been reported in the literature.
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WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
TRACE EVIDENCE
TE 3-1
WORKSHOP 2 - A-Z OF FORENSIC STATISTICS
Jame M. Curran
Statistics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
165
AFSN WORKGROUP WORKSHOP
Oct 14 (Tue)
In this workshop I will talk about the statistical interpretation of forensic evidence, and the issues that we need to deal with as
forensic scientists to do this. I will primarily base my presentation on the interpretation of forensic glass evidence as it serves as
a good model for other trace evidence types. Time permitting, I may also talk briefly about the interpretation of DNA, but this
is a very large topic and so will not be covered in any great depth.
The workshop will have an an emphasis on being practical rather than theoretical, but there will not be any practical component,
as there is insufficient time. I am happy, however, to take questions at any time whilst I am talking.
WFF2014
QUALITY ASSURANCE & STANDARDS COMMITTEE
QASC 3-1
FIVE THINGS TO CONSIDER IN FORENSIC LABORATORY DESIGN
Anja Einseln
AFSN WORKGROUP WORKSHOP
Oct 14 (Tue)
ASCLD-LAB, USA
Being provided with the amazing opportunity to design and develop a new laboratory space is both exciting and daunting. This
presentation will provide attendees with some ideas to consider and ponder during the design process. As we are all aware, time
invested in pre-planning is worth ten times the cost of having to rework and redesign. Topics to consider during the planning
process include visitor tours, stakeholders, being too glamorous, letting the architect go crazy with their design and vision, flash
in the pan technology, safeguarding room to expand and new forensic technology.
166
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
QASC 3-2
THE STATUS OF FORENSIC SCIENCE
LABORATORIES QUALITY CONTROL AND
ACCREDITATION IN CHINA
This article introduced the status of quality control and
accreditation of forensic science laboratories in China.
In the hand of quality control, CNAS associate with judiciary
organizations has PT plans every year and issued the rules for
Proficiency Testing frequency.
In the hand of laboratories accreditation, Accreditation has
been the one of requests for forensic science laboratories in
China. From 2003 to now, 272 forensic science laboratories
have attained the Laboratory Accreditation Certificate by
CNAS.
Meanwhile, scientists are studying on the standards of quality
control, especially for forensic testing and examination
process quality control. Their aim is to found a new forensic
science laboratory accreditation system in China.
KEYWORDS FORENSIC SCIENCE ; QUALITY CONTROL;
ACCREDITATION
QASC 3-3
THE STATE OF PROFICIENCY TESTS IN
THE FORENSIC SCIENCE COMMUNITY - AN
INTERNATIONAL SURVEY EFFORT
Melissa Taylor1, Ralph Kleuskens2
1
Forensic Science Program, National Institute of Standards and
Technology, Gaithersburg, Md, United States; 2NFI, Netherlands
Forensic Institute, The Hague, Netherlands
Whether responding to new requirements from accreditation
bodies, ensuring that your laboratory quality system meets
the requirements of ISO 17025, or your lab is looking for
a way to accurately evaluate the analytical performances,
the use of Proficiency Testing (PT) is critical for forensic
laboratories to ensure the ongoing accuracy and reliability of
their tests. PT's are developed, offered and used worldwide,
however, aggregate information about the availability of tests
across forensic disciplines is lacking. In addition, there is
limited information sharing among forensic service providers
about their experiences using commercially-available PTs or
lessons learned from implementing alternative assessments
strategies when formal PTs were unavailable. A resource
KEYWORDS
PROFICIENCY TESTS; QUALITY SYSYTEMS;
SURVEY
QASC 3-4
ANALYSIS ON THE INFLUENCE OF RECORDING WAY
ON VOICE IDENTIFICATION
Zhang Hongbing
Department of Criminal Scientific Technology, China Criminal
Police University, Shenyang, China
At present, the voice identification technology has been
gradually mature, the inspectors have begun to pay more
attention to the acquisition method of speech. The hardware
conditions and acquisition environment limit the acquisition
quality of speech, it is difficult to guarantee that the collection
methods of samples are same as the collection methods of
sample in the case of voice identification process. Due to the
difference of voice headstream in the course of recording the
detection specimen and the sample(the sample is live picked
up, the detection specimen is recorded from hands-free
telephone), distortion could happen to the voice. Voice can
be influenced by several factors, and that could damage the
objectivity things and lead to a wrong conclusion. The thesis
focuses on the tape from hands-free telephone, analyzing
on the influence in the acoustics way, analyzing parameter
and paralleling a collection of illustrative plates in term of
the technique of identifying voice. A series of studies on the
effects of Recording Way are meaningful, which will have
a far-reaching effect on speech evidence collection work.
Practical conclusion drew from this job finally, that will be
helpful for phonetic identification.
KEYWORDS
VOICE; WAY OF RECORDING; HANDS-
FREE
167
AFSN WORKGROUP WORKSHOP
Oct 14 (Tue)
Feng Hua
Department of Standard and Criterion, Institute of Forensic
Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, China
that provides information on available PTs which includes
discussion of thier scope, scoring criteria, and how the results
are reported is critically needed by the forensic science
community.This presentation will discuss the important
role PTs play in quality assurance programs and address the
current status of PTs in the forensic domain. This presentation
will provide information on a joint effort of the National
Institute of Standards and Technology and the Netherlands
Forensic Institute to conduct a survey of existing forensic
science –related proficiency tests. This presentation will also
provide useful performance criteria for evaluating existing
tests and suggest alternate assessment strategies to use when
formal PT tests are not available.
WFF2014
QASC 3-5
Assurance, Forensic science
THE CURRENT STATUS OF FORENSIC SCIENCE
LABORATORY ACCREDITATION IN KOREA
AFSN WORKGROUP WORKSHOP
Oct 14 (Tue)
Seung Beom Hong, Joon Ho Lee, Kyoung Don Kwak, Yoon
Jung Huh, Sang Kyu Hwang
National Forensic Service, Wonju, Korea (South)
The establishment of quality control system is very important
for forensic laboratories to prove the truth of their analytical
results objectively. For this to be achieved, a good level
of cooperation should be established and maintained.
International standard such as ISO/IEC 17025 which includes
the accreditation system and official accrediting body for
the testing laboratories has been a good tool that helps the
forensic institutes to achieve the effective quality assurance
goals.
The first international accreditation for the forensic
scientific test in Korea was introduced in 2004. The forensic
accreditation system in Korea is based on ISO/IEC 17025,
and the national accrediting body in Korea is the Korea
Laboratory Accreditation System (KOLAS) which is the
member of APLAC (Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation
Cooperation) and ILAC (International Laboratory
Accreditation Cooperation).
National Forensic Service (NFS) acquired first forensic
accreditation as testing laboratory in the DNA profiling
and Methamphetamine analysis in 2004. Now the forensic
accreditation has been expanded to 13 institutes including
5 governmental laboratories. The accredited fields have
been increased to 9 fields of all 15 ILAC forensic fields;
Controlled substance, Toxicology, DNA profiling, Trace
evidence, Firearms and ballistics, Handwriting and document
examination, Fingerprints, Marks and impressions, Audio/
Video and computer analysis. In addition, NFS acquired
two more accreditation in 2011; a provider of proficiency
testing (PT) programs, based on the ISO/IEC 17043 for
DNA profiling and hair analysis, and a Reference Materials
producer, especially manufacturing certified reference
materials (CRM) for methamphetamine in hair. Now, the
forensic accreditation system in Korea is consisted with the
Accrediting Body (KOLAS), 13 Testing Laboratories, a
provider of PT programs, and a Reference materials producer.
The number of specific forensic assessors exceeds over 35
scientists and is anticipated to increase continuously.
The expansion of the harmonization and accreditation
in forensic science will be helpful for optimizing and
strengthening the role of forensic laboratories in Korea.
KEYWORDS
168
Accreditation; Proficiency Testing; Quality
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
AFSN WORKGROUP
CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION
in lime.dump file than use SQLite analysis tools, we also
can find out some app’s password which UFED tool cannot
do. This paper presents a new method for recovering deleted
Phone Number/SMS and extracting app’s password.
CSI P-1
KEYWORDS M O B I L E F O R E N S I C S ; M E M O R Y
FORENSICS; ANDROID
Jintao Kang, Jingyang Li, Li Wang, Xiaodi Wang, Jie Cui
Intelligence Information and Technology Division, Institution of
Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, China
CSI P-3
This paper compares and analyzes the articulation rate, the
number of pauses, the duration of pauses, the duration of
speech (including the duration of speech without pauses), the
ratio of utterance and pause duration, the number of jitters/
speech errors, mean fundamental frequency and formant
frequencies of some words of different speech samples based
on the same text in reading and conversational conditions
by conducting experiments involving 10 subjects and 2
conditions. The conclusion shows that there is no significant
difference in the number of pauses and jitters/speech
errors while there are various degrees of differences in the
articulation rate, the duration of pauses, mean fundamental
frequency and formant frequencies of some words in 2
conditions.
KEYWORDS CONDITIONS; ARTICULATION RATE;
FORMANT FREQUENCIES
CSI P-2
ACQUISITION BASED ON LIME TOOLS AND
ANALYSIS OF LIVE MEMORY FROM ANDROID
PHONES
Yanrong Kang1, Jian Ruan2
1
Digital Forensics, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry
of Public Security, P.r.c., Beijing, China; 2Fada Institute of
Forensic Medicine & Science, China University of Political
Science and Law, Beijing, China
The mobile forensics research and analysis achievement
mainly focus on the SIM/SD card and the static memory, the
live memory research and analysis achievement is much less.
In this paper, we use LIME command sets acquired the live
memory as a lime.dump file, then analyse the file by string
matching, finally find out Phonebook/ SMS data (included
deleted data) and password of QQ/WeChat. This work proves
that we can find out more deleted Phone Number and SMS
IMPROVING THE FINGERPRINTS DATABASE OF
INDONESIAN POPULATION FROM E-ID CARD
THROUGH MAMBIS (MOBILE AUTOMATED MULTI
BIOMETRIC IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM) PORTAL
Hendrian Muntanzar
Indonesia Automated Fingerprint Identification System,
Indonesian National Police, Jakarta, Indonesia
The goal of improving fingerprints database of Indonesian
population from e-ID card through mAMBIS (Mobile
Automated Multi Biometric Identification System) portal is
to uncover the identity of offenders/perpetrators and victims
at the crime scene online.
The Center of Indonesia AFIS functions include technical
examination at crime scenes and examination of evidence
and human body especially fingerprints in order to obtain a
scientific proof of the investigation process carried out by the
law enforcement, both at central and region levels.
The problem we are facing is the lack of fingerprint data
of Indonesian population on the server at the Center of
Indonesia AFIS to compare with, thus it requires a solution
by having an MOU between the Indonesia National Police
of which lead referral is the Center of Indonesia AFIS on
Criminal Investigative Division with the Ministry of Home
Affairs regarding the integration of fingerprint data of e-ID
cards stored on their servers to be accessible and stored
on server of the Center of Indonesia AFIS for technical
assistance of investigation such as criminal record to support
law enforcement. The implementation of data integration
of e-ID card requires a portal called mAMBIS (Mobile
Automated Multi Biometric Identification System).
After IRIS and latent fingerprints are taken by mAMBIS
at crime scenes, the result will be forwarded to the portal
online by using internet access network in order to search the
fingerprint data at the server of e-ID card and server of Center
of Indonesia AFIS. If the identity of the finger print’s owner is
found, it will be automatically displayed on mAMBIS screen.
By using this tool, the known data of fingerprint of
Indonesian population increases so it is very useful to identify
169
AFSN WORKGROUP WORKSHOP
Oct 12 (Sun) ~ Oct 14 (Tue)
CHARACTERISTICS OF SPEECH SAMPLES IN TWO
DIFFERENT CONDITIONS
WFF2014
AFSN WORKGROUP WORKSHOP
Oct 12 (Sun) ~ Oct 14 (Tue)
the the identity of fingerprint owners whose fingertprints are
found at crime scenes. As a result, the Center of Indonesia
AFIS has managed to uncover the identity of the perpetrators
of terrorism, perpetrators of homicide, including the identities
of the victims rapidly on the spot, without having to wait the
result of the examination from the office.
KEYWORDS
ANALYSIS OF UNCERTAINTY IN CRIME SCENE
MEASUREMENTS BY A 3D LASER SYSTEM
Louis Koh, Wee Chuan Yeo, Thiam Bon Lim
Forensic Chemistry and Physics Laboratory, Health Sciences
Authority, Singapore
3D laser scanning has greatly increased the information
that can be captured at a crime scene and is widely seen as
complementary with traditional documentation methods.
The adaptation of such instrumentation typically used by
surveyors, engineers, and even archaeologists in acquiring
and preserving 3D realistic data is now an important tool in
forensic investigations.1 Crime scenes can now be “frozen”
permanently through millions of length and distance data
points that are recorded – all within the span of a few minutes.
Nonetheless, as with all dimensional measurements, the
investigator is often faced with the question of accuracy
and reliability. It is known that several factors (surface
reflectivity, range, scan angle and edge effects, interfering
radiation, temperature, and even humidity) can influence
the accuracy of the point cloud data obtained from by a
laser scan.2 However, most of the existing published work
employed ideal targets such as spheres and flat surfaces,
which differ greatly from objects typically found in the crime
scene.
In this project, we investigate the accuracy and uncertainty
of crime scene measurements using a commercially available
phase-based laser system. We also explore the latest trend in
targetless cloud-to-cloud registration.
References
(1) Buck, U.; Naether, S.; Räss, B.; Jackowski, C.; Thali, M.
J. Forensic Science International 2013, 225, 75.
(2) Boehler, W.; Bordas Vicent, M.; Marbs, A. The
International Archives of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing
and Spatial Information Sciences 2003, 34, 696.
SCENE
170
VIDEO INVESTIGATION TECHNOLOGY
DEVELOPMENT AND RESEARCH
Liu Hao
Network Information Center, National Police University of
China, Shenyang, China
MAMBIS; FINGERPRINT DATA; E-ID CARD
CSI P-4
KEYWORDS
CSI P-5
LASER SCANNING; UNCERTAINTY; CRIME
Along with more and more application of the idea for
strengthening the police with science and technology,
and construction of public security information, the video
investigation technology has gradually became the fourth
forensic investigation method for the public security
organization to solve the case following criminal technology,
moving technology and network investigation technology.
The video investigation is the result of the combination of
modern information technology and investigation practice,
which has been widely applied to the practice of the modern
forensic investigation. It has amply absorbed the excellent
achievements of modern information technology, its
unique technical features, which can greatly improve the
detection ability and detection efficiency of the investigation
organization, and that can effectively realize social
prevention and control, combat crime and maintain social
stability.
In this paper, the author detailedly discusses and analyses
the video investigation from five aspects, the summary of
the video investigation, the technical features of the video
investigation, the theoretical basis of the video investigation,
the information collection, current situation analysis and
application of the video investigation in our country, the
existent problem and development of the video investigation,
and the importance of the video investigation technology as a
new forensic investigation method is fully affirmed.
KEYWORDS VIDEO INVESTIGATION; INFORMATION
ANALYSIS; DETECTION EFFICIENCY
CSI P-6
THE DETECTION OF LATENT FINGERMARKS
BY SURFACE-MODIFIED UP-CONVERTING
NANOPHOSPHORS
Jun Wang
Forensic Science, Jiang Su Police Institute, Nanjing, China
Up-converting nanophosphors (UCPs) have the unique
property of up-converting, which could emit highenergy visible light when excited by low-energy infrared
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
KEYWORDS LATENT FINGERMARKS; UP-CONVERTING
NANOPHOSPHORS; SURFACE-MODIFIED
CSI P-7
THE STATURE ESTIMATE FROM FOOTPRINTS OF
PHU TAI TRIBES IN NORTHEAST THAILAND
Natphasin Wongpipat1, Rachadaporn Benchawattananon1,
Amporn Chamsuwan1
1
Forensic Science, Khonkaen University, Khonkaen, Thailand;
2
Forensic Medicine, Khonkaen University, Khonkaen, Thailand
Footprints is a very importance evidence. It is also a key
witness in the trial court landing a person who is the owner.
This research aims to determine the average length of a
footprints and the relationship between footprints length
and height to create a regression equation for estimating
height. The studies have measured footprint length in a
volunteer group (total 120 people, 60 male and 60 female)
in age from 25 to 55 years of Phu Tai tribes in the northeast
of Thailand, (using standard ink samples for foot imprint.
In female, the average height was 153.37 cm. and average
length of a footprints on both sides was 21.57 cm. and in
males, the average height was 166.33 cm ans average of
length footprints on both sides was 23.79 cm. The length
of a footprints also positively correlated with the height of
the volunteer group. The researchers have also regression
equation to predict the height for females is Y = 1.944 * X
111.440 and regression equation to predict the height for
males is Y = 2.200 * X 113.993 (Y is the height and X is
the footprints length). Results of this study can be used as
preliminary data to detect footprints found at the crime scene
and can also be used to estimate height. The evidence at the
crime scene involving individuals can be used to prove the
person in a case involving forensic science.
F O O T P R I N T S ; S TAT U R E E S T I M AT E
(ESTIMATE HEIGHT); FORENSIC SCIENCE
KEYWORDS
AFSN WORKGROUP
DNA
DNA P-1
GENETIC POLYMORPHISMS OF 18 STR LOCI
WITHIN UYGHUR POPULATION LIVING IN HOTAN
PREFECTURE, XINJIANG UYGUR AUTONOMOUS
REGION, CHINA
Yao Yiren, Bai Xue, Zhao Xingchun, Wang Le, Ye Jian, Chi
Wei
Center for Applied Forensic Sciences and Technologies, Institute
of Forensic Science, ministry of Public Security, Beijing, China
Allele frequencies of 18 STRs included in the
DNATyperTM15 Plus Amplification Kit (D5S818, D21S11,
D7S820, CSF1PO, D2S1338, D3S1358, vWA, D8S1179,
D16S539, Penta E, TPOX, TH01, D19S433, D18S51,
FGA, D6S1043, D13S317, D12S391) were calculated from
the referent sample of 300 unrelated individuals of both
sexes from Uyghur population living in Hotan Prefecture,
Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. Blood sample,
as a source of DNA, was collected from the ex-convicts
and volunteers from whom the informed consent form was
obtained. Samples are typied by direct amplification. DNA
template ranging from 0.5 to 2 ng was used to amplify
18 STR loci by PCR multiplex amplification which was
performed by using the DNATyperTM15 Plus Amplification
Kit(Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of public
security, Beijing, China) according to the manufacturer's
protocol. The amplifications were carried out in a PE Gene
Amp PCR System thermal cycler (Life Technology) and
capillary electrophoresis was carried out in an ABI 3730
Genetic Analyzer (Life Technology) in accordance with the
manufacturer's recommendations. The frequency of each
locus was calculated from the numbers of each observed
genotype. Deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
and observed heterozygosity were calculated. Data were
analyzed by using Microsoft Excel workbook template-Powerstats V12 and the power of discrimination (PD), power
of exclusion (PE), as well as other population genetic indices
for the 18 STR loci were calculated. In those 300 Uyghur
population, 18 STR loci were found 206 alleles, for loci
PentaE, it had the most allele (19), for TH01, the least allele,
171
AFSN WORKGROUP WORKSHOP
Oct 12 (Sun) ~ Oct 14 (Tue)
light(980nm). One kinds of up-converting nanophosphors
(NaYF4, Yb, Er) was first react with 3- Aminopropyltriethoxy
silane at 50-60 ºC, PH 3.0 for 13 h, the product was further
reacted with succinic anhydride at 10-30 ºC for 12 hours. At
last, hydrazine hydrate was added and reacted at 10-30 ºC for
12 hours in water. A modified ion style nanoparticle (UCPsCOO-·NH2NH3+) was gotten and used for the development of
latent fingermarks. Several fingermarks on the CD, colorful
package surface, bank card were visualized.The results
showed that modified particles had more advantages than
traditional or unmodified particles for the detection of latent
fingermarks, especially when the object has its background
fluorescence.
AFSN WORKGROUP WORKSHOP
Oct 12 (Sun) ~ Oct 14 (Tue)
WFF2014
only6. 18 STR loci had allele frequencies in the range of
0.002 to 0.343, CSF1PO had the highest frequency of allele
12(0.343). 18 STR loci heterozygosity (H value)ranged from
0.68 to 0.91, individual ability( DP values ) were between
0.812 to 0.986, polymorphic information content (PIC) value
were in the range of 0.59 to0.92; 18 loci coupling probability
was 3.08E-23, cumulative individual identification ability is
greater than 99.999999999999999999996919891582%, the
cumulative probability of paternity exclusion is greater than
0.999999980852273. Our data is useful for anthropological
and further comparative genetic studies of populations.
and extra blood collection card was 0.5mm, and it shall be
1.0mm of the bloody filter paper or classic blood collection
card. The validation data support that reliable DNA typing
results from reference DNA samples can be obtained using
the DNA TyperTM15 plus kit .It can be used in establishing
the DNA database and paternity testing cases.
KEYWORDS D I R E C T A M P L I F I C AT I O N K I T; D N A
DATABASE; DNA TYPERTM15 PLUS KIT
DNA P-3
STR LOCI; GENETIC POLYMORPHISM;
XINJIANG UYGHUR POPULATION
KEYWORDS
COMBINED USING 96 WELL CENTRIFUGAL
FILTRATION PLATE WITH TECAN FREEDOM
EVO150-8 AUTOMATION WORKSTATION CAN
IMPROVE EFFICIENCY OF TOUCH DNA DETECTION
DNA P-2
THE APPLICATION OF DNA TYPERTM 15 PLUS
DIRECT KIT IN DNA DATABASE
Bai Xue, Zhao Xingchun, Wang Le, Yao Yiren, Sun Jing, Ma
Wenhua, Zhang Jian, Mo Xiaoting, Ye Jian, Jia Zheng
Center for Applied Forensic Science and Technology, Institute
of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, P.r.c., Beijing,
China
The DNA TyperTM15 plus Direct PCR Amplification Kit
uses 5-dye fluorescent chemistry to enable multiplexing of
18 autosomal STRs(D5S818, D21S11, D7S820, CSF1PO,
D2S1338, D3S1358, vWA, D8S1179, D16S539, PentaE,
TPOX, TH01, D19S433, D18S51, FGA, D6S1043,
D13S317, D12S391) and the sex-determining marker
Amelogenin. The kit is specifically designed for processing
reference DNA samples in a high throughput manner,
like establishing the DNA database. Validation studies
were conducted to assess the performance and define the
limitations of this direct amplification kit for typing blood,
skeleton, buccal reference DNA samples from humans,
pigs, dogs and rabbits on various punchable collection
media. Studies compared between DNATyperTM15plus
and IdentifilerTM, included different amplification
systems and amounts of primer, the annealing temperature
and amplification cycles, amouts of templates, different
proportion of mixture templates. Aiming to verify the
sensitivity of detection, species specificity, reproducibility
and precision. Results showed that the kit has accuracy
of type, decent repeatability and the sensibility achieves
0.125ng. The test results were stable among different groups.
The kit adapts to different reference DNA samples. While in
10μL amplification system, the optimal diameter of FTA card
172
Qingzhen Meng1, Ruhua Zhou2 , Min Li2
1
Forensic Genetics, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of
Public Security, Beijing, China; 2DNA Department, Institute of
Forensic Science, Public Security Bureau of Suzhou, Suzhou,
China
DNA technology is playing a more and more important role
in criminal cases. We usually use TECAN Freedom EVO1508 automation workstation to extract DNA and constantly
improve the method to meet the needs of growing numbers
of forensic casework samples being handled. In our study,
we report design of a 96 well centrifugal filtration plate and
its use in an automated DNA extraction method of touched
objects. Cells on the touched objects such as cigarette butts,
glove prints, swabs from door handles, bottles etc are lyzed
in the 96 well filtration plate. The cell lysate is separated
from the objects by centrifugation. Then automated DNA
extraction and purification are carried out automatically on a
robotic workstation. Such a method not only improves DNA
detection rate from touched objects but also shortens sample
processing time. Processing of 92 samples can be completed
in 90 minute. We convinced the result using quantitative
analysis.
KEYWORDS 96 WELL CENTRIFUGAL FILTRATION
PLATE; AUTOMATIC DETECTION; TOUCH DNA
DNA P-4
IDENTIFICATION OF CANNABIS AND ITS
ADULTERANTS USING PSBA-TRNH BARCODING
Song Bingke2 , Yang Yueying1, Pei Li1
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
Forensic Evidence Department, Institute of Forensic Science,
Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, China; 2 Criminal
Technology, Chinese People’s Public Security University,
Beijing, China
1
KEYWORDS FORENSIC GENETICS; CANNABIS; DNA
BARCODING
DNA P-5
A LARGE Y-STR HAPLOTYPE REFERENCE
DATABASE FOR FORENSIC APPLICATION IN KOREA
Nam Soo Cho, Jin Myung Lee, Na Yeon Kim, Saimi Jung,
Youn Hyung Nam, Jong-Jin Kim, Myun Soo Han
Forensic DNA Analysis Division, National Forensic Service,
Wonju 220-170, Korea (South)
Previously reported Y chromosome STR haplotypes for
four Korean population groups, plus additionally analyzed
samples, have been validated for the Korean reference
database. The validated Y- STR haplotype database,
including 4148 subjects, was obtained from Korean male
individuals living in all the major province of South Korea.
The 17 Y-STR loci of DYS456, DYS389I, DYS390,
DYS389II, DYS458, DYS19, DYS385a/b, DYS393,
DYS391, DYS439, DYS635, DYS392, YGATA H4,
DYS437, DYS438 and DYS448 were co-amplified using the
AmpFlSTR®YfilerTM kit. Allele frequencies and haplotypes
of Y-chromosomal STR loci conducted by 4 Korean
laboratories were analyzed by allele sharing methods and
: Y-CHROMOSOMAL STRS; HAPLOTYPES;
REFERENCE DATABASE
KEYWORDS
DNA P-6
INTERNAL VALIDATION OF THE KPLEX Y17
(MULTIPLEX Y STR SYSTEM) FOR FORENSIC
CASEWORK
Hye Yeon Kim1, Shin Hye Oh1, Yu Na Oh2 , Sera Kim3 ,
Kyoung-Jin Shin2 , Young Geun Yang3 , Soong Deok Lee4 , Su
Jung Park1
1
DNA Forensic Division, Supreme Prosecutors' Office,
Seoul, Korea (South); 2Department of Forensic Medicine,
Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (South);
3
BioQuest, Inc., Seoul, Korea (South); 4Department of Forensic
Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea (South)
Y- S T R i s a s h o r t t a n d e m r e p e a t s ( S T R ) o n t h e
Y-chromosome. Y-STRs are often used in forensics, such
as paternity, genealogical test and especially sexual assaults
case. The Kplex Y17 system enables simultaneously
amplification of 17 Y-STR loci including the SWGDAM
recommended Y-STR loci. The constructions of all amplicon
size were below 330 bp, the large-size loci in commercial
kit were reduced especially. Additionally, allelic range was
expanded to cover most of the off ladder alleles reported in
Koreans and commercial kit, and the interval between loci
was adjusted to be at least 10 bp even in case rare allele exists.
For internal validation testing, the Kplex Y17 was tested its
sensitivity, reproducibility, concordance and mixture studies.
This system shows that 100 pg of male DNA is generate a
complete 17 locus profile with 30 thermal cycles condition
and the specificity of the amplification reaction enabled
analysis of male DNA in a male:female DNA mixture at
a ratio of 1:1000 without any interference or reduction
of signal. The process has a success all samples and no
discordances occurred when applied to a validation set of
forensic case samples. Our studies demonstrate that the Kplex
Y17 is robust, sensitive and powerful system successfully
types male DNA in the presence of overwhelming amounts of
female DNA and is successful in tying actual forensic cases.
173
AFSN WORKGROUP WORKSHOP
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ABSTRACT:Objective The psbA-trnH sequence of cpDNA
was utilized as a novel technique to discriminate drug original
plants of cannabis and its adulterants.Methods The psbAtrnH regions were amplified and sequenced bi-directionally.
Then the obtained sequences were assembled using the
CodonCode Aligner. The psbA-trnH genetic distances of
the regions were computed in accordance with the kimura
2-parameter (K2P) model and Neighbor-joining (NJ)
phylogenetic trees were constructed using MEGA5.1.Results
The psbA-trnH sequences analysis showed that inter-and
intra-specific K2P distances had a large difference.The NJ
trees showed that the cannabis could be easily distinguished
from its adulterants.Conclusion The psbA-trnH fragment
could be used as a candidate barcode for identifying cannabis
from its adulterants, which provide a new metdod to
accurately identify cannabis.and DNA barcoding has a wide
prospect in plant identification involved in criminal cases.
correspondingauthor:peili
by standard population genetics tests. The Korean reference
database including extended SWGDAM haplotypes is a
useful method to obtain the Y-STR haplotype frequency
estimates in forensic practice, based upon the similarity and
frequency relationships.
WFF2014
KEYWORDS
Y-CHROMOSOME; Y-STR; FORENSIC CASE
DNA P-7
AFSN WORKGROUP WORKSHOP
Oct 12 (Sun) ~ Oct 14 (Tue)
SEPARATING SPERM CELL IN SEXUAL ASSAULT
SPECIMENS USING OPTIMIZED METHOD FOR
RAPIDITY AND HIGH CAPACITY
Man-Il Kim1, Eun-Jung Lee1, Gang-Nam Jin1, Jung-Yoon
Lee1, Dong-Sub Lee2
1
Crime-Scene DNA Section, Gwangju Institute, National
Forensic Service, Gwangju, Korea (South); 2Crime-Scene DNA
Division, Seoul Institute, National Forensic Service, Seoul,
Korea (South)
In sexual assault specimens, separating a intact sperm cell is
a key to solve the sex crime. The methods to separate sperm
and epithelial cells from sexual assault specimens have been
researched diversely. The steps of handling sexual assault
specimens need skilled techniques and at the same time
require a considerable amount of time and effort in laboratory
works. In this study, the Automated DifferexTM method to
separate rapidly sperm and epithelial cells compared with
the preferential lysis method which is frequently used to the
present has been verified applicability from the se xual assault
specimens(virginal swabs, underpants, and sanitary pad) in
rape victims. For the samples of sexual assault, Automated
DifferexTM method was able to separate a clean sperm cell,
but not much different from preferential lysis method, and
no distinct differences were found on extraction efficiency
by DNA concentration assessed using Quantifiler® Human
DNA Quantification kit between the two method. Automated
DifferexTM had many advantages, most notably rapidity to
extract male DNA in a few hours and processing capacity to
deal with 48 samples using a 96-well plate unit at the same
time.
KEYWORDS SEXUAL ASSAULT SPECIMEN; AUTOMATED
DIFFEREXTM METHOD; SEPARATING SPERM
DNA P-8
POPULATION GENETICS AND MUTATIONAL EVENTS
OF 23 Y-CHROMOSOMAL STR LOCI IN SOUTH
KOREANS
Jung Hee Hwang1, Songyi Han1, Nam-Soo Kim1, Jeong Ah
Kwon2 , Nam Soo Cho2 , Ji Hwan Park1, Kyoung Sook Kim1
1
Department of Forensic Medicine, Daejeon Institute, National
Forensic Service, Daejeon, Korea (South); 2Forensic DNA
174
Division, National Forensic Service, Wonju, Korea (South)
Haplotypes and allele frequencies of 23 Y-chromosomal
STR loci included in the PowerPlex® Y23 system and the
AmpFlSTR® YfilerTM kit were obtained from a sample
of 301 unrelated individuals living in South Korea. The
PowerPlex® Y23 system configuration contains 17 loci of
the AmpFlSTR® YfilerTM kit and 6 new recommended
loci (DYS576, DYS481, DYS549, DYS533, DYS570, and
DYS643). A total of 300 haplotypes were observed in the 301
individuals studied, of which 299 were unique. The overall
haplotype diversity for the 23 Y-STR loci was 0.99998,
and the discrimination capacity was 0.99668. We found 10
atypical alleles, including null, duplicated, triplicated and
microvariant alleles. Especially, DYS570 19.1 allele and 19.3
(5 individuals, 1.7%) is frequently observed in our study.
Microvariant have been characterized by sequencing, 19.1
and 19.3 allele at DYS570 showing change in the repeat
structure, 11.1 and 12.1 allele at DYS439 showing the
flanking site mutation. The concordance study made for this
population data revealed no discordant allele between the
kits. The results indicate that these 23 loci are useful genetic
markers for forensic personal identification and paternity
testing in the Korean population.
3 Y-STR HAPLOTYPES; POWERPLEX® Y23
SYSTEM; ATYPICAL ALLELE
KEYWORDS
DNA P-9
RAPID APPROXIMATE SEARCH OF NONHOMOGENEOUS DNA PROFILES USING KINMATCH
Hyungyong Kim1, Sehwan Kim1, Byeongchul Kang1,
Heejung Ahn2 , Myunsoo Han3
1
Data Science Center, Insilicogen, Inc., Suwon, Korea (South);
2
Division of DNA Analysis, Scientific Investigation Laboratory,
Ministry of National Defense, Seoul, Korea (South); 3Division of
Forensic DNA, National Forensic Service, Wonju, Korea (South)
As non-homogeneous DNA profile data increase, the
needs for effective data management and integrated search
technology is getting increase. The loci of each DNA profile
are different from each other and some of it can have only
A-STR but others can have it with Y-STR and mtDNA
together. To confirm identity, paternity, and kinship, these
non-homogeneous DNA profiles have to be checked and
searched by integrated fashion. Moreover, approximate
search method should be adjusted for minimizing the
mis-calling errors by missing values or mutation. Also
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
the commercial kit. There was no difference in allele calls
except for cases caused by primer binding site mutations,
abnormal alleles such as triple and microvariants were also
shown in two Kits. In sensitivity test, all 15 STR profile could
be obtained with 100 pg of template DNA. And when 50 ng/
μL of humic acid was added as an inhibitor, full profiles were
also obtained without allele drop-out. In case of Kplex-15
direct PCR, final success rate was approximately 93.2% after
simple post-PCR purification. As further studies, forensic
case work samples will be analyzed by Kplex-15 multiplex
PCR system. To sum up, Kplex-15 System could be useful
as an alternative STR amplification kit in Korea and it is
expected to save costs, especially when dealing with lots of
samples.
KEYWORDS KPLEX-15; EVALUATION STUDIES; ASIAN
POPULATIONS
DNA P-11
KEYWORDS
DATABASE; APPROXIMATE; SEARCH
MOLECULAR MARKERS FOR DISCRIMINATING
SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF NARCOTIC POPPY,
PAPAVER SOMNIFERUM
DNA P-10
EVALUATION OF A SELF-DEVELOPED AUTOSOMAL
STR MULTIPLEX PCR SYSTEM TO COMPILE A
KOREAN CRIMINAL DATABASE
Jeong Eun Sim1, Eun Young Lee2 , Sera Kim3 , Young Se
Hyun4 , Kyoung-Jin Shin2 , Young Geun Yang3 , Soong Deok
Lee5 , Su Jeong Park1
1
DNA Forensic Division, Supreme Prosecutors' Office,
Seoul, Korea (South); 2Department of Forensic Medicine,
Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (South);
3
BioQuest, Inc, Seoul, Korea (South); 4Department of Biological
Science, Kongju National University, Gongju, Korea (South);
5
Department of Forensic Medicine, Seoul National University
College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (South)
To use a house-made multiplex PCR system extensively,
it is necessary to test and evaluate in various ways. In
previous study, we developed multiplex PCR systems (called
Kplex-15) comprised of 13 CODIS STR loci, D6S1043
and Amelogenin to replace/complement those widely-used
foreign commercial kits.
In this study, we carried out evaluation studies to apply
developed multiplex PCR system for practical analysis work
(i.e. to compile a DNA DB or analyze forensic case work
samples). For concordance test, the DNA samples from
Asian populations were analyzed by Kplex-15 system and
Bo Young Seo1, Dong-Ha Ahn2 , Eun-A Jo2 , Hye Hyun Oh1,
Seung Hwan Lee1, Won Kim3 , Gi-Sik Min2
1
DNA Forensic Division, Supreme Prosecutors' Office, Seoul,
Korea (South); 2Department of Biological Sciences, Inha
University, Incheon, Korea (South); 3School of Biological
Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea (South)
Although more than a hundred poppy species have been
reported worldwide, only a species, Papaver somniferum,
is a sole narcotic species in the genus Papaver. Including
narcotic Papaver somniferum, about 10 poppy species are
found in the Korean peninsula. The presence of several
subspecies or varieties in the Papaver somniferum hinders
correct identification because of morphological variation
and complexity. Some of them are hardly distinguished with
other non-narcotic species. Therefore, correct diagnosis
between narcotic species and/or subspecies from other
non-narcotics is very crucial in the scientific forensic
investigation. We applied most popular 14 plant universal
markers to the 38 strains of 19 poppy species whether
these primer sets can distinguish the narcotic poppy from
other non-narcotic poppy. Except one (ropC1), all other
13 universal primer sets showed moderate resolution. To
develop more accurate and reliable genetic markers, we
determined the complete chloroplast genome sequences
of three poppy species, P. somniferum, P. orientale, and P.
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AFSN WORKGROUP WORKSHOP
Oct 12 (Sun) ~ Oct 14 (Tue)
for the kinship search, all possible relative index have to
be calculated, and usually it takes long time. KinMatch,
an integrated DNA forensics platform, manages nonhomogeneous DNA profile data including A-STRs, Y-STRs,
mtDNAs, and SNPs, using efficient data structure based on
noSQL technology. It supports rapid approximate search
and was devised to prevent the omission of candidates by
mutation and data error. Three search methods are available,
i.e. identity, paternity, or kinship. On kinship search, it
handle 10, 000 samples within 10 seconds. In addition, the
partial search option can be applied for comparing different
loci or non-existing types, thus be useful for searching nonhomogeneous DNA profiles. Pre-built database for allele
frequency realtime calculation function makes it possible
for accurate calculation of probability rapidly. KinMatch
was developed as command line interface and APIs, can
be extended into other information system. Besides, many
utilities supports forensics tasks effectively about reporting,
allele frequency management, trio test, and etc.
AFSN WORKGROUP WORKSHOP
Oct 12 (Sun) ~ Oct 14 (Tue)
WFF2014
rhoeas, using Hi-seq illunina, a next generation sequencing
method (NGS). We found several novel deletion regions only
from P. somniferum. Based on these deletion sequences, we
developed three genetic markers and tested using 9 strains
of six narcotic species or varieties and 22 strains from 22
species of non-narcotic poppies. Our newly designed markers
can distinguish P. somniferum clearly from the other nonnarcotic poppy species by PCR fragment length differences.
Several varieties (or subspecies) of P. somniferum can be
distinguished as well by the new genetic markers.
KEYWORDS PAPAVER SOMNIFERUM; NARCOTIC;
GENETIC MARKER
physical trait prediction in Caucasian populations, little has
been done in appraising these markers in an Asian context.
350 DNA samples from the Chinese, Malay and Indian
populations in Singapore have been sequenced using the
Universal Forensic Panel on the Illumina MiSeq FGx. In
addition to standard evaluations of reproducibility, sensitivity
and concordance as compared to current CE methods, the
ancestry and phenotypic markers on the panel have been
evaluated for their ability to discriminate between individuals
of the different racial groups and physical characteristics.
KEYWORDS
NGS; ILLUMINA; SINGAPORE
DNA P-13
DNA P-12
EVALUATION OF ILLUMINA'S UNIVERSAL
FORENSIC PANEL ON SINGAPORE POPULATION
SAMPLES
Christopher Syn2 , Ramani Anantharaman1, Shu Jun Lin1,
Woan Foon Looi1, Michelle Lai1, Eileen Loo1, Jacquelyn
Tay1, Sze Kae Goh1
1
DNA Profiling Laboratory, Applied Sciences Group, Health
Sciences Authority, Singapore; 2DNA Profiling Laboratory,
Applied Sciences Group, Health Sciences Authority, Singapore,
Department of Biological Sciences, National University of
Singapore, Singapore
Next generation sequencing (NGS) is valuable in forensic
genomic applications due to its ability to allow sequencing
of large numbers of amplicons in a single, targeted assay.
NGS assays have been developed to target short tandem
repeats (STRs) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)
to answer multiple forensic questions in a massively parallel
approach. In being able to sequence all core US CODIS
and European Standard Set, X and Y STRs, as well as
identity informative SNPs, NGS platforms offer a power
of discrimination greater than any other currently available
capillary electrophoresis (CE) methods. SNPs for ancestry
and phenotypic traits can also be sequenced to provide
predictive investigative leads sought by law enforcement
when direct matching to the national convicted offenders
DNA database fails to identify a suspect.
We describe herein an evaluation of the Universal Forensic
Panel by Illumina (provided as part of an early access
program) a targeted amplicon panel which combine the
above mentioned STR and SNP markers, on a Singapore
population set. Whereas much work has already been done
in the identification of genetic markers useful in ancestry and
176
DISASTER VICTIM IDENTIFICATION USING DNA
PROFILING:
LOA AIRLINES PLANE CRASHES IN PAKSE
Watee Asawutmangkul, Pattama Luengwuttiwong, Jittima
Lertchaiporn, Nonglak Silkhun, Siriprapa Meebuatong,
Teeranai Roumrak, Hathaichanoke Boonyarit
Sub-Division of Biochemistry, Institute of Forensic Medicine,
Police General Hospital, Royal Thai Police, Bangkok, Thailand
The important tool to investigate victim remain from mass
disaster is DNA analysis which aim to identify victim. DNA
is very useful even when the victim’s remains are fragmented
and the DNA is degraded. On October 16th 2013, a Lao
airlines plane from Vientiane crashed in Mekong River before
landing at the Pakse International Airport. This incident left
the victim bodies in pieces and remains mixed together. The
remains of victims were severely damaged and cannot be
visually identified. The samples of the victims’ bones and
fleshes were sent to the Sub-Biochemistry Division, Institute
of Forensic Medicine, Police General Hospital, Royal Thai
Police, Thailand for DNA analysis. A total of 66 pieces of
bone were sent to our Institute, whereas the reference sample
from their relatives were collected from 21 buccal swabs
with FTA card. Moreover, DNA profiles were taken as direct
reference sample from 4 Australian victims via the Australian
Federal Police (AFP). DNA analysis was performed from
each piece of bone for identification of victims. DNA profiles
were compared between reference samples and victim’s
remains. In addition, Mitochondrial DNA or Y-STRs testing
is performed for maternal relatives and paternal relatives.
Full DNA profiles of STR genotyping were obtained from
61 samples, whereas no STR profiles were obtained from 5
samples. Twenty six pieces of bone out of 61 samples were
from 13 individual victims. The DNA profiles of 48 victims
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
were compared with the reference DNA profiles and 19
victims were able to be identified from DNA analysis.
MASS DISASTER; VICTIM IDENTIFICATION;
DNA PROFILING
KEYWORDS
KEYWORDS
DNA TYPING; STR; POWERPLEX16HS
DNA P-16
ADVANTAGE OF USING COMPLEMENTARY KITS FOR
THE ELUCIDATION OF AMBIGUOUS DNA PROFILING
RESULTS
ANALYSIS OF 15 AUTOSOMAL SHORT TANDEM
REPEAT LOCI IN 165 MONGOLIANS
Uyanga Ganbold1, Sarantuya Jav2 , Purewdulam
Sharavjamts3 , Ganbold Suren4
1
Toxicology Sector, National Institute for Public Health,
Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia; 2Department of Molecular Biology and
Genetic, Health Science University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar,
Mongolia; 3Department of Scientific Analysis, National Institute
of Forensic Science, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia; 4Department
of Scientific Analysis, National Institute of Forensic Science,
Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
Allele and genotype frequencies for 15 short tandem repeat
(STR) loci such as D3S1358, THO1, D21S11, D18S51, Penta
E, D5S818, D13S317, D7S820, D16S539, CSF1PO, Penta
D, vWA, D8S1179, TPOX and FGA in Mongolian population
(N=165) were estimated.
The study was performed in laboratory of National Institute
of Forensic Science and all dried blood stain and saliva
samples were taken from 165 unrelated individuals. Genomic
DNA was extracted from 20 whole blood, 60 dried blood
stain and 85 saliva samples, and stored in -20ºC. The 15
microsatellite loci were amplified using PowerPlex 16HS
kit and 2720 Thermal Cycler (Applied Biosystems). PCR
products were performed on the ABI Prism 310 Genetic
Analyzer and analyzed by GeneMapperTM ID Software
Version 3.1 software. Statistics were analyzed by SPSS-16
program and similarity and genetic distance of alleles were
calculated by M.Nei’s method.
We detected 15 STR loci in 165 unrelated individuals
which were done at the DNA laboratory of the National
Institute for forensic Science. In addition Database has been
established for STR loci Penta E and Penta D the first time
in Mongolians. Both loci are highly polymorphic. The Penta
E locus on chromosomes 15, totally 20 allele (5, 7-25) were
detected and allele 11 has most frequent (0.1128). In Penta D
locus on chromosomes 21, 11 allele (6-16) were detected and
allele 9 was most frequently occurred (0.3262). This result is
interesting because allele 6 of Penta D locus was found rarely
among other populations. But relatively higher frequency of
allele 6 (0.0183) was found in Mongolians.
Jazelyn Salvador1, Jae Joseph Russell Rodriguez1, 2 , Maria
Corazon De Ungria1
1
DNA Analysis Laboratory, Natural Sciences Research Institute,
University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines;
2
Genetics and Molecular Division, Institute of Biological
Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna,
Philippines
Multiplex autosomal STR kits that are available to the
forensic community have changed markedly in the last two
years due to the inclusion of additional STR markers in the
European Standard Set (ESS), and the anticipated expansion
of the U.S. Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) markers.
In June 2013, the University of the Philippines, Natural
Sciences Research Institute, DNA Analysis Laboratory (UPNSRI-DAL) adopted the PowerPlex® 21 System (Promega)
for routine casework, thus replacing the PowerPlex® 16
System (Promega) which the laboratory has been using since
2005. This new multiplex system includes the 13 CODIS
markers, 4 ESS markers, Penta D, Penta E, D6S1043, and the
gender determining marker, Amelogenin. This paper reports
the detection of ambiguous results such as alleles outside the
reported range for some DNA markers, and off-ladder alleles.
The identities of these 'novel' alleles were verified using
VerifilerTM Direct and AmpFlSTR® Identifiler® Direct PCR
Amplification Kits (Life Technologies). The use of autosomal
STR kits that were developed by targeting different primer
binding sites and combining different markers per flourescent
dye label, in characterizing ambiguous STR results is a faster
and more practical alternative to sequencing.
KEYWORDS AUTOSOMAL STRS; VARIANT ALLELES;
COMPLEMENTARY STR KITS
DNA P-17
MITOCHONDRIAL HAPLOTYPE FREQUENCY
DATABASE FOR SRI LANKANS WAS ESTABLISHED.
Ruwan Illeperuma
Molecular Forensics, Genetech, Colombo 08, Sri Lanka
177
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DNA P-15
AFSN WORKGROUP WORKSHOP
Oct 12 (Sun) ~ Oct 14 (Tue)
WFF2014
In DNA based forensics, the analysis of extra-chromosomal
mitochondrial DNA is highly effective in cases where
the available DNA is extremely minute or degraded due
to exposure to tropical environmental conditions of high
temperature and high humidity. Mitochndrial DNA (mtDNA)
is more durable and more abundant in copy number, than
nuclear DNA and thus effectively analyzed in such samples.
Analyzing polymorphisms in human mtDNA hypervariable
segment 1 (HSV1) is considered to be a valuable tool to
establish the maternal relationships between a questioned
sample and a reference sample in DNA based forensic
investigations.
However in order to report such a genetic relationship in
Courts of law, it necessitate statistical calculations that
describe the estimated frequency of occurrence of an
mtDNA type (haplotype) in the population of interest. These
calculations are dependent on haplotype frequency databases
established for the respective population.
The sequences of mtDNA HVS1 in randomly selected,
maternally unrelated 193 Sri Lankan individuals were
analyzed. For each individual, the combination of sequence
variants observed across HVS1 region between positions
L16000 and H16450 was identified as mtDNA haplotypes.
Total of 139 different haplotypes were revealed and were
found to be associated with 183 variable nucleotides between
positions 16046–16407 in HVS1 of the mitochondrial
genome.
The number of transitions was higher in all the subjects than
transversions. At HVS-I altogether 103 variable positions
were observed with 72 sites containing transitions, 7
transversion sites and 1 deletion. Three positions had both
transitions and transversions (G16129A/C, T16311C/A,
A16318T/C). The most common mtDNA haplotype found
among the Sri Lankan population is C16223T, which was
observed in 5% of all the samples tested.
An unbiased estimate of the genetic diversity, calculated
according to Nei’s formula was 0.98505 ±0.00001. The
probability of two randomly selected individuals having
identical mtDNA types (random match probability) was
0.020054 (~2%.). Nucleotide diversity and mean number of
pair wise differences were 0.013967± 0.007539 and 5.05618
±2.465502.
The haplotype frequency distributions, gene diversities and
polymorphisms of HVS1 showed that Sri Lankans possess
a relatively high mtDNA diversity indicating the suitability
of using mtDNA markers for discriminating Sri Lankan
individuals in DNA based forensic case work.
The establishment of the haplotype frequency database
permitted mtDNA based human identity testing to be used
as a valuable addition to the current autosomal test panel to
178
improve the inclusion and exclusion probabilities in forensic
case work in Sri Lanka.
KEYWORDS
MITOCHNDRIAL DNA; MTDNAHVS; SRI
LANKA
DNA P-18
SELECTION OF GLOBAL-COMMON 100 SNPS FROM
WHOLE EXOME DATA IN KOREAN POPULATION
Sung Min Kim, Ji Won Yu, Hyun Dae Hong, Ki Hoon Kim,
Ki Wha Chung
Deprment of Biological Science, Kongju National University,
Gongju, Korea (South)
Short tandem repeat (STR) markers are usually applied
for the forensic purpose, however, use of multiple single
nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers can increase
individual discrimination power, and assist kinship test or
ethnic identification. Recently, application of next generation
sequencing (NGS) provides an enormous number of SNPs.
Whole exome sequencing (WES) data also contains large
number of functionally non-significant variants (intronic
or silent exonic variants) as well as functionally significant
variants. The present study selected 100 global-common
SNPs in WES data obtained from Korean population. The
SNPs were chosen by the criteria of (1) bi-allelic SNPs
(excluding indels), (2) SNP quality with more than 30, (3)
nonfunctional SNPs, (3) minor allele frequencies (MAFs)
with 0.4-0.6 in both of the Korean population and the 1000
Genome Database, and (4) distance between neighboring
markers with 1 Mbp or longer. Genotypes obtained from
WES were confirmed by capillary sequencing method.
All the SNPs were not deviated from the Hardy-Weinberg
equilibrium. Several population genetic and forensic
parameters (e.g., heterozygosity, polymorphism information
contents, matching probability, power of discrimination, and
power of exclusion) indicated usefulness of these SNPs as the
forensic application. Therefore, we expect that these selected
SNPs could be developed as the globally useful forensic
markers which provide further discrimination power.
KEYWORDS
SNP; EXOME; NGS
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
DNA P-19
INCREASED NUMBER OF LOCI : GENERAL
OVERVIEW OF THE PERFORMANCE OF
POWERPLEX FUSION, GLOBALFILER CASEWORK
AND INVESTIGATOR ID PLEX 24.
QIA CUBE; DIFFERENTIAL ANALYSIS;
INVESTIGATOR KIT
KEYWORDS
DNA P-21
The increase number of STR loci in a single multiplexing
escalated in the past year and it is taxing to evaluate and
also in getting the population database up for the new
additional loci. However, it is undeniable that these loci
will definitely boost the matching probability as well as
reduce the uncertainty in paternity/kinship/incest cases.
Three (3) different major amplification kits were evaluated
on sensitivity and the performance of the kits. A total of
300 samples inclusive of compromised bone extracts; i.e
100 samples were amplified on each amplification kits and
run on the 3500xl Genetic Analyzer. Overall the results are
successfully obtained on all the kits; however each kits has
its individual strength and also depends on what the forensic
community requires.
KEYWORDS GLOBALFILER; POWERPLEX FUSION;
INVESTIGATOR 24
DNA P-20
AN EXPERIENCE OF DIFFERENTIAL ANALYSIS VIA
QIA CUBE
Nor Aidora Saedon, Normazlina Zainuddin, Nurul Hazirah
Mat Lasim@mahasan, Hazwani Hapiz, Nor Ummiza
Kamaruzzaman, Mohd Firdaus Che Amran, Baktiar Kassim
Forensic DNA Section, Forensic Division, Department of
Chemistry, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
Manual differential analysis proves to be taxing as the stained
substrate needs to be twirled as least 2 minutes to assist the
DNA diffusion. QIAGEN designed an apparatus, Qia Cube
which is able to separate the male and female and later
extract the DNA using the QIAmp Investigator Kit. Mock
Forensic Samples consists of semen and blood mixtures were
prepared at different concentration and stained on jeans and
cotton. These samples were later dried at different conditions
before extracting via the DNA via Qia Cube. Extracted DNA
CASE STUDY OF DNA ANALYSIS FROM MURDER IN
BUSANJIN-GU
Hee-Yeon Park, Jeong-Ah Kwon, Jong-Keun Jung, Mi-Jung
Kim, Sumin Lee, Sang-Cheul Shin, Byung-Won Chun
DNA Analysis Section, Forensic Medicine Division, Busan
institute, National Forensic Service, 50, Geumo-ro, Mulgeumeup, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea (South)
Two women were found dead in the house on January 8,
2014. The son of one death woman tried calling his mother
several times but he couldn’t get through. He went mother’s
home in hurry and he found dead his grandmother and mother
by killed with a blunt instrument. Immediately the crime
scene was investigated and we analyzed samples of forensic
evidences from the crime scene. We received forensic
evidences 27 times from police. These included a total of
312 evidences. Among them, 292 forensic evidences were
investigated to analyze STR profile and we analyzed mtDNA
sequences of 4 evidences. The number of samples associated
with blood including blood-stained clothes, shoes, knives
and blood spots in crime scene were 182 (73 blood positive
samples and 109 blood negative samples). Sixteen salivarelated samples (cup, can, bottle and cigarette butt) were
analyzed (11 saliva positive samples and 5 saliva negative
samples). Five body fluids such as vaginal and rectal mucus
(semen negative), and 12 body samples such as finger nails
and collected cotton swabs were investigated. Seventy-two
touch DNA samples including caps, bags, doorpulls and
shoes were investigated to analyze STR profiles. More than
160 body hairs were received, and 5 hairs were analyzed (the
rest didn’t have hair root). Seventeen reference samples were
also analyzed. At the end of thorough investigation, a prime
suspect was revealed. Finally, blood stains were found in
the suspect’s shoes and mixed STR profiles of the one dead
woman and the suspect were detected in the shoes. And the
criminal was arrested at last. Through this case, it shows that
the close cooperation between police and forensic lab is very
179
AFSN WORKGROUP WORKSHOP
Oct 12 (Sun) ~ Oct 14 (Tue)
Nor Aidora Saedon, Hazwani Hapiz, Nor Ummiza
Kamaruzzaman, Mohd Sufiyan Azah, Mohd Iqbal Zulkafli,
Baktiar Kassim
Forensic DNA Section, Forensic Division, Department of
Chemistry, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
samples were later quantitated via the QuantiFiler Trio Kit
and amplified and run on the 3500xl Genetic Analyzer. The
results indicated that the Qia Cube are able to separate out
the sperm cells and the non-sperm cells and these extracts are
successfully generate DNA profiles.
WFF2014
important to solve criminal events.
KEYWORDS DNA ANALYSIS; STR PROFILE; FORENSIC
EVIDENCES
AFSN WORKGROUP WORKSHOP
Oct 12 (Sun) ~ Oct 14 (Tue)
DNA P-22
VALIDATION AND COMPARISON OF DNA
EXTRACTION METHODS FOR HUMAN TEETH
Paul Ryan Sales, Gayvelline Calacal, Jazelyn Salvador,
Maria Corazon De Ungria
DNA Analysis Laboratory, Natural Sciences Research Institute,
University of the Philippines - Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
In the Philippines, studies on dental DNA profiling are scarce.
In forensic cases and disaster victim identification involving
human remains, teeth and bones are the best sources of DNA
for DNA typing. In these events, the rapid decomposition
of human remains is observed because of the humidity and
warm temperature characteristic of Philippine weather. The
current protocol followed by institutions working on disaster
victim identification is to collect femur samples using a bone
saw. The invasiveness of this strategy and the additional work
for forensic pathologists to perform cuts on the thigh of the
human casualty contribute to the already delayed process of
victim identification. The possibility of using tooth samples
that could be extracted by forensic odontologists after dental
examination offers an alternative DNA source. This study
compared the yield and quality of DNA extracted from teeth
using several DNA extraction protocols. Data from this study
will provide the ground work in developing tooth-related
processing and storage protocols that are suited to countries
like the Philippines that have a tropical climate with humidity
all year round.
KEYWORDS
Natural Sciences Research Institute, University of the
Philippines, Quezon City, Philippines
Y-chromosomal DNA typing is the most powerful tool for
male identification as it selectively amplifies the male DNA
from any given sample mixture. However, the use of the
current set of conventional Y-STR markers is limited by its
inability to differentiate paternally-related male individuals
since the Y-chromosome is conserved through male paternal
lineages. The recently discovered set of 13 Y-STR markers
called ‘rapidly mutating (RM) Y-chromosomal short tandem
repeats (Y-STRs)’ identified to have a higher mutation
rate than conventional Y-STR markers can potentially
differentiate paternally-related males such as fathers
and sons; and between brothers. Statistical analysis and
interpretation of data from using Y-STRs (conventional and
RM Y-STRs) would require information on the frequency
of the haplotype in the population and mutation rate data,
which is presented in this paper. Collected blood samples on
FTATM cards from a Filipino population of 150 family trios
(consisting of 303 father-son pairs, 137 brother pairs and 13
grandfather-grandson pairs) were amplified and analyzed
at 34 Y-STR markers (DYS19, DYS389I/II, DYS390,
DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS385a/b, DYS437,
DYS438, DYS439, DYS448, DYS456, DYS458, DYS635,
Y-GATA-H4, DYS481, DYS549, DYS533, DYS643,
DYS576, DYS570 DYF387S1, DYF399S1, DYS626,
DYS627, DYS526, DYS518, DYS612, DYS449, DYS547,
DYF404S1 and DYF403S1) using the PowerPlex® Y23
System (Promega Corp., USA) and a published protocol for
the 13 RM Y-STR markers. Two of the RM Y-STR markers
are also included in the PowerPlex® Y23 System, for which
a concordance evaluation was performed. This paper reports
the nature of mutations observed, as well as the overall and
loci-specific mutation rates calculated from this Filipino
population sample.
ADULT TEETH; DENTAL DNA; DNA YIELD
KEYWORDS RAPIDLY MUTATING Y-STR MARKERS;
MUTATION RATES; PHILIPPINE POPULATION
DNA P-23
MUTATION RATES AT 34 Y-CHROMOSOMAL SHORT
TANDEM REPEAT (STR) MARKERS IN FATHER/SON,
BROTHER, AND GRANDFATHER-GRANDSON PAIRS
FROM A FILIPINO POPULATION
Lindsay Clare Carandang1, 2 , Jazelyn Salvador1, 2 , Maria
Lourdes Honrado2 , Altair Agmata1, Angelica Rose Sagum1,
Maria Corazon De Ungria1, 2
1
Program on Forensics and Ethnicity, Philippine Genome
Center, Quezon City, Philippines; 2DNA Analysis Laboratory,
180
DNA P-24
CASE REPORT OF XX MALE SYNDROME AND
AIS(ANDROGEN INSENSITIVITY SYNDROME)
Jang-Yong Kim, Sun-Wha Park, Moon-Hee Park, Ju-Yeon
Jung, Ji-Won Choi, Eun-Hye Kim, Hae-Yong Lee, Dong-Ho
Choi, Dong-Sub Yi, Pil-Won Kang
DNA Analysis Division, Seoul institute, National Forensic
Service, Seoul, Korea (South)
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
cards to determine the feasibility of storing these types of
samples at room temperature. Procedures were evaluated
based on total human DNA yield and recovery of aSTR and
Y-STR alleles of the semen contributor. Whilst the organic
procedure generally resulted to higher DNA yields, the
silica-based method was comparable in recovering alleles of
the male/penetrative partner, generated less waste and was
less tedious compared to organic extraction. To date, swab
samples on FTA generated mostly partial profiles. Results
of this study will provide the basis for recommendations on
the proper storage, processing, and DNA analysis of various
sample types for the resolution of sexual assault cases in the
Philippines.
KEYWORDS DNA EXTRACTION; SEXUAL ASSAULT
EVIDENCE; POST-COITAL SAMPLES
KEYWORDS XX MALE SYNDROME ; AIS(ANDROGEN
INSENSITIVITY SYNDROME); STR
DNA P-26
DNA P-25
EVALUATION OF FORENSIC DNA EXTRACTION
METHODS FOR POST-COITAL SWABS, STAINS, AND
CONDOMS
Jae Joseph Russell Rodriguez1, Gayvelline Calacal1, Rita
Laude2 , Maria Corazon De Ungria1
1
DNA Analysis Laboratory, Natural Sciences Research
Institute, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City,
Philippines; 2Genetics and Molecular Biology Division, Institute
of Biological Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baños,
Laguna, Philippines
DNA analysis of samples collected from a sexual abuse
victim is a major step towards the identification of the real
perpetrator/s of the crime. To increase the likelihood of
obtaining an interpretable genetic profile, the extraction
procedure used should remove potential inhibitors and
maximize recovery of DNA (non-victim and at times, even
the victim's DNA) from the different types of evidentiary
samples that may be encountered in casework. To evaluate
procedures for DNA extraction, post-coital samples namely,
vaginal/anal swabs, stained underwear, and condoms were
obtained from consenting male-female and male-male
couples. Differential lysis was not performed to avoid
DNA loss when the process is used. DNA from the samples
was extracted using either a phenol-chloroform method
or the silica-based QIAamp DNA Micro procedure. In
addition, biological material contained in the swabs was
transferred onto Indicating WhatmanTM FTATM Elute
RAPIDLY MUTATING Y-STRS IN TWO INDONESIAN
POPULATIONS
Gludhug Ariyo Purnomo, Helena Suryadi, Herawati Sudoyo
Forensic DNA Laboratory, Eijkman Institute for Molecular
Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia
Y chromosome short tandem repeat (Y-STRs) has been
widely applied for forensic caseworks. Seventeen (17)
Y-STRs loci (Yfiler) commonly used to solve sexual assault
casework where a mixture profile of male/female occurs,
and cannot be identified by using autosomal STR. Y-STR
profile is still observed even in the high background of
female contribution. However, Yfiler profile for several
generations failed to differentiate between male relatives due
to low mutating loci. To date, the used of higher mutation
rate loci has been introduced to improve the differentiation.
In 2012, 13 Y-STRs loci with higher mutation rate was
published as Rapidly Mutating (RM) Y-STRs (Balantyne
et al, 2012). The RM Y-STRs is expected to differentiate
male lineage and relatives. For future forensic applications
of RM Y-STRs, population data of RM Y-STRs haplotype
should be generated. Our laboratory is one of 52 centers of
the International RM Y-STR Study Group (Ballantyne et al,
2014, inpress). In this preliminary study we have analyzed
quality-controlled of RM Y-STRs and Yfiler data using
200 unrelated male individuals from 2 major Indonesian
populations, namely the Batak and Javanese. Yfiler haplotype
diversity was 0.9943 and 0.9980 for Batak and Javanese
population, respectively. In comparison to RM Y-STRs,
the haplotype diversity was 1.0 and 0.9995 for Batak and
181
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Oct 12 (Sun) ~ Oct 14 (Tue)
We report the difference between phenotype and genotype
(amelogenin typing in autosomal STR and Y-STR analysis)
of the sample obtained from the cartilage of dead infant.
We analyzed with several forensic DNA analysis methods
(autosomal STR, Y-chromosomal STR, etc.). In results, we
found an amelogenin typing represents XX, while this dead
body was observed to male in a postmortem examination.
Therefore, in results of Y-STR, this DNA sample was not
amplified and analyzed in any other Y-STR loci. On the
contrary, a phonotype in some sexual-assault case was
female, but a genotype was not female, amelogenin genotype
showed XY. We suggested that our experience in this study
helps understand the genotype-phenotype discrepancy and
this knowledge plays a role in a basic gender screening of
criminal investigation.
AFSN WORKGROUP WORKSHOP
Oct 12 (Sun) ~ Oct 14 (Tue)
WFF2014
Javanese, respectively. As expected, RM Y-STRs haplotype
is more diverse than the Yfiler. AMOVA analysis for Yfiler
shows that 92.52% haplotype variation was within population
and 7.48% was among population. In comparison RM
Y-STR shows 95.68% haplotype variation within population
and 4.32% among population. Based on the result, each
population was genetically different. For future forensic
purposes, we would like to employ the RM Y-STRs as
additional marker to differentiate between male relatives for
casework analysis.
KEYWORDS
Y CHORMOSOME; STR; RAPIDLY MUTATING
DNA P-27
JUDICIAL RULES, LAWS AND ETHICS THAT GOVERN
DNA FORENSICS IN THE PHILIPPINES
Maria Corazon De Ungria1, Jose Jose2 , Jimenez E3
1
DNA Analysis Laboratory, Natural Sciences Research Institute,
College of Science, University of the Philippines, Diliman,
Quezon City, Philippines; 2Office of Legal Aid, College of Law,
University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines;
3
National Institute of Health, University of the Philippines,
Manila, Philippines
The first DNA paternity case that was conducted in the
Philippines was performed by the DNA Analysis Laboratory,
University of the Philippines in February 1999. The absence
of DNA legislation did not serve as an obstacle in the conduct
of the DNA test in this case nor in succeeding cases. In 2002,
the Philippine Supreme Court admitted the DNA test result in
the landmark case, People v Vallejo, wherein DNA was used
to link a suspect and the 9-year old victim in a rape-homicide
case. In 2007, the Philippine Supreme Court promulgated the
Rule on DNA Evidence, the first of its kind, which mandated
all courts to use DNA evidence, when relevant, in all cases
where such evidence is available. Because of the specificity
of this Rule for DNA evidence, the existing Rules of Court,
was made more explicit when dealing with DNA. Moreover,
this Rule opened the way for the admission of post-conviction
DNA evidence in a country that imposed and repealed the
Death Penalty twice in its entire history due to the on-going
societal debate as to ability of the Philippine criminal justice
system to execute only those who have committed heinous
crimes.
Besides the use of DNA evidence in court, the field of
forensic genetics also faces ethical challenges. The increasing
number of private DNA testing companies that mail
collection kits to persons who may obtain biological samples
without the informed consent of individuals, is a concern.
182
Some courts have ordered the DNA Analysis Laboratory,
University of the Philippines to repeat the DNA tests in cases
wherein the parties involved had initially made use of the
mailed sample collection kits. Ethics review boards have
also implemented stricter rules as to the use of case samples,
as well as archived database samples, without prior consent
from source. Specific protocols to protect the privacy of
volunteers that provide their samples for research have to
be approved by an ethics review panel, that have their own
guidelines when reviewing all research involving human
samples. In the Philippines where most human genetics
research focus on medical applications, work to expound the
governing principles of ethical review to include forensic
genetic research is warranted.
KEYWORDS
LAWS; ETHICS; JUDICIAL RULES
DNA P-29
DISASTER VICTIM IDENTICATION SUKHOI SUPER
JET 100 THROUGH DNA TECHNOLOGY
Putut T Widodo1, Tamy Soedarsono2 , Novi Wulandari1, Raka
Swastika1, Dewi Monasari1, Lathifah Ismiyati1, Retno Dwi
Wahyuningsih1, Muh Fuad Riyadi1, Restu Priono1, Riris
Savitri1
1
Indonesian National Police, DNA Laboratory Of INP Forensic
Medicine And Health Services, Jakarta, Indonesia; 2Universty of
Indonesia, Faculty of Dentistry, Jakarta, Indonesia
On 9th of May 2012 a Sukhoi Super Jet (SSJ) 100 carrying
45 people (8 Russian crew, 1 USA citizen, 36 Indonesian)
had crashed in Mount Salak West Java, Indonesia during
a promotional flight. A Disaster Victim Identification
(DVI) operation was conducted to establish the identity
of the victims. As much as 549 samples were taken for
DNA testing comprise of 451 post mortem samples and
98 ante mortem samples. The post mortem samples were
dominated by muscle tissue from body fragments and also
some bones, teeth and hair. The reference samples are
taken from belongings of known samples such as under
wear and used tissue. Reference sample from direct family
line of known victim was also taken using buccal swab. To
prevent contamination the reference samples were analyzed
separately from the post mortem sample. DNA extraction
were carried using two method; chelex for buccal swab,
muscle tissue, FTA card and fabrics and organic extraction
for bone and teeth. The extracted DNA the were quantified
using Quantifiler Kit on ABI Prism 7500 Real Time PCR
Analyser Amplification were conducted using AmpFℓSTR®
Identifiler®, AmpFℓSTR® Identifiler® Plus and AmpFℓSTR®
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
Applied Biosystems 3130xl Genetic Analyzer. The total
duration for the DNA analysis was 7 days with satisfying
results, in which 45 profiles were successfully genotyped
from all the post mortem samples without any contamination.
The DNA profiles were later used as guidance during body
reconstruction work.
KEYWORDS
DVI; DNA; PCR
DNA P-31
KEYWORDS
SUKHOI SUPER JET 100; DNA; PCR
A COMPARISON OF YFILER® PLUS VTS PCR
AMPLICATION KIT AND AMPF/STR® YFILERTM KIT
IN 10 CASEWORK SAMPLES
DNA P-30
DNA IDENTIFICATION OF 2012 SUKHOI SUPER JET
100 CRASH DVI OPERATION
Putut T Widodo1, Novi Wulandari1, Raka Swastika1, Dewi
Monasari1, Lathifah Ismiyati1, Retno D Wahyuningsih1,
Muh Fuad Riyadi1, Restu Priono1, Riris Savitri1, Tamy
Soedarsono2
1
Indonesian National Police, DNA Laboratory Of INP Forensic
Medicine And Health Services, Jakarta, Indonesia; 2University
Of Indonesia, Faculty of Dentistry, Jakarta, Indonesia
This case study reported the 2012 Sukhoi Super Jet (SSJ)
100 crash in Mount Salak West Java, Indonesia, in which
45 people (8 Russians, 1 American, 1 French, and 35
Indonesians) on board the ill-fated flight. A Disaster Victim
Identification (DVI) operation was conducted to establish
the identity of the victims. DNA tests were taken from 549
samples consisted of 451 post mortem samples and 98
ante mortem (reference) samples. Most of the post mortem
samples came from muscle tissues of each body fragment,
in addition to bones, teeth and hair. The reference samples
were taken by two methods: (1) directly from the personal
belongings of the suspected victims, such as a victim’s
used underwear, and; (2) indirectly from family reference
samples using buccal swabs. To prevent contamination
during the examination, all reference samples were analyzed
separately from the evidence samples. DNA was extracted
using two methods: (1) chelex for each buccal swab, muscle
tissues, and FTA card; (2) fabrics and organic extraction
method for bone and teeth. The extracted DNA was then
quantified using Quantifiler Kit on ABI Prism 7500 Real
Time PCR Analyzer. Amplification was carried out using
AmpFℓSTR® Identifiler®, AmpFℓSTR® Identifiler® Plus and/
or AmpFℓSTR ® MiniFiler™ with specific consideration
for each degraded sample. Electrophoresis was done using
Ju-Yeon Jung1, Kyoung-Sook Kim2 , Sun-Wha Park1, MoonHee Park1, Jang-Yong Kim1, Ji-Won Choi1, Dong-Sub Lee1,
Pil-Won Kang1
1
Dept. of DNA Analysis, Seoul Institute, National Forensic
Service, Seoul, Korea (South); 2Dept. of DNA Analysis, Daejeon
Institute, National Forensic Service, Daejeon, Korea (South)
Y-STR genotyping can play powerful roles in both forensic
casework and paternity study. We have tested new 27plex Y-STR genotyping kit, Yfiler ® PLUS VTS PCR
Amplication Kit, in 10 casework samples at various DNA
concentrations(10pg~800pg). The genotyping results are
compared with AmpF/STR ® YfilerTM Kit. The Yfiler ®
PLUS VTS PCR Amplication Kit shares the primer sets for
17 common loci(DYS576, DYS389I, DYS448, DYS389II,
DYS19, DYS391, DYS481, DYS549, DYS533, DYS438,
DYS437, DYS570, DYS635, DYS390, DYS439, DYS392,
DYS643, DYS393, DYS458, DYS385, DYS456, GATA
H4) with AmpF/STR® YfilerTM Kit and has 10 additional
loci(DYS576, DYS627, DYS460, DYS518, DYS570,
DYS449, DYS481, DYF387S1, DYS533). The concordance
of 10 casework samples were observed with reference data.
The detection rate of data using Yfiler® PLUS VTS PCR
Amplication Kit has increased to 35.2% than using AmpF/
STR® YfilerTM Kit. Besides, we could get additional Y-STR
loci from 4 to 10. The results demonstrate that Yfiler® PLUS
PCR Amplication Kit can enhance the detection rate and
recover uncertainty from low-concentrated forensic samples.
KEYWORDS
YSTR GENOTYPING; CASEWORK SAMPLE
183
AFSN WORKGROUP WORKSHOP
Oct 12 (Sun) ~ Oct 14 (Tue)
MiniFiler™ for degraded sample. Electrophoresis were
carried out using Applied Biosystems 3130xl Genetic
Analyzer and then the result were typed and matched
manually between the reference and the post mortem
samples. The total duration for the DNA analysis were 7
days with satisfying result; 45 profiles were successfully
genotyped from all the post mortem samples and 44 post
mortem samples were successfully matched with reference
samples. The DNA profile were also used for body parts
reconstruction.
WFF2014
AFSN WORKGROUP
ILLICIT DRUGS
AFSN WORKGROUP WORKSHOP
Oct 12 (Sun) ~ Oct 14 (Tue)
ID P-1
IDENTIFICATION OF 3-TRIFLUOROMETHYLPHE
NYLPIPERAZINE (TFMPP) FROM THE UNKNOWN
WHITE CRYSTALLINE SUBSTANCE
Chang Ying, Zhao Yang, Huang Xing, Gao Li-Sheng
Ministry of Public Security, Institute of Forensic Science,
Beijing, China
3-Trifluoromethylphenylpiperazine(TFMPP) was detected
recently by the drug laboratory of IFS (Institute of Forensic
Science, Ministry of Public Security, P. R. China).The white
crystalline substance was delivered by the police to our
laboratory. The white crystalline substance was screened by
colour tests and the presence of 3-Trifluoromethylphenylipe
razine was confirmed by GC-MS and NMR. This is the first
report of finding this substance in China Mainland. 3-Triflu
oromethylphenylpiperazine (TFMPP) is a recreational drug
of the piperazine chemical class. TFMPP itself is a central
nervous system stimulant. It has been reported to stimulate
the release of dopamine, noradrenaline, and serotonin,
and also inhibit their reuptake. The substances are thus
amfetamine mimics and predominantly found in tablet form
either alone, in combination with other piperazines or with
amfetamine, cocaine, ketamine or MDMA. It is sold as a legal
alternative to the illicit drug MDMA (”Ecstasy”) under the
name “Legal X”. It is suggested that more attention should be
paid on Piperazines family of new psychoactive substances in
Asia.
KEYWORDS TFMPP; NEW PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES;
PIPERAZINES
ID P-2
IDENTIFICATION OF NEW PSYCHOACTIVE
SUBSTANCES IN THE JURISDICTIONS OF BALI AND
WEST NUSA TENGGARA REGIONAL POLICE
Roedy Aris Tavip
Center of Forensic Laboratory of Criminal Investigative
Division, Indonesian National Police, Jakarta, Indonesia
The increase of wide-spread distribution and misuse of new
psychoactive substances require special attention of law
enforcement agencies, Indonesian National Police (INP),
184
and National Narcotics Board of Republic of Indonesia in
regard to prevention and eradication of misuse and ilicit
sales of narcotics. In addition to the information from the
intelligence unit, forensic analysis of physical and chemical
characterization of evidence by implementing forensic
sciences in evidence examination may support them in these
cases.
The result of forensic analysis of 5 items of evidence seized
in the jurisdictions of Bali and West Nusa Tenggara Regional
Police in 2013 showed that there were 4 new designer drugs
and 1 known drug that are not listed in Law of Republic
of Indonesia, Article No. 35, year of 2009. These were
Methylone (3, 4-methylenedioxy-N-methylcathinone),
MPHP (4-methyl-α-pyrrolidine-hexiophenone), XLR11 (3-tetramethyl cyclopropylmethanone), and 5-APB
(5-(2-aminopropyl) benzofuran) and the known drug was
ketamine.
KEYWORDS NEW DESIGNER DRUG(S); FORENSIC
ANALYSIS; ARTICLE NUMBER 35 IN THE YEAR OF
2009
ID P-3
EFFECT OF PH AND SODIUM CHLORIDE ON LIQUIDLIQUID EXTRACTION METHOD FOR MDMA
ANALYSIS IN ECSTASY TABLET USING GC-MS
Riska Dwi Widayati
Drug Testing Laboratory, National Narcotics Board of
Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
In forensic casework, liquid-liquid extractions are the most
common technique used for powdered and tablet analysis.
Methanol is the common solvent used but other solvents such
as ethyl acetate and chloroform are also used in an extraction.
However, these extractions have limitation because there are
some drugs that require specialized extraction techniques due
to the acid/base properties of the analyte.
Nowadays, ecstasy tablet ingredients are found to contain
many substances so single solvent is not enough for better
extraction. Better extraction needs better solvent to extracting
them with GC analysis. The influence of sodium chlorides on
the extraction of MDMA with different pH was studied by
using extraction solvent of dichloromethane, dichloroethane
and heptane. Weight of sodium chlorides in various range
(100 mg, 200 mg, and 400 mg) and solutions with different
pH (8.5, 9, 9.5, and 10) have been used in this study.
The result showed that pH 10 was the optimum
pH for extraction of MDMA and other impurities
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
(Methamphetamine, Caffeine and Ketamine). Addition of
adequate amount of NaCl (200 mg) was the optimum amount
to give better extraction with GC analysis so impurities can
be clearly identified and shown on normalization of area in
GC analysis which gives higher response than 100 mg and
400 mg of NaCl.
NOVEL “SPICE” DRUGS; SYNTHETIC
CANNABINOIDS; LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY
KEYWORDS
AFSN WORKGROUP WORKSHOP
Oct 12 (Sun) ~ Oct 14 (Tue)
KEYWORDS LIQUID-LIQUID EXTRACTION; MDMA
ANALYSIS; EFFECT OF SODIUM CHLORIDE
precise, sensitive and fast for the determination of those 10
common synthetic cannabinoids in novel “spice” drugs.
AFSN WORKGROUP
TOXICOLOGY
ID P-4
SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF 10 SYNTHETIC
CANNABINOIDS IN NOVEL “SPICE” DRUGS BY HPLC
AND LC-MS/MS
TX P-1
Wanfeng Zhai, Chunshui Zhang, Lisheng Gao
Drug Detection Division, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry
of Public Security, Beijing, China
Yujing Luan, Leiping Zhang, Ruihua Wang, Ying Dong,
Hongyan Du, Fanglin Wang, Yi He, Zhongshan Yu
Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security,
Beijing, China
A high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method
and a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric
(LC-MS/MS) method were developed for the simultaneous
determination of 10 synthetic cannabinoids in novel “spice”
drugs. This is the first report of detection and determination of
synthetic cannabinoids by LC-MS/MS and the first report of
simultaneous determination of more than 2 kinds of synthetic
cannabinoids by HPLC in Mainland China. Samples were
extracted by methanol, centrifuged and filtered. In the
HPLC method, a Shim-pack XR-ODS C18 (4.6×250mm,
5μm) column was used at 45ºC. The mobile phase system
contained methanol-acetonitrile (50:50, v/v) and water, and
the percentage of organic phase changed between 66% and
89.1% in a linear gradient elution of 33 min. The samples
were detected by an ultraviolet detector at 220nm. Validation
of the method included the assessment of selectivity, linearity
(1 to 100 μg/mL), limits of detection (1~5 ng), imprecision
(intra-day RSDs≤1.68%, inter-day RSDs≤2.36%) and
accuracy(98.15%~102.07% of target concentration). In the
LC-MS/MS method, a Poroshell 120 EC-C18 (3.0×50mm,
2.7μm) column was used at 35ºC. The aqueous mobile phase
consisted of 5mM ammonium formate and 0.2% formic
acid in water, while the organic mobile phase was methanol.
The percentage of organic phase changed between 70%
and 88% in a linear gradient elution in 11 min. Validation
of the method included the assessment of selectivity,
linearity (1 to 100 or 10 to 1000 ng/mL), limits of detection
(0.1~2 pg), imprecision (intra-day RSDs≤3.55%, inter-day
RSDs≤7.96%) and accuracy(96.83%~103.16% of target
concentration). Both methods were proved to be accurate,
LC-MS/MS DETERMINATION OF GAMMAHYDROXYBUTYRATE IN HUMAN URINE
GHB are becoming popular recreational drugs. As a result
of its strong sedative and amnesiac effects, GHB has been
implicated in a number of DFSA cases. The natural presence
of GHB in the human body and its rapid elimination after
ingestion make it difficult to detect and to evaluate its roles
in suspected GHB-facilitated assaults. The paper describes
an analytical method for the determination of GHB in urine
using LC-MS/MS. Samples were acidified by ammonium
chloride solution and extracted with ethyl acetate, and then
the extracts were anazyled by LC-MS/MS. The limit of
detection was 1μg/mL(S/N=3). The intra- and inter-day
precisions were within 10.0% at three concentrations. The
methods were found to be sensitive, accurate, rapid and
suitable for the forensic toxicology to test of GHB in real
cases.
KEYWORDS
Γ-HYDROXYBUTYRATE(GHB); URINE;
LC/MS/MS
TX P-2
DETERMINATION OF CHLORIMURON-ETHYL BY LCMS/MS
Leiping Zhang, Yujing Luan, Zhongshan Yu, Hongyan Du,
Yi He
Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security,
Beijing, China
185
AFSN WORKGROUP WORKSHOP
Oct 12 (Sun) ~ Oct 14 (Tue)
WFF2014
Chlorimuron-ethyl is a kind of sulfonylurea herbicide. Its
chemical name is ethyl 2-{[(4-chloro-6-methoxypyrimidin2-yl)carbamoyl]sulfamoyl}benzoate. molecular formula is
C15H15CLN4O6S, and molecular weight is 414.82. In the
past few years, we notice that happened some Related cases.
Objective: To establish a method of liquid chromatography/
tandem mass spectrometry for determination of Chlorimuronethyl in biological samples.
Methods: Biological samples were extracted and quantified
by LC/MS-MS in the multiple reaction monitoring(MRM)
mode. Results: Chlorimuron-ethyl in biological samples were
separated well. The recoveries were more than 80%, the interday and intra-day precisions were less than 6%. Conclusion:
This method is fast and well separated, and suitable for
determination of Chlorimuron-ethyl in biological samples.
KEYWORDS
CHLORIMURON-ETHYL; TOXICOSIS ; LC-
MS/MS
TX P-3
RAPID DETERMINATION OF OLEANDRIN IN
BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES BY LC-MS/MS METHOD
Fanglin Wang, Yujing Luan, Yao Liu
Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security,
Beijing, China
Nerium indicum. Mill(Nerium oleander L) is a rare evergreen
shrub, which has a long history of cultivation in China,
throughout the world. Oleander is regarded as the most
toxicplants in the world, containing the oleander, glycosides
and other toxic ingredients, the main toxic components is
oleandrin. The paper describes an analytical method for the
determination of oleandrin in biological samples using LCMS/MS. Samples were extracted with solid phase extraction,
and then the extracts were analyzed by LC-MS/MS.
Chromatographic separation was performed on an UPLC
BEH C18 column using gradient elution with 0.1% formic
acid, and detected by the positive electrospray ionizationMS/ M S method under multiple reaction monitor mode. The
run time of each analysis was 5.0 min. The limit of detection
was 1ng/mL(S/N=3). The intra- and inter-day precisions were
within 10.0% at three concentrations. The method was found
to be sensitive, accurate, rapid and suitable for the forensic
toxicology to test of oleandrin in real cases.
OLEANDRIN; BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES;
POISONING
KEYWORDS
186
TX P-4
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A METHOD
FOR THE DETERMINATION OF NICOTINE IN
POSTMORTEM BLOOD USING LC-MS/MS AND A CASE
REPORT, DEATH OF NICOTINE POISONING
Hyesun Yum, Jungjoon Kim, Minji Kang, Sungmin Moon,
Sujin Jeong, Juseon Lee, Seungkyung Baeck
Narcotics, Forensic Toxicology & Chemistry Division, Seoul
Institute, National Forensic Service, Seoul, Korea (South)
Nicotine is an alkaloid found in the Solanaceae plants and
widely used as an insecticide in the past. Its median lethal
dose (LD50) is 50 mg/kg for rats, 3 mg/kg for mice and 3060 mg (0.5-1.0 mg/kg) can be a lethal dose for adult humans.
It acts as a stimulant in small amounts, but high doses can
be harmful. A 56-year-old man found death in his office.
Some search results of toxic substances (ex) cyanides, etc)
for suicide were found in his computer and nicotine was
detected in postmortem specimens. In this study, a simple,
fast and reliable method for the determination of nicotine in
postmortem blood was developed and validated. Acetonitrile
was used for protein precipitation and supernatant was
analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography
coupled with electro spray ionization mass spectrometry.
Analytes were separated by RESTEK Allure PFPP column
(2.1 x 50 mm, 5 μm) using a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min to
1.0 mL/min at 35ºC with gradient elution. Mobile phase A
was 2 mM ammonium formate in D.W and B was 2 mM
ammonium formate in acetonitrile. Linear calibration curves
were obtained at the concentration ranges and the method was
validated by evaluating the selectivity, precision, accuracy
and recovery were also performed. In this case, nicotine
was identified and quantitated on analysis of postmortem
specimens; heart blood and peripheral blood. This method
can be successfully used to detect nicotine in biological
samples.
KEYWORDS NICOTINE; LCMSMS; POSTMORTEM
CONCENTRATIONS
TX P-5
HIGH-THROUGHPUT SPE/GC-MS METHOD FOR
QUANTIFICATION OF METHAMPHETAMINE AND
AMPHETAMINE IN URINE SAMPLES OF DRUG USERS
Sumate Thiangthum, Orapin Tanunkat
Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health,
Nonthaburi, Thailand
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
KEYWORDS METHAMPHETAMINE, AMPHETAMINE;
GC-MS; URINE
TX P-6
BENZODIAZEPINES ANALYSIS IN BLOOD WITH
DRIED BLOOD SPOTS(DBS)
Heesang Lee, Yujin Park, Jiyeong Jo, Sangwhan In, Eunmi
Kim, Sanggil Choe
Forensic Chemistry Division, National Forensic Service,
Yangsan, Korea (South)
Dried Blood Spot (DBS) has been used as a new sample
control method for analysis of inherited metabolic disorder
screening in newborn and various drugs in blood since 1960s.
Compared to existing sample extraction methods (SPE &
LLE) using serum and plasma, DBS has lots of benefits,
lower needed blood volume (less than 20 μL), shorten
analysis time because of more simpler analysis steps, cutter
cost etc. With appearance of a LC-MSMS, as it let qualitative
and quantitative analysis to small blood volume, DBS is
using on behalf of SPE & LLE extraction in many fields. In
toxicology field, many drugs (benzodiazepines, AAP, small
molecule drugs etc) tested by DBS.
We optimized the DBS extraction conditions for
benzodiazepines analysis in blood, DBS cards for blood
extraction (DMPK A, B, C), card drying time, punched
card extraction solvent & time, and LC/MSMS column
& conditions. We can find the best conditions for analysis
benzodiazepines in blood. Also, method validation is
confirmed to DBS extraction compared to existing extraction
method, LOD, LOQ, accuracy, and precision. The results are
satisfied with method validation, <15%.
KEYWORDS DRIED BLOOD SPOTS(DBS); LC/MSMS;
BENZODIAZEPINES
TX P-7
SIMULTANEOUS SCREENING AND QUANTITATION
OF TEN AMPHETAMINES IN URINE BY ON-LINE SPELC/MS METHOD
Helmy Rabaha1, Zhaoqi Zhan2
1
Department of Scientific Services, Ministry of Health, Brunei,
Brunei Darussalam; 2Customer Support Centre, Shimadzu (asia
Pacific) Pte Ltd, Singapore
Amphetamine drugs are a group of illicit drugs. The
conventional analytical procedure in forensic and toxicology
laboratory includes initial immunological screening followed
by GCMS quantitation and confirmation. Recently, rapid
screening and quantitation of illicit drugs by LC/MS are in
demand. In this study, on-line SPE was adopted to develop
an automatic LC/MS method for analysis of 10 amphetamine
drugs in urine. However, it was observed that normal reusable
SPE cartridges could not trap all of the compounds due to the
wide polarity distribution. By using a short C18-column to
replace the SPE cartridge, not only all of the amphetamines
studied could be trapped efficiently, but the trapping column
was used for over 200 times without decrease in trapping
efficiency.
KEYWORDS
ONLINE SPE; AMPHETAMINES; LC/MS
187
AFSN WORKGROUP WORKSHOP
Oct 12 (Sun) ~ Oct 14 (Tue)
Methamphetamine is the most common drug of abuse
in Thailand. Bureau of Drug and Narcotic, Department
of Medical Sciences, as the national drug testing
laboratory, has analyzed more than hundred thousand
urine specimens collected from drug users each year. It is
necessary to develop a high-throughput method capable
of simultaneously determining methamphetamine and
its metabolite, amphetamine, in urine specimens. We
developed a simple and rapid GC-MS method using
automated solid-phase extraction for sample clean up.
Phentermine was used as internal standard. Derivatization
was performed with pentafluoropropionic acid at 65ºC for
25 minutes. Chromatography was conducted on a fused
silica capillary column and analytes were determined
in selected-ion-monitoring (SIM) mode. Mass spectra
of pentafluoropropionyl derivatives showed peak at m/
z 190, 118 and 91 for amphetamine, at m/z 204, 160 and
118 for methamphetamine and at m/z 204, 132 and 91 for
phentermine. The method was fully validated according to
the current recommendations of the USFDA bioanalytical
method validation guidance. There were no interfering peaks
from endogenous components in drug-free urine. Calibration
curves were linear over 100 - 4, 000 ng/mL with correlation
coefficients greater than 0.99. The method was rugged and
sensitive with a lower limit of quantification of 100 ng/mL.
Validation parameters, such as accuracy, intra- and interday precision, and recovery, were within acceptable limits.
Stability of amphetamine and methamphetamine in various
storage conditions were also determined. The method was
proved to be high-throughput and successfully used in our
laboratory to quantify amphetamine and methamphetamine
in urine samples of drug users.
WFF2014
TX P-8
AFSN WORKGROUP WORKSHOP
Oct 12 (Sun) ~ Oct 14 (Tue)
DETECTION AND QUANTITATION OF VECURONIUM
IN BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS IN A CASE OF FATAL
VECURONIUM INTOXICATION
Sung-Min Moon, Jung-Joon Kim, Min-Ji Kang, Hye-Sun
Yum, Su-Jin Jeong, Ju-Seon Lee, Seung-Kyung Baeck
Narcotics, Forensic Toxicology & Chemistry Division, Seoul
Institute, National Forensic Service, Seoul, Korea (South)
Muscle relaxants such as vecuronium, blocking the effect
of Acetylcholine presenting in skeletal muscle, paralyze
the muscles of respiration. Vecuronium should be always
applied with the ventilator because the patient could not
keep breathing even if vecuronium might be administered
in therapeutic concentration range. Because vecuronium
disappears rapidly in blood by hydrolysis, rapid analysis is
essential. Therefore, vecuronium is misused to murder or
suicide cases. For this reason, detection of muscle relaxant is
very important from the forensic aspect. This report presents
a fatal case of a 51 years old male victim who died of selfadministered vecuronium intoxication. The vecuronium level
of the blood sample was measured with high-performance
liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry after
deproteinization with acetonitrile. Mivacuronium was used
as an internal standard. The concentrations of vecuronium in
heart blood and peripheral blood were 0.13 mg/L and 0.056
mg/L, respectively. Vecuronium was detected in gastric
content, aqueous humor and liver, too.
KEYWORDS
VECURONIUM; HPLC-MS/MS; INTOXICATION
TX P-9
APPLICATION OF HOLLOW FIBER LIQUID PHASE
MICRO-EXTRACTION COUPLED WITH HIGHPERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY IN
THE ANALYSIS OF TRAMDOL
Xueguo Chen, Ting Zhang
Department of Forensic Chemistry, National Police University
of China, Shenyang, China
Drug abuse, which affects human nature and causes
numerous crimes, is increasing among people around the
world, especially among the young people. Tramadol is
among the most prevalent of illicit drugs used in our countries
because it can be obtained easily and the price is very lower
than other illicit drugs.
In this article, a sensitive and rapid analytical method
188
coupling two-phase liquid phase micro-extraction based on
ionic liquid and hollow fiber with high-performance liquid
chromatography (HPLC) was established and applied in
the analysis of tramadol in urine. The optimal extraction
conditions of tramdol was listed as follow: The factors
influencing the extraction efficiency were optimized using
single factor. The optimal extraction conditions of tramadol
were listed as follow: 7.0μL of 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazole
double trifluoro methane sulfonyl imide salt was chosen as
extraction organic solution and added in hollow fiber, and
then was placed in 4mL sample, which has been adjusted
the pH as 11.0 with Na2CO3-NaHCO3 buffer, irring speed
was 600rpm, extraction water bath temperature was 45ºC,
extraction time was 40min. Under optimal conditions, a good
linear relationship of tramadol was obtained in the range of
0.05~50μg/mL and the correlation coefficient (r) was 0.9993,
the detection limit and enrichment factor were 0.01 μg/mL
and 197, respectively.
The results showed that the method using two-phase liquid
phase micro-extraction based on ionic liquid and hollow
fiber with HPLC is simpler, requires fewer amounts and
has higher extraction efficiency, and it can be applied in the
identification of tramdol in drugs abused cases.
KEYWORDS
IONIC LIQUID; HOLLOW FIBER; TRAMADOL
TX P-10
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF LIQUID
CHROMATOGRAPHY-TIME OF FLIGHT /
MASSPECTROMETRY METHOD FOR FORENSIC
DRUG SCREENING IN BLOOD SAMPLES
Supranee Pantatan, Ampika Leelapojan
Forensic Chemistry Unit, Bureau of Forensic Service, Central
Institute of Forensic Science, Bangkok, Thailand
A simple and sensitive liquid chromatography-time-of-flight
mass spectrometry (LC-TOF/MS) method for identification
of drugs and metabolites in whole blood was developed and
validated according to international guidelines. The classes
of targeted drugs include benzodiazepines, antidepressants,
antipsychotics, opioid analgesics, and many other
miscellaneous forensically significant substances. Separation
and identification were performed with a Dionex Ultimate
3000 system (Phenomenex C18 column (2.1x150 mm, 5 um))
coupled to a Bruker MicrOTOF 2 mass spectrometer using
an electrospray ionization (ESI) in positive mode. Positive
identification of the targeted drugs is based on accurate
mass measurement of the molecular ion, isotopic pattern
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
KEYWORDS
LC-TOF/MS; DRUG SCREENING; BLOOD
TX P-11
ETHYL GLUCURONIDE(ETG) IN HAIR OF
SUSPECTED ALCOHOLICS IN FORENSIC AUTOPSY
CASES
Hye-Jin Choi, Dong-Kye Lee, Hyun Jee Kim, Se Jin Oh
Busan Institute, National Forensic Service, Yangsan, Korea
(South)
It is necessary to ascertain whether someone is drunken or not
and how much he or she drank in the all kinds of incidents,
especially mortality cases. As a forensic chemist, we usually
analyze alcohol level in body fluids such as blood, aqueous
humor and tissues using gas chromatography. However,
ethanol is eliminated rapidly from the body somewhat
quickly. So it is difficult to confirm that ingestion of alcohol
could lead to death if ethanol is not detected in body fluids
etc. Actually there are so many cases in which no ethanol is
detected in post-mortem specimens even though they were
suspected of alcohol abuse. In this study we investigate hair
ethyl glucuronide (EtG) of suspected alcoholics in forensic
autopsy cases. EtG has been actively investigated as a longterm biomarker of alcohol in many countries for decades.
However EtG test to monitor alcohol consumption has not
been performed in Korea. We developed and validated hair
EtG analysis method by liquid chromatography-tandem mass
spectrometry. Hair samples of proximal 3 cm were collected
and EtG was extracted from 50 mg hair by mixed solvent of
methanol and water. The limit of detection and the limit of
quantification were 5 pg/mg and 12 pg/mg respectively. The
linearity was assessed in the range of 15-5000 pg/mg hair
with a correlation coefficient above 0.999. Nine hair samples
from forensic autopsies were analysed and EtG concentration
ranged from 75 to 9891 pg/mg.
KEYWORDS
ETHYL GLUCURONIDE; HAIR; POST-
MORTEM
TX P-12
IDENTIFICATION OF XENOBIOTICS BY 1H NMR
SPECTROSCOPY IN VARIOUS BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS
Dong-Kye Lee
1
Busan Institute, National Forensic Service, Yangsan-si, Korea
(South); 2Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for
Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
(South)
NMR spectroscopy can be applied to identify and quantitate
xenobiotics directly in various biological fluids such as,
blood, urine, gastric fluid and saliva. Also, this technique
was applied to variety of xenobiotics, such as pesticides,
pharmaceuticals and solvents. In ethylene glycol poisoning
case, we assigned the singlet signal at 3.7 ppm in blood
sample. Aspirin was identified by its several aromatic signals
at 7.0, 7.5 and 7.8 ppm in gastric fluid sample. Also, 1H
NMR was used to identify paraquat in gastric fluid due
to its two aromatic signals at 8.4 and 8.9 ppm. Methomyl
was characterized by it resonances at 2.3, 2.4 and 2.8 ppm
in gastric fluid, but not found in blood. In this study, we
describe the application of 1H NMR as methods to identify
xenobiotics in various biological fluids, without any presample preparation.
KEYWORDS
XENOBIOTIC; NMR; BIOLOGICAL FLUID
TX P-13
SENSITIVE METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF
11-NOR-9-CARBOXY-TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL IN
HAIR BY COLUMN SWITCHING LC/MS/MS
Meejung Park, Sunghoon Yeon, Inhoi Han, Jeasin Lee,
Yonghoon Park
Drug and Toxicology Division, National Forensic Service,
Wonju, Korea (South)
Introduction: Hair analysis has been regarded as an
alternative method for urine analysis in forensic and
189
AFSN WORKGROUP WORKSHOP
Oct 12 (Sun) ~ Oct 14 (Tue)
match and retention times of the analytes. In addition, the
fragmentation spectra generated from in-source collisioninduced-dissociation (ISCID) were also used for additional
confirmatory purposes in some compounds. For all analytes,
the limit of detection (LOD) was between 5-50 ng/mL.
Matrix effects in general were found to be acceptable (+/20%), except in some drugs. Nonetheless LODs were
considered adequate for forensic toxicology purposes. This
method was applied to a number of actual forensic samples
confirming that the results produced from this method were
consistent with results obtained from routine LC-MS/MS
method. The presented LC-TOF/MS method showed to be
appropriate for multi-targeted screening of drugs important in
drug-facilitated crime cases. With the ability for both targeted
and non-targeted screening, LC-TOF/MS can be an ideal tool
for forensic toxicology screening.
AFSN WORKGROUP WORKSHOP
Oct 12 (Sun) ~ Oct 14 (Tue)
WFF2014
criminal cases. Cannabis (marijuana) is one of the most
widely used drugs in the world and it has been controlled
in South Korea since 1976. Identification of 11-nor-9carboxy-tetrahydrocannabinol (THCCOOH) in hair can be
an important proof of cannabis use because it can exclude
the possibility of passive cannabis smoke exposure. In this
study, we described a quantitative method of THCCOOH in
hair using simple liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and selective
column switching liquid chromatography with ESI-MS3.
Methods: The column switching valve was put in the column
compartment. A pre-column (C18, 2.0 × 30 mm, 3.0 μm)
was used in the modified gradient method. For the column
switching system, the trap column (C18, 1.0 × 30 mm, 2.6
μm) and the analytical column (C18, 2.1 x 75 mm, 2.7 μm)
were used. Valve switch from precolumn to trap column was
set from 3.0 to 4.0 min. The sample extract was injected on
the precolumn and THCCOOH appeared around 3.5 min in
this precolumn. From 3.0 to 4.0 min the analytes were flushed
onto the trap column. After 4.0 min the valve was switched
to the original position and the analytes in the trap column
were eluted onto the analytical column. Resolution occurred
in this column by increasing the ratio of organic solvent and
finally eluted into the electrospray ionization (ESI)-MS3
system. Internal standard was THCCOOH-d3. In the MS3
experiment, THCCOOH ionized best in negative ESI mode
and an [M-H-] ion was observed at m/z 343, which was
fragmented into the second precursor ion at m/z 299.2 and
the resulting MS3 spectrum showed an intense peak at m/
z 245.1; therefore, for the quantification of THCCOOH, the
MS/MS/MS ion transition monitored was m/z 343.2 → 299.1
→ 245.2.
Results and Conclusion: The correlation coefficients (r2) of
calibration curves were larger than 0.9997 with mean slope
of 0.0202 and the mean intercept of 0.0017. The limit of
detection was 0.08 pg/mg and the limit of quantification was
0.1 pg/mg. The mean values of matrix effect at 10 pg/20 mg
and 50 pg/20 mg were 82.8 and 70.6 %, respectively. The
CVs of the matrix effect, a measure of the relative matrix
effect for an analyte, at each concentration were 9.5 and 6.1
%, respectively. The mean values of recovery were 91.7 and
74.0 % and those of process efficiency were 80.6 and 66.3 %
at 10 and 50 pg/20 mg hair, respectively.
The range of concentration of THCCOOH from 94
authentic human hair was 0.1 ~ 15.7 pg/mg. This method
was successfully applied in the analysis of authentic human
hair samples. The developed method will be very useful for
quantification of THCCOOH in hair in both legal and public
health aspects.
KEYWORDS
190
HAIR; THCCOOH; LC/MS/MS
TX P-14
DETERMINATION OF BENZATROPINE IN HAIR BY
GC/MS AFTER LIQUID-LIQUID EXTRACTION (LLE)
USING METHANOL AND PHOSPHATE BUFFER
Abdulsallam Bakdash
Forensic Chemistry, Faculty of Forensic Sciences / Naif Arab
University for Security Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Abstract: Benzatropine is used to treat symptoms of
Parkinson's disease or involuntary movements due to the side
effects of certain psychiatric drugs. We report in this study,
results of a procedure for the determination of benzatropine
in hair using LLE, once with methanol and second with
phosphate buffer (pH 6.0), followed by filtration and then
re-extraction with dichloromethane. A GC/MS method was
developed and validated for this determination using selected
ion monitoring (SIM) detection without derivatization.
Linearity was established over the concentration range 0.120.0 ng/mg hair, and the correlation coefficients were greater
than 0.99. Recoveries were 52.2% and 21.1% using methanol
and phosphate buffer extraction, respectively. Detection
limits of benzatropine in hair were between 0.65 and 3.0 ng/
mg hair, while the accuracy were 10.4% and 18.5% (RSD),
respectively. We also applied this method in the analysis
of soaked hair samples and demonstrated that the LLE
using methanol meets the requirement for the analysis of
benzatropine in hair.
KEYWORDS
HAIR ANALYSIS; BENZATROPINE; GC/MS
AFSN WORKGROUP
TRACE EVIDENCE
TE P-2
THE CONSTRUCTION OF ELECTRICAL TAPE
EVIDENCE DATABASE IN CHINA
Zhenwen Sun, Yangke Quan, Yuyou Sun, Hong Zhou, Ting
Qiao, Yao Liu
Trace Evidence Department, Institute of Forensic Science,
Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, China
This study aimed to establish electrical tape evidence
database for comparison and information retrieval. A total of
350 electrical tape samples were collected from 72 brands
available in China market.
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
physical and chemical parameters of electrical tapes can
be excellent indicators for identifying the specific brand or
manufacture. Electrical tape evidence database is helpful to
provide directions and clues in crime scene investigation.
KEYWORDS ELECTRICAL TAPE; DATABASE; PHYSICAL
TESTING AND CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
TE P-3
FORENSIC CLASSIFICATION AND CONNECTION OF
COUNTERFEIT BANKNOTE PAPER BY LA-ICP-MS
AND MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS METHODS: A CASE
REPORT
Hongling Guo1, Gao Ting2 , Quan Yangke1, Yin Baohua1, Shi
Gaojun1
1
Trace Evidence, Institute of Forensic Science, Beijing, China;
2
Criminal Science and Technology, China People’s Public
Security University, Beijing, China
The crime of counterfeit currency is one of the most serious
problems in the world and has been bothering many countries
since the emergence of currency. In China, it has been
increased over years and had a terrible effect on economy
development. The most widely used and effective way to
examine counterfeit banknotes is by visual and physical
comparison. But for materials to make counterfeit notes
such as paper, printing ink or toner and half-product without
a characteristic additional imitation of security features,
other methods should be used to give enough information to
identify if they come from the same source. This information
is also very useful to connect cases through these materials
and half-products. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma
mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) is one of the best ways to
examine paper samples, which meets the fast, nondestructive
analysis requirements of trace paper samples or paper sample
with ink on it. In this paper, 15 special paper samples used
to make counterfeit banknotes were seized from 12 different
cases happened in different provinces, China and analyzed
by LA-ICP-MS. And the data were processed by multivariate
techniques of cluster analysis and principle component
analysis. All these paper samples were mainly classified into
6 groups. Eight separate cases were successfully connected
by paper analysis. The results were verified by the suspects
who sold this kind of paper and who used them to make
counterfeit notes.vCOUNTERFEIT BANKNOTE PAPER;
LA-ICP-MS; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS
191
AFSN WORKGROUP WORKSHOP
Oct 12 (Sun) ~ Oct 14 (Tue)
Five methods including physical testing and chemical
analysis were employed to assess the characteristic
parameters of electrical tape samples. (1) Thickness
measurement of samples was performed on a coating
thickness gauge without separating backing and adhesive.
Replicate analyses were conducted on 3 different positions
of each sample to confirm reproducibility of the data. Then
mean value (Mean), standard deviation (SD), and relative
standard deviation (RSD) of thickness were calculated and
compared with each other. (2) Scanning electron microscopy
with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS)
analysis was used for determining the relative amounts of
two main elements (Chloride and Calcium) in the backings.
Samples with same color and different brands were
discriminated by quantitative analysis of major elements
(ratio of Cl to Ca). Replicate analyses were conducted on 3
different positions of each sample. (3) X-ray fluorescence
spectrometry (XRF) spectroscopy was carried out to analyze
the trace elements in the backings. Qualitative analysis of
trace elements (Mg, Al, Si, S, Ti, Ba, Pb, Sb) were performed
to discriminate samples. (4) Both the adhesive and backing
sides of samples were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared
spectroscopy (FT-IR) with Attenuated Total Reflection
(ATR) accessory without separating backing and adhesive.
(5) Pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (PyGC/MS) method was used for analysis the component of
adhesives. Samples can be distinguished by the kinds of
pyrolysis products and can be further distinguished by
the relative proportion of main pyrolysis products. The
discrimination rate of each technique as well as the ability of
several techniques combined was evaluated by data analysis.
Samples with the same color were divided into different
groups based on the qualitative data (including XRF, FT-IR
and Py-GC/MS results). The between-sample comparisons
of the quantitative data (relative amounts of Cl to Ca and
thickness value) were tested by one-way ANOVA analysis.
The evidential value of these techniques was investigated
and characteristic parameters were determined based on their
discrimination rates. The characteristic parameters are with
high sensitivity, specificity, as well as stability.
Electrical tape evidence database with comparison and
retrieval function was constructed to systematically collate
all of the sample information (including brand, manufacturer,
models, country of origin, color) and characteristic
parameters (including qualitative and quantitative
parameters). The retrieval function of the database can
be realized by searching of keywords of qualitative
parameters and value of quantitative parameters. The range
of quantitative parameters was confirmed by analysis of
different samples of the same batch. It is concluded that the
WFF2014
TE P-4
AFSN WORKGROUP WORKSHOP
Oct 12 (Sun) ~ Oct 14 (Tue)
A TECHNIQUE TO VISUALIZE PATTERNS OF
GUNSHOT RESIDUE FOR ESTIMATION OF
SHOOTING DISTANCE: M-XRF
Yiyi Li, Xinhe Ma, Xiaolin Wang
Firearm Examination, Institute of Forensic Science Ministry of
Public Security P.r.c., Beijin, China
Millimeter-X-ray fluorescence analysis (m-XRF) is a nondestructive technique for visualization patterns of gunshot
residues (GSRs). As the spot size of X-ray lies in the
millimeter range, the m-XRF spectrometer is appropriate for
mapping the residue patterns. In order to demonstrate the
capabilities of the m-XRF, a series of test shots, 5-100cm
shooting distance, were prepared on cotton fabric with
7.62mm Model 1964 pistol. The result shows that this kind
of method offers an easy way to record mappings of GSRs
containing such elements not detectable by the common
chemographic methods. And also, the m-XRF is adequate for
the assessment of the residue patterns for shooting distance
determination.
SHOOTING DISTANCE ESTIMATION;
GUNSHOT RESIDUES (GSRS); MILLINMETER-X-RAY
FLUORESCENCE ANALYSIS(M-XRF)
KEYWORDS
scene investigators. Many investigators in China are poor
trained that lead to low fingerprint collection rate at crime
scenes in some areas. And now many investigators are
reluctant to search fingermarks; they prefer DNA or CCTV
footage instead. Proper training should be provided to
these investigators on how to search, collect and develop
fingermarks from crime scenes. The investigators should also
know that DNA is complementary to fingerprint and CCTV
footage is not always available, especially in the rural area.
To improve the Automated Fingerprint Identification
System (AFIS) is one of the most important by not the last
approaches. Currently there is not a national AFIS in China
which seriously limit its full application. AFIS in China is
built on provincial level and there are seven types of AFIS
from different manufacturers in the total 31 provinces of
mainland China. The cross-provincial fingerprint searches
are managed by MPS via an assistant platform. However,
the barriers among the seven manufactures still affect the indepth application of AFIS significantly. In order to solve the
above problems, from 2005 the Ministry of Public Security
(MPS) established a Central Management System to operate
the cross-provincial search for the important suspects. In the
meantime, MPS also initiated the work of accreditation of the
provincial AFIS to eliminate the barriers among the different
manufactures that makes the searches between any two
provincial AFIS possible. The above measures have improve
the AFIS effectively and a national AFIS plan is also being
investigated now.
TE P-5
FINGERPRINT TECHNOLOGY IN CHINA, WHERE TO
GO?
Rongliang Ma
Fingerprint Section, Institute of Forensic Science, Beijing, China
The application of fingerprint in crime investigation in China
is experiencing the pain of descending. Only in less than 10%
cases can be found fingerprints at crime scenes recently. DNA
and other ‘novel’ evidences become the favorable forensic
evidences by investigators. So, where to go for fingerprint
technology in China and what is the solution for this status?
The first solution is to develop advanced fingerprint detection
techniques. More sensitive techniques should be studied
and applied in fingermark detection such as luminescent
technology and nanotechnology. Chemical imaging and
Raman mapping are also promising methods despite of their
cost. It should be noted that many effective approaches have
been invented in the past decade and they are gradually being
studied and applied in China.
The second solving method is more training for crime
192
KEYWORDS
FINGERPRINT; DETECTION; AFIS
TE P-6
THE FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH ON MECHANISM
OF CHARRED DOCUMENTS BASED ON THE
THERMALGRAVIMETRY TECHNIQUE
Da Qin, Xingzhou Han, Zihan Guo, Hongguang Hao
Department of Questioned Document Examination, Institute of
Forensic Science, Mps, Beijing, China
In questioned-document examination area, charred document
is a burned paper or paper fragments that contains message.
The examination of fire-charred documents and deciphering
the writing thereon is important for gaining information. It
demands a careful application of certain scientific methods
and techniques because of its unstable nature, not generally
known or used in the profession of document examination.
Also the paper burning mechanism is essential in this subject.
Here, thermalgravimetry (TG) is applied to investigate
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
10 kinds of paper. The results show that dehydration and
depolymerisation are the two main pathways of paper
cellulose in the burning process. The shapes of curves
are similar, but vary depending physical and chemical
composition of paper. The results are the fundamentals of the
examination and deciphering the charred documents.
TE P-7
THE RESEARCH ON THE VALUE OF THE
HANDWRITING FEATURES BY REPEATED IMITATED
CHINESE ART SIGNATURE
Haiqian Yan, Da Qin, Xinzhou Han, Xiaoguang Wang,
Hongguang Hao
Department of Questioned Document Examination, Institute of
Forensic Science, Mps, Beijing, China
Chinese art signature is more and more popular in China,
especially in commercial area. Also the cases appear that
writer imitates handwriting to forge signature. To study
the examination of art signatures is essential for Chinese
handwriting analysis. In this experiment, two Chinese
art signatures were designed and 120 experimenters with
different occupations, ages and writing levels were asked to
practice and copy the signatures. After 100th imitation, the
imitated signatures were analyzed to find the handwriting
feature rules. The results show that for this kinds of signature,
some handwriting features, including the finishing stroke of
signature and the writing strength et al, are more valuable
than other features.
QUESTIONED DOCUMENT EXAMINATION;
CHINESE ART SIGNATURE; IMITATION
KEYWORDS
TE P-8
THE TRANSFER AND PERSISTENCE OF THE FIBERS
ON HANDS AFTER WASHING
Aleum Han, Sojung Kim, Dasom Son, Heewon Min,
Sungwook Hong
Graduate School of Forensic Sciences, Soonchunhyang
University, Asan-Si, Korea (South)
To find out the characteristic of fiber transfer on living
subjects, we set an experiment for ten different subjects,
KEYWORDS
FIBER; TRANSFER; PERSISTENCE
TE P-9
THE STUDY FOR SUBCLASS CHARACTERISTICS
OF FIRING PIN MARKS BY MODEL QSZ92 CAL.9MM
PISTOL
Xiaolin Wang, Yiyi Li, Xinhe Ma
Firearms, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public
Security, P.r.c, Beijing, China
Subclass characteristics is a kind of random marks in
manufacture process. It should be distinguished from
both individual characteristics and class characteristics by
examiners when dealing with the identification. The paper
studies the subclass characteristics of firing pin marks by
Model QSZ92 cal.9mm Pistol. Through examining and
comparing the firing pin marks by ten similarly consecutively
manufactured firing pins of Model QSZ92 cal.9mm Pistol, it
comes to the conclusion that circumferential tool marks on
the surface of the firing pins, which caused by a lathe-turning
process, belongs to a kind of subclass characteristics, and this
kind of marks should not be wholly reliable for identification
to a specific firearm.
KEYWORDS
SUBCLASS CHARACTERISTICS; FIRING
193
AFSN WORKGROUP WORKSHOP
Oct 12 (Sun) ~ Oct 14 (Tue)
KEYWORDS QUESTIONED DOCUMENT EXAMINATION;
CHARRED DOCUMENT; THERMALGRAVIMETRY
5 males and 5 females. Each subject closed and opened
a handgrip, covered by red cotton T-shirts, for ten times
consecutively, thus total number of collected experimental
data is one hundred. The results of the experiment show
that the minimum number of transferred fibers is 301 and
the maximum number of transferred fibers is 2, 350 (mean
723.76 ±71.38). And then, to know whether the transferred
fibers would be persisted after washing hands, the subjects
washed their hands with water in a basin and dried with
a paper hand towel. Interestingly, the result of the fiber
persistence experiment shows that the transferred fibers still
present on the hands, even though the subjects washed their
hands. We counted the persisted fibers on subjects’ hands
from 7 to 195 (mean 35.14 ±5.35). The persisted fibers ratio
was 5.47%, and the difference in rate of fibers to males and
females was not significant at the 5% level. The result of
the experiment is the contrary result to the common belief,
‘after washing hands, fibers would not be persisted on the
hands.’ This result clearly shows that the fiber evidence is
still valuable even victim/suspect washes their hands before
evidence collection.
WFF2014
PIN MARKS; MODEL QSZ92 CAL.9MM PISTOL
TE P-10
AFSN WORKGROUP WORKSHOP
Oct 12 (Sun) ~ Oct 14 (Tue)
THE EVIDENTIAL VALUE OF COLOURED STAPLES IN
FORENSIC EXAMINATION
Wan Yee Soong, Grace Miao' En Wong, Alaric Chin Wai
Koh, Yihua Li, Thiam Bon Lim
Forensic Chemistry and Physics Laboratory, Health Sciences
Authority, Singapore
In Singapore, drug trafficking is a serious offence and may
result in death penalty. Forensic examination is usually
carried out to establish linkages between the drug packages
and suspects. A case involving drug packages sealed with
coloured staples was encountered and examination was
carried out to associate the coloured staples on the drug
packages to staples found at the suspect’s house. The
coloured coating on staples and manufacturing marks on the
underside of staple strips were examined to establish linkages
between the questioned staples and the known staples. At this
moment, associations using the coloured coating on staples
have not been reported in any forensic literature. Hence,
there is a need to perform studies to determine the evidential
value of such coloured staples. This project explores the
possibility of establishing association using a combination
of the coloured coating and the manufacturing marks on
staples. Different brands of coloured staples, and similar
brands obtained from different sources were examined,
and comparison of their physical characteristics, chemical
compositions and manufacturing marks on the staples will be
presented.
S TA P L E S ; C O L O U R E D C O AT I N G ;
MANUFACTURING MARKS
KEYWORDS
TE P-11
RESEARCH ON THE EXAMINATION OF CONTINUOUS
OF LASER PRINTED DOCUMENTS
Xingzhou Han1, Da Qin2 , Jiantong Huang1, Xiaoguang
Wang2 , Zihan Guo2
1
Institute of Criminal Science and Technology, Pelople's Public
Security University of China, Beijing, China; 2Questioned
Document Examination Laboratory, Institute of Forensic
Science Ministry of Public Security, China, Beijing, China
Identification of the continuity of laser printed documents
194
is much more important and growing demand in our daily
working. There are no mature examination methods to
resolve this problem all over the world. Toner component
analysis can indentify two pieces of documents when used
different types of toners, but could not indentify if they are
printed by the same printer and toners. Nowadays, the organic
photoconductive drums are used in laser printer, which is
easily be breakdown by laser or scratched by other devices,
papers, etc. And the trace point will be exit on the drum and
can be printed on the paper regularly. The distance of the two
points on the paper equal to the diameter of the drum. This
paper mainly studies the relationship of the distance and the
continuity as the research object to HP Laser P1106. In the
experiment, printed 500 pages continuously, measure the
distance(hn下) of the lowermost point to the bottom of page n
and the distance(h(n+1)上) of the top point to the top of page
n+1, and calculate the “d”, which is equal to hn下+ h(n+1)
上. We gain the conclusion that if the two papers are printed
continuously, d presents certain rules:when hn下<=4.5cm, d
in the range interval [3.4, 10.6].when hn下 in the interval [10,
76), d in the range interval[78, 88.1].We can conclude that
this method is very useful to indentify the continuous laser
printing, and is much more useful to negative.
KEYWORDS LASER PRINTED DOCUMENT; CONTINUOUS
PRINTED ; EXAMINATION
TE P-12
A NEW METHOD OF ALTERED HANDWRITING
EXAMINATION: ACCUMULATIVE WRITING
PIGMENT AROUND THE PAPER FIBERS
Jiantong Huang, Xingzhou Han, Wei Han
Institute of Forensic Science, Pelople's Public Security
University of China, Beijing, China
Different writing tools can make different stroke marks on
the paper, and the marks can be a huge difference especially
written by different people. The stroke formation reflects
its writing actions (pen lift, movement, pen pause) through
the pigments of the writing tools. As we all know, paper
is made of fibers, which is disorganized and all directions.
When the pen is moving on the paper, the nib will be
stopped by the fibers from time to time, and the pigments
will be accumulated in one side of the fibers. Due to the
accumulate pigments patterns, we can identify the running
direction of the writing tools. This paper mainly introduced
the examination methods of altered handwriting through
microscopic observation test of the pigments accumulate
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
pattern. In this experiment, different writing tools, such as
pen, gel pen, brush pen, pencil and fiber pen, etc are used.
Observe the pigments accumulate patterns to judge the
writing direction and identify the handwriting or the strokes
are altered or not. We can conclude that this method is very
useful to test the questioned handwriting or strokes are altered
or not.
KEYWORDS LIGHTER FLINT RESIDUE; SEM/EDS;
TRACE EVIDENCE
TE P-13
PARTICLE ANALYSIS OF LIGHTER FLINT
RESIDUE AND COMPARISON WITH THE GUNSHOT
RESIDUE(GSR) PARTICLES USING SCANNING
ELECTRON MICROSCOPY/ENERGY DISPERSIVE
X-RAY SPECTROMETRY(SEM/EDS)
TE P-14
DISCUSSION ON THE EFFECTION OF DEVELOPMENT
TECHNOLOGY IN THE DETERMINATION OF
METHAMPHETAMINE IN SWEAT LATENT
FINGERMARKS
Won-Seok Park1, Jae-Hoon Cha1, Chung-Hyun Jeon2
1
Scientific Investigation Laboratory, Ministry of National
Defense, Seoul, Korea (South); 2Scientific Investigation Team,
Naval Military Police Group, Chungnam, Korea (South)
Ting Zhang, Xueguo Chen
Department of Forensic Chemistry, National Police University
of China, Shenyang, China
The purpose of this study is to establish the analytical method
of lighter flint residue using scanning electron microscopy/
energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry(SEM/EDS), and to
achieve such end inorganic gunshot residue(GSR) analytical
method was applied in the study. According to the established
method, four lighters purchased from local stores were
used to produce flint residue in this experiment, which was
collected to be compared with the component with respect
to the making companies. Also, lighter flint residue was
compared to inorganic gunshot residue particles collected
from major firearms of the Korea(South) and rubber-bullet
revolver, one that is used to suppress demonstrations. The
results reveal that all lighters detected the flint residue in
the experiment. Most of the lighter flint residue particles are
spheroidal. we have confirmed lanthanum, cerium, iron as
the major elemens of lighter flint residue and magnesium,
neodymium, zinc, copper as the minor elements. The
elemental composition detected in flint residues can be
classified into three classes: La/Ce/Fe, La/Ce/Fe/Nd, and
La/Ce/Fe/Cu. We have confirmed through EDS mapping
that lighter flint residue, different from GSR particles, is
mixed metal and thus lanthanum, cerium and iron are evenly
combined. The detection of spheroidal particles containing
iron, lanthanum and cerium provides a way to identify lighter
flint residues. These characteristic residues can be used as
As a typical kind of abused drug, methamphetamine has
been abused all over the world in recent years. Drug abusing
can bring various social problems, and the testing of abused
drugs is usually performed with laboratory investigation of
urine. However, the collection of urine is inconvenient and
has the risks of alternation or adulteration. At present, novel
alternative matrices, such as sweat, saliva, hair, fingernail and
exhaled breath have been received more attention in forensic
science.
Fingerprints have been regarded as an important role in
forensic science because of the unique skin ridges pattern
and many compounds could be found in skin ridges and
grooves. Many kinds of excreted and deposited endogenous
and exogenous compounds can be found in sweat latent
fingerprint contains, such as lactate, urea, amino acids,
explosive residues and abused drugs. Therefore, the analysis
of abused drugs in fingermarks deposits has wide worthy and
prospect in forensic science and medical science areas.
In the present study, the comparison of the effect
of development technology to the detection of
methamphetamine in latent fingermark was discussed.
Volunteers who had contacted with methamphetamine
powder were asked to leave fingermarks on clean glasses, and
then these fingermarks were developed with six development
methods, including five powder scrub development methods
195
AFSN WORKGROUP WORKSHOP
Oct 12 (Sun) ~ Oct 14 (Tue)
KEYWORDS ALTERED HANDWRITING EXAMINATION;
ACCUMULATIVE WRITING PIGMENT; WRITING
TOOLS
trace evidence in crime cases where the linkage between a
lighter user and another persons or places is to be established.
And this study would be helpful in determining whether a
victim committed suicide or was murdered by collecting
evidence from lighter flint residue in carbon monoxide
poisoning cases in the Republic of Korea's military.
Furthermore, since the elemental profile of lighter flint
residues is totally different from that of GSR, the lighter flint
residues would not affect the identification of gunshot residue
at all.
AFSN WORKGROUP WORKSHOP
Oct 12 (Sun) ~ Oct 14 (Tue)
WFF2014
and a polybutyl cyanoacrylate fume display method, then
the fingerprints were smeared with wetting cotton wipes and
dissolved with methanol, the detections were performed by
liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/
MS) after ultrasonic extracting of the samples.
The results showed that drug quantity on the fingermarks
treated by six development methods including powder scrub
and polybutyl cyanoacrylate fume display were all reduced
comparing with those untreated fingermarks, but the effecting
was very weak to the quality detection. Furthermore, the
method mentioned in this paper could obtain chemical
information of abused drugs from the sweat deposited within
a fingerprint, and it is a novel research area in analytical
toxicology and fingerprints of forensic science. Moreover, it
is also very suitable for the describing and monitoring of drug
traffic behavior.
LATENT FINGERPRINT; DEVELOPMENT;
METHAMPHETAMINE
KEYWORDS
and the method, through the consult massive correlation
data, the accident scene record, inquired handled a case the
personnel to understand the familiar many illustrative cases,
carries on the scene trace examination appraisal method the
classification, compiles, mainly from vehicles traces (bicycle
trace, vehicle trace), human body traces (pate trace, upper
limb department trace, lower limb department trace) and
other traces (path trace, image material trace, psychological
trace) three big trace aspects have carried on the analysis, the
elaboration to this question, the reproduction accident scene,
determined the non-motor vehicle as the vehicle and in the
non-motor vehicle traffic accident the travel condition to
provide the method and the mentality, enhanced the accuracy
and the fairness which the traffic accident responsibility
recognized.
KEYWORDS TRAFFIC ACCIDENT; TRACE; TRAVEL
CONDITION
TE P-16
TE P-15
ANALYSIS ON TRAVEL CONDITION OF NONVEHICLE IN TRAFFIC ACCIDENT
Hanxin Zhang
Traffic, Explosive and Special Evidence Examination Faculty’s
Office, Department of Criminal Science, China Criminal Police
University, 83 Tawan Str. Huanggu Dist. Shenyang, Liaoning,
P.R.China, China
In recent years, the tendency of our country's road traffic
accident quantity and the casualty rose year-by-year, in
which the accident outstandingly which bumped into by the
vehicle and the non-motor vehicle creates. According to our
country new traffic-law aspect stipulation, when the traffic
accident occurs, determining the non-motor vehicle’s travel
condition is especially important, which requests that the
accident responsibility division has the science, fair appraisal
methods.
This article has summarized the domestic and foreign traffic
accident’s present situations and analyzed the difference
reason about the travel conditions of non-motor vehicle from
three aspects. As bicycle is convenient, quickly, therefore,
this article take developed the quick bicycle to induce the
non-motor vehicle travel characteristic as the example, from
had the contact collision vehicle, the non-motor vehicle,
the human three aspect micro material interchange and
the superficial attachment extraction, the examination,
provided had recognized the suspicion vehicles the basis
196
STUDY THE TRAFFIC ACCIDENT LIABILITY TO THE
PRINCIPLE OF COMPENSATION
Hanxin Zhang
Traffic, Explosive and Special Evidence Examination Faculty’s
Office, Department of Criminal Science, China Criminal Police
University, 83 Tawan Str. Huanggu Dist. Shenyang, Liaoning,
P.R.China, China
In this article, the liability attributable to road traffic accident
attributable to a matter of principle, combined with modern
theory of civil law for compensation to compensation and to
establish he for different situations apply the attribution of the
main responsibilities of the different imputation principles
and road damages cases and responsibility In the form put
forward their own point of view, a reasonable analysis of
there responsibility of the responsible party and the injured
party, and finds no fault of both sides, highlighting of both
parties in the use of what law responsibility and role of road
traffic accident in the respective fault of the principle of
compensation rules compensation. Principle of road traffic
accidents are now used in china to conduct a comprehensive
analysis of and ask questions, problem perfect of imputation
system for the future of accident liability development
and reform build. Strive to make the principle of accident
compensation system is even more perfect road traffic
accident compensation principle applied research summarize
and improve the road traffic accident damages attributable
to the practical application of the principle in handing a
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
traffic accident in the system on the basis of analysis of the
and make recommendations to improve police handing the
accident the police are now use the traffic accident liability
principle scientific process.
KEYWORDS TRAFFIC ACCIDENT; LIABILITY PRINCIPLE;
COMPENSATION
THE STUDY OF NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING
EXPERIMENTAL ON CHANGED HANDWRITING
WRITTEN BY BLACK GEL PEN
Wei Han, Jiangtong Huang, Yusheng Zhang
Intitution of Forensic Science, People's Public Security
University of China, BeiJing, China
The black gel pen is especially widely used in the signing
of important documents. There are more and more changed
handwriting written by black gel pen in all kinds of civil
disputes and criminal cases involving. This work provides a
non-destructive, convenient and effective testing method to
identify the added or altered handwriting by black gel pens.
The inspection process is conducted by spectral imaging
technique and resistance measurement examination, and
the changed handwritings made by black gel pens with
different types of pigments are classified, showing that
spectral imaging technique is able to identify different types
of gel pens but partially carbon black, changed handwriting
by carbonaceous ink can be classified and identified by
resistance measurement examination. The spectral imaging
technique and resistance measurement examination can be
used to identify the changed handwriting with the advantages
of the convenient preparation of sample and the easy and fast
operation of instrument measurement.
KEYWORDS QUESTIONED DOCUMENTS; BLACK GEL
PEN; CHANGED HANDWRITING
TE P-18
APPLYING HIGH PERFORMANCE THIN LAYER
CHROMATOGRAPHY (HPTLC) AND RAMAN
SPECTROSCOPY IN COMBINATION WITH PAPER
CHARACTERISTIC MEASURMENTS TO DETECT
AGING DOCUMENT
Hoang Hung
Institute of Forensic Science, research team, Hanoi, Vietnam
KEYWORDS QUESTIONED DOCUMENT, PHYSICAL
CHARACTERISTIC, PAPER; PIGMENTS, REMAINING
SOLVENTS, HIGH PERFORMANCE THINLAYER
CHROMATOGRAPHY; HPTLC, RAMAN
TE P-19
THE DISCRIMINATION FOR CULTIVATION
CONDITION OF GINSENG USING STABLE ISOTOPES
Kiwook Kim1, Younghoon Jo, Joohyun Song1, Jinhee Lee1, 2 ,
Inwoo Lee, Jisook Min1
1
Division of Chemical Analysis, National Forensic Service,
Ipchun-ro 10, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do, Korea; 2Department of
Chemistry, Yonsei University, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do, Korea
Ginseng is highly esteemed in Korea as an oriental medicine
for protection against numerous diseases and illnesses.
Ginsengs are cultivated for up to six years before the harvest
in autumn (usually October). Thus the price of ginsengs is
highly estimated. It happens very often that Ginsengs are
stolen in harvest season. Sometimes, cheap ginsengs were
suspected as stolen products and they come to this forensic
lab for comparing. For this study, 12 regions were selected
on the basis of Korea regional criteria (si, gun, gu), and three
ginseng-farms were randomly selected in each of the 15
regions and then, three or four ginseng-fields were chosen in
the selected ginseng-farms, and the last, two or three samples
of ginseng were dug up within each of the ginseng-fields. And
then collected ginseng samples were analyzed for the isotopic
composition of the elements H, N, C and O. As the results,
the stable isotope value gave a reasonable differentiation by
197
AFSN WORKGROUP WORKSHOP
Oct 12 (Sun) ~ Oct 14 (Tue)
TE P-17
Nowadays in Vietnam there are a lot of cases required
detecting aging document. Physical characteristics of paper
determined were mass of paper (g/m2), whiteness (ISO, %),
opacity (%), Bekk smoothness (second), air permeability (ml/
min) and thickness (mm). Pigments of ink and it’s remaining
solvents were examinated and identified in high performance
thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) with different solvent
systems. The absorption substance is Silicagel 60 F254 made
by Merck, while the intensity and area of pigment traces
were evaluated with support of CAMAG instruments. The
pigments and remaining ink solvents were also compared
by Raman Spectroscopy (IR and Raman Nicolet 6700, NXR
FT-Raman Module of Thermo Finnigun). Using the above
methods and instruments, different black ballpoint inks
occuring in different times on the same sheet of paper were
differentiated and aging of document was determinated.
WFF2014
the regional groups. Therefore, it is considered that the stable
isotope analysis could be a powerful tool to discriminate the
regional origin of Korea ginseng in South Korea.
AFSN WORKGROUP WORKSHOP
Oct 12 (Sun) ~ Oct 14 (Tue)
TE P-20
DETERMINATION OF MULTI-ELEMENTS IN
FORENSIC HUMAN HAIR BY LA-ICP-MS
Daejun An, Yurim Jang, Hyunkyung Joo, Myungduck Kim,
Jisook Min
Division of Chemical Analysis, National Forensic Service,
Ipchun-ro 10, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do, Korea
The hair has been analyzed in a variety of fields such as
environmental and nutritional researches, etc. Especially, the
crucial and individual information in forensic science was
determined by DNA analysis in the hair samples having root.
However, the forensic hairs with root were not easy to gather
form crime scene. We tried to evaluate analysis method for
determining multi-elements in forensic human hair strands
at least 3cm, in order to obtain useful information from the
hair without root. Hair samples were collected from three
volunteers on same collection date. The collected hair was
washed according to IAEA 50 procedure and single hair
strands were attached one by one at double sided adhesive
tape. The 61 trace elements were determined by laser ablation
inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS). 34S was proposed as an internal standard and used for
normalization of elemental intensity. Three types of certified
reference materials (IAEA085, IAEA086, NIES No.13) were
used as the pellet form. We wanted to confirme whether this
method can be used as an alternative tool of identification
without good results from DNA analysis or not. We also
wanted to get much more information about the hair owner’s
life condition such as sex, smoking habit and occupation, etc.
TE P-21
THE DISCRIMINATION OF BALLPOINT PEN INKS ON
OFFICE PAPER USING LA-ICP-MS
Sangchul Heo1, Jinhee Lee1, 2 , Geammun Nam1, Jisook Min1
1
Division of Chemical Analysis, National Forensic Service,
Ipchun-ro 10, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do, Korea; 2 Department of
Chemistry, Yonsei University, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do, Korea
The differentiation of ballpoint pen inks (black and blue)
written on documents through an LA-ICP-MS methodology
is proposed. A4 white office paper containing ink strokes
198
from ballpoint pens of known origin were cut and measured
without any sample preparation. In a first step, Mg, Ca and
Sr were proposed as internal standards and used in order
to normalize elemental intensities and subtract background
signals from the paper. Then, specific criteria were designed
and employed to identify target elements which resulted
independent of the IS chosen in most of the cases and
allowed a qualitative clustering of the samples. In a second
step, a normalization data based on the targets previously
identified was used to obtain mass independent intensities
and perform pairwise comparisons by means of statistical
analyses. This treatment improved the discrimination
power (DP) and provided objective results, achieving a
complete differentiation among different brands and a partial
differentiation within pen inks from the same brands. The
designed data treatment, together with the use of statistical
tools, represents an easy and useful tool for differentiating
among ballpoint pen inks, with hardly sample destruction
and without the need for methodological calibrations, being
its use potentially advantageous from a forensicpractice
standpoint. The results show that black ballpoint pens of 25
samples and blue ball point pens of 14 samples available
on the local market were successfully discriminated and
identified.
IAFS
KEYNOTE LECTURE
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
IAFS KEYNOTE LECTURE
KL 00
NEW HORIZON IN FORENSIC SCIENCES WITH KOREA
Shinmong Kang
Forensic Medicine, Catholic University, Koera
The field of forensic science in Korea has a long history. Forensic examinations have been used to establish causes of death
since the Joseon Dynasty era hundreds of years ago. Even in their initial stages of use, the methods were very scientific in their
approach. Although there have been many advances in forensic science since, it was only some decades ago that contemporary
techniques were introduced to forensic investigation.
It is no exaggeration to say that the history of forensic science in Korea has come hand-in-hand with the history of the National
Forensic Service - the only official forensic appraisal institution in the country. The National Forensic Service, the one and
only comprehensive forensic science institution in Korea, was created in 1955. The headquarters moved to Wonju last year, and
they are now busy preparing for their 2015 60th anniversary celebrations.. The National Forensic Service includes a Forensic
Science department and Central Medical Examiners’ Office including 10 divisions and 34 sections. In addition, there are five
local branch institutions throughout Seoul, Daejeon, Busan, Daegu, and Gwangju. Approximately 350 specialists are currently
working for the National Forensic Service, handling over 3 hundred thousand cases annually.
In the face of international high profile or mass disasters, the National Forensic Service cooperates closely with institutions
overseas. Some examples of cases in which cooperation has been paramount include the Southeast Asian tsunami of 2004
which caused an estimated three hundred thousand casualties, and the infanticide which took place in the village of Seorae in
Korea in 2006. In this way, the international exchange of forensic information and technology in modern times is becoming a
more pressing and important issue
Korea has established an exemplary system in forensic science while developing various professional methods in criminal
investigation. Students of forensic science from abroad continually come to Korea to study and learn from our forensic
technologies and techniques, in fields such as fingerprinting, personal identification, and laboratory operation. We are eager and
willing to work with you also.
Through combining our forces and knowledge in this international symposium, we hope to contribute to a crime-free world.
We very much hope to make greater efforts toward new advances in the field of forensic science, and we look forward to us
working together. Thank you everyone for being here today.
201
WFF OPENING CEREMONY &
WELCOME RECEPTION
Oct 14 (Tue)
Korea’s forensic investigation systems and techniques have taken rapid strides over the past 60 years. Many institutions relating
to forensic science have been established, and various new research and developments are being carried out in each field. Korea
now has several representative forensic science institutions, including the National Forensic Service, National Police Agency,
Supreme Prosecutors’ Office, and Ministry of National Defence. The National Forensic Service is a leading-edge appraisal
institution in forensic science. The Supreme Prosecutors’ Office is in charge of several aspects of the field, including DNA
profiling. The National Police Agency is a major center for scientific crime scene investigations, and the Ministry of National
Defence has its own forensic research laboratory handling cases within the military.
WFF2014
KL 01
CHALLENGES AND TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE FORENSIC SCIENCES
Alastair Ross
Director, National Institute of Forensic Science, Australia
IAFS KEYNOTE LECTURE
Oct 15 (Wed)
Forensic science is essentially a service provider to the courts, with a single case focus and information provided by a siloed
series of disciplines. Forensic science is also a relatively expensive service for consumers in an environment of shrinking
budgets and calls for productivity gains.
Therefore, as a community we need to position ourselves so that we are offering greater value for money. We need to give
thought to where the forensic sciences are positioned if we view them from the perspective of a traditional market product
life cycle and identify the risks and barriers to service efficiency. Forensic science can effectively operate in three streams: the
intelligence stream, a multi-case approach aimed at crime disruption and crime prevention, the investigative stream where early
results can assist in focusing an investigation, and the court stream, a single case approach with products of evidence of fact and
opinion evidence.
For a number of reasons, the court stream is currently the default stream. It could be argued that, to realise its full potential and
ultimately provide more value to society, forensic science needs to position itself so that it is providing a multi stream, efficient
service on a regular basis.
202
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KL 02
THE BRIDGE TO THE PATH FORWARD
Peter Neufeld
INNOCENCE PROJECT, USA
203
IAFS KEYNOTE LECTURE
Oct 15 (Wed)
The 2009 publication of the National Academy of Sciences report, Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States: A
Path Forward, was a turning point for the criminal justice system and forensic science in the United States. Forensic science
had long been treated as the jurisdiction of the legal/criminal justice community, developing within law enforcement and
largely removed from the scientific support of the academic research community. It has become clear that the practice of
forensic science cannot be cloistered exclusively in either community. Rather, the two worlds must be actively engaged and
integrated. This integration raises a tension as science and law use their spheres of influence to define and utilize forensic
science differently. The need to build a bridge between science and law was evident in the discord between the two forces that
surfaced in the efforts to develop legislation to address the recommendations of the National Academies report, the creation of
a National Commission on Forensic Science (NCFS), the creation of the Organization of Scientific Area Committees (OSAC)
at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), and the review of thousands of microscopic hair comparison
cases at the Federal Bureau of Investigation. These advancements illustrate the reality that science and law must not only be
complimentary, but their intersection must be understood in a way that leverages the best from both communities. In the United
States, unvalidated and improper forensic science contributed to approximately half of the 316 DNA exonerations to date.
However, the principles of science are global and uniform. Any effort to improve the forensic scientific infrastructure benefits
all countries as we strive towards the universal goal of making the investigation and adjudication of criminal cases more
accurate and more just.
WFF2014
KL 03
THE PROSPECTIVE FUTURE OF FORENSIC SCIENCE
Pierre Margot
School of forensic science, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
IAFS KEYNOTE LECTURE
Oct 15 (Wed)
Forensic science has had a chequered existence throughout the 20th Century following various models from a police
identification science to a business test provider laboratory in recent years. It has also moved from an administrative registrar
of habitual criminals to an evaluative science for courts, sometimes hostage of sides to a dispute, sometimes as a Court advisor.
This has lead to an identity crisis that many forensic scientists fail to recognise. Science is the foundation of forensic science but
is the basis of many different professions leading to different applications. The identification of the different professions does
help understand the place forensic science may take in society from criminal policy to social health and in an administrative,
investigative or evaluative role. A humanist and holistic approach is more necessary than ever in a time of control, standards
and accreditation.
We are at a time when decisions may help build tomorrow’s forensic science and outline the different professions it entails.
204
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KL 04
DOUGLAS M. LUCAS MEDAL AWARD LECTURE - FORENSIC SCIENCES AND HUMAN RIGHTS
Duarte Nuno Vieira
University of Coimbra, Portugal
205
IAFS KEYNOTE LECTURE
Oct 15 (Wed)
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted in 1948 by the UN General Assembly, was one of the most important
civilizational steps in human history. It proclaims the basic rights and freedoms that are deemed inalienable and essential
foundations for human mankind.
Subsequent international, regional and national conventions and declarations have outlined in more detail basic civil, political,
economic, cultural, and social rights of individuals and of special groups, such as children, women, elder, or the imprisoned.
Every human being enjoys fundamental human rights without any discrimination, rights that transcend national boundaries,
political systems, ideologies and cultures, and hold no regard for race, language, religion, or other belief.
Unfortunately, in many countries of the world human rights have been, and continue to be, violated. While violations of human
rights wherever they occur, should be a concern of all peoples, forensic experts can play a very special role in their defense.
Using their technical and analytic skills, they can provide proper investigation, analysis and documentation of human rights
violations and give a very significant contribution in detection, reporting and prevention of these kind of events, as well as in
assuring that those responsible will be held accountable for their action. Situations like torture, gender based violence, domestic
violence, child abuse, elderly abuse, human trafficking, sexual abuses and exploitation, war crimes, mass disasters, disposal
of dead, identification of living and dead, are just some examples, amongst many others, of human rights violations in which
forensic sciences can play an essential role as a fundamental tool of justice. The author presents some examples of what is today
known as humanitarian forensic sciences.
WFF2014
KL 05
IAFS ADELAIDE MEDAL AWARD-SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY MOBILITY SOLUTIONS – HOW DO WE
MANAGE EFFECTIVELY IN THE INFORMATION AGE?
IAFS KEYNOTE LECTURE
Oct 15 (Wed)
Michael Raymond
The NSW Police Force, Australia
Law Enforcement personnel tell us that Forensic Science should be ‘Quicker and Cheaper’ but not at the expense of Reliability
and Accuracy!
The management of Information/Intelligence harvested from the crime scene, that is, at the point of collection, is the key. The
question is how to triage all the potential evidence in the field prior to the subsequent laboratory and courtroom processes in a
way that:
Meets all the ‘fit for purpose’ standards without compromising laboratory ‘gold standard’ analysis;
Minimises duplication;
Doesn’t compromise Work, Health & Safety and ‘Duty of Care’ obligations;
Can provide a range of biometrics for fast and remote matching against relevant intelligence databases;
Provides sufficiently quick but reliable results to feed into and influence the early stages of an investigation; and
Can withstand a later robust challenge in court if required?
Mobile technology is providing both the criminal justice system and criminals with new opportunities and new challenges. This
paper seeks to help put a futuristic spotlight on some of the potential elements of the Symposium thematic, that is, the ‘New
Horizon in Forensic Sciences’.
206
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KL 06
IAFS 2005 HONG KONG FORENSIC FOUNDATION LECTURE - THE GLOBAL PRACTICE OF FORENSIC SCIENCE
Douglas H. Ubelaker
Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C. USA
Forensic science truly represents a global academic field yet relatively little is known about variation of practice in different
countries. This presentation reports on a survey of practitioners regarding their forensic work in 28 countries from around the
world. The participating 63 scientists provide a wealth of information regarding the following major themes: history, political
context, academic linkages, facility development, types of cases, structure, problematic cases, integration, recruitment/training,
funding, technology, disaster preparedness, legal issues, research and future directions. Although many common concerns and
patterns were revealed, the project also identified areas of variation that reflect the unique histories and local factors involved.
A surprise finding was the powerful role of problematic cases as stimuli for progress. Results summarized in this address
subsequently will be reported in a forthcoming book to be published by Wiley/Blackwell to inaugurate a new AAFS sponsored
book series “Forensic Science in Focus”.
IAFS KEYNOTE LECTURE
Oct 15 (Wed)
207
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KL 07
IAFS 2011 MADEIRA AWARD LECTURE - THE APPLICATION OF FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY TO HUMAN
RIGHT INVESTIGATIONS, NEW DIRECTIONS
Luis Fondebrider
Argentine Forensic Anthropology Team (EAAF), Argentina
IAFS KEYNOTE LECTURE
Oct 15 (Wed)
For the last 30 years, more than 40 countries from Latin America, Africa, Eastern Europe and Asia Pacific, had decided to
investigate a past of political, ethnic and/or religious violence. The need to find the remains of people disappeared during the
violence, to exhume them from graves and to identify the bodies, it became a key element for national and international courts,
truth commissions and UN commissions of inquiry.
In that context, different scientific disciplines played am important role, as forensic archaeology and anthropology. Along
this 30 years, those specialities had to adapat heir traditional role to another one more complex, with cultural and religious
challenges for the investigators. This presentation will explore how this investigation had developed during the last years, with
an special emphasis in identification processes.
208
IAFS
SPECIAL SESSION
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SPECIAL SESSION 01
FORENSIC PATHOLOGY (PT)
SS 01-1
DEATH INVESTIGATION IN MARYLAND. AN OVERVIEW OF A MODERN UNITED STATES MEDICOLEGAL
SYSTEM FROM CONCEPTION TO PRESENT TIME.
David Fowler
Department of Health State of Maryland, Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, Baltimore, United States
211
IAFS SPECIAL SESSION
Oct 15 (Wed)
The office of the Chief Medical Examiner is the agency responsible for all death investigations in the state of Maryland that
meet certain requirements as defined by law. This presentation will cover a brief history of death investigation in the US and
the difference between the US coroner and medical examiner systems using Maryland as an example.
This agency was the first statewide Medical Examiner system in the US. It currently serves a population of 6 million citizens
in 23 counties and the city of Baltimore. This is a mixed urban and rural population with a diverse infrastructure involving
all aspects of modern economics from agriculture, industry, education, advanced health care, and technology research and
development.
This challenges the 80 full-time and 120 part-time staff at OCME with a wide range of death circumstances. The office
investigates more than 10,000 deaths a year and performs more than 4,000 autopsies.
The presentation will cover the OCME death investigation system as well as the modern 11 000m2 facility with 22 autopsy
stations split between BSL2 and BSL3 autopsy rooms, laboratories, radiology facility, teaching facilities and other support
functions.
The OCME recognizes a primary responsibility to the public’s health in Maryland. To support this and other data management
requirement, the OCME has developed a custom in-house data system that functions at many levels. It provides classic case
management capacity, but also has enhanced workflow capacity. To assist the many partners in public health, law enforcement,
research, and the general public, there are many automated data dissemination tools to insure the rapid delivery of pertinent data
to the appropriate authority.
These data are disseminated automatically to law enforcement, transplant resource organizations, and local and state public
health departments in real time. As events occur and deaths are reported, the system will automatically identify certain cases
that may be of interest to officials in different departments. Detailed emails are sent out to many agencies on a case-specific
basis. These are then subsequently followed by collated data at regular intervals. This allows officials to react to developing
situations and to also do long-term evaluations of disease processes and injuries.
The OCME has developed a significant reputation for training and education from law enforcement to medical practitioners.
One of the law enforcement training programs has been in effect since the 1950s catering to homicide detectives. OCME has
a forensic pathology fellowship program and also serves five local medical schools for general pathology residency. There is
a constant stream of overseas visiting scholars, many of whom spend up to one year studying and doing research at OCME. A
new training program in Forensic Medicine has been developed which is a dual master program in partnership with the China
University of Political science and Law from Beijing China. The first class will start in 2016.
This presentation will include a brief overview of each of the above areas.
WFF2014
SS 01-2
FORENSIC RADIOLOGY OR VIRTOPSY – GOING TO NEW HORIZONS IN FORENSICS
Michael Thali
Forensics, University Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
IAFS SPECIAL SESSION
Oct 15 (Wed)
Virtopsy began at the turn of the millennium as multi-disciplinary applied research project to implement imaging modalities
from diagnostic radiology and surveying technology in forensic sciences. Since then, the Virtopsy approach has become a
standard procedure in forensic investigations. Today, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, optical 3D surface
scanning, and 3D photogrammetry are routinely used to detect and document forensic evidence in a minimally-invasive and
observer-independent manner in both the living and the deceased.
Virtopsy can enhance traditional autopsy or even replace it in selected cases. One of the main benefits of imaging lies in
the observer-independent documentation of forensically relevant findings. In addition, digital imaging data can be stored
permanently and may be re-examined at any time if a second opinion is required.
In living patients, Virtopsy permits the documentation of patterned injuries such as bite marks, bruises, lacerations, and
abrasions. Documentation is made in three dimensions, true to scale, and enables comparison of injuries to potential injury
causing instruments.
Virtopsy provides in the court excellent tools for crime and accident reconstruction, including 3D depictions of internal
injuries, 3D true color representations of surface injuries and even 3D scaled models of entire crime scenes and events. The
Virtopsy approach reproduces critical forensic evidence in an unbiased and comprehensible fashion, suitable for presentation
as evidence to laypersons and legal professionals.
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SS 01-3
AUTOPSY BIOSAFETY AND THE DESIGN OF A BIOSAFETY LEVEL-3 MEDICAL EXAMINER AUTOPSY FACILITY
Kurt Nolte
Departments of Pathology and Radiology, Office of the Medical Investigator, University of New Mexico School of Medicine,
Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
213
IAFS SPECIAL SESSION
Oct 15 (Wed)
Biosafety refers to the safe handling of infectious microorganisms and potentially hazardous biological materials. Biosafety
is based the principles of containment and risk assessment. Containment refers to the safe methods used to manage infectious
materials in a laboratory environment. The purpose of containment is to protect laboratory workers, other persons outside the
laboratory, and the external environment from exposure to potentially hazardous agents. Containment is created through facility
design, safety equipment, and laboratory policies and practices.
Risk assessment is the process of selecting appropriate microbiological practices, safety equipment, and facility design
characteristics that can prevent laboratory-associated infections. Risk assessment is based on the hazardous characteristics
of agents (e.g., capability to infect and cause disease, virulence, and the availability of effective treatments), the hazardous
characteristics of laboratory procedures (e.g. generation of infectious aerosols), and the potential hazards associated with work
practices, safety equipment and facility safeguards (e.g., training and functioning of biosafety cabinets).
Some of the decedents evaluated by forensic pathologists have died from infectious diseases of public health concern (e.g.,
influenza, tuberculosis and plague). Unfortunately, forensic pathologists often don’t know which cases have infectious
diseases and, if they suspect an infection based on antemortem symptoms and clinical presentation, they usually don’t know the
specific organism.
It is clear that autopsy poses risks to prosectors within the laboratory and to other individuals outside the immediate autopsy
laboratory environment. Studies of British clinical laboratories have demonstrated that the highest rates of laboratory acquired
infections occur in autopsy prosectors. Autopsy-transmitted infections can potentially occur through percutaneous inoculation
and inhalation of infectious droplets and aerosols.
Using the process developed by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and National Institutes of Health, one
can conduct a risk assessment for workers performing medicolegal autopsies. Forensic autopsy prosectors are potentially
and unpredictably exposed to a variety of infectious organisms including hepatitis B and C viruses, HIV and M. tuberculosis.
Hazardous autopsy laboratory procedures include the use of sharp objects (needles and scalpels), dissecting and encountering
unexpected sharp objects (broken bone and glass, deformed projectiles), and the genesis of aerosols from dissection, aspiration
of fluid, washing tissues with water, and dividing tissues with an oscillating saw. The combination of exposure to both blood
borne and airborne pathogens from procedures that can cause cutaneous inoculation and inhalation of aerosols indicates that
human autopsies should be performed at Biosafety Level-3.
After conducting a risk assessment, the New Mexico Office of the Medical Investigator participated in the design and
construction of a completely Biosafety Level-3 medical examiner autopsy facility with 16 work stations. Containment was
achieved through a concentric ring design and access control at interface zones. Personnel were designated to work inside or
outside the Biosafety Level-3 laboratory but could only transition to other laboratory zones through the controlled interfaces.
WFF2014
SPECIAL SESSION 02
FORENSIC GENETICS & BIOLOGY (GB)
SS 02-1
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS IN FORENSIC DNA
IAFS SPECIAL SESSION
Oct 15 (Wed)
John M. Butler
Office of Special Programs, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States
Standards aid consistency and quality when measurements are made and forensic evidence is interpreted. Documentary
standards are used to help define written procedures used to perform testing. Physical standards serve as reference materials for
calibration and traceability purposes when performing testing. This presentation reviews documentary standards that are used
in the United States and in other countries around the world for auditing forensic DNA laboratory processes, such as ISO 17025
and the FBI Quality Assurance Standards. Physical standards, such as certified reference materials developed by the National
Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), will also be discussed.
Standards enable reliable data comparison. Standard data formats and common markers or testing regions are crucial for
effective data sharing. Core DNA markers provide a common framework and currency for constructing DNA databases with
compatible data. In April 1995, the United Kingdom began their national DNA database with six core short tandem repeat
(STR) loci: TH01, vWA, FGA, D8S1179, D18S51, and D21S11. The United States selected 13 core STRs in 1997 prior to
launching their National DNA Index System (NDIS) in October 1998. The European Standard Set (ESS) of seven core loci was
established in 1999 on the six initial UK markers with the addition of the STR locus D3S1358. As DNA databases have grown
in size, the risk of adventitious matches can only be avoided by adding additional markers to DNA profiles in the database.
Hence in 2011 the ESS was expanded from 7 to 12 required loci and in the near future the United States will extend its core loci
requirements from 13 to 20. To meet these needs, commercial STR kits have been developed that can examine more than 20
STRs simultaneously. With the European and U.S. core loci expansion efforts, the international forensic DNA community now
has more DNA markers in common with improved capabilities for data comparison and sharing. More information on these
STR loci is available on the NIST STRBase website: http://www.cstl.nist.gov/strbase.
Standards efforts lead to improved working methods. For most of the past three decades, the Scientific Working Group
on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM) and its predecessor TWGDAM have produced helpful guidelines on training,
validation, missing persons casework, and interpretation of autosomal short tandem repeats (STRs), mitochondrial DNA, and
Y-chromosome STRs (see http://www.swgdam.org). The European Network of Forensic Science Institutes (ENFSI) DNA
working group has also provided guidance on training, validation, and DNA contamination prevention (see http://www.enfsi.
eu). An annual DNA database management review with many useful recommendations is published each year by the ENFSI
DNA working group. Concerns with potential DNA contamination of consumables used in DNA testing processes has led
to development of quality standards in Australia and the UK. An international standard is under development (ISO 18385
“Minimizing the risk of DNA contamination in products used to collect and analyze biological material for forensic purposes”).
This work is building on recommendations initially published by ENFSI, SWGDAM, and the Australian Biology Specialist
Advisory Group (BSAG) in 2010 in Forensic Science International: Genetics. In the area of evidence preservation, a Technical
Working Group on Biological Evidence Preservation organized by NIST published in April 2013 a handbook on the topic
with best practices for evidence handlers. Earlier this year, the U.S. Department of Justice and NIST established the National
Commission on Forensic Science (NCFS) and the Organization of Scientific Area Committees (OSAC) in an effort to help
strengthen all forensic science disciplines with quality policies and practices.
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SS 02-2
DNA ANALYSIS BY LAB-ON-A-CHIP TECHNOLOGY
James P. Landers
Depts. of Chemistry, Mechanical Engineering, and Pathology, and the Emily Couric Cancer Center, University of Virginia, USA
Microfluidic flow, the core of Lab-on-a-Chip technologies, has exploded since 2002 when valving functionality allowed
multiple chemically-distinct processes to be executed and controlled on the same device. In 2006, we showed the first true
evidence that microfluidic technology could provide a Lab-on-a-Chip solution for sample-to-result real-world analysis
involving integrated chemistries for microscale chromatography, DNA amplification and fluorescence detection. This was
shown functional for sub-30 min detection of both Bacillus anthracis in infected mice could and Bordetella pertussis from a
human nasal swab. This technology has been funneled into, and honed for, application to short tandem repeat (STR) profiling
for forensic human identification (hID) where 18 genetic loci are probed. This aligned well with the need for ‘Rapid DNA
Systems’ for hID, where a sample-to-result STR profile was sought from a buccal swab in ~1 hr. The specific aspects of
this technology will be discussed in a framework pertinent to hID and molecular diagnostics. In addition to highlighting the
advantages and limitations of the current Rapid DNA technology, next generation systems will discussed for genomic typing on
a simplistic platform that could be extended to Point-of-X-Testing applications, where X covers the spectrum from Care, Crime
and Interdiction, to Shipping and Immigration.
IAFS SPECIAL SESSION
Oct 15 (Wed)
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SS 02-3
APPLICATIONS OF MICROARRAY AND NGS TECHNOLOGIES TO MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION
IAFS SPECIAL SESSION
Oct 15 (Wed)
Seung Yong Hwang1, Won Sun Lee2 , Ji-Hoon Kim2 , Seri Lim2 , Jong Pil Youn2 , Jung Youn Park3 , Myunsoo Han4
1
Molecular and Life Science, Hanyang University, Ansan, Korea (South); 2GenoLifeCare, GenoCheck Co. Ltd., Seoul, Korea (South);
3
Biotechnology Research Division, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Busan, Korea (South); 4Forensic DNA
Division, National Forensic Service, Wonju, Korea (South)
Personal identifications and classification of species are important for forensic and conservation science, respectively. Also,
species identification in food processing can be useful tools for traceability. Recently, new molecular methods are being
used to improve accuracy of identification. In this presentation, I would like to introduce applications of DNA microarray
and next generation sequencing (NGS) techniques for molecular identification. DNA microarray for genotyping has become
attractive for molecular identification due to their simple, fast, and cost-effective way to discriminate large numbers of samples
simultaneously. We have developed several different DNA microarrays that distinguish species: animals and fishes. DNA
sequence variations of COI gene were utilized for designing species-specific oligonucleotide probes. The whole process
of molecular identification took only about 4 hours. We have also developed a human mtDNA prescreening microarray for
forensic screening. These DNA microarray systems provide a sensitive, objective, and high-throughput method for molecular
identification. For human identification purposes, capillary electrophoresis (CE) of 13 CODIS (Combined DNA Index System)
loci are nationally and internationally recognized as the standard method. All of these STR loci have an intrinsic genotype,
specific to an individual, which repeats itself. This repeating unit has many variables involved in causing the genetic locus
to mutate. As a result, to have more accurate detection of genetic mutations or a more accurate calculation of the number of
repeats in an allele, it is key to analyze the sequence of a locus in an allele. To overcome these problems, we have employed
NGS technology on the STR genetic loci. I will describe a faster and more accurate personal identification analysis using NGS
method, showing the difference between the CE method and the allelic genes. In conclusion, these new molecular techniques
can be used as alternative and powerful methods for molecular identification.
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WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
SPECIAL SESSION 03
TRACE EVIDENCE / FORENSIC CHEMISTRY (TEC)
SS 03-1
FROM BASIC RESEARCH TO ROUTINE USE IN THE COURTROOM: ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS AND
COMPARISONS OF MATERIALS WITH LASER ABLATION INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA MASS
SPECTROMETRY
Jose Almirall
Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, United States
217
IAFS SPECIAL SESSION
Oct 15 (Wed)
The chemical analysis and comparison of a number of solid matrices of interest to forensic scientists is made possible by the
progression from fundamental research and method development, validation in several forensic laboratories and the publication
of international standards. The story of high-sensitivity elemental analysis of materials including glass, paint, soils, precious
metals, diamonds, paper and ink on paper begins with the reporting of analytical techniques in the scientific literature and
continues with the adaptation and optimization of the analytical methods by forensic scientists to suit these specific matrices.
Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) has been called the “gold” standard for solidsampling and high-sensitivity elemental characterization of materials providing sub-ppm detection limits of elemental analytes
encompassing almost 70% of the periodic table. In addition, LA-ICP-MS provides true quantitative analysis data that can
be used in numerical/statistical hypothesis testing to determine “match” and also to populate databases that are useful to
determine the probability of a match for a given elemental profile. The story develops further when several forensic laboratories
collaborate on method development and optimization as reported by the European Union funded NITECRIME effort (20002005) [1] and continued by the NIJ funded Elemental Analysis Working Group (EAWG) effort (2008-2012) [2]. The next
chapters include interlaboratory trials that report high-quality performance of these methods for the analysis of glass in
forensic laboratories [3] and the publication of international (ASTM) analytical consensus standards for the examination these
materials [4]. More than 30 forensic laboratories around the world now routine employ the use of LA-ICP-MS for materials
characterization on every continent (except Antartica) and the history of elemental analysis provides a good model on how
forensic method development should progress from basic research to routine use and acceptance in the courtroom.
1. C Latkoczy, M Dücking, S Becker, D Günther, J Hoogewerff, JR Almirall, JA Buscaglia, A Dobney, R Koons, S Montero, G
van der Peyl, W Stoecklein, T Trejos, J Watling, V Zdanowicz, Evaluation of a standard method for the quantitative elemental
analysis of float glass samples by LA-ICP-MS, J. Of Forensic Sciences, 2005, 50 (6), 1327-1341.
2. T Trejos, R Koons, S Becker, T Berman, J Buscaglia, M Duecking, T Eckert-Lumsdon, T Ernst, C Hanlon, A Heydon, K
Mooney, R Nelson, K Olsson, C Palenik, E Pollock, D Rudell, S Ryland, A Tarifa, M Valadez, P Weis and JR Almirall, Crossvalidation and evaluation of the performance of methods for the elemental analysis of forensic glass by µ-XRF, ICP-MS and
LA-ICP-MS, Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 2013, DOI 10.1007/s00216-013-6978-y.
3. T Trejos, R Koons, P Weis, S Becker, T Berman, C Dalpe, M Duecking, J Buscaglia, T Eckert-Lumsdon, T Ernst, C Hanlon,
A Heydon, K Mooney, R Nelson, K Olsson, E Schenk, C Palenik, E Pollock, D Rudell, S Ryland, A Tarifa, M Valadez, A
van Es, V Zdanowicz and JR Almirall, Forensic analysis of glass by μ-XRF, SN-ICP-MS, LA-ICP-MS and LA-ICP-OES:
evaluation of the performance of different criteria for comparing elemental composition, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 2013, 28,
1270-1282. DOI: 10.1039/C3JA50128K.
4. (2013) Standard Test Method for the Determination of Trace Elements in Soda-Lime Glass Samples Using Laser Ablation
Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry for Forensic Comparisons. ASTM (in press).
WFF2014
SS 03-2
THE USE OF TRACE EVIDENCE IN ENVIRONMENTAL FORENSICS IN DETERMINATION OF SOURCE AND FATE
OF POLLUTANTS
IAFS SPECIAL SESSION
Oct 15 (Wed)
R Paul Philp
School of Geology and Geophysics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, United States
The purpose of this talk is to examine some of the basic concepts of what today is commonly called “environmental forensics”.
I believe we can trace the beginnings of the topic back to the late 1800s with the development of crime scene forensics and
the involvement, directly or indirectly of several well-known characters. While the techniques available at that time certainly
did not have the power of analytical techniques used today, the basic concepts and observations made in those early criminal
cases are still directly applicable to cases today. However it was really until the 1970s that environmental forensics as we
know it today was really born. There are many reasons for this including, but not limited to such factors as: the publication of
the Silent Spring by Rachel Carson which certainly stimulated people’s awareness of environmental issues-particularly issues
associated with DDT; roughly in parallel with this was the commercial availability of various analytical equipment such as gas
chromatographs (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS).
In addition in the US the EPA was developing procedures for monitoring specific contaminants at various sites. Procedures
which, by the way, are for the most part of very limited use in environmental forensics! Numerous regulations were developed
for concentrations permitted for certain compounds in contaminated sites which if exceeded required expensive cleanup methods. Howcver environmental forensics, whilst related has different goals. While monitoring is important, another
important issue is determining responsibility for a spill or release of a contaminant into the environment-be it in the air, soil or
water. The first examples of this application were probably in the North Sea with all the oil exploration that was underway in
the 1970s. The Norwegian Coast Guard starting using crude oil fingerprinting techniques to determine the source or point of
release for crude oils in the N. Sea. Many of these techniques were the same that had been developed a few years earlier and
were starting to be used by the oil companies in their exploration efforts.
As we move toward the present, many of the techniques being used are improved versions of the techniques being used in the
1970s, with the addition of the widespread use of stable isotopes. In addition a much wider range of compounds is now being
investigated along with a far wider range of environments. New compounds continue to emerge as contaminants of concern
along with new problems. One classic emerging problem being hydrofracking which has a number of issues related to it which
will be discussed in this talk.
In summary this talk will examine the evolution of environmental forensics and also see how many of the older concepts and
ideas are still be applied to new and evolving problems. It will also discuss some of the more recent areas where environmental
forensics can again play a role in solving or attempt to solve some of these problems.
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WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
INTRODUCTION TO NUCLEAR FORENSICS: THE CURRENT STATUS OF INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR
FORENSICS SUPPORT SYSTEMS
Hobin Yim
Korea Institute of Nuclear Nonproliferation and Control, 1418 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea (South)
1. Introduction
"Triskaidekaphobia" is a combination of Greek terms "tris, kai, and deka" meaning "13", and "phobos" meaning "fear" that
simply means "the fear or the morbid fear of the number 13" resulting in avoidance to use or relate anything to it. Whether or
not believe this superstition, it has been 13 years since the 9/11 attacks occurred. According to the Incident and Trafficking
Database (ITDB) of the IAEA, the depot of illegal trades and trafficking incidents records of NRMs, 2331 NRMs related
incidents had been reported in 1993 to 2013 shown in Fig. 1. [1] These incidents indicate that we are living in a dangerous
world. In order to resolve the risk caused by the illicit trafficking of NRMs and to manage NRMs under control, nuclear
forensics (NF) plays a very important role.
IAFS SPECIAL SESSION
Oct 15 (Wed)
Fig.1 Incidents Reported to the ITDB, 1993-2013
This study presents the current status of international NF support systems including analysis techniques and international
cooperation.
2. Current Research and Cooperation Status of International NF
2.1 The U.S.
National Institutes of U.S. DOE affiliation plays an important role in nuclear forensics activities. There are Lawrence
Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), New Brunswik Laboratory, and Sandia Laboratory, etc.
LLNL mainly conducts a chemical, isotope, morphological analyses of nuclear materials. The main focus of analyses is to
identify characteristics of the isotopes of U and Pu, particle characteristics, and fine molecular structures. Sandia Laboratory
carries out a radiochemical analysis, nuclear forensics scenario development, and a development of radiation measurement
instruments.
2.2 The IAEA
The IAEA has developed a document called “Nuclear Series No.2 - Nuclear forensics support” based on Model Action Plan,
and carried out the Coordinated Research Projects (CRP). The CRP deals with the NF technology and procedure to prevent
NRMs from illicit trafficking, identification of the seized materials, share NF related information with Member States.
2.3 The Global Initiative to Combat Nuclear Terrorism (GICNT)
The GICNT, which is co-chaired by the United States and Russia, is an international partnership of 85 nations and four
official observers dedicated to strengthening individual and collective capacity to prevent, detect, and respond to a nuclear
terrorist attack.
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WFF2014
3. Analysis Techniques for NF
3.1 Physical measurement
The first evaluation step of the physical properties of the sample is to measure the color, size, sample density, height and mass
of the test material as well as to take photographs. To make information useful, for example, the material component size and
the packaging container must be measure for sealed sources of radioactive materials prior to use.
3.2 Chemical and elemental measurements
Chemical forms of the NRMs including intermediate products of metal oxide nuclear material and manufacturing process
information of the material can be used as important “signature information” in accordance with NF purposes.
3.3 Isotopic measurements
Measurement of the isotope is carried out to determine the amount of isotopes reside in NRMs. Isotopic ratios provide
information about NRMs’ intended use and production history of the sample.
IAFS SPECIAL SESSION
Oct 15 (Wed)
5. Conclusions
This study investigated the current status of research and international cooperation of NF as well as analysis technique. The
major institutes and laboratory actively research NF analysis techniques and other support system. However, many other
countries including Korea are still in early stage of developing a NF related infrastructure. For Korea, analysis techniques for
physical, chemical, and morphology characteristics of NRMs are prepared, but procedures to use them and to maintain chain
of custody need to be prepared. Additionally, reference data base and data interpretation methods are required for effective NF.
REFERENCES
[1] IAEA INCIDENT AND TRAFFICKING DATABASE (ITDB) IAEA information system on illicit trafficking and other
unauthorized activities and events involving nuclear and other radioactive materials, Incidents of nuclear and other radioactive
material out of regulatory control 2013 Fact Sheet, 2013
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SPECIAL SESSION 04
FORENSIC PATHOLOGY (PT)
SS 04-1
INTERPRETATION OF POSTMORTEM TOXICOLOGY
Carl Schmidt
Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Detroit, Michigan, United States
The foundations of the interpretation of postmortem toxicology results are, aside from the laboratory results, the autopsy
and scene findings, as well as the medical history. There is no protocol in use worldwide that dictates how to do this because
there are regional differences in resources, training of personnel and even the prevalent drugs used both for prescription and
recreational use. In many places only a basic drug screen is done, often only in urine. For confirmation that a drug is present,
quantification has to be done, preferably in a different matrix, or body fluid. Relying on drug screens ignores that the compound
assayed is often not the active metabolite, that the drug may have been cleared from the blood or ingested hours or days before
the screen, some drugs are not eliminated in the urine and that there may be cross reactivity with other unrelated compounds.
When you do have quantitation of a drug in the blood, you have to consider factors such as volume of distribution, protein
binding and what is the active compound for the drug in question. For some drugs with short half-lives, the presence of a parent
compound normally not found in testing can help establish whether it was used in proximity to the time of death.
Drug concentrations can also be affected by interactions with other drugs, and the field of pharmacogenomics can help discern
whether there are individual differences in drug metabolic pathways that can enhance these interactions as well as alter the
metabolism of a drug so that it accumulates more readily or whether its metabolism can interfere with that of other drugs. There
are also differences in drug metabolism between children and adults. The distribution in different tissue compartments is useful
for assessing the difference between acute and chronic drug use and is why routine sampling from other body fluids such as
bile and vitreous humor, as well as tissue like liver, should always be attempted. The prevalence of drugs in the community also
is useful in interpretation and helps channel resources to finding the drugs more commonly used in the sampled populations.
However, you cannot find what you don’t look for, so vigilance for newly introduced drugs in the community is vital. This is
also due to public health considerations.
New drugs can be introduced into a community of users, and cause significant mortality before it is identified. A newly
introduced drug with fatal consequences behaves very much like an infectious disease, and can require intensive intervention to
ameliorate its consequences. Postmortem toxicology is not just a forensic tool, but rather one that can have a significant impact
and reflect the well being of a community.
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Oct 15 (Wed)
The problem of postmortem redistribution is a major consideration. You cannot rely on the postmortem concentration of
a drug because it often does not reflect the antemortem concentration. For some drugs, postmortem concentrations can be
several times higher, especially when taken from a central compartment such as heart or subclavian blood. Proper sampling
technique is a major factor in toxicologic testing. The more peripheral the blood sample, i.e., iliac or femoral blood, the more
likely it is to reflect antemortem concentrations. Depending on the context of the case, finding a drug known to be associated
with an increased risk of death and concluding that it is the cause of death is the most common approach to interpretation of a
drug concentration. This is especially true in the younger drug user without any other pathologic processes present. However,
causality between a drug and the cause of death is often not so easy to establish when in the presence of disease or more
advanced age. This is why you cannot with certainty assume a drug was associated with mortality when an autopsy is not done.
WFF2014
SS 04-2
ACTIVITIES OF KOREA DVI AND PLAN FOR INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN MASS DISASTER
IAFS SPECIAL SESSION
Oct 15 (Wed)
Nak-Eun Chung, Han-Young Lee, Oung-Sik Choi, Joong-Seok Seo
Korea DVI, Central Forensic Medical Center, National Forensic Service, Wonju, Korea (South)
In South Korea, NFS (National Forensic Service) looks over the victim identification project by setting up a task force team,
Korea Disaster Victim Identification team (DVI) in the event of mass disasters. We also recruit the attending staffs from various
institutes (police agency, prosecutors office, relevant universities, NGOs, etc.) to organize the joint investigation team. Since
then, NFS has made the temporary task force team, Korea DVI including medical examiners, odontologists, DNA experts and
other specialists in various fields and has cooperated with forensic anthropologists, archaeologists, fingerprint experts based at
universities or other agencies. Korea DVI has taken charge of the affairs requested by government for human identification of
the victims in mass disaster
We had been involved in several mass fatality incidents including the Sampoong Department Store Collapse in 1995, the
Gimhae Air China Flight 129 Crash in 2002, Daegu Subway Disaster in 2003, the Southeast Asia Tsunami Disaster in 2004,
the mass exhumation associated with the Jeju 4.3 massacre (1948-1954) in 2007, the mass burial in Daehakro in 2009, the
Christ Church Earthquake Disaster in New Zealand in 2011, the Lao Airline Flight 301 Crash in 2013, the Sewol Ferry Sinking
Disaster in 2014, etc.
Our experiences have shown that the amounts of data related to mass disaster victims or mass graves are usually too large to
collect or compare, it is essential to do the identification with software that makes the process faster and more efficient, both in
the field during the process of recovery and later in the laboratory or morgue. Therefore, the Korea DVI has developed a new
software named “Mass Identification Manager (MIM)” especially focused on small and medium sized disasters in early 2013.
During the development of MIM, we developed several modules that are quite distinct from other compatible systems, such
as dental, DNA, fingerprint, anthropology, familial assistance and information management. We also designed unique coding
systems for anthropology & dental module and more efficient algorithms for DNA, dental & fingerprint matching processes.
Using data restricted to each disaster, we can make a very reasonable identification through combining various modules. The
MIM system is a portable compact system which consists of 3 notebooks, one copy of Oracle DB and 3 copies of MIM. We
believe that it could be a powerful total solution for identification purposes, hoping it would become a standard program used
by many other countries.
In order to manage victims of multiple nationalities, it is significant to build a cooperative system among DVIs from different
countries. Hence, international network as well as standard identification procedure should be established in preparation for
mass disasters. The APMLA(Asia- Pacific Medico-Legal Agency, www.apmla.net), with more than 20 member countries was
created for this purpose - conferences and trainings are held regularly, so that experienced professionals can discuss various
topics of forensic medicine and DVI fields.
The original version of MIM was released in March, 2013 and following plans are being discussed with relevant government
ministries of South Korea.
Establishment of DVI Network using a website (www.apmla.net) for about 30 member countries of APMLA.
Upgrade and development of MIM into the international version
3. International cross validation of MIM in Asia-Pacific Region
4. Workshop and exercise of MIM
1) during INPALMS 2013, in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (Oct 2013, done)
2) during Int’l Iranian Congress of Forensic Medicine, in Tehran, Iran (Feb 2014, done)
3) during IALFS 2014, in Dubai, United Arab Emirates (April 2014, done)
5. Comprehensive training in Incheon International Airport, a mock drill plane crash
: during WFF 2014 (World Forensic Festival 2014), in Seoul, Korea (18th Oct, 2014).
6. Additional development of MIM system & distribution of the s/w to the 3rd world countries.
As such, the Korea DVI would like to establish efficient international cooperative network by hosting regular simulated
training, so Asian-Pacific countries as well as all the other countries around the globe can interact with each other and develop
a working partnership in preparation for mass disasters involving multiple nationalities.
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SPECIAL SESSION 05
FORENSIC GENETICS & BIOLOGY (GB)
SS 05-1
MOVING BEYOND BUCCAL SAMPLES: EXPANDING THE UTILITY OF RAPID DNA TECHNOLOGY
Julie French1, Eugene Tan2
1
Human Identity Division, Ge Healthcare Life Sciences, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States; 2Product Development, Netbio,
Waltham, Massachusetts, United States
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Oct 15 (Wed)
The DNAscan™ Rapid DNA Analysis™ System from GE Healthcare Life Sciences and NetBio is a fully automated Rapid
DNA Analysis system with integrated data analysis and Expert System software. The DNAscan system was designed to process
single source, reference buccal swabs. Continuous development at NetBio is expected to support expanded capability of the
system, including processing of blood samples, samples containing low quantities of DNA, and the integration of an assay with
expanded loci.
Blood: A sample preparation protocol is expected to allow blood samples to be run in the fully automated DNAscan system.
Low DNA content: A new BioChipSet™ Cassette designed for samples containing low levels of input DNA will allow fully
automated processing of samples, in a cassette that is fully compatible with the original DNAscan system.
Expanded STR assay: The Promega PowerPlex™ Fusion System will be adapted to the microfluidic environment of Rapid
DNA Analysis and full, balanced profiles are obtained.
The development of fully integrated, automated processing of additional sample types and an expanded STR assay will have
a profound effect on the utility of Rapid DNA Analysis in crime laboratories, police booking stations, and other field-forward
settings.
WFF2014
SS 05-2
QUALITY ASSURANCE MEASURES FOR THE OPERATION OF A NATIONAL DNA DATABASE
Timothy Zolandz
CODIS Unit, Federal Bureau of Investigation Laboratory Division, Quantico, VA, United States
The operation of a National DNA Database requires significant quality assurance measures and management to preserve the
integrity of both the data and the results. These measures are critical in order to maintain the trust of the law enforcement
agencies that rely upon the results as well as the general public that values its privacy interests.
In the United States, the National DNA Index System (NDIS) operates using the Combined DNA Index System (CODIS)
software. There are multiple facets to the preservation of quality in NDIS that are governed by a wide variety of stakeholders.
These include Federal and State legislation, National policies as well as scientific guidance. This presentation will provide
attendees with an overview of the quality system in United States as it pertains to NDIS.
IAFS SPECIAL SESSION
Oct 15 (Wed)
In the US, Federal and State laws define the categories of individuals that are eligible for inclusion in the database. These laws
also mandate the accreditation of all laboratories that contribute profiles to NDIS. More specific to DNA, the FBI Director’s
Quality Assurance Standards place additional requirements for quality on laboratories - more specific than accreditation
- regarding the management, personnel, and procedures for forensic DNA casework and databasing. These standards are
maintained by the Scientific Working Group for DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM). Further, the NDIS Procedures Board
provides policy and scientific guidance to the FBI and all participating laboratories regarding minimum standards for DNA
profiles as well as search configurations, privacy implications and training.
This presentation will discuss each of these elements and provide a framework for how they work together to ensure the quality
of laboratories, DNA analysis, DNA profiles, and database searches. Together, these scientific and policy decisions form a
network of law makers and practitioners that collaborate to maintain an extremely valuable tool for law enforcement to not only
identify the perpetrators of crimes, but also exonerate the innocent.
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SS 05-3
POPULATION STR SEQUENCING DATA IN DANES AND SOMALIS WITH THE ION PGM™
Niels Morling, S L Fordyce, H S Mogensen, C Borsting
Section of Forensic Genetics, Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of
Copenhagen, Denmark
Second-generation sequencing (SGS), also called Next generation sequencing (NGS) using the Ion Personal Genome
Machine® (PGM™) System by Life Technologies, part of Thermo Fisher Scientific, has proven capable of sequencing some
of the key forensic genetic SNPs and STR systems. We sequenced 9 STRs and amelogenin with primers that were designed
specifically for the purpose of SGS by Life Technologies with the PGM in 197 Danes and 128 Somalis and present the results of
the population analyses. Data analysis was supported by Torrent™ Suite software and HID_STR_Genotyper. The results were
compared with those of conventional STR typing with the AmpFlSTR® NGMSelect™ PCR Amplification Kit and capillary
electrophoresis. STR sequencing significantly increased the discriminatory powers and the geometric means of the paternity
indices, especially for the complex and compound STRs, compared to the values obtained with conventional STR typing. STR
sequencing results of samples from crime case and human identification material were also successful. The combination of the
10-plex and the Ion PGM™ represents the first fully integrated SGS STR sequencing solution from PCR to data analysis.
IAFS SPECIAL SESSION
Oct 15 (Wed)
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WFF2014
SPECIAL SESSION 06
TRACE EVIDENCE / FORENSIC CHEMISTRY (TEC)
SS 06-1
FIBRE EVIDENCE AND EVALUATION OF FINDINGS THE BENEFITS OF MAPPING
Kornelia Nehse
IAFS SPECIAL SESSION
Oct 15 (Wed)
Forensic Science Institute, Landeskriminalamt Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Locard’s principle states that every contact leaves a trace. Trace material, e.g. fibres, originating form contacts between two or
more persons or persons and items and take place at the point of contact. These contact traces are always present at the scene
but not easy to detect since particles are most likely minute and not visible to the naked eye. These micro traces therefore are
often underestimated but offer challenges and chances at the same time. Extreme care must be taken not to disturb the original
location of the textile evidence while collecting fibres on the scene on the one hand side and on the other hand side to prevent
contamination.
Once all trace evidence is collected a comparative analytical process is set into motion to determine if fibres may originate from
a certain source. Since single fibres originate from textiles which most likely are not unique when produced and are part of a
batch, results just stating the analytical findings are not sufficient under most case circumstances. Nevertheless, a reliable fibre
analysis is the basis of all further information provided in a fibre case, yet there is far more to it. Highly differentiating methods
of trace recovery in combination with background information of the case circumstances often allow addressing the “Activity
Level” for interpretation and can be recognized as challenge and chance for all trace evidence.
Therefore more consideration needs to be taken regarding possible variation and individualization, complexity of findings (e.g.
multiple fibre types and/or numerous findings of one fibre component). Location and combination of primary and secondary or
even tertiary transfers need also to be considered.
The benefits of fibre mapping will be demonstrated by linking findings to the actions taking place on the scene. Mapping will
be shown as beneficial to provide the investigator with more intelligence information during investigation (e.g. to identify a
potential source) and can be used as a tool to assist with interpretation to enhance the evidential value of findings.
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SS 06-2
IDENTIFICATION AND SIGNIFICANCE OF COLORANTS IN FORENSIC CASEWORK
Christopher Palenik
Microtrace, Elgin, Il, United States
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IAFS SPECIAL SESSION
Oct 15 (Wed)
Colorants (pigments and dyes) surround us in our environment, yet beyond color comparisons and the inorganic fillers
accessible by infrared spectroscopy, forensic trace evidence analyses typically ignore colorants (inorganic, organic and
effect pigments) within evidence. This is due in large part to the small size (<1 µm) and low concentration (often <1 wt%)
of colorants in final products. Yet confocal Raman spectroscopy combined with light microscopy, high resolution scanning
electron microscopy, and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy provide a means by which colorants can be identified and used
as evidence to assist forensic casework.
This talk draws from both research and casework conducted by our laboratory and illustrates ways in which this type
of information can provide assistance to a forensic investigation. The talk will focus on three areas: 1) the systematic
identification of pigments using vibrational spectroscopy, 2) the use of high resolution light and electron microscopy to gain
morphological and elemental information from pigments both encapsulated (as in paints) and as free particles (in cosmetics and
pharmaceuticals), and 3) examples from casework and research that illustrate practical ways in which this information has been
and can be used.
Colorant Identification. Through a detailed characterization of 300 pigments, we have devised a pigment identification scheme
through which it is possible to identify pigments using Raman spectroscopy. Using this information, it is also possible to
specify the extent to which a pigment can be identified (and other pigments from which it can not be distinguished).
High Resolution Information. High resolution light microscopy (oil immersion) provides visualization of individual pigment
clusters and in some cases individual pigments (such as effect pigments) as both encapsulated pigments (e.g., paints and inks)
and free pigments (e.g., cosmetics). Once such pigments are visualized, they can be characterized in more detail and, in many
cases, identified by confocal Raman spectroscopy and high resolution scanning electron microscopy. The highly engineered
layer structure of effect pigments such as coated micas and silica micro-spheres holds great potential for improving the
evidentiary specificity of paint evidence.
In Situ Applications. Through a study of pigments in over three hundred automotive paint samples (over 1200 paint layers),
we present information about the evidentiary significance of pigment evidence in paint layers (e.g., primers, tinted clear
coats, and base coats) as well as detailed information about overall significance of pigments as evidence. For example, given
the increasing number of thin (<10 µm) paint layers appearing in automotive finish systems and the increasing use of effect
pigments, such minute particles and features will become increasingly significant.
WFF2014
SS 06-3
ANALYSIS OF PEDOLOGICAL TRACES IN FORENSIC PRACTICE
IAFS SPECIAL SESSION
Oct 15 (Wed)
Marek Kotrly1, 2
1
Institute of Criminalistics Prague, Bartolomejska 12, Praha 1, Czech Republic; 2Charles University in Prague Faculty of Science,
Praha, Czech Republic
Analysis of pedological phases that adhered to clothing, footwear, vehicles, or other objects is relatively frequently required in
forensic practice to confirm the place of origin of contamination.
These are basically two types of tasks. This entails either standard comparisons, when the questioned soil phases are compared
with collected reference samples to confirm the crime scene, vehicle route, etc. Alternatively, forecasting of an unknown
location is required where contamination by soil may have occurred. These are in both cases complex analyses, in which the
organic component of the sample is studied separately, possibly anthropogenic contamination and mineral material itself.
Basic techniques are optical light microscopy in transmitted and reflected light, polarization, fluorescence, next are utilised
SEM/EDS (WDS), XRF, FTIR, etc. For the clay fraction, but also for other phases, the X-ray diffraction is imperative with
applying conventional powder diffraction in transmission and reflected modes, scanning in a rotating capillary, and also micro
X-ray diffraction, which allows to obtain a relevant structural record from the place with diameter around 0,1mm.
Technique of cathode luminescence (CL) capable of distinguishing material based on its genesis, thus usually also according
to a different place of occurrence, were introduced to differentiate mineralogical phases of practically identical chemical
composition, optical characteristics, structure and similar inclusions. Good experience was obtained with some systems of
automatic analysis of mineral grains (based on SEM/EDS), analysing several hundreds up to thousands of mineral grains,
carrying out their automatic classification according to chemical composition and subsequently comparing samples by
statistical methods.
Biological material frequently present in the traces is analysed separately, plant and animal relicts are analyzed, including
microscopic shells and relics (e.g. group Diatoms, etc.).
Anthropogenic material (glass fragments, slag, construction materials, etc.) is analyzed separately by other techniques and may
increase the probability measure of a match (hit) between traces and reference samples.
For forecasting of unknown locations, where the contamination by soil may have occurred, systems of geographic information
(GIS) are used, in which data are connected with detailed geological maps, both uncovered and covered, and with pedological
maps. A detailed configuration of the field in a respective site is crucial for the assessment of all circumstances related to the
detected trace, likewise employing 3D terrain models with a detailed topographic base and 3D models using orthophoto maps.
The complex of methodologies is based on mineralogical and physical-chemical methods better embracing particularities of
soil composition than some applied procedures arising from purely chemical base. Nevertheless, the introduced system at the
same time is not omitting even biological and anthropogenic materials that usually represent a very important comparative
material.
Genetic methods that could compare both information from plant fragments and soil microorganisms are a big potential into
the future.
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SS 06-4
ADVANTAGES OF GC TRIPLE QUADRUPOLE ANALYSIS FOR FORENSIC APPLICATIONS
Hans-Joachim Huebschmann
Thermo Fisher Scientific, CMD, Singapore
DRUG SCREENING, MATRIX BURDON, GC-MS, MS/MS SELECTIVITY, MRM METHOD
DEVELOPMENT, QUANTITATION, CONFIRMATION
KEYWORDS
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IAFS SPECIAL SESSION
Oct 15 (Wed)
Forensic analysis today is a true multi-class and multi-residue challenge for the screening of hundreds of compounds in
one analytical run. The diverse chemical nature of drugs of abuse, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and other toxic substances
embedded in mostly complex sample matrix creates a special challenge for trace analyses with the requirements for
productivity with short and fast analysis.
General requirements in the forensic and clinical-toxicological analysis are the high sensitivity, reliability and proof for
routine applications. GC-MS detection using single quadrupole instruments becomes more and more affected by strong matrix
interference on the selected ion mass traces (SIM). Analytical strategies providing higher analyte selectivity are required in
situations where single quadrupole methods reach their limitations.
Triple quadrupole MS/MS analysis by using the selected reaction monitoring (SRM/MRM) mode provides a unique structure
related compound selectivity with a robust solution for a highly sensitive detection without matrix interference. In addition,
solid confirmation can be achieved by using specific ion ratios, the product ion spectrum, or the combination of Full Scan with
MRM.
For the GC-MS analysis the sample extracts with high matrix load pose a particular burden on all components of the
chromatographic system and mass spectrometer. To prevent the typical system downtime with significant manual workload a
modular solution was developed for the parts most affected by high sample loads, the GC injection system and MS ion source.
Another aspect of method development often overlooked, is the time and skills needed for the setup of MS&MS method or add
additional compounds to a method. Currently used SIM methods can now be automatically transferred to MS/MS methods by
using a special method bridging tool.
Examples of TSQ triple quadrupole data comprising the drug screening in saliva, and THC analysis in urine are discussed.
WFF2014
SPECIAL SESSION 07
FINGERPRINT/SCENE INVESTIGATION (FPR/SI)
SS 07-1
DIFFERING CONCLUSIONS
IAFS SPECIAL SESSION
Oct 16 (Thu)
Won Boon Park
Public Safety, King County Sheriff's Office, Seattle, United States
Fingerprint evidence has been used in both civil and criminal process to establish one’s identity either for individualization or
exclusion for over a century.
The theory of fingerprints for its uniqueness and permanence are still accepted and practiced in spite of all the challenges going
on vigorously since the NAS (national academy of science) report has come out in early 2009.
We generally provide 3 conclusions upon analysis, comparison and evaluation of fingerprints as INDIVIDUALIZATION
(IDENTIFICATION), EXCLUSION or INCONCLUSIVE decision. Inconclusive decision has become allowed when no
final conclusion could be reached, either due to the inability to locate corresponding detail after an exhaustive search or
because insufficient agreement exists. At some agencies an incomplete report is utilized when the comparison process was not
completed either due to the need for additional exemplars or a suspension of comparison work.
I would like to focus on the first 3 conclusions that can be rendered only after conducting comparisons. We know that we do
not always reach a same conclusion/determination when making decisions. Then a question arises. Is it okay scientifically to
have differing decisions? Before seeking an answer for that question, we need to define what type of differing conclusions we
are concerned with first.
The following basis has to be kept in mind when reaching a conclusion/determination after conducting comparisons. (1)
All determinations must be based on objective data, be demonstrable, and justifiable to the point of consensus. (2) All
determinations are always open to the scrutiny of others.
An erroneous conclusion is a decision that is not based on objective data, demonstrable, and/or justifiable to the point of
consensus. Erroneous conclusions are handled by type. They are an erroneous individualization, erroneous exclusions or
missed individualization.
Erroneous Individualization – An erroneous individualization is the incorrect conclusion that two friction ridge impressions
originated from the same area of friction ridge skin of an individual. It is the most serious mistake that examiners may make.
If root cause analysis finds that an erroneous individualization was made, corrective action must be determined and completed
based on the department’s policy. In case a verifier agreed with the decision, the verifier holds the same responsibility for
erroneous individualization as the examiner.
Erroneous Exclusion – It is the incorrect conclusion that two impressions did not originate from the same area of friction ridge
skin of an individual. Erroneous exclusions found during verification must be handled through conflict resolution, and repeated
erroneous exclusions may indicate the need for corrective action.
Missed Individualization – It is the failure to make a determination of individualization, following the comparison of an
impression with its source, or a known impression of the source. In some cases it can be considered and handled the same as an
erroneous exclusion.
Clerical errors are not considered as erroneous conclusions. Even though it is expected that such errors can be made easily and
occasionally by anyone, repeated errors may indicate the need for corrective action.
I would like to expand on handling differing opinions, such as individualization vs. inconclusive, inconclusive vs. exclusion,
or even prints of value vs. no value. One of the main concerns discussed in the NAS report were problems that can occur with
human interpretations, such as subjectivity and bias. Even though they are valid concerns if we use clear features or data that
can be also seen by others to support a conclusion, such objective data can diminish the possibility of misinterpretation by
humans. When conclusions can be tested by others, to ensure they hold up under intense scrutiny, more objective conclusions
can be resulted to eliminate concerns of subjectivity and bias.
In my unit we conduct additional testing when we cannot resolve differing opinions regarding the above listed conclusions
especially with an individualization vs. inconclusive. The steps include:
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Independent blind analysis – All of which would be looked at together to determine the consensus of reliable minutiae.
Comparison using the consensus detail
Discussion to reach consensus on conclusion following comparison – Each participant adds on their original documentation
that “My conclusion had inconsistency or differed to the consensus document”
Differing conclusions except an erroneous individualization are not problems, but can be handled satisfactorily with scientific
approach.
IAFS SPECIAL SESSION
Oct 16 (Thu)
231
WFF2014
SS 07-2
PALM PRINT SYSTEM IN JAPAN
Tsutomu Kiryu
National Police Agency, Identification Dvi., Tokyo, Japan
IAFS SPECIAL SESSION
Oct 16 (Thu)
In criminal investigation, that palm print is worth the same as fingerprint, is that the world recognize.
20 years have been passed since Japanese Police have launched Palm Print System, and 12 years have been passed since the
operation started.
Japanese Police have been successfully improving performance of the system operation with making the best use of recording
method and matching method.
This is unique to Japanese Police, and unusual for foreign Palm Print System.
Both Palm Print System and Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS) have been playing to pursue more quickly
and more definite in various of criminal investigation.
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WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
SS 07-3
COMPARISON AND SEARCH METHODOLOGIES FOR LATENT PALM PRINTS
Aimee Qulia
Latent Print Operations Unit, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Quantico, VA, United States
The Federal Bureau of Investigation has been a leading national law enforcement agency for nearly a century. In 1924, the
Bureau officially assumed responsibility for the management of the national fingerprint collections for the United States, and
has expanded its digital and physical biometric collection to include all friction ridge recordings of the lower joints of the
fingers and palms of the hands.
Latent and known print searches in the United States may now include areas of the fingers and palms previously considered
unsuitable for digital comparisons due to the introduction of the Next Generation Identification (NGI) system. NGI expands the
search capabilities at the national, state, and local level, and is potentially compatible with the biometric capture systems of our
foreign partners.
This presentation aims to introduce those in the latent print discipline to the structure of the NGI system and to the specialized
techniques associated with the comparison and identification of palm and lower-joint impressions.
IAFS SPECIAL SESSION
Oct 16 (Thu)
233
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SPECIAL SESSION 08
FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY (AP)
SS 08-1
RECENT ADVANCES IN FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY
Douglas H. Ubelaker
Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C., USA
IAFS SPECIAL SESSION
Oct 16 (Thu)
Although many think of forensic anthropology as a single field within the forensic sciences, it actually consists of many distinct
applications, each with its own published literature and methodology. These areas include detection and recovery, species
recognition, estimation of the post-mortem interval, age at death, sex, living stature and ancestry, positive identification, and
evaluation of post-mortem alterations and the evidence of foul play. Through international research, significant advances have
been recorded in each of these areas. Much of this research has been directed not only toward new technology and methods, but
also clarifying the probabilities and related error within existing techniques. These recent advances have strengthened forensic
anthropology and increased its usefulness in diverse applications within the forensic sciences.
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SS 08-2
THE ANALYSIS OF SKELETAL COMMINGLE REMAINS, A MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH
Luis Fondebrider
President, Argentine Forensic Anthropology Team (EAAF), Buenos Aires, Argentina
The analysis of cases involving skeletal commingle remains, present a major challange to the forensic specialist, in particular
when the commingle involves several individuals. The level of fragmentation, the condition of the remains, the recovery
process and the number of individuals are some of the most critical aspects to consider. This paper, will describe a methodology
that involves the use of different scientific disciplines, as forensic antropology, forensic archaeology, foresic pathology and
forensic genetics. Also it will raise legal, scientific, psichological and humnatitarian challenges that prensent the analysis of this
cases, with special enphasys on the identificaction of the individuals.
IAFS SPECIAL SESSION
Oct 16 (Thu)
235
WFF2014
SPECIAL SESSION 09
IOFOS SESSION - FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY (OD)
SS 09-1
DENTAL IDENTIFICATION OF HUMAN REMAINS FROM MASS GRAVES
Hrvoje Brkic
Department of Dental Anthropology, Chair of Forensic Dentistry, University of Zagreb, School of Dental Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
IAFS SPECIAL SESSION
Oct 16 (Thu)
Mass disasters can, according to a list of missing persons, be divided as open and closed. Most frequent causes of mass disasters
today are traffic accidents, natural disasters, terrorist attacks and wars. Each of them has a great number of human casualties
that need to be discovered and identified. During war activities numerous persons are killed, but according to the literature, the
number of civil casualties is on the rise. Victims are buried in mass graves in order to hide them and disable identification. Teeth
and osseous remains are permanent traces of identity, even many years after the burial in the ground. Based on the experience
during exhumation of war vicitims in Croatia, the results have shown that the identitiy of exhumed victims is obtained after
certain forensic procedures even if there is scarce antemortal data. Most frequently used procedures are anthropological
parameters, dentition analysis, tattoos, jewelry, bone fractures, recognition of clothes and shoes, and DNA analysis. Dental
analysis was performed on each exhumed body, and dental identification was possible in only 30% of the cases due to scarce
premortal data (dental charts, radiographs, plaster models, photographs). In exhumation cases of war victims teeth were used
for identification, dental profile creation (age, sex) and as the best organ for mtDNA isolation.
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SS 09-2
DENTAL AGE ESTIMATION STUDIES SYSTEMATICALLY REVIEWED
Patrick Thevissen, Guy Willems
Forensic Dentistry, Department Oral Health Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KULeuven), Leuven, Belgium
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IAFS SPECIAL SESSION
Oct 16 (Thu)
The current systematic review protocol will include studies presented to the scientific community by publication in a peerreviewed journal, a book or in a doctoral thesis. All included studies should be written in English. They should describe the
development, the evaluation or the comparison of dental age estimation methods, or they should report relations between dental
variables and chronological age by means of tables or a atlases.
Two reviewers will screen, independently, in a first stage the titles and abstracts of all collected records and select papers for
inclusion. In a second stage full text of the studies selected in stage one will be screened and a lists of detected inclusion and
exclusion criteria will be composed. Disagreements between reviewers will be resolved by mutual discussion.
The quality of each included study will be assessed, independently by two reviewers, using the Quadas tool
An initial search of Pubmed will be undertaken followed by an analysis of the text words in the title, abstract and the index
terms used to describe the articles. Next a search term will be established and used across the considered digital archives.
Out of each included study following characteristics related to the used dental age estimation method, together with related
specific criteria will be extracted:.the sample size, the considered teeth, the used dental variables, the dental variable outcomes
and the study outcomes.
The extracted data will enable to classify the included studies according to the different procedures used to develop specific
dental age estimation methods. Teeth are assessed for age estimation because their changes in development, morphology,
and biochemical structure can be related to the chronological age of an individual. Divers dental age predictors can be
registered in a tooth conserving or tooth destructive way. The sampled data are statistically approached and analyzed to
develop specific age estimation methods. Supplementary information related to the gender, ethnical or geographical origin,
medical history, particular living condition of the sampled individuals influences with variable weight the applied dental age
estimation methodology. The different dental age estimation methods can be divided in specific groups. Firstly methods based
on developing teeth can be divided on the one hand in methods based on growth of all teeth except third molars and on the
other hand methods based on third molars maturation. Secondly methods based on mature teeth, contain a group of methods
analyzing intact teeth and methods destructing teeth for age estimation examinations. Thirdly age can be predicted based on
biochemical properties of the teeth. In each of previous groups age is predicted following a particular method.
The current protocol aims to describe step by step the procedures to perform a systematic review of dental age estimation
method studies, in an attempt to classify the studies in defined groups and enabling to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the
included dental age estimation methods within the established groups and possibly between these groups.
WFF2014
SS 09-3
DISASTER VICTIM IDENTIFICATION
THE DUBAI DISASTER 1972 AND LATER DEVELOPMENT OF DVI.
Tore Solheim
Institute of Oral Biology, Dental Faculty, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
IAFS SPECIAL SESSION
Oct 16 (Thu)
This was my first disaster as a forensic odontologist. A charterplane from Colombo to Copenhagen crashed in a mountainous
area before landing in the Dubai Airport. 112 Scandinavian turists and crew died. As 14 persons from Norway died I was sent
together with a policeman to Dubai to help the Danish and Swedish police with the identifications. Although not all victims
were identified, we succeded to identify all Norwegians. This was the start of the Scandinavian cooperation in DVI and
identification in general. Later yearly meeting has been hold in Scandinavian countries. We also from 1980 played a quey role
in the work of Interpol on DVI. The construction of forms, guide for DVI work, recommendations for international cooperation
and the construction of a computerprogram for DVI, the DVI System international. More system has been introduced to the
work, thus the change of identification of victims has become better. However, the keen interest of the ID personnel may be as
important as a good system.
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SPECIAL SESSION 10
FINGERPRINT/SCENE INVESTIGATION (FPR/SI)
SS 10-1
APPLYING THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD TO FORENSIC EXAMINATION
Brian Yamashita
Integrated Forensic Identification Services, Royal Canadian Mounted Police, Ottawa, Canada
Through the application of the scientific method, forensic examiners must analyse a crime scene to determine where best to
look for evidence, and to think about what might have transpired. At times, experimentation must be utilized, which may allow
the analyst to accept or eliminate the possibility that a particular event might have occurred. Laundry detergent commercials
demonstrate in 30 seconds how to conduct controlled experiments, keeping all variables equal except the detergent, all to
answer the question, “Which sock is whiter?” In contrast to the simple television demonstration, crime scenes are often
complex, and present the investigator with several questions to be answered. If experimentation has to be carried out to test
various theories, the investigator will have to identify and control variables in order to properly answer the question presented
by the crime scene – and may well recall that detergent commercial.
IAFS SPECIAL SESSION
Oct 16 (Thu)
239
WFF2014
SS 10-2
THE THEORETICAL BASIS OF BLOODSTAIN PATTERN ANALYSIS
Ross Gardner
Vice President, Bevel, Gardner, and Associates, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
IAFS SPECIAL SESSION
Oct 16 (Thu)
Bloodstain Pattern Analysis (BPA) is a forensic discipline that has significant value in determining what occurred during many
violent criminal events. BPA is a long established discipline, predating even the forensic use of fingerprints, with a documented
history spanning nearly 150 years. This history defines the purpose and rationale behind the BPA analyst’s efforts, which in turn
has led to the development of basic methodologies for the discipline. Despite this history, analysts are not always clear on these
ideas.
For a number of years, lack of clarity on the scientific basis of Bloodstain Pattern Analysis and the supporting methodology it
demands has occasionally led to highly subjective analysis. This of course leads to conclusions that are not based on the science
itself.
This presentation will outline the primary theory behind BPA and the three supporting sub-principles, which include the Pattern
Diversity, Stain Shape and Vector Correlation and the Physically Altered Bloodstain.
Understanding the theory and principles ensures that the BPA analyst remains within the limitations of the discipline and is
better able to articulate to the court the rationale behind their efforts and their conclusions.
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SS 10-3
CRIME SCENE RECONSTRUCTION
Henry Lee1, 2, 3
1
Distinguished Chair Professor, University of New Haven, West Haven, United States; 2Commissioner (Ret.), Connecticut State Police
& Public Safety, Connecticut, United States; 3Director, Forensic Research & Training Center, West Haven, United States
Contemporary law enforcement has greatly expanded its ability to solve crimes by the adoption of new Surveillance techniques
and Forensic procedures. Today’s crimes are most often solved by analysis of image recordings, digital evidence and forensic
evidence. The work of forensic scientists is not only crucial in criminal investigation, but also vital for civil litigation, major
man made or nature disasters and the investigation of global crime. However, the success of analysis of forensic evidence is
based on a system that focuses on teamwork, advanced investigative skills, and the ability to process a crime scene properly,
recognizing, collecting and preserving all relevant physical evidence and information.
If the potential physical evidence was not recognized, or collected, or properly preserved, the forensic value of this piece
evidence is lost. Despite available current crime scene technologies, specialized equipment and personnel, the integrity of
forensic services system and the effectiveness utilization of physical evidence in crime solving are only as good as the integrity
of the crime scene investigator and the objective legal system that supports those functions. Routine and high profile cases will
be used to demonstrate the methods and techniques in crime scene reconstruction.
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Oct 16 (Thu)
Crime scene investigation is much more than just processing or documentation of crime scenes, nor is it just the collection or
packaging of the physical evidence. It is the first step and the most crucial step of any forensic investigation. The foundation of
all forensic investigations is based on the ability of the crime scene investigator or forensic scientist to recognize the potential
physical evidence, large or small, visible or latent, exculpatory or inculpatory, at the crime scene. The subsequent identification
of the physical evidence along with determination of the possible source or origin of the evidence, that is, its individualization,
are the next steps in the forensic investigation process. Proper crime scene investigation is the starting point for the process
of establishing what has happened, when and where happed, who is involved and why and how it occurred. of course, careful
processing, documentation, and collection of physical evidence are integral parts of the ‘investigation process’ and crime scene
reconstruction.
WFF2014
SS 10-4
FBI EVIDENCE RESPONSE TEAM APPROACH TO CRIME SCENE MANAGEMENT
Michael Grabber
Evidence Response Team Unit, FBI, United States
Objective:
After attending this workshop, attendees will 1) have a full understanding of the FBI’s Evidence Response Team Concept,
2) the roles and responsibilities of each team member, 3) the specialized skills and assets utilized by FBI Evidence Response
Teams, and 4) the command structure utilized to mitigate large scenes and/or major cases.
IAFS SPECIAL SESSION
Oct 16 (Thu)
Program Description:
The mission of the FBI’s Evidence Response Teams is to collect evidence supporting FBI priority investigations in a
professional, competent, and systematic manner. This is accomplished by providing the team members nationally standardized
training, equipment, and ready access to specialized forensic expertise. This gives the FBI highly specialized forensics teams
that maintain a full operational readiness capability to respond to any type of incident worldwide. Attendees will learn how
these teams were formed, the training process they undergo, and how their skills are called to service. Attendees will also learn
about the roles and responsibilities of each team member as well as the Incident Command Structure utilized by the on scene
command staff to ensure each scene is safely and accurately documented and all necessary data is collected. Case examples
discussed will vary in size and will vary across the jurisdictional priorities of the FBI.
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SPECIAL SESSION 11
FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY (AP)
SS 11-1
THE ROLE OF FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY IN INTERNATIONAL FORENSIC HUMAN RIGHTS
INVESTIGATIONS
Dawnie Steadman
Anthropology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, United States
Forensic anthropology has played a pivotal role in the investigation of atrocities committed during armed conflicts since
1984. The Argentine Forensic Anthropology Team led by Dr. Clyde Snow initiated the scientific recovery and identification
of victims forcibly disappeared by the Argentine government during the Dirty War. Their ability to provide physical evidence
of torture, execution and disappearance has revolutionized how atrocities are now investigated. The purpose of this paper
is to demonstrate the role forensic anthropologists play in human rights investigations, including historical research, family
interviews, forensic excavations and identifications, and repatriation of remains to families. The role of the anthropologist
in international criminal courts is also discussed. Finally, the paper will provide an overview of the obstacles encountered in
forensic investigations, including perpetrator opposition, government obstruction, and why families may oppose excavations.
Specific examples of forensic investigations from Spain and other countries will be presented.
IAFS SPECIAL SESSION
Oct 16 (Thu)
243
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SS 11-2
MICROANALYSIS OF INVASIVE TRAUMAS: AN INTEGRATED MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH INTO
MANNER OF DEATH
IAFS SPECIAL SESSION
Oct 16 (Thu)
Peter Zoon1, Reza Gerretsen2 , Steven Chang1, Ies Keereweer1, Rene Pieterman1, Mayonne Van Wijk2 , Erwin Vermeij1
1
Microtraces, Netherlands Forensic Institute, Hague, Netherlands; 2Medical Forensic Examinations, Netherlands Forensic Institute,
The Hague, Netherlands
Examination of morphology does not always yield enough information to assess the cause of inflicted trauma: circular wounds
with internal or external beveling can mean that the injury is the result of a gunshot, such features can however also be caused
by objects like an ice pick. Especially when it is difficult to pair entrance and exit wounds one has to be careful. On the other
hand massive wounds resulting from tangential gunshots can easily be misinterpreted as blunt force trauma.
At the Netherlands Forensic Institute investigations into deaths resulting from blunt or sharp force traumas are performed by
a multi-disciplinary team. This team consists of forensic pathologists, forensic medical anthropologists, toolmark examiners
and microtrace experts, who work together to determine the manner in which the (lethal) injuries were inflicted. The combined
interpretation of results obtained from medical examiners and physical forensic scientists allows for sound statements to be
made about the weapon or object that caused the injuries.
During the forensic autopsy the forensic pathologist describes all injuries and determines the cause(s) of death. This includes
measuring lesions and probing the lengths of possible stab or gunshot injuries. Injuries extending into the bone are excised for
further examination. Injuries to the skull will be studied using diaphanoscopy (transillumination).
The first step in a typical research route is cleaning of the excised material by the forensic medical anthropologist. This step is
particularly essential for microtrace analysis, as one of the main risks in the search for small, yet probably significant features
is to fail to recognize or miss them. Remnants of soft tissue, blood, grease and other material have to be removed carefully, to
prevent removal or damage of present, but otherwise obscured trace material.
After the material has been cleaned, it may require some downsizing before it can be analyzed for microtraces. A microtrace
expert and a forensic medical anthropologist will decide on the best method to trim the bone. Typically, it will be cut into pieces
that are no larger than 10 x 10 cm. Microtrace experts will then use SEM/EDX to find foreign particles in the bone defects
and compare them with a reference (if present). In previous papers, we have shown that microtrace analysis of particulates in
invasive traumas is rather straightforward to employ. The technique is powerful and allows one to easily distinguish a gunshot
injury from blunt or sharp force trauma. [1, 2]
Next, the osseous material is transferred to the toolmark examiners. They will examine it on a microscopic level for physical
marks and defects (impressions and striations). If a reference tool is available a comparative examination will be performed.
This typically involves casting of bone defects and/or generating test toolmark with a suspected weapon in gelatin or wax.
These materials are carefully selected in order to avoid causing changes to the object under examination.
Once the toolmark examination has been completed, the bone material is returned to the forensic medical anthropologist who
will then in turn pursue his own examination. These typically include reconstruction of fractured bones, determination of
minimal number of impacts and/or directionality.
When the final analysis is completed, all separate results will be discussed within the team. The results of separate disciplines
are complementary and can be combined to reach a conclusion with a stronger evidentiary value. A report containing the results
of the different disciplines and the combination thereof will be sent to the magistrate, the public prosecutor and the police
department. In cases where a suspected weapon is not available, a description based upon the results of the exhibit analysis will
be given (e.g. rectangular shape made out of stainless steel). In cases where a suspected weapon is present, the probability of
observing the results of the exhibit analysis will be assessed for at least two opposing hypotheses.
[1] E. J. Vermeij, P.D. Zoon et al. Forensic Sci.Int. 2012, 214, p96-104
[2] P.D. Zoon, R.R.R. Gerretsen et al. Chin. J. Forensic Sci. 2012, 4, p54-61
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SPECIAL SESSION 12
IOFOS SESSION - FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY (OD)
SS 12-1
DOES THE HUMAN DENTITION HAVE TO BE UNIQUE FOR THE ACCEPTANCE OF BITE MARK ANALYSIS?
Herman Bernitz
Oral Pathology and Oral Biology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
The uniqueness of the human dentition has not been conclusively established at a macroscopic level. This has raised many
questions regarding the forensic value of analysing bite marks in both skin and inanimate objects. This presentation will
highlight the fact that orthodontically treated dentitions, and dentitions lacking any characteristic dental features have a
low probability of being individualised. In contrast, dentitions with multiple, highly characteristic features will have a high
probability of matching a suspect to the bite mark. The talk will highlight the fact that both quality and quantity are required
for any analysis of tooth features within the bite mark. The analysis of bite marks is based on three pillars namely: the clarity of
the bite mark, sufficient tooth marks within the bite mark and clearly recognisable characteristic dental features. If these three
fundamental pillars are upheld, the prerequisite for the dentition to be unique falls away.
IAFS SPECIAL SESSION
Oct 16 (Thu)
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SS 12-2
EDUCATION AND QUALIFICATION IN FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY
IAFS SPECIAL SESSION
Oct 16 (Thu)
Vilma Pinchi1, 2
1
Department of Sciences of Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; 2I.O.F.O.S., International Organization for Forensic
Odontostomatology, International, Italy
Background: Many years have passed since the last extensive study collected data about forensic odontology education,
training and practice in different Countries providing reflections about the scope and the core activity of forensic odontology.
Given the lack of extensive and update information about Forensic Odontology (FO) qualification and practice in the different
countries and world areas, IOFOS (International Organization for Forensic Odontostomatology) is actually promoting
a survey addressed to collect data through a special questionnaire. Many Presidents of National Forensic Odontology
Associations and Societies promptly answered whilst in Countries that have not yet founded a FO Association active forensic
odontologists (Fod) have been contacted to collect data.
Material and method: A detailed questionnaire has been edited consisting of 4 sections providing questions related to
undergraduate – postgraduate education, qualification of professors who teach FO, qualification and accreditation of Fod and
the requirements imposed by law or considered by Institutions/Agencies/judges to entrust a Fod along with the qualification
control that National FO associations have on their members. Moreover the questionnaire inquires about the practice of FO in
different countries referring to the number of active Fods, the existence of an official national DVI team, etc, the dissemination
of FO knowledge at a national level, the networking activity of FO national societies/associations, the concerns about editorial
space and journals dedicated to research in FO. A personal opinion about suggestions for possible improvements of FO
conditions (increasing funds, providing qualification standards, etc) is also asked to the compiling person. The introduction
to questionnaire issues a preliminary question concerning definition of FO since in many countries FO must be intended that
includes also ethics in dentistry (ED), dental litigation (DL), dental damage evaluation (DDE).
Results: 32 Countries from all continents adhered to the survey so far, providing detailed answers through the
dedicated questionnaire. It emerges that FO is extended to include ED or/and DL or/and DDE in more than 70% of Countries.
Undergraduate education in FO is available in more than 75% of Countries even if it is mostly limited to a basic level and
professors in FO exist only in about 50% of nations. Post-graduate courses in FO (master course, PhD, specialization, etc) are
offered in about 60% of Countries, but remarkable differences exist in terms of contents and duration. Teaching programs of
undergraduate and postgraduate courses remained largely unexplored in the present research. More than 80% of Countries do
not impose special requirements for FO practice and in more than 50% the active FOds are less than 20, with University as the
prevalent affiliation. National Societies of FO provided guidelines or recommendations in about 35% of Countries.
Conclusions: The ongoing research reveals a pretty mixed condition of FO in different Countries and rises remarkable issues
connected with education, qualification and practice. A serious need of education and improvement in training emerged,
issues to be solved through increasing both undergraduate and postgraduate courses in FO and focusing on qualification of
the professors. Moreover, quality assurance in FO cannot exist without a serious control on the qualification of active FOds
(requirements for FO practice, guidelines, etc). Hopefully, the reported data will contribute to promote an international
consensus about the undergraduate and postgraduate curricula, the knowledge base, programs and teaching of forensic
odontology.
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SPECIAL SESSION 13
ETHICS / LAW / EDUCATION / QAQC (ELQ)
SS 13-1
FORENSIC SCIENCE AND LEGALIZATION – LESSON FROM CRIMINAL DNA DB IN KOREA
Soong Deok Lee
Department of Forensic Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (South)
Forensics is the science for legal system. The law is an essential one for forensics also. Forensics could be used to solve cases
in judicial system, but this is not the end. To arrange the circumstances for proper function of forensics, appropriate judicial
system is also a prerequisite.
Recently criminal DNA DB seems to be the one which has been the upmost point of contact between judicial system and
forensic practice. Many countries have already launched their system and there seem to be more which are ready on the start
line.
Not every country seems to have the same system. On this I would present the experience of criminal DB in Korea. Together
with the general characteristics of DNA DB, some disputes which are still on going and the prospect of DB would be presented.
I would also speculate how would it be in the future. Finally I want to discuss the importance of legalization and to point out
several that have to be considered during the legalization process.
IAFS SPECIAL SESSION
Oct 16 (Thu)
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SS 13-2
WHY TEN GRAMS OF PREVENTION IS WORTH A KILOGRAM OF CURE WHEN TALKING ABOUT ETHICS IN
FORENSIC SCIENCE: GOOD PRACTICES AND UNFORTUNATE DISASTERS
Anja Einseln
Training, ASCLD/LAB, Garner, NC, United States
IAFS SPECIAL SESSION
Oct 16 (Thu)
Science and technology can move us forward at warp speed but the human element still confounds us. Ethical concerns in
forensic science can cause major news headlines and much heartburn and frustration on the part of the laboratory management
facing the personnel issue. There is a temptation to try and regulate or dictate ethics and morals, but can we really do this?
The intent of this presentation is to provide attendees with various examples of ethical guidelines in forensic science, share
several examples of developing a culture embracing ethical and moral behavior and finally a brief review of some catastrophic
situations that have been publicized.
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SPECIAL SESSION 14
MASS DISASTER (MD)
SS 14-1
AUSTRALIAN DVI SYSTEM AND MULTI-NATIONAL CO-OPERATION IN DVI
Stephen Cordner
Professor of Forensic Pathology (International), Monash University Head of International Programmes, Victorian Institute of
Forensic Medicine, Australia
Australia is a federation of states and territories. The agencies for DVI response reside mainly in the states and territories. There
are national agencies to support the states and territories, and in the case of the Australian Federal Police to lead Australia’s
contributions internationally.
Multi-national DVI co-operation in disasters tends to occur when other countries have nationals who have been killed in the
disaster. The domestic political reality is that governments need to demonstrate involvement in the DVI response. The exemplar
of this was the response to the Indian Ocean Tsunami. The international response was a DVI operation focussed on Thailand,
whereas in Indonesia with over 100,000 dead on Aceh, the response was quite different.
This presentation will discuss some of complex issues involved in mounting international responses to deal with the dead
following large disasters. Reference will be made to Cyclone Nargis, the Japanese earthquake and tsunami, Typhoon Yolanda.
Whether the Ebola crisis affects any of these considerations will be touched upon.
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Oct 16 (Thu)
Since then, with the development of the PAHO/WHO/ICRC guidelines on the Management of Dead Bodies following
Disasters: A field manual for first responders, a framework for responding to disasters which are too large for an Interpol DVI
type response now exists. An international framework for helping countries faced with such disasters to deal with their dead in
such large scale disasters still hits hurdles.
WFF2014
SS 14-2
HUMANITARIAN FORENSIC ACTION FOR THE MANAGEMENT AND IDENTIFICATION
OF HUMAN REMAINS FROM ARMED CONFLICTS AND CATASTROPHES
IAFS SPECIAL SESSION
Oct 16 (Thu)
Morris Tidball-Binz1, Andres Patiño Umaña1, Stephen Cordner2 , Duarte Nuno Vieira2
1
Forensic Services, International Committee of the Red Cross, Geneva, Switzerland; 2Forensic Advisory Board, International
Committee of the red Cross, Geneva, Switzerland
The professional and dignified management of the dead and human remains and the clarification of the whereabouts and fate
of persons missing from major catastrophes are basic humanitarian necessities and obligations under international law.
They are at the core of the emerging field of humanitarian forensic action, which is the application of forensic science to
humanitarian activities, such as those carried out by the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC).
Much has been achieved on the last decade with the forensic recovery and identification of tens of thousands of victims
worldwide. This has given those victims' families a possibility of closure.
The contribution of the global forensic community to this remarkable achievement cannot be overstated, but much remains to
be done, with hundreds of thousands of victims of war and disasters the world over awaiting timely recovery and identification.
The developments in the field of forensic science applied to humanitarian goals over the last decades have been impressive.
They offer today unprecedented tools and opportunities to the growing number of forensic professionals dedicated to this
emerging field, for addressing the consequences of war and catastrophes all over the world, particularly the forensic search,
recovery and identification of large numbers of deceased individuals, often in very complex and challenging circumstances.
Forensic practitioners involved in these activities must understand the legal and ethical framework for humanitarian forensic
action and be familiar with novel trends and best practices in forensic science applied to humanitarian action, as developed by
the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC).
KEYWORDS
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WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
SS 14-3
DVI IN AFRICA AND CHALLENGES OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT
Uwom Eze
Department of Pathology and ASFM Secretariat, University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan, Nigeria
KEYWORDS
DVI, DISASTER MANAGEMENT, AFRICA
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Oct 16 (Thu)
Disasters in Africa are a double tragedy: first the tragedy of the incident itself, and second the tragedy of lack of relevant
human capital, basic infrastructure and other resources in tackling disasters. Furthermore, disasters on the continent are
often manmade and this brings about undue complications in addressing such incidents and resulting in poor management.
There is also apparent lack of political will in addressing root causes of such disasters, and the interplay of corruption by
influential individuals and State actors is significant. Many disasters which occur in Africa are also eminently preventable
thus underscoring the unfortunate tragedy of these events. Deaths from epidemics, floods, fire outbreaks, armed conflicts
and terrorism, and road traffic crashes are all too common in Africa. Occasionally air traffic crash occurs. Natural disasters
such as tornadoes, earthquakes, landslide and volcanic eruptions are less frequent. Overall, manmade disasters are the
predominate form of disasters in Africa. Meanwhile, most countries in Africa have set up Emergency Management Agencies,
through enabling laws, to manage disasters generally. However, attention tends to be focused more, for good reasons, on
Rescue Operation and administration of relief materials to survivors of disasters. Unfortunately, Recovery Operation is often
neglected resulting in chaotic approach to handling of human remains and poor dead body management. The lack of trained
manpower/expertise on Management of Disasters and Disaster Victim Identification (DVI) results in misidentification or
non identification. The lack of proper coordination of available resources and expertise in a multidisciplinary approach,
compounds an already difficult situation. Unreliable or haphazard database and general poor record keeping at various State
agencies depreciate the value of such data in victim identification. Meanwhile, community awareness about different stages and
processes involved in disaster management upon which a realistic expectation can be predicated is usually low, and this often
results in poor support and lack of cooperation by affected communities. The complicity of State actors and some extraneous
forces in some disasters especially armed conflicts and terrorism in Africa are a major limiting factor. The ultimate result of
this conundrum is abandonment of corpses, unwarranted and distasteful mass burials. It is therefore not difficult to connect the
dots between poorly managed mass disasters with unsatisfactory DVI, and inability to achieve a sense of closure by affected
individuals and whole community. DVI Team Africa, an initiative of the African Society of Forensic Medicine (ASFM), is a
recent response to the critical issue of identifying and coordinating available forensic practitioners in Africa. Strong advocacy
to press for greater investment by African governments and institutions in human and infrastructural development for Disaster
Management and DVI is timely. Rallying community support and understanding cultural sensitivity in handling of the dead,
curbing official corruption, and tackling poverty, amongst other measures, will also be necessary means of addressing some of
these challenges in Africa.
WFF2014
SPECIAL SESSION 15
MASS DISASTER (MD)
SS 15-1
DEVELOPMENT OF DVI SYSTEM FOR SRI LANKA
IAFS SPECIAL SESSION
Oct 16 (Thu)
Ananda Samarasekera
Forensic Medicine, South Asain Institute of Technology and Medicine, Colombo, Sri Lanka
A mass disaster could be defined as an unexpected event causing widespread property damage, injury, illnesses or death.
Among their other effects are the destruction of local health infrastructures and the environmental impact, such as increased risk
of communicable diseases, premature death, and decreased quality of life; psychological effects; food shortages and nutritional
consequences; and in some places, large population movements It could occur anywhere and be either natural or manmade.
Though any such event cannot be described as ‘typical’ there are people who are ‘typically’ involved in the aftermath of any
mass disaster. Worldwide, a major disaster occurs daily, and natural disasters needing international assistance occur weekly.
Over the past two decades, 3 million deaths and $50 billion in property losses have been attributed to disasters. USA so far had
not experienced disasters of extraordinary magnitude compared with Third World countries...
During the last three decades Sri Lanka has experienced several natural and man-made disasters. Such man-made destructions
were common during the 30 years long conflict period. Though the local system was able to manage the dead in such
circumstances, the South-Asian tsunami in 2004 specifically highlighted the limitations and deficiencies of the system in
place when handling and managing dead during such a major disaster. The manner in which the dead were handled had a
profound and long lasting effect on the mental health of the survivors and the community at large. Such inappropriate handling
could hinder the establishment of the identity of the dead, loss of valuable forensic evidence and a dignified burial. Hence,
the families also had experienced difficulties in calming insurances and inheritance, resulting in economical several other
hardships
In this backdrop, the forensic community strongly felt the necessity of stipulating best practices in managing dead. The process
of formulating these guidelines was initiated by the Institute of Legal Medicine and Toxicology (ILMT) with a series of
consultative meetings with the Disaster Preparedness and Response Unit of the Ministry of Health, the Disaster Management
Centre (DMC) of the ministry of disaster management in corroboration with the Medico-Legal Society of Sri Lanka with the
financial assistance of the ICRC. A working group consisting of Forensic and Legal Experts, Military, Police, Fire Brigade, Sri
Lanka Red Cross and officials of Disaster Management was involved in the preparation of the draft. The final document is the
outcome of a series of consultative workshops by this working group. During this process the National and International best
practices and guidelines, inputs from the resource person from humanitarian forensic services of ICRC-Geneva and Sri Lankan
previous experiences were taken into consideration. The draft document was reviewed by an external reviewer nominated by
ICRC from the region.
In Sri Lanka the Disaster Management Center with in the Ministry of Disaster Management established under Sri Lanka
Disaster Management Act No. 13 of 2005 passed by the Parliament of Sri Lanka. Disasters causing deaths, medico legal system
has an essential role to play.. In Sri Lanka any person who had died suddenly or unnaturally must be investigated within the
legal frame work of Inquest procedure stipulated in the Code of Criminal Procedure Act by an Inquirer, a judicial appointee.
Since disasters causes sudden unexpected multiple death, whether due to natural or manmade, requires judicial or quasi judicial
investigation for each individual death in keeping with the said legal requirement. This is because of absence of legal provision
to conduct an Inquest in to the event came to light during after math of tsunami. Hence amendment to the law necessitated
which is stipulated in the second part of the guide. The actual technical guidelines for management of the dead are in to the first
part.
Disaster victim identification (DVI), though very important in the management of the dead cannot be taken in isolation for
many reasons.
Part –A includes technical guidelines for management of the dead consisting of summary of response procedures, recovery
preservation, and storage, identification (DVI) postmortem examination, and disposal bodies/parts.
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Part-B includes proposed amendments to the Inquest procedure consisting of Inquest procedure, human resource assistance,
powers of acquisitions of infrastructure etc, storage, legal identification, final legal disposal of bodies/body parts.
The expected outcome is to have an effective, appropriate and legally regulated system for the management of the dead in mass
disasters and catastrophes for the best interests of Sri Lanka ensuring justice and in keeping with international standards and
best practices with applicable scientific criteria, socio-cultural norms, and humanitarian needs and according to expectations of
human civilization.
IAFS SPECIAL SESSION
Oct 16 (Thu)
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SS 15-2
THE MALAYSIAN DISASTER VICTIM IDENTIFICATION EXPERIENCE:
PROJECTING DVI COOPERATION IN SOUTHEAST ASIA
IAFS SPECIAL SESSION
Oct 16 (Thu)
Dr Mohd Shah Mahmood MD, DMJ(Path), MSc(MedSci)
Director and Senior Consultant in Forensic Pathology National Institute of Forensic Medicine, Malaysia
Malaysian DVI System
Disaster Victim Identification (DVI) operations in Malaysia for many of the major incidents with multiple fatalities have been
handled effectively by ad-hoc DVI teams assembled soon after a disaster has taken place. This was previously possible to be
managed effectively within a short period of time, where almost all DVI activities were performed within the local government
hospital mortuary setting, not requiring assistance from international DVI teams, partly due to the relatively small number of
fatalities. The major agencies involved in the overall management of disaster investigation are the Royal Malaysian Police and
the Malaysian National Institute for Forensic Medicine. Other government agencies involved in managing the DVI activities
include the National Security Council, the Forensic Science Laboratory and the National Registration Department.
However, more recently, Malaysia had been affected by 3 major disasters with multiple fatalities: the armed Sulu tribe intrusion
to Sabah in 2013 (64 fatalities including 10 Malaysian policemen), the mysterious disappearance of flight MH370 in March
2014 (227 passengers and 12 crew members on board) and the recent MH17 tragedy in Ukraine on the 17th July 2014 with no
survivors (283 passengers and 15 crew members on board).
Previously, the Malaysian DVI teams were devoid of opportunity and experience in participating with other international
DVI teams in major DVI operations either within or outside the country. The first international exposure of DVI operations
with other international teams was in the recent DVI operations of the MH17 victims conducted at the Hilversum Military
Base in Netherlands. This had given the Malaysian DVI teams the opportunity for on-site invaluable intense experience, for a
duration of over 2 months, in DVI and overall management of a major international disaster. Furthermore, the Malaysian DVI
teams were able to engage cooperation in the international arena with DVI teams from other countries including Netherlands,
Belgium, Germany, United Kingdom, Australia and Indonesia. In addition, the MH17 disaster victims comprised of various
nationalities, hence international cooperation and teamwork were vital and inevitable. Overall, this engaging experience and
opportunity served as a valuable insight in strategising direction and improvement in the future management of major incidents
with multiple fatalities in Malaysia or abroad. In addition, this has provided significant contribution to planning the way
forward in fostering DVI international bilateral cooperation, linkages and networking. Hence, a proposal has been submitted to
the relevant authorities for a formal set-up of DVI organisation and governance for Malaysia.
DVI cooperation in Southeast Asia
Effective cooperation in DVI operations in the event of any major incidents in Southeast Asia would require a good networking
among the stake holders in DVI activities for each relevant country. The main agencies that will play a major role in the
management of any major incidents in a particular country are the (a) Police as the overall investigator, (b) DVI team in
identification of the victims, (c) judiciary for the inquest and court proceedings and (d) Ministry of Foreign Affairs for
facilitating international DVI activities. The participation of other organisations, e.g. International Committee for Red Cross
(ICRC) and Asia Pacific Medico-Legal Agencies (APMLA) with the above agencies would enhance better cooperation and
coordination in terms of DVI activities in the Southeast Asia region.
As an initial effort towards cooperation in DVI work in Southeast Asia, it is highly essential for the above agencies in each
participating country to meet, discuss and strategise SEA regional future DVI cooperation. Issues and mutual agreement in
ensuring a successful DVI cooperation among the participating countries would encompass some of the following areas of
interest:
Conduct of regular meetings with predetermined agendas and monitoring of progress and performance
DVI training with international DVI teams
SOP and guidelines for DVI operations
Maintenance and update of registry on experts on DVI
Regional Mass Disaster Logistic Store at agreed / strategic regional sites
Agreed procedure on (a) how to request for assistance from international DVI teams and (b) procedure on how to offer
assistance to neighbouring countries affected by major incidents
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Conclusion
Malaysia is taking the initiative to set up a formal DVI organisation and governance based on the recent international MH17
air disaster DVI experience in Netherlands. This first intense and engaging DVI activities with other international DVI teams
have provided valuable experience and opportunities for the future initiatives in fostering DVI cooperation in Southeast Asia.
IAFS SPECIAL SESSION
Oct 16 (Thu)
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SS 15-3
PROVIDING FORENSIC EXPERTISE TO RESPOND RAPIDLY TO MAN-MADE MASS DISASTERS
IAFS SPECIAL SESSION
Oct 16 (Thu)
Andras Vamos Goldman
Direction, Justice Rapid Response, Geneva, Switzerland
Justice Rapid Response (JRR) is an innovative initiative established by States to improve the ability of the international
community to end impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity and serious human rights violations. JRR
provides a flexible, rapid, and cost-effective means to access relevant, highly specialized investigative expertise to assist with
fact-finding, inquiries and investigations in situations where violations of international criminal law and serious human rights
violations may have occurred. To do this, JRR has created a geographically diverse and gender balanced roster of experts in
a wide range of criminal justice and related fields who have completed specialized training in the conduct of international
investigations.
Forensic specialties make up one of the most important and in demand range of expertise to assist the investigation of
international crimes and human rights violations. Accountability processes following man-made mass disasters such as war
increasingly require a wide variety of specialized forensic expertise, as the international community is making greater and
greater efforts to conduct fact-finding missions, inquiries and investigations as soon as security and political considerations
allow. These missions, gathering vital evidence and making the first, crucial assessments and reports will set the tone for
subsequent international and national action in response to any atrocities and mass disasters. This means that forensic expertise,
trained in international investigations are vitally needed in the initial phases of inquiries and investigations in order to ensure
that some of the most sensitive and controversial aspects of such missions, are handled in a professional, impartial, sensitive
and highly competent manner. Only this can help the success of the mission, and ensure that it avoids doing greater harm to
the victims and witnesses of atrocities. There are currently 63 forensic specialists on the JRR roster. A lot more will be needed,
however, in the coming years.
In order to ensure a wide range of forensic expertise is represented on the JRR roster, JRR regularly holds specific training
courses in international criminal law and human rights investigations for forensic specialists. As an intergovernmental
mechanism, the experts come mainly from nominations by governments or institutions with governments. The training is a
prerequisite for the expert to be certified to the roster, and while we have a variety of specialized training courses, all experts
on the JRR roster are trained in international investigations. Training for forensic specialists focuses on how to integrate their
forensic expertise into an investigation team carrying out typical fact-finding or inquiry missions, and how forensic specialists
can assist the team as a whole.
We have held such courses successfully in conjunction with the Netherlands Forensic Institute in 2010 in the Hague; at the 19th
Triennial Congress of the International Association of Forensic Sciences in Madeira, in 2011; at the International Association
of Legal Medicine Congress, in Istanbul; and here at the World Forensic Festival 2014 in Seoul. This is therefore an excellent
occasion to increase representation on the JRR roster of forensic experts so that they could be available to assist other members
of the international community. It is also a great opportunity to inform the global forensic community of such opportunities
through Justice Rapid Response.
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3RD WORLD FORENSIC SCIENCES
3WFS-1
CURRENT STATUS OF FORENSIC SCIENCE IN INDONESIA
Djaja Surya Atmadja
Department of Forensic Medicine and Medico-legal, Faculty of Medicine University of Indonesia/ Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital,
Jakarta, Indonesia
KEYWORDS
FORENSIC SCIENCE; CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION; INDONESIA
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Indonesian Criminal Law is inherited from Dutch Continental Law, which follows negative proving system. Article 183 of
Indonesian Criminal Procedural Law says that judge cannot sentence the suspect unless there are at least 2 legal evidences and
he believes that the crime was trully happened and the suspect is the person who did it. Article 184 of the same Law also says
that legal evidences are witness, expert opinion, document, indication and suspect statement.
In Indonesia, law gives authority to police criminal investigator and judge to ask forensic expert(s) to give expertise or expert
opinion in court to prove a criminal case. Forensic expert from various fields has legal obligation to help the court prove a crime
by scientific approach. In Indonesia, we have no special Degree-level education in forensic sciences, except those are provided
by Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Dentistry. However, in some other Faculties, forensic sciences are taught as a special
lectures. In Police Institution, there are Police Forensic Laboratory Center in Jakarta and its branches in 6 other cities, in which
scientists applied forensic sciences in criminal investigation, especially in crime scene investigation (CSI). In court, forensic
expert are usually scientists from university, police forensic experts or professionals, who are known to has good expertise in
forensic fields. In Indonesia, forensic scientists have some Associations, such as Indonesian Association of Forensic Medicine
(PDFI), Indonesian Association of Forensic Science (AIFI), Indonesian Association of Forensic Psychology (Apsifor), and
Indonesian Society of Forensic Odontology (IOFI). For publication of forensic papers, forensic scientists in Indonesia have one
specific scientific journal, namely Indonesian Journal of Legal and Forensic Sciences (IJLFS).
WFF2014
3WFS-3
ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE IN EGYPT
Magdy kharoshah
Egyptian Forensic Medicine Authority, Egypt
3rd WORLD FORENSIC SCIENCES
Oct 16 (Thu)
Egyptians are one of the first civilisations to practice the removal and examination of internal organs of
humans. Their practices ranged from embalming to faith healing to surgery and autopsy. Modern
radiological studies, together with various forensic techniques, allowed scientists unique glimpses of the
state of health in Egypt 4000 years ago and discovered one of the earliest applications of autopsy, the
main element of forensic medicine practice today.
The Egyptian Forensic Medicine Authority handles a relatively large number of cases annually and
depends on different assisting laboratories (forensic histopathology, microbiology, serology unit, DNA
laboratory, forensic chemistry laboratory). Crime scene investigations are performed mainly through the criminal laboratory
related to the Ministry of Interior.Forensic Medicine is studied thoroughly in the faculty of medicine (undergraduates), as
well as byforensic medical examiners at postgraduate level (diploma, master’s and doctorate). Egyptian Journal Of Forensic
Sciences was founded in 2011 Published quarterly, production and hosting by Elsevier.com and available on Sciencedirect.
com.
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3WFS-4
THE CURRENT STATE OF FORENSIC SCIENCES IN NIGERIA: POTENTIAL YET UNREALIZED
Uwom O. Eze
Senior Consultant in Pathology & Forensic Medicine, Nigeria
KEYWORDS
Forensic Sciences, current state, Nigeria.
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Oct 16 (Thu)
Lately, there has been an upsurge in interest shown by cross sections of Nigerians to the application of forensic sciences to
certain events and circumstances that are prevalent in the society nowadays.
Increase in crime rates, sexual violence, parentage disputes, new dimensions of armed conflicts and terrorism, and the spate
of natural and manmade disasters have ordinarily elicited responses from people on the issues of exploring better means of
understanding and addressing these challenges in some more objective/scientific manner. The subject of forensic sciences
has also been linked to the protection of human rights especially in the prevailing methods of crime prosecution, which are
mainly predicated on confessions extracted from suspects (usually under questionable circumstances), and through many other
“traditional” ways of gathering and presenting evidence to the court, have come under scrutiny. Questions are now raised about
the integrity and validity of such methods in the protection of human rights, dispensation of justice, and in crime prevention.
However, this renewed interest and awareness by the public has not been matched by appropriate investment and development
of forensic sciences in the country by either the private or public sector. Meanwhile, there is no shortage in the interest shown
by young ones for a career in the forensic sciences, partly motivated by the “CSI effect”, but this enthusiasm has so far been met
with comatose infrastructure, absent to poorly coordinated training programmes, and lack of necessary facilities for forensic
science training and practice. The positive impact of a sound forensic science practice on Nigeria, in particular, and on the
whole of the African continent and by extension to the rest of the world, cannot be overemphasized considering that the country
is the most populous black nation on earth. However, to realize this huge potential, what is urgently needed is proper assessment
of any available capacity in the country including third party services; appropriate investment by the public and public sectors
in building and upgrading any local capacity in the forensic sciences; the establishment of standard forensic institutes by either
the federal or state government or both; and the enactment of required legislation which would give legal backing to the various
application of forensic science principles and products in the justice system for public good.
WFF2014
3WFS-5
CURRENT STATE OF FORENSIC MEDICINE IN IRAN
3rd WORLD FORENSIC SCIENCES
Oct 16 (Thu)
Arash Okazi
Department of Forensic Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of
About nine decades ago in Iran, Forensic Medicine was established as an office under Ministry of Justice. Due to judicial
demands, the office was later upgraded to The Department of Legal Medicine by development of new methods of crime
detection. Further quantitative and qualitative developments in providing services lead to approval of Legal Medicine
Organization as an independent organization under supervision of the head of Judiciary System. The main activities of the
Legal Medicine Organization include: medical and clinical expert interpretations, diagnostic and laboratory investigations,
scientific research activities, response to enquiries referred by the government institutions and agencies, Educational activities
including 3 month training of the medical doctors, training of midwifery, law and Police students.
Due to the need for more specialized services, the Department of Forensic Medicine was established in Tehran University of
Medical Sciences in 1992 and began to train the residents of Forensic Medicine under supervision of Ministry of Health and
Medical Education.
Now a day, In Iran Forensic medicine is one of medical specialties and being a specialist requires completion of a Doctor of
Medicine (M.D.) program. Upon earning a medical degree, graduates continue in a residency program at least for three years.
There are three main universities which train forensic medicine residents. After residency, most of the graduated physicians will
be employed in Iranian Legal Medicine Organization but some of them choose hospitals, especially the subspecialty of clinical
toxicology.
At present the Legal Medicine Organization is a specialized system with decisive role in related court cases. The main divisions
of the Forensic Medicine Organization in charge of responding to inquiries are as follows: medical examinations, autopsy,
laboratories (toxicology, pathology, serology, DNA analysis) and medical commission. Over 320 branches around the country
the organization responds to two million judicial requests every year. The organization employs more than 2500 full time
personnel, two third of them are university graduates, including 50 percent with doctorate or higher degrees. Additionally, more
than 3000 part time personnel in different medical subspecialties mostly university affiliates cooperate with the organization.
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SPECIAL SESSION 16
TOXICOLOGY / ILLICIT DRUGS (TI)
SS 16-1
MASS SPECTROMETRY VS DESIGNER SYNTHETIC CANNABINOIDS
Marilyn A. Huestis, Ariane Wohlfarth, Karl B. Scheidweiler
Chemistry and Drug Metabolism, National Institute on Drug Abuse, USA
Synthetic cannabinoids are widely abused cannabimimetic drugs that do not produce positive screening results on traditional
cannabinoids immunoassays. Identification and quantification of new designer drugs or novel psychoactive substances is an
important public health and safety issue; however, the metabolism of synthetic cannabinoids and appropriate urinary target
analytes are frequently unknown. With more than 240 new designer drugs identified by the European Monitoring Centre for
Drugs and Drug Addiction, these novel psychoactive substances are the emerging face of drug abuse.
Our goals were to validate and optimize commercially available synthetic cannabinoid immunoassay performance, develop
sensitive and specific qualitative and quantitative
LCMSMS synthetic cannabinoid assays, utilize human liver microsomes, human hepatocytes and high-resolution (HR) mass
spectrometry to characterize unknown synthetic cannabinoid metabolic profiles, identify unique urinary targets, and validate a
high resolution mass spectrometry screening method for synthetic cannabinoids in urine.
More than 20,000 authentic urine samples collected from around the world were analyzed by the Randox Biochip DOA-V
synthetic cannabinoid immunoassay. There were 2501 presumptive positive (1401) and presumptive negative (1000) samples
that were confirmed by a new qualitative LCMSMS method for 20 hydroxyalkyl, hydroxyindole and carboxy metabolites of
JWH-018, JWH-073, JWH-081, JWH-122, JWH-200, JWH-210, JWH-250, AM 2201 and RCS-4. Sensitivity, specificity,
and efficiency were 98.3%, 48.1%, and 53.9%, respectively, at manufacturer’s proposed cutoffs. We utilized LC-MS/MS to
optimize performance by identifying the best cutoff concentration for each antibody, and improved performance to 87.6%,
85.2%, and 85.4%.
We then developed and validated an LC-MS/MS method for simultaneously quantifying 53 synthetic cannabinoids and
their metabolites in urine. Quantification of synthetic cannabinoid analytes is important to determine analyte concentrations
that might predict adverse effects. β-glucuronidase hydrolyzed urine was extracted with 1 ml Biotage SLE+ columns, and
quantification by multiple reaction monitoring with CP 47,497 compounds and HU-210 ionized via negative polarity. All other
analytes were acquired in positive mode.
In addition, we developed an approach to elucidate the metabolic profiles of new designer drugs whose metabolism was
unknown. Identifying appropriate urinary metabolites and providing their spectra, enable laboratories to search for and confirm
synthetic cannabinoid intake. We incubated new synthetic cannabinoids with human hepatocytes, and utilized high-resolution
mass spectrometry (HRMS) and software-assisted data mining to decipher metabolite structures. Human hepatocytes contain
phase I and II enzymes in authentic concentrations providing a realistic metabolic spectrum. HRMS became popular in
metabolite identification because accurate mass measurements for the intact molecule, in full-scan mode, and the fragments, in
product ion scan mode, facilitate determination of the elemental composition and, thus, assignment of structures. Development
of software that supports data mining enables rapid identification of expected and unexpected metabolites. To date, we utilized
this approach to publish the human metabolic profiles of XLR-11, AKB-48, RCS-4, RCS-8, STS-135, 5F-PB-22 and PB-22
261
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Oct 17 (Fri)
Our laboratory conducts controlled drug administration studies, but these cannot be initiated currently, due to the lack of
preclinical safety data to obtain an investigational new drug application from the US Food and Drug Administration. We are
actively working to achieve these data and approval to conduct human studies, but until this is possible, we are contributing by
improving identification and quantification of synthetic cannabinoids in urine.
WFF2014
IAFS SPECIAL SESSION
Oct 17 (Fri)
We developed a targeted screen for synthetic cannabinoids/metabolites including JWH-018, JWH-019, JWH-073, JWH-081,
JWH-122, JWH-200, JWH-210, JWH-250, JWH-398, RCS-4, AM-2201, MAM-2201, UR-144, JWH-203, AM-694, RCS-8
and XLR-11. Rapid sample preparation included mixing urine samples with internal standards, dilution in 50% methanol/water
and centrifugation to remove particulates. Ten µL supernatant was directly injected for LC-MS/MS analysis on the TripleTOF®
5600 mass spectrometer. Positive mode electrospray ionization-MS analysis to acquire full scans followed by informationdependent data acquisition MS/MS scans with 12 maximum candidate ions with or without inclusion lists. Data processing was
based on a targeted approach with extraction ion list.
Finally, we recently published a non-targeted SWATH acquisition method for identifying 47 of the most recent synthetic
cannabinoid metabolites in human urine by liquid chromatography-HRMS. We developed a number of mass spectrometry
approaches to improve the identification and quantification of synthetic cannabinoids markers in urine.
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SS 16-2
DRIVING UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF DRUGS
Alain Verstraete1, 2
1
Department of laboratory medicine, Ghent University Hosptial, Ghent, Belgium; 2Department of clinical chemistry, microbiology
and immunology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
263
IAFS SPECIAL SESSION
Oct 17 (Fri)
In 2011, more than 30,000 people died on the roads of the European Union. For every death on Europe's roads there are an
estimated 4 permanently disabling injuries such as damage to the brain or spinal cord, 8 serious injuries and 50 minor injuries.
The DRUID project, performed by 37 research institutes from 17 EU Member States and Norway, studied driving under the
influence of drugs (DUID), alcohol and medicines in Europe between 2006 and 2011. Experimental studies were carried out
with administration of medicinal and illicit drugs. In the EU roadside survey 3.48% (weighted EU average) of the drivers were
positive for alcohol alone (> 0.1 g/L), 1.90% for illicit drugs, 1.36 % for medicinal drugs and 0.76% for combinations of alcohol
and/or drugs. The percentage of drug and alcohol positive injured drivers varied from 28 to 53% and killed drivers from 30 to
51%. The relative risk of serious injury was highest (20-200 times) for alcohol >1.2g/L and combinations of alcohol and drugs
and lowest (1–3 times) for cannabis and alcohol 0.1-0.5 g/L.
The legislation on DUID can be subdivided into two categories: in impairment-type laws, the prosecution has to prove that
the driver was impaired, or unfit to drive or under the influence of a substance. In per se type laws (in Germany, Belgium,
Sweden, France, Finland, Switzerland, Denmark and Luxembourg) the presence of a drug in the blood of the driver constitutes
an offence. The new legislations have been accompanied by method development for the detection of drugs in blood at low
concentrations, and proficiency-testing programs have been set up. There is also discussion on analytical cut-offs.
On medicinal drugs, a recent study extracted and matched data from three French nationwide databases: the national health
care insurance database, police reports, and the national police database of injurious crashes. They found that users of level 2
(odds ratio [OR] = 1.31 [1.24-1.40]) and level 3 (OR = 1.25 [1.12-1.40]) prescription medicines were at higher risk of being
responsible for a crash. The risk does seem lower than driving under the influence of 0.5 g/L of alcohol (OR approximately 2).
For an efficient enforcement of the DUID legislation, police need a quick and reliable roadside drug test comparable to a
breathalyser. A lot of research and development has been performed in the last 15 years and the nature of the drug molecules
found in saliva, the expected concentrations and relationship with blood concentrations and impairment are now better
understood. The quality of onsite tests for detecting drugs in oral fluid has improved and some tests can now detect 5 ng/
mL of THC in oral fluid. Random roadside testing shows promising results in changing driver behaviour in Australia, and an
increasing number of countries have introduced roadside oral fluid drug testing in their legislation.
For regranting driver’s licences to people who have lost them because of DUID or drug-related offences, several countries use
hair analysis in order to determine whether the driver has used drugs in the last three months.
In conclusion, DUID is a problem for road safety, but to a lesser degree than alcohol. It has also been the subject of a lot of
research. Analytical toxicology can help in the enforcement process.
WFF2014
SS 16-3
THE CHALLENGE OF NEW PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES
Justice Tettey
Laboratory and Scientific Section, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Vienna, Austria
IAFS SPECIAL SESSION
Oct 17 (Fri)
Over the past few years, the global drug markets have been characterised by the emergence of new psychoactive substances the so-called “legal highs”. While the phenomenon of NPS is not new, the unprecedented pace at which these have emerged
worldwide is of growing concern to policy makers and poses an analytical challenge to forensic scientists. By October 2013,
the emergence of 348 NPS had been reported to the UN from a total of 94 countries worldwide, a number well in excess of the
234 substances controlled under the international drug conventions. Some of these substances have been associated with deaths
and other social harms.
The presentation looks at the global emergence of NPS, the associated challenges, social harms, legislative responses at
national and regional levels, and the efforts by international organizations, including the UN to address the issue. It concludes
by describing the UNODC Early Warning Advisory (EWA) on NPS launched in June 2013 as a response to the emergence of
NPS at the global level. The EWA supports the work of forensic laboratories, and currently reaches out to over 150 national
forensic science laboratories in 52 countries participating in the UNODC International Collaborative Exercises programme. It
also targets law enforcement and policy makers and aims to monitor, analyse and report trends on NPS, as a basis for effective
evidence-based policy responses.
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SPECIAL SESSION 17
TOXICOLOGY / ILLICIT DRUGS (TI)
SS 17-1
ILLICIT DRUG USE IN AUSTRALIA: PREVALENCE AND CONSEQUENCES
Olaf H Drummer
Head (Forensic Scientific Services), Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, and Head, Department of Forensic Medicine, Monash
University, 57-83 Kavanagh Street, Southbank 3006, Australia
Australia has a relatively high per capita use of methamphetamine and cannabis. Methamphetamine use appears to be
increasing despite long term controls over precursors and the re-scheduling of over the counter pseudoephedrine. Admissions
of cannabis use is also relatively widespread and even the incidence of recent cannabis use in drivers is also relatively high, e.g.
in fatal drivers the prevalence is 15%.
Over the last several years numerous new psychoactive drugs have appeared in Australia as it has for the rest of the developed
world. Most commonly these have been synthetic cannabinoids and simulants with effects similar to methamphetamine and
3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA).
These illicit drugs also appear in forensic casework including sudden and unexpected death, often appearing in combination
with each other, with alcohol, and with medicinal drugs.
This presentation outlines the prevalence of drugs of abuse in the general community in Australia and how this compares to
specific forensic cases. These data will be illustrated by case examples.
IAFS SPECIAL SESSION
Oct 17 (Fri)
265
WFF2014
SS 17-2
CASES OF DEATH RELATED TO MULTIPLE DRUG USE
Daniel Isenschmid
Forensic Toxicologist, NMS Labs, Willow Grove, Pennsylvania, United States
IAFS SPECIAL SESSION
Oct 17 (Fri)
Toxicologists are frequently called upon to assist the forensic pathologist in interpreting post mortem toxicology findings.
Deaths involving drugs can occur in a variety of ways: people abuse drugs, take too much or too little of a drug, take the wrong
drugs or too many drugs. While multiple prescribed drugs are frequently important for therapy, they can also be the source for
potential drug interactions and, in some cases, abuse.
This presentation will examine, through case reports, deaths due to multiple drug use that involve pediatric cases, cases where
pharmacogenomics may have played a role, cases involving possible drug interactions, and cases involving drug abuse.
After the presentation attendees will appreciate that interpretation of toxicology findings are contingent on the combination of
a thorough scene investigation, history, autopsy findings and complete toxicological studies.
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WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
SS 17-3
APPLICATION OF LC–Q-TOFMS TO FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY
Akira Ishii
Department of Legal Medicine and Bioethics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
267
IAFS SPECIAL SESSION
Oct 17 (Fri)
Recently, liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometers (LC–Q-TOFMS) have been increasingly
applied to forensic toxicology. The advantages of LC–Q-TOFMS are summarized as follows: 1) accurate mass values obtained
in MS mode provide detailed information on the molecular formulas and the possible structures of target compounds, 2)
profiles of product ions give accurate information of the fragments of precursor ions in order to discriminate some isomers, and
3) vast amount of information on compounds can be swiftly accumulated in MS/MS mode. In this presentation, we demonstrate
several examples of LC–Q-TOFMS application in forensic toxicological analyses.
(1) Development of a rapid screening method for natural toxins in plasma samples.
Although natural toxins (NTs) are one of the most important compounds in forensic toxicology, no effective routine screening
method of NTs are currently available, due to the wide range of NTs properties. We have succeeded in determining 56 NTs in
plasma samples as follows: 9 mushroom toxins (e.g., amanitins and musimol), 5 marine toxins (e.g. domoic acid and okadaic
acid), 35 plant toxins (e.g. digoxin, α-solanine and aconitines), 3 venoms (e.g. bufotenine and bufalin) and 4 mycotoxins (e.g.
aflatoxins). All the compounds were analyzed by LC–Q-TOFMS. The combination of high resolution mass spectrometry
and information dependent acquisition (IDA) revealed to be highly effective in simultaneously detecting NTs in forensic
samples. This database thus can be effective for NTs screening and can become a powerful tool to search NTs in routine
forensic toxicological analysis.
(2) Identification of mifepristone and its metabolite in biological specimens.
Mifepristone, a progesterone receptor antagonist, is used to end an early pregnancy. It is approved in the US, EU countries
or China, but not in Japan; many patients thus purchase the medication privately on the internet. However, some side effects
including massive bleeding occurred in some patients. Although the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare decided to restrict
private imports of the medication in 2004, mifepristone tablets have been still imported clandestinely. It is thus important
to detect mifepristone in body fluids. We have succeeded in detecting and identifying mifepristone and its metabolite
desmethylmifepriston in the plasma sample of an aborted fetus by LC–Q-TOFMS. The retention times, the exact mass values,
and the MS/MS spectra were identical to those of authentic standard samples. However, it was impossible to obtain the MS/MS
spectra using an ultra-performance LC (UPLC)–MS–MS.
(3) Analysis of the metabolites of a synthetic cannabinoid MAM 2201 in rat urine
Since the late 2000s, synthetic cannabinoids have been widely circulated around the world; these drugs pose a huge challenge
to the society. It is thus absolutely necessary not only to develop rapid and sensitive methods for determining these drugs, but
also to determine their metabolites in body fluids. We have succeeded in determining several metabolites of MAM 2201 in rat
urine samples by LC–Q-TOFMS. MAM 2201 (5 mg/kg) was administered to Wister rats, and we obtained urine samples 2,
6, 12, 24, and 48 hours after administration. We could not detect Unchanged MAM 2201 or 3-(4-methyl-1-naphthoyl)indole,
N-desalkyl-metabolite could not be detected in any urine samples; instead, we identified a defluonated and oxidized metabolite,
a defluonated and carboxylated metabolite, and other metabolites. We also detected their conjugated metabolites.
Taken together, LC–Q-TOFMS is a useful tool for sensitive detection and identification of drugs of abuse and poisons, and for
exploring their metabolites. Our results have demonstrated the high potential for its wide application in the various fields of
forensic toxicology.
WFF2014
SPECIAL SESSION 18
DIGITAL AND MULTIMEDIA SCIENCE / CYBER FORENSIC / QUESTIONED DOCUMENT (DMS/CF/QD)
SS 18-1
INTEGRITY VERIFICATION OF VIDEO CONTENTS IN A SURVEILLANCE CAMERA FOR DIGITAL FORENSIC
INVESTIGATION
Sangwook Lee, Jieun Song, Wan Yeon Lee, Heejo Lee
Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea (South)
IAFS SPECIAL SESSION
Oct 17 (Fri)
Video surveillance using CCTV cameras and automobile black boxes has been increasingly popular. In criminal investigation
or accident site examination, video contents stored in a surveillance camera provide a crucial evidence. Hence, the integrity
of the video contents is very important for digital forensic investigations. However, commercial surveillance camera systems
do not always support any integrity verification scheme due to their cost increment. For the purpose of the integrity of video
contents in a legacy surveillance camera system, we propose two verification schemes. The first scheme searches a frame
remaining in slack spaces and compares it with the frames allocated in the same storage device. If the video frame in the slack
space is found equal to one in the allocated space, it can be considered as the broken integrity of the video contents with the
extracted frame. The second scheme detects the change of meta data in video files such as structures and parameters in their
headers. Modifying a video with an editing tool results in the change of the meta data of video files according to the codecs of
the editing tool and rendering parameters. It is shown that we can verify the integrity of video contents and identify an editing
tool if the video was modified.
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WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
SS 18-2
APPLICATION OF THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL DIGITAL SHAPE IMAGES IN THE FIELD OF FORENSIC
ANTHROPOLOGY
Kazuhiko Imaizumi
Second Biology Section, National Research Institute of Police Science, Chiba, Japan
269
IAFS SPECIAL SESSION
Oct 17 (Fri)
Thanks to a recent advancement of the three-dimensional (3D) measurement technique, 3D shapes of human body such as
bone and face became frequently used in forensic anthropology field both for caseworks and researches. This presentation will
introduce the forensic applications using 3D shapes ongoing in our laboratory and future prospects of 3D shape analysis on the
progress of the forensic anthropology.
In our laboratory, the usage of the 3D shapes for anthropological examination started in 2000 in a forensic facial comparison.
The criminal's facial image captured at crime scene is compared with the 3D facial shape of the suspect by performing a
superimposition. This novel method is very effective to adjust the facial angles of reference face (3D face) to case sample
of which shooting angle varies in cases. The device capturing the 3D shape is in a phase of transition from floor-standing to
portable since the floor-standing type has crucial disadvantage on a necessity for transport of the suspect to laboratory which
might cause danger. In Japan, about 30 forensic laboratories of 47 in total are ongoing this 3D facial comparison. Considering
recent increase of the surveillance camera placement at various areas, needs for this identification must increase in criminal
investigation.
The 3D imaging is also useful for bone identification. We installed a micro CT scanner in 2004 and have used it for examining
small to minute bones in identification. The micro CT scanner is specially designed to obtain detailed CT image with exactly
focused X-ray. Although the specimen size can be handled is smaller than in common medical CT scanner, it is a powerful tool
to observe details of bone 3D histological structure which brings information for species identification, age estimation, tool
mark identification, and so on.
Medical CT scanner also has a big potential for forensic anthropology. One of the most expected applications is using for the
cranio-facial superimposition with the 3D shape of skull obtained from cadaver's head CT scan. This superimposition method
used to be performed by video-superimposition system which positions real skull to the same angles as of antemortem facial
photograph. This requires real skull for comparison so that it is sometimes laborious to prepare the cleaned skull from skeletal
remains or cadaver. The 3D skull images by CT scan can be alternative to the real skull. Besides the values in case works, the
existing CT data, for example, those collected in autopsy imaging (Ai) could be treasurable source for the research on forensic
bone identification. The 3D bone shapes extracted from the CT data which comes with the information of gender, age and
stature must be important materials to develop or update the estimation methods for them.
The 3D shape contains much information but it could be too complicated to conduct appropriate shape comparison. As the one
of the solution to this problem, a homologous modeling method is commonly applied to analyze 3D shapes. The homologous
model is a polygonal model consisting of the data points anatomically corresponded to each other. By using this modeling
method, the 3D shape can be easily compared statistically. The studies used this modeling to reveal a facial shape alteration in
aging and a sexual difference of bone shape will be presented.
As described above, anthropological caseworks and researches now strongly relate to the 3D shape analysis. This current is
very welcome in the progress of the forensic anthropology. A collaborative studies with digital and multimedia science must
bring further productive applications to both fields.
WFF2014
SS 18-3
THE FUTURE OF FORENSIC DOCUMENT EXAMINATION – “SAME OLD SAME OLD” OR “THE END OF THE
WORLD AS WE KNOW IT”?
Claude Roux
Centre for Forensic Science, University of Technology, Sydney (UTS), Broadway, Australia
IAFS SPECIAL SESSION
Oct 17 (Fri)
The dominant conception of forensic science as a patchwork of disciplines primarily assisting the criminal justice system (i.e.
forensics) is in crisis or at least shows a series of anomalies and serious limitations. The symptoms have been largely discussed
by various commentators and in a number of reports in recent years. Without a doubt, the 2009 report of the US National
Academies of Science epitomises the criticisms. Further, the almost generalised adoption of stricter business models in forensic
science casework compounded with ever-increasing normative and compliance processes place additional pressures on an area
which already appears in difficulty. In this challenging context, where does the future of forensic document examination lie?
This presentation will discuss current and future challenges faced by forensic document examination. It will also provide some
possible answers. The current situation ultimately presents some significant opportunities to re-invent the discipline.
270
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
FORENSIC SCIENCES IN KOREA
FSK-1
BLOODSTAIN PATTERN ANALYSIS IN KOREA:
HISTORY, RESEARCHES AND CASE ANALYSES
Young-Il Seo
National Forensic Service, Korea
FSK-2
THE PROPOSAL OF THE METHOD TO PROVE CRIME
EVIDENCES IN WATER
Il Pyeong Kim
Korean Association of Maritime Crime Investigation, Korea
The crime scene in water is easily removed compared to land.
There are many restrictions that are the difficulties of
preservation and the limits of collecting evidences.
There are many unknown creatures in water or fresh water
which influence the evidence from damaged body in crime.
If you know the influence of creatures, criminals can get a
cinviction by that. However, water, the special environment,
FSK-3
THE STATISTICAL ANALYSIS ON LEGAL AUTOPSY
PERFORMED IN KOREA
Byung Ha Choi
National Forensic Service, Korea
This statistical analysis of 4,861 legal autopsies performed in
Korea in 2013 was conducted to obtain primary data about
and related variables. The analysis revealed the following:
1. Of the total number of deaths, men accounted for and
women, 26.8%. Evidently, the number of deaths among men
was more than twice that among women.
2. With respect to mode of death, 54.3% were recorded as
unnatural deaths, 38.7% were natural deaths, and 6.8% had
unknown causes. Of the 2,633 unnatural deaths, 45.0% were
accidental deaths; 26.4%, suicidal; 16.7%, homicidal; and
11.9%, undetermined.
3. Of the total number of unnatural deaths, 42.0% were
trauma-related deaths, for which falling down was the leading
cause, accounting for 33.9% cases.
Asphyxiation was accounted for 16.0%, among which the
predominant cause was hanging (55.3%). Moreover, 14.5%
of deaths were due to drowning; 12.9%, poisoning; 11.0%,
thermal injuries; 1.7%, complications in medical procedures;
and 1.5%, electrocution, starvation, or neglect.
4. Among 1,886 natural deaths, heart diseases accounted for
52.1% and vascular diseases accounted for 16.9%.
5. There were 198 cases of deaths among children under the
age of 10, of which 81 were unnatural and 40 were homicidal
deaths.
Of all cases, 9.2% had an unknown cause of death, and of
these 72.4%, were putrefied or skeletonized bodies.
Autopsy, Cause of death, Manner of death,
Statistic, Korea
KEYWORDS
FSK-4
DIGITAL FORENSIC INVESTIGATION NETWORK IN
KOREA
271
FORENSIC SCIENCES IN KOREA
Oct 17 (Fri)
In spite of the short history, Korea has achieved a significant
progress in bloodstain pattern analysis (BPA). In 2006, a
famous bloodstain pattern analyst, Ross Gardner taught
Korean crime scene investigators about BPA. In 2008,
Korean Association of Bloodstain Pattern Analysts (KABPA)
was established. In 2009, Korean Police Agency established
BPA Training Courses, and National Forensic Service (NFS)
researched BPA. In 2010, a BPA textbook was translated
into Korean language, and BPA played an important role in a
homicide case in court and terms of BPA were used officially
in court. In 2011, National Forensic Service did experiments
on BPA: measurement of velocities of impact spatters by
a hammer, and measurement of terminal velocity of blood
droplet using high speed camera.
Recently we have been researching the calculating method
of the area of origin of impact spatters including the effect of
gravity and air resistance. As a result, a simulation program
was developed.
In 2012, we analyzed bloodstain patterns in the scene of the
homicide. We reconstructed assailant and victim’s behavior
and inferred who is assailant by analyzing bloodstain patterns
on the clothes of suspect and victim. In this case, bloodstain
pattern analysts worked in close collaboration with medical
examiners and DNA analysts. In court, the conclusions of
BPA were accepted as reliable evidences.
makes difficult or impossible to collect evidences. In contrast,
creatures in water give us a lot of information. For example,
evidences from plankton, abandoned corpse in water, time
into the water or injured body parts by attached creatures.
Using marine animal bite marks, adhesion of sea life, we
need various methods to prove evidences, therefore many
scientists should have interests to mix of learning.
FORENSIC SCIENCES IN KOREA
Oct 17 (Fri)
WFF2014
Insoo Lee
Supreme Prosecutors’ Office, Korea
Yunsik Jang
Soon Chun Hyang University, Asan, Korea
Information and communication technology (ICT) is widely
used and rapidly changed in crime scenes, so it requires
transition of traditional investigation methodologies. With
the need, digital forensic science has been introduced and
expanding the area, but still have many problems that nonIT experts like traditional investigators cannot cope with
well. To foster digital forensic investigator can be a way to
overcome the issue. But it cannot cover the ever-increasing
demand of digital forensic investigation as well as it cannot
be appropriate timely response in dynamic environment
of IT techniques. Therefore, we like to introduce a new
digital forensic investigation infrastructure of the Public
Prosecutor’s Office, Republic of Korea, called D-NET, which
has been designed and established with separate areas for
traditional investigators and digital investigators and joint
area for collaboration.
We have implemented a diversity of programs to foster
specialized digital investigation experts, to promote research
and development of dedicated digital forensic tools and
to create new investigation services. Since the first digital
investigation special force was organized in 2005, total 7
teams have been created under regional prosecutor’s offices
in a centralized system with the Supreme Public Prosecutors’
Office, increased the target fields with about 200% yearly
growth.
Although each country has different criminal law system, we
have a common challenge how to combine our IT capacities
with traditional investigational functions for effective digital
investigation. Also, in addition to a need of research and
development of digital forensic tools following emergence of
new devices, scalability of computing environment for largesized mass data is a serious issue. To resolve these issues, the
law enforcement Republic of Korea has established nationwide Digital Forensic Investigation Network (D-NET) that
allows immediate information sharing between traditional
investigators and digital investigators and remote analysis
collaboration with off-site digital investigators based on a
new model for digital forensic investigation service.
Since 2009, D-NET has been designed, developed and
improved for 4 years. This speaking contains our lessons
learned with trials and errors during D-NET construction.
Many digital forensic professionals work for cyber security
including incident response in diverse organizations and
information security technology has greatly contributed to
the development of digital forensic knowledge, skills, and
tools. The symbiotic relationship became a tradition in the
community. But this is a rule with exceptions.
The inherent wisdom about the practice of forensic science
and technologies is that forensics is value-free and serves
for the truth by finding facts. In some senses, it may stir up
trouble as security is often defined as the state of absence of
threats to acquired values. For illustration, the presenter uses
some international cyber attack cases in which there was no
confirmation of facts followed by international or domestic
formal actions. It is also common for practitioners who have
to serve for their employers who consider conflicting values
other than the truth.
Focusing on the international discussion about cyber security,
it explores the points of different views and arguments
concerning attribution of attackers and other fact-related
issues. As a notion that the known truth will improve
security, it discusses about how we can make digital forensics
actionably applied to solve the problems. Personal approach
such as code of ethics and institutional approach including
international norm and investigative authority are included
with suggestions.
FSK-5
CYBER SECURITY AND DIGITAL FORENSICS:
THOUGHTS ON THEIR RELATIONSHIP
272
FSK-6
A STUDY ON THE DETERMINATION OF FIRE ORIGIN
BY SHADOW ANALYSIS
Seunghun Lee1, Sung-Chul Shin1, Sang-Jun Lee1, Jae-Hun
Han1, Youngsun Ryu1, Jaeseok Lee1, Donmook Choi1
1
Div. Crime Scene Investigation, Seoul Metropolitan Police
Agency, Seoul, Korea (South); 2Fire and Disaster Protection
Engineering, Gachon Univeristy, Sungnam, Korea (South)
This study is about determination of fire origin by using the
analysis of shadow that is recorded CCTV data at the fire
scene. This analysis is based on straight and radiate nature of
light.
CCTV data does not need additional interpretation and it can
be a obvious evidence as itself. So the determination of fire
origin using CCTV can be recognized more important than
the fire origin that is determined by using interpretation of
fire pattern and analysis of electrical arc mapping when those
determination conflict each other.
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
At fire experiment with about 1m flame, we confirmed that
2-dimensional extension line is focused at the bottom of the
fire. If the fire is burning at the same level with shadow, it
indicates the point of origin exactly.
In 3-dimensional analysis that connect extensional line
between distinctive points the shadow and the object, the line
focused in the Ø 50cm-circle. We estimate the reason of that
is because of the character of combustion of gases. The line
indicates not the point of origin but the flame that is over the
point of origin. thus, you have to consider the line indicate the
flame when you do 3-dimensional analysis. You can find the
point that the ignition source and first combustible material
had met at the below of the line focused circle. Despite of
those error rate this techniques can provide more narrow area
as a fire origin than established techniques. So it make you to
save the time and working force in the fire investigation.
We used this techniques to determine fire origin with 4 CCTV
data that obtained from real fire scenes then we can find that
the extension line focused at the fire origin on captured CCTV
image exactly.
KEYWORDS D O C U M E N T F O R G E RY; S E Q U E N C E
DISCRIMINATION; SEAL IMPRESSION AND PRINTED
TEXT
FSK-8
ASSESSMENT OF OCCUPANT & PEDESTRIAN INJURY
FSK-7
STUDY OF DISCRIMINATING THE SEQUENCE OF
SEAL IMPRESSION AND PRINTED TEXT IN THE
DOCUMENTS
Ka Young Lee
Digital Technology & Biometry Division, National Forensic
Service, Wonju, Korea (South)
We introduce a study of sequence discrimination of stamped
seal impression and printed text in a document for the
investigation of falsely signed documents. Using generalpurpose transparent adhesive tapes, we removed the top layer
of the overlapping region of seal impression and printed text
to reveal the materials under the top layer. A pair of digital
images, taken from before and after exfoliation, are spatially
aligned and examined for color change in the overlapping
region. After finding the number of pixels turning from red
to black and the number of pixels turning from black to red
before and after the exfoliation using adhesive tapes, we
compute the sequence discrimination index(SDI), a proposed
metric to quantify the amount of changes in color components
before and after the exfoliation. For a forged document
involving printed text over seal impression, the exfoliation
using adhesive tapes will remove a portion of printed text
Jihun Choi
National Forensic Service, Korea
In recent, many occupants and pedestrian get unfairly
insurance money for very slightly impact. The insurance
company can not prove whether they are sick or not, and
can not help paying for money. The money get unfairly
from insurance company reaches about 37 million dollars
and it is on an increasing trend. The money get unfairly
from insurance company cause increasing insurance fee
to innocent people who pay for their safety. we give a
reasonable proof whether they may be sick or not in slightly
impact.
MADYMO(Mathematical Dynamic Models) is a computer
simulation program developed by TNO in Netherland. This
program is widely used in car company and is validated by
real impact test. We used MADYMO program in various
accidents especially for analysing of behavior of occupants
and pedestrian. We reconstruct the accidents by using
MADYMO program considering the impact velocity, car
specification, height and weight of occupant and other
conditions. As a consequence of this simulation, we can know
the force or momentum acting on the parts of body.
273
FORENSIC SCIENCES IN KOREA
Oct 17 (Fri)
KEYWORDS F I R E I N V E S T I G AT I O N ; S H A D O W
ANALYSIS; CCTV ANALYSIS
in the top layer of the overlapping region, resulting in a
decrease in the black component and an increase in the
red component. For an authentic document where seal is
impressed over printed text, the exfoliation removes seal
inkpad in the top layer, reducing red color pixels. Then we
compute the sequence discrimination index(SDI) as the ratio
of the number of pixels turning from red to black and from
black to red. The red color component histograms involves
a significant amount of shift as a result of exfoliation and
the direction of histogram shift reveals if the document is
authentic or forged. The proposed technique successfully
discriminated the sequence of seal impression and printed
text for a number of document samples prepared using
various types of printers, seal inkpads, and in various
document storage conditions as well as time duration of
adhesive tape application.
WFF2014
FSK-9
THE STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF THE BUILDING
COLLAPSE USING MIDAS PROGRAM
Chan-Seong Park, Jong-Heon Sim, Eui-Soo Kim, Jin-Pyo
Kim, Nam-Kyu Park
Division of Forensic Engineering, National Forensic Service,
Wonju, Korea
The structural analysis of the collapsed roof of the
gymnasium is presented. The use of the Midas program
has been adopted, which is the state-of-the-art analysis and
design code for the structure of a building. The analysis
shows that the support of the roof has been designed at both
ends with fixed hinge structure, but it has been proved to be
constructed with one fixed hinge structure and one sliding
structure without performing structural analysis which lead to
be the main cause of the collapse.
FORENSIC SCIENCES IN KOREA
Oct 17 (Fri)
KEYWORDS STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS, BUILDING
COLLAPSE, MIDAS PROGRAM
FSK-10
THE STUDY ABOUT THERMAL DEFORMATION OF
BODY HAIR FROM ARSONIST USING INFLAMMABLE
SUBSTANCES
Sang-jun Lee
Korean Institute of Fire Investigation, Korea
Methods to arson are various, e.g. simple action to ignite
inflammable materials such as garbage, etc. piled up on the
street with lighter or match, to use combustion improver
such as gasoline, lamp oil, thinner, etc., or to use ignition
equipment which has high technology.
This kind of arsonists must be arrested to be judged by the
law, however, due to the characteristic of fire, the crime which
use fire does not remain fingerprint, gene, mark, etc., which
can identify the person.
When there are several ignition parts, singularity, etc.
was distinguished in the ignition parts, which look like
an ignition equipments, combustion trace and remains by
inflammable materials, etc. are observed where there had
been no inflammable materials, etc., and if there are various
circumstances are observed which can be judged as arson,
through the scene of a fire identification, arson investigation
is progressed. However, even if this kind of identification act
was done, high-degree investigation technique and knowhow are required to specify an arsonist and get a confession
274
from the criminal.
The arsonists who scatter and ignite highly inflammable
materials sometimes have burn or get injured, or spark out
at the scene due to the explosion of distillation, in some
cases, they remain carbonization trace in their fiber texture of
clothes or in their hair by a momentary flame.
This research was composed based on the examples which
verified arson by using hot creep shape of hair on the
arsonists' body who used flammable gasoline.
FSK-11
FORENSIC GENETIC ANALYSES OF
MITOCHONDRIAL DNA HAPLOGROUPS AND
CONTROL REGION VARIATION IN THE KOREAN
POPULATION
Seung Beom Hong1,2 , Ki Cheol Kim1, Wook Kim1
1Department of Biological Sciences, Dankook University,
Cheonan, Korea; 2Forensic DNA Division, National Forensic
Service, Wonju, Korea
We analyzed the distribution of mitochondrial DNA
(mtDNA) haplogroups and control region sequence variation
using a 20-plex SNaPshot assay/sequencing to evaluate
the possible genetic structure and differentiation as well
as forensic purpose from 704 unrelated males residing in
six major provinces in Korea. The most common mtDNA
haplogroups were found to be D4 and B4, followed by
A, D4a, and M7, which are prevalent in South/Northeast
Asian populations. Based on the result of control region
variation, a total of 558 different haplotypes characterized
by 271 polymorphic sites were identified, of these 471
haplotypes were unique. The gene diversity and random
match probability were 0.9989 and 0.0025, respectively.
According to the pairwise comparison of the 704 control
region sequences, a mean number of pairwise differences
between individuals found to be 13.47 ± 6.06. Pairwise FST
genetic distances revealed population homogeneity of six
Korean provinces on a peninsula level, except samples from
Jeju Island. In contrast, statistically significant distances were
observed between Asian populations (p < 0.001). The present
data may help not only in personal identification but also in
determining maternal lineages for forensic purpose. These
data will be available on the EMPOP database via accession
number EMP00661.
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
FSK-12
PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION THROUGH STYLISTIC
ANALYSIS
Joohong Koh1, Hanseo Seo2
1
Central Documents Authentication Center, 2Yale Document
Identification Center
FSK-13
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A METHOD
FOR THE DETERMINATION OF NICOTINE IN
POSTMORTEM BLOOD USING LC-MS/MS AND A CASE
REPORT, DEATH OF NICOTINE POISONING
Nicotine is an alkaloid found in the Solanaceae plants and
widely used as an insecticide in the past. Its median lethal
dose (LD50) is 50 mg/kg for rats, 3 mg/kg for mice and 3060 mg (0.5-1.0 mg/kg) can be a lethal dose for adult humans.
It acts as a stimulant in small amounts, but high doses can
be harmful. A 56-year-old man found death in his office.
Some search results of toxic substances (ex) cyanides, etc)
for suicide were found in his computer and nicotine was
detected in postmortem specimens. In this study, a simple,
fast and reliable method for the determination of nicotine in
postmortem blood was developed and validated. Acetonitrile
was used for protein precipitation and supernatant was
analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography
coupled with electro spray ionization mass spectrometry.
Analytes were separated by RESTEK Allure PFPP column
(2.1 x 50 mm, 5 μm) using a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min to
1.0 mL/min at 35℃ with gradient elution. Mobile phase A
was 2 mM ammonium formate in D.W and B was 2 mM
ammonium formate in acetonitrile. Linear calibration curves
were obtained at the concentration ranges and the method was
validated by evaluating the selectivity, precision, accuracy
and recovery were also performed. In this case, nicotine
was identified and quantitated on analysis of postmortem
specimens; heart blood and peripheral blood. This method
can be successfully used to detect nicotine in biological
samples.
FSK-14
COMPARISON OF FOUR DIFFERENT SPE SORBENT
TYPES APPLIED FOR FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY
Jiyeong Jo, Yujin Park, Heesang Lee, Sanghwan In, Eunmi
Kim, Sanggil Choe
Busan Institute, National Forensic Service, Korea
Solid phase extraction(SPE) is a useful method for extracting
target compounds from other biomolecules in blood sample.
For decades, it has been useful method to using Silanol
based anion mixed mode cartridge for basic drugs extraction.
Nowdays, as the preference of analytical instrument has been
changed from GC-MS to LC-MS system, more simple and
time-saving SPE methods have been developed.
The types of sorbent cartridge to be used in this study were
as follows: Agilent Bond Elute® certify(based on silanol anion mixed mode cartridge), Waters Oasis® HLB(based
275
FORENSIC SCIENCES IN KOREA
Oct 17 (Fri)
Most of the recent writings are done using document
programs such as computers. And due to development of
personal blog and SNS (social network service), writings
performed on the Web are growing much more than by
handwriting.
In this environment, whether the documents printed out or
writings on the Web have truth that the poster truly writes
it or not is sometimes discussed. Those include threatening
documents printed out after written on the computer, wills left
on the Web or in smartphones, text messages and SNS such as
KakaoTalk.
Everyone has their own style of writing, which appears in
their writings.
These writing styles are different in details according to the
individual, but sometimes show similarity if they are in the
same age group, gender, educational level, personality and
area of interest.
The intrinsic writing style was judged through analyses
of construction of a sentence, element, choice of mark,
misspelling, repeated word, link word, and various signs for
schematization, but these days, frequency of use regarding
abbreviation, repetition of sign, emoticon, enumerating
consonants and vowels, Internet neologism, and slang should
be considered.
The importance of identifying writers through analysis of the
individual’s distinctive style, that is, writing style, is expected
to rise.
It is expected that this research, through cases, introduces
methods of analyzing styles, examines whether writing styles
are appropriate to the personal identification or whether it is
useful for distinguishing writers, and contributes to deeper
study and finding observation methods, such as elements to
be added in the stylistic analysis methods and new analysis
methods in the future, tenuous though it may be.
Hyesun Yum
Narcotics, Forensic Toxicology & Chemistry Division, Seoul
Institute, National Forensic Service, Seoul (Korea)
WFF2014
on polymer retains both polar and non-polar compounds),
Agilent Captiva® ND lipids(0.2 ㎛ filter combined with
polymer which is effects on elimination of phospholipids)
and Biotage Isolute® SLE+(packed with an diatomaceous
earth). The sorbents were compared in various aspects
– extraction rates for prescription drugs and pesticides,
simplicity of extraction process, lead time and cost.
FSK-15
THE PYROLYSIS PRODUCTS AND ANALYSIS OF
IGNITABLE LIQUIDS
FORENSIC SCIENCES IN KOREA
Oct 17 (Fri)
Geum-Mun Nam
Chemical Analysis Division, National Forensic Service, Korea
The analysis of ignitable liquids from fire debris is a very
important step in determining the cause of a fire. The analysis
of the pyrolysis products allow for the identification of
distinctive features of interior decoration materials mainly
used in Korea, like floor paper, wallpaper, curtains, and
carpets. Pyrolysis products of manufactured goods by
polymer resins consist of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbon
compounds. The chromatogram of pyrolysis products of
goods manufactured by PP, PE, and PB, and the printing
products with petroleum solvents are similar to ignitable
liquids. The pyrolysis products and residual accelerant are
distinguished from the fire debris. The best method for
overcoming background interference by pyrosis products
was analysis by GC/MSD and analysis of mass spectra.
Target compounds were selected from components of each
petroleum and examined to see whether or not the fire was
due to arson.
276
IAFS
ORAL PRESENTATION
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
ORAL PRESENTATION 01
ETHICS / LAW / EDUCATION / QAQC (ELQ):
ETHICS LAW EDUCATION
O 01-1
100 YEARS OF FORENSIC SCIENCE EDUCATION
THAT WENT WRONG? WHERE TO FROM HERE?
Claude Roux1, Frank Crispino2 , Olivier Ribaux3
1
Centre for Forensic Science, University of Technology, Sydney,
Broadway, Australia; 2Département Chimie-Biologie, Université
Du Québec À Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada; 3Ecole
Des Sciences Criminelles, University of Lausanne, Lausanne,
Switzerland
EDUCATION; SPECIALISMS; FORENSIC
SCIENCE CULTURE
KEYWORDS
OVERVIEW OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION
FOR IDENTIFICATION
Steven Johnson
Executive Committee, The International Association for
Identification, Hollywood, Fl, United States
The International Association for Identification (IAI) is
the oldest and largest forensic association in the world.
This professional forensic association represents a diverse,
knowledgeable and experienced membership that are
assembled to educate, share, critique and publish methods,
techniques and research in the physical forensic science
disciplines. This presentation will provide the attendees an
overview of the IAI, its rich history, the various disciplines
it represents, the educational and research support it offers
as well as its vision for the future. With the forensic sciences
under more scrutiny than at any time in history, it is important
to have organizations such as the IAI advocate and represent
the interests of the various forensic disciplines. Disciplines
represented by the IAI include :
Biometric Information Systems
Bloodstain Pattern Identification
Crime Scene Investigation
Digital Evidence
Firearms/Toolmark Examination
Footwear/Tire Track Examination
Forensic Anthropology
Forensic Art
Forensic Odontology
Forensic Photography and Electronic Digital Imaging
Forensic Podiatry
General Forensics
Latent Print Examination
Questioned Documents
Tenprint Examination
Additionally, the IAI is one of the preeminent organizations
with regard to certification of a number of these disciplines
(Latent Print Examination, Crime Scene Analysis and
Bloodstain Pattern Identification, to name a few). As the
world moves toward a more formalized and standardized
approach to the forensic sciences, certification will likely be a
resultant requirement. With nearly 7500 member representing
over 80 countries and a history that spans nearly one hundred
years, it is the goal of the IAI to continue with its outreach
effort, research, standards development as well as provide
training and mentoring opportunities around the world.
KEYWORDS
FORENSICS; CERTIFICATION; TRAINING
279
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 15 (Wed)
In a previous presentation [1], it was observed that, through
the second half of the 20th Century, forensic science
education had deviated from a promising start to broadly
adopt the views of traditional ‘specialisms’, where forensic
science is an interesting flavour to specialists of other
disciplines but not a discipline on its own right. While
this fundamental issue is arguably at the root of many
symptomatic issues identified in many reports and reviews
over the last decade [2], there is no consensus on the solution
and the main question remains : where to from here?
Recognising the urgent need to re-focus forensic science
education on its main object of study, the crime and its traces,
this paper presents a series of recommendations that will
enable, in an ever-changing and challenging environment, the
development of future forensic practitioners in such a way
they provide a more efficient and more effective service to the
justice system as well as to the security system as a whole.
1. R oux C., Crispino F., Ribaux O. From the Scientific
Policeman and Magistrate to the QA-Compliant
Laboratory Specialist – 100 Years of Forensic Science
Education that Went Wrong?, 2012 ANZFSS Symposium,
Hobart.
2. Roux C., Crispino F., Ribaux O. From forensics to forensic
science, Current Issues in Criminal Justice, 24 (1), 2012,
7-24.
O 01-2
WFF2014
O 01-3
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN FORENSIC
SCIENCES: STANDARDIZATION AND
ACCREDITATION
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 15 (Wed)
Haluk Ince1, Yuksel Yazici2 , Andreas Bedate Guitrez3 , Pedro
Manuel Garamendi4 , Jos Toth5 , Ipek Esen Melez6
1
Clinical Forensic Medicine, Istanbul University Istanbul
Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; 2Ministry of Justice, Council
of Forensic Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey; 3Forensic Medicine,
Espana Department of Forensic Medicine, Madrid, Spain;
4
Forensic Medicine, Huvelva Forensic Medicine, Huvelva,
Spain; 5Forensic Science, Netherlands Forensic Institute,
Amsterdam, Netherlands; 6Forensic Medicine, Bezmi Alem
University Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
Introduction : “Standardization and accreditation” have to
be indispensable features of the units in the field of forensic
sciences. Though national endeavors are stubborn facts in
achieving this aim, realizing this process with an international
cooperation requires a great deal of devotion and cooperation
motivation. The pivotal factor in achieving this project is the
result-oriented approach of the participants. The purpose of
this article is to inform what kind of a cooperation process
occurred from the beginning to the end of this project and
to tell the outcomes. In order to maintain a common quality,
accreditation and standardization in forensic sciences
throughout the world, it is vital to be devoted nationwide and
to attain an international measurement unity.
Material and Method : This study, for the accreditation of
laboratory methods was carried out at 3 forensic science
laboratories in Turkey within a period of two years between
Turkish and Dutch/Spanish forensic science experts. This
project aimed to get the 3 laboratories studying in the field of
forensic sciences accredited with 12 methods and ISO 17025;
and to make sure that ISO 17020 the Best Practice Manuel on
crime scene investigation would be written. Throughout the
project, all the processes were analyzed by percentage, mean
and median.
Findings : In the course of 25 months, accompanied by
108 international expert instructors, 1037 Turkish forensic
science experts were trained for 359 hours. International
experts from Spain, Holland, Portuguese, Germany,
Switzerland, and Belgium participated in the study.
Almost in all fields of the forensic sciences like
biomechanics, trace examination, toxicology, forensic
pathology, and postmortem microbiology, 359 hours of
training were provided.
At the end of the project, within the standards of ISO
17025, Turkish forensic science laboratories underwent an
280
accreditation control by external auditors and 12 methods of
the 3 laboratories got accredited. ISO 17020 the Best Practice
Manuel was written. 36 discussion topics on forensic sciences
expertise between the European Union and Turkey were
resolved.
Discussion and Conclusion : Substantial limits of
international cooperation projects are the lack of a language
unity, and the difference among states in sociological and
legal processes. These and many other factors threatening the
success of the project were overcome with a strong executive
determination, and with the will to constitute “standardization
and accreditation” all the hardships were handled.
Nowadays, the perception of quality with “standardization
and accreditation” in the field of forensic sciences has
become the cardinal principal to protect the rights of people,
to make sure they lead a happy and peaceful life. This is
a significant support to the concept “State of Law” and
also an assurance to the society. It is only possible through
an international cooperation for the forensic sciences, the
primary support of the legal and administrative jurisdiction in
the decision making process, to reach an acceptable progress
level in the whole world. In accordance with this aim,
hoping to be a pioneer with its examples and believing in the
necessity to share the process, this study was committed to
paper.
STANDARDIZATION; ACCREDITATION;
FORENSIC SCIENCES
KEYWORDS
O 01-4
FORENSIC MEDICAL AND SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE
FOR THE JUDICIARY
John Coldrey
Council, Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Melbourne,
Australia
The Courts are becoming increasingly reliant on the evidence
of forensic medical and scientific experts. If the evidence of
these experts is unreliable through ignorance, negligence,
bias, arrogance or just plain dishonesty, innocent people can
be convicted. There is nothing more calculated to reduce
confidence in the criminal law, and hence the rule of law, than
wrongful convictions.
This paper examines examples from the USA, Canada, the
United Kingdom and Australia where forensic evidence
proved to be a potent recipe for injustice. It argues that the
aim of the expert witness should be to discover and reveal
the truth of the matter under investigation wherever that
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
truth may lead. Further, Courts must be vigilant to ensure the
competence of expert witnesses and that their evidence does
not extend beyond their areas of expertise.
KEYWORDS
FORENSIC; MEDICAL; EVIDENCE
O 01-6
THE ANOMALY OF A MONOPOLY; DIFFICULTIES
ENCOUNTERED IN FORENSIC MEDICAL SERVICES
IN A COUNTRY WITH ONLY ONE FORENSIC
INSTITUTE (A PERSPECTIVE)
Maya Furman-Reznic1, Chen Kugel2
1
Forensic Medicine, Independant, Tel-Aviv, Israel; 2Forensic
Medicine, National Institute of Forensic Medicine, Tel-Aviv,
Israel
KEYWORDS EXPERT OPINION; DEFENDANT RIGHTS;
INSTITUTE OF FORENSIC MEDICINE
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 15 (Wed)
The National Institute of Forensic Medicine (NIFM) is the
only institute of forensic medicine in Israel. This institute
is affiliated to the ministry of health. The institute had been
working in professional solitude for almost 50 years, since
it was established, without criticism or competition from
external professional organizations.
Between the years 2005-2014 the authors established an
independent service which issued consultation in forensic
medicine.
We describe the disadvantages of having only one
governmental forensic institute. We believe this has
implications on the quality of work done by the NIFM and
also has impact on the general conduct of forensic physicians,
and eventually may lead to miscarriage of justice and
violation of defendants’ rights.
The apparent problems arising from this the situation are :
- Lack of competition or criticism from colleagues leading to
lower quality of work in general, as cases will keep coming
in whether the opinions issued are of a desirable quality or
not. Unfounded statements may be presented to the court
by state experts which may go unchallenged, leading to
miscarriage of justice.
- Though the NIFM was established as a neutral institution
it works constantly with the police and prosecution. This
may lead to friendships and unaware bias when a forensic
physician is assisting “a friend” in a case.
- The courts tend to automatically accept the opinion of the
governmental institute since it is perceived as objective,
part of the system and even undisputable.
- While through the years friendship and trust develops
between physicians and prosecutors, there is a lack of a
working relationship with defense lawyers and abstention
from opinions for the defense; this leads to estrangement
and fear of defense lawyers who are considered as
adversaries of the physicians and not as crucial part- takers
in the legal proceeding.
- Having no forensic specialist to turn to, defense lawyers
have no possibility to read the forensic medical report in
a critical manner this may compromise defendant rights
to effective council. This abstention from opinions for
the defense, we believe, makes the NIFM part of the
prosecution, not by official affiliation but through setting
common goals and working together to achieve them.
We will present possible solutions such as creating at least
one other institute or a separate section in the existing
institute which the serves the defense.
Also easier more prompt solutions would be founding of
a quality assurance system and giving autonomy to state
experts to give consultation to the defense and issue their own
report if he or she holds a different opinion to that previously
given by a colleague.
We conclude that a monopoly in forensic medicine should
be avoided in a country wishing to develop objective and
qualitative public forensic medical services.
The authors would like to receive reports of similar situations
in other countries and how they are dealt with
ORAL PRESENTATION 02
FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY (AP)
O 02-1
ASSESSING SEXUAL DIMORPHISM AND ALLOMETRY
WITHIN A WHITE SOUTH AFRICAN SAMPLE USING
GEOMETRIC MORPHOMETRICSASSESSING SEXUAL
DIMORPHISM AND ALLOMETRY WITHIN A WHITE
SOUTH AFRICAN SAMPLE USING GEOMETRIC
MORPHOMETRICS
Candice Small, Desiré Brits, Jason Hemingway
Anatomical Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand,
Johannesburg, South Africa
Sexual dimorphism is one of four critical factors assessed by
forensic anthropologists when compiling biological profiles
during forensic investigations. Numerous skeletal elements
have been assessed for sexual dimorphism but, after the
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IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 15 (Wed)
WFF2014
pelvis, the skull is one of the most accurate and often best
preserved. In the last 10 years, geometric morphometric
methods have been gaining favour as a means of estimating
sex due to its objectivity, aptitude for retaining all geometric
shape information about the object being studied and its
ability to discern shape differences independent of size.
Allometry, or the scaling effect of size on shape, is critically
important for the understanding of sexual dimorphism and
hence this investigation applied geometric morphometric
methods to study the effects of sexual dimorphism and
allometry on white South African crania. The sample
comprised 229 individuals (118 males and 111 females) aged
18-95 years. Global analyses were conducted on the visceroand basicranium as a whole and subsequent regional analyses
were also conducted on regional data in which the crania
were subdivided into the alveoli, zygomatic arches, nasal
aperture and orbits. The effects of sexual dimorphism were
explored by permutation tests using Procrustes distances and
modelled using discriminant function analyses. Subsequent
to the removal of the effect of sexual dimorphism by
group mean subtraction, allometric effect was analysed by
multiple regression of centroid size on Procrustes residuals.
The effect of sexual dimorphism proved universal, with
significant differences being observed between the sexes both
globally and in every structure analysed regionally as well.
Furthermore, allometry was shown to contribute significantly
to basicranial, nasal and orbital structure in both a synergistic
and antagonistic fashion. In conclusion, we demonstrated not
only the unique ability of geometric morphometrics to detect
the subtle nuances of both sex and size dimorphism but also
its ability to detect allometric affect. We also demonstrate not
only the presence of sexual dimorphism and allometric affect
in white South Africans, but also clarify the effect it has on
various craniofacial structures. These results are significant
as they broaden current knowledge about the population
under investigation and may help improve anthropological
standards in future.
KEYWORDS SEXUAL DIMORPHISM; ALLOMETRY;
GEOMETRIC MORPHOMETRICS
O 02-2
SEXUAL DIMORPHISM IN FOOT LENGTH RATIOS
AMONG NORTH INDIAN POPULATION
Kewal Krishan1, Tanuj Kanchan1, Neelam Passi1
1
Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh,
India; 2Department of Forensic Medicine, Kasturba Medical
College, Mangalore, India; 3Department of Anthropology,
282
Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
Forensic anthropology involves the examination and
identification of unknown skeletal, dismembered and
commingled remains in a legal context. This process
focuses on establishing the biological profile of the
deceased. Estimation of sex along with other parameters
of identification like stature, age and ancestry is one of the
foremost criteria in establishing the biological profile of an
individual. The present study was conducted to analyze the
sex differences in the foot length ratios in a North Indian
population.
The study was conducted on 149 females and 154 males
aged from 13 to 18 years. Foot length measurements were
taken from pternion to the most anterior part of each toe and
designated as T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5 respectively for first
to fifth toes on both the feet in each subject using standard
methods and techniques. Foot length measurements did
not show any statistically significant right-left differences.
Hence, mean of right and left measurements was used in
the study. Side differences the foot lengths at each toe were
calculated and tested using paired t-test. All possible foot
ratios between different foot length measurements were
computed. A total of ten ratios (T1 : T2, T1 : T3, T1 : T4,
T1 : T5, T2 : T3, T2 : T4, T2 : T5, T3 : T4, T3 : T5, and T4
: T5) were thus, obtained and the same were analysed for
sex differences using Student’s t-test. Stature was measured
in each participant and Pearson’s correlation coefficients
were calculated to find the correlation between various
measurements of the foot and foot length ratios and stature.
P-value of less than 0.05 was considered as statistically
significant.
Foot length dimensions from each toe (T1 to T5) and stature
were found to be significantly higher in males than females.
The stature is found to be positively and significantly
correlated with various foot measurements in males and
females. The foot length ratios however, did not show any
statistically significant correlation with stature. With regard
to male-female differences in foot length ratios, statistically
significant sex differences were exhibited by ratios between
T1 and T2 (p=0.002), T1 and T3 (p=0.001), T1 and T4
(p<0.001), T1 and T5 (p=0.001), and T2 and T4 (p=0.014).
Other foot length ratios did not show any statistically sex
differences in the present investigation. Maximum sex
differences were evident for foot length ratio between T1 and
T4, and minimum for the ratio between T2 and T4.
Though foot length measurements are significantly larger in
males, its utility in sex differentiation may be limited owing
to its direct correlation with stature of an individual. It has
been observed that the foot length ratios are independent of
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
stature and thus, can be considered a better sex determinant
since it is not influenced by the body built of an individual.
Apart from ratio between T2 and T4, only the foot length
ratios with reference to first toe (T1 : T2, T1 : T3, T1 : T4, T1
: T5) were found to exhibit significant sex-differences. The
present research concludes that the foot length ratios may
prove to be valuable in estimation of sex.
contemporary adult Han Chinese population and indicates
excellent sexual discriminatory ability. Cone beam
computed tomography scan can be an alternative source for
contemporary osteometric techniques.
KEYWORDS MANDIBLE; SEX DIMORPHISM; CONE
BEAM COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
KEYWORDS F O R E N S I C A N T H R O P O L O G Y; S E X
DETERMINATION; FOOT LENGTH RATIOS
O 02-4
O 02-3
NEW APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
IN SEX ESTIMATION: DEVELOPMENT OF TURKISH
POPULATION STANDARDS
SEXUAL DIMORPHISM OF THE MANDIBLE IN THE
CONTEMPORARY CHINESE HAN POPULATION
BY CONE BEAM COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
EVALUATION
Oznur Gulhan, Karl Harrison
Department of Engineering and Applied Science, Cranfield
Forensic Institue, Swindon, United Kingdom
Hongmei Dong1, Mohong Deng2 , Jiao Mu1, Ji Zhang1
1
Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College of
Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China;
2
Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Key Lab for Oral
Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, School and
Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 15 (Wed)
A present limitation of forensic anthropology practice in
China is the lack of some population-specific criteria on
contemporary human skeletons. In this study, a sample of
203 maxillofacial CBCT images, including 98 male cases
and 105 female cases aged from 20 to 65 years, was studied
to explore mandible sexual dimorphism in a population of
contemporary adult Han Chinese, to investigate the potential
of the mandible as sex indicators. A three-dimensional
image from CBCT scans of the mandible was reconstructed
using SimPlant Pro 11.40 software. Five linear and one
angular parameters were measured on the left mandible.
Discriminant function analysis (DFA) and logistic regression
analysis (LRA) were used to develop the mathematics
models for sex determination based on combinations
of the selected measurements. All of the measurements
examined were found to be sexually dimorphic in which
the maximum mandibular length was the most dimorphic.
The direct multivariate DFA and LRA equation correctly
estimated sex of 87.7% and 88.2% mandibles respectively.
And the stepwise multivariate DFA and LRA produced the
sex allocation accuracy of 85.7% and 86.2%. In general,
multivariate LRA obtained a higher accuracy with lower
sex bias, so it’s a more reliable statistical tool for sex
determination by the mandible in this sample. The results
suggest that the mandible expresses sexual dimorphism in
The identification of victims involved in mass fatality
incidents has become an increasingly important issue
nowadays, and identification of unknown individuals is
an important aspect in criminal cases and disaster victim
identification scenarios. Therefore, sex estimation is
one of the most important biological attributes towards
establishing personal identity. In addition, several studies
have demonstrated that metric sex determination methods
of the skeleton are population specific due to variation in
size and patterns of sexual dimorphism. Unfortunately, the
modern Turkish population still lacks wide and representative
population standards for identification. Previous research
have shown that modern technologies such as CT scanning
can be proven very promising in establishing new standards
for contemporary populations. The main aim of this project
is to examine the application of the measurements taken from
the femur to assess sex, and to contribute to the establishment
of discriminant function equations for the Turkish population
for forensic applications.
The sample population was composed of CT images taken
from 200 adult hospital patients. The 3D reconstructions
were created using the volume-rendering function in Osirix
(v.5.6.). Following 3D volume rendering, image of the femur
was then segmented from the surrounding bones to ensure
correct landmarks can be used as accurately as possible.
The 3D rendered image of the femur was then automatically
regulated to orientate the image in the desired plane in
which the bone would lie on an osteometric board. Thirteen
metric measurements were applied to each image from 3D
landmarks. The landmarks were acquired using a 3D viewer
and were located and marked on the CT reconstructed femur.
Thirteen anthropometric parameters were measured and
WFF2014
analysed by basic descriptive statistics and discriminant
analysis methods using the SPSS 21.0 software package.
The intra-observer variation was assessed by obtaining the
inter-cross correlation coefficient in order to evaluate the
accuracy of the linear measurements taken. Asymmetry and
age influence were also tested. Preliminary results indicated
that the optimal accuracy of 89.5% was acquired from a
combination of all the measurements. Different data sets were
extracted for comparison purposes from the literature.
Ultimately, it is envisaged that this research study will
produce data and interpretations that will inform on and
improve standards of sex estimation from postcranial
osteometric landmarks. Additionally, this research will
consider how this data provides value for a developing
discipline of forensic anthropology, and how it integrates
within the existing systems of criminal investigation and
disaster victim identification practices in Turkey.
KEYWORDS C O M P U T E D T O M O G R A P H Y ; 3 D
RECONSTRUCTION; SEX DETERMINATION
O 02-6
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 15 (Wed)
APPLICATION OF CRANIOMETRIC DATA IN
ASSESSING ANCESTRAL RELATIONSHIPS OF
ETHNIC GROUPS IN SRI LANKA – A PRELIMINARY
STUDY
Clifford Perera
Dept. Of Forensic Medicine, University of Ruhuna Sri Lanka,
Galle, Sri Lanka
Introduction : Craniometric data has been used widely to
predict ancestry of various population groups since the
advent of the twentieth century. Most of these studies have
been carried out by European anthropologists. Sri Lanka is
presently recognized as a country of multiple ethnicities and
hence becomes an optimal source to assess ancestral roots of
various ethnic groups inhabited the country through scientific
means such as craniometric analyses in anthropological
studies. The craniometric analyses also provide opportunity
to establish identification through skeletal data.
Objectives : The objective of the study was to determine
ancestral relationship of Sinhalese population by analysing
craniometric data through the freeware program CRANID
which allows to do a linear discriminant analysis and
a nearest neighbour discriminant analysis with 29
measurements on an individual cranium. It assumes that the
individual cranium is within the range of variation of modern
Homo sapiens.
284
According to the CRANID program, the human cranium is
classified after comparison with 74 samples that include 3,
163 crania from around the world. Essentially the program
is evaluating morphological similarity and dissimilarity.
From these morphological results, and because of the high
correlation between cranial morphology and geographical
origin, ancestry can be inferred.
Material : In population skeletal studies it is essential to have
a sample which is equally representative of all ethnicities
and age ranges to derive reasonable conclusions. However
achieving that goal is not always an easy task as it is difficult
to obtain skeletal samples towards extremes of life on
frequent basis.
Sri Lanka though comparatively limited in geographical
area is a multi-ethnic country and hence any skeletal sample
intended for ancestral study should be representative of all
major ethnicities. In a country which fought a civil war for
more than three decades in its north and east regions, this
would be an uphill task. Therefore for obvious reasons major
representation of skeletal remains in our sample came from
majority Sinhalese population.
We have examined 114 intact crania of known individuals
retained from coronial autopsy cases referred to the MedicoLegal Unit of Galle Sri Lanka. A wider distribution of
population sample is anticipated at the second phase of the
study by incorporating crania of known individuals retained
by university anatomy departments. Formal ethical clearance
for the study was obtained from the Ethics committee of the
University of Melbourne.
Method : Prescribed anthropometric measurements were
obtained from provenanced intact crania as initial part of
the study by a physical anthropologist and the principal
researcher using pre-tested anthropometric equipment. The
analysis of data was done in United Kingdom and in the
University of Melbourne, Australia using the CR5Ind.ZIP
programme.
Results and Conclusions : Provisional craniometric
assessment of predominantly Sinhalese skulls for biodistance has provided data of wider separation from that of
Indian skulls studied previously. Modern Sri Lankans may
still be identified socially as Sinhalese, but nevertheless have
a more recent component of their ancestry that is mixed.
CRANIOMETRY; ANCESTRY CRANID;
ANTHROPOLOGY SRI LANKA
KEYWORDS
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
ORAL PRESENTATION 03
VARIATION; HANDWRITING DIVERSITY
QUESTIONED DOCUMENT (QD): HANDWRITING
O 03-3
O 03-1
EXAMINATION TO A TYPICAL CASE OF INNERVARIATIONAL CHINESE HANDWRITING AND
RELATIVE RESEARCH
Li Bing, Huang Xu
Key Laboratory for Evidence Law. (CUPL), Center of
Cooperative Innovation for Judicial Civilization, China, Beijing,
China
KEYWORDS
CHINESE HANDWRITING; INNER-
Shruti Gupta, Rakesh Garg, Surinder Nath
Amity Institute of Forensic Sciences, Amity University, Noida,
India
The connotation behind undertaking this research is that,
if the range of natural variations in handwriting has been
discovered it can be reliable and substantial solution for
authenticating any document as genuine. Three handwriting
samples - two in present handwriting (a gap of 5-10 minutes
between the two) and one old or past handwriting (gap ranged
from 2-33 years between present and old handwritings)
samples were collected from 540 (from both genders)
individuals each, from 9 different age groups. The samples
were analyzed and measurements were taken through
transparencies made from Auto CAD software. A range of
natural variations for size and proportion of letters (’of’, ‘it’,
‘ly’, ‘ed’ and ‘he’) has been deduced in terms of numeral
values separately for both the genders as well as for different
age groups. These findings are expected to relieve experts
from the requirement and dependability on contemporary
writings by providing them the range of natural variations for
size and proportion of letters.
KEYWORDS N AT U R A L VA R I AT I O N S ; S I Z E A N D
PROPORTION; CONTEMPORARY WRITINGS
O 03-4
A METHOD OF IDENTIFICATION OF HANDWRITTEN
LINES USING WAVELET AND SUBSPACE METHOD
Takeshi Furukawa
Forensic Science Laboratory, Ibaraki Prefectural Police
Headquarters, Mito, Japan
This article proposes a new indicator for handwriting
examination in forensic science. Main method to identify
individuals from handwriting in today is to observe features
of handwriting by eyes of document examiners. There are
problems in above conventional method because different
features were selected in process of features selection by
even in a document examiner and by also among document
examiners. In the situation it is proposed that engineering
285
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 15 (Wed)
In China, Handwriting Examination is an extremely
important item in Questioned Document examination.
Chinese character is very complex, especially affected by
the traditional calligraphy. People who practice handwriting
regularly and have a higher level writing skill may easily
appear writing diversity. The writing diversity caused by
inner-variation can make special experts puzzled, even
leading to a wrong conclusion.
This article introduces a typical case in practice that shows
the suspect writer’s strong writing diversity. It caused a
heated argument between the experts through the whole
examining process. Then the article describes the method
of examination, the process of the examination as well as
the problems appeared during the examining process and
the solution to them. After the experts’ debate, they reach
a consensus and give an opinion. This paper discusses the
reasons of the conclusion in detail.
According to the typical case, this paper also explores the
issues of diversity related to Chinese handwriting from
different levels. For example, it talks about the kind of people
whose handwriting show strong inner-variation more easily,
and how to judge that the writer has writing diversity, such
as through the questioned handwriting itself, through the
handwriting of samples, and through the comparison between
the questioned handwriting and handwriting of samples.
As time goes by, people’s handwriting will change to some
extent. But the new changes will not immediately replace the
original writing style, some of the new and old features may
appear together frequently in a certain time, which has a law.
The article does a preliminary research to explore the law and
introduce some basic findings. Next, the paper emphasizes
the importance of the quantity and quality of the handwriting
samples. Then try to utilize the other materials in the case to
confirm expert opinion on the whole.
ESTIMATION OF RANGE OF NATURAL VARIATIONS
FOR SIZE AND PROPORTION OF LETTERS
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 15 (Wed)
WFF2014
methods to extract features using pattern recognition in
computer science such as strokes directions, or start, end,
cross points on coordinates of strokes. The above structural
feature of handwriting is visible by human naked eyes
however it is easy for disguiser to imitate the genuine
handwriting and to disguise the forgery. In addition, it is
easy even for ordinary people to control their handwriting
consciously in order to change their habit in handwriting.
We propose a new method to utilize almost invisible features
such as widths and depths of strokes. It had already reported
in other initial articles that there is strong correlation between
widths, depths of stroke and pen-tip force. Accordingly
these indicators reflect pen-tip movement which produces
handwriting. In addition, there were individual differences
among people in widths, depths in strokes via directions. In
initial articles short lines of four strokes were tested in the
experiments in order to be simple in conditions.
This article tried to identify writers from written short lines
which were composed of four directions of strokes using
subspace method. The short handwritten lines were scanned
by a flat bed type image scanner (Creo, iQsmart3) at high
resolution (5400dpi). After binarization in preprocessing
the contours of short lines were extracted from binarized
handwritten lines. Profiles were obtained by being subtracted
from upper (right) contours to lower (left) contours. These
profiles were determined to the features. The profiles were
decomposed using three scales of wavelet decomposition.
Crossing point between the decomposed profiles which were
obtained above process and zero on y-axis were counted.
These numbers of zero-crossing points were determined to
indicators in this experiment.
At first the indicators were analyzed with ANOVA (Analysis
of Variance) among three factors (subjects, directions, and
scales). Next the indicators were also analyzed with PCA
(Principle Component Analysis) in order to grasp differences
among subjects. Finally, test of identifying writers, between
training data and test data was yielded using subspace
method. The result of ANOVA showed the differences among
the ten subjects were larger than the difference in the each
subject. The eigen values and the eigen vectors were obtained
with using PCA and these values were plotted on the three
dimension graph. The graph showed the tendencies among
subjects. We will present the details of the result at the
conference.
KEYWORDS
METHOD
286
HANDWRITING; WAVELET; SUBSPACE
O 03-5
FORENSICS IN TORN PAPER PIECES - A CASE
REPORT
Meenakshi Mahajan
1
Home, Regional Forensic Science Laboratory, Nr,
Dharamshala, India; 2Home, State Forensic Science Laboratory,
Shimla Hills, Junga, India
A young woman after one year of marriage was living with
her parents and hanged herself in her bedroom. The father
lodged a complaint with the police and held her in-laws
responsible as she was frequently subjected to mental and
physical torture. Three weeks later, torn paper pieces (~
380 in numbers) were recovered underneath the bed while
cleaning the floor area with the help of a broom. The torn
pieces were too small to enable one to read the writing
and make out sense from the writing on the torn pieces.
All paper pieces were sent to the forensic laboratory for
reconstruction of document and to fix the authorship. On the
basis of geometrical parameters, document torn into pieces
was reconstructed. The contents could be read out from
the reconstructed document, authorship was fixed and that
verified the version of the deceased’s father.
KEYWORDS TO R N P I E C E S ; R E C O N S T R U C T I O N ;
GEOMETRICAL PARAMETERS
O 03-6
VERIFICATION ON HANDWRITING OF
ENDANGERED PERSON
Wang Yanling1, Xia Ofeng Bai2
1
Forensic Science Department, China Criminal Police College,
Shenyang, China; 2Document Examination, China Criminal
Police Coolge, Shenyang, China
Abstract : In the authentication of civil dispute cases,
endangered person’s handwritings are frequently encountered
by document examination authenticator. Accurate judgment
and examination of this kind of handwriting could lay a solid
foundation for case identification and civil dispute resolution.
The author explores the handwriting of endangered person
from aspects of its causes, accordances, characteristics
and examination on basis of work experience of several
real cases. The handwriting of endangered is a kind of
handwriting written under clear consciousness, but due to
illness, death, writing hypofunction which lead to writing
skills into obvious degeneration stage. The civil dispute cases
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
usually concern this kind of handwriting, such as wills and
messages. A person’s handwriting varies in different ages.
In general, old peoples’ writing skills gradually degradation.
In addition, there is a special case. Long or endangered
person due to physiological organ aging, intelligence,
physical decline, theirs’ handwriting will obviously decline.
Handwriting characteristics of endangered person are messy
layout, not by the grid lines; illegible, loose structure; the
pen jerky and weakness. Verification point on handwriting
of endangered person is to judge its authenticity from the
whole suspicious file. Distinguish the endangered person
handwriting from camouflage handwriting and imitation
handwriting. Try to use the same period of sample and refer
the sample before the case. The article puts forward the
proposition that as long as we make careful analysis on its
characteristics, differentiate on other fabricating tricks and
compare within contemporaneous samples, the handwriting
of endangered person can be accurately identified and
examined.
ENDANGERED PERSON; HANDWRITING;
VERIFICATION
KEYWORDS
ORAL PRESENTATION 04
O 04-1
THE INTEGRATED SCIENTIFIC APPROACH TO
HUMAN IDENTIFICATION IN CHALLENGING
CONTEXTS
John Byrd1, Maria Delores Morcillo2 , Michael Warren3 ,
Thomas Holland1, Cristina Cattaneo4 , Udo Krenzer5 , Duarte
Nuno Vieira6 , Shuala Drawdy5 , Luis Fondebrider7, Douglas
Ubelaker8
1
Central Identification Laboratory, Department of Defense,
Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam, HI, United States;
2
Identification Coordinator, Committee on Missing Persons,
Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; 3C.A. Pound Human Identification
Laboratory, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United
States; 4Pathology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; 5Forensic
Services, International Committee of the Red Cross, Geneva,
Switzerland; 6Forensic Medicine/Forensic Sciences, National
Institute of Legal Medicine of Portugal, Coimbra, Portugal;
7
Laboratory, Argentinian Forensic Anthropology Team, Buenos
This presentation concerns the principles and practices
utilized in human identification, particularly as it applies to
challenging circumstances. We view human identification
as a scientific process versus a singular result. It is
recognized, however, that each legal jurisdiction will define
who carries the authority to decide when the process is
adequate. Nevertheless, an adequate identification process
follows the scientific method : The potential candidates for
identification must be cogently determined, and then each
eliminated from consideration through testing until only
the correct identity remains. The potential pool of missing
persons considered for identification in a given case should
be established in a rigorous manner based on the context in
which the remains were recovered and the circumstances
under which each individual became missing. Pools of the
missing can be open or closed. The identification process
eliminates candidates from consideration by comparing
antemortem information about each person to the results
of a diverse array of analyses. Each pairing of antemortem
data with a corresponding postmortem finding should be
considered a line of evidence. No single line of evidence is
preemptory, and how many lines of evidence are required
depends on a variety of factors, including, but not limited
to, whether the pool of candidates is open or closed, the size
of the pool of candidates, and the quality of the antemortem
information available. In some cases, the quality of the
postmortem findings can determine a need for additional lines
of evidence. Types of biological antemortem information to
be considered range from physical descriptors to the DNA
profile. Typically, postmortem analyses include autopsies,
friction ridges, anthropology, odontology, and DNA testing.
Quality in antemortem information is highly variable. For
example, some individuals will have no medical or dental
records available. Others will have numerous records
including antemortem radiographs and/or latent DNA
samples from medical procedures. Some individuals will
have multiple close family members available for DNA
comparisons whereas others will have no close relatives to
compare with. Likewise, postmortem analyses can include
a full suite of results that detail the biological profile, dental
patterns, friction ridges, and the DNA profile. In other cases,
the remains may be highly degraded and incomplete, which
will limit the results available for comparison. As these
circumstances are highly variable, there should not be a
singular approach to the process of identification. Regardless
of the circumstances, there will be a need to synthesize
all available information into an overall conclusion. This
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IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 15 (Wed)
MASS DISASTER (MD):
GENERALS OF DVI, NEW METHODOLOGY OF
DVI
Aires, Argentina; 8Anthropology, Smithsonian Institution,
Washington, D.C., United States
WFF2014
synthesis completes the identification process. We follow
the recommendations of numerous best practice guidelines
by promoting an interdisciplinary approach to human
identification.
KEYWORDS IDENTIFICATION; BEST PRACTICE;
MULTIDISCIPLINARY
O 04-2
THE IMPORTANCE OF MUTUAL ASSISTANCE ON DVI
OPERATIONS
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 15 (Wed)
Anton R. Castilani
Police Medicine, Centre for Medical and Health Services of the
Indonesian National Police, Jakarta, Indonesia
There were significant numbers of DVI operations conducted
by the Indonesian DVI team under the Indonesian national
DVI committee (INDVIC) over these past 12 years. The
operations can either be international, national or provincial
scales with the victims either Indonesian or foreign
nationalities. Some of the international DVI operations
even occurred abroad. Based on an empirical study on
specific 10 DVI operations experiences of Indonesia, the
crucial links are amongst the forensic scientists, diplomatic
representatives and Interpol through the NCBs of member
countries. There are numerous skills and scientific knowledge
involved in a DVI operation. That is why during a DVI
operation, cooperation became an important component. The
cooperation can involve numerous national and international
government agencies, non-government organizations
(NGOs) and academic institutions with various scientific
backgrounds. The persons from various institutions and
agencies can be diplomats or embassies, Interpol NCBs and
forensic scientists. When disaster occurred, victims can be
either domestic and/or foreign nationality. However, the
situation could be in reverse that citizens of one country
became the victim in foreign soil such as Indonesians
became victims in another country. When facing this kind
of situation, the cooperation factors would expand and it
will involve other foreign and international organizations,
and government agencies. Cooperation between the three
parties namely diplomatic communities, Interpol and forensic
scientists during an international DVI operation is crucial for
accomplishing the mission.
KEYWORDS
288
EXPERTS; DIPLOMATIC ENVOY; POLICE
O 04-3
ONE-PAGE ALL-PURPOSE FORM FOR MASS
DISASTERS
May Jennifer Apiado
Health, State Department, New Jersey, United States
This paper stemmed from hearing about mass graves that
occurred in Haiti and the Philippines after their highmagnitude mass disasters. In resource-poor countries, it is
a challenge to find trained staff who can apply international
identification forms such as the thick Interpol protocol to
morgue and family assistance centers which may not even be
set up. Lack of access to body refrigeration or DNA typing
may markedly lessen survivors’ hopes to locate, identify and
bury their loved ones.
Commemorating the deceased is a mark of civilized human
society. To have survivors have the body of the deceased
makes for better closure of the tragedy and helps in the shortand long-term recovery.
The system can be deployed where the magnitude is great
that very numerous bodies will decay and lose evidentiary
value and limited personnel or strained resources will simply
default to a decision of a mass burial. The form suggested will
thus help in grief and decedent management while building
forensic capacity in developing settings. Lay people can read
and use the form as can forensic professionals. Data and
evidence collection may include interviewing families or
doing photography depending on resources but at its core is
simple observation and documentation.
The one-page form consists of its title—that of a Dual
Purpose (Ante- and Post-Mortem) ID form—and simple
instructions including that of generating a case number where
there may be no computers or bar-coding or even over-all
coordination. The form has basic bodily descriptions, simple
body and teeth diagrams, blanks to fill and options to encircle
particularly for the clothing section (which makes for a more
efficient classification and comparison system in the absence
of computerized matching). The goal is to be able to compare
its elements side-by side—Ante versus Post—just like the
Interpol form and easily pick out a tentative identification and
report it to the family who will then effect a disposition of the
body as their resources permit.
The paper form would be stapled to an envelope for storage
of pencil-thick rubber-banded bundle of hair with roots for
later DNA testing on the other. Another envelope can be
added later to hold pictures or digital media as applicable.
In the family center side, buccal swabs and/or antemortem
pictures (as requested or as available) will be the contents of
this envelope.
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
Overall, through the one-page dual purpose ID form, families
get an opportunity to speedily document and identify
characteristics of their loved-ones which can be affordably
and urgently matched to postmortem data collected by lay
(or forensic) personnel, all the while having the provision
for more definitive testing. It is hoped that the soundness and
simplicity of this one-page form will provide guidance in
mass disasters that resource-challenged countries can give a
better option for the deceased and surviving members beyond
a mass grave.
Copies (or training) can be requested from mayjenamolat@
gmail.com.
KEYWORDS M A S S D I S A S T E R S ; F O R E N S I C
PATHOLOGY; QUICK TEMPLATES
IDENTIFICAITON OF THE VICTIMS; MASS
DISASTER; DIGITAL FORENSIC
KEYWORDS
ORAL PRESENTATION 05
FORENSIC ENGINEERING SCIENCE / GUN/
FIREARM (ES/GF): TRAFFIC ACCIDENT
O 05-1
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF REAPPEARANCE FOR
SUDDEN ACCELERATION INCIDENTS
Sungji Park
Forensic Engineering, National Forensic Service, Seoul, Korea
(South)
O 04-5
A NEW APPROACH TO MASS DISASTER VICTIM
IDENTIFICATION USING DIGITAL FORENSIC
ANALYSIS
Wook Kang1, Gyorae Jeong2
1
Pubic Administration, Korean National Police University,
Yongin, Korea (South); 2Police Science, Korean National Police
University, Yongin, Korea (South)
KEYWORDS
SUA; ECU; VOLTAGE
O 05-2
ACCIDENT RECONSTRUCTION OF CENTERLINE
CROSSING IN A TRACTOR-TRAILER TO
MOTORCYCLE CRASH
Jihun Choi, Jongchan Park, Songhee Kim, Wntek Oh
Traffic Accident Analsis Divsion, NFS (National Forensic
Sevice), Wonju, Korea (South)
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IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 15 (Wed)
In general, fingerprinting, DNA sampling, forensic
odontology, and forensic anthropology are employed to
identify the victims in mass disaster. However, in certain
cases, these methods may prove to be insufficient to identify
some victims. For example, in the Daegu subway fire on
February 18, 2003, which killed at least 198 passengers, the
accuracy of the number of victims could not be confirmed
because of the intensity of the fire. Many were burned beyond
recognition and as such, those victims were identified through
DNA analysis. The Daegu subway fire was an open disaster
which means that there was no list of passengers using the
subway.
As 90% of South Koreans own a mobile phone, digital
forensics analysis can play a crucial role in providing
victim identification services in the event of a mass
disaster. KakaoTalk, an instant messaging application for
smartphones, was analyzed in order to identify victims of the
capsized motor vessel Sewol. The aim of the current study
is to provide a new approach for identifying victims in mass
disasters. More specifically, this study attempts to provide
Disaster Victim Identification (DVI) teams a guideline on the
application of digital forensics analysis.
Recently, as Electronic Control System has installed in
normal automobiles, the sudden untended acceleration comes
to big issues around the world and the cause of this misterious
acceleration is not verified yet. This kind of study was carried
out 10 years ago but it treated mechanical malfunction mainly
and electrical-magnetic influences.
At this time, we focused on electronic system including
electrical short on wire and sensor, and fluctuation on voltage
etc.
The input voltage of ECU (Electronic Control Unit) was
fluctuated from 7V to 14V periodically and the all of the
engine data like throttle valve position, acceleration position,
engine RPM, brake pressure and maximum torque of wheel
were recorded.
As results of this study, we found that the periodical low
voltage could make the throttle valve fully open and the
car would reach the maximum performance condition. So,
the unintended acceleration could happen without pressing
acceleration pedal.
WFF2014
We present the accident reconstruction of a centerline
crossing in a Tractor-trailer to Motorcycle crash, which was
occurred in Youngwall Gangwon-do, republic of Korea,
Tractor-trailer to Motorcycle crash is rarely happened
compared to its car to car, and besides, it is difficult to
estimate the driving path of Tractor-trailer because the
driving path of front axle of Tractor is different from its rear
axle of trailer (i.e. offtracking) when Tractor travels along
the curve road. The driving path of Tractor-trailer is mainly
influenced by length of trailer, driving speed and the steering
of the Tractor.
In this study, We investigate and integrate the evidences such
as the scene of accident, the data of digital tachometer, the
video of black box installed in the Tractor, damaged Tractortrailer and Motorcycle.
For estimating the driving path, we analyzed the video
image and scene, and then reconstruct an circumstance of the
accident by using PC-crash, PC-Rect and Madymo.
Based on these results we show whether Tractor-trailer or
Motorcycle was crossing centerline at the crash moment.
KEYWORDS TRACTOR-TRAILER; VIDEO IMAGE; PCCRASH, PC-RECT, MADYMO
3D scanning technology. It required many successive and
high-quality photos, but the collision deformation model
was easily and efficiently generated. 123D Catch provided
3D model to the user by auto referencing the photos through
a server. The first method required the user to generate
3-dimensional coordinates and wireframes, so it was a more
sketchy method compared to the second method. With the
3D scanner, it was able to generate a much more realistic
collision deformation model than the photogrammetric
methods. It was also able to generate realistic partial
models. The scanning was done at an angle of 45 degrees
from the front, rear, left and right view of the damaged car.
The scanned data was provided to CAD program, and with
using the surface or solid mode of the program, the collision
deformation modelling was done. Better 3D collision
deformation models were generated when the scanning was
done precisely using a scanner fit for car scanning.
KEYWORDS THREE-DIMENSIONAL CRUSH SCANNING;
PHOTOGRAMMETRY; 3D SCANNER
O 05-4
3D LASER SCANNING FOR CRIME AND ACCIDENT
RECONSTRUCTION
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 15 (Wed)
O 05-3
THREE-DIMENSIONAL CRUSH SCANNING METHODS
FOR RECONSTRUCTION OF VEHICLE COLLISION
ACCIDENTS
Craig Fries
Forensic Engineering, Precision Simulations, Inc, Grass Valley,
United States
Inhwan Han, Heejin Kang
Mechanical and Design Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong,
Korea (South)
3D Laser Scanning has revolutionized all phases of accident
and crime reconstruction. The Documentation of physical
evidence is now so accurate and complete that experts
can work directly with the 3D Working Model years after
the fact as if they were working in the crime scene itself.
Measuring millions of data points in mere minutes, a modern
3D Laser Scan is capable of capturing every inch of a scene
with precision and detail sufficient to locate the smallest
evidence. A typical scan contains approximately 10, 000,
000 data points - a level of detail akin to having the entire
scene and all the physical evidence extracted and delivered
to the expert’s lab for thorough and exacting analytical
forensics. Harnessing these rich datasets with the analytical
power of modern computers allows unparalleled depth of
Analysis. From determining the velocity of vehicles involved
in accidents, deriving critical values from video footage
and scene photographs to exacting line of sight calculations
and ballistic trajectory trace back, the 3D Working Model
provides the expert with a toolset based upon physical
evidence that was previously unavailable. One of the fastest
There are two 3D collision deformation modelling methods
for obtaining collision information with photogrammetry
in accident reconstructions : The first is to generate
3-dimensional coordinates with many photographs. This
method uses Photomodeler and Rhino. There were some
differences in the way of generating the collision deformation
model depending on the number of photos taken. If the photo
included only the damaged part of the car, the collision
deformation modelling was done by using the car model
before the damage. For modelling the car before the damage,
photos were taken or collision experiment data which
included sufficient amount of photographic data were used.
If there were enough amount of successive photos taken
of the whole parts of the damaged car were available, the
collision deformation model was generated directly using
those photos. The second method used photograph-based
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WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
KEYWORDS 3 D L A S E R S C A N N I N G ; F O R E N S I C
ANIMATION; ACCIDENT RECONSTRUCTION
O 05-5
ENVIRONMENTAL CRIMINOLOGY BASED ANALYSIS
OF MOTOR VEHICLE TRAFFIC COLLISIONS
OCCURRED IN THE FEDERAL DISTRICT, BRAZIL
Mauricio S Sercheli1, Bruno Telles2 ,
Charles A Andrade1, Nagao M Kawano1, Alexandre N
Vicente1, Reynaldo M Soares1, Wilson X Camargo Filho1,
Juliano A Gomes2
1
Instituto de Criminalística, Polícia Civil do Distrito Federal,
Brasília, Brazil; 2Research Institute, Fundação de Peritos em
Criminalística Ilaraine Acácio Arce - FPCIAA, Brasília, Brazil
Summary : This is a comprehensive study of 264 fatal
traffic motor vehicle accidents occurred in the Federal
District of Brazil in 2012 involving multi- or singlevehicle collisions, which is based on combined data from
government agencies. Routine Activity Theory is a sub-field
of Environmental Criminology and focuses on a space-time
physical convergence to stipulate three necessary conditions
for crime to occur : a likely offender, a suitable target
(victim) and the absence of a capable guardian (supportive
environment). A traffic crime can be prevented if one of
these conditions is absent. The purpose of this work is to
use Environmental Criminology to identify critical regions
on the road and street networks, where the number of traffic
accidents is relevant. Identifying and analyzing such critical
regions may bring solutions and occasional environment
interventions (transportation engineering and traffic safety
issue modifications) to minimize, or even extinguish, such
fatal crashes. This study generated a density map of critical
points of concentration of the practice of traffic offenses (hot
spots) and finally grouped statistically relevant data, such
as the period of occurrence (month, week, time), weather
condition, driver’s age, blood alcohol level and type of
vehicle. Further, this work showed the different root causes
of all traffic accidents. The density map showed several
critical regions, i.e. areas where more than one collision
occurred in a one year period, and clearly set out the worst
seven regions, while graphs and tables were developed
to relate the accidents according to the above mentioned
parameters. In-depth collision analysis and reconstruction
to identify root causes, reasons, and contributing factors
to collision, indicated primarily a 31% vehicle trajectory
intercept, 22% loss of steering control, and 15% deviation of
the direction. Besides, it was observed that during business
days, morning and afternoon rush hours (immediately
before and after the workday) accumulated the highest level
of traffic accident occurrence, whereas at the weekends,
collisions are mostly concentrated during the night time.
Remarkably, the incidence of fatal collisions on rainy days
(0.55 fatal-accident/day) represented only 73% compared to
those observed in periods of dry weather (0.75 fatal-accident/
day), on the contrary to higher levels of collisions expected
on wet pavements. Moreover, statistical analysis of these
accidents showed that 55% of drivers were aged 18 to 36 and
50% of the accidents were related to blood alcohol levels.
Finally, the identification of critical zones, where collision
occurrence was above the average value, was fundamental
to understand how a certain street or road could contribute
for a collision to occur. Each of the seven critical regions
was rigorously analyzed and received structural change and
signaling suggestions to refrain similar traffic accidents,
291
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 15 (Wed)
growing areas of growth is the use of the 3D working Model
to analyze opposing expert’s conclusions and opinions. Being
able to plug the underlying assumptions back into the 3D
Working Model allows the expert to determine how well, or
not, the results match the physical evidence.
Once the dataset has been utilized to complete a thorough
investigation and derive fact-based conclusions supported
by the physical evidence, the final stage of the process also
benefits greatly from the underlying 3D Working Model.
The Visualization of the dataset and the conclusions via
3D computer animation and simulation allows the expert
to present their findings in a clear, compelling manner to
the trier of fact. Using the laser scan data directly in the
visualization provides a level of realism and accuracy that
far exceeds what was possible before. In addition to being
visually compelling in its own right, the scan data gives the
expert the opportunity to animate over the exact same dataset
upon which their calculations were performed. This increases
the accuracy of the final visualization, eliminating the need
to resort to mere illustrations and elevating the animation
to a true engineering visualization. This ability to maintain
the highest level of scene fidelity increases the likelihood
that the animation will be admitted into the trial setting
and significantly helps combat the CSI-effect often seen in
urban courtrooms. Today’s juror comes to the trial with an
expectation, born from TV and other media, that the facts and
findings will be presented in a visually compelling manner.
Mr. Craig Fries pioneered the use of the 3D Animation and
3D Laser Scanning in forensics in the US. In this presentation
he will demonstrate its use via compelling graphics and
analyses in all three phases of the reconstruction process,
pulling from 20 years’ experience and over 1000 cases, all
while maintaining a 100% admissions record in trial.
WFF2014
and suggestions of better traffic control or even a specific
advertisement. This work is a partnership agreement between
the Federal District Forensic Institute – IC/PCDF, the Ilaraine
Acácio Arce Forensic Experts Foundation of the Federal
District – FPCIAA and the Prosecutor Counsel of the Federal
District – MPDFT.
KEYWORDS FATA L M O T O R V E H I C L E T R A F F I C
ACCIDENT; ROUTINE ACTIVITY THEORY; TRAFFIC
COLLISIONS DENSITY MAP
O 05-6
ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENT SPEED ESTIMATION BY
VIDEO
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 15 (Wed)
Hao Feng, Jian-Guo Chen, Ze-Feng Zhang
Road Traffic Accident Analysis, Institute of Forensic Science,
Ministry of Justice, P.r.c, Shanghai, China
More and more cameras were installed for traffic control and
management in China, the video that recorded crash or before
has provided a new clue for traffic accident reconstruction.
The continuous motion process of vehicle was discretized
into image sequence by camera, travel distance and time of
the object vehicle could be measured or calculated from the
image sequence. Based on the frame rate and the vehicle
locations on the image sequence, from 2009 to 2013, IFS had
finished 1003 reports of vehicle speed estimation by using
video recording for traffic accident investigation.
In this paper, we focus on how to measure the distance and
time which vehicle traveled during the image sequence.
Firstly, length which vehicle traveled during the image
sequence could be measured according to the pavement
markings or other feature points on road surface, and even
by feature points on vehicle side surface. Sometimes, Direct
Linear Transformation of Close-range Photogrammetry has
been used for distance measurement. Secondly, travel time
could be calculated by frame rate and the vehicle locations.
Thirdly, several matters need attention had been mentioned to
avoid mistakes. Finally, this method had been approved by an
experiment which test vehicle equipped with the fifth wheel
instrument, and test camera set outside.
ORAL PRESENTATION 06
ETHICS / LAW / EDUCATION / QAQC (ELQ): QCQA
O 06-1
THE STATE OF PROFICIENCY TESTS IN THE
FORENSIC SCIENCE COMMUNITY
Melissa Taylor1, Ralph Kleuskens2
1
Forensic Science Program, Office of Science Program,
National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg,
United States; 2Department Quality & process management,
Netherlands Forensic Institute, The Hague, Netherlands
Whether responding to new requirements from an
accreditation body, ensuring that your laboratory quality
system meets the requirements of ISO 17025, or your lab
is looking for a way to accurately evaluate its analytical
performance of a given test method, developing a plan for
Proficiency Testing (PT) is critical for forensic laboratories to
ensure the ongoing accuracy and reliability of their tests.
PT’s are developed, offered and used worldwide, however,
aggregate information about the availability of tests across
forensic disciplines is lacking. In addition, there is limited
information sharing among forensic service providers about
their experiences using commercially-available PTs or
lessons learned from implementing alternative assessments
strategies when formal PTs were unavailable. A resource
that provides information on available PTs which includes
discussion of their scope, scoring criteria, and how the results
are reported is critically needed by the forensic science
community. This presentation will discuss the important role
of PTs play in quality assurance programs and address the
current status of PTs in the forensic domain. This presentation
will provide information on a joint effort of the National
Institute of Standards and Technology and the Netherlands
Forensic Institute to conduct a survey of existing forensic
science –related proficiency tests. This presentation will also
provide useful performance criteria for evaluating existing
tests and suggest alternative assessment strategies to use
when formal PT tests are not available.
Q U A L I T Y S Y S Y T E M S ; S U RV E Y;
PROFICIENCY TESTS
KEYWORDS
KEYWORDS TRAFFIC ACCIDENT RECONSTRUCTION;
VEHICLE SPEED ESTIMATION; VIDEO
O 06-3
QUALITY ASSURANCE TO WARRANT THE
“SCIENTIFICITY” OF FORENSIC SCIENCE: HOPE OR
ILLUSION?
292
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
KEYWORDS QUALITY ASSURANCE; SCIENTIFICITY;
FORENSIC SCIENCE CULTURE
KEYWORDS NEUROLOGY; MEDICAL MALPRACTICE;
PATIENT COMPLAINT
O 06-4
O 06-6
THE STUDY OF RECORDS OF MEDICAL
MALPRACTICE IN THE FIELD OF NEUROLOGY IN
MEDICAL COUNCIL ORGANIZATION OF ISLAMIC
REPUBLIC OF IRAN FROM 2005 TO 2012
IN FORENSIC SCIENCE WE TRUST?
Seyyed Shahabeddin Sadr1, Mohammadhassan Ghadiani2
1
Physiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,
Iran, Islamic Republic of; 2Internal Medicine and Nephrology,
Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
Islamic Republic of
Carole Mccartney
Law, University of Northumbria, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United
Kingdom
The growth in forensic science in recent decades
represents a revolution in crime detection and prosecution.
Yet while politicians, police, and television producers
have wholeheartedly supported and encouraged the
aggrandizement of forensic science, others have sought to
293
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 15 (Wed)
It is commonly accepted that forensic science should apply
procedures that are impartial, relevant and objective, and
that results should be expressed in an appropriate and nonambiguous manner. The quality of science must be warranted
because miscarriages of justice, even uncommon, are not
acceptable. In the last 20 years, forensic science laboratories
and crime scene units have largely accepted the concept of
quality assurance, up to the point that it largely validates the
discipline “scientificity”.
Under the combined pressure of the criminal justice system,
external commentators and a growing “quality industry”,
increasingly complicated quality assurance systems have
been developed and implemented in most countries.
However, miscarriages of justice still occur. The reflex
is to tighten up normative and control processes even
further. Despite of the cost incurred in a climate of financial
constraints, it seems we have nowhere to stop.
The question ought to be asked : can we really warrant the
“scientificity” of forensic science through quality assurance?
Or do we simply indulge in illusions? These interrogations
are especially relevant when we consider that traces, the
focus of forensic science, are the resulting specimen of
a unique situation and of an uncontrolled and generally
unobserved activity. This presentation will attempt to study
this topic and bring some elements of answers through the
presentation of real cases.
Background : and Aim : Physician, patient and judge form a
triangle. Despite of advances in diagnostic and therapeutic
fields of medicine, dissatisfaction of the patients from
physicians and medical assistants is increasing. This subject
has a significant role in health and medical care systems in
all of the world. Population growth, social awareness and
growing number of physicians, as well as implementation
of complex and modern devices in diagnosis and treatment
of the disease and the lessening of traditional relationship
between patient and physician are the reasons for such
complains. The aim of our study was to assess etiologies and
motivations of complains, rate and type of malpractice and at
last find a solution for decreasing physicians malpractice.
Materials and methods : In a retrospective descriptiveanalytic study we evaluated the records of medical
malpractice in the field of neurology during 2005to 2012, in
medical council of Islamic Republic of Iran.
Results : During this period, among 3529 cases of medical
malpractice, 24 (0.7%) have been related to this field. Fifty
four percent of the cases were male. There were faults in
42% of the cases. Of the total number of the cases, 54%
of them were related to private centers and 46% related to
governmental centers. Thirty three percent of the malpractice
cases resulted in the death of the patient, and the rest resulted
in physical injury.
Conclusion : Improvement in the patient-physician
relationship, implementation of medical ethics, decrease in
related financial affairs, improvement of professional skills
and knowledge of the physicians, adequate briefing of the
patients before diagnostic and therapeutic procedures and
accommodation of therapeutic centers with the advanced
technical equipments has significant effect on the lessening of
ignorance and complaints.
Claude Roux1, Frank Crispino2 , Olivier Ribaux3
1
Centre for Forensic Science, University of Technology, Sydney,
Broadway, Australia; 2Département Chimie-Biologie, Université
Du Québec À Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada; 3Ecole
Des Sciences Criminelles, University of Lausanne, Lausanne,
Switzerland
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 15 (Wed)
WFF2014
rein in the apparent undiscriminating and uncritical resort to
forensic techniques and investment in forensic technologies.
However, much critique of forensic science remains firmly
within the realm of academic censure, to date seeming to
have minimal impact upon practice. Whilst one might have
expected the tide of public confidence to have turned against
forensic science after the almost unremittingly condemnatory
2009 NAS Report, and the daily revelations of wrongful
convictions from innocence campaigners, there are still
few manifestations of a ‘crisis’ in forensic science within
policing and courtrooms. This raises interesting questions of
trust. Why does public trust in forensic science seemingly
remain undiminished? Why has a catastrophic loss of trust
within scholarly circles not lead to radical change? While
the much discussed (if not empirically documented) ‘CSI
Effect’ is used to castigate a supposed consequence of the
public trusting forensic science too much, (albeit it may
counterbalance the long-held trust of even more flawed and
fallible evidence types such as eye-witnesses etc.), I wish
to posit that many ‘problems’ with forensic science may
perhaps stem from a lack of trust. This can be observed for
example, by the strictures placed upon experts in giving
their evidence in court; their marginalising during police
investigations; their starving of research funding; their
ostracised position within academia inter alia. In this paper
I argue (perhaps controversially) that if forensic scientists
were to be granted greater trust, not less, they may be able
to properly present scientific testimony, will be better able to
regulate themselves and carry out essential R & D, and train
future forensic scientists to PhD level. Until forensic science
is ‘trusted’, (with a healthy amount of scepticism, oversight
and regulation), to mature as any other scientific discipline,
(albeit multiple disciplines are involved), forensic science
will remain problematic.
KEYWORDS
FORENSIC SCIENCE; TRUST; REGULATION
ORAL PRESENTATION 07
FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY (AP)
O 07-1
A NEW 3D LANDMARK REFERENCE DATABASE
FOR SEX AND ANCESTRY ASSESSMENT IN HUMAN
SKULLS
Petra Urbanova1, Ann Ross2
1
Department of Anthropology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech
294
Republic; 2Department of Sociology and Anthropology, North
Carolina State University, Raleigh, United States
The purpose of this presentation is to present to the forensic
community a new approach which advances sex and
ancestry assessment in human skull while utilizing currently
available 3D technologies. Portable three-dimensional
devices (e.g., MicroScribe ®, Polhemus ® digitizers) have
enabled researchers to rapidly acquire coordinate landmark
data in a user-friendly, yet accurate manner. If the use of
these data acquisition hardware is combined with methods
of geometric morphometrics it will augment classification
rates for biological sex and ancestral affinity, in particular
if based on craniofacial morphology. Additionally, new
developments in 3D technologies have made it possible
to facilitate medicolegal examinations in unidentifiable
remains using non-invasive imaging approaches such as
computed tomography and more affordable 3D scanners.
Digital 3D data can be easily transported and shared
between laboratories; they represent an unlimited source of
morphological data and provide a real-time access for reexamination of physical evidence. Simultaneously, they have
modified the manner in which traditional osteometrics is
executed.
Processing 3D landmark data, however, involves a large
learning curve particularly in the area requiring computerassisted shape analysis algorithms and multivariate statistics.
Therefore, integrating geometric morphometrics into an
everyday routine has been challenging. In order to overcome
these challenges the software programs 3D-ID developed
by Slice and Ross and COLIPR developed by Urbanová
and Králík were created. They both use a landmark-based
approach combined with discriminant and canonical variates
analysis in order to provide the best classification for an
unknown individual. However, the performance of the
algorithms and a broader applicability are mainly dependent
upon the representativeness of the incorporated reference
database. While 3D-ID includes 8 groups with a minor
coverage of European populations, COLIPR was developed
to be used primarily in a context of European ancestral
groups.
A new reference database has emerged from a collaborative
project between the authors and both software applications
and has given rise to a comprehensive cranial dataset of
approximately 2, 600 specimens with 16 distinct groups
(Native Africans, Asians, Carribeans, central Europeans,
eastern Europeans, south-eastern Europeans, southern
Europeans, south-western Europeans, Mesoamericans,
African-Americans, European-Americans, Hispanic
Americans, Afro-Brazilians, Japanese Brazilians, European
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
Brazilians, Peruvians) based on their ancestry and
geographical origin and twice as many if biological sex
is included. Combined with additional methodological
improvements in classification algorithms and online
availability, the new reference database will extend
diagnostic power and applicability to a broader range of
skeletal cases. For instance, an overall rate of biological sex
estimation computed on 21 landmarks and the total number
of incorporated groups reaches a cross-validated rate of
81.3% of correctly classified cases if only shape variables
are included and 85.3% of correctly classified cases if
shape and size variables are combined. If, however, input
coordinates are adjusted according to population-specific
cranial morphology and patterns of sexual dimorphism the
classification rate exceeds a cross-validated rate of 95% in
majority of the groups. The classification rate for ancestry
estimation varies in a range from 70% to 100% and improves
when specimen’s biological sex is taken into account.
KEYWORDS SEX AND ANCESTRY ASSESSMENT;
GEOMETRIC MORPHOMETRICS; 3D LANDMARK
DATABASE
O 07-2
THE STAGING METHOD OF STERNAL END OF
CLAVICLE EPIPHYSEAL GROWTH BY THIN LAYER
CT SCAN AND IMAGING RECONSTRUCTION
Background : Medial clavicular epiphysis has been studied
for decades because it is one of the most important indicators
in age estimation of elder teenagers. Sternal end of clavicle
and adjacent lung, bronchus, sternum, rib, transverse process
of thoracic vertebra are overlapped each other in X-ray
films, so there will be obtained false negative or positive
film reading results when according to X-ray observation of
epiphyseal growth of sternal end of clavicle, which directly
affect the scientificalness and accuracy of estimating of
skeletal age. Thin layer CT images are more sensitive and
clear to show the ossification centers and epiphyseal closure
states. With 2D and 3D CT recombination technology, the
accuracy of the film reading distinctly improves by making
the shape, size and position of epiphysis displayed clearly.
Objective The purpose of this study is to investigate thin layer
CT scan and image reconstruction in analyzing the course
from secondary ossification center appearance to epiphyseal
KEYWORDS
F O R E N S I C A N T H R O P O L O G Y;
TOMOGRAPHY, SPIRAL COMPUTED; STERNAL END
OF CLAVICLE
O 07-3
ASSESSING THE DISCRIMINATION OF HUMAN BONE
FROM NON-HUMAN BONE USING BONE HISTOLOGY
Hae-Joung Cho1, 2 , Gil-Soo Kim1, Su-Hwan Lee1, Yi-Suk Kim2
1
Central Identification Laboratory, MND Agency for KIA
Recovery and Identification, Seoul, Korea (South); 2Forensic
Anthropological Laboratory & Department of Anatomy, Ewha
Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (South)
Histological approaches can be applied to distinguish human
and non-human bone. Every species have their own specific
bone microstructures. However, the previous methods for
observing microstructures were difficult to distinguish human
295
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 15 (Wed)
Ya-Hui Wang, Lei Wan, Chong-Liang Ying, Guang-You Zhu
Clinical Forensic Medicine, Institute of Forensic Sciences,
Ministry of Justice, People’s Republic of China, Shanghai, China
closure of sternal end of clavicle and explore its application
value in bone age identification. To establish a CT staging
method of sternal end of clavicle epiphyseal growth for
teenagers by thin layer CT scan, multiplanar reconstruction
(MPR) and volume reconstruction (VR) technologies.
Method The evaluation of the ossification of medial epiphysis
of the clavicle has been described according to the study
group on Forensic Age Diagnostics. The CT imaging
characteristics, which collected from 460 teenagers (aged
from 15to 25) in East and South China, were studied through
both sternal ends of clavicles’imagings by thin layer coronal
CT scan and axial CT scan, MPR and VR technologies. The
parameters of sternal end of clavicle including the longest
diameter of epiphysis, the longest diameter of metaphysis,
their length ratio, area of epiphysis, area of metaphysis,
and their area ratio were measured and calculated in
order to establish new classification. Results Based on the
staging method of Schmeling, integrating the CT imaging
reconstruction information of sternal end of clavicle, the
new classification of sternal end of clavicle epiphyseal
growth were divided into 1 to 5 stages. Stage 2 and stage 3,
respectively, contained a, b and c sub-classification. Also, in
same age group, it was stated that the length ratio and area
ratio of epiphyseal and sternal end has significant difference
in genders. Conclusion This new classification has merits of
large sample size, wide age range and easy operability. By
using CT imaging reconstruction techniques and analyzing
the data which closely related to sternal end of clavicle
epiphyseal growth of teenagers, the feasibility of the staging
method could be increased.
WFF2014
bones from non-human bones especially when bones were
found in fragmented status. The aim of this study is to assess
the discrimination of human and non-human bones using
short or fragment bones which are found in the field outside,
and on the mountain in particular. Three analytical criteria
and six histomorphological features have been marked in the
process of our study. Three gross analytical criteria consist
of animal bone, human hone, and unknown bone. And six
histomorphological features are as follows : plexiform bone,
primary osteon, osteon band up to seven, secondary osteon,
triangular arrangement, and atypical secondary osteon (type
II or double zone osteon). The result present that 64.9%
of human bones and 10.5% of non-human bones were
identified by above process using both gross analytical and
histomorphological criteria. Meanwhile, 21.1% of bones
could be identified as human bones only by applying gross
analytical criteria without histomorphological analysis. Also,
3.5% of bones were unknown bones according to the former
process but they were confirmed as non-human bones by
the latter histologic analysis, finally. The total of 57 short
or fragment bone specimens were analyzed in this study.
Further studies are expected to support the usefulness of
histomorphological analysis when small or fragment bones
were dealt with.
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 15 (Wed)
KEYWORDS BONE HISTOLOGY; HUMAN AND NONHUMAN; DISCRIMINATION
O 07-4
ESTIMATION OF STATURE FROM FOOTWEAR
IMPRESSIONS
Chengqing Tang
Forensic Science, National Police University of China,
Shenyang, China
Footwear impressions are often found in crime scenes and
can be utilized for both the examination of footwear evidence
and the profiling of the suspect who left them behind during
committing the crime. The object of this research is to
study the relation between footwear impressions made by
different types of shoes and the length of the feet wearing
them so that the body height of the wearer can be estimated
accurately no matter what type of shoes they wear. A variety
of shoes of different shoe sizes were chosen. The volunteers
wearing those shoes were directed to walk normally on top
of white paper and the inked standard footwear impressions
were made. The length of the shoeprints were measured
and noted as well as the height and the length of the foot of
296
those who wear the shoes. The pattern designs of those shoes
used in this study were first analyzed to see if there could
be any correlation to foot length of the wearer. Then all the
previously measured data were statistically analyzed with the
software SPSS Version 13. Through examining the shoes, it is
showed that some designs are well related to the length of the
foot wearing them. The stature calculated by the regression
equation derived from the data is also satisfactory.
STATURE; FOOTWEAR IMPRESSIONS;
TYPE OF SHOE
KEYWORDS
O 07-5
THE INFLUENCE OF DECOMPOSITION FLUIDS ON
THE DEGRADATION OF CLOTHING TEXTILES IN
SOIL GRAVES
Maiken Ueland, Shari L. Forbes, Barbara H. Stuart
Centre for Forensic Science, University of Technology Sydney,
Sydney, Australia
A clandestine burial may be accompanied by materials such
as clothing or other textiles. Such items may potentially
provide valuable information that establishes the time since
death or the nature of the disposal of human remains. The
burial environment to which these materials are exposed is
responsible for the varying degrees of preservation or the
rate at which materials degrade in a burial environment. The
acceleration or inhibition of textile degradation affects the
interpretation of a burial site.
Of interest in this study was the influence of body
decomposition fluids on textile degradation. It was proposed
that the presence of a decomposing body would inhibit textile
degradation due to the leaching of decomposition fluid into
the fabric. The aim of this project was to analyse textile
samples with and without decomposing remains in order to
understand the effects of the remains on textile degradation
patterns.
Pig carcasses were deposited on a soil surface clothed in
three different textile types : cotton, polyester and a cottonpolyester blend. The clothing was examined visually and
characterised using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR)
spectroscopy. The lipid profiles of the decomposition byproducts present in the experimental textile samples were
also analysed using FTIR spectroscopy and subsequently
analysed using gas chromatography - mass spectroscopy
(GC-MS). Distinctions between the experimental and control
groups were made based on both visual and chemical results.
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
CLANDESTINE BURIALS; FOURIER
TRANSFORM INFRARED (FTIR) SPECTROSCOPY;
GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY - MASS SPECTROSCOPY
(GC-MS)
KEYWORDS
O 07-6
A PITFALL OF RADIOCARBON ANALYSIS : BODIES
EMBALMED BY FORMALDEHYDE
Seung-Gyu Choi1, Ho-Hyeon Gong1, Sung-Jin Cho1, Hyung
Nam Goo1, Jong-Pil Park2 , Jiyoon Shin2 , Yi-Suk Kim3 , DaeKyoon Park4 , U-Young Lee5 , Nak-Eun Chung1
1
Department of Forensic Medicine Investigation, National
Forensic Service, Seoul Office, Seoul, Korea (South); 2Medical
Examiner’s Office, National Forensic Service, Seoul Office,
Seoul, Korea (South); 3Department of Anatomy, Ewha Womans
University, Seoul, Korea (South); 4Department of Anatomy,
Soonchunhyang University, Seoul, Korea (South); 5Department
of Anatomy and Catholic Institute for Applied Anatomy, The
Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (South)
KEYWORDS
RADIOCARBON; FORENSIC
ANTHROPOLOGY; AGE ESTIMATION
ORAL PRESENTATION 08
QUESTIONED DOCUMENT (QD):
PAPER / INK / FORGERY
O 08-1
ALTERED UK ENTRY PERMITS
Muna Alsuwaidi
General Department of Forensic Science and Criminology,
Dubai Police Head Quarter, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
The Questioned Documents Section, in Dubai Police the
General Department of Forensic Science and Criminology,
received an interesting and unique case comprising four
questioned Afghani passports, each of which had a UK
entry permit attached. By examining the passports using
magnifying glasses and a Video Spectral Comparator (VSC
6000), it was found that all of the passports were genuine.
By examining the questioned entry permits, it was found
that all expected security features were present and genuine.
However, slight irregularities were observed around one digit
of the serial number of each permit, as follows; paper fiber
disturbance, misregistration in the fine lines (guilloche), and
luminescence properties. Nevertheless, the quality of printing
of the questioned figure was letterpress and identical to that
of the genuine one. From the above observations, it was
concluded that the UK entry permit in each Afghani passport
had been stolen blank and altered by erasing one digit of the
297
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 15 (Wed)
Radioactive isotope analysis is a very useful method in
many disciplines from archaeology to forensic anthropology.
Initially, radiocarbon dating was used to prove the
authenticity of artifacts or historical findings up to about 50,
000 years old. Recently, forensic investigation employed
this method in order to estimate a biological profile of
human skeletal materials with ages of less than 50 years.
It is made possible by the above ground nuclear bomb test
in 1963, which raise the level of atmospheric radiocarbon
concentration to about twice the natural level. Since the
annually measured tropospheric 14C concentrations are
integrated into the bomb peak curve, estimating the time
since death can be done by comparing radiocarbon content of
sample to the bomb-curve value.
In Nov. 2013, about 1500 human remains have been
excavated including three complete bodies at a construction
site of a medical school. For medico-legal purposes, we’ve
conducted anthropological examination for all human
remains and autopsies for three complete bodies. External
examination of three complete bodies represented strong
evidence that these bodies might have been used as cadavers.
For example, saw marks on the skull, puncture wound for
embalming, and formaldehyde detection from several organs
such as blood, spleen, muscle and skeleton. Considering that
the dissection of a human body was performed no sooner
than 1900s in Republic of Korea, we assumed that the time
since death for these human remains were less than 50 years.
However, the radiocarbon analysis that we did with samples
on teeth, femur shaft (compact bone), femur head (spongy
bone), lumbar spine (spongy bone), spleen, and hair of three
human remains didn’t meet our expectations. The preliminary
test done by Korea Institute of Geosicence and Mineral
Resources revealed that 14 C values of body-1 matched
with the known values of Joseon Dynasty. After conducting
additional investigation, we concluded that the formaldehyde
in embalming fluids as a major source of error that might
cause the false interpretation of data.
The authors in this study agree that the modern carbon
analysis is undoubtedly a reliable method for age estimation
of human skeletal, especially around the year of 1963. Yet,
there are exceptional circumstances where the method might
not run to completion. Therefore, careful consideration
should be given to the interpretation of the radiocarbon data.
WFF2014
serial number and then covering it with a different figure
taken from a genuine permit. The alteration was most likely
performed to overcome the problem of the serial number
matching those on the stolen blank permit blacklist.
The erasure and alteration techniques used for forging the
mentioned permits were very accurate and neat, and proved
highly difficult to detect by the airports authorities.
KEYWORDS
ALTERATION; BLANK STOLEN PERMIT;
ERASURE
O 08-2
ANALYZING THE RELATIVE AGE OF PAPER BY
BIOTECHNOLOGY
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 15 (Wed)
Meng Zhaoyang
Liaoning Police Academy, Criminal Technology Department,
Dalian, China
Purposes of research : To develop the method for determining
relative age needed for the paper formation via the use of
some biotechniques, and provide the new ways and ideas for
the identification of questioned documents age.
Results : Along with the time increament of paper formation,
the level of reducing sugar in the paper elevated while the
degree of its polymerization decreased. Meanwhile, the
number of bacterial and mold colonies went up.
Conclusions : The inspection and identification of different
types of paper with varied relative age could be carried
out using biotechnological methods such as cellulose
enzymolysis, viscometric assays, and microbiological
techniques.This also provided a method and idea for applying
the biotechniques to deduce the relative age of paper.
KEYWORDS
PAPER; RELATIVE AGE; BIOTECHNIQUES
O 08-3
DEVELOPMENT OF INFRARED SPECTROSCOPIC
IMAGING APPARATUS SUITABLE FOR DOCUMENT
EXAMINATION
Shigeru Sugawara1, Masaru Fujiwara2 , Yo Suzuki2 ,
Yoshihiko Nakayama3 , Ichiro Ishimaru2
1
Fourth Department of Forensic Science, National Research
Institute of Police Science, Kashiwa, Japan; 2Faculty of
Engineering, Kagawa University, Takamatsu, Japan; 3Product
Development Department, Aoi Electronics.co., ltd., Takamatsu,
Japan
298
In document examination deciphering of obliterated
writing and detection of counterfeit or altered documents
are performed by using the visible and near infrared
hyperspectral photography and fluorescent photography of
0.4 ~ 1μm wavelength. However only by using light of the
conventional wavelength, depending on the combination of
colorants used on the document, deciphering and detection
were impossible because difference of spectra between
the colorants was sometimes too small. By using longerwavelength light hyperspectral photography, i.e. infrared
light hyperspectral photography of 1~14μm wavelength, it
was considered that the deciphering and the detection will
become possible. It is because the difference of the spectrum
often exists in the infrared region even when the colorants
have similar spectrum in the visible region. But the apparatus
that takes the infrared hyperspectral photography of large
sample is not available now. We are now developing the
wide view fourier transform infrared imaging apparatus, with
which the infrared hyperspectral imaging of large sample can
be measured in a short time. The test measurements of ink,
toners, and the films are conducted with the apparatus. In
this presentation, the results of the test measurements will be
shown. And the usability of infrared hyperspectral imaging
will be discussed.
QUESTIONED DOCUMENT; INFRARED
HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGING; DETECTION OF
ALTERED DOCUMENTS
KEYWORDS
O 08-4
CHEMICAL VARIABILITY OF MODERN DAY PEN
INKS BY RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY
Andre Braz, Maria Lopez-Lopez, Carmen Garcia-Ruiz
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry
and Chemical Engeneering, University Institute of Research
in Police Sciences (IUICP) - University of Alcalá, Alcalá de
Henares (Madrid), Spain
During the chemical analysis of writing pen inks, it is often
assumed that one ink sample is representative of a certain
brand/model of pens. However, this conjecture does not
account for the diverse sources of variations introduced in the
many and complex formulations of modern day inks. For a
better assessment of the evidential value of ink examinations
in questioned document cases, this presentation describes
the variability in the Raman spectral signature among pens
with different ink formula types (oil, liquid, gel-based
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
and other combinations), between brands of the same ink
type (inter-brand variability), between models of the same
brand (intra-brand variability), between batches within the
same model (inter-batches variability) and within batch
(intra-batch variability). Overall, results showed that some
pen samples have characteristic Raman signatures. More
specifically, the inter-brand variability of oil-based samples
was small, which makes it more difficult to discriminate
by brand. On the contrary, gel and liquid-based samples
showed large inter-brand variability for most samples, thus
they are easier to discriminate by brand. Regarding the
other-based samples (lubriglide, easyglide, etc), samples
either showed similarities to other ink formula types or they
showed a singular spectral signature. The Pilot pens showed
exceptionally different Raman signatures from other brands,
presenting overall large inter and intra-brand variability.
The large inter-batch variability observed for the Bic
Crystal Medium demonstrated that systematic changes and
actualizations are introduced in the chemical formulation of
these pens every year and sometimes, during the year. Intrabatch variability was small and no differences were observed
in the Raman spectra of pens produced in the same batch,
which suggest chemical homogeneity. This study showed
that the chemical composition of modern day inks is very
complex and constantly changing due to many factors, which
document examiners must carefully be aware and consider
during the interpretation process.
O 08-6
HOW MUCH CAN A FORENSIC LAB DO IN
DISCRIMINATING BALLPOINT INKS?
Qiran Sun, Yiwen Luo, Qinghua Zhang, Che Xu
Criminalistics, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice,
P.r. China, Shanghai, China
Ink dating is an important but difficult task for forensic
examiners world wide. There is a growing need of dating ink
entries from the courts, while the current ink dating methods
are far from practicable. Due to a variety of influence factors
existing in the ink dating, only between the ink entries written
with the same ink and on the same paper can a relative ink
dating analysis be performed. Then, to distinguish whether
the questioned ink entries have the same ink formula with
the known ones is the first priority before comparing their
relative ages. Blue ballpoint ink entries are the common
KEYWORDS INK DISCRIMINATION; INK DATING;
QUESTIONED DOCUMENT EXAMINATION
ORAL PRESENTATION 09
MASS DISASTER (MD):
ROLE OF FORENSIC PATHOLOGY IN DVI, CASES
OF MASS DISASTER
O 09-1
THE IMPACT OF ASIAN TSUNAMI 2004 ON
REDEFINING THE ROLE OF FORENSIC
PATHOLOGIST IN MASS DISASTERS – SOUTH ASIAN
STORY OF A DECADE
Clifford Perera1, Christopher Briggs2 , Stephen Cordner3
1
Dept. Of Forensic Medicine, University of Ruhuna Sri Lanka,
Galle, Sri Lanka; 2Dept. Of Anatomy and Neuroscience,
University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; 3Victorian
Institute of Forensic Medicine, Melbourne, Australia
Human life and its existence on the planet earth have been
increasingly challenged by the occurrence of mass disasters
in the modern world. Management of a mass disaster in
contemporary standards is a multidisciplinary effort and the
forensic pathology as a specific field has a definitive and nondelegatory task to perform.
The first decade of the 21st century will go down in history
as an era of major disasters, which occurred in all corners
of the world from 9/11 disaster to London bombings, from
299
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 15 (Wed)
KEYWORDS PEN INK; RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY;
VARIABILITY
samples in questioned document examination. Many methods
have been developed to discriminate blue ballpoint inks,
for example, UV-visible spectroscopy, Raman and infrared
spectroscopy, TLC, CE, HPLC (/MS), GC/MS, LDI-MS, and
so on. However, in the forensic practice, how many methods
are necessary to discriminate the questioned ink entries?
In the present study, the ink entries drawn by eighteen blue
ballpoint pens were analyzed by microscope, UV-visible
spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, TLC, HPLC-MS/MS
and GC/MS sequentially. As a result, none of the 6 methods
could discriminate all the eighteen ink entries alone, but their
combination could. Since blue ballpoint inks are complex
mixtures which contain dyes, solvents, resins and other
ingredients, analyzing methods targeting at different aspects
(i.e. the overall color, solvents, dyes, and the trace made by
the penpoint) of ballpoint ink can be combined to achieve an
effective discrimination of the questioned ink entries.
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 15 (Wed)
WFF2014
Asian Tsunami to hurricane Katrina, from earthquakes in
India, Iran, Pakistan, China and Haiti to cyclones and floods
in Bangladesh and Myanmar and many low grade countless
events witnessed in other Asian and African counties.
The unavoidable common factor of all these disasters was
the massive number of casualties and deceased witnessed
within a very short period of the incident. The effective
intervention of government agencies to manage casualties in
the immediate aftermath of a mega disaster is often restricted
by many technical and circumstantial factors.
As reiterated by the Royal College of pathologists United
Kingdom, from the pathologist’s point of view, the definition
of a Major Disaster is an episode in which the number
of fatalities is in excess of that which can be dealt with
using the normal mortuary facilities. Accordingly effective
contribution to manage dead and their related issues is the
role of a forensic pathologist. The management of dead in
a mass disaster is a medico-legal emergency for a forensic
pathologist and he/she must be a valued partner of the
preparation and activation of an emergency plan dealing with
multiple fatalities of a major disaster.
In a disaster situation survivors are given priority over
deceased in any health care system. However as the survivors
have a right for health care assistance, the deceased also have
the right for proper identification and dignified disposal. In
the current context a mere disposal of dead is not advisable
after a major disaster as many other physical, psychosocial,
religious and cultural issues related to them and survivors
need to be resolved urgently. The whole process of handling
deceased appropriately in a post-disaster period to minimize
the impact of above issues is comprehensively termed as
“management of dead”. The Asian Tsunami 2004 was the
first major opportunity to rehearse the effectivity and the
application of this concept.
It should be remembered that proper management of dead
is one of the main pillars of a successful disaster response.
It has gained marked significance during Asian tsunami
2004. The post Asian Tsunami events made a paradigm shift
in the conceptual model and the activity level of forensic
pathologists throughout the affected region by creating
opportunities to work interactively for a prolong period and
share experiences and resources through various professional
networks. This paper intends to analyze deeply the role of a
forensic pathologist in managing dead in a mass disaster and
its ramifications in south Asian context over the last decade.
O 09-2
MASS DISASTER; MANAGEMENT OF
DEAD; PATHOLOGIST
O 09-3
KEYWORDS
300
AUTOPSY IN DISASTER VICTIM IDENTIFICATION - IS
IT REALLY NECESSARY?
Chen Kugel1, Maya Furman-Reznic2 , Alon Krispin1, Ori
Eytan1
1
Forensic Medicine, National Institute of Forensic Medicine,
Tel-Aviv, Israel; 2Forensic Medicine, Independant, Tel-Aviv,
Israel
According to standard guidelines, such as those of the
Interpol, an autopsy is an integral part of disaster victim
identification (DVI). Autopsy is a time and resource
consuming procedure. These are very precious during multi
casualty events (MCE), when there is urgency to identify the
deceased, due to public interest. Beyond the need to identify
the bodies in order to investigate the incident, in many
countries there is a religious and cultural demand for prompt
burial, which requires expedition of the process.
While it is clear that an autopsy has a major role in
investigating the cause of death, we question the contribution
of a complete autopsy for the identification of bodies in MCE.
Therefore, we studied the files of 1589 MCE victims
examined at the Israeli National Institute of Forensic
Medicine (NIFM) during the years 2001 -2013, and evaluated
the contribution of autopsies to the identification process.
Of these, 1301 were victims of terrorist attacks. Autopsies
were performed in 255 of these cases, while the rest were
treated according to common local practice in such events :
detailed external examination, photographic documentation,
fingerprinting, blood/tissue sampling for DNA extraction,
examination of denture and radiological studies. All victims
were identified according to scientific standards.
Of all the cases in which autopsy was performed, only in five
(1.96%) the autopsy revealed findings that were crucial for
the identification of the victim.
Accordingly, we conclude that in MCE when there is a
preference for rapid burial over a thorough investigation of
the incident, for purposes of identification, it is acceptable
to perform external examination of the bodies with ancillary
procedures, rather than a complete detailed autopsy.
KEYWORDS MASS DISASTER; IDENTIFICATION;
PROTOCOL
DO FORENSIC INVESTIGATIONS EVALUATE THE
AIR CRAFT TRAGEDY WHICH HAPPENED 15 YEARS
BACK IN THE INDIAN OCEAN?
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
Ananda Samarasekara1, Prasanna Dasanayake2 , Amal
Vadysinghe3 , Uthpala Atygalle4 , Muditha Vidanapathirana5 ,
Hadun Wijewardena6
1
Consultant Judicial Medical Officer, Nfth, Malambe, Sri Lanka;
2
Consultant Judicial Medical Officer, Base Hospital, Panadura,
Sri Lanka; 3Senior Lecturer, Department of Forensic Medicine,
Peradeniya, Sri Lanka; 4Consultant Judicial Medical Officer,
Ilmt, Colombo, Sri Lanka; 5Senior Lecturer, Department of
Forensic Medicine, Jayawardenapura, Sri Lanka; 6Consultant
Judicial Medical Officer, Base Hospital, Embilipitiya, Sri Lanka
KEYWORDS A I R C R A F T T R A G E D Y; F O R E N S I C
INVESTIGATION; MASS DISASTER
O 09-4
POSITIVE DISASTER VICTIM IDENTIFICATION IN
JEDDAH FLOODS, KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA:
EXCEPTIONAL EXPERIENCE OF FORENSIC
MEDICINE TEAMS
Jeddah had suffered from two unprecedented consecutive
flood disasters during the past few years, which yield some
major community and economic consequences. These major
incidents required a full cooperation between the related
ministries to accomplish the best disaster victim identification
“DVI” procedures, the Forensic Medicine Department at the
Ministry of Interior “MOI” represented by the Administration
of Criminal Evidence “ACE” in Jeddah, and the Ministry of
Health “MOH” represented by Jeddah Forensic Medicine
Center “JFMC”, and supported by the corresponding
laboratories.
Disaster victim identification of floods’ victims was a
real challenge for forensic medical examiners in Jeddah,
especially after prolonged postmortem interval to the time of
remains’ discovery which extended for few weeks after the
original incident due to their burial under the mud combined
with old human bodies transported together with the floods
due to massive mud slide of nearby old cemeteries. The
forensic medicine teams managed these cases through a
unified protocol for victim identification including personal
visual identification for the families and relatives, appropriate
field collection of human remains, forensic management of
dead bodies including forensic autopsy of some individuals,
evaluation of the different patterns of injuries positive
identification through and certification of the cause of death.
This multidisciplinary work yielded the best results we could
ever imagine with positive identification of nearly 99%
the reported missed victims. Efforts from both ministries
included information management, long-term storage and
disposal of dead bodies, and integration for communications
with the Media.
The families who suffered damage or loss to property were
fully compensated by either the insurance or the government,
while the dead casualties were compensated by the
government by an amount of one million riyals per person.
The inter-ministerial Forensic Medicine Team was also
involved in legal issues and performed multiple exhumations
of early buried flood victims for positive identification,
definite death certification and justified compensations.
KEYWORDS
DISASTER; IDENTIFICATION; FORENSIC
O 09-5
Khalid Yousef Mattar1, Mamdouh Kamal Zaki1
1
Head of Forensic Medicine Department, Forensic Evidence
Administration, Ministry of Interior, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia;
2
Senior Forensic Medical Examiner, Jeddah Forensic Medicine
DVI TEAM OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC - PAST,
PRESENT, FUTURE
Petr Bendl, Tomas Doubek, Petr Svarc
301
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 15 (Wed)
Aircraft tragedies are an area of concern for public, law
enforcement authorities and defense, groups involved
in human rights, persons connected with aviation etc. It
becomes more questionable when it happens to a civil
air craft during the time of war. The reasons behind the
tragedy and identification of humans are the most important
two aspects of forensic investigation. The loss of forensic
evidence is inevitable with lapse of time and especially debris
in an environment where constant changes occur, like water.
The investigation of a civilian air craft ANTONOV belonging
to LION AIR-operated in Sri Lanka, done nearly 15 years
after the disaster, said to be due to a terrorist attack while in
the air and debris deposited in the sea.
Analysis of dispersion of debris, pattern of destruction of the
engine and body and circumstantial evidence suggested that
it was due to striking of heat seeking Surface to Air missiles
(SAM) shoulder type in the air.
Identification of individuals was a step wise process through
clothes and personal effects, skeletal analysis including
Forensic Odontology and DNA.
In this paper an attempt has been made to emphasize the
importance of a comprehensive forensic investigation with
multidisciplinary approach including local and foreign
expertise in order to address the issues in a justifiable manner.
Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
WFF2014
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 15 (Wed)
Dvi Team, Institution of Criminalistics Prague, Prague, Czech
Republic
Issues related to building teams for mass disaster victims
identification were not solved in the former Czechoslovakia
in the past. The last big aircraft accident was that of near the
city of Bratislava, which claimed 77 fatalities. The question
of identification with so many victims has not been addressed
since in Czechoslovakia or then in the Czech Republic. The
first activity took place after tsunami in Southeast Asia at
Christmas 2005, where Czech nationals died as well. Setting
up the basic structure of DVI team was conducive to the
involvement in international organizations in Thailand and
particularly for identification of all six Czech victims.
In 2012, the Institute of Criminalistics Prague joined the
program of Swiss - Czech cooperation, where the project
“DVI Team of the Police of the Czech Republic - theoretical
and practical preparation and technical support” was created.
The objective of the project is to establish the DVI team in
the Czech Republic, provision of material support, training of
DVI members and the creation of the training program.
The presentation is aimed to inform the expert public about
the present state of the building of the Czech DVI team. There
have been progressive changes especially in cooperation
with the Swiss partner during the last two years. Currently,
the Czech Republic has already the operational DVI team
that is able to perform mass disaster victims identification
anywhere. The presentation can also give an example to other
Eastern European states that do not have yet their special
identification team for disaster victim identification.
KEYWORDS DVI TEAM; IDENTIFICATION; MASS
DISASTERS
O 09-6
ESTABLISHING CAUSE OF DEATH AND SURVIVAL
TIME IN A SANTIAGO PRISON FIRE WITH MASS
CASUALTIES
Luis Ravanal Zepeda
Medical, Forenses Chile, Santiago, Chile
A major fire in a prison in Santiago, Chile on the 8th
December 2010 resulted in the death of 81 inmates. The fire
followed an internal riot and was started by the prisoners.
Overcrowding and the poor infrastructure of the building
were thought to be major factors in why the fire spread so
rapidly and why so many men died before they could be
rescued. The deaths were attributed to a combination of
302
smoke inhalation, the effects of heat and the lack of oxygen.
Post mortem examination showed varying degrees of damage
to the bodies depending on their proximity to the fire, some
with complete charring and others with only superficial
burns. CO and cyanide were measured in each case but
generally the levels were much lower than anticipated,
leading to the need to implicate additional factors in the
deaths and making estimation of survival time all the more
difficult.
This paper presents the results of the criminal investigation
into the fire which identified the mass and rapid death from
multiple factors of a group of trapped prisoners. It also
highlights the gases produced in the combustion of synthetic
polymers and the need for these to be looked for in the post
mortem analysis.
KEYWORDS
FIRE; PRISON; SMOKE
O 09-7
MANMADE VERSUS NATURAL DISASTER:
DIFFERENT IDENTIFICATION METHODS AND
RESULT?
Oktavinda Safitry
Forensic and Medicolegal Studies Department, Faculty of
Medicine University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
Background : Many types of disaster had happened in
Indonesia, manmade and natural. In all cases, the DVI team
was summoned to help in identifying the dead victims.
This research was done to know the differences of the
identification result and the identification methods used
between manmade and natural disaster in Indonesia. Method
This was a descriptive quantitative retrospective research by
examining the DVI operation reports. Result There were 21
DVI reports available on disaster happened in Indonesia from
2001 to 2013. There were bombing, airplane crash, ship sink,
train crash, tsunami, earthquake, volcano eruption, and dam
break. In bombing cases 100% victim was identified whereas
only 3 out of 6 airline crashes was 100% identified. None of
4 ships sinking that the victim were 100% identified. From
the DVI process in natural disaster, only one case that had
100% successful identification, the other varies between 1,
3% to 96, 7%. Phase 1-5 was done in all of the DVI operation.
Visual identification was not used in manmade disaster but
still used in several natural disasters. DNA was the main
identifier in all bombing cases, less used in other manmade
disaster, and was not used in natural disaster. Conclusion
Indonesian DVI team had done their best in performing DVI
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
phases. There were differences in the identification method
used and the result. The difference in method was caused by
due to various causes including the type of the disaster itself,
the course of the corpses, and problem in resources. The
methods use did not affect the percentage of number of victim
identified. Less successful result was mostly caused by lack
of AM data.
KEYWORDS
DVI; MASS DISASTER; IDENTIFICATION
METHOD
ORAL PRESENTATION 10
FORENSIC ENGINEERING SCIENCE / GUN/
FIREARMS (ES/GF): FORENSIC SCIENCE /
FIREARMS AND EXPLOSIVE
O 10-1
A FUNDAMENTAL ANALYSIS OF BLOODSTAIN
PATTERNS ON TEXTILE MATERIALS
Feng Ji, Namrata Parekh, Stephen Michielsen
Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, North Carolina
State University, Raleigh, United States
It was found that at the instant of impact, the bloodstain
pattern was nearly identical on the fabric as on a hard surface.
However, as soon as a blood drop hits the fabric, it begins to
spread on the fabric surface and subsequently wicks into the
fabric. Bloodstains on the knit fabric develop in less than 20
seconds and are nearly circular if the drop falls on the fabric
perpendicular to its surface. On the other hand, bloodstains
develop slowly, taking more than 5 minutes on the plainwoven fabric; they have an irregular shape with considerable
distortion and jagged edges. As the blood wicks into the
fabric, the spreading stain merges with many of the satellite
stains and spines, essentially erasing much of the original
impact information. We attempt to explain these results based
on the yarn and fabric construction.
In addition, experiments were performed using two pieces of
fabric stacked on top of each other. When the top and bottom
fabric are the same, the bloodstain pattern is nearly identical
to the single fabric results. However, when a knit fabric is the
top layer and the plain-woven fabric is the bottom layer, the
stain is large on the knit fabric but very small on the plainwoven fabric. If the plain-woven fabric is the top layer and
the knit is the bottom layer, the stain is again large on the knit
fabric even though the blood was applied to the plain-woven
fabric. These findings will be explained based on the fabric
construction.
KEYWORDS
O 10-2
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 15 (Wed)
When a blood drop impacts onto a hard surface, the resulting
bloodstain pattern can be used to determine the origin of the
blood drop and to help determine the cause of the bloodletting
event. When a similar drop impacts onto a textile, it is often
impossible to form a definitive analysis due to the texture and
wicking by the textile, which can alter the bloodstain pattern.
We report the results of our studies of bloodstain pattern
development on plain-woven cotton bed sheet fabric and
cotton jersey knit fabric used to make T-shirts where we have
used a modified ASTM F1819-07 synthetic blood recipe
whose viscosity and surface tension match those of human
blood.
A blood drop tower has been constructed with two fixed
drop heights, 0.5 and 1.5 m, with variable impact angles and
with the ability to control the fabric warp direction. Two
video cameras monitor the bloodstain development and are
mounted at identical angles to the fabric, one monitoring
the impact side and the other monitoring the reverse side. A
high-speed video camera has been used to verify that single
blood drop of specific volute within the range 10-100µl were
dispensed with no accompanying drops. The high-speed
camera was also used to observe the impact of blood drops on
the fabric and development of spines.
BPA; BLOODSTAINS; TEXTILES
FORENSIC DRONE: A NEW WEAPON IN THE
BRAZILIAN CRIME SCENE
Rodrigo Cerello, Rodrigo Mayrink, Carlos Alberto
Trindade, Mauro Neves
Departamento De Policia Federal, Setor Tecnico Cientifico,
Belo Horizonte, Brazil
This document presents a summary of how the Forensic
Division of the Brazilian Federal Police has been working
on developing a cost-effective Unmanned Aerial Vehicle –
UAV with onboard sensor system in order to acquire aerial
imagery applied for photogrammetry[1] reconstruction, as
well as, present some of the forensic applications and benefits
achieved by this project illustrated by some real cases.
UAVs, also referred as Drones, are revolutionary tools
that can aid in crime elucidation and have several forensic
adhibition involving case analysis of knowledge areas such
as Crime Scene, Vehicular Accident, Post Explosion, Civil
Engineer Work, Soil Occupation of restricted areas, Wildfires
303
WFF2014
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 15 (Wed)
Investigation and Illegal Mining among others. Added to this,
such devices bring advantages that generate improvement
in the evidence quality (aerial images with better temporal
and spatial resolution compared with satellite), productivity
increase (a detailed topographic survey can be generated
in minutes), resource savings (one UAV can cost less than
one hour flight of a manned aircraft or a single satellite
image) and risk exposure reduction (hard-to-reach places or
inaccessible).
In this context, the project’s result was an aircraft based
on a hexacopter frame with brushless electric motors,
controlled by Arduino board and open source software that
makes possible autonomously fly over a pre-determined
area. In terms of sensor, a low cost Compact CCD camera
with 16 Megapixels was adapted for time lapse pictures and
attached to the platform by a vibration reduction support.
The generated imagery response can produce photomosaic
and digital terrain model (DTM) used for illustrate or even
determine measures such as distances, areas or volumes of a
crime scene. Applied to several real cases, the project is now
a reality that keeps growing and generating new possibilities
in terms of remote sensing.
[1] Photogrammetry is the science, technology and art of
obtaining reliable information from noncontact imaging and
other sensor systems about the Earth and its environment,
and other physical objects and processes through recording,
measuring, analysing and representation (ISPRS International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote
Sensing).
KEYWORDS
UAV; DRONE; PHOTOGRAMMETRY
O 10-3
THE EXPLOSIVES RESIDUE ANALYSIS BY ULTRA
PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHYQUADRUPOLE/TIME OF FLIGHT MASS
SPECTROMETRY
Hyung-Seung Kim
Scientific Investigation Laboratory, MND Crime Investigation
Command, Seoul, Korea (South)
We developed the analysis method of the explosives
residue on debris at the accident revenue. The explosive
compounds; TNT, nitroglycerin (NG), RDX, HMX, Tetryl
are very thermolible and sensitive on impacts, therefore the
common method for chemical analysis is not roper to detect
the explosives residue. We had many tried to detect reliably
the explosives residue which was the concentration of low
304
ppb. At least we developed the method by ultra performance
liquid chromatography-quadrupole/Time of Flight (UPLC-Q/
TOF) mass spectrometry. The limit of quantification of the
method were 1 ~ 10 ng/mL of the each explosive compounds
as low as undetected by any other method. The selectivity of
the method was made 4 identification points (IPs) through
clustering of Cl isotope ion; [M+Cl35]- and [M+Cl37]-.
After establishing the method, we applied it to many case.
First, we detected NG on the objects of firearm accident as
the organic GSR (o-GSR). The detected concentration of NG
was 10 ~ 500 ng/mL and we was able to assume the pose of
firing. Second, we examined a broken metallic piece which
comes from the air into agriculture field. Although near by the
artillery shooting field, it was very far distance. We detected
the explosive on the metallic piece as a shell splinter and
changed the artillery drill manual.
KEYWORDS EXPLOSIVES RESIDUE; QUADRUPOLE/
TIME OF FLIGHT MASS SPECTROMETRY; CL
ISOTOPE ION CLUSTER
O 10-4
ONE BULLET OR TWO?
Luis Ravanal Zepeda
Medical, Forenses Chile, Santiago, Chile
On the afternoon of 11th September 1973 Chilean President
Salvador Allende was found dead in the Presidential Palace
which was under attack following a military coup. Accepted
history is that he took his own life by placing a high velocity
rifle under his chin and firing a single shot upwards.
Continuing rumours challenging this assumption, supported
by recent medical evidence suggesting an additional gunshot
injury to the head from a different calibre weapon, led to an
exhumation of the President’s body in 2011. This paper looks
at the findings from the post mortem examinations of 1973
and 2011 and presents evidence for the second shot, based
on fracture patterns in the skull, gunshot residue analysis
and consideration of the findings at the scene. Such evidence
would appear to rule out suicide as the mode of President
Allende’s death.
KEYWORDS
ALLENDE; CHILE; GUNSHOT
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
ORAL PRESENTATION 11
FORENSIC PATHOLOGY (PT): FORENSIC
PATHOLOGY
O 11-1
A NEW METHOD OF ESTIMATING THE TIME SINCE
DEATH IN HUMAN BODIES FOUND DECOMPOSING
AND PUTREFYING
Jarvis Hayman, Marc Oxenham
School of Anthropology & Archaeology, Australian National
University, Canberra, Australia
KEYWORDS PUTREFYING; TIME SINCE DEATH; TOTAL
BODY SCORE
HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY TO CORRELATE
FATAL DELIBERATE SELF-HARM AND PHASES OF
THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE
Haneil Dsouza1, Francis Monteiro2 , Prashantha Bhagavath1,
Shaila Bhat3 , G Pradeep Kumar1
1
Forensic Medicine, Kasturba Medical College-Manipal,
Manipal University, Manipal, India; 2Forensic Medicine, AJ
Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalore, India; 3Pathology,
Melaka Manipal Medical College, Manipal, India
Suicide is probably the most personal act anyone can
perform. Very few acts such as suicide have their roots deep
in social and human conditions, resulting in such far reaching
consequences. Suicide not only affects the single individual
who takes his life, but also this person’s immediate circle
and community at large. It is a matter of concern to people of
various categories like doctors, psychologists, social workers,
nurses, sociologists, lawyers, clergymen, teachers, the police,
writers, philosophers and politicians etc.
When it comes to gender differences, the causes and methods
of suicides vary greatly. Though in absolute numbers
more men commit suicide than women, there are various
complexities associated with female suicides.
The present study was an attempt to find out if the frequency
of suicide varies between the different phases of the
menstrual cycle based on a histopathological examination of
the uterus. It was thought that doing so would help to identify
periods of increased susceptibility towards fatal deliberate
self-harm in women especially the parasuicide victims. As
a result preventive and precautionary measures could be
taken at the earliest. It was also hoped that the study might
give a clue as to the role of reproductive hormone levels in
suicidal behaviour based on a correlation with the phases of
the menstrual cycle. Subsequently the role of hormones as a
treatment modality for suicidal tendencies may offer greater
support thereby bringing this less explored arena into the
limelight.
S U I C I D E , PA R A S U I C I D E ; FATA L
DELIBERATE SELF-HARM; MENSTRUAL PHASES
KEYWORDS
O 11-3
MYOCARDITIS-INDUCED DEATHS: A
RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF 2474 CONSECUTIVE
POST-MORTEM EXAMINATIONS PERFORMED IN
TWO MAIN ITALIAN CITIES DURING THE DECADE
2003-2012
305
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
When a human body is found decomposed, the estimation of
the time elapsed since death (TSD) is important in helping
to verify the cause of death. Objective research into the
causes and nature of decomposition has only taken place in
the last two centuries and only in the last decade has it been
recognised that if further advances are to be made in the
determination of the TSD, quantification of the process is
required.
Most research has involved attempting to estimate the TSD in
the early period after death; from the moment of death until
the body cools to ambient temperature. At the present time,
the most accurate method is the use of Henssge’s nomogram
and even after attempts to perfect it there is still an error rate
of about 1.5 hours at 7 hours and about 2.5 hours at 11 hours
after death (*Henssge, 1988). When this phase is past and
the body becomes putrefied, estimation of the TSD becomes
increasingly difficult.
This presentation will outline research which has enabled
methods to be developed to estimate the TSD in human
bodies found decomposed in Australian conditions up to 14
days after death. It depends on quantitative estimation of the
stages of decomposition of the whole body as well as certain
key organs which together give a Total Body Score. It has
been tested with a good degree of accuracy in the field and
by research at the Forensic Research Facility at Texas State
University, San Marcos. The method has the potential to be
developed to estimate the TSD in other geographical areas
and in other environmental situations in which decomposed
bodies are found.
* Henssge C. 1988, Death time estimation in case work part
1 : the rectal temperature time of death nomogram, Forensic
Science International 38 : 209-236.
O 11-2
WFF2014
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
Alessandro Bonsignore1, Sara Sblano1, Eloisa Maselli1,
Francesco Ventura2 , Francesco De Stefano2 , Alessandro Dell’
Erba1, Massimo Colonna1
1
DIM - Section of Legal Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy;
2
Legal and Forensic Medicine, University of Genova, Genova,
Italy
The World Health Organization, according to the
International Society and Federation of Cardiology, defines
myocarditis as “an inflammatory disease of the heart muscle,
diagnosed by established histological, immunological and
immunohistochemical criteria”.
Nevertheless, the diagnosis of myocarditis, which still
remains an entity to be further understood and studied by
clinicians, also represents a dilemma for pathologists.
Particularly, even if the short-term prognosis is usually
good, not infrequently, myocarditis is reported - in the death
certificates - as the primum (sometimes unique) movens in
determining the exitus.
The authors aim to ascertain the real scientific consistency
of such a phenomenon through the retrospective analysis of
2474 consecutive autopsies.
All men (1561) and women (913) aged 1-80 years who
underwent autopsy between 1 January 2003 and 31
December 2012 in the cities of Bari and Genova, Italy, were
included. The forensic autopsy rate was 78% for men and
72% for women. All the others post-mortems have been
conducted by clinical pathologists. The authors focused their
attention on 48 cases (1, 94% of all the autopsies performed)
in which a myocarditis-induced death was supposed.
The autopsy records revealed a wide distribution per age,
without significant difference between men and women. The
myocardial pattern described at microscopy led the authors
to subdivide the 48 cases into : Type A) predominance of
myocarditis in the death event (8 cases = 0, 32%); Type B)
concausal role of myocarditis in causing death (19 cases = 0,
77%); Type C) merely ancillary and incidental finding of foci
of myocarditis (21 cases = 0, 85%).
Starting from these observations, the risk of misinterpreting
non-specific foci of myocardial inflammation appears very
high and an accurate differential diagnosis not only with
acute myocardial infarction but also with many other physiopathological conditions is required.
Particularly, this preliminary study demonstrates how
paradoxically, after post-mortem examinations, myocarditis
as a cause of cardiac death could represent an overestimated
phenomenon.
Accordingly, the goal of the second step of the presented
study will be to standardize suitable forensic criteria
and parameters (histological, immunohistochemical and
306
radiological) for the diagnosis of fatal acute myocarditis in
terms of certainty, mere likelihood or even exclusion.
This in order to : 1) guarantee a uniformity in reaching
a undisputed post-mortem diagnosis of myocarditis; 2)
adequately answer the Public Prosecutor’s questions not only
about the cause and means of death, but also - and especially
- about hypotheses of medical professional liability following
failures in diagnosis and therapy.
MYOCARDITIS; CARDIAC DEATH; POSTMORTEM EXAMINATION
KEYWORDS
O 11-4
NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENTS AND MODERN
MEDICINE
Yung Chung
Medical Examiner, Lenawee County Medical Examiner’s Office,
Adrian, United States
Herbs have been used to heal the body and mind for
thousands of years. However, what began as folk medicine
is now a million dollar industry worldwide. Today, people
are taking a more active role in their health care by turning
to herbal supplements to treat a wide range of ailments from
the common cold to cancer. This increase in popularity stems
from the impression that herbs are pure and natural products
that can be manufactured as pills and capsules and available
throughout the world market. Under the current Dietary
Supplements Health and Educational Legislation in the
United States, herbal and dietary supplements are imported
as a food product and therefore do not require testing for
efficacy nor are they required to provide validated labeling
for purposes of prevention or treatment of disease. Because
of these uncontrolled and unmonitored supplements, many
inadvertent drug reactions and confounding of clinical
laboratory tests have been reported. As traditional medical
practitioners, we have to have a better understanding of
the quality, concentration, and contents of the biological
and chemical properties found in herbal or dietary
supplements and disseminate this important information
to the public consumer. This presentation will specifically
discuss an example of a sudden death as well as various
cases demonstrating adverse drug reactions resulting from
unregulated natural supplement consumption.
KEYWORDS H E R B A L S U P P L E M E N T S ; H E R B A L
MEDICINE; ADVERSE
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
O 11-5
PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE MULTI-PARAMETERS
OPTIMIZATION FOR THE ESTIMATION MODEL
OF POSTMORTEM INTERVAL WITH ARTIFICIAL
NEURAL NETWORK
Hongyang Wen
Scientific Research Center, China National Police University,
Shenyang, China
KEYWORDS POSTMORTEM INTERVAL; ARTIFICIAL
NEURAL NETWORK; MODEL OPTIMIZATION
ORAL PRESENTATION 12
CLINICAL FORENSIC MEDICINE (CFM): TBC 1
O 12-1
A CASE OF NEONATAL MORPHINE OVERDOSE?
Douglas Posey1, Ashraf Mozayani2
1
International Forensic Science Consultants, LLC, Houston,
United States; 2Administration of Justice, Texas Southern
University, Houston, United States
After attending this presentation, attendees will be familiar
307
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
The estimation of Postmortem Interval (PMI) is a
complicated work in forensic pathology normally relying
on the early and late postmortem phenomena. Traditionally
researches are mostly focusing on one sign of the chemical
change of the body. Its accuracy is affected by many external
factors such as the difficulty in quantification, lack in
quantitative factors of influence etc. This study is focusing
on the chosen multi-parameters predefined with expert
experience combined with collected case instances in real
time and using different sets of parameters in modelling
Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for the estimation of PMI.
The data were screened for incompleteness, redundancies
and evident inaccuracies. The results showed that the
optimization of multi-parameters in the estimation model of
PMI can significantly reduce the time of the analysis using
ANN modeling while maintaining its accuracy. The tuning
procedure has been described in this work.These results
further support the hypothesis that classification should
be first conducted to best utilize the domain knowledge of
forensic pathology while using ANN technique can best
support the estimation of PMI.
with the complexities of interpreting postmortem morphine
levels in neonates. Among the complicating factors to be
considered are neonatal drug metabolism, postmortem
redistribution and elevated serum bilirubin levels.
This presentation will impact the forensic science community
by providing toxicologists and medical examiners with
pertinent information about the interpretation of morphine
and Digoxin levels in attempting to determine cause of death
in neonates who have been administrated these drugs in a
hospital setting.A 14-day old infant with hyperbilirubinemia
and a congenital heart defect was transferred to a surgical
facility for heart surgery. He was being treated with
morphine, Digoxin, Furosemide and oxygen prior to
transfer. According to hospital records, the morphine was
administered in divided doses for the purpose of sedation.
During the flight to the surgical facility, oxygen was provided
on the airplane. On landing, that oxygen was disconnected
with the intention of immediately replacing it with oxygen
from the ambulance. However, the mother and baby were
detained by immigration officials. After this detention (about
40 minutes) and transportation to the hospital, the infant
died. Cause of death was reported as anoxia, with congenital
heart disease as a contributing factor. Manner of death was
undetermined.
The postmortem heart blood morphine concentration was
0.36 mg/L, significantly greater than the average 0.11 mg/L
seen in neonates receiving morphine by IV infusion. Blood
levels of morphine administered by infusion are generally
higher than when given in divided doses.
The Digoxin level was 11.5 ng/mL. Normal Digoxin levels
in neonates receiving Digoxin therapy are in the 1.5-2.6 ng/
mL range, and levels above 3-4 ng/mL are considered to be
toxic. However, Digoxin levels are known to increase after
death due to leaching from muscle, especially from the heart
muscle in neonates.
Total serum bilirubin in this case ranged from 8.39 mg/dl to
12.1 mg/dL during the 14 days from birth to death. Normal
total bilirubin level is 0.3-1.0 mg/dL. Elevated bilirubin in
newborns is not unusual and can be treated. However, at
least one researcher has found that morphine conjugation
decreases as bilirubin concentration increases, even though
the conjugation processes for the two compounds utilize
different sub-enzymes of the CYP450 system.
Questions to be discussed in this presentation include
the validity of the postmortem morphine and Digoxin
levels, the possible inhibitory effect of bilirubin on
morphine conjugation leading to higher serum morphine
concentrations, the possibility of postmortem redistribution
and the possibility of morphine toxicity being a contributing
factor to the cause of death.
WFF2014
KEYWORDS
MORPHINE; NEONATAL; DIGOXIN
O 12-2
THE “Z” DRUGS: ZOLPIDEM, ZOPICLONE AND
ZALEPLON AND WHY ARE WE STILL USING THEM?
Anne-Louise Swain
Clinical Forensic Medicine Unit, Queensland Department of
Health (Government), Australia
The “z” drugs are novel hypnotics used in the short
term treatment of insomnia. They include zolpidem, an
imidazopyridine hypnotic agent, zopiclone, a cyclopyrrolone
hypnotic agent, and zaleplon, a pyrazolopyrimidine hypnotic
agent. There have been numerous post-marketing reports of
so called “complex sleep related behaviours” associated with
zolpidem some of which have led to successful defences
against drink and drug driving charges in Australia. Similar
reports have surfaced in relation to zopiclone use. Given the
risks associated with “complex sleep related behaviours”
should these drugs be taken off the market? Anecdotal
reports of improvements in the level of consciousness and
functioning in persons with organic brain disease may prove
to be a justification for the continued use of these medications
in specific circumstances.
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
KEYWORDS
ZOLPIDEM; ZOPICLONE; ZALEPLON
O 12-3
DNA DECONTAMINATION FROM A CLINICAL
FORENSIC PERSPECTIVE
John Gall1, 2, 3
1
Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne,
Melbourne, Australia; 2Victorian Forensic Paediatric Medical
Service, Royal Children’s Hospital and Monash Medical Centre,
Melbourne, Australia; 3Era Health, Southern Medical Services,
Melbourne, Australia
Forensic DNA testing has had a significant impact upon
the investigation of crimes and the process has attained
infallibility status in the minds of many involved in the
medico-legal system. This has, however, led to some
significant miscarriages of justice. DNA fingerprinting is
not infallible and is open to error at numerous points during
the process of specimen collection, testing, interpretation
and application. Examples of non-deliberate contamination
include the “Phantom of Heilbronn”, and the cases of Farah
308
Jama, Adam Scott and Jaidyn Leskie. DNA fingerprinting has
become increasingly sensitive and the issues of unintentional
contamination are of particular relevance to forensic
practitioners when collecting DNA evidence in the clinical
setting. The reasoning for this is that the amount of DNA
from a crime scene is usually minute and may be poorly
preserved. PCR will amplify the few molecules present
and any contaminating DNA may become a major problem
as low copy contamination will be amplified leading to
potentially misleading, falsely positive results. Within the
clinical setting, appropriate use of decontamination of the
areas where a physical examination is to be undertaken and
of the equipment used needs to be implemented. In selecting
appropriate decontamination measures there are a number
of issues that will modify the approach taken. These include
the efficiency of the decontamination system, occupational
health and safety considerations, effects of a decontaminant
on the efficiency and sensitivity of the PCR process, the
corrosiveness of the decontaminating reagent used, the effect
on the doctor-patient and nurse-patient relationship and the
effect upon the patient. A limited number of published studies
have been undertaken to determine the most effective means
of decontaminating surfaces, equipment and reagents that
may be used to collect and analyse biological specimens.
The findings from these studies are discussed in relation to
the clinical forensic examination suite. Water, 70% ethanol
and detergents, although partially effective in cleaning away
native and cellular DNA, do not decontaminate surfaces to
a satisfactory extent for PCR application. Radiation (UV,
beta and gamma), ethylene oxide, sodium hypochlorite,
autoclaving and various commercial compounds are
considered. Ethylene oxide appears the most suitable means
of DNA decontamination for disposable and other medical
equipment used during clinical forensic examinations.
Sodium hypochlorite, although highly corrosive and
potentially hazardous to humans, appears to be the most
effective reagent for use on surfaces in the clinical suit.
Importantly, the use of these decontaminants for sterilisation
compared with DNA decontamination are very different
and clinicians need to be cognisant of these differences.
Sterilisation is not equivalent to DNA decontamination.
KEYWORDS DNA DECONTAMINATION; CLINICAL
MEDICINE; FORENSIC
O 12-5
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MEDICO-LEGAL
DEATH INVESTIGATION SYSTEMS IN INDIA AND
NIGERIA
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
Avantika Sarkar1, Uwom Eze2
1
Advocate, High Court, Calcutta, India; 2Forensic Pathologist,
Department of Pathology, University College Hospital, Ibadan,
Nigeria
India and Nigeria share in common the status of being
the largest democracies in Asia and Africa respectively.
Their contact with colonial British rule in the history of
both nation states is also another mutual circumstance.
The British operates the Coroner’s system of medico-legal
death investigation and this system was bequeathed to most
colonies of the old British Empire. The role of the Coroner,
with some modifications, has persisted in many of these
countries which were subjected to British laws in the past.
However, it is expected that some changes would have
been effected taking into cognizance indigenous legislature
and local ethos in the post independence era. This paper,
therefore, examines the medico-legal death investigation
systems in both India and Nigeria and considers the
operations, functionality, public acceptability and challenges
faced in both countries with the application of provisions of
death investigation system for public good. It also explores
potential areas the respective death investigation systems
could learn from each other and impact positively in
achieving the essence of accountability, justice, protection of
individual and public health, and promotion of Human Rights
as core objectives of death investigation in both countries.
O 12-6
CLINICAL FORENSIC MEDICINE (CFM) IN FRANCE
AND IN EUROPE
A COMPARATIVE STUDY
R. Hammani, Eric Baccino, P. Cathala, P. A Peyron
Service de Médecine Légale, CHU Lapeyronie, Montpellier,
France
Since JANUARY 2011 the organization of Forensic or Legal
Medicine in FRANCE (pop. 67 M) has been transformed,
based on the following principles :
A yearly budget given by ministry of justice to the ministry of
health
48 Clinical forensic medicine unit (UMJ), 30 Forensic
Pathology units (IML)
All located in Hospitals where MD (forensic doctors or FMD)
are employees.
KEYWORDS
CLINICAL FORENSIC MEDICINE; EUROPE;
VICTIMS
309
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
KEYWORDS MEDICO LEGAL DEATH INVESTIGATION;
INDIA; NIGERIA
CFM units (UMJ) provide a nonstop service for:
1/ Living victims: examination of physical or sexual abuse,
adult and child, collection of physical evidences, issue of
medico legal report, somatic and psychological care by
a multidisciplinary team (FMD, forensic nurses, forensic
psychologists)
2 /Law offenders in custody : examination, medical care,
issue of fitness for detention certificate.
During the first part of our presentation the audience will
become familiar with the advantages and limits (lack of
human resources in some areas due to the fast implementation
of this reform) of our national model. Detailed data on the
evolution of activity since 2011 (globally increased) will be
provided.
In the second part of our presentation, we will provide the
results of a questionnaire (answered by colleagues considered
as representative of their own country) designed to evaluate
the organization of CFM in 7 European countries (Spain,
Italy, Switzerland, Germany, UK, Portugal and France) by
addressing four points.
Is there a national organization for CFM?
Fields of action of CFM
What specialties and training for the MD taking care of
victims of aggression and persons in custody?
Are there dedicated forensic nurses and psychologists for the
victims?
Our results show that the general desire for harmonization
reflected by the answers is far from being satisfied!
Many countries have a single national system regulating
CFM, but a significant number still rely (+) on local
organizations. A general tendency is that victims and people
in custody examination is not done by FMD only, due to the
lack of human resources. The role of forensic nurses varies a
lot between countries and the presence of psychologists is far
from being the rule.
Globally our study confirms the lack of coherence in CFM
practice among countries which were, yet, able to follow
a European Union recommendation (R99.3) on forensic
autopsies since 1999.
We will present propositions for the definition of CFM, with
regard to the political, social, and financial impacts that
recognition or rejection of CFM by the Medical Forensic
Community may have on the future of Forensic medicine.
WFF2014
ORAL PRESENTATION 13
FORENSIC GENETICS & BIOLOGY (GB):
CASE STUDY
O 13-1
EVALUATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF DNA
RECOVERY AND AMPLIFICATION FROM BULLET
CARTRIDGE CASES
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
Heather Mazzanti1, Meghan Troy2 , Christian Westring, Ph.d.
2
, Phillip Danielson, Ph.d.3
1
Forensic Science, Arcadia University/Center for Forensic
Science Research & Education, Willow Grove, United States;
2
Criminalistics, NMS Labs, Willow Grove, United States;
3
Biology, University of Denver, Denver, United States
Firearms were used in 69.3% of homicides, 41% of robberies
and 21.8% of aggravated assaults in the U.S. in 2012.
Accordingly, cartridge cases are commonly encountered
at crime scenes. Despite their prevalence, DNA testing
frequently fails to produce an interpretable profile. Common
explanations for this include poor/minimal “touch type” DNA
transfer to non-porous surfaces; DNA destruction by heat of
firing; PCR inhibition and/or DNA degradation from reactive
metallic species in GSR or the cartridge case itself.
This research evaluated and optimized methods for the
recovery and successful amplification of DNA from fired
and unfired cartridge cases. Methods for maximizing the
recovery of touch DNA from the surface of these cartridge
cases were identified after assessing both swabbing and
soaking with sonication techniques. Fifteen cartridge cases
were swabbed by passing a fiber-tipped swab moistened
with deionized water across the surface of the cartridge case
followed by a dry swab under gentle pressure. Another 15
cartridge cases were submerged in digest buffer mix and
sonicated for 30 minutes before removing the cartridge
case and incubating the digest buffer mix overnight at 56 C.
Soaking with sonication resulted in nearly five-fold greater
DNA recovery that the wet : dry double swab technique. An
assessment of extraction technique performance compared
phenol : chloroform extraction to the Qiagen silica-coated
paramagnetic microbead extraction protocol on the BioRobot
EZ1. The data demonstrate that the BioRobot EZ1 extraction
protocol produced lower but more consistent yields while
phenol : chloroform produced higher but more variable
yields. Interestingly, no apparent correlation was detected
in this study between loading order and DNA recovery for
either of the extraction techniques. Robust protocols for DNA
profiling including preamplification concentration and post-
310
amplification cleanup were also assessed. Data generated
from this research was used to develop a robust approach
for generating more complete and interpretable STR profiles
using standard (e.g., not Low Copy Number) DNA profiling
techniques.
Employing these optimized protocols, over 200 45mm
brass and nickel-plated cartridge cases were analyzed. The
researchers were able to demonstrate that the use of an
optimized strategy for the DNA typing of cartridge cases
can achieve a near 40% success rate of generating an STR
profile with up to 84% of donor alleles being amplifies. This
represents a significant increase over reports in the literature.
More complete profiles were recovered with brass cartridge
cases as compared to nickel cases. This was true for both fired
and unfired cartridge cases. Statistical analysis found that in
both cases these differences were significant at a confidence
interval of 97.5% for unfired and 95% for fired cartridge
cases. These results do not provide support for the hypothesis
that the more reactive metallic properties of brass facilitate
the degradation of DNA.
KEYWORDS
DNA; STR TYPING; CARTRIDGE CASES
O 13-2
QUANTIFILER TRIO : AN EVALUATION ON MOCK
CASEWORK DIFFERENTIAL ANALYSIS SAMPLES.
Nor Aidora Saedon, Normazlina Zainuddin, Mohd Sufiyan
Azah, Nurul Hazirah Mat Lasim@mahasan, Mohd Firdaus
Che Amran, Hazwani Hapiz, Baktiar Kassim
Forensic DNA Section, Forensic Division, Department of
Chemistry, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
Forensic DNA analysis has matured and evolved dramatically
within the last 4 years in terms of extraction and amplification
process. Often than not, we neglect the quantitation process
which proven to be essential in determining the outcome
of a balanced DNA profile. A new quantitation kit, The
QuantiFiler Trio was designed to incorporate not only the
Total DNA and the Male DNA but also comes with the
Degradation Index. The Degradation Index was intended to
assist forensic scientists on the presence of any inhibitors and
its significance.
Mock casework samples were utilized to evaluate on the
sensitivity and the Male/Female ratio, whereas bone extracts
were used to assess the Degradation Index. A total of 324
samples were quantitated and the results were then exploited
for amplification and run on the 3500xl Genetic Analyzer.
The results indicated that the quantitation kit is able to detect
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
as low as 0.005ng of DNA and the Degradation Index factor
confirmed to be helpful in assessing the quality of the DNA
extracts prior to the amplification process.
KEYWORDS QUANTIFILER TRIO; DEGRADATION
INDEX; DNA
O 13-3
DISPERSION OF DNA OF COMPROMISED SKULL IN
MALAYSIA
Nor Aidora Saedon, Nurul Hamizai Abdul Hamid, Mohd
Firdaus Che Amran, Zulhilmi Husni, Baktiar Kassim
Forensic DNA Section, Forensic Division, Department of
Chemistry, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
KEYWORDS
SKULL; DNA; EXTRACTION
O 13-4
PMI DELIMITATION BY ANALYSIS OF MUSCLE
PROTEIN DEGRADATION
Stefan Pittner1, Alexander Pfisterer1, Peter Steinbacher1,
Alexandra Maria Saenger1, Fabio Carlo Monticelli2
1
Cell Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria;
2
Forensic Medicine, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
Estimating the time since death is a central topic in forensic
science. The temperature method, which is based on the
deviation of the body core temperature from environmental
temperature, is the most common used method to determine
the post mortem interval (PMI). However, this method is
KEYWORDS POST MORTEM INTERVAL; PROTEIN;
DEGRADATION
O 13-5
CASE REPORT: THE HIGH POINT OF SECONDARY
IDENTIFICATION ON MUTILATION CASE BEHIND
THE PRIMARY IDENTIFICATION
Evi Untoro1, Fahmi Arief Hakim2 , Hastanto Ahmad3 ,
Theresia Linda3 , Fitriati Husada3 , Anton Castilani3 , Putut T
Widodo3 , Djaja Surya Atmadja4
1
Forensic and Medicolegal, Sentra Medika Hospital, Cibinong,
Bogor, Indonesia; 2Forensic and Medicolegal, Cianjur General
Hospital, Cianjur, Indonesia; 3Indonesian National Dvi
Committee, Indonesian National Police, Center for Health
and Medical Services, Jakarta, Indonesia; 4Forensic and
Medicolegal, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
On the Late March of 2014, Cianjur West Java, Indonesia
were having the case of the founding on woman body without
her head on the ground near the open field, then the body sent
to Cianjur General Hospital for Autopsy and Identification.
Meanwhile the Cianjur Police looking for investigation on
the report of missing person and found the perpetrator (male,
late 50 y.o, former driver of the victim) and he took the police
to the place of garbage bin that he throwed away the head
which wrapping three times completely by plastic. After
fully investigation then the body were sent to Sentra Medika
311
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
The skull is rarely utilised for DNA analysis of body
identification, as there are other bone types with ample DNA
that can be sampled. However there are cases where only the
skull is available, therefore it is essential to not only ascertain
the best area on the skull for DNA analysis but also the
method applied. A skull was discovered embedded in swamp
area in Malaysia, which indicates long term exposure to
degradation. Five different areas of the skull, i.e. the Frontal
bone, Maxilla bone, Temporal bone, Occipital and Zygomatic
bone were sampled in triplicates and extracted via phenolchloroform and Automate Express for comparison. These
samples were then quantitated on the QuantiFiler Kit and
amplified using the GlobalFiler casework kit. The amplified
samples were electrophoresed on 3500xl Genetic Analyzer
and analysed using GeneMapper ID-X ver 1.4.
only useful in the early post mortem phase, as long as the
body temperature is not aligned with the environmental
temperature. In the active decomposition phase of the
corpse the examination of necrotroph organisms and their
developmental stages is used for approximate delimitation
of the time since death. The aim of the present work is to
develop a precise method, not only for intermediate PMI
delimitation, but also to increase the accuracy of the fore
mentioned methods. According to studies on meat tenderness,
and to results from own former studies, we hypothesized
muscle protein degradation to be a viable tool for estimation
of the time since death. For this purpose, we used SDSPAGE, Western blotting and Zymography to analyze the
time course of the degradation of selected proteins in porcine
biceps femoris muscle until 240h post mortem. The results
demonstrate that specific proteins degrade in a predictable
fashion in all samples investigated. Our experiments clearly
indicate the potential of biochemical analyzes of skeletal
muscle decomposition for PMI delimitation, which has to be
substantiated by further studies on human muscle samples.
WFF2014
Cibinong Hospital and Funeral Home to be Embalmed
and having Funeral Ceremony Services. The victim were
female, about 50 y.o, South Korean Citizenship, so later on
there are cooperation between Cianjur Police, Indonesian
Police Headquater, Indonesian DVI Team, and South Korean
Police in Indonesia and South Korea, also South Korean
Embassy in Indonesia. Using DVI Protocol for identification
on Missing Person, first time by the rejection of family to
seek for DNA sampling, and no AM Dental Record data,
and difficulty of Fingerprinting comparison findings, so we
took the secondary identification of the victim from the AM
identification of the victim girlfriend who knew that she had
a specific position of the mole on her head and tattoo on her
left upper arm which in korean/ chinese character tattoo.
Without Primary Identification we could conclude the victim
by the precise Secondary Identification of the Victim, and the
family agree and accept the conclusion that the body and the
head belong to the same person. Then in Funeral Home, we
put the head and the body together by stichting the both side.
In this Case Report we would like to present that Secondary
Identification on the precise explanation of Mutilation Body
could be use without highly cost on DNA identification
(Primary Identification).
SECONDARY IDENTIFICATION; DVI
PROTOCOL; BODY MUTILATION
Germany) and AGCU X-12 Kit (AGCU ScienTech Inc,
Wuxi, chaina). The two women shared at least one allele
at all these X-chromosomal STR loci except DXS10101
locus. In order to further confirm or exclude maternal
lineages, the hypervariable regions HVIand HVIIof mtDNA
were amplified by using primers pairs L16047/H16464
and L29/H408 respectively and then sequenced. It was
found that they had the same mtDNA haplotype. To reach
a reliable conclusion, genotyping of 19 autosomal STRs
was performed. with the Goldeneye DNA ID System 20A
Kit (PEOPLESPOT Inc, Beijing, China) and then the full
sibling index (FSI) and the number of shared alleles (IBS)
were calculated. A very high FSI (i.e.151672.41) and IBS
(i.e.24) were obtained, ulteriorly supporting the full sibling
relationship between the two women. With regard to the
typing result of X-STRs, It could not be ruled out the
possibility of mutation for DXS10101 loci.
KEYWORDS F U L L S I B L I N G I N D E X ; X - S T R ;
MITOCHONDRIAL DNA
ORAL PRESENTATION 14
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
KEYWORDS
TOXICOLOGY / ILLICIT DRUGS (TI):
TOXICOLOGY
O 13-6
O 14-1
A CASE EXAMPLE WHERE 29 X-CHROMOSOMAL
STRS AND MITOCHONDRIAL DNA WERE USED AS
SUPPLEMENTARY MARKERS
CHALLENGES IN FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY
Yuan Lin, Li Li, Zhenmin Zhao, Ruxin Zhu
Forensic Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic
Medicine, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Ministry of Justice, P.r.
China, Shanghai, China
Most kinship analysis cases are determined by autosomal
short tandem repeat (STR) markers, but X-chromosome
STRs and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are also very
useful, particularly in deficiency cases involving females.
Here a case work example about sibling testing was
presented, where the two female individuals were typed for
29 X-chromosomal STRs, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)
HVI/II and 19 autosomal short tandem repeats (STRs).
The 29 X-STRs were first typed with IDtyper X-16, an inhouse kit (made by Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic
Sciences; Institute of Forensic Sciences, Ministry of Justice,
PR China) and Investigator Argus X-12 Kit (QIAGEN,
312
Heesun Chung
Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology,
Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea (South)
Forensic toxicology is dependent on the application of
analytical techniques and interpretation of analytical results.
This means that, if forensic toxicology is to develop, it is
necessary to introduce these techniques, as well as to improve
general understanding of the field. The disturbing trend of
increasing crimes and deaths related to drugs and other toxic
materials, as well as drug abuse and misuse, makes its further
development essential.
In this talk, the future of three areas of forensic toxicology
will be presented; postmortem toxicology; human
performance toxicology; forensic drug testing and; new
trends encouraging for the future of forensic toxicology will
be discussed.
There are limitations and problems to toxicology : it is not
possible to detect all substances and there are also limitations
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
in assay and availability of specimens. Like any other
fields of forensic sciences, the results given by the forensic
toxicologist are expected to be as accurate and correct as
possible with a very fast turnaround time. How can we meet
this expectation? In addition there are difficulties in providing
the same quality of service and maintaining the good quality
assurance system between labs around the world. For the
future forensic toxicology, a high-throughput screening
system in the postmortem toxicology and the interpretation
of enhanced detection limit should be mentioned, as should
a systematic approach for the identification of new drugs
and their metabolites. Above all, sharing information and
knowledge between toxicologists is vital for the development
of Forensic toxicology.
KEYWORDS F O R E N S I C T O X I C O L O G Y; T O X I C
MATERIALS; DRUG ABUSE
O 14-2
CASE FINDINGS IN 18 ACETYLFENTANYL RELATED
DEATHS
Daniel Isenschmid, Sherri Kacinko, Barry Logan
Toxicology, NMS Labs, Willow Grove, PA, United States
KEYWORDS ACETYLFENTANYL; POSTMORTEM;
DESIGNER_DRUG
O 14-3
THE RELATION BETWEEN OXIDATIVE STRESS,
INFLAMMATION, AND NEOPTERIN IN THE
PARAQUAT-INDUCED LUNG TOXICITY
Mehmet Toygar2 , Ibrahim Aydin3 , Mehmet Agilli3 , Fevzi
Nuri Aydin3 , Muzaffer Oztosun6 , Husamettin Gul1, Enis
Macit1, Yildirim Karslioglu4 , Turgut Topal5 , Bulent Uysal5
1
Toxicology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara,
Turkey; 2Forensic Medicine, Gulhane Military Medical
Academy, Ankara, Turkey; 3Biochemistry, Gulhane Military
Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey; 4Pathology, Gulhane
Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey; 5Physiology,
313
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
Introduction : Acetylfentanyl, an N-acetyl derivative of
fentanyl, has recently been reported in a number of fatalities
in different areas in the United States. Initially, 10 deaths
were reported in Rhode Island in March and April of 2013.
Later deaths were also reported in Pennsylvania, Louisiana
(Jefferson Parish) and North Carolina. Pharmacologically,
acetylfentanyl has been shown in animals to bind to muopioid receptors similarly to fentanyl although the potency
of the acetylfentanyl appears to be lower in rat studies.
Acetylfentanyl does cross-react with certain fentanyl
immunoassay kits on the market. However, in our laboratory
screening for acetylfentanyl is accomplished using accurate
mass screening (LC-TOF/MS) followed by confirmation by
LC-MS/MS. In this presentation we report the findings in 18
deaths related to acetylfentanyl between July 2013 and April
2014.
Materials and Methods : A total of 18 cases with detectable
concentrations of acetylfentanyl in postmortem blood were
identified during the study period. Twelve (12) cases were
submitted for full postmortem toxicology screening and 6
cases were submitted specifically for directed analysis. All
testing was performed in whole blood, but the source varied
(e.g. peripheral, cardiac etc.). One case was also had liver
tissue tested.
Results : The average acetylfentanyl concentration for the
18 cases was 160 ng/mL (range : 0.58 – 730 ng/mL). Only
two cases had acetylfentanyl concentrations below 1 ng/mL
but 13 cases exceeded 100 ng/mL. A single case in which
both blood and liver acetylfentanyl were quantified had
concentrations of 150 ng/mL and 1900 ng/g, respectively.
All decedents were male (except one female and one not
provided) and the average age was 33 years (N=15, range
: 19-54 years). For the cases where full toxicology was
performed, four cases were positive for other designer drugs
: phenazepam (2), 4-methylethcathinone (4-MEC) (1) and
methylone (1). Other findings included cannabinoids (6),
benzodiazepines (5), alprazolam (2)), antidepressants /
antipsychotics (5), opiates (2), cocaine (2), diphenhydramine
(1) and methamphetamine (1). Additionally 2 cases were also
positive for fentanyl, one at a high (22 ng/mL) and one at a
low (0.67 ng/mL) concentration. The presence of naloxone
suggested resuscitative efforts in 1/3 of the 15 cases where
complete toxicology testing was performed.
The demographics for the 18 cases included 7 from
Louisiana, 3 from California and 1 case each from Arizona,
Florida, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey,
Pennsylvania, Vermont and New Brunswick, Canada.
Conclusions : There were 18 acetylfentanyl-related deaths
for the 11 months beginning July 2013. Cases were identified
in many geographical regions of the United States. The
concentrations of acetylfentanyl were notably higher
compared to the concentrations of fentanyl in fentanyl-related
deaths, however no clinical studies have been performed with
humans for this drug. For the two cases with acetylfentanyl
concentrations < 1ng/ml both had findings which could
otherwise explain the cause of death (heroin or 4-MEC).
WFF2014
Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey; 6Health
Services Command, Turkish Armed Forces, Ankara, Turkey
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
Paraquat (PQ) is a well-known quaternary nitrogen herbicide.
The major target organ in PQ poisoning is the lung. Reactive
oxygen species (ROS) and inflammation play a crucial
role in the development of PQ-induced pulmonary injury.
Neopterin is synthesized in macrophage by interferon g and
other cytokines. We aimed to evaluate the utility of neopterin
as a diagnostic marker in PQ-induced lung toxicity. Sprague
Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups (sham
and PQ), administered intraperitoneally 1 mL saline and
PQ (15 mg/kg/mL) respectively. Blood samples and lungs
were collected for analyses. Lung injury and fibrosis were
seen in the PQ group. Serum total antioxidant capacity,
lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and lung transforming growth
factor-1 (TGF-1) levels were significantly higher than the
sham group (in all, p < 0.001). In addition, in the PQ group,
serum neopterin and lung malondialdehyde (MDA) levels
were also significantly higher than the sham group (in all, p
¼ 0.001). Serum neopterin levels were correlated with LDH
activities, lung MDA, lung TGF-1levels, and the degree
of lung injury. These findings demonstrated that oxidative
stress, reduction of antioxidant capacity, and inflammation
play a crucial role in the PQ-induced lung injury. Elevated
serum neopterin levels may be a prognostic parameter to
determine extends of PQ-induced lung toxicity. Further
studies may be performed to clarify the role of neopterin by
different doses of PQ.
KEYWORDS
PARAQUAT; INFLAMMATION; LUNG
TOXICITY
O 14-4
ONE FATAL AND ONE NON FATAL FORENSIC CASES
INVOLVING NASAL INTAKE OF α PYRROLIDINO
VALEROPHENONE (PVP), A NEW SUBSTITUTED
CATHINONE
Philippe Cathala1, Celine Eiden2 , Pierre Antoine Peyron1,
Marie Dominique Piercecchi-Marti3 , Olivier Mathieu2 ,
Helene Peyriere2 , Eric Baccino1
1
Departement De Medecine Legale, Chu Lapeyronie
(university Hospital), Montpellier, France; 2Departement De
Pharmacologie Medicale Et Toxicologie, Chu Lapeyronie
(university Hospital), Montpellier, France; 3Service De
Medecine Legale, Chu La Timone (University Hospital),
Marseille, France
314
We present here two cases of fatal (1 autopsy case) and
toxic (1 clinical forensic medicine case) recreational use
of α-pyrrolidino-valerophenone (PVP), a new substituted
cathinone. Substituted cathinones are a group of synthetic
derivatives of cathinone, a psychoactive alcaloid extracted
from Khat (Catha edulis). They appeared in the internet
“recreational drugs” market in the mid 2000’s as stimulant
and entactogen products and have been classified as
narcotics in France since 2012 and placed in schedule 1 of
the Controlled Substances Act by the US drug enforcement
administration since 2014.
In 2012, two men (21 and 32 years old) purchased on Internet
a powder designed as “NRG3” and sold as a chemical
lab reagent. Toxicological analysis of that white powder
concluded that it was pure PVP.
According to police reports, on the same evening, the two
men consumed during a home party some alcohol and
“NRG3” by multiple nasal intakes.
The 32 yo man, collapsed 30 minutes after last intake
and died in spite of fast and intensive CPR. Autopsy and
pathology concluded to a sudden cardiac death in a context
of atherosclerotic disease (60% narrowing narrowing of the
right coronary artery; 50% of the circumflex branch of the
left coronary artery). Major other findings were pulmonary
edema, obesity, hepatic steatosis and some possible chronic
hypertension signs. Post mortem toxicology revealed
1500 ng/ml of PVP in plasma (and > 5000 ng/l in urine)
associated to 3.65 g/l of alcohol and 3.3 ng/ml of THC (14.2
of THCCOOH). Mode of death was determined as accidental
and natural.
The youngest one (21 yo) was admitted to the emergency
room with a clinical sympathomimetic syndrome with
sinus tachycardia (BPM 128), hypertension (162/89),
bilateral mydriasis, mild rhabdomyolysis signs (CK 1841
UI/l, myoglobine 273 µg/l) without acute kidney failure
nor hyperthermia. On the following day, he developed
a psychotic disorder with severe visual hallucinations
lasting for 2 days and requiring some physical restraint and
antipsychotic and sedative treatments. Plasmatic level of PVP
was 235 ng/ml 6 hours after last intake. No other drug or
alcohol was found.
The two cases will be discussed and a literature review will be
presented. Another fatal case has been reported by a Japanese
team in 2014 : a young healthy man who suddenly died as he
was restrained by roommates after having exhibited a sudden
violent behaviour following a PVP intake (PVP blood level :
410ng/ml).
Conclusion : As many other “designer drugs”, PVP should
be considered as a real new life-threatening drug causing (or
at least aggravating) severe poisoning cases. Cardiovascular
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
and psychotic complications seem to be the matter of
particular concern.
KEYWORDS
PVP; CATHINONE; DESIGNER DRUGS
ORAL PRESENTATION 15
TRACE EVIDENCE / FORENSIC CHEMISTRY
(TEC): ISOTOPE & TRACE METAL ANALYSIS
O 15-1
O 14-5
LC/MSMS ANALYSIS OF THE BENZODIAZEPINES ON
DBS
Heesang Lee, Yujin Park, Jiyeong Jo, Sangwhan In, Eunmi
Kim, Sanggil Choe
Forensic Chemistry Division, National Forensic Service,
Yangsan, Korea (South)
Jisook Min, Kiwook Kim, Sangcheol Heo, Yurim Jang
Division of Chemical Analysis, National Forensic Service,
Wonju, Korea (South)
The application of IRMS and LA-ICPMS in forensic hair
samples was investigated. Identification of forensic hair
samples was carried out using stable isotopes and multi
elements. As well as, what kind of information to be taken
from the unknown hair samples was examined. The scalp hair
samples were collected and stored in glass vial on the room
temperature. Our isotopic data (C, N, O, S and H) for bulk
hair indicated that this signature can be used as an alternative
tool of identification for the cases without good results
from DNA analysis. The single hair strand was analyzed for
getting information like sex, smoking habit and occupation
using LA-ICPMS. Even this study was a preliminary test,
good results were acquired. stable isotope analysis of hair
can provide information concerning a person’s dietary intake
and the geo-location in which a person has lived. These
isotope results will refer to forensic purpose. The average
of δ2H (‰), δ18O (‰), δ13C (‰), δ15N (‰) and δ34S
(‰) is -75.6±5.3, 11.8±1.1, -19.1±0.4, 8.8±0.6, 9.8±0.5,
respectively. These results indicate that Korean have our
own chemical fingerprint. We need much more various hair
samples to be examined with LA-ICPMS and IRMS.
KEYWORDS
HAIR, FORENSIC; IRMS; LAICPMS
O 15-2
KEYWORDS
LC/MSMS
DRIED BLOOD SPOT; BENZODIAZEPINE;
ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT PARTS BETWEEN
GINSENG FROM BODY AND ROOTS BY USING
ELEMENTAL ANALYZER-ISOTOPE RATIO MASS
SPECTROMETRY (EA-IRMS)
Young-Hoon Jo1, Sang-Cheol Heo1, Ki-Wook Kim1, MyungDuck Kim1, Geum-Mun Nam1, Jong-Sin Park2 , Jae-Gyun
Kim2 , Ji-Sook Min1
1
Division of Chemical Analysis, National Forensic Service,
Wonju, Korea (South); 2Department of Forensic Chemistry,
315
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
Dried Blood Spot (DBS) has been used as a new sample
control method for analysis of inherited metabolic disorder
screening in newborns and identification of various drugs
in blood since 1960s. Today, DBS is used various fields
such as toxicology and illicit drugs. With introduction of
LC-MSMS for drug analysis, as it allows qualitative and
quantitative analysis with small blood volume, DBS is used
on behalf of solid-phase extraction (SPE) & liquid-liquid
extraction (LLE) in many fields. In toxicology field, many
drugs (benzodiazepines, AAP, small molecule drugs etc)
have been tested with DBS. Compared to existing sample
extraction methods for serum and plasma, DBS has lots
of benefits; lower general blood volume (less than 20 μL),
shorter analysis time caused by more simpler analysis steps
and lower cost etc.
We optimized the DBS extraction procedure and LC/MSMS
conditions for 30 benzodiazepines and their metabolites
analysis in blood. The kind of DBS cards for blood extraction
(DMPK A, B, C), card drying time, extraction solvent & time
for punched card, and LC column & MS conditions were
confirmed. We could find the best conditions for analysis
of benzodiazepines in blood. Also, method validation was
confirmed for DBS extraction compared to existing other
extraction method; LOD, LOQ, accuracy, and precision.
MUTI-ELEMENT AND STABLE ISOTOPE ANALYSES
IN HAIR FOR FORENSIC PURPOSE: WHAT KIND OF
INFORMATION CAN WE GET IN HAIR ANALYSIS?
WFF2014
National Forensic Service (Gwangju Institute), Jangsung, Korea
(South)
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
Control of origin of foods by stable isotope analysis has
been performed, and determines evidence of the potential
of this method for discrimination of foods (e.g., ginseng,
rice, coffee, milk and meat, etc.) in different parts. Also,
the analysis of origin in the samples could include crime
scene investigation for forensic application. The aim of this
study was to investigate the potential of isotope-ratio mass
spectrometry (IRMS) analysis for characterization between
ginseng from body and roots, and a ginseng sample has been
analyzed for the isotopic composition of the elements C, H,
and O. A sample was collected from local farms (i.e., five
regions) in Republic of Korea. Ginsengs were washed, dried
at 70 ºC, ground into powders, the samples were weighted
into tin capsules for C- (~0.5 mg), and silver capsules for Hand O-isotope analysis (~0.1 mg), and stored at desiccator
before analysis. The results showed 13C values between
−23.03 and −26.46‰, and 2H values between −53.59 and
−83.94‰ 18O values between 22.18 and 29.97‰ for body of
ginseng. Roots of ginseng gave 13C ratios between −24.77
and −26.84‰, and 2H values between −49.78 and −82.26‰
18O values between 21.99 and 31.10‰. Moreover, additional
principal component analysis (PCA) could further enhance
the identification or discrimination of control between body
and roots for forensic comparison.
KEYWORDS FORENSIC APPLICATION; ORIGIN OF
GINENG; ISOTOPE RATIO MASS SPECTROMETRY
(IRMS)
Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS)
and Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared
Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) methods were developed to
enable greater discrimination between different tyre rubber
samples.
Twenty-one different car tyre models, from 7 different
manufacturers were used in this study. Several samples (n=5)
were collected from skid marks and from the tyre tread, using
an abrasive sheet and a rotating rig.
Seventy elements were screened for each sample by ICPMS in both collision cell mode and reaction cell mode, from
which the nine most reproducible metal elements Al, V, Co,
Ni, Zn, As, Sr, Pb, and Bi were identified as having a high
level of inter-variability and low level of intra-variability
between tyres. ATR-FTIR analysis indicated a low intravariability (analysis of similar tyres) which demonstrated
high precision of the technique, and also it showed a large
inter-variability between different manufacturers and models,
which supports their high potential as indicators to be used
for discrimination between different tyres manufacturers and
models. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was utilised to
distinguish between the different tyres.
William J. Bodziak, Tire Tread and Tire Track Evidence :
Recovery and Forensic Examination. CRC Press, 2008.
Line Gueissaz, Geneviève Massonnet, Tire traces –
Discrimination and classification of pyrolysis-GC/MS
profiles, Forensic Science International, in press 2012.
KEYWORDS HIT AND RUN ACCIDENTS; TRACE TYRE
ANALYSIS; ICP-MS, ATR-FTIR, PYROLYSIS
O 15-4
O 15-3
DISCRIMINATION OF CAR TYRE RUBBER SAMPLES
USING ICP-MS, ATR-IR AND PYROLYSIS GC-MS AND
THE SUBSEQUENT MATCHING TO SKID MARKS
Salah Eddine Breidi, James Barker, Steve Barton, Baljit
Ghatora
Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, London, United
Kingdom
It is quite common in hit and run accidents for rubber traces
to be left at the crime scene. The Forensic Scientist will
have the task of analysing the tyre striation traces in order to
identify the type of tyre involved in the accident. However,
the tyre striations alone do not provide enough detail to
show a high level of discrimination between different tyre
manufacturers and individual models [1, 2]. In this study,
316
A MURDER CASE SOLVED BY TRACE EVIDENCE
Hongling Guo, Huixia Shi, Yangke Quan
Trace Evidence, Institute of Forensic Science, China, Beijing,
China
Many cases rerun with the development of forensic
techniques today, especially the development of DNA and
trace evidence, which makes it possible to solve those cases
happened several years ago. In China, trace evidence played
an important role in recent years. A murder case was solved
successfully 4 years after the crime was committed by trace
evidence.
A woman disappeared in 2009 and her decomposed body was
found in sewage in 2013 when plumber fixed the conduit. Her
husband was suspected to murder his wife and one pair of his
shoes was found in the closet. The shoes and the soil collected
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
from the conduit were sent to trace evidence laboratory for
comparison of soils. Under optical microscope, trace amount
of “needle things” were found on both shoes and the soil
sample. These “needle things” were examined by SEM/EDX
and GRIM (glass refractive index measurement) and they
turned out to be two kinds of glass fibers which were used
to be heat preservation materials of the conduits. Elemental
components and the value of RI of the two kinds of glass fiber
collected from the shoes matched with that found in the soil.
In this murder case, it is fortunate that the shoes had not been
worn later and two kinds of glass fibers were found which
strengthened the evidence powder. The husband confessed
to kill his wife and dumped her body in the conduits. He was
sent to prison based on the powerful trace evidence even
without DNA and fingerprints at the crime scene.
KEYWORDS
TRACE EVIDENCE; GLASS FIBER;
MURDER
O 15-5
A NOVEL METHOD OF GENERATING DATA FOR
TEXTILE FIBRES DATABASES
This study investigated whether there are alternative methods
for the generation of large, robust data collections beyond
the reliance of experts whose time may be restricted. This
study explored the possible use of inexperienced personnel
including undergraduate and postgraduate students, studying
forensic science courses, to create data that is appropriate for
a forensic fibres database after a short training programme.
This project focused upon the quality assurance procedures
required to generate a large amount of fit-for-purpose data
using this method, including the design of a comprehensive
proficiency testing scheme that was more effective for
the assessment of less experienced personnel than extant
proficiency testing schemes. This proficiency testing scheme
was designed and implemented to assess the ability of
participants, participating in higher education, to analyse
synthetic fibres using polarized light microscopy; a technique
regularly used in casework by forensic practitioners.
This paper will outline the proficiency testing results from
460 participants from UK universities and discuss how fibre
analysis data generated using less experienced personnel
can be used in databases of sufficient quality to be used in
casework.
F I B R E D ATA B A S E S ; P R O F I C I E N C Y
TESTING; QUALITY ASSURANCE
KEYWORDS
Claire Gwinnett, Andrew Jackson
Forensic and Crime Science Department, Staffordshire
University, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom
ORAL PRESENTATION 16
CYBER FORENSIC / DIGITAL AND MULTIMEDIA
SCIENCE (CF/DMS): IMAGE, VIDEO AND AUDIO
SCIENCE
O 16-1
THE APPLICATION OF HDR TECHNOLOGY IN CRIME
SCENE PHOTOGRAPHY
Zhou Chunbing
Department of Forensic Science & Technology, National Police
University of China, Shenyang, China
Abstract : In crime scene photography, high dynamic range
imaging (HDRI or just HDR) is a set of techniques that allow
a greater dynamic range of luminance between the lightest
and darkest areas of an image than that of the standard digital
imaging techniques or photographic methods. This wider
dynamic range allows HDR images to represent luminance
distribution more accurately in real scenes ranging from
direct sunlight to faint starlight. In this paper, I will show
317
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
Textile fibres as a form of trace evidence are rarely used,
although they have proven to be useful collaborative
evidence. This is partly due to the expense of analysis and
also the lack of interpretation aids such as data collections.
The need for the generation of robust evidence databases to
aid interpretation has been expressed frequently, especially
since the RvT (1990) case where the validity of the data used
in the generation of likelihood ratios to interpret footwear
evidence was brought under question. This need for robust
datasets extends to all types of evidence, including textile
fibres, where known provenance and prevalence data
would be beneficial for meaningful interpretations. Extant
textile fibre data collections and databases are generally
limited in size, scope or have become out-of date. This is
understandable as the generation of such resources are costly
in time and there are a limited number of fibres experts
to populate such resources. In comparison, the number
of students that now study forensic science, including the
microscopy of fibres, in the UK and around the world has
risen dramatically over the last ten years. These individuals,
although non-experts, have sufficient skills and training so as
to be useful contributors to such data collections.
WFF2014
your several experimental evidences demonstrate that the
HDR technique can solve many difficulties in crime scene
photography, such as the recording of backlighting scenery
and the high-contrast trace or evidences, and so on. As a
result, I propose that HDR technique should be widely used in
crime scene photography.
ENHANCEMENT; HISTOGRAM EQUALIZATION
HDR; BACKLIGHTING SCENERY; HIGHCONTRAST TRACE
Rodrigo Tavora2 , Francisco Assis Nascimento1
1
University of Brasilia, Electronic Engeneering, Brasilia, Brazil;
2
Federal Police, National Institute of Criminalistics, Brasilia,
Brazil
KEYWORDS
O 16-4
DETECTING REPLICAS WITHIN AUDIO EVIDENCES
USING AN ADAPTIVE AUDIO-FINGERPRINTING
SCHEME
O 16-3
STUDY OF FORENSIC IMAGE ENHANCEMENT
TECHNOLOGY
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
Mingjiu Wang, Fuyao Wang
Forensic Science Technology, China Criminal Police University,
Shenyang, China
Image enhancement technology plays a very important role
to improve image quality in forensic identification. Some
enhancement methods such as gray scale transformation,
histogram equalization and fuzzy enhancement are
researched in this paper. It puts forwards correspondence
methods to solve some defects during the course of image
enhancement. Aiming to the key problem of how to divide
gray scale intervals, this paper puts forward a method
called segmental 1inear transformation based on region
segmentation. It accelerates the process of adjusting gray
intervals and is an efficient method. In order to adapt to
image local regional brightness characteristic, this paper
puts forward a method called histogram equalization based
on parabola modification. It can adjust the brightness and
enhance the contrast of local region. At the same time it puts
forward a method of how to select optimum parameters. By
adjusting gray level values of pixels after equalization this
paper puts forward a method called histogram equalization
of preserving gray levels. It can make gray level layers more
abundant and dispel the amalgamation of gray levels to some
extent. This paper improves traditional fuzzy enhancement
method. It uses sine membership function for fuzzy
enhancement. So it avoids a large amount of the missing of
gray scale information. At the same time it accelerates the
selection of the optimum parameters. On the basis of fuzzy
enhancement gray scale linear transformation is used to
improve image enhancement result further. Experiences show
that the methods of this paper obtain better enhancement
result than some existing image enhancement methods.
KEYWORDS
318
DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING; IMAGE
Audio authentication is one of the major tasks of audio
forensic experts. Although active authentication is quite
feasible, this feature is not expected to be included on general
use equipments. Therefore, passive authentication methods
still will have to be applied.
Surprising, no specific method was proposed for short replica
detection in audio evidences. An intuitive approach, referred
as audio-fingerprinting and applied to music identification, is
to segment the audio into frames, extract perceptual features,
and search for similarity. But existing schemes are not suited
to detect short replicas within audio evidences.
To detect short replicas, this work proposes the use of a new
adaptive binary audio-fingerprinting scheme, which divides
spectrogram into sub-bands, using constant size overlapped
Hanning windows, evaluates a linear sum for each subband, performs a sub-band and time derivation, and finally
quantizes to binary values.
A high audio-fingerprint (AF) identification rate is necessary,
thus a high overlap of 0.95% is used. To detect replicas
as short as 0.1s, frame duration is adjusted to 90ms. Since
short replicas may correspond to only one distorted AF,
range perfect search is necessary. Range search is applied
with a maximum Hamming distance dmax, and since for
each audio evidence the number of frames is known, the AF
dimensionality is adjusted to limit the estimated number of
false detections. To overcome the curse of dimensionality,
range search is performed as exact match search using a hash
table for all AF with errors below dmax.
To increase the discriminative power and bit variance for
each audio evidence, the use of a linear sum equalization
sub-band division is tested, using the Brazilian National
Criminalistics Institute Corpus, and the improvement is
confirmed.
The performance is evaluated under a sort of configurations
comparing the true detection, after the number of bands
is adjusted for a constant number of false detections. The
detection criteria is that at least one AF is detected inside
replica interval.
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
To test uniqueness to discriminate intrasentence intraspeaker
audio, two test sets are created using uncontrolled text
speech, and speech with text repeated twice. The results
suggest that AF’s from intrasentence audios are similar
for stable speech. Even though the discrimination of
intrasentense AF may be difficult, a final auditory analysis
of detected intervals, its content and relevance, can help to
confirm or discard the forgery hypothesis.
Initially, to build a baseline performance, a test set is created
with undistorted and uncontrolled text with replicas inserted
at random positions. The detection rate is 100%, except for
0.1s replica duration. The best performance is obtained for
the proposed adaptive method.
To test robustness to detect masked editions, a similar test
set is created and a sort of masking distortions is applied,
like white noise insertion, amplitude, spectral and timescale distortion, and audio compression with MP3 and
AAC. The experiments show that the proposed scheme
can successfully detect short replicas, with almost 100%
detection rate for amplitude and spectral distortions, and a
regular performance for white noise insertion, time-stretch
and audio compression.
PASSIVE AUDIO AUTHENTICATION;
AUDIO FINGERPRINTING; AUDIO FORENSICS
KEYWORDS
O 16-5
Nam-In Park, Tae Hoon Kim, Joong Lee
Digital Technology & Biometry Dvision, National Forensic
Service, Won-Ju, Korea (South)
Since the recorded speech and audio files in the crime scene
have become recognized as important evidences, such
files are determined whether they are admissible as legal
evidences or not in a court of law according to editing status.
Generally, the speech and audio signals can be obtained and
sampled by microphones. However, sampling rates vary
depending on audio devices, and difference in sampling rates
may occur, if a user edits the sample. This paper proposes
the up-sampling detecting algorithm which measures the
correlation of audio sample with its neighboring samples to
decide the editing status.
When up-sampling is performed on a sequence of samples in
a continuous function or signal, it produces an approximation
of the sequence that would have been obtained by sampling
the signal at a higher rate. Here, note that the up-sampled
KEYWORDS AUDIO SAMPLE CORRELATION; UPSAMPLING DETECTOR; EM
O 16-6
RESEARCH ON METHODS FOR AUDIO RECORDER
FORENSIC IDENTIFICATION
319
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
UP-SAMPLING DETECTING ALGORITHM BASED ON
AUDIO SAMPLE CORRELATION (ASC)
audio signal expressed by the summation of weighting factor
has the correlation with the neighbors.
To measure the Audio Sample Correlation (ASC), the
fixed linear coefficients are extracted by ExpectationMaximization (EM) algorithm in the total audio data. In
practice, of course, neither of the samples is correlated nor
are the specific forms of the correlations typically known. To
determine if a signal has been up-sampled, we employ the
EM algorithm to simultaneously estimate a set of periodic
samples that are correlated to their neighbors, and the specific
form of these correlations. Note that each sample belongs
to one of two models. The first model, (M1) corresponds
to those samples that are correlated to their neighbors, and
the second model (M2) corresponds to those samples that
are independent. The EM algorithm is a two-step iterative
algorithm. In the E-step, the probability that each sample
belongs to each model is estimated and in the M-step,
the specific form of the correlations between samples is
estimated.
Next, the final probability of each sample belongs to M1
obtained by EM-algorithm has the periodic characteristics,
and these probabilities are transformed into Discrete Cosine
Transform (DCT)-domain in order to analyze the periodic
characteristics easily. In the DCT domain, the peak compared
with neighbor frequency values is represented above 1 over 6
in case that the current audio signal was up-sampled.
Moreover, the fixed linear coefficients extracted by EM were
applied to find the audio editing tool for up-sampling. That
is, each 8/16/32 kHz sampled audio data is up-sampled into
48kHz, then we can determine audio editing tool as find
the minimum Euclidian distance between the fixed linear
coefficients and trained fixed linear coefficients.
For the performance evaluation, audio files consisting of
speech and music were recorded at a sampling rate of 8/16/32
kHz with mono for 10 seconds. After each file is up-sampled
by audio editing tool such as audition/Goldwave/Matlab,
it was shown from the result of detecting accuracy that the
proposed algorithm can detect the up-sampled audio signal
with success rate of 95%. Finally, in case of the processed
audio editing tool for the up-sampling, it was shown that the
proposed algorithm has the accuracy of approximately 70%.
WFF2014
Jinhua Zeng, Shaopei Shi, Xu Yang, Yan Li, Qimeng Lu
Digital Evidence Laboratory, Institute of Forensic Science,
Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, China
With the popularity of cell phones and digital recorders,
traditional analog recordings have been largely replaced by
digital ones which have been the dominant type of questioned
materials in the audio forensic examination. Digital
recordings are important parts of audio-visual materials, and
the research on their novel forensic authentication methods
is of great importance both in theoretical significance and
practical value. In this paper, we study methods for audio
forensic authentication through identifying audio recorders.
Silent segments were firstly extracted in digital recordings,
and the key recorder-related statistical features, i.e., sampling
histogram distribution and spectral mean, were computed.
Digital recordings were accurately classified with the
usage of the method in the fields of machine learning and
pattern classification. The best classification accuracy in the
experiments was up to 97.09%. On the basis of the result that
digital recorders could be successfully identified, a feasible
implementing scheme for forensic identification of digital
recorders was proposed.
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
KEYWORDS AUDIO RECORDER; AUDIO FORENSIC
AUTHENTICATION; PATTERN CLASSIFICATION
ORAL PRESENTATION 17
FORENSIC PATHOLOGY (PT): LABORATORY I
O 17-1
PROTEIN EXPRESSION PATTERN AND
HISTOLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS OF CORONARY
ATHEROSCLEROSIS FROM MYOCARDIAL
ISCHEMIA
Minjung Kim1, You Jin Won2 , Bon Young Koo3 , Kyung Ryoul
Kim1, Nak-Won Lee3 , Jaehong Park1, Yu-Hoon Kim4 , HanYoung Lee1, Joong-Seok Seo5
1
Forensic Medical Center, National Forensic Service, Wonju,
Ganwon, Korea (South); 2Forensic Medicine Division, Daegu
Institute, National Forensic Service, Daegu, Korea (South);
3
Department of Forensic Medicine Investigation, Seoul Institute,
National Forensic Service, Seoul, Korea (South); 4Daejeon
Institute, National Forensic Service, Daejeon, Korea (South);
5
National Forensic Service, Wonju, Ganwon, Korea (South)
320
To identify the distinct histologic and immunohistochemical
characteristics of coronary atherosclerosis in sudden
coronary death patients, we analyzed the histologic and
immunohistochemical characteristics of atherosclerosis in
ischemic heart disease (IHD) and acute myocardial infarction
(AMI) group (experimental group) and control group. The
culprit plaques in experimental group show vulnerable
features including necrosis, thin cap fibroatheroma, rupture,
hemorrhage, thrombosis, organizing thrombi, cholesterol
cleft, inflammatory cell infiltration, vasa vasorum with
statistical significance. The relative immunopositive area and
intensity for CD68, P2Y12, CRP, Ubiquitin, Endothelin-1
was higher in IHD and AMI group than in the control
group. Statistical significance was seen in CD68, Ubiquitin,
Endothelin-1. Therefore, for the diagnosis of IHD and AMI,
histologic features of plaque instability and CD68, Ubiquitin,
Endothelin-1 positivity can be a supplemental examination.
And CD68, Ubiquitin and Endothelin-1 may play a role in
plaque vulnerability lead to sudden coronary death.
C O R O N A RY AT H E R O S C L E R O S I S ;
MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY
KEYWORDS
O 17-2
THE EXPRESSION OF ANDROGEN RECEPTOR IN
CORONARY ARTERY IN THE CASES OF SUDDEN
CORONARY DEATH
Xinshan Chen, Kaiyi Liu, Chunyu Shen
Department of Forensic Pathology, Tongji Medical College,
Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
Objectives : To study the expression of androgen receptor
(AR) in the cases of sudden death caused by coronary heart
disease (CHD) and relationship between the androgen
receptor (AR) and sudden coronary death (SCD) in order
to explore the mechanism of the development of coronary
atherosclerosis and provide references for the prevent and
treatment of CHD and medicolegal identification of SCD.
Material and Methods : 53 cases and myocardial samples
selected from the autopsied cases in our department from
2011 to 2012 were divided into 3 groups : 18 case of SCD,
including 11 males and 7 females, as experimental group,
another 18 cases (11 males and 7 females) with CHD but died
of mechanical injuries and poisoning as control group I, and
17 cases without CHD (10 males and 7 females) who also
died of mechanical injuries and poisoning as control group
II. After HE-stained and immunohistochemistry-stained (SP)
for the slices, the expression of AR in coronary arteries were
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
observed and the average optical density (AOD) of positive
signal in each case were detected by using Image-Pro Plus 6.0
software. All data were statistically analyzed by SPSS 19.0
and compared among the 3 groups.
Results : There were strongly positive expression of AR in
control group II, weak positive expression in control group
I and a little weaker in the experimental group. The results
of computer image analysis and statistical analysis : ①
Compared with control groupII, AR expressed in coronary
arteries were significantly reduced in experimental group
and control group I. ②There was no significant statistical
difference between experimental group and control group
I (P>0.05); There was no significant statistical difference
between experimental group and control groupII (P>0.05).
③ There was no significant statistical difference between
males and females(P>0.05). Conclusion The expression of
AR in coronary artery was reduced in CHD patients, which
suggested that androgen may have favorable effects on the
cardiovascular system.
SUDDEN DEATH; SUDDEN CORONARY
DEATH; ANDROGEN RECEPTOR
KEYWORDS
O 17-3
ESTIMATION OF POSTMORTEM INTERVALS USING
FTIR SPECTROSCOPIC IMAGING METHOD
The importance of determining the postmortem intervals is
crucial to criminal, civil and forensic cases. Fourier transform
infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic imaging is a highly versatile,
label free chemical imaging method which can be applied to
study a wide range of samples and systems. The technique
exploiting the imaging changes of the different chemical
functions for different from time zero to 168 h postmortem
at molecular level, to estimate the postmortem interval (PMI)
was investigated. There were three different types of imaging
changes after death based on the spectral imaging results : (1)
the imaging area of some bands increased continuously (e. g.,
C–H stretching region), (2) the imaging area of other bands
decreased continuously (e.g., PO2_ symmetric stretching),
and (3) other bands remained relatively stable (e.g., C–OH
bending, CO–O–C antisymmetric stretching). The imagine
KEYWORDS P O S T M O R T E M I N T E RVA L ; F T I R
SPECTROSCOPIC IMAGING; ABSORBANCE BAND
O 17-4
MUTATIONS OF DESMOGLEIN-2 IN SUDDEN DEATH
FROM ARRHYTHMOGENIC RIGHT VENTRICULAR
CARDIOMYOPATHY AND SUDDEN UNEXPLAINED
DEATH
Mingchang Zhang1, Fabio Tavora2 , Allen Burke2
1
Department of Forensic Medicine, Fudan University, shanghai,
China; 2Medical Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore,
United States
Desmoglein-2 (DSG2), a member of the desmosomal
cadherin superfamily, has been linked to arrhythmogenic
right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC)which may cause
life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death.
Fatal arrhythmias resulting in sudden death also occur in the
absence of morphologic cardiac abnormalities at autopsy.
We sequenced all 15 exons of DSG2 in DNA extracted
from post-mortem heart tissues of 25 patients dying with
ARVC and 25 from sudden unexplained death (SUD). The
primers were designed using the Primer Express 3.0 software.
Direct sequencing for both sense and antisense strands was
performed with a BigDye Terminator DNA sequencing kit on
a 3130 xl Genetic Analyzer. Mutation damage prediction was
made using Mutation Taster, Polyphen and SIFT software. 2
DSG2 mutations (p. S1026Q fsX12, p. G678R)in two ARVC
samples and 2 DSG2 mutations (p. E 896K, p. A858 V) in two
SUD samples were identified, all the mutations were novel.
We concluded that DSG2 mutations may not specific for
ARVC and may be related to the fatal arrhythmic events even
in patients with a morphological normal heart.
KEYWORDS DESMOSOMAL MUTATION; ARRHYTHMOGENIC
RIGHT VENTRICULAR CARDIOMYOPATHY; SUDDEN
321
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
Ping Huang1, Shiying Li1, Kaifei Deng1, Yiwen Luo 1, Qiran
Sun1, Che Xu 1, Yijiu Chen1
1
Department of Forensic Pathology, Institute of Forensic
Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, China; 2Physical
Analysis Division, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of
Justice, Shanghai, China
areas of absorbance band were found to display either a
significant increase or decrease with increasing time after
death. of the imaging area of the various absorbance bands
investigated to find the best fit with the cubic model function.
Comparison of the rat imaging result with selected human
postmortem cases showed similar postmortem changes. In
conclusion, FTIR spectroscopic imaging can support further
study for estimating short-term and long-term PMI. Upon
future validation, FTIR spectroscopic imaging can offer
advantages in combination with established methods to
improve PMI estimation.
WFF2014
UNEXPLAINED DEATH
Guangzhou, China; 2Faculty of Forensic Science, Southern
Medical University, Guangzhou, China
O 17-5
The cause of death for the decomposed corpses recovered
from water is still a difficult issue in current forensic practice.
The presence of diatoms in the closed organs of a cadaver
has been regard as an indicator of death by drowning.
Quantitative and qualitative analysis of diatoms in the body
tissues like lungs, liver, kidneys and bone marrow can lead
not only to the cause of death, but it may also help pinpoint
a suspected drowning site. During the last few decades,
many scientists have developed various diatom test methods
individually in order to isolate diatoms from tissues samples
and enrich diatoms successfully, such as acid digestion
method, enzymatic method, soluene-350 method. And then
diatoms were enriched by centrifugation or membrane
filtering. The observation and identification of diatoms was
based on the light microscopy. It is a professional work and
very difficult for forensic experts. Tamaska found that only
small diatom valves or valve fragments could penetrate as far
as the bone marrow (femur) during drowning (according to
Tamaska < 15 μm), thus making a magnification of between
630× and 1000× absolutely necessary for the detection.
But researchers tended to use magnifications lower than
400×. This may be one of the reasons that Pollanen found
that diatoms of the bone marrow are demonstrated in only
one third of freshwater drowning. The scanning electron
microscopy with advantage of high magnification and
resolution, has been used in the forensic diatom test for years.
It was proven to be a important tool for diatom test. However,
atlas of diatoms pictured by SEM was absent. In order to
compile the atlas, 119 different water samples, from 22
provinces, autonomous regions or municipalities, spread over
different locations of the Yellow River, the Yangtze River and
the Pearl River in China were sampled by us. About 50 ml
water of each sampling site was digested and then observed
by scanning electron microscopy. The diatom genera found
in samples were recorded. In the results, 24 diatom genera,
including Achnanthes, Amprhora, Caloneis, Cocconeis,
Coscinodiscus, Cyclotella, Cymatopleura, Cymbella,
Diatoma, Diploneis, Fragilaria, Gomphonema, Gyrosigma,
Hantzschia, Melosira, Navicula, Nitzschia, Pinnularia,
Rhoicosphenia, Stauroneis, Stephanodisus, Surirella,
Synedra, Tabellaria, were found in all the samples. Navicula,
Nitzschia, Cyclotella, Synedra and Gomphonema were
commonly presented (>70%) across the broad geographical
region. Hundreds of diatoms pictures were taken by SEM, it
would be a valuable reference of diatoms identification for
forensic experts.
FORENSIC APPLICATION OF MICRORNA AS A TOOL
FOR DROWNING PATTERN IDENTIFICATION
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
Hyungseok Kim1, Joo-Young Na3 , Jong-Tae Park1
1
Department of Forensic Medicine, Chonnam National
Universtity Medical School, Gwangju, Korea (South); 2Research
Institute of Forensic Science, Gwangju, Korea (South); 3Forensic
Medicine Division, National Forensic Service, Jangseong, Korea
(South)
Forensic RNA research using microRNA is just implicated
in body fluid identification, but the use of understanding for
biological process in post-mortem pathology has not been
proposed. This study has performed animal experiments
to compare between fresh and salt water drowning model,
and miRNA expression were analyzed in the brain through
a forward bioinformatics screening approach. We identified
8 specific microRNAs which are increased in fresh water
and decreased in salt water. Among them, miR-706 as a
potent biomarker for the drowning pattern identification to
target HCN1 gene. A higher expression of miR-706 was
detected in fresh water drowning group than control and salt
water drowning group (p<0.05, and p<0.01, respectively).
HCN1 mRNA expression, suggested candidate target for
miR-706, was decreased in fresh water group (p<0.01), and
showed statistical difference between fresh and salt water
drowning (p<0.01). And miR-706 was specifically expressed
in hippocampal neuron by in situ hybridization. This study
showed that specific microRNA may provide a new clue
for understating of some crime scene investigation and
pathobiological process in the dead body.
This work was supported by the National Research
Foundation of Korea Grant funded by the Korean
Government.
(NRF-2013R1A1A2007621)
M I C R O R N A ; D E AT H P R O C E S S ;
DROWNING
KEYWORDS
O 17-6
INVESTIGATION OF DIATOMS IN CHINA WITH
SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
Jian Zhao1, Yuzhong Wang2 , Chao Liu1, Sunlin Hu1, He Shi1
1
Forensic Pathology, Guangzhou Forensic Science Institute,
322
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
FORENSIC PATHOLOGY; DROWNING;
DIATOM TEST
KEYWORDS
Conclusions : Young women, with children and with low
socioeconomic status are the most affected by intimate
partner violence in our region. Information on IPV victims is
important to evaluate existing policies, to finding appropriate
responses and making the best use of resources.
ORAL PRESENTATION 18
KEYWORDS
CLINICAL FORENSIC MEDICINE (CFM): TBC 2
INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE; PROFILE;
VICTIM
O 18-1
IS THERE AN INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE
VICTIM’S PROFILE?
Mercedes Dominguez1, Rebeca Dieguez1, Jose Ignacio
Munoz-Barus1, 2 , Natalia Perez3 , Gumersindo Guinarte3 ,
Fernando Vazquez-Portomene3 , Maria Sol RodriguezCalvo1, 2
1
Department of Pathology and Forensic Science, University
of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
2
Institute of Forensic Sciences, University of Santiago de
Compostela, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
3
Institute of Criminology, University of Santiago de Compostela,
Santiago de Compostela, Spain
EVALUATION OF MEDICAL MALPRACTICE
LITIGATIONS IN BEIJING, CHINA, 2002-2011
Tiantong Yang1, Di Lu1, Lin Chang1, Xu Wang1, Shengli Di1,
Haidong Zhang1, Xiang Zhang2 , David Fowler2 , Ling Li2
1
Collaborative Innovation Center of Judicial Civilization,
College of Evidence Science, China University of Political
Science and Law, Beijing, China; 2Forensic Pathology, Office
of The Chief Medical Examiner, State of Maryland, Baltimore,
United States
In the past 10 years, medical malpractice litigation has
become a public health and social issue in China. Although
the numbers of alleged medical malpractice cases have
increased significantly in China, very few studies have been
done to demonstrate the extent and characteristics of the
alleged medical malpractice cases, the forensic evaluations
and conclusions, as well as the judicial outcomes. This
study aims to evaluate the medical malpractice litigations in
Beijing.
The Key Laboratory of Evidence Science (KLES) at
China University of Political Science and Law (CULP)
is responsible for investigation of almost all the alleged
medical malpractice cases in Beijing. A retrospective study
conducted by the KLES-CUPL revealed that a total of 1515
alleged medical malpractice cases were investigated by
forensic medical experts between 2002 and 2011 in Beijing.
of the 1515 cases, 45.2% were male patients and 54.8% were
female patients. The age of the patients ranged from newborn
to 90 years, with average age of 44 years. The alleged medical
malpractice cases involved 11.3% of newborns with 15.3%
(N=231) of young adult aged between 21 and 30 years,
followed by 14.7% (N=222) of patients aged between 41 and
50 years. From 2002 to 2006, the average number of medical
malpractice litigations was 123 cases per year, while from
2007 to 2011 the average number of medical malpractice
litigations was 180 per year, a 46% increase. of the 1515
cases, 588 (38.8%) litigations were due to the patients’ death.
Clinical departments involved in claims most often were
323
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
Introduction : Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a
significant worldwide problem with important social and
health consequences. Because its magnitude and risk
factors vary across different settings and cultures, it is a
priority to improve the knowledge on this issue in order
to formulate better evidence-based policy responses. The
aim of the present study is to analyze the characteristics of
intimate partner violence victims from a medico-legal and
criminological perspective and to test if a profile of victim
can be ascertained.
Material and Methods : A retrospective analysis of IPV cases
from the prosecutor office of Santiago de Compostela (NW
Spain) was carried out. The period under study extended from
January 2005 to December 2012, with a total of 582 files
included in the investigation. A descriptive and comparative
analysis of the variables was carried out.
Results : IPV victims showed different socio-demographic
characteristics although some features deserve special
attention. Most of them were young adult women (mean 37
years old), of Spanish origin, either married or single, with
children, unemployed and with a low family income level.
Only 15% reported having some type of addiction. They lived
with the abuser an average of 10 years and more than half
had suffered a physical and/or psychological aggression. At
the time of the abusive event, 64.5% lived with their children.
Victim’s profile could be determined with an error of 20%.
O 18-2
WFF2014
obstetrics (18.8%), followed by orthopedics (13.1%), general
surgery (11.5%), and gynecology (8.3%). Based on the
appraisal conclusion by the Forensic Appraisal Committee
at Fada Forensic Institute (one of the national forensic
appraisal agencies in China), medical error was found in
945 (62.4%) cases. of the 945 medical malpractice cases,
the top medical misadventures were : improper performance
of procedures (35.5%), insufficient diagnostic examination
(22.8%), diagnostic error (13.2%), medication error (12.3%),
and failure to provide timely rescue efforts (6.7%). Teaching
hospitals were the sites of litigations in 63.6% (N=963)
with confirmed malpractice cases of 62.3% (N=600).
While non-teaching hospitals were the sites of litigations in
36.4% (N=552) with confirmed malpractice cases of 62.5%
(N=345).
In summary, medical malpractice litigations increased
significantly in Beijing in the past 10 years. More than one
thirds of litigations were due to patients’ death. Medical error
or medical malpractice was confirmed by forensic appraisal
in 62.4% cases. Although teaching hospitals were more
likely to be sued than the nonteaching hospitals, there was
no significant difference between teaching and nonteaching
hospitals in the percentage of confirmed malpractice cases.
KEYWORDS CLINICAL FORENSIC MEDICINE; MEDICAL
MALPRACTICE; JUDICIAL APPRAISAL
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
O 18-3
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE FORENSIC MEDICINE IN
DIAGNOSING OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES IN TURKEY
Yuksel Yazici1, Suheyla Aliustaoglu1, Haluk Ince2 , Atiye
Sozen2 , Seyma Yenil3 , Cuneyt Cenger2 , Ahmet Acar3 , Yilmaz
Yazici3 , Mustafa Erelel4 , Ayse Demirel3
1
Forensic Medicine, Council of Justice Ministry, Istanbul,
Turkey; 2Forensic Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul
Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; 3Public Health, Istanbul
University, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey;
4
Pulmonology, Istanbul University, Istanbul Medical Faculty,
Istanbul, Turkey
Introduction : In Turkey, 9, 030, 202 employees were
registered as insured in 2011. When we look at the number
of the work accidents and occupational diseases of the
insured employees, we see 69227 work accidents and 697
occupational diseases according to SSK’s (Social Insurance
Institution) statistics. When we examine the distribution of
these 697 occupational diseases, we see that 68% of them
resulted from coal dust. When we talk about occupational
324
diseases in Turkey, the most common diseases are the
ones resulting from dust, then comes lead poisoning and
occupational skin diseases. According to the figures, the
number of occupational diseases is quite few. Clinical
forensic medicine is the last decision maker in Turkey in the
cases, which entered into judicial process within the concept
of occupational diseases, and other diseases related to work.
The purpose of our study is to set forth the approach of the
forensic medicine in this process.
Material and Method : In our study, we represented the
percentage and mean of demographic and clinic features
of the cases that were diagnosed as occupational disease
by the diagnosis criteria (ILO International Classification
of Pneumoconiosis) and the ones that were not among
pneumoconiosis cases sent by courts in Turkey between
April 2009 and March 2012 to be decided whether they were
occupational disease.
Findings : 1526 cases in total between the employers and
employees were sent by courts to be examined and decided
whether they were occupational diseases. All of the cases
were males and all of them were working in coalmines.
Whereas 1-10 cases were coming from courts since 2009, it
rose up to 93 since 2010. However, none of the 93 cases sent
by the court in Mach 2012 was diagnosed as occupational
disease. 7.2% (n : 110) of the 1526 cases were diagnosed as
pneumoconiosis occupational disease.
Discussion and Conclusion : As a developing country, Turkey
has put forth great figures since 2003 with the working areas
it offers and the improvement percentage it shows. It has
also been struggling with work accidents and occupational
diseases by the regulations it has enacted in the area of
occupational health and safety. 1700 of the 69, 000 work
accidents resulted in death in 2011. Work accidents and
occupational diseases are criminal events. For this reason,
forensic science experts are consulted for their views during
judicial processes. A team of authorities from forensic science
expert, chest disease specialist, and public health specialist
share their views with the court on these issues. The fact that
only 7.2% among the cases sued by courts as pneumoconiosis
were diagnosed as occupational disease is quite challenging
for occupational health and safety. In our study we discussed
all these processes.
WORK ACCIDENTS; OCCUPATIONAL
DISEASES; CLINICAL FORENSIC MEDICINE
KEYWORDS
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
O 18-4
O 18-5
MEDICOLEGAL CONTRIBUTION IN PUBERTY
ASSESSMENT FOR A DECISIVE JUDGMENT IN
ISLAMIC LAW
THE DELIVERY OF CLINICAL FORENSIC MEDICAL
SERVICE IN SAUDI ARABIA
Kholoud Sami Alsowayigh , Mamdouh Zaki , Alhanouf
Alsowayigh1
1
Senior Forensic Medicine Examiner, Forensic Medicine Center,
Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; 2Forensic Medical Examiner, Forensic
Medicine Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
1
1
KEYWORDS
PUBERTY; ISLAMIC LAW; FORENSIC
The kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a large and expansive
country with a population of about 30 million. Islam is the
religion of the country and state. Clinical forensic services
in the country deal with a variety of clinical issues including
rape (females and males and of a wide age range), age
determination, assessement of bodily injuries, child abuse,
domestic violence abuse and other responsibilities. Although
the country is a traditional conservative islamic country
the role of the well - qualified and well- trained, female based clinical forensic nurse is non- existent. The directorate
of forensic medical forensic services is embarking on a
strategy to revamp and modif the delivery of the clinical
forensic medical service for sexual assault concerning
women and children to be staffed by female clinical forensic
nurses dealing. Male clinical fornensic nurses will also be
encouraged to develop and become a recognized entity to
take part in the similar delivery of clinical forensic medical
services dealing with sexual assault on men.
The interplay of religious judgements (rules, edicts and
principles) and forensic sciences in the handling and
processing of clinical forensic medical cases will be
discussed as this might allow the attendants an opportunity to
learn about this unique and interesting interaction.
KEYWORDS
SEXUAL ASSAULT; RELIGION; FORENSIC
NURSE
O 18-6
IDENTIFYING THE MINIMUM KNOWLEDGE LEVEL
OF PHYSICIANS IN TERMS OF INFORMED CONSENT
AT ISTANBUL FACULTY OF MEDICINE, ISTANBUL
UNIVERSITY
Cuneyt Cenger1, Giray Kolcu2 , Atiye Sozen1, Yılmaz Yazici3 ,
Ayse Demirel3 , Sebnem Korur1, Haluk Ince1
1
Forensic Medicine, Istanbul University Istanbul Medical
Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; 2Community Health Center, Ministry
of Health, Department of Selçuklu, Konya, Turkey; 3Public
Health, Istanbul University Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul,
Turkey
325
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
Puberty is the process of physical changes by which a
child’s body matures into an adult body capable of sexual
reproduction to enable fertilization. In response to the signals
from the brain, the gonads produce hormones that stimulate
libido and the growth, function, and transformation of the
brain, bones, muscle, blood, skin, hair, breasts, and sexual
organs. Physical growth, height and weight, accelerates in
the first half of puberty and is completed when the child has
developed an adult body.
The definition of the onset of puberty may depend on
perspective (e.g., hormonal versus physical) and purpose
(establishing population normal standards, clinical care
of early or late pubescent individuals, etc.). A common
definition for the onset of puberty is physical changes to a
person’s body and this is the most accepted according to the
Islamic law. These physical changes are the first visible signs
of neural, hormonal, and gonadal function changes.
In living subjects, puberty assessment by medicolegal
experts is frequently requested by the legal authorities to
establish an individual’s status as a minor in cases involving
criminal responsibility, place of keeping in custody, child
pornography, consideration of marriage, and also those
seeking protection in official shelters, especially where
adequate identification documents are lacking.
The aim of the current study is to review the legal
consequences of medicolegal assessment and recognition
of the onset of puberty and its various stages in the forensic
clinic, in the light of Islamic law or doctrine for Muslims
“Shari’ah Law” applied until now in many Islamic countries.
Consequently, the current work will propose the
implementation of a unified policy in the assessment
of puberty in different healthcare institutes as well as
forensic medicolegal centers. Simplified guidelines for the
interpretation of clinical findings in a two way bilingual
policy (English/Arabic) will be provided as well.
Khalid Jaber, Manal Ba Mousa
Ministry of Health, Directorate of Forensic Medical Centres,
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
WFF2014
Introduction : Informed consent includes detailed verbal and
written consent, which is obtained after responding to the
patient’s questions on his/her disease and its treatment, using
language that the patient can understand, allowing the patient
to achieve the necessary knowledge of the circumstances.
After being convinced that his/her patient is capable of
deciding on his/her treatment, the physician informs the
patient on their current state of health; diagnoses that is made;
type of treatment that will be used to manage intervention
of the physical integrity; the success rate and duration of
treatment;and the risks of treatment to the patient’s health.
Aim : Identifying the minimum knowledge level of
physicians at Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul
University in terms of informed consent.
Material and Method : We used the Physicians’ Minimum
Knowledge Level of Informed Consent Survey. Face to face
interviews were conducted with 350 physicians through
March and April, 2014. Results were assessed with Chisquare test and Somers’ D test.
Findings : Seventeen of the participants reported that there
was no informed consent form in their department regarding
medical practice. The average age of the physicians who
had informed consent forms in their department regarding
medical practice was 32.84 9.73 (min : 24 max : 65), 58%
were male, 52% were single, 56.2% were aged under
30 years. of the participants, 97% obtained the informed
consent verbally and 59.5% provided a written form. A total
of 41.4% of the participants reported that only residents
gave information regarding suggested treatment in their
clinic, and 30% of the participants allowed the patient more
than 20 minutes to comprehend the information. Whilst
62.5% received training on informed consent; 87.7%
of the participants still require training. We determined
that nonsurgical branches provide information regarding
medication that will be prescribed for treatment more
often than the surgical branches. However, contrary to the
physicians in nonsurgical branches, physicians in the surgical
branches provide written information more frequently,
but they believe that informed consent will not protect
them against malpractice lawsuits (p<0.005). The ratio of
physicians who have concerns about malpractice lawsuits
despite having informed consent is 57.7%.
Discussion Training has been planned for the departments as
an outcome of this survey since the physicians’ main concern
was malpractice lawsuits regarding unprotectiveness of
informed consent practice. While the practice of obtaining
written consent in the surgical branches has become a
standard practice, informing of pharmacotherapy is observed
more often in nonsurgical departments.
326
INFORMED CONSENT; MALPRACTICE;
STANDARD PRACTICE
KEYWORDS
ORAL PRESENTATION 19
FORENSIC GENETICS & BIOLOGY (GB):
NEW TECHNOLOGY
O 19-1
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A MASS
SPECTROMETRY BASED APPROACH FOR THE
IDENTIFICATION OF BIOLOGICAL STAINS
Heather Mazzanti1, Kevin Legg2 , Christian Westring3 ,
Phillip Danielson4
1
Forensic Science, Arcadia University/The Center for Forensic
Science Research & Education, Willow Grove, United States;
2
Forensic Science, The Center for Forensic Science Research
& Education, Willow Grove, United States; 3Criminalistics,
NMS Labs, Willow Grove, United States; 4Biology, University of
Denver, Denver, United States
In certain criminal cases, such as sexual assaults, biological
stain characterization is important. Current assays employed
by forensic practitioners, however, yield only presumptive
results. There are well documented instances of positive
results obtained with non-target body fluids. Additionally,
for some biological fluids, such as vaginal fluid, there are
no available tests. Therefore, a more accurate approach for
biological stain identification is well warranted.
Using state-of-the-art protein characterization technologies,
the proteomes for six body fluids; peripheral and menstrual
blood, vaginal fluid, semen, urine and saliva, have been
characterized. High specificity protein biomarkers were
selected and tested for each biological fluid. Current research
has expanded this work by developing and validating a
multiplex assay for the simultaneous identification of the
six aforementioned biological fluids. The developed assay
for the targeted biomarkers employs multiple reaction
monitoring (MRM) on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer
(QQQ). This facilitates highly selective and specific fluid
identification from any single or mixed source samples.
Validation of this multiplex assay thus far has included
sensitivity studies, reproducibility studies, repeatability
studies and species specificity studies. Results of these
studies have determined that this method can accurately and
reliably confirm protein biomarkers for the identification of
biological stains in casework-type samples.
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
SEROLOGY; MASS SPECTROMETRY;
PROTEOMICS
KEYWORDS
O 19-2
A NOVEL FORENSIC APPROACH TOWARDS
DETERMINING TIME OF DEATH UTILIZING SALIVA
GLYCOSYLATION
Hyun Joo An
Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology,
Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea (South)
KEYWORDS
POST MORTEM INTERVAL; SALIVA;
GLYCOME
O 19-3
DETECTION OF MALE DONOR DNA IN SIMULATED
PHYSICAL CONTACT/ASSAULT MIXTURE SAMPLES
USING ENHANCED ONE-STEP MICRO-VOLUME DNA
PROFILING OF ISOLATED BIO-PARTICLES
Katherine Farash1, Erin Hanson2 , Jack Ballantyne3
1
Forensic Science Graduate Program, Biochemistry Track,
Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida,
Orlando, United States; 2National Center for Forensic Science,
University of Central Florida, Orlando, United States;
3
Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida,
Orlando, United States
The ability to obtain profiles from trace biological evidence is
routinely demonstrated with so-called’touch DNA evidence’
(generally perceived to be the result of DNA obtained from
shed skin cells transferred from donor to an object or person
during physical contact). Current methods for the recovery of
trace DNA employ cotton swabs or adhesive tape to sample
an area of interest. While of practical utility such a’blindswabbing’ approach will necessarily co-sample cellular
material from the different individuals whose cells are present
on the item, even if the individuals’ cells are located in
geographically distinct locations on the item. Thus some of
the DNA mixtures encountered in such touch DNA samples
are artificially created by the swabbing itself. In some
instances, a victim’s DNA may be found in significant excess
thus masking any potential perpetrator’s DNA.
In order to circumvent the challenges with standard
recovery and analysis methods for touch DNA evidence,
we have developed a lower-cost, ’smart analysis’ method
that results in enhanced genetic analysis of touch DNA
327
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
In forensics science, accurately establishing a person’s
time of death can often make the difference between a
conviction and an acquittal. However, standard methods of
post mortem interval (PMI) estimation are easily confounded
by extenuating circumstances and/or environmental factors.
Therefore, a panel of PMI markers is often necessary
to definitely establish time of death. We propose saliva
glycosylation as a potential new source of PMI markers.
Glycosylation is highly affected by its biochemical
environment, and numerous studies have linked changes
in glycosylation to diseases and other changes in the
body’s metabolism. Saliva, in particular, is extremely rich
in glycosylation and may be easily collected from (most)
dead bodies, potentially providing forensic investigators
with a novel way of estimating time of death. Since access
to recently-deceased humans was limited, we decided to
validate the concept using rat saliva. Rats were killed by
carbon dioxide, and saliva samples were collected at various
time points both before and after death. N-glycans were
enzymatically released by PNGase F. Released glycans
were purified and fractionated by solid phase extraction.
Enriched N-glycans were identified, profiled, and structurally
elucidated by both MALDI-TOF/TOF and nano-LC Q-TOF
MS. Statistical methods were used to evaluate the efficacy
of individual glycan markers as indicators of PMI. Rat saliva
was found to include a large diversity of N-glycans, including
high mannose type, truncated complex type, fucosylated
complex type, and both NeuGc- and NeuAc-sialylated
complex type glycans. Glycan compositions were initially
assigned by accurate mass, then confirmed by tandem
MS. Isomers were differentiated by retention time. Large
differences were readily apparent in the saliva N-glycan
profile of live rats and those that had been deceased for
various periods of time. Visual inspection of both MALDIMS spectra and nano-LC/MS chromatograms confirmed
several-fold differences in the abundances of several potential
PMI marker glycans. In particular, high mannose type and
fucosylated complex type glycans were found to increase
in abundance following death. In addition, the degree of
fucosylation (up to a maximum of four fucoses), as well the
degree of glycan branching (up to four antennae) increased
in saliva N-glycans following death. Finally, two specific
glycans (Hex4HexNAc7Fuc2 and Hex5HexNAc6Fuc4) were
found to be exclusively present in the saliva of deceased
rats. While translation of these results to human saliva
will eventually be necessary for practical application, the
preliminary data provide a proof of concept and serve as a
basis from which to expand our knowledge of glycosylation
changes after death.
WFF2014
evidence (e.g. worn clothing items, touched/handled objects,
skin/skin mixtures). A one-step 5ml micro-volume lysis/
STR amplification reaction permits the recovery of full
or probative STR profiles of the donor of single (or few)
bio-particles recovered from touch DNA evidence (e.g.
worn clothing items and other household items, touched/
handled objects and surfaces, skin/skin mixtures). The use of
individual or few (i.e. “clumps”) of bio-particles results in the
ability to obtain single source profiles.
Here we demonstrate the successful use of our developed
“smart” analysis methods for touch DNA evidence with
the ability to recover probative single source profiles from
single and “clumped” bio-particles from various touched
objects and clothing items. With the feasibility of this method
demonstrated, we then report the use of this approach for the
detection of male donor DNA (single source) in simulated
physical contact/assault mixture samples (e.g. perpetrator
grabbing a victim’s wrist, neck or clothing, or contact with
victim’s bedding as in sexual assaults). Probative profiles
were obtained from 33% and 40% of the single and clumped
bio-particles tested and the male donor was identified in every
mixture sample tested.
The results of this work demonstrate an enhanced alternative
strategy for the recovery of a single source perpetrator DNA
profile in forensic physical contact/assault cases that may not
be possible using standard recovery and analysis techniques.
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
KEYWORDS TOUCH DNA; MICRO-VOLUME DNA
PROFILING; PHYSICAL CONTACT MIXTURES
correlation of aging with DNA methylation have been
described in the human genome, providing a set of potential
marker candidates for age prediction. In the present study
we developed a methylation assay relying on bisulfite
conversion and pyrosequencing, and employed it to evaluate
7 CpG sites located in the ELOVL2 gene promoter. The
final linear regression model, which was built on the basis
of 303 samples, included 2 CpG sites and explained 85%
variation in age, allowing for age estimation with prediction
error = 7.1 years. Examination of an independent set of 124
blood samples showed that 68.8% of samples were correctly
predicted, assuming that chronological and predicted ages
matched ±7 years. Experiments with bloodstains stored at
room temperature for 5, 10 and 15 years showed that the
average age prediction success rate was similar and equaled
64%. The obtained results show that the methylation status of
the ELOVL2 gene promoter is a good source of information
about human chronological age and can be applied in forensic
age estimation from blood, including old bloodstains.
DNA-BASED AGE PREDICTION; DNA
METHYLATION; ELOVL2
KEYWORDS
O 19-5
AUTOSOMAL SNP GENOTYPING OF ARTIFICIALLY
DEGRADED DNA BY USING UV IRRADIATION
Mitsuyo Machida, Kazuhiko Kibayashi
Legal Medicine, Tokyo Womens Medical University, Tokyo,
Japan
O 19-4
VALIDATION OF ELOVL2 METHYLATION MARKER
FOR ESTIMATION OF CHRONOLOGICAL AGE IN
FORENSICS
Renata Zbiec-Piekarska1, Magdalena Spolnicka1, Tomasz
Kupiec2 , Żanetta Makowska1, Anna Spas1, Agnieszka ParysProszek2 , Krzysztof Kucharczyk3 , Rafał Ploski1, Wojciech
Branicki2
1
Department of Biology, Central Forensic Laboratory of The
Police, Warsaw, Poland; 2Section of Forensic Genetics, Institute
of Forensic Research, Krakow, Poland; 3Biovectis, Biovectis,
Warsaw, Poland; 4Department of Medical Genetics, Warsaw
Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
DNA-based prediction of chronological age in forensic
investigations may allow for better description of an
unknown individual and limit the number of potential
samples to be investigated. Many markers showing
328
DNA in biological samples is often vulnerable to
environmental factors such as high temperature, high
humidity, ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, and microorganism
contamination. Short tandem repeats (STRs) profiling,
the most commonly used method for forensic DNA
identification, is not suitable to analyze highly degraded DNA
samples, because small DNA fragments inhibit long STR
loci from being amplified in PCR reactions. We, therefore,
focused on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for
the analysis of degraded DNA. The advantage of SNP
analysis is that the amplicon sizes are as short as those of
degraded DNA. To assess the SNP sites that are susceptible to
degradation, we artificially degraded DNA by using UV light
and analyzed SNPs as a function of irradiation time.
DNA was extracted from the buccal swabs from volunteers (n
= 11) and degraded by exposing them to UV irradiation for 5,
15, 30, 60, or 120 min. The SNP genotyping was performed
using 24 primers reported previously in the literature. This
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
study was approved by the ethics committee at Tokyo
Women’s Medical University.
This study showed that 72% of SNPs were detectable after
120 min of UV irradiation. SNPs as binary polymorphisms
were divided into homo and hetero types. After 120 min of
UV irradiation, the numbers of detectable SNPs significantly
decreased from 17.6 ± 2.3 to 14.4 ± 2.4 in homo-type SNPs
(p < 0.05) and decreased from 6.5 ± 2.3 to 2.9 ± 1.3 in heterotype SNPs (p < 0.01). Allele drop-in and drop-out occurred
in SNPs exposed to 5 min of UV irradiation. Although we
did not find a difference in the incidence of allele drop-in for
the four base types at the SNPs, adenine was dropped out
more frequently than that for the other three base types after
120 min of UV irradiation (p < 0.05). Approximately 30%
of SNP genotypes differed from those in the absence of UV
irradiation, when UV light was applied for 120 min. Only
30% of the SNPs damaged by 120 min of UV irradiation
could be repaired using the PreCR Repair Mix.
The results of this study indicate that (1) both homo- and
hetero-type SNPs are affected by degradation, (2) adenine is
the base that is the most susceptible to drop-out, and (3) UVdamaged SNPs are less repaired. Hence, adenine drop-out
should be considered in the interpretation of SNP analyses
of degraded DNA. Moreover, we speculated that DNA repair
was difficult once DNA samples were exposed to UV light for
long periods because of base modifications.
KEYWORDS
SNP; DEGRADED DNA; UV IRRADIATION
KEYWORDS ABO GENOTYPE; PEPTIDE NUCLEIC ACID;
FLUORESCENCE MELTING CURVE ANALYSIS
ORAL PRESENTATION 20
TOXICOLOGY / ILLICIT DRUGS (TI):
TOXICOLOGY
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
O 19-6
of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and mutation.
Peptide Nucleic Acid (PNA) is a nucleic acid analog in
which the sugar phosphate backbone has been replaced by
a synthetic peptide backbone. The PNA-DNA hybridization
is more unstable than the DNA-DNA hybridization in base
mismatches such as SNPs and point mutations. We developed
a new method for ABO genotyping using the PNA probe
based FMCA (PNA-FMCA). FMCA specific primers were
designed to select three single nucleotide polymorphism
(SNP) sites (nucleotide positions 261, 526, and 803) of exons
6 and 7 in ABO gene. PNA probes were dual-labeled and
self-quenched probe which was tagged to the fluorescence
(FAM, HEX, Texas Red) in C-terminal and the quencher
in N-terminal. In this study, PNA-FMCA allowed for the
simultaneous detection of three SNPs and the determination
of ABO genotypes. To compare the accuracy of PNAFMCA, we tested 30 whole blood samples by PNA-FMCA
and previous method using allele-specific PCR. The ABO
genotypes of PNA-FMCA and allele-specific PCR showed
same results (3, 6, 1, 9, 5, and 6 samples for AA, AO, BB, BO,
AB, and OO, respectively).
A NEW METHOD FOR ABO GENOTYPING USING
THE PEPTIDE NUCLEIC ACID PROBE BASED
FLUORESCENCE MELTING CURVE ANALYSIS
O 20-1
Kyungmyung Lee1, Hyun-Chul Park1, Sanghyun An1, EuRee An1, Yang-Han Lee1, Si-Keun Lim1, Mi-Jung Kim2 , Jae
Sin Park3 , Jin Wook Jung3
1
Forensic DNA Division, National Forensic Service, GangwonDo, Korea (South); 2Forensic DNA Division, Busan Institute,
National Forensic Service, Yangsan-Si, Gyeongnam, Korea
(South); 3Department of Technical Development, Seasun
Biomaterials, Daejeon, Korea (South)
Thomas Keller1, Andrea Keller1, Michael Boettcher2 , Ulrich
Preiss3 , Fabio Monticelli1
1
Toxicology Department, Institute of Forensic Medicine,
Salzburg, Austria; 2MVZ, Labor Dessau, Dessau-Rosslau,
Germany; 3Forensic Medicine, Institute of Forensic Medicine,
Oldenburg, Germany
ABO genotyping has been routinely used for narrowing
down suspects or unknown remains in crime investigation
and personal identification of a decomposed body.
Fluorescence Melting Curve Analysis (FMCA) based on
melting temperature (Tm) generated by thermal denaturation
of the probe-target hybrid is a powerful tool for detection
DRUGS AND DRIVING IN SALZBURG AND UPPER
AUSTRIA BETWEEN 2003-2012
In Austria the legislation related to road traffic and safety is
laid down in the road traffic act. Until 2002 a blood sample
could not be drawn in Austria due to the regulations stipulated
by the Austrian constitution. Since the revision of article
5 of the Austrian road traffic act in 2003 it now states that
any person in a state of impairment due to alcohol or drugs
of abuse may not drive a car or put a car into operation.
329
WFF2014
During the years 2003-2012 alcohol, pharmaceuticals and
drugs of abuse were analyzed in 2368 blood samples from
suspected drivers under the influence of alcohol, drugs and/
or medication. A wide variety of illict drugs and medications
as well as alcohol could be detected in the blood samples
taken. Cannabis (49%), opiates (22%), amphetamines
(17%) and cocaine (12%) were the drugs with the highest
prevalence. Among the legal medications benzodiazepines
(21%) were the substance class mostly detected. In the time
period under consideration a newly developed urinary roadsite-test system, Check 24, with two different cut-off-levels
for THCCOOH-glucuronide was evaluated. Using this test a
better differentiation between a recent and temporal earlier
cannabis consumption was possible. Conclusions whether or
not the driver is under the actual influence of cannabis can be
drawn using this test device. The technology of pupillography
was also applied in cases of drugged driving and clearly
showed the predictibility of the presence of at least one
central nervous active substance in the blood of a suspected
drugged driver.
KEYWORDS DUID, DRUGS OF ABUSE; ALCOHOL,
PUPILLOGRAPHY; AUSTRIA
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
O 20-2
COMPARISON OF ALL IONS TIME-OF-FLIGHT
(AITOF) AND QUADRUPOLE TIME-OF-FLIGHT
(QTOF) TECHNOLOGY FOR SCREENING OF NOVEL
PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES IN FORENSIC
TOXICOLOGY CASEWORK
Barry Logan1, Jared Castellani1, Alexander Maggitti1,
Matthew Mcmullin1
1
Toxicology, Nms Labs, Willow Grove, United States;
2
Toxicology, Center for Forensic Science Research and
Education, Willow Grove, United States
There is increasing interest in the use of high resolution
liquid chromatography mass-spectrometry (HR-LCMS)
for drug screening in forensic toxicology casework. The
technique offers increased specificity and sensitivity over
established immunological screening methods, and more
rapid run time and less labor intensive sample preparation
than conventional GCMS Screening. In traditional TOF
testing, the lack of fragmentation allows identification
strictly through a retention time and accurate mass relative
to the expected retention time and calculated exact mass,
which is based on the corresponding molecular formula
of the parent compound. In our experience, when dealing
330
with complex forensic specimens especially in postmortem
applications, many artifacts, minor metabolites, degradation
products, adduct formation, and drug analogs and isomers
can create false positives in the screen, generating
unnecessary confirmatory tests and/or many potential
candidate compounds which require manual evaluation and
manipulation to characterize the true identity of the peak.
We evaluated three ionization modes in the Agilent
1290/6530 HPLC/QTOF mass spectrometer with Jet Stream®
Technology for screening for therapeutic drugs, traditional
drugs of abuse, and novel psychoactive drugs in authentic
forensic samples. These were All- Ions Collision-Induced
Dissociation in the Source (CIDS), All-Ions Collision
Induced Dissociation in the Collision Cell (CIDCC), and
conventional Quadrupole Time of Flight (QTOF) modes.
All-Ions TOF data was acquired by setting up an acquisition
method with alternating collision energies or fragmentor
voltages in the collision cell or source chamber respectively.
Using a locally acquired database containing QTOF data/
spectra for 140 target compounds, focusing on emerging
drugs or novel psychoactive substances (NPS), the three
approaches were evaluated by analysis of blinded samples
including 47 synthetic blood samples spiked with various
combinations of drugs totaling 131 analytes, each spiked into
two different samples, 13 human postmortem blood samples
spiked with 131 analytes, and 54 postmortem patient blood
samples suspected of containing the target drugs, each at 1uL
and 10uL injection volumes. Tentative identifications were
made based on retention time (+0.25minutes), mass accuracy,
abundance thresholds, and fragmentation ions presence and
ratios compared to the spectra in the database provided, as
well as the fragment ion profiles relative to the parent mass.
Result findings were then compared to either a spiking key
(spikes) or LCMSMS confirmations of LCTOF screens for
authentic patient samples.
Assay performance at higher drug concentrations was
comparable in spiked synthetic blood samples across all
methods. At lower concentrations closer to the detection
limits, both CIDS and CIDCC had superior performance over
QTOF with respect to identification of drugs spiked into the
samples.
In the authentic postmortem patient samples previously
determined to contain drugs by LCTOF following LCMSMS
confirmation, the CIDS and CIDCC methods performed
comparably, with better performance with 10uL injections
with respect to both true positives and false negatives.
In summary, both the in-source and collision-cell
fragmentation in All Ions mode provided comparable
selectivity to QTOF LCMSMS, and performed better with
a larger (10uL) injection volume. LCTOF with in-source
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
fragmentation improves analytical selectivity for routine
applications to approximately the same degree as a QTOF
without the associated cost.
KEYWORDS
LCTOF; LCQTOF; POSTMORTEM
O 20-3
INITIAL STUDIES ON THE FUBINACA AND PINACA
SYNTHETIC CANNABINOIDS
Ashraf Mozayani1, Aybike Dip1, Michael Chen2 , Jeffrey
Walterscheid2
1
Adminstration of Justice, Texas Southern University, Houston,
Texas, United States; 2Harris County Institute of Forensic
Science, Houston, Texas, United States
FUBINACA, 5-fluoro ADB-PINACA, AB-PINACA,
ADBICA, and ADB-PINACA). The R2 values for the
standard curves were greater than 0.994 for all drugs in
the range 2.5 - 100 ng/mL. The limits of quantitation were
determined to be 0.5 – 100 ng/mL. The linearity of the curve
is suspect above 100 ng/mL. The information obtained from
these studies will be used to guide efforts for the detection
and identification of unknown metabolites.
Conclusion : The methods developed in this project have
demonstrated the ability to detect and quantitate six members
of the FUNBINACA and PINACA families in blood. Work
is currently underway to extend this method to other drugs
and to generate and determine the structure of the primary
metabolites of these drugs.
KEYWORDS
SYNTHETIC CANNABINOIDS; FUBINIACA;
PINACA
O 20-4
FATAL POISONINGS IN CHILDHOOD AND
ADOLESCENCE: DATA FROM CUKUROVA, TURKEY
Ramazan Akcan1, Ali Eren3 , Ebubekir Burak Celik2 ,
Muhammed Mustafa Arslan4 , Necmi Cekin2
1
Forensic Medicine, Hacettepe University Medical Faculty,
Ankara, Turkey; 2Forensic Medicine, Cukurova University
Medical Faculty, Adana, Turkey; 3Forensic Medicine, Council of
Forensic Medicine, Adana, Turkey; 4Forensic Medicine, Mustafa
Kemal University Medical Faculty, Hatay, Turkey
Acute poisoning, in childhood and adolescence, is still
an important public health problem, which is responsible
for serious morbidity and mortality. Acute poisoning in
childhood is mostly accidental in manner; however, it is
reported to be mostly associated with intentional selfpoisoning or substance abuse particularly regarding fatal
poisonings among adolescents and adults, in developed
countries. A great number of accidental childhood poisonings
are associated with wrongful storage or use of toxic agents.
On the other hand, a child might be poisoned due to improper
use of toxic agents by parents. Rarely a child or adolescent
may be deliberately poisoned by an adult. The risk factors,
manner and pattern of acute poisoning events vary from
country to country or change over time in same country.
Therefore, related data needs to be determined for each
country in order to find out the extent and properties of
the issue, according to which related preventive measures
might be implemented. Epidemiological data regarding
acute childhood and adolescence poisonings in Turkey is
331
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
Introduction : Hundreds of drugs that mimic the effects of
THC (synthetic cannabinoids) have been introduced to the
illicit drug market in the past several years. As legislation
has made some compounds illegal, manufacturers have
sought other analogs that are not in violation of the law.
These variations include compounds that have been given the
trivial names AB-FUBINACA and ADB-FUBINACA. ABFUBINACA was detected in blended synthetic products in
2012, and placed on the DEA Controlled Substances List as
a Schedule I drug on 10 Feb 2014. Little is known about the
metabolism of these substances or about their pharmacology.
Objective : To develop an LC/MS method for the detection
and quantitation of AB-FUBINACA and its analogs in blood,
and to determine the primary metabolites of these drugs.
Methods : Extraction methods and instrument parameters
have been developed for a procedure that involves analysis on
an Agilent 6460 Triple Quad LC/MS with Agilent 1200 Series
HPLC system. Initial tests have shown that a combination
of ethyl acetate and hexane (80 : 20) along with buffered
adjustments to pH 12 give superior liquid/liquid extraction
recovery over ethyl acetate alone. The extraction procedure
has been designed to utilize small volumes of solutions to
minimize the impact on the environment and to control costs.
Standard calibration curves have been evaluated covering
a concentration range of 2.5 ng/mL to 200 ng/mL, using
deuterated AB-PINANCA, AB-FUBINACA and ADBPINACA as internal standards.
The Phase 1 and Phase 2 metabolites of these drugs will
be generated by incubating the drug with human liver cell
(hepatocyte) cultures, and by animal models.
Results : Optimum mobile phase gradient and sample
analysis time have been established with suitable flow
rates for six of the compounds (5-fluoro ADBICA, AB-
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
WFF2014
extremely limited. Thus, the purpose of this study was to
determine detailed characteristics of poisoning related deaths
in childhood and adolescence in Cukurova, Turkey.
The records of the Public Prosecutor’s Office and of Adana
Group Administration of Council of Forensic Medicine were
used. Medico-legal death cases (n : 11742) autopsied in
Adana between 2001 and 2010 were analyzed retrospectively.
The deaths due to poisonings in childhood and adolescence
(n : 120), aged less than 18 years, were included in the study.
All cases were examined with regard to gender, age, toxic
agents responsible for poisoning, route of exposure, autopsy
and laboratory findings, sociodemographic data, place of
incident, place of death, manner of death, provided treatment,
hospital stay, and monthly distribution of cases.
The deaths due to fatal poisonings in childhood and
adolescence (120 cases) constituted 1.02% of all autopsies
performed between 2001 and 2010. The fatal poisoning
cases represented 5.8% of overall deaths in childhood and
adolescence, during the study period. Out of all 62 (51.7%)
of the victims were female and 58 (48.3%) were male,
with a female to male ratio of 1.06. The ages of victims
ranged between 2 months to 18 years, and the mean age was
11.7±6.0 years. The overwhelming majority of victims (n :
70, 58.3%) in the 14-18 age group followed by 2-5 age group
(n : 24, 20%). Pesticides were the most common toxic agents
causing fatal poisoning (n : 65, 54.17%), followed by carbon
monoxide (CO) (n : 34, 28.3%), medications (n : 11, 9.17%)
and opiates (n : 6, 5%). The majority (n : 65, 54.2%) of deaths
were due to accidental poisonings, followed by suicidal
poisonings (n : 46, 38.3%).
Preventable accidental poisonings are still a significant cause
of death among children. Accidental poisoning related deaths
are common in preschool age, while suicidal poisonings were
more common among adolescents in our population. Unlike
the literature pesticides are the most frequent agents causing
poisoning in our region. Educational programs toward
families in terms of measurements to be taken, use and
storage of toxic agents will reduce the number of poisoning
related deaths.
KEYWORDS
CHILDHOOD; POISONING; DEATH
O 20-5
PLASMA PROTEOMICS RESEARCH IN HYDROGEN
SULFIDE POISONING BASED ON MASS
SPECTROMETRY
Jiang Qing2 , Ruyun Du3 , Xiaopei Cui3 , Siwei Tang3 , Xianyi
Zhuo1, Yi Huang1
332
Department of Forensic Toxicology, Institute of Forensic
Sciences, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, China; 2Technical
Center for Industrial Products and Raw Materials Inspection and
Testing, Shanghai Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau,
Shanghai, China; 3Department of Protein Science, Huabo
Biopharm (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
1
Mechanism of hydrogen sulfide poisoning is unclear in
protein level. It is crucial to find potential protein biomarkers
in blood both for clinical and forensic purpose. MS based
quantitation proteomics research has rapidly developed in
the last decade and offers a powerful tool to screen potential
biomarkers. Here, a mouse model of hydrogen sulfide
poisoning was designed and established, and proteomics
method was firstly introduced in our study. Hydrogen sulfide
was exposed to the mice at a controlled density of 150ppm at
three time points, 0 hour, 2 hours and 4 hours, respectively.
After blood collection, the plasma were separated and treated
with ProteoMiner (Bio Rad) to remove high abundance
proteins. The quantitative protein profiling was performed
by TMT-labeling and nano-HPLC-MS/MS. Two replicates
were applied to confirm the identification and quantitation
results. Total 745 proteins were identified in two replicates
and bioinformatics research was used to help us analyze this
result. In summary, proteomics research provides a powerful
tool in toxicology research and help us reveal the mechanism
of Hydrogen sulfide toxicity in protein level.
KEYWORDS HYDROGEN SULFIDE POISONING; MASS
SPECTROMETRY; PROTEOMICS
O 20-6
A SENSITIVE ION CHROMATOGRAPHY METHOD
FOR THE DETERMINATION OF NITRITE IN WHOLE
BLOOD IN FORENSIC CONTEXT
Hui Yan, Xiangyi Zhuo, Baohua Shen, Ping Xiang, Min Shen
Department of Forensic Toxicology, Institute of Forensic
Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Key Laboratory of
Forensic Medicine, Shanghai, China
Numerous methods are available for measurement of
nitrite in plasma or serum. There are few reports in
the literature describing the determination of nitrite in
human blood because of its rapid metabolism within the
erythrocytes. A simple and effective method is proposed
for determination of nitrite in whole blood using ion
chromatography. Nitrite present in human blood was
determined after deproteinization and 100-fold dilution
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
with ion chromatography using suppressed conductivity
detection. A linear current response in the concentration range
from 0.001 to 0.50µg/mL nitrite was observed yielding a
correlation coefficient of 0.9999. Ions that are suspected to
affect nitrite determination in human blood were removed
in sample treatment or separated on the analytical column.
Basal levels for nitrite in human blood were determined
with 0.33±0.04µg/mL (n=12). The method was successfully
applied to the determination of blood nitrite level of a victim
who committed suicide by ingesting sodium nitrite.
Following on from the workshop at the 2012 European
Association of Forensic Sciences (EAFS) conference where
this new method was introduced, this presentation will
outline the use of this new technology in a follow-on pilot
project with 3 UK police forces, in which Easylift is being
utilized as a screening tool at burglary scenes. Easylift is
being employed to identify the populations of fibres present at
point of entries in order to potentially link scenes and identify
prolific offenders. This presentation will describe the initial
results of this study and its future potential for casework.
NITRITE; BLOOD; ION CHROMATOGRAPHY
KEYWORDS TAPE LIFTING; FIBRES ANALYSIS COST
REDUCTION; INTELLIGENCE LED POLICING
KEYWORDS
ORAL PRESENTATION 21
TRACE EVIDENCE / FORENSIC CHEMISTRY:
FORENSIC POLYMER ANALYSIS
O 21-1
O 21-2
DIRECT ANALYSIS OF SINGLE FIBERS RETRIEVED
BY PRESSURE ADHESIVE TAPE USING MICRO
CONFOCAL RAMAN SPECTROMETRY
Traditionally, the use of fibres evidence at volume crime
scenes is unusual due to the time consuming nature of the
analysis and the subsequent cost to police forces, but fibres
evidence could provide important intelligence information.
Fibres evidence is traditionally retrieved using tape lifting,
which can be usefully employed to systematically retrieve
trace evidence from a variety of surfaces. Improvements
have been made to this method over the years but there are
still problems associated with the subsequent removal of
evidence, involving time-consuming dissections of tape and
the potential for evidence loss in the process. A new tape
lifting system has been developed that solves these problems
called Easylift. The use of this new tape lifting system allows
for in situ analysis of fibres evidence, removing the need
for the removal of individual fibres before characterisation
using polarizing light microscopy, fluorescence microscopy,
microspectrophotometry (MSP) and Raman spectroscopy.
This new system reduces analysis time and incidences of loss
or contamination, whilst still allowing the option of easy tape
dissection if desired, this lends this method nicely to fast fibre
screening for crime scenes that do not commonly analyse this
evidence type.
Single fibers are very important as trace evidence to prove
contact between suspects and victims, and distribution of
single fibers at a crime scene can confirm movement of
the suspect. Single fibers are retrieved from garments or
human skin using adhesive tape, and they are identified
by infrared or Raman spectrometry. Recently, confocal
Raman spectrometry has been applied to direct analysis of
the components of synthetic fibers without removing them
from the adhesive tape. This procedure eliminates potential
contamination of the sample in the laboratory. Furthermore,
confocal Raman does not suffer from interference from the
tape backing material or adhesive. For analysis, adhesive tape
that was used to retrieve single fiber fragments was adhered
to a glass slide. An assumption on the generic class of the
synthetic fiber was made based on the color of the polarized
light after the fiber was placed in a crossed-Nicol position.
However, instrumental analytical spectra, which measure
the structures of fibers, should be used as evidence in court.
The instrument used was a Thermo Fisher Scientific DXR
microscope with the following parameters : laser length,
532 nm; filter; 532 nm; grating, 900 lines per mm; aperture,
50 micro-m; magnification, 100 times. The laser power
CAN FIBRES ANALYSIS FOR VOLUME CRIME
SCENES BE COST EFFECTIVE?
333
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
Claire Gwinnett, Andrew Jackson
Forensic and Crime Science Department, Staffordshire
University, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom
Shinichi Suzuki1, Hiroaki Yoshida2 , Daisuke Watanabe2 ,
Masataka Sakayanagi3
1
Identification Center, National Research Institute of Police
Science, Kashiwa, Japan; 23rd Division of Forensic Science,
National Research Institute of Police Science, Kashiwa,
Japan; 3Forensic Science Laboratory, Kanagawa Police H.q.,
Yokohama, Japan
WFF2014
was optimized for the target fiber based on the structure
assumption from the polarization observation. The optimized
laser powers for polyester, polyamide, and polyacryl were
3, 5, and 5 mW, respectively. The Raman spectrum obtained
from each fiber was matched with that of a reference Raman
spectrum. The structural information obtained for single
fibers with this method has important evidential value. In
addition, this method is nondestructive and not subject to
contamination issues.
O 21-4
KEYWORDS S I N G L E F I B E R ; M I C R O - R A M A N
SPECTROMETRY; NONDESTRUCTIVE
The interpretation of vehicle paint evidence in forensic
casework hinges on a number of factors including the type of
paint, colour, number of layers, and background information.
Vehicle colour surveys are an important source of
information for the forensic paint examiner when interpreting
the level of significance of a paint transfer between vehicles
involved in a collision or smears of vehicle paint left at the
scene. The two surveys that are to be presented investigated
(i) the frequency of the colour of vehicles observed on both
a motorway and suburban roads in Western Sydney and (ii)
the frequency of different vehicle paint colours transferred to
car park pillars and walls from five different car parks within
North West Sydney, Australia.
In the first survey, the highest frequency of vehicle colours
recorded were white, grey, black and blue. The second
survey resulted in very similar findings with the four most
commonly seen colours across the five car parks being blue,
white, red, and silver. The results in the second survey take
into account the potential for anomalies within the data due to
the use of painted service vehicles used within the car parks,
such as trolleys and trailers. Interestingly, the results from
both surveys were very similar to previous vehicle colour
surveys that have been conducted and also corresponded to
the vehicle colour registration data obtained from the NSW
Roads and Maritime Service website. The results from these
two surveys provide up to date statistics that can provide
the forensic paint examiner with valuable background data
when assessing the significance of vehicle paint evidence in
casework.
O 21-3
THE APPLICATION OF THE PYROGARM DATABASE
IN FORENSIC AUTOMOBILE PAINT ANALYSIS
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
Che Xu, Qiran Sun, Yiwen Luo
Criminalistics, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice,
P.r. China, Shanghai, China
Pyrolysis- gas chromatography- mass spectrometry (Py-GC/
MS) is a useful tool in the forensic analysis of automobile
paint. However, a pyrogram, the total ion chromatographof
paint after pyrolysis, is always complicated. Since the NIST
database only provides the search for mass spectrum of a
single chemical, it is inconvenient to search with the whole
pyrogram in the forensic analysis of automobile paint. To
achieve an effective search of pyrograms, the F-search 3.10
softerware (Frontier Laboratories Ltd., Japan) was applied to
establish a user database. The software has a function of INtsum mass spectrum, which integrates the program according
to the m/z distribution, in other words, the horizontal axis
unit is changed from time to m/z. The redrawn mass spectrum
offers more complete information of the paint sample and can
be searched by the computer. In the current study, a primary
user database containing pyrograms of thirty clear paints
were established. As a result, the search result was consistent
with that of manual comparison. On the other hand, the match
indexes were not very distinguishing, because styrene was the
main pyrolysized product of clear paints and its characteristic
ion m/z 104 contributing a lot to the INt-sum mass spectrum.
In conclusion, the paint pyrogram database is useful in the
check of background information and evaluating the evidence
value of identification, especially if it can be combined with
the infrared spectra database.
KEYWORDS PY-GC/MS; PYROGRAM DATABASE;
AUTOMOBILE PAINT
334
SURVEYS OF VEHICLE COLOUR FREQUENCY
AND THE TRANSFER OF VEHICLE PAINTS TO
STATIONARY OBJECTS IN SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA
Fiona Jackson, Joanna Bunford, Claude Roux, Philip
Maynard
Chemistry and Forensic Science, University of Technology
Sydney, Sydney, Australia
VEHICLE PAINT COLOURS; SURVEY;
FORENSIC INTERPRETATION
KEYWORDS
O 21-5
CHEMICAL TYRE RUBBERS ANALYSIS
WITH ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES FOR THE
DISCRIMINATION OF CAR’S TYRE SAMPLES AND
THE SUBSEQUENT MATCHING TO THEIR SKID
MARKS
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
Salah Eddine Breidi, James Barker, Steve Barton, Baljit
Ghatora
School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University,
London, United Kingdom
ICP-MS, ATR-FTIR, PYROLYSIS GC-MS;
RUBBER ANALYSIS; TYRE ANALYSIS, SKID MARKS
KEYWORDS
O 21-6
SNAP-LOCK BAGS WITH RED BAND: A STUDY
OF THE PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND
MANUFACTURING MARKS
Yvonne Hui Ying Sim, Shing Min Lim, Sok Yee Yew, Alaric
Drug packaging is one form of evidence type commonly
sent to the Forensic Chemistry and Physics Laboratory in
Singapore. The drugs seized are often found packaged in
plastic bags. When linkages between these bags are found,
they can provide law enforcement with useful associations
between the traffickers and drug abusers.
The plastic bags submitted may include snap-lock bags, some
with a red band located above the snap-lock closure and some
without. Current techniques for examination involve looking
at the physical characteristics (dimensions, thickness and
polarising patterns) and manufacturing marks of these bags.
In cases where manufacturing marks in the main body of the
bags are poor or absent, the manufacturing characteristics
present on the red band can be examined.
A study involving approximately 1000 bags was conducted
to better understand the variations in the physical and
manufacturing characteristics of the red band. The
understanding of these variations is crucial in helping to
determine associations/ eliminations between bags. Two
instrumental techniques involving the DSC and FT-IR were
explored to evaluate the effectiveness of examining the
chemical composition to discriminate the bags.
KEYWORDS MANUFACTURING MARKS; PLASTIC
BAGS; CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
ORAL PRESENTATION 22
CYBER FORENSIC / DIGITAL AND MULTIMEDIA
SCIENCE (CF/DMS):
BIOMETRY AND HUMAN IDENTIFICATION
O 22-1
EXEMPLAR-BASED SUPER-RESOLUTION OF 3D
HUMAN FACE MODEL
Young Min Shin1, Kyoung Mu Lee2
1
Research Institute, Samsung SDS, Seoul, Korea (South);
2
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul
National University, Seoul, Korea (South)
In this paper, a new method for enhancing the resolution of
3-dimensional models, especially human face, is proposed.
Obtaining high density 3D model is an important issue in
335
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
It is quite common in hit and run accidents for rubber traces
to be left at the crime scene. The Forensic Scientist will
have the task of analysing the tyre striation traces in order to
identify the type of tyre involved in the accident. However,
the tyre striations alone do not provide enough detail to
show a high level of discrimination between different tyre
manufacturers and individual models [1, 2]. In this study,
Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICPMS) and Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform
Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) methods were developed
and a pyrolysis GC-MS was optimised to enable greater
discrimination between different tyre rubber samples.
Twenty-one different car tyre models, from 7 different
manufacturers were used in this study. Several samples (n=5)
were collected from skid marks and from the tyre tread, using
an abrasive sheet and a rotating rig.
Seventy elements were screened for each sample by ICPMS in both collision cell mode and reaction cell mode, from
which the nine most reproducible metal elements Al, V, Co,
Ni, Zn, As, Sr, Pb, and Bi were identified as having a high
level of inter-variability and low level of intra-variability
between tyres. ATR-FTIR analysis indicated a low intravariability (analysis of similar tyres) which demonstrated
high precision of the technique, and also it showed a large
inter-variability between different manufacturers and models,
which supports their high potential as indicators to be used
for discrimination between different tyres manufacturers and
models. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was utilised to
distinguish between the different tyres.
1-William J. Bodziak, Tire Tread and Tire Track Evidence:
Recovery and Forensic Examination. CRC Press, 2008.
2- Line Gueissaz, Geneviève Massonnet, Tire traces –
Discrimination and classification of pyrolysis-GC/MS
profiles, Forensic Science International, in press 2012.
Chin Wai Koh, Thiam Bon Lim
Forensic Chemistry and Physics Laboratory, Health Sciences
Authority, Singapore
WFF2014
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
computer vision and computer graphics. The multi-view
intensity images or the depth images obtained from depth
sensors such as the time-of-flight (TOF) cameras and the laser
scanners are the major data sources to reconstruct the 3D
models. However, the physical upper limit of resolution of the
imaging devices and the insufficient data obtained from the
real environment often leads to the low resolution 3D models.
The proposed method aims to enhance the single 3D human
face model beyond the initial resolution which is limited
by the source data. While many researches are done for the
super-resolution of intensity images and there exist some
prior works on the depth images, this is the first attempt
to super-resolve the single 3D point cloud data without
additional intensity or depth image observation of the target
object.
We propose to solve the ill-posed inverse problem of
super-resolution by querying the database which contains
previously learned exemplars of the corresponding high
resolution 3D data associated with the low resolution data.
The missing detail of the low resolution input 3D model is
inferred from the exemplars in the training database with the
consideration of the consistency with neighbors. The Markov
Random Field (MRF) model is constructed on the 3D surface,
and the proper energy function is formulated as a multi-class
labeling problem on the MRF. Experimental results show
that the proposed exemplar-based method solves the superresolution problem with high accuracy.
KEYWORDS COMPUTER VISION; SUPER-RESOLUTION;
3D MODEL
O 22-2
COMPARISON OF THE METHODS OF BODY HEIGHT
MEASUREMENT IN VIDEO IMAGES
Xuejing Dai
Forensic Science Technology, China Criminal Police University,
Shenyang, China
With the rapid development of video monitoring, more and
more video images are acquired in case investigation, so
height measurement of the suspected from video images
becomes an urgent need to solve technical problems. At
present in our country, there are three methods of body
height measurement, i.e. the perspective drawing, software
measurement and the scene simulation. In this paper, the
three methods are compared through experiments and the
conclusions are obtained as followed respectively. The
perspective drawing has the advantages of low cost and being
336
easy to operate, however, if there is no the reference to meet
the measurement requirements, or there is no vanishing point
in the video images, the measurement is more difficult. The
software measurement is based on a mathematical calculation
on the basis of matrix transformation method, which can be
used to measure the distance between two specified points in
the digital image and calculate the body height accordingly.
However, the measuring results are affected by shooting focal
length and height, the angle between the shooting mirror and
the horizon, the measured points, etc. The scene simulation
is an analog measuring method on the basis of the scene
reconstruction. It can get a better effect if the shooting point
is relatively fixed. And the measuring result is affected by the
registration of image reconstruction, and therefore greatly
influenced by subjective factors.
KEYWORDS
BODY HEIGHT; MEASUREMENT; VIDEO
IMAGE
O 22-3
FORENSIC 3D FACIAL IDENTIFICATION SOFTWARE
(FIDENTIS)
Igor Chalas1, Petra Urbanova2 , Zuzana Kotulanova2 , Marie
Jandova2 , Miroslav Kralik1, Barbora Kozlikova1, Jiri
Sochor1
1
Department of Computer Graphics and Design, Faculty
of Informatics Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic;
2
Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Science Masaryk
University, Brno, Czech Republic
This presentation introduces a novel software tool for
forensic 3D facial identification, called FIDENTIS.
FIDENTIS is multi-platform open-source software written in
Java for which source code, binaries and documentation are
freely available at http://fidentis.cz.
It serves for the analysis of human faces while enabling to
perform a variety of expertize- and/or research-oriented tasks
which can become challenging for forensic analysts dealing
with facial portrait identification in the three-dimensional
digital environment (e.g., forensic anthropologists, forensic
pathologists). These tasks include comparing two or multiple
faces, quantifying the magnitude of dis/similarities between
faces, creating 3D facial composites from selected parts of
the faces or analyzing sets of faces in order to detect specific
biological or other dependencies (e.g., inter-population
variations, sex-related characteristics etc.).
The integral part of FIDENTIS is formed by our own
database of 3D virtual models of human faces (3D Virtual
Model Database of Human Faces) which contains high
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
resolution models of approximately 2, 000 individuals
acquired by optical surface scanners.
FIDENTIS integrates the state-of-the-art and novel computer
graphics methods and algorithms utilizing, in particular,
the latest 3D technologies. The comparison of 3D faces in
FIDENTIS is grounded on standard facial landmarks (up
to 40 points included) in conjunction with principals of
geometric morphometrics and on more complex facial surface
alignments and computations. This provides the users with a
high degree of freedom and flexibility, from manual to semiautomatic and automatic processes, required while examining
forensic evidence. More importantly, FIDENTIS meets legal
requirements that demand the use of quantifiable scientific
methods with known error rates. FIDENTIS offers the users
with both numerical and visual representations of outputs. In
combination with other features, this gives the program the
potential to become a valuable tool for forensic analysts.
KEYWORDS FORENSIC FACIAL ANALYSIS; SOFTWARE
TOOL; 3D FACE DATABASE
by the smart phone camera. Each snap shot is tagged with
the relative angle obtained from the smart phone sensors.
The user marks the panoramic image with spatial constraints
such as the location of edge or corner of the wall and the
geometries of the windows and doors. Given the spatial
constraints, a 3D floor plan is generated. The overall process
is sufficiently easy for laymen investigators in the field
with ordinary smart phones and furthermore the captured
model can be used as a basis for investigative simulation
environments.
KEYWORDS SMARTPHONE; RECONSTRUCTION;
INDOOR CRIME SCENE
O 22-5
SALIENCY COMPUTATION OF ACTIONS FOR
FORENSIC HUMAN IDENTIFICATION IN VIDEOS
Jinhua Zeng
Digital Evidence Laboratory, Institute of Forensic Science,
Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, China
O 22-4
INDOOR CRIME SCENE RECONSTRUCTION USING A
SMART PHONE
Simulation based tools can help investigators solve
crimes more efficiently and effectively in many ways. For
example, it allows 24/7 access to the crime scene data,
formulating of plausible hypotheses through realistic
simulations, collaborative and objective analysis with
multiple perspectives, and seamless integration and
immediate application of quantitative tools. Capturing and
reconstructing the crime scene into a digital 3D model is
the first and foremost important step to realizing such a
computer based investigation. Currently, while it is possible
to reconstruct the crime scene using laser scanners, the
usage is rather restrictive due to their cost, maintenance and
operational requirements. In particular, laser scanners are
not fit for capturing indoor scenes with everyday objects
obscuring the walls and floors. In this paper, we present
a smart phone based system that can semi-automatically
reconstruct the 3D model of an indoor crime scene floor plan.
First a 360 degree cylindrical panoramic image of the indoor
scene is stitched together from a series of snap shots taken
337
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
Jong-Gil Ahn, Youngsun Kim, Youngwon Kim, Gerard
Jounghyun Kim
Korea University, College of Information and Communications,
Seoul, Korea (South)
In forensic science, techniques for human identification based
on automatic analysis of behaviors are still underdeveloped.
With audio-visual materials and expert testimony being the
legal evidences, and the popularity of video surveillance,
research on human action detection and its saliency
(individuality) computation in videos has been of great
significance and value in both theory research and forensic
science. It has met great challenge to identify persons solely
based on their appearances in videos, but human actions
include important individual information. Nowadays research
on action recognition and detection techniques in the field of
machine vision has gained great progress. But these methods
can not fit in forensic science due to their different purpose
of algorithm design. Benefiting from the latest achievements
in the research on the key cognitive mechanisms of the
human behavior understanding in the fields of cognitive
psychology and its related disciplines, we made full use of
the latest research outcomes in our work. In the work, each
human action was represented as the action chain which
consisted of motor primitives. The motor primitive was
defined as the basic motion unit which encoded features
of motion information and appearance. The key spatiotemporal features such as spatio-temporal interest points were
computed in each motor primitive. In order to compute the
saliency of one action such as walking, etc., its action chain
was first established through its motor primitive computation
and sequential organization, and then compared with the
WFF2014
action chain database of the same action type. The action
saliency would be used as an important metric to identify
persons, and it would offer an objective and quantitative
index for forensic human identification in videos.
KEYWORDS B E H AV I O R A L S A L I E N C Y; M I R R O R
NEURON SYSTEM; ACTION CHAIN
ORAL PRESENTATION 23
CLINICAL FORENSIC MEDICINE (CFM): TBC 3
O 23-1
THE NEED, PROCESS, DIFFICULTIES ENCOUNTERED
AND EXPECTED OUTCOMES OF THE NATIONAL
GUIDELINES ON EXAMINATION, REPORTING AND
MANAGEMENT OF SEXUALLY ABUSED SURVIVORS
FOR MEDICO-LEGAL PURPOSES OF SRI LANKA
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
Ananda Samarasekera1, Anuruddi Edirisinghe1
1
Department of Forensic Medicine, South Asian Institute
of Technology & Medicine, Malabe, Sri Lanka; 2Forensic
Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama,
Sri Lanka
Sexual violence is ubiquitous; it occurs in every culture,
in all levels of society and in every country of the world
resulting in negative impact on the health of the population.
Apart from physical trauma, potential reproductive, sexual
and psychological consequences are numerous. Thus, in all
societies sexual violence has been criminalized. However
sexual violence is said to follow the phenomenon of an
iceberg, where reporting to law enforcement representing the
tip. In Sri Lanka there is a significant increase of reported
cases of sexual violence.
In Sri Lanka when a case is reported, the police must take
the victim to a government medical officer, specialist or
non specialist, of a health care facility for medico legal
examination. Though there is a worldwide trend of shifting
from a judicial centered perspective to a health care
perspective of medical examination of these survivors, such
shifting was not evident in Sri Lanka due to several reasons.
Having recognized the need for improvements in the
management of the sexually abused survivors, The
College of Forensic Pathologists of Sri Lanka initiated the
development of national guideline on examination, reporting
and management of sexually abused survivors for medicolegal purposes in 2008 with the technical and financial
338
assistance of UNFPA Sri Lanka in corroboration with the
Ministry of Health and Ministry of Justice. A multi-sector
consultative process was setup to adopt already published
guidelines for medico-legal care for victims of sexual
violence by WHO and clinical management of rape survivors
by UNFPA. One of the main difficulties encountered at the
consultative process was potential harm to the case in the
court of law which could occur by adopting international
guidelines without having optimal infrastructure facilities
and human resources. The solution offered to this issue was
development of three grades of recommended practices in the
management, firstly to adhere secondly desirable therefore
to offer and thirdly optional to carry out or not based on the
facilities and resources available. To assess the feasibility of
implementation and to recognize unforeseen problems a pilot
study was conducted in selected government hospitals over a
specified period.
The guidelines validated by relevant administrative and legal
authority, on 27th May 2014, the document was launched
in Colombo with the intended purpose of improving the
quality of the medico-legal services to facilitate criminal
investigation and administration of justice. The expected
outcome further included uniformity in the examination,
providing medico-legal, clinical and psychosocial
management to survivors simultaneously and minimizing
institutional, personal, technical and terminology differences
in the process.
To achieve the expected outcome effective and sustainable
implementation is the task ahead. Training of doctors
currently engaged in medico-legal work on how to use
the guideline is the need of the hour. Monitoring and
auditing is yet another step ahead. Further in cooperating
the guide to medical curricular of undergraduate and
postgraduate training programs in forensic medicine is vital
for sustainability. The commitment of the administrative
and political authority who are responsible for providing
necessary infrastructure and resources are the other factors
for the success.
KEYWORDS NATIONAL GUIDELINES; SEXUALLY
ABUSED SURVIVORS; 500
O 23-2
IMPLEMENTATION OF ISTANBUL PROTOCOL IN SRI
LANKA - REAPPRAISAL OF A DECADE’S PROGRESS
Clifford Perera
Dept. of Forensic Medicine, University of Ruhuna Sri Lanka,
Galle, Sri Lanka
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
of law is firmly established in the entire country, the mere
acception of Istanbul protocol would not bring forth any
considerable change. Our attempt in this paper is to elaborate
the progressive events of the last decade, the association
of rule of law and Istanbul protocol, its effects and the way
forward more extensively.
KEYWORDS TORTURE DOCUMENTATION; ISTANBUL
PROTOCOL; RULE OF LAW
O 23-3
TELL ME YOUR STORY OF ABUSE
Selim Ozkok, Fusun Callak Kallem, Bedir Korkmaz, Ozlem
Erel, Tulay Elbek
Forensic Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
Child’s medical history is one of the most important step in
determination of sexual abuse. Sometimes child’s medical
history may be the only signs of sexual abuse. In the medical
history, the child’s own words and expressions are important
and sometimes diagnostic.
We examine all suspected sexual abuse casses which
evaluated in our department. We evaluated their medical
history in terms of age, gender and word structure.
In this study, we worked in 150 cases which examined
in Adnan Menderes University Department of Forensic
Medicine in the years 2004-2013 that were examined on
suspicion of sexual abuse under the age of 12. 3 patients had a
history of accidents were not included in the study. The study
included 147 patients and 77 of them were girls, 70 of them
were boys. We determine physical signs of sexual abuse from
a total of 32 cases; 22 were men, 10 of them were girls.
62 of them tell the sexual abuse event in their own words in
examined 147 cases. In these 62 patients 31 of them were
girls and 31 were boys. When the age of patients grows
event expressing became more detailed and more clear.In
this 62 cases, we found the physical signs of sexual abuse
in 24 cases. Cases describing the event on their own words
were considered positive findings of sexual abuse. Words
according to their age and socio-cultural characteristics are
more specific rather than learned words such as’raped me’,
and sometimes diagnostic.
KEYWORDS C H I L D S E X U A L A B U S E ; M E D I C A L
HISTORY; CHILDREN’S EXPRESSION
339
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
Documentation of torture for medico-legal purposes is
a multidisciplinary, multi-stage and integrated exercise
decisive in providing reparation. The UN-endorsed Istanbul
Protocol contains the first internationally recognised
standards and procedures for effective documentation of
torture which could be used to record scientific evidence on
torture required to be submitted to courts.
Adoption of torturous practices against civilians by the
state and its allies in post-independence Sri Lanka has
been increased in an exponential rate over the last three
decades. Many preventive mechanisms attempted to curb
such practices have found a unique strength in the Sri
Lankan medical field which could be harnessed to minimize
torture in the local society. It was the detailed medico-legal
documentation maintained by forensic practitioners on the
alleged torture victims they had examined since eighties.
The Istanbul protocol which had UN commendation in
1999 was designed by an expert group to provide detailed
guidelines on examination of torture victims. In 2003,
International Rehabilitation Centre for torture victims
(IRCT) based in Denmark launched the Istanbul Protocol
implementation Project (IPIP) in 5 selected countries in
the world including Sri Lanka. The emphasis on accurate
and detailed documentation of examination findings of
torture victims was necessary in the recent times in Sri
Lanka as the courts are relying heavily on medical reports
for interrogation. In a situation where most of the torture
victims are examined by grade medical officers who are
not full time forensic practitioners, deficiencies of various
degrees are commonly observed pertaining to documentation
of examination findings. Therefore it was attempted to
introduce uniformity in existing documentation and improve
the substandard practices by implementing Istanbul Protocol.
However it was revealed that adoption of Istanbul Protocol
could not be done as a whole in a short period due to variable
degree of compliance from medical officers and further it
need to be modified according to domestic requirements.
More importantly, this Istanbul Protocol Implementation
Project (IPIP) has brought forth the effective means of
medical documentation of torture available both locally and
internationally into a broader forum of discussion in Sri
Lanka during the last ten years.
The continuous decline of rule of law and legislative
infrastructure in Sri Lanka seriously affected IPIP work and
adoption of Istanbul protocol to the domestic context of the
society. The lack of enthusiasm at the upper strata in legal and
police fraternities was evident despite having many rounds of
seminars, briefings and discussions. Following an extensive
approach to the principles of Istanbul Protocol at various
professional levels it is now clear that unless and until rule
WFF2014
O 23-4
LEGAL IMPACT OF MEDICOLEGAL ASSESSMENT OF
VIRGINITY IN CIVILIAN AND CRIMINAL CASES IN
ISLAMIC COMMUNITY
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
Mamdouh Zaki, Kholoud Alsowayigh
Senior Forensic Medicine Examiner, Forensic Medicine Center,
Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Culture and religion carry several prohibitions and taboos,
especially in the Arab-Muslim communities, which has
a great impact on the sexual behavior and its perception,
particularly that of women. Moreover, a special medicolegal
assessment of virginity is required in allegations of sexual
assault incidents as well as many certain civilian such
as marriage, divorce, and in some traumatic experience
involving the hymen.
The aim of the current study is to review the legal
consequences of medicolegal assessment and reporting of
virginity in the forensic setting, in the light of Islamic law or
doctrine for Muslims “Shari’ah Law” which is still formally
applied in many Islamic countries.
Therefore, the current work will propose the implementation
of a unified policy in reporting and managing of these cases in
different healthcare institutes as well as forensic medicolegal
centers. We realize that a strict consideration should be made
in documenting normal hymen variants, abnormal changes
and equivocal changes, as well as post-injury surgical repair
changes. Details of visual, photographic and colposcopic
documentations will be described as well. We will also
provide simplified guidelines for hymen description and
interpretation of clinical findings in a two way bilingual
policy (English/Arabic).
This project will clear the frequent confusion to many
investigators in different fields of medicine. The unified
plan will also help to protect the forensic medical team from
remote legal consequences in case of claiming medical
malpractice due to ambiguous documentation. In addition,
the policy must be accompanied with other medical
professionals’ awareness to forensic consultation when
facing such problems which is had a great concern in Islamic
community.
KEYWORDS
VIRGINITY; HYMEN; ISLAMIC
O 23-5
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH TRAFFIC FATALITY
ACCIDENT IN ELDERLY. MEDELLÍN, 2005 TO 2010
340
Luz Eliana Giraldo Vasquez
Antioquia, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal, Medellin,
Colombia
Objective. Identify risk factors geographic, environmental
and accident, associated with the risk of dying from traffic
accidents among the elderly in the city of Medellin, which
occurred in the years 2005 to 2010 in order to generate
evidence to guide management preventive actions and
the construction of public policies on road safety for this
population.
Methodology : A cross-sectional study with case-control
analysis matched for age and sex, based on secondary
data records generated in the municipality of Medellin on
road accidents in the period between 2005 and 2010. Was
calculated the OR (CI-95%) to explore association between
factors and the risk of dying from traffic accidents. Was
performed a conditional logistic regression analysis to
estimate the probability of dying from an adult according to
the geographical risk factors, environmental and accident.
Georeferencing was used for spatially locating the sites of
occurrence and results of the study.
Results : Was found no association between the risk of dying
from traffic accidents in the elderly and the condition of
pedestrian walkways and number one (1) to two (2) where
the accident occurred. The place of higher occurrence of
accidents with fatalities was the Candelaria district.
Conclusion : In the city of Medellin older adults are more
driven and risk associated with dying once when they are
injured on condition of pedestrian run-over on the day on
the road and when there are one to two lanes and presents a
driveway. But the greater likelihood of dying is presented in
the pedestrian walkways between one and two.
KEYWORDS
ELDERLY; TRAFFIC ACCIDENT; LETALITY
O 23-6
FALSE HISTORY GIVEN BY VICTIMS/PATIENTS
DURING MEDICO-LEGAL EXAMINATIONS.
Kumara Senanayake
Medicolegal Department, Teaching Hospital, Anuradapuraya,
Sri Lanka
As a medico-legal specialist, during last fourteen years, I
have found following groups of false statements of victims or
patients during history taking.
A-Related to injuriesA-1. Injuries due to falls, Skin rash, Self inflicted injuries,
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
and physical findings are not compatible, legal actions
will not be initiated or prosecution becomes weak due to
unreliable witness. Without proper history it is difficult to
express an opinion. Medical witnesses should respect the
defense counsels for establishing the reliability of the victim
in a trial. False statement is an accepted, common defense in
court trials.
KEYWORDS
FALSE; HISTORY; VICTIMS
ORAL PRESENTATION 24
FORENSIC GENETICS & BIOLOGY (GB):
NEW DNA KIT / MRNA
O 24-1
NOVEL FORENSIC DETECTION KITS FOR
INDIVIDUAL IDENTIFICATION
Weiguo Zheng1, Huaigu Zhou2
1
R&D, AGCU ScienTech Inc., Wuxi, China; 2Forensic DNA
Analysis, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence,
Shanghai Municipal Public Security Bureau, Shanghai, China
AGCU ScienTech Inc., in collaboration with The Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence, has developed
three novel forensic detection kits for human identification.
The first one is a rapid detection kit called EX16, which can
amplify 16 loci in as short as 35 minutes with a fast cycler or
in less than 60 minutes with a regular cycler. The second kit
is called EX mtSNP 60, which can analyze 60 mitochondrial
SNP markers at the same time, with 7 SNPs in the high
variation region while the other 53 in the coding region. The
third kit is called Ex16+10Y, which consists of 16 autosomal
and 10 Y-chromosome loci. These three kits can all be used
in existing forensic laboratory settings and will provide the
forensic community with faster, more sensitive and much
more information.
KEYWORDS HUMAN IDENTIFICATION; FORENSIC
ANALYSIS; STR LOCI; MITOCHONDRIAL SNP
O 24-2
A NEW MULTIPLEX MTSNPS SET FOR TURKISH
POPULATION
Arzu Duvenci, Havva Altuncul, Ozlem Bulbul, Ilksen Tavaci,
341
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
Injuries inflicted by friendly hands were shown as assaults.
A-2. Old injuries were shown as new injuries.
B-Related to the incidentB-1. Victims had not disclosed their part of contribution
(provocation) for the fight.
B-2. Large number of patients claimed that they lost
consciousness after the incident. Second history taking about
what happened step by step shows victims could remember
everything.
B-3. Denied of significant diagnosed illness like diabetes,
epilepsy, alcohol dependence and mental illnesses
contributed for the incident.
B-4. Accused claimed to have impotence when charged with
rape and mental illnesses when charged with murder.
B-5. Denied assault by police due to fear of further torture.
B-6. Majority of assailants denied the charge.
B-7. To obtain compensations victims complained bodily
pains and vertigo.
B-8. Psychiatric patients mentioned delusions, hallucinations
and illusions.
B-9. Denied consumption of alcohol commonly but Bed
Head Tickets of hospitals showed entries about alcohol.
C-Related to rape casesC-1. Victims of statutory rape often denied sexual intercourse
to protect the boyfriend but genital examination showed
hymeneal tears.
C-2. Secret consenting sex incidents were told as rape
incidents after the discovery.
C-3. Injuries inflicted by father or husband after discovery of
consenting sex, were shown asinjuries cause by rapist.
C-5. Several Alleged rape victims stated that they lost the
consciousness before the incident to protect the rapist or
make a case against him.
D-Related to child abuse D-1. Victims denied physical and sexual assaults to protect
their known adults but those incidents were witnessed by
others or victims had already told the truth to friends.
D-2. False child abuse complaints made by mothers to send
the children to orphanages.
E-Related to domestic violence E-1. Victims mentioned fewer incidents to protect the partner
or more incidents to obtain the divorce.
E-2. Anal abuse was complained to obtain divorce by wives.
Conclusion : False statements of victims have Medicolegal significance. Statements of the victims are not always
true. They lie if there are strong reasons. Verifications of
the history with physical findings, second time history
taking after the examination, compare with bed Head ticket
and evidence of family members, guardians or police are
important to establish the truth. When the victim’s statement
WFF2014
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
Yasemin Demirbas, Gonul Filoglu
Forensic Genetic, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Istanbul
University, Istanbul, Turkey
Forensic scientists often use nuclear STR loci for
identification but it’s not always possible to obtain clear
results from nuclear DNA, especially when nuclear DNA
is degraded or insufficent. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)
analysis has found a useful tool in forensic DNA typing.
Mitochondrial single nucleotide polymorphisms (mtSNPs)
have a number of characteristics that make them unique
for forensic analysis, allowing the successful analysis of
degraded samples via minisequencing technique. The aim
of this work is to develop of a forensic mtSNP multiplex
and to identify polymorphic sites within Turkish population.
53 mtSNPs on coding region were selected from previous
published studies according to their variation in the
Caucasians. mtSNPs were tested in 8 different multiplex
with minisequencing technique using the SNaPshot
Multiplex kit (Applied Biosystems) with 100 volunteers
from Turkey. DNA was extracted using QIAamp DNA
Mini Kit. Each multiplexes mtSNPs were amplified by
PCR 9700. Electrophoretic separation performed on an
ABI 3130 Genetic Analyzer (Applied Biosystems). Results
were analysed by GeneMapper IDX software (Applied
Biosystems). We have determined polymorphism on 9
out of 53 mtSNPs (3010, 7028, 15340, 16519, 72, 12438,
11719, 15884, 12007) in 100 Turkish samples. In order to
increase resolution on highly degrade and small amount of
DNA samples, we developed of a forensic mtSNP multiplex
and optimized of these 9 mtSNPs. The optimization of 9
mtSNP loci was successfully applied by changing some
assay parameters. We tested this new multiplex with 150
donors samples from Turkey. The tested SNPs appear to
be applicable for haplogroup and bio-geographic ancestry
designation within the Turkish population. Multiplexed
mtDNA single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) assays to
infer maternal inheritence are already available, such tools
are lacking for the Turkish population.
KEYWORDS
MTSNP; TURKEY; MINISEQUENCING
Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, China
Short tandem repeat (STR) genotyping methods are widely
used for human identity testing applications, including
forensic DNA analysis. Samples of DNA containing the
length-variant STR alleles are typically separated and
genotyped by comparison to an allelic ladder. Here, we
describe a newly devised library of cloned STR alleles.
The library covers alleles X and Y for the sex-determining
locus Amelogenin and 259 other alleles for 22 autosomal
STR loci (TPOX, D3S1358, FGA, D5S818, CSF1PO,
D7S820, D8S1179, TH01, vWA, D13S317, D16S539,
D18S51, D21S11, D2S1338, D6S1043, D12S391, Penta E,
D19S433, D11S4463, D17S974, D3S4529 and D12ATA63).
New primers were designed for all these loci to construct
recombinant plasmids so that the library retains core repeat
elements of STR as well as 5′- and 3′-flanking sequences
of ~500 base pairs. Since amplicons of commercial STR
genotyping kits and systems developed in laboratories
are usually distributed from 50 to <500 base pairs, this
library could provide universal templates for allelic ladder
preparation. We prepared three different sets of allelic
ladders for this locus TH01 and an updated version of an
allelic ladder for the DNATyper®19 multiplex system using
these plasmids to confirm the suitability of the library as a
good source for allelic ladder preparation. Importantly, the
authenticity of each construct was confirmed by bidirectional
nucleotide sequencing and we report the repeat structures of
the 259 STR alleles. The sequencing results showed all repeat
structures we obtained for TPOX, CSF1PO, D7S820, TH01,
D16S539, D18S51 and Penta E were the same as reported.
However, we identified 102 unreported repeat structures from
the other 15 STR loci, supplementing our current knowledge
of repeat structures and leading to further understanding of
these widely used loci.
KEYWORDS SHORT TANDEM REPEAT (STR); ALLELIC
LADDER; RECOMBINANT PLASMID
O 24-4
FORENSIC VALIDATION OF A NEWLY DEVELOPED
26PLEX Y-STRS TYPING SYSTEM
O 24-3
CONSTRUCTION OF A LIBRARY OF CLONED SHORT
TANDEM REPEAT (STR) ALLELES AS UNIVERSAL
TEMPLATES FOR ALLELIC LADDER PREPARATION
Le Wang, Xing-Chun Zhao, Jian Ye, Jin-Jie Liu, Xue Bai
Center for Applied Forensic Science and Technology, Institute of
342
Suhua Zhang, Shumin Zhao, Zheng Wang, Chengtao Li
Department of Forensic Genetics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of
Forensic Medicine, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Ministry of
Justice, China, Shanghai, China
In recent years, an explosion in Y-STRs in human populations
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
KEYWORDS
FORENSIC SCIENCE; Y-STR; DNA TYPING
O 24-5
IMPROVING SAMPLE ANALYSIS OF THE EXPANDED
CODIS LOCI SET USING QIAGENS MULTIPLEX PCR
WITH A NOVEL QUALITY SENSOR
Daniel Mueller, Melanie Breitbach, Stefan Cornelius, Sarah
Pakulla-Dickel, Margaretha Koenig, Mario Scherer, Ralf
Peist
R&D, Qiagen Gmbh, Hilden, Germany
The CODIS Core Loci Working Group has published
recommendations to expand the CODIS core loci set. This
combination of polymorphic STR markers of the Combined
DNA Index System (CODIS), the European Network of
Forensic Science Institutes (ENFSI), and the European DNA
Profiling Group (EDNAP) has the potential to become a new
global STR standard set (GSS). We developed an assay coamplifying 23 markers according to the recommendations of
the CODIS Core Loci Working Group. The assay uses a 6-dye
technology in order to keep the amplicon length of markers
short while at the same time avoid overlapping of markers.
There will be two kit formats : One kit is designed for purified
DNA from casework and reference samples, the other one
is optimized for direct amplification of reference samples,
like blood or buccal cells on FTA or swabs. Both contain a
novel Quality Sensor System that is useful for evaluating
the amplification efficiency. It indicates if the reaction has
worked in general and furthermore allows discriminating
between the presence of inhibitors or DNA degradation as a
cause for the typical ski slope effect observed in STR profiles
of such challenging samples. This information can be used
to choose the most appropriate rework strategy. The assay is
based on a new PCR chemistry that ensures robust and fast
PCR amplification with improved inhibitor resistance and
easy handling.
KEYWORDS
STR; CODIS; PCR
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
has been witnessed. This explosion has been driven, in
part, by the many discovered polymorphisms of Y-STRs.
By virtue of its many polymorphisms, it is now the most
informative haplotyping system. Y-STRs are widely used
in forensic genetics, such as mixture identification in sexual
assault cases and patrilineal relationship evaluation in kinship
testing. In this study, 26plex Y-STRs typing system, including
17 Y-STRs (DYS19, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390,
DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS385ab, DYS437,
DYS438, DYS439, DYS448, DYS456, DYS458, DYS635
and GATA H4) recommended as YHRD standard loci and
9 new highly discriminating Y-STRs (DYS549, DYS643,
DYS388, DYS570, DYS533, DYS576, DYS460, DYS481
and DYS449), was established with 5-dye fluorescence
labeling. The inclusion of DYS570 and DYS576 which were
considered as hypermutable system making the multiplex is
highly discriminative for unrelated male individuals.
Validation checks subsequent to PCR parameter
optimization indicated that 26plex Y-STRs typing system
was reproducible, accurate and robust. Sizing precision
test revealed that the highest standard deviation (0.0561)
observed for any allele was below 0.06. The sensitivity of the
system was such that a full profile was obtainable even with
125 pg of male DNA. Specificity testing was demonstrated
by the lack of cross-reactivity with a variety of commonly
encountered animal species and bacterial. Also, the multiplex
is suitable for mixture study. In addition, the whole PCR
amplification of the 26 Y-STRs can finish in 33 minutes,
making the multiplex system able for fast-detection. 516
haplotypes were found in the forensic investigation of 517
unrelated males. Haplotype diversity (HD) of the multiplex
system was 0.9999925 while Haplotype discrimination
capacity (DC) was 0.9980658, which is suitable for forensic
application. The work presented here is in compliance
with the update of the guidelines and recommendations on
forensic analysis using Y-STR. New data obtained in this
study would be also useful for growing up Y-chromosome
databases.
O 24-6
FACILE SEMI-AUTOMATED BODY FLUID
IDENTIFICATION BY MULTIPLEX SOLUTION
HYBRIDIZATION OF NANOSTRING® BARCODE
PROBES TO SPECIFIC MRNA TARGETS
Patrick Danaher1, Robin White1, Erin Hanson2 , Jack
Ballantyne3
1
Department of POPS, Nanostring Technologies, Seattle, United
States; 2National Center for Forensic Science, University
of Central Florida, Orlando, United States; 3Department of
Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, United
States
A DNA profile from the perpetrator does not reveal, per
se, the circumstances by which it got transferred. Body
fluid identification by mRNA profiling may provide
contextual’activity level’ information regarding some
behavioral activity on behalf of the individual that results in
343
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
WFF2014
its transfer from the body. Here we describe the development
of a prototype multiplex digital gene expression (DGE)
method for forensic body fluid/tissue identification based
upon solution hybridization of color coded Nanostring®
probes to 23 tissue/body fluid specific mRNA targets present
in forensic type samples. The body fluids/tissues targeted
include peripheral blood, semen, saliva, vaginal secretions,
menstrual blood and skin. To facilitate routine use, we also
devised a simple 5 minute room temperature cellular lysis
protocol as an alternative to standard RNA isolation for
forensic sample processing using the Nanostring® procedure.
We first describe a model for gene expression in a sample
from a single body fluid and then extend that model to
mixtures of body fluids. From there we describe calculation
of maximum likelihood estimates (MLEs) of body fluid
quantities in a sample, and we describe the use of likelihood
ratios to test for the presence of each body fluid in a sample.
Known single source blood, semen, vaginal secretions,
menstrual blood and skin samples all demonstrated the
expected tissue specific gene expression for at least two of the
chosen biomarkers. Saliva samples were more problematic
in that their differential expression was less pronounced than
with the other tissue types. Nonetheless the most specific
saliva biomarker, HTN3, was expressed at a higher level in
saliva than with any of the other tissues. As a preliminary
indication of the ability of the method to discern admixtures
of body fluids, four binary mixtures were prepared. Two of
the 4 mixtures were called perfectly using the assay algorithm
with no false positive results, and one of the component
fluids was identified in both’false negative’ mixtures. Further
optimization of the biomarker’Codeset’ will be required
before it can be used in casework particularly with respect to
increasing the signal to noise ratio of the saliva biomarkers.
With suitable modifications, this simplified protocol with
minimal hands on requirement should facilitate routine use of
mRNA profiling in casework laboratories.
KEYWORDS mRNA PROFILING; NANOSTRING; BODY
FLUID MIXTURES
ORAL PRESENTATION 25
FORENSIC PATHOLOGY (PT): LABORATORY II
O 25-1
DIAGNOSTIC PERFORMANCE OF URINARY
METANEPHRINES FOR THE POSTMORTEM
DIAGNOSIS OF HYPOTHERMIA
344
Cristian Palmiere, Luca Reggiani Bonetti
Lausanne University Hospital, Medico-Legal Center, Lausanne,
Switzerland
The purpose of this study was to assess the diagnostic
potential of urinary metanephrines and 3-methoxythyramine
compared to urinary catecholamine determination in
diagnosing antemortem cold exposure and fatal hypothermia.
83 cases of fatal hypothermia and 144 control cases were
included in this study.
Catecholamines (adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine),
metanephrines (metanephrine, normetanephrine) and
3-methoxytyramine were measured in urine collected during
autopsy.
All tested analytes were significantly higher in hypothermia
cases compared to control subjects and displayed a generally
satisfying discriminative value, thus indicating urinary
catecholamines and their metabolites as reliable markers of
cold-related stress and hypothermia related-deaths.
Metanephrine and adrenaline had the best discriminative
value between hypothermia and control cases compared
to other tested analytes, though with different sensitivity
and specificity. These can therefore be considered the most
suitable markers of cold-related stress.
HYPOTHERMIA; CATECHOLAMINES;
METANEPHRINES
KEYWORDS
O 25-2
DETECTION OF DIATOMS BY A COMBINATION OF
MEMBRANE FILTERING AND HYALINIZING
Jian Zhao1, Yuzhong Wang2 , Chao Liu1, Sunlin Hu1, He Shi1
1
Department of Forensic Pathology, Guangzhou Forensic
Science Institute, Guangzhou, China; 2Faculty of Forensic
Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
Diagnosis of drowning remains a difficult issue in current
forensic practice. The classical diagnostic autopsy findings
(such as Paltauf sign, aqueous emphysema, pleural effusion)
can be considered as a valuable indication for demonstrating
drowning as the cause of death. But those findings are nonspecific, transient and can only be found in fresh drowned
bodies. Diatoms present in the drowning medium penetrated
the alveolar system and blood circulation, distributed in
the peripheral organs. Diatom test is considered as “golden
standard” for diagnosis of drowning. During drowning, only
small diatom species can reach the blood, liver, kidney, and
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
bone marrow. But a large number of diatoms were lost by
removing the supernatant after centrifugation. According
to our previous study, almost 50% of diatom valves have
a maximum length of less than 15 μm, and over 90% have
a maximum length of under 40 μm were discarded with
the supernatant. False negative results of diatom test are
likely got in drowning because of lack of sensitivity in
the conventional method. Therefore, in order to achieve a
maximal recovery of diatoms, the microfiltration membranes
(the pore diameter size is 0.45 μm and the minimum of length
of diatom is more than 1 μm) were applied in the diatom test
instead of centrifugation. The membrane was hyalinized by
a mixed solution of the eugenol and acetic acid. This study
was designed to evaluate the recovery of diatom which was
compared using the new method and the conventional acid
digestion method. Two groups of samples were designed in
the study. Groups A (n=20) and B (n=20) were performed by
the new method and the conventional acid digestion method,
respectively. In addition, another four water samples (each 2
ml of water) were vacuum filtered directly and examined by
SEM. The average value of densities of diatoms for the four
samples was considered as the standard density for diatom in
the water sample. The difference between the two groups was
statistically highly. The results indicate that the new method
is more advantageous than conventional acid digestion
method in the diagnosis of drowning. This novel method can
be useful in assessing the cause of death of a body found in
water.
O 25-3
A STUDY ON USEFULNESS OF SERUM MAST CELL
TRYPTASE ANALYSIS AND DEVELOPMENT OF
NEW DIAGNOSTIC METHOD IN POSTMORTEM
DIAGNOSIS OF ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK
Jong-Pil Park , Bon Young Koo , Nak-Won Lee , Harin
Cheong3 , Yu Jin Won4 , Kyung Ryoul Kim3 , Joo Young Na5 ,
Minsung Choi6 , Hongil Ha7, Seong Ho Kim6
1
Medical Examiner’s Office, National Forensic Service, Seoul,
Korea (South); 2Department of Forensic Medicine Investigation,
Seoul Institute, National Forensic Service, Seoul, Korea (South);
3
Medical Examiner’s Office, National Forensic Service, Wonju,
Korea (South); 4Division of Forensic Medicine, Daegu Institute,
National Forensic Service, Daegu, Korea (South); 5Division
of Forensic Medicine, Gwangju Institute, National Forensic
Service, Gwangju, Korea (South); 6Division of Forensic
1
2
1
Anaphylactic deaths are not rarely encountered at an autopsy.
Especially, ever since the death associated with medical
practice, like medication, contrast medium and vaccination
has become social concern, the distinct discrimination of
anaphylactic shock has become an important part of forensic
medicine. However, main clinical findings of anaphylactic
shock, including laryngeal edema, usually disappear at the
time of the autopsy. Therefore, anaphylactic shock practically
must be inferred from piecing past history of the deceased,
circumstance of the death and negative autopsy findings
together. The analysis of serum mast cell tryptase has been
well-known as a useful ancillary test for the diagnosis of
anaphylactic shock, but it is not widely used in daily practice
in Korea, due to its inaccessibility and high cost. We carried
out serum mast tryptase analysis in 296 autopsy cases that
were performed at National Forensic Service from March,
2013 to February, 2014, and reviewed the usefulness of
serum mast cell tryptase analysis. And we also performed
the immunohistochemical staining of mast cell tryptase and
chymase for tongue base, aryepiglottic fold, lung and heart
and compared with control group, and discriminable staining
pattern of immunohistochemical staining on mast cell was
identified. Conclusively, we confirmed that serum mast cell
tryptase is a useful test for diagnosis of anaphylactic shock,
and peripheral blood is the most useful sample for analysis,
and postmortem change influences the result of serum mast
cell tryptase, and immunostaining of mast cell is worth of
further study for practical application.
KEYWORDS ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK; MAST CELL
TRYPTASE; POSTMORTEM
O 25-4
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS IN THE CORPUS CALLOSUM
FOLLOWING TRAUMATIC AXONAL INJURY
USING FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED
MICROSPECTROSCOPY
Ji Zhang, Hongmei Dong, Liang Liu, Jiao Mu
Department of Forensic Medicine, Huazhong University of
Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
Traumatic axonal injury (TAI), also known as diffuse axonal
injury (DAI), contributes greatly to morbidity and mortality
following traumatic brain injury (TBI). The diagnosis of such
345
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
FORENSIC PATHOLOGY; DROWNING;
DIATOM TEST
KEYWORDS
Medicine, Daejeon Institute, National Forensic Service,
Daejeon, Korea (South); 7Division of Forensic Medicine, Busan
Institute, National Forensic Service, Busan, Korea (South)
WFF2014
pathology is vitally important for assessing TBI severity.
However, evaluating TAI remains challenging in clinical
and forensic sciences since its identification is difficult using
routine diagnostic methods. The present study used Fourier
transform infrared microspectroscopy (FTIRM) to detect
TAI within the corpus callosum in an animal model. Protein
conformational analysis revealed significantly increased β
-sheet and β-turn contents paralleled by a decrease in α-helix
content at 24 h post-injury, while the antiparallel β-sheet
content was decreased at 12 h post-injury. Compared with
the control group, the lipid/protein ratio was significantly
reduced in all of the injured groups. At 24 h post-injury, there
were increases in the olefinic=CH and CH3 group of lipids
accompanied by the decreased CH2 group, but the results at
12 h and 72 h were contrary to that at 24 h. Our study showed
that FTIRM could differentiate injured from normal white
matter at different time points following TBI via examination
of these infrared spectral parameters, suggesting that it has
the potential to become an additional and complementary
tool that can assist with the diagnosis of TAI. The aim of
our further work is to apply this detection method toward
human tissue samples in forensic practice and confirm the
neuropathological substrates for spectral changes observed
using FTIRM.
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
KEYWORDS TRAUMATIC AXONAL INJURY; FOURIER
TRANSFORM INFRARED MICROSPECTROSCOPY;
FORENSIC PATHOLOGY
suspected current mark was found in her right upper thigh
during the postmortem inspection. A mild elongation of the
cell nuclei in the epidermis of the injured skin was discovered
through histological examination. In order to further identify
the diagnosis of electrocution, we tested metal components
on the current injured skin surface using micro beam X-ray
fluorescence spectrometer (m-XRF). The results showed a
high concentration of iron was found in the current injured
skin, which was in line with the metal component of wire
discovered at the scene. We also found that the deceased
who suffered from severe coronary heart disease had higher
sensitivity to the current damage compared to the normal
person. Our results indicated m-XRF could be a useful tool in
the forensic diagnosis of electrocution, and had the potential
application in forensic practice.
KEYWORDS
F O R E N S I C PAT H O L O G Y;
E L E C T R O C U T I O N ; M I C R O B E A M X - R AY
FLUORESCENCE SPECTROMETER (M-XRF)
O 25-6
POST-MORTEM INTERVAL ESTIMATION USING
SINGLE CELL GEL ELECTROPHORESIS OR COMET
ASSAY-REVISITED
Panjai Woharndee1, Ian Mudway1, Barbara Daniel1
1
Forensic Pathology, Central Institute of Forensic Science,
Bangkok, Thailand; 2Analytical & Environmental Sciences
Division, King; 3Department of Forensic Science, King
O 25-5
A CASE REPORT: APPLICATION OF MICRO BEAMX-RAY FLUORESCENCE SPECTROMETRYIN THE
DIAGNOSIS OF ELECTROCUTION
Jianhua Zhang, Tao Wang
Forensic Pathology, Institute of Forensi Science Ministry of
Justice P. R. China, Shanghai, China
Current can result in human body injury and even death.
Accidental electrocution is often caused by inappropriate
use of electricity during daily life and industrial production.
The severities of the current-induced damage are associated
with current intensity, voltage, size of skin resistance, and
the status of the body, et al. Electrocution cases reported in
the literatures were mainly due to the low voltage alternating
current (AC), and few were caused by high voltage direct
current (DC). In this study, we reported a 48-year-old female
who was unexpectedly and suddenly dead in the wild due
to electric shock by the high voltage direct current hunting
(input voltage : DC 12V, output voltage : DC 10, 000V). A
346
Background : Establishing the time since death or postmortem interval (PMI) is crucial in criminal cases. The
current techniques for estimating PMI are reasonably
accurate, but are limited over extended periods, with their
predictability detrimentally affected a range of exogenous
and endogenous factors : temperature, humidity, the age
and disease state of the body before death. I have therefore
investigated the use of Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis
(SCGE) or Comet Assay as a mean of obtaining measures
of the PMI. For an assay of the PMI to be fit for purpose in
a clinical pathology setting it needs to satisfy the following
criteria : (a) it must be quantitative and repeatable; (b) it must
be sensitive to the rapid changes occurring early postmortem;
(c) the influence of particular environmental conditions on
the marker must be predictable; and (d) it must be simple
and cost effective. These aspects of method development are
described below focusing on the relationship between DNA
fragmentation, time interval and temperature.
Methods : Experiments were performed investigating the
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
KEYWORDS POST-MORTEM INTERVAL ESTIMATION;
SINGLE CELL GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; COMET
ASSAY
ORAL PRESENTATION 26
FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY (AP): AP 3
O 26-1
CONSTRUCTION OF 3 DIMENSIONAL HEAD MODELS
FOR FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY
Eun Chung4 , Seung-Ho Han5
1
Catholic Institute for Applied Anatomy / Department of
Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of
Korea, Seoul, Korea (South); 2Department of Anatomy, College
of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea
(South); 3Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Ewha
Womans University, Seoul, Korea (South); 4Division of Forensic
Medicine, National Forensic Service, Seoul, Korea (South);
5
Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Chungang
University, Seoul, Korea (South)
Three dimensional model has several advantages for
morphological study in preservation of samples, transfer of
data and continuous usage of landmarks and metric data,
although it is reasonable that real object is best sample.
Catholic Institute for Applied Anatomy had collected the
computer tomographic (CT) images of 732 Koreans stored
in Seoul St. Mary Hospital from 2008 to 2011 and then
reconstructed 681 3D models of cranium, mandible and face
from acquired CT images using Mimics program (version
14.0, Materialise, Belgium) excluding 51 samples due to
transformation of skull and face. Number of samples is 337
in male and 344 in female. Each age group has at least 30
samples.
To investigate anthropological measurements and facial
thickness in 3D space, 90 landmarks on cranium, 62
landmarks on mandible and 134 landmarks on face were
used according to the definition of each landmark. The
accuracy of location data of landmark is important because
the measurements are calculated automatically from the
location data of each landmark. To minimize the error by
observers’ experience and knowledge on the definition of
each landmark, the process of landmarks on 3D model was
marking a point using standard or guide planes. To verify
the modified process of landmarks, the intraclass correlation
coefficient (ICC) between 4 observers was investigated and
about 99% of total measurements showed high ICC.
Currently, the database of 3D head model include 681
models, the location data of landmarks and the measurements
on skull and face as the basic reference materials of
Korean for forensic anthropological researches. The
further investigation would be planned to study the most
characteristic features of head, the correlation between the
morphology of skull and face and the aging change of head in
Korean
KEYWORDS
3D MODEL; DATABASE; MEASUREMENT
U-Young Lee1, Dae-Kyoon Park2 , Yi-Suk Kim3 , Sang-Seob
Lee4 , Dai-Soon Kwak1, Dong-Ho Kim1, In-Beom Kim1, Nak-
347
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
indirect measurement of DNA oxidation in human blood
leukocytes by single Cell Gel Electrophoresis (SCGE) or the
comet assay. Freshly collected blood from 11 subjects was
aliquoted, and stored at three temperatures : 4, 15 and 30oC to
investigate the time-dependent pattern of DNA degradation.
At prescribed times 0, 6, 24, 48, 72 and 96h blood leukocytes
were subjected to lysis, alkaline unwinding of DNA and
alkaline electrophoresis. The resultant comet images were
visualised by confocal and standard fluorescent microscopy,
with the comet parameters (Olive tail moment -OTM)
analysed using Comet Assay Software Project Lab (CASP)
software.
Results : Initial validation experiments indicated that similar
results were obtained from a standard fluorescent and
confocal microscope and that counting 50 comets provided
a robust estimate of the extent of DNA fragmentation in the
whole sample. Considering the samples stored at 15oC, the
OTM in the baseline samples (median with inter-quartile
range) was 2.6 (2.0-5.8), with a clear time-dependent increase
(p<0.001 - ANOVA) over the 96 h incubation. Whilst there
was an overall increase in OTM over the incubation period,
this was not apparent until the 24h time point (8.0 (5.2-11.5),
p<0.05) with little difference in OTM between the 24 and 48
and 72 and 96h time points. The impact of temperature was
also significant (p<0.001) from the 24h time point at 30oC
and from 48h at 4oC.
Conclusions : These data indicate that a marker of DNA
oxidation/fragmentation increases in blood cells in a
temperature and time-dependent manner as one would
desire for a possible PMI marker. However the lack of
discrimination over the first critical 24h and the degree of
variation between individuals clearly precludes its use in a
clinical setting.
WFF2014
O 26-2
EMERGENCE OF FORENSIC PODIATRY- A NOVEL
SUB-DISCIPLINE OF FORENSIC SCIENCES
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
Kewal Krishan
Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh,
India
Forensic podiatry is relatively a new sub-discipline of
Forensic Sciences concerned with the collection and
examination of pedal evidence generally encountered at
crime scenes. It is defined as the application of sound and
researched podiatric knowledge and experience in forensic
investigations, to show the association of an individual
with a scene of crime, or to answer any other legal question
concerned with the foot or footwear that requires knowledge
of the functioning foot. This sub-discipline has emerged
from the experience and practice of podiatry or podiatric
medicine which is a branch of medicine devoted to the
study of diagnosis, medical and surgical treatment of
disorders of the foot, ankle, and lower extremity. Whenever
foot related evidence is recovered from a crime scene, the
forensic podiatrists are called upon to give the opinion.
They contribute to the personal identification by associating
the pedal evidence with the criminal or crime scene. The
evidence may be recovered in the form of partial or complete
footprints and mutilated remains of the feet in case of
mass fatality incidents. Forensic podiatrists can collect the
evidence related to the foot and help in the identification of
the individuals from the foot and its parts.
The most common pedal evidence collected from the crime
scene is in the form of footprints and shoeprints. Forensic
podiatrists can establish identity of the individuals from the
footprints in many ways. The analysis of bare footprints
involves the identification based on the individualistic
features like flat footedness, ridges, humps, creases, an
extra toe, missing toe, corns, cuts, cracks, pits, deformities,
and various features of the toe and heel region. All these
individualistic features can link the criminal with the crime.
In addition to these, parameters of body size like stature
and body weight as well as sex can also be estimated by
using anthropometric methods. If a series of footprints are
recovered from the crime scene, then parameters of the gait
analysis such as stride/step length and the general movement
of the criminal can be traced. Apart from these, a newly
established biometric parameter of the footprints i.e. footprint
ridge density can also be evaluated for personal identification.
Careful analysis of the footprint ridge density can give
an idea about the sex of the criminal whose footprints are
recovered which will further help to reduce the burden of the
348
investigating officer to half and the investigations may be
directed towards either a male suspect or a female suspect
accordingly. The lecture will discuss various methods of
personal identification related to pedal evidence.
KEYWORDS FORENSIC PODIATRY; PEDAL EVIDENCE;
PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION
O 26-3
ANTHROPOLOGICAL BODY MASS ESTIMATION
USING 3D IMAGES OF HUMAN CALCANEUS
Go-Un Jung1, U-Young Lee2 , Dong-Ho Kim2 , Dai-Soon
Kwak2 , Dae-Kyoon Park3 , Seung-Ho Han4 , Yi-Suk Kim1
1
Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans
University, Seoul, Korea (South); 2Department of Anatomy,
Catholic Institute for Applied Anatomy, College of Medicine,
The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (South);
3
Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang
University, Seoul, Korea (South); 4Department of Anatomy,
College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
(South)
The ability to estimate body mass (BM) from the human
skeleton is crucial in the field of forensic context when
identifying unknown skeletal remains. The calcaneus is the
largest tarsal bone, so preserve relatively well in a range
of forensic contexts with given its relations to the muscle
mechanical advantage at ankle, which counteracts the
moment exerted on the joint by the ground reaction force.
This research investigates the utility of human calcaneus to
estimate BM using three-dimensional (3D) images while
applying a biomechanical approach to regression analysis.
After the reference BM were prepared by femoral head
diameter, eleven mechanically significant skeletal variables
were measured on the 3D human calcaneus from 47 samples
(24 males and 23 females). All calcaneus were taken from
the Digital Korean database (Korea Institute of Science
and Technology Information, Dejon, Korea) with known
anthropometric data of stature and age. The least square
method were used to analyze the skeletal variables of the
eleven metric features by fitting to reference BM. Results
showed that BM estimation equations using four calcaneal
measurements of load arm length and breadth, middle height,
and minimum breadth have the lowest% standard error of
the estimates and the highest R2 (%SEE = 4.28%, and R2=
0.850). This indicated that the articular facets for talus and
middle calcaneal height are effective anatomical features
being scaled according to the BM in agreement with the fact
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
that the ankle joint has the mechanical advantages for weight
bearing transmission. The future prediction performance of
these regression correlations were validated internally by
leave-one-out cross validation. In conclusion, the provided
equation will impact and be applicable to the forensic
community for BM estimation using human calcaneus
in particular at the place where the long bones are either
missing or fragmented for acquiring biological profiles.
This research was supported by Basic Science Research
Program through the National Research Foundation of
Korea (NRF-2013R1A1A2009306) and also supported by
Global Ph.D. Fellowship program through the NRF (NRF2013H1A2A1033069) funded by the Ministry of Education,
Science and Technology.
process, its decalcification effect had made the bone become
brittle and misleading weight reduction. Hence, number
of maggots used could be increased to achieve the faster
cleaning process without costing any further if compared
to detergent and chemicals. This was also supported and
validated by the Forensic Specialists using blind validation
with the achievement of 77.8% chosen maggots to become
the bone cleaning and preservation method. Furthermore,
Emission Scanning Electron Microscope evaluation profile
also revealed that bone cleaning using maggots especially
Chrysomyia rufifacies preserved the original condition of the
bones especially the clarity of the injuries (if any) or features
on the bones in which consistent with the results of this
research.
KEYWORDS BODY MASS ESTIMATION; CALCANEUS;
3D IMAGES
KEYWORDS B O N E C L E A N I N G ; C H E M I C A L A N D
MAGGOTS; EMISSION SCANNING ELECTRON
MICROSCOPE
O 26-4
EEFFECTIVENESS OF BONE CLEANING
PROCESS USING CHEMICAL AND ENTOMOLOGY
APPROACHES: TIME AND COST
Khoo Lay See, Lai Poh Soon, Mohd Hilmi Saidin, Dr Ahmad
Hafizam Hasmi, Dr Nurliza Abdullah
Forensic Medicine Department, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Kuala
Lumpur, Malaysia
PRELIMINARY STUDY OF SKELETONS EXHUMED
IN RIBEIRAO PRETO; SAO PAULO/BRASIL:
PARAMETERS FOR THE MULTIRACIAL BRAZILIAN
POPULATION
Raffaela Arrabaca Francisco, Teresa Cristina Pantozzi
Silveira, Jose Marcelo Secchieri, Moacyr Lobo Costa Jr.,
Marco Aurelio Guimaraes
Pathology and Legal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School,
University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
INTRODUCTION : In 2005, a Laboratory of Forensic
Anthropology (LAF) was created at Medico Legal
Centre, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São
Paulo (CEMEL/FMRP-USP) as a result of cooperation
with the United Kingdom (UK-Brazil Scientific Cooperation in Forensic Identification and Anthropology of
Human Remains). It was created a practical and reliable
Forensic Anthropology Protocol (LAF/CEMEL) to obtain
bioanthropolgical information from bones : sex, ancestry,
age, stature, handedness, dental characteristics, abnormalities
and trauma. This protocol has been efficient, although it has
been created based on well-defined published parameters for
non-Brazilian populations, whilst it is known that most of the
Brazilian population is multiracial.
OBJECTIVE : Verify which are the best techniques in
the LAF protocol to be used for the local mixed Brazilian
population and select and/or improve new parameters for its
analyses, if necessary.
349
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
The objective of this study was to determine the most cost
effective and time effective method for bone cleaning
process and to compare between the chemical and the
entomology approach in which can be used dynamically
in the setting of Institute of Forensic Medicine Malaysia
HKL. A total of 10 subjects ranging in age from 20 to 40
years old were chosen in this cross sectional and descriptive
research. Normal intact sternum bones were taken from these
subjects of uncomplicated postmortem cases and undergo
the bone cleaning procedures. A total of four methods were
used including the two chemical approaches i.e. laundry
detergent or the combination of 6% hydrogen peroxide and
powder sodium bicarbonate; whilst another two entomology
approaches i.e. 2nd instar maggots of Chrysomyia rufifacies
or Ophyra spinigera. Based on the average weight reduction
1.4 gm per day, median number of 11.3 days to achieve
desired score and average cost MYR 4.10 per case used in
each method to reach the desired score within 12 days, bone
cleaning using maggots was the most time effective and cost
effective method. Even though laundry detergent would be
slightly faster with median number 7.5 days in the cleaning
O 26-5
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
WFF2014
METHODS : For the preliminary study 25 skeletons buried
directly into the ground for an average of 10 years were
exhumed from Bom Pastor cemitery in Ribeirão Preto city.
All of them were submitted to anthropological examination
following the LAF/CEMEL protocol. Bone samples for DNA
analysis were collected previously to the cleaning procedures
necessary for the skeletons examination is performed. The
skeletons were organized in anatomical position, pictures
of the bones and teeth and its peculiarities were taken. Then
they were inventoried. Pathological anatomy was recorded.
The evaluated parameters were sex, ancestry, age, stature
and handedness. Finally, a summary of the entire survey is
presented in a Forensic Anthropology Report (REAF).
RESULTS : Although the state of preservation of the bones
were precarious, it was possible to verify that the results
of REAFs were compatible with ante-mortem data of
individuals. For analysis of sex, in most of the cases the
bone element which had a better state of preservation was
the skull (92%) when compared to the pelvis (48%). The
same happened for estimating ancestry. The age range was
often not possible to be estimated due to the lack of elements
for analysis (40%). The estimated height was possible in all
cases, because femur was the best preserved bone recovered,
although ante-mortem comparison is hampered because this
information is not recorded in any official document, except
for men who served the national armed forces. Finally,
handedness evaluation was the mostly impaired parameter to
be analyzed because it depends on the comparison of bilateral
bones from the upper extremities, and in several cases the
pairs were absent (44%).
CONCLUSION : LAF/CEMEL protocol was a major
breakthrough because it helped in the establishment of a
routine anthropological examination in a geographical area
where previously to 2005, unidentified bodies in putrefaction
and skeletons were not examined. This protocol brought
not only social benefits, but also positive scientific and
educational consequences. This preliminary study shows that
it works well for an admixed population, although it can be
improved with better specific parameters.
F O R E N S I C A N T H R O P O L O G Y;
EXHUMATION; SKELETON
KEYWORDS
School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences,
University of The Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa;
2
Division of Anatomy, Department of Surgery, University of
Toronto, Toronto, Canada
1
Stature estimation plays a pivotal role in the positive
identification of unknown individuals and as such it is
routinely assessed during the examination of adult skeletal
remains. Unfortunately, this is not a standard procedure
when dealing with sub-adult remains due to the general
lack of literature regarding standards for the estimation of
stature in sub-adults. The aim of this study was therefore
to derive regression equations for the estimation of stature
in black South African sub-adult females. To date, twenty
six black South African sub-adult females, aged 10-17
years (13.3±2.2 years) have voluntarily participated in
this study by undergoing a full body Magnetic Resonance
Imaging (MRI) scan. Living stature of all participants was
measured with a stadiometer and the diaphyseal lengths
of the left femur and tibia were measured from the scans,
using the freely available imaging processing software
OsiriX. The correlation between the diaphyseal lengths of
the femur and tibia and the combined diaphyseal measures
of the femur and tibia, and living stature was assessed using
Pearson’s correlation coefficient and subsequent ordinary
least square linear regression equations were calculated
for the estimation of sub-adult stature. Preliminary results
indicated strong statistically significant positive correlations
between living stature and the diaphyseal lengths of the
femur (r=0.872; p<0.0001) and tibia (r= 0.910; p<0.0001)
as well as the combined measures of the femur and tibia
(r=0.902; p<0.0001) and the calculated regression equations
produced low standard error of estimates (SEE): 3.35cm for
the tibia; 3.51cm for the combined femur and tibia measures
and 3.97cm for the femur. The strong correlations and low
SEE for the calculated regression equations in this study are
similar to that reported for adults and can thus be considered
good estimators of stature which will contribute valuable
information to the biological profiles of unknown sub-adult
skeletal remains and may consequently contribute to the
positive identification of these individuals.
KEYWORDS STATURE ESTIMATION; SUB-ADULTS;
SOUTH AFRICA
O26-6
STATURE ESTIMATION FROM THE FEMUR AND
TIBIA IN BLACK SOUTH AFRICAN SUB-ADULT
FEMALES
Desire Brits1, Mubarak Bidmos2 , Paul Manger1
350
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
ORAL PRESENTATION 27
TRACE EVIDENCE / FORENSIC CHEMISTRY
(TEC): FORENSIC CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
Busan Institute, National Forensic Service, Yangsan-si, Korea
(South); 2Seoul Institute, National Forensic Service, Seoul,
Korea (South); 3Department of Chemistry and Chemistry
Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University,
Busan, Korea (South)
1
O 27-1
PROPOSAL OF NEW IDENTIFICATION SCHEMES FOR
IGNITABLE LIQUIDS MODIFIED BY SULFURIC ACID
IN NON-BURNED SAMPLES AND FIRE DEBRIS
Carlos Martin-Alberca1, Olivier Delemont2 , Carmen GarciaRuiz1
1
University Institute of Research in Police Sciences (iuicp),
University of Alcala, Alcala De Henares, Spain; 2Institut De
Police Scientifique, Ecole Des Sciences Criminelles, Universite
De Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
KEYWORDS IGNITABLE LIQUIDS; FIRE DEBRIS;
CHEMICAL IGNITION MOLOTOV COCKTAIL
O 27-2
CLASSIFICATION OF LUBRICATING OILS BY 1H NMR
SPECTROSCOPY AND CHEMOMETRICS
Siwon Kim3 , Dahye Yoon3 , Heonho Lee3 , Dong-Kye Lee1,
Yuna Kim2 , Nam Yee Kim2 , Suhkmann Kim3
KEYWORDS
NMR; CLASSIFICATION; LUBRICANTS
O 27-3
IDENTIFICATION FOR SEAL INKS BY INVIA RAMAN
MICROSCOPE
Yachen Wang, Xu Yang, Yiwen Luo, Qiran Sun, Qinghua
Zhang, Che Xu
Department of Criminalistics, Institute of Forensic Science,
Ministry of Justice, Prc, Shanghai, China
Seal inks appeared in documents in China since ancient time.
The rapid use of documents has itself led to expansion in seal
ink variety over time. Identification of seal inks is a crucial
problem in questioned document examination nowadays.
To solve this problem, 60 pure seal inks and those sealed
on papers are characterized and analyzed by inVia Raman
microscope, which can basically tell kinds of dyes contained
in those inks. In the present paper, 6 different kinds of seal
inks were identified and analyzed according to their Raman
spectrum, and dyes contained in the two main classes can
be tell as scarlet powder and Bronze Red C, respectively.
Papers under seals could not influence the efficiency of
classification, despite the observation of characteristic peaks
351
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
Ignitable liquids can be used to start arsons or making
improvised incendiary devices. In some improvised
incendiary devices of forensic interest -e.g. chemical ignition
Molotov cocktails-ignitable liquids are mixed with sulfuric
acid, which form part of its chemical self-ignition system.
In this work, the chemical modifications of neat gasoline
and diesel fuel when they are mixed with sulfuric acid are
explained in detail. In the case of mixing gasoline with
sulfuric acid, qualitative and quantitative modifications
are produced in its original composition by sulfuric acid
action, affecting to relative abundances or even disappearing
some compounds. Moreover, new compounds derived
from these reactions were detected and described, All these
modification change completely the chemical fingerprint
obtained by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS). In the case of mixing diesel fuel with sulfuric acid,
quantitative and qualitative modification also occurs over
important compounds. As consequence of these results,
new identification schemes and a new diagnostic group for
acidified ignitable liquids are proposed with the aim to avoid
uncompleted identification of these ignitable liquids, in nonburned samples and in fire debris.
1H NMR spectroscopy can be applied to identify and
discriminate the compound. In this study, 1H NMR
spectroscopy combined with multivariative statistical
analysis as a distinguish tool in forensic field. Lubricants
are commonly used such as engine oils, mechanical oils
and transmission oils etc. Classification of lubricants is
an important task for identification of oils. We collected
automobile motor oils, motorcycle oils, automobile gear
oils, automobile transmission oils and general machine oils
that are commercially available in Korea. We applied NMR
(nuclear magnetic resonance) spectroscopic techniques
and multivariate pattern recognition techniques (OPLS-DA
and PLS-DA) to classify lubricants based on their usage.
Partial Least Squares Discriminate Analysis gave good
classification. Also we can classify the 24 automobile motor
oils by brand. NMR spectroscopy and PLS classification
technique was found to be quite effective for lubricants
classification.
WFF2014
of paper. The results of this investigation could not only
provide data for distinguish of seal inks, but also would
support further study of identification of documents with
different seal inks. In addition, inks of 9 color ink-jets have
been characterized considering forging seals by printing.
With these experiments, seals made by stamping and printing
can be distinguished. This work expands methods for
identification of seal inks, and provide a good method for
verify the authenticity of documents.
KEYWORDS
mortem change than others and that these metabolites could
be beneficial if exploited for use in PMI estimation. While
metabolic processes differ amongst species and thus hinder
the direct translation of this study into forensic practice, the
present stands as a rationale to conduct further investigations
on the effectiveness of metabolomic profiling in human PMI
estimation.
KEYWORDS P O S T M O R T E M I N T E R VA L ; P M I ;
METABOLOMICS
SEAL INKS; RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY; DYE
O 27-5
O 27-4
ESTIMATION OF POST-MORTEM INTERVAL: A
NOVEL APPROACH UTILIZING SERUM & MUSCLE
METABOLOMIC PROFILING
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
Richard H Kaszynski1,4 , Shin Nishiumi2 , Takeshi Kondo1,
Motonori Takahashi1, Azumi Kuse1, Migiwa Asano3 , Masaru
Yoshida2 , Takeshi Azuma2 , Yasuhiro Ueno1
1
Department of Legal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate
School of Medicine, Japan; 2Department of Gastroenterology,
Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan;
3
Department of Legal Medicine, Ehime University Graduate
School of Medicine, Japan; 4Department of Anesthesia,
Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School,
Massachusetts General Hospital, United States
While the molecular mechanisms underlying postmortem
change have been exhaustively investigated, the
establishment of an objective and reliable means for
estimating post-mortem interval (PMI) remains an elusive
feat. In the present study, we exploit low molecular
weight water-soluble metabolites to estimate post-mortem
interval in mice. After sacrifice, serum and muscle samples
were procured from C57/BL/6J mice (n=52) at seven
predetermined post-mortem time intervals (0 hrs, 1 hr, 3 hrs,
6 hrs, 12 hrs, 24 hrs and 48 hrs). Upon extraction and isolation
from these samples, low molecular weight water-soluble
metabolites were measured via gas chromatograph mass
spectrometry (GC/MS). Over 300 metabolites were detected
in serum and muscle and the levels of 32 and 31 of these
metabolites demonstrated discernible incremental change
proportional to the amount of time elapsed after death,
respectively. In order to confirm the validity of the present
method, we carried out a series of single-blinded assessments
(n = 5) which consistently demonstrated accurate estimation
of the PMI. Our approach effectively revealed that a specific
subset of specific metabolites is more reflective of post352
METABOLOMICS APPROACH TO IDENTIFYING
CARBON MONOXIDE POISONING DEATH
Hyun Kyoung Ju1, Gum Moon Nam1, Kiwook Kim1, SangCheol Heo1, Myung Duck Kim1, O-Seong Kwon2 , Joon-Bae
Lee2 , Shung Kun Shon2 , Ji-Sook Min1
1
Department of Chemical Analysis, National Forensic Service,
Wonju, Korea (south); 2Department of Chemical Analysis,
Nantional Forensic Service, Daegu, Korea (South)
Acute carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning, due to a fire or
deliberate inhalation in an attempted suicide, can lead
to significant toxicity to the central nervous system and,
ultimately, death. CO poisoning is currently evaluated with
a CO-oximeter, which analyzes hemolyzed blood using
spectrophotometric detection. However, there is often
a loss of accuracy in putrefied postmortem samples and
there are problems in determining the CO level when the
total hemoglobin level is low. A metabolite fingerprinting
technique may provide crucial information regarding causes
of death. Thus, in the present study, metabolite profiling
of postmortem blood in CO poisoning forensic cases was
performed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,
based on metabolomics technology. All data obtained were
processed with an automated mass spectral deconvolution
and identification system (AMDIS) and the metabolites
were interpreted using the NIST library. A discriminant
analysis was performed using the SIMCA-P software and
the CO-induced biomarkers were determined successfully
with a variable importance parameter in the projection plot
obtained from an orthogonal projection to the latent structures
discriminant analysis. This metabolomics approach,
including global metabolites profiling, is useful in improving
the interpretation of metabolism in a CO poisoning death.
KEYWORDS
GC-MS
METABOLOMICS; CARBONMONOXIDE;
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
O 27-6
POSTMORTEM PRODUCTION OF ETHYLENE
GLYCOL AND PROPYLENE GLYCOL IN HUMAN
SPECIMENS
Amin Wurita, Osamu Suzuki, Koutaro Hasegawa, Kunio
Gonmori, Kayoko Minakata, Itaru Yamagishi, Hideki
Nozawa, Kanako Watanabe
Department of Legal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of
Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
KEYWORDS POSTMORTEM PRODUCTION; ETHYLENE
GLYCOL; PROPYLENE GLYCOL
CYBER FORENSIC / DIGITAL AND MULTIMEDIA
SCIENCE (CF/DMS):
DIGITAL FORENSICS AND IMAGE ENGINEERING
O 28-1
A STUDY ON DATA FORENSIC FOR NOSQL
Wonkyu Lee, Sujin Yoon, Yongtae Shin
Study for a Master, Soongsil University, Seoul, Korea (South)
In the case of general unstructured data, it is bigger than the
structured data. On the cloud it also has high probability
which can be saved and dispersed in the non-contiguous
physical storage. Therefore, it needs a lot of time to obtain
dispersed and saved evidence and has some difficulties with
securing integrity of evidence. So it needs a specialized
investigation technique and suggests Data Forensic.
Data Forensic is digital science investigation technique of
legal evidences which were found the unstructured data
in dispersed storage device. The goal of data forensic is to
obtain evidence with legal force through collecting evidence,
analyzing, recovering, identifying reporting from the
unstructured data of documents, pictures, video, audio.
This paper suggests Data Forensic techniques of NoSQL
environments that are used widely in Big Data and realtime
web applications. It is expected methodical investigation in
the NoSQL environment.
KEYWORDS UNSTRUCTURED DATA; NOSQL; DATA
FORENSICS
O 28-2
RECOVERY OF CORRUPTED DIGITAL TACHOGRAPH
DATA
Kyusun Shim, Junseok Byun, Gihyun Na, Joong Lee
Digital Technology & Biometry Division, National Forensic
Service, Won-Ju, Gangwon-Do, Korea (South)
In case of recent sudden unintended acceleration crash or
car to car crash of a vehicle, analyzing Digital Tachograph
for identifying speed and location of vehicle has become
significant. Because the main purpose of Digital Tachograph
is to record information such as speed, gear ratio or RPM,
time, and location (latitude and longitude), it is easy to
accurately analyze Running State when accidents occur.
United States, European Union, and many other countries
353
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
We previously established a sensitive gas chromatographymass spectrometry method for analysis of ethylene glycol
(EG), propylene glycol (PG) and diethylene glycol (DEG),
and disclosed the presence of appreciable amounts of EG, PG
and DEG in fresh whole blood and urine specimens obained
from non occupational healthy humans. These results led us
to analyze EG and PG in specimens taken from three human
cadavers. EG and PG concentrations in the postmortem
blood and solid tissues were much higher than those found in
fresh whole blood; their concentrations in many postmortem
specimens were more than tenfold those in fresh whole blood
specimens, suggesting the postmortem production of EG
and PG. Therefore, we examined the time courses of EG and
PG concentrations in blood specimens in the absence and
presence of saprogenic blood (10% volume) and/or glucose
(3 mg/ml) in vitro, which were left at room temperature for 7
days. EG concentration in fresh blood without any addition
decreased slightly during the 7 days. EG concentration in the
blood with addition of glucose, and PG concentrations in the
blood with and without addition of glucose did not change
appreciably during the 7 days. EG and PG concentrations in
the blood after addition of 10% saprogenic blood increased
3.1-fold and 3.5-fold after 7 days, respectively; those after
addition of saprogenic blood plus glucose increased 9.1-fold
and 11.9-fold after 7 days, respectively. These results show
that microorganisms present in the saprogenic blood caused
the postmortem production of EG and PG, and the addition
of glucose further enhances the EG and PG concentrations,
probably acting as the substrate for glycol production by
the microorganisms, and also warn that the postmortem
production of EG should be taken into consideration when
the specimens of a cadaver suspected of EG poisoning
are analyzed. To our knowledge, this is the first report to
describe postmortem production of EG and PG in biological
specimens.
ORAL PRESENTATION 28
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
WFF2014
require vehicles such as trucks or public transportations to
install Digital Tachograph.
Data saved in Digital Tachograph have consistent patterns,
and can be backed up from the device for analysis when
required. However, impact from the accident may hinder
from saving data successfully in Digital Tachograph. Because
Digital Tachograph only extracts data that follows the
pattern, it may fail to access data even if parts of data from
the accident are saved in Digital Tachograph. The research
defines following cases for failure.
1) Absence of delimiter or End-Of-Line that identifies each
data group
2) Mixed time sequence
3) Out of range data value, and so on
In such cases, back up feature from Digital Tachograph
may fail to extract important data from the accident. We
propose extracting method of data that is not saved in Digital
Tachograph successfully.
The proposed method follows procedures described below.
1) Physically extract all data from Flash/NAND memory of
Digital Tachometer using Chip-off and JTAG method.
2) Parse physically extracted data, following the pattern of
Digital Tachometer (speed, gear ratio or RPM, time, location
(latitude and longitude), and so on)
3) Verify whether parsed data has been saved successfully
by ordering in time sequence. Even if one data from the data
group is “Invalid”, make sure that other data is “Valid” and is
extracted successfully in the data group. For example, even
though speed data is invalid in a data group, gear ratio or
RPM, time, and location should be extracted from the Digital
Tachograph.
In case of speed and gear ratio or RPM, data is converted
into Discrete Fourier Transform and the rate of change is
measured. The data can be verified by setting the value range.
Latitude and longitude data should be included in the region
of driving for verification, and mileage should be compared
with previous data. Since mileage is an accumulated value, it
should be either same or bigger than previous data group.
4) Verified data can be visualized using data analyzing
program. If Digital Tachograph did not receive GPS data,
interpolation method is used to estimate latitude and
longitude, and is expressed as a connected path.
By using the proposed method, additional 10 seconds of data
from the time of the accident was extracted from the Digital
Tachograph of a bus that had real accident. In case of data
from Digital Tachograph of Taxi, one day worth of data that
would not be extracted normally was found, which helped
determining the cause of the accident.
KEYWORDS
354
DIGITAL TACHOGRAPH; DIGITAL FORENSIC;
RECOVERY DATA
O 28-3
DETECTION OF DIGITAL IMAGE FORGERIES
BY INTERPIXEL CORRELATION COEFFICIENTS
COMPARISON
Hansoo Kim, Jungsoo Lee, Kiwoong Moon, Joong Lee
Digital Technology and Biometry Division, National Forensic
Service, Wonju, Korea (South)
We devise the digital image forgery detection system by
comparing the correlation coefficients of digital images. It is
from the observation of A. C. Popescu and H. Farid [1] that a
pixel or a group of pixels in a digital image are periodically
correlated when resampled or color filter array (CFA)
interpolated. To find the appropriate correlation coefficients,
the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm is adopted to
the difference of the pixels in the suspect image. To efficiently
localize the forged area and enhance the search speed, we
apply the modified divide-and-conquer search scheme in the
suspect image. Also, we raise parameters that severely affect
the display neatness of our system. Experiments show that a
number of the forged digital images are detected as forgeries
with zero false-positive detection rates. Applications of our
system to the forensic image analysis with addressing the
limitations such as bounding the sensitiveness of our system
are included in our on-going work.
KEYWORDS IMAGE FORGERY; FORENSIC MULTIMEDIA;
RESAMPLING DETECTION
O 28-4
RESEARCH OF ORIGIN IDENTIFICATION AND
TAMPER DETECTION OF DIGITAL IMAGE
Xuejing Dai
Forensic Science Technology, China Criminal Police University,
Shenyang, China
With the development of digital technology and the
availability of increasingly powerful digital image
processing tools, digital images can now be conveniently
tampered and manipulated without leaving any obvious
traces of modification. So there is an urgent need to identify
the authenticity, integrity and origin of images. Image
origin identification and image tamper detection are two
important research areas of digital image forensics. This
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
paper conveyed research on image origin identification
and image tamper detection, and the following innovative
works have been proposed. Image origin identification
includes EXIF information of the image examination,
examination by computing compression ratio, examination
by grey level histogram, and examining CFA (Color Filter
Array) interpolation alteration. Image tamper detection
includes conventional identification and identification
after technology processing. Conventional identification
includes consistency of brightness, contrast and saturation,
consistency of tone and tonal, the changes in the angle of
the light, consistency of light quality and local resolution,
consistency of the light source, consistency of the depth
of field, and abnormal phenomenon such as structure and
plot. Technology identification includes examination after
image adjustment, examination of perspective proportion
relationship, layer calculation, the characteristics of image
edge, details of the trace, and quantitative of the light angle,
examination of resampling.
DIGITAL IMAGE FORENSICS; IMAGE ORIGIN
IDENTIFICATION; IMAGE TAMPER DETECTION
KEYWORDS
O 28-5
SPLICING FORGERY IMAGE DETECTION BASED
ON DEPTH OF FIELD CONSISTENCY OF IMAGING
PROCESS
Image forgery is a serious issue in recent years. According to
the problem that traditional authentification method depends
on experience excessively, but lacks in strict and consistent
standards, a splicing image authentification method based
on estimation of depth of field is proposed. This method first
gets the essential factors for DOF calculation from EXIF,
such as focal distance and object distance, then uses to DOF
calculation formula to get the DOF extent in image process.
After the above procedure, we compares the estimation of
DOF extent with the measured value to find whether DOF is
inconsistent in these images or not. Experiments validated
that this method can verify splicing images exactly, and
provide scientific evidence for image authentification.
Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of
China (Grant No. 61307016)
KEYWORDS
IMAGE FORGERY; SPLICING IMAGE;
O 28-6
SPLICING FORGERY IMAGE DETECTION BASED
ON ILLUMINANCE INTENSITY CONSISTENCY OF
IMAGING PROCESS
Peng Sun
Criminal Science and Technique, China Criminal Policing
University, Shenyang, China
Image forgery is a serious issue in recent years. According to
the problem that traditional authentification method depends
on experience excessively, but lacks in strict and consistent
standards, a splicing image authentification method based
on illuminance intensity estimation is proposed. This
method first estimates intensity of reflected light based on
the hypothesis of simple illuminance model, then uses light
intensity attenuation formula to get the equation of reflected
light which cause image process. After the above procedure,
we compares the equation with the measured value to find
whether illuminance intensity is inconsistent in these images
or not. Experiments validated that this method can verify
splicing images exactly, and provide scientific evidence for
image authentification.
Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of
China (Grant No. 61307016)
KEYWORDS IMAGE FORGERY; SPLICING IMAGE;
ILLUMINANCE INTENSITY
ORAL PRESENTATION 29
CLINICAL FORENSIC MEDICINE (CFM): TBC 4
O 29-1
FOCUSSING ON THE FUTURE: SURVEY RESULTS ON
THE IMAGE CAPTURE OF PATTERNED CUTANEOUS
INJURIES
Sam Evans1, Jason Payne-James2
1
Dental Illustration Unit & School of Medicine, Cardiff
University, Cardiff, United Kingdom, 2Forensic Healthcare
Services, United Kingdom
An investigator who is involved in assessing the likelihood of
physical abuse must make a decision as to whether the injury
seen matches the explanation given. In some instances the
355
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
Peng Sun
Criminal Science and Technique, China Criminal Policing
University, Shenyang, China
DEPTH OF FIELD
WFF2014
pattern of these injuries can give the investigator a possible
link to the cause of the injury. Photographic imaging is
used to record the patterned cutaneous injuries (PCI) and
to facilitate forensic interpretation. The current method
of capturing PCI often results in some form of distortion
that causes a change to the shape of the patterned injury.
The Dermatological Patterned Injury Capture and Analysis
(DePICA) research group was formed to assess current
image capture methods and practices. An online survey was
set up to assess the value of localised imaging protocols and
training specific to imaging PCI and was made available
to law enforcement professionals, forensic investigators
and hospital staff. 80 participants responded to the survey.
The majority of the survey participants have had training in
medical or forensic photography, however 66 (83%) have not
had specific training in how to photograph PCI. 41 (51%) of
the participants responded that they always use a rigid scale
and 34 (43%) position the camera so that it is perpendicular
to the scale and injury. Comments made about the quality
of images obtained and produced raises concerns about how
much knowledge those initiating such images have about
image relevance in criminal cases. It is evident that a clear
and comprehensive guide to photographing PCIs is required
to improve the quality of the photographic evidence that is
collected.
FORENSIC PHOTOGRAPHY; PATTERNED
CUTANEOUS INJURIES; SURVEY
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
KEYWORDS
O 29-2
COMPARISON OF INJURIES DUE TO LETHAL
WEAPONS DURING PRE AND POST-WAR PERIODS IN
SRI LANKA; A MEDICO-LEGAL ANALYSIS
during pre-war period and to compare those with the injuries
during post-war period.
Methods : A cross-sectional study was conducted on patients
reported with injuries caused by lethal weapons from 2004 to
2014. Altogether, 21, 210 Medico-legal examination forms
were studied.
Results : There were 358 (1.7%) injuries caused by lethal
weapons. of them, 41% (148) were pre-war and 59% (210)
were post-war. Majority were employed, males, in 20-29
years. Most were assaulted with a sharp weapon by known
person and received grievous injuries.
Majority of pre-war injuries occurred in day time. Thirty
two percent (48) were blast injuries. Majority of post-war
injuries occurred at night due to financial disputes. One was
an accidental blast injury.
63% of pre and 48% of post-war injuries occurred during day
time (p<0.05). 32% of pre and 01% of post-war violence were
due to explosive weapons (P<0.01). 73% of pre and 57% of
post-war injuries were severe (p<0.05). 30% of pre and 6% of
post-war injuries were in lower limbs (p<0.01). 37% of post
and 24% of pre-war injuries were in upper limbs (p<0.05).
Conclusions : Pre-war injuries occurred during day time with
explosive weapons to lower limbs. Post-war injuries occurred
at night from non-explosive weapons to upper limbs. Pre-war
injures were more severe than post-war. Presence of many
similarities indicated that both groups learnt basis in a society
that breeds violence. Non-explosive lethal weapon use in
post-war needs to be further investigated in order to develop
evidence based interventions.
KEYWORDS LETHAL WEAPONS; PRE AND POST WAR;
SRI LANKA
O 29-3
Muditha Vidanapathirana1, Sriyantha Amararatne2 ,
Sameera Gunawardane3 , Ajith Rathnaweera4
1
Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medical
Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Colombo, Sri
Lanka; 2Department of Forensic Pathology, Institute of Legal
Medicine and Toxicology, Colombo, Sri Lanka; 3Department
of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine,
University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka; 4Department of
Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna,
Karapitiya, Sri Lanka
Introduction : In Sri Lanka, the problem of using lethal
weapons has emerged as a subject of public discussion in
recent years. This study was conducted to describe the nature
and characteristics of injuries caused by lethal weapons
356
APPLICATION OF A MULTIFACTORIAL FORENSIC
AGE ESTIMATION METHOD IN A GROUP OF EAST
AFRICAN DETAINEES
Sameera Gunawardena1, Udari Liyanage2 , Jayanie
Weeratne3 , Asela Mendis1
1
Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty
of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka;
2
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of
Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka; 3Forensic Odontologist, Institute
of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, Colombo, Sri Lanka
INTRODUCTION : Forensic age estimations using a
multifactorial method were conducted on thirteen East
African detainees facing criminal charges, to ascertain if they
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
KEYWORDS AGE DETERMINATION IN LIVING; CT
SCAN STERNOCLAVICULAR JOINT; THIRD MOLAR
MATURITY
O 29-5
PENILE QUANTITATIVE SENSORY TESTING
TECHNOLOGY AND IT’S APPLICATION IN FORENSIC
SCIENCE
Feixiang Wang, Guangyou Zhu
Department of Clinical Forensic Medicine, Institute of Forensic
Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, China
Objective : To explore the quantitative sensory testing
technology of penis (including temperature and vibration)
in male sexual dysfunction (including erectile dysfunction
and ejaculatory dysfunction) application value in forensic
medicine.
Methods : Using the TSA-II quantitative sensory analyzer,
the heat threshold, heat pain threshold, and vibration
threshold of the glans penis and left hand index finger were
detected with limit method in normal control subjects (25
cases), erectile dysfunction patients (50 cases) after nerve
injury, anejaculation patients (15 cases) after nerve injury,
and simultaneously calculate the glans penis relative sensory
threshold, namely the glans penis ratio different sensory
threshold respectively with the left hand index finger sensory
threshold. Analysis and comparison of t test application
independent sample group. In addition, sensory profile
control, through the determination of sensory disturbance
plane (C1-C8, T1-T12, L1-L5, S1-S4), and the localization
diagnosis of the site of nerve injury.
Results : In patients with erectile dysfunction group after
nerve injury, glans penis sensory threshold was significantly
higher than that in the normal control group, heat threshold,
heat pain threshold and the relative threshold were 45.6 ±
3.2 ºC, 48.5 ± 1.7 ºC (see Table 1.1) and 1.38 ± 0.13, 1.21 ±
0.10, there was significant difference between the two groups
(p<0.05); vibration threshold and relative threshold were 12.2
± 2.4 μ (see Table 1.2) and 4.82 ± 0.13, there was significant
difference between the two groups (p<0.05). In patients with
anejaculation after nerve injury, glans penis sensory threshold
was significantly higher than that in the normal control group,
heat threshold, heat pain threshold and the relative threshold
were 43.4 ± 3.4 ºC, 46.4 ± 1.8 ºC (see table 1.3) and 1.30 ±
0.12, 1.15 ± 0.10, there was significant difference between
the two groups (p<0.05); vibration threshold and relative
threshold was 15.3 ± 2.8 μ (see table 1.4) and 6.35 ± 0.12,
there was significant difference between the two groups
(p<0.05). Based on the measured plane somato sensory
disorder, can confirm the nerve injury site, such as S1, S2
nerve injury.
Conclusion : ① The penis quantitative temperature testing
technology is the evaluation of pudendal nerve especially
small nerve conduction of nociceptive (class C), the effective
methods of fiber structure and function. Compared with the
traditional neural electrophysiological examination, it can
more effectively detect pudendal nerve injury or dysfunction,
sexual dysfunction can be applied to forensic identification.
The quantitative vibration perception technology is the
evaluation of the penis of pudendal nerve especially
357
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
were below or above 18 years. This was done by a team of
experts comprising of two specialists in forensic medicine, a
specialist in radiology and a forensic odontologist.
METHODOLOGY : Full informed consent was obtained.
Each detainee was interviewed with an interpreter and
examined clinically. Tanner staging was done according
to observable changes in the genitalia. Common medical
and nutritional disorders were excluded clinically. Dental
charting and X-ray of the mandibular third molar teeth were
done and graded according to Demirjian’s classification. CT
scans of the sternoclavicular joints were obtained and graded
according to Schmeling’s classification. Finally, the age
ranges were estimated using the following regression formula
developed by Bassed et al.
Lower age limit = 9.91 + {0.74x (molar score)} + {1.19x
(clavicle score)}
Upper age limit=11.55 + {0.99x (molar score)} + {1.41x
(clavicle score)}
To account for unknown ethnic factors, the range was
expanded by a further 10%.
RESULTS : All the subjects had Stage V pubic hair and
genital growth. In all, the mandibular third molar teeth had
erupted and showed Stage H dental maturity. CT scans of
the clavicle showed one subject with Stage 2 maturity, six
subjects with Stage 3 maturity and the other six with Stage
4 maturity. The calculated age ranges in these three groups
were 18.0 to 22.5; 19.2 to 23.9 and 20.3 to 25.3 respectively.
CONCLUSION : The formula by Bassed et al provided much
narrower age ranges than what would have been possible if
only odontological or radiological methods had been used.
Though the clinical examination did not directly contribute to
the age estimation formula, it played a vital role in excluding
numerous medical and nutritional conditions that could
affect dental and skeletal maturity. This paper highlights the
superior scientific validity in using the multifactorial method
in forensic age estimations especially when determining age
ranges around 18 years.
WFF2014
conductive touch pressure sensation nerve (A β) effective
method of fiber structure and function. Compared with the
traditional neural electrophysiological examination, it can
more accurately detect the penis nerve injury or dysfunction,
sexual dysfunction can be used in forensic identification.
QUANTITATIVE SENSORY TESTING;
ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION; ANEJACULATION
KEYWORDS
O 29-6
WITHER CLINICAL FORENSIC MEDICINE - A
DOWNHILL SPIRAL?
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
John Gall1,2,3
1
Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne,
Melbourne, Australia; 2Vic Forensic Paediatric Medical
Service, Royal Children’s Hospital and Monash Medical Centre,
Melbourne, Australia; 3Era Health, Southern Medical Services,
Melbourne, Australia
In 2003, 11 years ago, an editorial was published in
Anil Aggrawal’s Internet Journal of Forensic Medicine
and Toxicology[1]. This editorial lamented the state of
clinical forensic medicine commenting that it was facing
a crisis of identity and ultimately of existence. Clinical
forensic medicine (CFM) had failed to establish itself
as an independent medical and academic discipline, and
in some jurisdictions, had allowed and encouraged a
fragmentation and loss of services to other medical and
paramedical disciplines. Despite the passage of 11 years and
the formation of collegiate faculties of forensic medicine
in two counties, the discipline appears to be in continual
decline. CFM has existed for very many years. In the past,
most clinical forensic work was conducted by general
practitioners with a special interest in forensic medicine,
a situation that continues but now with the noted addition
of nurses and paediatricians. Formal education has been
and remains piecemeal. Many have learnt’on the job’ and
without much, if any, knowledgeable supervision. There
are basic formal educational qualifications but there is no
absolute obligation for practitioners to obtain one. Similarly,
there has been no requirement for the practitioner to partake
in formal continuing medical education (CME). There is
an absence of academic acceptance of the discipline. The
absence of research has led to a not-often-publicised problem;
many of the’facts’ in forensic medicine are not based on
scientifically proven data. It is interesting that the medical
and legal profession consider it inappropriate for the various
recognised disciplines of medicine to practice without
358
appropriate advanced training but appear willing for clinical
forensic opinions within the legal system to be provided
by practitioners without the appropriate level of training.
Why does the law accept substandard forensic science and
medicine? How many false convictions or released felons
are there due to poor quality application of CFM principles?
Sadly, there appears to be a misconception amongst police,
lawyers and other doctors that with a medical qualification
comes all knowledge of matters forensic. We all see bruises,
abrasions and lacerations but do we all really understand
them? To quote Einstein, a little knowledge is a dangerous
thing. If CFM is to survive and function as a specialty or subspecialty and to provide an ongoing competent professional
service, the issues of direction, education and training require
urgent attention. As per the original editorial, this will require:
- the establishment of academic centres of excellence;
- research funds for the conduct off orensic medical research;
- the establishment of learned societies or colleges; and
- cessation of fragmentation of CFM.
Achievement of these aims will not be easy and will also
require a campaign to convince medical colleagues, the legal
profession, academics and politicians of the need for CFM as
a speciality in itself.
[1] Gall JAM. Wither Clinical Forensic Medicine (Editorial).
Anil Aggrawal’s Internet Journal of Forensic Medicine and
Toxicology, 2003; Vol. 4, No. 1 (January - June 2003) : http :
//anil298.tripod.com/vol_004_no_001/others/editorial.html;
Published January 1, 2003.
KEYWORDS
EDUCATION; CLINICAL MEDICINE;
FORENSIC
ORAL PRESENTATION 30
FORENSIC GENETICS & BIOLOGY (GB): DB
O 30-1
THE USE OF DNA DATABASE OF BIOLOGICAL
EVIDENCE FROM SEXUAL ASSAULTS AND RAPES
IN CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIONS: A SUCCESSFUL
EXPERIENCE IN BRAZIL
Samuel T G Ferreira1,2 , Karla A Paula1, Flávia A Maia1,
Arthur E Svidzinski1, Marinã R Amaral1, Silmara A. Diniz1,
Maria E. Siqueira1, Adriana V. Moraes1
1
Instituto de Pesquisa de DNA Forense, Polícia Civil do Distrito
Federal, Brasília, Brazil; 2Secretaria Nacional de Segurança
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
Pública do Ministério da Justiça - Senasp/MJ, Brasília, Brazil
DNA databases may play a crucial role in many kinds of
criminal investigations. In sexual assaults and rapes, DNA
databases of biological evidence may play a essential role
in investigations and in the identification of the perpetrators.
Particularly, in countries where there is no legislation
regarding DNA databases from suspects or convicted
individuals, DNA databases of biological evidence from
sexual assaults and rapes may prove decisive in criminal
investigations. In Brazil, until 2012 and 2013 there was
no legislation regarding DNA databases from suspects
or convicted individuals. Due to the lack of legislation
concerning this subject and the need for solving crimes
related to sexual assaults, the Forensic DNA Research
Institute of Federal District Civil Police in Brasília created
in 1998 the first DNA database of biological evidence
from sexual assaults and rapes in Brazil to aid criminal
investigations. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the
successful experience of the the Forensic DNA Research
Institute of Federal District Civil Police in Brasília, Brazil,
in aiding criminal investigations in solving crimes and in
identifying perpetrators using this kind of DNA database.
Forensic scientists using a DNA database of biological
evidence from sexual assaults and rapes working toghter with
Federal District Civil Police authorities and investigators
found sixty eight serial rapists who had attacked one hundred
and ninety one women in Brasília, Brazil.
O 30-3
THE IMPACT OF NEW DNA TECHNOLOGIES ON THE
FUTURE OF CRIMINAL OFFENDER DNA DATABASES
Tim Schellberg
Gordon Thomas Honeywell, Governmental Affairs, Seattle,
Washington, United States
Forty-eight countries have implemented national criminal
offender DNA database programs. These databases
contain over 50 million offenders. DNA databases have
revolutionized police investigations and have solved
countless unsolvable crimes. And, the databases are growing.
By 2020 it is likely that twenty more countries will have
national offender databases with the collective profiles
exceeding 100 million.
During this time of significant criminal offender DNA
KEYWORDS
DNA; POLICY; TECHNOLOGY
O 30-4
THE STATUS AND MANAGEMENT FLOW OF KOREAN
CONVICTED OFFENDER DNA DATABASE
Su-Jeong Park, Jong-Sik Kim, Hye-Yeon Kim, Seung-Hwan
Lee
DNA Forensic Division, Supreme Prosecutors’ Office, Seoul,
Korea (South)
Following the enforcement of DNA law in July 2010, the
criminal DNA database has started in Korea for efficient
criminal investigation and protection of human rights.
359
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
DNA DATABASE; SEXUAL ASSAULTS;
RAPES; EVIDENCE; SERIAL RAPISTS
KEYWORDS
database growth, new DNA technology, such as Rapid DNA
and Next Generation testing will dramatically change the way
we view and utilize these databases. For example, consider
the impact of Next Generation’s ability to produce all relevant
genetic markers at once. In the pursuit of justice, proposals
will be inevitable to expand the databases to many more
STR’s, full panels of Y STR’s, and SNPs. When this occurs,
how will our policy makers react? Furthermore, what will be
the policy implications on sensitive issues, such as familial
searching, and on how legislation should be designed to deal
with these issues?
The next ten years will also see a rise in the use of DNA
database in civilian uses, such as for ID cards, and
immigration. For example, within the next few years, we will
likely see the first country move forward with a citizen-wide
DNA database. As other countries try to replicate civilian
uses, what polices will be designed to harness the value of the
technology, while protecting privacy?
This presentation will evaluate new DNA database
technologies and applications, and how the world’s policy
makers will likely respond. Existing examples from around
the world will be reviewed and legislative predictions will be
made. The presentation will also evaluate changing attitudes
towards DNA databasing and the impact the future healthcare
system will have on these attitudes. In the coming decades,
personalized medicine will cause most of us to voluntarily
submit our full human genomes to the health care industry. In
exchange, we will hope to receive the best health care results
possible. Consequently, public acceptance of genetic testing
and big health care data will likely skyrocket. What will this
all mean to the public policy debate related to criminal DNA
databases? It will likely mean we will see a larger criminal
DNA databases and aggressive applications to solve and
prevent crime. This presentation will explain why.
WFF2014
Under the law, prosecutors and police are authorized to
collect DNA samples from individuals for 11 types of
violent crime. The Korean criminal DNA database consists
of personal information and DNA profiles, which are
managed independently. During the 2010.7.26~2014.4.30,
over 70, 000 convicted offender’s DNA profiles have
been accumulated in DNA database. Among those, over
1, 336 matches were found to be related to unsolved
crimes. The procedure of DNA analysis is automated to
handle the massive number of database samples efficiently
and minimize human errors and cross-contaminations.
DNA profile match program was developed for efficient
management of DNA profiles and search for DNA matches.
The collected buccal swab samples must be discarded after
upload the DNA profiles according to the law. So we carry
out duplicate analysis on each sample by different analyst
for error-free DNA analysis. For real time feedback services,
we give a match result to police within 30 minutes. The
guidelines are setting up for accurate database management
under the DNA Management Committee.
KEYWORDS CRIMINAL DNA DATABASE; OFFENDER;
DNA PROFILE
O 30-5
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
FORENSIC DNA DATABASES: TOWARDS BEST
PRACTICE ETHICAL, LEGAL AND SCIENTIFIC
STANDARDS
Helen Wallace1, Anthony Jackson1, Jeremy Gruber2 , Andrew
Thibedeau2
1
Genewatch UK, Buxton, Derbyshire, United Kingdom; 2Council
for Responsible Genetics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United
States
T h e F o r e n s i c G e n e t i c s P o l i c y I n i t i a t i v e [ w w w.
dnapolicyinitiative.org] is a civil society-led project which
aims to set human rights standards for DNA databases around
the world, by establishing best practice and involving experts,
policy makers and members of the public in open debate.
DNA databases can play an important role in solving crimes
but safeguards are also needed to prevent abuses, protect
privacy, maintain public trust and avoid miscarriages of
justice.
Emerging best practice for DNA databases will be discussed
based on a global survey. Policies discussed will include :
collection and destruction of samples; retention and deletion
of data; restrictions on access to and uses of biological
samples and data; and safeguards to protect the chain of
360
custody, prevent contamination, and handle forensic evidence
in court.
KEYWORDS
DNA DATABASE; HUMAN RIGHTS; ETHICS
O 30-6
THE PRESENT AND FUTURE OF THE KOREA
FORENSIC DNA DATABASE
Hyunchul Park, Kyungmyung Lee, Sanghyun An, Hyehyeon
Lee, Hansol Kwon, Si-Keun Lim
Forensic DNA Division, National Forensic Service, Wonju,
Korea (South)
In Korea, the 『Act on use and Protection of DNA
Identification Information』 called’DNA law’ was established
on 26 July, 2010, and the national forensic DNA database
was constructed for crime scenes, arrestees, and convicted
offenders. The national forensic DNA database is managed
by two organizations : Nation Forensic Service (NFS)
and Supreme Prosecutor’s Office (SPO). The database
management system of NFS (called’DIMS’) includes DNA
profiles of crime scenes and arrestees, and that of SPO
(called’KODNAD’) includes DNA profiles of convicted
offenders. Although the national forensic DNA database is
separated, both databases are connected to each other, and
DNA profiles are transmitted to the other side database. In
this study, we present the attainment and current state of
Korea DNA database based on the data of NFS for the past
4 years. Since the DNA law was enforced in 2010, 46, 135
DNA profiles of crime scenes and 33, 419 DNA profiles
of arrestees have been stored in the database. From 2000
to 2013, about 78, 400 DNA profiles of crime scenes were
stored in the crime case database. Above all, due to the
database search, we could solve 7, 100 cold cases and serial
crime cases. The DNA profiles of arrestee and suspect were
matched to 11, 325 DNA profiles of crime scenes, and 5, 221
DNA profiles were matched between crime scenes. The most
frequently occurring serial case is the larceny, and then the
second frequently serial case is the sexual assault. We also
built the database for 3, 599 DNA profiles of the unidentified
remains and 2, 329 DNA profiles of family of missing
persons. Furthermore, we developed a database for mixed
DNA profiles of crime scenes to manage the unsolved cases.
FORENSIC DNA DATABASE; CRIME
SCENE; SERIAL CASES
KEYWORDS
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
O 30-7
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CARTILAGE AND
PHALANGE FROM HALLUX AS IMPORTANT KINDS
OF SAMPLES FOR DNA TYPING IN DISASTER VICTIM
IDENTIFICATION (DVI)
ORAL PRESENTATION 31
FORENSIC PATHOLOGY (PT): ENGINEERING IN FP,
POLICY
O 31-1
Samuel T G Ferreira , Rodrigo G. Garrido , Karla A.
Paula1, Ricardo C Nogueira3 , Elvis A. Oliveira3 , Adriana V.
Moraes1
1
Instituto de Pesquisa de DNA Forense, Polícia Civil do Distrito
Federal, Brasília, Brazil; 2Instituto de Pesquisa E Perícias Em
Genética Forense, Polícia Civil do Estado do Rio de Janeiro,
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; 3Instituto de Medicina Legal, Polícia
Civil do Distrito Federal, Brasília, Brazil; 4 Secretaria Nacional
de Segurança Pública do Ministério da Justiça - Senasp/MJ,
Brasília, Brazil
1,4
2
KEYWORDS DISASTER VICTIM IDENTIFICATION; DVI;
SAMPLE; DNA TYPING; SAMPLE;CARTILAGE; BONE;
HALLUX; PHALANGE
Sungji Park1, Jang Gyu Cha2 , Youngseok Lee1, Insoo Seo1,
Bongwoo Lee1, Kyungmoo Yang1, Youngshik Choi1
1
National Forensic Service, Wonju, Korea (South); 2Department
of Radiology, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital,
Bucheon, Korea (South)
Fall from height is one of the most popular way of suicide
in Korea. Skull fracture is commonly accompanied with
these cases, but several cases show absence of skull fracture
with serious body injuries including sternal and vertebral
fracture. The mechanism of this pattern of injury can be
explained by impact of facial part on chest or abdomen when
the body touchs to the ground. We try to figure out relevance
of this pattern of injury to the height of fall using computer
simulation (Madymo 7.5). For this experiment, condition
of initial pose is limited to leaning forward. The simulation
show that when the body rotates forward, the body parts
which get injured by ground depends on the height of fall.
Relatively lower height, head gets injured, but as the height
is higher, the point of first impaction area becomes back, hip
and then legs. When the body struck first around hip area
on supine position, the impaction makes forceful flexion of
lumbar, thoracic and cervical vertebrae, leading to fold the
body in two, which results in collision between the part of
face and the anterior part of body. This simulation result is
not against with the earlier study that cranial fractures showed
biphasic distribution with regard to the impaction energy or
height.
SKULL FRACTURE, FALL FROM HEIGHT;
BIPHASIC; SIMULATION, MADYMO
KEYWORDS
O 31-2
BLUNT LIVER INJURY WITH INTACT RIBS UNDER
IMPACTS ON THE ABDOMEN: A BIOMECHANICAL
INVESTIGATION
Yu Shao1, Donghua Zou1, Zhengdong Li1, Lei Wan1,
Zhiqiang Qin1, Ningguo Liu1, Jianhua Zhang1, Liangwei
361
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
In mass fatality incidents, the quality and the kind of samples
for DNA typing will play a crucial role in the identification of
the victims. The choice of samples for DNA typing depends
on the conditions of the bodies and on many factors related
to the incident. The aim of this study is to demonstrate that
cartilage and phalanges from hallux are important kinds of
samples for DNA typing in disaster victim identification
(DVI). In this study, we compared DNA yields and DNA
profiles of twenty cartilage samples from knees with twenty
bone samples (phalanges from hallux) collected from the
same victims of the biggest natural disaster in Brazil in which
there were 918 deaths. This mass fatality incident was due to
floods and mudslides in the mountainous region of the State
of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil in January 2011. Sample collection
was performed with disposable equipment. Modified organic
phenol-chloroform was used for DNA extraction. Plexor
HY Kit (Promega) was used for real-time quantification and
Identifiler Plus (Life Technologies) and PowerPlex 16 and
Fusion (Promega) Kits were used for amplification. The
results of the amount of DNA recovered from the samples
and the quality of the STRs profiles obtained showed that
cartilage and phalanges are excellent kinds of samples for
DNA typing in disaster victim identification (DVI).
BIOMECHANICAL ANALYSIS OF BIPHASIC
DISTRIBUTION OF SKULL INJURY
IN FALLS FROM HEIGHT
WFF2014
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
Zhong2 , Ping Huang1, Yijiu Chen1
1
Department of Forensic Pathology, Institution of Forensic
Science, Ministry of Justice, China, Shanghai, China; 2College
of Mechanical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science
and Technology, Shanghai, China
Liver injury may be caused by a direct impact with a certain
velocity and energy on the abdomen, which may result in
a lacerated liver by penetration of fractured ribs. However,
liver ruptures without rib cage fractures were found in
autopsies in a series of cases. All the victims sustained
punches on the abdomen by fist. In the present study, finite
element methods and numerical simulation technology were
used to investigate the actual process and biomechanism
of liver injury induced by blunt impact on the abdomen,
especially with intact ribs remained. A finite element human
torso model was developed from high resolution CT data.
The model consists of geometrically-detailed liver and rib
cage models and simplified models of soft tissues, thoracic
and abdominal organs. After validation, the torso model was
used in simulations in which the right hypochondrium was
punched by a fist from the frontal, lateral, and rear directions,
and in each direction with impact velocities of 4, 5, 6, 7, and
8 m/s. The results showed that liver rupture was primarily
caused by a direct strike of the ribs induced by blunt impact to
the abdomen. The overall kinematics of the torso showed that
the rib cage and the surrounding soft tissue were pressed and
compressed inside firstly after the impact, then rebounded
with the fist. The liver was impacted and compressed by
the chest wall beneath the impact area of the body surface.
Among three impact directions, a lateral impact was most
likely to cause liver injury with a minimum punch speed of 5
m/s (the momentum was about 2.447 kg.m/s). The minimum
punch speed to cause liver injury under frontal directions
was 6 m/s (momentum of 2.936 kg.m/s). And rear punches
could hardly cause liver injury. Under the same impact
direction, higher punch speeds could result in more severe
liver injuries. The contact force between the rib cage and liver
was decreased to approximately 1.6% of the initial impact
force between the fist and thoracoabdominal muscles. The
vast amount of the initial impact energy was absorbed and
dissipated in the soft tissues and bony structures, leaving only
a minor part transmitted to the liver. Because of their material
characteristics which could sustain larger amounts of impact
energy, muscles and rib cage remained intact during all the
simulation scenarios. Overall, liver injuries could occur in
isolation and were not accompanied by rib fractures under
punches on the abdomen, especially from lateral direction.
The simulation results were consistent with the liver rupture
of the victims in the real cases.
362
FINITE ELEMENT METHOD; LIVER
INJURY; BIOMECHANISM
KEYWORDS
O 31-3
CRANIOCEREBRAL INJURY MECHANISM
EXPLORATION BY DIGITAL RECONSTRUCTION
TECHNOLOGIES: HEAD TRAUMA CAUSED BY
STRIKE OR FALL?
Li Zhengdong
Forensic Pathology Department, Institute of Forensic Science,
Ministry of Justice, Prc, Shanghai, China
The elucidation and prediction of the head trauma
biomechanics could serve as a useful tool in forensic
sciences. Digital reconstructions technologies in terms of
virtopsy and finite element (FE) analysis could potentially
help understand the mechanisms of brain injuries and skull
fractures in the forensic practices. The study was based on a
real head trauma case, aimed to reconstruct the head injury
patterns of the victims with virtopsy methods, to develop
and validate a FE model of the human head, and to assess
the biomechanics of specific injuries concerning strike and
fall loading conditions. The head trauma 3D model was
reconstructed and assembled using Mimics 13.0 based on the
CT scans of the injured head, which demonstrates the features
of contre-coup brain injury and global skull deformation. The
skull FE model validation and injury reconstruction were
conducted using the LS-DYNA code. The material properties
were based upon a synthesis of data found in published
literature. The model was validated by comparison of the
forehead impact and falling simulation results and published
postmortem human surrogate (PMHS) results. We generated
a cylinder of Φ5cm impacting the skull model with velocities
of 4.77m/s, 5.77m/s, and 6.77m/s, respectively. In the fall
of loading conditions, the head FE model fell at the given
speed of 4.77m/s, 5.77m/s, and 6.77m/s, respectively. We
compared the injuries resulting from the trauma case with
the simulated results in order to explore the possible fracture
biomechanism. Under simulated falling conditions, the
global deformation pattern was formed and the skull fracture
patterns and mechanisms were consistent with the actual
injury features. Our study demonstrated that the virtopsy
and FE simulation methods could potentially be effective in
identifying forensic cases and exploring of the head trauma
mechanisms. This model can be employed to distinguish
between possible and impossible scenarios.
KEYWORDS
HEAD TRAUMA BIOMECHANICS; INJURY
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
DIGITAL RECONSTRUCTION; VIRTOPSY
O 31-5
THE CONTRIBUTION OF PATHOLOGY EVIDENCE IN
THE PROSECUTION OF WAR CRIMES
O 31-4
CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION IN SRI LANKA;
FORECAST FOR THE NEXT CENTURY
Paranirubasingam Paranitharan1, Sanjaya Hulathduwa2
Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine,
University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka; 2Department of
Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of
Sri Jayawardenepure, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
1
KEYWORDS SUSPICIOUS DEATHS; CRIME SCENE
INVESTIGATION; MEDICO-LEGAL ISSUES
The first reported use of pathological expertise in the
investigation of alleged war crimes was in 1941, in
uncovering the Katyn massacre of World War 2, but it would
be another 50 or more years before the next substantial
contribution, when large scale teams were employed in the
former Yugoslavia following the conflicts there of the 1990s.
The nature of such pathology work is very different to
that of normal forensic practice and brings with it a need
to recognize limitations and accept compromises. The
careful and methodical examination of remains, even
years afterwards, does nevertheless still produce important
findings in terms of population demographics, restraint and
vulnerability of individuals, and patterns of injuries, all
of which can help to support or counter allegations made.
Reference will be made to recent work on bodies which,
amongst other things, showed a remarkable degree of
preservation even after 21 years.
Additionally, cumulative experience will identify those
aspects of initial forensic investigation likely to prove most
profitable evidentially.
WAR CRIMES; PATHOLOGY EVIDENCE;
PRESERVATION
KEYWORDS
O 31-6
EFFECTIVENESS OF ELEARNING TOOLS IN
THE DELIVERY OF FORENSIC PATHOLOGY
CURRICULUM FOR UNDERGRADUATE MEDICAL
STUDENTS: AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY
Vasudeva Murthy Challakere Ramaswamy
Department of Pathology, International Medical University,
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Background : Medical education has undergone significant
evolution in the last decade. Institutes across the world
are slowly adapting digital technologies to effectively
communicate medical science. Blending all teaching and
learning activities with eLearning would enhance the
student learning experience and can be effective utilised
for teaching undergraduate as well as postgraduate medical
363
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
Crime Scene Investigation (CSI) becomes an integral
component in the investigation of all suspicious deaths and
deaths following violence. Extracting valuable information
from the scene contributes to solving important medico-legal
issues pertaining to the death. The advances in the technology
and knowledge will support the crime investigators to find
answers to the most complex cases.
The success story of Sri Lanka in crime scene investigation
would revolve around the key word’ELITE’ which stands for
E- Expertise, L- Legislature, I-Intelligence, T- Technology
and E- Establishment.
An all island Scene of Crime Officers (SOCO) head quarters
would coordinate all the crime scene investigations in
the country. Crime scene investigation in complex cases
would be led by a Forensic Pathologist who will decide the
team members and provide the necessary guidance to the
SOCOs. A modern crime scene lab as a separate wing of the
Government Analyst (GA) Department would provide the
technological support in the investigations. The legal frame
work and the necessary expertise would be provided by the
Attorney General’s (AG) Department with the separate CSI
unit.
Active collaboration among the SOCO, AG’s department,
GA’s department would further need a vibrant Forensic
Pathology service and thus leading to the establishment of Sri
Lanka Medico-Legal Service (SLMLS) which consists of all
qualified Forensic Pathologists. The director SLMLS would
be the chief administrative officer.
The SLMLS would guide the forensic fraternity towards
future innovations, research and excellence of working
standards thus leading the country to the frontier. The future
Sri Lankan model in Crime Scene Investigation would set an
example to other South East Asian countries.
John Clark
Centre for Forensic Science, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow,
United Kingdom
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
WFF2014
students. There is also the proposal by ministry of education
in Malaysia on increasing the eLearning component to
10-30% which would only enhance the student learning
experience. At International Medical University (IMU) in
Malaysia Kuala Lumpur we have recently introduced various
eLearning tools were introduced and the objective of this
study is to assess the effectiveness of the eLearning tools.
Materials and Methods : An observational study was
conducted to assess the effectiveness of eLearning modules.
In forensic medicine module many innovative eLearning
tools like i-lectures using articulate software, the use of
poll in the face-to-face lectures, discussion forum on the
eLearning portal, the use of videos or web links were tried
for plenary session while resources such as the primal
pictures, virtual medical lab using storyline software, eFLM
(electronic fixed learning module) and use of Quick Response
Code (QR code) were used for the medical museum and
practical sessions. The various eLearning component of the
module was evaluated by using quantitative questionnaire
with the scoring scales between 1 to 4. A total of 200 students
participated in the study and descriptive statistics was used
for the analysis of data.
Results : Average score for effectiveness of the module was
3.23 out of 4.78% of students preferred the use of e learning
tools. 82% of students felt that eLearning tools improved
overall experience of learning.
Conclusion : Our study shows that use of eLearning tools in
the teaching of forensic medicine can improve the learning
experience among students & can be effectively used in
undergraduate teaching modules in medical universities and
with ever changing digital world new tools for education will
only add to student learning experience.
KEYWORDS ELEARNING; FORENSIC PATHOLOGY;
MEDICAL EDUCATION
O 31-7
CAUSAL LINKS BETWEEN MEDICAL ERRORS IN
OBSTETRICS AND STILLBIRTH: A CASE REPORT.
BOLAM PRINCIPLE FROM INTERNATIONAL POW
Vladislav Iakovlev, Vyacheslav Gavrichkov, Natalia Volkova
Department of Complex Expertises, Republic Bureau of Forensic
Medical Expertise, Cheboksary, Russian Federation
A medical error is a preventable adverse effect of care,
whether or not it is evident or harmful to the patient. This
might include an inaccurate or incomplete diagnosis or
treatment of a disease, injury, syndrome, behavior, infection,
364
or other ailment. Up to Obstetrics, health care practitioners
owe a duty of care to pregnant women and have to to be
diligent in monitoring and diagnosing childbirth problems
in order to prevent mistakes which can lead to serious injury
or death of the patient or her child. Must say, that it is very
difficult to be certain of the etiology of stillbirth sometimes
cause of multiple factors being invovlved in the process of
thanatogenesis, and is even more difficult to find a causal link
between obstetrician’s error and stillbirth. However, deep
analisys of medical records and forensic autopsy findings
helps to find truth in most cases. In our report we will talk
about difficulties in making causation between obstetricians’
errors and stillbirth.
KEYWORDS CAUSAL LINKS; FORENSIC PATHOLOGY;
STILLBIRTH
O 31-8
PATERNAL FILICIDE - SUICIDE: A CASE REPORT
Andres Rodriguez Zorro, Jairo Vivas
Department of Forensic Pathology, Instituto Nacional De
Medicina Legal Y Ciencias Forenses, Bogota, Colombia
Filicide, (deliberated act of killing a child by a parent)
following by offender’s suicide is a rare event but highly
shocking in our society. The term filicide - suicide is used in
literature to describe the co- occurrence of this two acts.
We present the case of 4 years old child who was killed by
his father during events took placed inside a funeral home,
workplace of the father, who worked there as a watchman.
Immediately after the death of her daughter, father committed
suicide by a gunshot in his head. Sequence of events was
recorded by a security camera. At the scene, both bodies were
found in the funeral home checkpoint area along with the
weapon. Intimate partner problems were described between
child’s parents. At necropsy the presence of a unique gunshot
wound was documented in right zygomatic region with
corresponding exit wound in left ear. Other signs of trauma
were not documented.
Circumstances surrounding filicide - suicide cases can
provide clues about parent’s motivational profiles.
Characteristics of Filicide – Suicide cases and motives for
paternal filicide described in literature are discussed.
KEYWORDS
FILICIDE; SUICIDE; PATERNAL FILICIDE
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
ORAL PRESENTATION 32
FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY (AP): AP 4
O 32-2
VARIATION OF THE EAR SHAPE CHARACTERISTICS
IN JAPANESE AND ITS APPLICATION TO PERSONAL
IDENTIFICATION IN CRIMINAL CASES
O 32-1
ESTABLISHING A METHOD FOR PREDICTING
THE NASAL TIP POSITION IN UNKNOWN
HUMAN SKELETAL REMAINS FOR FACIAL
RECONSTRUCTION AND SKULL–PHOTO
SUPERIMPOSITION: A PILOT STUDY IN JAPANESE
MEN
Hajime Utsuno1, Toru Kageyama2, Keiichi Uchida3,
Kazuhiko Kibayashi1
1
Legal Medicine, Tokyo Womens Medical University, School
of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; 2Orthodontics, Matsumoto Dental
University, Nagano, Japan; 3Oral Radiology, Matsumoto Dental
University, Nagano, Japan
FACIAL RECONSTRUCTION; FORENSIC
ANTHROPOLOGY; NASAL TIP
KEYWORDS
The cases be requested to examine the images taken by
surveillance camera just keep on increasing. In these cases,
the purpose of the examination is to identify the suspected
persons on the images. Usually, the methods used for
identifying personals on the images are comparisons of
characteristics such as head hair and figure of hairline,
morphological characteristics such as eyebrow, eye, nose,
mouth, ear and so on. Especially, many features are observed
on ear image and no two person has the same ear shape
like fingerprint. Therefore, it is very effective for personal
identification.
In this study, the morphological characteristics of each
part of the ear by using photos of 170 Japanese (men 109,
women 61) were examined to obtain the scientific evidence.
Observed characteristics are figure of auricle, earlobe’s
adherence pattern to face, positional relationship between
helix and antihelix. Each character is classified into six types,
three type and four type, respectively. Frequencies of each
type in the observed characteristics are reported.
In addition, other features such as existence or non-existence
of Darwin tubercle, cell and cleaved earlobe, earlobe’s
adherence angle to face were observed.
Personal identification cases using characteristics of ear
shapes are also reported.
KEYWORDS VA R I AT I O N O F T H E E A R S H A P E
CHARACTERISTICS; PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION;
CRIMINAL CASES
O 32-3
COMBINED USE OF PHOTOANTHROPOMETRY AND
FACIAL GEOMETRY IN THE INVESTIGATION OF
CHILD PORNOGRAPHY ON THE INTERNET
Carlos Machado1, Raffaela Francisco2 , Ana Bezerra3 , Martin
Evison4 , Marco Guimarães2
1
National Institute of Criminalistics, Technical Scientific
Direction/Brazilian Federal Police, Brasília, Brazil;
365
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
Skull–photo superimposition is used to assess the association
between the skull and photograph of a specific individual,
whereas facial reconstruction is used to reproduce the
antemortem facial features from unknown human skulls or to
identify facial features of unknown human skeletal remains.
These techniques are based on the soft tissue thickness and
relationship between soft tissue and skull, including the
position of the ear/external acoustic meatus, pupil/orbit,
nose/nasal aperture, and lip/teeth. However, the ear and
nose regions are relatively difficult to assess because of their
structure, particularly as the soft tissue in these regions are
lined by cartilage.
In the present study, we aimed to establish a more accurate
method for determining the position of the nasal tip relative
to the skull. We measured the height of the maxilla as well as
the height of middle-to-lower facial region in the X-ray films
of 55 Japanese men. From the collected data, we generated
a regression equation. This equation was then applied to
the X-ray films of other 12 Japanese men. We observed
differences of mean 0.7 mm (maximum 3.3 mm, minimum
0 mm) between predicted and actual nasal tips. The result of
this study indicated that the regression equation is useful for
the estimation of the position of the nasal tip.
Yoshihiro Takaesu1, Koji Sugawara1, Yasutaka Nakamura1,
Masatsugu Hashimoto1
1
Dept. of Forensic Odontology and Anthropology, Tokyo Dental
College, Tokyo, Japan; 2The Metropolitan Police Department,
Tokyo, Japan
WFF2014
Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto
Medical School/University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil;
3
Department of Odontology, Healty Sciences School/University
of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil; 4Centre for Forensic Science,
Northumbria University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
2
INTRODUCTION : The incidence of child pornography
published and consumed via the internet continues to
increase. Investigations are frequently compromised,
however, due to the difficulty of reliably establishing the age
of individuals exposed in images. As prosecutions in child
pornography cases may depend on well-established and
reliable scientific methods for age estimation from images,
their development is of critical importance.
OBJECTIVE : The development of a model of logistic
regression based on measurements of facial angles obtained
from images of Brazilian adults and sub-adults, and to
evaluate its reliability in the detection of individuals at or
above the age of consent (18 years).
METHODS : Standardized frontal view images from
Brazilian females (n=500) and males (n=500) of five
age groups (6, 10, 14, 18 and 22 years of age, each ± 15
days) were randomly selected from the Brazilian National
Passport Databank. The selected images were analysed by
one examiner using cephalometric points, which could be
objectively visualised. Intra-observer error was estimated by
the repeated analysis of 100 faces randomly selected from
the main sample. After landmarking the reference points,
72 facial angles were calculated as variables for the study.
The normality of the data was verified by the KomolgorovSmirnov test. The Student´s T-test was used to evaluate intraobserver landmarking error. ANOVA was used to check
differences between the age groups. Pearson´s correlation
was used to determine the correlation between the selected
ANOVA variables and individual ages. The twelve facial
angles which showed best correlation with the age were
used to establish a logistic regression model, in SAS 9.4,
(at significance 0.05), in order to assess the likelihood the
individual was under or over 18 years. This study was
approved by the Ethical Research Committee from the
Hospital of Clinics of the Ribeirão Preto Medical School –
University of São Paulo (Process n : 17017213.0.0000.5440).
RESULTS : The Komolgorov-Smirnov test showed normal
distribution of the data. The Student´s T-test showed no
statistical differences between examiner measurements.
An ANOVA indicated that only five variables showed
no difference among the age groups, while 67 variables
presented differences for at least one age group. Pearson´s
Coefficient showed that 33 variables had a weak correlation
with age (0 to ±0.3); 32 had a moderate correlation (-0.7 to
366
-0.3 or 0.3 to 0.7) and two had a strong correlation (-1 to
-0.7 or 0.7 to 1). The logistic regression model showed that,
from the twelve angles with higher correlation with age, only
seven showed significance sufficient to discriminate between
individuals of under and over 18 years. The reliability of the
model based these seven angles was 90.88%.
CONCLUSION : The proposed model of logistic regression
using seven facial angles showed a reliability of 90.88%,
which can be considered a high value considering the extent
of miscegenation within the Brazilian population and the
sample from which the images were collected. Further studies
from different samples could be helpful in establishing the
validity of this model for use in real forensic cases.
KEYWORDS P H O TO A N T H R O P O M E T RY; FA C I A L
GEOMETRY; AGE ESTIMATION
O 32-4
FORENSIC MANAGEMENT OF ARTEFACTS IN THE
HUMAN IDENTIFICATION PROCESS. THE CYPRUS
(COMMITTEE ON THE MISSING PERSONS IN
CYPRUS) EXPERIENCE: FROM THE FIELD TO THE
RELEASE OF HUMAN REMAINS
Nolly Moyssi, Maria Ktori, Uyum Vehit
United Nations, Committee on Missing Persons in Cyprus,
Nicosia, Cyprus
The Committee on Missing Persons in Cyprus (CMP) is a
bi-communal body established in 1981 by the leaders of the
Greek-Cypriot and Turkish-Cypriot communities with the
participation of the United Nations. The objective of CMP is
to recover, identify and return to their families the remains
of 2001 missing persons from the inter-communal fighting
of 1963-64 and the events of 1974. So far, the remains of
1073 individuals have been exhumed, 871 have undergone
anthropological analysis, and 364 Greek-Cypriots and 121
Turkish-Cypriots have been identified.
The main aim of this presentation is to present the forensic
management of artefacts / personal belongings within the
whole process, and how they contribute to the identification
of missing persons. Artefacts are present in every stage of
the identification process, starting from the investigation
phase and exhumation in the field until the final release of the
remains to the families.
Artefacts are initially encountered by the investigators
during the ante-mortem data collection phase. The collected
information materialises once a burial is successfully located.
The procedures established result in recovering artefacts
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
KEYWORDS PERSONAL BELONGINGS; MISSING
PERSONS; IDENTIFICATION
O 32-5
LAF/CEMEL PROTOCOL HELPING THE
IDENTIFICATION OF MISSED PEOPLE IN RIBEIRAO
PRETO - SAO PAULO/BRASIL
Marco Aurelio Guimaraes1, Raffaela Arrabaca Francisco1,
Teresa Cristina Pantozzi Silveira1, Jose Marcelo Secchieri1,
Moacyr Lobo Costa Junior1, Martin Paul Evison2
1
Pathology and Legal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School,
University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; 2Northumbria
University Centre for Forensic Science, Northumbria University,
Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
INTRODUCTION : Forensic Anthropology is an area of
knowledge that applies the methods of physical anthropology
and archeology to the collection and analysis of legal
evidence, looking for the establishment of the identity of
a human being. The Medico Legal Center of the Faculty
of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo
(CEMEL/FMRP-USP) has a Laboratory of Forensic
Anthropology (LAF), established in 2005 as a partnership
project with the University of Sheffield (UK) and founded
by the British Foreign and Commonwealth Office Global
Opportunities Fund. During this project, a protocol was
designed for bone analysis with an updated scientific
framework applicable to the Brazilian social context thermed
LAF/CEMEL. It should be emphasized that the protocol
consists in a form with 20 pages, based on contingency
tables, and fully bilingual (Portuguese-English) to make the
international interpretation of it easier, if necessary.
OBJECTIVE : Demonstrate the evolution of the cases in
forensic anthropological analysis at CEMEL/FMRP-USP in
9 years applying the forensic anthropological protocol (LAF/
CEMEL), and show how this is helping to find missed people
in Ribeirão Preto and region.
METHODS : All Forensic Anthropology Reports (REAFs)
of the cases accumulated from 2005 to 2013 were analyzed.
When the bones are sent to LAF/CEMEL, they are cleaned
with detergent and water only, and then they dry naturally.
After this, the bones are arranged in anatomical position
with the correct location and laterality. Finishing this
process a full inventory of the bones and teeth of the case
is done to facilitate the anthropological examination of this
unknown individual. Next the bioanthropological variables
are analyzed by the protocol (sex; ancestry; age; stature;
handedness) including odontological findings; pathological
findings and occurrence of belongings.
RESULTS : This study revealed that most of the skeletons
that were sent to CEMEL were incomplete, making it difficult
to obtain a full profile of bioanthropological characteristics.
However, it was found that the skeletons are predominantly
from males, mixed race and right handed. For the variable
age, it was detected the mean age from 30 to 41 years old.
The average height in the studied group was between 1,
65 to 1, 75 meters. Most of the skeletons had some kind of
a pathological finding, as well as dental information, and
presence of belongings forwarded with the skeletons; those
items can help in the identification of the disappeared ones.
CONCLUSION : From 2005 to 2013, 93 cases were
analyzed using the Protocol LAF/CEMEL. From this
analyzed cases, 32 people were identified by this, almost
35% of the cases. Then we can say that identification cases
of disappeared people in Brazil has been effective, totaling
more cases identified by the laboratory than in most Forensic
367
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
and personal belongings in relation to the remains or not;
the categorization and numbering of these elements will be
discussed.
Artefacts are transferred to the Anthropological Laboratory
with the remains, where they undergo specific procedures
along with a complete forensic analysis of the remains which
may contribute to several aspects of the analysis, the sorting
of individuals and ultimately with the final identification of
the remains. The process of documentation of artefacts and
personal belongings at the Lab will be presented as well.
The recovered artefacts are documented during analysis,
which plays an important part of the post mortem
information. Those, together with the genetic results are
reconciled with the ante-mortem information available of
a missing person to finally proceed with the identification.
The presentation will show the usefulness of the information
provided by artefacts and personal belongings during
this phase of the process, especially in cases where
anthropological or genetic findings are insufficient to
distinguish between missing persons from the same family,
i.e.; brothers, sisters.
Finally, after the final identification has been reached,
families are notified and detailed information on the process
is presented by the scientists during the Family Viewing.
During this phase the impact that artefacts and personal
belongings have on families will also be discussed.
In conclusion, based on the experience from the CMP, it is
clear that the proper forensic management of artefacts and
personal belongings recovered with human remains plays an
important role in the identification of missing persons, and
therefore contributes to the bi-communal peace in Cyprus.
WFF2014
Anthropology laboratories in the world, that have 30% mark.
KEYWORDS FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY; SKELETONS;
IDENTIFICATION
O 32-6
CASE REPORT: EVIDENCES OF HUMAN RIGHTS
VIOLATIONS BY BRAZILIAN DICTATORSHIP IN
AN UNUSUAL CASE OF WATER PRESERVATION OF
HUMAN REMAINS FOR 39 YEARS
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
Raffaela Arrabaca Francisco1, Alexandre Pavan Garieri2 ,
Andre Ricardo Meinicke2 , Marcio Talhavini2 , Marcelo
Jost2 , Jorge Marcelo Freitas2 , Renato Teodoro Ferreira
Paranaiba2 , Lehi Sudy Santos2 , Sergio Britto Garcia1, Marco
Aurelio Guimaraes1
1
Pathology and Legal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School,
University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; 2Federal Police
Department, Ministry of Justice, Brasília, Brazil
INTRODUCTION : The exhumation of the remains from
a former political activist (ACR) that fight against the
Brazilian Dictatorship (1964-85) has been requested by the
Human Rights Secretary – Presidency of the Republic. He
died in 1974, supposedly in a confrontation with the police
when he would have been shot by seven bullets (official
version). The exhumation took place in a regular cemetery
at Belo Horizonte city-MG, in August 2013, accompanied
by Brazilian Federal Police. Unexpectedly, the remains were
found submerged in clear water inside a zinc lined coffin in its
grave.
OBJECTIVE : Confirm of the identity of A.C.R. and
investigate if the cause of death was really compatible with
the official version of the dictatorship.
METHODS : Careful draining of water was necessary
before the exhumation using electric pump. Photographic
registration. The remains were transferred in sealed boxes
to the Laboratory of Forensic Anthropology - Medico
Legal Centre, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University
of São Paulo (LAF-CEMEL/FMRP-USP) for skeletal
examination and hystopathological analysis of soft tissues
remains. Nuclear DNA STRs for identification, ballistics for
projectile identification, metallic research on suspect gunshot
wounds using scanning electron microscopy with energy
dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM/EDS) and subperiosteal
bruises using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) were
investigated by the Federal Police Department.
RESULTS : Exhumation findings - the clear fresh water
caused partial preservation of soft tissues, including parts
368
of the brain inside the skull. Well preserved purple-redish
subperiosteal bruises could be observed in different bones.
Five projectiles and two fragments were found inside the
coffin. After DNA and soft tissue sampling, the bones
were submitted to Forensic Anthropological examination
(LAF-CEMEL protocol). Bioanthropological profile was
compatible with the alleged person (male, caucasian, 20-26
y.o., height 1.69-1.78 m, right handed). The main traumatic
findings were : Gunshot wounds (evidenced by the shape and/
or by residues of lead or copper, verified by SEM/EDS) in the
following bones - frontal, left and right parietal, left and right
temporal, right clavicle, left humerus, left and right radius,
left ulna, right carpals (scaphoid, lunate and trapezium), 1st
right metacarpal, ribs (1st right and 5th left), left pelvis, right
femur, right tibia and right fibula. Fractures by high energy,
presumed peri-mortem - right humerus, right hand phalanges
(2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th proximal, and 2nd intermediate), ribs
(6th and 9th left; 4th, 6th and 11th right), right pelvis, left
femur. Subperiosteal bruises (containing higher levels of iron
on bone surface, verified by XRF) on the right humerus, left
femur, left and right tibias and metatarsals (2nd and 3rd left;
1st, 2nd, 3rd and 5th right). Hystopatological examination
confirmed neuronal preservation in the tissues recovered
from the skull. DNA profiling confirmed A.C.R. identity.
From the projectiles found, ballistics revealed five 9mm and
one 0.45”.
CONCLUSION : The unusual preservation of the human
remains in water allowed a detailed investigation of the
case as evidenced by neuronal and bruises preservation.
The primary cause of death was cranial trauma by gunshot
wounds. The final reports concluded abuse of force and signs
of gunshot execution characterizing human rights violation.
KEYWORDS H U M A N R I G H T S V I O L AT I O N S ;
EXHUMATION; IDENTIFICATION
O 32-7
THE SEARCH FOR CLANDESTINE GRAVES OF
THE DEAD AND MISSING POLITICIANS FROM
ARAGUAIA/BRAZIL
Alexandre Deitos1, Alana Azevedo2 , Ademir Franco4 , Rhonan
Silva3 , Edgar Michel-Crosato2 , Maria Biazevic2
1
Technical-Scientific Directorate, Federal Police, São Paulo,
Brazil; 2School of Dentistry (FOUSP), University of São Paulo,
São Paulo, Brazil; 3Institute of Legal Medicine, Goiás Police
Force, Goiânia, Brazil; 4Forensic Odontology, Katholieke
Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
– and various taphonomic factors – bioturbation, flooding,
agricultural activities and post-burial effects : chemical
and mechanical, most of the biological material exhibits
degradation and poor quality.
As a result, considering several limiting factors like :
environment, time since burials, lack of antemortem
information and poor quality of biological material –
hundreds of exhumations, dozens of complete laboratory
anthropological examinations and DNA tests have been
done with the goal of human identification. Important aspect
was the creation of a national DNA database related to the
relatives of the dead and missing.
KEYWORDS FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY; FORENSIC
ARCHAEOLOGY; HUMAN IDENTIFICATION
ORAL PRESENTATION 33
TRACE EVIDENCE / FORENSIC CHEMISTRY (TEC):
OTHERS
O 33-1
THE POTENTIAL FIELD FOR APPLICATION OF
NANOPARTICLE COLOR SENSOR TO DETECT
FORENSIC TRACE EVIDENCE ON SITE AND IN REAL
TIME
Kang-Bong Lee1, Kown-Chul Noh2 , Yun-Sik Nam1
1
Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and
Technology, Seoul, Korea (South); 2Chemistry, Korea University,
Seoul, Korea (South)
Nanomaterials often display unique physical properties that
are not observed in the same materials on a larger scale, and
this phenomenon is called surface plasmon resonance (SPR)
which is influenced by the size, shape of the nanoparticles
and the degree of aggregation. These characteristics of
nanoparticle could be applied to detect forensic evidences
such as anions, heavy metal ions, toxic chemicals, poisonous
chemicals, drugs, bacteria, virus, etc. on site and in real time.
These forensic chemicals can be bound to nanoparticles
functionalized with specifically designed receptor and the
target chemical serves as a “molecular bridge”, shortening
the interparticle distance and inducing the aggregation of
nanoparticles. This aggregation of nanoparticle results in a
significant color change through SPR. Therefore, poisonous
chemical as the forensic evidence can be detected using
the nanoparticle color sensor by the naked eyes or UV-
369
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
The Araguaia Combat happened in northern Brazil in the
early’70s, when the Brazilian Armed Forces decimated
approximately 70 combatants of Communist Party that
sought to overthrow the military government. With the
restoration of Brazilians’ individual rights at the early’80s
there was a need to understand the way in which the
mechanisms of political repression functioned. Fact
exemplified by the National Truth Commission (NTC)
since 2012, which aims to investigate serious human rights
violations that occurred between 1946 and 1988.
The search for the dead and missing people from Araguaia
happens since the late’70s. A systematic search and protocols
have been used since the creation of the Working Group
Araguaia (WGA) in 2009 - with 22 expeditions lasting 15
days on average, until the end of 2013. It was a response of
the Brazilian State to the families involved in this matter,
which includes the Brazilian Human Rights Bureau, Ministry
of Justice, Inter-American Court of Human Rights, Ministry
of Defense and the National Commission of Dead and
Missing Political.
The forensics role of Federal Police from Brazil and others
Brazilian Forensic Agencies in the search of clandestine
graves resulting from human rights abuse of Brazilian
dictatorship period (1964-1985) has been developed under
scientific methodologies. Through a multidisciplinary
approach in the burials from Araguaia region, Forensic
Experts guide the search, detection and recovery of human
remains through surveys, excavations, exhumations,
anthropological examinations and DNA tests for the human
identification.
Initially the research is based upon historical records and
witnesses that point the various lines of conducting the
prospection. When these initial data are validated, then
georeferencing is performed and the tests are conducted
through geophysical technique - ground-penetrating radar,
which optimizes the definition of excavation sites in the
search of bones. At the stage of excavation are used field
techniques observing the stratigraphic profile, space control,
sketch, the search and gathering of remaining traces. To
analyze the remains in the field phase are preferably used
anthroposcopy techniques to perform the screening of the
material collected and packaged in compliance with the chain
of custody required, since the remains will travel thousands
of miles to the Brazilian National Institute of Criminalistics.
At the laboratory the examination extends to other
physical anthropological and archaeological methods –
anthropological profile, dating, injuries and analysis of
evidence – beyond the biological collection for DNA testing
and the production of the forensic report. It is noteworthy
that due to regional climatic conditions – warm and humid
WFF2014
vis spectrometer. Moreover, the absorption ratios of the
modified nanoparticles in aqueous solution exhibited a
linear correlation with their concentrations and the limit
of detection was as low as that of sophisticated analytical
instruments. Thus, the nanoparticle colorimetric sensor can
shed some lights on the development in real time and on site
identification method for forensic evidences.
KEYWORDS FORENSIC SCIENCE; NANOPARTICLE;
COLOR SENSOR
residues on surface of various substance or time-dependent
residues were harvested by using [Eu (Phen)2]3+-clays and
surface modified nanocomposite powders, resulting in good
definition for enhanced latent fingerprint detection.
KEYWORDS
L AT E N T F I N G E R P R I N T;
PHOTOLUMINESCENT PROPERTY; NANOCOMPOSITE
O 33-3
RESEARCH ON THE BRAKE MARK FOR ESTIMATION
OF THE VEHICLE SPEED
O 33-2
NANOFORENSIC APPLICATION : FABRICATION
OF PHOTOLUMINESCENT [EU (PHEN)2]3+ -CLAY
NANOCOMPOSITES WITH MULTIFUCTIONAL
PROPERTIES FOR LATENT FINGERPRINT
DETECTION
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
Seung-Jin Ryu2 , Aran Kim1, Jin-Kyu Lee3 , Hyun Jung1
1
Department of Chemistry, Dongguk University, Seoul, Korea
(South); 2Forensic Chemistry, NFS, Seoul, Korea (South);
3
Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul,
Korea (South)
Photoluminescent [Eu (Phen)2]3+-montmorillonite/hectorite
nanocomposites, fabricated from intercalation reaction, have
been developed to visualize latent fingerprints. The europium
(III)-phenanthroline complex (Eu-Phen complex, [Eu
(Phen)2Cl2 (H2O)2]Cl•H2O) as guest material was obtained
by simple complex reaction, and showed characteristic
red 5D0-7F2 emission at wavelength 617 nm. Guest EuPhen complex and [Eu (Phen)2]3+-clay nanocomposites
were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD),
Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, thermal
analysis (TG-DTA), elemental analysis (CHN/ICP-OES).
Optical property of the obtained products was studied
with diffuse reflectance UV-vis and fluorescence (PL)
spectroscopy. Although the characteristic red emission
are maintained even after intercalation, the luminescence
intensity of [Eu (Phen)2]3+-hectorite was much higher
than that of montmorillonite one due to the suppression
of emission by quenching impurities such as iron in the
montmorillonite host clay. And also, for the purpose of
using in latent fingerprint detection, the interaction between
hydrophilic [Eu (Phen)2]3+-clay nanocomposite and hydro-/
organophilic finger mark residues should be improved. Thus,
the present work provides an alternative routine for preparing
organophilic surface of clay nanocomposite by silylation
with hexadecyltrimethoxysilane (HDTMS). Fingerprint
370
Shaoyou Pan
Department of Traffic Accident Investigation, Institute of
Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Prc, Shanghai, China
Objective Tire impressions on the road are common trace in
traffic accident investigation, which could be divided into
different segments according to the depth of color on the
paved road. The gray part and black part which emerged in
braking process of vehicle are usually called brake mark.
Because the length of brake marks are important to estimation
the vehicle speed, this research which base on vehicle
dynamics concentrated on how the brake mark formed and
what conditions influenced on the formation.
Methods By computer simulation, there were two significant
factors, vehicle speed and wheel load, that would affect
the formation of the brake mark. Therefore a system was
set up to collect different data in the vehicle test, such as
rotational speed of wheels, vehicle speed, pitch angle, brake
pedal force, etc. The system also combined two high-speed
cameras which recorded tire impressions of both front and
rear wheels. Many sets of experiment were performed with a
truck which had no ABS system in different speed and load
conditions. After treating the video by the analysis method of
gray level difference, all data of vehicle tests integrated with
the computer simulation could draw conclusions.
Results This research proved that larger the load of vehicle
was, harder the brake mark was identified in the same
condition. The center of vehicle gravity moved forward with
the brake force increasing. If the vehicle had no brake force
distribution system, the rear wheels would be more prefer to
get locking than the front. The formation of the brake mark
was related with the wheel slip ratio.
Conclusion The vehicle speed could be estimated according
to the length of brake marks by appropriate methods. If the
wheel slip ratio of the accident vehicle was measured in the
braking test, the speed of vehicle could be calculated more
accuracy.
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
KEYWORDS
BRAKE MARK; SLIP RATIO; VEHICLE
SPEED
O 33-4
A STUDY OF INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT KIND
OF SHOES UPON GAIT FEATURES IN FOOTWEAR
IMPRESSION
Yao Li
Department of Trace Examination Techology, National Police
University of China, Shen Yang, China
it is indicated that there is much change in plantar pressure
conditions when the same person walks in different kind
of shoes. Accordingly we conclude that gait features in
footwear impressions reflected are different when the same
person wears different kind of shoes, to which we should pay
attention while making an inspection of gait features.
KEYWORDS G A I T F E AT U R E S I N F O O T W E A R
IMPRESSIONS; PLANTAR PRESSURE; INFLUENCE OF
DIFFERENT KIND OF SHOES
O 33-5
INEXPENSIVE PARTICLE IMAGE ANALYSIS FOR
FORENSIC SOIL DISCRIMINATION OF SAND
FRACTION
Ritsuko Sugita, Hiromi Itamiya
Third Department of Forensic Science, National Research
Institute of Police Science, Kashiwa, Japan
Grain size distribution is one of the important properties of
sediments and considered as a useful indicator in forensic soil
discrimination. It gradually changes in soil so that different
soil samples show different features even though they are
prepared with the same size sand fractions by sieving.
Therefore, it is impossible to quantify detailed distribution of
the above indicator even by experienced examiners, except
for comparison of content ratio of a certain fraction to bulk
sample between samples. However, there’re expensive
specialized instruments for particle analysis, which are well
equipped to measure shape factors of each grain, providing
quantified distribution on multiple factors. Although
usefulness of such devices have been emphasized by forensic
scientists, simple and inexpensive methods are also necessary
to prove the objectiveness of observation. In this study, a
free software “ImageJ” was used to analyze shape factors to
provide quantified results as an inexpensive method.
Thin sections of sand samples, whose grain size were
approximately from 0.2 to 1 mm by sieving, were prepared
and photographed with transmitted light by a slide scanner
SCAMERA MIDnano Scope 3 (Newly, Japan). The images
were binarized and analyzed by ImageJ. Grain diameter
was represented by length of “Breadth”, which is defined
as the largest axis perpendicular to the largest axis of a
grain image. It could easily classify samples into several
groups, indicating that this factor may be the most consistent
observation among available factors. Another efficient shape
factor was “Sphericity”, which is defined to be MinR/MaxR
where MinR and MaxR are the radii of the inscribed and the
371
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
Some criminal suspects threw away or destroyed their
shoes which they wore when they committed a crime, and
it is impossible to establish the identity between a footwear
impression on the crime scene and the shoes they wore when
they committed the crime. However one’s habits of walking
motion are unlikely to be changed within a short period of
time; and we can well establish the identity of a criminal
suspect, who left its footwear impression, by use of gait
features in footwear impressions, namely walking habits and
features reflected by the footwear impression, which will
provide a powerful evidence for legal action. Yet there is
a problem which has been puzzling inspectors if there will
be any obvious change in one’s gait features in footwear
impressions between the same person walking barefoot and
wearing different shoes, and if the results of examination will
be obviously affected?
In the article by use of the random sampling method, we
took samples from men being in good health and walking
normally without any injury of joint for each of them to walk
normally on the Footscan, analytic system of plantar pressure
measurement when they were respectively barefoot, wore
the same kind of gym shoes (with air cushions in the heels of
shoes), and wore conventionally leather shoes. More than 1,
500 copies of the plantar pressure data were collected.
It is found that the feature combination of plantar pressure
parameters of the same person while walking barefoot or
wearing the same kind of shoes may be always distributed
to the same category by making a discriminatory analysis
of a great deal of the experimental data above mentioned;
however, the feature combination of plantar pressure
parameters of the same person while wearing different kind
of shoes is distributed to respectively different categories.
That is to say, the plantar pressure feature parameters are
relatively of stability when the same person is walking in the
same kind of shoes, and there are obviously some differences
in the plantar pressure feature parameters when the same
person is walking in different kind of shoes. Furthermore
WFF2014
enclosing circles centered at the center of mass, respectively.
The combination of these two factors provided satisfactory
result relevant to the description by microscopic observation.
In is concluded that the established particle analysis using
ImageJ can be applied to digital imaging of sand grains
without slide scanner such as stereomicroscope and scanning
electron microscope.
KEYWORDS FORENSIC SOIL EXAMINATION; PARTICLE
ANALYSIS; IMAGEJ
O 33-6
INVESTIGATION OF METALLIC GSR AND GSR
NITRITES IN BYSTANDERS UP TO 1 METER SPATIAL
DISTANCE FROM FIRING HANDS
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
Dr. Dimpna Dulay
Chemistry, NBI, Davao City, Philippines
Studies on the analysis of gunshot residues (GSR) in the
hands or clothing of the person who fired a gun, on an
entrance wound of a victim, or on target materials at the scene
have established the presence of major primer elements such
as lead (Pb), barium (Ba), or antimony (Sb). But this study
is focused on mere bystanders to a shooting incident or on
people who have not participated in the shooting incident
whether they will be contaminated with metallic GSR or
GSR nitrites within 1 meter spatial radius. In the analysis,
two methods were used. First, the Atomic Absorption
Spectroscopy (AAS) was applied in determining the presence
of metallic GSR particularly Lead (Pb), Antimony (Sb),
Barium (Ba) in the dorsal aspects of the left and right hands
of the bystanders subjects. Next, the old method of paraffin
testing was employed to verify if there is consistency in the
findings that if Metallic GSR is absent, GSR nitrites are also
absent. Results showed the absence of metallic GSR in the
spatial distance of 1 meter from the firing hands using AAS.
There are also no GSR nitrites found in the paraffin casts
using Diphenylamine tests. Absence of both Metallic GSR
and GSR nitrites would show a high probability that the
person did not fire a gun.
KEYWORDS
372
GSR NITRITES; METALLIC GSR; GSR
ORAL PRESENTATION 34
CYBER FORENSIC / DIGITAL AND MULTIMEDIA
SCIENCE (CF/DMS): CYBER FORENSICS
O 34-1
CLOUDTRACKER: A NOVEL FORENSICS TRACKING
SCHEME FOR ONLINE SOCIAL NETWORKS
APPLICATIONS
Pei-Ying Chang1, Feng-Yu Lin2
1
Forensic Science Center, New Taipei City Police Department,
New Taiepi City, Taiwan; 2Electronic Surveillance Division,
Criminal Investigation Bureau, Taipei City, Taiwan
In recent years, with significant changes in the
communication modes, most users are diverted to cloudbased applications, especially On line Social Networks
(OSNs), which applications are mostly hosted on the outside
and available to criminals, enabling them to impede criminal
investigations and intelligence gathering. In the virtual world,
how the Law Enforcement Agency (LEA) identifies the
“actual” identity of criminal suspects, and their Geolocation
in social networks, is a major challenge to current digital
investigation. In view of this, this paper proposes a scheme,
based on the concepts of IP location and Network Forensics,
which aims to develop forensics tracking on Online Social
Networks. According to our empirical analysis, the proposed
mechanism can instantly trace the “physical location” of a
targeted service resource identifier (SRI), when the target
client is using online Social Network applications (Facebook,
Twitter, etc.), and can analyze the probable target client
“identity” associatively. To the best of our knowledge, this
is the first individualized location method and architecture
developed and evaluated in OSNs.
DIGITAL INVESTIGATION; NETWORK
FORENSICS; ONLINE SOCIAL NETWORKS (OSNS)
KEYWORDS
O 34-2
CLOUD STORAGE APPLICATION- A SECURITY
THREAT
Vinay Singh1, Afreen Tarannum1, Meenakshi Mahajan2 ,
Arun Sharma3
1
Sam Higgin Bottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology
and Sciences, Department of Forensic Science, Allahabad,
India; 2Home, Regional Forensic Scince Laboratory, NR,
Dharamshala, India; 3Home, State Forensic Scince Laboratory,
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
Shimla Hills, Junga, India
In the olden days, storage of data includes the maintenance of
large books & files and preparation of inventory. The advent
of technology has facilitated the storage of important files
and documents on digital storage devices such as hard drives
and flash drives, etc. thereby eliminating cost for availability
and protection. Dropbox is an innovative application in
which user can store the data on cloud storage - a model of
data storage where the digital data is stored in logical pools.
Cloud storage gives a person flexibility of accessing any files
anywhere, without even carrying them physically. Even the
privacy of all important documents, files, pictures, videos etc.
stored on cloud storage is assured to be safeguarded by the
hosting companies. But, the criminals are still able to access
a number of Dropbox accounts. This paper is an attempt
to portray the potential threats to the cloud based storage
application and preventive measures that can be taken to
secure the privacy of data.
KEYWORDS
DROPBOX; CLOUD STORAGE; DIGITAL DATA
O 34-3
INFERRING ACTION INSTANCES WITH LIMITED
INFORMATION
Automated event reconstruction systems normally focus the
detection of known actions based on some prior knowledge.
For example, signatures can be used to describe a causal
relation between a known action and the resulting traces.
However, some knowledge of the occurrence of actions in a
system may possibly be determined if the particular action,
and therefore specific traces, are unknown beforehand. This
inference of unknown actions still uses the causal relation
between an action and its resulting traces, but in a highly
generic way. The inference is based on the given model that
states for any object to exist in a system, some event must
have caused the object to exist. If the object is observed and
the object’s associated meta-data has been updated beyond
the creation time, some action must have updated the object.
Based on these properties, two methods are proposed for
generically determining action instances : location-based
and clustering-based generic action detection. This talk
will discuss challenges and opportunities with the proposed
generic-action approaches.
O 34-4
ROLE OF SOCIAL MEDIA IN IMPROVING POLICEPUBLIC RELATIONSHIP: A HYPOTHESIS
Vinay Singh1, Meenakshi Mahajan2 , Vaibhav Saran1, Afreen
Tarannum1, Arun Sharma3
1
Sam Higgin Bottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology
and Sciences, Department of Forensic Science, Allahabad,
India; 2Home, Regional Forensic Science Laboratory, NR,
Dharamshala, India; 3Home, State Forensic Science Laboratory,
Shimla Hills, Junga, India
Human being the most primitive species on the planet have
always been in groups & hence socializing has been a very
important factor, to communicate with each other. Recently,
with the advancements in the communication technology,
the social media has deep rooted into professional as well as
personnel life of an individual. The social media, supported
by web-based or mobile based technology affords an
opportunity amongst individuals/ communities/organizations
to exchange ideas, share thoughts within a blink of eye. Being
inexpensive & easily accessible, the use of social media is
more and more popular, has high impact and high potential
of individuals’ control. The law enforcement agencies via
social media are finding ways and means to disseminate
to the public. This paper is an sincere effort to review why
the police agencies of major cities like Kerala, in India, has
observed that the communities expect to have an online
presence of these agencies on social platform viz. Twitter,
Face book, YouTube, etc.
KEYWORDS L AW E N F O R C E M E N T A G E N C I E S ;
TECHNOLOGY; SOCIAL MEDIA
O 34-5
CONFRONTING CYBER CRIME IN CYBER CAFE BY
REGULATING ACCESS TO INTERNET
Nadia Khadam1, Zeeshan Pervez2
1
Law, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea (South); 2School of
Computing, University of The West of Scotland, Scotland, United
Kingdom
After the advent of the internet, whole new online world is
created and traditional cafes some turned into cyber cafes
373
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
Joshua James
Graduate School of Forensic Science, Soonchunhyang
University, Asan, Korea (South)
DIGITAL FORENSICS; AUTOMATIC EVENT
RECONSTRUCTION; GENERIC ACTION DETECTION
KEYWORDS
WFF2014
where anyone can come and have the facility of internet for
limited or unlimited period by giving some charges to the
owners of the cyber cafes. Gradually internet use increased,
which resultantly increased the rate of cyber crime. As, world
was not ready for these circumstances, these crimes made
huge loss to the world of different levels. Then regulation of
this crime was started. While combating with cybercrimes
many hurdles are seen regarding the location of the criminal,
later it was solved through IP address. But another challenge
which was faced by the law enforcement agencies was when
any crime was done while using internet from any cyber café.
Because in this situation, person may escape as very rarely
cyber cafes are managed and regulated to keep the data of the
user. Later cyber cafes were regulated like in Pakistan and
India but that is again not beneficial because still the powers
and authorities are with the owners of the cyber cafes. This
paper proposes an infrastructure to regulate the cyber cafes
and access to internet through central authority of the State.
The system proposed the internet access regulatory authority
to work with the help of telecom sector by using SIM cards to
give the permission to the user to access internet at any cyber
café.
KEYWORDS
CYBER CAFE; CYBER CRIME; COMPUTER
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
O 34-6
WINNOWING MULTIHASHING STRUCTURE
PAYLOAD ATTRIBUTION FOR NETWORK
FORENSICS
lots of resource in order to store huge quantity of network
traffics data. The recording the raw network traffic, which
may include users’ emails and accounts, commercial data of
enterprises and confidential material of the government, may
exhibit severe privacy violation problems.
Payload refers to the actual content of a data transmission,
that is, the actual data sent by the packets from the source
to the destination. Payload is the part of the transmitted
data that is the fundamental purpose of the transmission.
Payload attribution is the procedure to identify the source
and destination of all packets occurring in the network
with specific excerpt, which is a vital process in network
forensics. To perform payload attribution, an efficient data
structure is needed to store the collected payloads, as well
as support efficient query processing for identification and
analysis about the stored payloads. We present here an
efficient data structure to store the payload efficiently, and
to support efficient query processing. Based on an existing
payload attribution data structure which uses Bloom Filters,
we propose a novel data structure called Multihashing
Structure with Wildcard Query (WMS+WQ). Our proposed
data structure supports wildcard queries and has higher data
reduction ratios as well as lower false positive rates. The
proposed data structure WMS+WQ is used to implement the
Payload Attribution System (PAS), which is able to identify
source, destination and the emerging times of all packets
containing specific payload segment. The PAS is able to
determine the attackers as well as victims in network security
incidents. The proposed methods can be used for network
forensics analysis in large networks.
Fei Xu, Xiaojun Chen, Yichen Wei, Jinqiao Shi, Xin Wen
National Engineering Laboratory for Information Security
Technologies, Institute of Information Engineering, CAS,
Beijing, China
KEYWORDS N E T W O R K F O R E N S I C ; PAY L O A D
ATTRIBUTION; WINNOWING MULTIHASHING
STRUCTURE
With the rapid development of Internet, today’s network
application systems are used widely. These systems are
affecting every aspect of people’s daily life with the direct
consequence of increasing in cybercrime. Network forensics
techniques by tracing back from the victim to the attacker
based on network traffic data are a well-known technique
today. On the other hand, it is not possible to record all
network traffic in today’s network. By investigating samples
of network traffics, it is possible that some important
evidence may be missing and the real identity of the
attacker could not be identified. Moreover, for a new type of
cybercrime, e.g. a new virus, its signature is not yet identified
and the investigator may need several weeks or even months
of network traffic to support investigation. It also requires
O 34-7
374
A NEW METHOD FOR QUICK DETECTION OF CHILD
PORNOGRAPHIC VIDEOS AT CRIME SCENES
Pedro Eleuterio, Mateus Polastro
Forensics Departament, Brazilian Federal Police, Campo
Grande/ms, Brazil
Nowadays, it is very easy to produce images and videos
in high resolution. However, some people use cameras
and camcorders to produce illegal content related to child
pornography. With the ease of the Internet, people around
the world can share and have access to these illegal files. The
laws of many countries regulate that the possession of child
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
CHILD PORNOGRAPHY DETECTION;
VIDEO FRAME EXTRACTION; DIGITAL CRIME
SCENE ANALYSIS
KEYWORDS
O 34-8
RESEARCH ON THE DECRYPTION METHOD FOR
ARTIFACTS OF MESSENGER APP
Youngdae Koh, Changha Lee, Kyungsu Lee, Hyunsoo Kim
Technical Assistance, GMDsystem Inc., Seoul, Korea (South)
Ubiquitous Internet connectivity of mobile device accelerates
the evolution of computing environment from wired PCbased to wireless mobile Smartphone. The artifacts of
Smartphone apps, especially the message data of messenger
app are already becoming a crucial evidence for various
cases. To protect user’s private data, mobile messenger
vendors began to encrypt the conversation as well as user
information and decrypting these data is getting an essential
field in the digital forensics.
In this paper, we present an overview of reverse engineering
techniques for mobile apps including Android and iOS
and describe the encryption procedures widely used by
the vendors and the decryption methods for the encrypted
messages.
KEYWORDS M E S S A G E E N C RY P T I O N ; M O B I L E
FORENSICS; SMART PHONE
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
pornographic files is a heinous crime. Consequently, forensic
analysis is being increasingly required to prove the existence
of this content. The identification of these file types at crime
scenes can bring great benefits such as immediate arrest of a
pedophile and the correct selection of the digital material to
be seized.
To help the forensic examiners to identify child pornographic
files at crime scenes, the NuDetective Forensic Tool, a
free tool for law-enforcement, was prior developed. It uses
techniques such pixel and shape analysis to automatic detect
human nudity images, searches for suspect filenames that
may contain typical expressions related to child pornography,
and also uses hash values to find known files. Furthermore,
in a previous work, the authors also developed a strategy to
identify videos of child pornography, based on the extraction
of a fixed number of sample frames in each video to be
analyzed.
In this scenario, the authors have studied ways to improve
the Video Analysis feature provided by NuDetective,
creating a new adaptive approach to identify videos of child
pornography automatically, based in frame extraction. With
experiments with 181 videos of child pornography, the
authors empirically calculate the cutoff point of 65.3%, which
indicates the minimum percentage of nudity frames a video
must have to be classified as child pornography. After that,
new experiments were conducted to determine a new formula
to determine the number of frames to be sampled in each
video, based on the NuDetective image nudity algorithm.
The logarithmic function was chosen because it can map the
following assumptions : the number of samples must vary
with the video size/duration; the number of samples cannot
grow in the same proportion of the video size/duration, and;
videos with a high number of frames or too long should not
reflect significantly in the runtime of the NuDetective.
The experiments empirically determine the best values
for the constants in the logarithmic equation, considering
runtime and success rate detection. Thus, a new equation was
proposed : y = roundup (3log10 (x/fps)), where x is the total
number of frames of the video, fps the temporal resolution of
the video, and y the rounded up number of video frames to
be sampled. The proposed new formula achieved detection
rates around 87% and runtime of 1.14 seconds per video
(in average). The new method reduced the runtime in 45%
compared with the previous approach and achieved little
improvement in the detection rates. Precision and recall
values were 85.7% and 87.3%, respectively. An experiment
with a seized hard disk drive was also conducted and
proved that the new approach can be used to identify child
pornographic videos quickly at crime scenes.
375
WFF2014
AAFS SCIENTIFIC SESSION
O 56-1
O 56-2
DELIVERY OF FORENSIC SCIENCES IN NORTH
AMERICA: TWO CONCEPTUAL MODELS
FORENSIC SCIENCE POLICY IN THE UNITED STATES
Victor W. Weedn, MD, JD
George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
AAFS SCIENTIFIC SESSTION
Oct 16 (Thu)
Calls for forensic science reforms culminated in the 2009
National Academy of Sciences (NAS) Report, Strengthening
Forensic Science in the United States: A Path Forward.
The executive and legislative branches of the U.S. federal
government have responded.
The Senate Judiciary Committee has been working on
legislation with the input of the forensic science community
for the past few years and, at the time of this writing, is
anticipated to introduce a bill that would establish a new
Office of Forensic Science (OFS) within the Department of
Justice. A Forensic Science Board (FSB) within the OFS
would oversee a set of forensic science discipline-specific
committees. If passed, this would constitute the first general
regulation of forensic science in the U.S.
Meanwhile, the White House established a Subcommittee
on Forensic Science that oversaw a series of Interagency
Working Groups. After significant delay, the products of
these groups are being published. A National Commission on
Forensic Science was established and first met in February
2014. This body is thought to be a temporary policy study
group. The National Institute of Standards and Technology
(NIST), which is in the U.S. Department of Commerce, has
proposed an Organization of Scientific Area Committees
(OSAC) to replace most Scientific Working Groups, which
had previously been funded by the Federal Bureau of
Investigation but no longer are. A Forensic Science Standards
Board (FSSB) will oversee Scientific Area Committees
(SACs) that will in turn oversee sets of subcommittees.
NIST intends that the OSAC Code of Practice will be
established and be accepted by national consensus standards.
However, NIST hopes to hand off the OSAC to a professional
association in three to five years so it would truly be a
creature of the forensic science community, but funding in
the out years appears to be problematic. Regardless, it is clear
there is great motion and change afoot in forensic science
policy in the U.S.
FORENSIC SCIENCE REFORMS; OFFICE OF
FORENSIC SCIENCE; FORENSIC SCIENCE BOARD
KEYWORDS
376
Douglas Lucas, MSc, DSc1, Barry Fisher, MS, MBA; IAFS
Past Presidents2
1
Burlington, Ontario, Canada; 2Indio, CA, United States
In 2009, The National Academy of Sciences (NAS) in the
United States issued a report about the state of the forensic
sciences in the United States following a wide-ranging, threeyear study by a specially appointed committee.1 One of the
issues studied was “The Structure and Operation of Forensic
Science Laboratories” for which they found “great disparities
among existing operations,” “extreme disaggregation,”
“the fragmented nature of the forensic science community,”
and the need to “minimize the current fragmentation and
inconsistent practices” and to “upgrade the systems and
organizational structures.” One of the NAS recommendations
was “…removing all public laboratories and facilities from
the administrative control of law enforcement agencies or
prosecutors’ offices.”
Following a meeting convened by the Laurel and John
Arnold Foundation of Houston, Texas, to discuss projects
that a private foundation might sponsor to attempt to make
“transformative change” in the forensic sciences in the United
States, one of the proposals was the conceptualization of
an “ideal” forensic science delivery system that would be
capable of providing uniformly high-quality services in all
the required forensic disciplines to all appropriate clients in a
specific jurisdiction and at a realistic cost.1 A small group of
highly experienced forensic scientists have attempted to do
this with only limited success—“limited” in part because of
lack of consensus on whether a law enforcement agency is the
appropriate place for such a system to reside.
This session will consist of two presentations which will
discuss some of the issues considered. One will present
the arguments in support of a law enforcement agency
as the proper residence and the other will propose some
alternatives.
Reference:
1Laura and John Arnold Foundation. www.arnoldfoundation.
org
KEYWORDS NAS REPORT; FORENSIC SCIENCE; LAW
ENFORCEMENT AGENCY
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
O 56-3
THE FUTURE RELATIONSHIP OF LAW AND
FORENSIC SCIENCE: A COLLABORATIVE MODEL
Carol Henderson, JD
Stetson University, Gulfport, FL, United States
KEYWORDS LAW; FORENSIC SCIENCE; KNOWLEDGE
DELIVERY
O 56-4
ERROR REPORTING: REPLACING BLAME WITH
SOLUTIONS
Steven D. Benjamin, JD, Betty Layne DesPortes, JD, MS
Benjamin & DesPortes, PC, Richmond, VA, United States
This presentation will discuss the goals and types of errorreporting systems that can be used in forensic science
laboratories. Discussion will focus on whether the “culture
of safety” dynamic supporting such error-reporting systems
in other fields can be transformed into a “culture of science”
dynamic to support error reporting systems in the forensic
science community. The obstacles to using the nonpunitive
systems (which provide anonymity for reporters) in which
results are introduced in legal proceedings will also be
discussed.
The forensic science community is united in its commitment
to perform good science and to get correct results. We accept
that error occurs; all humans make mistakes. However,
we strive to remove error from our procedures to improve
forensic science services because accurate results are needed.
In many other professional fields, the trend has been toward
nonfault or nonpunitive error reporting to maximize data
collection on errors. These fields include aviation, air traffic
control, and various medical services. The stated goal in those
fields has been to promote a “culture of safety” that seeks
to increase reporting to prevent recurrences of errors and
to generate information that could expose greater dangers.
These systems shield reporters from any adverse or punitive
consequences for reporting the mistakes and for making the
mistakes. The systems apply to unintentional errors only;
intentional errors can still lead to adverse consequences.
Safety advocates have long touted the benefits of nonpunitive
systems to increase information that will lead to systematic
improvements in procedures and the overall quality of
services.
With the provision of forensic science services, maximizing
the information about errors would seem to be a worthwhile
377
AAFS SCIENTIFIC SESSTION
Oct 16 (Thu)
The relationship between law and science was aptly
described by Harvard professor Sheila Jasanoff as both
an essential alliance and a reluctant embrace. Much has
changed in forensic science and law and their relationship
since she published that statement in Science at the Bar in
1995. There has been a long-standing adversarial relationship
between forensic science and the law. This presentation will
discuss why a collaborative model is advantageous to both
disciplines and the justice system.
In the United States, there has been some movement toward
a more collaborative model between the science, technology,
and law disciplines as evidenced by the work of the American
Bar Association’s Section of Science & Technology Law, the
American Academy of Forensic Sciences, the White House
Office of Science and Technology Subcommittee on Forensic
Science, the National Commission on Forensic Sciences,
the National Institute of Standards and Technology’s (NIST)
Organization of Scientific Area Committees, and other
governmental and professional associations. There is also
much movement in this area by international associations and
governmental agencies worldwide. While all these efforts
are moving forward, we cannot ignore the fact that we are
all facing dwindling resources and pleas for more practical
solutions to ongoing problems.
The nexus of science and technology is shifting where
innovation and invention take place. Law has a role in this
interplay. For example, while great advances have been
made in the science of digital evidence, the admissibility
of the many forms of such evidence is still being debated.
The role of the law may come into play when there is a new
application of well-known techniques, such as the expertise
of forensic scientists being sought by those who are not the
usual consumers of such services. An example can be seen in
today’s art community, which increasingly looks to science to
solve questions of authenticity and provenance.
There is a continuing need for greater communication,
interdisciplinary training, and collaborative research between
the legal and scientific disciplines. A greater effort to share
knowledge and deliver accurate information quickly and
efficiently to both communities must be made. Our collective
knowledge must be organized in ways that are useful to
practical and theoretical scholars and which allow access to
many. Innovation is required; creativity needs to be combined
with analytical rigor to move our fields forward in the
laboratory as well as the courtroom to ensure justice. Industry
must also be involved. We are certain to have continuing
challenges in the fields of science and law, but these
challenges can be more readily overcome by a collaborative,
not adversarial, approach.
WFF2014
endeavor. However, is implementing nonpunitive reporting
systems the right step for forensic science facilities and can
a nonpunitive reporting system work in forensic science
laboratories?
KEYWORDS E R R O R R E P O R T I N G S Y S T E M S ;
NONPUNITIVE SYSTEM; CULTURE OF SAFETY
O 56-5
AN ATTORNEY’S VIEW OF BITEMARK
ADMISSIBILITY IN UNITED STATES COURTS
AAFS SCIENTIFIC SESSTION
Oct 16 (Thu)
Stuart A. Caplan, DDS1, Howard Kaufman, MD2
1
University of Tennessee School of Dentistry, Memphis, TN,
United States; 2Boca Raton, FL, United States
Admissibility of bitemark (BM) evidence requires an
understanding of the rules of evidence.
In the United States, issues of fact are determined in federal
district courts by judges and in lower courts by juries or
judges. Admissibility of scientific evidence about facts
is governed by the Federal Rules of Evidence and by the
Supreme Court case of Daubert and its progeny. Most states
follow federal law.
Trial courts allow testimony of scientific experts to explicate
scientific issues. Such experts are presumed to have unique
understanding of scientific facts; therefore, not only can they
testify to such facts but also express their opinion on issues
such facts raise. However, cases are based on disagreement
between experts for each side.
Reasons for such disagreements vary. The experts may
interpret or question facts differently, have unconscious
personal biases, construct interpretations to suit the lawyers
that employ them, or the issue may not be settled.
The question is how judges and juries can resolve such
disagreements. The initial problem is what evidence to allow
into the discussion. In the Supreme Court case of Daubert
(1993), the Court established the current standard for expert
evidence to be admitted. It must be “relevant” and it must be
“reliable,” that is, based on “scientific knowledge.” Rule 702,
amended after these cases, now provides that testimony must
be helpful and must: (1) be based on sufficient facts or data;
(2) be the product of reliable principles and methods; and, (3)
apply the principles and methods to the facts.
Judges are the “gatekeepers” who determine who is an expert,
that to which they can testify, and what testimony is relevant
and accurate. The problem is that, in general, judges do not
have scientific training.
Judges are permitted to obtain their own experts; however,
378
this essentially means this expert, rather than the judge,
acts as the gatekeeper, and this is not appropriate. Many
innovations have been proposed. Judges could be trained in
science. Such judges could be dispersed among courts to hear
cases with scientific issues, or special “science courts” could
be established for cases with scientific issues. Courts could
compile a list of experts for parties to use. Penalties could
be imposed for improper testimony. Already, experts are
being expelled from professional organizations for improper
testimony which compromises their credibility, although they
have sued for reinstatement.
BM evidence is problematic since skin can be deformed or
even torn during the bite and secondary changes such as
inflammation and fibrosis may distort the marks. However,
BM evidence can, at times, be reliable. BM evidence
consistently revealed the unique tooth arrangement of
Ted Bundy and confirmed his identification. Arch width
measurement may indicate whether the biter was an adult or
a child.
It is necessary to establish protocols for gathering and
analyzing BM evidence and the circumstances in which BM
evidence will satisfy the standards for admissibility.
BITEMARK EVIDENCE; DAUBERT; EXPERT
EVIDENCE
KEYWORDS
O 56-6
THE NAS REPORT: A PATH FORWARD FOR
STRENGTHENING FORENSIC SCIENCE IN THE
WORLD?
Duarte N. Vieira, PhD, MD
Full Professor of Forensic Medicine and Forensic Sciences University of Coimbra; President of the European Council of
Legal Medicine; Chairman of the Scientific Advisory Board of
the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court Coimbra,
Portugal
Nobody today doubts the enormous potential of forensic
sciences and its fundamental importance for the proper
administration of justice. Nobody will contest that however
good the laws, the courts or the quality of the magistrates
of a country, justice can only reach levels of excellence if it
can count on forensic services that provide a highly qualified
scientific support in judicial decisions.
The report of the USA National Academy of Sciences,
published in 2009 and entitled "Strengthening Forensic
Science in the United States: A Path Forward", has provided
valuable insights and enumerate a set of recommendations
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
which could serve for a substantial forensic development and
improvement in this country. Although aimed at the American
reality many of the points made in this report, as well as
most of its recommendations, have a universal application.
Many of them are fully applicable in other geographic
areas, even in all continents. However, and interestingly, the
NAS report still remains in ignorance of many of forensic
practitioners from around the world and even by many of the
main responsible for public forensic expert services of many
countries.
It is undisputed that very significant steps have been taken in
many regions of the world to promote the improvement of
the quality of the forensic expert services. But it is equally
indisputable that much, but even much, remains to be done.
The world is a mosaic of different realities, with enormous
differences at several levels: economic, social, cultural,
political, legal, geographical, etc. Different realities that also
occur at the level of medico-legal and forensic systems and
organizations in many countries, and sometimes even inside
the same country.
This presentation addresses the need to envisage the adoption
of various recommendations of the NAS Report at a global
scale and how it can contribute to a real improvement in the
application of justice at a worldwide level.
KEYWORDS NAS REPORT; FORENSIC SYSTEMS;
FORENSIC STRENGTHENING
EVALUATING A BOSNIAN WAR CRIMINAL FOR THE
WORLD COURT IN THE HAGUE
Daniel A. Martell, PhD
Park Dietz & Associates, Newport Beach, CA, United States
This presentation sets forth a first-hand account of an
assignment from the United Nations’ International Court
of Justice in The Hague to evaluate the competency of a
Bosnian war criminal to participate in an appeal of his case.
The history and role of the International Criminal Tribunal
for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) in this context will also be
described.
An orientation to the 1995 “ethnic cleansing” and genocide
in the town of Srebrenica in Bosnia and Herzegovina will
be provided. This mass murder involved the killing of more
than 8,000 Bosnian Muslim men and boys by members of
the Army of the Serbian Republic and the mass expulsion
of another 25,000–30,000 Bosnian Muslim civilians. In
addition, according to the ICTY indictment, victims endured
KEYWORDS THE HAGUE; BOSNIAN WAR CRIMINAL;
COMPETENCY EVALUATION
O 56-8
CRIME SCENE RECONSTRUCTION
Henry C. Lee, PhD
Forensic Research & Training Center, West Haven, CT, United
379
AAFS SCIENTIFIC SESSTION
Oct 16 (Thu)
O 56-7
unlawful confinement, murder, rape, sexual assault, torture,
beating, robbery, and inhumane treatment; the targeting of
political leaders, intellectuals, and professionals; the unlawful
deportation and transfer of civilians; the unlawful shelling of
civilians; the unlawful appropriation and plunder of real and
personal property; the destruction of homes and businesses;
and the destruction of places of worship.
The procedural history of the instant case will be discussed,
with a focus on the international criminal-legal mental
health standards for competency to pursue appeals in this
context. In addition, the issues leading to the referral for a
forensic neuropsychological examination in the case will
be discussed. This will include a review of the relevant a
priori medical and forensic psychiatric findings in the case
and the issues that arose therefrom, driving the need for this
assignment.
The logistics of arranging travel, accommodations, security,
the examination location, and coordination with international
attorneys and United Nations (UN) representatives will be
presented, including what happens when one’s luggage gets
lost in Serbia. Insights with regard to maintaining objectivity
and professional neutrality in such emotionally charged
circumstances will also be shared.
Specific challenges encountered during the assignment will
be explored, including: (1) cross-cultural issues in conducting
the forensic neuropsychological examination; (2) addressing
reliability and validity concerns through selection of culturefree test instruments and measures; (3) issues of literal
language translation; and, (4) interdisciplinary consultation
with experts from other countries.
Findings from the examination will then be summarized. This
will include personal observations and a phenomenological
account of the examination itself, as well as a discussion
of how the results from the neuropsychological test battery
were directly related to the issues of trial competency
before the Court. Finally, the process of report writing and
communication of findings to the Appeals Chamber of the
International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia
will be discussed, together with the Appeals Chamber’s
decision and the outcome of the case.
WFF2014
AAFS SCIENTIFIC SESSTION
Oct 16 (Thu)
States
Contemporary law enforcement has greatly expanded its
ability to solve crimes by the adoption of new surveillance
techniques and forensic procedures. Today’s crimes are
most often solved by analysis of image recordings, digital
evidence, and forensic evidence. The work of forensic
scientists is not only crucial in criminal investigation, but
also vital for civil litigation, major man-made or natural
disasters, and the investigation of global crime. However, the
success of analysis of forensic evidence is based on a system
that focuses on teamwork, advanced investigative skills, and
the ability to process a crime scene properly, recognizing,
collecting, and preserving all relevant physical evidence and
information.
Crime scene investigation is much more than just processing
or documentation of crime scenes, nor is it just the collection
or packaging of the physical evidence. It is the first and most
crucial step of any forensic investigation. The foundation
of all forensic investigations is based on the ability of the
crime scene investigator or forensic scientist to recognize
the potential physical evidence, large or small, visible or
latent, exculpatory or inculpatory, at the crime scene. The
subsequent identification of the physical evidence along with
determination of the possible source or origin of the evidence,
that is, its individualization, are the next steps in the forensic
investigatory process. Proper crime scene investigation is
the starting point for the process of establishing what has
happened, when and where it happened, who is involved
and why, and how it occurred. Of course, careful processing,
documentation, and collection of physical evidence are
integral parts of the “investigation process” and crime scene
reconstruction.
If the potential physical evidence was not recognized,
collected, or properly preserved, the forensic value of this
piece of evidence is lost. Despite available current crime
scene technologies, specialized equipment, and personnel,
the integrity of the forensic services system and the effective
utilization of physical evidence in crime solving are only
as good as the integrity of the crime scene investigator and
the objective legal system that supports those functions.
Routine and high-profile cases will be used to demonstrate
the methods and techniques in crime scene reconstruction.
KEYWORDS C R I M E S C E N E R E C O N S T R U C T I O N ;
FORENSIC PROCEDURES; FORENSIC
INVESTIGATION
380
O 56-9
THE EXAMINATION OF BIOLOGICAL FORENSIC
EVIDENCE ON EXHIBITS AND THE SCIENTIFIC
METHOD
Jane Moira Taupin, MA
Forensic Consultant, Melbourne, Australia
This presentation will describe how physical evidence
on exhibits associated with a criminal case involves the
analysis and consideration of multiple factors. Attendees
will understand that the evaluation of body fluid stains and
biological trace matter is more than DNA analysis. The
attendee will understand that an examination of an exhibit
is not a “screening” process but one that depends on the
scientific method.
The introduction of sensitive DNA profiling techniques has
meant that DNA profiles can be obtained from items where
there is no visible staining and no biological matter can be
associated with the DNA. The proposition of direct or indirect
transfer of the DNA may be problematic. Information may
be lost when the context is lost because items are simply
swabbed or scraped to collect the trace debris. Rigorous
sampling decisions ensure that any subsequent testing is
relevant and useful. At this point of examination, many
important decisions are made that may have an impact on any
later analyses or conclusions. The examination of an exhibit
should proceed through multiple hypotheses and alternative
explanations.
Different agencies may be involved at each stage of the
analysis and there is a potential for fragmentation of the
results. The problems inherent in a cohesive narrative of
scientific results will be discussed.
KEYWORDS BIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE; EXHIBITS;
SCIENTIFIC METHOD
O 56-10
LIKELIHOOD RATIOS IN SUB-OPTIMAL DNA
PROFILES
Jane Moira Taupin, MA
Forensic Consultant, Melbourne, Australia
This goal of this presentation is to provoke discussion on
the necessary caveats and measures required when using the
likelihood ratio as weight of evidence in sub-optimal DNA
profiles. It will present a perspective on the likelihood ratio as
viewed recently in criminal cases and in literature.
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
The discovery that merely touching an object may result
in a DNA profile has revolutionized the way investigations
are conducted and interpreted when considering biological
evidence in criminal cases. This discovery has also led to
a desire to obtain information from ever-smaller amounts
of sample and to attempt to determine a contributor profile
from an unresolved DNA mixture from two or more people.
Statistical analyses using the likelihood ratio, a measure of
the weight of the evidence, have recently been implemented
in the court system in Australia. Very large likelihood ratios,
in the order of billions, have been presented as evidence for
low level and/or unresolved mixture DNA profiles.
A likelihood ratio may have different meanings and very
different values in different contexts. The hypotheses
proposed in likelihood ratios for mixture profiles evaluate
scenarios as to whether or not the person of interest is a
contributor. This is a different concept from weight of
evidence obtained from single-source, optimal DNA profiles
where source probability is the aim. Problems and potential
solutions will be discussed.
KEYWORDS FORENSIC DNA PROFILES; LIKELIHOOD
RATIO; SUB-OPTIMAL DNA
O 56-11
COLD SEASON FORENSIC ENTOMOLOGY AND
BACTERIOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL MODEL ON
ROMANIAN URBAN TERRITORY
Although forensic entomology is not used as a valid method
for postmortem interval establishment in Romania, this study
attempted to acquire area-specific data on the dynamics of
insect species in this country, using a forensic experimental
model. Moreover, forensic microbiology, representing a
relatively novel discipline worldwide, gathered very scarce
information on bacterial dynamics during the decomposition
process. Therefore, the succession pattern of bacterial
communities from the carcass tissues was investigated,
providing novel insight for future development of a
complementary tool in criminal investigations.
In this context, the study strove to acquire pioneering forensic
data for the Romanian specific range by identifying the
succession of necrophagous insect species, combined with
complementary data on the microbial diversity dynamics
KEYWORDS FORENSICS; COLD SEASON; INSECTS;
BACTERIA; ROMANIA
381
AAFS SCIENTIFIC SESSTION
Oct 16 (Thu)
Lavinia Iancu, MS1, Cristina Purcarea, PhD2
1
Grigore Antipa National Museum of Natural History, Romania;
2
Institute of Biology of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest,
Romania
within animal carcasses, in order to define entomological and
microbial targets in the decomposition process.
The study focused on the characterization of necrophagous
insect species’ chronological succession, and their stages of
development, on pig carcasses exposed in an urban natural
environment (Bucharest, Romania), and the composition of
the bacterial communities inhabiting the carcasses colon and
mouth cavities, in correlation with climate condition and
decomposition stages. The forensic experiment, carried out
in triplicate, was monitored for up to seven months during
the cold and the beginning of the warm period (November
2012–May 2013), with all meteorological parameters being
continuously recorded. The baits were placed on the ground
and protected from vertebrate scavengers.
The visiting necrophagous insect species were collected,
including both adults and immature stages, and
taxonomically identified. Tissue samples were harvested
weekly from internal (4–8cm) and external sections of
pigs’ colons and mouths. Total bacteria genomic DNA
was extracted from each sample and bacterial 16S-rDNA
fragments were amplified by Polymerase Chain Reaction
(PCR). Bacteria diversity was investigated by Denaturing
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis and
sequencing of electrophoresis gel extracted DNA fragments.
The results showed an accelerated activity of necrophagous
insect species in the warm period. The insect diversity
was high, and the appearances time-course of new species
and their development stages correlated with carcass
decomposition stages and meteorological parameters.
Bacterial 16S-rDNA DGGE analysis indicated the presence
of a high Operational Taxonomic Units (OTU) number, with
a higher diversity in the mouth than in the colon cavity, and
different time appearance of various phyla. During the cold
period, the number and representation of bacterial species
was constant in both cavities. After a ten-week exposure,
new bacteria species appeared in the colon cavity, while in
the mouth cavity this diversity occurred after six weeks, a
phenomenon associated with temperature increase.
The novelty of this study consists of: (1) identifying areaspecific necrophagous insect succession for forensic
investigations on Romanian territory; (2) determining baitembedded bacteria diversity in a decomposing carcass
during a cold period; and, (3) the first complementary data of
bacteria and necrophagous insects dynamics for postmortem
interval identification.
WFF2014
O 56-12
AN UNUSUAL CASE OF COMMOTIO CORDIS
RESULTING FROM A SIDE-IMPACT AIRBAG
DEPLOYMENT
AAFS SCIENTIFIC SESSTION
Oct 16 (Thu)
Paul Cahn, MD, MS1, Michael D. Freeman, MD, PhD, MPH2
1
Forensic Research & Analysis, Portland, OR, United States;
2
Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Oregon Health & Science
University, Portland, OR, United States; and Aarhus University,
Aarhus N, Denmark
The goal of this presentation is to describe an unusual
mechanism of a cardiac arrest associated with a relatively
low-speed, side-impact collision resulting in an unintended
side-impact airbag deployment.
This presentation will impact the forensic science community
by demonstrating the investigation of a cardiac arrest
following an airbag deployment using the principles of
counterfactual causation, an important tool for investigating
causation in forensic medicine, in which the collective
probability of alternative causal explanations is quantified
and compared to the probability of a primary causal
explanation.
This discussion concerns a 2007 single-vehicle traffic crash
involving a previously healthy 19-year-old Caucasian male
who was the restrained driver of a mid-1990s model SUV
traveling on a freeway in the far left lane, nearest the median
barrier. For an unknown reason, the vehicle exited the left
lane and struck the median barrier at a relatively low speed
(<15km/h), resulting in the deployment of the driver’s sideimpact airbag.
An emergency services vehicle coincidentally passed the
stopped vehicle within five minutes of the collision and
the driver was observed slumped over the steering wheel.
The victim was pulseless by the time he was reached by
the Emergency Medical Services (EMS) personnel. The
victim was defibrillated and his heart was restarted, but
he was subsequently found to have suffered a permanent
anoxic brain injury. The injury was later explained by the
presumption that the victim had suffered from a commotio
cordis as a result of the airbag impact. Commotio cordis is a
phenomenon in which the heart arrests following an impact
over the cardiac silhouette that coincides with the ascending
phase of the T wave, which comprises only about 1%-3%
of the total cardiac cycle. The mortality rate of the condition
is very high, currently around 65%. The condition is seen
most commonly in young male athletes. The kinetic energy
required to cause the injury is thought to be approximately 50
joules or more, or approximately the amount of energy in a
2kg object dropped 2.5 meters.
382
An engineering analysis of the collision event indicated that
the airbag deployment was unintentional given the collision
circumstances, and that the deployment was likely due to a
design defect. In a subsequent legal action, the defending
manufacturer asserted, via expert opinion, that the cause of
the cardiac arrest was not a commotio cordis because: (1) the
chest impact from the airbag was too distal or lateral to the
victim’s precordium to have impacted the heart; and, (2) the
most likely cause of the cardiac arrest was an undiagnosed
viral myocarditis that coincided with the airbag deployment.
A forensic epidemiologic and biomechanical analysis was
undertaken to evaluate the strength of the opposing claims.
The first question was whether there was a biomechanically
plausible explanation of how the impact to the left side of
the victim’s chest could have resulted in an impact to the
heart. A plausible explanation was found in the fact that the
victim had a severe pectus excavatum deformity, which both
shifted the heart to the left and thus closer to the impact and
also brought the sternum into closer proximity with the heart.
More importantly, the severe concavity of the chest would
tend to redirect a left-to-right force applied to the lateral chest
into an anterior-to-posterior force at the sternum.
A counterfactual approach was used to assess the probability
that the airbag impact was the cause of the cardiac arrest. The
counterfactual approach to causal assessments examines the
“but-for” perspective; that is, but-for the hazard, how likely is
it that the injury would have occurred at the time that it did?
This method is useful when precise quantification of the risk
of a hazard is not practical, but it can be determined that the
alternative risks are either very large or very small relative
to the probable range of the hazard risk. For the subject case,
it was impossible to say how likely it is that a commotio
cordis would result from a side-impact airbag deployment
in an adult male with pectus excavatum, but the alternative
hypothesis, that the victim was suffering from an occult case
of myocarditis which in turn caused a cardiac arrest that
occurred during the same five-minute window as the airbag
deployment, could be more precisely quantified.
In order to estimate this risk, first the annual incidence of
myocarditis in males 15-24 years of age using U.S. hospital
discharge data was estimated. Data from the Nationwide
Inpatient Sample (NIS) of the Healthcare Utilization Project
of the U.S. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
were accessed for the years 2006-2008. The NIS is a unique
database of hospital inpatient stays that contains data from
approximately eight million hospital stays each year, or
around a 20% sample of all hospital discharges in >40 states.
All cases identified by ICD-9 codes for myocarditis and
cardiac arrest were pulled and compared to the U.S.
population of the same age and gender (based on U.S. Census
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
Bureau estimates) in order to arrive at annual incidence rates.
The results of the analysis were as follows: The annual
rate of myocarditis per year in the male 15-24-years-of-age
population was 1 in 29,388, and the incidence of cardiac
arrest given a diagnosis of myocarditis was 1 in 4,007,750.
From the annual rate, the five-minute risk of cardiac arrest
associated with myocarditis was calculated to be 1 in 439
billion, respectively. During the same years of the NIS, it was
also determined that there were no cardiac arrests in the same
population of patients like the victim; i.e., with no known
comorbidities. Thus, the myocarditis-related cardiac arrest
theory was the only alternative theory investigated.
A rough estimate of the risk of cardiac arrest due to airbag
deployment, based on data from the National Highway
Traffic Safety Administration Special Crash Investigation
reports, indicated that over the prior 25 years, there has been
at least 1 cardiac arrest per 800,000 airbag deployments.
A comparison between the two risks favors the known
airbag trauma as the cause of the cardiac arrest over
the hypothesized myocarditis-related cardiac arrest by
approximately 550,000 times. This enormous disparity
allowed for the conclusion that the airbag trauma was the
most probable cause of the cardiac arrest, via the explanatory
mechanism of commotio cordis.
KEYWORDS C O M M O T I O C O R D I S ; A I R B A G ;
C O U N T E R FA C T U A L C A U S AT I O N ; F O R E N S I C
BIOMECHANICS; FORENSIC EPIDEMIOLOGY
related attacks, a study was conducted using English pint
glasses, in particular “Nonic” glasses and “Tulip” glasses.
Slapping attacks, where a glass is held in the hand and
slapped onto the victim, are dynamic attacks and in order to
determine the level of force that can be generated, a novel
force plate dynamometer was used to record the peak forces
generated by a number of assailants. Additionally, highspeed video was used to record the way in which the glasses
fractured and any shards from the glasses penetrated a
synthetic skin simulant.
Tests were made using both a flat plate and a mannequin’s
head. A silicone rubber skin simulant was used to allow
the damage created by shards to be assessed. Annealed and
tempered glassware was tested and the glass fracture patterns
and types of shards that were generated were compared in
terms of the damage that was obtained. The average force
generated during a slapping attack was found to be ~1,000N.
This is a significant force; therefore, it would be expected that
the injuries would be a combination of blunt force injuries
and sharp force injuries from the glass fragments that result
on impact.
The results of the engineering experiments are presented in
terms of observed forces and damage patterns and compared
to those found in a pathology context in order to gain an
improved insight into the way in which injuries arise in
assaults using glass as an impulsive weapon.
KEYWORDS G L A S S V E S S E L S ; S TA B B I N G A N D
SLASHING ATTACKS; ALCOHOL HARM
INJURIES ARISING FROM GLASS DRINKING
VESSELS USED IN STABBING AND SLASHING
ATTACKS
S.V. Hainsworth, PhD, R. Pitchford, R.W. Earp, S.J.
Hamilton, G.N. Rutty, MD
University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
Recent reports in the United Kingdom estimate the annual
cost to the National Healthcare System (NHS) as a result of
alcohol harm at £2.7bn. Glassware is used as an impulsive
weapon in 4% of violent incidents in the United Kingdom.
The injuries that occur can be significant, leading to serious
injury and death, and usually fall into categories of either
stabbing or slashing. Injuries can also have a component
of blunt force trauma, depending on the way in which the
weapon is used.
In order to better understand the injury potential of different
types of glassware and measure the forces involved in glass-
O 56-14
FINGERNAIL BIOMETRIC IDENTIFICATION
Henry C. Lee, PhD
Forensic Research & Training Center, West Haven, CT, United
States
Biometrics or biometric authentication is the technology
devoted to identification of individuals using biological traits
or characteristics. Biometric characteristics can be either
physiological or behavioral. Physiological characteristics
include fingerprints, DNA, blood types, iris patterns, retina
patterns, hand geometry, palm prints, vein geometry, face
recognition, ear shape, and body odor/scent, among others.
Behavioral characteristics include signature dynamics, hair,
footprint, typing rhythm, gait, and voice.
Fingernails as forensic evidence have not been adopted as a
biometric trait in any current biometric system. A system of
fingernail biometrics for human identification is proposed.
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Oct 16 (Thu)
O 56-13
AAFS SCIENTIFIC SESSTION
Oct 16 (Thu)
WFF2014
Fingernails have excellent properties suitable as factors
for biometrics. They are usually classified based on ridge
patterns. Vertical nail ridges are seen rather commonly and
usually are not signs of serious illness. These ridges generally
extend from the base of fingernail to the tip in an orderly,
regular fashion and tend to become more prominent with
age. Horizontal nail ridges run from one side of the nail
lengthwise across to the other side. Horizontal nail ridges
may indicate the presence of an underlying illness or medical
condition, although this is not always the case. One special
type of horizontal nail ridge that may indicate underlying
illness is called Beau’s lines.
Fingernails are found at crime scenes and on victims,
suspects, witnesses, and evidence. Unlike tissue or blood,
fingernails do not easily decompose but are easy to store and
transport without contamination.
Collection of fingernails is painless, harmless, and
convenient. Fingernails can also be found on badly
decomposed bodies and body parts, especially in catastrophic
incidents. Not only mitochondrial DNA but also nuclear DNA
has been successfully analyzed from fingernail fragments.
Fingernail patterns and physical features were extracted
by image processing. Features of size, length, and width of
fingernails; DNA profiles; vertical nail ridges; horizontal nail
ridges; special features, inclusions, and color of fingernails
were measured and combined as a template representative
of the fingernail pattern, which can be used for matching to
the template database. The use of fingernails may present
a human identification system that can consider multiple
modalities integrated into a biometrics system.
KEYWORDS BIOMETRICS; FINGERNAIL; EVIDENCE
COLLECTION
associated morphological data. Third, anthropologists are
more familiar with cranial metrics than with traits or metrics
from the mandible. Therefore, there is a need to develop
reliable formulas for deriving population affinity based on
mandibular metric and morphological data. This presentation
examines the ability to classify individuals using metric and
morphological data taken from the mandible, particularly
examining the questions of population diversity in Asia.
This study concentrates on individuals from multiple
populations in Southeast and Northeast Asia, including
Cambodians, Vietnamese, Thais, Koreans, and Chinese.
Out groups used for comparison purposes will contain U.S.
Whites and Blacks. The total sample size is in excess of
1,000 individuals; all individuals are assumed to have late
19th- to 20th-century birth years. Eleven measurements were
collected for each mandible in the study; eight standard and
three relatively new.1 Six mandibular morphological traits
also were used in the analyses.
Step-wise Linear Discriminant Function (LDF) analyses
using the Mahalanobis D2 distance statistic were undertaken.
LDF analysis examined not only closely related groups
(e.g., Vietnamese and Thais) but also took multiple, further
geographically separated groups into consideration (e.g.,
Vietnamese and Koreans). Performance of the models
suggests that while both metric and morphological data can
separate the groups effectively, a combined approach using
both sets of data simultaneously in the same LDF is a superior
approach. Comparisons using out groups also demonstrated
excellent accuracy rates. Taken together, this research shows
that mandibular metrics and morphology can be used to
classify unknown human remains when the biological affinity
of the specimen is unknown, and these data are a valuable
tool for the forensic anthropologist.
DISCRIMINANT FUNCTION ANALYSIS AS APPLIED
TO MANDIBULAR METRICS AND MORPHOLOGY TO
ASSESS POPULATION AFFINITY IN ASIA
Reference:
Berg, Gregory E. 2008 Biological Affinity and Sex
Determination Using Morphometric and Morphoscopic
Variables from the Human Mandible. Dissertation,
University of Tennessee, Knoxville.
Gregory E. Berg, PhD, Jennie R.R. Jin, PhD
JPAC-CIL, Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam, HI, United States
MANDIBULAR METRICS;
ANTHROPOLOGY; POPULATION AFFINITY
O 56-15
Anthropologists tend not to rely heavily on mandibular
metric or morphological data to determine biological or
population affinity for several reasons. First, the most
widely available comparison groups are usually limited to
Western populations, e.g. U.S. Whites and Blacks. Second,
when other populations are available for comparison, the
sample sizes are relatively small and typically don’t have
384
KEYWORDS
O 56-16
ALTERED AGE ESTIMATIONS IN POPULATIONS
WITH PRIMARY IGF1-D
Joan Fox, DDS
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
Phoenix, AZ, United States
KEYWORDS GROWTH FACTOR 1 (IGF1-D); GROWTH
HORMONE; INSULIN DEFICIENCY
O 56-17
APPLICATION OF STABLE ISOTOPE FORENSICS
FOR DETERMINING GEOGRAPHIC ORIGIN OF
UNKNOWN HUMAN REMAINS FROM ASIA
Gregory Berg, PhD1, Eric J. Bartelink, PhD2 , Lee Suhwan,
MA3
1
JPAC-CIL, Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam, HI, United States;
2
California State University, Chico, Chico, CA, United States;
3
Ministry of National Defense Agency for KIA Recovery and
Identification, Seoul, South Korea
The application of stable isotope analysis has provided novel
KEYWORDS
STABLE ISOTOPE FORENSICS; HUMAN
385
AAFS SCIENTIFIC SESSTION
Oct 16 (Thu)
It has been observed among early-adolescent children who
were short in stature that a deficiency in Insulin-like Growth
Factor 1 (IGF1-D) is an uncommon etiology. Normally, the
levels of IGF1 fluctuate throughout life, peaking at the onset
of puberty and decreasing thereafter. It should coincide with
levels of growth hormone. Subnormal linear growth is the
primary clinical display of IGF1-D when compared with an
age-similar population.
From a dental perspective, children may be screened for
developmental disorders by using dental radiographs and
clinical examination of the oral cavity as well as evaluating
growth charts and medical history. It is conceivable that
there is an under-diagnosed IGF1-D population that has the
pathognomonic delay in osseous growth. In this subset group
of patients diagnosed with IGF1-D that has also received
replacement therapy, it is also possible that the dental and
chronological age estimations are skewed because of this
variable.
A relatively accurate age assessment with consideration
made to the delayed growth and development can be made
with dental age-estimation tools. Demirjian’s method of age
estimation for this population may not be the most reliable
method of age estimation; however, if the patient is living, it
is probably the preferred approach. If the subject is deceased,
evaluating the cementum incremental lines in an extracted
tooth (if it is an option) may be a more accurate method.
From a forensic standpoint, the examiner should take into
consideration the display of unerupted, crowded, developed,
and permanent as well as retained primary teeth, skeletal
development, and symmetry.
approaches for determining origin of unidentified human
remains from forensic and archaeological contexts. Stable
isotope values measured in hard tissues (e.g., bone and
teeth) can provide a record of an individual’s life history and
geographic origin. Human bone stable carbon and nitrogen
isotopes of collagen and stable carbon isotopes of bioapatite
reflect consumption of food resources, which vary between
geographic regions due to cultural dietary differences.
This study discusses the application of stable isotope
forensics for provenancing human bone obtained by the Joint
POW/MIA Accounting Command Central Identification
Laboratory (JPAC-CIL) and the Ministry of National
Defense Agency for KIA (Killed in Action) Recovery and
Identification (MAKRI) Central Identification Laboratory
in Seoul, South Korea. Stable isotope analysis was used to
determine whether human remains could be distinguished
between U.S. American military members as compared to
Northeast Asians, as well as with Southeast Asian reference
data previously obtained. More specifically, isotope values
consistent with consumption of a strictly C3-based diet
(e.g., rice) are considered more likely associated with
individuals from Asia, whereas values consistent with greater
consumption of a mixed C3/C4 diet (e.g., corn, sugar) were
considered to be more likely from North America.
The study included more than 50 human bone samples
recovered from various sites in the Korean Peninsula as well
as from Southeast Asia and the Pacific contexts. Samples
were selected from known battles or incidents (i.e., while
the exact identity of each individual may not be known, the
origin of the individual is known—either U.S. American or
Asian). Mitochondrial DNA with haplogroup assignments
from MAKRI-contracted laboratories or from the Armed
Forces DNA Identification Laboratory were available for
most samples.
The stable carbon isotope values from collagen extracts
formed a bimodal distribution and indicated diets consisting
of varying amounts of C3 and C4 resources. When compared
by geographic reference data, there was minimal overlap in
collagen carbon isotope values between U.S. Americans and
individuals from Asia. As expected, U.S. American stable
carbon isotope values were significantly elevated relative to
Asians, reflecting greater contribution of C4 resources in the
diet. An earlier study by Bartelink et al. (2014) demonstrated
that linear discriminant function analysis could correctly
classify over 95% of all samples based on stable carbon
isotope values. Preliminary data from this study suggests
classification rates at or near the same levels, even when
including Northeast and Southeast Asians in the dataset.
WFF2014
IDENTIFICATION; MITOCHONDRIAL DNA
O 56-18
RELIABILITY AND CONFIDENCE OF FINGERPRINT
FEATURES SELECTION
AAFS SCIENTIFIC SESSTION
Oct 16 (Thu)
Shiquan Liu, MS1, Luo Yaping,1 Glenn M. Langenburg, MS,
PhD2
1
People’s Public Security University of China, Beijing, China;
2
Minnesota State Bureau of Criminal Apprehension, Saint Paul,
MN, United States
The fingerprint identification process begins with an analysis
of the latent prints. It requires conducting a full analysis of the
quantity and quality of both the impression and the minutiae.
Some groundwork has already shown how to conduct a
complete analysis of latent prints in the United States.
However, this experiment explored how to document the
reliability and confidence with a minutiae selection among
Chinese fingerprint examiners in the Analysis, Comparison,
Evaluation-Verification (ACE-V) process.
The Green-Yellow-Red-Orange (GYRO) system developed
by Dr. Glenn Langenburg was used to annotate the minutiae
during the analysis phase of the ACE-V process, but this
study changed to the Green-Blue-Red (GBR) system.
Green features represent the examiner’s high confidence of
existence, Blue features represent medium confidence, and
Red features represent low confidence.
This is the first time a national experiment has been
conducted with fingerprint examiners around China. Using
the GBR system, the examiner’s confidence with the features
was recorded. Four fingerprint trials (two from Langenburg
and two from the crime lab of the People’s Public Security
University of China) were selected for the experiment; the
data will provide a large-range analysis of minutiae selection
for approximately 200 fingerprint examiners from different
provinces in China.
There are four aspects that will be discussed from the results
calculated by the statistics:
Selection of relevant level-two features; results from the
“confidence” of the latent fingerprints. Based on Cedric’s
model, a new model will be set up to qualify the weight of
minutiae configuration of different confidences.
Accuracy of minutiae selection and error rates of the final
conclusion. Attempt to discover what types of minutiae
resulted in most of the experts making errors, then describe
the minutiae and provide recommendations.
Present intra-examiner and inter-examiner statistics results.
Results will be compared to the United States’ and Holland’s
386
results to determine the difference.
This research will have an impact on latent print operations
throughout China and other fingerprint communities by
increasing the understanding of fingerprint features selection
and increasing the examiners’ awareness for potential errors
generated in low-quality areas or other factors. Reducing
the errors of fingerprint features selection will decrease the
chance of wrongful comparison, reduce the risk of erroneous
identifications, and, most importantly, maintain the public’s
confidence in the police and forensic science in China.
KEYWORDS FINGERPRINT IDENTIFICATION; GYRO;
LATENT PRINT
O 56-19
BITEMARK ANALYSIS IN HUNGARY AS A RESULT OF
ALIGNED EDUCATION, COOPERATIVE LEARNING,
AND INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION IN
FORENSIC DENTISTRY
Ajang Armin Farid, DDS
Semmelweis Medical University, Budapest, Hungary
After attending this presentation, attendees will better
understand how bitemark analysis in Europe is becoming
more and more a part of police investigations. This
presentation will impact the forensic science community
by underlining the fact that violent biting happens all over
the world, regardless of how much attention is given to this
matter.
Hungary has a long history in recognizing and analyzing
bitemarks. The Forensic Institute of the Semmelweis
University, one of the most traditional and renowned centers
of medical education, had first mentioned the possibility of
analyzing bitemarks in 1904. Textbooks include bitemark
analysis in 1968 by Dr. László Harsányi. However, due to
the low rate of criminal activity in the socialist countries,
little weight was given to using bitemark analysis as part of
police investigations. The occurance of human bitemarks was
considered rare or non-existent; however, animal bitemark
analysis was conducted more frequently due to an increase in
dog bites.
Since 2008, a continuous media campaign and education
program for Hungarian crime scene technicians helped raise
awareness of the importance of bitemark analysis among the
police and the general population resulting in the reporting
of several bitemark cases, within a short span of time, to
the authorities. The most prominent case, which occured in
December 2010 in a suburb of the capital, Budapest, shocked
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
Understanding the value of education in bitemark analysis, the
International Law Enforcement Academy (ILEA) in Budapest,
which is run by the FBI, has asked for these topics to be
incorporated into the training of their international police
recruits and agents. Thus, the knowledge has been transmitted
to Bulgaria, Kosovo, Romania, Macedonia, Montenegro, and
other countries in Europe. The Semmelweis Medical University,
Department of Forensic Medicine, in Budapest, which has
integrated bitemark analysis, age estimation, and disaster victim
identification into its curriculum, allows newly trained dentists to
bring their knowledge and learning back to their home countries,
including Germany, Norway, Austria, Sweden, the United
Kingdom, Greece, Cyprus, Iran, Israel, and other countries in
the Middle East.
In the dental forensic community, it is a known fact that
some countries are more advanced than others in utilizing
forensic dentistry in crime investigation and/or disaster
victim identification while others struggle to achieve a united
vision and understanding among the different governmental
agencies involved. Therefore, it becomes the moral and
ethical responsibility and privilege of the more advanced
forensic communities to engage in a collaborative effort to
integrate this science into police investigative work in the
less-developed territories.
This study will present that these incredible, unforeseen
accomplishments have been made possible because of
the continued collaboration, exchange of knowledge and
ideas, accompaniment, and capacity building and the
support and encouragement received from mentors and
colleagues working in the field in the United States. In facing
common challenges and service to humanity, the concept
of accompaniment and assistance in developing capacities
is vital in chartering an individual path for progress. Great
accomplishments in public service are achieved through unity
of vision and action plus mutual and ongoing collaboration
and support.
KEYWORDS B I T E M A R K A N A LY S I S ; F O R E N S I C
DENTISTRY; INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION
O 56-20
THE IMPACT OF MODIFIED EXTRACTION METHODS
ON THE RECOVERY OF DNA FROM SKELETONIZED
REMAINS RETURNED FROM THE DPRK – IS THERE
REGIONAL VARIABILITY?
S.M. Edson, MS1 and S.R. Ah Sam, MS2
1
Armed Forces DNA Identification Laboratory, 115 Purple
Heart Drive, DAFB, DE 19902; 2 Joint POW/MIA Accounting
Command – Central Identification Laboratory, 310 Worchester
Ave., Joint Base Pearl Harbor – Hickam, HI 96853, United
States
The Armed Forces DNA Identification Laboratory (AFDIL)
and the Joint POW/MIA Accounting Command – Central
Identification Laboratory (JPAC-CIL) work towards
the identification of missing US service members from
past military conflicts. To that end, both laboratories are
constantly improving laboratory protocols that improve
both the speed and efficiency of the procedures. Since the
inception of AFDIL in 1992, the protocol for extracting
total genomic DNA from skeletal samples has undergone
two major modifications. The first, released to casework
in 2007, was a change to a new extraction buffer that
provided complete demineralization of the osseous material
and a 10 fold reduction in the amount of sample required
for processing (2.0g was reduced to 0.2g). The second,
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AAFS SCIENTIFIC SESSTION
Oct 16 (Thu)
the Hungarian nation, when a two-month-old child was
beaten by her father and then bitten twice to be silenced. The
police were called after the child was taken to the hospital 12
days after the initial abuse. Due to the condition of the child
on admission to the hospital, it was apparent that additional
abuse had occured. Since this case involved a “closed
populaton” suspect pool, the forensic odontologist was asked
to analyze the dental evidence obtained from both parents. It
is important to note that the father initially confessed to biting
the infant.
A thorough examination and analysis of the bitemark
excluded the mother as a biter and included the father as the
probable biter in this case. The highly specific, individualized
characteristic of the bite helped to strengthen this conclusion.
The forensic dentist in Hungary worked closely with his
mentor in the United States, who provided advice and
guidence in this unique case. The father was finally convicted
and sentenced to six years imprisonment in February 2013.
A few weeks later, another child in Hungary was reportedly
bitten by a neighbor who had been asked to babysit the child
while the mother was at work. The police became involved in
this incident when the mother came home and found several
bitemark wounds on the child. In the same time frame, an
elderly woman was attacked in her own home, and in selfdefense she bit one of the intruders on the leg, causing a
bitemark that served as evidence.
It is believed that the increase of education, not only among
the police and other agencies concerned with children’s and
women’s welfare but also increasingly among the general
population, on the significance of bitemarks will bring more
and more cases to light, providing the judicial system with
additional evidence.
AAFS SCIENTIFIC SESSTION
Oct 16 (Thu)
WFF2014
released to casework in 2013, was a removal of the phenolchloroform (PCIA) purification and an incorporation of a
silica purification column.
The second extraction modification, known in-house as
‘demin2’, has shown a positive difference in success for
some skeletal elements when testing for mitochondrial DNA
(mtDNA); an ~14% increase in success with a low-copy
number Y-STR analysis protocol (LCN-Y); and ~5% increase
in success for autosomal testing. Of note was a Y-STR artifact
observed only in remains recovered from a region in North
Korea. While this was only one incident, it encouraged the
scientists to examine whether or not there would be specific
success rates of skeletal elements recovered from different
localities.
To examine this possibility, only skeletal elements from the
Korean War were examined. Between 1990 and 1994, 208
boxes of remains were returned to the United States by the
Democratic People's Republic of Korea (aka, North Korea).
Each box was attributed to a specific village or region in
North Korea and purportedly comprised a single individual.
Through anthropological and mtDNA analysis, it has been
determined that most of the boxes -contain commingled
remains and there are significantly more than 208 individuals
represented in the assemblage. To further complicate matters,
shared mtDNA sequences have been observed between the
K208 boxes and remains recovered during US/DPRK Joint
Recovery Operations (JRO).
MtDNA, LCN-Y, and autosomal DNA testing success rates
for each skeletal element were examined for each regional
assemblage of remains. Comparisons were made between the
original extraction method, the first modification involving
complete demineralization (‘demin1’), and the most recent
extraction modification ('demin2'). The goals are to: 1)
provide a clearer picture of the regional taphonomic effects
on skeletal remains as they relate to DNA analysis, and 2)
demonstrate how advances in DNA technology have aided in
sorting a highly commingled skeletal assemblage and led to
the identification of US service members. Further studies will
involve similar analyses on remains recovered from regions
associated with Southeast Asia and World War II conflicts.
Disclaimer: The opinions or assertions presented are the
private views of the authors and should not be construed
as official or as reflecting the views of the Department of
Defense, its branches, the U.S. Army Medical Research and
Materiel Command, the Armed Forces Medical Examiner
System, or the Joint POW/MIA Accounting Command –
Central Identification Laboratory.
KEYWORDS
388
DNA; AFDIL; JPAC-CIL
O 56-21
THE EFFECT OF SOFT TISSUE ON EXPOSURE
TEMPERATURE PREDICTION FROM BURNT BONE
Sarah Ellingham, MSc, Tim Thompson, PhD, Meez Islam,
PhD, Gillian Taylor
Teesside University, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom
Determining the maximum exposure temperature from
burnt skeletal tissue can be of crucial importance for
the reconstruction of incineration conditions in forensic
case work. Traditionally, utilized indicators such as color
change, microstructural alterations, or sole crystallinity
measurements are mere qualitative indicators which are
subject to fluctuations based on a variety of factors other than
heat exposure and, therefore, inherently unreliable. The goal
of this study was to develop a statistically robust and reliably
reproducible quantitative method of burn temperature
prediction, which takes into account the effect of soft tissue
presence as well as different exposure times.
Research was carried out using sheep (Ovis aries) rib bones
of two experimental groups, defleshed “green” bones as
well as bones with soft tissue presence, which were burnt
at temperatures between 100°C and 1,100°C in 100°C
increments for 15, 45, and 90 minutes. The external bone
surface was subsequently removed, ground to powder, and
analyzed through Attenuated Total Reflectance FourierTransform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) at an optical
range of 400cm-1 to 2,000cm-1. From the produced spectra,
eight absorption peak ratios, which have been described
in Thompson et al., were calculated on which Linear
Regression analysis was performed, creating a formula for
the prediction of the burn temperature.1 Results indicated
that from defleshed sample spectra, burn temperatures can be
predicted with a standard error of +/-70°C. Variation in the
exposure time does not make a significant difference to the
prediction accuracy. The presence of soft tissue, however,
has a significant influence on heat-induced changes of the
bone matrix in low (<300°C) as well as high (>800°C)
temperatures, shielding the bone matrix and slowing down
combustion in the former, and acting as fuel, causing an
accelerated combustion in the latter (p<0.05). At medium
temperatures, no significant difference between bones burnt
with and without soft tissue presence was noted.
This research allows for an accurate determination of
exposure temperature from defleshed bones and a founded
estimation of the temperature range from bones which have
been exposed to burning with soft tissue, thus marking a
significant advancement in the comprehension of burnt bone.
The clear impact of the presence of soft tissues, and the lack
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
of influence of duration, provides forensic investigators a
new perspective with which to interpret the results of FTIR
measures derived from burnt bone.
Reference:
Thompson TJU, Islam M, Bonniere M. “A new statistical
approach for determining the crystallinity of heat-altered
bone mineral from FTIR spectra.” Journal of Archaeological
Science. 2013 1;40(1): 416-22.
KEYWORDS BURNT BONE; EXPOSURE TEMPERATURE;
INCINERATION
O 56-22
ASSESSING DNA QUALITY, QUANTITY, AND
INHIBITION USING A HIGHLY SENSITIVE
MULTIPLEX QUANTIFICATION SYSTEM FOR
FORENSIC SAMPLES
Stephen Lee, PhD1, Jesse Ramirez, BS1, Ryan Yee, BS1, Zach
Goecker, BS1, Gina Pineda, MS2 , Anne Montgomery, MS2 ,
Robyn Thompson, MS2 , Sudhir Sinh, PhD2
1
San Jose State University, San Jose, CA, United States;
2
InnoGenomics Technologies, New Orleans, LA, United States
KEYWORDS
A quantification system that estimates the level of
degradation in a forensic sample is a useful tool for DNA
analysts. There are already systems reported in the literature
that provide a quality assessment for degraded DNA samples.
One uses a Ya5-lineage Alu genetic element and a second
employs single copy targets in a multiplex assessing nuclear
and Y chromosome targets ranging from 67-190bp. The
advantage of an Alu system is the presence of a large number
of fixed insertions. Published reports state only 20% of
the Yb-lineage Alu elements are polymorphic for insertion
presence or absence in the human genome. A large number
of these fixed elements are present in every human genome,
thus enhancing sensitivity and minimizing the individual
specific variation possible when using a multi-copy target
quantification system.
Alus are Short Interspersed Elements (SINE), ~ 300bp
DNA; ALUS; DNA ANALYSIS
O 56-23
A REALITY SHOW: YOU ARE GOING TO BE AN
EXPERT WITNESS
Haskell M. Pitluck, JD
Crystal Lake, IL, United States
If you are a forensic scientist and work on cases in the legal
justice system, the odds are high that at some point you
are going to have to testify before a body that will make a
decision based, at least in part, on your work. It will not be
like the television episodes and movies. It will be reality.
Your work should be accurate and correct, but it is equally
important that you know how to conduct yourself before the
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AAFS SCIENTIFIC SESSTION
Oct 16 (Thu)
Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) quantification
of human DNA provides an important estimate of amplifiable
DNA in a biological sample. Current methods in forensic
laboratories include SYBR® Green, Plexor® HY, and
Quantifiler® Duo assays. Recent advances in mini Short
Tandem Repeat (STR) analysis systems have made it possible
to analyze highly compromised samples.
insertions, distributed in large copy number (>1000 copies/
cell). The use of internal primers to amplify a segment of an
Alu element allows for higher primate specificity and high
sensitivity when compared to a single copy target.
The new qPCR system utilizes two independent genomic
targets: an 80bp “short” target sequence and a 207bp “long”
target sequence.. Primers and probes are selected so that they
are completely independent. The ratio of the long targets
versus short targets provides a useful assessment of DNA
quality. This Degradation Index (DI) has applications in
predicting the profiling success of forensic samples. Use of a
synthetic target as an Internal Positive Control (IPC) provides
an additional assessment for the presence of PCR inhibitors in
the test sample.
Initial inter-laboratory testing indicates the PCR efficiency
for both long and short targets is consistently above 90%.
The amount of synthetic IPC target was adjusted to provide
reproducible Ct values between 18–22 cycles for samples
with no inhibition. Precision and sensitivity studies indicated
this system has a sensitivity threshold of 1pg, similar to those
reported for other Alu-based quantification systems and
comparable to other commercially available systems. Studies
comparing this system with other commercially available
quantitation systems show concordance of quantitation
values between systems. Furthermore, the preliminary interlaboratory results demonstrate the predictive value of the
DI on degraded DNA and the IPC results on humic acid
(inhibitor) spiked samples.
In conclusion, a DNA-based qualitative/quantitative/
inhibition assessment system is a valuable tool for deciding
which DNA test kit to utilize when processing forensically
compromised samples.
WFF2014
adjudicative body so you can effectively impart your work
and testimony in a manner understandable to all concerned—
a very small and special audience.
You may be the best forensic scientist in the world, but if you
are not able to explain your work, your conclusions, and your
opinions, you will not be an effective witness. Unlike the
quick resolution of the various forensic matters in the media,
if parties to a case cannot attack the science, they attack the
scientist.
This presentation should assist in preparing you to be the best
witness you can possibly be. The key to this is preparation as
there is no substitute for good preparation.
Topics to be covered will include preparation of your CV as
well as dealings with the attorneys, other experts, judges, and
the jury, some do’s and don’ts, and even some tips on ethics,
as well as other suggestions to help you become a better
witness. The goal is to be the most prepared, honest, and
effective witness possible.
KEYWORDS LEGAL JUSTICE SYSTEM; JUDICIAL
ETHICS; EXPERT WITNESS
O 56-24
A LITTLE LESSON IN LOGIC
AAFS SCIENTIFIC SESSTION
Oct 16 (Thu)
Thomas W. Young, MD
Heartland Forensic Pathology, LLC, Kansas City, MO, United
States
After attending this presentation, attendees will recognize
logically sound and unsound ways to reason from evidence.
This presentation will impact the international forensic
community by instructing forensic scientists about how
to infer in a way that is logical, truthful, and reliable,
particularly when offering sworn testimony in a courtroom.
Scientists have made great progress in recent years in the
development of technology useful for court cases; however,
there is little mention in the forensic science literature
about how to draw truthful conclusions from such scientific
evidence.
Consider this “little lesson in logic:”
The Inferential Test
One can be reasonably certain if witness accounts of the
past are consistent or not consistent with physical evidence
in the present, but one cannot reliably surmise past events
from physical evidence unless there is only one plausible
explanation for that evidence.
This statement has been translated into logical operator
notation and demonstrated to be a tautology—a statement
390
that is necessarily true—using truth tables and proofs.1
Consider the following five statements, all given the scientific
fact that 1 + 1 = 2:
(1 + 1) → 2 If one was added to one, then the sum is two.
~(2) → ~(1 + 1) If the sum is not two, then one was not added
to one.
2 → (1 + 1) If the sum is two, then one was added to one.
2 → (1 + _) If the sum is two, then one was added to __.
~(1 + 1) → ~(2) If one was not added to one, then the sum is
not two.
The five statements above are conditional “if…, then…”
statements. The item to the left of the conditional arrow—
the antecedent—can represent what happened in the past,
and the item to the right of the arrow—the consequent—can
represent the consequent physical evidence discovered in
the present. The first two statements are simplified versions
of modus ponens (the way of affirming) and modus tollens
(the way of denying)—two famous valid argument forms.
The first two statements are true. They represent comparing
a witness account of the past to physical evidence in the
present for consistency (“What he said could happen.”) or
inconsistency (“What he said could not happen.”). Such
comparisons are valid for certainty. The third statement in
the invalid argument form of affirming the consequent is not
correct because numbers too numerous to count other than
1 and 1 can be added together to get a sum of 2. Truthfully,
the statement should read: 2 → (? + ?). Surmising past
events from physical evidence cannot be done reliably. Such
complex inferences are unlikely to be true unless there is only
one plausible explanation for the evidence (Statement 4).1
The fifth statement in the invalid argument form of denying
the antecedent is also not correct because not adding 1 to 1
can also lead to a sum of 2. Truthfully, the statement should
read: ~(1 + 1) → ?. If witnesses are presumed to offer false
statements, then the truth of what happened cannot be known.
The illustrations above can also apply to forensic casework.
The famous Australian case of Lindy Chamberlain is an
important example of what can happen when inferences from
scientific evidence are not sound.
Reference:
Young TW. The Inferential Test is Always True. Think of
it as a Law. http://www.heartlandforensic.com/writing/theinferential-test-is-always-true-think-of-it-as-a-law.
KEYWORDS EVIDENCE REASONING; INFERENTIAL
TEST; LOGIC
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
O 57-1
GLOBAL PERSPECTIVES ON CONTEMPORANEOUS
TESTAMENTARY CAPACITY EVALUATIONS
Daniel A. Martell, PhD
Park Dietz & Associates, Newport Beach, CA, United States
KEYWORDS NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST; MENTAL
HEALTH LAW; PSYCHIATRIC EXAMINATION
O 57-2
FORENSIC LINGUISTICS: LANGUAGE AS CLUE AND
EVIDENCE
This presentation explains the use of linguistics as a forensic
science by describing cases in which language is a clue and/
or evidence at trial and how standard analytical methods
from linguistics can produce reliable and admissible forensic
evidence. There are some criminal and civil cases in which
language plays a crucial role as an investigative clue, such
as kidnapping, defamation, suicide/murder, and stalking/
threatening. These cases exemplify the “four corners of
forensic linguistics” (Chaski 2013): linguistic profiling,
identification, text-typing, and intertextuality.
In the kidnapping of the Lindbergh baby, the ransom note
was important in determining that the author of the note
was a non-native speaker of English and a native speaker of
German. The language of the note provided an investigative
clue. This clue was developed by applying a standard method
in linguistics to a forensic issue. The standard linguistics
method is contrastive analysis—a tool in linguistics that
demonstrates differences in structure between languages.
These differences between English and German can then be
applied to the forensic issue of authorship: whoever wrote
the note showed native German-speaking tendencies in
writing English. Contrastive analysis is a reliable method
in linguistics based on the theory of linguistic structure;
when it is applied forensically, it produces reliable results as
linguistic profiling.
Defamatory statements posted anonymously or
pseudonymously on the internet create an actionable event
which is becoming more frequent. The investigative question
is who authored the defamatory statements. Given a pool of
suspects, it is possible to determine authorship with a high
degree of accuracy based on the syntactic structures. The
linguistic method of syntactic analysis can be combined with
a proprietary categorization mechanism so that documents
from one author can be reliably differentiated from another,
and a questioned document can be assigned to a known
author. This authorship method has been used in more than
25 cases and admitted into trial testimony in both federal and
state courts in the United States under both Frye and Daubert
standards.
In suicide investigations, two questions can arise about a
suicide note: (1) Is this a real suicide note?; and, (2) Did
the decedent author the note? The authorship issue can be
resolved using the method previously described while the
authenticity of the suicide note requires a different method.
Based on text classification methods in computational
linguistics, a statistical procedure can determine with a strong
391
AAFS SCIENTIFIC SESSTION
Oct 16 (Thu)
Contested wills, trusts, and estate plans are extremely
expensive to litigate and can significantly erode the corpus of
the estate while undermining the wishes of the testator. This
is particularly true when late changes are made to an existing
plan. Planning for the possibility of a will contest is both
prudent and cost-effective.
International standards and practices in this area of
mental health law will be presented. A careful and welldocumented assessment of the testator’s capacity, prepared
at the time that a will is executed or any significant
changes are made, can document and preserve evidence
of the testator’s competency and freedom from undue
influence. This simple step can prevent years of litigation
and unnecessary delays in executing the client’s desires.
The evaluations include both psychiatric examination and
neurocognitive testing. Evaluations are generally conducted
as close in time as possible to the date that a will or trust
will be signed and can usually be completed in one day.
The process includes a careful review of the medicolegal
record; objective psychodiagnostic and neuropsychological
testing; a meticulous forensic psychiatric examination of the
testator(s), and interviews of significant others, as needed.
A customized neuropsychological test battery is
administered, tailored specifically to those cognitive
functions most relevant to testamentary capacity, including
attention, concentration, memory, and executive functioning.
Psychodiagnostic testing is used to evaluate psychiatric
symptoms. The forensic psychiatric examination includes
taking a complete history, a mental status examination,
careful documentation of the testator’s competency, and
assessment of the factors that increase susceptibility to,
or protect against, undue influence. The evaluation can be
digitally recorded, if desired. A comprehensive report is then
prepared to be filed with the estate plan.
Carole E. Chaski, PhD
ALIAS Technology, LLC, Institute for Linguistic Evidence,
Georgetown, DE, United States
WFF2014
degree of accuracy whether the note is a real suicide note or
some other type of document. Text authentication or texttyping procedures have also been developed for threatening
communications, predatory chats, and deceptive language.
In claims of ownership and contractual torts, an issue that
often arises is whether or not two documents are truly
independent of each other. If, for example, employee
manuals or patents are truly independent, they will overlap
to a baseline—because they include similar information—
but they will not overlap much higher than the baseline.
When the texts are “too close” because their overlaps are far
higher than the baseline expected in an industry, then there
is reason based in linguistics to assert that the employee
manuals or patents are not independent and constitute a
violation of a non-compete agreement or patent infringement.
Intertextuality can be measured and the similarity used to
demonstrate dependence and relationship between texts.
KEYWORDS FORENSIC LINGUISTICS; LINGUISTIC
PROFILING; SYNTACTIC STRUCTURES
turn impact the thinking of the American public, including its
reactions to such developments as the ongoing difficulties of
procuring chemicals for execution by lethal injection.
American states are gradually abolishing the death penalty,
and none has recently re-established it. Perhaps a welcome
maturing tend is at work here. But what is then to be made
of developments in such areas as the control of firearms?
As citizen professionals sharing a shrinking globe, we are
subject to increasing scrutiny of ourselves and of one another.
As responsible forensic scientists, we share the burden of
managing our collective reputation in the public arena. The
Hall case can well serve to focus our responses to these
challenges.
References:
No, 12-10882, citations pending
Liptak, A: Justices reject a rigid IQ rule for executions. New
York Times, 28 May 2014, p.A1
KEYWORDS D E A T H P E N A L T Y ; C O G N I T I V E
IMPAIRMENT; HALL VS. FLORIDA
O 57-3
DIMINISHING THE DEATH PENALTY
AAFS SCIENTIFIC SESSTION
Oct 16 (Thu)
John L. Young, MD
New Haven, CT, United States
On May 27, 2014, the U.S. Supreme Court announced its
decision in the case of Hall vs. Florida.1 It reversed that
state’s highest court’s decision that had upheld the death
penalty for Mr. Freddie Lee Hall, a cognitively impaired
defendant convicted of murder. In essence, the Florida Court
must now address its narrow use of IQ scores to determine the
presence or absence of cognitive impairment for sentencing
in death penalty cases. Writing for the 5:4 majority, Justice
Anthony Kennedy succinctly (and most quotably) pointed out
that “intellectual disability is a condition, not a number.” For
its important part, the dissent, represented by Justice Samuel
Alito, warned against “instability” and “protracted litigation,”
by no means an inapt assertion in view of the fact that Mr.
Hall’s crime took place in 1978.
This decision is unusual for the extent to which it favorably
quotes from professional societies’ amicus curiae briefs.
According to some commentators, it also may be seen as
following the general direction of evolving public opinion.2
This decision is likely to have an immediate impact on
several other states. It will also be interesting to continue to
follow Mr. Hall’s own case. We should, in addition, look for
global opinions responding to the decision. These may in
392
O 57-4
DETECTION MALINGERING WITH THE
AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL IMPLICIT ASSOCIATION TEST
Laura Muscatello1, Annabella Alice Pozzoli2
1
Reggio Emilia, Italy; 2Legnano, Italy
A new method that can be used to identify a true
autobiographical memory (the intentions and reasons that
motivate an act) is the autobiographical Implicit Association
Test (aIAT).1 It is a variant of the Implicit Association Test
(IAT) which is used to establish whether an autobiographical
memory trace is encoded in the respondent’s mind/brain.2
With the aIAT, it is possible to evaluate which of two
autobiographical events is true. The method consists of
a computerized categorization task. The aIAT includes
stimuli belonging to four categories. Two of them are logical
categories and are represented by sentences that are always
true (e.g., “I am in front of a computer.”) or always false
(e.g., “I am climbing a mountain.”) for the respondent. The
two other categories are represented by alternative versions
of an autobiographical event (e.g., “I went to London for
Christmas.” or “I went to Seattle for Christmas.”), only one
of which is true. The true autobiographical event is identified
because, in a combined block, it gives rise to faster Reaction
Times (RTs) when it shares the same motor response with true
sentences.
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
Validation experiments have documented very high
classification accuracy over a wide range of tests, with
average accuracy rates exceeding 90%. The aIAT has
been validated in both forensic and clinical settings. This
presentation reviews the aIAT main applications (including
malingered whiplash syndrome, malingered depression, etc.)
and features one of the most popular Italian cases in which it
was used: The Case of Como.
older technologies that are particularly problematic. The
relationship of these newer technologies to SWGDRUG
criteria will be discussed.
KEYWORDS
CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION; SWGDRUG;
GC/MS
O 57-6
References:
Sartori, Agosta, Zogmaister, Ferrara, & Castiello, 2008
Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998
KEYWORDS A U T O B I O G R A P H I C A L I M P L I C I T
ASSOCIATION TEST (aIAT); IMPLICIT ASSOCIATION
TEST (IAT); THE CASE OF COMO
O 57-5
TECHNOLOGIC ADVANCES ON CHEMICAL
IDENTIFICATION STANDARDS
Victor W. Weedn, MD, JD
George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
Dayong Lee, PhD, Chris Delcher, MS, Mildred M.
Maldonado-Molina, PhD, Lindsay A. Bazydlo, PhD, Bruce A.
Goldberger, PhD
University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL,
United States
Background: Drug-induced mortality has steadily increased
over the past two decades in the United States. Drug mortality
surveillance systems are valuable in monitoring drug use
patterns over time and for evaluating the impact of drug
control policy. Florida, the fourth most populous state and
the epicenter of the recent prescription drug epidemic in the
U.S., maintains a timely drug mortality surveillance system.
In this presentation, attendees will be informed about the
mortality rates for licit and illicit drugs in Florida from 2001
to 2012. This study examined yearly patterns, demographic
characteristics, and statistical correlations between drug
trends. The ratio of drug-caused deaths and drug-present
deaths were evaluated to study relative lethality of specific
substances.
Methods: All drug-related deaths reported by Florida medical
examiners to the Medical Examiners Commission (MEC)
through toxicology reports from 2001 to 2012 were included.
A death was considered “drug-related” if at least one drug
was identified in the decedent. A single drug was reported as
either a causative factor or a presenting factor (i.e., identified
in nonlethal concentrations), but not both. Multiple drugs
can be listed as a cause of death and/or present. On the
whole, deaths related to the following drugs or drug groups
were reported: amphetamines, benzodiazepines, cannabis,
carisoprodol/meprobamate, cocaine, ethanol, gammahydroxybutyrate, heroin, inhalants, opioids, phencyclidine,
and zolpidem.
Results: The rate of drug-caused deaths was 8.0 per
100,000 population in 2001, more than doubling to 17.0
in 2010, then decreasing to 13.9 in 2012. Among drugcaused deaths, 34.7%-59.2% involved more than one drug
and these polydrug deaths continuously increased over the
393
AAFS SCIENTIFIC SESSTION
Oct 16 (Thu)
The Scientific Working Group for the Analysis of
Seized Drugs (SWGDRUG) has divided chemical
analytical techniques into three categories based upon
their discrimination potential. However, advances in the
technologies have rendered this schema overly simplistic.
Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) has
been a mainstay of chemical identification in forensic
science labs since the 1970s. GC/MS has been useful for
drug chemistry, toxicology, and trace evidence and was
considered a definitive chemical identification technique.
However, traditional GC/MS only produces nominal mass
values. Different compounds may have the same nominal
mass. Current MS instrumentation can produce accurate
and exact mass, which can differentiate many compounds
with the same nominal mass, but there are still compounds
with the same exact mass that need to be discriminated,
either by separation techniques, fragmentation, or alternate
interrogation. Stereo-isomers are particularly problematic.
Time-of-flight mass spectroscopy, capillary electrophoresis,
new chromatographic columns and nano-Liquid
Chromatography (LC), supercritical fluid extraction, Raman
spectroscopy, and benchtop Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
(NMR) analyzers are among the newer techniques that
have yet to achieve widespread utility in forensic science
labs. Meanwhile, forensic science labs seem to cling to
TRENDS IN LICIT AND ILLICIT DRUG-RELATED
DEATHS IN FLORIDA FROM 2001 TO 2012
AAFS SCIENTIFIC SESSTION
Oct 16 (Thu)
WFF2014
years. Ethanol-caused mortality increased until 2009, then
the rate stabilized to 3.0-3.1 for the subsequent four years.
Alprazolam and diazepam contributed to the majority of
benzodiazepine-caused deaths. However, less than 10%
were solely due to alprazolam or diazepam; methadone,
oxycodone, and cocaine were frequently co-involved. Similar
to benzodiazepines, opioid-caused mortality rates peaked in
2010 and started to decline (-28%) in the period 2010-2012.
The rate of oxycodone-caused deaths increased from 1.9 to
8.0 per 100,000 population over 2001-2010 and decreased
to 3.8 in 2012. Annual rates of heroin-caused mortality were
negatively correlated with opioids and benzodiazepines (ρ
≥ -0.670; p ≤ 0.034, respectively). Further, an increase in
heroin-lethality (4.8 in 2010 to 12.0 in 2012) coincided with
the increase in average heroin purity reported by the U.S.
Drug Enforcement Administration. Cocaine-caused death
rates decreased from 4.6 to 2.8 per 100,000 population over
2007-2012. Amphetamines, zolpidem, and inhalants-caused
deaths were on the rise, although rates were low (≤0.6 per
100,000).
Conclusions: Declines in benzodiazepine- and opioid-caused
deaths in 2011-2012 may have been related to Florida’s
attempts to regulate inappropriate dispensing of prescription
drugs and other factors. This period, however, was also
marked by a rise in heroin-caused mortality, which may
reflect growing heroin abuse as an alternative to prescription
opioids. Increases in amphetamines, zolpidem, and inhalantsinduced mortality are an additional public health concern.
The data provide important information for understanding
the relationships among drug-related deaths, drug-intake
patterns, and regulations, which could aid in establishing
preventive measures for future drug overdoses.
KEYWORDS
D R U G - R E L AT E D D E AT H S ;
BENZODIAZEPINES, OPIOIDS
O 57-7
CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN FORENSIC
MULTIMEDIA EVIDENCE ANALYSIS
Zeno J. Geradts, PhD
Netherlands Forensic Institute, Ministry of Justice, Den Haag,
SH, Netherlands
The growth of multimedia on the internet is increasing
exponentially due to the large number of cameras and other
sources of video and imaging that are currently available,
resulting in issues concerning the digital investigation into the
amount of multimedia data. Consequently, it is necessary to
394
have new and intelligent methods developed to filter and find
relevant data in big data.
Several methods have been developed for indexing
multimedia data for faster searches as well as methods such
as facial extraction and others that identify biometric features.
Additionally, techniques for camera identification are
available for finding the images made with the same-source
camera.
In this presentation, an overview is given of developments
in the field, ranging from camera identification to feature
extraction from images, as well as searching for features in
images and methods for finding hidden features such as veins
and heart beats in images. Processes for video restoration of
partly erased video files and fragmented parts of a video are
likewise a challenge. Detection of manipulation of videos and
images is also a field where guidelines have been developed.
Forensic validation of these methods as well as determining
likelihood ratios and prior incidents remain a challenge. In
this presentation, several examples of determining likelihood
ratios are presented together with methods for the validation
of results.
KEYWORDS MULTIMEDIA; DIGITAL INVESTIGATION;
FACIAL EXTRACTION
O 57-8
THE APPLICATION OF SPECIALIZED
PHOTOGRAPHY FOR THE ENHANCEMENT OF
FORENSIC EVIDENCE
Michael E. Gorn, MS
Sarasota County Sheriff’s Office, Sarasota, FL, United States
Using photography for the enhancement of forensic
evidence should be the first step taken in the examination
process. Photographic processes are typically nondestructive
compared to chemical enhancement as using chemicals
to develop patterns and impressions can cause artifacts to
appear in the photograph, degrade the detail needed for
subsequent comparisons, and/or affect further DNA testing
due to the introduction of a liquid reagent.
This presentation will focus on specialized photographic
techniques and how they can be used to develop contrast
between an area of interest and the underlying substrate.
The focus will be on infrared (IR) and ultraviolet (UV)
techniques, although polarized light photography and coaxial lighting will also be discussed. IR/UV photography has
been around for many years; however, it does not appear to
have reached widespread use in forensic analysis. One reason
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
might be because conventional IR/UV photography using
film was challenging, whereas digital technology can be used
by someone with basic camera knowledge as its advent has
made the process far simpler. The ability to view evidence in
real-time infrared, similar to viewing using a video camera,
makes this technology particularly useful for the screening
of items in the field and lab. Research into the limits of IR
photography will also be discussed, including when it is
necessary to move into the chemical arena.
The benefits of this technology can be realized on a wide
variety of evidence including, but not limited to, bloodstain
patterns, gunshot residue, document alteration, victim
identification, injury documentation, and fingerprints. This
applies to evidence both in the laboratory and in the field.
Various camera systems will be discussed, along with the
necessary lighting and camera conversions. Examples of how
IR and UV photography have been used in casework will be
presented and will include the reconstruction of bloodstain
patterns on the clothing of suspects in two homicide cases.
In both of these cases, infrared photography was crucial in
visualizing patterns that could not be readily seen with the
naked eye and were needed for the interpretation of events
and reconstruction of the incident.
The presenter will bring an infrared camera to provide the
audience with the opportunity to see the technology firsthand and hopefully appreciate its simplicity as well as the
advantages in the visualization of a variety of evidence types.
printers in some researches, and frequency analysis has been
used to measure the frequencies of halftone bandings.
Based on the same theory and method, 50 devices of
two models of HP® laser printers with several different
photoreceptor drums were sampled and investigated. The
bandings in both printed halftone images and black texts
were analyzed with signal power spectrum. The objective
of this study was to prove the possibility of discriminating
documents printed by different laser printers of same type
by the means of banding analysis. Three methods were used
to optimize the signal extraction, including scanning in
reflective mode for halftone images, scanning in film mode,
and microscopic imaging with transmitted light for black
texts.
This study showed that when a set of specific banding
frequency components characterized the class signature of
a laser printer, the relative intensity of the banding signals
consistently exhibited its individuality, which was reflected
by the various amplitudes of the frequency components.
Banding artifact can be a promising feature for eliminating
the suspect printer(s) if the notable differences in relative
intensity of banding signals are detected.
L A S E R P R I N T E R I N D I V I D U A L I T Y;
BANDING ARTIFACT; FREQUENCY ANALYSIS
KEYWORDS
AAFS SCIENTIFIC SESSTION
Oct 16 (Thu)
KEYWORDS I R / U V P H O T O G R A P H Y; D I G I TA L
TECHNOLOGY; CAMERA SYSTEMS
O 57-9
A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE INDIVIDUALITIES
OF MONOCHROMIC LASER PRINTERS BASED ON
BANDING FEATURES
Ning Liu, MA1, George Chiu2 , Chuntao Chen1, Daozhong
Lv1
1
Department of Forensic Science, Jiangsu Police Institute,
Nanjing, China; 2School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue
University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
Banding artifacts, which are caused by photosensitive drum
velocity variation or its resultant scanline spacing variation,
are often perceived in outputs of laser printers as periodic
light and dark bands perpendicular to the print direction. Gear
transmission errors have been proven to be the main sources
of these types of output density fluctuations, which were
addressed as class features for forensic classification of laser
395
WFF2014
ORAL PRESENTATION 35
FORENSIC PATHOLOGY (PT): REGIONAL ISSUE I
O 35-1
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 17 (Fri)
FETAL, NEONATAL AND INFANT DEATHS IN CHINA:
A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF CASES DETECTED IN
TONGJI FORENSIC MEDICAL CENTER FROM 2001 TO
2013
by milk and put in an enclosed space, the other 3 deaths were
due to scalding, adverse drug reaction and tumbling injury
respectively. The only one homicide case was an abandoned
baby thrown down from six-floor by his mother.
To sum up, this study indicated that fatal distress, asphyxia
due to amniotic fluid aspiration and pneumonia were the
main causes of death in fetus period, neonatal period and
infancy stage respectively. Presented data would be helpful
for epidemiology and clinical therapy.
Rongshuai Wang, Liang Liu, Qian Liu
Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College of
Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
KEYWORDS FORENSIC PATHOLOGY; CAUSE OF
DEATH; AMNIOTIC FLUID ASPIRATION
To determine the causes of death occurred in fetal, neonatal
period (<28 days of age) and infancy stage (28 days to 1
year of age) and provide data sources for epidemiology, 137
cases detected in Hubei Tongji Forensic Medicine Centre
(TFMC), China, during the period from 1 January 2001 to 31
December 2013, were retrospectively studied.
For each case, thorough autopsy and pathological
examination was performed. The final conclusion was
reached by comprehensive analysis of the investigation
report, clinical history, autopsy and pathological findings and
the toxicological report of the case. Some special methods,
such as special stain, virology, biochemistry and genetics
tests, were involved in some cases.
There were 32 fetal deaths, 65 neonatal (<28 days of age)
deaths and 40 infant (28 days to 1 year of age) deaths during
Jan 2001 to Dec 2013 in TFMC, comprised by 88 males
and 49 females (M : F ratio=1.8 : 1). For fetal deaths, there
were 18 males and 14 females (M : F ratio=1.3 : 1), 15 cases
(48.5%) were less than 32 weeks of gestation, and the most
common cause of fetal death was fetal distress (42.4%).
The causes of five fetal deaths were remain unknown. For
neonatal deaths, male–female ratio was 2.2 : 1 (45 : 20), the
gestations of 46 newborns (70.8%) were range from 37 weeks
to 41 weeks. The most common causes of neonatal death
were asphyxia due to amniotic fluid aspiration (21 cases)
and congenital anomalies (20 cases), including congenital
diaphragmatic hernia (6 cases) and congenital heart disease (5
cases). Causes of two neonatal deaths were remain unknown.
For infant deaths, there were 25 males and 15 females (M : F
ratio=1.7 : 1), 25 cases (25 in 39) concerned with respiratory
system diseases. Pneumonia (22 cases) was the main cause
of death in infancy. There were 4 cases diagnosed as sudden
infant death syndrome (SIDS).
As to manner of death, of the 137 cases, 131 cases were
natural deaths, 5 cases were accidental deaths and 1 case was
homicide. In accidental deaths, 2 deaths were due to asphyxia
O 35-2
396
TRENDS OF FATAL DELIBERATE SELF-HARM IN
MANIPAL, INDIA
Prashantha Bhagavath, Charan Kishore Shetty, Vikram
Palimar
Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Kasturba Medical College
Manipal, Manipal University, Manipal, India
Introduction : Suicide represents “a huge human tragedy”, out
of 1000 suicides in a day in the world, over 100 occur in the
Indian Sub-continent. In India in the span of ten years death
due to suicide increased by 62.9% involving all age groups.
Studies conducted on the aspects of suicide puts that the
suicide rates are greatly influenced by the differences in age,
sex, race, religion, culture, marital status; social systems so
on and so forth. Therefore this study is attempted to analyze
the recent trends in deliberate self-harm reported at Manipal
region of India.
Materials and Method : Present study was both prospective
(October 2010 – May 2012) and retrospective (January 1992
– October 2010) over a span of 20 years (January 1992- May
2012) conducted at the department of Forensic Medicine
at Kasturba Medical College Manipal, India. Relevant data
regarding the suicide was gathered from the autopsy files
maintained in the department of Forensic Medicine, Police
inquest reports and Hospital case records.
Result : Total 3571 cases were autopsied during this period
in the department of Forensic medicine, Kasturba medical
college, Manipal, Karnataka, out of which 656 were cases
of fatal deliberate self-harm FDSH or Suicide constituting
18.37%. The incidence of fatal deliberate self-harm (FDSH)
was more in the age group of 21-30 years and lowest in the
age group of less than 10 years and above 60 years. Males
(66.5%) outnumbered females in our study. The male female
ratio was 2 : 1. Majority of the suicide victims were married
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
(57.3%). Most of the victims of FDSH belonged to the Hindu
religion (86.95%). 75% of the decedents of FDSH didn’t
have any history of illness. 25% of the victims of FDSH
had a history of physical illness and mental illness ranging
from hypertension, diabetes, carcinoma to schizophrenia and
depression. Despair with life along with financial constraints
(79.0%) was the most common motive for the victims of
FDSH. The most common method used for FDSH was
chemical (74.2%), and oranophosphorous poisons topped the
list. The most common physical method adopted was hanging
(15.6%).
Conclusion : The finding of our study is in accordance
with various workers not only in India but studies done
worldwide.
KEYWORDS FATA L D E L I B E R AT E S E L F - H A R M ;
AUTOPSY; PSYCHIATRIC ILLNESS
(HbCO% ranging between 88,05 and 95,77), 2 people died
for cyanide intoxication (with concentrations between 5,17
and 8,85 mcg/ml), in one case there was a synergistic effect
of the two substances (carbon monoxide and cyanide). The
autopsy showed indicators of exposure to fire before death,
without traumatic injuries that could suggest a different cause
of death.
The contribution of each forensic expert in charge
was essential to solve the forensic issues, showing the
multidisciplinary and integrated approach as the key to the
solution of fire related deaths.
KEYWORDS BURNED REMAINS; FIRE VICTIMS;
IDENTIFICATION
O 35-4
THE ROLE OF THE FORENSIC PATHOLOGIST IN
INFECTIOUS EPIDEMICS
O 35-3
BURNED CORPSES AFTER FIRE IN A TEXTILE
FACTORY: IDENTIFICATION AND FORENSIC
ACTIVITIES
In December 2013, in the city of Prato a fire broke out
in a textile factory, where many Chinese workers were
employed. The firefighters recovered the charred remains
of 7 people, supposed to be workers of the factory itself. A
pool of Forensic experts (two Pathologists, an Odontologist,
a Geneticist and a Toxicologist) was appointed by the Judge
(Court) in order to identify the victims and to establish
the cause of death. The identification was carried out in
accordance with INTERPOL protocols (AM and PM
form) and in every case one of the three primer identifiers
was satisfied. The most important critical issue, often
causing mistakes in identification process and in dynamics
reconstruction, was the numeration of the corpses during the
different forensic and investigation phases (recovery of the
corpses, arrival to the morgue and afterwards to the Forensic
Science Department in Florence).
Related to the cause of death, in 4 cases the toxicological
investigations revealed very high levels of carbon monoxide
The forensic pathologist is frequently at the epicenter of
managing fatalities of man-made mass disasters. The forensic
pathologist also has a valuable role in the surveillance,
diagnosis and legal doucmentation of infectious epidemics.
This presentation will highlight the role of the forensic
pathologist in the investigation of H1N1 influenza and fungal
meningitis epidemics.
A novel H1N1 influenza A virus global epidemic emerged in
early 2009. At the request of federal, state and local health
departments, eight (8) fatalities due to suspected H1N1
infections were autopsied at the University of Michigan.
Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) and hemophagocytosis
were the most common histologic features. The latter
was observed in all fatal cases and considered a possible
biological marker of prognosis. Additional findings included
acute bronchopneumonia, pulmonary thrombi, and infarction.
The histopathological findings added to the unique clinical
findings previously described which include obesity, young
to middle age adults, male sex and thromboemboli assisted
clinicians in the assessment of patient diagnosis and survival.
In September of 2012 the Center for Disease Control
(CDC) reported cases of fungal meningitis. The origin
of the infection was determined to have resulted from
the injections of steroid injections contaminated with
the fungus Exserohilium rostratum. Southeast Michigan
was the epicenter of the reported cases. At the request of
public health agencies, the medical examiner provided case
397
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 17 (Fri)
Martina Focardi1, Francesco Mari2 , Ugo Ricci3 , Vilma
Pinchi1
1
Department of Health Sciences, Forensic Sciences Section,
University of Florence, Florence, Italy; 2Department of Health
Sciences, Division of Forensic Toxicology, University of
Florence, Florence, Italy; 3Diagnostic Genetics Unit, Azienda
Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
Jeffrey Jentzen
Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
WFF2014
surveillance and diagnostic autopsy support. In all, 14,000
patients were exposed with 722 documented infections. The
medical examiner played a key role in case surveillance
and performed autopsies on all patients with suspected
infections. Autopsies confirmed and documented infections
in eleven (11) patients, which included subdural hemorrhage,
meningitis and spinal abcesse. The medical examiner played
an essential role in the surveillance management, diagnosis,
and medicolegal doucmentation of the epidemic.
These case examples graphically illustrate the role of the
forensic pathologist in the management, diagnosis and legal
documentation of infectious epidemics. Forensic pathologist
plays an essential role in the public health surveillance of
infectious disease.
KEYWORDS I N F E C T I O U S E P I D E M I C S ; F U N G A L
MENINGITIS; H1N1 INFLUENZA
existing resources of forensic medicolegal services, mainly
on how to be prepared in handling fatalities resulting from
the this public helath concern safely and selectively. The
experience of other international colleagues in other countries
like for example China and other eastern countries in their
approach to handling SARS-CoV in 2003-2004 and other
influenza viruses would provide a good ground to build upon.
KEYWORDS
DISASTER; HAJ; INFECTION
O 35-6
FORENSIC ASPECTS OF CARBON MONOXIDE
POISONING BY CHARCOAL BURNING IN DENMARK,
2008-2012: AN AUTOPSY BASED STUDY
Alexandra Gheorghe, Martin Rune Christiensen
The Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Health
Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
O 35-5
THE EXPERIENCE OF THE SAUDI FORENSIC
MEDICOLEGAL SERVICE IN MASS DISASTER
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 17 (Fri)
Khalid Jaber
Ministry of Health, Directorate of Forensic Centers, Riyadh,
Saudi Arabia
the kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a pivotalm region in Islam.
Every year in excess of two millions people gather intensely
in a narrow geographic area around the holy city of Mekkah
to perform the Haj. The international visitors come from all
over the world with varying background of health standards
and public health awareness. The local and the international
visitors also gather almost two months before the Haj week
and many stay behind over for about a month. The swell
of population on top of existing rising population puts the
mass prepardeness of the forensic medicolegal service in a
unique situation. Although natural diseases’ fatalities in Haj
account for a considerable portion of the Haj forensic centre
work load due to existing diseases, hyperthermia, fatigue
and exhaustion, dehydration, but accidents form a major and
significnat concern due to crowding, access to accident area
propmtly, evacuation of injured or dead, rapidity of response,
post mortem identifications, post mortem examinations,
grifing procedure and repatriation issues are uniquely
challanging.
In addition Saudi Arabia has recently experienced reporting
large number of cases referred to as Middle Eaastern
Rrespiratory Syndrome-Corona Virus infection (MERSCoV), and this adds an additional challange dimension on
398
Carbon monoxide (CO) inhalation is a well-known method
of committing suicide. There has been a drastic increase in
suicide by inhalation of CO, produced from burning charcoal
in some parts of Asia and few studies have reported an
increased number of these deaths in Europe. CO – related
deaths caused by charcoal burning have, to our knowledge,
not been determined in the Danish population before. In this
retrospective study we present all autopsied cases of CO
poisoning caused by charcoal burning in the period 2008 –
2012. We identified 19 autopsied cases and these represent 11
suicides, 4 accidents and 2 cases of maternal/paternal filicidesuicide. The mean age was 38.2 years and the majority of
the decedents were men. In 16 cases carboxyhemoglobin
(COHb) levels were above 50% and in 14 cases we found
distinctive cherry red livor mortis. Various concentrations
of ethanol and drugs were found in 9 cases. Data suggest
that this method has seen a significant increase in Denmark.
Therefore, it is highly relevant to elicit attention to the
subject, as well as prevent future escalation.
CARBON MONOXIDE POISONING;
CHARCOAL BURNING; SUICIDE
KEYWORDS
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
ORAL PRESENTATION 36
OTHERS
O 36-3
THE PRESENT SITUATION ANALYSIS AND
THOUGHTS AND SUGGESTIONS ON REVITALIZING
CHINESE FORENSIC MEDICINE
Xinshan Chen
Department of Forensic Pathology, Huazhong University of
Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
FORENSIC MEDICINE SYSTEM; FORENSIC
MEDICINE EDUCATION; CHINA
KEYWORDS
O 36-4
PUPIL FUNCTION AS AN INDICATOR FOR BEING
UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF CENTRAL NERVOUS
ACTING SUBSTANCES FROM A TRAFFIC-MEDICINE
PERSPECTIVE
Fabio Monticelli1, Fritz Priemer2 , Ulrich Preiss3 , Michael
Böttcher4 , Thomas Kellerr1
1
Forensic Medicine, Paris Lodron University, Salzburg,
Austria; 2Institute of Forensic Expert Reports, University
Nürtingen-Geislingen, München, Germany; 3Forensic Medicine,
Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Oldenburg, Germany;
4
MVZ, Labor Dessau, Dessau-Rosslau, Germany
More objective measurement methods are still required to
evaluate an individual´s driving safety. The applicability
and value of infrared pupillography as an objective
measurement method to indicate possible influence of central
nervous acting substances has been demonstrated in former
publications. Healthy test subjects (n=41), as well as persons
who were under the influence of drugs and/or medication
(n=105), were exposed to different light stimuli using
infrared technology in order to demonstrate the relevance of
399
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 17 (Fri)
China is a great developing country and has become the
world’s second largest economic entity, which also has a
long, glorious and brilliant history of forensic medicine (FM).
As China has different educational and judicial systems
compared with the western countries and some shortcomings
presently, however, FM has a low status and influence
worldwide, which should be reformed and revitalized.
The main problems existed currently : ① Structure defects.
There are a lot of departments of FM in a city or district
with medicolegal personnel dispersed, especially too much
clinic of clinical forensic medicine (CFM) in almost every
province and county, and some injury cases having different
conclusions after being identified several times. ② The
development of FM in different places are unbalanced and the
personnel qualities are intermingled. Most of medicaolegal
workers come directly from high schools and learned
medicine and FM for 5 years in different universities or
colleges, only a small part of them further to learn three years
or 5-6 years to get master’s or doctoral degree respectively.
③ Continuing education. The nation lacks systematic and
comprehensive programs and corresponding regulation, and
no time and money guarantee. Some departments are laying
stress on use but training. ④ Insufficiency on scientific
research and academic exchange. The science research
achievements of FM have a large gap compared with the
world’s advanced countries, and there are a few high-impact
research results. Less participation attended the international
academic conferences. Almost no representative in foreign
country attended Chinese academic conferences of FM at
their own expense. ⑤ Medicaolegal identification quality of
some cases were not good. E.g. the identification quality of
CFM of partial private identification clinics or institutes was
lower. Some autopsies for the first time in the basic level units
existed non-standard operation, conclusion errors or other
relative problems.
Some thoughts and suggestions on revitalizing Chinese
forensic medicine : ① To reform the system of FM : relative
national departments should be as soon as possible to
investigate and research in order to probe a new system of
FM which suits China’s national conditions and international
convention, especially in rationalizing organizations and
attribution of FM. For example, to establish several national
centers of FM in different large areas of China and some
provincial or city’s centers or institutes of medicolegal
identification in every province or large city by breaking
administrative constraints and assembling different
department and institutes,. It is not necessary to set up a
medicolegal identification institute in each county and
it should be combined optimally or even canceled some
private institutes of FM. ② To perform carefully professional
standards of FM and promote autopsy legislation. “The
Autopsy Rules” of the Ministry of Health in 1979 should
be revised into a national law. ③ To strengthen scientific
research, continuing education and international academic
exchanges in order to enhance the quality of medicolegal
staff and the quality of medicolegal identification. To
sponsor actively the international academic conference such
as International Association of Forensic Science and other
professional meetings.
WFF2014
specific parameters of the pupillary light reflex in the field
of traffic medicine. Based on former reported results the
statistical examination was extended to further parameters
of the pupillary light reflex, which proved once again the
high value of infrared pupillography as a reliable indicator
of previous consumption of drugs and/or medication. In
our opinion this method is a good addition to regular traffic
controls in order to improve the clinical step of the evaluation
of roadworthiness.
KEYWORDS ROADWORTHINESS; PUPILLOGRAPHY;
TOXIKOLOGY
O 36-5
BODIES IN PARCELS
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 17 (Fri)
Fawzi Benomran
Forensic Medicne, Dubai Police/ Dubai Medical College,
Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Suspicious methods of body disposal almost always point out
to a criminal manner of death. The discovery of an adult body
in a parcel; whether thrown in a rubbish dumpster, submerged
in water, burned by fire, thrown away in the desert or simply
left out in an alleyway, is a strong indication of homicide.
Ten of such parcels have been investigated by the author.
The bodies found in the parcels had either been intact and
complete, dismembered but complete or dismembered and
incomplete. The parcels ranged from suitcases, sacs, metal
trunks and cardboard boxes. This series did not include cases
of infanticide where bodies of illegitimate newly born infants
were occasionally found dumped in various forms of parcels.
The cause of death ranged from strangulation, stabbing,
smothering and blunt trauma to the head.
In only one case of the series had the death not been
homicidal, but had nevertheless involved a criminal
circumstance. It was a corpse of a body packer who had
ingested 50 capsules of pure heroin and died accidentally due
to leakage of the substance inside his alimentary tract.
Each of the 10 cases will be briefly presented and discussed.
Photographs from the scene and from the autopsy room will
be displayed and explained.
KEYWORDS BODIES IN PARCELS; SUSPICIOUS BODY
DISPOSAL; HOMICIDE IN DUBAI
O 36-6
HOMICIDE PATTERNS AND MOTIVES IN HATAY
TURKEY
Cem Zeren, Ibrahim Ortanca, Adnan Celikel, Sumeyra
Demirkiran, M. Mustafa Arslan
Forensic Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Medical Faculty,
Hatay, Turkey
Background : Homicide patterns vary from country to
country even city to city and include many different features.
These are method of killing, genders and ages of victims and
perpetrator. Additionally motives of the homicides are also
an important issue while approaching to this topic. We aim
to determine homicide patterns and motives in our province
and discuss them with previous national and international
studies. Methods : We collected our data from the crime court
records of Hatay province of Turkey concluded between
2009 and 2013 and analyzed them by Microsoft Excel
Software. Results : 81 homicides were committed in 5 years.
Average age of victims is 34.2 years and 82.9% (n : 68) of
them are male, 17.1% (n : 14) are female. Average age of
perpetrators are 32,6 years and 94,4% (n : 85) of them are
male, 5.6% (n : 5) are female. Most common motivation of
homicide is economical reasons 25.9(%). It is followed by
partner homicides (12.4%) whose victim is almost always
women. Discussion : In concordance with world data male
perpetrators far outnumber females in our group and most
frequent victims are also men. Women are mostly victims
of partner homicides which is a common problem globally.
Most common motive of killing that varies among societies is
economical reasons in our group.
KEYWORDS
HOMICIDE; MOTIVES; PARTNER HOMICIDES
ORAL PRESENTATION 37
FORENSIC GENETICS & BIOLOGY (GB): NGS /
KINSHIP
O 37-1
SECOND GENERATION SEQUENCING OF FORENSIC
GENETIC STR MARKERS
Niels Morling, Borsting C, Fordyce SL, Mogensen HS,
Rockenbauer E.
Section of Forensic Genetics, Department of Forensic Medicine,
Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of
400
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
Copenhagen, Denmark
Second-generation sequencing (SGS) using Thermo Fisher
PGM, Roche/454 and Illumina platforms has proved capable
of sequencing the majority of the key forensic genetic STR
systems. There are currently several challenges faced with
amplicon-based SGS STR typing in forensic genetics,
including the lengths of amplicons for CE-typing and lack of
uniform data analysis between laboratories. Thermo Fisher
has designed a human identification (HID) short tandem
repeat (STR) 10-plex panel including amelogenin, CSF1PO,
D16S539, D3S1358, D5S818, D7S820, D8S1179, TH01,
TPOX and vWA, where the primers have been designed
specifically for the purpose of SGS and the data analysis is
supported by Ion Torrent™ software. Hence, the combination
of the STR 10-plex and the Ion PGM™ represents the first
fully integrated SGS STR typing solution from PCR to data
analysis. Full profiles were seen with DNA input down to
50pg, with the exception of a single locus drop-out in one of
the 100pg dilutions. Mixtures were investigated in ratios of
DNA down to 20 : 1. We have designed SGS investigations of
long, complex and compound STRs by use of the Roche 454
technology. These results will be presented together with the
PGM data.
KEYWORDS SECOND GENERATION SEQUENCING; STR;
FORENSIC GENETICS
exhibit broad dynamic ranges and high sensitivity, enabling
analysis of DNA samples with high mixture ratios. Whereas
in conventional STR typing systems, the minor DNA
component can be detectable generally if it is comprised
of 10% or more of the total extracted DNA. Much like CE,
NGS STR assays are compatible with miniSTR primer
designs to increase success rate of analyzing degraded DNA
samples, while simultaneously sequencing hundreds of
loci. In addition, NGS technology is able to detect sequence
variation of alleles with the same repeat length and therefore,
increasing likelihood of discordant genotype calls between
individuals. In this presentation, we describe the development
of new NGS STR assays by leveraging Ion Library
Preparation and PGM sequencing chemistries. We evaluate
the efficacy of the NGS STR typing system combined with
the Quantifiler ® Trio Real-Time PCR Kit to determine
assay sensitivity and the range of mixed DNA ratios within
which positive detection and accurate genotyping of a minor
contributor DNA could be obtained. We also discuss the
findings of sequence variations of same-length alleles with
NGS STR assays from in-house population studies. Our
results demonstrate that significant efficiencies of degraded
DNA sample processing can be achieved by leveraging
short amplicon designs in multiplexing PCR, a robust Ion
library preparation workflow in combination with new Ion
PGM sequencing chemistries and STR analysis plugins. The
information gained from this study will provide the necessary
foundation for utilizing NGS technologies in forensic DNA
analysis.
FORENSIC ADVANTAGES OF NEXT-GENERATION
SEQUENCING TECHNOLOGY FOR STR GENOTYPING
USING THE PERSONAL ION GENOME MACHINE
KEYWORDS
NGS; DNA; STR
O 37-3
Joseph Chang, Chien-Wei Chang, Robert Lagace, Reina
Langit, Narasimhan Rajagopalan, Sharon Wootton
Human Identification, Thermo Fisher Scientific, South San
Francisco, California, United States
Recent advances in next generation sequencing (NGS)
Technology is opening up new doors to forensic casework
sample analysis. STR assays on a NGS platform provide
valuable tools for analyzing challenging forensic DNA
samples as they have additional characteristics that are not
obtainable with conventional Capillary Electrophoresis
(CE) STR assays. First, a combination of a low DNA
input requirement and high multiplex capability of NGS
STR assays allow analysts to efficiently recover genotype
information from limited amounts of available DNA.
Coupled with Ion library prep workflows, NGS STR assays
MASSIVE SEQUENCE ANALYSIS OF FORENSIC STR
LOCI USING NEXT GENERATION SEQUENCING AND
ITS APPLICATION TO MIXTURE ANALYSIS
Eun Hye Kim, In Seok Yang, Sang-Eun Jung, Hwan Young
Lee, Woo Ick Yang, Kyoung-Jin Shin
Department of Forensic Medicine, Yonsei University College of
Medicine, Seoul, Korea (South)
Next generation sequencing (NGS) technology which can
produce massive sequencing data is expected to become
an alternative or an additional approach to overcome the
limitation of capillary electrophoresis (CE)-based forensic
STR typing, especially in the analyses of mixed samples.
However, there has been no available multiplex PCR system
that is optimized for NGS analysis of STRs. In this regard, we
401
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 17 (Fri)
O 37-2
WFF2014
constructed a new multiplex PCR system for NGS analysis
of STRs, which composed of 18 markers that include 13 loci
in the CODIS, 4 loci of commonly used commercial kits
(D2S1338, D19S433, Penta D and Penta E) and Amelogenin.
Amplicons were designed to have a size ranging 70 to 210
bp, which is compatible with the read length of currently
available NGS platforms and is helpful for the analysis of
degraded DNA. To validate the multiplex PCR system, PCR
products were generated from single-source samples and the
samples mixed in varying ratios, and subsequent barcoded
library was prepared and sequenced on a benchtop sequencer,
MiSeq system (Illumina). STR genotyping results obtained
from NGS analysis were consistent with those from CEbased analyses both for single-source samples and mixed
samples. Sequence variations which can help differentiation
of alleles from different sources were also detected in some
STR loci of two standard DNA and 10 Korean samples.
Therefore, the NGS analysis of STRs using the developed
multiplex PCR system could be successfully used with mixed
samples as well as with single source samples in forensic
casework.
KEYWORDS N E X T G E N E R AT I O N S E Q U E N C I N G ;
FORENSIC STR TYPING; MIXTURE ANALYSIS
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 17 (Fri)
O 37-4
APPLICATION OF THE NUMBER OF ALLELES
IDENTICAL BY STATE AND DISCRIMINANT
FUNCTIONS IN FULL SIBLING IDENTIFICATION
Li Yuan1, Xu Xu1, He Ren2 , Chong Chen3 , Yan Shi3 , Di Lu1
1
Key Laboratory of Evidence Science of Ministry of Education
& Collaborative Innovation Center of Judicial Civilization,
China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing, China;
2
Department of Public Security Science and Technology,
Beijing Police College, Beijing, China; 3DNA, Beijing Tongda
Shoucheng Institute of Forensic Science, Beijing, China
Objective This paper attempts to formulate and discuss
the method of full sibling test by discriminant functions of
the number of alleles identical, and examine the effects of
different loci test number on the identification results.
Methods 344 full sibling (FS) pairs and 3693 unrelated
individual (UI) pairs were genotyped in 19(D8S1179,
D21S11, D7S820, CSF1P0, D3S1358, TH01, D13S317,
D16S539, vWA, TPOX, D18S51, D5S818, FGA, D19S433,
D2S1338, D6S1043, PentaD, PentaE and D12S391),21(19
STRs+D2S441+D10S1248) and 39 (21 STRs+ D6S474,
D12ATA63, D22S1045, D1S1677, D11S4463, D1S1627,
402
D3S4529, D6S1017, D4S2408, D17S1301, D1GATA113,
D18S853, D20S482, D14S1434, D9S1122, D2S1776,
D10S1435 and D5S2500) STR loci combination, statistical
analysis of the number of alleles identical was carried out,
and the discriminant functions and posterior probability of
full sib-unrelated individuals were built by using the analytic
method of Fisher discriminant in SPSS software.
Results In the three STR combinations, frequency of
identical alleles in 344 pair of FS and 3693 pair of UI
were normally distributed. In each combination, two
distribution curves cross, but the cross area decreases
with the increase of loci. There existed significant
difference in the number of alleles identical between FS
pairs and UI pairs in the three combinations. By virtue of
SPSS19 and fisher discriminant analysis, this paper set up
discriminant function of the number of gens from the three
combinations with the discriminant rule L (S)=max[LFS
(S), LUI (S)], namely, summing up matching individual
categories as larger L value group through discriminant
function formula. The discriminant functions of 19, 21,
and 39 STR loci in FS groups were LFS=3.336×S19
-40.484, LFS=3.452×S21-46.289, LFS=3.368×S39-84.891,
respectively, in UI groups were LUI=1.675×S19-10.725,
LUI=1.758×S21-12.523, LUI=1.873×S39-26.738,
respectively. The average error rates on 19,21, and 39 STR
loci in FS and UI groups were 2.060%, 1.705%, and 0.425%.
When 344 pairs of FS and 3693 pairs of UI test 19, 21, and 39
autosomal STR loci, UI gave 22, 23, and 42 alleles identical
in maximum while 15,16, and 37 alleles identical were
shared between sibling in minimum. If giving the threshold
of opinion as “<15, >22”, “<16, >23” and “<37, >42”, the
detection system efficiency was about 0.75, 0.81, and 0.99
respectively.
Conclusion The method of discriminant analysis of the
number of alleles identical had a significant application value
in FS-UI test. The more the number of testing loci, the more
conducive to FS test.
KEYWORDS FULL SIBLING; DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS;
ALLELES IDENTICAL BY STATE
O 37-5
COMPLEX KINSHIP ANALYSIS BY MULTIGENOTYPING SYSTEM AND IBS SCORE
Yan Liu, Zhen-Min Zhao
Forensic Biology, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of
Justice, Shanghai, China
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
KEYWORDS COMPLEX KINSHIP; FULL SIB; STR
GENOTYPE
case where the false mother and the child have at least one
allele shared at autosomal 46 STR loci. METHOD : 19
autosomal STR loci were amplified using the AmpFlSTR®
SinofilerTM kit and PowerPlex®16 System. An additional
27 autosomal STR loci were analyzed using two domestic
kits AGCU 21+1 and STRtyper-10G. Further testing of
24 X-STR loci, 40 SNP loci and mtDNA was carried out.
Particularly, 24 X-STR loci were amplified using Mentype®
Argus X-8 kit and an in-house kit Xplex-16. mtDNA
HV1 and HV2 were amplified using primer pairs L16047/
H16464, L29/H408 respectively and the PCR products were
sequenced. Additionally, SNP assay was carried out using
PLEX-ID system. RESULTS : The alleged mother and the
boy shared at least one allele at all 46 tested autosomal STR
loci. But, according to the profile data for 24 X-STR and 40
SNP markers, different genotypes at 13 X-STR loci and five
SNP loci excluded maternity. Mitochondrial profiles also
clearly excluded mother as a parent of the son because they
have multiple differences. It was finally found that the alleged
mother is the sister of the biological father. CONCLUSIONS
: Different kinds of genetic markers needfully supplement the
use of autosomal STR loci in case where the alleged parent is
suspected to be related to the true parent.
KEYWORDS
X-STR; SNP; MATERNITY TESTING
ORAL PRESENTATION 38
FINGERPRINT / SCENE INVESTIGATION (FPR/SI):
FINGERPRINT
O 38-1
O 37-6
SNP AND X-STR AND MTDNA ANALYSIS IN
MATERNITY TESTING WHEN THE FALSE MOTHER
CAN NOT BE EXCLUDED BY 46 STRS GENOTYPING
Li Li1, Yuan Lin1, Yan Liu1, Suhua Zhang1, Chengtao Li1,
Shumin Zhao 1, Yacheng Liu2
1
Department of Forensic Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory
of Forensic Medicine, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry
of Justice, Shanghai, China; 2Department of Forensic Biology,
Institute of Forensic Science, Beijing Pubic Security Bureau,
Beijing, China
OBJECTIVE : To reach an accurate conclusion, SNP, X-STR
and mtDNA analysis was applied to an extreme maternity
LATENT FINGERMARK DETECTION
TECHNIQUES: TOWARDS A MORE FUNDAMENTAL
UNDERSTANDING THROUGH MICROSCOPIC
OBSERVATIONS OF THE FINGERMARK RESIDUE
Sebastien Moret1, Xanthe Spindler1, Chris Lennard2 , Claude
Roux1
1
Centre for Forensic Science, University of Technology, Sydney,
Australia; 2Forensic Science, University of Western Sydney,
Richmond, Australia
After more than a century of active research, a large
number of effective fingermark detection techniques have
been developed, targeting the various components of the
fingermark residue. However, due to the great complexity
of the fingermark itself and to the various parameters
403
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 17 (Fri)
When a sample of alleged father is not available in a forensic
paternity test, the other relative reference sample such as the
sample from his full sibs would have to be used to conjecture
the absent genetic constitution by the basis of genetic laws.
Analysis of multi-genotyping system with identity by
state (IBS) Score would help to screen eligible reference
samples and identify individual’s genetic relationship on
such a tiresome case. A man died in a traffic accident and
was cremated after all compensation was pay off. Shortly
afterwards an alleged daughter of the dead and her mother
claimed for inheritance benefits and was immediately denied
by the family members of the unmarried dead man due to
suspicious identity of the alleged daughter. Appealed court
ordered a DNA test in which the full sibs of the deceased
putative father were involved so as to reconstruct their
deceased parental genetic data that will be used comparing
with the alleged daughter’s for a kinship test of grandparents
and grandchild. From eight alleged full sibs, three males
were screened out according to the results of autosomal STR
genotyping using Goldeneye 20A kit and identity by state
(IBS) score because of ineligible mark and were revealed
by the results of Y-Chromosome and X-Chromosome STR
genotyping that although they have no identical paternal line
but have matching data with the others inherited from a same
mother’s. when calculating likelihood ratio (LR) of kinship
of grandparent and grandchild, the probability of a hereditary
allele, which may not be reconstructed due to full sibs’ data
overlap, was assigned on the hypothesis of “against positive
result” so that the proposition put forward by the alleged
daughter will be confirmed by strict standard.
WFF2014
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 17 (Fri)
affecting their physical, physico-chemical and chemical
properties; their detection still represents a challenge for
forensic scientists. It has been estimated that 50% of marks
on porous substrates remain undetected (Jaber et al., 2012).
This is partly due to the fact that detection techniques have
usually been developed with a strong focus on the results
rather than on a detailed understanding of the mechanisms
involved. This approach has led to the development of very
efficient detection techniques, but also to some misleading
assumptions regarding associated working principles.
Undetected fingermarks or background staining can remain
unexplained. Moreover, very little is understood regarding
the fingermark residue itself. Extended literature on the
chemical composition of the fingermark secretions exists
(Ramotowski, 2001 ; Girod et al., 2012), but the physical
behaviour of the deposit itself remains largely unknown.
This study focuses on the fingermark deposit prior to the
application of any detection techniques. Light microscopy
(bright field, dark field, cross-polarization, phase contrast)
and scanning electron microscopy are used conjointly
to study the physical properties of fingermarks. Several
parameters (e.g. age of the mark, type and amount of
secretion, donor, substrates, and environmental factors) are
considered to determine their influence on the characteristics
of the fingermark.
References
Girod A., Ramotowski R., Weyermann C. (2012), Composition
of fingermark residue : A qualitative and quantitative review,
Forensic Science International, 223, 10-24.
Jaber N., Lesniewski A., Gabizon H., Shenawi S., Mandler
D., Almog J. (2012), Visualization of latent fingermarks
by nanotechnology : Reversed development on paper—a
remedy to the variation in sweat composition, Angewandte
Chemie International Edition, 51, 12224-12227.
Ramotowski R. S. (2001), Composition of a latent print
residue, In : Advances in fingerprint technology, 2nd ed., Lee,
H. C., Gaensslen, R. E., Eds., CRC Press : Boca Raton, FL;
pp 63-104.
KEYWORDS
DETECTION; MICROSCOPIC; FUNDAMENTAL
O 38-2
FINGERMARK DETECTION USING
FUNCTIONALIZED SILICON OXIDE
NANOPARTICLES
Sebastien Moret1, Andy Becue2 , Claude Roux1, Christophe
Champod2
404
Centre for Forensic Science, University of Technology, Sydney,
Australia; 2Ecole Des Sciences Criminelles, University of
Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
1
Nanoparticles are promising and effective tools for
fingermark detection due to key elements, such as a small
size, extended surface abilities and tunable optical properties.
For these reasons, it currently constitutes a very active field
of research (Bécue and Cantú, 2012). Nanoparticles can be
applied either as dried powder or in suspension in water or
in an organic solvent, in which the item is immersed. While
powdering mostly relies on physical processes, the use of
a suspension promotes physico-chemical and chemical
interactions with the residue, leading to a greater sensitivity
and selectivity. Various types of nanoparticles can be applied
in that way; including gold (Bécue et al., 2012), silver (Cantú,
2001), metal oxide (Choi et al., 2008) or even semiconductor
nanoparticles (Bécue et al., 2009 ; Moret et al., 2013).
Despite the results obtained so far, metallic and metal oxide
nanoparticle are not, or only weakly luminescent, while
strongly luminescent semiconductor nanoparticles (such
as quantum dots) may be difficult to functionalise without
compromising their optical properties, making them unlikely
candidates for further research in the field.
This study presents the synthesis and subsequent application
of silicon oxide nanoparticles to detect fingermarks on nonporous substrates. Silicon oxide nanoparticles offer several
advantages over the above-presented nanoparticles : first,
they have versatile surface modification abilities. Various
functional groups can indeed be grafted onto their surface
during the synthesis. This property offers an opportunity to
selectively target some of the numerous components that
can be found in the secretion residue. Second, their optical
properties can be tuned at will by introducing any dye in their
inner structure. Luminescence properties can thus be adjusted
to fulfill forensic optical requirements. The preliminary
results obtained with silicon oxide nanoparticles applied to
fingermark detection are presented.
References
Bécue A., Cantú A. A. (2012), Fingermark detection
using nanoparticles, In : Lee and Gaensslen’s advances in
fingerprint technology, 3rd ed., Ramotowski, R. S., Ed., CRC
Press LLC; pp 307-379.
Bécue A., Moret S., Champod C., Margot P. (2009), Use of
quantum dots in aqueous solution to detect blood fingermarks
on non-porous surfaces, Forensic Science International, 191,
36-41.
Bécue A., Scoundrianos A., Moret S. (2012), Detection of
fingermarks by colloidal gold (MMD/SMD) - beyond the pH
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
3 limit, Forensic Science International, 219, 39-49.
Cantú A. A. (2001), Silver physical developers for the
visualization of latent prints on paper, Forensic Science
Review, 13, 29-64.
Choi M. J., McDonagh A. M., Maynard P., Roux C. (2008),
Metal-containing nanoparticles and nano-structured particles
in fingermark detection, Forensic Science International, 179,
87-97.
Moret S., Bécue A., Champod C. (2013), Cadmium-free
quantum dots in aqueous solution : Potential for fingermark
detection, synthesis and an application to the detection of
fingermarks in blood on non-porous surfaces, Forensic
Science International, 224, 101-110.
KEYWORDS
NANOPARTICLES; SENSITIVITY; LUMINESCENCE
O 38-4
THE HOME OFFICE FINGERMARK VISUALISATION
MANUAL
Rory Downham
Chemistry / Forensics, Home Office Centre for Applied Science
and Technology, St Albans, United Kingdom
FINGERMARK; FINGERPRINT; MANUAL
O 38-5
SINGLE- AND MULTI-TARGET IMMUNOGENIC
REAGENTS FOR THE DETECTION OF LATENT
FINGERMARKS: FIRST STEPS TOWARDS A
UNIVERSAL REAGENT
Xanthe Spindler1, Reasmey Tith1, Oliver Hofstetter2 , Chris
Lennard3 , Claude Roux1
1
Centre for Forensic Science, University of Technology, Sydney,
Ultimo, Australia; 2Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
Northern Illinois University, Dekalb, United States; 3Forensic
Science, School of Science and Health, University of Western
Sydney, Richmond, Australia
The methods currently used for latent fingermark detection
in casework fall into three categories – physical, physicochemical and chemical methods – with the specificity for
targeting fingermark components rather than the substrate
typically increasing from physical through to chemical
techniques. While current techniques continue to produce
suitable results in the majority of cases, the introduction
of recycled and difficult (textured, multi-coloured or
security-printed) surfaces has limited the effectiveness of
some long-standing methods. Furthermore, most of the
current enhancement techniques implemented in forensic
workflows produce the best results on fresh fingermarks,
with effectiveness rapidly decreasing with latent mark age.
An emerging class of fingermark enhancement techniques
within the research sphere is biochemical or immunogenic
reagents. These reagents, based on aptamers or antibodies
to specific components within latent fingermark secretions
coupled to a chemical visualisation aid, are sensitive to weak
and aged fingermarks that are poorly enhanced by current
techniques. Such reagents can be designed to detect natural or
contaminating substances, and are highly adaptable.
The research presented in this paper discusses the
development and validation of a variety of single- and multitarget (or multiplexed) antibody and aptamer-based reagents
designed to detect natural latent fingermarks and latent marks
contaminated with body fluids deposited on non-porous,
semi-porous and porous substrates. Finally, a preliminary
assessment of the compatibility of the immunogenic
reagents with current forensic examination workflows (e.g.,
incorporating forensic DNA profiling) will be presented and
discussed.
KEYWORDS
LATENT FINGERMARK; DETECTION;
405
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 17 (Fri)
The Home Office have conducted research into fingermark
enhancement for 40+ years. This research feeds into the
Manual of Fingerprint Development Techniques, first
published in 1986, and updated in 1998. Significant advances
in the processes available and the regulatory landscape
(e.g. the adoption of ISO 17025 by mark enhancement
laboratories) have made another significant revision
necessary. The Fingermark Visualisation Manual, published
in January 2014, has been produced to address these issues
and to place fingermark enhancement and imaging at the
forefront of crime investigation in the 21st century. The
presentation will introduce the electronic, interactive format
of the new Manual and its key themes of competence and
communication between forensic practitioners. It will be
shown how the ~1000 pages and images contained in the
Manual can be used to train and build the competence of
practitioners, and in the planning of laboratory facilities.
It will also show how the gathering of information about
the fingermark, the surface and the environment they
have been exposed to can be used in the selection of the
most appropriate enhancement processes and processing
sequences. The Manual also looks to the future and
contains information about emerging processes and test
methodologies for their future implementation.
KEYWORDS
WFF2014
IMMUNOGENIC
of Desio and Vimercate, Desio, Italy; 3None, Private Practice,
Roma, Italy
O 38-6
A scientific analysis of the phenomenon of dental litigation
should be performed collecting and estimating data coming
from the different professional environments (private,
public) taking into account the different ways of solution of
the disputes (judicial and extra-judicial). Given the scarcity
of data, the common opinion is that dental litigations are
increasing so much that an alarm is generated within the
profession. The aim of the present research is to give a
scientific representation of the dimension of dental litigation,
analyzing the most important features of the litigations
(incidence by discipline, compensations) in the different
contexts : private practice, public service; judicial and extrajudicial.
Materials and Methods : Data related to dental litigations
have been collected from:
1. private practice and insurance companies sector, collecting
data coming from ANDI (Italian National Dental
Association) between 2002 and 2012 (12,000 subscriptions
in 2012).
2. dental public service, analyzing data 2008-2012 coming
from an Italian Hospital, which provides 250,000 dental
treatments/year.
3. judiciary system, analyzing court settlements of the Civil
Court of Rome (2007 – 2013).
Results : The number of disputes treated in the insurance
context and related to private practice shows fluctuations
from 2.6% (2002) to 4.6% (2012). In the public field, the
incidence of the litigations is 0.16% in 2008 and 0.40%
in 2012, with an higher rate of specious disputes in 2012.
Between 2007-2012, the court settlements related to dental
malpractice halved (4%) respect to the period 2001-2008
(9.5%). Prosthodontics and implantology are the dental
specialties more affected by litigation.
Conclusions : Dental litigation presents a very low incidence
ratio, which is between 1 : 500 and 1 : 1250 of all dental
patients. The technical error is the main cause of litigation,
while disputes related to the breach of information duty are
residual (< 3%). Dental treatment is generally carried out
in many visits, therefore mostly the doctor gives a proper
information to the patient. The dentist succumbs in the
dispute with the patient in the 80-95% of cases, mainly
because in civil proceedings the burden of proof bears on
dentists and that even a simple documentary lack can lead to
an unfavorable outcome. In one third of court trials dentists
have no insurance policy. The compensated sums appear on
average larger at the outcome of a judicial procedure (mean
> 20.000 euros) than after an out of court management of
THE RESEARCH OF EXTRACTING FINGERPRINTS
ON MULTICOLOR BACKGROUND BY USING
THE SPECTRAL IMAGING AND DIGITAL IMAGE
PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
Dan Wang
Audio-Visual Material Inspection Technology Department,
National Police University of China, Shenyang, China
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 17 (Fri)
The research is to extracting the red paint fingerprint on EMS
postal express envelope, paper compared the results of the
spectral imaging and digital image processing technology.
It describes the process in the application of complicated
fingerprint extraction. Although the fingerprint with good
condition, there is interference by design chromatic stripe and
red, yellow, and blue white color background, it increases
the level of difficulties of the extraction work. Using
digital image processing techniques and spectral imaging
examination, a more satisfactory result can be obtained. In
the paper each processing step with detailed instruction, to
analyze the similarities and differences between two different
methods and analysis of the advantages of each method, and
provide to make a greater contribution for further similar
case.
EMS ENVELOPE; RED PAINT FINGERPRINT;
T H E S P E C T R A L I M A G I N G ; D I G I TA L I M A G E
PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
KEYWORDS
ORAL PRESENTATION 39
FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY (OD):
FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY AND JUDICIAL
NEEDS
O 39-1
DENTAL LITIGATION: THE PHENOMENON IN ITS
REALITY
Vilma Pinchi1, Stefano Garatti2 , Francesco Pradella1, Giulia
Vitale1, Marco Scarpelli1, Valerio Tinozzi3 , Gianaristide
Norelli1
1
Department of Forensic Medical Sciences, University of
Firenze, Firenze, Italy; 2Clinical Supervision Office, Hospital
406
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
the dispute and therefore, when the professional error is
evident, the insistence in the dispute implies higher expenses
as well as significant prolongation of time and emotional
stress for all parties. The results of the present research
indicates that litigations are not increasing neither in the
judicial nor in the out of court/insurance context, nor for the
number of cases or for the amount of compensations, either
in the private practice or in the public service. The alarmist
tone sometime used in the field of dental malpractice is not
scientifically supported and should be avoided not to damage
the professional image and confidence in preventing claim
otherwise the risk of defensive dentistry could increase.
KEYWORDS PROFESSIONAL LIABILITY; LITIGATION;
NEGLIGENCE
O 39-2
DEVELOPMENT OF AN AUTOMATED SOFTWARE TO
CALCULATE TOOTH-PULP VOLUME RATIO FROM
CONE BEAM COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY AND ITS
POSSIBLE APPLICATION TO AGE ESTIMATION
Hoon-Ki Lee1, Sang-Seob Lee2 , Jong-Il Yun1, Jeong-Yun Lee1
1
Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Diagnosis, Seoul
National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea (South);
2
Division of Forensic Odontology, National Forensic Service,
Wonju, Korea (South)
TOOTH-PULP VOLUME RATIO; AGE
ESTIMATION; AUTOMATED 3D IMAGE PROCESSING
KEYWORDS
O 39-3
AGE ESTIMATION IN DOWN SYNDROME SUBJECTS
Laura Farese2 , Stefano Garatti2 , Vilma Pinchi1, Fabio
Brusamolino2
1
Forensic Odontology, University of Florence, Milan, Italy;
2
Special Dentistry Clinic, Desio and Vimercate Hospital, Milan,
Italy
Background : Down syndrome (DS) is the most well known
and common chromosomal disorder in humans. Recent birth
statistics in the United States show an increasing prevalence,
currently observed at 11.8 per 10,000 births. The dental
eruption timing in DS children is supposed to be different
from non-syndromic individuals, many authors stated that the
eruption of primary and permanent teeth is delayed and that
the primary teeth not always had their complete formation
before the age of 5 years. Female individuals are more
delayed than male.
Nowadays the importance of age estimation is increasing
because of immigration and adoption reasons. Determining
a child’s chronological age and stage of maturation is
particularly important in forensic and anthropological
fields particularly when only immature skeletal remains
are available, or for ethical reasons when many babies
with anomalies are abandoned without birth documents in
407
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 17 (Fri)
Tooth is one of the most valuable tissues for the forensic
purpose because of its mechanical, chemical and
physiological stability over time comparing other forensic
specimen. Its own physical and biological properties have
been used for identification or age estimation in living
individuals as well as dead bodies, while its hard tissue
provides a protective shell for DNA inside of it in the body
from harsh environment.
The decrease of pulp cavity of the tooth by deposition of
secondary dentin with aging is one of the properties of the
tooth tested the most frequently for age estimation. Various
methods using tooth-pulp ratio have been developed and
presented based on sectional specimen or two-dimensional or
three-dimensional radiographic images. However the results
are not consistent yet in its validity, reliability, and usability
as an age-estimation method. In this study, we developed and
introduced a software to extract the volume of tooth and pulp
automatically from the cone-beam computed tomography
(CBCT) that can guarantee the more objective, reproducible,
and timesaving way to measure the tooth-pulp volume ratio.
Once the threshold density between the tooth, pulp cavity,
and bone are defined using an automated tool integrated in
the developed software on one cross-sectional CBCT image,
regions of interest (ROI) are extracted automatically in
the rest of the cross-sectional images to navigate the three
dimensional volume of the tooth and pulp cavity and the
tooth-pulp volume ratio is finally calculated. This process is
done automatically by just indicating the center of the pulp
cavity and the area where the tooth is located. The software
tracks the change of density from the point pointed at the
center of the pulp cavity to the boundary drown to indicate
the area where the tooth is located so as to find the border
of each structure, which can exclude the any possibility of
subjective judgment by the examiner. of course, the result
can be corrected, if necessary, by the examiner as well as by
changing the threshold of density of hard tissue.
In further studies based on a large-scale sample, the most
proper threshold to present the most significant relationship
between age and tooth/pulp volume ratio and the tooth
correlated with age the most will be explored.
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 17 (Fri)
WFF2014
reception center.
However, very few studies have been done on people, who
for genetic reasons, does not have characteristics of dental
and physical development comparable with non-syndromic
individuals.
AIM : A sample of 60 patients (30 males and 30 females)
aged between 7 and 22 years was selected. All subjects
were affected by X-21 syndrome.The chronological age
was calculated in days (date of X-rays examination - date of
birth). Panoramic x-ray was used to analyze teeth anomalies
such as agenesis and to evaluate the dental age.
The control group was composed of 60 children/youths aged
between 7 and 22 with no genetic anomalies.The selection
of control group was partially stratified to ensure that all age
groups and both sexes were adequately represented.
METHODOS : Demirijan, Willems and Cameriere methods
with seven teeth were applied to stage the dental maturation.
Dental age estimations are provided by an expert in dental
age estimation.
The difference between estimated age and chronological
age is assumed as variable and compared to the values
obtained for non-affected children.The velocity pattern of
dental mineralization in DS children will be analysed for the
possible influence of DS on tooth maturation.
CONCLUSION : Our study shows that 51,35%, the 30,
77% and 58,9% of syndromic respectively using Demirijan,
Willems and Cameriere methods had delayed mineralization
comparing with non-syndromic people with higher female
percentage (68%).
Within the range 7/14 years our data lead us to believe that
Cameriere method is the most suitable to determine the age of
DS patients, in fact the determination of the dental age with
this method, was closer to chronological age than using the
other two methods, in contrast Demirijan has proven to be
more suitable within the range 14/16 years.
Willems method appears non suitable, in fact our work
highlighted that it tends to overestimate the dental age of
children affected by DS.
KEYWORDS DOWN SYNDROME; AGE ESTIMATION;
SPECIAL NEED PEOPLE
3
Oral Biology, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
Introduction. Radiographic examination of tooth has been
a useful indicator to estimate human age in various cases
of forensic odontology. From radiograph, it is possible to
determine tooth development such as tooth calcification,
tooth eruption, and root resorption. The aim of this study
was to develop a comprehensive evidence-based atlas to
estimate age using tooth calcification, tooth eruption, and
root resorption for human individuals between 5 and 23
years in Indonesian population. Materials and Methods.
This was a cross-sectional, retrospective study of archived
material from panoramic radiographs at Faculty of Dentistry,
Universitas Indonesia. A total of 304 panoramic radiographs
were distributed uniformly by sex and age between 5 and 23
years. Each chronological year was represented by 8 males
and 8 females. Modus stage for tooth calcification, tooth
eruption, and root resorption for all age categories was used
to construct the atlas. Tooth calcification was determined
by Demirjian et al method, tooth eruption was assessed by
Bengston method, and root resorption was determined by
Moorrees et al. method. Results and Conclusions. This study
has developed a comprehensive evidence-based atlas to
estimate age using tooth calcification, tooth eruption, and root
resorption in Indonesian population. There was no significant
difference between female and male tooth development and
between the right and left region of the tooth development
(p>0.05).
A G E E S T I M AT I O N ; F O R E N S I C
ODONTOLOGY; TOOTH DEVELOPMENT
KEYWORDS
O 39-5
ACCURACY OF AGE ESTIMATION USING THREE
DENTAL DEVELOPMENT SCHEMAS
Sakher Alqahtani1, Mark Hector3 , Helen Liversidge2
1
College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi
Arabia; 2School of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London,
London, United Kingdom; 3School of Dentistry, Dundee
University, Dundee, United Kingdom
O 39-4
AGE ESTIMATION USING TOOTH DEVELOPMENT OF
INDONESIAN POPULATION
Adisty Setyari Putri1, Benindra Nehemia Makes1, Nurtami
Soedarsono1
1
Oral Biology, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia;
2
Dental Radiology, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia;
408
Aim : To validate an evidence based atlas of dental age
estimation and compare its performance with two widely
used schemas.
Method : Skeletal remains/radiographs of 1514 individuals
(32 weeks in-utero to 23 years) were aged using The London
Atlas (LA), the Schour and Massler (SM) and Ubelaker
(Ub) schemas. Estimated age was compared to real age.
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
Bias, absolute mean difference and proportion of individuals
correctly assigned by age were calculated.
To test the application of The London Atlas, a questionnaire
was used to validate its use. Ninety 3rd year dental students
were divided randomly into three subgroups, and blinded
from the researcher. Each group used one of the 3 atlases to
estimate the radiographic age of 6 individuals and complete
the questionnaire.
Results : Excellent reproducibility was observed for all three
atlases (Kappa : LA 0.879, SM 0.838 and Ub 0.857). LA
showed no bias (P=0.720) and correctly estimated 53% of
cases. SM and Ub showed significant bias by consistently
underestimating age (P=0.026 and P=0.002) with 35% and
36% correctly estimated for SM and Ub respectively. The
mean absolute difference for LA (0.72 years) was smaller
than SM (1.15 years) and Ub (1.17 years).
LA was preferred over the other two atlases in all quality
measures tested (clarity, design, simplicity and selfexplanation)
Conclusion : The London Atlas represents a substantial
improvement on existing atlases facilitating accurate age
estimation from developing teeth with no bias. Development
of interactive online and mobile app versions is complete and
available to use.
KEYWORDS ATLAS OF TOOTH DEVELOPMENT; AGE
ESTIMATION; DENTAL DEVELOPMENT
FORENSIC PSYCHIATRY/BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE
(PBS): PBS I
O 40-2
K-WISER: A COMPUTATIONAL-LINGUISTIC
APPROACH TO DETECTING DECEPTION IN KOREAN
WRITTEN STATEMENTS
Carole E Chaski1, Seung-Man Kang2
1
Research and Development, Institute for Linguistic Evidence,
Georgetown, Delaware, United States; 2English Education,
Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk, Korea (South)
One of the primary techniques that linguistics can provide
to criminal and security investigators is the detection
of deception through classifying written texts as either
substantially truthful or false. Although there has been
a great deal of deception-detection research conducted
KEYWORDS D E C E P T I O N D E T E C T I O N ; W I T N E S S
S TAT E M E N T S ; F O R E N S I C C O M P U TAT I O N A L
LINGUISTICS
O 40-3
SUICIDE NOTES
Faruk Asicioglu1, Sefa Saygili2
409
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 17 (Fri)
ORAL PRESENTATION 40
in psychology, there has been a much smaller amount of
research that focuses on language using linguistics (Picornell
2012; Chaski, Barksdale and Reddington 2014). The most
commonly used language-based technique is Sapir’s SCAN
: Scientific Content Analysis (Sapir 1987). SCAN has been
criticized for various reasons by psychologist-researchers
(e.g Vrij 2000), and for its assumptions about linguistic
structure by Shuy (1998) and Kang and Lee (2014). Kang
and Lee’s work is especially interesting for four reasons.
First, Kang and Lee experimentally test SCAN using Korean
written statements, and find that the overall accuracy at
correctly identifying true versus false statements was 81%.
This result is remarkably similar to Driscoll’s (1994) result
of 80% when he tested SCAN on English written statements.
Second, Kang and Lee report a very low inter-rater reliability
(Cronbach’s alpha of 0.57) and correctly interpret this result
to mean that the subjects who were asked to use the SCAN
are not using the technique consistently and may be using
other techniques to attain the overall 81% accuracy. Third,
Kang and Lee correctly report that some language-use criteria
in SCAN are not universals of language, and that SCAN
would need to be modified to be applied cross-linguistically.
Finally, Kang and Lee suggest that an approach to deceptiondetection based in computational linguistics could provide
a more objective and linguistically sophisticated method
than SCAN. In fact, we think that a computational approach
is an excellent way to supplement and support criminal
investigators and the interviewing and interrogation process.
WISER is software that analyzes witness statements and
classifies them into true or false categories. WISER has
been built using two datasets : the first dataset was derived
from students writing true or false narratives, and the second
was derived from actual statements written during criminal
investigations, and categorized by the investigators as true
or false based on other (non-linguistic, forensic) sources of
corroborating or contradicting evidence. In English, WISER
attained 71% accuracy on the student statements, but a
strikingly higher 93% accuracy on the real-world statements
(Chaski, Barksdale and Reddington 2014). This talk reports
the extension of WISER to Korean written statements.
WFF2014
Institute of Forensic Sciences, University of Istanbul, Istanbul,
Turkey; 2Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Kırklareli,
Kırklareli, Turkey
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 17 (Fri)
1
Suicide notes and their authenticity are of particular forensic
interest. Up to now most studies on suicide notes have dealt
with psychiatric evaluation and descriptive studies of the
note writers. Whereas, the aim of this study is to ascertain
the contents of suicide notes and also to examine how the
psychiatric status of a suicidal person. A total of authenticated
32 notes were assessed according to the number of angularity,
tremor, tapered ends; variation in spacing between lines,
words, and characters; alignment to margins and alignment of
words to baseline in the laboratory. Controls were sampled by
the handwritings of individuals used in our study published
earlier. Pearson chi square and Mann Whitney U tests
were used for statistical evaluations. The longest note had
1872 characters and the shortest one only 29. Some of the
victims left two or more notes. Some of them embellished
their notes with well-known poems and psalms. The most
common content of suicide notes was an explanation about
suicide reasons. The other contents were mainly related to
exculpation, apologies, farewell, and a general expression
of life being too much to bear. It was observed that the
suicide notes were written with various types and colours of
pen mostly on a quality paper, and on any kind of materials
such as a blue print paper, a page from a blank book, and
some other types of papers. It was also observed that a
lot of notes are written in a good layout, indicating the
importance to the notes given by the victims before the final
act. Contrary to certain perceptions, e.g. that suicidal people
do not leave a will in their last letter, do not sign the note,
do not write dates or times, and are not concerned about
survivors, all of these do occur in the notes. Furthermore,
five victims dated, two with accurate time, and many of
them were concerned with their families and relatives and
showed their feelings with the words such as “please look
after my daughter,” “nobody is responsible for my death,”
and “please don’t send my son to orphanage”. The great
majority of the suicide notes had underlined or capitalized
words or sentences such as “GOODBYE” or “I DEBT IN 5
MILLION LIRAS TO ALI” in order to highlight the victim’s
important messages. Statistically significant variations in
spaces between characters and words were observed between
suicide notes and controls, but not in spaces between lines.
While the numbers of tapered ends do not show a significant
difference between the suicide notes and controls, those of
angularities and tremors are significantly higher in the suicide
notes. It is thought that these augmentations are based on the
irremediable psychological state of the victim which gives
410
rise to neuromuscular spasm. As a conclusion, suicide notes
are the last communications the suicide victims leave. The
psychological evaluation of the content of suicide notes may
be used as a strong investigational tool to address the question
of intent.
SUICIDE NOTES; HANDWRITING;
CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION
KEYWORDS
O 40-4
SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY OF BRAIN
ELECTRICAL OSCILLATION SIGNATURE PROFILING
(BEOS_P) - DIFFERENTIATING PERPETRATOR FROM
WITNESS.
Anjali Yadav, Dr. Asha Srivastava
Forensic Psychology Division, Cfsl/cbi, New Delhi, India
BEOS profiling is a technique for extracting an
electrophysiological signature of the remembrance of an
experience acquired through participation in an act. The
experience may be related to significant personal episodes
or participation in a criminal activity. It is established that
remembrance takes place when the cued stimulus is delivered
to a subject and the retrieval is automatic and compulsory.
The retrieval consists of recreation of sensory-motor
mental imageries and emotions, if present, associated with
experience triggered by the verbally presented probes. The
signature also contains components of sensory registration
of the auditory probe, accessing the memory and shift in
attention as one attends to the remembrance. The electrical
oscillations/activity related to remembrance is called the
“Signature” of the experience. BEOS Profiling is used as an
aid to investigation in the present forensic scenario. BEOS
profiling does not present a question or stimulus to which
the suspect must orally or behaviorally respond. On the other
hand, the test expects the subject to remain silent and only
listen to a narrative presented as short verbal statements in
sequence.
The objective of the study was to determine if BEOS profile
could differentiate a perpetrator from a witness. Issues of
sensitivity and specificity of the BEOS test were considered
as the study involved a simulated test and a sample of control
participants. There were three groups, 1) Perpetrator Group
2) Witness Group and 3) Control Group. A participant
from the perpetrator group was accompanied by another
participant from the witness group, who moved around with
the former and merely witnessed the actions executed by
the former. Participants of the perpetrator group carried out
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
some specific tasks according to the designed simulation.
The participants from the control group were only provided
with the knowledge about the simulation study. Subsequently
a BEOS profiling was carried out to study the sensitivity
and specificity of BEOS profiling amongst the three groups.
However, sensitivity and specificity are determined in
the present study using simple statistical measures, after
grouping the subjects in the Experimental groups, with a cut
off score of “Mean +2SD” value of EK scores of the Control
group. Sensitivity of BEOS profiling test is found to be 0.8
for perpetrator group, and the specificity of the test is 1.0. On
the other hand, if we are to use the test with the same probes
for witness group, its sensitivity falls to 0.66. The results and
issues related to motor and visual imageries are discussed in
the paper.
KEYWORDS
BEOS; PROBES; EXPERIENTIAL KNOWLEDGE
O 40-5
FUNCTION DISORDER ASSESSMENT ON PATIENTS
WITH MILD PSYCHIATRIC IMPAIRMENT DUE TO
ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS
Qinting Zhang
Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Institute of Forensic
Science, Ministry of Justice, P.r.china, Shanghai, China
FORENSIC PSYCHIATRY; ACCIDENTS,
TRAFFIC; PSYCHIATRIC IMPAIRMENT
KEYWORDS
O 40-6
STUDY ON DIFFERENCES OF
PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE ASSOCIATED
WITH LYING FROM PSYCHOPATHIC TENDENCIES
ON CONCEALED INFORMATION TEST
Hong Hyeongi1, Ji Hyungki1, Kim Heesong1, Hyun
Myoungho2
1
Psychological Forensics Division, National Forensic Service,
Wonju, Korea (South); 2Department of Psychology, Chung-Ang
University, Seoul, Korea (South)
A mock crime task and the Concealed Information Test
(CIT) were given to a group of study participants having
primary and secondary psychopathic tendency. The purpose
of performing the CIT was to examine the difference of
psychophysiological response when being asked with
crime-relevant and irrelevant questions. Twenty participants
who were within the top 5% on the Levenson Self-Report
Psychopathy Scale (LSRP) were selected out of 500 college
students. Another twenty participants were selected from
the lowest 60% of the LSRP score as a control group. All
participants were instructed to steal an object in mock
crime situation and administered the CIT that measured
respiration, skin conductance and heart. The results showed
that the respiration was significantly shorter for the crime
relevant questions than the irrelevant questions and both
psychopathic groups showed significantly shorter respiration
than the control group. The skin conductance was higher on
crime relevant questions than the irrelevant questions in both
groups. Although there was no difference between secondary
psychopathic tendency group and the control group on skin
conductance, the primary psychopathic group showed a
weaker response than the control group. The limitations and
the implications of this study are discussed.
KEYWORDS
PSYCHOPATHY; CONCEALED INFORMATION
411
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 17 (Fri)
Objective To explore the methods to assess the function
disorder of patients with mild psychiatric impairment due
to road traffic accidents. Methods In contrast to that of the
patient with physical impairment, the function disorder of the
patient with mild psychiatric impairment was assessed by the
standard assessment instruments, such as the Barthel index
of ADL (BI), Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ),
Social Disability Screening Schedule (SDSS), Activity of
Daily Living Scale (ADL), Physical Self-maintenance Scale
(PSMS), and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale
(IADL). Results Except BI, the each total score of FAQ,
SDSS, ADL, PSMS, and IADL correlated well with the
rank of psychiatric impairment. The difference of each total
score of rating scales among different physical impairment
rank was not statistically significant. At the impairment rank
of level 10, the difference of each total score of FAQ and
ADL was not significant between the two groups; each total
score of BI, SDSS, and IADL in psychiatric impairment was
higher than that of physical impairment, while the total score
of PSMS in psychiatric impairment was lower than that of
physical impairment. At the level 9, except PSMS, the each
total score of BI, FAQ, SDSS, IADL and ADL in psychiatric
impairment was higher than that of physical impairment.
At the level 8, except BI and PSMS, the each total score
of FAQ, SDSS, IADL and ADL in psychiatric impairment
was higher than that of physical impairment. Conclusion
The different criteria for assessment of mild psychiatric and
physical impairment may exist, and appropriate indexes for
assessment between physical and psychiatric impairment
need to be further elucidated.
WFF2014
TEST (CIT); PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE
ORAL PRESENTATION 41
FORENSIC PATHOLOGY (PT): REGIONAL ISSUE II
O 41-2
RETROSPECTIVE DESCRIPTIVE STUDY ON
SUICIDAL DEATHS IN COLOMBO NORTH AND
COLOMBO SOUTH TEACHING HOSPITALS IN SRI
LANKA (2004-2013)
Paranirubasingam Paranitharan1, Sanjaya Hulathduwa2 ,
Nirmala Perera3 , Dhammika Ariyarathne4 , Anjana De Silva5
1
Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine,
Ragama, Sri Lanka; 2Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty
of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayawardenepure, Sri
Lanka; 3Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine,
Ragama, Sri Lanka; 4Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty
of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayawardenepure, Sri
Lanka; 5Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine,
University of Ragama, Sri Lanka
significant number of the victims are from the lowest-income
group amounting to 20.3%. (< 10,000/LKR) and 51.4%
were unemployed. In comparison to the unmarried and those
with other relationships, the married contributed to 55.1%
of suicidal deaths. Sinhalese contributed to 86.2% of the
deaths and Tamils to 6.5%. Majority took place in their homes
(64.5%), while workplace (8.7%), public places (9.4%) and
isolated areas (5.8%) were the other preferred localities.
Previous suicidal attempts were reported in 19.6% and 19.6%
were suffering from psychiatric illnesses. Among the reasons
for suicide were the breakdown of relationships (13%),
family disputes (15.9%), abuse of drugs (4.3%), debts (3.6%)
and criminal activity (2.9%). Social isolation was noticed
in 18.1% cases and suicidal ideations were expressed by
28.3% cases. In 17.4% of cases suicidal letters were written.
Common methods employed with their percentages were
as follows : hanging (55.8%), poisoning (25.4%), drowning
(5.8%) and other methods (13%). 52.9% of the individuals
were addicted to alcohol and 11.6% to recreational drugs.
A proper referral system of family members for counseling
and involvement of Forensic Pathologists in the suicideprevention programmes would contribute towards a better
future.
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 17 (Fri)
KEYWORDS
Introduction : Suicides take place as a’permanent answer to
temporary problems’. Though prevention of suicide is an
important topic for Sociologists and Psychiatrists, the degree
of involvement of the Forensic Pathologist is minimal as their
major concern is finalizing the cause of death without missing
a secret homicide.
Methodology : This ten year retrospective descriptive study
of analysis of suicidal deaths encountered by the researchers
was carried out with a view of identifying facets where the
Forensic Pathologist could contribute in reducing suicides.
A total of 138 suicidal deaths were analyzed. The relevant
information regarding the death was gathered during the preautopsy interview from various sources such as the police,
relatives, eyewitnesses etc. and from the autopsy findings and
scene visit. Already available information was transferred
to a questionnaire and analyzed using a statistical package.
The results may not necessarily reflect a national trend but
were certainly helpful in identifying the important factors
contributing towards a suicidal death. The gleaned details do
have their limitations since a suicidal death is a taboo in Sri
Lanka and the relatives, at times may not feel comfortable in
providing accurate information.
Results and Conclusions : There are two peaks observed
in age groups as 21-30 years (23.9%) and 41-50 years
(23.2%). The male gender predominates with 75.4% cases. A
412
SUICIDE; HANGING; PREVENTABLE
DEATH
O 41-3
STATISTICS OF HOMICIDAL CASES FROM 2011-2013
IN DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE
& MEDICOLEGAL, CIPTO MANGUNKUSUMO
HOSPITAL, JAKARTA, INDONESIA
Yudy Yudy, Atmadja Djaja Surya
Department of Forensic Medicine & Medicolegal, Cipto
Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
For forensic pathologists – and also for institutions that
handle the cases –, most homicidal cases can be considered
as prestigious cases and surely are highlighted by news
media and other stakeholders. Most of the stakeholders need
statistical information in order to identify any problems,
make plans to resolve them, and act according to the plans.
Therefore, the statistics have to be compiled and updated
continuously, so various informations related to them can be
given if needed. Statistics from 2011-2013 period showed
that 7-10% of total cases per year are homicidal cases.
Victims were mostly male, age 18-35 years old. Types of
trauma found were mostly caused by mixed force (blunt
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
and sharp, 37-44%). We found that only few (2-5%) of the
labelling process of the deceased were correct according
to what is stated by the law. Our data showed that 76-84%
of all homicidal cases were autopsied. Interestingly, the
total of autopsy reports taken by the police were increasing
every year (53,85% in 2011, 57,14% in 2012, and 59,18% in
2013). This data showed that “administrative correctness” in
handling homicidal cases were improving. We hope this data
is useful for all the stakeholders of Indonesia medicolegal
system.
thoracic injuries of 56 (54.9%), abdominal injuries of 31
(30.3%), vertebral injuries 21 (20.5%) and major vessel
injuries of 12 (11.7%). The most common mechanism of
death was haemorrhagic shock of 90 (88.2%) followed by
asphyxia of 7 (6.8%), arrhythmias of 3 (2.9%) and finally
septic shock of 2 (1.9%).
Conclusion : This study emphasizes the need for better prehospital and hospital trauma management, improved traffic
law enforcement, effective traffic related and health policy
creation, and the establishment of a national traffic traumatic
injury surveillance registry in Fiji.
KEYWORDS ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS; FRACTURE;
HEAD INJURY
O 41-4
O 41-5
RETROSPECTIVE AUTOPSY BASED STUDY OF FATAL
ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS IN FIJI
FORENSIC AUTOPSY STUDY OF RURAL AREAS WITH
SMALL CITIES
James J V P Kalougivaki1, Ponnu R Goundar 2
1
Senior Forensic Pathology Registrar, Fiji Institute of Forensic
Science, Fiji Police Force, Suva, Fiji; 2Reader and Head, Fiji
Institute of Forensic Science, Fiji Police Force, Suva, Fiji
Sohyung Park1, Byung Ha Choi1, Hye Jin Park1, HyoungJoong Kim2 , Young-Shick Choi3 , Sung Jin Cho4 , Dae Yeol
Kim1, Young Joo Kim1, Whee Yeol Cho5
1
Forensic Medical Center, National Forensic Service, Seoul,
Korea (South); 2Forensic Medicine, Seoul Clinic of Korea
Forensic Investigation, Seoul, Korea (South); 3Seoul Institute of
Scientific Investigation, National Forensic Service, Seoul, Korea
(South); 4Department of Forensic Medicine Investigation, Seoul
Institute of Scientific Investgation, National Forensic Service,
Seoul, Korea (South); 5Forensic Medicine Division, Gwangju
Institute of Scientific Investigation, National Forensic Service,
Gwangju, Korea (South)
Objective : To describe the demographic profile and
distribution of injuries from autopsy cases due to fatal road
traffic accidents (RTA) in Fiji.
Methods : This is a retrospective autopsy based study
consisting of 102 medico-legal autopsies performed by the
Fiji Institute of Forensic Science, Fiji Police Force during
the period of two calendar years from January 1st 2011 to
December 31st 2012.
Results : Out of the 1454 medico-legal autopsies performed
during the study period, 102 (7%) were due to fatal RTA.
There were 72 (70.5%) males and 30 (29.5%) female
fatalities with an overall male and female ratio of 2.3 : 1
and the 30 to 44 years age group showed highest number of
victims of 30 (29.4%). The months of October in 2011 and
August in 2012 took the maximum toll of road traffic deaths
of 9 (8.8%) and 12 (11.6%) respectively. The highest number
within the road user group were the passengers of 53 (51.9%)
followed by the pedestrians and drivers of 32 (31.2%) and
16 (15.6%) respectively. Human behavioural errors or
factors by all the road users of 95 (93.1%) was the highest
contributing factor and pre-hospital mortality was most
common, particularly road traffic death at the scene (51.9%)
and those whilst en route to hospital (29.4%). Highest number
of injuries according to body regions were head injuries of
67 (65.7%), followed by multiple injuries of 57 (55.6%),
Forensic autopsy service has been well established,
centralized mainly in Seoul as it is a major city with
suburban areas nearby. However, it seems to have various
difficulties to rural areas in performing the service because
of physical limitations of time, geography or weather; lack of
infrastructure, and underlying conceptual resistance against
autopsy due to Korea’s cultural and traditional background.
Gangwon-do, and certain portions of Gyeonggi-do &
Gyeongsangbuk-do Provinces are typically representative
regions in that regard, which have much more difficulties
because they are mostly comprised of mountainous areas as
well as having the characteristics of a typical countryside
community. Therefore, we did a retrospective analysis on
the autopsy cases performed in the Gangwon-do and certain
portions of the Gyeonggi-do & Gyeongsangbuk-do Province
for 8 years between 2005 and 2013, in order to determine
the nature and characteristics of postmortem examinations in
413
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 17 (Fri)
KEYWORDS S TAT I S T I C S ; H O M I C I D A L C A S E S ;
CIPTO MANGUNKUSUMO HOSPITAL, JAKARTA,
INDONESIA
WFF2014
rural areas.
KEYWORDS
FORENSIC; AUTOPSY; RURAL
O 41-6
INVESTIGATION OF THE CAUSE OF DEATH IN
FINLAND
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 17 (Fri)
Ursula Vala, Eeva Siitonen
Forensic Medicine Unit, National Institute for Health and
Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
In Finland, either the police or a medical doctor must be
contacted when death has occurred. The police is responsible
for the medicolegal investigation of the cause of death.
Correspondingly a medical doctor is responsible for the
medical investigation of the cause of death which is used if
the deceased person has a serious illness and there is no cause
for medicolegal investigation. The causes for medicolegal
investigation are a suspicion of homicide, suicide, accident,
occupational disease or death do to a medical procedure.
Ether a medical or medicolegal autopsy can be performed as a
part of the investigation. There are about 50 000 deaths yearly
in Finland. In 2013 medicolegal autopsy was performed
in 9617 deaths. The rate of medicolegal autopsies is high
compared to other countries. The high rate makes cause of
death statistics very reliable. On the other hand, the workload
is high due to the lack of specialists in forensic medicine. The
pros and cons of the Finnish system are discussed.
KEYWORDS
CAUSE OF DEATH; STATISTICS; LAW
ORAL PRESENTATION 42
OTHERS: OTHERS 2
in seawater. Successful recruitment of planktonic stages for
benthic plants and animals cells is crucial to the establishment
and maintenance of populations of benthic marine organisms.
Benthic fouler are typically divided into microfoulers and
macrofoulers based on characteristic morphology that form
all together developing marine benthic ecosystem. The
planktonic cells have the potential to actively influence
their position in the environment through behaviors such as
phototaxis, chemotaxis, settlement stimulation, and active
selection of surface characteristics in microenvironment.
The initial stage of fouling process is basically starting from
organic compounds to microfouling, and next macrofouilng.
Therefore, it is a very important cue to the marine forensic
investigation such as structure accidents, drowning and
other crimes at costal region. Especially, planktonic stage
of microorganisms form biofilm in initial stage of fouling
mechanism so that finding in drowning body provide as
important evidence which profiled a temporal and spatial
pattern. However, it is often conflicting opinions for the
reliability of investigation. Thus, an alternative analysis
needed to secure the evidence of drowned crimes. In this
study, algae were attached to the surface and observed the
growth rate and characterization depending on the time.
Plankton stage of microfouling organisms such as bacteria,
animal laves and algal spores form initial biofilm with varied
time and mechanism. Those initial biofilm are influenced
by physical, chemical and biological environments and
are attracted to macrofoulers. To evaluate their temporal
characterization, those were investigated with cell density,
absorbance and length by microscopy and spectrophotometer.
Measurement of density of fouling algal and animal larvae
can be apply to improve the strength evidence of marine
forensic investigation with existing one according to the
results. We will discuss of marine fouling organism give
cue of forensic investigation based on the time inversion of
marine fouling organisms.
KEYWORDS FOULING ORGANISMS; PKANKTON
STAGE, BIOFILM; GROWTH RATE
O 42-1
STUDY ON THE TIME INVERSION OF DROWNED
VICTIMS BY MARINE FOULING ORGANISMS
Hyun Woung Shin1, Il Pyeong Kim2
1
Dept. of Biology and Biotechnology, Soonchunhyang
University, Asan, Korea (South); 2Dept. of Investigation, Gunsan
Cost Guard, Gunsan, Korea (South)
Marine biofouling refer to the attachment of microorganisms,
plants, algae, or animal on objective surface of structures
414
O 42-2
A SURVEY OF CULTURABLE BACTERIA ON THE
SKIN OF DECOMPOSING SWINE (SUS SCROFA
DOMESTICUS)
Lauren Chun1, Marcus Miguel1, Emily N. Junkins1, Kayla
Balasbas1, Shari L. Forbes2 , David O. Carter1
1
Laboratory of Forensic Taphonomy, Forensic Sciences Unit,
Division of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Chaminade
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
University of Honolulu, Honolulu, United States; 2Centre for
Forensic Science, School of Chemistry and Forensic Science,
University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
KEYWORDS P O S T M O R T E M M I C R O B I O L O G Y;
FIMICUTES; GAMMAPROTEOBACTERIA
O 42-4
VALIDATING AN EQUATION TO ESTIMATE
POSTMORTEM INTERVAL ON O’AHU, HAWAI’I
Christopher G Inoue1, David O Carter2
1
Laboratory of Forensic Taphonomy, Forensic Sciences Unit,
Division of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Chaminade
University of Honolulu, and City and County of Honolulu
Department of the Medical Examiner, HI, United States;
2
Laboratory of Forensic Taphonomy, Forensic Sciences Unit,
Division of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Chaminade
University of Honolulu, Hl, United States
In medicolegal death investigation, postmortem interval
(PMI), or time since death, is one of the key elements of
an investigation. Establishing PMI can help to identify the
deceased and corroborate testimonial evidence. There are
currently several methods to estimate postmortem interval,
such as livor mortis, potassium concentration in the vitreous
humor, and forensic entomology, but none of these methods
both accurately calculate postmortem interval and use a
method which can be universally and conveniently applied.
To improve our ability to estimate PMI, we implemented a
recently developed equation (Vass 2011) at 10 indoor death
scenes on O’ahu, Hawai’i. We tested the hypothesis that this
equation will not be accurate on O’ahu.
In the current experiment, we estimated PMI at death scenes
under the jurisdiction of the City & County of Honolulu
Department of the Medical Examiner. Temperature and
415
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 17 (Fri)
Postmortem microbiology traditionally focuses on
establishing cause of death. However, recent studies have
shown that postmortem microorganisms can also provide
insight into other aspects of death investigation including
postmortem interval. Yet little is known about the ecology
of culturable postmortem microorganisms and how their
communities change during decomposition. In the current
study, we describe the postmortem bacterial community on
heads of swine (Sus scrofa domesticus) carcasses during
decomposition. We hypothesized that culture-dependent
techniques will not indicate changes in the structure of the
postmortem bacterial community.
To test this hypothesis we placed three swine carcasses
at an outdoor decomposition site in a tropical savanna
ecosystem in the Palalo Valley, Oahu, Hawaii. Carcasses
were killed via electrocution and placed at the site one hour
postmortem. We swabbed the heads with sterile cotton swabs
once a day throughout decomposition (4, 32.5, 57, 73, 96,
120, 144.5 hours postmortem). Swabs were immediately
transported to the laboratory, streaked onto standard nutrient
agar and cultured at 22 °C. 48 hours later each distinct
colony of bacteria was isolated onto sterile standard nutrient
agar. Isolates were identified using Matrix Assisted Laser
Desorption/Ionization-Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF). If
MALDI-TOF was unsuccessful isolates were identified
genetically using the 16S ribosomal RNA gene.
We organized the observed bacteria into four temporal
groups. The first group consisted of phyla Proteobacteria
(Proteus mirabilis) and Firmicutes (Bacillus thuringiensis,
Bacillus cereus), which differed from the other three
groups because they were observed consistently and at
increasing frequency. Proteus mirabilis, particularly, was
observed at every sampling time. The second group was
observed in the early postmortem period (4h - 32.5 h) and
comprised Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria;
Firmicutes (Bacillus spp.) was the most common. The
third group of bacteria was associated with 32.5 h - 96 h
postmortem and comprised phyla Firmicutes, Proteobacteria,
Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria. Unlike the previous
group, Proteobacteria was now equally as prominent as
Firmicutes. The fourth group was observed from 73 h -144.5
h postmortem and comprised the same four phyla. Unlike
the previous groups, Proteobacteria was the most prominent
and was represented by families Xanthomonadaceae,
Pseudomonadaceae, and Enterobacteriaceae with phylum
Firmicutes only represented by family Bacillaceae.
The head bacterial community was associated with a general
shift from Firmicutes to Proteobacteria. Thus, we reject our
hypothesis, as our culture-dependent technique allowed us to
detect changes in the structure of the postmortem bacterial
community. This shift makes sense because Firmicutes
are typically well represented on the skin during life, so
we would expect them to be abundant during the early
postmortem period. The increase in Proteobacteria also
makes sense because many of these bacteria, particularly
class Gammaproteobacteria, are regularly associated with the
gut, putrefaction, and flies. We conclude that the skin of the
head initially supported a bacterial community representative
of mammalian skin, but this community changed over time
as putrefaction progressed. This was probably due to the
proliferation of enteric bacteria while insects oviposited and
walked on the skin.
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 17 (Fri)
WFF2014
relative humidity data were collected at each death scene and
these values, along with an estimate of soft tissue mass loss,
were used to generate an estimate of postmortem interval.
The estimates were compared to available information about
the dates that the decedents were last known alive, in order
to determine the accuracy of the formula. Mean values of
temperature, relative humidity, and soft tissue mass loss were
compared using a t-test.
For 5 of the 10 cases (50%), the estimated PMI was consistent
with the known PMI. All of these cases had a known PMI of
5 days or less and an estimated soft tissue mass loss of 15%
or less. In contrast, all of the cases in which the estimated
PMI was inaccurate had known intervals ranging from 4 to 16
days. In 4 of these 5 cases, the estimated soft tissue mass loss
was 20% or greater. Mean temperature (P = 0.82) and relative
humidity (P = 0.44) were not significantly different between
the two groups of cases (accurate vs. inaccurate). However,
death scenes with accurate PMI estimates were associated
with significantly (P < 0.05) less soft tissue mass loss than
death scenes with inaccurate estimates.
The current data show that this equation can be accurate in
cases with relatively little decomposition. Like many other
methods to estimate PMI, the accuracy of this equation
decreased as postmortem interval increased. The reason for
this is possibly related to climate; the equation was developed
in a temperate climate while the current experiment was
conducted in a tropical climate. It is probable that corpses
follow a different decomposition pattern in these two
climates, particularly during the colder months of the year.
Also, estimations of soft tissue mass loss were difficult
and probably subjective although the measurement of
temperature and relative humidity was straightforward with a
datalogger. Although this equation was accurate in only 50%
of our cases, we believe that PMI estimates can be improved
through the development of a standardized system to estimate
soft tissue mass loss.
Vass, A. A. (2011). The elusive universal post-mortem
interval formula. Forensic Science International 204 : 34-40.
KEYWORDS PMI; POSTMORTEM INTERVAL; SOFT
TISSUE MASS LOSS
O 42-5
LIFESTYLE AND FORENSIC SCIENCE - HOW BODY
WEIGHT IMPACTS MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY
James A J (Rex) Ferris
IAFS, Council Member, Tauranga, New Zealand
416
The consequences of drug and alcohol abuse are significant
burdens on modern Forensic Science, However abnormal
body weight and in particular obesity pose one of the
greated risks to health in the modern world. Low body
weight (BMI of 15 -18.4) due to anorexia and bulemia is
associated with an increased mortality of 47% relative to the
reference range. Obesity however (BMI < 30) associated
with respiratory conditions such as asthma and apnoea,
type 2 diabetes and hypertension has reached epidemic
proportions in many countries, (USA < 35%, UK & NZ <
25%). The management of these conditions, usually directed
to the control of diet and exercise, is notoriously difficult
and in most cases unsuccessful. Obesity involves a complex
interaction between social, behavioural, cultural, genetic and
physiological factors.
The Pickwickian Syndrome is a characteristic of morbid
obesity and is characterised by hypoventilation, chronic
hypoxia, CO2 narcosis, pulmonary hypertension and
chronic right heart failure. This in turn is associated with
a significant increase in pulmonary alveolar duct smooth
muscle hypertrophy. Leptin is a peptide hormone secreted by
adipocytes (fat cells) in direct proportion to adipose tissue
mass. Leptin acts centrally and regulates parasympathetic
signaling to increase bronchial diameter, however obesity and
hyperleptinemia often lead to leptin resistance. Since leptin
regulates bronchial diameter, leptin resistance is a likely
cause of bronchoconstriction and may account for the clinical
features of non-allergic asthma in morbid obesity.
Beta cells in the pancreatic islets are the only source
of insulin and in obesity, beta cell function and insulin
production is enhanced. Insulin resistance is associated
with hyperinsulinemia. Leptin resistance in beta cells
may contribute to the over production of insulin. Leptin
concentration is reported to be proportional not only to
total body fat but also the degree of insulin resistance. It
appears that hyperinsulinemia may inevitably lead to insulin
resistance and type 2 diabetes. Insulin resistance is also
associated with obstructive sleep apnoea.
There is a close relationship between obesity and
hypertension. It is reported that leptin and other
neuropeptides are also possible links between obesity and
hypertension. Insulin sensitivity may lead to endothelial
dysfunction, increased arterial stiffness, vasoconstriction
and thus hypertension. There is a close relationship between
hyperleptinemia and hypertension and this is supported by
the observation that obese leptin deficient mice do not exhibit
hypertension.
Clearly the over production of leptin by large numbers of
adipocytes in obese people is central to many of the disorders
seen in the morbidly obese. A possible solution to some of
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
these conditions may be the recent identification of antidiabetic activity of insulin-degrading ezyme inhibitors, such
a 6bK, possibly reducing the significance of type 2 diabetes,
hypertension and respiratory problems in the obese.
KEYWORDS
;;
ORAL PRESENTATION 43
FORENSIC GENETICS & BIOLOGY (GB): SW &
NEW SYSTEM
border control, and human trafficking of children. While
studies have focused on buccal swab reference samples,
additional sample types such as tissue, semen, teeth, or blood
on other substrates can also be processed on the system. The
flexibility of the system to handle multiple sample types and
run 1 to 7 samples expands the capability of the system to be
used for processing crime scene evidence quickly by nonscientific operators. To handle samples with lower amounts
of DNA present optimization of a new protocol was needed.
Results on optimization of protocols to enable processing
of other biological samples such as tissue samples, teeth,
fingernails, and semen will be presented. Preliminary data
on other STR assays, such as Y chromosome markers will be
discussed.
O 43-2
PROCESSING BIOLOGICAL MATERIAL FROM CRIME
SCENE SAMPLES ON THE RAPIDHIT® SYSTEM FOR
INVESTIGATIVE LEAD DEVELOPMENT
KEYWORDS SHORT TANDEM REPEATS; RAPID DNA;
DNA TYPING
Lori K Hennessy
Applications/R&D, IntegenX, Pleasanton, United States
O 43-3
Jo-Anne Bright1, Duncan Taylor2 , James Curran3 , John
Buckleton1
1
Forensic Biology, Esr Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand; 2Forensic
Biology, Fssa, South Australia, Australia; 3Statistics, University
of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
STRmix is an expert system that applies a fully continuous
approach to the interpretation of forensic DNA profiles.
STRmix was initially created for implementation across
Australia and New Zealand and has been adopted as the new
Australasian standard. It has attracted international interest.
The Institute of Environmental Science and Research
Limited (ESR), New Zealand, implemented STRmix into
routine forensic casework in August 2012. This presentation
gives a brief overview of the continuous statistical model
which underpins the software and describes our laboratory’s
experience and the benefits realised through its introduction.
The improved interpretative capability and advanced
database search functionality are both illustrated with
examples of challenging profiles.
With appropriate care an increased number of mixed
DNA profiling results which would have previously been
deemed’unresolvable’, can be effectively and objectively
assessed. Where relevant, comparison to reference samples
from persons of interest can be made and a likelihood ratio
calculated.
417
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 17 (Fri)
Many samples collected at crime scenes can take days or
weeks to process impacting investigations at their most
crucial stage because traditional methods for DNA analysis
involves multiple instruments and requires a specialized
forensic DNA scientist. However, rapid DNA systems offer
a transformative solution to help forensic laboratories and
law enforcement agencies solve and prevent crimes. The
RapidHIT system integrates the routine laboratory steps by
performing cell lysis, DNA isolation, STR amplification,
electrophoretic separation, fluorescent detection and data
analysis to generate DNA profiles in under two hours. A
simplified user interface enables the system to be run by nonexperts and be deployed outside of the laboratory settings
(police stations, ports and military checkpoints). The system
utilizing PowerPlex®16 HS chemistry has been successfully
used by three law enforcement agencies in the USA (e.g.,
Arizona DPS, City of Palm Bay, Florida and Richland County
Sheriff’s Department) as well as in China (e.g., Wuhan
Public Security Bureau). These law enforcement agencies
generated STR profiles from crime scene samples that
identified potential suspects in their current cases. Recently,
the GlobalFiler® Express chemistry, a 24 marker STR assay,
has been validated on the RapidHIT system and the DNA
markers in this assay are commonly used in the majority of
international databases. The 9 fold increase in discrimination
capacity of this assay and inclusion of 10 mini-STR loci
extends the utility of DNA typing applications on the
RapidHIT to situations such as, disaster victim identification,
LABORATORY IMPLEMENTATION OF SOFTWARE
USING A CONTINUOUS MODEL FOR THE
INTERPRETATION OF DNA PROFILES
WFF2014
KEYWORDS
INTERPRETATION; CONTINUOUS MODEL;
Medical College, Shenyang, China
STRMIX
O 43-4
POWERQUANT™ SYSTEM: A NEW ROBUST HUMAN
AND MALE SPECIFIC DNA QUANTIFICATION
SYSTEM THAT MONITORS DNA INTEGRITY.
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 17 (Fri)
Jessi Sim
Support and Training, Promega Corporation, Perth, Australia
Forensic casework samples, are extremely variable in terms
of DNA quantity and quality, and therefore, present unique
challenges which require DNA analysts to determine the
best possible workflow in order to achieve successful STR
analysis. Using currently available quantification kits, the
analyst relies on quantification values, Auto/Y ratio and
IPC Ct shift values to : 1) determine the optimal amount
of template in STR assay, 2) choose between running an
autosomal and/or Y-STR assay and 3) detect inhibitor
content in the sample. However, lack of information about
the sample’s DNA quality makes it impossible to distinctly
identify samples with low DNA integrity. Consequently,
the approach most likely to produce an STR profile from
challenging samples may be unclear, leading to repeated
sample processing and amplification. To address this need,
Promega has developed the PowerQuant™ System, a
sensitive, robust quantification kit which incorporates an
additional larger autosomal amplicon to monitor the integrity
of a DNA in a sample.
We will present data demonstrating sensitivity, resistance
to inhibitors, ability to detect DNA degradation, species
specificity, and male specificity at various ratios of male to
female DNA.
KEYWORDS QPCR, DNA INTEGRITY, POWERPLEX;
INHIBITORS, DEGRADED DNA; STR SYSTEMS,
AUTOSOMAL/Y RATIO
O 43-5
PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION IN MIXED SEMINAL
STAIN OF TWO INDIVIDUALS
Baojie Wang1, Mei Ding1, Lu Zhang1, Hao Pang1, Chunhong
Wang1, Jun Yao1, Song Han2 , Jiaxin Xing1, Jinfeng Xuan1,
Miao Fan1
1
School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University,
Shenyang, China; 2Department of Forensic Medicine, Shenyang
418
When applying the analysis method of autosome and Y
chromosomal STR to detect the mixed semen sample for two
men in sex crimes, this can exclude the unrelated individuals
but cannot achieve the purpose of individual differentiation
to realize identification. By using three methods, we could
solve the personal identification in mixed seminal stain of
two individuals to some extent. Method 1 : For mixed semen
sample for two men after digestion through differential
extraction procedure, detect autosome, Y and X chromosomal
STR and the sequence of mtDNA hypervariable region I (HV
I). When the sample size of two men is close to each other,
the test results could be compared to the suspects. If they
meet the double coverage (the alleles of the mixed spectra
completely overlap all alleles of two suspects and there is
no extra allele.), personal identification can be achieved.
When the proportion of two samples is 1 : 2~1 : 10, all of
autosome, Y and X chromosomal STR can be detected. The
sequence of mtDNA HV I can be obtained from the sample
of high copy number. The sample of low copy number can
be separated by single strand conformation polymorphism
(SSCP) and then analyzed by sequence. This method is also
used in other mixed samples of two men. Method 2 : For
anti-A antibody, anti-B antibody and anti-H antibody labeled
with three color fluorescence, adopt immunofluorescence
histochemical staining and cell capture technology to enrich
sperms of different ABO types in the mixed seminal stains of
two individuals, the personal identification can be achieved
to some extent. Due to the difference in ABO types, the
mixed sperms of 2 individuals can have 21 combinations of
ABO genotype. Wherein, for 9 genotype combinations, this
method can absolutely distinguish between two individuals;
for 6 genotype combinations, this method can distinguish
one of the two individuals; for 6 genotype combinations, this
method doesn’t work. Method 3 : Using single-cell capture
technology to obtain the single sperm cells and detecting the
sequence of mtDNA HV I after extracting DNA samples,
we can enrich the samples with the same sequence and then
analyze autosome chromosomal STR to achieve the purpose
of personal identification to some degree. This method can
also analyze mtDNA HV II and distinguish two individuals
according to different mtDNA sequence to achieve personal
identification.
This study was supported by the national natural science fund
of China. (No.81373244)
KEYWORDS
MIXED SEMINAL STAIN; STR; ABO
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
O 43-6
DEVELOPMENT OF TWO NOVEL DNA ANALYSIS
METHODS TO IMPROVE WORKFLOW EFFICIENCY
FOR CHALLENGING FORENSIC SAMPLES
Sudhir Sinha, Hiromi Brown, Anne Montgomery, Gina
Pineda, Marion Carroll
Forensic Genetics, InnoGenomics Technologies, LLC, New
Orleans, United States
KEYWORDS DEGRADED DNA; RETROTRANSPOSON;
QUANTIFICATION
ORAL PRESENTATION 44
FINGERPRINT / SCENE INVESTIGATION (FPR/
SI): FINGERPRINT, ACCREDITATION / TRAINING /
EDUCATION
O 44-1
ELECTROPHORETIC DEPOSITION OF
NANOPARTICLES AS A NEW TECHNIQUE FOR THE
DEVELOPMENT OF LATENT FINGERMARKS
Roberto Rosa, Paolo Veronesi, Cristina Leonelli
Department of Engineering Enzo Ferrari, University of Modena
and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) is an electrochemical
materials processing technique carried out in a two electrodes
cell; an electric field is applied between two electrodes
submerged into a suspension of charged particles, which,
as a consequence of the applied voltage, are able to migrate
towards the oppositely charged electrode, creating a coating.
Among the several advantages of EPD, the possibility to be
applied to any solid available as a fine powder, the simplicity
of the experimental apparatus, the possibility to use aqueous
medium and its immediacy need to be highlighted.
Aim of the present work is to demonstrate how the
advantages of EPD technique can be proficiently exploited in
latent fingermarks development.
The conductivity of a metallic substrate bearing a fingermark
419
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 17 (Fri)
The past 25 years have seen great strides in forensic DNA
analysis. Next generation platforms and test systems now
provide scientists with tools to evaluate samples consisting of
degraded and/or trace DNA with greater efficiency and higher
success rates. Reported here are two novel, complementary
DNA evaluation and analysis technologies based upon multicopy retrotransposon insertion polymorphisms (RIPs). The
two systems, InnoQuant™ and InnoTyper™ in combination,
greatly improve workflow efficiency and provide probative
results from even the most compromised DNA samples.
The first system, InnoQuant™, is a qPCR assay that enables
quantification of two different sized amplicons. The targets
are Yb8 and a separate retrotransposon, SVA. Both targets
are present in greater than 1000 copies per genome with
large numbers as fixed insertions. By utilizing two different
fluorophores in a TaqMan assay, an accurate quantitation
(~1 pg sensitivity) and quality assessment (Quality Index) of
forensic DNA samples can be determined. This system also
provides information regarding the presence of inhibitors
within a sample. This system can accurately predict “true
zero”, saving time and money by stopping sample processing
after quantitation, if the sample is insufficient for analysis.
The second system, InnoTyper™, based on retrotransposon
insertion polymorphism, is extremely sensitive and able
to analyze highly degraded DNA samples that cannot be
profiled with the most advanced STR multiplexes currently
available. The InnoTyper™ system is based on analysis of
SINE and LINE RIPs. The novel primer design methodology
has made possible the creation of small amplicons. These
targets have then been multiplexed into a single amplification
reaction. An additional advantage of InnoTyper™ markers
are their genetic stability. The retrotransposons utilized are
identical by descent. These are not potentially transformed
by random mutations like identical by state markers, such as
INDELS or STRs. Identical parallel insertions for RIPs are
not known. Degradation study data will be presented showing
the InnoTyper™ system can be utilized for profiling highly
degraded DNA samples, thus reducing the need to resort to
mtDNA sequencing analysis. InnoTyper™ results provide
significantly higher discrimination power when compared to
mtDNA. These 20 InnoTyper™ markers range in size from
50-125 bp. These small amplicons result in an extremely
sensitive and useful multiplex for forensic samples. When
evaluating three major North American populations, these
markers generally met Hardy-Weinberg expectations and
showed little evidence of detectable levels of linkage
disequilibrium between the markers tested. Known paternity
trios were also used to evaluate this system. These results will
also be presented. Due to small amplicon size and extreme
sensitivity, the InnoTyper™ system will prove useful when
analyzing degraded DNA samples such as those found in
mass disasters and other human identification efforts.
In conclusion, InnoQuant™ and InnoTyper™ together
can greatly improve a forensic laboratory’s efficiency and
challenging sample success rates.
WFF2014
residue, will surely exhibit a discontinuity in correspondence
of the ridges. This will be consequently reflected by a not
homogeneous deposition and interaction of the approaching
nanoparticles, allowing to visualize the latent print.
Optimization of the technique has been pursued by an
organized design of experiments (DoE) approach.
The development mechanism will be discussed accounting
for several parameters, including pH of the aqueous
suspension, Zeta potential, velocity of the particles, average
agglomerates size distribution, together with the nature of the
secretion originating the residue and its charge.
Different kinds of nanoparticles have been tested in order to
expand the applicability of the here-proposed technique.
ELECTROPHORETIC DEPOSITION;
NANOPARTICLES; LATENT FINGERMARKS
KEYWORDS
O 44-2
THE RESEARCH OF COMPARING THE FINGERPRINT
AND THE ARTIFICIAL FINGER STREAK LINE
MOULAGE
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 17 (Fri)
Aoyang Yu
Trace Examination Technology Department, China Criminal
Police University, Shenyang, China
Studying the method of distinguishing and identifying the
print of artificial finger cast could prevent and expose these
crimes by the copied prints effectively and giving some
suggestions to the fingerprint identification device producer.
Compare the thickness of the lines of the finger print, the
shade of the ink, the defect and transformation of the line
and the features of the outline marks of the cast between
the fingerprint and the prints of the RTV-2 silicone rubber
artificial finger cast in the macroscopic view. Meanwhile,
analyze the detail characters in microcosmic level, such as
the smoothness of the line, the blemish of ink, endpoint or
intersection of the line, the print of sweat pore and so on.
Summarize the industrial process features of the artificial
finger cast and discuss the method to distinguish the
fingerprint from the prints of the artificial finger casts.When
the print is clear enough, the kind prints features of silica gel
cast are obvious and distinguished easily. However, when the
print is indistinct, the thickness and the direction of the line
should be considered and other factor are also important for
us to considered, such as the shape of detail characters, the
thickness of medium and the regularity of the transformation
line, then achieve the correct conclusion.
420
FINGERPRINT; ARTIFICIAL FINGER
STREAK LINE MOULAGE; IDENTIFY
KEYWORDS
O 44-4
ANOTHER CSI EFFECT, EFFECTS OF DRAMAS ON
CRIMES
Hoseon Lee, Byeonggwan Woo, Doyun Seong, Jiwon Park,
Dongho Joe
Senior Year, Korean National Police University, Yongin-si,
Seoul, Korea (South)
As there have been a lot of dramas or movies about crimes,
the public interest in them is growing up. It is a positive signal
that crimes are getting more attention and becoming a major
concern of the public. However, the trend of public interests
isn’t always approaching positively.
Many people would be familiar with a concept of “CSI
effect” which means that people expect forensic science
to be perfect as they are in some CSI dramas. However,
in this study, the topic is another effect of CSI dramas. On
a perspective of potential offenders, they learn from CSI
dramas. Rather than just leaving their fingerprints without
concerns, they wear gloves or even erase their evidences from
the scene as the offender in some dramas do. While forensic
knowledge is exposed to the public through media, potential
offenders are taking advantage of it. At a real crime scene,
they do manipulate and fabricate their evidence to make the
police confused. To make it short, they make a “staged crime
scene” using knowledge they learn from dramas.
Introducing a couple of cases which took place in Songpa
and Gwanak, Seoul, we will scrutinize the offenders’ bizarre
modus operandi thoroughly. In these cases, there were
many attempts to ruin the scenes, including erasing their
fingerprints, replacing a criminal tool, even flouring the
scene, etc which offenders in CSI dramas did. We need to pay
attention to the fact that potential offenders are learning from
CSI dramas or movies.
As I mentioned above, it is a positive signal that the public
become familiar with the concept of crimes and forensic
science, because the more they have attention to them,
the better we can counteract crimes. Meanwhile, potential
offenders are learning from CSI dramas to make their crime
insoluble. To keep pace with these evolving crimes, it can
be helpful to check which dramas or movies the offenders
had watched before they committed a crime. Through digital
forensic, we can check offenders’ playlist in his or her
computer or rental records of DVD. In doing so, we may find
clues to understand crime scenes which were unexplainable
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
before.
KEYWORDS CSI DRAMAS; STAGED CRIME SCENE;
BIZARRE MODUS OPERANDI
collaboration, empathy with the suspect/victim and spatial
context provided by the VR system. We are applying the tool
to an actual case to further validate its usefulness.
KEYWORDS VIRTUAL REALITY; CRIME SIMULATION;
COLLABORATIVE INVESTIGATION
O 44-6
VIRTUAL REALITY BASED COLLABORATIVE CRIME
SCENE SIMULATION ENVIRONMENT
Youngwon Kim, Changhyeon Lee, Jonggil Ahn, Gerard
Jounghyun Kim
Department of Computer and Radio Communications
Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea (South)
ORAL PRESENTATION 45
FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY (OD):
BITE MARK AND BODY IDENTIFICATION
O 45-2
MACROSCOPIC AND MICROSCOPIC ASPECTS OF
TEETH EXPOSED TO ACIDS
Hana Eliasova1, Tatjana Dostalova2 , Ivana Turkova1
1
Anthropology, Biology and Physiodetection, Institute of
Criminalistics Prague, Prague, Czech Republic; 2Stomatology,
Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; 3Chemistry,
Institute of Criminalistics Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
The idea for this study came from some crime cases when the
dead bodies were exposed to some chemicals. The extreme
attack not only on soft tissue and bones, but also on teeth is
caused by acids.
Teeth are very high mineralized components of a human body
and can persist long time after decomposition of soft tissues
and skeletal structures. But they are purely in a certain degree
resistant to chemicals. Namely, integrita of teeth is affected
by substances with low pH – acids.
The objective of our study was to carry out series of
observations focused on morphological changes of teeth
exposed to chosen acids solutions.
The use of teeth without caries was presumption because
caries could modify the destructive process of different
teeth structures (enamel, dentine). Teeth placed in acids
were observed at periodic time intervals until the complete
destruction. Degradation proceedings were recovered by
prima vista (macroscopic observation with special camera).
Changes were judged by measurements and comparison the
discoloration of teeth with colour chart.
Microscopic analysis, especially via scanning electron
microscopy SEM, can capture morphological changes
of teeth during destructive processes and it is feasible to
identify the residues of teeth on basis of recognition of the
characteristic morphological features of dental tissues.
SEM with energy-dispersive X-ray (EDS) analysis was
421
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 17 (Fri)
Simulation and re-enactment is a very effective method for
solving crimes. However, such a method often requires the
investigators to conduct the simulation using only drawings
and photographs because the crime site is often sealed for
preservation or simply not easily accessible. In contrast,
the virtual reality (VR) technology not only can provide
a realistic and natural simulation environment, but also
be extended with tools to facilitate the simulation driven
investigation process. In this paper we describe a VR based
collaborative crime simulation environment. First the crime
scene is reconstructed by capturing and reconstructing the
3D floor plan of the crime scene using a smart phone. The
3D floor model is imported into the simulation environment
and added with important objects (e.g. furniture, blood
stain, weapon, footprint, dead body) manually using a
simple menu driven authoring tool. The system is based
on an investigation model lead by two investigators : one
(the re-enactor) immersed in the virtual crime scene and reenacting various hypotheses (using a head mounted display)
and the other (operator) overlooking the environment and
the on-going re-enactment in a 3rd person view point on a
desktop computer. The re-enactor and the operator constantly
communicate and discuss about their hypotheses and the
operator can e.g. make particular arrangements for the reenactor to try out different scenarios (e.g. placement/removal
of an object). The virtual environment is calibrated such that
the scale of the original crime scene can be equally perceived.
In addition, the re-enactor’s motion is captured using the
KINECT sensor and skeleton tracking for natural as-is
motion based interaction with realistic physical simulation.
Selected scenarios and enactments (among many trials)
can be saved for further review and replay. Aside from the
mere convenience, we believe the proposed system can help
expedite the investigation process and make more accurate
prognosis, especially due to the dual/multiple perspectives,
WFF2014
able to display crystalline reaction products and detect their
chemical compositions.
There are proved correlation between time of the exposure
to the different acid solutions and the degradation rate of
dental structures. There was observed that all used acids were
capable of causing demineralization. Morphological changes
and discoloraion of teeth were different for various acids.
Enamel, due to high mineralization, is extremely subjected to
destruction. Discoloration especially affects dentine.
Our in vitro results were compared with ante mortem known
situation, casuistries of identity obstructions and mischances.
At the conclusion we note fact that in vitro experiments did
not take into account factors present in real-life conditions,
e.g. the protection of dental components by soft and hard
tissues. However, these experiments can be partially helpful
not only for forensic odontologists in the process of personal
identification, but also for criminalists (modus operandi
determination).
Acknowledgments : Many thanks to Petr Švarc for
photographing. We are also grateful to Veronika Sekyrová
and Štefan Danyi for laboratory support.
This research has been supported by VF20102014007 and
VG20102015065 (the Ministry of Inferior).
KEYWORDS
ODONTOLOGY; IDENTIFICATION; ACIDS
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 17 (Fri)
O 45-3
COURSE OF FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY WITH FOCUS
ON IDENTIFICATION OF UNKNOWN VICTIMS AFTER
MASS DISASTERS
Ruediger Lessig
Institute of Legal Medicine, Martin-Luther-University of HalleWittenberg, Halle, Germany
After the Tsunami 2004 in Southeast Asia one of the
experiences of the German DVI Team was the need of
well trained dentists in forensic odontology. Many of the
colleagues which interested in this field are working in clinics
or private practice and had no contact to the routine case
work of identification of unknown persons before. The aim
of first three courses was to give the dentists the opportunity
to understand the different parts of the identification process
and have contact with forensic pathology. One of the most
important parts was the training in Plass Data. The following
courses were a refresher or an intense practice with the dental
secretary as a real team of forensic dentistry and a part of the
DVI team.
D V I ; I D E N T I F I C AT I O N ; F O R E N S I C
ODONTOLOGY
KEYWORDS
O 45-4
THE PROFILE OF LIP PRINT PATTERN OF TWO
SUBPOPULATION IN INDONESIA
Windrianto Mochamad Atmaji1, Atmadja Djaja Surya2 ,
Yuniastuti Mindya1
1
Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry University
of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia; 2Department of Forensic
Medicine and Medico-Legal, Faculty of Medicine University of
Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
Introduction. Lip Print is profile of sulci and fissures on
the mucous layer of human lips, that shows individual
characteristic. Some classification and notation of lip print
have been introduced by many experts; however among
them, the most popular one is that introduced by Tsucihashi
and Suzuki in 1970. They classified lip print into six types of
lip print based on the feature of the lines, with the analysis on
eight quadrants of lips. Indonesia is a huge country inhabited
by two hundred and forty million people. Physically,
Indonesian people can be divided into two sub populations
with different characteristic : the West population (yellow
to brown skin color, straight haired,’Mongoloid’ like) and
the East population (brown to black skin color, curly haired,
and’Negroid’ like). This study is performed to find whether
there is any significant differences between lip print profiles
of the two sub populations. Materials and Methods. Five
hundred Indonesian people, consisted of 477 West people
and 99 East people, were examined after giving written
informed consent. The profile of lip print was analyzed
by direct examination on the sun ray, by using 2.5 dioptry
magnifying glass. For documentation and second opinion,
the lip prints were also photographed by Nikon D5100
camera and Nikor 18-55 mm lense. Results. West and East
Indonesian population showed different profiles of lip print,
with the significant differences on type I,type I’, type II, type
III,type IV and type V (p <0.005). In the West population,
the most frequent types were I’ (36.29%), type II (25.34%),
type I (20.55%) and the rarest one was type V (2.41%). In the
East population the most frequent types were II (34.91%),
type III (27%), type I (17.33%) and the rarest one was type 5
(0.94%). Conclusions. West and East Indonesian population
showed different lip print profiles, suggesting that they have
the different genetic background.
KEYWORDS
422
LIP PRINT; INDONESIAN; SUBPOPULATION
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
O 45-5
IMPORTANCE OF HEALING IN BITE MARK
Yasir Osman Yousif Ali , Ogeel Sowar Aldahab , Elhadi Mohi
Eldin2 , Yousif Osman Yousif 1, Khalid Kabsor1, Md Salah1
1
Odontology, National Ribat University, Sudan; 2Odontology,
University of Khartoum, Sudan; 3Forensic Odontology, National
Ribat University, Khartoun, Sudan
1
2
KEYWORDS
BITE MARK; BITE MARK; BITE MARK
FORENSIC PSYCHIATRY/BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE
(PBS): PBS II
O 46-1
JUVENILES WHO COMMIT SEXUAL OFFENCES
AGAINST MINORS: EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND LEGAL
CONSIDERATIONS
Dilek Celik1, Gokhan Oral2
1
Psychology, Suleyman Sah University, Istanbul, Turkey;
2
Forensic Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul
University, Istanbul, Turkey
Although those who commit sex offenses against minors are
often thought of as adults, it is important to understand that a
substantial portion of these offenses are committed by other
minors who do not fit the image of such terms. According
to Turkish Justice Statistics (2014), approximately, 8500
juveniles are alleged to have committed sexual offences
against minors between 2010-2013. Interest in youth who
commit sexual offences has grown in recent years, but there
is still relatively little epidemiological information about
juvenile sexual offenders.
The aim of present study is to discuss some of the
epidemiological characteristics of juvenile sexual offences as
well as criticize the legal limitations in false accusations in
those offences.
Method : A total of 69 juvenile sexual abuse case files
gathered from Uskudar Supreme Court for Juveniles and
consist of victim, offender and witness statements as well
as expert reports about psychological and physiological
evidences, are analyzed in depth. While 51 of the cases were
classified to be genuine accusations, 18 of them were false
accusations.
Results : As opposed to characteristics of adult sexual
offenders, it is found that%49 of the victims were males, the
crime scene was more likely to be either abandoned buildings
(%26) or open fields (%28), the victims and the offenders
were friends from neighbourhood before the offence (%39).
It is also observed that the juveniles are more likely to commit
those crimes in pairs or groups.
In addition, set of forensic cases will be discussed in which
children falsely accused their peer of sexual abuse and then,
confessed that there is no actual abuse but it is a consented
sexual act between peers during prosecution. The statements
of victim children in false allegations are also statistically
analyzed using CBCA (Criteria Based Content Analysis) and
are found to be less reliable compared to genuine accusations.
423
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 17 (Fri)
Bite mark is a patterned injury in skin or a pattern in an object
caused by the biting surfaces of human or animal teeth.
The ABFO manual defines a bite mark as (1) a physical
alteration in a medium caused by the contact of teeth and (2)
a representative pattern left in an object or tissue by the dental
structures of an animal or human. The manual then describes
a bite mark as “a circular or oval patterned injury consisting
of two opposing symmetrical-shaped arches separated at their
bases by open spaces.
Bite mark is one of the main investigative methods of
forensic odontostomatology. The unique pattern of human
dentition could manifest as a bite print on victim or food
substrate. Such annotation can be very useful for the
inspection, analysis and processing of the bite mark in
different types of crime.
In this case the police referred a suspect who had several
injuries on his body for further investigation and to rule in or
out his involvement on this crime.
Following the (ABFO) guidelines, routine bite mark
inspection and analysis was performed at the Forensic
Lab of Ribat University Hospital, Ministry of Interior,
khartoum,Sudan.mainly based on role of healing process.
The deceased victim’s jaw bones and teeth had been
reconstructed and compared with what seemed to be bite
pattern on the suspect; the injuries in the body of the suspect
mimicked the bite mark pattern of the victim.
This case proved the significant role of analysis of the bite
marks in investigation of violent crime. The Sudanese police
head quarter emphasized on the importance of bite mark
analysis to be one of the routine department’s investigations
whenever needed.
ORAL PRESENTATION 46
WFF2014
Discussion : There are substantial differences between, the
epidemiological characteristics and “modus operandi” of
the adult sexual offenders and juvenile sexual offenders,
which necessitate the development of special treatment
and management programs. Effective interrogation in
child sexual abuse cases is a matter of interdisciplinary
phenomenon in which the practitioners working in the field
such as lawmakers, psychologists, psychiatrists, social
workers should be in agreement with the accurate use of
forensic concepts.
According to The Turkish Criminal Code, the criminal act in
child sexual abuse in defined as all kinds of sexual attempt
against children who are under the age of fifteen as well
as abuse of other children (between the ages of fifteen and
eighteen) sexually by force, threat or fraud. In addition the
offender is defined as any person who abuses a child sexually.
Since, there is no special regulation for peer sexuality in the
Code, the cases are continued to be prosecuted as child sexual
abuse even if the accused one is also child.
The concepts of child sexual abuse and peer sexuality will be
discussed concerning their legal, cultural and psychological
aspects.
JUVENILE SEXUAL OFFENDERS; SEXUAL
ABUSE; FALSE ACCUSATIONS
KEYWORDS
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 17 (Fri)
O 46-4
FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT:
DIFFERENTIATE INNOCENT AND GUILTY SUBJECTS
IN CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION CASES IN INDIAN
SCENARIO
Asha Srivastava, Anjali Yadav
Forensic Psychology Division, Cfsl/cbi, New Delhi, India
Forensic Psychological Assessment is an invaluable
and inestimable tool in the understanding of individual
uniqueness. It involves the psychological assessment of
behavior in legal settings or with legal application. The
objective of Forensic Psychological Assessment is to help the
investigator to find out whether the person is guilty or not.
Forensic Psychological Assessment helps the investigating
agency to identify the deceptive person and to exclude the
innocent person form the list of the suspects through non
invasive analysis of verbal, non verbal, behavioral and
psychological cues During the course of interview, the
subject’s Verbal, Behavioral Assessment and Non-verbal
Behavioral Assessment, Cognitive Ability, Appearance,
Emotional Maturity, Speech and Thought Processes are noted
424
down carefully.
The goal of Forensic Psychological Assessment is to
obtain maximum understanding of the crime that has been
committed from in all possible angles, so that justice can
be done to the innocent and the real criminal is punished.
The Forensic Psychological Assessment is made by way of
administering the : Appropriate Psychological questionnaire,
Behavioural Analysis Interview, Attitude, Verbal observation
of the subject and Non-verbal behavioral observation of the
subject. Neither Supreme Court, nor the NHRC guidelines
restricts the applicability and utility of the Forensic
Psychological Assessment. Permission of the Court is not
required to conduct these tests
The result of this technique in cases referred by CBI and other
Police Agencies is productive and encouraging. Forensic
Psychological Assessment has been done in 100 important
national level cases referred by CBI, Delhi Police other State
Police Agencies. The objective of the Study was to evaluate
a broader range of suspect responses to make a reliable
assessment of the witness/suspect credibility.
Net Result of Forensic Psychological Assessment
Total number of Subjects examined – 100
Number of Subjects found Innocent – 65
Number of Subjects found Guilty – 35
In all these cases, Forensic Psychological Assessment had
helped the investigating agency to identify the guilty and to
exclude the innocent from a pool of suspects and to obtain
maximum understanding of the crime and the criminal from
all possible angles, so that justice can be done to the innocent
and the real criminal is punished. It helped them in verifying
statements of accused, suspects, witnesses and complainants.
The interpretation given by the psychologist helped them
to come to a logical conclusion as to whether the subject is
guilty or not.
The Forensic Psychological Assessment in conjunction
with other forensic reports and other material evidences can
lead to the investigation. The cases in which the Forensic
Psychological Assessment was done in CFSL (CBI), New
Delhi, the Forensic Psychologist was in a position to identify
the deceptive and truthful person and the same was found
to be in congruence with the investigation findings. In
the absence of any precedent, the Forensic Psychological
Assessment will have the persuasive value in the court of law
as the same is the opinion of the forensic psychologist.
KEYWORDS
B E H AV I O R A L A S S E S S M E N T ;
PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTING; FORENSIC
PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
O 46-5
PREDICTION OF OFFENDER RESIDENCE USING
GEOGRAPHIC PROFILING SYSTEM
Yeondae Jung
Scientific Investigation Center, Korean National Police Agency,
Seoul, Korea (South)
Geographic profiling is a criminal investigative methodology
that analyzes the locations of a connected series of crimes
to determine the most probable area of offender residence.
Korean police developed the Geographic Profiling System
(GeoPros) in 2009 for investigation and crime prediction.
In 2010, police adopted cluster analysis in GeoPros and
have been using it to predict residence of serial offender.
In addition, Scientific Investigation Center developed more
sophisticated algorithm for crime prediction in 2013.
This study aims to show predictive power and utility for
investigation of Korean Geographic Profiling System. For
this purpose, the author will mention developing history of
GeoPros and explain its basic principles and functions. Also,
cases which geographic profiling method were applied will
be presented in order to examine predictive power and utility
for investigation of analytic algorithm of GeoPros.
GEOGRAPHIC PROFILING; SERIAL CRIME;
PREDICTION OF RESIDENCE
KEYWORDS
guilty by the owner who had no second thoughts but to punish
them for their wrong-doing. The punishment left them a lifelong mark : a third of their index fingers was chopped off.
Guilt, regret and pain followed the next days of their lifes.
Medical care was provided to the three of them and the case
sent to court for judicial prossecution.
A year later, a psychological assessment was undertaken to
evaluate the psychological damage the life long deficiency
caused so far. All three boys still attend school but changes
had to be put in place in order to cope with the new physical
deficit. A deficit always present whether they are at home,
school or at the playground.
”We shall not do anything like that ever more” the boys
unanimously said!
This case also has a look into the judicial trial and penalty
applied to the torturer - has justice been put into place? Do
the boys and families feel justice has been done? A series of
recommendations follow.
KEYWORDS
CHILD VICTIMS; TORTURE; MOZAMBIQUE
ORAL PRESENTATION 47
FORENSIC PATHOLOGY (PT): FORENSIC
IMAGING I
O 47-1
A CASE OF CHILD TORTURE IN MOZAMBIQUE
Denisse Reves, Virgílio Ceia
Serviço de Medicina Legal, Hospital Central de Maputo,
Maputo, Mozambique
Mozambique has signed up to several international
agreements and treaties on the protection and enforcement
of children’s rights. Recently the country published laws
specifically targeting children and teenagers - examples.
Yet child mal-treatment and even torture cases still take place
in the country’s capital, city. João, Alberto and Manuel are
three youngsters aged 11, 12 and 13 years who live in the
outskirts of Maputo. In a busy Saturday they were called to
help the village’s busy street café where they usual do small
errands. The money drawer was left open at their eyesight and
payment was not meeting their expectations as usual, so they
decided to go for the short-cut - “perhaps the owner of the
café will not notice.” was the base ideia. To their misfortune,
at the end of the day money was short and they were plead
UTILITY OF POSTMORTEM X-RAY COMPUTED
TOMOGRAPHY (CT) FOR MEDICOLEGAL AUTOPSIES
ON DECEDENTS WITH BLUNT FORCE INJURIES
Kurt B. Nolte1, Sarah L. Lathrop2 , Gary M. Hatch1, Chandra
Y. Gerrard1, Jamie Elifritz3 , Brad W. Cushnyr3 , Gary
Mlady3 , Jennifer Pohl3 , Sam W. Andrews2 , Ian D. Paul2
1
Departments of Pathology and Radiology-Center for Forensic
Imaging, University of New Mexico School of Medicine,
Albuquerque, NM, United States; 2Department of Pathology,
Office of the Medical Investigator, University of New Mexico
School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States;
3
Department of Radiology, University of New Mexico School of
Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States
Purpose : We evaluated the utility of postmortem computed
tomography (CT) in supplementing or supplanting
medicolegal autopsy and in determining the cause of death
for decedents with fatal blunt force injuries.
Methods : During the study interval, all decedents at our
institution prospectively had a full-body postmortem CT
425
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 17 (Fri)
O 46-6
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 17 (Fri)
WFF2014
scan prior to autopsy. From these cases, we evaluated a
cohort of 167 decedents with blunt force injuries. The scans
were interpreted by board-certified radiologists (including
head and neck interpretation by a neuroradiologist) and
the autopsies were performed by board-certified forensic
pathologists. Autopsy pathologists were blinded to the
imaging findings and radiologists were blinded to the autopsy
findings. Autopsy and radiology reports were coded using
the Abbreviated Injury Scale© (AIS) 2005 Update 2008 by
a certified AIS coder. The autopsy and radiology reports,
AIS codes and cause of death statements for each case were
compared for congruence in a consensus conference that
included a radiologist and a pathologist who did not initially
interpret the autopsy or CT scan being reviewed.
Results : The decedents included 126 males and 41 females.
The mechanism of injury was motor vehicle collisions (57%),
assault (15%), pedestrians or bicyclists struck by motor
vehicles (11%), falls (8%), and other (9%). Pathologists
and radiologists generated cause of death (COD) statements
that matched for 143 (85%) cases. For 15 (9%) cases, only
the pathologist had a correct COD. For 6 (4%) cases, only
the radiologist had a correct COD. Both the pathologist and
radiologist had an incorrect COD in 3 (2%) cases.
A total of 3677 injuries were identified in the decedents
including those seen by CT only (1720), autopsy only (1058),
and autopsy + CT combined (899). of the total injuries,
autopsy discovered 1957 (53%) and CT discovered 2619
(71%). For the head region, autopsy identified 59% and CT
72% of injuries. More injuries were detected by CT than
autopsy for each injury severity score (ISS) coding region
except the external body surface. While the ISS generated
by CT and autopsy matched for 22% of cases, autopsy was
slightly more likely to result in a greater ISS than CT. For 76
(45%) decedents, the ISS scores differed by 10 or more points
between CT and autopsy. There was a statistically significant
association between the type of examination and assignment
of the most severe ISS of 75 (p=0.018). A moderate (0.63extremities) to strong (0.8- external) positive correlation
between maximum AIS scores by region existed when
comparing autopsy and CT. However, agreement between
maximum AIS scores varied from only slight (kappa=0.17,
head) to moderate (kappa=0.46, chest) when agreement by
chance was corrected.
Conclusions : Both autopsy and CT are imperfect and
complementary methods for identifying blunt force injuries.
Decedents with blunt force injuries often have a multiplicity
of damaged organs and tissues. While neither autopsy nor CT
is successful in discovering all of these injuries, each process
sufficiently reveals enough of the injuries to independently
foster the genesis of accurate cause of death statements.
426
KEYWORDS
AUTOPSY; CT SCAN; BLUNT FORCE INJURIES
O 47-2
THE EVALUATION OF POST-MORTEM MSCT
CORONARY CALCIFICATION SCORE USNG IN
DIAGNOSE OF SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH
Wan Lei
Forensic, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice,
Shanghai, China
Abstract : In forensic science, the internal and external
scholars have paid more attention to the application of virtual
autopsy which is primary used in mechanical death, whereas
there are few effective methods to test the sudden coronary
death. This research will evaluate the application value of
Calcium scoring in indentifying the sudden coronary death in
forensic science.
Methods : to review 9 cases of sudden coronary death which
have been confirmed by autopsy and to apply Agatston’s
method to analyzed the calcium degree of coronary
quantitively. Comparing with autopsy, if calcium scoring is
more than 100, the diagnosis of sudden coronary death will be
give.
Results : the calcium scoring of 4 sudden coronary deaths is
apparent, and the rate of prediction is as 44.4% as high. The
pneumonedema is found in 9 cases.
Conclusion : the calcium scoring would successfully
predict the obvious coronary calcification, but it is not
sensitive to slight calcification of sudden coronary death and
Angiography is still need to supply a gap.
KEYWORDS VIRTUAL ANATOMY; CORONARY ARTERY;
CALCIFICATION
O 47-3
PATHOLOGICAL AND RADIOGRAPHIC FINDINGS
IN INVESTIGATING PEDIATRIC HEAD AND NECK
TRAUMA
Jeffrey Jentzen
Pathology, University, Ann Arbor, United States
A recent publication by Matshes et al., “Shaken Infants
Die of Neck Trauma, Not of Brain Trauma,” described
the pathological findings of infants with a high suspicion
of hyperflexion and hyperextension neck trauma. In all
cases, autopsies of cervical spine dissection preparations
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
KEYWORDS SHAKEN BABY SYNDROME; ABUSIVE
HEAD TRAUMA; CHILD ABUSE
O 47-4
MULTIPHASE POST-MORTEM COMPUTED
TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY – RESULTS OF A
MULTICENTER VALIDATION STUDY
Jochen Grimm1, Silke Grabherr1, Axel Heinemann2 ,
Giuseppe Guglielmi3 , Krzysztof Wozniak4 , Franziska
Eplinius5 , Fabrice Dedouit6 , Florian Fischer7, Guy Rutty8 ,
Bruno Morgan8
1
Legal Medicine, University Center of Legal Medicine
Lausanne/geneva and University of Lausanne, Lausanne,
Switzerland; 2Institute for Legal Medicine, University Hospital
Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; 3Institute of Legal
Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy; 4Department of
Legal Medicine, Collegium Medicum Jagiellonian University,
Krakow, Poland; 5Institute for Legal Medicine, University of
Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; 6Department of Legal Medicine,
University Hospital Tulouse, Tulouse, France; 7Institute for
Legal Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich,
Munich, Germany; 8East Midlands Forensic Pathology Unit,
Leicester Royal Infirmary, University of Leicester, Leicester,
United Kingdom; 9Institute for Legal Medicine, University of
Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Purpose : Post mortem imaging, especially post mortem CT
(PMCT), is about to become a routine technique in forensic
medicine. However, the diagnostic value of unenhanced CT
is limited. The post mortem injection of contrast agent can
significantly improve post mortem diagnostics as it enhances
soft tissue and parenchyma diagnostics and reliably allows
discovering even discrete vascular pathologies. Different
technical approaches are pursued across the world, creating a
need for validation and standardization of the method in order
to increase its acceptance in court and facilitate its transition
into forensic routine. With this aim, an international working
group has been performing a prospective multicenter study
to validate MPMCTA, define its indications and evaluate
its advantages and limitations, especially compared to
conventional autopsy.
Methods and Materials : We report the results of the first 300
of 500 planned cases. All cases received previously published
Multi Phase Post Mortem Angiography (MPMCTA,
including unenhanced PMCT) followed by conventional
autopsy. All findings were recorded for each method (PMCT,
MPMCTA, autopsy) and categorized by anatomical structure
(bone, parenchyma, soft tissue, vascular) and importance for
the forensic case (essential, useful, not important).
Results : The majority of findings were visualized with all
three techniques. PMCT detected more skeletal lesions than
autopsy. MPMCTA was superior to autopsy at identifying
skeletal and vascular lesions, where it detected a number of
lesions essential to the forensic case which were not detected
at autopsy. Conventional autopsy provided better information
than PMCT and MPMCTA about essential soft tissue lesions
and allowed distinguishing post-mortem vs. intra-vital
vascular occlusions. Best results were obtained using the
combination of autopsy and MPMCTA.
Conclusion : Unenhanced PMCT as part of the MPMCTA
protocol is well suited to detect skeletal lesions. Both
MPMCTA and autopsy are able to detect potentially
essential lesions not detected by the respective other method.
This opens the path to defining indications for one or the
other method, or a combination. Combining autopsy with
427
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 17 (Fri)
demonstrated eight “unilateral or bilateral intraneural and/
or perineural hemorrhage involving the nerve roots at spinal
levels C3 to C5. The authors promoted that the observed
injuries were capable of disrupting innervation to the
diaphragm and thus resulting in asphyxia. “They proposed
that nerve root hemorrhage at levels C3 to C5 to be a specific
marker of hyperflexion/extension injuries sustained due
to shaking and other forms of indirect neck trauma that
accompany head impact.
This paper will present four additional cases of pediatric
head and neck trauma, which supports the pathological
findings and conclusions of neural root ganglion hemorrhage
in victims of shaking by Matshes et al. In addition, we
will present radiographic and pathological findings of
“coroner-type” fractures of perivertebral metaphyseal rib
heads in infants suspected of being shaken. In these cases,
pathological examination confirms the suspicion of fracture
noted on postmortem CT-scan.
In conclusion, the use of postmortem CT directed
radiographic cervical postmortem neck dissection as
described by Matsches and others is recommended in all
cases of suspected child abuse. These studies are increasingly
detecting and documenting the presence of significant neck
trauma which confirms the presence of injuries resulting from
shaking alone or in combination with blunt-force impact to
the head in cases of abusive head trauma. This presentation
serves as the beginning of a meta-analysis of subtle injuries
and their detection in case of fatal and non-fatal child abuse.
Reference :
Evan W. Matshes, et al., “Shaken Infants Die of Neck Trauma,
Not of Brain Trauma,” Acad for Path 2011, 1 (1); 82-91
WFF2014
MPMCTA increases the overall quality of post mortem
diagnostics and the diagnostic confidence at determining the
cause and manner of death.
The results of this study provide researchers and practitioners
with a solid data base demonstrating the diagnostic power
of PMCT and MPMCTA. Results of previous studies are
confirmed, indicating that in a variety of case categories
autopsy should no longer be considered the gold standard
for post mortem diagnostics, but rather the combination
of autopsy with contrast enhanced post mortem imaging
techniques like MPMCTA.
KEYWORDS FORENSIC IMAGING; MULTI-PHASE POST
MORTEM CT ANGIOGRAPHY; TECHNICAL WORKING
GROUP POST MORTEM ANGIOGRAPHY METHODS
(TWGPAM)
O 47-5
CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY STUDIES OF PIG HEART
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 17 (Fri)
Wan Lei
Forensic Pathology, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of
Justice, P.r.china, Shanghai, China
Abstract : Objective To establish standardized methods and
parameters by the isolated pig heart coronary angiography.
Methods Using the remodel angiography equipment, the
coronary artery of the pig heart was perfused by the contrast
agents. The better contrast agent was chosen by comparing
the fat-soluble contrast agent with the water-soluble contrast.
On the basis of the different perfusion of contrast agent
(50mL, 60mL and 70mL) and the different interval time
between perfusion and image (5min, 10min and 20min), 72
cases of isolated pig hearts were divided into 9 groups, with
8 cases each group. Each case was scanned by MSCT and
the images were deal with 3D image processing. The images
of each group were evaluated and compared with each other
by 2 radiologists. The results were analyzed by the statistical
software. Results The fat-soluble contrast agent infiltrated
and destroyed the surrounding fat of the coronary artery, but
the water-soluble contrast agent did not lead to this result.
The better images were obtained when the perfusion of
contrast agent was 60mL or 70mL and interval time between
perfusion and image was 5 minutes. Conclusion Through
this study, a set of suitable in vitro cardiac angiography
parameters laid to carry out post-coronary angiography in the
post-mortem heart.
KEYWORDS
428
FORENSIC PATHOLOGY; ANGIOGRAPHY;
VIRTOPSY
O 47-6
EFFICACY AND EFFICIENCY OF MULTI-PHASE
POST MORTEM CT-ANGIOGRAPHY (MPMCTA) ON
ALTERED BODIES
Christine Chevallier1, Francesco Doenz2 , Paul Vaucher3 ,
Patrice Mangin1, Silke Grabherr1
1
Center of Legal Medicine Lausanne-Geneva, University,
Lausanne, Switzerland; 2Department of Radiology and
Interventional Radiology, University Hospital, Lausanne,
Switzerland; 3Center of Legal Medicine Lausanne-Geneva,
University, Geneva, Switzerland
Purpose : During the last years, imaging techniques such
as MDCT (Multidetector Computed Tomography) have
become a routine in forensic investigations in many
centers. On decomposed bodies, minimally or non-invasive
radiological techniques show great advantages. To quantify
the degree of decomposition and other forms of alteration
on the radiological images, the “Radiological Alteration
Index” (RAI) has been introduced. This index describes the
alteration of cadavers by quantifying the presence of gas in
the body using postmortem MDCT imaging.
To examine the vascular system in detail, post-mortem
CT angiography has been introduced. The most frequently
used technique is called Multi-phase Post Mortem CT
Angiography (MPMCTA) and uses a standardized protocol
consisting in the injection of an oily perfusate mixed with
contrast media. As such an exam shows great advantages for
investigating the vascular system, the question arises if it is
still practicable on altered bodies presenting a high RAI.
Material and Method : From a database containing 430 cases
on which a MPMCTA has been performed, we selected cases
which showed an RAI ≥ 50 (group 1). To create a control
group, we selected correlative cases showing same age, sex
and cause of death but with a RAI ≤ 10. The native CT-scan
and each phase of the MPMCTA were then evaluated by a
radiologist without specific forensic imaging training and a
forensic pathologist with special training in forensic imaging.
Results : In group 1, 20 cases of our database could be
selected. (Mean RAI = 69.5). The control group (n=20)
showed a mean RAI of 2.25.
By comparing the results, we observed that several artifacts
were correlated to the RAI index. While the control group
presented artifacts which were already known for the
technique of MPMCTA, we observed additional artifacts
in group 1. In cases where the RAI were related to multiple
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
traumatic lesions, those artifacts were partial or nonopacification of cervical and intra-cranial vessels, related
to major arterial or venous lesions at thoracic or abdominal
levels. Artifacts observed in cases in which the RAI was
increased due to cadaveric alteration (putrefaction) were
new artifacts which had never been described before. Such
artifacts were slight extravasation of contrast agent in the
orbits, the cortex of kidneys, and in the surrounding tissue of
the spleen and glandular structures such as the thyroid and
suprarenal glands. Enhancement of the myocardium could
also be observed, which would be considered as pathologic
in cases of fresh cadavers. Artifacts due to postmortem
blood clots, which are observed regularly in cases of short
postmortem delay, seemed to appear less frequently in
decomposed bodies. However, appearance of gas bubbles in
the vascular lumen, even after contrast agent injection, has
been noticed to increase with higher RAI.
Conclusion : The performance of MPMCTA in altered bodies
is still possible even with a RAI of 100. The diagnostic
value of this investigation remains pertinent. However, there
are some specific artifacts which are related to a high RAI,
especially in decomposed bodies. They are important to know
in order to interpret the radiological data correctly.
KEYWORDS A L T E R E D B O D I E S ; F O R E N S I C
RADIOLOGY; ANGIOGRAPHY
TOXICOLOGY / ILLICIT DRUGS (TI): ILLICIT
DRUGS
O 48-1
CURRENT PATTERNS OF DESIGNER DRUG USE IN
THE US ELECTRONIC DANCE MUSIC COMMUNITY
Jillian Yeakel1, Barry Logan1, Amanda Mohr1
1
Forensic Toxicology, Center for Forensic Science Research and
Education, Willow Grove, United States; 2Forensic Toxicology,
Nms Labs, Willow Grove, United States; 3Forensic Toxicology,
American Registry of Pathology, Dover, United States
Designer drugs, such as synthetic cathinones and substituted
phenethylamines have been introduced into the drug user
community over the last 5 years. US authorities have moved
to control dangerous compounds as they are discovered,
and in response, illicit manufacturers make structural
modifications to the drugs in an effort to create legal yet
KEYWORDS DESIGNER DRUGS; TOXICOLOGY; NOVEL
PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES
O 48-2
DESIGNER DRUGS IN BRAZIL 2012/2014: THE LIFE
WITHOUT STANDARDS
Leandro F. Machado1, Joao C. L Ambrosio1, Adriano O.
Maldaner1, Aline L. Oliveira2 , Juliana D. Schlischka1,
Clarisse F. Ferreira1
1
Nacional Institute of Criminalistic, Federal Police, Brasilia,
Brazil; 2Chemistry Institute, University of Brasilia, Brasilia,
Brazil
429
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 17 (Fri)
ORAL PRESENTATION 48
potent stimulant and hallucinogens. The ever-changing
drug market has presented a unique problem for medical
professionals and toxicologists in identifying the compounds
responsible for intoxication or adverse medical effects.
Attendees at electronic dance music (EDM) festivals have
been documented as having high rates of use of novel
psychoactive substances (NPS). We obtained biological
samples including urine from anonymous volunteer attendees
at a large EDM festival in the US in March of 2014 to
determine the patterns of use of known NPS as well as
to identify new and emerging compounds. In addition to
collecting urine, study participants were asked a series of
questions regarding their recent drug use and symptoms
experienced. The urine samples were screened via a battery
of tests including immunoassay (EIA), full scan GC-MS,
LC-QTOF, and RapidFire-MS/MS. The effectiveness of
these different screening methods was compared; 75 of
the 104 urine samples collected (72%) were positive for
drugs of interest by one or more screening techniques, with
good agreement between the various methods. The results
were also compared to the admissions of drug use, and
the substances the volunteers believed they had ingested.
The data demonstrated that this EDM sample population
had a high rate of use of drug use including NPS and
specific compounds detected included methylone, ethylone,
dimethylone, 4-fluoroamphetamine, butylone, alpha-PVP
and additional unidentified compounds currently undergoing
identification. Thirty seven of the 104 subjects (35%) had
NPS detected in urine, and 50% of the subjects with any drug
present were positive for NPS. The EDM population is a
useful sentinel group for studying and identifying patterns of
emerging drug use. The drugs identified in the urine samples
were frequently different from the drugs the subjects admitted
to or believed they were taking.
WFF2014
Worldwide the number of new psychotropic substances
(synthetic cannabinoids, phenethylamines, cathinones,
aminoindanes and plant derived highs) has been increasing
year by year. In Brazil, seizures made by the Federal Police
have shown a 400% increment in the number of synthetic
cannabinoids detected from 2012 to 2014, a 600% growth
of the 2-C/NBOMe compounds and approximately 800%
in phenethylamine-like substances. Brazilian legislation has
been slow to adapt to this new reality and, as of January 2014,
only 21 designer compounds are listed as drugs and only 1
synthetic cannabinoid is on the list (JWH – 018). To make
matters worse, due to bureaucratic reasons and importation
restrictions, access to certified standards is extremely hard.
Hence, the forensic laboratory of the Brazilian Federal
Police has made a concentrated effort to indubitably identify
emerging compounds through accredited methodology (CG/
MS, LC-MS/Q-TOF, FTIR and RMN). Such protocol has
allowed our laboratory to generate “home made” standards,
establishing an alternative route to the lack of certified
standards. Currently, in our laboratory 18 substances have
been submitted to the full scope of techniques available
and are now being used as work standards. Another 17
substances are under analysis. This communication presents
the analytical workflow that has been adopted to identify
compounds, the challenge to produce homemade standards
and how this program has led to changes in the Brazilian
legislation.
D E S I G N E R D R U G S ; C E RT I F I E D
STANDARDS; LAW ENFORCEMENT
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 17 (Fri)
KEYWORDS
socio-cultural background of the abusers and how the habits
affect their educational and social life.
Methodology : The study was designed as a descriptive
cross sectional study with a sample of 630 male school
children from grade ten to twelve from ten selected schools
in Colombo. Data collection was done through a selfadministered questionnaire and data analysis was done using
SPSS.
Results and Conclusions : 74% of the study population was
aware of the fact that drugs of abuse are consumed by the
school children, the common types and their street names and
routes of administration. The substances commonly abused
with their percentages were as follows : Cigarettes (66%),
Alcohol (54%), “Dum kudu” (34%), Marijuana (24%),
Beetle/Tobacco (22%) while Hans, “Tablets”, “Corex®”,
Hair Gel, “Madanamodaka” and heroin were reported in
minor percentages. Peer pressure (56%) and gaining a new
experience (42%) were the commonest reasons for initiation.
84% of the subjects have continued to use after the initial
experience. 85% of students who abused substances used
them with their friends. 77% did not have a specific place for
substance abuse. 81% of the subjects lived with their parents.
Below average academic performance was noticed in 55%
of the subjects. 65% of them had family-related problems
while 83% had problems with friends/peers and 62% had
relationship problems with partners.
KEYWORDS SUBSTANCE ABUSE; SCHOOL CHILDREN;
RECREATIONAL DRUGS
O 48-4
O 48-3
RECREATIONAL DRUG USE AMONG MALE SCHOOL
CHILDREN IN COLOMBO-SRI LANKA
Sanjaya Hulathduwa , Jean Perera
1
Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences,
University of Sri Jayawardenepure, Sri Lanka; 2Department of
Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo,
Sri Lanka
1
2
Introduction : Substance abuse has been recognized as a
growing problem in Sri Lanka. Several contemporaneous
studies done in the South East Asian region show that the
commonest target group is the adolescent male school
children. This study has been designed to understand the
demographic factors, knowledge and perceptions (attitudes),
type of substances used, contributing and triggering factors
for commencement and continuation of drug abuse and the
430
INCREASED DRUG SEIZURES IN HATAY -TURKEY
RELATED TO CIVIL WAR IN SYRIA
M.mustafa Arslan, Cem Zeren, Adnan Celikel, Ibrahim
Ortanca, Sumeyra Demirkiran
Department of Forensic Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University,
Hatay, Turkey
Background : Turkey is an important country in terms of
drug trafficking since Balkan route of Afghan opiates passes
through here and also local cannabis cultivations occur.
Hatay, a Syrian neighborhood city of Turkey, is hosting more
than 85000 of Syrian refugees escaping from civil war. In this
study, we aim to document the effect of Syrian Civil War and
refugee movements on illicit drug seizures in Hatay.
Material and Methods : In this study, we collected our data
retrospectively from the seizure records of Ministry of Justice
- Hatay Court House, from 2008 to 2013 and analyze it with
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
PASW Statistics 18 software.
Results : While yearly average amount of drug indictments
from 2008 to 2010 was 67 by the start of clashes in Syria it
was 85% more in 2011, 260% more in 2012 and 270% more
in 2013.
Conclusion : Lack of security and instability that Syria is
going through, and refugee flow from this country resulted
in an increased amount of illicit drug seizures, in Hatay. It is
suggesting interventions and precautions against drug trading
should focus on conflict zones and countries around them.
KEYWORDS C I V I L WA R ; I L L I C I T D R U G ; D R U G
TRAFFICKING
O 48-6
QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF EMERGING
DESIGNER DRUGS BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY
TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY, ION MOBILITY
SPECTROMETRY, AND DIRECT ANALYSIS IN REAL
TIME QUADRUPOLE TIME-OF-FLIGHT
Seongshin Gwak, Jose R. Almirall
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and International
Forensic Research Institute, Florida International University,
Miami, United States
KEYWORDS D E S I G N E R D R U G S ; I O N M O B I L I T Y
SPECTROMETRY; DART-MS
ORAL PRESENTATION 49
FORENSIC GENETICS & BIOLOGY (GB):
MICROBIOLOGY & PLANT AND OTHER ANIMAL
O 49-1
UTILITY OF SOIL MICROBIOME IN IDENTIFICATION
OF CARRION DECOMPOSITION SITE
Baneshwar Singh1, Tawni L. Crippen2 , Vanessa Sufrin1,
Aaron M. Tarone3 , Jennifer L. Pechal4 , M. Eric Benbow4 ,
431
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 17 (Fri)
The recent proliferation of designer drugs has been a serious
concern in law enforcement in the world. The majority of
designer drugs that are found on the streets are synthetic
cathinones (e.g. bath salts) and synthetic cannabinoids (e.g.
Spice, K2), which are produced to circumvent the current
legislation for controlled substances with small modifications
in chemical structure. The identification and characterization
of these drugs have been challenged in many forensic
laboratories due to the similar structures and the continuous
appearance of new designer drugs on the streets. Therefore,
it is necessary to develop novel analytical methods which
can be readily utilized in forensic laboratories, providing
the unambiguous identification and characterization of these
emerging designer drugs.
In this study, qualitative analysis of these drugs has been
performed by relatively new analytical techniques, such
as gas chromatography triple quadrupole tandem mass
spectrometry (GC-MS/MS), ion mobility spectrometry
(IMS), and Direct Analysis in Real Time quadrupole timeof-flight (DART-QTOF). Up to 244 designer drugs have
been analyzed by Agilent 7890A GC system coupled to
Agilent 7000 Triple Quad tandem mass spectrometer
with two ionization sources : electron ionization (EI) and
chemical ionization (CI). The implementation of the CI
source was beneficial to determine the molecular mass
of the drugs that are easily fragmented with the use of
an EI source. In addition, developed multiple reaction
monitoring (MRM) mode has shown increased sensitivity
and selectivity in the analysis of designer drugs using GCMS/MS. The advantages of IMS and DART-QTOF are the
rapid detection and characterization of these substances
compared to conventional analytical techniques, such as gas
and liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry.
A significant number of designer drugs have been analyzed
by the commercial IMS (Barringer IONSCAN) with a 63Ni
ionization source, providing the characteristic reduced
mobility (K0) for each drug. The separation and detection
of the substances occurred within 20 ms; however, this
technique is limited to screening purposes due to the
potential false-positive results from the similar K0 values
between some of the drugs. As an ambient ionization source,
DART (IonSense) allows for the rapid and unambiguous
identification of substances coupled to high resolution
Agilent 6530 QTOF mass analyzer, providing an exact mass
of molecular ions. The acquisition of full scan and product
ion scan mass spectra were performed in the positive mode
with a mass range of 50 to 600 amu. The auto MS/MS mode
was used to differentiate isobars applying different collision
energies (CE) at 10, 20, and 40 eV to precursor ions in a
quadrupole. The obtained product ion scan mass spectra from
DART-QTOF are also compared to the mass spectra from
different ionization sources, such as EI, CI, and electrospray
ionization (ESI). As a proof-of-concept, the developed
methods using different techniques were used to analyze
actual seized drugs with the collaboration of the local forensic
laboratory.
WFF2014
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 17 (Fri)
Jeffery K. Tomberlin3
1
Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University,
Richmond, United States; 2Food and Feed Safety Research,
Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS,
College Station, United States; 3Department of Entomology,
Texas A&M University, College Station, United States;
4
Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East
Lansing, United States
Microbes associated with carrion, soil, and insects play
significant role in carrion decomposition process. As
cadaver decompose, it releases nutrients to the underlying
soil, which can have significant impact on soil microbial
community structure. But whether this change in bacterial
community structure will be useful in identification of
carrion decomposing sites are currently not known. In this
study, 11 human cadavers were placed on pristine sites at
the forensic anthropology research facility (FARF) of Texas
State University, San Marcos, TX, and soil samples were
collected from under the cadavers that were 0 to 24 months
old. As a control, soil samples were also collected from
1m and 5m away from the cadavers. DNA extraction was
performed using organic extraction method, and extracted
DNA was purified using MO BIO PowerClean® DNA CleanUp Kit. Three variable regions (V1-V3) of 16S rRNA gene
were amplified from extracted DNA using primer pairs
28F and 519R. Amplified products were sequenced using
barcoded 454-pyrosequecning. Sequence data were analyzed
using Mothur pipeline for hierarchical classification,
diversity estimation, multivariate analyses, and for analysis
of molecular variance (AMOVA). Some statistical analyses
were also performed in R. Result from this study suggests
that bacterial community structure of soil samples that were
collected from under the cadavers were significantly different
than bacterial community structure of either 1m or 5m
away soil samples. On the other hand bacterial community
structure was not significantly different between 1m and 5m
away soil samples. Soil under the cadaver had much higher
relative sequence abundances of Actinobacteria, Firmicutes,
Bacteroidetes, and TM7 than either soil samples collected
at 1m and 5m away from the body. On the hand other hand
relative sequence abundance of Acidobacteria was much
higher at 1m and 5m away soil samples compared to under
the body soil samples. In conclusion, this study provides
strong evidence for the first time that soil bacteria can be used
as a forensic indicator for identification of potential carrion
decomposition sites. Results from this study will help in
identification of potential sites where human cadavers might
have decomposed.
432
CARRION ECOLOGY; METAGENOMICS;
CARRION DECOMPOSITION SITE
KEYWORDS
O 49-2
DOES HUMAN HANDS BACTERIAL FLORA USEFUL IN
FORENSIC SCIENCES?
Ayse Kaya, Huseyin Cakan, Filiz Ekim Cevik
Istanbul University, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Istanbul,
Turkey
By means of its scientific ability in identifying evidences,
forensic science provides significant contribution to the
judicial system all around the world. New types of crimes and
criminals brought along by the rapidly developing technology
and the changing social life have triggered a process that
strengthens the abilities of forensic science applications.
As a consequence of this process the field of forensic
microbiology among forensic science applications started to
gain prominence and through both domestic and international
efforts the field in question was developed into an confirmed
and developed field of science. In our study we aimed to
utilize the remains of bacterial masses people leave on the
surfaces they touch for the purposes of forensic identification.
With consideration of these characteristics of bacteria in
our skin, in one of the studies conducted in recent years it
was demonstrated that the determination of bacterial masses
on human skin may bring in a new perspective to forensic
sciences. In this study the differences between compositions
of bacterial masses of different individuals were determined
to be statistically significant.
Within the scope of study, through the use of sterile swab
sticks, samples were collected from the dominant hands
of the individuals in our study group, formed of students
and employees of the Institute of Forensic Medicine of
the Istanbul University whose informed consents were
obtained in advance. In addition, samples were also
taken from the personal belongings of these individuals.
Collected samples were subjected to microbiological
culture analyses and planted on the related plates in terms of
Gram negative bacteria, Gram positive bacteria and Fungal
culture. Whether or not microorganism reproduction takes
place were examined through culturing. In cases where
reproduction is confirmed, diagnoses were made through
species identification of the microorganisms with the use of
commercial identification kits.
Significant microorganism matches were determined as a
result of the evaluation of the data obtained in consequence
of the microbiological analyses carried out on the samples
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
collected with the consideration of the varying socioeconomic statuses and demographical characteristics
of the participants. Particularly, while Staphylococcus
epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Corynebacterium sp,
Propionibacterium acnes, Micrococcus luteus, Diplococcus
sp produced from Gram positive bacteria and Bacillus sp
produced from Gram negative bacteria, mostly Candida sp
produced from yeasts. These obtained data indicates that
the differences between bacterial masses on skin are much
larger than what was known previously. Within the light of
this study, the high diversity of the bacterial masses on skin
may be explained with the differences between individuals.
It is possible to assert that bacterial masses on skin may be
personalized by means of the match between the bacteria
available on the skin of the person and those on the surface
of the object the person touches. Through this characteristic
nature of bacteria, we aim to utilize the microorganisms that
are not visible to the naked eye as evidences by being able to
determine who has touched an object in question.
BACTERIAL FORENSICS; SKIN
MICROBIOLOGY; MICROBIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
KEYWORDS
O 49-3
Zakaria Ikhwan1, Mohamed Abdul Majid1, Surin Johari2 ,
Omar Baharuddin3
1
Pusat Asasi Sains, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia; 2Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine,
University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; 3Department
of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences,
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
The growth curves of C. megacephala was studied at six
temperature regimes; 25°C, 27°C, 29°C, 31°C, 33°C and
35°C. Five of the largest looking maggots were removed
from all the rearing jars every 12h for the first 72h; and
every 24h for the subsequent developmental time, for
measurements. Best-fitted line regression analysis was done
on growth curves of each developmental stage, and box plot
for every 24h growth for comparisons between temperatures
regimes were drawn. C. megacephala larvae reached their
maximum length of 13.52 ± 0.65 mm, on day 6 at 25°C.
The maximum larval length for 27°C, 29°C and 31°C were
KEYWORDS
F O R E N S I C E N TO M O L O G Y;
C.MEGACEPHALA; GROWTH CURVES
O 49-4
THE SUCCESSION PATTERN OF FORENSICALLY
IMPORTANT COLEOPTERA ON PIG CARCASSES IN
SOUTHERN CHONGQING
Zhou Lv1, Rui Tang1, Yongqiang Yang2 , Lvzi Xu1, Lihua
Wan1
1
Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical
Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China;
2
Wansheng District Sub-Bureau, Public Security Bureau of
Chongqing, Chongqing, China
The succession pattern of carrion insects on vertebrate
carcasses is widely accepted as an effective method to
estimate the postmortem interval of decayed bodies.
However, there were only several reports in this field in
China. This study was performed in a mountain (28°57′
10″N; 106°56′3″E, alt. 350 m) in southern suburbs of
Chongqing City. Four Guangxi Bama minipigs (Sus scrofa
L.) weighted 6.9 - 9.1 kg were used from winter of 2012 to
autumn of 2013. Minipigs were killed by a sharp blow to
the head and put into a modified version of Schoenly trap
(Prado e Castro 2009) in 1 h. A digital thermo-hygrometer
was used to record temperature and relative humidity. We
distinguished the process of decomposition into five stages
following Payne’s classification : fresh, bloated, active
decay, advanced decay, and remains. Samples were collected
from the trap once a day during the fresh, bloat, and decay
stages, and once 2 - 3 days during the advanced decay and
remains stages. A total of 992 adults and 558 immature of
Coleoptera were collected, and 29 species from 9 families
were identified. Highest values of Coleoptera abundance and
species richness were found in spring. The results showed
that there were 6 highly carcass-related families in southern
suburbs of Chongqing City : Staphylinidae, Silphidae, and
Histeridae, Cleridae, Nitidulidae and Dermestidae. Necrodes
nigricornis (Coleoptera : Silphidae), Omosita sp. (Coleoptera
: Nitidulidae) and their larvae were the dominant species
433
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 17 (Fri)
GROWTH CURVES OF C. MEGACEPHALA
(FABRICIUS) (DIPTERA: CALLIPHORIDAE) LARVAE
AT SIX CONSTANT TEMPERATURE REGIMES FOR
ESTIMATION OF POST MORTEM INTERVALS (PMI) IN
MALAYSIA.
15.46 ± 0.60 mm, 14.96 ± 0.4 0mm and 15.26 ± 0.53 mm
respectively, observed on day 5. For both 33°C and 35°C
temperature regimes, the larvae reached their maximum
length on day 4, measured 15.40 ± 0.70 mm and 14.58 ±
0.92 mm respectively. Maggots reared in higher temperature
regimes (31°C, 33°C and 35°C), reached the maximal length
faster and pupated earlier.
WFF2014
in spring, while Necrobia ruficollis (Coleoptera : Cleridae)
and larvae of Dermestes sp. (Coleoptera : Dermestidae)
dominate in summer. N. ruficollis was the only dominant
species in autumn. It was very interesting that the succession
of Coleoptera did not follow those classic patterns of other
similar reseaches in winter. Beetles only activated at the end
of winter when temperature warming up. Beetles colonized
the body since bloated stage and become the peak during
the decay and advanced decay stages in spring and autumn.
In summer, Euspilotus azurescens (Coleoptera : Histeridae)
and N. nigricornis invaded the carcass in 24 h at the later
stage of fresh. Larvae of Dermestes could reach a very high
population in advanced decay and remains stages in summer.
In addition, although the average temperature in summer and
autumn were similar, as the result of reducing of population
of predatory beetles in autumn, the mortality of larvae of
necrophagous flies was reduced greatly. Therefore, the
process of carcass corruption was much faster than that in
summer.
Schedule I drugs. Morning glory and Datura plants produce
alkaloids that may be directly ingested or further prepared
as illicit drugs. Morning glory seeds contain d-lysergic
acid amide, a compound chemically similar to psychedelic
LSD. Datura produce hallucinogenic alkaloids that include
hyoscyamine, scopolamine and atropine. Differentiation of
plant drug species is relevant to forensic science. Currently,
differentiation of these drug-producing plant species is based
on microscopic morphological analysis. DNA-based methods
have the potential to assay trace plant material, seeds and
mixtures of botanical matter. The purpose of this research
was to develop a single, low-cost, multiplex real-time PCR
genetic assay to identify trace amounts of aforementioned
plant DNA mingled with human DNA from fingerprints or
saliva. In addition, DNA recovery from plant seeds and leaves
will be reported.
KEYWORDS REAL-TIME PCR; PLANT DIFFERENTIATION;
DNA ASSAY
FORENSIC ENTOMOLOGY; SUCCESSION;
COLEOPTERA
KEYWORDS
ORAL PRESENTATION 50
O 49-5
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 17 (Fri)
DEVELOPMENT OF A GENETIC ASSAY TO IDENTIFY
DRUG-CONTAINING PLANT SPECIES IN A MIXTURE
Kelly Elkins, Anjelica Perez
Chemistry, Towson University, Towson, Md, United States
The 2012 National Survey on Drug Use and Health by
the U.S. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services
Administration reported that an estimated 23.9 million
Americans (9.2% population) aged 12 or older were current
users of illicit drugs in 2012. By far the most commonly
used illicit drug was marijuana with 18.9 million users
in the month prior to the interviews. In routine forensic
casework, it is sometimes necessary to identify the nonhuman species to track drug distribution networks, verify
alibis and locate kidnapping victims. Most forensic evidence
contains trace material and mixtures. In particular cases, the
species origin has a primary legal value or significance to
a case. Current drug tests cannot identify the plant source,
if any. Cannabis, morning glory, Datura and poppy plant
species are commercially-available and legal flowering plants
that naturally produce psychoactive compounds. Cannabis
produce hallucinogenic tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) while
poppy plants produce analgesic opiates like heroin. Both
THC and heroin are U.S. Federal Controlled Substance
434
FINGERPRINT / SCENE INVESTIGATION (FPR/
SI): ACCREDITATION / TRAINING / EDUCATION,
SCENE INVESTIGATION
O 50-2
LINKAGE OF CRIMINAL CASES USING SHOEPRINT
LEFT AT CRIME SCENE BASED ON THE MODERN
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Huanzhang Fu
Marks Examination, Institute of Forensic Science, Beijing,
China
Shoeprint is one of the most frequent evidences in the
crime scene investigation; however, how to efficiently
use it to solve the criminal cases remains a difficult and
complex problem. In modern society, the development of
computer science, network technology, image processing
and pattern recognition techniques as well as their related
theories and application techniques gives birth to some new
possible methods to improve the utilization of shoeprint.
Moreover, along with the rapid development of China’s
economy, the number of the crimes of fleeing hither and
thither increased also rapidly. In this background, we
have constructed a shoeprint information system based on
the modern information technology, which is composed
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
of three main parts, namely the application platform for
shoeprint information collaborative searching, the database
of shoeprint collected at crime scenes and the engine of
pattern recognition, with the purpose of realizing the linkage
of criminal cases quickly and precisely using shoeprint
throughout the whole country. We would like to share our
experiences in the construction and application of this system
in this presentation.
S H O E P R I N T; L I N K A G E O F C A S E S ;
APPLICATION SYSTEM
KEYWORDS
O 50-3
from a large Bradford Pear (Pyrus calleryana) branch 6-12
cm in diameter. The cut sections were juxtaposed and
photographed using oblique lighting to visualize the patterns.
Out of 50 sections examined, thirty-six sections (65%)
contained sufficient tool mark striation patterns useful in
matching the cut sections. Fourteen (35%) sections did not
have sufficient tool mark striation patterns for matching
purposes. The majority of sections that did not match were
from the smaller diameter samples ~ 6 cm in diameter. In
conclusion, the linear striation patterns produced by the
chainsaw were useful in making preliminary matches of
the cut samples. Therefore, examination of chainsaw tool
mark stratigraphy patterns is recommended in timber theft
investigations to determine preliminary matches.
CHAINSAW TOOL MARK STRATIGRAPHY PATTERNS
James Bailey1, Piotr Trojanowski2 , Sergeii Buhonsky3
1
Law Enforcement, Minnesota State University, Mankato, United
States; 2Manager of Crime Scene Officers, Central Forensic
Laboratory of the Police, Warsaw, Poland; 3Forensic Research
Center, Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, Kherson,
Ukraine
O 50-4
DETECTION OF RECENT HOLDING OF FIREARMS:
IMPROVING THE SENSITIVITY OF THE PDT TEST
Joseph Almog, Karni L. Bar-Or, Amihud Leifer, Yair Delbar,
Yinon Harush-Brosh
Applied Chemistry, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
Despite the significant improvement of the PDT test for
detecting recent contact with firearms, there are still many
occasions in which the modified reagent (FerrotraceTM)
shows insufficient sensitivity. Two techniques have been
devised and tested for the enhancement of the sensitivity
of this process : exposure to water vapors, and accelerated
sweating. Exposure of the hand to water vapors after spraying
with the reagent significantly improved the quality of the
colored impressions. The average increase was by 1 qualitygrade (on an arbitrary scale of 4 grades). The technique is very
simple and does not require any particular skill or equipment.
Mechanistic aspects of the process are also discussed.
FIREARMS; TRACE METAL DETECTION
TEST (TMDT); FERROTRACE
KEYWORDS
O 50-5
COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE DUST AND DRY
RESIDUE FOOTWEAR IMPRESSION LIFTING
EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT OBJECTS IN USING THE
ELECTROSTATIC LIFTING
435
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 17 (Fri)
Theft of timber from private and public land occurs in
the United States, Poland, Ukraine and other countries
with woodlands. It is difficult to prevent illegal cutting of
timber in large forested areas and absentee owners are more
vulnerable to timber theft than on-site owners. The United
States has approximately 750 million acres of woodlands and
economists estimate that the theft of timber is a one billion
dollar industry annually. It is estimated that 10% of the trees
cut from national forests are from theft. Approximately
25,000 homes could be built annually from the amount of
timber stolen in the United States alone.
When there is a report of stolen timber and a load of stolen
logs recovered, the investigator can use chainsaw tool
mark stratigraphy patterns on the logs to make preliminary
matches between the recovered logs and the stumps in the
forest. Chainsaw tool mark stratigraphy patterns occur when
chainsaws are used to cut trees. When the person operating
the chainsaw manipulates the saw, positions and re-positions
the saw during the cutting process, a chainsaw tool mark
pattern is created. As the chainsaw removes chips of wood
from the tree, a series of linear striations create a pattern on
each side of the cut section. Movement and positioning of
the saw during the cut is indicative of the pattern produced.
Finally, a conclusive match can be accomplished by
comparing the tree rings.
In this study, to produce tool mark stratigraphy patterns, a
chainsaw was used to cut 50 sections ~ 2-3 cm in thicknesses
KEYWORDS T H E F T O F T I M B E R ; T O O L M A R K
PATTERNS; TREE RINGS
WFF2014
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 17 (Fri)
Yao Li, Ding Ke
Department of Trace Examination Technology, National Police
University of China, Shen Yang, China
Electrostatic lifting is the method which aims to lift the
two dimensional footwear impressions of the dust and dry
residue particles on the surface of the dry and insulation
origin through electrostatic field that produced by the
electrostatic lifting device, in the way of the film is in direct
physical contact with the impression to lift the dust and dry
residue particles. The lifted impressions can be always take
examination quality photographs first to record lifting effect
under the conditions of different voltage, temperature and
relative humidity; in addition, the assignment method applied
in the thesis to rate the lifting effect and then observe the
results so as to obtain the goal of the research. The orthogonal
design method is used to determine under what conditions of
the voltage, temperature and relative humidity the research
purpose can be acquired with optimal portfolio of the lifting
effects.
This paper has made systematical research of the ten objects
by using electrostatic lifting. The ten objects are listed as
follows : towel, wood flooring, plastic flooring, floor tile,
cement floor, marble floor, rubber sheets, blankets, fabric and
anti-static floor. The thesis is based on the relevant documents
and a number of scientific experiments. According to the
physicochemical property of the objects which are listed
above, the best kind of lifting voltage, temperature, relative
humidity of different objects by using the electrostatic lifting
method can be shown. After repeated experiments and
observations, the findings are presented : (1) when the low
voltage is set between 5kV and 10kV, the medium voltage
is set between 10kV and 20kV and the high voltage is set
between 20kV and 30kV, the author has founded that the
effects of using the low voltage and the high voltage are
obvious while using the medium is not so obvious in testing
the hard objects; when testing the soft objects, the results are
the opposite. (2) when the low temperature is set between
5 and 15 degrees centigrade, the intermediate temperature
is set between 15 and 25 degrees centigrade and the high
temperature is set between 25 and 35 degrees centigrade, the
effects of using the low temperature and the high temperature
are obvious while the effect of using the intermediate
temperature is not so obvious in testing the hard objects.
(3) when the low relative humidity is set between 60% and
70%, the intermediate relative humidity is between 70% and
80% and the high relative humidity is set 80% to 90%, the
effects are obvious in using the low relative humidity and
intermediate relative humidity while the effect is not obvious
in using the high relative humidity.
436
On the basis of orthogonal experimental design, the author
has arranged the experiment reasonably to get the results
and by analyzing and summarizing the results, the optimal
portfolio of the lifting effects is obtained. After the results
having been tested, it is concluded that the optimal portfolio
of the lifting effects is the combination of 15kV voltage, 10
degrees centigrade and the 75% relative humidity.
KEYWORDS ELECTROSTATIC LIFTING; DUST AND DRY
RESIDUE FOOTWEAR IMPRESSION; ORTHOGONAL
EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
O 50-6
THE NEW METHOD OF FINDING THE AREA OF
ORIGIN INCLUDING THE PARABOLIC MOTION OF
BLOOD DROPLETS
Young-Il Seo, Dong-Hwan Kim, Jin-Pyo Kim, Byung-Sun
Moon, Kyung-Hwa Lee, Jae-Yong Song, Young-Woo Choi,
Sang-Yoon Lee, Jae-Mo Goh, Nam-Kyu Park
Divisiton of Forensic Safety, National Forensic Service, Wonju,
Korea (South)
In bloodstain pattern analysis, an area of origin of an impact
spatter can be evaluated using straight-line geometry.
This method assumes blood droplets travel in straight-line
trajectories. But blood droplets follow a parabolic trajectory
due to gravity and air resistance. So errors occur when
evaluating an area of origin using straight-line geometry.
We developed the algorithm of finding the area of origin
including the parabolic motion of blood droplets by solving
Newton’s equations of motion and developed a software to
calculate the area of origin including the parabolic motion of
blood droplets as well as the straight-line motion method. We
tested the software in the experiment and confirmed that the
method including the parabolic motion of blood droplets is
more accurate then the straight-line motion method.
KEYWORDS BLOODSTAIN PATTERN ANALYSIS; THE
AREA OF ORIGIN; PARABOLIC TRAJECTORY
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
ORAL PRESENTATION 51
FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY (OD): DENTAL
IDENTIFICATION
effect. Forensics has never been more popular or popularized,
in crime dramas or in documentary-style series featuring real
crimes and real scientists, can their influence be quantifiable ?
O 51-1
KEYWORDS F O R E N S I C O D O N T O L O G Y; M E D I A
BROADCASTING; FORENSIC TV SERIES
FLIGHT AF 447 RIO DE JANEIRO-PARIS CRASH ON
JUNE 1ST 2009.
FORENSIC ODONTOSTOMATOLOGIC ASPECTS
O 51-3
Hutt Jean Marc, Drogou Gwenola, Danjard Charles
Forensic Odontology, AFIO, PARIS, France
SUMMARY : It is so far the most important French air
disaster, in view of the number of victims.
On June 1st, 2009 an Airbus 330 connecting Rio de Janeiro to
Paris disappeared in the South Atlantic, causing 228 victims
of 33 different nationalities.
In the aftermath of 7 research and identification phases
between June 2009 and November 2011, the authorization
was eventually given for the formal identification of 153
bodies, a significant part of which was identified thanks to the
odontological data.
The outstanding fact is that the flight recorders were located
after almost 2 years at a depth of 12,800 feet.
Another 103 bodies were brought up to the surface after the
first collection of 50 bodies floating on the ocean surface in
June 2009. (About 20’ with Power point)
FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY; AIR DISASTER;
O 51-2
MEDIA BROADCASTING AND FORENSIC
ODONTOLOGY
Drogou Gwenola, Hutt Jean Marc
AFIO, IOFOS, PLOEMEUR, France
This presentation will show various ways media broadcasting
can occur in forensics and particularly in forensic odontology
: How media broadcasting can help to find missing persons or
identify unknowns.
We will describe Media coverage in mass disasters.
New technologies improvement allows immediate news
propagation. Interpol recommendations for media coverage
in case of DVI will also be exposed.
Then, in third part, we will approach forensic TV series
worldwide success and the effect in the court room called CSI
Fabio Salvador1, Tais Muniz2 , Ademir Rosario Jr.3 , Jose
Manoel Reis Neto2
1
Federal Police Department, Ministry of Justice, Curitiba,
Brazil; 2Geology Department, Federal University of Parana,
Curitiba, Brazil; 3Stomatology Department, Pontifical Catholic
University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
The analysis of stable isotope ratios for application in
forensic sciences is increasingly used worldwide and has
been very promising. In Brazil, the Laboratory for the
Analysis of Minerals and Rocks – LAMIR, at the Geology
Department of the Federal University of Paraná, develops the
technique to analyze the ratio of stable isotopes of Carbon (C)
and Oxygen (O) from dental enamel and dentine, aiming to
identify the nature and origin of teeth found at crime scenes
and mass disasters. This technique also becomes a tool for
the analysis of teeth and bones of homicide victims, killed
in guerrillas and military episodes of political conflicts in
Brazil. All the matter existing in the universe is composed
by atomic bonds of stable and/or radioactive isotopes. A
specific isotopic signature is obtained from the variation of
mass existing between the heavier and the lighter isotopes of
a same element. Specifically, human teeth contain inorganic
matter, mainly carbonate-hydroxyapatite, which has about
4,5% of CO2 in its structure. In the present study, we
investigated the signature of δ13C and δ18O from human
teeth using mass spectrometry for determination of the
isotopic ratio. Our primary aim was to verify the viability
of achieving geographic origin of an individual, using the
premise that the isotopic signature of every tissue in living
organisms is a reflection of the isotopic signature of its diet,
which changes due to its geographic location. Based on
that, we approached the analysis of different human teeth,
using dental enamel and dentin. The results obtained using
more than one dozen of human teeth from different regions
of Brazil show a significant pattern to prove that there are
different isotopic signatures all over the country, which can
be used to identify the geographic origin of a person. In the
437
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 17 (Fri)
KEYWORDS
AFIO
MINERALOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF 13C AND 18O
FOR APPLICATIONS IN FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY
WFF2014
Brazilian states of Amazonas, Ceará and Rio Grande do Sul
different values were obtained : Amazonas : δ13C : -11,49
and δ18O : -5,52; Ceará : δ13C : -10,48 and δ18O : -3,80;
Rio Grande do Sul : δ13C : -10,89 and δ18O : -5,31. The
obtained results within the present research reveal potential
applicability for the forensic routine of Brazil, consequently
bringing positive outcomes for public security.
KEYWORDS
S TA B L E I S O T O P E S ; H U M A N
IDENTIFICATION; FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY AND
GEOLOGY
O 51-4
DISCRIMINATION POTENTIAL OF ROOT CANAL
TREATED TOOTH IN FORENSIC DENTISTRY
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 17 (Fri)
Khalid Khalid
Forensic Dentistry, University of science and Technology,
Omdurman, Sudan
Forensic dentistry is a vital branch of forensic science that
involves the application of dental science to the identification
of unknown human remains and bite marks, using both
physical and biological dental evidence. 12 dental concordant
features are normally required for dental identification. The
aim of this study is to investigate the discriminatory potential
for identification for the radiographically morphology of
obturated root canals. 10 periapical radiographic images
were taken and labeled as set 1 (A-J). The second set (set2)
consisted of 10 duplicated radiographs of set 1 plus 20 other
randomly selected radiographs images not from set 1. These
set of radiographs will be examined by 40 dentally trained
personnel. The entire set 1 and the 30 radiographs from set 2
were be supplied to each of the examiners who were required
to match the individual postmortem radio graphs (set 1) with
the antemortem radio graphs (set2). The result showed that
33 examiners took the full mark, 5 examiners less than the
full mark by 1 and two examiners less than the full mark by
2. The radiographic images of obturated single rooted teeth in
this study were shown to have extraordinary morphological
features. If the antemortem and postmortem radiographs of
a single rooted obturated canal shows the same morphology,
this is may regard as unique feature then the radiographic
image of obturated single rooted canal can be used for
identification purpose.
KEYWORDS FORENSIC DENTISTRY; OBTURATED
ROOT CANAL; DENTAL IDENTIFICATION
O 51-6
A GLANCE AT DENTAL IMPLANTS AS A FORENSIC
IDENTIFICATION TOOL: A REVIEW ARTICLE
Arash Ghodousi3 , Zohre Maleki1, Ehsan Talebzade2
1
Faculty of Dentistry, Khorasgan (Isfahan) Branch, Islamic Azad
University, Isfahan, Iran, Islamic Republic of; 2Department of
Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Khorasgan (Isfahan)
Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran, Islamic Republic
of; 3Department of Nursing & Midwifery, Khorasgan (Isfahan)
Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran, Islamic Republic
of
Dental implants have become a popular choice of treatment
in replacing a single missing tooth or entire dentitions. In
order to facilitate bone integration and prevent foreign body
reaction, dental implants are typically made from titanium,
zirconia, or a combination of both. Dental implants are
broadly classified based on their properties, design, and
attachment mechanisms. Their physical properties including
high corrosion resistance, high structural strength, and
high melting point ensure the retention of intact implants
following most physical assaults. The special radiographic
characteristics of implant structures along with recent
advances such as recognition software have facilitated the
radiographic recognition of dental implants and assessment
of batch numbers. Human identification in forensic medicine
can definitely benefit from the application of such techniques
in comparison of antemortem and postmortem records.
Meanwhile, further studies about implant restorations and
their changes during incineration would be helpful in better
human identification.
KEYWORDS D E N T A L I M P L A N T ; F O R E N S I C
IDENTIFICATION; RADIOGRAPH
ORAL PRESENTATION 52
FORENSIC PATHOLOGY (PT): FORENSIC
IMAGING II
O 52-1
THE GAS PROJECT PART 1
WHEN GAS ANALYSIS HELPS POSTMORTEM
IMAGING TO DIAGNOSE THE CAUSE OF DEATH:
SAMPLING PROTOCOL AND PRELIMINARY STUDY
Coraline Egger1, Vincent Varlet2 , Fiona Smith2 , Nicolle
438
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
Giuliani2 , Audrey Rinaldi3 , Alejandro Dominguez3 , Silke
Grabherr1
1
Forensic Imaging Unit, University Center of Legal Medicine,
Lausanne Geneva, Lausanne, Switzerland; 2Forensic Toxicology
and Chemistry Unit, University Center of Legal Medicine,
Lausanne Geneva, Lausanne, Switzerland; 3School of Health
Sciences, Radiologic Medical Imaging Technology, Hes-So,
Lausanne, Switzerland
handle gas samples from human cadavers that can be used
for chemical gas analysis. These first results have permitted
to identify the exact composition of gas for each anatomical
puncture site and to define clear putrefaction indicators in
order to differentiate a vital gas embolism from a beginning
alteration. Finally, the analysis of putrefaction gas of different
altered bodies and samples from different anatomical sites
could enable to better understand putrefaction processes.
Purpose : The gas project is a research project that aims to
create a data base of different gas compositions that can be
found in a human cadaver. Such a data base shall allow the
interpretation of intra-corporal gas collections in forensic
medicine in order to better understand alteration processes
and to perform correct medical diagnosis especially when
based on radiological results. Two studies, both using
analytical chemistry and forensic imaging are currently
conducted. The first study aims to collect information and to
verify hypotheses and diagnostic keys from previous studies
concerning the interpretation of gas detected with MDCT.
Intra-cardiac gaseous composition should become a reliable
indicator to distinguish artifactual gas due to putrefaction
from vital air embolism. The second study is focused on
altered bodies and the composition of cadaveric alteration
gas, sampled from various anatomical sites. The results
will be very useful to better understand putrefaction and its
different gas products.
Methods : A preliminary study including 15 cadavers
was set up in order to develop a standardized method for
sampling and analysis of gas found in different anatomical
components. Gaseous sites were firstly identified by a first
MDCT. Gas syringes with needles and taps were installed
under MDCT guidance for a precise sampling. Gas samples
were transferred in Headspace vials, hermetically closed and
previously filled with water. Gas analyses were performed
by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Thermal
Conductivity Detection (HS-GC-MS/TCD).
Results : 11 altered bodies and 4 bodies with a post-mortem
delay < 24 hours (traumatic injuries) have been analysed. The
first analytical results allow distinguishing clearly between
air embolism cases and putrefied cases. Intra-cardiac gas
composition in case of vital air embolism contains mainly
nitrogen (N2) and minor quantities of oxygen (O2) and carbon
dioxide (CO2). The composition of gas samples from different
anatomical selected sites of putrefied bodies is made of carbon
dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen (H 2), and traces of
methane (CH4), ammonia (NH3), hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and
carbon monoxide (CO), which reflects putrefaction gas.
Conclusion : Thanks to the standardized protocol of MDCTguided gas sampling, it is easy to obtain stable and easy-to
POST-MORTEM CHANGES; POST-MORTEM
MDCT; GAS ANALYSIS
KEYWORDS
O 52-2
THE GAS PROJECT PART 2
WHEN GAS ANALYSIS HELPS POSTMORTEM
IMAGING TO DIAGNOSE THE CAUSE OF DEATH:
TOXICOLOGICAL RESULTS AND GAS DISTRIBUTION
Vincent Varlet1, Coraline Egger2 , Fiona Smith1, Nicole
Giuliani1, Audrey Rinaldi3 , Alexandre Dominguez3 , Silke
Grabherr2
1
Forensic Toxicology and Chemistry Unit, University Center
of Legal Medicine Lausanne-Geneva, Lausanne, Switzerland;
2
Forensic Imaging Unit, University Center of Legal Medicine,
Lausanne-Geneva, Lausanne, Switzerland; 3School of Health
Sciences, Radiologic Medical Imaging Technology, Hes-So,
Lausanne, Switzerland
439
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 17 (Fri)
Purpose : The gas project is a multidisciplinary research
project implying forensic imaging and gas analysis. This
project has two goals : a diagnostic one and a thanalogical
one. Firstly, we aim to differentiate gases due to postmortem
phenomena (essentially putrefaction) and gases due to
antemortem phenomena linked to the cause of death,
such as vital air embolism in case of traumatic injuries or
diving accident. Secondly, this project aims to improve our
knowledge on postmortem putrefactive phenomena. For
example, comparison between gas composition in different
anatomical sites. A first work was done with a hundred bodies
which underwent post-mortem Computed Tomography (CT)
examination and showed that the appearance of postmortem
gas has a specific apparition scheme. A second work (Gas
Project Part 1) has permitted to identify reliable alteration
indicators to investigate human decomposition.
Methods : After the preliminary study (Gas Project Part 1)
led on 15 cadavers, the protocol was applied to sample gases
from 40 bodies. The sampling was CT-guided and targeted
on heart region for the first study (embolism vs. putrefaction
gas) and on all the sites of interests for the second study
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 17 (Fri)
WFF2014
(thanatology). The 40 bodies were divided in three categories
: Embolism (E) - 3 cases, gas presence consecutive to
traumatic injuries (T) - 4 cases and altered cases, the latter
being subdivided in three groups (Beginning Alteration/BA
– 21 cases, Alteration/A – 10 cases and Advanced Alteration/
AA-2 cases).
Results : The gas composition identified in the cardiac region
of the different categories of cases has permitted to define
clear indicators. A vital and massive gas embolism was
diagnosed when : 20% < CO2< 50%, CO2/N2> 0.2 and gas
volume > 10 mL. A gas presence consecutive to traumatic
injury could be diagnosed with a gas volume < 10 mL, CO2<
20% and CO2/N2< 0.2. Alteration was diagnosed as soon as
methane, hydrogen or hydrogen sulphide was detected. More
precisely, the BA group was marked by O2 ≤ 15%, H2 < 10%
and if present, H2S,CH4< 1%, the A group included cases
where O2< 15%, H2> 10% and CO2/N2> 0.2 and finally, AA
group gathered bodies with CO2< 25% and CH4> 1%.
Conclusion : Thanks to the standardized protocol of MDCTguided gas sampling and analysis, it is possible to group
bodies according to the magnitude and composition of gas,
in relation with its localisation in the body. The eventual
distorsions between macroscopic examination and forensic
imaging (case of a body without external sign of alteration
but gas presence noticed by forensic imaging) are easily
solved by gas analysis. Gas analysis should be a mandatory
tool to investigate cases with a known history of embolism
or as soon as a gas volume is detected by forensic imaging
in order to avoid false diagnosis based only on radiological
images.
body which medical examiners, coroners and/or pathologists
can use to explore and examine the state of the blood vessels,
organs, bones and tissues of a body and thus determine the
cause of death and the manner in which the patient died.
Virtual autopsies could even bring to light some crucial
information regarding the body that is difficult or timeconsuming to acquire using conventional means such as
forensic autopsy.
Interpretative correlations of scene investigation,
pathological findings, toxicological data, grouped discussion
and reconstruction of truth were the key issues to understand
the truth of incident and solution of incident-derived
questions during the medicolegal invastigation of deathl.
In Taiwan, multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT)
were commonly used in the hospitals for discovery and
diagnosis of disease, trauma and pathological changes
of tissue. By using these clinical imaging techniques and
information, it was very useful to perform interpretative
correlations in forensic pathology.
For introduction of combined virtual 3D imaging information
for interpretative correlation in forensic pathology, we
introduce a forensic autopsy case of gunshot wound of head
to demonstrate the advantages of combined with 3D anatomic
and pathological information for solution of questions
derived in Taiwan.
VIRTUAL AUTOPSY; MEDICAL IMAGING;
FORENSIC PATHOLOGY
KEYWORDS
O 52-4
FORENSIC IMAGING; POST-MORTEM
MDCT; GAS ANALYSIS
KEYWORDS
O 52-3
INTERPRETATIVE CORRELATION OF 3D VIRTUAL
MEDICAL IMAGING IN FORENSIC PATHOLOGY IN
TAIWAN
Mu Zon Wu1
1
Department and Post-graduate Institue of Forensic Medicine,
National Taiwan Univeristy, College of Medicine, Taipei City,
Taiwan; 2Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University
Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
Recent advancement of forensic application of 3D virtual
medical imaging by using multi-detector computed
tomography (MDCT) and combined multi-layered
recontruction to create a full three-dimensional view of the
440
EVALUATION OF A STAB WOUND TO THE ABDOMEN
BY CT IMAGING IN A LIVING VICTIM
Morio Iino1, Jun Tanaka2 , Shigeru Shiono2 , Masaki Q.
Fujita1
1
Department of Legal Medicine (Forensic Medicine), Keio
University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; 2Emergency
Department, Nakakawachi Medical Center of Acute Medicine,
Osaka, Japan
This is a case report of a living victim in which we examined
the injury by CT images of the wound itself and the weapon
used to estimate the wound track in the abdomen.
Case Report : The victim was a 50’s female cashier at a
convenience store. She was stabbed at her left abdomen with
a Swiss army knife by a male robber. She was surgically
treated and her life was saved. The robber was arrested a few
days later.
Operative Findings : Single stab wound on the left abdomen
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
was detected. Laparotomy revealed there were incised
wounds both on the inferior vena cava and the abdominal
aorta surrounded by retroperitoneal hemorrhage with
hematoma. Both vessels were sutured to stop bleeding.
Imaging Findings : In the clinical preoperative CT images
without contrast, high-density area in the retroperitoneum
in front of the aorta and the inferior vena cava was detected.
Images with contrast media showed no continuous bleeding
from any vessels.
The suspected weapon, Swiss army knife was also scanned
at the forensic department to superimpose its images on the
images of the abdomen in 2D and 3D reconstruction.
Discussion : Superimposed images were reconstructed to
demonstrate the wound track. The reconstruction was based
on the pictures from the surgical operation (the skin lesion,
incised wounds on the vessels) and the preoperative CT
images of the abdomen (the air in the layers of subcutaneous
fat and muscles, the retroperitoneal hemorrhage).
The picture of the wound showed that the knife was stabbed
at her left abdomen with its blade in her front. The CT
images have revealed the position, direction and depth of
the stab wound path. The superimposition using CT images
has shown the consistency of the victim’s wound and the
suspected weapon. It also explained the reason why the
victim has survived in spite of a deep wound in the abdomen.
Reconstruction of the wound using this method would also
bring the judges and juries a better understanding of the
situation of the assault in the robbery.
STAB WOUND; CT IMAGING; LIVING VICTIM
O 52-5
QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF POSTMORTEM TISSUE
DEGRADATION FOR BLOOD AND MUSCLE TISSUE
USING DUAL ENERGY CT
Jang Gyu Cha1, Kyungmoo Yang2 , Youngseok Lee2 ,
Sangbeom Lim2 , Bongwoo Lee2 , Joongseok Seo2
1
Radiology, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital,
Bucheon, Korea (South); 2Medical Examiner’s Office, National
Forensic Service, Wonju, Korea (South)
Purpose : To perform quantitative analysis of the time and
temperature related change of postmortem tissue such as
blood and muscle volume using dual energy CT (DECT).
Materials and methods : For postmortem analysis of blood,
we obtained thirty blood samples containing 45cc from 30
subjects. Each blood sample was evenly divided into three
groups, being placing at cold (A group, 0-5°C), room (B
KEYWORDS
POSTMORTEM; CT; TISSUE DEGRADATION
O 52-6
THREE-DIMENSIONAL OPTICAL SURFACE
DOCUMENTATION IN FORENSIC PATHOLOGY
Mikolas Jurda1, Petra Urbanova1, Petr Hejna2
1
Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk
University, Brno, Czech Republic; 2Institute of Legal Medicine,
Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University and
University Hospital in Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech
Republic
Three-dimensional surface documentation technologies,
in particular photogrammetry, optical and laser scanning
have recently advanced into affordable, flexible and
accurate techniques involving a reasonably long learning
curve. Forensic postmortem investigation as performed
on a daily basis, however, has not benefited from their full
potentials and currently utilized methods are far behind what
3D surface documentation can provide. Conventionally,
verbal description in conjunction with two-dimensional
photography presents the essential documentation technique
utilized throughout the entire process of postmortem
examination, documenting corpse’s state of preservation,
presence of unique somatic traits, external injuries and/or
traumatic changes. Photography, however, discards surface
depth – information highly valuable in terms of damage
441
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 17 (Fri)
KEYWORDS
group, 22-24°C) and warm temperature (C group, 36-37°C).
Three fresh pig legs were also placed at three different
temperature (A-C group). DECT scan was performed 11
times at 0,4,8,12 hour and 2nd,3rd,4th,5th,6th,7th day.
Region of interests were placed in each blood samples for
evaluation of hounsfield unit (HU). Muscle volume in the pig
leg was semi-automatically measured using software in CT
scanner.
Results : The result of blood analysis showed a gradual
increase of HU in the A group. B and C group revealed a
biphasic increase pattern of HU with early peak at 8 hours
and later peak at 7 days. The volume of muscle in the group
A and B revealed a gradual decrease of 22.8% and 51.4%,
respectively for 1 week, whereas that in group C showed a
sharp decrease of 71.4% for only two days.
Conclusion : The result of our study showed that there were
characteristic temperature and time related change of HU for
blood samples and muscle tissues in the porcine legs. In the
postmortem imaging, the knowledge of these CT features
may provide useful tool to estimate the time of death.
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 17 (Fri)
WFF2014
assessment or trait uniqueness. Therefore, innovative
preferably three-dimensional records in forensic pathology
are of great demands.
In order to evaluate feasibility and effectiveness of
optical surface documentation techniques available for
postmortem examination, traditional digital camera-based
photogrammetry combined with commercial Agisoft
PhotoScan software and two-camera photogrammetry-based
scanner VECTRA H1, a novelty product among portable
handheld surface scanners, were employed on two forensic
cases admitted for postmortem examination at the Institute of
Legal Medicine, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic. While the
first case, a male, aged to 63 included traumatic, self-inflicted,
injuries – suicide by hanging, the second case, also a 63 years
old male, was diagnosed as dying from cardiac insufficiency
associated with diabetes mellitus. Both cases, in a position
as transported upon an autopsy table, were photographed
in 360 degree manner with a digital camera Nikon 7000
mounted on a tripod. Altogether 35 – 70 images per case were
taken, corresponding to 20 to 40 minutes of capturing time.
Approximately the same time was required to document the
body surface with the handheld scanner.
The optical surface scanner proved itself to be a useful tool
enabling to document small-to-medium areas of the body
surface. As not being specifically designed to scan objects
on a larger scale a larger number of surface scans caused the
provided software to crash in the course of image alignment.
The device, however, produces high-resolution 3D images,
in texture comparable to any professional digital camera. The
photogrammetry provided equally photorealistic records of
body surface capable of capturing, for instance, the noose
together with the strangulation line, tattoos, and skin lesions
in high quality. Moreover, the utilized software was able to
create the whole body 3D surface mesh without crashing.
Still, both methods failed when coming across body hair and
reflective, moist surface of freshly dissected soft tissues or
surfaces covered in body fluids producing gaps in the final 3D
surface mesh.
In conclusion, both methods produce realistic, real sized or
easy-to-calibrate 3D surface models useable as an advanced
method of postmortem documentation or archiving technique
and easily fitted to be subject of further examinations, such
as 3D mesh comparison or indirect measuring (e.g., body
measurements, angles of penetrations).
KEYWORDS 3D DOCUMENTATION; OPTICAL SCANNING;
PHOTOGRAMMETRY
442
ORAL PRESENTATION 53
TOXICOLOGY / ILLICIT DRUGS (TI): ILLICIT
DRUGS
O 53-1
SIMULTANEOUS ANALYSIS OF MAJOR SYNTHETIC
CANNABINOIDS AND A STRATEGY TO IDENTIFY
OTHER SYNTHETIC CANNABINOIDS FROM HUMAN
HAIR USING LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY AND
TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY
Heeseung Kim, Jaechul Cheong, Jaeil Lee, Sungill Suh,
Minkyoung Kim, Jinyoung Kim, Moonkyo In
Forensic Chemistry Laboratory, Supreme Prosecutor’s Office,
Seoul, Korea (South)
Simultaneous determination of major synthetic cannabinoids,
JWH-018, JWH-073, JWH-122, JWH-210, JWH-250, XLR11, AM-2201 and UR-144, and their major metabolites
from human hair have been developed and validated using a
liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/
MS) system. These synthetic cannabinoids along with alkyl
hydroxy and carboxy metabolites were extracted from 20
mg of micro-pulverized hair using an ultrasonicator assisted
methanol extraction and analyzed by a reversed phase
column using a mobile phase gradient program containing
water and acetonitrile with 0.2% formic acid at a flow rate of
0.25 mL/min. The assay was linear over 1000 folds difference
in concentration with recovery greater than 90% at 3 quality
control levels. Validation items such as specificity, precision,
accuracy, matrix effect and stability were all within the assay
acceptance criteria. Information dependant accquistion (IDA)
using a precursor ion scan followed by an enhanced product
ion scan was also used to identify several minor synthetic
cannabinoids from human hair. In this approach, a number of
synthetic cannabinoids containing an indole group provided
an unique precursor ion at m/z of 144. This precursor ion
scan at m/z of 144 followed by enhanced product ion scan
from model synthetic cannabinoids provided fragmentation
patterns that can be potentially used to identify newly
designed synthetic cannabinoids. These analysis techniques
were fast, sensitive and selective and applied to the analysis
of hair samples from human subjects previously consumed
synthetic cannabis.
KEYWORDS SYNTHETIC CANNABIS; INFORMATION
DEPENDANT ACCQUISITION; LC-MS/MS
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
O 53-2
METABOLIC STUDIES OF SYNTHETIC
CANNABINOID AM2201 BY CUNNINGHAMELLA
ELEGANS
Shimpei Watanabe1, Unnikrishnan Kuzhiumparambil1, Jane
Cameron2 , Shanlin Fu1
1
Centre for Forensic Science, University of Technology, Sydney,
Australia; 2Cell Biology Team, University of Technology, Sydney,
Australia
KEYWORDS CUNNINGHAMELLA ELEGANS; METABOLIC
STUDIES; AM2201
O 53-3
COCAINE AND CARDIAC SUDDEN DEATH
Mohammadhassan Ghadiani1, Seyyed Shahabeddin Sadr2
1
Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Shahid Beheshti University
of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of;
2
Physiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,
Iran, Islamic Republic of
KEYWORDS
COCAINE; HYPERTENSION; CARDIOVASCULAR
O 53-4
HAIR ANALYSIS FOR FIVE SERIES OF
AMINOALKYLINDOLE TYPES SYNTHETIC
CANNABINOIDS AND METABOLITES BY LC/ESI-MS/
443
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 17 (Fri)
Background : With the rapid introduction of new synthetic
designer drugs into the market, it is important to investigate
the metabolic profile for drug testing purposes.
Aims : This study intends to identify the metabolite profile of
AM2201 produced by Cunninghamella elegans, which has
previously demonstrated the ability to produce metabolites
of synthetic cannabinoids, JWH-018 and JWH-073, in a
similar manner to in vivo human and in vitro human liver
microsomes (HLM) studies.
Methods : C. elegans cultures were grown in liquid media
composed of glucose, glycerol, peptone, yeast extract,
KH2PO4 and NaCl in distilled water. AM2201 was incubated
with the fungal culture for 72h and the resulting metabolites
were analysed by LC-MS/MS and HR-MS/MS techniques.
Results and discussion : LC-MS/MS and HR-MS/MS
analysis detected the formation of several metabolites
including monohydroxylation, dihydroxylation and
dihydrodiol compounds as well as monohydroxylation,
carboxylation and dihydrodiol of the defluorinated parent
compound. These results are comparable with human and
HLM studies.
Conclusion : The fungus C. elegans has been demonstrated
to produce metabolite signature which correlates well with
human and other in vitro models. C. elegans model thus
appears to be a promising platform for investigating synthetic
cannabinoid metabolism.
Other than alcohol, cocaine is the most common cause
of acute drug-related emergency department visits and is
currently the most frequent cause of drug related deaths
reported by medical examiners in the united states. Males
are about 1.5 to 2 times as likely as females to report past or
current cocaine use in any form.
Cocaine related disorders remain an important public
health concern today,with continued high rates of legal,
psychiatric, medical and social problems. Drug use disorders
are believed to result from the complex interplay of cultural,
environmental, familial and neurobiological influences.
Cocaine is used by 0.3 percent of the global population age
15 to 64 years.Cocaine use is more frequently associated
with acute rather than chronic cardiovascular illness. Cocaine
stimulates α1, α2, β1 and β2 adrenergic receptors through
increased levels of norepinephrine and to a lesser extent
epinephrine.
An acute coronary syndrome is the most common cardiac
problem including myocardial ischemia and infarction
even in young persons without atherosclerosis, aortic
dissection and rupture, arrhythmias, ventricular tachycardia
and fibrillation, asystole and finally sudden death. Other
cardiovascular effects of cocaine include coronary artery
aneurysm, palpitation, sinus tachycardia, increased systemic
vascular resistance and hypertension crisis, left ventricular
hypertrophy, myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, myocardial
fibrosis, bundle branch block, heart block, supraventricular
arrhythmia, accelerated atherosclerosis, hypotension,
bradycardia and infective endocarditis amongintravenous
users.
Cocaine abuse accounts for less than 1% of aortic dissection
and is associated with crack cocaine use. Cocaine may cause
transient but significant hypertension that may cause strokes
and serious cardiac damage. Chest pain is the most common
cardiovascular complaint of patients seeking medical
assistance following an hour of cocaine use
There are three mechanisms for cocaine induced ischemia: 1)
increased myocardial oxygen demand 2)decreased coronary
blood flow due to coronary artery vasoconstriction and spasm
3)coronary artery thrombosis via activation of platelets,
stimulation of platelet aggregation and potentiation of
thromboxane production
WFF2014
MS AND THE PIGMENTATION EFFECT FOR THEIR
INCORPORATION INTO HAIR USING RAT MODEL
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 17 (Fri)
Jihyun Kim1, Yuran Park1, Sangwhan In1, Meejung
Park1, Ilchung Shin1, Moonhee Jang1, Wonkyung Yang1,
Seungkyung Baeck1, Eunmi Kim1, Sooyeun Lee2
1
Narcotic,Toxicologic & Chemical Department, National
Forensic Service, Seoul, Korea (South); 2College of Pharmacy,
Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea (South)
For the last decade, it has been declared that the abuse
of synthetic cannabinoids may be the major issues in the
new designer drugs of the forensic and clinic toxicological
field. In response to that, the analytical methods for the
synthetic cannabinoids in a variety of biological matrices
have been increasingly established. Since most of synthetic
cannabinoids with structure similarity are revealed to share
some enzymatic metabolites, investigation for metabolites
of first generation synthetic cannabinoids with relatively
short branch could be more important. Therefore, in present
study, we developed the analytical method for five series
of synthetic cannabinoids, JWH-018, JWH-073, AM-2201,
JWH-122 and MAM-2201 and their monohydroxylated
metabolites using LC-MS/MS in hair matrix and the
method was applied in real authentic hair samples. Also
using rat model, two synthetic cannabinoids and their
monohydroxylated metabolites were identified and then
ratios of metabolites to parent drug were estimated for useful
information against external contamination. All of validation
factors for precision and accuracy was satisfactory in each
of human and rat hair. The LODs of all analytes were 0.5 pg
/10 mg hair, except for LOD of JWH-073-N 4-OH M, 1.0
pg/10 mg hair. Matrix effect, recovery and process efficiency
were evaluated in hair matrices. Additionally, as a result of
incorporation related to melanin, there were no significant
differences in pigmented and nonpigmented rat hair for JWH073, AM-2201 and their metabolites. This qualitative and
quantitative LC-MS/MS analytical method for five similar
aminoalkylindole type synthetic cannabinoids and their
monohydroxylated metabolites was very useful to apply
to real authentic hair samples, to present an incorporation
mechanism of synthetic cannabinoids in hair matrix and to
provide the source of drugs ingested.
KEYWORDS SYNTHETIC CANNABINOIDS; HAIR
ANALYSIS; LC-MS/MS
O 53-5
QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF HAIR ENDOGENOUS
GAMMA-HYDROXYBUTYRATE (GHB)
LEVELS OF CHINESE POPULATION USING
GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-TANDEM MASS
SPECTROMETRY(GC/MS/MS)
Yan Shi, Ping Xiang, Min Shen
Department of Forensic Toxicology, Institute of Forensic
Sciences, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, China
Endogenous production complicates the interpretation
when gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is measured in hair
for forensic purposes. Despite the increasing incidence of
illicit use of GHB in drug facilitated sexual assault (DFSA)
cases, published data on endogenous GHB concentrations
in hair are limited compared with other matrices. A method
capable of quantifying endogenous concentrations of GHB
in human head hair was developed and validated using
gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC/MS/
MS). Hair was digested under alkaline conditions (1 mol/L
NaOH, 90ºC 10min), and GHB-d6 was used as an internal
standard. Before derivatization with N,O-bis[trimethylsilyl]
trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) and ethyl acetate, a liquid–liquid
extraction with ethyl acetate under acidic conditions was
performed. GHB-TMS derivatives were detected using GC/
MS/MS in multiple-reaction monitoring mode. This method
exhibited good linearity : y=0.018x+0.038, R2=0.9998,
and the limit of detection was 0.02ng/mg. The extraction
recoveries were more than 60%, and the inter-day and intraday relative standard deviations (RSD) were less than 10%.
This method has been applied to the analysis of endogenous
GHB in hair samples from 66 drug-free Chinese donors. The
mean measured concentration for 0-3cm black root hair was
1.93±1.40ng/mg (n=66), and extreme figures were in the
range 0.28–4.91 ng/mg. The mean endogenous GHB level
of male was 3.22ng/mg (0.92-4.91ng/mg, n=35) while the
lever of female was 0.77ng/mg (0.28-1.95 ng/mg, n=31).
Significant differences of endogenous GHB levels were
found between male and female (p<0.001). Analysis of basal
levels of GHB of 15 specimens (female) in segmented hair
showed a mean concentration of 0.81 ng/mg (0.13–1.95 ng/
mg) and a RSD for each individual ranging from 4.90% to
58.83%. No variation of concentrations was observed along
the hair shaft in controlled subjects, except for the proximal
segment, due to an incorporation through sweat and sebum.
This demonstrates that endogenous levels for each single
subject are constant during hair growth.
KEYWORDS
444
HAIR; ENDOGENOUS; GHB
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
O 53-6
SULPHONATE; SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC REAGENT
VALIDATION OF A SENSITIVE AND SELECTIVE
COLOUR TEST METHOD FOR SCREENING
PIPERAZINE ANALOGUES
MORGAN PHILP1, RONALD SHIMMON1, NATASHA
STOJANOVSKA1, MARK TAHTOUH2 AND SHANLIN
Ronald Shimmon
Chemistry and Forensic, Faculty of Science/universtity of
Technology, Sydney, Australia
KEYWORDS
NQS; SODIUM 1, 2-NAPHTHOQUINONE-4-
FORENSIC GENETICS & BIOLOGY (GB):
POPULATION GENETICS
O 54-2
STUDY OF RAPIDLY-MUTATING Y-STRS IN
ENDOGAMOUS PUNJABI POPULATION FROM
PAKISTAN
Atif Adnan1, Allah Rakha1, Arwin Rulf2 , Manfred Kayser2
1
Department of Forensic Sciences, University of Health
Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan; 2Department of Forensic Molecular
Biology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam,
Netherlands
A recently identified set of 13 rapidly-mutating (RM) Y-STRs
(DYF387S1, DYF399S1,DYF403S1a/b, DYF404S1,
DYS449, DYS518, DYS526I/II, DYS547, DYS570,
DYS576, DYS612, DYS626, and DYS627) typically reveals
higher haplotype diversities than the commercially available
Y-STR sets and allows differentiating male relatives for
which commercial Y-STR sets are usually not informative.
Here, we amplified the 13 RM Y-STRs and the commercial
Y-filer Y-STRs in 106 individuals from the Punjabi
population of Pakistan, which is characterized by high rates
of endogamy. The RM Y-STR set completely individualized
all males tested (haplotype diversity of 1.0), while with Y-filer
a haplotype diversity of 0.9951 was obtained. Mutation
analysis of the RM Y-STRs in a typical Punjabi Pakistani
family (four generations) has also been carried out.
R M Y- S T R S ; PAT E R N A L L I N E A G E ;
ENDOGAMOUS; PUNJABI; PAKISTAN
KEYWORDS
O 54-3
INCREASED NUMBER OF LOCI : GENERAL
OVERVIEW OF THE PERFORMANCE OF
POWERPLEX FUSION, GLOBALFILER CASEWORK
AND INVESTIGATOR ID PLEX 24
Nor Aidora Saedon, Hazwani Hapiz, Nor Ummiza
Kamaruzzaman, Mohd Sufiyan Azah, Mohd Iqbal Zulkafli,
Baktiar Kassim
Forensic DNA Section, Forensic Division, Department of
445
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 17 (Fri)
Piperazines (often marketed as’legal ecstacy’) are a group
of psychoactive substances that have recently emerged on
the illicit drug market and are not effectively discriminated
or identified by current colour testing methods. Herein, we
report on the development and validation of a necessary
chemical spot test for piperazine analogues using the
spectrophotometric reagent, sodium 1, 2-naphthoquinone-4sulphonate (NQS).
Piperazines tested in this study include 1-benzylpiperazine
(BZP), 1-[3- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]piperazine (TFMPP),
1- (3-chlorophenyl)piperazine (mCPP), 1- (4-chlorophenyl)
piperazine (pCPP) and 1- (4-methoxyphenyl)piperazine
(MeOPP). A small pin-head sized amount of each solid
sample was placed in a well of a porcelain spotting tile.
Added to this was : 5 drops 0.1M NaHCO3 buffer pH 11 and
4 drops 6.4 mM NQS solution. The plate was left to stand
for two minutes at room temperature and colour changes
observed and recorded.
Primary testing revealed NQS reacts almost instantly to
form an intense, bright orange-red coloured complex with
all piperazine analogues tested at room temperature. The
colour test method was validated to meet requirements
for use in preliminary screening or as an on-site field test,
providing qualitative and reliable presumptive test results.
Validation studies show that the characteristic colour change
is unique to the piperazine class at room temperature among
over 90 different drugs and common chemicals tested, and
is unaffected by the presence of common cutting agents, i.e.
glucose and caffeine, in test samples of 5% purity and other
drugs such as MDMA. The operational limit of detection was
found to be 40 μg. As a further validation step, the coloured
product was characterised and it’s structure confirming the
proposed mechanism. The excellent selectivity of the NQS
colour test toward the piperazine analogues, combined with
its lack of interference from the majority of analytes tested,
affords the reagent serious potential for exploitation as a
colour test.
ORAL PRESENTATION 54
WFF2014
Chemistry, Petaling Jaya Selangor, Malaysia
The increase number of STR loci in a single multiplexing
escalated in the past year and it is taxing to evaluate and
also in getting the population database up for the new
additional loci. However, it is undeniable that these loci
will definitely boost the matching probability as well as
reduce the uncertainty in paternity/kinship/incest cases.
Three (3) different major amplification kits were evaluated
on sensitivity and the performance of the kits. A total of
300 samples inclusive of compromised bone extracts; i.e
100 samples were amplified on each amplification kits and
run on the 3500xl Genetic Analyzer. Overall the results are
successfully obtained on all the kits; however each kits has
its individual strength and also depends on what the forensic
community requires.
KEYWORDS GLOBALFILER; POWERPLEX FUSION;
INVESTIGATOR 24
was 0.9999999325 and combined power of exclusion was
0.9855. The statistical pairwise difference Fst revealed that
Papuans show the most significant different compare to other
populations. Without exaggerating six genetic markers that
was used, Neighbor-Joining method based on DA distance
phylogenetic tree was able to describe significant topology
of each population. Midi 6 system shows a robust typing
as a reliable marker for population study, or possibly in
Indonesians forensic practice.
KEYWORDS
MIDI 6; ALLELE FREQUENCY; INDONESIA
O 54-5
GENETIC POLYMORPHISMS OF 30 INDEL LOCI IN
TURKEY
Arzu Duvenci, Gonul Filoglu, Ozlem Bulbul, Gulten
Rayimoglu, Havva Altuncul
Forensic Genetics, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Istanbul
University, Istanbul, Turkey
O 54-4
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 17 (Fri)
POPULATION GENETIC STUDY OF SIX MINI STR
‘MIDI 6’ SYSTEMS IN INDONESIAN POPULATIONS
Tuntas Dhanardhono1, Toshimichi Yamamoto2 , Sigid
Kirana1, Kunthi Yulianti3 , Rika Susanti4 , Erwin Kristanto5 ,
Akira Ishii2
1
Department of Forensic and Legal Medicine, University of
Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia; 2Department of Legal
Medicine and Bioethics, University of Nagoya, Nagoya, Japan;
3
Department of Forensic and Legal Medicine, University
of Udayana, Bali, Indonesia; 4Department of Forensic and
Legal Medicine, University of Andalas, Padang, Indonesia;
5
Department of Forensic and Legal Medicine, University of Sam
Ratulangi, Manado, Indonesia
Database of Indonesian population was constructed using
six STR loci named “Midi-6” system (D20S480, D6S2439,
D6S1056, D9S1118, D4S2639, and D17S1290). Distribution
of allele frequencies were represented from seven Indonesian
populations living in Sumatera, Jawa, Bali, Kalimantan,
Sulawesi, NTT (Nusa Tenggara Timur) and Papua. Based on
Exact test, most of all population fulfilled Hardy–Weinberg
expectation, except the NTT population demonstrated
deviation from the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium at
D6S2439, D6S1056, after applying Bonferroni correction
(P< 0.008). This might be caused by a sampling effect or
appointed inbreeding. Forensic parameters were evaluated
in each population, combined power of discrimination
446
Insertions and deletions (Indels) are the second most
abundant form of human genetic variation. Indel
polymorphism is currently used as alternative for
Short Tandem Repeat (STRs) and Single-nucleotide
polymorphisms (SNPs). Indel loci give satisfactory results
with the degraded and low level of DNA samples. In this
study the genetic diversities of 30 insertion-deletion (Indels)
polymorphisms located in the autosomal chromosomes
were examined to determine the Genetic Polymorphisms
in Turkish population for forensic purposes. DNA samples
were collected from 250 unrelated healthy volunteers from
seven different regions of Turkey. DNA was extracted using
QIAmp DNA Mini Kit (Qiagen) following manufacturer’s
recommendations. The 30 insertion-deletion loci and
amelogenin were amplified according to Investigator ®
DIPplex kit manual (Qiagen). The PCR products
were separated with ABI 3130 Genetic Analyzer (Life
Technologies) and analyzed with GeneMapper IDX software
(Life Technologies). Forensic and population parameters
of the 30 Indels were estimated with Promega PowerStats
excelsheet, p-values of exact tests for Hardy–Weinberg
equilibrium and exact test of population differentiation
(Turkey between Korea, Italy, Finland, Poland, Somali and
Taiwan populations) were calculated with Arlequin ver.
3.5. After Bonferonni correction the DIPplex genotype
distributions showed no significant deviation from Hardy–
Weinberg rule expectations. Exact test indicated that
statistically significant differences were found between
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
Turkish population and Korean population at 16 indel
loci, Somalian population at 12 indel loci and Taiwanian
population at 12 indel loci. There is no statistically significant
observed between Turkish and Italian populations. The
present study will be useful for solving parentage testing as
well as to improve the analysis of degraded DNA samples for
Turkish community.
ps. Dear Committe; this student will be financially supported
by Istanbul University if she can present an oral presentation
in the meeting. If you can help her in this regard we will be
really pleased. Thank you.
KEYWORDS
I N D E L S ; P O P U L AT I O N G E N E T I C S ;
TURKEY
O 54-6
DOES GENE POLYMORPHISM PLAY A ROLE IN
CASES OF CHILD ABUSE AMONG EGYPTIANS?
Dina Shokry
Forensic Medicine Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
KEYWORDS
CHILD ABUSE; MAO-A GENE; EGYPT
O 54-7
A SIMPLE WAY OF HUMAN MITOCHONDRIA HV1 AND
HV2 ANALYSIS FOR MASSIVE SAMPLE USING NGS
Kim Min-Hee, Ahn Eu-Ree, Lee Sunkyung, Yoo Seong Yeon,
Kwak Kyoung-Don, Moon Sang-Ok, Park Myung Jin, Jung
Sammy, Lee Yang Han
Forensic DNA Division, National Forensic Service, Won-ju,
Korea (South)
Next generation sequencing (NGS) platform is currently
being utilized for large volume of sequencing data. In this
study, we were using the Illumina Miseq and generated an
integrated primer that included adaptor, index, sequencing
primer and target primer. Diplex PCR for human HV1
and HV2 was performed using the integrated primer and
PCR products were mixed together and purified. Total 96
samples analyzed at once by Illumina Miseq. Illumina Miseq
was compared with ABI Sanger to evaluation efficiency
for human mitochondria HV1 and HV2 variant detection
using 91 human samples. We established parameter based
on optimized concordance with the variant call in the
ABI Sanger data for calling in the sequencing data that
generated by NGS. In this experiment, the minimum DNA
concentration that could set meaningful data was 1/10000 ng.
We were capable of carrying out massive analysis of HV1
and HV2 that amplified once PCR reaction, sequencing with
less cost and human resources than before. It is true that NGS
need further evaluation, however it will become an effective
447
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 17 (Fri)
Background : genes that affect human behavior are studied
and now it’s known that many genes may affect behavior and
aids in more affection of many psychiatric problems. MAO-A
gene (also known as warrior gene) was one of the genes
which have been studied heavily regarding the association
of many delinquent behaviors with MAO-A gene variants.
MAO-A gene is responsible of coding for MAO-A enzyme
which is responsible for degradation of different amine
neurotransmitter in the brain. MAO-A gene has two variants
with one variant leading to expression of high amount of
MAO-A enzyme while the other variant leading to expression
of low amount of the enzyme. MAO-A gene is an example
of complex expression genes in which protein expression is
affected by environmental factors. Child abuse is one of the
factors which affect this gene expression so affect the future
behavior of the abused child.
Objectives : This study was carried out to study cases of child
abuse regarding different aspect of the injury and perpetrator
with special concern for the variants of MAO-A gene as risk
factors between cases of child abuse.
Methodology : A prospective study carried out to all child
abuse cases admitted to the Egyptian Medicine authority,
Egypt, during the period starting from the 1st of February,
2012 to 31st of October, 2013 The data collected for each
case were the : age, gender, type of injury, multiplicity of
injuries, site of injury, degree of complication and repetition
of injuries. MAO-A gene was studied in the study population
regarding to its variants and relation to different variables of
injuries caused by child abuse.
Results : total number of cases was 44 cases, the most
prevalent age group was the preschool age (2-6yrs)
representing 52.3% of cases, females were slightly higher
than males (females 23cases versus 21 male cases), multiple
types of injuries which was in all cases combination of blunt
and thermal injuries (20 cases contributing 45% of total
cases), extremities was the main site of injury in 19 cases
(43% of the total) followed by head and neck, severe physical
complications was present in 19 cases (43% of the total),
which was in the form of fracture bones, disfiguring wounds,
Repeated times of abuse did happened to 35 cases (79% of
the total), fathers were the leading abusers in 24 cases (24%).
Regarding the variant of MAO-A gene, the high variant was
present in 27 cases (61.4%) while the low variant of the gene
was present in 17 cases (38.6%).
WFF2014
tool establish mitochondria database and analysis massive
sample.
KEYWORDS
covered, and interpretation of simulation results. It will
provide examples and present practical ways to overcome
challenges faced by forensic scientists in scene simulations.
NGS; HUMAN HV1; HUMAN HV2
KEYWORDS M O D E L , M AT E R I A L S ; VA R I A B L E S ,
HUMAN FACTORS; SIMULATIONS
ORAL PRESENTATION 55
FINGERPRINT / SCENE INVESTIGATION (FPR/SI):
SCENE INVESTIGATION, TRAFFIC ACCIDENT /
GAIT ANALYSIS / EXPLOSION
O 55-1
OVERCOMING CHALLENGES IN SCIENTIFIC SCENE/
EVENT SIMULATIONS
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 17 (Fri)
Chin-Chin Lim, Michael Ming Kiong Tay, Poh Ling Chia
Forensic Science, The Forensic Experts Group, Singapore
Unlike standard forensic analyses, a scientific simulation
poses unique challenges as it requires not only the perspective
of the crime and the investigative requirements, but also an
understanding of the model to adopt and construct in order
to simulate the circumstances of an incident, record and
interpret its observed effects, and arrive at a conclusion.
A crucial question often asked in Court is whether a human
action, condition, process or event is capable of causing
an observed effect at the scene. Some events cannot be
replicated in an experiment due to the safety of human
subjects. Such inquiries are best answered by constructing an
appropriate physical or mathematical model, and performing
a simulation under carefully controlled conditions. In order
to withstand Court scrutiny, the experiment needs to be
realistic and reproducible, and relevant to the context and
key issue. Materials and conditions must match as closely
as possible the original conditions during the incident. At
times, the properties of the questioned materials need to be
characterized to ensure that suitable control materials are
used in the simulation.
Equations, empirical formulas and variables (parameters)
must be relevant to mimic the conditions of the event.
The range of variables must sufficiently encompass the
possibilities in the original scenario. Where practicable, both
physical and mathematical models are utilised to verify and
validate the robustness of the simulation.
This paper will focus on several aspects confronting
simulations : hypothesis formulation, model construction,
assumptions and limitations, materials selection,
simplifications and approximations, range of human factors
448
O 55-2
STUDY OF TRACE MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS
IN TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS JUDICIAL IDENTIFICATION
Zhiyong Zhang
Department of Road Traffic Accident Investigation, Institute of
Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice,p.r.c, Shanghai, China
Abstract : Various trace evidences exist in road traffic
accidents. Determining the direction and morphological
characters of trace evidences is critical for accident detection.
In many accidents, the relative motion states and location
relationship (such as position relation, overtaking and
lane-change behavior) of vehicles in accidents cannot be
ascertained as the direction and morphological characters
of trace evidences cannot be determined. Investigation on
trace direction and morphological characters from trace
formation mechanism is carried out in this article combined
with apractical case. Through analysis on traces direction and
morphological characters of vehicles, recover accidents scene
to its maximum level and help the judicial investigation.
KEYWORDS TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS; TRACE EVIDENCES;
JUDICIAL IDENTIFICATION
O 55-4
IDENTIFICATION OF ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS IN
FIRE
Li Li Li
Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai,
China
Identification of the fire road traffic accidents are more
complex identification to identify the type, requires expertise
and technical personnel, the use of specialized equipment
and technical means to solve a variety of fire-related road
accidents commissioned requirements encountered in the
process. Cause of the fire varied, spontaneous combustion
can generally be divided into two types of combustion and
external effects caused by the spontaneous combustion of
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
the reasons which generally due to hot weather, such as the
aging or short form; while collision accident, arson, etc. can
also cause fires fire identified cause of the fire is looking to
identify the type of relationship with the accident, the paper
focuses on the identification method will fire identification
and authentication process. Traffic accident induced cause
of the fire main aspects of the faulty circuit; mechanical
equipment failures; accident crash fire; fire; arson. Determine
the fire point according to the fire smoked traces of burning
extent, direction and the fire spread through the fire residues
inspection to determine.
KEYWORDS ROAD ACCIDENT; IDENTIFICATION OF
FIRE; IDENTIFICATION METHODS
O 55-5
STUDY ON THE INFLUENCE OF WALKING SPEED ON
THE GAIT PATTERN
Chengqing Tang
Forensic Science, National Police University of China,
Shenyang, China
Forensic Science, National Police University of China,
Shenyang, China
Gait characteristics are those characteristics which are
formed while footwear impressions are made and can reflect
not only the walking pattern of the person who left them, but
also his or her physical structure. Thus gait characteristics are
often used for tracking or profiling the suspect. In this study,
succeeding three-dimensional footwear impressions are made
on sand of the laboratory, and the foot angle (FA) and toe off
angle (TOA), or the direction in which the toe of the shoe
moves forward, are measured. Subjects participating in the
experiment are all in their twenties with 100 males and 100
females. The means of the FA and TOA measurements are
calculated and compared between different sex groups. The
results show that the FA and TOA for both the males (bigger)
and females (smaller) are significantly different (p<0.01).
Therefore sex determination could be made by the FA or
TOA of those shoeprints left at the scene of crimes together
with information such as the shoe type, length or width of the
footwear impression.
KEYWORDS
SEX; PROPULSION; FOOT ANGLE
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 17 (Fri)
The purpose of this study is to learn the variations of
gait characteristics under different walking speeds and
circumstances so as to provide scientific basis on which the
gait characteristics of the perpetrator would be analyzed
and examined quantitatively, and therefore the suspect
as well as the activities happened during the crime could
be more reliably profiled. In this paper, three groups of
successive sample shoeprints were made by each of the
one hundred graduate students in three different walking
speeds. A large number of data of step length, stride width
and foot angle during normal walking and fast walking were
collected and statistically analyzed. It is concluded that with
increased walking speed, the step length and stride width
were increased but the out-toeing angle decreased. While
walking in different speeds, the degree of variation of the gait
characteristics differs significantly.
KEYWORDS S U C C E S S I V E S H O E P R I N T S ; G A I T
CHARACTERISTICS; WALKING SPEED
O 55-6
ESTIMATION OF SEX FROM THE GAIT
CHARACTERISTICS DURING PROPULSION PHASE
Chengqing Tang
449
IAFS ORAL PRESENTATION
Oct 17 (Fri)
WFF2014
NOTE
450
IAFS
POSTER PRESENTATION
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
POSTER PRESENTATION 01
ETHICS / LAW / EDUCATION / QAQC (ELQ)
P 01-3
RESEARCH ON EXPERIMENTAL TEACHING OF
FORENSIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SPECIALTY
IN POLICE COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES
Yi Jin
Department of Trace Examination Technology, National Police
University of China, Shenyang, China
The experimental teaching in police colleges and universities
is a very important part of police education, which is directly
related to the realization of professional police personnel
training target, especially for the teaching of forensic science
and technology specialty. At present, experimental teaching
has been pay attention to in most of the police colleges
and universities, but there are still some police colleges
and universities did not build the corresponding satisfying
experimental teaching system of forensic science and
technology specialty. In this paper, experimental teaching of
forensic science and technology specialty in police colleges
and universities was analyzed, based on the analysis of
advantages and problems arising in the experimental teaching
process. Cautions and improvement suggestions were put
forward from different aspects such as teaching system,
experiment base construction, teacher training, course
construction and teaching content, in order to improve the
experimental teaching effectiveness of forensic science and
technology specialty police education.
EXPERIMENTAL TEACHING; FORENSIC
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY; POLICE EDUCATION
KEYWORDS
CRIMINAL TRANSMISSION OF HIV CRIMINALIZATION IN EU COUNTRIES
Gabor Kovacs
Department for Criminal Sciences, Szechenyi Istvan University,
Gyor, Hungary
Introduction : According to UNAIDS 2013 report, an
estimated 35.3 million people were living with HIV in 2012.
Since the beginning of the epidemic, more than 75 million
people have contracted HIV and nearly 36 million have
died of HIV-related causes. There is no known cure yet, so
HIV; CRIMINALIZATION; TRANSMISSION
OF A DISEASE
KEYWORDS
453
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 15 (Wed)
P 01-5
preventing infection is a key aim in controlling the pandemic.
Aim of the research : Scope of our study was enquiring
types of law criminalizing the transmission. First question is,
whether there is a role for criminal law in HIV prevention?
Examining different solutions seem to be useful in urgent
need to find answers to questions and to consider further the
appropriateness and value of the use of the criminal law in
response to the HIV epidemic.
Methods : The research is based on comparison of EU
member’s criminal codes and on dissection of proceeding of
typical criminal cases.
Results : There is no published evidence that criminal law has
been able to achieve any goal but retribution in the context of
intentional HIV exposure. Different types of law have been
used to criminalize the transmission of HIV. At first, we have
to separate countries which criminalized HIV transmission
from those that do not. For example HIV transmission isn’t
criminalized in Albania, Luxembourg, Slovenia. Some
of countries where HIV transmission may be criminally
prosecuted, they have created new offences specific to HIV,
for example in Slovakia Criminal Code sections 165 - 166
called : , Exposing Others to Human Immunodeficiency
Virus”, but some countries have applied pre-existed offences.
The other point of the study was categorization of labels
used in countries without HIV-specific legislation. We found
out 3 groups, although similar labeling does not imply
uniformity of sanction. In some countries, prosecution for
the transmission of HIV could be brought under more than
one law, transcending this categorization (Finland). The
three categories and their variations are, Transmission of
contagious disease” (Austria, Croatia, Czech Republic),
Bodily harm” (Hungary, Germany, UK), Manslaughter/
Killing/ Poisoning” (France, Sweden).
Conclusion : Even after a decision has been made about
legislation, a court may still have a hard time deciding
whether to find someone guilty or not, because proving that
someone has passed on HIV can be exceedingly difficult.
There are different elements that need to be established
clearly to justify criminal sanctions : mens rea, foreseeability,
causality, what is a challenge for law. Research showed, that
no matter what legal system is used, there is no easy, one size
fits all” law that can make it simpler either. If any progress is
to be made on the issue therefore, a very careful international
examination of benefits and pitfalls of criminalization needs
to take place.
WFF2014
P 01-6
P 01-7
DEVELOPMENT OF POLICE HIGHER EDUCATION IN
CHINA
PROVIDING FORENSICS TRAINING AND
MENTORSHIP TO THE INTERNATIONAL
COMMUNITY
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 15 (Wed)
Zhang Hongguo, Chen Lihong, Zhang Yanchun
Key Laboratory of Impression Evidence Examination and
Identification Technology, China Criminal Police University,
Shenyang, China
Police Higher Education is the major approach to improving
police officers’ quality in China. Since the beginning of 21st
century, Chinese police higher education which enters a rapid
developing period is incompatible with the new situation and
new tasks.
China National Police University is the source of police
officers. The author, as a teacher, has been worked on
police Higher Education for 11 years. The origination and
development of police education in China were researched
in this paper. the features of police higher education in
China were elaborates introduced by six aspects : the goal
of education, the form of school, the nature of school, the
management of school, the source of school enrollment
and the setting of curriculum. A brief introduction to the
development, the pattern and the mechanism of police
education in western countries were given. Police education
in Hong Kong and Macao also were introduced. Then
police higher education in China and western countries
were compared by the following aspects : the concept,
the mechanism, the contents, the safeguards and the
achievements of education.
After the above-mentioned comparisons, the future
development of police higher education in china were
analyzed. 1) Police higher education should be correctly
oriented. 2) School record education should be developed
together with in-service training. 3) The policy of
strengthening the police with science and education should be
firmly adhered to.4) Police higher education should be ruled
by law. 5) The nurture of students’ capacity of actual combat
should be stressed so as to enhance the core competitive
capacity of public security universities and colleges. 6) The
leadership and support of public security organs to public
security universities and colleges should be reinforced. 7)
Police education should be open and international exchanges
of police education should be further promoted.
KEYWORDS P O L I C E ; H I G H E R E D U C AT I O N ;
DEVELOPMENT
454
Steven Johnson
Forensics and Biometrics, Ideal Innovations, Inc., Arlington, Va,
United States
After attending this presentation, attendees will have a
better understanding of some of the challenges, pitfalls and
potential successes in providing forensic science trainign/
mentorship program in less than traditional laboratory
environments under, sometimes, extremely austere
conditions. This presentation will impact the forensic
community by detailing “lessons learned” from early forensic
outreach efforts that began with U.S. and other government
forensic support in military theaters of operation and went
beyond traditional “government to government” services,
providing private industry the opportunity to rapidly
respond to an emerging need for improved forensic and
biometric technologies outside the U.S. and North America.
Additionally, these training and mentoring programs provide
instruction in the latest standard operating procedures,
protocols, techniques and methodologies as they are applied
to the various forensic disciplines and can be tailored to
the needs of the host nation’s societal and juriprudential
requirements. As Rule of Law is becoming more of a
focus around the world, it is imperative to provide support
to countries that are striving establish standard practices
and procedures. Programs of instruction/mentorship can
also be geared toward direct training or discipline specific
“shepherding” of select host nation laboratory personnel
depending on the wishes of the host government. Programs
of instruction/mentorship are designed to accommodate the
host nation’s existing forensic capabilities and not burden
those countries with limited resources and/or infrastructure.
By providing them technologies and methodologies within
their economic and educational constraints, these programs
offer a sustainable foundation for continued operational
success. As the host nation personnel become more proficient
in forensic techniques and analysis, the goal is for the
instruction to evolve into a “train the trainer” scenario so
they can continue to provide instruction to their colleagues.
Once established, each nation will have the tools to maintain
its laboratories without the assistance of an outside entity.
Recent successful forensic and biometric training efforts in
the Middle East and South America will be highlighted as
well as ongoing outreach efforts in Africa and other nontraditional forensic support regions. As there is an effort
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
within the international law enforcement community to strive
toward the highest levels of professionalism and precision
in criminal investigation, it is incumbent upon those in the
forensic sciences to provide assistance when possible. Given
the limited resources available in the realm of “government
to government” service, the recent rise in private sector
forensic service providers is a viable alternative to offer these
training/mentorship programs. Designing these programs to
be economical, practical and interactive with the host nation
participants has led to increased awareness of and the demand
for such services.
KEYWORDS
FORENSICS; MENTORSHIP; TRAINING
P 01-8
ASSESSMENT OF PATIENTS’ AWARENESS OF THEIR
RIGHTS IN TEACHING HOSPITALS IN IRAN
Mehrzad Kiani, Shabnam Bazmi
Medical Ethics Department, Faculty of Traditional Medicine
-Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran -, Iran,
Islamic Republic of
KEYWORDS PATIENTS’ RIGHT; AWARENESS; PATIENTS’
SATISFACTION
P 01-14
MANAGEMENT MODEL OF CHAIN OF CUSTODY
FOCUSED ON IMPARTIALITY, INDEPENDENCE AND
ETHICS
Gustavo Costa
Policia Federal, Ministerio Da Justiça, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
The police departments and professionals who work to solve
crimes face great challenges. With the advent of tecnology
implemented in forenses science field, their work reached
and fascinated external public. And now it seems more than
ever that the police are demanded for quick answers and
ways of conducting research and work transparently. In this
context, forensic professionals need not only perform, but to
demonstrate to the public that the work was undertaken with
the utmost impartiality, independence and ethically. Thus, the
national forensic system of Brazilian Department of Federal
Police was implemented, and it has changed all concepts of
management of crime evidences. This tool enables forensic
professionals nationwide to access and to manage crime
455
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 15 (Wed)
Introduction : Respecting patients’ rights is an essential
component in the provision of good health care. However, it
is obvious that passing a regulation is not a guarantee for the
protection of patients’ rights. As one of the main complaints
is an unacceptable relationship between patients and their
health care provider, we decided to assess patients’ awareness
of the contents of the Patient’s Bill of Rights in Iran and if
they had received a service compatible with their right’s
charter.
Materials and Methods : This is a cross-sectional descriptive
study conducted with a sample of 202 hospitalized patients
in the hospitals of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical
Sciences. A three part questionnaire was used to gather the
data. The associations between variables were examined
using Pearson’s correlation tests and the significance level
was p<0.05
Results : The age of the patients ranged between 11-87 years.
Approximately one third of the sample was male, about three
quarters were married, and more than half had an educational
level higher than high school. In total 10% of subjects were
employed and the mean number of admissions was 3.12.
Patients’ knowledge was lowest regarding the need for
consent to be obtained for the presence of people, who are
not directly involved in the treatment process or to be present
at a patient’s bedside. Knowledge was highest regarding a
patient’s right to know the expertise of the treatment team,
medical expenses and insurance coverage, if a patient needs
to be transferred to another hospital. The mean of patients’
knowledge regarding the Patient’s Rights Charter in this
study was 77.56%.
As for patients exercising their rights, the highest score
belonged to the patient’s right for attending doctors and
treatment team’s confidentiality, while the lowest score
belonged to their right to receive necessary information
about probable complications, other treatment options and
participation in the final selection of treatment method. The
mean score of patient’s satisfaction of all the mentioned
items in the questionnaire was 8.06 (out of 11 and confidence
interval : 95%).
The mean score of patient’s satisfaction on the previously
mentioned questions did not have a significant relationship
with their education level or the number of admissions.
Conclusion : The results of this study suggest that health
care professionals can provide care based on patients’ rights,
and health care professionals’ knowledge of patients’ rights
needs to be evaluated. If necessary, educational programs,
educational leaflets, booklets, and posters about patients’
rights can be helpful in this regard, in addition, professional
organizations and the Ministry of Health need to be more
sensitive to the issue of patients’ rights.
WFF2014
evidences to be analyzed. These evidences comprehend drug
samples, hard discs and electronic media, tax and accounting
documents, biological traces samples and others forwarded
for examination. The system allows not only registration
of the evidences, but also monitoring of all proceedings,
including all documents produced as a report, information
and justified opinions. This system strengthens the entire
chain of custody and therefore it demonstrates impartiality
and quality in processing the evidences. This management
model of chain of custody and reporting is an example for
all countries that seek to present results qualitatively robust
and linked to a process of integrated and impartial custody
to accelerate and to collaborate with the response that it is
required for complex forensic cases. No less important is the
ability to audit the entire process demonstrating the periods
elapsed and the professionals involved.
KEYWORDS
CRIME EVIDENCES; CHAIN OF CUSTODY;
ETHICS
P 01-15
MEDICAL NEGLIGENCE AND STANDART OF CARE IN
ENGLISH LAW: BOLAM AND BOLITHO TESTS
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 15 (Wed)
Yasin Hasan Balcioglu, Filiz Ekim Cevik
Istanbul University, Institute of Forensic Medicine, Istanbul,
Turkey
In last few decades, medical malpractice has been found a
significant place for itself in many countries’ law systems.
The malpractice concept is constituted by negligence issues
and standard of care.Throughout the history of mankind,
medicine and law are the two oldest profession, integrated
to each other, however there has been no standardization of
regulation between them.Law of medicine had been regulated
by case-law over the years. In 1957, with the Bolam Case, a
milestone of medical negligence and standart of care in terms
of law of medicine, Bolam Test was introduced. According
to the test, a doctor is not negligent or don’t breach the
standart of care, if the administrated practice is supported
by a body of opinion of the same profession. More than 50
years, Bolam test is a regulatory and determinative set of
criterias which has been applied in many malpractice cases.
Bolam itself has left its place to Bolitho test, which is more
investigating and based on cause-and-effect principle, due
to medical improvements, ethical problems and necessity of
logical explanation of medical practice. Bolitho has given
the power of investigation for reasonableness and anlayzing
of risk for the medical practice in case. Informed consent is
456
also a subject in medical law, which is essential for patient’s
autonomy, and in case of absent consent, medical negligence
may occur. In this article it is aimed to present the process of
evolution of English law system on medical standart of care
and negligence alongside several related case examples.
BOLAM TEST; BOLITHO TEST; ENGLISH
MALPRACTICE AND NEGLIGENCE LAW
KEYWORDS
P 01-16
DEATH ANXIETY IN STUDENTS OF STUDYING
IN VARIOUS HEALTH PROGRAMS RELATED TO
HEALTH PROFESSION
Ayse Kurtulus1, Sevgi Ozkan2 , Hulya Sorkun3 , Abdullah
Cem Sengul4 , Kemalettin Acar1
1
Forensic Medicine, Pamukkale University Medical School,
Denizli, Turkey; 2Gynaecology Nursing, Pamukkale University
Healthcare College, Denizli, Turkey; 3Medical Laboratory,
Pamukkale University Healthcare Vocational School, Denizli,
Turkey; 4Psychiatry, Pamukkale University Medical School,
Denizli, Turkey
Objective : In this study we aimed at evaluating the
relationship of death anxiety and death-related depression
levels with a number of variables in the first year and last year
students of the Healthcare Vocational School and Healthcare
College. All of the last year students had taken one semester
Forensic Medicine lectures including death and postmortem
changes, so it’s thought that the results should had been
affected by this education.
Materials and Method : The study sample consisted of 430
first- and last-year students of the Healthcare Vocational
School in Denizli (Paramedics, Anesthesia, Medical
Laboratory, Physiotherapy, Dialysis, Medical Documentation
and Pediatric Development) and the Healthcare College
(Nursing) in Denizli, a city located in western Turkey. A
questionnaire inquiring sociodemographic characteristics,
which was developed by the investigators, the Death Anxiety
Scale (DAS), Death Depression Scale (DDS), State Anxiety
Inventory (SAI), Trait Anxiety Inventory (TAI) and Beck
Depression Inventory (BDI) were used to collect data for the
study.
Results : It was found that death anxiety was associated with
gender, and DAS and DDS scores were significantly higher
in female students (p<0.05). The 4th year students who had
taken one semester Forensic Medicine lectures including
death and postmortem period had lower DAS scores than
the 1st year students among the students of the Nursing
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
Department.
Conclusion : Death anxiety and death-related depression
can be reduced with training; thus, it is important to provide
undergraduate or vocational training on this subject to
all healthcare professionals. Authors think that forensic
medicine lectures in their routine undergraduate education
would be extremely beneficial for all health professions.
KEYWORDS
DEATH ANXIETY; HEALTHCARE EDUCATION;
STUDENT
P 01-17
ACADEMIC-SCIENTIFIC PROFILE OF THE
BRAZILIAN FEDERAL POLICE’S SERVANTS WITH
DOCTORATE
Guilherme Henrique Braga De Miranda
National Police Academy, Federal Police Department, Brasília,
Brazil
KEYWORDS POSTGRADUATE; TRAINING; BRAZILIAN
FEDERAL POLICE
P 01-18
THE IBEROAMERICAN NETWORK OF FORENSIC
MEDICINE AND FORENSIC SCIENCES INSTITUTIONS
Duarte Vieira1, Morris Tidball-Binz2
1
Centre of Forensic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of
Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; 2Forensic Division, International
Committee of Red Cross, Geneve, Switzerland
Networking is essential in the context of forensic sciences
activity. The use of geographical proximity, and/or of
socio-cultural or language similarities in the context of the
establishment of these networks, favors its success and the
consequent exponential improvement in the quality of the
forensic services provided to the population and to justice.
Networks should be technical, scientific and academic
community liaisons for cooperation, coordination and
support between expert and academic public institutions
in the different areas of forensic sciences, and related
organizations.
Networks are an important way for strengthening
harmonization of forensic procedures and for the
457
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 15 (Wed)
I conducted a broad survey of the academic curricula of
active servants at the Brazilian Federal Police who have
academic degree of doctor. In may 2014, I consulted the
database of employees (teachers and other pedagogical
functions) of the National Police Academy (ANP), the list
of coworkers of the Police College (which brings together
the postgraduate courses of the ANP), the list of graduate
students of the Training Management Committee of the
Board of Personnel Management/DPF, the list of postgraduated servers from Coordination of Human Resources
of the Board of Personnel Management Staff/DPF and the
available data at the Lattes platform of the Conselho Nacional
de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq).
I found 96 doctors among the 13727 active servers of the
Brazilian Federal Police Department, being 78 criminal
experts (or forensic scientists), corresponding to 7.23% of the
specific team of 1079 individuals, 6 commissioners (0.36%
of 1662 individuals), 4 agents (0.06% of 6173), 3 fingerprint
analysts (0.59% of 511 individuals), 1 police clerk (0.06%
of 1787 individuals) and 4 administrative servants (0.16% of
2515 individuals).
A criminal expert has two doctoral titles and 22 doctors act as
teachers in higher education institutions, public and private.
Only eight of the doctors joined in the Federal Police for over
15 years and 17 have fewer than five years of service in the
DPF. While nearly half (46) completed their doctorate for
over ten years, 21 doctors have had the title for less than five
years. A third of doctors (35) is in the chemical field, 18 are
from the large group of engineering, 13 are in the biological
field, 10 are in the geosciences field, 6 in the medical field,
5 in the information technology field, 5 in the law field, 3 in
the social field and 2 in the administration field. 17 doctors
obtained their title at the University of Brasilia, 15 at the State
University of Campinas, 12 at the University of São Paulo, 12
at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 7 at the Federal
University of Santa Catarina, 6 at the Federal University of
Minas Gerais and 6 at the Federal University of Rio Grande
do Sul.
Four doctors were trained abroad (2 in the United States of
America, 1 in France and 1 in Denmark). Nineteen doctors
performed Postdoctoral-level activities in prestigious
national and foreign universities. There are nine doctoral
students (8 in the field of law and 1 in informatics) formally
promoted by the Federal Police, through the Training
Management Committee. Besides that, the number of Federal
Police servers with Master´s title is estimated at more than
800.
Anyway, the existence of this highly skilled technical staff
indicates the prestige and the high level of professional
framework of the Brazilian Federal Police, which comes from
extremely difficult and crowded public tenders and suggests
the great potential of scientific development of the institution.
WFF2014
dissemination and exchange of periodic updates on
regulatory framework, forensic organization, training and
teaching, methodological strategies, experiences, technology
transfer, scientific research, etc.
The authors present the Iberoamerican Network of Forensic
Medicine and Forensic Sciences Institutions, created in
2007 and involving 22 Portuguese and Spanish speaking
Iberoamerican countries. The main objectives of this
network are to strengthen the practice of forensic medicine
and forensic sciences in Latin America, to promote a better
integration and knowledge of the different forensic systems
of Latin American countries, of the international standards
of performance in every expert area and of the national and
international instruments for cooperation in this field, and
also to encourage regular meetings between Latin American
forensic specialists.
The experience and main achievements obtained during
the first 7 years of existence the Iberoamerican Network
of Forensic Medicine and Forensic Sciences Institutions
are presented, as well as an analysis of the advantages
resulting from this kind of networks and of the difficulties to
implement them.
NETWORKING; FORENSIC SCIENCE
INSTITUTIONS; FORENSIC MEDICINE INSTITUTIONS
though sometimes misguided, frequent unsavory remarks
on the doctors by the judiciary, the bringing of medical
profession under the purview of the Consumer Protection
Act is in contrast to the decreasing of the importance of the
subject of Forensic Medicine in the medical curriculum.
Adding to this is the casual approach to the subject both by
the teachers and the taught. All this has culminated into a
situation where the fate of the subject befits the words of
Sir Winston Churchill, “This is not the end. It is not even
the beginning of the end. But it is, perhaps, the end of the
beginning.”
The Medical Council of India has come up with new
regulations on “Graduate Medical Education 2012” which is
designed with a goal to create an “Indian Medical Graduate”
possessing requisite knowledge, skills, attitudes, values and
responsiveness, so that he or she may function appropriately
and effectively as a physician of first contact while being
globally relevant. As per this regulation there is a proposal
to make forensic medicine and toxicology a clinical subject
where it will be taught during and second and third years of
the course with horizontal and vertical integration with other
subjects. Emphasis is also given to the small group learning
activities like seminars, tutorials and self-directed learning.
KEYWORDS
KEYWORDS MEDICAL CURRICULUM; HORIZONTAL
A N D V E RT I C A L I N T E G R AT I O N ; L E A R N I N G
ACTIVITIES
P 01-19
FORENSIC MEDICINE AND TOXICOLOGY IN UNDERGRADUATE MEDICAL CURRICULUM IN INDIA: PAST,
PRESENT AND THE FUTURE
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 15 (Wed)
Prashantha Bhagavath, Haneil D’souza
Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Kasturba Medical College
Manipal, Manipal University, Manipal, India
Forensic medicine and Toxicology is a part of under-graduate
curriculum in medical schools in India. It is taught during the
second year of the course as a pre-clinical subject. In India,
Forensic medicine & Toxicology, though an important and
integral part of medical education, has been experiencing its
ups and downs in the recent past. Having had its glory in the
past, playing a pivotal role in aiding criminal justice, it has
unfortunately failed to maintain its impetus and importance.
Adding to the misery, the Medical Council of India (MCI)
- the national supreme body for medical education, has
come down heavily on this specialty in general and on its
curriculum in particular at the undergraduate level, pushing it
down to the cross roads.
The increasing legal awareness among the general public
458
P 01-20
EVALUATION OF FORENSIC SCIENCE AND
CRIMINAL NEWS USING BUDD’S SCORE
Merve Oren1, Cuneyt Cenger2 , Yuksel Yazici3 , Hulya Dogan1,
Seyma Yenil1, Sadiye S Bag1, Yılmaz Yazici1, Zeynep Kırdı1,
Atiye Sozen1, Suheyla Aliustaoglu1
1
Public Health, Istanbul University, Istanbul Medical Faculty,
ıSTANBUL, Turkey; 2Forensic Medicine, Istanbul University,
Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; 3Forensic Medicine,
Council of Justice Ministry, Istanbul, Turkey
Introduction : The evaluation of health news that present in
the media was first done in 1930 using the Budd’s Score in
Great Britain. Budd’s Score has been adapted for Turkey.
Budd’s Score assessment studies process and evaluate
features of the news numerically. This process, which has
been carried out for health news before, is being used in the
field of forensic sciences for the first time. The aim of this
study was to assess forensic science news that present in the
print media.
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
Methods : All forensic science news articles from April, 2012,
through March, 2014, were collected from corporations who
scan the news in the print media all around Turkey, and were
scaled using Budd’s Score. Our assessment revealed that the
journal with the highest circulation had a circulation figure
of 1 080 230. In total, 31 782 printed news articles were
evaluated in terms of type, circulation figures, relevance to
forensic science news, date of publication, page number, title
of article, accordance between title and content, title length,
and footprint percentage on the page.
Results : In the evaluation, 91% of the news was related to
the field of forensic science; the mean Budd’s Score was
5.06±2.30 (n=28 771). Of the news dealing with forensic
science, 31% of the titles were evaluated as “exaggerated”.
Discussion : The media holds an important and powerful
position in Turkey as it does all around the world. Ethical
concerns while reporting the news are essential. Forensic
science professionals are sometimes concerned about the
potential effects of news articles with respect to justice, just
like in their practice of forensic science. Informing the public
about current events is one of the most important virtues of
democracy. However, public orientation and interruption
of judicial processes via the print media are unwanted/
unexpected outcomes. For these purposes, we tried to reveal
the current status of Turkish print media in case of incidents
dealing with forensic sciences.
KEYWORDS BUDD’S SCORE; FORENSIC SCIENCES;
PRINT MEDIA
P 01-21
EVALUATION OF NEWS OF VIOLENCE AGAINST
WOMEN USING BUDD’S SCORE
Introduction : The World Health Organization (WHO) has
defined violence as “use of the possessed power or force to
oneself, another human, a particular group or community in
a manner ending or likely to end in injury or death by threat
of force or in person”. The process including transformation
of violence into types of behavior based upon sex that hurts
or harms women, has the probability of resulting in physical,
KEYWORDS
VIOLENCE; THE PRINT MEDIA; PUBLIC
HEALTH
459
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 15 (Wed)
Cuneyt Cenger1, Yılmaz Yazici2 , Ahmet Acar2 , Atiye Sozen1,
Ayse Demirel2 , Yuksel Yazici3 , Hulya Dogan2 , Seyma Yenil2 ,
Sadiye Bag2 , Zeynep Kırdı2
1
Forensic Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul Medical
Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; 2Public Health, Istanbul University,
Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; 3Forensic Medicine,
Council of JusticeMinistry, Istanbul, Turkey
sexual, and psychological damage. The physical and mental
health outcomes of violence affect individuals, families, and
the whole community socially and emotionally. The shortand long-term effects of violence can negatively influence
woman’s professional life or even bring it to an end, and also
cause a loss of economic independence or push women into
poverty. Currently in Turkey, the print media acts towards
these public health issues in an unethical and unscientific
practice that needs to be challenged.
The aim of this study was to introduce methods of approach
to stories of sexual abuse, female suicides and female
homicides. We also assessed whether ethical and scientific
components were taken into consideration in the media.
Methods : All the forensic science news articles from
April, 2012, through March, 2014, were collected from
corporations who scan the news from all around Turkey.
From these articles, news about sexual abuse, female suicide,
and female homicide were included in the study (n=3 462).
We determined the type of publication, circulation figures,
coverage of print media, date of publication, correlation
between title and content, subject, the ethical processes
regarding the news (photograph, summary, content), the
presence of community orientation and/or stigmatization,
the scientific appropriateness of news. The articles were
evaluated with Budd Score according to their page number,
their location in the page, footprint percentage on the page,
presence of extension of first-page news on the other pages
and title length. All data were evaluated in frequencies and
percentages by using appropriate statistical methods with the
help of SPSS 21.0 software package.
Results : of the articles evaluated, 59.4% (n=2 058) were
female homicides, 21.3% (n=739) were female suicides,
and 19.2% (n=665) were sexual abuse articles. The mean
Budd’s Scores were 5.49 ± 2.18; 5.13 ± 2.13 and 5.63 ± 2.21,
respectively. Evaluating scientific appropriateness, 73.8%
of the articles were about female suicides, 59.6% female
homicides, and 56.7% of articles about sexual abuse were not
scientifically appropriate.
Discussion : Some of the main criminal incidents that outrage
and profoundly affect communities are homicide, suicide,
and sexual abuse of women. The way in which such criminal
incidents are presented in the print media determines the
community reaction to these incidents. The presence of these
stories in the print media that disobey ethical rules, and
imply orientation and stigmatization with a poor scientific
understanding may lead to falsification. For this reason, great
care should be taken with presenting forensic science articles.
WFF2014
P 01-22
MALPRACTICE IN PATHOLOGY: CASE REPORT
Haluk Ince1, Yuksel Yazıcı2 , Cuneyt Cenger1, Suheyla
Aliustaoglu2
1
Forensic Medicine, Istanbul Üniversity Istanbul Medical
Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; 2Forensic Medicine, Council Juctice
of Ministry, Istanbul, Turkey
Surgical pathology has a relatively low diagnostic error rate.
The clinically significant diagnostic error rate in surgical
pathology reported in the literature varies from 0.26%
to 1.2%. Since the pathologists are the final step in the
process of diagnosis, they play an important role among the
physicians. The pathologists must maintain the high standard
of care. Identifying the most frequent errors in pathology
as follows : Breast biopsy, melanoma and lymphoma,
fine needle aspiration (FNA), frozen section and prostate
biopsy.Proper analysis of medical malpractice cases is very
important in the management of medical malpractice. It
must be investigated on which level of healthcare services
and by whom these failures were caused and all tests and
treatments as well as follow-ups must be archived regularly
and accurately in order to provide a significant reference for
the standardization of professional as well as medico-legal
procedures.
KEYWORDS
DIAGNOSTIC ERROR; THE
PAT H O L O G I S T S ; S TA N D A R D I Z AT I O N A N D
ACCREDITATION
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 15 (Wed)
P 01-23
ETHICS, MEDICAL LAW, AND PROFESSIONALISM
EDUCATION IN THE COMPETENCY BASED
CURRICULUM IN FACULTY OF MEDICINE
UNIVERSITY OF INDONESIA
Oktavinda Safitry
Forensic and Medicolegal Studies Department, Faculty of
Medicine University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
Medical education system in Indonesia had a major
change in 2005 when we implemented the Competence
Based Curriculum (CBC). The Indonesia Medical council
established seven competency of Indonesian Doctor and one
of them is “ethics, law, professionalism, and patient safety”
which in 2012 was revised into “noble professionalism
under God” with some additional core competencies.
Faculty of Medicine University of Indonesia (FMUI), the
460
oldest Faculty of Medicine in Indonesia, adopted Problem
Based Learning method with organ-system based modules.
The medical curriculum was divided into three stages,
the general education, integrated medical sciences, and
clinical practice. The changes from content based, teacher
centered curriculum into competency based, student centered
curriculum has also brought a vast shift in ethics teaching.
Ethics, law, and professionalism in the CBC was designed
to be taught in all stages, according to the Miller’s pyramid,
the “knows” would be taught in the general education phase;
the “knows how” and “shows how” would be taught during
integrated medical sciences, embedded in the modules; the
“does” would be taught in the clinical practice modules.
From one-direction lecture, it is now using various methods
such as case based discussion, role play, moot court, movie
discussion, home visit, visiting disabled people, and hospital
volunteer program in helping the student to learn ethics,
law, and professionalism. The module was called “Empathy,
Bioethics, Personal and Professional Development in the
Context of Humanism” (EBPPDH) which also contained
effective communication and cultural competence. This paper
will discuss FMUI’s experience in teaching ethics, law, and
professionalism.
KEYWORDS ETHICS EDUCATION; MEDICAL LAW
EDUCATION; PROFESSIONALISM EDUCATION
P 01-24
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH TRAFFIC FATALITY
ACCIDENT IN ELDERLY. MEDELLÍN, 2005 TO 2010
Ruben Manrique, Eliana Giraldo, Veronica Romero
Antioquia, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal, Medellin,
Colombia
Objective. Identify risk factors geographic, environmental
and accident, associated with the risk of dying from traffic
accidents among the elderly in the city of Medellin, which
occurred in the years 2005 to 2010 in order to generate
evidence to guide management preventive actions and
the construction of public policies on road safety for this
population.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study with case-control
analysis matched for age and sex, based on secondary
data records generated in the municipality of Medellin on
road accidents in the period between 2005 and 2010. Was
calculated the OR (CI-95%) to explore association between
factors and the risk of dying from traffic accidents. Was
performed a conditional logistic regression analysis to
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
estimate the probability of dying from an adult according to
the geographical risk factors, environmental and accident.
Georeferencing was used for spatially locating the sites of
occurrence and results of the study.
Results : Was found no association between the risk of dying
from traffic accidents in the elderly and the condition of
pedestrian walkways and number one (1) to two (2) where
the accident occurred. The place of higher occurrence of
accidents with fatalities was the Candelaria district.
Conclusion : In the city of Medellin older adults are more
driven and risk associated with dying once when they are
injured on condition of pedestrian run-over on the day on
the road and when there are one to two lanes and presents a
driveway. But the greater likelihood of dying is presented in
the pedestrian walkways between one and two.
KEYWORDS
ELDERLY; TRAFFIC ACCIDENT; LETALITY
POSTER PRESENTATION 02
FORENSIC ENGINEERING SCIENCE /
GUN / FIREARMS (ES/GF)
P 02-1
THE RESEARCH OF NUMERICAL SIMULATION ON
THE LETHALITY OF NONSTANDARD FIREARM
Aoyang Yu
Forensic Science Department, National Police University of
China, Shenyang, China
KEYWORDS NUMERICAL SIMULATION; NONSTANDARD
FIREARM; LETHALITY
P 02-2
OCCUPANT INJURY SIMULATION MODEL
DEVELOPMENT USING MADYMO ACTIVE HUMAN
MODEL
Seongjin Kim1, Woojeong Jeon1, Sungji Park2 , Jongjin
Park2 , Jongchan Park3
1
Physics & Engineering Division, Busan Institute, National
Forensic Service, Yangsan, Korea (South); 2Physics &
Engineering Division, Seoul Institute, National Forensic Service,
Seoul, Korea (South); 3Traffic Accident Analysis Division,
National Forensic Service, Wonju, Korea (South)
In low velocity vehicle impact accident, an occupant can have
injuries such as neck tension and muscle strain. However,
in many cases, occupants claim an excessive amount of
insurance even for an accident that has very little possibility
of injury.
Recently, to solve this problem, the police and investigative
agency have increasingly requested injury assessment to
National Forensic Service, which has been performing
engineering evaluation using MADYMO. Since MADYMO
simulation requires a high level of trained skills, the agency
has difficulty dealing with the high number of requests and,
because the crash test dummy tends to have higher tension,
introduction of a proper model for low velocity accident is
urgently needed.
In this study, an injury assessment model will be built using
Active Human Model, which was built based on actual
human. By developing a model that performs a vehicle
contact simulation on PC-Crash and operates MADYMO
simply by setting basic input variables, the study will help
actively respond to rapidly increasing requests for injury
assessment. This is expected to be the first case in which
Active Human Model is used for a specific work process in
the world, and provide more reliable evaluation results by
reflecting the tension of human body more accurately.
KEYWORDS
MADYMO; ACTIVE HUMAN MODEL; NECK
INJURY
P 02-4
FORKLIFT SAFETY ACCIDENT ANALYSIS USING AN
461
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 15 (Wed)
This paper uses the numerical simulation program ANSYS
simulates the antipersonnel process of the 9mm sphere
projectiles shot by nonstandard firearm. And acquire the
velocity attenuation curve, displacement curve, reduction
of the total energy and the instantaneous cavum by ANSYS
during the sphere projectiles in the water. Through comparing
with the experiment results, improve the design of numerical
model and reduce the errors. Then analyzed the results
of numerical simulation and summarize the following
conclusions.First, 9mm spherical lead projectiles which are
shot by non-standard firearm in 300m/s speed could penetrate
more than 20.37cm and have the ability that shot through an
adult Asian.Second, after penetrated 20.37cm in water, 9mm
spherical lead projectiles still have 87.49J kinetic energy and
have enough lethality to hurt people.Third, the instantaneous
cavity is the significant factor to cause the tissue trauma and
it should be the important reference factor in the examination
of non-standard firearm’s lethality.
WFF2014
ACCELEROMETER
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 15 (Wed)
Youngnae Lee1, Sungji Park2 , Harin Cheong3
1
Daegu Institute, National Forensic Service, Daegu, Korea
(South); 2Seoul Institute, National Forensic Service, Seoul,
Korea (South); 3Forensic Medical Center, National Forensic
Service, Wonju, Korea (South)
Forklift is the vehicle that conveys loads and unloads them
in industrial fields. There happens annually many accidents
involved with the forklift which costs many lives. One
of them is an accident due to careless driving. Generally
speaking, when a driver leaves a vehicle, it must be in a
state of complete hault. Otherwise, the vehicle on a gentle
slope or by the driving power, without a controller (driver),
rolls down the road and hit a pedestrian or a driver oneself.
When it occurs, the victim was forced to die hit by the huge
impulse of the rolling vehicle which is caused by the heavy
weights of ordinary cars. A forklift, for example, weighs over
3 tons. In this paper we analyzed an accident involved with
a forklift. In the case when the forklift driver leaves a seat
and in the process of getting out of the forklift, he may have
pushed unintentionally the gear lever and letting the vehicle
go without a driver. The forklift driver himself, the victim,
was found dead compressed between the ongoing folklift and
the container box. The victim has died from serious wounds
he has received to his chest. We conducted a driving test with
the accident forklift at the site. We let the forklift be in a state
of forward gear and without acceleration. And then it was
made to crash a silicone block leaning against the container
box. The silicone dummy is a good substitute for the human
chest. We could measure quantitatively the impulse and the
dynamic force on the silicone block given by the forklift.
The result shows that even a slow progressing vehicle could
severely damage the chest of the human. The analysis agrees
well with the autopsy report of the victim. And we finally, for
the prevention of forklift accident, make a suggestion that a
forklift should adopt the safety device such as a seat sensor
which is highly utilized in heavy equipment vehicles.
FORKLIFT SAFETY ACCIDENT; SILICONE
BLOCK; ACCELEROMETER
KEYWORDS
P 02-5
INFLUENCE OF RATES OF SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
ON DYNAMICS OF VIOLENT ENCROACHMENTS
WITH FIREARMS APPLICATION
462
Yuriy Kolossov1, Mete Korkut Gulmen2
1
Dept. Of Forensic Medicine, Astana Medical University,
Astana, Kazakstan; 2Dept.of Forensic Medicine, Cukurova
University, Adana, Turkey
The question of armed civilian population up to present time
is ambiguous and has two fundamentally opposing points
of view. According to some people, availability of firearms
among the civilian population is pledging of personal
security, and according to others, it is a tool for crime. The
Republic of Kazakhstan is a part of the countries with low
and medium population in connection with a large territory.
Increase of rates of social and economic development leads
to inevitable increase in quantity and the population density
which reached 1.4% in 2012 according to the World Bank.
The results of social and economic development of the
Republic of Kazakhstan and amount of the fire wounds in the
north, south, west, east and central regions of the country will
be compared.
The retrospective analysis of the Statistics Agency’s data in
Kazakhstan for the period from 2010 to 2012. The obtained
results are given in absolute numbers and counted the number
of population in the country regions.
The number of clinical cases of firearms application by region
of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2010-2012. In the West :
in 2010, 33 wounded (0, 013 ‰), in 2011- 57 (0, 023 ‰), in
2012-143 (0, 052 ‰). In the South : in 2010-52 wounded (0,
006 ‰), in 2011 - 91 (0, 011 ‰), in 2012-108 (0, 013 ‰). In
the East : in 2010- 67 wounded (0, 032 ‰), in 2011 -57 (0,
026 ‰), in 2012 -41 (0, 019 ‰). In the North : in 2010, 14
wounded (0, 006 ‰), in 2011 - 22 (0, 010 ‰), in 2012 - 25 (0,
011 ‰). In the central part : in 2010, 36 wounded (0, 017 ‰),
in 2011 -31 (0, 014 ‰), in 2012- 64 (0, 030 ‰).
The number of autopsy cases of firearms application by
regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2010-2012 with
a fatal outcome : Western : in 2010 (‰), in 2011- 59 (0, 023
‰), in 2012 -49 (0, 019 ‰). Southern : in 2010 (‰), in 2011134 (0, 017 ‰), in 2012 -118 (0, 013 ‰). Eastern : in 2010
(‰), 2011 - 37 (0, 017 ‰), in 2012- 29 (0, 013 ‰). Northern
: in 2010 (‰), 2011 - 26 (0, 011 ‰), in 2012 - 25 (0, 011 ‰).
Central : in 2010 (‰), 2011- 39 (0, 018 ‰), in 2012 - 32 (0,
015 ‰).
Improving the quality of medical care for victims led to
the reduction in the number of mortis causa from firearms.
However, due to the growing prosperity of the country, there
was a sharp jump in the acquisition of firearms traumatic
weapons by various segments of the population, which
resulted in an increase in the number of non-fatal injuries.
Increasing socio-economic indicators in the country differs
the wounds. Therefore, to optimize the forensic medical
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
services in a changing environment socio-economic activity
and to improve forecasting techniques and expanding the
use of the legislative qualifying signs “the use of weapons
and items used as weapons” in articles of the Criminal Code
of the Republic of Kazakhstan, and for addressing the need
for the voluntary surrender and the acquisition prohibition
of traumatic firearms arises the need to study further this
problem.
KEYWORDS
SHUT GUNS; KAZAKHSTAN; AUTOPSY
P 02-6
DEFECT ANALYSIS OF DIE-CASTING ALUMINUM
PAN USING 3D X-RAY CT
Seunghun Sa, Changho Choi, Eunah Joo, Sungji Park,
Jaegeun Oh, Jinpyo Kim
Physics Engineering, Seoul Institue/National Forensic Service,
Seoul, Korea (South)
KEYWORDS
3 D X - R AY C T; D E F E C T A N A LY S I S ;
P 02-9
A PROCEDURE MODEL FOR EVALUATING MOTION
CHANGE OF VEHICLE AND DRIVER & PASSENGER’S
INJURY IN LOW-SPEED REAR IMPACT
Yongmin Ha, Hongseok Lee, Jihun Choi, Wontaek Oh,
Hasun Park, Myoungcheol Park, Songhee Kim, Jongchan
Park
Traffic Accident Analysis Division, National Forensic Service,
Wonju, Korea (South)
The bodily wound like whiplash injury (neck injury) and
sprain of lumbar spine may occur in low-speed rear collision
accidents. Although the slight injuries are expected, the
medical certificates tend to be published and abused. They
cause excessive medical claim costs and moral hazards : the
truth or falsehood about them. They have been social issues
all over the world.
Whiplash is thought to occur during the rapid differential
movement of the body relative to the head, when the seat
moves forward in a rear-end crash and the head doesn’t,
because the head is not supported by the head restraint.
Finally, during the impact phase, the head catches up with
the body, but in the meantime, the neck has been forced into
an ‘S’ shape. It is the so-called hyper-extension mechanism
including flexion and extension.
Euro NCAP (New Car Assessment Program) whiplash
scheme prescribes the 3 acceleration pulse test modes : ①low
(16km/h, 5.5g-mean, SRA), ②medium (16km/h, 10g-max,
triangular, IIWPG), ③high (24km/h, 7.5g-mean, SRA). We
used medium acceleration pulse as a criteria.
We performed vehicle-to-vehicle impact tests under
condition as follows : ①variable-speed (8, 12, 15km/h), ②
variable-weight (800, 1200, 1500kg), ③variable-upperlower-area (Overriding, Engagement, Undermining) and ④
variable-right-left-area (Whole, 40%-Offset). We measure
velocity change and mean-max-acceleration of struckvehicle, compare them with medium acceleration pulse,
simulate impact tests by MADYMO and finally evaluate
driver & passenger (co-driver)’s whiplash injury risk.
NFS in Korea have made an assessment of faked illness since
2006 with the application of MADYMO simulation program.
Generally NFS’s appraisal statement come to a conclusion
that there is very little likelihood of driver & passenger’s
remarkable motion change and injury in low-speed rear
impact accident. The medical certificate is in competition
with appraisal statement in the area of civil and criminal suit.
463
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 15 (Wed)
An explosion occurred at a refrigerated warehouse of an
ice-cream manufacturing plant located in Namyangjoo
Gyeonggi-do. The debris from the damaged cooling fan
blades hit an evaporator pipe and made holes. The NH3 gas
leaked from the evaporator pipe, formed limit of explosion
and ignited by ignition sources.
The mounting parts of the cooling fan blade which are
weak structurally are damaged, and the causes that lead to
damage could be the continuous vibration due to fastening
failure of the blade mounting part and housing or some
foreign substances around the blade fan leading to deep
impact on the damaged part. And another important factor
is the manufacturing defects of blade itself. Therefore it
was required to confirm whether there were manufacturing
defects on the cooling fan blades.
We carried out a non-destructive inspection using 3D X-ray
CT to find out the manufacturing defects on the damaged
mounting part of cooling fan blade. As a result, there were a
number of unusual voids inside the mounting parts, and some
of them are larger than 7mm diameter. This voids could be
formed in the wrong manufacturing process. In consequence,
we concluded that the mounting part of cooling fan blade was
fractured because of the manufacturing defects.
We found that using 3D X-ray CT is practical enough to do
the defect inspection for aluminum die casting products. In
addition, we’re anticipating that the reliability of the next
researches will be improved by applying such a method.
EXPLOSION
WFF2014
The both of them have admissibility of evidence but are rival
relation in probative force. The rear-end collision accident
result in physical change of struck vehicle and its driver and
passenger. The force, impulse, energy and Velocity change
(ΔV, Delta-V) are used as a physical quantity for estimating
their motion change extent and level. The velocity change
of struck vehicle is defined as the variation in before and
after rear-end collision. It can be calculated by vehicle’s
weight ratio and relative velocity difference theoretically or
measured in a collision test. Also it is useful as an indicator
for estimating the motion change extent and level. We suggest
that critical velocity change (ΔVc) be 8~15km/h on the basis
of several papers and documents. We cannot expect the
remarkable motion change of impacted vehicle in velocity
change less than 8~15km/h. Finally, we propose a procedure
model for evaluating motion change of vehicle and driver &
passenger’s injury in low-speed rear impact and similar traffic
accident. It is composed as follows : Classifying low-speed
rear impact or similar traffic accident, Calculating velocity
change (ΔV) quantitatively or Estimating velocity change
on the basis of damage of struck vehicle, Comparing ΔV
with ΔVc and Deciding the possibility of injury. There are 5
levels in damage of struck vehicle. There are 5 levels in the
possibility of injury.
KEYWORDS L O W- S P E E D R E A R - E N D I M PA C T;
WHIPLASH INJURY; CRITICAL VELOCITY CHANGE
(△VC)
of over 90%. To find out how direction, distance and wind
velocity affect how the primer residues are distributed from
the K-2 rifle and CAL. 45 pistol, the major firearms used in
Republic of Korea’s military, the experiment was applied the
established MND SIL’s GSR analysis method. The results of
experiments that primer residue particles were detected from
the front→right (where the cartridge is ejected)→back→then
left in that order for the K-2 rifle. For the CAL. 45 pistol,
primer residue particles were detected from the direction
of the muzzle compared to the right, left and back, which
showed similar rates of detection. As for how distance affects
detection rate, the detection rate for the front kept increasing
until 1.6 m for K-2 rifle but for CAL. 45 pistol detection rate
increased until 0.8 m and then decreased rapidly. Both K-2
rifle and CAL. 45 pistol showed an increasing detection rate
for the right side where the cartridge is driven out. As for the
left and back side, the detection rate increased until 0.8 m
but started to decrease as the distance surpassed 0.8 m. We
have confirmed that amount of primer residue particles were
influenced by wind velocity. The conclusions of the presented
study can be potentially used for evidence recovery in real
case investigations.
GUNSHOT RESIDUE; SEM/EDS;
DISTRIBUTION OF GSR
KEYWORDS
P 02-11
QUANTITATIVE COMPARISON OF STRIATED
TOOLMARKS
P 02-10
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 15 (Wed)
DISTRIBUTION OF INORGANIC GUNSHOT RESIDUE
(GSR) PARTICLES IN TERMS OF DISTANCE,
DIRECTION AND WIND VELOCITY USING SCANNING
ELECTRON MICROSCOPY/ENERGY DISPERSIVE
X-RAY SPECTROMETRY (SEM/EDS)
Won-Seok Park, Bong-Hwan Lim
Scientific Investigation Laboratory, Criminal Investigation
Command, Ministry of National Defense, Seoul, Korea (South)
This study aims to establish an analytical method for primer
residue (inorganic gunshot residue) particles using SEM/
EDS, one of the most significant evidence in Republic of
Korea’s military firearm accidents. Selectivity, sensitivity,
and robust or repeatability were chosen as characteristics
to ensure validity and reliability of the experiment. The
analysis indicated a distinct existence of Pb/Sb/Ba particles
characteristic of primer residue, Ba/Sb, Pb/Sb, Pb/Ba, Ba/
Ca/Si particles consistent with GSR and the detection rate
464
Peter Zoon, Martin Baiker, Rene Pieterman, Isaac
Keereweer
Microtraces, Netherlands Forensic Institute, The Hague,
Netherlands
Introduction : Traditionally, the comparison of two
striated toolmarks is done by a toolmark examiner using
a comparison microscope. With the goal to determine if
the observed striation patterns are in sufficient agreement
or disagreement to conclude that they are of common or
different origin respectively. Manual toolmark identification
includes subjectivity in the process and in recent years
the demand for more objective approaches has increased
substantially.
The goal of our work is to develop an objective way of
comparing striated toolmarks.
Methodology : The framework for objective toolmark
comparison is based on 3D topographic data of screwdriver
toolmarks, acquired using an Alicona Infinite Focus
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
TOOLMARKS; SURFACE METROLOGY;
IMAGE ANALYSIS
KEYWORDS
P 02-12
TRAFFIC ACCIDENT RECONSTRUCTION USING
AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH
Woojeong Jeon, Seongjin Kim, Byungseon Moon
Physics & Engineering Division, Busan Institute, National
Forensic Service, Yangsan, Korea (South)
Recently aerial photograph and video are often encountered
due to the popularization of automatic navigation devices
using GPS and high-quality compact cameras. Therefore, it
is possible to achieve accurate and high-resolution images of
vehicle accident scene with low cost by utilizing equipment
such like multi-copter and GoPro camera.
The on-the-spot investigation of traffic accident is a very
important procedure for vehicle accident reconstruction. It
is essentially required to examine traces on the road, vehicle
trajectory and final positions of vehicles. It is also necessary
to understand the overall characteristics including geometric
road alignment and road visibility. Therefore, accurate
measurements and drawings for the scene of the traffic
accident are the most important factors. However, in case
there is crossroad or turning section and exist a lot of traces
on the accident spot, it is very difficult and takes long time
to draw the scene accurately. It is also difficult to guarantee
objectivity and intuitive understanding for the accident scene.
In this paper, aerial photographs of several vehicle accident
scenes were achieved from heli-cam equipment and those
images were used as road drawings after calibration of
camera lens distortion and scale correction. In addition, those
vehicle accidents were more realistically reconstructed and
more intuitively demonstrated using PC-Crash software.
AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH; TRAFFIC
ACCIDENT RECONSTRUCTION; HELI-CAM
KEYWORDS
P 02-13
THE FAILURE OF A BUNGEE DROP IN AN
AMUSEMENT PARK
Chan-Seong Park1, Hong-Keun Ji2 , Eui-Soo Kim1, DongGyu Lee1, Jeong-Woo Nam1, Jin-Pyo Kim1, Jae-Mo Goh3 ,
Nam-Kyu Park1
1
Divison of Forensic Safety, National Forensic Service, Woonju, Korea (South); 2Physical Engineering Section, National
Forensic Service Daejeon Agency, Daejeon, Korea (South);
3
Gwang-ju Agency, National Forensic Service, Gwang-ju, Korea
(South)
This presentation introduces the fatigue failure of the rolling
bearings installed at the failed freely dropping ride called
“bungee drop” that caused the death of one rescue worker
and the various types of operation modes that can cause the
465
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 15 (Wed)
Microscope with high resolution. After acquisition, the
data is pre-processed, in order to remove noise and ‘form’
(shape) of the tool from the data and align the striations
to a common coordinate system. Subsequently, toolmark
profiles are extracted. Profiles of different toolmarks are
then aligned using a multi-scale registration strategy. This
renders the profile alignment highly accurate and robust
with respect to large difference in the angle of attack and
moderate compression. Cross correlation is used as similarity
score. Known-match and known-non-match distributions are
determined after registration.
In addition, sub-band extraction is applied to the data to
determine spatial frequency bands that contain structures
with high discriminatory power and bands with little
discriminatory power (e.g. bands including sub-class
characteristics).
Summary of Results : The framework was tested with
experimental toolmarks of fifty (n=50) screwdrivers of
the same brand and type. Toolmarks were created at five
different angles of attack : 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75 degrees.
After preprocessing and alignment, similarity distributions
were determined for known-matches, including 0, 15 and 30
degree angle of attack difference distributions and knownnon-matches. The results show that known-match and
known-non-match distributions are well separated, largely
independent on the angle of attack.
The performance of the system relying on 2D and 3D data
respectively was compared and revealed, that the results
obtained with 3D data slightly outperform the results
obtained with 2D data.
General conclusion : We demonstrate that the combination
of robust multi-scale profile registration with global cross
correlation as similarity measure leads to clear separation
between known-match and known-non-match distributions,
even in case of differences in angles of attack up to 30 degrees
and moderate toolmark compression.
The comparison of applying our analysis to 2D and 3D shows
an advantage of using 3D data. However this advantage is
smaller than expected.
We hypothesize that the discriminatory power of the system
will increase further if the blade is damaged as a result of
usage.
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 15 (Wed)
WFF2014
failure of a bungee drop. There were two accidents at the
bungee drop. In the first accident, the moving frame with
15 passengers stopped abruptly in the middle of the main
structure at a height of 27 m. When the rescue team was
trying to rescue the passengers from the moving frame, it
dropped abruptly, causing one rescue worker to fall to his
death. All of the urethane wheels with bearings for the guide
of the moving frame were investigated. The urethane wheels
were severely worn out, and some were octagonal as a result.
In the roller bearings of urethane wheels, various types of
damage, such as fatigue, wear and corrosion are commonly
seen. With fatigue damage, flaking that initiated from micro
cracks below the surface was noted at the roller and inner
ring. There was contact trace evidence at the surface of the
rod that was installed onto the piston in the cylinder. From an
investigation, we concluded that the moving frame was in an
unstable equilibrium state that would be broken with a small
disturbance load when the rescue teams were in operation.
The unstable equilibrium state was maintained by the weight
of the passengers and the frictional forces caused by the
urethane wheels and poor lubrication of the rod. A second
accident was happened nine years after the first accident.
The moving frame with 12 passengers dropped abruptly
as it was moving upward. It stopped at a height of 53 cm
due to the operation of the emergency brake system. Some
passengers suffered spinal fractures. All the compressed
air system equipment was investigated by varying the
compressed air pressure. The moving frame was operated by
varying the compressed air pressure as well, and all of the
test cases were recorded by a video camera to analyze the
time difference of the moving frame at each operation step.
From the investigation, we concluded that the moving frame
dropped because only one air compressor, set to an unloading
pressure to 8 kg/cm2, was operating while the other air
compressor, set to an unloading pressure 9.5 kg/cm2, was not
operating at the time of the incident. After the investigation,
it was recommended that a control system for the bungee
drop should be installed to prevent the start-up of the moving
frame given a poor state of the compressed air system.
KEYWORDS
: BUNGEE DROP;, BEARING; FLAKING
P 02-14
RESEARCH ON CONSTRUCTING DATA FILES OF THE
VEHICLE TIRE TEXTURE
Hanxin Zhang
Traffic, Explosive and Special Evidence Examination Faculty’s
Office, Department of Criminal Science, China Criminal Police
466
University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R, China
Through collecting and studying more than 500 tire texture
photographs, this thesis constructs a data with nearly 10
thousands. According to tire texture, it builds official files by
the brands of data manufactories and application standards of
tire. The thesis finds that different brand of tire have unique
veins classify by the environment which tire texture adapted
and the tire texture which vehicles fit in with and collecting
the wide of section cut, the diameter of the tire laying out
by different classificatory methods, we produce an inquiring
computer program by Visual FoxPro, we can decide the scope
of vehicle type by in putting the tire texture data collected at
the scene and comparing. That cuts short a lot of inquiring
time. Through a lot of research, the thesis found that type a
texture not only influence the draught, brake and drain off
water of a vehicle, but also decides the entire model of a
vehicle. So every vehicle tire, which a tire texture fit in with,
has severe regularity. The regularity is benefit to contract the
investigative scope, decide the investigative direction and
save the recourse of handling a case. Based on this through
building official files of tire texture, makes the tire texture and
data easy to inquire.
KEYWORDS
TRAFFIC ACCIDENT; DATAFILE; TYPE TREAD
P 02-15
RESEARCH ON VEHICLE TIRE BLOWOUT IN ROAD
TRAFFIC ACCIDENT
Hanxin Zhang
Traffic, Explosive and Special Evidence Examination Faculty’s
Office, Department of Criminal Science, China Criminal Police
University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R., China
When vehicle is running on the road, because of the wheel
quality defection, improper use, obstacles on the road,
bad weather and other reasons, the vehicle tire blowout
phenomenon often occurs. This is one of the important factors
which lead to traffic accidents. According to the Ministry
of public security, traffic accidents caused by tire burst
accounted for more than 70% of China. It has become a traffic
accident “killer”. In dealing with a correct understanding of
the mechanism of tire blowout causes in the traffic accidents,
we will accurate tire burst analysis. At the same time,
prevention is an important research topic. The tire pressure,
overload, over speed, out of safety requirements, maintain
undeserved etc, which are the cause of tire burst. The correct
use, maintenance, maintenance of tire, vehicle mounted
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
warning device, driving safety, can effectively prevent the
occurrence of vehicle tire.
In this paper, through the specification and process structure,
tire pattern analysis of the tire, the reason for the formation of
vehicle road traffic accidents in tire burst problem is analyzed
in detail. From the different cause of tire burst are classified,
and the tire in the road traffic accidents have burst analyzes
completely. To help the public security personnel quickly,
effectively deal with road traffic accidents caused by tire
burst.
KEYWORDS TIRE BLOWOUT; TRAFFIC ACCIDENT;
CAUSE ANALYSIS
P 02-17
STUDY ON TRAFFIC ACCIDENT ANALYSIS USING
DIGITAL TACHOGRAPH DATA
Park Jong Jin1, Sung Ji Park1, Jong Chan Park2
1
Physics & Engineering Division, Seoul institute, National
Forensic Service, Seoul, Korea (South); 2Traffic Accident
Analysis Division, National Forensic Service, Wonju, Korea
(South)
D I G I TA L TA C H O G R A P H ; T R A F F I C
ACCIDENT; INVESTIGATION AND RECONSTRUCTION
KEYWORDS
P 02-18
ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CRIMINOLOGY
OF PEDESTRIAN CRASHES IN FEDERAL DISTRICT,
Bruno Telles1, Maurício Sercheli1, Charles Andrade2 , Nagao
Kawano2 , Reynaldo Soares2 , Alexandre Vicente2 , Wilson
Camargo2 , Juliano Gomes1
1
Reseach, Fundação De Peritos Em Criminalística Ilaraine
Acácio Arce, Brasília (Df), Brazil; 2Instituto De Criminalística,
Polícia Civil Do Distrito Federal, Brasília (Df), Brazil
The high incidence of pedestrian-car collisions in urban
area make this event one of the most important public
health problems, resulting in high social security expenses
and elevated economic costs, creating problems related to
property damage, besides to cause physical injury, suffering
and loss of quality of life of the victims, their relatives and
society as a whole. To address this problem, it is important
to adopt countermeasures that aim to prevent and reduce the
risk. In order to obtain efficient, their selection must be based
on information of where, what, when, who, why and how the
pedestrian crashes occur. In order to answer these questions,
we used a statistical analysis and the spatial mapping
(Geographic Information Systems - GIS, associated with
Environmental Criminology) of all pedestrian-car accident
involving fatal victim, occurred in Federal District, Brazil,
in 2012. The application of exploratory analysis tools of the
specific and standard areas of the phenomenon allowed a
characterization of the places and critical areas of the region,
showing the spatial configurations and displacements, as
well as to identify the area with the largest concentration of
these events. Related to victims, statistical analysis of these
accidents showed that 77% were male, 44% were added
30 to 50, and 57% drank alcoholic beverages (an average
blood alcohol level of 2.3 g/l); Moreover, statistical analysis
showed that multiple trauma was the principal cause of death
of pedestrian (61%); Thursday had the highest level accidents
occurrence (19%); the passenger cars were responsible for
73% of the accident; 32% of the accidents took place in the
evening shift; half of the events occurred on highways; 27%
of drivers were aged 30 to 40. GIS analyses demonstrated
two main areas of conflict : (i) the highways, showing a
characteristic of the city that has several highways with
no pedestrian facilities infrastructure and with no physical
means that could obstruct the passage of walkers by others
ways; and (ii) Ceilândia, the most populated Federal District
region – where the flow of people and vehicles is very
intense. Rigorous studies have been made in these two zones
and solutions are proposals to change the environment, in
order to avoid these tragic events. It is believed that the
main contribution of this research was to bring a new critical
thinking to the treatment of the quantitative geographical
467
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 15 (Wed)
Recently new Digital TachoGraph (DTG) device was
mounted mandatorily in commercial vehicles (Taxi, Bus etc.).
DTG device records accurate and detailed information such
as velocity, RPM, Brake On/Off and accelerations of vehicle,
so those data can play an important role in traffic accident
investigation and reconstruction.
To develope an accurate and objective method using
advanced DTG data for reconstruction of traffic accident,
driving test and collision test of the vehicle equipped
with several advanced DTG device was carried out, and
development of a new program for accident reconstruction
using the data recorded in advanced DTG was also
performed.
From the collision test, it was found several defects
concerned with reliability of advanced DTG currently sold
in market, it was thought that the cause of these defects is
related with durability of electronic parts and algorithm
related with saving data on an advanced DTG device.
BRAZIL
WFF2014
information within the broader area of transportation
engineering and, specifically, in dealing with traffic safety
issues. Indeed, this study is part of an agreement signed
with the Prosecuting Counsel of the Federal District and
Territories, the public agencies that are responsible to charge
competent authorities responsible for the traffic. Therefore,
it is hoped that this study serves to provide more information
to subsidize their decision, consequently contributing to
increase in safety and quality of life in roads. By the other
hand, this study helps to measure environmental (highways,
roads, streets) contributions to cause pedestrian-car
collisions.
KEYWORDS PEDESTRIAN CRASH; ENVIRONMENTAL
CRIMINOLOGY; TRAFFIC SAFETY
P 02-19
PATTERN ANALYSIS OF PHYSICAL EVIDENCE
- A NOVEL APPROACH TO ACCIDENT
RECONSTRUCTION
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 15 (Wed)
Don Hennry Lalithsiry Welansias Jayamanne
Deputy Government Analyst, Government Analyst’s Department,
31, Isuru Mawatha, Pelawatta, Sri Lanka
Evidence material can be classified as biological and nonbiological materials. Biological evidence such as blood,
semen, hair etc can be individualized easily with the help
of DNA finger printing technology due to the bio-diversity
among human beings, since the DNA patterns of individuals
are unique.
Non biological evidence such as paint, glass, fiber, scratch
marks, impressions etc. are not the kind of evidence which
can be directly used to individualize or to prove exact
identity.
Chemical analysis of a foreign paint sample found on a
damaged motor vehicle will establish that it was a particular
type of paint or whether it could be similar to the control
sample of paint. In order to establish its origin and how it
was transferred, more information is required. When further
information is not available, investigations beyond this
point might get hindered and the opinion of the scientist will
just be in the realm of probability, even though high-tech
instrumental methods such as GRIM, MSP, FT-IR, MS, GCMS, or SEM are used.
The evidence such as paint, glass, scratches, dents, damages
or impressions have their own characteristic behavior
patterns within the course of transfer and leave behind their
own characteristic patterns. The most important feature of
468
these natural transfer patterns and damage patterns is the
impossibility of “deliberate introductions or simulations” of
the objects under examination.
A combination of physics, geometry, physiology, logic
and extensive training coupled with a solid scientific
education provides the knowledge about these patterns.
The trained eyes with the help of experience and expertise
are key instruments that require to form an opinion for a
forensic scientist. However, whilst the observations and
measurements of various types of patterns can be objective,
the interpretations of patterns remain subjective and
conclusions need to be very carefully considered.
For the reconstruction of an accident, especially that of a
complicated nature, transfer pattern analysis and damage
pattern analysis are extremely useful. With the results of the
proper analysis of transfer patterns of paint, generation of
scratch patterns, distribution patterns of debris and damage
patterns, forensic scientists are capable of establishing
relative velocities of vehicles at the point of collision,
directions of motion, relative positions of vehicles and much
more.
In routine analysis involving vehicle collisions in most of the
cases, it is only a probability that can be expressed. However,
with consideration of the pattern analysis factor, it can be
stated that according to our own statistics, about 60% of
these cases have been converted from a probability level to
certainty.
Predictions that we have made during examinations of
patterns have been proved as accurate by known data of
examples simulated in our laboratory.
This presentation illustrates a number of authentic cases
where pattern analysis played a vital role in crime scene
reconstructions.
KEYWORDS PATTERN ANALYSIS; MOTOR ACCIDENT;
DAMAGE PATTERNS
POSTER PRESENTATION 03
QUESTIONED DOCUMENT (QD)
P 03-3
EXTRACTION AND ANALYSIS ON WIDTH, GRAY
SCALE AND RADIAN IN CHINESE SIGNATURES
Xiaohong Chen
Criminal Technology, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of
Justice, Shanghai, China
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
S I G N AT U R E ; C O R R E L AT I O N
COEFFICIENT; WIDTH, GRAY SCALE AND RADIAN
KEYWORDS
P 03-4
APPLYING HIGH PERFORMANCE THIN LAYER
CHROMATOGRAPHY (HPTLC) AND RAMAN
SPECTROSCOPY IN COMBINATION WITH PAPER
CHARACTERISTIC MEASURMENT TO DETECT
AGING DOCUMENT
Hoang Manh Hung
Research, Institute of Forensic Science Vietnam, Ha Noi,
Vietnam
Nowadays in Vietnam, there are a lot of cases required
detecting aging document. Physical characteristics of paper
determined were mass of paper (g/m2), whiteness (ISO, %),
opacity (%), Bekk smoothness (second), air permeability (ml/
min) and thickness (mm). Pigments of ink and it’s remaining
solvents were examinated and identified in high performance
thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) with different solvent
systems. The absorption of substance was Silicagel 60
F¬¬254 made by Merck, while the intensity and area of
pigment traces were evaluated with support of CAMAG
instruments. The pigments and remaining ink solvents were
also compared by Raman Spectroscopy (IR and Raman
Nicolet 6700, NXR FT-Raman Module of Thermo Finnigun).
Using the above methods and instruments, different black
ballpoint inks occuring in different times on the same sheet
of paper were differentiated and aging of a document was
determinated.
QUESTIONED DOCUMENT, PHYSICAL
CHARACTERISTIC, PAPER; PIGMENTS, REMAINING
SOLVENTS, HIGH PERFORMANCE THINLAYER
CHROMATOGRAPHY; RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY
KEYWORDS
P 03-5
PROBLEMS WITH THE USE OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF
PENS IN COUNTERFEITING AND FORGERY IN EGYPT
: A CASE STUDY
Yasser Askar
Forgery and Counterfeiting, Medico-Legal Institute, Assiut, Egypt
In recent times we have many of crimes and issues that have
been use of inks fading or disappearing or those that can be
erased easily
These issues impact on society in the crimes of
counterfeiting, forgery or illegal and immoral crimes that
could lead to murder in some cases.
We show two cases used of this type of inks, the first used
of the ink fading in the signing of a document has been
469
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 15 (Wed)
Handwriting identification is a traditional method of forensic
identification. Current detection and analysis methods
are qualitative, not quantitative. In the computer science
discipline, handwriting identification studies have been
conducted to archive specific results. However, this method
is not ready for practical application. With the development
of computer technology and its integration into society,
the demands for handwriting identification detection and
analysis methods have increased. This study uses computer
technology to extract and analyze the dynamic characteristics
of data from paper signatures, such as width, gray scale and
radian. In addition, this study aims to determine the laws
that govern the characteristics of signature handwriting
and to find a novel quantitative technology for identifying
signature handwriting. 12 volunteers are invited to produce
288 original signatures, 576 imitate signatures and 144
ghostwriting signature. Every volunteer produces 2024 original signatures and 10-12 ghostwriting signatures.
Choose one signature as model, every model signature has
10-12 tracing imitate signatures by one volunteer; 30-36
freehand imitate signatures by 3 volunteers. After scanning
these 12 groups’ signatures into the computer, get signatures
skeletons by image processing, trace signatures skeletons
according to writing sequences, extract the data of width,
gray scale and radian finally. Different writing speed result
in dislocation between 2 signatures, In order to calculate
the correlation coefficient, dynamic time warping method
helps the same stroke of signatures or the same part of
strokes corresponding aligned in length. The result indicate
that there are obvious and stable differences between
original signatures and non-original signatures (freehand
imitate signatures, trace imitate signatures and ghostwriting
signatures). Firstly, the range of correlation coefficient has no
any intersection between original signatures and non-original
signatures. Secondly, though the correlation coefficients
of original signatures are not same between 12 groups, the
average correlation coefficients of original signatures are
much higher than non-original signatures in every group; the
average correlation coefficients of ghostwriting signatures are
much lower than other signatures in every group. At last, we
can not tell freehand imitate and trace imitate signatures from
correlation coefficient. In a word, some rules exist in width,
gray scale and radian of signatures produced by the same
writer. It may provide extra foundations for Chinese signature
identification.
WFF2014
disappearance of the signature with time.
In the second case used the ink can be erased to write data in a
contract and then erased to writing other data contrary to fact.
Here we are trying to determine the scientific method
in dealing with these documents and some of our
recommendations that we need to prevent the use of these
inks in the commission of crimes.
formation of degradation products in the chromatogram over
time during the retention period of 0-2 minutes of the HPLC
run and the increase in the amount of these peaks as aging
continues. However, data obtained in respect to this change
in real sample documents need to be supported with surface
analysis methods like LD/TOF-MS.
KEYWORDS
INK AGING; HPLC; CV/MV RATIO
DISAPPEARING INK; COUNTERFEITING,
FORGERY; ERASABLE INK
KEYWORDS
P 03-8
P 03-7
ARTIFICIAL AGING OF PURE INK DYE CRISTAL
VIOLET AND RELATIONS WITH NATURAL INK
AGING
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 15 (Wed)
Salih Cengiz1, Dilek Salkim Islek1, Esra Isat1, Burak Hasim
Gungor1, Huseyin Cimsit2
1
Basic Sciences, Institute of Forensic Sciences, istanbul
University, Istanbul, Turkey; 2Cimsit, Law Co. Barbaros Bul. 16
Besiktas, Istanbul, Turkey
In age determination of ink studies, changes in the resin,
solvent and dye substances found in the composition of ink
are examined in detail with advanced analytical methods and
their changes over time are determined. In the performed
studies, over the decrease in the amount of crystal violet (CV)
that has changed into methyl violet (MV) and tetramethyl
pararosaniline, fading of the ink color is seen to occur.
Determination of this fading yields information about the age
of the document. In blue colored pens, main dye substance
is determined to belong to the violet family. In the study that
we have performed, an ink containing this pure dye substance
is prepared to examine the change of CV alone over time.
CV/MV ratio–time relationship in documents written with
this ink and with pens randomly selected from the market is
examined. Applications were made on standard office paper
with ink, 3.14% turned into methyl violet when pure and kept
for 1, 2, 3, 8 and 13 hours under light intensity of 1760 lux.
Samples of this document were obtained in the beginning
and at the end of these time periods and were analyzed with
HPLC. CV/MV ratio is evaluated by using peak areas of the
obtained chromatograms. In a parallel study, inks of naturally
aged documents with intervals of two years between the years
2005 and 2013 were analyzed with the same method and CV/
MV ratios were investigated. Curves of CV/MV ratio over
time were plotted. From these curves it was seen that CV/MV
ratio gave information on the age of the document. Another
result that we have obtained in the experimental study is the
470
RESEARCH ON THE TRACKING CODES OF COMMON
COLOR LASER PRINTED DOCUMENTS
Nan Wang, Xu Yang
Department of Criminalistics, Institute of Forensic Science,
Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, China
In recent years, laser printers are the common document
production tools, in order to better adapt to the needs of
non-destructive examination. This article focuses on the
tracking codes of the common color laser printers on printed
documents and the characteristics of the tracking codes.
Investigate the value of the tracking codes in questioned
document examination and file security. This article has
collected a large number of color laser printed samples, which
contains different brands and models of color laser printers,
most of them were laser printers with 600 x 600dpi or 1200 x
1200dpi and can almost represent the current common laser
printers. Printed samples were examined by microscope and
multi-wavelength light source of video spectral comparator.
The tracking codes are different in regularity, pattern, and
lattice features among diverse brands of printers. These
information reflected by the tracking codes can be used for
the primary identification of different brands of laser printers
and the dating of questioned document. To a certain extent,
the results of this article can improve the identification
efficiency, and probative the force of laser printed documents.
In addition, there also exist limitations in the forensic
practice, because it is unable to completely explain the
meaning of the tracking codes temporarily and further study
is necessary.
COLOR LASER PRINTED DOCUMENTS;
TRACKING CODES; QUESTIONED DOCUMENT
EXAMINATION
KEYWORDS
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
P 03-9
IDENTIFICATION THE SEQUENCE OF LASER
PRINTING AND STAMP BY THE GOLD-YELLOW
MARK CHARACTERISTIC
Li Jiangchun
Detective Department, Hubei University of Police, Wuhan,
China
In many criminal and civil cases in china, lots of questioned
documents were formed with laser printing and stamp.
An important task for forensic document examiners often
focuses on examining the sequence relation of laser printing
and stamp. The identification of the sequence of them
made poses an important and difficult problem for forensic
document examiners. In this paper, a systematic examined
of the sequence of the laser printing and stamp, types of
the paper, brands of the laser printer, seal and the different
dating was made. The results showed that a important color
mark was successfully employed to estimate the sequence
of laser printing and stamp, which was associated with all
factors mentioned above. Consequently, experimental results
indicated that the gold-yellow mark characteristic was
applicable for determining the sequence of laser printing and
stamp.
QUESTIONED DOCUMENT; SEQUENCE
OF LASER PRINTING AND STAMP; GOLD-YELLOW
MARK CHARACTERISTI
KEYWORDS
and traditional complex characters (popular in Hong Kong,
Macao and Taiwan). The most frequent font types are Kai,
Xing and Cao calligraphy. Due to the unique structure, the
Chinese character signatures have features distinctive from
foreign letter signatures.
Based on the practical experience of forensic expertise of
questioned document examination in mainland China, the
present paper introduced the common features of Chinese
character signatures in structure. For example, as to font
types, there are signatures in Kai, Xing and Cao calligraphy;
as to structure, there are signatures in combined, abbreviated,
shared forms, and some signatures written in reverse order
or specially designed for the sake of security. Furthermore,
through the analysis of several typical cases of forensic
signature identification undertaken by our institute, the paper
highlighted the features of signatures written under different
conditions and forged signatures, which are common cases
in the forensic expertise of Chinese character signatures, as
well as the key points of examination. The paper illustrated,
for instance, the examination of the elder people’s signature,
which is a typical kind of changing signature, the imitated
signature and the copy signatures (such as printed signatures\
stamp signatures and so on). Finally, presented some usual
tricks of utilizing authentic signatures to alter the documents.
KEYWORDS FORENSIC DOCUMENT EXAMINATION;
CHINESE CHARACTER SIGNATURE; SIGNATURE
IDENTIFICATION
P 03-13
P 03-11
THE FEATURES OF CHINESE CHARACTER
SIGNATURE AND ITS APPLICATION IN FORENSIC
PRACTICE
After thousands of years, Chinese characters have evolved
from oracle bone inscriptions, bronze inscriptions, Qinzhuan
(the standard calligraphy in the Qin dynastry), Li calligraphy,
to Kai calligraphy (regular script), Xing calligraphy (running
script) and Cao calligraphy (cursive script). The Chinese
characters are different in structure and writing from any
other characters in the world, and a distinctive calligraphy
art of Chinese characters has formed. Nowadays, the two
most frequent forms of Chinese characters are simplified
characters (the normative characters used in mainland China)
Wang Yanling1, Xiaofeng Bai2
1
Forensic Science Department, China Criminal Police College,
Shenyang, China; 2Document Examination, China Criminal
Police College, Shenyang, China
In recent years, several criminal cases related to women have
taken place successively across the country continually. What
they have in common is that all the women’s bodies are badly
injured by the hard devices stabbing into their bodies to make
a comic or word. In a bid to safeguard the legitimate rights
of women, handwriting identification experts should not only
identify the tattoos, but also the comics on human body. Here
are some ways showing how the suspects harm the women.
For example, the victims are usually mutilated by the sewing
needle winding with cotton thread. Then, the suspects dip
the ink, using the thread on the needle, and pin different
471
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 15 (Wed)
Xu Yang
Department of Criminalistcs, Institute of Forensic Science,
ministry of Justice P.r. China, Shanghai, China
THE COMIC AND HUMAN BODY TATTOO
HANDWRITING EXAMINATION
WFF2014
patterns or filthy words on the human skin all over the body.
This kind of body tattoo owns the following characteristics
: First, the pad is the soft, elastic human skin, instead of the
appropriate paper which is neither too soft nor too hard.
Second, the tool is the needle, not the ordinary pen. Third,
the criminals tattoo pictures or words on victims’ bodies
with the needles twined by inked strings, so that the victims’
skin could be dyed. Due to the change of writing tools and
objects, the feature of writing motion also has changed a
lot. For instance, strokes appear not to be continuous lines,
but composed of a series of points. While the other writing
features such as the styles of writing, the orders of strokes
and the proportion are stable, collecting the suspects’ Chinese
characters and comic experimental samples is the most
important prerequisite for successful identifications. Under
this circumstance, investigators have collected pictures with
the same contents in the suspects’ room. In the mean time,
the notebook containing his criminal records has been found
out. Therefore, examinations mainly focus on the content,
the levels of painting and the expression technique. The
inspection samples and known comics both show a series
of patterns which include a man’s bald, chest, abdomen,
limbs and features of his arms and legs. In addition, the other
pattern is a snake bending, rolling and vomiting his tongue.
Compared to the suspects’ samples, there is no difference
among the eyes, nose, mouth and limbs in the painting level.
Especially the comics show a person whose whole body was
tattooed with words and patterns, it leads to a perfect match
to what the suspect has done to the three women in reality.
As a result, the comics can also be seen as traces of criminal
psychology of Mr. Zhou himself shown outside.
KEYWORDS
HUMAN BODY; TATTOO HANDWRITING;
Science.
In this research, Korean handwritings were analyzed by 200
Laypeoplee and 4 professionals. There were 180 questions to
analyze, and these questions were divided into three sections
with 60 questions each; handwriting with at least 3 sentences
(Long Handwriting), handwriting with at least 3 words
(Short Handwriting), and names (Names with Signatures).
Three references containing identical words were given to
analyze. While Long Handwritings were consisted of genuine
handwriting, different handwriting, imitated handwriting, and
disguised handwriting, Short Handwriting and Names with
Signatures were comprised of genuine handwriting, imitated
handwriting, and disguised handwriting only.
Four participants were professional examiners who belonged
to national organization and served in document appraisal
field for at least 2 years. They did not get any information
prior to the experiment. Moreover, they were not allowed
any advice from other experts, and did not share or discuss
about examination materials, method, and results during
the experiment. A free group discussion was allowed after
individual analysis. Other factors such as age or position of
the examiner were not taken into account.
In order to assure examiners’ attitude towards the experiment,
half of laypeople were given incentives for accuracy of the
analysis, while other half was not informed about it. The two
groups showed a trivial misleading difference. However, the
misleading difference between professional examiners and
laypeople was significant. This research represents much to
being the first step toward Korean handwriting analysis and
statistical experiment.
KEYWORDS HANDWRITING; STATISTICAL EXPERIMENT;
LAYPEOPLE
COMIC
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 15 (Wed)
P 03-16
P 03-14
RESEARCH ON KOREAN HANDWRITING ANALYSIS
AND STATISTICAL EXPERIMENT BETWEEN
LAYPEOPLE AND PROFESSIONAL EXAMINERS
Tae-Yi Kang
Digtial Technology & Biometry Division, National Forensic
Service, Wonju-Si, Korea (South)
Unlike printed letters, handwritten letters can vary depending
on the environment, which makes it difficult to analyze
scientifically. Not only an individual’s natural handwriting,
but also attempts to hide one’s own handwriting, and to
imitate others’ handwriting are the main targets in Forensic
472
FORENSIC CLASSIFICATION OF BLACK GEL INKS
USING OPTICAL AND SPECTRAL TECHNIQUES
Yiwen Luo, Che Xu, Qiran Sun
Criminalistics, Institue of Forensic Science, Ministy of Justice,
Prc, Shanghai, China
Black gel ink pens are the most popular writing instrument
in China. Questioned document examiners often attempt
to discriminate black gel inks from each other. This study
differentiates black gel inks using optical and spectral
techniques. The techniques include Video Spectral
Comparator and Raman spectroscopy, which are both nondestructive. The Video Spectral Comparator is equipped with
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
lights of visible and near infrared reflectance, near infrared
luminescence and UV reflection. The Raman spectroscopy
using four wavelength sources of 325 nm, 514 nm, 633 nm
and 785 nm. 50 black gel pen inks, of different brands and
models representative of gel pen available on the Chinese
market, were collected. The discrimination power of Video
Spectral Comparator is 81.3%. The Raman spectroscopy
with wavelength 325 nm, 514 nm, 633 nm and 785 nm
show the discrimination power of 70.2%, 71.1%, 70.8% and
77.6% respectively. The combination of both techniques
gives the result of 94.7%. 18 black gel ink pens show the
Raman peaks of amorphous carbon only and can not be
discriminated by any laser wavelength, and 3 of them
generate 2 kinds of near infrared reflectance while other 15
have no reflection or luminescence characters. These black
gel inks containing carbon as main pigment are difficult to
differentiate for the reason of little optical characters and
Raman shifts dominating by carbon. The similarity of the
ink formula for this kind of ink may be the other origin. In
addition, ink entries of different times during the last two
years are analyzed by Raman spectroscopy as well and the
stable variations can not be concluded from these data. Some
researchers thought results of Raman spectrum could be used
for ink dating, but our date do not support that point of view.
KEYWORDS BLACK GEL INKS; VIDEO SPECTRAL
COMPARATOR; RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY
P 03-17
A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE INDIVIDUALITIES
OF MONOCHROMIC LASER PRINTERS BASED ON
BANDING FEATURES
Banding artifacts, which caused by photosensitive drum
velocity variation or its resultant scanline spacing variation,
are often perceived in outputs of laser printers as periodic
light and dark bands perpendicular to the print direction. Gear
transmission errors have been proved to be the main sources
of this kind of output density fluctuations, which were
addressed as class features for forensic classification of laser
printers in some researches, and frequency analysis has been
used to measure the frequencies of halftone bandings. Based
on the same theory and method, fifty devices of two models
of HP laser printer, with several different photoreceptor
KEYWORDS INDIVIDUALITY OF LASER PRINTER;
BANDING ARTIFACT; FREQUENCY ANALYSIS
P 03-20
DISCRIMINATION OF BLACK TONERS USING FT-IR
COMBINED WITH CHEMOMETRICS
Qinghua Zhang, Xu Yang, Qiran Sun, Yiwen Luo, Yachen
Wang, Che Xu
Criminalisitics, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice,
Prc, Shanghai, China
In many criminal and civil cases, the most commonly
questioned documents are printed with black and white laser
printer (BWLP) or color laser printer (CLP). An important
task in forensic science is the discrimination of the black
toners from BWLP to CLP. In our study, thirty one samples of
ten different types of BWLP and CLP from Chinese market
were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectrometry
(FT-IR). After baseline subtraction and standard normal
variate (SNV) transformation, twenty five spectra of black
toners were randomly selected and analyzed by the principal
component analysis (PCA) coupled with Hierarchical cluster
analysis (HCA). The samples were classified into two groups
with the first three principal components which explained
approximately 63.5% of total variation of the spectral data.
Furthermore, the relationship among these samples was
shown in the HCA dendgram calculated with the PCA scores.
The results showed that the black toners from BWLP and
CLP were discriminated effectively both in PCA and HCA
model. In additional, the rest six samples (S1, S5, S15,
473
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 15 (Wed)
Ning Liu1, George Chiu2 , Chuntao Chen1, Daozhong Lv1
1
Department of Forensic Science, Jiangsu Police Institute,
Nanjing, China; 2School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue
University, West Lafayette, United States
drums, were sampled and investigated. And the bandings in
both printed halftone images and black texts were analyzed
with signal power spectrum. The objective of this study
was to prove the possibility of discriminating documents
printed by different laser printers of same type by the means
of banding analysis. Three ways were used to optimize
the signal extraction, including scanning in reflective
mode for halftone images, scanning in film mode and
microscopic imaging with transmitted light for black texts.
It was shown in this study, when a set of specific banding
frequency components characterized the class signature of
a laser printer, the relative intensity of the banding signals
consistently exhibited its individuality, which was reflected
by the various amplitudes of the frequency components.
Banding artifact can be a promising feature for eliminating
the suspect printer/printers if the notable differences in
relative intensity of banding signals are detected.
WFF2014
S18, S25 and S29) were projected closely to the BWLP
and CLP cluster centers respectively. It was demonstrated
that the chemommatric method was an effective tool for the
rapid discrimination of black toner from BWLP and CLP in
forensic science.
KEYWORDS
TONER; IR; CHEMOMETRICS
P 03-21
WIDE-FIELD INFRARED SPECTROSCOPIC IMAGING
FOR NON-DESTRUCTIVE COMPONENT ANALYSIS
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 15 (Wed)
Masaru Fujiwara1, Wei Qi1, Yo Suzuki1, Satsuki Hosono1,
Pradeep.k.w. Abeygunawardhana1, Satoru Suzuki1, Shigeru
Sugawara3 , Akira Nishiyama2 , Kenji Wada2 , Ichirou
Ishimaru1
1
Faculty of Engineering, Kagawa University, Takamatsu, Japan;
2
Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Takamatsu, Japan;
3
Fourth Department of Forensic Science, National Research
Institute of Police Science, Kashiwa, Japan
We are aiming at the realization of on-site identifications
for residual micro-substances at crime scenes as forensics
examinations. We proposed the extremely compact and widefield spectroscopic imaging in mid-infrared wavelength
region that is called the imaging-type 2-dimensional fourierspectroscopic imaging. In this presentation, we will mention
some feasibility studies about forensics examinations. The
taking fingerprints on a board, the ink identification on
A4 papers, the liquid recognition in bottles and packaged
materials such as frozen-food packs are discussed.
The proposed imaging-type 2-dimensional fourier
spectroscopic imaging is a kind of near-common-path
phase-shift interferometer. Because the robustness against
mechanical vibrations is very strong, we can construct
the simple optical-configuration without anti-vibration
mechanisms. Thus, the camera-type spectroscopic imager
will be available for unconstructed environments such as
crime scenes. Because the portable apparatus whose length
is 50mm on a side and weight is around 200g will be able to
be commercially available products, the on-site identification
of residual micro-substances will be realized. And because of
the wide-field spectroscopic imaging, spectral characteristics
distributions on A4 papers or more can be obtained within
several ten seconds.
The features of mid-infrared lights (wavelength : 8µm14µm) spectroscopy are the high absorbance of materials and
the high identification ability of material components from
spectral absorbance.
474
In the case of taking fingerprints, the micro-substances could
be visualized by high absorbance. And we could recognize
component differences of amino acids and lipids from
spectral characteristics. From the individual features of these
components, the personal identification from spectroscopic
fingerprints-imaging will be realized.
For the ink identification on A4 papers, character strings
were printed by laser printers and ink-jet printers. We could
recognize the differences between two kinds of ink by
infrared spectroscopic-absorbance. The ink-discrimination
technology will be applied to the extraction of original
characters from filled characters.
And for packaged materials of frozen foods, the near infrared
light (wavelength : 1µm-2µm) could penetrate packages.
We could recognize waters inside of silver papers from
spectral absorbance at the wavelength of 1450nm. We will
detect agricultural chemicals inside of frozen-food packages.
Furthermore, we could evaluate the amount of alcohol
and glucose quantitatively, those are main components of
alcoholic beverage, in bottles at the wavelength 1200nm
and 1600nm. These technologies will work effectively as
defenses against food terrorisms.
The commercially available product that has been developed
with the private company will be supplied as cost-effective
devices around several thousand USD and palm-size
portable apparatus. But for the conventional mid-infrared
spectroscopic imager that is called FTIR, the cost is more
than million USD. And the weight is over 40kg. Because
FTIR is based on Michelson interferometer, the robustness
against mechanical vibration is very weak, the anti-vibration
mechanism is inevitable. Because the proposed method is
the near-common-path interferometer, the robustness against
mechanical vibration is strong.
In this presentation, we will explain the principle of our
proposed method and the feasibility studies about forensics
examinations.
KEYWORDS MID-INFRARED; INK IDENTIFICATION;
FOOD TERRORISUM
P 03-26
UNDERSTANDING (COMPUTER) QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH ON HANDWRITING IDENTIFICATION
CORRECTLY
Xiaofeng Bai
Document Examination, China Criminal Police College,
Shenyang, China
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
means. There is no use of investing money, manpower
and energy into the objective facts accepted by all of us.
Sometimes, digitizing computer quantification simply aiming
digitization has no practical significance.
KEYWORDS H A N D W R I T I N G I D E N T I F I C AT I O N ;
Q U A N T I TAT I V E R E S E A R C H ; C O M P U T E R
TECHONOLOGY
P 03-27
APPLICATION OF SPECTRAL IMAGING AND
RESISTANCE MEASUREMENT EXAMINATION IN THE
FORENSIC STUDY OF QUESTIONED DOCUMENTS
INVOLVING CHANGED HANDWRITING WRITTEN BY
BLACK CARBONACEOUS GEL INK
Wei Han, Jiantong Huang, Yusheng Zhang
Institute of Forensic Science, People’s Public Security University
of China, Beijing, China
Using changed handwriting written by black carbonaceous
gel ink to perpetrate forgery and alteration of documents
are becoming increasingly more sophisticated in China.
Forensic examinations of questioned documents routinely
involve physical and chemical analysis of inks. This work
provides a non-destructive, convenient and effective testing
method to identify the added or altered handwriting by black
carbonaceous gel ink. The inspection process is conducted by
spectral imaging and resistance measurement examination.
we prepared 30 kinds of black carbonaceous gel ink that
two different inks make a pair, and 435 pairs totally to
identify. The results demonstrate 37. 87% samples can be
discriminated by spectral imaging technology, 46.96% of
samples can be discriminated by resistance measurement
examination, two methods united can discriminate 57.57%
samples. Uniting the two methods of spectral imaging
and resistance measurement examination can broaden
the technique of carbonaceous ink examination.With the
advantages of the convenient preparation of samples, easy
and fast operation of instrument measurement, it provides
the abilities for detection and identification of the changed
handwriting by black carbonaceous gel ink.
KEYWORDS N O N - D E S T R U C T I V E ; C H A N G E D
HANDWRITING; BLACK GEL INK
475
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 15 (Wed)
Majority of the Chinese scholars in the field of criminal
technology study believe that quantitative researches on the
examination of handwriting through computer technique
is the general orientation which will eventually achieve
the goal of recognizing handwriting automatically. In
recent years, some scholars have carried out researches on
computer measurement and quantification of handwriting
characteristics, claiming that they have got gratifying
results. However, as far as I know, none of these socalled achievements has been applied in the work of
handwriting identification. Considering the two aspects of the
development of the computer technology and the complexity
of handwriting examination subject, I hold the opinion
that it is not appropriate to study computer quantitative
and automatic recognition of handwriting identification at
present. Nevertheless, the crucial researches basing on which
studies about computer handwriting automatic identification
can be scientifically carried out should focus on handwriting
information extraction technology, the handwriting
characteristic disciplinarian, examination of surveying and
other Fundamental aspects.
1.The limitation of computer technology development. The
development of computer technology has made astonishing
speed; however, it’s far away from artificial intelligence.
Computers cannot accomplish the job which is beyond
human thinking ability can be completed, even though
computers could finish the human thinking activity instead
of humans. Taking the situations of different opinions or no
conclusion of identification into account, it is impossible to
expect the computer to finish this work independently.
2.The limitation of handwriting examination development.
Firstly, the fundamental subjects such as handwriting survey
have not been established. No matter the macroscopic or
microcosmic view of handwriting science, quantification
of it must base on survey including tools and methods the
most basic work that has not been accomplished. Secondly,
many basic researches concerning handwriting examination
have not been finished. The value of a handwriting character,
as we all know, based on its occurrence rate the results and
data of which is the premise of Handwriting identification
of computer quantization. Thirdly, many handwriting
phenomenon, such as the difference between the elderly
signature and signature imitation, an elderly signature
imitated from another elderly people and etc. has not been
completely understood. Designing a computer survey system
which can solve the problems still confusing professionals is
out of the question.
3.The basic principle of computer technology application.
Computers can help people simplify problems but the
complication of a simple issue should be avoided by all
WFF2014
P 03-28
APPLICATION OF ATTENUATED TOTAL
REFLECTANCE FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED
SPECTROSOPY (ATR-FTIR) FOR THE SIMPLE
IDENTIFICATION OF COUTERFEIT VIAGRA® AND
CIALIS® TABLETS
Kown-Chul Noh2 , Yun-Sik Nam1, Kang-Bong Lee1
1
Advance Analysis Center, Korea Institute Science and
Technology, Seoul, Korea (South); 2Chemistry, Korea University,
Seoul, Korea (South)
Many analytical methods can be used to identify
counterfeited drugs used to treat erectile dysfunction;
however, most of the methods require complicated
instrumentation, sample pretreatment, use of statistical
methods, and/or professional staff to conduct the analysis.
Thus, a simple and efficient preliminary screening method
that can be used for this purpose is necessary. We evaluate
the application of Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier
Transform Infrared spectroscopy (ATR FTIR) for preliminary
examinations of suspicious Viagra ® and Cialis ® tablets
by analyzing their surface coating materials. The coating
materials used for counterfeit products are unlikely to be
the same as those used for authentic ones, since the surface
of an authentic tablet is usually coated with its own unique
polymer material. Spectral differences between the authentic
and counterfeit tablets are easily recognized, allowing for the
identification of counterfeits on the basis of IR peak patterns.
KEYWORDS
specialty and generality. The understanding towards the
generality of handwriting is the key link of the verification
of handwriting, directly affects the appraisal conclusion is
correct or not. Such handwritings of this group of people are
more likely to show high similarities by the environmental
and congenital genetic factors. This experiment enrolled
86 families to take part in the handwriting experimental
samples statistics, through the analysis of the general view
of handwriting, written styles, wrongly written characters,
characters proportion, stroke orders, and writing movements,
aiming to provide a new test theory and the practice basis of
handwritings by quantitatively analyzing first-degree samesex relatives in different handwriting features and degree of
similarities. And the results shows that the average similarity
judgment rate of handwriting appearance is 79.5%; the
average similarity judgment rate of writing style is 15.4%;
the average similarity judgment rate of wrongly written
characters is 19.8%; the average similarity judgment rate of
arrangement is 75.0%; the average similarity judgment rate of
Strokes feature is 33.3%; the average similarity judgment rate
of writing movement’s features is 65.1%.The results shows
that these handwritings of this group of people are more
likely to show high similarities, and the the average similarity
judgment rate of handwriting appearance, arrangement,
writing movement’s features is much more higer than the
other characteristics.
KEYWORDS FIRST-DEGREE RELATIVES OF SAME
GENDER; HANDWRITING FEATURES; COLLECTIVE
STATISTICS EXPERIMENT
FORENSIC SCIENCE; COUNTERFEIT;
VIAGRA
P 03-30
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 15 (Wed)
P 03-29
THE STATISTICAL STUDIES OF THE COLLECTIVE
EXPERIMENT ON HANDWRITINGS OF SAME
GENDER RELATIVES
Peng Xie, Jing Qin
China Questioned Document Examinations, National Police
University of China, Shenyang, China
Relatives of the same gender include fathers and sons,
mothers and daughters, brothers and sisters and relatives
of the relationship between our compatriots. Each person’s
handwriting contains both particularity and generality, even
if people’s handwriting is overall special, but still existing
generality to some extent; the verification of handwriting
process is to analyze comprehensively on the aspect of
476
FORENSIC EXAMINATION OF VERMILLION
WRITINGS: A CASE REPORT
Meenakshi Mahajan
1
Home, Regional Forensic Science Laboratory, Northern Range,
Dharamshala, India; 2Education, Govt. College, Sanjouli,
Shimla, India; 3Home, State Forensic Science Laboratory,
Shimla Hills, Junga, India
Vermillion (Sindoor) find wide use in Indian society and
has been in vogue for centuries. Vermillion is described
as one of the sixteen adornments amongst Hindu women
and is considered extremely auspicious thereby making
its availability in every house. In a case of hanging, crude
writings in red colour on a looking glass (affixed on the
door plank of steel almirah) were found in the room of the
deceased. On search, the police could recover number of
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
vials of liquid vermillion from the room of the deceased and
sent them to the forensic lab in order to compare with the
writings on the looking glass, and to ascertain authorship
of the writings. The writings on the looking glass were got
photographed, the variations due to substrate and writing
instrument were taken into account and authorship could
be fixed with the principals of writing identification. The
technique of thin layer chromatography as well as X-ray
fluorescence spectrum was used for analysis of writing on the
looking glass and for vermillion-vial, and the tests established
use of one of the vermillion vial in making writings.
KEYWORDS
VERMILLION; XRF; TLC
P 03-31
INDIVIDUALITY OF ADOLESCENT HANDWRITING
THAT APPEAR TO BE SIMILAR
Chiew Yung Yang, Chin-Chin Lim
Forensic Science, The Forensic Experts Group, Singapore
A D O L E S C E N C E ; I N D I V I D U A L I T Y;
HANDWRITING
KEYWORDS
USE OF GRAPHOLOGY İN VARIOUS PROFESSİONS
WİTH THE INCLUSION OF FORENSIC SCIENCES AND
LAW ENFORCEMENT PRACTİSE
Filiz Ekim Cevik, Huseyin Cakan, Murat Ogdur
Institute of Forensic Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul,
Turkey
Law Enforcement Agency is a General Directorate
establishment being branched out extensively and
independently and rendering service in many fields from
intelligence to public order and from security to criminal.
Personnel selections in different units branched and nonbranched of this organization have been performed after the
course including two-stage; written exam and an interview as
indicated in Security Services Class Branch Regulations. In
principle, the exams for all selections do not vary.
It is possible to analyze character by graphology (handwriting
analysis method) which is often referenced in many private
companies and intelligence agencies in Europe and USA.
We consider graphology as an important method in both
policing selections and vocational branchings to determine
the intelligence structure, tendencies in tempers and character
(patient, pessimistic, antisocial etc.) of a person and to learn
in which unit he/she can be successful according to his/her
handwriting.
Policing is a profession that requires seriousness and
responsibility. The Police officers must have a steady
character as well as knowledge, intelligence and abilities.
However, any character analysis is not performed in exams
held in branchings in the organization in policing selections
apart from medical reports. However, if we consider that we
can understand the character and psychological portrait of
a person by analyzing his/her handwriting, the information
obtained by the help of handwriting analysis of character will
be valuable. Therefore, we believe that a new point of view
will develop in regard to the applicability of Graphology
science.
GRAPHOLOGY; FORENSIC SCIENCE; LAW
ENFORCEMENT PRACTİSE
KEYWORDS
P 03-34
TOF-SIMS IMAGING AND DEPTH PROFILING OF PEN
INKS, RED SEALING INKS, AND LASER TONERS ON
QUESTIONED DOCUMENTS
Jihye Lee, Seon Hee Kim, Kang-Bong Lee, Yeonhee Lee
477
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 15 (Wed)
According to literature, adolescence is the period when
numerous and pronounced changes usually occur in the
handwriting of the average writer before it matures and
becomes stabilised in adulthood. As children are typically
first taught to write using copybooks, they develop certain
class characteristics in their handwriting. As they grow
older, their handwriting styles and characteristics are likely
to continue to develop and become more individualistic.
An important question would be : Would the handwriting
of adolescents that are pictorially very similar and assumed
to contain mainly class characteristics contain sufficient
individuality to enable them to be distinguishable from
one another? To investigate this, samples of handwriting
in English were collected from adolescents and inspected
visually. The majority of the samples were found to be small,
neat, non-cursive writing comprising discrete letters (i.e.
handprinting) and from these, samples which were found
to display many similarities in general appearance were
selected for further detailed examination. The results show
that despite the handwriting samples being very similar
pictorially, sufficient individual characteristics were present
in the writing to enable each sample to be differentiated from
the others.
P 03-32
WFF2014
Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and
Technology, Seoul, Korea (South)
TOF-SIMS is well established surface technique that
provides both elemental and organic information from
several monolayers of a sample surface while also allowing
depth profiling or image mapping to be carried out. The static
TOF-SIMS with improved performances has expanded the
application of TOF-SIMS to the study of a variety of organic,
polymeric, and biological, archaeological and forensic
materials. In forensic investigation, use of a minimized
sample for the analysis is essential. Although the TOFSIMS technique is destructive, the probing beams are small
so that it is only necessary to probe a small portion of the
questioned document, leaving the rest available for different
analyses. In the present paper, TOF-SIMS was applied to the
analysis of several different pen inks, red sealing inks, and
printed patterns on paper. The overlapped area of ballpoint
pen writing, red sealing stamping, and laser printing in a
document was investigated in order to identify the sequence
of recording. The sequence relations for various cases were
studied from TOF-SIMS mapping image and depth profile.
TOF-SIMS was successfully used to determine the sequence
of intersecting lines on paper.
KEYWORDS
TOF-SIMS; SEQUENCE; INKS
tree of this set of documents as a sample of the Brazilian
Forensic Documents Examination field. The keywords
of each paper varied between 3 and 10 per record, with 4
keywords as middle value and 5 words as modal value. The
total number of records was 180, distributed in 123 distinct
keywords, which the frequency varying between 1 and 12.
We identified 4 main topics of interest to the forensic experts
(Graphonomy, Ink, Security Documents, and Exams). We
observed that few keywords had frequencies of occurrence
greater than 1. The most cited keywords were Handwriting
Examination (12), Document Examination (8), Handwriting
Identification (6), Video Spectral Comparator (6),
Graphoscopy (5), Handwriting (5), Questioned Documents
(4), Ballpoint Pens (4), Criminal Expert (3), Spectrometry
(3), Class Characteristics (2), Document Analysis (2),
Chemometry (2), CrossingStrokes (2), Fluorescence (2),
Blind Tests (2), Parkinson´s Disease (2), Probability Scales
(2), Security Document (2), Simulation (2), Questioned
Document Examination (2), Law (2). The set of these 22
keywords corresponds to 44.4% of records. 100 keywords
were mentioned only once. The high frequency of graduate
papers related with graphonomy reflects the scientific interest
of the experts’ in discuss and improves its concepts, rules,
protocols, and standards. On the other hand, the interest
shown in new technologies and equipment indicates a
common trend in the Forensic Sciences. The wide variety of
keywords and the low average citation of most papers reflect
the extent and scope of the Documents Examination.
P 03-35
THE BRAZILIAN DOCUMENTS EXAMINATION
KNOWLEDGE TREE BASED ON THE GRADUATE
PAPER OF THE NATIONAL POLICE ACADEMY - 2012
AND 2014
INFORMATION THEORY; DOCUMENT
EXAMINATION; BRAZILIAN FEDERAL POLICE
KEYWORDS
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 15 (Wed)
P 03-36
Guilherme Henrique Braga De Miranda, Gilson Matilde
Diana
National Police Academy, Federal Police Department, Brasília,
Brazil
The College School of the National Police Academy from
Brazilian Federal Police offers post-graduate courses in
document examination to criminal experts since 2010. As a
result, it is mandatory that each student presents a monograph
as a graduate paper. The aim of this study is to analyze
the keywords of these papers, reflecting the experience
and understanding of the document examination experts,
mainly the ones from Brazilian Federal Police (90% of the
course attendants). We analyzed 21 monographs produced
in 2012 and 20 monographs produced in 2014, according
to its subject and keywords. We formulated a knowledge
478
NONAQUEOUS CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS FOR
HIGH SENSITIVE SIMULTANEOUS DETECTION OF
SYNTHETIC ORGANIC DYES IN HANDWRITING INKS
Seung-Hoon Bahng1, Tae-Myung Sung1, Moonhee Park3 ,
Hyunho Lee2 , Seong Ho Kang2
1
IDFS, CIC, Seoul, Korea, Korea (South); 2Applied Chemistry,
Kyung Hee University, Kihung, Korea, Korea (South);
3
Graduate School, Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, Kihung,
Korea (South)
A novel nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis (NACE)
method was developed for high sensitive detection of
various synthetic organic dyes in writing ink (i.e., crystal
violet, methyl violet B, methyl violet B base, rhodamin 6G,
and rhodamin B base) using a laser-induced fluorescence
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
(LIF) detector. Elution behaviors of the dyes in a fusedsilica capillary (75m I.D. x 365m O.D.) were observed
in various organic solvents such as methanol, ethanol,
dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, and acetonitrile. The
NACE separation optimum condition was 20 mM sodium
borate and 870 mM acetic acid in dimethylformamide solvent
under the electric fields of 400 V/cm. The dyes were detected
within 13 min with excellent baseline separations (resolution
≥2.041). The limits of detection (crystal violet, methyl violet
B, methyl violet B base, rhodamin 6G, and rhodamin B base)
were 3.40 x 10-11 M, 2.94 x 10-10 M, 4.33 x 10-10 M, 1.11
x 10-14 M, and 4.20 x 10-16 M, respectively. Enhanced
detection sensitivity of the NACE-LIF method should
contribute to the high sensitive detection on a trace analysis
of synthetic dyes and forensic ink analysis in a document.
KEYWORDS
NONAQUEOUS CAPILLARY
ELECTROPHORESIS; HANDWRITING INKS;
SYNTHETIC ORGANIC DYES
P 03-38
COMPUTER MEASUREMENT TOOLS FOR
ANALYSIS OF HANDWRITING AND SIGNATURES
-GLOBALGRAF II PROGRAMME PACKAGE
Mieczysaw Goc1, Tadeusz Tomaszewski2 , Marek Miron1,
Andrzej Łuszczuk1, Krystyn Łuszczuk1
1
Dokument Examination Unit, Polish Forensic Association,
Poland; 2Faculty of Law and Administration, University of
Warsaw, Poland
KEYWORDS HANDWRITING ANALYSES; SIGNATURES;
GLOBALGRAF
P 03-39
TYPES OF FORGERIES ON VISAS
Sunil Ariya Batakandage
Government Examiner of Questioned Documents, Government
Analyst’s Department, Pelawatta, Battaramulla, Sri Lanka
Illegal migration has long been a problem in Sri Lanka,
especially within the last two decades. Immigrants who are
unable to migrate legally use different techniques to reach
their destination. Most of them use counterfeit or fabricated
travel documents to cheat the officers at the port of entry.
The role of the visa is to permit or authorize immigrants to
travel to a country of which the traveler is not a national. It
also identifies the person’s eligibility to stay in the destination
country. Since the visa is such an important document visas
479
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 15 (Wed)
Handwriting identification, including legible and illegible
signatures, can be effectively supported with dedicated
computer programmes (e.g. GLOBALGRAF I computer
package developed by experts in Poland).
The current poster contains information on additional
computer programmes which utilize the elements of
graphometry and scangraphy in handwriting examination
under the name GLOBALGRAF II with the following
features :
LINIOGRAF – designed for examination of specimen
conformity with application of graphical line measurement
and use of the so-called handwriting density coefficient
to reflect a specific, individual character of the relation
between the real length of line to its width. The programme
automatically measures the width of graphical set and
calculates density coefficient; it also enables a statistical
evaluation of conformity basing on rank correlation;
CENTROGRAF – designed for examination of specimen
conformity through the comparison of the so-called central
lines. Central line is a new handwriting analysis parameter,
which seems to be of high individuality and stability. The
programme designates central line through linking the points
of quadrangle diagonal crossing, described on graphical
elements of analyzed entries (letters, numbers, syllables,
digraphs). The programme allows for determining the
length of the entire central line, line-forming segments,
measurement of angles and analysis of statistical relations
(rank correlation).
BARWOSKAN – designed for colormetric analysis of inks.
The programme is to analyse pixel by pixel, the fragment
of bitmap (entry) according to RGB model. It can be also
used for a parameter-based analysis of shading system. In
addition, some study is underway for the application of
BARWOSKAN for examination of “aging” process of inks
and other covering agents.
PROFILOSKAN – programme for analysis of pressure of
writing instrument applied alongside the measurement line.
The programme is designed for the analysis of dye saturation
(according to RGB model) of inks in crossing points (selected
by expert) between horizontal scanning lines and graphical
line of examined specimen. The result of scanning is
presented in a plot of dye distribution along scanning line, the
so-called profilogram.
The proposed methods of computer-aided handwriting
analysis, including ink examination, apart from stricte
technical advantages, shall have a pivotal influence on
standardizing and objectivity of handwriting identification.
WFF2014
are constantly improved with more sophisticated security
features that are harder to reproduce. These include modern
security printing techniques (intaglio, off-set, letterpress etc.),
kinegrams and holograms, security papers, different types of
inks and newly introduced hidden features.
The cases received from the courts of law and other
institutions by the Laboratory of the Government Examiner
of Questioned Documents (EQD), Sri Lanka were examined
using Video Spectral Comparator (VSC) and the microscopes
under different light conditions as a technique reveal different
types of visa forgeries. On counterfeit visas, it could mostly
be observed embossing in order to give the raised effect of the
intaglio printing. Since the security papers were not available
in the local market the watermarks and security fibers had
been printed on the documents. The highly secure areas of the
visa such as kinegram and latent image cannot be reproduced
easily. Hence they had been taken from the genuinely issued
documents and pasted on the counterfeit visas. In certain
occasion visas with all introduced security features were
found. Examination under different light techniques revealed
that the personal details have been erased chemically and reprinted adding the forger’s details.
The authorities spend a lot of money in order to enhance
security features intending to prevent illegal migration.
Although illegal migrants are continuously trying to use
different methodologies to simulate them, forensic scientists
play a vital major role in identifying the forged travel
documents.
VISA FORGERIES; QUESTIONED
DOCUMENTS; TRAVEL DOCUMENTS
KEYWORDS
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 15 (Wed)
POSTER PRESENTATION 04
OTHERS
P 04-1
SUICIDE BY SUMERSION TIED TO A BICYCLE
Khalid Jaber
Ministry of Health, Directorate of Forensic Centers, Riyadh,
Saudi Arabia
This is an unusal case of a middle aged Irish male who has
been working as a secuirty guard. A report of a floating,
reflective, waist coast spotted by pedestrians along the Grand
Canal in Dublin. When the scene was attended to the presence
in the water of a human body was strongly suspected. A
480
marine police unit was charged with the underwater search.
A comprhensive photography was taken of the underwater
immersion finding, A fully clothed middle aged male was
seen tied to the bicuyycle by a wrist sealing / tying firm
plastic band.
the body was recovered and a complete forensic post mortem
examination was conducted. The scene photos and some of
the autopsy findings will be presented.
A CCTV review of the scene showed the arrival of the
deceased with bicycle and his approach to the edge of the
canal befoe diving in.
This is unusal form of completing suicide and the medical
literature is reviewed and presented in theis poster
presentation. Consideration for hoimicidal death in the
absence of a supporting CCTV will be discussed.
KEYWORDS
SUICIDE; WATER; BICYCLE
P 04-2
THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CRIME LABORATORY
DIRECTORS
“TO PROMOTE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CRIME
LABORATORY LEADERS THROUGHOUT THE
WORLD BY FACILITATING COMMUNICATION
AMONG MEMBERS, SHARING CRITICAL
INFORMATION, PROVIDING RELEVANT
TRAINING, PROMOTING CRIME LABORATORY
ACCREDITATION, AND ENCOURAGING SCIENTIFIC
AND MANAGERIAL EXCELLENCE IN THE GLOBAL
FORENSIC COMMUNITY.”
Brady Mills, Jody Wolf
American Society of Crime Laboratory Directors, Austin TX,
United States
Established in 1973, the American Society of Crime
Laboratory Directors (ASCLD) is a professional association
of crime laboratory leaders whose mission is, “To promote
the effectiveness of crime laboratory leaders throughout
the world by facilitating communication among members,
sharing critical information, providing relevant training,
promoting crime laboratory accreditation, and encouraging
scientific and managerial excellence in the global forensic
community.” ASCLD currently has more than 600 members
from all over the world that represent local, state, federal,
private, academic, and international crime labs. ASCLD has
the following member committees to execute its mission
: Symposium Planning, Advocacy, Communications,
Ethics and Bylaws, Training and Education, Finance,
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
Membership, Nominating and Awards, Forensic Research,
and International Committees.
In the past year, ASCLD delivered more than 4, 140 hours
in training focused on crime laboratory management in the
inaugural ASCLD Leadership Academy and the ASCLD
webinar series titled Confronting Crime Laboratory Backlogs
: Causes, Solution, Expectations. Topics focused on
supervising in a highly technical field, backlog reduction, and
business process improvements in a crime lab. ASCLD also
published more than 50 editions of the Crime Lab Minute,
a weekly newsletter, and two editions of the Executive
Education Digest for crime lab directors. Additionally,
ASCLD hosted its annual symposium in Scottsdale, Arizona
where more than 400 professionals attended 11 workshops
and 3 days of plenary sessions in which the following
topics were presented : current trends in forensic science,
technology updates, report writing, and building a quality
culture in the forensic laboratory. In addition, ASCLD
awarded two scholarships to college students studying
forensic science and who demonstrate academic success, a
commitment to a career in forensic science, and a personal
statement.
Finally, ASCLD is focused on continuing to execute its
mission by hosting additional training webinars and the
ASCLD Leadership Academy in 2014-2015, continued
publications of the Crime Lab Minute and Executive
Education Digest, and the 2015 symposium in Washington,
DC. ASCLD is also focused on evaluating a model program
for the utilization of Rapid DNA technology in a crime
laboratory and interfacing with the federal Organization of
Scientific Area Committees and the National Commission on
Forensic Science.
KEYWORDS
ASCLD; CRIME LAB; LEADERSHIP
THE INTERNATIONAL FORENSIC STRATEGIC
ALLIANCE
Alastair Ross
SMANZFL, Australia
The International Forensic Strategic Alliance (IFSA) is a
partnership between the Regional Networks of Operational
Forensic Laboratories including:
The American Society of Crime Laboratory Directors
(ASCLD);
The European Network of Forensic Science Institutes
(ENFSI);
P 04-4
INTERNATIONAL FORENSIC STRATEGIC ALLIANCE
(IFSA) MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS DOCUMENTS
Brady Mills, Jody Wolf
ASCLD, USA
The quality of forensic services provided at the field as
well as in the laboratory is very important to ensure reliable
reports are produced and used by the criminal justice
system. Around the world, there are many international
or forensic standards leading to accreditation, such as the
ISO/IEC 17025, the American Society of Crime Laboratory
Directors/Laboratory Accreditation Board (ASCLD/LAB),
and the National Association of Testing Authorities, Australia
(NATA).
IFSA recognises the importance of accreditation of forensic
laboratories to provide quality and standardised results, be
it procedures done at the field or in the laboratory. To assist
emerging forensic laboratories in developing countries to
achieve this, IFSA has developed the minimum requirements
documents as a first step towards building a quality forensic
laboratory. Forensic laboratories should build on this
foundation and strive to continually improve the quality of
481
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 15 (Wed)
P 04-3
The Senior Managers of Australian and New Zealand
Forensic Laboratories (SMANZFL);
The Academia Iberoamericana de Criminalistica y Estudios
Forenses (AICEF).
The Asian Forensic Sciences Network (AFSN); and
The Southern Africa Regional Forensic Science Network
(SARFS).
These autonomous networks represent forensic science
management for their specific regions. They have similar
roles, functions and objectives and recognise the value to be
gained through long-term collaboration and cooperation on
strategic issues related to the management and promotion
of forensic science. IFSA works closely with the United
Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) and
INTERPOL who are important strategic partners.
The vision of IFSA is “To create opportunities for strategic
collaboration across the global forensic science community”.
IFSA is maturing as a global organisation and has identified
key strategic priorities. These include a tiered approach to
the development of minimum requirements for a range of
forensic science disciplines for developing countries and a
focus on emerging technologies, forensic science service
models and tracking of key R&D activities within the
Networks.
WFF2014
services.
The content of the minimum requirements document will
cover the following areas:
1. Competence of Personnel
2. Equipment and Consumables
3. Collection; Analysis; Interpretation; Reporting
4. Procedures; Protocols; Validation
5. Quality Management
to differentiate a bear paw from a human hand, because these
are similar in overall size and shape. The forensic scientists
are sometimes being challenged to identify partial remains in
cases where skin and /or claws are absent.
The authors are presenting four forensic identification
methods : anatomical, radiological, serological and
genetic. The authors are presenting specific anatomical
and radiological characters that can be used to differentiate
between bear paws and human hands. Also, serological
methods (reaction with anti - human serum) and genetic tests
(comparing human DNA with the bear DNA) are reviewed.
Finally, the results of the forensic examination in this specific
case are being presented. The forensic exam concluded that it
was a bear’s paw, and this finding concurred with the police
investigation findings which revealed that the bear’s paw
was picked up by a stray dog from the dumpster of a nearby
hunter’s restaurant, dragged, and then abandoned in front of
that gate.
KEYWORDS BEAR PAW; HUMAN HAND; FORENSIC
DIFFERENTIATION
POSTER PRESENTATION 05
FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY (AP)
P 05-4
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 15 (Wed)
BEAR PAW OR HUMAN HAND? FORENSIC METHODS
OF DIFFERENTIATION
Bogdan Malinescu1, Mariana Rosu2 , Constantin Vlagioiu3 ,
Iuliana Piciorus4 , Victorita Stefanescu5
1
Head of the Institution, Ilfov Medico-Legal Service, Bucharest,
Romania; 2Department of Antropology, National Institute
of Legal Medicine “Mina Minovici”, Bucharest, Romania;
3
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine, Bucharest, Romania; 4Department of Radiology,
National Institute of Legal Medicine “Mina Minovici”,
Bucharest, Romania; 5Department of Radiology and Medical
Imaging, “Dunarea De Jos” University, Faculty of Medicine and
Pharmacy, Galati, Romania
Forensic scientists are often asked to identify unearthed bones
found near human activity areas such as new constructions,
excavation sites, etc. In the case presented by the authors the
unidentified remains (animal paw or human hand) were found
on the sidewalk in front of the gate of a house located in a
small town in Romania. Based on this case presentation the
authors review an update of various forensic methods used
482
P 05-5
A TEST OF THE FORDISC SOFTWARE ON MODERN
KOREAN MANDIBLES
Helen Cho1, Kyung-Seok Hu2 , Hee-Jin Kim2
1
Department of Anthropology, Davidson College, Davidson,
Nc, United States; 2Department of Oral Biology, College of
Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea (South)
Sex estimation of unknown human skeletal remains is a
standard part of forensic osteological analyses. In the US,
forensic anthropologists often employ FORDISC, a userfriendly discriminant function analysis software designed
to assist in the estimation of sex and ancestry. The reference
groups used to create the program are based on the Forensic
Data Bank (FDB) at the University of Tennessee-Knoxville
that includes the following populations : American black
males and females, American Indian males and females,
American white males and females, Chinese males,
Guatemalan males, Hispanic males, Japanese males and
females, and Vietnamese males. Due to the wide spectrum
of human biological variation, the methodologies developed
from these 12 reference groups may not necessarily apply
to other populations. However, due to biological and
cultural affinity among East Asian populations, FORDISC
discriminant functions may be applicable to modern
Koreans. We tested FORDISC 3.0 on a collection of 54
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
modern South Korean mandibles at the Yonsei University
College of Dentistry for which sex and age are documented.
Ten mandibular measurements as specified in the standard
osteological data collection procedure were entered into the
FORDISC program. Japanese male and female reference
groups, the closest affinity group to our study sample, were
selected for sex classification. FORDISC correctly classified
the sex in 37 individuals (68.5%). Two individuals could not
be classified into either sex due to measurements that were
too dissimilar to the comparison groups : one individual had
extreme alveolar resorption from antemortem tooth loss,
and another individual had a very robust mandible with
no obvious pathologies. Three males were misclassified
as females and 12 females misclassified as males. Korean
mandibles in both sexes can be characterized as robust,
despite antemortem tooth loss and alveolar resorption in
many of the misclassified cases in the study sample. There
exist morphological differences in the mandible with
Chinese, Japanese, and various other population groups that
FORDISC cannot correctly classify sex in many cases. The
software should be tested on a larger Korean sample, and
the FDB should continue to diversify the reference groups
represented in the database and urge anthropologists to
contribute osteological data from documented cases.
KEYWORDS
MANDIBLE; FORDISC; KOREA
P 05-6
MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF THE SKULLS BY
MOIRÉ CONTOUROGRAPHY
Although all biological profile is important for identifying
the victim, estimation for sex is believed to be the most
important. The non-metric analysis of the skulls is very useful
for estimating sex, however, the accuracy tends to depend
on the amount of experiences of the observers, and so interobserver errors might be happened. Many researchers are
trying to find out more improved methods for estimating sex.
The purpose of this presentation is to show the usefulness of
moiré contourography for analyzing the skull.
Takasaki (1970) 1) introduced the moiré contourography in
order to determine the surface contour of a certain material.
KEYWORDS S E X D E T E R M I N AT I O N ; S K U L L ;
BIOLOGICAL PROFILE
P 05-7
SEX DETERMINATION USING 3D IMAGE FROM THE
MEDIAL AND LATERAL CONDYLES OF THE FEMUR
483
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 15 (Wed)
Dae-Kyoon Park1, Jae-Woo Kang4 , Jin-Whan Ryu4 , Duk-Soo
Kim1, Kyungho Park1, U-Young Lee2 , Yi-Suk Kim3
1
Department of Anatomy, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan,
Korea (South); 2Department of Anatomy, Catholic University,
Seoul, Korea (South); 3Department of Anatomy, Ewha Womans
University, Seoul, Korea (South); 4NICE, College of Medicine,
Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, Korea (South)
The fringe contour lines are visible on the surface of materials
as a result of an interference phenomenon of light. The
master screen that is similar to the gratings was made by
steel rods, which were arranged as equally spaced parallel
lines. Halogen light source was illuminated by lantern slide
projector. The skeletal materials were documented crania,
composed of 87 male and 47 female, from William M. Bass
Donated Skeletal Collection housed at the Department of
Anthropology, University of Tennessee. The skulls were
placed just behind the master screen as anatomical position
using cubic craniophore. The angle between the light source
and camera was 65˚, the distance between camera and the
master screen was 1.2 m. Frontal view, left lateral and right
lateral view were taken.
From the frontal view, fringe patterns were analyzed for
first five contour lines which were mainly located around
the Glabella. The results were as followed; Type Ifor male
was 15% and female was 2%; Type II for male was 48% and
female was 6%; Type Ⅲ for male was 29% and female was
4%; Type IV for male was 2% and female was 32%; Type V
for male was 6% and female was 55%.
From the lateral view, fringe patterns were analyzed for first
four contour lines. However, first and second contour lines
were critical to determine the shape and the results were as
followed; TypeI for male was 52% and female was 22%;
Type II for male was 58% and female was 26%; Type Ⅲ for
male was 8% and female was 17%; Type IV for male was 2%
and female was 33%; Type V for male was 0% and female
was 2%.
According to this study, different fringe patterns might be
dependent on the degree of development of bone marker such
as Glabella, Supercillary arch, Eurion and Mastoid process.
For example, Supercillary arches were very well developed
and slope of forehead above the Glabella was declined, fringe
pattern showed downward arrowhead shape. If Supercillary
arches were poorly developed and slope of forehead above
the Glabella was flat, fringe pattern showed home plate shape.
The present research shows that moiré contourography might
be used as more objective methods for estimating sex. In the
future, continuing study need to be performed with shallower
spaced master screen to produce clearer fringe pattern.
WFF2014
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 15 (Wed)
Deog-Im Kim1, Dai-Soon Kwak2 , Seung-Ho Han3
1
Department of Nursing, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea
(South); 2Department of Anatomy, The Catholic University of
Korea, Seoul, Korea (South); 3Department of Anatomy, ChungAng University, Seoul, Korea (South)
The femur is known one of the useful bones in the
postcranium to determine sex. Most research reported head
diameter, epicondylar breadth, and bicondylar length has
high discrimination than other variable. In addition to, the
proximal and distal parts of the femur show the difference
between the sexes, too. The proximal end of femur, including
head, is studied to determine sex using discriminant analysis
but; its distal end is not done. In orthopedics, the anatomical
study of the medial and lateral condyles of the femur has
been of interest in the development and design for a knee
prosthesis. Many researchers in orthopedics reported the
distal part of the femur showed the difference between the
sexes. This study aims to make sure of the usefulness of the
distal part for sex determination and to develop an equation
by using the medial and lateral condyles of the femur.
We used three-dimensional images from 202 Korean femurs.
Fifteen variables were measured with a computer program
after the femurs were in alignment.
Fourteen variables showed a statistically difference between
the sexes (P < 0.01). The most accurate equation used with
of the medial and lateral condyles (WDC), with of the medial
condyle (WMC), depth of the lateral condyle (DLC), and
depth of the intercondylar notch (DIN) (94.1%), and is as
follows :
D = 0.336 x WDC + (-0.097) x WMC + (-0.153) x DLC +
0.372 x DIN – 20.912.
The second highest accuracy was 90.1% of the width
dimensional group and WDC. The accuracy using traditional
variables - bicondylar length, epicondylar breadth, and
maxium head diameter – was not higher than variables of the
distal part. It was 88.4% in maximum head diameter, 84.1%
in epicondylar breadth, and 76.7% in bicondylar length.
This study shows that the medial and lateral condyles of the
femur should be helpful for sex determination in situations
where the skull, pelvis and femoral head are missing and the
distal part of the femur is available.
CONDITIONS: A CONTRIBUTION OF FORENSIC
ANTHROPOLOGY TO CEMETERIES MANAGEMENT
Maria Gama, Duarte Vieira, Maria Ferreira
Centre of Forensic Sciences (CENCIFOR), Faculty of Medicine
of the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
The knowledge of the decomposition process takes
an increasingly central role in cemetery management,
especially in countries like Portugal, whose cemeteries are
overcrowded. There is currently an increase in constructing
drawers that allow aerobic decomposition. This style of
burial has (theoretically) some advantages. By allowing the
circulation of oxygen will lead to a rapid decomposition,
and consequently allowing the rotation of the burial space.
Also admits the burial of corpses in several small areas. On
the other hand, solve some environmental issues. However,
the manners in which the decomposition occurs under these
conditions and the time required for skeletonization are still
unknown.
The aim of this study is to analyze the changes of the
cadaver’s burial in drawers, realize how much time is a
necessary for skeletonization, check if and how the system of
air circulation influences decomposition and study solutions
that enable a faster decomposition.
This experimental study began with the three systems of
drawers that are already in Portuguese cemeteries and a
prototype system. For this first approach we used four pig
carcasses of the same sex, from the same litter and with
the same feeding and cause of death. After the deposition
of carcasses, the drawers were sealed with clear acrylic.
The evolution of the decomposition process was evaluated
weekly, over 147 days (and 2184 ADD).
This first stage of the study has indicated the existence of
differences in the decomposition process between the four
systems. The results allowed us to select some necessary
characteristics for a faster decomposition. In a new stage
of this experimental study will be necessary to build a
prototype with the characteristics that we think are essential
in optimizing the aerobic decomposition systems.
KEYWORDS AEROBIC DECOMPOSITION; FORENSIC
TAPHONOMY; FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY
CONDYLE OF FEMUR; SEX DETERMINATION;
DISCRIMINANT
KEYWORDS
P 05-10
P 05-9
A TAPHONOMIC APPROACH TO THE STUDY OF
HUMAN BODY DECOMPOSITION IN AEROBIC
484
THE APPLICATION OF REDUCTION TECHNIQUE
AND ITS CONTRIBUTION TO THE BONES
IDENTIFICATION AT LABORATORY OF FORENSIC
ANTHROPOLOGY FROM CEMEL/FMRP-USP
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
Jose Marcelo Secchieri, Raffaela Arrabaca Francisco, Teresa
Cristina Pantozzi Silveira, Marco Aurelio Guimaraes
Pathology and Legal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School,
University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
KEYWORDS FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY; PUTREFIED
BODIES; BONES
P 05-11
RECORDING BOOK FOR INDIGENTS AND UNKNOWN
DECEASED AT CEMEL/FMRP-USP, BRAZIL: HOW
A SIMPLE CARE CAN HELP RELATIVES TO FIND
MISSED PEOPLE
Teresa Cristina Pantozzi Silveira, Raffaela Arrabaca
Francisco, Jose Marcelo Secchieri, Marco Aurelio
Guimaraes
Pathology and Legal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School,
University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
INTRODUCTION : The deceased who are forwarded to the
Medico Legal Centre in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil (CEMEL/
FMRP-USP) as unknown (ignored identity) or indigent
(identified but unclaimed) are kept in a specific refrigerator
from 12 to 15 days, until being recognized by relatives or
friends. When they are not, the final destiny is a burial as
an unknown or indigent person at the local public cemetery.
Considering the absence of an effective national databank for
missing people in Brazil, a local solution was implemented.
OBJECTIVE : Increase the chances for relatives who are
looking for their missing people to find them after death and
relieve their pain.
METHODS : When a corpse arrives at CEMEL as unknown
or indigent, the first procedure to photograph his/her face.
Other details of the body that may assist in identification,
such as tattoos, bruises, blemishes, belongings and other
peculiarities are also registered. A one to two pages file
created in an ordinary text software with the images and a
short report specifying the dates of entry and burial, as well as
the cause of death is done. The exact location of the burial at
the local cemetery is added after, regarding the localization of
the body if it is claimed. This document is finally printed and
added to a file book.
RESULTS : Starting in 1999, for the last 15 years this
“recording book for indigents and unknown” detailed
information of 192 deceased people. It can be accessed by
485
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 15 (Wed)
INTRODUCTION : With the creation of the protocol LAF/
CEMEL in 2005 it was also established and allowed the
development of the activities related to the preparation
of reports regarding identification of human remains.
Considering climate conditions and facilities available at
CEMEL, a protocol for soft tissues cleansing from bodies
found in putrefaction became necessary aiming to facilitate
manipulation, organization and identification of bone
structures. It is noteworthy that before the creation of the
reduction protocol for decomposing bodies, they were buried
as unknown or indigents and hardly had the opportunity to be
identified later.
OBJECTIVE : Show how the protocol for soft tissues
removal from human remains regarding preparation of bones
for forensic anthropological examination is increasing the
identification of missed people in Ribeirão Preto – São Paulo
/ Brasil.
METHODS : When the body is sent to CEMEL, pictures are
taken with special attention to peculiar signs, like tattoos,
piercings, clothes, evidence of the cause of death, and other
particularities if any. A sample for DNA analysis (tooth or
bone fragment – preferably the sternum or a femur fragment)
is collected before starting the process. So, the body must
have its limbs and the head disarticulated by anatomical
dissection. Then, each of the parts must be placed in a
metallic basket and put into a maceration tank (Multifritas
®
) containing just tap water with no other chemical products
and kept under controlled temperature (80 to 90 degrees C)
for 24-48h, depending on the amount and conditions of the
remaining soft tissues. The reason for no chemical addictions
in the water is to avoid damages to bone structure. After the
maceration, the removal of the soft tissues is easier and can
be done avoiding the use of instruments that can produce
artifacts on the bone structure. Then, the recovered bones
are left to sun dry before being sent for the anthropological
analysis.
RESULTS : From the year of 2005 to 2013, 93 cases were
sent to LAF/CEMEL. These, 60 unidentified bodies in
putrefaction went through this protocol for soft tissues
removal and 20 of those were identified (22%). These
procedures allowed that in an average interval of 7296h skeletons were submitted to forensic anthropology
examination generating reports with detailed description of
bioanthropological profiles (gender, ancestry, age, stature,
handedness, dental characteristics, bone pathological
conditions and/or trauma).
CONCLUSION : The method described above is efficient for
soft tissues removal from putrefied bodies leading to a faster
preparation of the skeletons for forensic anthropological
analysis, which improved the quality and agility in reports
preparation and increasing the chances of identification, with
great social impact for the population.
WFF2014
anyone who seeks the CEMEL/FMRP-USP searching for
a missing relative. Even being a “manual” database this
procedure allowed the recognition and identification of 30
people (16%).
CONCLUSION : Although CEMEL/FMRP-USP is part
of a university, it has not the official role to assume the
localization of missing people. This action caused an
awareness of local society and different public and private
institutions. Recently, CEMEL/FMRP-USP received an
offer to have the information of unknown and indigent
computerized in a databank with no costs, which can improve
the quality of search and cross checking the information
about missing people and deceased persons, not only locally
but eventually in a national level. An example of how
volunteer work can reach the status of reference in the medico
legal work in a huge but unequal country like Brazil.
KEYWORDS UNKNOWN DECEASED; INDIGENTS;
IDENTIFICATION
P 05-12
MICROSCOPIC RESIDUES OF BONE FROM
DISSOLVING HUMAN REMAINS IN ACIDS
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 15 (Wed)
Peter Zoon, Erwin Vermeij, Reza Gerretsen, Mayonne Van
Wijk
Microtraces, Netherlands Forensic Institute, The Hague,
Netherlands
Dissolving bodies in acids is a well-known method of
disposing of human remains and has been practiced
throughout the years. History’s most notorious case is the
“acid bath murderer” John Haigh, an English serial killer
during the 1940’s, who was convicted and subsequently
executed for murdering six people. He dissolved the bodies
in concentrated sulfuric acid, believing that if the victims’
bodies could not be found, then a murder conviction would
not be possible.
During the last decade in the Netherlands, two cases have
emerged in which human remains were treated with acid.
In the first case, a witness declared that a suspect involved
in drug trafficking had killed his missing companion and
burned him in a improvised incinerator. However, no remains
of neither the victim nor the incinerator were found. Later,
during another house search, an off-white concrete-like
object, speckled with pink and brown spots, was found buried
in a refuse bag in the suspects’ garden. At first, no-one had
an idea what this odd appearing material could be. After
preparing a polished section of the material in question, its
486
internal structure was revealed. The white material consisted
of gypsum, and the pink and brown spots consisted of
some sand and thin walled structures containing calcium,
phosphorus and fluorine. A series of laboratory experiments
confirmed that these mysterious thin walled structures were
originally bone that was almost completely dissolved by
hydrofluoric acid (HF) alone or a mixture of hydrofluoric and
other acids.
In the second case, a conscientious witness declared to
the police that he had helped to dispose of two bodies by
dissolving them in a mixture of hydrochloric and sulfuric
acids in a plastic barrel. The mixture was stirred regularly and
floating fatty residue was skimmed off and drained in a sink.
A portion of the broth was regularly replaced by fresh acid.
Solid substances from this removed broth were set apart and
treated separately in a bucket of fresh acid. After two weeks,
when the bodies were dissolved, the remaining fluid was
poured down the drain adjacent to the witness’ house.
The contents of the drain and the sewers were secured by the
police and consisted of several kilograms of waste, including
sand, demolition materials, and stone. After carefully sifting
through the contents of the drain, one pivot tooth, a small
piece of epidermis, and four residual particles with the same
elemental composition as bone (calcium and phosphorus)
were found. The four remnants were subjected to DNAanalysis but unfortunately it was not possible to obtain a DNA
profile of one of the victims.
Apart from the macroscopic findings, in almost every sample,
microscopic residues of bone were found. These microscopic
residues fall into three categories : 1) bone, partly aciddigested at the edges, 2) thin-walled structures such as those
described above and 3) recrystallized calcium phosphate.
Although some may believe it is possible to dissolve a body
in acid completely, at least some of the aforementioned
microscopic residues will always be found.
KEYWORDS
SEM/EDX; ANTHROPOLOGY; ACID
P 05-13
EXECUTION AND HIDING CRIMES OF BODIES IN
SUGARCANE IN THE CITY OF RIBEIRAO PRETO SAO PAULO/BRAZIL
Raffaela Arrabaca Francisco, Teresa Cristina Pantozzi
Silveira, Jose Marcelo Secchieri, Moacyr Lobo Costa Jr.,
Marco Aurelio Guimaraes
Pathology and Legal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School,
University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
KEYWORDS
FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY; EXECUTION;
P 05-14
RADIOLOGIC IDENTIFICATION OF SKELETAL
REMAINS FOUND IN SARDINIAN ‘SUPRAMONTE’
USING MULTISLICE COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
Valentina Piredda1, Maurizio Conti2 , Stefano Profili3 ,
Giuseppe Manzoni2 , Gian Battista Meloni2 , Francesco
Meloni3 , Elena Mazzeo1
1
Department of Biomedical Sciences- Legal Medicine,
University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy; 2Department of Clinical and
Experimental Medicine, Diagnostic Imaging, Radiotherapy and
Neuroradiology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy; 3Service of
Radiology, Hospital SS. Annunziata, Sassari, Italy
OBJECTIVE : the Department of Biomedical Sciences,
Legal Medicine and Department of Clinical and
Experimental Medicine, Diagnostic Imaging, Radiotherapy
and Neuroradiology, University of Sassari developed an
investigation identifying the human skeletal remains found in
unknown cave in the mountains of sardinian ‘Supramonte’.
The purpose of this research was to determine, as accurately
as possible, the biological profile and the evidence of
taphonomic processes from the recovered remains. We
proceeded involving conventional X-ray and multi-slice
computed tomography (MSCT).
MATERIALS AND METHODS : Conventional X-ray,
multislice computed tomography (MSCT) and postprocessing two and three-dimensional bone reconstructions
allowed morphological analysis and virtual anthropological
study of the bones. The images were interpreted by
radiologists and forensic pathologists, both practiced in
human identification, determining sex, age at death and
possible lesions.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS : the findings of this
investigation lead to assess considerable informations for
reconstructive identification. They also demonstrate the
valuable role of the MSCT images in human skeletal remains
identification. In this poster presentation we expound upon
the conclusions of this investigation.
COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY; HUMAN
IDENTIFICATION; SKELETAL REMAINS
KEYWORDS
P 05-15
FLUMINEDDU’S CAVE BONES IN SARDINIAN
‘SUPRAMONTE’ (ITALY): A MULTIDISCIPLINARY
APPROACH FOR THEIR IDENTIFICATION
BONES
Martina Focardi1, Valentina Piredda2 , Vindice Mingioni3 ,
487
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 15 (Wed)
INTRODUCTION : Ribeirão Preto is a Brazilian city in
the state of São Paulo. It has an area of over 650 km² and
has a population of 604, 682 inhabitants according to the
last census conducted in the city in 2010, for the Brazilian
Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), which ranks
Ribeirão Preto as the eighth most populous city in the state
and the third largest city of São Paulo state and Brazilian. Its
urbanized area corresponds to 127 km², being the 17th largest
in Brazil. The region is surrounded by sugarcane plantations,
which are known to be ideal locations for “spawning” of
bodies, since the crops grow quickly, in about three months
reaches a size that prevents the viewing of a body that
has been hidden in its inside, making it the ideal place for
executions and or hiding victims. The reduced view of its
interior and reduced access amongst the plants, the human
remains are predominantly found in the harvest period, putrid
or even completely skeletonized. It must also be considered
the increase in the cultivated area of this plant, which had
an increase above 1, 000% over the years in some places,
making easier its use for the criminal purposes.
OBJECTIVES : The purpose of this study was to verify if
the number of cases of skeletonized human remains referred
to the LAF/CEMEL is proportional to the total number
of homicides fowarded to the Nucleus for Medical Legal
Expertise in Ribeirão Preto (NPML/RPO) during the same
time interval. The main objective was to verify if the number
of human remains found can be associated to the occurrence
of ordinary homicides of if it has a particular behaviour
deserving an independent analysis.
METHODS : The study was conducted comparing year to
year the number of deaths from homicides in Ribeirão Preto,
with the number of bones sent to LAF/CEMEL in the last
decade.
RESULTS : It was found that deaths from homicides in
Ribeirão Preto has dropped from 34 to 07 cases per 100
thousand/inhabitants/year; however, the average number of
bones sent to LAF/CEMEL increased from 05 to 09 for year
in the past ten years analyzed. This demonstrates that there is
no relationship between the number of deaths by homicides
treated by NPML/RPO and the number of bones sent for
analysis in LAF/CEMEL.
CONCLUSION : Thus it can be assumed that cases of
skeletonized bodies sent to LAF/CEMEL, must relate to
crimes of execution and hiding a body into the cane fields of
Ribeirão Preto and region, this being a distinct situation from
the cases of homicides examined by NPML/RPO.
WFF2014
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 15 (Wed)
Elena Mazzeo2
1
Department of Health Sciences-Forensic Sciences Section,
University of Florence, Florence, Italy; 2Department of
Biomedical Sciences-Legal Medicine, University of Sassari,
Sassari, Italy; 3Service of Anatomy Pathology, Hospital S.
Francesco, Nuoro, Italy
OBJECTIVE : According to identification forensic methods,
it has been developed a multidisciplinary approach in the
inquiry of the skeletal remains found in newly discovered
cave in the mountains of sardinian ‘Supramonte’ during
April 2014. The aim of the investigation was firstly to
achieve reconstructive identification of bones and to define,
as accurately as possible, time elapsed since death of
the individuals whose bones belonged to. We proceeded
involving conventional techniques to human identification
which consist in genetic exam for the characterization of
the DNA and high-resolution mass spectrometry (AMS)
radiocarbon dating to date the remains.
MATERIALS AND METHODS : The genetic analysis for
the characterization of DNA was performed on samples
according to the recommended analytical protocol for the
performance of genetic tests. The finds were also analyzed
with radiocarbon method by the technique of highresolution mass spectrometry (AMS); the extracted material
was converted into carbon dioxide by acidification and in
graphite by reduction. The amount of graphite extracted
from the samples has allowed the estimation of radiocarbon
concentration. The date obtained was then calibrated to
calendar age.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS : The data obtained
allowed considerable information; furthermore we can
provide to elucidate the date of death of skeletonized human
remains and also to find the accordance between these bones
in order to suggest, hypothetically, if them belonged to the
same settlement. The scientific results were compared with
historical data about ancient population settled in Sardinian
Supramonte.
KEYWORDS RECONSTRUCTIVE IDENTIFICATION;
FORENSIC SCIENCES; HUMAN SKELETAL REMAINS
P 05-16
GLYCOSYLATED PROTEINS PRESERVED OVER
MILLENNIA: N-GLYCAN ANALYSIS OF TYROLEAN
ICEMAN, SCYTHIAN PRINCESS AND WARRIOR
Bum Jin Kim, Hyun Joo An
Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology,
488
Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea (South)
An improved understanding of glycosylation will provide
new insights into many biological processes. In the analysis
of oligosaccharides from biological samples, a strict regime
is typically followed to ensure sample integrity. However,
the fate of glycans that have been exposed to environmental
conditions over millennia has not yet been investigated.
This is also true for understanding the evolution of the
glycosylation machinery in humans as well as in any
other biological systems. In this study, we examined the
glycosylation of tissue samples derived from four mummies
which have been naturally preserved : – the 5, 300 year old
‘’Iceman called Oetzi’’, found in the Tyrolean Alps; the 2,
400 year old ‘’Scythian warrior’’ and ‘’Scythian Princess’’,
found in the Altai Mountains; and a 4 year old apartment
mummy, found in Vienna/Austria. The number of N-glycans
that were identified varied both with the age and the
preservation status of the mummies. More glycan structures
were discovered in the contemporary sample, as expected,
however it is significant that glycan still exists in the ancient
tissue samples. This discovery clearly shows that glycans
persist for thousands of years, and these samples provide a
vital insight into ancient glycosylation, offering us a window
into the distant past.
M U M M Y; G LY C O S Y L AT I O N ; M A S S
SPECTROMETRY
KEYWORDS
P 05-18
IDENTIFICATION OF 60 YEARS OLD SKELETON
IN THE GRAVEYARD, BY MEANS OF ORTHOPEDIC
SCREW IMPLANTS
Djaja Surya Atmadja1, Evi Untoro2
1
Department of Forensic Medicine and Medico-legal, Faculty
of Medicine University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia;
2
Instalation of Forensic Medicine, Sentra Medika Cibinong
Hospital, Bogor, Indonesia
Introduction. In Chinese culture, there is a need to reunite
the remains of a couple when death is separated long time
one from another. In this situation, exhumation of the
former late and identification of the remains need the help
of forensic expert. Identification of the remains buried more
than 50 years basically need application various identification
methods, and finding of a specific individual marker, such
as plate and screw will be high valuable to get the higher
degree of accuracy. Case report. A male, 50 years old was
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
found death due to heart attack. His body was embalmed
and the remains was buried in a graveyard in a coffin. Ten
years before death, the male has a history of femoral fracture
and orthopedic doctor has implant 4 screws to reunite the
head of femur. Sixty years later, his wife passed away due
to old aged and their children want to reunite their parent
remains in a single grave. An exhumation was executed and
a forensic pathologist was asked for identify the remains.
No more coffin was exist, and some skeleton was found
inside the trousers. Most of the skeleton was disappeared or
broken, however long bones of extremities and fragmented
vault fragment were still existed. The femurs were found and
on the right femoral head there were 4 screw. The finding
of these screw were confirmed by the family belong to the
late. The identification swas confirmed baased on the grave
location, clothes and the screw and the remains was taken by
the family for the reunion purposes. Conclusion. In personal
identification, history of medical intervention, and the
finding of implants, such as screw, can be used for positive
identification of the sekeletal remains
Finally, as a result of having collected this evidence, we could
send this body to their relatives.
UNIDENTIFIED DEAD BODIES; COMPLETE
BODIES; DECOMPOSED BODIES
KEYWORDS
KEYWORDS P E R S O N A L I D E N T I F I C A T I O N ;
ORTHOPEDIC SCREW; FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY
P 05-19
SUCCESSFULNESS OF AN IDENTIFIED DEAD BODY
FROM THE SILICONE NUMBER
Narttida Susri, Pol. Capt Rachadaporn Mornmoung
Bureau of Missing Person Identification, Central Institute of
Forensic Science, Bangkok, Thailand
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 15 (Wed)
Unidentified dead bodies are divided into many types such
as complete bodies, decomposed bodies, skeletonize bodies,
etc. The capability to identify these bodies depends on postmortem conditions, clothing, accessories and other pieces of
evidence related to the body found. Therefore, data collecting
from unidentified dead bodies is very important as well as
collecting anti-mortem information from suspected relatives.
For this case, this unidentified dead body died by falling into
water at Pathumthani Province. Police officers sent this body
to the Central Institute of Forensic Science (CIFS), Ministry
of Justice to perform an autopsy and to identify the body. We
found that this body had had plastic surgery (silicone) on the
breasts for which there is a serial number. This number led
us to the customer’s information (name) from the warranty
card, the address of the customer and the telephone number of
the customer from TOT Public Company Limited (1133). We
identified the relatives from the civil registration database.
489
WFF2014
POSTER PRESENTATION 06
FORENSIC GENETICS & BIOLOGY (GB)
P 06-1
THE ROLE OF GENETIC TESTING IN CARDIAC
DEATHS UNDER SUSPICION OF HYPERTROPHIC
CARDIOMYOPATHY: VALIDATING A METHOD AND
PRESENTING PRELIMINARY DATA OF AN ITALIAN
RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
Camilla Tettamanti, Simonetta Verdiani, Lucia Casarino,
Alessandro Bonsignore, Francesco Ventura
Department of Legal and Forensic Medicine, University of
Genova, Genova, Italy
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), occurring with a
prevalence of 1/500, is the most common cause of sudden
cardiac death in young athletes and one of the most frequent
in adult, and it is characterized by phenotypic and genotypic
heterogeneity. Particularly, its onset can be completely
asymptomatic as well as it can reveal arrhythmias,
cardiovascular dysfunctions and also sudden deaths.
Several hundreds of mutations among at least 27 different
genes have been identified in determining HCM so far.
The majority of HCM is caused by mutations in genes
encoding components of the cardiac tissue. MYH7 (encoding
beta-myosin heavy chain), TNNT2 (encoding cardiac
Troponin T) and TNNI3 (encoding cardiac Troponin I) genes
account for 25% to 35% of all the above mentioned mutations
and they are easily investigated together by using standard
polymerase chain reaction and Sanger Method of DNA
sequencing.
The authors focus on the DNA sequence of eight exons (5,
9, 13, 19, 35 and 36 of MYH7, exon 9 of TNNT2, exon 8 of
TNNI3 gene) – reported in the reviewed literature between
those with a high prevalence of mutations – starting from
different frozen tissues (spleen, myocardium and blood)
collected during forensic autopsies performed in a 5-year
period (2009-2013) at the University of Genova, Italy.
The analysis involved 9 cases of sudden cardiac death.
Genomic DNA was isolated in one case from myocardium,
in two cases from spleen and in six cases from blood using
Puregene DNA purification kit. Single exons have been
amplified by PCR with specifically designed primers.
The screening of mutations has been carried out by direct
sequencing.
In all cases it was possible to obtain a complete DNA
sequence.
None of the cases revealed evidence of HCM sequence
490
variants; instead, in three subjects the c.gcG/gcA
synonymous variant (rs 3729830) in the exon 35 MYH7 was
found.
The presented retrospective study allowed the authors to
validate a method of DNA extraction and sequencing from
different frozen samples collected in a wide range of years.
According to this, further analysis would be performed
in order to reveal the real incidence of HCM occurring in
sudden unexplained death; as a matter of fact, being able to
reach a certain post-mortem diagnosis of HCM is a crucial
step to perform a proper counselling between the deceased’s
family. Moreover, after a genetic diagnosis of HCM, the firstdegree relatives may undergo a possible screening to prevent
other sudden deaths allowing timely therapeutic measures
and a mandatory follow-up.
KEYWORDS HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY;
GENETIC POST-MORTEM DIAGNOSIS; RELATIVES
COUNSELLING
P 06-2
COMBATING INTERNATIONAL WILDLIFE
TRAFFICKING IN LATIN AMERICA: THE ROLE OF
FORENSIC SCIENCE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE
AMAZON ECOSYSTEM
Rodrigo Mayrink1, Antonio Mauricio Santos Filho1, Daniel
Vilela2 , Marina Meneghini3 , Izabella Machado4 , Barbara
Trindade5
1
Forensic Sector, Federal Police of Brazil, Belo Horizonte,
Brazil; 2Sector of Reception and Care of Wild Animals, Brazilian
Institute of Environment and Renewable Resources, Belo
Horizonte, Brazil; 3Environmental Engineering Course, Federal
Center of Technological Education, Belo Horizonte, Brazil;
4
Biology Course, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo
Horizonte, Brazil; 5Environmental Engineering Course, Una
University Center, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
Brazil, due to shelter most of the Amazonian ecosystem,
increasingly stands out in the international stage regarding
to efforts to protect global biodiversity. For the past 20 years
its legislation and public policy has achieved great strides in
terms of protecting forests and wildlife. Currently the country
has the National Environmental Policy Law, the National
System of Conservation Units Law and the Environmental
Crimes Law, among other acts. Furthermore, it is signatory
to CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered
Species of Wild Fauna and Flora).
In this context, the Brazilian Federal Police, through its
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
KEYWORDS WILDLIFE TRAFFIC; ENVIRONMENTAL
CRIME; FORENSIC VETERINARY MEDICINE
P 06-3
EXHUMED BONES AND TEETH FROM TROPICAL
CLIMATE FOR FORENSIC HUMAN IDENTIFICATION
PURPOSES: HISTOPATHOLOGY OF FEMORAL
COMPACT BONE AND APPLICATION OF
ENDODONTIC METHODS IN TEETH
Rafael Dias Astolphi1, Victor Eduardo Arias1, Caio Cesar
Floriano Luz1, Marco Aurelio Guimaraes2 , Raffaela
Arrabaca Francisco2 , Rafal Barrios Mello1, Maria Regina
Regis Silva1, Carolina Mautoni1, Maria Tereza Seixas Alves1,
Edna Sadayo Miazato Iwamura1
1
Department of Pathology, Paulista School of Medicine
- Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil;
2
Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Riberao Preto
Medical School - University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
Some issues in forensic pathology, such as human
identification when only bones and teeth are available,
are still a challenge. In most cases the bones and teeth
have degraded DNA and these samples have intrinsic
characteristics variables, arising from different environments.
Additionally, it is observed in the literature that there is a
scarcity of studies involving recent samples and coming from
the same environment. Furthermore, rarely is performed an
ultrastructural classification of the samples. The objective
of the present study was to perform : 1) An evaluation
of the microstructural histopathology of bone tissue and
preservation of the cell array to subsequent molecular
analyzes; 2) A proposition of a technique for extraction of
DNA from fresh teeth, which can be extrapolated to exhumed
teeth. For this, we used : a) Fragments of compact bone
from femoral diaphysis from 11 adult individuals exhumed
5 and 12 years post inhumation, from the same cemetery
in Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. Controls were derived
from amputee’s surgery (n = 3), considering that controls
and exhumed fragments were collected from the same
femur region. For morphological analysis, the samples were
fixed, decalcified in nitric acid and then stained with H&E,
picrosirius red, silver reticulin and silver methenamine;
b) 10 teeth (canine, molar and premolar) were extracted
from different individuals and kept in sterile tubes and then
embedded in plastic cup within mixture containing gypsum
and sawdust, followed by radiographs and coronectomy
through micromotor coupled with a carborundum disc wheel.
The dental pulp tissues were collected by Hedstroem files
lengths 25 and 21 mm, transferred to a tube containing 0.5
mL extraction buffer (0.5 M EDTA, 0.5% Tween®20 and 30μl
proteinase K at 20mg/mL) and incubated at 56°C overnight.
Thus, the DNA was purified using GFX Purification Kit®.
491
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
forensic branch – the National Institute of Criminalistics and
its state offices – has taken leading role in scientific research
applied to combating environmental crimes, especially
crimes against wildlife. In the last decade, the institution has
significantly increased its staff of forensic experts in the fields
of Veterinary Medicine, Biology, Forestry, Environmental
Chemistry, and others. This growth has been promoting
the development of several specific forensic techniques for
the protection of biodiversity of Amazon, Atlantic Forest
and Cerrado (the Brazilian savanna) in cooperation with
universities and IBAMA, the federal environmental agency.
The aim of this paper is to report the main advances of the
Brazilian Federal Police in forensic examinations related to
wildlife protection.
In other parts of the world the illegal trade in wildlife is
mainly concentrated in some large species such as African
elephant (for ivory) or Asian tiger (for skins and other
body parts). On the other hand, in Latin America, given the
peculiarities of its ecosystems, wildlife trafficking is spread
by a large number of species of birds, small mammals,
reptiles and amphibians.
For instance, in recent years over eleven thousand specimens
of Sicalis flaveola (Saffron Finch) smuggled from Peru,
Ecuador and Venezuela were seized by Brazilian law
enforcement agencies. For being bigger than the Brazilian
subspecies, such animals had been trafficked to Brazil
for illegal fighting competitions. The morphological
differentiation of subspecies, a technique developed in
academia, was adapted to be used as a forensic tool to attest
the foreign origin of the birds.
Additionally, Federal Police forensics participated in
investigations of trafficking of macaws, parrots and parakeets
chicks from various regions of the country and Latin
America. Young animals were sold to licensed breeders
and registered as being descendants of their herd’s pairs.
Genealogical DNA tests using specific markers was applied
in partnership with universities and IBAMA.
Wildlife smuggling also occurs in the form of animal parts.
Many pieces of Amazonian indigenous handicrafts destined
for illegal international trade were examined in order to
discover the animal species from which the feathers, hair,
teeth and skins were withdrawn.
Such advances have allowed the Brazilian Federal Police to
contribute to the protection of biodiversity of the Amazon
and other Latin American ecosystems, placing Brazil in the
way of the world’s most developed countries in the field of
environmental forensic science.
WFF2014
After NanoDrop® quantification, PCR amplifications were
performed using mini-M21 primers for the analysis of
mtDNA (HV2 fragment with 166bp).The exhumed femur
samples showed : 1) Preservation of bone matrix area and
presence of tunnels in a different degrees; 2) Picrosirius
red and silver reticulin staining have provided a consistent
coloring in exhumed bone fragments, probably due to the
degeneration that occurred during inhumation; 3) Silver
methenamine staining evidenced fungi within the Haversian
canals which may be an PCR inhibitor and 4) A significantly
smaller number of osteocytes nuclei within bone lacuna and
within bone area in exhumed group compared to control
group; 5) In teeth, was possible qualify the best samples by
periapical radiographies analysis and 6) The endodontic files
helped in pulp material extraction to perform PCR. These
data showed the process of cell death and contamination
by microorganisms in exhumed femur group, highlighting
the importance in qualifies these samples for further DNA
analysis. Besides, the application of endodontic methods can
assist in obtaining DNA from teeth. In this case, the reduction
in size of mini-M21 primers may show an alternative in
exhumed teeth, which is highly degraded. Financial Support
FAPESP : 2012/12344-3; 2012/24918-4; 2013/17901-0.
KEYWORDS F O R E N S I C D E N T I S T RY; F O R E N S I C
PATHOLOGY; FORENSIC GENETICS
P 06-4
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
STAINS OF SEMEN AND SEMINAL FLUID PRE AND
POSTVASECTOMY: PURITY AND SUFFICIENT
QUANTITY OF RECOVERED DNA AFTER 10 YEARS OF
STORAGE
Carolina Mautoni1, Rafael Dias Astolphi1, Rafael Barrios
Mello1, Jose Arnaldo Soares Vieira3 , Marcelo Souza Silva1,
Maria Luiza De Almeida Prado Oliveira Sousa2 , Eloisa Auler
Bittencourt1, Edna Sadayo Miazato Iwamura1
1
Department of Pathology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao
Paulo, Brazil; 2Center for Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of
Criminology of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; 3Department of
Legal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Rape is a heinous crime and its incidence has increased
significantly, especially in large urban centers, such as
Sao Paulo city. In most cases, it is committed by family
members and people close to the victim, which makes
it harder to be denounced as the aggressor. Recently in
Brazil, the Law No 12.654/2012 entered into force, which
provides the compulsory collection of genetic material from
492
individuals suspected of committing violent and heinous
crimes, followed by storage of their sample in a national
DNA profile database. In parallel, there are situations
where the only materials available for analysis are traces,
such as semen stains on the victim’s clothing. On the other
hand, vasectomy is a widely method of contraception used
in Brazil. The absence of spermatozoa in the ejaculate of
azoospermic individuals increases the difficulty of extracting
satisfactory amounts of DNA for analysis, especially if the
material is in the form of spots. Therefore, it was evaluated
the possibility of obtaining autosomal STR and Y-STR
profiles from stains containing the ejaculate of individuals
pre and postvasectomy, stored in cotton fabric for a period of
10 years. After informed consent, were analyzed 10 stains of
semen stains obtained from 30 µl of semen (prevasectomy)
and seminal fluid (postvasectomy), from five pre-listed
individuals, and these were stored in cotton fabrics, from
2004 to 2014 at room temperature. Then, three cutouts of 5
mm in diameter (punch) were taken from central region of
each spot with the aid of the instrument properly sterilized
punch and placed in 1.5 ml plastic microcentrifuge tubes
with 180 µl of extraction buffer plus 20 µl of Proteinase K,
keeping the whole punch under stirring for 12 hours at 56°C.
It was used the QIAamp DNA Mini kit (Qiagen) to extract
DNA with an adapted protocol followed by quantification
by Nanodrop equipment. Genetic profiles were obtained
using PowerPlexR Fusion System and Y23 - PowerPlexR
(Promega) for amplification of autosomal STR and Y - STR,
respectively. Capillary electrophoresis was performed on
the ABI PRISM 3500 DNA Analyzer. DNA extraction was
successful in all punch analyzed, and its concentration ranged
from 5.7 ng/uL to 45.6 ng/uL in the prevasectomy punch
and from 1.6 ng/uL to 3.7ng/uL in postvasectomy punch.
In addition, the samples had suitable purity, reflecting the
presence of few contaminants. We intend to analyze more
samples and in this way explain some variations which may
occur. Currently, the techniques of DNA amplification are
extremely sensitive and capable of assessing human DNA in
small quantities generating partial or full profiles, trespassing
situations such as long storage periods in cotton fabric. These
data can be used as a benchmark for forensic analysis in cases
of semen analysis.
AZOOSPERMIA; SEMEN ANALYSIS;
MICROSATELLITE REPEATS
KEYWORDS
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
P 06-5
P 06-6
FORENSIC BODY FLUID IDENTIFICATION
BY SIMULTANEOUS DETECTION OF DNA
METHYLATION CHANGES AND THE PRESENCE OF
BACTERIAL DNA
SEQUENCE DIVERSITY OF MITOCHONDRIAL DNA
CONTROL REGION IN KOREA POPULATION
Eun Young Lee, Ajin Choi, Kyoung-Jin Shin, Woo Ick Yang,
Hwan Young Lee
Department of Forensic Medicine, Yonsei University College of
Medicine, Seoul, Korea (South)
KEYWORDS BODY FLUID IDENTIFICATION; DNA
METHYLATION; BACTERIA
Human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis is a valuable
forensic tool, useful for human identification purposes.
We have analyzed variation of the mtDNA hypervariable
region I and II (HV-I and HV-II) in 230 unrelated Koreans.
Combined sequence comparison of HV-I and HV-II led to
the identification of 171 different haplotypes characterized
by 165 variable sites. Sequence variations are caused by
nucleotide substitutions, insertions or deletions. As compared
to insertions and deletions, nucleotide substitutions make
up the vast majority of the mutations (94%). We have
predominantly found transitions (82%) and a significantly
lower frequency of transversions (12%) whereas insertions
(2%) as well as deletions (4%) are rather rare. The most
prevalent substitution was C-T and 72% of DNA showed C-T
substitution at 16223 in HV-I. In HV-II, 98.7% and 97.8% of
DNA showed A-G substitution at 73 and at 263, respectively.
The most frequent haplotype was [16187T, 16223T,
16290T, 16319A, 73G, 235G 263G] representing 3.5%.
Approximately 22.8% of DNA showed the same haplotype
in at least two samples. Different mtDNA sequences were
designated into haplogroups using the mtDNA manager
software and the most common haplogroups were D4
(39.8%).
KEYWORDS M I T O C H O N D R I A L D N A ( M T D N A ) ;
HYPERVARIABLE REGION; KOREA POPULATION
P 06-7
DEVELOPMENT OF THE KPLEX-23 MULTIPLEX PCR
SYSTEM TO ANALYZE 23 FORENSIC MARKERS
Yu Na Oh1, Eun Young Lee1, Young Geun Yang2 , Jeong Eun
Sim3 , Su Jeong Park3 , Soong Deok Lee4 , Kyoung-Jin Shin1
1
Department of Forensic Medicine, Yonsei University College of
Medicine, Seoul, Korea (South); 2Bioquest, Inc., Seoul, Korea
(South); 3DNA Analysis Laboratory, DNA Forensic Division,
Supreme Prosecutors Office, Seoul, Korea (South); 4Department
of Forensic Medicine, Seoul National University College of
Medicine, Seoul, Korea (South)
493
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
The identification of body fluids found at crime scenes can
provide crucial investigative leads by giving information
that can link sample donors and actual criminal acts thereby
offering an insight for crime scene reconstruction. In the
present study, a multiplex methylation-sensitive restriction
enzyme-polymerase chain reaction (MSRE-PCR) was
developed for forensic body fluid identification using body
fluid-specific epigenetic markers, each of which is specific for
blood, saliva, semen and vaginal fluid, and amplicons for the
16S rRNA gene of saliva- and vaginal fluid-specific bacteria.
The developed multiplex system enabled more accurate
detection of body fluids than the previous multiplex MSREPCR by replacing four semen-specific epigenetic markers
with markers that had been identified from genome-wide
epigenetic analysis of various body fluids using the Illumina
Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip array. Blood can
be identified by methylation at a blood-specific epigenetic
marker, and semen can be identified by methylation or
unmethylation at two semen-specific epigenetic markers.
Saliva and vaginal fluid can be identified by methylation at
the saliva and vaginal fluid-specific epigenetic markers and
by the presence of saliva- and vaginal fluid-specific bacteria.
The multiplex MSRE-PCR produced successful results with
1 ng of DNA extracted from body fluids of 34 males and 16
females. The efficacy of the multiplex MSRE-PCR was also
tested with aged and mixed samples. Because the multiplex
MSRE-PCR can detect body fluid-specific DNA methylation
changes and the presence of bacterial DNA simultaneously
using the same source of DNA for personal identification, this
method will ensure high specificity and reliability as well as
forensic applicability, thereby facilitating more efficient body
fluid identification in forensic casework.
Sang-Ok Moon, Myung Jin Park, Jihye Park, Hyunchul
Park, Si-Keun Lim
Forensic DNA Analysis Division, National Forensic Service,
Wonju, Korea (South)
WFF2014
In this era of globalization, the exchange of forensic data is
vital to international investigations, and the use of forensic
DNA typing kits that are compatible with the global DNA
databases (e.g. databases produced by EU Prüm DNA
Data Exchange Network and databases using the CODIS)
is important to enhance the opportunity for successful
international cross-border DNA comparisons. Therefore,
we developed a new multiplex PCR system, the Kplex-23
HID kit, which amplifies a total of 23 forensic markers in a
single reaction. The Kplex-23 HID kit contains Amelogenin,
D1S1656, D2S441, D2S1338, D3S1358, D5S818, D7S820,
D8S1179, D10S1248, D12S391, D13S317, D16S539,
D18S51, D19S433, D21S11, D22S1045, CSF1PO, FGA,
TH01, TPOX, vWA, DYS391 and Y-M175. These markers
include STRs in the CODIS and the Extended European
Standard Set as well as 2 commonly used STRs (D2S1338
and D19S433) in addition to a sex-typing marker and 2 Y
chromosomal markers. Primers were designed to produce
amplicons with a size range of 70 bp to 420 bp detected
by four fluorescent dyes. The Kplex-23 HID kit has high
sensitivity to provide successful genotyping results at all loci
using 100 pg of genomic DNA without any allele drop-in
or drop-out. In addition, concordance study in 100 Korean
samples showed consistent results between the Kplex-23 HID
kit and the PowerPlex® Fusion kit. Multicenter validation
study and development of direct amplification system for
blood spots or buccal swab samples are also planned. In
the future, the Kplex-23 HID kit could be a useful tool for
forensic casework and DNA database construction and it will
enable fruitful international collaboration of criminal DNA
information.
KEYWORDS
KPLEX-23; CODIS LOCI; EXTENDED ESS
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
LOCI
P 06-8
IDENTIFICATION OF SEQUENCE VARIATIONS IN THE
D21S11 LOCUS WITH FORENSIC DNA SAMPLES BY
NEXT GENERATION SEQUENCING
Won-Hae Lee, Joo-Young Kim, Kyung-Sook Kim, Jin
Myung Lee, Saimi Jung, Myung Jin Park, Na Yeon Kim,
Nam-Soo Cho, Jong-Jin Kim
Forensic DNA Analysis Division, National Forensic Service,
Wonju 220-170, Korea (South)
Next generation sequencing (NGS) also called massive
parallel sequencing, is carried out for a number of purposes
in medical, anthropological, population and forensic genetics.
494
In forensics, fragment analysis of STR loci is most commonly
employed when DNA in an evidentiary sample is sufficient to
obtain STR data for forensic comparisons.
In order to know whether NGS can compensate capillary
electrophoresis (CE)-based STR typing, we compared STR
types with NGS pyrosequencing data using mixed DNA
and Low Copy Number DNA samples which is not easy to
analyze STR typing data in the in the vWA, FGA and D21S11
locus.
As a result, STR types are not easy to distinguish major and
minor contributor in mixed DNA samples. In contrast, NGS
sequencing was able to differentiate among them by DNA
sequence difference.
This results suggest that NGS is a good method to indicate
who is the contributors in the casework samples.
In addition, we examined DNA sequence of 6 microvariants
in D21S11 locus using NGS to find out particular character
of D21S21 6 microvariants. They showed mutations and
sequence variations in and around the repeat region of
D21S11 short tandem repeat (STR) loci.
KEYWORDS N E X T G E N E R AT I O N S E Q U E N C I N G ;
D21S11; SEQUENCING VARIATION
P 06-9
FORENSIC EXAMINATIONS TO DETECT FRAUDS IN
THE BRAZILIAN OFFICIAL PASSERINES BANDING
SCHEME: A TOOL IN THE INVESTIGATION OF
WILDLIFE TRAFFICKING
Rodrigo Mayrink1, Daniel Vilela2 , Antonio Mauricio Santos
Filho1, Barbara Trindade3
1
Forensic Sector, Federal Police of Brazil, Belo Horizonte,
Brazil; 2Sector of Reception and Care of Wild Animals,
Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewal Resources, Belo
Horizonte, Brazil; 3Environmental Engineering Course, Una
University Center, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
Wildlife trafficking has historical and cultural roots in Brazil,
representing a major threat to national biodiversity. Among
the most trafficked animals are several species of birds,
notably passerines. A passerine, also known as perching bird
or songbird, is any bird of the order Passeriformes, which
includes more than half of all bird species.
Brazilian law permits the captive breeding of some species
of passerines, which is controlled by a national system of
banding. Bands (small metal rings of cylindrical shape) are
used to identify and control the breeding of birds in captivity
and should be placed at the feet of the chicks until the fifth or
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
sixth day of life.
Breeding birds for singing competition is a significant hobby
in Brazil. It is estimated that there are approximately three
hundred thousand amateurish breeders registered at IBAMA,
the Brazilian environmental agency. Minas Gerais state,
in the southeast region of the country, ranks as one of the
leading centers of the activity, with approximately seventy
thousand breeders.
Frauds in the Brazilian official passerines banding scheme
are common, allowing irregular banding of trafficked birds.
Smugglers counterfeit or deform official bands in order to
register young or adult birds caught illegally in the wild.
To detect official metallic bands forgery, specific forensic
protocols were created by integrating techniques of forensic
veterinary medicine, forensic biology, ballistics and
questioned document examination. Hundreds of fake bands
were examined by the Federal Police´s forensic sector in
Minas Gerais State and 64% of the total were tampered
with. The methodology allowed the differentiation of types
of forgery, providing important information for tracking
smugglers gangs.
KEYWORDS
WILDLIFE TRAFFIC; BAND; PASSERINES
P 06-10
INTERNAL VALIDATION AND CONCORDANCE
STUDY FOR NEXT-GENERATION STR KITS.
Jung-Hyun Park, Seung-Bum Hong, Si-Nae Han
Division of DNA Analysis, Scientific Investigation Laboratory,
Criminal Investigation Command, Ministry of National Defense,
Seoul, Korea (South)
KEYWORDS INTERNAL VALIDATION; CONCORDANCE
STUDY; SHORT TANDEM REPEATS
P 06-11
DETERMINATION OF Y-STR MUTATIONS RATES IN
FATHER-SON DUOS
Gonul Filoglu, Elif Mertoglu, Ozlem Bulbul, Gulten
Rayimoglu, Havva Altuncul
Forensic Genetics, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Istanbul
University, Istanbul, Turkey
Short-tandem repeats on the Y chromosome (Y-STR) have
used for forensic science, population genetics, studies of
human migration and evolution. The differences of Y-STR
from other loci are NRY region of Y chromosome which does
not recombine in meiosis and it is transferred without any
changing from father to son. For these reasons, haplotypes of
all males who are paternal relatives overlap each other except
mutation events.. In case of any incompatibility between
the haplotypes, mutation rates must be known to determine
that this incompatibility are occured by a mutation or a
true exclusion. Y-STR mutation rates vary from population
to population. These rates must be determined in each
population. For this purpose, Y-STR profiles of father-son
duos in Turkey have been identified to detect incompatibility
or not, moreover mutation rates of these loci have been
determined.
In this work, 17 Y-STR loci (DYS456, DYS389 I, DYS390,
DYS389 II, DYS458, DYS19, DYS385 a/b, DYS393,
DYS391, DYS439, DYS635, DYS392, Y GATA H4,
DYS437, DYS438, DYS448) from 90 father-son duos in
Turkey were used in order to estimate mutational rates.
495
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
In case of familial searching with large database, common
STRs cannot provide sufficient kinship index. Thus, nextgeneration STR kits with additional STR loci are necessary
in order to complement conventional analysis for more
reliable forensic information. The PowerPlex Fusion
System is STR multiplex that allows co-amplification of
22 autosomal STRs, including the CODIS core and the
European Standard Set loci, plus amelogenin for gender
determination and DYS391 male specific marker included in
order to avoid errors in gender assignment when null Y-alleles
or deletions of the Y-chromosome short arm involve the
amelogenin locus. The PowerPlex Y23 System combines the
17 Y-STR loci in current commercially available Y-STR kits
with six new highly discriminating Y-STR loci (DYS481,
DYS533, DYS549, DYS570, DYS576, and DYS643).
Validations of these next-generation STR kits include all
of the studies required by SWGDAM and compared with
three conventional kits of Identifiler Plus, NGMSelect
and Yfiler. Studies included reproducibility, precision,
sensitivity of detection, minimum detection threshold,
system contamination, stochastic effect and concordance.
These forensic parameters were used to assess suitability
of the new kits for forensic genetic analysis. Validation
studies demonstrate that next-generation STR kits are
robust, reliable, and sensitive methods for STR testing.
Furthermore, concordance studies showed consistent results
when comparing PowerPlex Fusion and Y23 System with
other commercially available STR-genotyping systems.
These results indicated that next-generation STR systems are
potentially informative and may prove useful in identification
of missing casualties from the Korean War.
WFF2014
These loci were amplified according to the procedure of
AmpFlSTR® Yfiler™ kit (Applied Biosystems, Foster City,
CA). Mutation rates and confidence intervals (CI) were
determined by exact binomial probability distribution (http :
//statpages.org/confint.html).
Mutations at DYS439 and DYS458 loci were detected
between three father-son duos. Two loss mutations and one
gain mutation were found, and all mutations were singlestep mutations. 1.96x10-3 was determined as the average
mutation rate in the total population (95% CI 0.4x103 – 5.7x10-3). In addition, a duplication was observed at
DYS389 II locus in both the father and son (30, 31). Beside
this, two different intermediate alleles in DYS458 locus
(19.2, 20.2) were observed.
In this study, by analyzing 17 Y-STR loci routinely used in
forensic science laboratory in father-son duos representing
general Turkish population, population-specific mutation
rate has been determined. Furthermore, duplication and
intermediate alleles have been found. They are important to
interpretation of Y chromosome.
KEYWORDS
Y-STR; MUTATION RATES; FATHER-SON
DUOS
P 06-12
SEQUENCING ANALYSIS OF MITOCHONDRIAL DNA
CODING REGION (8389 TO 8865)
and advanced method in forensic cases. In this study, our
purpose was to analyze mtDNA polymorphisms in the
coding region. We studied nucleotide of 8389-8865 on
coding region in 150 unrelated individuals from Turkish
population. DNA was isolated from blood samples by using
a silica based İnvitrogen Purelink Genomic DNA Mini Kit®.
Amplification of the coding region encompassing position
8389 to 8865 PCR performed according to Tzen at al.
The PCR products were sequenced using the ABI PRISM
BigDye Terminator v3.1 Cycle sequencing kit (Applied
Biosystems). Sequences were aligned and compared to
the revised Cambridge Reference Sequence (rCRS) using
SeqScape1 Version 2.7 (Applied Biosystems). The sequence
polymorphisms have been found the most common 8860G
and the others mutations are 8697A, 8485A, 8388 delT,
8847 delC, 8691delA. 169 transitions, 57 transversions, 38
insertions and 95 deletions were found in our study. The most
frequent haplotype (8860a>G)was found in 36 individuals
in Turkish population. Random match probability was
calculated 0.076359. The genetic diversity is 0.9303827 and
the power of discrimination is 0.923641. The probabiltiy of
two randomly selected individual having identical type is
7.6%. The polymorphic sites within coding region can be
useful in combination with control region in order to increase
discrimination power for forensic application. The results
were compared with the similar results which were studied in
other countries.
KEYWORDS
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
Havva Altuncul, Omer Karatas, Arzu Duvenci, Akın
Katoglu, Ozlem Bulbul, Gonul Filoglu
Forensic Genetics, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Istanbul
University, Istanbul, Turkey
Mitochondrial DNA polymorphic sequences analysis
has been widely applied to forensic tests. However these
sequences have thus far been derived from the displacementloop and intergenic regions only. İdentification and paternity
testing are important issues in forensic genetics. Generally,
nuclear DNA and mitochondrial DNA are used for both
tests. As known mtDNA has a much higher copy number
per cell than nuclear DNA and mtDNA’s aren’t associated
with histones are exposed to qxygen free radicals, and lack
effective repair systems. Because of this numerous nucleotide
variations can be quickly accumulated in mtDNA. Also
it allows easier recovery of hair shafts contain multiple
copies of mtDNA. And because of mitochondiral genome
is inherited through mother it can be used for identification
of skeletal remains if mtDNA of the same maternal lineage
can be obtained. Therefore, mtDNA analysis is more useful
496
MTDNA; CODING REGION; TURKEY
P 06-13
THE GENETIC DIVERSITY OF MITOCHONDRIAL DNA
(D-LOOP REGION) IN TURKISH POPULATION
Havva Altuncul, Akin Katoglu, Omer Karatas, Yasemin
Demirbas, Ozlem Bulbul, Gonul Filoglu
Forensic Genetics, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Istanbul
University, Istanbul, Turkey
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) can be used when DNA
samples are severely degraded and analysis by short tandem
repeat analysis may not be successful in forensic casework.
Mitochondrial DNA has two main regions which are named
coding and non-coding region. The non-coding region is
called the control region which contains hypervariable
regions I (HV1) and hypervariable regions II (HV2). In the
presented study was to determine the discirimination power
and genetic diversity of D-Loop region of mitochondrial
DNA in Turkish population.
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
KEYWORDS
MTDNA; D-LOOP; TURKEY
P 06-14
NGS-BASED DETECTION OF DIVERSE AQUATIC
ORGANISMS FOR DIAGNOSTIC OF DROWNING
DEATH
Sungmin Kim1, Hye Hyun Oh2 , Seung Hwan Lee2 , Won Kim1
1
School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul,
Korea (South); 2DNA Forensic Division, Supreme Prosecutors
Office, Seoul, Korea (South)
Diatoms exhibiting in almost every aquatic environment
were considered as good particles to discriminate between
drowning and none drowning cases. However, the use of
morphological diatom test is very controversial in diagnosis
of drowning death. We performed a meta-genetic analysis
of the 18S nuclear small subunit ribosomal RNA gene
using next-generation sequencing (NGS) on the basis of the
blood samples collected from drowned rat heart. Eukaryotic
communities from the community-by-OTU (95% sequence
similarity) were analysed to identify significant biological
patterns. From the closed blood, many different types of
biological evidence discovered in the external environment
were detected, such as Alveolata, Fungi, Metazoa, Rhizaria,
Stramenopiles, and Viridiplantae. Forensic identification
using NGS-based detection method improves diagnostic of
drowning death.
KEYWORDS N E X T- G E N E R AT I O N S E Q U E N C I N G ;
DROWNING DEATH; META-GENETIC ANALYSIS
P 06-15
DNA BARCODES REVEAL FISH FOOD FRAUD
Hee-Soo Kim1, Sungmin Kim1, Narae Kim2 , Youngwook
Nam2 , Hyeyoung Koo2 , Ukhee Chung3 , Hye Hyun Oh3 , Won
Kim1
1
School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University,
Seoul, Korea (South); 2Department of Biological Science, Sangji
University, Wonju, Korea (South); 3DNA Forensic Division,
Supreme Prosecutors Office, Seoul, Korea (South)
The discrimination of fish species used for seafood is growing
issue because manipulated or mislabeled species of fish
often occur in grocery stores and restaurants. Traditional
morphological identification has limitations for identifying
fish species in a variety of food type. For that reason, DNA497
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
Mitochondrial DNA sequences of the hypervariable regions
I (HV1) was determined for 102 and hypervariable region II
(HV2) was determined for 107 unrelated Turkish individuals.
DNA was extracted from blood samples using QIAamp
DNA Mini Kit (Qiagen) according to the manifacturer’s
protocol. The amount of DNA was determined by Qubit
fluorometer (İnvitrogen). The two regions were amplified
with a total volume 25 µl of PCR reactions, consisting of
0.25-1 ng template DNA, 3.75U of Tag DNA polymerase,
1.5 mM MgCl2, 2.5 ml 10 X PCR buffer, 0.2 mM ddNTP
and 10pmol of each primer. Amplification was carried out
in a 9700 GeneAmp thermal cycler (Applied Biosiystems).
The samples were sequenced using the ABI PRISM Bigdye
Terminator v3.1 Cycle Sequencing Kit. HVI and HV2
regions were aligned from 16024 to 16422 and from 73 to
379 respectively. Sequences were compared with the revised
Cambridge Reference Sequence (rCRS) using SeqScape
Version 2.7.
The most frequent mitochondrial DNA haplotype on
hypervariable region I (16183a>C 16189t>C) was shared
by 5 individuals. The hypervariable region I profile most
common polymorphic position were 16126t>C, 16183a>C,
16189t>C, 16223c>T and 16294c>T. 317 mutations were
found in hypervariable region I. The discrimination power,
genetic diversity of hypervariable region I were calculated
0, 982891, 0, 992623 respectively. The probability of two
randomly selected individual having identical hypervariable
region I type is 1.7%. The most frequent haplotype on
hypervariable region II (263a>G 310t>C 310-311insTC) was
found in 7 individuals. In this examined Turkish population,
on HV2 profile most common polymorphic position were
152t>C, 263a>G, 310t>C, 310-311insC, 310-311insTC
and 315insC. On the other hand discrimination power,
genetic diversity of hypervariable region II were calculated
0, 980404, 0, 989653 respectively. The probabiltiy of two
randomly selected individual having identical hypervariable
region II type is 1.9%. Finally, the genetic diversity of
hypervariable region I is same as hypervariable region II in
Turkish population. Number of mutation in hypervariable
region I are more than in hypvariable region II. When we
compare with the other population studies, it was seemed that
they have all the same discrimination power. Our study shows
that, our transition rate is lower than the other populations
but in the other hand transversion rate is higher than the other
populations. To increase the discrimination power in addition
to HV1 and HV2 polymorphic regions needs to determinate
polymorphic SNP points. In this pilot study we present
only results of 102 for HV1 and 107 for HV2 individuals in
Turkish population but for reliable results we will increase the
number of individuals up to 200.
WFF2014
based methods are frequently employed in food safety
and food authentication. In the present study, we collected
62 fish samples in marketplaces of Seoul and Wonju. To
detect potential fish fraud we tested the effectiveness of
DNA barcodes based on cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) and
analysed the sequences from fish food samples such as sushi,
fish powder, and dried fish. As a result, some potentially
mislabeled fish foods were detected. We conclude that DNA
barcoding is applicable and authentic testing for identification
of fish species used for seafood.
KEYWORDS
DNA BARCODE; FISH; FOOD FRAUD
P 06-16
APPLICATIONS OF DNA BARCODING TO WILDLIFE
ROAD-KILL
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
Sungmin Kim1, Hyewon Kim1, Hye Hyun Oh2 , Seung Hwan
Lee2 , Hang Lee3 , Won Kim1
1
School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul,
Korea (South); 2DNA Forensic Division, Supreme Prosecutors
Office, Seoul, Korea (South); 3College of Veterinary Medicine,
Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea (South)
Animals that have been killed or struck by vehicles can
often cause human casualties as well as destruction of
cars. Identification of the road-killed animals is important
to determine the cause of accidents. But, the use of only
morphological characters of wildlife animals is often
not sufficient for the identification. We tried a molecular
identification of wildlife animal species using DNA
barcoding on the basis of badly damaged road-killed animal
samples that have been reported to Conservation Genome
Resource Bank for Korean Wildlife (CGRB) between 2004
and 2010. We tested the utility of DNA barcode sequence
using taxonomically verified animal sequences obtained from
Korea Barcode of Life (KBOL) which is a specific barcode
database for Korean animals. Then we successfully identified
64 road-killed animals such as 25 birds, 12 reptiles, and 27
mammals. Our study present that the use of DNA barcoding
can increase more accurate identification of wildlife animals
and be used for preventing animal-vehicle collisions from
road sites where road-kill is expected.
KEYWORDS
498
DNA BARCODING; WILDLIFE; ROAD-KILL
P 06-17
A FORENSIC CASE STUDY: ESTIMATING A
DROWNING SITE FROM THE DROWNING VICTIM
Sungmin Kim, Won Kim
School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul,
Korea (South)
Drowning victims has various types of traces of a drowning
site. Finding microscopic biological traces of forensic
evidence in drowning case is more confirmatory and worthy.
It is required to collect various tissue samples (lungs, liver,
heart, spleen, blood, and bone marrow) from drowned
bodies. However, the use of these samples is extremely
limited in legal research work of Korea and thereby is no
study in drowning case. As a case study, we legally collected
the stomach contents of the drowned body and detected
diverse biological DNA traces using 454-pyrosequencing
and bioinformatics tools. We also estimated a drowning site
with meta-genetic sequences from sea benthos samples. We
note that stomach contents of drowned body, even if stomach
is exposed to the outer environment, can provide possibly
important biological information and sequence-based
evidence can be useful to calculate a drowning site.
KEYWORDS DROWNING; 454-PYROSEQUENCING;
DROWNING SITE
P 06-18
MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF CHARRED
VICTIM BY ANALYSIS OF AUTOSOMAL
CHROMOSOMES
Maria Chimpolo, Nasser Calumbuana, Valdemar Mateus
Morfology, Medical School-Agostinho Neto University, Luanda,
Angola
Human Identification is the process by which it determines
the identity of a person, through the establishment of a set
of characters that individualizes by making it equal only to
itself. This identity must be recognized even in his death,
according to Sweet (2001).
Thanks to advances in the area of research became possible
to analyze the remains, even those who are in full state of
disrepair or in minute quantities (Mullis, 1986;. Morales et al,
2004), the technique of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).
In May this year, a completely charred body, possibly
belonging to a young male, was found inside a vehicle.
Traditional expert examinations did not allow the
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
identification of individuals due to the high state of tissue
degradation (remains). At the request of his family alleged,
the samples were sent to the Laboratory of Molecular
Biology of Genetics area of the FMUAN hoping that through
molecular methods were possible to determine the identity of
the victim.
Thus, the study main objective confirm via Polymerase
Chain Reaction (PCR), the genetic identity of the victim
unrecognizable, analyzing autosomal microsatellite and
testing the hypothesis that the victim was actually biological
relatives of individuals consulted. Specific objectives
included the analysis of the proportion of different alleles
of the victim and his supposed relatives, the analysis of
Mendelian principles in the composition of individuals in the
study and validation of the results by obtaining the Paternity
Index.
The methodology used for this study was based on the
PCR technique for the analysis of genetic profiles and
determination of kinship between the alleged victim and his
family.
The results showed that the paternity index found with the
reconstituted family was 99.2%, while the maternity was
99.9%, confirming the biological relationship between the
victim and their families.
This study allowed definitive identification of the remains of
a charred individual, becoming thus the first study in the area
of human identification, at country level, using a molecular
approach, involving autosomal microsatellite, to aid in the
CSI case that otherwise might never have an end.
KEYWORDS STRS, DNA, GENOTYPING; ALLELE
FREQUENCIES, CHARRED VICTIM; PATERNITY,
MATERNITY
P 06-19
Lay Hong Seah
Head of DNA Serious Crime Unit, Forensic Division,
Department of Chemistry Malaysia, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
The primary challenge in the DNA analysis of evidentiary
seminal stains for gang-rape cases lies in the elucidation
of the contributors from a splatter of seminal stains which
are expected to be of multiple sources. The high cost of
genotyping, the constraints on time and resources and the
wisdom to avoid mixtures warrants the use of a calculated
KEYWORDS SEMINAL STAIN; GANG-RAPE; DNA
MIXTURES
P 06-20
EVALUATION OF Y-STR DNA RESULTS OF KINSHIP
CASES USING THE PHILIPPINE ONLINE Y-STR
HAPLOTYPE REFERENCE DATABASE (YHRD)
Jazelyn Salvador1,2 , Maria Lourdes Honrado1, Lindsay Clare
Carandang2 , Altair Agmata2 , Angelica Rose Sagum1, Maria
Corazon De Ungria1,2
1
DNA Analysis Laboratory, Natural Sciences Research Institute,
University of The Philippines, Quezon City, Philippines;
2
Program on Forensics and Ethnicity, Philippine Genome
Center, Quezon City, Philippines
Y chromosomal STR (Y-STR) analysis has become an
important tool for kinship testing. In the Philippines, Y-STR
DNA typing is used in deficient paternity testing cases, and in
the identification of disaster victims and missing persons by
direct comparison with the Y-STR DNA haplotype of paternal
male relatives. The Paternity Testing Commission (PTC)
of the International Society of Forensic Genetics (ISFG)
recommends that biostatistical evaluations of kinship testing
such as father and son, paternal uncle and child, person and
paternal brother, person and paternal grandfather and others,
are based on a Likelihood Ratio (LR) principle. When using
Y-STR analysis for determining paternal relationships, results
are handled as haplotypes, and LRs are based on haplotype
frequencies of the relevant population. A number of strategies
have been proposed to estimate the frequency of Y-STR
haplotype in a population. This paper compares the calculated
LR for paternally related individuals when haplotype
499
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
ANALYSIS OF MULTIPLE-SOURCE SEMINAL
STAIN PATTERN: A CALCULATED APPROACH TO
ELUCIDATION OF THE CONTRIBUTORS
approach. In this study, an approach was tested which
hypothesized that for a multiple-source splatter of seminal
stains, small isolated spots (less than 1 cm diameter) were
likely to be single-source and larger irregular spots were more
likely to be multiple-source. It was further hypothesized that
for the larger irregular spots, there were overlapping of the
stains from different sources and the central regions were
very likely to be the overlap areas. Overlapping was least
likely to occur in aeas at the periphery of these large irregular
spots. This calculated approach was utilized in actual cases of
gang-rape analyzed in the DNA laboratory in Malaysia. This
paper demonstrated two real casework seminal stains splatter
where this approach was effectively utilized. An attempt was
also made to evaluate the seminal stains splatter from an
understanding of the medium of semen.
WFF2014
frequency is estimated using six different approaches, and
the Philippine population database available in the YHRD.
The six approaches in estimating haplotype frequency
estimates are : 1) counting method; 2) augmented counting
method; 3) counting method with Holland/Parsons upper
bound confidence interval; 4) counting method with ClopperPearson upper bound confidence interval; 5) haplotype
surveying approach; and, 6) Brenner’s model for rare
haplotypes. Blood samples on FTATM cards from 303 fatherson, 137 brother and 13 grandfather-grandson pairs were
amplified with PowerPlex® Y23 System and analyzed using
the AB 3500 Genetic Analyzer following manufacturer’s
recommendations.
KEYWORDS
Y-STR; LIKELIHOOD RATIO; KINSHIP
TESTING
P 06-21
USE OF NGS FOR WHOLE MITOCHONDRIAL DNA
SEQUENCING FOR KOREAN
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
Sohee Cho1, Hye Yeon Kim2 , Su Jeong Park2 , Soong Deok
Lee1
1
Department of Forensic Medicine, Seoul National University
College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (South); 2DNA Forensic
Division, Supreme Prosecutors’ Office, Seoul, Korea (South)
Next Generation Sequencing, so called NGS has become
so popular recently, and now thus become Now Generation
Sequencing. In forensic field, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)
is a promising target for NGS. For practical reason mtDNA
work has been mainly focused on control region, and it is
not an easy work to sequence out of control region using
conventional sequencing method. With NGS this restriction
could be overcome easily. Through sequencing the whole
mtDNA, more information about mtDNA could be obtained
and the discrimination power of mtDNA would be expanded
for maternal lineage works. Here we present our experiences
on NGS for mtDNA together with some genetic information
on Korean mtDNA.
KEYWORDS N E X T G E N E R AT I O N S E Q U E N C I N G ;
MITOCHONDRIAL DNA; KOREAN
Husniye Canan, Ayse Serin, Behnan Alper, Mete Korkut
Gulmen
Forensic Medicine Department, Cukurova University Faculty of
Medicine, Adana, Turkey
The cytochrome P450 2C (CYP2C) subfamily of enzymes
metabolizes approximately 20% of drugs commonly used in
clinical practice. Differences in metabolism of drugs can lead
to severe toxicity or therapeutic failure by altering the relation
between dose and blood concentration of pharmacologically
active drug or metabolite. Knowledge of individual’s
CYP2C19 status may be clinically and economically
important and could provide the basis for a rational
approach to drug prescription. Knowledge of individual’s
CYP2C19 status may also be important to evaluation of drug
intoxications for forensic examination. Thus, we examined
the selected CYP2C19 variants in a 100 Turkish population.
Genomic DNA was isolated from blood samples for analysis
of most common variants of CYP2C19..or metabolizers.
frequencies of CYP2C19*2, The prevalence of most
common mutations [CYP2C19*2 (681 G>A), CYP2C19*3
(636 G>A), CYP2C19*4 (1 A > G), CYP2C19*5 (1297
C>T), CYP2C19*6 (395 G>A), CYP2C19*8 (358T>C) and
CYP2C19*9 (431 G>A)] of CYP2C19 gene were determined
with use of TaqMan drug metabolism genotyping assay kit
by real time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) in a Turkish
population.
For 100 subjects genotyped for CYP2C19 locus, the allele
frequencies of CYP2C19*1, CYP2C19*2, CYP2C19*3
and CYP2C19*8 were 0.875, 0.105 0.015, and 0.005,
respectively. Among them, 3% of subjects were predicted
to be poor metabolizers. In this study with 100 subjects,
CYP2C19*4, CYP2C19*5, CYP2C19*6 and CYP2C19*9
mutated alleles were not detected.
Our results show that the frequencies of the common
defective allelic variants of CYP2C19 in Turkish populations
are similar to those reported for several other Turkish
populations living in different geographic regions and some
European Caucasian populations.
In conclusion, this study results is important to provide
guidance on the importance of conducting postmortem
forensic examinations to elucidate the role of genetic
variation in drug intoxicants.
KEYWORDS CYP2C19; REAL TIME PCR; GENETIC
POLYMORPHISM
P 06-22
THE FREQUENCIES OF DEFECTIVE ALLELES OF
CYP2C19 GENE IN A TURKISH POPULATION
500
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
P 06-23
IDENTIFICATION AND KINSHIP CASES
OFCUKUROVA UNIVERSITY MEDICAL FACULTY
DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE BETWEEN
2006-2013
Husniye Canan, Ayse Serin, Behnan Alper, Mete Korkut
Gulmen
Forensic Medicine Department, Cukurova University Faculty of
Medicine, Adana, Turkey
Cukurova University Medical Faculty, Department of
Forensic Medicine is a center that accepts both the official
and private identification and kinship cases.
Between 2006-2013, a total of 551 identification and kinship
(paternity- maternity, sibship, uncle-aunt or grandparents
determination) cases were performed in our department. 551
cases were performed typing 1543 people.
DNA was isolated from blood or buccal swabs by Chelex 100
or silica based DNA extraction kits. The PCR amplification
was performed using identifiler kit 16 STR loci, according
to manufacturer’s instructions. The amplified products were
separated and detected using an ABI 3130 Genetic Analyzer.
Applications were reviewed according to the status of
application (private or court-ordered), identification or
kinship cases, cities where the cases applied and the results of
tests.
Within the 551 cases, private applications were 125 (22.7%),
official applications were 426 (77.3%). All applications were
made from 17 different cities to our center. The number of
applications for identification 42 (7.6%), for kinship cases
509 (92.4%).
KEYWORDS PAT E R N I T Y; K I N S H I P A N A LY S I S ;
IDENTIFICATION
SEARCH FOR MARKERS OF HUMAN AGE WITH
NEXT GENERATION SEQUENCING (NGS)
Joanna Kosinska1, Piotr Gasperowicz1, Renata ZbiecPiekarska2 , Magdalena Spolnicka2 , Zanetta Makowska2 ,
Piotr Stawinski1, Agnieszka Prochenka1, Agnieszka ParysProszek3 , Tomasz Kupiec3 , Rafał Płoski1
1
Department of Medical Genetics, Warsaw Medical University,
Warsaw, Poland; 2Department of Biology, Central Forensic
Laboratory of The Police, Warsaw, Poland; 3Section of Forensic
Genetics, Institute of Forensic Research, Krakow, Poland
KEYWORDS AGE PREDICTION MARKERS; NEXT
GENERATION SEQUENCING; DNA METHYLATION
P 06-25
REPLICATION OF HEIGHT GWAS IN KOREAN
POPULATION AND EVALUATION OF HEIGHT
PREDICTION MODEL IMPLEMENTED WITH THE
GENETIC MARKERS
Ji Eun Lim, Bermseok Oh
Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine,
Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea (South)
Height is one of the classic complex traits and has been
studied in various ways to explain the genetic architecture
with common variants. Nineteen height genome-wide
association studies (GWASs) have been carried out from
European, African and Asian population. In this study,
we examined previously reported height-related SNPs in
unrelated male Koreans (n=2, 841). The association of
height was analysed by linear regression adjusted for age
and recruitment area using PLINK. Twenty-four of the 99
501
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
P 06-24
Recent publications indicate that in humans a correlation
exists between age and methylation level of certain genomic
loci. Although the majority of data come from microarray
studies allowing analysis of only a limited fraction of the
genome, the published correlations appear strong enough for
potential forensic use. Our aim was to search at the genomewide level for novel loci whose methylation correlates with
age. We used Reduced Representation Bisulphite Sequencing
(RRBS) together with NGS on an Illumina HiSeq 1500
platform. We analyzed 187 male individuals classified as
young (<30 years) or elderly (>50 years). On average, for
each sample, 20 mln reads of 100 bp were generated. 0.4% of
cytosines (Cs) were filtered out due to the presence of SNPs
influencing the methylation site. For each C covered in a
given sample, the frequency of reads indicating methylation
vs. all reads was generated. Using a criterion that a given C
should be covered by min. 5 reads in min. 5 samples from
each group in the final data set we had > 4.5 mln Cs in CpG,
8.6 mln Cs in CpHpG and 20.4 mln Cs in CpHpH (where
H denotes a different base than C). So far we have focused
analysis on CpG methylation. Using a Bonferroni correction,
4210 sites were significantly associated with age at P<0.05.
An alternative approach based on FDR (false discovery rate)
of 0.05 revealed 111 790 age related Cs. The presented data
are the largest data set available for searching for age-related
DNA methylation differences.
WFF2014
height SNPs were replicated in Korean (P < 0.05). We also
analysed the genomic prediction of human height in training
(n=2, 741) and validation (n=100) sample. The height GWAS
was carried out in training set to identify more SNP markers
for improving prediction accuracy. Among 24 SNPs which
replicated in Korean and 428 GWAS significant SNPs (P
< 1*10-3), 244 SNPs were selected for prediction model.
These SNPs explained 55% of the height variation in training
samples and 56 individuals of 100 validation samples were
predicted within errors ranged ± 4cm. In this study suggests
that many more height SNP markers need to be identified to
explain large amount of missing heritability and to implement
height prediction model to use practically in forensic science
area.
KEYWORDS
HEIGHT; GWAS; PREDICTION
P 06-26
FORENSİC MICROBIOLOGICAL RESEARCH ON SOIL
SAMPLES IN ISTANBUL
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
Huseyin Cakan, Filiz Ekim Cevik, Ayse Kaya
Institute of Forensic Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul,
Turkey
The crime scene investigation and the evidence obtained
as a result of this investigation are of great importance for
clarifying criminal cases. Hence, the importance of physical
evidence for the solution of the events increases. One of the
physical evidences is soil. Soil is a substance with a complex
structure. Due to the complex structure of the soil, different
analysis techniques and many devices can be used. Soil
forming factors : climate (humidity, temperature), bedrock,
topography, living organisms and time. These five factors
affecting soil formation usually create different effects in
different places, therefore the soil gains great diversity.
Since the microbial distribution of soil is highly variable,
we can benefit from microorganisms in identification of soil.
Bacterial species in the soil can be used to determine their
metabolic activities and to differentiate soil samples. Three
microbiological groups of soil microorganisms make possible
to determine the identity of soil and the similarities and
differences between different soil samples. The comparison
of fungi, bacteria, morphologies of actinomycetes colonies
ensures the identification of the soil samples. Our study is a
preliminary study regarding the resolution of criminal cases
and it is planned to show the availability of microbiological
evidences of soil for clarifying some events occurred in
Istanbul and to ensure the modeling of the data obtained
502
from Istanbul and to assess the importance of identification
of microorganisms in soil in terms of forensic science. For
this purpose, the microbiological evaluations of soil samples
taken from various districts in both continents of Istanbul
have been performed. As a result of our study, the soil
microorganisms obtained will be used in terms of forensic
science is demonstrated.
KEYWORDS
FORENSİC; SOIL; MICROBIOLOGICAL
P 06-28
USE OF MASS SPECTROMETER FOR FORENSIC
GENETICS
Hye-Young Lee1, Soojung Park1, Heewon Min1, YienKyoung Choi2 , Su-Jeong Park2 , Soong-Deok Lee1
1
Department of Forensic Medicine, Seoul National University
College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (South); 2DNA Analysis
Laboratory, DNA Forensic Division, Supreme Prosecutors’
Office, Seoul, Korea (South)
For individual identification using genetic polymorphism,
multiplex PCR for polymorphic STR has been set up as
the golden standard till now. As STR loci show length
polymorphism, capillary electrophoresis (CE) has been
routinely used to reveal these polymorphism. So called
automatic sequencer is usually the machine for CE. CE
using sequencer has some drawbacks too, which include
long running time, hard of automation or discontinuation
of upgrade for the sequencer after the introduction of new
concept sequencing, so called NGS. Considering this, Mass
spectrometer has some merits.
Mass spectrometer measures the exact molecular weight of
the target. For mass spectrometer application it is necessary
to make target fly through the vacuumed space, which has not
been easy for DNA fragment. With the help of electrospray
ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), this could be done
more easily. Based on this system, we have been developing
the assay system to analyze STRs for forensic purpose. Its
short analysis time, exact reproducibility with increased
resolution could be of help to complement CE system,
especially for screening or DB construction purpose.
KEYWORDS
FORENSIC GENETICS; MASS
SPECTROMETER; STR
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
P 06-29
IDENTIFICATION OF DISCORDANCE IN STR FGA
LOCUS BETWEEN POWERPLEX16 AND POWERPLEX
ESI PCR AMPLIFICATION KITS.
Jan Schnitzer, Dana Kvitkova, Zbynek Dolejsi
Department of genetics, Institute of Criminalistics Prague,
Prague, Czech Republic
In recent years all European forensic laboratories had to
switch to the new multiplex PCR kits that include the new
European Standard Set STR loci (ESS). Due to this transition,
a lot of older reference samples have to be reanalyzed using
the new ESS kits. The Czech database contains more than
80, 000 DNA profiles processed by PowePlex 16 System
(Promega). In case of a match identified between a new
sample and an older one, the reference sample is reanalyzed
by the same PCR kit as the casework sample. By doing so, we
detected a discordance in the STR FGA locus. If PowePlex 16
System is used (Promega), the 24.1 allele is found, whereas
PowerPlex ESI 17 System detected the 24 allele. PowePlex
ESX 17 System (Promega) and AmpFLSTR NGM (Applied
Biosystems) also detect the 24.1 allele. The Czech database
includes more than 100, 000 DNA profiles, approximately
300 of which contain the 24.1 allele in FGA marker.
KEYWORDS
DISCORDANCE; FGA MARKER; ESS
P 06-30
HIGH-THROUGHPUT REAL-TIME PCR GENOTYPING
ASSAY FOR THE FORENSIC DETECTION OF
MITOCHONDRIAL DNA SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE
POLYMORPHISM
In this study, we have aimed to investigate that whether the
SNP in position 7025 of the coding region of mitochondrial
DNA was also polymorphic in Turkish population similar
to that of European population. In accordance with this
purpose, we used Amplifluor® SNPs Genotyping System as
503
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
Kadir Dastan1, Fatma Cavus1, Tolga Zorlu1, Gulten
Rayimoglu1, Umut Kara1, Melek Ozlem Kolusayin1, Sule
Beyhan Ozdas1, Emel Hulya Yukseloglu1
1
Istanbul University, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Istanbul,
Turkey; 2The Ministry of Justice, The Council Forensic Medicine,
Istanbul, Turkey; 3Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical
Faculty, Department of Forensic Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey;
4
Istanbul Bilim University, Medical Faculty, Department of
Medical Biology and Genetics, Istanbul, Turkey
a highly sensitive and homogeneous fluorescent assay (EMD
Millipore, MA, USA, Cat. No : S7907) and determined
significant results.
It is know that SNPs are the most abundant DNA markers
with an estimated frequency of 1 SNP in every 1000 bases.
SNPs can occur in both coding and noncoding regions of the
genome and can cause nonconservative amino acid changes
or altered gene regulation.
It is not always possible to obtain enough nuclear DNA
sample for the analysis of the biological samples in the
purpose of forensic evaluations. The polymorphic DNA
found in the mitochondria matrix exists at least a hundred
copies and it simplifies procedures for obtaining results.
Where it is not possible to work with nuclear DNA, for
example ancient bones, any degraded biological material,
hair shaft, mtDNA gives sucessful results. The aim of
this preliminary study was to standardize the method for
the genotyping of the mtDNA and to obtain data for the
mutations in Turkish population.
The development of a one step, PCR-based, universal
detection method, the Amplifluor® SNPs Genotyping System,
simplifies high throughput analysis for the genotyping of
SNPs. The Amplifluor® SNPs Genotyping System is a highly
sensitive, homogeneous fluorescent assay. It can be adapted
to virtually any sample that can be analyzed by allele-specific
PCR.
The 7025th SNP region of the mtDNA was genotyped with
Bio-Rad Real-Time PCR instrument (Bio-Rad, USA, iCycler
iQ™ Real-Time PCR Detection System, Cat. No : 170-8740)
and the haplotypes were evaluated compared to standart
end-point PCR results for understanding the applicability of
Real-Time PCR in genotyping mtDNA for forensic purposes.
The Internet-based program Amplifluor AssayArchitect™
(EMD Millipore, MA, USA) was used to determine an allelespecific forward PCR primer and a common reverse primer.
Blood samples were collected from 10 unrelated individuals
and mtDNA was extracted with a commercially available
kit from Intron Biotechnologies, South Korea. (G-spin™
for blood, Genomic DNA Extraction Kit, Cat.No : 17111).
The fluorescence detection was performed with ABI Prism
Sequence Detection System (Applied Biosystems, USA,
Cat. No : 7700). The target regions were amplified by means
of Real-Time PCR instrument and the amplicons were
genotyped by using an appropriate labelling for the universal
Amplifluor fluoresence method.
Even if our study group had consisted of 10 volunteers,
we could have a successfull genotyping for 8 samples and
compare the results with the current literature. After the
current preliminary study, we have expanded our study with
200 additional samples which supported the initial results.
WFF2014
This study is the first to introduce and show the applicability
of using mitochondiral DNA with Amplifluor Genotyping
Assay in literature. Our genotyping results are going to be
presented separately in 20th World Meeting of the IAFS.
KEYWORDS REAL-TIME PCR, PROFILLING; FORENSIC
SCIENCES; GENOTYPING, MITOCHONDRIAL DNA
P 06-31
MAXIMIZE INFORMATION FROM YOUR MIXTURE
SAMPLES WITH THE POWERPLEX® FUSION 6C
SYSTEM, A COMBINED AUTOSOMAL AND Y-STR
MULTIPLEX
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
Lotte Downey, Martin Ensenberger, Patricia Fulmer, Kristy
Lenz, Dawn Rabbach, Cynthia Sprecher, Douglas Storts
Genetic Identity, Promega Corporation, Madison, Wisconsin,
United States
The PowerPlex® Fusion 6C System is a 6-color STR system
for simultaneously amplifying 23 autosomal loci, three
Y-STR loci, and Amelogenin. The required (Amelogenin,
D18S51, FGA, D21S11, D8S1179, vWA, D13S317,
D16S539, D7S820, TH01, D3S1358, D5S818, CSF1PO,
D2S1338, D19S433, D1S1656, D12S391, D2S441,
D10S1248, DYS391) and preferred (TPOX, D22S1045,
SE33) expanded CODIS core loci are combined with Penta
D, Penta E, DYS570, and DYS576 to give the system a
discriminatory power (PI = 1.80 x 10-32) that is three orders
of magnitude higher than other commercially available
6-color STR systems. With nine autosomal and DYS391 loci
being less than 250bp, the additional genetic information
obtained with this 27-locus STR system will be extremely
useful for analyzing degraded samples, where even a partial
profile would be informative. Additionally, the three Y-STR
loci in this system will allow more confident determination
of the number of male contributors in a complex mixture
without the need for a separate Y-STR analysis, thus saving
time and money. A short PCR cycling time of approximately
60 minutes and the ability to directly amplify single source
samples from a variety of substrates will further improve the
efficiency of your STR analysis.
KEYWORDS MIXTURE; AUTOSOMAL AND Y STRS;
FORENSIC DNA
504
P 06-32
THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT FINGERPRINT
POWDERS ON SUBSEQUENT DNA PROFILING
Prisca Ng1, Xanthe Spindler1, Claude Roux1, Melanie
Fraser2 , Chris Lennard3 , Peter Gunn1
1
Centre for Forensic Science, University of Technology, Sydney,
Sydney, Australia; 2Forensics, Australian Federal Police,
Canberra, Australia; 3National Centre for Forensic Studies,
University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
When DNA and fingermarks are found on a single piece of
evidence, it is crucial to optimise the detection and analysis of
both types of traces. The aim of this project was to determine
if different fingerprint powders, commonly used by crime
scene examiners in NSW and elsewhere will affect the (i)
yield of DNA and (ii) quality of the genetic profile obtained.
The effects of 7 powders on the quantity and quality of
DNA from washed cells recovered from saliva and latent
fingermarks were investigated using the PrepFilerTM
Forensic DNA Kit, the Plexor® HY System and the ABI
7500 Real-Time PCR system. STR profiles were generated
from selected samples, using the GlobalFilerTM PCR
Amplification Kit, the Applied Biosystems 3500 Genetic
Analyser and Genemapper® ID-X software.
Black magnetic and bichromatic powder led to the
highest recoveries of DNA, followed by Opti-black and
silver metallic powder. Silver magnetic, Greencharge
fluoromagnetic and Black Emerald fluoromagnetic powders
had the lowest yields of DNA. However most treated samples
produced usable STR profiles, although off ladder peaks and
exaggerated allelic imbalance were observed in some cases.
This presentation will discuss these results and their
implication for operational casework.
KEYWORDS
FINGERPRINT POWDERS; DNA PROFILING;
DNA
P 06-33
HYBRIDIZATION-MEDIATED LOCUS ENRICHMENT
FOR STR ANALYSIS OF FRAGMENTED DNA
Seon-Kyu Ham1, Se-Yong Kim2 , Jang-Won Ahn1, Bo Young
Seo2 , Kwang-Man Woo2 , Cheol Yong Choi1, Seung-Hwan
Lee2
1
Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University,
Suwon, Korea (South); 2DNA Analysis Laboratory, Division
of Forensic DNA, Supreme Prosecutors’ Office, Seoul, Korea
(South)
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
DNA degradation is a major obstacle in gaining an accurate
profile with standard DNA typing technology. Although
alternative genotyping strategies such as mini-STRs and
SNPs have proven to be more successful in profiling
degraded DNA, these approaches also have limitations. Here
we show that locus enrichment by hybridization of degraded
genomic DNA with an STR locus-specific biotinylated
oligonucleotide is a powerful approach to overcome
problems in STR typing of highly degraded DNA. An
experimental investigation of factors affecting the efficiency
of this method indicates that the choice of primer and the
molar ratio of primers to genomic DNA are critical factors in
improving enrichment of the STR locus before genotyping
with multiplex kits. In addition, we find that indirect capture
rather than direct capture with magnetic beads yields a better
enrichment efficiency for STR locus enrichments. Using
these strategies, we demonstrate an improvement in STR
typing of DNA from cultured cells damaged by exposure
to sunlight or UV. We suggest that this approach could be
applied to highly degraded forensic samples alone or in
combination with mini-STRs.
KEYWORDS DEGRADED DNA; STR LOCUS ENRICHMENT;
HYBRIDIZATION
P 06-34
FEASIBILITY OF NANO FILAMENT FIBERS FOR
TRACE DNA EVIDENCE
Sampling biological evidence is one of the most critical step
in forensic DNA typing. Touch DNA samples were known
to be difficult to analyse compared to bloodstain, semen
stain and saliva stains. In this study, nano filament fiber was
evaluated as a tool for collecting trace DNA samples by
comparing other commercial swabs such as cotton swab,
cotton gauze, flocked swab, isohelix swab. Diluted blood
stains were prepared on porous and non-porous materials
such as wood and glass plate, respectively. DNA quantity
was analyzed by qPCR and compared. Nano filament fiber
showed higher concentration of DNA compared to other tools
such as cotton swab. This study showed the feasibility of
KEYWORDS TRACE DNA EVIDENCE; NANO FILAMENT
FIBER; SWAB
P 06-35
DEVELOPMENT OF A REAL-TIME PCR METHOD FOR
THE IDENTIFICATION OF THE MOTTLED SKATE,
BERINGRAJA PULCHRA
In Kwan Hwang1,5 , Hae Yong Lee1, Min-Hee Kim2 , Hyun-Su
Jo3,4 , Dong-Ho Choi1, Pil Won Kang1, Yang-Han Lee2 , NamSoo Cho2 , Ki-Won Park2 , Ho Zoon Chae5
1
DNA Analysis Division, National Forensic Service, Seoul,
Korea (South); 2Forensic DNA Division, National Forensic
Service, Wonju, Korea (South); 3Fisheries Researchs and
Environment Division, West Sea Fisheries Research Institute,
Incheon, Korea (South); 4Dept. of Marine Science & Production,
Kunsan National University, Gunsan, Korea (South); 5School
of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National
University, Gwangju, Korea (South)
The mottled skate, Raja pulchra is one of commercially
important skates and a vulnerable species in Korea. The
identification of R. pulchra is being increasingly required for
proof of the crime related to food as this species. The mtDNA
gene, cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) was analyzed and
compared using MEGA5 with 157 species of skates and rays
reported in NCBI GeneBank, 29 specimens of R. pulchra, and
27 different commercial samples. Finally, specific sequences
of R. pulchra different from the other species were found
and specific primers and Minor Groove Binding (MGB)
Taqman prove based on it were designed. As a result, a Real
Time-PCR method based on TaqMan technology has been
developed for the identification of R. Pulchra. An average
Threshold Cycle (Ct) value of 19.5 was obtained with R.
pulchra DNA. However, (Ct) values of commercial 2 samples
were 18.1 and 26.7 respectively and fluorescence signals
of the other tested samples DNA were not detected or Ct
values were considerably higher. These results reveal that the
developed method is a rapid and efficient tool to identify R.
pulchra and may aid in the prevention of fraud or mislabelling
in skates products.
KEYWORDS R A J A P U L C H R A ; C Y T O C H R O M E C
OXIDASE I; REAL TIME-PCR METHOD
505
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
Jong Keun Jung1, Mi Jung Kim1, Hee Yeon Park1, Sumin
Lee1, Jeung-Ah Kwon2 , Sang Cheul Shin2 , Byung Won
Chun2 , Si Keun Lim2
1
DNA analysis section, Department of Forensic Medicine, Busan
institute, Yangsan 626-810, Korea (South); 2DNA analysis
division, Department of Forensic Medicine, National Forensic
Service, Wonju 220-170, Korea (South)
nano filament fiber as a novel tool for trace DNA analysis.
WFF2014
P 06-36
VALIDATION OF EXTRACTION METHODS FOR
HUMAN DNA FROM CIGARETTE BUTTS
Paul Ryan Sales, Dorothy Emma Ferrer, Gayvelline Calacal,
Jazelyn Salvador, Maria Corazon De Ungria
DNA Analysis Laboratory, Natural Sciences Research Institute,
University of The Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
Cigarette butts found in crime scenes are evidence that may
be used to identify and link persons to a crime or a crime
scene. Epithelial cells from saliva stains on cigarette butts
contain DNA that may be used to generate the DNA profile
of its source. Discarded cigarette butts found in many crime
scenes are often exposed to contaminants which lead to
DNA degradation. In this study, several factors were tested
to compare the amount and quality of DNA obtained from
cigarette butts extracted using an organic procedure and a
commercially-available kit. Results show that exposure to
an outside environment had a significant effect on DNA
yield and amplifiability using both extraction procedures.
Prolonged storage of cigarette butts of up to six months did
not affect DNA quantity and quality provided that these
samples were stored indoors under controlled temperature
conditions and with minimal exposure to contaminants.
KEYWORDS
CIGARETTE BUTTS; DNA YIELD; DNA
TYPING
P 06-37
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
WEB-BASED SYSTEM FOR INTERPRETING AND
SEARCHING MIXED DNA PROFILE
Hyunchul Park1, Mi-Jin Kim1, Si-Keun Lim1, Kyungmyung
Lee1, Sanghyun An1, Myun-Soo Han1, Won Kim2
1
Forensic DNA division, National Forensic Service, Wonju,
Korea (South); 2Biological Sciences, Seoul National University,
Seoul, Korea (South)
The DNA profile analysis of crime evidence involves the
mixed DNA profiles derived from different individuals.
The study for interpretation of the mixed DNA profiles has
been continually performed in forensic genetics, and many
programs for DNA mixture analysis are developed with
function of a calculator. However, since these programs
do not have function as a database to search DNA profiles,
most of the mixed DNA profiles analyzed from crime stains
eventually remain as an unsolved case. In this study, we
developed the web-based system called’forensic mixed
506
DNA database (FMDD)’ for search of mixed DNA profiles
as well as the statistical interpretation for match of database.
The FMDD can perform a search of suspect DNA profile
against database of mixed DNA profiles and vice versa.
Moreover, it calculates various probabilities such as random
match probability (RMP), combined probability of exclusion
/ inclusion (CPE/CPI) and likelihood ratio (LR) like as
other available analysis programs. The FMDD provides
different statistical results according to options. The mixed
DNA profiles obtained from single source calculate the
likelihood ratio and random match probability. The combined
probability of exclusion and inclusion can be calculated from
the mixed DNA profiles of two or three persons. Furthermore,
the likelihood ratio of DNA profiles analyzed from two
persons can be computed as different statistical results by
various options.
KEYWORDS MIXED DNA PROFILE; LIKELIHOOD
RATIO; DATABASE
P 06-38
DNA PROFILING IN BLOOD, BUCCAL SWABS AND
HAIR FOLLICLES OF PATIENTS TRANSPLANTATION
Volkan Zeybek1, Guven Koyuncu2 , Yucel Arısoy3 , Selcan
Zeybek4
1
Forensic Medicine, Council of Forensic Medicine, Denizli,
Turkey; 2Biology, Council of Forensic Medicine, İzmir, Turkey;
3
Department of Forensic Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University,
İzmir, Turkey; 4Department of Medical Genetics, Pamukkale
University, Denizli, Turkey
Peripheral blood DNA profiles are often used in forensic
identification and paternity/ kinship investigations.
Studies were showed that, patients undergoing allo
PBSCT (peripheral bone stem cell transplantation), and
liver transplantation, chimerism developed in blood
and some tissues and this chimerism was important to
show posttransplant engrafment and to diagnose some of
complications. Nowadays, due to the increasing number of
patients who had undergone transplantation, questioning the
story of transplantation has gained importance in forensic
cases and buccal swab or hair follicles samples was raised
rather than peripheral blood samples to get more accurate
results in such cases.
In this study, it is aimed to investigate availability of
chimerism analysis of blood, hair follicles and buccal swab
samples in forensic identification of stem cell and organ
transplant patients.
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
Blood, hair follicle and buccal swab samples of five patients
who were made alloPBSCT by Department of Hematology
DEU (Dokuz Eylul University) and 35 patients who were
made liver transplantation by Department of General
Surgery DEU were analyzed as blind. After the isolation of
samples DNA, specific short tandem repeats sequences were
amplificated with PCR and then genotype was determined
with capillary electrophoresis.
DNA profiles were compared with patients who underwent
allo-PBSCT in four blood samples, hair and buccal swab
samples were completely different, there was no mixed
chimerism. It was learned that one patient whose three
examples were same had failure of engraftment and
transmission repetition scheduled.
It is showed that after successful allo PBSCT, DNA profiles
of peripheral blood samples show donor chimerism, DNA
profiles of buccal swab samples varies with time after
transplantation, and DNA profiles of hair samples are fully
recepients. There was no difference between each of the three
samples DNA profiles of 35 liver transplant patients. This
situation is connected to the absence of development of graft
versus host disease.
IDENTITY ESTABLISHING; CHIMERISM;
TRANSPLANTATION
KEYWORDS
P 06-39
PCR IN 1 MICRO LITER FOR BUCCAL SWABS
Pavla Coufalova, Zbynek Dolejsi
Genetic, KUP, Prague, Czech Republic
KEYWORDS
BUCCAL; PCR; VOLUME
COMBINED GENETIC AND MICRO-CHEMICAL
ANALYSIS OF HOUSEHOLD DUST AS A DEFINITIVE
TRACE IDENTIFIER OF A ROOM AND ITS
OCCUPANTS
Katherine Farash1, Hayley O’brien2 , Erin Hanson2 , Nicholas
Petraco3 , Jack Ballantyne4
1
Forensic Science Graduate Program, Biochemistry Track,
University of Central Florida, Orlando, United States; 2National
Center for Forensic Science, University of Central Florida,
Orlando, United States; 3Petraco Consulting, Massapequa Park,
United States; 4Department of Chemistry, University of Central
Florida, Orlando, United States
The ultimate goal of trace forensic evidence in a criminal
investigation is to identify the people, places and things
involved in the commission of the crime. The reality is that,
with most types of non-biological trace evidence, association
(however strong) rather than positive identification is a more
likely outcome. A commonly found trace material that does
not appear to be widely analyzed in operational crime labs
at this time is household dust. This is unfortunate since the
potential for identification rather than merely association
with this type of evidence is a realistic possibility. Dust
bunnies appear to be a unique entangled conglomeration
of fibers containing a variety of inorganic and organic
particulates from the immediate environment that are formed
over a period of time due to air flow and that accumulate
inside rooms (inside homes or the workplace), vehicles
(e.g. trunk) or even in some outdoor locations. They can be
transferred onto, for example, the clothing of a body that
has been dragged across the floor prior to the body being
taken away and deposited elsewhere. Thus, in principle, if
one or more dust bunnies are found associated with a crime
it should be possible to positively identify the room from
which it originated. However, the probative value of the
dust bunny would be enhanced not only if the room could
be identified but also the habitual occupier of the room.
This might be accomplished by sensitive DNA typing of
the cellular material that is trapped inside the dust bunny
(likely originating from the habitual occupier of the room).
Therefore, in the current work, we sought to combine a
micro-chemical and genetic analysis of household dust
We genetically profiled dust bunny samples using two
approaches : 1) organic extraction of whole dust bunny
samples with standard and increased cycle number STR
profiling and 2) “smart” analysis with the individual isolation
of bio-particles present in the dust bunny samples using
micro-manipulation and enhanced micro-volume direct-PCR
507
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
There are several labs in the Czech Republic doing regular
DNA casework but there is only a single central lab for buccal
swabs. It processes more than 22, 000 buccal swabs per
year. Main work criteria with such workload are success rate
and cost reduction. We do not use any quantification kit for
buccal swabs. We have compared various types of collection
kits – FTA and swabs, different isolation options. Our latest
experiment was with different PCR volumes. Like most labs
we started with half-volumes. Currently we are using a mix
of 8µl of PCR and 1µl of sample, and this year we started to
experiment with 1 µl of PCR in the mix. That is how we can
process a great number of samples with minimum costs.
P 06-40
WFF2014
STR profiling. Detectable amounts of human DNA were
obtained in 73% (29/40) of the whole dust bunny samples
evaluated. While admixed DNA profiles were observed in
numerous whole dust bunny samples, highly probative single
source DNA profiles (random match probabilities >106)
were recovered in ~25% of the samples. The use of enhanced
micro-manipulation collection techniques and direct microvolume DNA profiling from individually isolated bioparticles recovered from within the dust bunnies resulted
in mainly single source DNA profiles, with multiple donors
identified in some specimens
With a successful detection and STR profiling of human
DNA in dust bunny samples, we continued our analysis with
a concomitant microscopical characterization of organic
and inorganic material from household dust to uniquely
characterize the room of origin and its occupants. The results
of this initial work confirm the presence of human DNA in
household dust specimens (’dust bunnies’) that is of sufficient
quantity and quality for DNA-STR analysis. This further
demonstrates the probative value of this underused class of
evidence.
and stains were typed at 20 autosomal short tandem repeat
loci using PowerPlex® 21 System. We analyzed the resulting
electropherograms through a semi-quantitative binary
model and a fully continuous model. Likelihood ratios were
calculated using a Philippine population database. We report
here that the use of a binary model ignores a lot of profile
information and may be biased in favor of the prosecution
by invoking the 2p rule for potentially dropped-out alleles.
A fully continuous approach, on the other hand, models
stutters, degradation, heterozygous peak imbalance, and
drop-out that likely complicate the interpretation of mixed
DNA profiles. This model utilizes Markov Chain Monte
Carlo (MCMC) chains to determine realistic combinations of
genotypes and parameters. Our observations with casework
type samples highlight the importance of adopting a fully
continuous approach to mixture interpretation in forensic
DNA laboratories in the Philippines and elsewhere.
KEYWORDS HOUSEHOLD DUST; DUST BUNNY; MICROCHEMICAL ANALYSIS
P 06-42
KEYWORDS SEXUAL ASSAULT EVIDENCE; MIXTURE
INTERPRETATION; CONTINUOUS MODELS
FORENSIC DNA DEPARTMENT EXPERTISE IN
CIVILIAN AND CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIONS IN
JEDDAH: A 5-YEARS RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
P 06-41
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
DNA EVIDENCE INTERPRETATION FOR SEXUAL
ASSAULT CASES IN THE PHILIPPINES: ADOPTING A
CONTINUOUS MODEL FOR MIXTURE ANALYSIS
Jae Joseph Russell Rodriguez1, Jo-Anne Bright3 , Jazelyn
Salvador1, Rita Laude2 , Maria Corazon De Ungria1
1
DNA Analysis Laboratory, Natural Sciences Research
Institute, University of The Philippines Diliman, Quezon City,
Philippines; 2Genetics and Molecular Biology Division, Institute
of Biological Sciences, University of The Philippines, Los Baños,
Laguna, Philippines; 3ESR Ltd, Mt Albert Science Centre,
Auckland, New Zealand
DNA mixtures are often encountered in sexual assault
investigations and would require statistical interpretation
to identify likely contributors. In the Philippines, where
reports of rape continue to increase, there is the absence of
national guidelines for the proper interpretation of DNA
evidence to aid in the conviction of the real perpetrators of
the crime. To guide future recommendations addressing the
issue, we conducted mixture interpretation on simulated
casework samples using two different statistical models.
Male/female and male/male DNA from post-coital swabs
508
Khalid Yousef Mattar1, Mamdouh Kamal Zaki1
1
Head of Forensic Medicine, Forensic Evidence Administration,
Ministry of Interior , Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; 2Senior Forensic
Medical Examiner, Jeddah Forensic Medicine Center, Jeddah,
Saudi Arabia
Jeddah Forensic DNA Department played a priceless role
during the past decades in solving thousands of civilian and
criminal cases, as well as disaster victim identification. The
department is related administratively to the Ministry of
Interior “MOI” and is represented by the Administration of
Criminal Evidences “ACE”, and assessed by the General
Directorate of Public Security in MOI. It performed analysis
for trace evidences recovered from the crime scene, or
the assailant’s or victim’s swabs, cloths and belongings,
as well as analysis of a vast number of civilian cases such
as parentage testing. Individual reports of such cases
are exchanged in secrecy between this administration
and forensic medical experts in MOH, to finalize reports
independently or in a shared committee including both
parties. The department is the only laboratory having
DNA database for analysis of genetic fingerprinting for
criminology in Jeddah. DNA fingerprints analyses are held
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
electronically.
The aim of the current study was to evaluate Jeddah Forensic
DNA Department mission in managing both civilian and
criminal cases in the governorate, as well as providing the
exceptional accuracy at the service of justice.
A retrospective study was performed on the available data
concerning the work load in the department in the past five
years, till now, which reached 21.000 DNA analyses per
annum for approximately 1400 cases. The study included
descriptive analysis of the different processes including
types of materials examined, methods of extraction, DNA
extraction, amplification and typing and the updated
technologies provided nowadays and fortunately available
for our personnel and teams. Methodologies, policies and
procedures will be described in details.
KEYWORDS FORENSIC DNA; DNA-FINGERPRINTING;
CIVILIAN & CRIMINAL
P 06-44
EVALUATION OF THE FALSE POSITIVE RATES
ASSOCIATED WITH IMMUNOCHROMATOGRAPHIC
ASSAYS FOR SEMINAL FLUID PROTEIN DETECTION
IN SAMPLES CONTAINING FEMALE VAGINAL
SECRETIONS
Heather Mazzanti1, Bethany Kleiser3 , Jillian Fesolovich2 ,
Christian Westring2
1
Forensic Science, Arcadia University/The Center for Forensic
Science Research & Education, Willow Grove, United States;
2
Criminalistics, NMS Labs, Willow Grove, United States;
3
Forensic Science, Arcadia University, Glenside, United States
KEYWORDS S E R O L O G Y; P R O S TAT E S P E C I F I C
ANTIGEN; SEMENOGELIN
P 06-45
VARIABILITY OF SE33 LOCUS IN 2 MEDITERRANEAN
POPULATIONS
Angelo La Marca1, Anna Barbaro1, Patrizia Cormaci1,
Marisa Cassar2 , J.c. Grech2
1
Forensic Genetics, Studio Indagini Mediche E Forensi
509
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
Prostate specific antigen (PSA), also known as p30, is a
protein present in high concentrations of 0.5 to 2.0 mg/ml
in seminal fluid and is currently used as a marker for the
detection of seminal fluid in forensic samples. It is produced,
amongst other places, in the cells that line the ducts of the
prostate. However, it can also be found in the paraurethral
glands, perianal glands, apocrine sweat glands and mammary
glands; therefore, it is present in small quantities in urine,
feces, sweat, and breast milk. PSA can also be found in lower
concentrations in female vaginal fluid. The presence of this
protein marker in females is attributed to the Skene’s gland,
which is homologous to the prostate gland found in males.
Another protein marker used for the forensic detection of
semen is semenogelin. This protein is produced in large
quantities by the glandular epithelium of the seminal vesicles.
Lower levels of semenogelin can also be found in other
tissues such as skeletal muscle and kidney, however, unlike
PSA, this protein is not believed to be present in female
vaginal secretions.
This research assessed the presence of these proteins
in female vaginal fluid samples known to be free of
seminal fluid and determined their ability to produce false
positive results for two different commercially available
immunochromatographic assays. These results were
correlated to the quantity of PSA present in the samples
as determined via analysis with ELISA as well as to
different environmental factors such as the use of hormonal
contraceptives and hormonal fluctuations due to the
menstrual cycle.
Twelve volunteers were asked to abstain from unprotected
sexual intercourse during the duration of the study.
Participants collected a vaginal swab on a weekly basis
for 3 months. For each collection participants recorded
the time of their menstrual cycle; what, if any, hormonal
contraceptives were being used; and the time since last
orgasm. All swabs were extracted and analyzed using two
different commercially available immunochromatographic
assays, one specific for PSA and one for semenogelin,
and underwent a quantification determination for PSA
using ELISA. Any samples producing a positive result for
either PSA or semenogelin were confirmed spermatozoa
free following microscopic examination. An overall false
positive rate of just over 5% was observed, with more
samples producing a positive reaction for semenogelin
than PSA. Interestingly, there was no correlation between
the quantity of PSA and ability to produce a false positive
on the immunochromatographic assay for PSA, as all
quantitative values were below the reported sensitivity of the
immunochromatographic assay used. Therefore, it is likely
these positive results were due to true false positive reactions
rather than a specific PSA binding event. This research will
assist forensic investigators in determining a confidence
level associated with positive results obtained for PSA and
semenogelin from immunochromatographic assays.
WFF2014
(SIMEF), Reggio Calabria, Italy; 2Forensic Genetics, MLS
BioDNA, Malta
The SE33 (ACTP2—human actin beta-actin-related
pseudogene H-beta-Ac-psi-2) is one of the most informative
STR systems for biological identification.
Allele frequencies of SE33 were calculated from a population
sample from Calabria in Southern Italy using the AmpFlSTR
NGM SElect™ PCR Amplification Kit (Applied Biosystems)
and another population sample from the Maltese Islands
using PowerPlex ESI 17 (Promega).
Allelic frequencies and statistical parameters of forensic
interest (Dp : power of discrimination, PE : power of
exclusion, RMP : random matching probability, etc.) were
calculated using PowerStats v.1.2 software. Hardy-Weinberg
equilibrium and other population parameters were calculated
using Arlequin software v.3.1 and TFPGA v1.3.
A total of 41 different alleles were observed in the 2 examined
populations with no allele being more frequent than 10, 5%.
Some intermediate were found in both populations;
No significant deviations from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium
were found.
Allelic frequencies of SE33 were compared to previously
published population data and no significant differences were
found.
Results demonstrate the locus is highly polymorphic and
useful for forensic identification, it should be routinely added
to the set of STRs loci commonly studied in caseworks and in
paternity cases.
KEYWORDS
SE33; CALABRIA; MALTA
P 06-46
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
DNA PROFILES DETECTION IN SALIVA MIXTURES
AFTER KISSING
Angelo La Marca, Anna Barbaro, Patrizia Cormaci, Stefano
Votano
Forensic Genetics, Studio Indagini Mediche E Forensi (SIMEF),
Reggio Calabria, Italy
In the present study we evaluated the persistence of saliva
traces after kissing and the ability to obtain reliable genetic
profiles.
In particular 10 pairs (male/female) were asked to give each
other a kiss on lips, a kiss on the female forehead and an
intensive french kiss for 2’
Volunteers have been tested in a specific time range (5-60’) to
verify the difference in the recovery of saliva/DNA.
510
The presence of saliva has been confirmed with an immunochromatographic strip test for the forensic detection of saliva
(RSID™-Saliva).
In order to detect the male component in the mixtures,
extracted DNA samples were quantified in Real-Time by the
Quantifiler Duo Human DNA Quantification kit.
DNA amplification has bee performed by AmpFLSTR NGM
SElect™ kit and amplified samples analyzed by capillary
electrophoresis on an ABI 3130 Genetic Analyzer.
Per each couple was assessed the quantity/quality of
extracted DNA, the persistence of male DNA in the mixed
saliva samples, the quality/reproducibility of STRs profiles
obtained.
Our results show foreign DNA tends to persist for a variable
restricted time after kissing.
KEYWORDS
SALIVA; DNA; MIXTURE
P 06-47
APPLICATION OF ACCUID® (SNP BASED
RESEQUENCING ARRAY) IN FAMILIAL
IDENTIFICATION
Jong Eun Lee, Hyung Jin Yu, Ji Sung Han, Yoon Soo Kim
DNA Link, Inc., Seoul, Korea (South)
Since the discovery of DNA profiling and DNA
fingerprinting, human identification technology has gradually
improved to the current widespread method of analyzing
Short Tandem Repeat (STR) markers. Despite the high
accuracy and advanced analysis methods of STR, confirming
familial relationships is still impeded by the possibility of
false positives due to the high rate of genetic mutations along
with the hardship of genotyping degraded DNA samples.
In general, the degree of familial identification of the STR
method is often limited up to full-sibling relation. In order
to overcome such limitations, new analysis technique that
utilize single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) has been
developed. DNA Link’s AccuID®, a SNP based personal
identification system, combines Affymetrix resequencing
array technology and multiplexing PCR technology to
genotype hundreds of SNP markers in a single experiment.
It consists of markers for SNPs that are ideal for human
identification as well as sex determination. Specifically, the
system provides the genotyping of 169 human identification
markers and 12 Y-chromosome sex markers in a single
experiment run with miniscule amount of DNA. To test the
effectiveness of AccuID in analyzing familial relationships,
various types of relations, such as parent-child, half-sibling,
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
and motherless cases, have been evaluated. Furthermore,
DNA from bones of over 50 years old were analyzed as well
to test how effectively AccuID performs against degraded
DNA samples. Successful matching results with high
likelihood ratio were produced in both normal and degraded
samples, indicating AccuID’s ability to identify a wide range
of familial relations far beyond that of full-sibling.
KEYWORDS
DNA LINK; ACCUID; SNP
one side of Cavernous nerve) and group C (abscised with
both sides of Cavernous nerve) exhibited statistical difference
with group A (Sham operated group) on indices of SOD,
GSH-PX, MDA, NO, eNOS and NADPH oxidase subunits
gp91phox and p22phox. The result indicates that apart from
nerve injury, oxidative stress of corpus cavernosum tissue
and NADPH oxidase related Corpus cavernosum endothelial
damage are also major triggers for neurogenic Erectile
Dysfunction of rats.
KEYWORDS NEUROGENIC ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION;
OXIDATIVE STRESS; NADPH OXIDASE
POSTER PRESENTATION 07
CLINICAL FORENSIC MEDICINE (CFM)
P 07-2
P 07-1
CHARACTERISTICS OF CHILD SEXUAL OFFENDERS;
A SERIES FROM TURKEY
OXIDATIVE STRESS STATUS IN CORPUS
CAVERNOSUM TISSUE OF NEUROGENIC ERECTILE
DYSFUNCTION RATS
Hanjian Shen
Clinical Forensic Medicine, Institute of Forensic Science,
Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, China
Child sexual offenders are not sufficiently assessed in terms
of social and medical characteristics. Furthermore, cases in
which child offenders involved are underreported and might
be neglected. Here, we aim to evaluate general characteristics
of a series of child sexual offenders.
The records and reports issued by social workers regarding
child sexual offenders were retrospectively evaluated.
These reports were relatively the most complete documents
including socio-demographic and psycho-social data
regarding offenders. A total of 48 child sexual offenders were
included in the study and investigated in terms of sociodemographic and psycho-social characteristics.
All of cases were male and their ages ranged between 12 and
17 years. of these, 50% were students at any grade. Five cases
were living in social service facilities. Two cases were incest.
Three offenders were accused with repeated sexual crimes.
Out of assault cases 20 (41.7%) were anal penetration. of
cases, 19 were cigarette smoker, 4 were drug abuser. The
families of 12 (25%) cases suffered from low socio-economic
status, and 23 (47.9%) were broken families. According to
social workers 47 cases had criminal responsibility based on
their psychosocial development. Out of all, 7 cases suffered
from impulse control disorder and 1 from mental retardation.
Twelve cases were reported to need consulting and social
support services. Regarding victims of sexual assaults 20
(41.7%) were male, while 28 (58.3%) were female.
In conclusion, the rate of offenders with interrupted education
511
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
Objective : The topic of this research is on what impact
the cavernous nerve damage caused neurogenic erectile
dysfunction may exert on oxidative stress status of rats’
corpus cavernosum tissue and erectile function of rats.
Methods : Choose 60 male SD rats and divide them into 3
categories : group A is Sham operated group; the rats in group
B have been abscised with one side of cavernous nerve;
the mice in group C have been abscised with both sides of
cavernous nerve. 8 weeks after surgery, rats will be executed
after their Erectile function test. Then Corpus cavernosum
tissues will be obtained, then the level of Superoxide
Dismutase (SOD), Malondialdehyde (MDA), Nitric Oxide
(NO), vitality of Glutathione Peroxidase (GSH-PX) and
Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS), and expression
of NADPH oxidase subunits gp91phox and p22phox will
be measured. Results SOD level and vitality of GSH-PX in
group B and C are lower, while level of MDA are higher,
than those in group A – Shamed operated group. Also, the
level of NO and vitality of eNOS in group B and C are lower
than group A, but expression of NADPH oxidase subunits
gp91phox and p22phox are several times higher than those of
Shamed operat group.
Conclusion : Through measuring some relevant chemical
indices of oxidative stress reaction in rats’ Corpus
cavernosum tissue, we identified that group B (abscised with
M.mustafa Arslan1, Dua Sumeyra Demirkiran1, Ramazan
Akcan2 , Cem Zeren1
1
Forensic Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey;
2
Forensic Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
WFF2014
was higher. Interestingly the number of male victims and
the frequency of cases involving anal penetration were high.
Broken and scattered family was important as a risk factor for
this population.
KEYWORDS
ASSAULT; CHILDHOOD; ANAL PENETRATION
P 07-3
STUDY ON THE POST-MORTEM INTERVAL (PMI)
CALCULATION METHOD BASED ON THE BLOOD
MOISTURE EVAPORATION MASS CHANGE
Yong-Soo Mun
Dept. of Crime Scene Investigation Team, Ansan-Danwon Police
Station, Ansan-Danwon City, Korea (South)
Murder site is bloody. With the passing of time, the mass
of the blood decreases due to moisture evaporation, and a
simple assumption has been established that the time of the
blood spilling can be determined when the mass decrease
is converted to time. Analysis conducted to verify this
hypothesis revealed that the mass of the blood decreased at an
even hourly rate.
The blood from the victims, is used as the observation subject
for the determination of the post-mortem interval rather than
the corpse. When a murder case site is bloody, the blood is
exposed to the site floor or remains in the bodies is that the
amount of time the blood has been exposed to the atmosphere
can be determined by measuring the mass of the blood at the
time of site discovery.
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
The Following analysis are necessary to support This hypothesis
1
. Test of Mass Change pattern due to blood Moisture
Evaporation
2. Test of the mass ratio between the moisture in the blood
and the residue
3. Observation test of the moisture evaporation blood surface
This study focused on site blood as the subject of observation
for post-mortem interval determination rather than the corpse.
Although blood is not found in all murder crime scenes,
approximately 60% of all murder cases that Police Agency
handled in the past three years have involved bloody sites.
When blood exposed outside the body in a bloody murder
site is exposed to the air, moisture evaporation occurs and the
blood mass decreases. A hypothesis was established that the
post-mortem interval may be determined by measuring the
mass decrease.
Analysis conducted to verify this hypothesis revealed that the
mass of the blood decreased at an even hourly rate, and the
average mass of the residue after moisture evaporation of the
512
blood was 2.4%. In addition, the mass can be determined as
the evaporated moisture ratio to calculate the post-mortem
interval.
To assess the accuracy of the blood moisture evaporation
post-mortem interval determination method, a spline
nonlinear regression equation using statistics function was
redundantly applied for 30 virtual cases to calculate the postmortem interval. The accuracy of the method was verified
in this manner, and the maximum and minimum error times
and compensation values according to the correction value
ranges, which is the ratio of the mass of the blood measured
at the site to the total blood mass, were calculated and
presented.
Although this post-mortem interval determination method
based on the moisture amount change in exposed blood has
the limitation that it can only be applied to bloody sites,
this study is the first of its kind and has no precedent in the
literature. This method has high applicability for scenes
where effective blood can be collected, and this research
has sufficient potential for advancement, such as the future
development of blood moisture evaporation equipment.
KEYWORDS POST-MORTEM INTERVAL (PMI); BLOOD;
EVAPORATION
P 07-4
MORPHOLOGICAL AND FUNCTIONAL ANALYSES
OF TRAUMATIC SUBMACULAR HEMORRHAGE
BY OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY AND
MULTIFOCAL ELECTRORETINOGRAMS
Liu Ruijue, Yu Xiaoying, Wang Meng, Zhou Shu, Chen
Jiemin, Xia Wentao
Department of Clinic Forensic Medicine, Institude of Forensic
Science, Ministry of Justice, P.r.china, Shanghai, China
Purpose : To investigate the changes of traumatic submacular
hemorrhage in 4 patients, followed up with multifocal
electroretinogram (mfERG) and optical coherence
tomography (OCT).
Methods : 4 eyes of 4 patients who were noted after direct
trauma and suffered from traumatic submacular hemorrhage
were followed with ophthalmic examination, OCT, mfERG
etc. The latencies and average response densities of all the six
ring retinal regions of mfERG were measured and compared
after 1month and after 3months.
Results : The latencies of the N1 and P1 waves in all the six
rings of mfERG remained unchanged. Significant increase of
average response densities of P1 in ring 1, ring 2 and ring 3
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
(P<0.01) were detected at 3 months after trauma comparing
with the initial tests. The peaks of the retinal response
density had not recovered in the macular area of the mfERG
topography after three months. The OCT results revealed
OCT image through the central fovea showing an elevated
lesion in the outer retina 20 days to 1 month after trauma and
that the elevated lesion has become flattened after 3months.A
defect of the ISe line of the photo receptors is obvious in the
area of the hemorrhage.
Conclusion : mfERG and OCT can show objective functional
and morphological changes respectively, it is reasonable to
evaluate visual function of traumatic submacular hemorrhage
after 3months of trauma in forensic identification.
KEYWORDS
T R A U M AT I C S U B M A C U L A R
HEMORRHAGE; MFERG; OCT
P 07-5
WHICH DEATHS COULD BE PREVENTED AND HOW?
AN ANALYSIS OF AUTOPSY REPORTS OF DEATHS
ASSOCIATED WITH TRAUMA.
Mehmet Toygar1, Yusuf Emrah Eyi2 , Kenan Karbeyaz3 , Umit
Kaldirim2 , Salim Kemal Tuncer2 , Murat Durusu2
1
Emergency Medicine, Gulhane Military Medical Academy,
Ankara, Turkey; 2Forensic Medicine, Gulhane Military Medical
Academy, Ankara, Turkey; 3Forensic Medicine, Council of
Forensic Medicine, Eskisehir, Turkey
KEYWORDS
T R A U M A ; P R E V E N TA B L E D E AT H ;
AUTOPSY
P 07-6
MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR DNA
DECONTAMINATION OF CLINICAL FORENSIC
EXAMINATION SUITES AND EQUIPMENT
John Gall1,2,3
1
Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne,
Melbourne, Australia; 2Victorian Forensic Paediatric Medical
Service, Royal Children’s Hospital and Monash Medical Centre,
Melbourne, Australia; 3Era Health, Southern Medical Services,
Melbourne, Australia
DNA fingerprinting is becoming increasingly sensitive.
To minimise the risk of unintentional contamination of
specimens collected, the clinical forensic practitioner must
implement appropriate cleaning and DNA decontamination
of clinical examination areas and of the equipment used
during any examination. Mindful that cleaning, sterilisation
and DNA decontamination are each different processes, a
generic DNA decontamination process is proposed that is
applicable across jurisdictions and in both dedicated and nondedicated forensic clinical examination suites. This process is
based on the understanding that, in the clinical setting, DNA
contamination may only be minimised, not eliminated. There
are four basic elements to the process : cleaning, selection of
disposables, protection of permanent clinical equipment, and
limiting contamination from the examiner.
Cleaning should be undertaken on a regular basis and also
after each forensic examination. The cleaning should be
undertaken by cleaners wearing gloves and a clean gown
so as not to transfer DNA from other parts of the facility to
the examination room. Preferably, the cleaning equipment
(e.g. mops, cloths, etc) should be dedicated to the forensic
facility and not used elsewhere. Before using, all cleaning
equipment itself should be thoroughly cleaned. Removal
of soiled materials and refuse from examination suites is
essential and either clean linen or new disposable bed, pillow
and other covers used for each examination. It is suggested
that if an appropriate technique is used to collect forensic
513
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
Introduction : This study aimed to research the rate of
preventable deaths and medical errors according to autopsy
reports as an indicator of trauma care quality in traumatic
deaths.
Methods : Traumatic autopsy reports from 2011 and 2012
in Eskişehir, Turkey, were retrospectively examined.
Demographic data of the cases, injury type, injury
mechanism, injury location, ISS values, cause of death and
place of death were recorded. All the deaths were separated
into 3 groups of preventable deaths, potentially preventable
deaths and non-preventable deaths.
Results : A total of 386 traumatic autopsy reports were
examined in the study period. 81.9% (n=316) of cases were
observed to have suffered blunt injury and 18.1% (n=70)
penetrating injury. Death occurred at the scene of the trauma
in 56.7% (n=219) of cases, prehospital in 11.7% (n=45) and
at hospital in 31.6% (n=122). In the preventability analysis,
it was decided that 4.1% (n=16) of cases had the properties
of being preventable, 14.5% (n=56) potentially preventable
and 81.3% (n=314) non-preventable. Suboptimal care was
determined in 65.3% (n=47) and delayed intervention in
58.3% (n=42) of the total cases.
Conclusion : High rates of preventable deaths in the
pre-hospital period, in cases of penetrating injuries and
particularly in cases of chest trauma were evaluated as
noteworthy findings.
WFF2014
specimens, and it is ensured that these specimens never come
directly into contact with any other object or surface, and are
promptly collected and sealed in the appropriate receptacle,
then the need to have DNA-free surfaces is reduced, if not
eliminated. The surfaces to be used to open and rest specimen
collection equipment should be wiped down with a suitable
solution. The choice of this solution will be based upon how
free of DNA that surface needs to be. There may be a choice
between either a 70% alcohol solution or a bleach solution.
The selection of disposables (e.g. swabs, microscope slides,
speculae, gloves, plastic equipment covers/protectors) need
careful consideration. If the disposables are to be DNA-free,
and all disposables used for specimen collection must be,
then certified DNA-free disposables must be used. Sterilised
disposables are not necessarily DNA-free and this includes
the gloves worn by the examiner. Radiation (UV, beta and
gamma), ethylene oxide and sodium hypochlorite will
denature DNA but the process for doing so requires a longer
process than that used for sterilisation or general cleaning.
Equipment such as colposcopes and cameras used during
the examination should have the surfaces touched by the
examiner covered by DNA-free plastic disposable protective
covers or sheets.
Protecting the examiner from contaminating specimens
either with their own DNA or extraneous DNA is essential
within the limitations of appropriate patient management,
particularly in the case of young children. The wearing
of a clean surgical gown and gloves are minimal. The use
of face masks and hair and beard covers is less clear but
recommended.
KEYWORDS DNA DECONTAMINATION; CLINICAL
MEDICINE; FORENSIC
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
P 07-7
FORENSIC IMPACT OF ACCIDENTAL FIREARMS
DEATH DURING JORDANIAN AND SOCIAL SOCIETY
CELEBRATION
Imad (emad) Al-Abdallat
Forensic Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
Objective : This study aims to shed light on a very disturbing
phenomenon which threatens the peace and security of the
whole community in Jordan - the phenomenon of accidental
firearms deaths occurring during celebrations. The study
highlights the forensic and social impact of such deaths
within the capital Amman, and their contribution within
514
firearms deaths generally in the country.
Method : Over a six year period (2008-2013), 116 Cases were
obtained from the archives of three hospitals JUH, prince
Hamza Hospital, prince Fisal Hospital Biological specimens
from these victims were collected. Toxicology screens for
psychoactive drugs and alcohol were conducted on these
specimens and the results were analyzed according to age,
sex, and victim’s status.
KEYWORDS
: FIREARMS; FATALITIES; ACCIDENT
P 07-8
PATIENT’S KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICES ON
INFORMED CONSENT IN MEDICAL PRACTICE
Nirmala Perera1, Paranirubasingam Paranitharan1,
Priyanjith Perera1, D. C. G. a Weerasingha1, Sanjaya
Hulathduwa2
1
Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine,
Ragama, Sri Lanka; 2Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty
of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayawardenepure, Sri
Lanka
Introduction : Informed consent renders doctors’
interference with patients’ bodies legal. It also facilitates
the patients’ decisions by making information regarding
examination, investigation, and treatment procedures, risks
and complications involved and alternative options to the
proposed treatment regime etc. available to them before they
decide to take the plunge. Thus, it empowers patients by
making them partners of therapeutic decision making and
upholds the all important principle of autonomy. However,
the effort to make this theory into practice may have been
hampered by the fact that most of the patients are not aware
of the significance of this concept in underpinning their
autonomy. Therefore, it would be wise for the doctors to
know what their patients think about’informed consent’ in
order it to be more effective as a essential tool in safeguarding
patients’ autonomy and not to treat it as mere license to
interfere with their bodies.
Objective : To determine the patients’ knowledge and
practices on informed consent in medical practice
Methodology : Cross sectional descriptive study was
carried out among 200 patients. Interviewer administered
questionnaire was introduced to randomly selected inward
adult patients.
Results : Out of 200 patients, 44.5% were in age range of 1840 years, 13% had higher education. 85% and 2% had only
secondary and primary education respectively. 95% were
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
aware on the concept of obtaining “consent” before medical
procedures and 49% knew that they were able to revoke their
consent at any time. 43% didn’t understand the procedure but
signed the consent form. 26% signed the document without
reading it. 59.5% signed the consent form not because they
understood it but because they trusted their doctors. 98% of
them discussed with family members before giving consent.
Conclusions : Almost a half of the patients (43%) in this study
signed the consent form without understanding it, probably
because they trusted their doctors or they were too scared
to question the doctor or both. It is primarily the patients’
responsibility not to consent if they do not understand
but it is the doctors’ responsibility to make sure that their
patients understands before they consent. It also shows that
the majority (59.5%) still cherish the good old paternalistic
medicine as they signed the consent form purely on the trust
of their doctors. Almost all of them (98%) were true to the
importance given to the family in Asian cultures as they
discussed with their family before consent.
Finally, this study shows us that the patients need to be
educated about their own rights while appreciating the fact
that the difference in culture makes patients from different
countries to react differently even to universally accepted
ethical concepts.
KEYWORDS
CONSENT; KNOWLEDGE; MEDICAL
PRACTICE
P 07-9
ACCIDENTAL GENITAL TRAUMA IN THE FEMALE
CHILDREN IN JORDAN AND THE ROLE OF FORENSIC
MEDICINE
Objectives : To evaluate the frequency and the nature of
genital trauma in female children in Jordan, and to stress the
role of forensics
Methods : This is a cross-sectional study conducted between
March 2008 and December 2011 in Jordan University
Hospital, Amman, Jordan. Sixty-three female children were
examined for genital trauma after immediate admission.
The age of the female children ranged from 6 months to 14
years old and the average was 5.7 years old. The majority of
the injuries resulted from activities inside the home of the
caregivers while playing and ranging from falling on the edge
of a bed, bathtub, and fell from the stairs.
KEYWORDS
ACCIDENTAL; GENITAL; TRUMA
P 07-10
TEACHING TRAINING OF MEDICS IN SEXUAL
ASSAULT FORENSIC EXAMINATION, REPORTING
AND MULTI-DISCIPLINARY MANAGEMENT IN SRI
LANKA
Anuruddhi Edirisinghe, Indira Kitulwatte
Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine,
University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka
Sexual assault has been criminalized all over the world for
many centuries. But, recognized as a public health issue few
decades ago where multi-disciplinary approach has to be
adapted if to manage the problem successfully. Traditionally
sexually assaulted victims as well as the victims of gender
based violence reported to law enforcement though referred
to a medical doctor for forensic purposes, attending to health
care needs have not been highlighted in Sri Lanka. Medical
curricula also followed the same where sexual assault and
gender based violence were topic of forensic medicine where
management was limited to a compartmentalized referral
system while preventive aspect was hardly touched.
Having identified the need of a multidisciplinary approach in
the management of the sexually abused, professional collages
started to develop examining and management guidelines
while university academics brought changes to the medical
curricula to improve the medical management in Sri Lanka.
Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine,
University of Kelaniya, underwent a complete revision of
the Gender based violence teaching, where the forensic
aspects, understanding gender dimensions and it’s effects
in health care setting and health response in management
and prevention are now taught. Sexual violence teaching
curricular also changed to add the multidisciplinary approach
in the management and the clinical teaching consisted of
introducing national guideline to the undergraduate.
While the existing undergraduate curricular underwent a
revision, the authors developed a student selected component
titled Forensic Examination, reporting and multi-disciplinary
management of the sexually abused where a fourth year
undergraduate is offered extra 30 student contact hours in
this particular area. Further, an assessment consists of MCQs,
OSPEs and OSCE leading to a certificate of successful
515
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
Imad Al-Abdallat
Forensic Medicine and Pathology, The University of Jordan,
Faculty of Medicine, Amman, Jordan
Children were examined for genital trauma after immediate
admission. The mechanism of injury was categorized and
reported by the examiners as either straddle, non-straddle
blunt, or penetrating
WFF2014
completion on those who obtain a C pass or above will be
held. An examination suite of international standard was
developed to facilitate the sexual assault teaching training for
undergraduate and postgraduate education.
SAFE teaching training center Ragama not only offers
teaching and training for medical doctors in the same faculty,
but plans to offer to other Sri Lankan medical faculties as well
as the region. The center also plans to conduct workshops
with practical components to other professionals in the
criminal justice system such as lawyers, officers from the
probation and child care and police officers as short training
workshops.
KEYWORDS T E A C H I N G T R A I N I N G ; F O R E N S I C
EXAMINATION; SEXUAL ASSAULT
P 07-11
EVALUATION OF BURN CASES IN FORENSIC
MEDICINE
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
Cuneyt Cenger1, Suleyman Bademler2 , Yuksel Yazıcı3 ,
Suheyla Aliustaoglu3 , Muhammed Zubeyir Ucuncu2 , Atiye
Sozen1, Haluk Ince1
1
Department of Forensic Medicine, Istanbul Univeristy Istanbul
Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; 2Department of Emergency
Medicine, Istanbul Univeristy Istanbul Medical Faculty,
Istanbul, Turkey; 3Forensic Medicine, Council of Justice
Ministry, Istanbul, Turkey
Introduction : Injuries due to burn are the injuries that require
intensive medical care at hospital level. Patients facing such
life-threatening incidents mostly pass away at the end of these
processes.
Objective : The aim of our study was to introduce the criteria
effecting the deaths due to burn traumas and to categorize
them according to their vital risks.
Materials and Method : At the Department of Emergency
Surgery of Istanbul Medical Faculty, we examined 284 cases
that were under treatment at burn intensive care units between
the years 2004 and 2010 in terms of their sociodemographic
characteristics, burn criteria and treatment problems.
Sociodemographic characteristics and factors that influence
each patient’s outcome were analyzed with mean% ratio and
chi-square test; moreover, the impact of patients’ features on
outcomes were presented statistically.
Results : In our study, 209 (73.6%) were males, 75 (26.4%)
were females. We found that the mean age was 19.95 20.38
years, the mean burn percentage was 33.18 23.82%, the
mean length of stay at hospital was 15.95 15.3 days. Among
516
the reasons of burn, hot water burn ranks first with 123
cases (43.3%), followed by fire burn and electricity burn,
respectively. of the cases, 68.3% (n=194) had 1st and 2nd
degree burn; 25.7% (n=73) of them had 2rd and 3rd degree
burn. While 151 of cases (53.2%) were discharged from
hospital with improved condition, 113 (39.8%) died during
their treatment period. We found that 79.6% (n=90) of the
cases, who died during their treatment period, were males
and 67.1% (n=49) had 2nd and 3rd degree burn. Children
group accounted for 54.1% (n=153) of all cases. There was a
statistical difference found between children and adult groups
in that less number of deaths occurred as a result in children
group, comparing to adult group (p<0, 005). Also, we found
a statistical significance between the children and adult
groups in that 81.7% (n=125) of children group were with
1st and 2nd degree burn and 53.1% of adult group (n=69)
were with 1st and 2nd degree burn (p<0, 000). We found that
88.4% of cases with more than 20% of 2nd and 3rd degree
burn and 75% of them aged 65 and older died during their
treatment period. We determined that all of the cases with
burn percentage of 65% or over died.
Discussion : Burn is a trauma, which threatens burned
person’s life and results in death. It was reported that 20%
of burn cases were treated by being admitted to the hospital.
The patient’s age, burn percentage and degree of burn are
most significant factors that affect mortality and morbidity in
burns.
KEYWORDS
BURN; INJURIES; ISTANBUL
P 07-13
SEXUAL ASSAULTS AND MEDICAL APPROACH
Kenan Kaya, Mete Korkut Gulmen, Ebubekir Burak Celik,
Ahmet Hilal, Necmi Cekin
Department of Forensic Medicine, Çukurova University Faculty
of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
Sexual abuse can be accompanied with physical force,
threatening, horrifying, drugging and / or misuse of the
consents such as the unable ones to give consent because of
their underage and / or mental disease. It is a major problem
in all over the world as well as our country. The sexual abuse
cases have always multiple dimensions, such as the point
of view of the expertise system, legal approaches, medical
and social handling of the cases, statements and interviews,
evaluation of the case history and examination of the victim.
Family supports are of valuable as also the physician, social
life and rehabilitation. The protection and prevention of the
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
KEYWORDS S E X U A L A B U S E ; E X A M I N AT I O N ;
CLINICAL LEGAL MEDICINE
P 07-14
GERIATRIC TRAUMAS IN THE JUDICIAL REPORTS
OF ADANA, TURKEY
Kenan Kaya, Mete Korkut Gulmen, Eren Akgunduz,
Ebubekir Burak Celik, Ahmet Hilal, Necmi Cekin
Department of Forensic Medicine, Çukurova University Faculty
of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
Senility is a process which must be evaluated with different
dimensions of physical, psychological and social manners.
Senility in physiological dimension represents changes seen
with chronological ages; chronologic senility is defined as
being over age 65. 7, 4% of the Turkish population are over
65 now and estimated to be 12% in the year of 2020. Geriatric
traumas are the fifth cause of death in between the people
over 65 years in western societies.
121 cases had been evaluated retrospectively in between the
years of 2010 – 2012 who are traumatized aged, over 65, at
our department. These cases are classified as early elderly
period (65-74), as middle aged elderly period (75-84) and as
late elderly period (over 85). 90 of the cases (74.3%) were
in the first group, while 29 (24%) were in the second and
the rest two cases (1.7%) were in the last portion. 59.5% of
the cases were male. 112 cases (92.5%) were sent by police
departments. 69 cases (57%) had blunt traumas, 40 (33%)
cases had traffic accident injuries, only five stabbing cases
(4.2%) had been noticed. Firearm injuries were only two
cases (1.6%). 45 cases (37.2%) had head – neck lesions,
36 of the cases (29.8%) had extremity traumas while 24 of
cases (19.8%) had injuries on both regions. 25 cases (20.6%)
could not be cured by simple medical care. Eight of the cases
(6.6%) had serious life threatening injuries. Permanent scar
in the face had noticed in 6 cases (4.9%). Bone fraction and
injuries occurred in 21 of the cases (17.3%) and eight of them
were seriously severe and caused malfunctions.
Turkish penal code asks the scores of the traumas from
the medical care people especially from the clinical legal
medicine specialists. After the medical evaluations, the
clinical legal medicine specialists write an official judicial
report to the court. These reports and evaluations have of
importance in our legal system in means of protecting the
victims.
Geriatric trauma cases are quite different from the most of
the other age group of trauma cases. Its predisposing factors
are mostly preventable. We had evaluated the demographic
data of these trauma cases and injury severities. Precautions
had been noticed and alerted as in a part of the preventive
medicine. Blunt trauma ratio records show us that violence
is much more frequent than expected and it is much more
important problem than traffic accidents.
It is a universal understanding and attitude as a part of
to develop better efforts to prevent the violence and its
consequences against the elderly abuse.
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IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
victim from a second insult is also very important. Forensic
sciences and medicine plays extremely important role during
all those processes. Studies show that sexual abuse occurs
almost in every minute and one out of every five women are
exposing to one kind of sexual assault until the age of 21 in
USA.
154 cases had been evaluated at our department in between
the dates of October 2012 and January 2014. The ages varied
as in groups such as 0-12, 12-15, 15-18 and over the age of
18. The majority of the cases (46.7%) were in the 12 – 15
age group. 25.9% were aged as 15 – 18 and 15.6% were over
the age of 18. Only 11.8% were under 12 years of age. The
youngest victim was seven years old while the oldest one was
27 years old.
135 cases (87.7%) were female and only 19 of the cases
(12.3%) were male. 66 cases (42.8%) had been examined for
second time while 88 cases (57.2%) had come to our unit for
the first time. 60 cases (39%) have been abused repetitively.
94 cases (61%) defined that they have been abused for the
first time. Way of the abuse is evaluated via history taken
from victim and demand letter sent to us by facilities. It is
claimed that 94 cases (61%) had been abused vaginally while
40 cases (26%) had been abused anally, and 20 cases (13%)
had been abused both vaginally and anally.
When we analyze the abusers’ profiles in majority of the cases
(87%), the victim knows the perpetrator long before the event
happens. Violent findings accompanied with sexual abuse in
14 cases (9.1%).
The sexual assault victims should not be traumatized
repeatedly by clinicians as well as the official authorities. The
major point should be the victim’s higher benefit and it should
always be protected. The social life and the environment
should always provide to a person, a complete organized
examination right, also victim’s legal requirements should
kept as a human right issue. The governments should also
provide powerful social support facilities and powerful
state which can protect and also support these victims. The
victims’ should always feel that their healthy growth will
be provided by their government and their physicians. The
medicals and legal experts should support the victims both
physically, mentally and socially.
WFF2014
GERIATRIC TRAUMA; JUDICIAL REPORT;
ELDERLY ABUSE
KEYWORDS
motorcycle crashes, the helmet must be examined by forensic
science experts, as if the helmet must be tested and it must
be revealed that wounds caused by the nature of crash or
weakness of helmet.
P 07-15
INVESTIGATION OF KNOWLEDGE LEVEL ABOUT
MOTORCYCLE HELMETS AND HEAD INJURIES
AMONG MOTORCYCLE RIDERS IN TURKEY
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
Ali Rıza Tumer1, M.serif Yildirim1, Okan Alp2 , Aykut Lale1,
Aysun Balseven Odabasi1
1
Forensic Medicine, Hacettepe Universty, Ankara, Turkey;
2
Turkish Motorcycle Federation, Motorcycle Federations,
Ankara, Turkey
Background : Motorcycle accidents are important problems
those often cause head trauma and fatality all over the
world. Therefore, in many countries, that is a necessity
which determined by the laws, for motorcyclists to wear a
helmet. However that is not sufficent to mandate only by
law. Protective activity of helmet is eliminated by using nonstandard helmets. In countries where helmet standards are
not checked, it is a problem to know if the helmet is blocking
the injury as it should be or the helmet is directly causing the
injury.
Objective : Our study is aiming to discuss forensic experts’
duties to identify and correct the condition in a country which
non-standard helmets sold freely and in traffic controls just
having of helmet is checked.
Method : In our study, we applied a questionnaire to 930
persons which are motorcyclists, driving school instructors
and driving school students and results of questionnaire have
been discussed with literature findings.
Results : 1% (n=7) of the participants stated that they are not
wearing a helmet and 5% (n=47) of the participants stated
that they are wearing helmet sometimes. 59% (n=32) of
them have stated that “because of feeling uncomfortable with
helmet” for the reason of not wearing helmet. If we look at the
costs, 33% (n=305) of the participants have stated that they
spent insufficient money to purchase a standard helmet. 89%
(n=827) of the participants are using full-face helmets. 82%
(n=762) of the participants have no idea about the features
and layers of an ideal motorcycle helmet. 13% (n=118) of the
participants is not controlling if the helmet exists an emblem
that shows the helmet is a standard helmet or not.
Discussion and conclusion : Because most of motorcyclers
haven’t got sufficient information about motorcycle helmets,
as the naturel result of that, it is probable that motorcyclists
buy motorcyle helmets that is not enough to protect them
from damage or harm themselves with it. Also wounds after
518
KEYWORDS
MOTORCYCLE; HELMETS; HEAD
INJURIES
P 07-16
THE RESOLUTION ON THE MELTING OF “ICEBERG
PHENOMENON” IN CHILD SEXUAL ASSAULT AND
CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE IN INDONESIA.
Evi Untoro
Forensic and Medicolegal, Sentra Medika Cibinong Hospital,
Cibinong, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
Childhood should be the best moment of every human in
this world. Childhood should be filled with joy, happiest
moments, and time of learning of the religion, moral, ethic,
and all things of education. But unfortunately not every
child in this world can have that completely during their
period of childhood. The safe environment for the children
is often forgotten by the adult and the spesial people
around them (”the parents”). They still got the behaviour
on them by the people surround sometimes sexual assault
or sexual abuse. In this 2014, we can see the melting of the
“iceberg phenomenon” on this issue in Indonesia. Where
there is an international school in Jakarta, got open the case
and the other cases open time by time, month by months
ahead, getting bigger and wider, and increasing numbers
of child victims and perpetrators (”Predators)”. Indonesian
Children Protection (KPAI) have already aware on this issue
since 2012, and on June 2014 the President of Republic
of Indonesia : Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (SBY) have
declared “The National Movement Against Child Sexual
Abuse”, that calling on the Government, related institutions,
experts, teachers, women and child organizations, the press,
business people and local communities to be more active
in protecting children from “sex predators”. The movement
includes raising awareness, immediate legal action and
tough penalties, as well rehabilitation for the victims. Also
the need to immediatealy revise the 2002 Indonesian Child
Protection Law in Indonesia to appy harsher punishment
for child predators. The Clinical Forensic Medicine Experts
also should have the awareness on examination, collaborate
with Psychiatrist, Psychologist, and others affiliations and
making the best conclusion on the reports for the Judge in
court to plead guilty the “predators”. Nevertheless, we are
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
all responsible in providing safe and secure environment for
children to enable them grow up healthy. The chidlren are our
future.
KEYWORDS C H I L D S E X U A L A B U S E ; I C E B E R G
PHENOMENON; INDONESIAN CHILD PROTECTION
LAW
POSTER PRESENTATION 08
- Minor Essential Revisions
Each figure and table description should be followed
after’Figure xx.’ and’Table yy.’
In Table 3., all values for RSD should be positive.
Korean in some figures should be typed in English.
For the expression of some oxides, subscripts should be
unified.
Figs 9-11, 20 need descriptions.
Figure 14 does not exist.
KEYWORDS SOIL; XRD; CANONICAL DISCRIMINANT
ANALYSIS
FINGERPRINT / SCENE INVESTIGATION (FPR/SI)
P 08-1
P 08-3
FORENSIC SOIL ANALYSIS
APPLICATION OF FULL SPECTRUM PHOTOGRAPHY
APPARATUS IN FORENSIC SCIENCE
Kiwook Kim, Sanchul Huh
Chemical Analysis, National Forensic Service, Wonju, Korea
(South)
Spectral imaging is a novel approach in forensic science
that combines the advantages of two established optical
modalities, imaging and spectroscopy. Spectral images are
acquired in visible and infrared wavelength region with
setups based on liquid crystal tunable filters.Spectral imaging
has been a rapidly growing field with applications in forensic
science. However, the spectral imaging Instrument is very
expensiveandso full spectrum photography apparatus has
been used to photograph physical evidenceas described in
this paper. Full Spectrum Photography apparatus adopts the
advanced module integrated new technology, solving the
defects of spectral range being wide and less of traditional
filter. Full spectrum photography apparatus applies the
full spectrum CCD receiving imaging system. In order to
meet the technical requirement of photographing physical
evidence to get a better effect, the Full spectrum photography
apparatus is equipped with high resolution digital CCD of full
band on the basis of original high resolution and sensitivity
CCD, outputting 25 frames per second to ensure the capture
of high qualityimages. The CCD spectral response range
is from 190 nm to1000 nm. Experimental were conducted
to demonstrate the ability of Full Spectrum Photography
apparatus in developing images ofdifficult physical evidence.
This Photography Instrument can successfully solve various
physical evidence such as fingerprints, writing material, trace
evidence and biologic evidence, and so on. According to the
results of experiment, Full Spectrum Photography Instrument
has strong capabilities in the forensic science field.
519
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
Please use this only for comments that might be helpful in the
final decision of the editors.
Do not repeat the comments in your review for the authors.
Reviewer’s report for the authors
Please divide your comments into :
- Major Compulsory Revisions
The author must respond to these before a decision on
publication can be reached
For example, additional necessary data, statistical mistakes,
errors in interpretation.
- Minor Essential Revisions
Each figure and table description should be followed
after’Figure xx.’ and’Table yy.’
In Table 3., all values for RSD should be positive.
Korean in some figures should be typed in English.
For the expression of some oxides, subscripts should be
unified.
Figs 9-11, 20 need descriptions.
Figure 14 does not exist.
Please use this only for comments that might be helpful in the
final decision of the editors.
Do not repeat the comments in your review for the authors.
Reviewer’s report for the authors
Please divide your comments into :
- Major Compulsory Revisions
The author must respond to these before a decision on
publication can be reached
For example, additional necessary data, statistical mistakes,
errors in interpretation.
Xuejing Dai, Fuyao Wang
Forensic Science Technology, China Criminal Police University,
Shenyang, China
WFF2014
FULL SPECTRUM; PHOTOGRAPHY
APPARATUS; PHYSICAL EVIDENCE
KEYWORDS
P 08-5
FORENSIC INVESTIGATION PLAY AN IMPORTANT
ROLE TO SOLVE THE SUICIDE CASES
Dr. Mukesh Sharma
Senior Scientific Officer, Physics Division, State Forensic
Science Laboratory, Jaipur (rajasthan), India
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
Hanging is the simplest yet highly effective suicide method
India : most people who hang themselves die as a result. In
police death cases investigation ignored the investigation
throughly, which may be true or may not be & should
be proved and established by proper scientifically based
investigation.
In some cases an excessive amount of external and internal
neck injury were observed and some time possibly with a
fracture of the cricoid cartilage which distinctly uncommon
from the hanging pattern. There may also be defensive type of
injuries, or an inconsistent pattern of lividity on the neck. The
forensic investigator and medical jurist may reflect strangled
person who was subsequently placed into a hanging position
to simulate a suicide, or another person who was intentionally
hanged. Complete hanging is considered as suicidal in nature,
unless otherwise proved. Partial hanging is considered as
suicidal, there is no 2nd thought.
Through the paper, we have reported about four case of
hanging with culture of observation point, clear the doubt of
the bystanders and the investigating officer at the spot. The
forensic investigation is always plays vital roles will also
being reported through the examples reported in this cases
study.
KEYWORDS
FORENSIC INVESTIGATION; SUICIDE;
Defense and Security Program (2012-2015) Project financed
by The National Centre for Research and Development in
Poland.
Our Project aims to combine the advances in imaging
technology and 3D data processing techniques to establish a
complex system not only to register and document but also to
analyze, reconstruct and finally to visualize in 3D the crime
scene with particular focus on bloodstains.
The presented system will be able to preserve the crime scene
and generate a 3D model from the digital data that can be
used for further analysis with the dedicated software provided
with the system. The specialized analyzer module for
bloodstains will provide’ forensic experts with an opportunity
to perform precise, quick and objective assessment. In
addition, the implemented bloodstains database will support
the expert in determining the mechanism for generation of
the bloodstains at the scene. This solution will be capable
of presenting the distribution and layout of stains in an
unambiguous, trustworthy and objective way. These are
crucial factors to draw the right conclusions about the origin
mechanisms of bloodstains. The goal of the system is to assist
law enforcement in investigative processes and facilitate
subsequent legal process that rely on the forensic evidence.
Innovative features of the system :
- r eplacement of subjective situational sketches and
traditional photography with digital 3D data,
- reconstruction of the crime scene in 3D virtual reality that
retains highly accurate modelling of relevant details,
- opportunity for experts to draw conclusions based on
object-oriented data, even without appearing personally at
the crime scene,
- complex nature of the technological idea starting from
hardware and software solutions through database
design, to conclude with prototype tests and training and
instruction of the end users.
KEYWORDS
BPA; CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION;
HANGING
SCANNER
P 08-6
P 08-7
RECONSTRUCTION OF THE COURSE OF EVENTS
BASED ON BLOODSTAIN PATTERN ANALYSIS
THE TECHNICAL METHODS OF BOMBING SCENES
INVESTIGATION IN CHINA
Piotr Girdwoyn1, Tadeusz Tomaszewski1, Robert Sitnik2
1
Chair of Criminalistics, Faculty of Law, University of Warsaw,
Warsaw, Poland; 2Institute of Micromechanics and Photonics,
Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
Lihong Chen, Hongguo Zhang, Yanchun Zhang
Key Laboratory of Impression Evidence Examination and
Identification Technology, China Criminal Police University,
Shenyang, China
The poster has been based on the project realized as a part of
Although the numbers of the cases had decreased since the
520
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
year of 2001 in china, but substantial numbers of civilians
have continued to be injured and killed in china because of
bombing cases, its effects were remain quite deeply. The
bombing scenes are vital to find truths of explosion cases.
The technical methods of bombing scenes investigation are
quite vital. They include methods of explosive devices preblast and bombing scenes post-blast investigation. As for
pre-blast scene, we should destroy explosive device after
transferred safely it when it has been moved or it may cause
large damage. If the explosive devices were found to be
electricity detonation devices by X-ray detector, which often
has complex components. For these explosion devices, we’d
better to destroy them immediately. Compared to explosive
devices which have simple components, we may use
technician to dismantle of them. In the other hand, as for postblast scene, we should do the things as following : seal off the
scene and establish security; rescue victims and extinguish
fire; document the scene; photograph/videotape the scene;
locate and interview victims and witnesses; process evidence
at the scene; complete and record the scene investigation.
KEYWORDS INVESTIGATION; BOMBING SCENES;
EXPLOSIVE DEVICES
P 08-8
FACILE USE OF NIR-RESPONSIVE NAYF4:YB, ER
UPCONVERSION FLUORESCENT NANOPARTICLES
FOR SENSITIVE, EFFICIENT AND NON-TOXIC
DETECTION OF LATENT FINGERMARKS IN
FORENSIC SCIENCE
Meng Wang
Department of Trace Examination, National Police University of
China, Shenyang, China
521
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
A fingermark constitutes one of the most powerful traces that
can be exploited as evidence for the identity of individuals
since it represents the ridge skin pattern of an individual’s
finger. The most commonly found fingermarks at crime
scenes typically are latent. So far, many techniques of
fingermark development have been developed by fingerprint
scientists, including powder dusting, ninhydrin spraying,
iodine fuming, cyanoacrylate fuming, and silver nitrate
soaking. However, these traditional techniques still face
serious problems in developing latent fingermarks, such
as low detection sensitivity, high background interference,
complex operation, and high toxicity. Therefore, there is a
pressing need in creating a simple method in developing
latent fingermarks with high-sensitivity, low-background,
high-efficiency, and low-toxicity, which is the long-term goal
for forensic scientists.
Recently, the use of fluorescent nanoparticles (NPs) for the
development of latent fingermarks has attracted significant
research interest in forensic science, due to their unique
physical and chemical properties such as small particle
size, large surface area, good photochemical stability, and
high fluorescent intensity. Fluorescent upconversion NPs
(UCNPs) can convert a longer wavelength radiation (e.g.,
near-infrared light) into a shorter wavelength emission (e.g.,
visible light) via a two-photon or multi-photon mechanism.
They can emit strong visible fluorescence, suggesting its
possible use in reaching a high sensitivity and a high contrast
in latent fingermark development through fluorescence
imaging. The excitation of UCNPs often requires nearinfrared (NIR) radiation, thus the background interference
can be avoided due to the absence of autofluorescence
from the substrate. Compared with the UV radiation, the
NIR radiation with lower energy is non-toxic and often
desired in biomedical imaging, indicating it is less harmful
to the skin and eyes of the operators as well as the DNA in
fingermark residuals when applied to develop fingermarks.
In addition, UCNPs also have prominent advantages, such
as narrow emission peak, large Stokes shifts, good chemical/
physical stability, and low toxicity. Therefore, UC NPs are
promising alternatives to traditional fluorescent NPs for latent
fingermark development.
Here, for the first time we report the use of NaYF4 : Yb, Er
UCNPs as a novel fluorescent label in the latent fingermark
development. These UCNPs with uniform size and strong
fluorescent intensity were synthesized via a solvothermal
approach. The as-prepared NaYF4 : Yb, Er UCNPs were
characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM),
X-ray diffraction (XRD), and fluorescence spectroscopy.
The use of NaYF4 : Yb, Er UCNPs for the development of
latent fingermarks on various smooth substrates, such as
glass, ceramic tiles, marble, polymer materials, aluminum
foils, aluminum alloys sheets, stainless steel sheets, wood
floor, floor leather, and printing paper, were systematically
studied. Due to the use of UCNPs to develop the fingermarks,
the friction ridge details of fingermarks on various smooth
substrates could be clearly defined without background
staining or color distraction under the excitation of humansafe NIR light, resulting in good contrast for enhanced
fingermark development. This work demonstrates that the
NaYF4 : Yb, Er UCNPs can serve as novel fingermark
development reagents and exhibit very good performances
for the latent fingermark development with high-sensitivity,
low-background, high-efficiency, and low-toxicity.
WFF2014
UPCONVERSION; FINGERMARK
DEVELOPMENT; NANOPARTICLES
KEYWORDS
P 08-9
APPLYING OF TIRE TRACE IN TRAFFIC ACCIDENT
ANALYSIS AND IDENTIFICATION
Yi Jin
Department of Trace Examination Technology, National Police
University of China, Shenyang, China
Tire trace as common traces in traffic accident scene, plays
a very important role in analyzing and identifying the
traffic accident. In this paper, the technical methods of trace
identification and its value of application were analyzed
and summarized in accordance with cases. First, the types
of tire traces existing in traffic accident scene and their
forming principle are introduced and analyzed. Then the
corresponding examination methods of tire trace and their
application value are analyzed and concluded, including tire
traces on road, human skin and dress. Finally, the problems
of trace identification and comprehensive analysis of types of
traces were discussed in accordance with cases. The research
shows that a comprehensive examination and analysis of
tire traces can provide a strong basis for identifying the
suspicion vehicle and analyzing the cause and process of the
accident, so as to help handle the traffic accident. Because
of the particularity and complexity of traffic accident, trace
identification methods of different cases should be flexibly
analyzed and used.
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
KEYWORDS T I R E T R A C E ; T R A F F I C A C C I D E N T;
IDENTIFICATION
P 08-10
ENHANCING BLACK MAGNETIC POWDER
DEVELOPED FINGERPRINTS BY USING INFRARED
PHOTOGRAPHY
Chuntao Chen
Forensic Science and Technology, Jiangsu Police Institute,
Nanjing, China
Magnetic powder is frequently used in latent fingerprint
development because of its wide range of flexibility. It
can also be used after cyanoacrylate fuming to improve
contrast. However, it is usually difficult to lift the developed
fingerprints when applying magnetic powder to multicolored
522
paper or textured surfaces. In those conditions, because of the
interference from substrates, normal photography methods
are also failing. In this paper, infrared reflection photography
is employed to reduce unwanted background patterns
of fingerprints developed with black magnetic powder.
Experiments are carried out on several kinds of typical
difficult surfaces and the impressive results demonstrate the
effectiveness of this method.
FINGERPRINT DEVELOPMENT; INFRARED
PHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETIC POWDER
KEYWORDS
P 08-11
CURRENT SITUATION OF BOMBING SCENE
INVESTIGATION IN CHINA
Zhang Hongguo1, Chen Lihong1, Zhang Yanchun1, Yanlei Li2
1
Key Laboratory of Impression Evidence Examination and
Identification Technology, China Criminal Police University,
Shenyang, China; 2The Institute of Forensic Science,
Shijiazhuang Municipal Bureau of Public Security, Shijiazhuang,
China
The investigation conducted at the scene of bombing plays
a vital role in uncovering the truth about the incident. The
evidence recovered can be critical in identifying, charging,
and ultimately convicting suspected criminals. More than
1000 bombing cases happened in china were collected. A
survey of Bombing Scene investigation in china leads to
the following findings : 1) Investigators are not experienced
in the investigation of explosions and not familiar with the
guide for bombing scene investigation. 2) Initial Responders
ignore secondary explosive devices designed specifically to
kill or maim public safety responders. 3) Investigators are not
acquainted with methods of obtain evidence and the analysis
of evidence gathered. How to resolve these problems was
researched. China National Police University can provide
professional training in the area of bombing investigation
according to training criteria developed and approved by
ministry of public security. We, as teacher, dedicated to
improving the level of explosion and bombing investigations
and ensured that proper procedures are used to locate,
identify, collect, and preserve valuable evidence so that it
can be examined to produce the most useful and effective
information.
KEYWORDS BOMBING; SCENE INVESTIGATION;
EVIDENCE
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
P 08-12
P 08-13
THE COMBUSTION OF A FEMALE BODY
POSSIBILITY OF LATENT FINGERMARKS
DETECTION AND VISUALIZATION USING THERMAL
ASSISTED MAILLARD REACTION
Youngsu Kong, Youngjin Cho, Keonwoo Joh, Seokhyun
Yoon, Jeamo Goh
Physical Engineering, Gwangju Institute, National Forensic
Service, Jeonnam, Korea (South)
HUMAN COMBUSTION; BURNED FEMALE
BODY; BURN PATTERN
KEYWORDS
Background : Maillard reaction, which is also called
nonenzymatic browning reaction, is the condensation
reaction of amino acids and reduced sugars to form brown
pigments via polymerization processes. It is also known
that the reaction is accelerated by heating. Since eccrine
fingermarks contain amino acids, there is a possibility that
Maillard reaction assisted by thermal development can be
used to detect and visualize latent fingermarks.
Purpose : To examine whether the thermal assisted Maillard
reaction is practical or not in latent fingermarks detection and
visualization.
Chemicals : Acetone (JIS Special Grade) and
Dihydroxyacetone (DHA) dimer (Wako 1st Grade) were
purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries. Ltd. (Tokyo,
Japan). Purified water was purchased from Seiki Chemical
industrial incorporated company (Tokyo Japan). A reagent
used Maillard reaction was prepared to add acetone 95 mL
to 0.5 M DHA dimer water solution 5 mL. As a control
experiment, 0.5% w/v ninhydrin acetone solution was also
used.
Samples : Fingerprints and palm prints were deposited on
separate white, high-quality papers. The reagent was applied
on the half of each sample. After drying the samples, the
samples were heated with an iron (A-LT41, Sanyo Electric
Co. Ltd., Osaka, Japan) at about 167 ºC for 10 seconds.
Fluorescence measurements : A 150 W halogen lamp and
a CW 532nm green laser (TracER 532nm 8W; Coherent
Corporation, Santa Clara, USA) were used as excitation
light sources. A portable hyperspectral imager was used in
measuring reflection spectra and/or fluorescence ones.
Results : Maillard reaction accelerated by thermal
development results in browning of latent fingermarks and
523
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
A burned female body is found in 2013 in GoChang, Korea.
The female body is extensively burned with significant
portions of its chest, abdomen and upper legs, left arm,
including the muscles and bones, with comparatively much
less damage to the head, right arm, lower legs and feet.
And the wood furniture such as table and chairs around the
burned female body are undamaged and only the part in
direct contact with the burned female body is incinerated.
Also there is a can of matches next to the female body. The
features of such combustion are shown like the burn pattern
of “spontaneous human combustion”.
According to the reported cases, there are a number of
features in common :
- s ubstantial combustion of the torso with extensive
combustion of the chest, abdomen, pelvis, genital area
and upper legs leaving the head, arms, lower legs and feet
largely intact,
- There is often no apparent source of ignition and fire
seem to have been generated spontaneously without any
observable source of ignition in the vicinity of the victims,
- The external source of fire often disappears during the
combustion process, explaining the absence of an obvious
source of ignition when the body is found,
- Surroundings are usually left intact : when the body burns
in a room, furniture and appliances are undamaged. The
combustion is confined to the body, clothes and other
object in immediately contact with it, while the room
furnishings are undamaged by flames, they are often coated
with an oily or greasy brown residue,
- The fire is usually discovered after going out on its own,
when relatives or friends or neighbours come looking for
the victim or because of the smoke or smell.
- fire has never been discovered while still burning and no
one has ever actually witnessed people catching fire and
burning to death without apparent cause.
Therefore, a case of a burned female body shown features
very similar to “spontaneous human combustion” is reported.
Kazuhito Hibino1, Shigeki Takeuchi2 , Osamu Shimoda3 ,
Masahisa Takatsu4 , Norimitsu Akiba5 , Kenji Kurosawa5 ,
Kenro Kuroki5 , Atsushi Nakamura6 , Takayuki Sota6
1
Identification Division, National Police Agency, Tokyo,
Japan; 2Forensic Science Laboratory, Gifu Prefectural Police
Headquarters, Gifu, Japan; 3Forensic Science Laboratory,
Hyogo Prefectural Police Headquarters, Kobe, Japan; 4Water
Quality Management Center, Public Enterprises Agency of
Hyogo Prefecture, Kobe, Japan; 5Physics Section, National
Research Institute of Police Science, Kashiwa, Japan; 6
Department of Electrical Engineering and Bioscience, Waseda
University, Tokyo, Japan
WFF2014
the resultant marks fluoresced strongly under the green laser
and the brown color could be recognized by naked eyes.
While, latent fingermarks exposed to heat alone was not
recognized by naked eyes but fluoresced weakly by the green
laser. When heat treatment was absent, the followings were
found. Maillard reaction was recognized only by fluorescence
by the green laser.
Conclusion : It is known that the thermal development of
fingermark on paper was at least as sensitive as ninhydrin.
Thermal assisted Maillard reaction development by use of
DHA was considered to be superior to thermal development.
KEYWORDS
M A I L L A R D R E A C T I O N ;
D I H Y D R O X YA C E T O N E ; F L U O R E S C E N C E
FINGERMARKS
P 08-14
CREATION OF ARTIFICIAL LATENT FINGERPRINTS
BASED ON AMINO ACIDS
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
Ingi Hong, Aleum Han, Jin Yi Seo, Juyoung Namgung,
Yunseok Ok, Sungwook Hong
Graduate School of Forensic Sciences, Soonchunhyang
University, Asan-Si, Korea (South)
The development and enhancement of latent fingerprints
from paper has been one of the most challenging subjects for
forensic scientists. Many forensic scientists have developed
latent fingerprint processing methods using various
chemicals and techniques, which has led to great advances
in the field. To assess newly developed methods against the
current establishment, forensic scientists need two or more of
latent fingerprints that are identical in chemical composition
and intensity. However, in reality, getting these fingerprints
is impossible because fingerprinting methods are always at
least slightly different. In order to overcome this difficulty,
researchers divided one latent fingerprint into two or more
sections for testing sample preparation. However, such a
method does not produce identical fingerprints because –
at least – the pressure applied to a surface and the amount
of sweat at each section is not identical. Schwarz suggested
an artificial fingerprinting printing method using an inkjet
printer as a means of replacing real fingerprints for testing.
Schwarz created artificial fingerprints by replacing inkjet
ink with amino acids and sodium chloride; the ingredients
of human sweat. However, he did not add divalent cations
while creating the artificial sweat. Human sweat contains
divalent cations such as Zn, Ca and Mg. These divalent
cations can influence on the fluorescence of ninhydrine and
524
it’s analogues. Thus we formulated a more realistic artificial
sweat by adding Zn, Ca and Mg.
Controlling the amount of artificial sweat printed is also an
important topic of study because fingerprints found at the
crime scene normally have variable levels of sweat. Some
fingerprints are intensely pressed and some are not. In order
to control the intensity of a printed fingerprint, Schwarz
prepared number of inkjet cartridges filled with artificial
sweat of different concentrations. However, this method
cannot mimic the variable intensity of real latent fingerprints
that is determined by the applied pressure and the amount of
sweat, not by the concentration of sweat. In this study, we
controlled the intensity of artificial fingerprints by changing
the “shadow output” option while in grayscale mode using
Adobe Photoshop CS5. Using this method we were able
to produce six types of artificial fingerprints, each having
different intensities.
To confirm the usability of the newly created artificial
fingerprints, we treated the printed artificial fingerprints
with iodine, ninhydrin, 1, 2-indandione, diazafluorenone,
5-methylthioninhydrin and silver nitrate, respectively. Our
results confirm that the artificial fingerprints more closely
mimic real fingerprint in intensity.
This method is useful not only for developing new fingerprint
processing methods, but the results of this study may also be
useful for the preparation of latent fingerprints for proficiency
tests by printing numerous identical latent fingerprints.
KEYWORDS ARTIFICIAL FINGERPRINT; AMINO ACID;
FINGERPRINT MODEL
P 08-15
CASE REPORT : USING CRIMINAL INTELLIGENCE
INTEGRATION AND PHYSICAL EVIDENCE
EXAMINATION TO SOLVE CRIME CASE
Yen-Cheng Ho, Tai-Hung Chen, Shih-Chiang Cho, Nu-En
Huang
Forensic Science Centre, New Taipei City Police Department,
New Taipei City, Taiwan
Physical evidence is one of the most common types of
evidence presented in the crime scene. It also constitutes
the major part of the application of forensic science to the
criminal justice system. Analysis of it often yields useful
information to reconstruct crime scenes, solve crimes,
free the innocent and bring the guilty to justice. Generally,
physical evidence is collected not only from the crime scene
but also from suspect and victim. The main purpose of the
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
analysis of physical evidence is to establish the relationship
between crime scene, suspect and victim. Another important
aspect of evidence such as fingerprints and DNA is to identify
individuals, so as to confirm or exclude suspects.
A complexity of criminal cases was in April 2013, New
Taipei City, Taiwan, which were involved hit-and-run traffic
accident, motor vehicle theft and larceny. In this case, a
damaged motorcycle, van drivers (suspects) and victims
(dead) were all disappeared; there were only a badly damaged
stolen van and some fragments of motorcycle left on this
scene. Moreover, the original traffic accident scene has been
destroyed by heavy rain and someone on purpose. No one
knew what’s happened, who are suspects and where are
they? Fortunately, crime scene investigators collected critical
DNA and fingerprints samples from damaged van to identify
suspects. After searching national DNA and fingerprints
databases, one DNA sample was match one suspect’s DNA
profile and one fingerprints sample was match another
suspect. It was also found that this DNA profile was linked to
6 motor vehicle theft cases of DNA sample and those cases
had similar Modus operandi (M.O.), including this case. This
means those cases were committed by the same suspect.
Therefore, we can identify and confirm these two suspects
were involved in this case. The next tough task was how to
find them. After 4 days tracking by Closed-Circuit Television
(CCTV) information, they were arrested by the Police Force
and pleaded their guilty due to those physical evidences
and criminal information. Moreover, the hit-and-run traffic
accident has also been reconstructed via above information.
Overall, this case report was shown that intelligence
integration of physical evidence identification, Modus
operandi (M.O.) analysis and tracking CCTV information is
a viable way to solve crime and bring the guilty to justice.
Therefore, a successful crime scene investigation is not
only the work of physical evidence examination but also the
combination of criminal intelligence integration in Taiwan.
Artificial fingerprints made using artificial sweat helps
to facilitate fingerprint research. It allows fingerprint
researchers to prepare a number of identical latent fingerprint
for comparisons, that would be impossible to find naturally.
Schwarz was the first to prepare an artificial fingerprint based
on artificial sweat using an inkjet printer with an artificial
sweat concoction. In order to evaluate the homogeneity of
printed artificial fingerprints, Schwarz measured the printer
cartridge case weight-loss before and after printing. However,
this method could not directly prove the homogeneity of
artificial fingerprints because artificial sweat printed by an
inkjet printer may be sprayed unevenly on a surface while the
total weight loss is the same.
In this study, we directly evaluated the validity of artificial
fingerprints using an Automated Fingerprint Identification
System (AFIS). We printed number of test artificial
fingerprints using Schwarz’s artificial sweat creation method.
The intensity of artificial fingerprints was maintained by
adjusting the “shadow output” option while in grayscale
mode using Adobe Photoshop CS5. After printing, the
artificial latent fingerprints were developed by conventional
fingerprint developing reagents; Iodine, Ninhydrin, DFO,
5-MTN, 1, 2-IND and silver nitrate. The homogeneity
of latent fingerprints printed with the same intensities
was compared both manually and with AFIS. This study
confirmed the homogeneity of artificial fingerprints that
were printed using Schwartz’s method. The result of this
work can be a base for new fingerprint processing method
development, and preparation of fingerprint proficiency test
samples.
KEYWORDS ATIFICIAL FINGERPRINT; AMINO ACID;
FINGERPRINT
THE RESEARCH OF USINGTHE WHOLE BAND OF
CCD DIGITAL CAMERA TO EXTRACT THE LATENT
FINGERPRINTS ON DIFFERENT VARIETY OF
ADHESIVE TAPES
P 08-16
HOMOGENEITY CONFIRMATION OF AMINO ACIDBASED ARTIFICIAL LATENT FINGERPRINTS WITH
AN AUTOMATED FINGERPRINT IDENTIFICATION
SYSTEM
Ingi Hong, Aleum Han, Sungwook Hong
Graduate School of Forensic Sciences, Soonchunhyang
University, Asan-Si, Korea (South)
Dan Wang
Audio-Visual Material Inspection Technology Department,
National Police University of China, Shenyang, China
Abstract : objective to explore the common method to
appear fingerprint on different variety of tapes, it provides
a reference for the extraction of special latent fingerprints
on the object. Method using whole shortwave ultraviolet
525
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
P 08-18
CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION; FORENSIC
SCIENCE; INTELLIGENCE INTEGRATION
KEYWORDS
WFF2014
band digital imaging system section of 7 kinds of tape latent
fingerprints on the surface of optical nondestructive extracted
from the viewpoint of different light distribution, recorded
on the experimental results were analyzed, and summarizes
the extraction conditions. Results obtained the best extraction
through reasonable light distribution results. Conclude
the experiment study find all band CCD digital shortwave ultraviolet camera to extract fingerprint on adhesive
tapes, due to different tape, different type of fingerprint and
different optical methods, those all affect on the result of the
experiment, so digital short-wave ultraviolet camera could
extract fingerprints effectively.
KEYWORDS WHOLE BAND OF CCD DIGITAL CAMERA;
ADHESIVE TAPES; FINGERPRINTS
P 08-19
THE RESEARCH OF DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHY
AND IMAGE SEPARATION OF SWEAT AND DUST
OVERLAPPED FINGERPRINTS ON TRANSPARENT
GLASS
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
Dan Wang
Audio-Visual Material Inspection Technology Department,
National Police University of China, Shenyang, China
Through the experiment, article summarizes the photography
technology of appearing the overlapped dust and sweat
fingerprints on transparent glass surface. By using Nikon D70
digital camera to taking of picture by side transmission light
distribution technology and conducted each possible angle,
such as 0°, 45°and 90°. These fingerprints are with different
dust and sweat successively overlapping sequence, and then
utilize the digital image processing technology to separate
each fingerprint. The conclusion is whether dust overlapped
fingerprints after sweat or on the contrary, in any Angle,
Sweat fingerprints separation rate of about 90%. So the rate
of seperate overlapped fingerprint has nothing to do with its
order and Angle.
KEYWORDS TRANSPARENT GLASS; OVERLAPPED
S W E AT A N D D U S T F I N G E R P R I N T S ; I M A G E
SEPARATION RATE
P 08-20
SEX DIFFERENCES OF FINGERPRINT RIDGE
DENSITY IN SOUTH KOREA POPULATION
526
Kyunghee Bae
Soonchunhyang University, Forensic Science Graduate School,
Sinchang, Korea (South)
Fingerprints collected from the crime scene are one of
the most important evidence and have a great value in
determination of individuality. Fingerprints are used to
identify suspects, victims or related individual and provide
leads of crime scene investigation. But fingerprints collected
from the crime scene and the items of evidence of crime are
mostly insufficient to determine human identification, but
still they are useful to offer the informations of ridge density
which are used to infer the sex determination of the unknown
individual. In general, females are supposed to have a higher
ridge densities than males. Characteristics of thermal ridges
varies in individual, but females often have finer ridge shape
and narrow space between ridges than males. The present
study shows the statistically significant difference between
sexes in ridge density of South Korean young population
with statistical analysis of total 2000 fingerprints from 200
individuals between ages of 20 and 40 (100 males and 100
females). Epidermal ridges are counted in 5㎜ × 5㎜ section
of radial, ulnar, and lower areas. The differences between
sexes in ridge density is analyzed by Student’s t-test and
likelihood ratio for suggesting relative probabilities to infer
the gender of unknown source. The results can contribute to
provide a clue of forensic identification with other evidences
in South Korean population.
KEYWORDS
FINGERPRINT; RIDGE DENSITY; SOUTH
KOREA
P 08-22
DETECTING BODY FLUID-CONTAMINATED
FINGERMARKS AND LATENT STAINS ON SKIN USING
IMMUNOGENIC REAGENTS
Xanthe Spindler1, Reasmey Tith1, Chris Lennard2 , Claude
Roux1
1
Centre for Forensic Science, University of Technology, Sydney,
Ultimo, Australia; 2Forensic Science, School of Science and
Health, University of Western Sydney, Richmond, Australia
The enhancement of fingermarks on skin remains a
challenging aspect of forensic casework due to the complex
nature of the substrate, including changes in the physical
properties of skin from ante to post mortem and to the
obvious similarities between fingermark residues and skin
secretions. Even omitting visible decomposition or adverse
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
climate as complicating factors, diffusion of deposits
into the epidermis, the presence of hair and background
interference from endogenous secretions present on the
skin surface are substantial barriers to the development of
identifiable fingermarks. Current research has focused on
optical enhancement procedures, powdering methods, and
the application of fuming techniques (e.g., cyanoacrylate,
iodine, RTX), or blood reagents for faint blood marks. These
approaches have generally been successful under ideal
conditions, with various degrees of background interference,
for fresh marks deposited on live and cadaverous skin, but
are not able to differentiate between latent and body fluid
contaminated marks or stains.
While gaining sufficient contrast between a fingermark and
skin will always be problematic, this research project aimed
to address the challenge of enhancing faint and latent marks
on skin using antibodies and aptamers selected towards body
fluid biomarkers. Natural fingermarks contaminated with
a swab of the donor’s own blood or saliva (applied to the
fingerpad prior to deposition of the mark) showed varied
development in the initial experiments, with indications of
touch more common than continuous ridge detail. This poster
critically presents the results of the development of saliva,
semen and blood contaminated fingermarks on skin.
observed that thermal papers of South Korea turns black in
both ways. The present study set up the most effective ratio
of 1, 2-Indanedione-Zinc solution with using ultra sonic
to increase solubility of 1, 2-Indanedione molecule that is
applicable for South Korean thermal papers. As a result, there
is no difference in strength and durability of fluorescence
between the solution without polarized solvent and the
solution containing 3% of polarized solvent, and has no
effect on the term of validity. And the results of comparative
experiment to verify the effectiveness of zinc chloride
solution in thermal paper shows that the solution without zinc
has better result in fluorescence. In conclusion, the polarized
solvents below 3% in solution have no effect on the strength
and durability of fluorescence, and the solution without zinc
chloride is recommendable.
KEYWORDS
FINGERMARK DETECTION;
IMMUNOGENIC; HUMAN REMAINS
Sang-Yoon Lee, Dong-Hwan Kim, Jin-Pyo Kim, ByungSun Moon, Kyung-Hwa Lee, Young-Il Seo, Jae-Yong Song,
Young-Woo Choi, Jae-Mo Goh, Nam-Kyu Park
Division of Forensic Safety, National Forensic Service, Won-ju,
Gangwon-do, Korea (South)
P 08-24
ADVANCED APPLICATION OF 1, 2-INDANEDIONE
FOR LATENT FINGERPRING DEVELOPMENT ON
THERMAL PAPER
Thermal paper is special fine paper generally used for
various kind of receipts and credit card registers because it is
appropriate for fast delivery of information. It is coated with
leuco dyes and chemicals that change color when exposed to
heat. Thus, it is sensitive with heat and polarized solvents. It
makes impossible to use general latent fingerprint developing
reagents containing polarized solvents or having heating
process with thermal paper. Whole paper burns into black,
and fingerprint or information in the thermal paper will be
disappeared. National Centre for Forensic Studies (NCFS)
in Australia and FBI suggest the ratio of 1, 2-IndanedioneZinc solution that is applicable for thermal paper, but we
P 08-25
A STUDY OF THE GENERATION OF THE BLOODY
FINGERPRINT BY THE CONTACT BLOODSTAIN
AFTER THE GENERATION OF A NORMAL
FINGERPRINT
The fingerprints from the crime scene work as a special clue
that links the victim and the assailant, are also highly valued
for because it is an important form of physical evidence
for personal identification. Other than these generally
formed fingerprints, the blood-stained fingerprints formed
by the touch of a blood-stained finger are often considered
particularly important as they show much clearer ridge.
The aim of this research is to find out whether a blood-stained
fingerprint left on a certain surface was actually created
directly by a blood-stained finger or by a process in which
blood smeared into an ordinary fingerprint after its formation.
For this purpose, we conducted an experiment using a porous
(paper) and nonporous (a varnished lumber after painting)
surfaced materials, in order to study the degree to which
blood-stained fingerprints are formed with respect to the
method by which the fingerprint was contacted with blood
after its formation and the length of the time elapsed after this
contact.
Multiples of fingerprints formed on a porous (paper) and
527
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
Juyoung Namgoong, Kyunghee Bae, Jeseol Yu
Soonchunhyang University, Graduate School of Forensic
Science, Shinchang, Korea (South)
KEYWORDS THERMAL PAPER; FINGERPRING; 1,
2-INDANEDIONE
WFF2014
nonporous (a varnished lumber after painting) surface, each
prepared transversely by inartificial uncoated bare fingers and
fingers coated in a hand lotion. After having the blood on the
finger, latex gloves and white cotton gloves and then making
the contact with the fingerprints made on the multiples of
surfaces, we verified the formation of the blood-stained
fingerprints with respect to different length of time for which
they were left in the air (10 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2
hours, 5 hours, and 24 hours, respectively).
As a result, rather than a porous (paper) surface, primary
fingerprint formed by hand-lotioned finger on a nonporous
(a varnished lumber after painting) surface left clearer
blood-stained fingerprint than a primary fingerprint formed
by a bare finger. It was easier to identify a blood-stained
fingerprint with naked eyes, when the contact method of
blood was in the following order : latex glove, white cotton
gloves, and a bare finger.
It is clear that the result of the above experiment has some
positive implication. We think that the focus of later studies
should be on carrying out the same experiment under a
controlled condition in which the following factors are taken
to account : primary fingerprint accumulated in the surface,
the amount of blood contacted on a fingerprint, the some of a
capillary phenomenon and a surface tension of the materials
contacting a fingerprint, difference between the quality and
the grain of subject’s surface, the number of ridge and the
visibility of a fingerprint identified with naked eyes due to a
variety of components accumulated in the surface.
KEYWORDS
FINGERPRINTS; BLOOD-STAINED; RIDGE
P 08-26
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
SEPARATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF
OVERLAPPING FINGERPRINTS BY FOURIER
TRANSFORM INFRARED SPECTROSCOPIC IMAGING
which were contaminated by exogenous compounds by
using fourier transform infrared spectroscopic imaging
with reflectance mode. The overlapping fingerprints were
prepared by contaminated fingertips of donors. The donors
had previously contaminated their fingertips by handling
vaseline, hand lotion or condom. And the donor was
stamped a mark on nonporous surfaces such as slide glass
or polyethylene coated soda pack, and then the other donor
with a different contaminated species overlaid with a mark.
Two kinds of lifting media (white rubber/gel lifter and
instant lifter) were used to lift fingerprints from nonporous
surface of deposition overlapping fingerprint. And then FTIR
spectroscopic images were collected with reflectance mode.
The FTIR imaging of exogenous contaminated fingerprints
was better in the white rubber/gel lifter than in the instant
lifter. In the vaseline contaminated fingerprint, it showed
clear ridge features at 1531 cm-1, 1653 cm-1 and 2828 cm1. In the hand lotion and condom contaminated fingerprints,
the former showed clear ridge features at 3420 cm-1 and
the latter showed at 805 cm-1, 1019 cm-1, 1104 cm-1 and
1266 cm-1. In the both condom and vaseline contaminated
overlapping fingerprints, it showed clear ridge features at 805
cm-1 and 1019 cm-1 for condom composition and at 1653
cm-1 for vaseline. In the contaminated with both exogenous
and endogenous species (such as condom and sebaceous
marks) overlapping fingerprints, it showed clear ridge
features at 805 cm-1 for condom composition and at 1095
cm-1 and 1264 cm-1 for sebaceous marks. It was possible
to separate for overlapping fingerprints with exogenous
or endogenous species contaminated species according to
wavenumber by FTIR imaging.
KEYWORDS OVERLAPPING FINGERPRINTS; FTIR
IMAGING; FORENSIC SCIENCE
P 08-27
Nam Yee Kim, Jae-Hoon You, Ja-Youl Yang, Yuna Kim, Sek
Youn Park, Seung-Jin Ryu, Jin-Mi Jeong, Jieun Jung
Forensic Chemistry Sec., Seoul Institute, NFS, Seoul, Korea
(South)
Fingerprint recognition is one of the most widely adopted
methods for human identification in forensic science. The
varies techniques, such as powder, chemical and optical
techniques have been used for fingermark enhancement.
However, there are lots of overlapping fingerprints which
were contaminated by exogenous components in creme scene
area.
The aim of our study is to separate overlapping fingerprints
528
ARE WE CONTAMINATING OUR SCENES OF CRIME
SUITS? - DEVELOPMENT OF AN UNDER-SUIT FOR
21ST CENTURY SCENE ANALYSIS
Claire Gwinnett, John Cassella
Forensic and Crime Science, Staffordshire University, Stoke-onTrent, United Kingdom
The need for professionals who are responsible for the
analysis and documentation of crime scenes to wear
personal protective equipment (PPE) is well established.
The benefits of utilizing PPE, such as crime scene suits, to
reduce contamination are well known and therefore used
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
internationally. At major crime scenes, the use of crime
scene suits are particularly important and due to the serious
nature of these crimes contamination of trace levels of
evidence types, such as textile fibres, is even more of an issue.
Completely contamination free PPE is unrealistic but what if
scene personnel are unknowingly contaminating the outside
of their suits prior to entering crime scenes? If this is the case,
is there anything that can be done to reduce this problem?
This poster outlines a research project that investigated the
levels of textile fibre transfer from individuals’ garments
whilst donning crime scene suits. Low, medium and high
shed garments were analysed in terms of their ability to
transfer fibres to the outer surface of the crime scene suit
and therefore potentially contaminate any environment they
subsequently come in contact with. Contamination’hot-spots’
on the crime scene suits were also identified. Results indicate
that considerable fibre contamination can occur whilst crime
scene suits are being donned and this is dependent on the
sheddability of the garments being worn underneath. To
decrease this contamination, development of an’under-suit’
made out of a low shed, breathable fabric, was carried out
with local UK police forces. Initial investigations of this new
under-suit indicates that fibre contamination can be reduced
dramatically whilst also having other benefits, such as an
increase in wearer comfort and a perceived improvement in
wearer temperature regulation.
KEYWORDS SCENE OF CRIME SUITS; TEXTILE FIBRES;
CONTAMINATION
carried out commonly, which is an examination of physical
characteristics of bloodstain such as size, shape, or the way
it is distributed, in order to reconstruct the crime scene. The
environmental factors on blood drops include temperature,
humidity, gravity, and so on. This research puts a special
focus on temperature and humidity on blood drops among
other environmental factors.
The research was carried out by collecting data of “drips”
and “Impact pattern” of blood drops from distinguished
surfaces; “porous surfaces” and “non-porous surfaces” by
different degree of ambient temperature and humidity. The
finding suggests that “porous surfaces” exhibits higher degree
of error in data than “non-porous surface” in an experiment
of “angle of impact” under different ambient temperatures.
However, the data did not show any correlations between
“angle of impact” and “humidity” on both “porous surfaces”
and “non-porous surfaces”.
The result of this empirical study is expected to contribute to
any case, in which possible errors in presumption of “origin
of bloodstain” may arise, along with other research findings.
KEYWORDS
BLOODSTAIN; DRIPS; IMPACT PATTERN
P 08-29
A METHOD TO MAKE 3D PLASTER MODLE OF
FOOTPRINT
Tong Dexin
Liaoning Police Academy, Criminal Technology department,
DaLian, China
P 08-28
A STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF PRESUMPTION
OF ORIGIN OF BLOODSTAIN ACCORDING TO
TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY
A number of evidences demonstrate the situation as well as
behaviour of the victim and the criminal. One of the decisive
evidence in violent crime scene is the bloodstain related
evidence. In terms of analyzing bloodstain, DNA analysis
of the blood plays important role, while investigating the
reason, process, and situation of bloodstain is also crucial.
Thus “Bloodstain Pattern Analysis” in forensic science is
KEYWORDS PORTABLE 3D FOOTPRINT EXACTOR;
FOOTPRINT; 3D PLASTER MODLE
529
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
Soo-Jung Kim1, Woo-Sic Han1, Kyung-Hwan Sung1, Jin-Yi
Seo1, Jae-Hee Kim1, Sang-Yoon Lee2 , Young-Il Seo2
1
Graduate School of Forensic Science, SoonChunHyang Univ,
Asan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea (South); 2Division of
Forensic Safety, National Forensic Service, Wonju-si, Gangwondo, Korea (South)
Plaster is a commonly used material to model 3D footprint.
In normal practice, one would manually make the plaster
solution before pouring into the 3D footprint. Due to
its’uncertainty of pouring position, it might stain the clothes
and lead to low efficiency!
Portable 3D footprint exactor is characterized by its simple
structure and portability. Additionally, the extractor can be
repeatedly used and the plaster solution can be evenly stirred.
As a result, it enables one easier to set the pouring position.
The extractor is composed of three parts : stirring bucket,
sampling frame and diversion trench. The plaster solution
is to be poured into the 3D footprint through a diversion
trench located in the sampling frame after stirred evenly
in the bucket. The whole process can be easily done by an
individual!
WFF2014
P 08-31
P 08-32
ON AN UNUSUAL EXPLOSION CASE MISTAKEN AS
AN ARSON AFTER HOMICIDAL STRANGULATION IN
THE FIRE SCENE
FINGERPRINTING AS HUMAN IDENTIFICATION FOR
VICTIMS IN MASS DISASTER
Byung Seon Moon , Jae Yong Song , Young Woo Choi , Seong
Jin Kim1, Young Il Seo2 , Woo Jeong Jeon1, Jae Mo Goh3 ,
Nam Kyu Park4 , Hong Ill Ha5
1
Physics & Engineering Division, Busan Institute, National
Forensic Service, Yang San, Korea (South); 2Forensic Safety
Division, Department of Forensic Engineering, National
Forensic Service, Won Ju, Korea (South); 3Gwangju institute,
National Forensic Service, Jang Seong, Korea (South);
4
Department of Forensic Engineering, National Forensic
Service, Won Ju, Korea (South); 5Forensic Medicine Division,
Busan Institute, National Forensic Service, Yang San, Korea
(South)
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
1
1
1
This study presents an unusual explosion case that was
misinterpreted, at the first stage of investigation, as an arson
after homicidal strangulation.
A fire was occurred in a fourth-floor room of a five-story
building and a woman body was found on the floor at the
end of a bed. The first scenario we inferred was that someone
had set fire to the bed after homicidal strangulation. However
some evidences that could not reasonably describe the
scenario were additionally found. Therefore the investigation
was returned to’Step 3 (Collecting the Data)’ of’Step 7 of
Scientific Method’.
From the autopsy report, it was found that the cause of death
was hanging using a bath towel and the victim had already
died prior to the fire. At the extended investigation, the gas
explosion was found from CCTV installed at the entrance
of the building and trace of hanging herself on the branch of
LNG pipe was also found. It was finally estimated that the
pipe had been broken after hanging due to the body weight. It
was assumed that gas was leaked in the room from the broken
pipe for about 10 hours. Subsequently the gas explosion
occurred by unknown ignition source and the source could be
fine arc-sparks in automatic switching of an electric blanket
or a gas boiler in the room.
The cause and process of the explosion in this case were
eventually determined by both’Step 7 of Scientific Method’
and the autopsy findings. Thus it is very important for fireexplosion investigator to consider the result from different
fields of forensic science together.
KEYWORDS FIRE INVESTIGATION, FIRE SCENE;
ARSON, HOMICIDAL STRANGULATION; SCIENTIFIC
METHOD
530
Kwang-Sang Yoon1, Young-Sam Kim2 , Bong-Soo Kweon3
1
Crime Scene Investigation Team, Ilsan Police Station,
Gyeonggi-do 410-740, Korea (South); 2Section of Crime
Scene Investigation, Gyeonggi Provincial Police 2nd Agency,
Gyeonggi-do 480-822, Korea (South); 3Section of Crime
Scene Investigation, Gyeonggi Provincial Police 2nd Agency,
Gyeonggi-do 410-740, Korea (South)
The ferry Sewol sank off the coast of Jindo island at Jeonnam
province in south Korea on April 16, 2014. of the 476 people
presumed to had been on board, 172 were saved and 291
have been dead. There exist still 13 missing people. We
try to identify human identification of a number of dead
bodies because of sunken ferry at Paemok port in Jindo.
Scientific approaches have been made to accurately extract
metamorphosed fingerprints in various environments. Prior
to identify, restoration of fingerprints has been accomplished
using a syringe method through high temperaturemoisturizing method in submerged dead bodies. And then
we used fingerprinting on polyester film with print powder
to obtain fingerprints. The study population consisted of 291
subjects who were young, elderly dead bodies. As a result,
the yield of fingerprinting using polyester film was proven to
be more useful in identifying 38 (male 21, female 17) among
291 submerged dead bodies.
KEYWORDS FINGERPRINTS; HIGH TEMPERATUREMOISTURIZING METHOD; POLYESTER FILM
P 08-33
METHOD OF PHOTOGRAPHY ON NIGHT TRAFFIC
ACCIDENT SCENE
Yong Wang
Forensic Science Technology, China Criminal Police University,
Shenyang, China
In recent years, the research on the night scene of traffic
accident photography are imperative. In this paper, on the
basis of the case of traffic accident scene photography,
through a variety of skills we use flash to photograph traffic
accident scene under the condition of insufficient light. We
made careful analysis and summary about contents, methods
and techniques of flash photography on the traffic accident
scene, and introduced the process, contents and common
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
methods with the use of flash for traffic scene photography.
On the basis of a large number of experiments, we obtained
the conclusions as followed. Firstly, the method of slow
shutter segmentation flash photography using plenty of
exposure time, and some external flashes to replenish
light timely, has the characteristics that the images has the
wide shooting range, and has clear image details, useful
for the photographing the orientation and location on
traffic accident night scenes. Secondly, the reflective light
photography method by changing the form evenly diffuse
light propagation path to obtain uniform diffuse reflection,
can effectively avoid the formation of reflective light spot,
at the same time improving the image resolution, useful for
the general picture of the scene of the accident at night and
key parts. thirdly, external flashes has the characteristics of
being flexible, convenient and has big flash index with the
advantages of adjusting flash output and the fiash angle when
needed. It can effectively make up for the camera’s builtin flash congenital deficiency of uncontrollable strength and
angle. When needed it can be arbitrarily adjusted, which is
beneficial to the night traffic accident scene.
KEYWORDS F L A S H P H O T O G R A P H Y; T R A F F I C
ACCIDENT; NIGHT SCENE
identification.
It had shortened DNA identification process, in addition we
identified 3 victims who could not be identified by DNA
analysis because of complicated family relations and finally
handed the bodies over their families.
It was an arduous task but with full of challenges, we could
make a good example of identification through partial
fingerprints.
<By using the fingerprint on the victim’s skin, the criminal
was arrested.>
A murder and arson happened in the sauna at Dongjak-gu in
2008, the criminal killed the victim and set fire to machine
room. During he moved the body, the criminal’s fingerprint
was left on the victim’s arm by soot. CSI agents analysed and
evaluated the fingerprint and could arrest the murderer. It was
a rare experience to take a fingerprint because of soot, without
putting it through a chemical process.
KEYWORDS YOO YOUNG CHUL; FINGERPRINT ON THE
VICTIM’S SKIN; PARTIAL FINGERPRINTS
P 08-35
RADIO-ULNAR ASYMMETRY OF FINGERPRINT
WHORL PATTERNS
P 08-34
<BY TAKING PARTIAL FINGERPRINTS FROM
FINGERS WITH FINGERPRINTS CUTTING OFF, THE
VICTIM WAS IDENTIFIED.>
<BY USING THE FINGERPRINT ON THE VICTIM’S
SKIN, THE CRIMINAL WAS ARRESTED.>
Hee Sook Kim
Crime Scene Investigation, Seoul Metropolitan, Seoul, Korea
(South)
Fingerprint patterns are known to exhibit a certain degree
of radio-ulnar asymmetry formed as a result of an uneven
position of embryonic pads during formation of epidermal
ridges. Although the embryonic pads disappear the
asymmetrical nature of the fingerprint patterns persists. The
most asymmetrical patterns are loops (for ulnar loops, the
frequency prevails significantly over that of radial loops).
Nevertheless, true whorls were also found systematically
asymmetrical in previous studies in spite of their seemingly
symmetrical appearance.
The purpose of the present study was to examine radio-ulnar
asymmetry of whorl patterns (true whorls, double loops and
central pockets) in terms of their usability while classifying/
estimating of body side of origin (from right or left hand) of a
solitary fingerprint in a forensic context.
The sample consisted of 1241 whorl patterns from 204
females and 198 males (Czechs, Slovaks, and Lusatian Serbs)
examined retrospectively from archives of previous studies
531
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
<By taking partial fingerprints from fingers with fingerprints
cutting off, the victim was identified.>
The Serial killer, Yoo Young Chul has murdered 9 people
who lived in high-class residential areas from September
to November of 2003, and killed 12 prostituted women and
chopped the body into 18 pieces from March to July of 2004.
When he was cutting the bodies, he cut the distal end of their
fingers with scissors to prevent identification. Thus partial
fingerprints from the damaged distal prints had been used for
identification.
However most CSI agents questioned taking partial
fingerprints since the buried bodies became decomposing,
we carefully took the partial fingerprints and succeeded in
Miroslav Kralik, Lucie Cihakova, Petra Urbanova, Adela
Koprdova
Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Science/Masaryk
University, Brno, Czech Republic
WFF2014
on dermatoglyphics. In order to assess radio-ulnar asymmetry
of the selected patterns, traditional and newly designed
traits were used. In true whorls they contained (a) rotation
direction of the ridges from the core of the pattern (clockwise,
concentric, counter-clockwise), (b) ridge tracing (inner,
meeting, outer), (c) position of line upright to the midpoint
of the line connecting triradia (right, middle, left), (d) slope
of the innermost line in the core of the pattern (right, upright,
left). Similar traits were assessed for double loop and central
pocket patterns.
Radio-ulnar asymmetry was observed in all of the studied
variables pointing out to differences between right- and
left-sided fingerprints. In true whorls, for instance, 91.24%
of cases with counter-clockwise rotation were observed in
the right hand. The best differentiation between sides was
achieved when two and more variables were combined; in
some combinations the side identification reached as much as
100%.
In conclusion, our results indicate that assessing specific
traits of whorl patters may be used for probabilistic side
identification when a single fingerprint is being examined.
The results are, however, limited to the selected populations.
Hence, their general applicability should be further verified
using other human populations.
KEYWORDS FINGERPRINTS; WHORL PATTERNS;
RADIO-ULNAR ASYMMETRY
P 08-37
UNUSUAL PROJECTILES : GLASS MARBLES
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
Yolanda Clavijo
Antioquia, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal, Medellin,
Colombia
Glass marbles have become unconventional ammunition.
A case found in Medellín-Colombia will be reported. The
crime scene was located in an area of conflict between law
enforcement and the community. However, ammunition was
not found at the crime scene. The autopsy of the bodyrevealed
the presence of this type of artefact. Marbles are relatively
heavy and, combined with velocity, they may turn into deadly
weapons. When shot, marbles are even more accurate than
regular ammunition. Shooting these items requires repacking
the ammunitionin a multiple-load cartridge. This case will be
reported from the time the autopsy was performed until X-ray
images were taken. Ballistics reported the cause of death as
head trauma resulting from a new firing object. Therefore,
this could be considered “marble” trauma.
532
KEYWORDS
GLASS MARBLES; BALLISTICS; TRAUMA.
POSTER PRESENTATION 09
FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY (OD)
P 09-2
AGE ESTIMATION OF LIVING INDIVIDUALS IN
KOREA; CLINICAL SITUATION AND METHODS IN
USE IN SEOUL NATIONAL UNIVERSITY DENTAL
HOSPITAL
Jeong-Yun Lee, Ji-Woon Park, Hee-Kyung Park, Jin-Woo
Chung, Hong-Seop Kho
Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Diagnosis, Seoul
National University School of Detistry, Seoul, Korea (South)
Age estimation is one of the most important parts of
identification of a living individual as well as a dead body.
The cases such as immigrants without documentation and
determination of legal relevance of young criminals are the
most familial situations demanding age estimation of living
individuals. In Korea, we still have more or less 50 patients
every year who want to prove their biological age in forensic
odontological way for the change of their date of birth in the
resident registration because the result of age estimation by a
dentist is mandatory for such birth date change in Korea. Loss
of resident registration records during 3 years’ Korean war till
1954 in history and its restoration with lots of fault in addition
to the wrong information presented by parents when they
registered their newborns in the past were the typical causes
of such a steady demand of the birth date change in official
records in Korea, while some other reasons such as gradual
increase of social benefits related to age recently prevent the
demand from dropping down.
In the department of Oral Medicine in Seoul National
University covering the forensic odontological field, dental
maturation in young patients and tooth attrition in adult
patients were used for age estimation. Dental maturity data of
2702 subjects, the third molar maturity data of 3301 subjects
based on Demirjian’s method and tooth attrition data of 1092
subjects based on Kim’s scoring system are available in
Korea. In this presentation, we review and introduce recent
clinical situation and methods in use regarding odontological
age estimation of living individuals in Korea.
KEYWORDS DENTAL MATURITY; TOOTH ATTRITION;
AGE ESTIMATION
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
P 09-3
CO-EVALUATION OF TOOTH AGE AND BONE AGE
DURING DEVELOPMENT
Feryal Karaman1, Mehmet Gorgulu2 , Tamer Lutfu Erdem3
1
Istanbul University, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Istanbul,
Turkey; 2Istanbul Aydin University, Department of General
Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey; 3Istanbul Okan University,
Department of Radiology, Istanbul, Turkey
The most commonly used method on age estimation is based
on hand wrist radiographs. But another method which is
commonly used in the world is, dental age estimation method.
The aim of this study is, to investigate the relationship
between dental age and bone age in a Turkish sample.
The required materials were obtained from the Istanbul
University radiology archive. Dental panoramic radiographs
and hand wrist radiographs of 284 people (115 girls and 169
boys) aged between 4-18 years were selected. It is noticed
that haven’t any systemic diseases of selected people by
inspected their anamnesis files. Wrist age was determined
by Greulich method and dental age was determined by
Demirjian method. Each image was examined by two
observers.
It is seen that there was an accordance between the wrist age
and dental age. No statistical difference was found between
chronological, dental and bone age. The girls demonstrated
an advance both bone age and dental age when compared
to the boys of the same group. It was found that dental age
assesment method is a valid method for Turkish adolescent
and can be used as an alternative method in age estimation.
KEYWORDS
remains were recovered from an unknown cave of
Sardinian’Supramonte’. Few dry bones were available :
skulls and mandibles. A specialized team composed by
forensic scientists of Department of Biomedical Sciences,
Legal Medicine, University of Sassari and Department of
Health Sciences, Forensic Sciences Section, University
of Florence has been asked to carry out reconstructive
identification. According to the forensic practice, the
scientific research has been developed by multidisciplinary
approach using conventional techniques to human
identification, which consists of recently developed
anthropological analysis and odontological examination.
MATERIALS AND METHODS : Primarily, after removal
of the contaminants, macroscopic examination of skulls and
teeth were performed. Next, assessment of age and sex, in the
absence of pelvic remains, was gathered from skulls (most
crucial for human identification) and mandibles based on the
anthropological findings. Accurate results can be determined
using oral examination and metric data collection to record
any dental characteristics in order to aid reconstructive
identification; the dental examination was realized according
to morphological and metrical techniques and completed with
photographic and radiographic findings.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS : The multidisciplinary
analyses resulted in optimal findings of overall team’s
investigation, highlighting the strong potential of combining
anthropological and odontological findings in producing
confident human identifications for forensic cases. In this
poster presentation we explain the results of this survey.
KEYWORDS FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY; DENTAL
RECORDS; ANTHROPOLOGY
DENTAL AGE; BONE AGE; MATURATION
P 09-4
Valentina Piredda1, Pasquale Bandiera2 , Elena Mazzeo1,
Vilma Pinchi3
1
Department of Biomedical Sciences-Legal Medicine, University
of Sassari, Sassari, Italy; 2Department of Biomedical SciencesHuman Anatomy and Histology, University of Sassari, Sassari,
Italy; 3Department of Health Sciences-Forensic Sciences
Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
OBJECTIVE : During April 2014, human skeletal
POSTER PRESENTATION 10
FORENSIC GENETICS & BIOLOGY (GB)
P 10-1
GENETIC ANALYSIS OF 16 X-STRS LOCI IN XINJIANG
UIGHUR AND NORTHERN HAN POPULATION FROM
CHINA
Chengtao Li
Department of Forensic Genetics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of
Forensic Medicine, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Ministry of
Justice, China, Shanghai, China
In this study, a total of 1250 samples obtained from 941
533
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
A CASE REPORT ON MULTIDISCIPLINARY
RECONSTRUCTIVE IDENTIFICATION OF
SKELETAL REMAINS: FLUMINEDDU’S CAVE IN
SARDINIAN’SUPRAMONTE’ (ITALY)
WFF2014
Northern Hans Chinese (549 females and 392 males) and
309 Xingjiang Uighur (231 females and 78 males) were
successfully analyzed using a homemade new multiplex
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) system which can analyze
simultaneously 16 X-STR markers including DXS10011,
DXS101, GATA165B12, DXS6795, DXS6800, DXS6801,
DXS6803, DXS6808, DXS7132, DXS7133, DXS7423,
DXS7424, DXS8377, DXS8378, DXS9898 and HPRTB.
The allele frequencies and statistical analysis were performed
using Powerstats and Arlequin software. A total of 105
alleles for all the loci were observed by this multiplex PCR
system. Polymorphism information content was 0.38640.9004, and power of discrimination in females was 0.63170.9841. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium tests demonstrated no
significant deviation from expected values (P>0.05) for all
of the 16 X-STR loci in Xinjiang Uighur and Northern Han
population from China. There were no statistically significant
differences between Xinjiang Uighur and Northern Han
populations in allele distribution of the 16 X-STR loci, in
line with the results of AMOVA. The results show the 16
X-STR loci in the multiplex systems may provide high
polymorphism information for kinship testing.
KEYWORDS
FORENSIC GENETICS; X-STR; NORTHERN
HAN
of the studied Korean provinces reflected no maternal
subpopulation heterogeneity present within the population
group, except for Jeju Island, showing small, but statistically
significant differences between the populations (p< 0.01).
This result indicates that the Jeju Island may point to the need
for creating a local mtDNA database, to avoid bias in forensic
parameters estimates caused by genetic heterogeneity of the
population. However, since there is no geographic pattern to
suggest this result represents any population heterogeneity on
a peninsular level in Korea, the present data could be useful in
serving as a basis for comprehensive Korean population and
forensic mtDNA database.
KEYWORDS MTDNA HAPLOGROUPS; POPULATION
STRUCTURE; KOREANS
P 10-4
PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF TWO HAPLOID
MARKERS OF 500-YEARS-OLD HUMAN REMAINS
FOUND IN THE CENTRAL REGION OF KOREA
Han Jun Jin1, Ki Cheol Kim2 , In Wook Hwang1, Jeong Yong
Lee2 , Wook Kim2
1
Department of Nanobiomedical Science, Dankook University,
Cheonan, Korea (South); 2Department of Biological Sciences,
Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea (South)
P 10-3
MITOCHONDRIAL DNA HAPLOGROUPS AND
HOMOGENEITY IN THE KOREAN POPULATION
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
Seung Beom Hong1, Ki Cheol Kim2 , Seul Gi Lee2 , Kwang Hee
Lee2 , Wook Kim2
1
DNA Analysis Division, National Forensic Service, Seoul,
Korea (South); 2Department of Biological Sciences, Dankook
University, Cheonan, Korea (South)
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup data provide
valuable information for inferring patterns of variation and
population structure of maternal lineages. In this study, we
analyzed the distribution of mtDNA haplogroup variation
using a 20-plex SNaPshot assay for determination of the
major East Asian haplogroups to evaluate the possible
genetic structure and differentiation from 708 unrelated
males residing in six major provinces in Korea. The most
common mtDNA haplogroups were found to be D4 and B4,
followed by A, D4a, and M7, which are prevalent in East
Asian populations. All provinces exhibited high haplogroup
diversities, ranging from 0.8957 in Jeju Island to 0.9284
in Gyeongsang. Pair-wise FST distances and AMOVA
534
To understand the genetic history of maternal/paternal
lineages of Koreans as well as the societal system of
marriage pattern and kinship among individuals, we analyzed
two haploid markers, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and
Y-chromosomal variations, in 25 human remains excavated
from the central region of Korea (Yangchon cemetery of
Gimpo-si, Gyeonggi-do). According to the archaeological
evidences, these are dated back to the early to middle
Joseon Dynasty period (about 400~600 years BP). MtDNA
control region (HVS-I/II) sequences of 19 ancient human
samples from a total of 25 remains were successfully
determined by sequencing after PCR-cloning and direct
sequencing techniques with no sharing of the control region
polymorphisms with those of the laboratory researchers.
Among the 25 remains, 12 individuals were found to be
males determined by the amelogenin locus using PCR
amplification. We found that the vicinal burial of the remains
seemed to be related matrilineally or patrilineally. The most
common mtDNA haplogroups were found to be D4 and its
sub-lineages (11/19), followed by F1bde (3/19), B5 (1/19),
F (1/19), F1a1 (1/19), G4 (1/19), and N9a (1/19), which are
prevalent in the Northeast and Southeast Asians, including
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
modern Koreans. On the paternal side, there are three
dominant Y chromosome haplogroups C (41.7%), O3 (25%),
and Y* (33.3%) in total male samples. Based on results
of these two haploid markers, a patrilocal mating system
was seems to be existed, showing a more maternal lineage
complex than paternal lineages expected. The phylogenetic
analyses of the mtDNA HVS- I sequence variation revealed
both the overall similarity to other northeastern populations,
and also a larger genetic contribution from southeastern
populations. Larger sample sizes and additional genetic
markers will be necessary to fully understand the population
structure and the genetic history of the Koreans.
KEYWORDS
serious Y-interstitial deletion of the son was observed, which
suggested that Y-microdeletions in parent would make the Y
chromosome more liable to a second mutation in offspring, as
a consequence of DNA instability.
KEYWORDS
Y CHROMOSOME; MICRODELETIONS;
Y-STR
P 10-6
COMT AND SEROTONIN TRANSPORTER GENES IN
OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDER PATIENT AND
THEIR IMPORTANCE IN FORENSIC MEDICINE
ANCIENT DNA; HAPLOGROUPS; KOREANS
P 10-5
A SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF Y CHROMOSOME
INTERSTITIAL DELETIONS BETWEEN FATHER AND
SON
Yuzhen Gao
Department of Forensic Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou,
China
Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a psychiatric
disorder characterized by obsessive ideas and compulsive
behaviours. Neurobiology of OCD became clear by
indicating the abnormalities in the serotonergic and
dopaminergic systems. Large evidence supported a genetic
factor in OCD, based on family, twin and segregation
studies. Genetic studies have centered on plausible candidate
genes, which are thought to be involved in the etiology of
OCD especially related to serotonergic and dopaminergic
systems. In this study, the relationship between CathecholO-Methyltransferase (COMT) -287A/G (rs2097063),
Serotonin Transporter (5-HTT) 5-HTTLPR I/D and SLC6A4
rs16965628 polymorphisms in 80 OCD patients and 100
healthy control subjects are determined. Patients and controls
were genotyped for COMT -287 A/G (rs2097063) and
5-HTT (rs16965628) polymorphisms by means of RealTime PCR technique after DNA isolation. 5-HTTLPR
insertion/deletion polymorphism was genotyped using PCR
and agarose gel electrophoresis technique. The rate and
severity of symptoms were checked in OCD patients with
Yale Brown obsession compulsion Scale (Y-BOCS). In this
study, the relationship between candidate genes and OCD,
severity of OCD symptoms and the gender of patients in
the Turkish population were determined. When OCD and
controls were compared, no significant difference was found
between COMT gene -287 A/G (rs2097063), serotonin
transporter 5-HTTLPR I/D gene polymorphisms and OCD.
But a significant difference was found between Serotonin
535
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
Amelogenin (AMEL) and Y-chromosomal short tandem
repeats (Y-STRs) have been used as routine tools for gender
detection in forensic DNA analysis. These markers may
cause misinterpretations in forensic casework due to point
mutations or microdeletions. In an accidental traffic case,
a standard paternity test including mother and son was
performed to identify the victim (suspect father). The results
support the biological relationship between the deceased
father and the son. However, AMELY dropout was noticed
for the son while the deceased father seemed normal on
AMEL locus. To investigate potential causes of AMELY
dropout for the son, DNA samples of the deceased father
and his son were analysed using AmpFLSTR® Y-filer™
PCR Amplification kit. Additional 30 sequence tagged sites
(STSs) were used to assess and estimate the size of the
breakpoint regions on the Y chromosome. The alleles of the
16 Y-STRs were thoroughly detected for the father. As for
the son, however, expression of DYS456 and DYS393 were
detected only. Additional Y-STSs analysis revealed interstitial
deletions for both the father and the son. The deletion’s
length was estimated to be in the range of 4.14-6.10 Mb for
the father and 22.7-53.4 Mb for the son, respectively. As far
as we know, this is the first report which has systematically
analysed a father-son pair regarding Y-chromosome deletions
in forensic community. Compared with father, a more
Mujgan Cengiz1, Nur Okutan2 , Burcu Bayoglu1, Nese
Kocabasoglu3
1
Medical Biology, Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical
Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; 2Basic Sciences, Istanbul University,
institute of Forensic Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey; 3Psichiatry,
Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul,
Turkey
WFF2014
transporter rs16965628 polymorphism and OCD (p=0.025,
OR=3.43, 95% CI : 1.41-10.35). G genotype distribution was
found to be higher in OCD group and C genotype was found
to be higher in control subjects. No significant difference
was observed between COMT gene rs2097063, SLC6A4
gene rs16965628, 5-HTTLPR gene I/D polymorphisms
and Y-BOCS scores (p>0.05). Also, no association and
correlation was found between Yale-Brown score and gender
of OCD patients. However, in logistic regression analysis,
SLC6A4 rs16965628 GG+GC genotypes were found to be
risk factors for OCD development (p=0.02, OR=3.464; 95%
CI : 1.214-9.883). Our findings suggest that subjects carrying
G genotype have genetic susceptibility to OCD. These
data are the first to suggest that polymorphism in serotonin
transporter (rs16965628) is associated with the development
of obsessive compulsive disorders in Turkish population. If
these genes can be investigated in forensic cases due to their
susceptibility to the obsessive compulsive disorder may be
revealed.
KEYWORDS OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDER;
5-HTTLPR; COMT
P 10-7
AN INVESTIGATION OF FORENSICALLY IMPORTANT
ENTOMOFAUNA COLLECTED FROM HUMAN
CADAVERS IN SOUTH KOREA
medicolegal autopsies. Among 1, 398 samples, 645 (46.1%)
were taxonomically identified by morphological or DNAbased methods. Insect infestation to human cadavers was the
most common in the summer (June, July and August). Among
35 autopsies, numbers of indoor, forest, and outdoor cases
were 27 (77.1%), 5 (14.3%), and 3 (8.6%). Total 13 families
32 species, belong to Diptera, Coleoptera and Hymenoptera,
were identified. Lucilia sericata was the dominant species
(22 autopsies, 62.9%) and was followed by Sarcophaga
peregrina (7 autopsies, 11.4%). Among order Diptera (flies),
6 families (Calliphoridae, Sarcophagidae, Piophilidae, and
etc), and 16 species were identified. Only 1 fly species
was observed in 19 autopsies (54.3%). Among Coleoptera
(beetles), 6 families (Dermestidae, Siphidae, and etc), 15
species were identified. There was no beetle in 26 autopsies
(74.3%). Dermestes maculatus was the dominant beetle
species (4 autopsies, 11.4%). Among Hymenoptera (bees),
2 individuals of Nasonia vitripennis were confirmed from 1
autopsy. Among 32 species, numbers of indoor, forest, and
outdoor species were 21 (65.6%), 13 (40.6%) and 8 (25.0%),
respectively. Five previously unrecorded species in Korea
(Hydrotaea obscrifrons, Piophila casei, Parapiophila vulgaris,
Megaselia scalaris and Dermestes haemorrhoidalis) were
identified and some of them were taxonomically reviewed by
expert entomologists. Our study will provide a framework
for future studies on local entomofauna related to human
cadavers and the standard for selection of species requiring
larval developmental data for estimation of PMI in Korea.
FORENSIC ENTOMOLOGY; AUTOPSY;
ENTOMOFAUNA
KEYWORDS
Shin Shang Eon , Ham Chan Sun , Kim Kyeong Ryeol , Park
Seong Hwan1
1
Department of Legal Medicine, Korea University College of
Medicine, Seou, Korea (South); 2Center for Forensic Medicine,
National Forensic Service, Seoul, Korea (South)
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
1
1
2
Diverse species of insects are attracted to human cadavers.
These insects can be important keys to access the postmortem
interval (PMI). Insect fauna on human cadavers are differed
by several factors such as micro-environment, climate,
geographical regions, and the stage of decay. To estimate
PMI with insect evidence, it is critical to have data on the
succession of the carrion insects visiting dead bodies in a
specific geographic region through a year. However, there
has been no study on carrion insects visiting human cadavers
in Korea despite quite active conducts of medicolegal
autopsies. Authors investigated 35 medicolegal autopsies
displaying insect infestation in the northeastern area of
Seoul and its suburb for three years to demonstrate the
forensically important entomofauna in this region. Total
1, 398 individual insect samples were collected from 35
536
P 10-8
A PILOT STUDY FOR SYSTEMATIC EVALUATION
OF SIBSHIP SEARCHING USING 15 STR LOCI IN
KOREANS
Nam Soo Cho, Chohee Kim, Myung Jin Park, Hyo-Sook
Kim, Seolhee Sun, Sang-Ok Moon, Wonhae Lee, KyungLyong Lee
Forensic DNA Division, National Forensic Service, Wonju,
Korea (South)
We report on the combination of the combined sibling indices
(CSIs) and the termed two-allele-sharing-loci (TASL) to
enhance the determination of sibship for systematic DNA
profile familial searching of Korean national database. The
15 STR loci of the AmpF/STR Identifiler PCR Amplification
kit for sibship determination were applied to two Korean
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
populations using pairs of full siblings and unrelated 1805
individuals. Forty-two full sibling pairs collected with
their informed consent were analyzed. In addition, the
Y chromosome was investigated with AmpF/STR Yfiler
PCR Amplification kit to provide further support for the
relationship. Cumulative sibship indices (CSIs) calculated
following standard methods in sibling pairs and non-sibling
pairs, showed mean values comparable to other reports. Mean
CSI and TASL value in sibling group were significantly
higher than in corresponding non-sibling group. The resulting
distributions were sufficiently distinct from the sample of
unrelated pairs as to be of practical usefulness. In future we
will develop a familial searching approach system which uses
a combination of filtering by number of shared alleles and
ordering by likelihood ratio.
KEYWORDS FAMILIAL SEARCHING; COMBINED
SIBLING INDICES; TERMED TWO-ALLELESHARING-LOCI
P 10-9
DNA BARCODING REVEALS MISLABELLED
COMMERCIAL FISH IN BRAZIL
Carlos Carvalho
APGEF, Departamento De Policia Federal, Brasilia, Brazil
KEYWORDS
DNA BARCODING; MISLABELLING; FISH
P 10-10
INFESTATION OF CHRYSOMYA MEGACEPHALA
(FABRICIUS) AND CHRYSOMYA RUFIFACIES
(MACQUART) ON WRAPPED RABBIT CARCASSES IN
MALAYSIA
Nor Fahana Mohd Nor1, Paul Thomas Jayaprakash1, Naji
Arafat Mahat2
1
School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang
Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia; 2Department of Chemistry, Faculty
of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru,
Malaysia
Bodies in forensic cases are frequently discovered wrapped
in some material, probably as a means for disguising the
bodies, facilitating easier handling as well as preventing
blood stains. Although it has been indicated that the type
and extent of wrapping may affect colonization pattern of
necrophagous insects, review of the literature reveals that
issues pertaining to the thickness of the wrapping material
and its influence on the accessibility of necrophagous insects
towards decomposing carcasses/corpses remain unreported.
In Malaysia, Chrysomya megacephala has been reported
as the first and dominant necrophagous species infesting
carcasses/corpses followed by Chrysomya rufifacies and
hence, the former acquires forensic significance in providing
the best estimate of minimum postmortem interval (PMI).
In this study, the influence of known thickness of two layers
of cotton cloth (0.05 mm) with both ends tied securely, on
the initial oviposition and development of C.megacephala
and C. rufifacies was investigated. Among the two rabbits
that formed one replicate, the one unwrapped was used as
control while another one was completely wrapped. Results
of five replicates revealed that the initial oviposition of
C. megacephala was delayed by one day (day-2) in those
wrapped carcasses when compared with that of controls
(p<0.05). Interestingly, while the second instar larvae of
C. rufifacies were observed piercing the cloth and found
in abundance on the inner side of the carcasses, thereby
537
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
The trade of illegal or poor quality fish species as legal
or more expensive ones has serious environmental and
economic implications and may represent a public health
problem. Since processed fish products usually lack the
external morphological characteristics used for species
recognition, fraudulent substitutions or incorrect labelling
are very common. Without the unambiguous species
identification, prosecution and eventually punishment
of the offenders is very difficult. When morphological
identification is compromised, genetic identification can be
used to associate unknown samples to a reference sample by
comparing sequences of mitochondrial genes. In this study
the Brazilian Federal Police DNA Laboratory used sequences
of 650 base pair of the subunit I of cytochrome c oxidase
gene (COI) and the Barcode of Life Database (BOLD) to
identify 24 fish fillet samples collected in 2013. The large
majority (88%) of the samples was mislabelled. Among
the substitutions our lab found the exotic flatfish species
Atheresthes stomias and Limanda aspera passing for the
Brazilian coast species of the genus Paralychthyes, the Alaska
pollock Gadus chalcogrammus sold as the Argentine hake
Merluccius hubbsi, and the protected Wreckfish Polyprion
americanus labelled as grouper species. Based in these results
an operation to fight fish fraud was conducted and some
processing industries are now under special supervision by
the Brazilian food safety authorities. This study represents a
pioneer use of DNA Barcoding in food fraud investigations
by a police lab in Brazil and the results obtained here
reinforce the utility of this technique in forensic casework.
WFF2014
completed its life cycle; the same was not observed for C.
megacephala. Such findings acquire forensic significance
since the possible absence of C. megacephala larvae in
forensic cases involving similar condition of wrapping
would indicate that PMI may have to be estimated using the
developmental data of the subsequent necrophagous species
i.e. C. rufifacies.
KEYWORDS FORENSIC ENTOMOLOGY; SECURELY
WRAPPED CARCASSES; NECROPHAGUS SPECIES
KEYWORDS
STR; CULICIDAE; BLOODSTAIN
P 10-11
P 10-12
FORENSIC ANALYSIS OF DNA RECOVERED FROM
BLOOD MEAL STAINS OF MOSQUITOES (CULICIDAE)
CHARACTERIZATION OF NULL ALLELES FOR Y
CHROMOSOMAL STRS ASSOCIATED WITH AZF
MICRODELETION IN KOREANS
Jan Li1, Richard Li2
1
Stuyvesant High School, New York City Department of
Education, New York, United States; 2Department of Sciences,
John Jay College of Criminal Justice, City University of New
York, New York, United States
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
blood meal stain was evaluated. Additionally, the presence of
PCR inhibitors in the sample was monitored using an internal
positive control in the qPCR assay. To evaluate the integrity
of the nuclear DNA isolated, autosomal short tandem repeat
analysis was carried out. DNA profiles obtained from blood
meal stains were evaluated. The potential application of
forensic DNA analysis of mosquito blood meal stains for
criminal investigation will be discussed.
Blood stains belonging to a perpetrator or victim found
at a crime scene are important evidence for crime scene
investigations. This evidence can establish victim-to-scene
and perpetrator-to-scene linkages to provide investigative
leads. Some studies reported the possibility of detecting
human DNA from blood meals of mosquitoes. Specifically
in 2006, it was reported that a murder case was solved using
a mosquito’s blood meal stain to link a victim to a suspect.
One of the aspects of the analysis is to determine the source
of the blood stain using forensic DNA analysis methods.
Human DNA profiles can be obtained from mosquitoes three
days or more after a feeding. Thus, human blood evidence
recovered from mosquitoes can be potentially useful for
criminal investigations particularly in criminal cases where
individuals were under prolonged isolation or confinement.
In this study, blood meal samples more typically encountered
in actual forensic cases were analyzed. Fed mosquitoes
that rested on walls of a dwelling unit were killed using a
flyswatter. Dry blood meal stains on walls were collected
using a double-swab technique. The dry stain was swabbed
using a moistened swab first. The moisture left by the first
swab was absorbed by the second dry swab. The swabs
were air-dried and then stored at ambient temperature.
The mosquito remains were also collected for species
identification. To evaluate the quantity and quality of human
DNA recovered from the samples, DNA from the swabs
was extracted. Human DNA was quantitated using a humanspecific qPCR assay. Thus, average DNA yield from a single
538
Myung Jin Park, Sammy Jung, Won Hae Lee, Na Yeon Kim,
Jin Myung Lee, Jong Jin Kim, Nam Soo Cho, Ki Won Park
Forensic DNA Analysis Division, Forensic DNA Analysis
Division, Wonju, Korea (South)
The Y-STR markers located on the male specific region of
the Y chromosome (MSY) are widely used in the study of
human evolution, forensics, and population genetics. About
one-third of the euchromatic MSY region is composed
of large repetitive units, of different composition, size,
number of copies and orientation. Especially, the highly
repetitive structure of the azoospermia factor (AZF) regions
favors deletions occurring as a result of intrachromosomal
recombination mechanisms between homologous sequences.
Therefore, the use of Y-STR markers lie on the AZF regions
can reveal such variants through the absence or duplication
of the specific markers in haplotypes. Null alleles at DYS448
and all those at DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS437, DYS438 and
DYS439 were observed in Korean haplotypes data typed with
the PowerPlex® Y23 system. For molecular characterization
of the null alleles, we performed deletion mapping the
chromosomes carrying the null alleles using sequence tagged
sites (STSs) around the STR markers. Here, we present a
candidate mechanism of AZF rearrangement affecting the
locus deletion and explain whether the deletion of DYS448
is independent events or have a common origin by SNP and
STR haplotyping.
KEYWORDS Y CHROMOSOME MICRODELETION; Y
CHROMOSOME MICRODELETION; HAPLOTYPE
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
P 10-13
ANALYSIS FOR CHARACTERIZATION OF COMPLEX
ALLELIC VARIANTS USING TORRENT SUITE
SOFTWARE (4.0) PLUGIN BASED NEXT GENERATION
SEQUENCING
Seri Lim1, Jong Pil Youn1, Seung Yong Hwang1, Kyoungdon
Kwak2 , Dongho Choi2 , Myunsoo Han2 , Richard Chung3
1
Genomics Team, Genocheck.co.ltd., Seoul, Korea (South);
2
Forensic DNA Division, National Forensic Service, Seoul,
Korea (South); 3Seoul International School, Seoul, Korea
(South)
There is diversity in the part of STRs (Short Tandem Repeats)
according to the number of repeating regular sequencing
continually. Accordingly, it can be used as core technology
of DNA identification to investigate the molecular biological
variation of allele by identifying the difference in the repeated
sequencing. In particular, the increase of detection rate of
effective STRs analysis technique from the small amount
(Low Copy Number) sample is very important technology to
overcome the limit of criminal investigation. But, it is in its
new approach based on the advanced STRs analysis which
can supplement its weakness by analyzing the sequencing of
STR marker with a high rate of mutation.
This study was to use the micro sequencer of plug-in based
on the analysis method of the next generation sequencing
(NGS) in order to substitute the limit of STRs analysis which
uses the existing polymerase chain reaction (PCR). As a
result, this study has found out the difference of allele in the
people STRs market in 1ng of a small amount of sample. This
study was to analyze the allele for 13 CODIS covers from
HID_STR_Genotyper plug-in after analyzing the Personal
Genome Analyzer (PGM) sequencing data of Ion Torrent.
KEYWORDS SHORT TANDEM REPEATS; FORENSIC DNA
TYPING; NEXT GENERATION SEQUENCING
OPTIMIZATION OF SPERMATOZOA DETECTION AND
DNA RECOVERY USING IMMUNOFLUORESCENT
STAINING AND LASER MICRODISSECTION
Yueh Shyang Ping1, Xavier Liang Shun Chan1, Sze Kae Goh1,
Christopher Kiu Choong Syn2
1
Biology Division, Applied Sciences Group, Health Sciences
Authority, Singapore; 2Biology Division, Applied Sciences
Group, Health Sciences Authority, Singapore, Department
of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore,
Singapore
KEYWORDS
S P E R M AT O Z O A ; L A S E R
MICRODISSECTION; IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE
P 10-15
EVALUATION OF THE RAPIDHIT™ 200 HUMAN DNA
IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM
Yong Han Phua1, Jiatian Ang1, Eileen Shuzhen Loo1, Woan
Foon Looi1, Christopher Kiu Choong Syn2
1
Biology Division, Applied Sciences Group, Health Sciences
Authority, Singapore; 2Biology Division, Applied Sciences
Group, Health Sciences Authority, Singapore, Department
of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore,
Singapore
DNA profiling has now become a crucial tool in both
crime investigations and identification of disaster victims.
Standard DNA processing methods used in most forensic
DNA laboratories generally require 30-60 minutes for DNA
extraction, 90-120 minutes for DNA quantification, 180
minutes for DNA amplification and 45 minutes for capillary
electrophoresis, adding up to a total of approximately 6-8
hours before the generation of results. This may, in certain
scenarios, prove to be too long. For example in a small
539
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
P 10-14
The visualization of spermatozoa in possible semen stains
on intimate swabs and fabrics provide reliable confirmatory
evidence in sexual assault cases. Our laboratory currently
reports the detection of Semenogelin and Prostate-Specific
Antigen as biomarkers of semen, followed by differential
lysis DNA extraction to separate spermatozoa from
epithelial cell fractions. However, mixed autosomal STR
profiles may still arise from incomplete separation and/or
degraded spermatozoa, making interpretation of the profiles
challenging. In cases involving oligospermic males, the
male STR profile may even be masked by the overwhelming
female DNA.
The objective of the current project is to evaluate the use
of immunofluorescence staining of spermatozoa (Sperm
HY-LITERTM) in combination with laser microdissection
(LEICA ® LMD6500) for the detection and isolation of
spermatozoa from a mixture of cells. Sensitivity, specificity
and cross-reactivity of this approach were assessed using cell
mixtures on PPS (polyphenylene sulfide) membrane slides
stained with the fluorescent-labelled spermatozoa-specific
monoclonal antibodies. DNA profiling of laser microdissected
spermatozoa was performed to determine the’purity’ of the
dissection and the minimum number of spermatozoa required
for generation of complete STR profiles.
WFF2014
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
country like Singapore (~ 710 km2), 8 hours is ample time for
the perpetrator to cross the border. Therefore, it is vital that
DNA analysis be faster.
The RapidHITTM 200 Human Identification System from
IntegenX Inc. is an example of a fast DNA processing
platform. It has the ability to simultaneously process up to 7
reference buccal samples. The buccal swabs are placed into
single-use disposable cartridges and no human intervention
is required for DNA extraction through to capillary
electrophoresis. The profile generated in about 2 hours could
then be searched against a DNA database, leading to the
possible identification of the suspect in a fraction of the time
required for the standard approach.
In the current study, a variety of different samples (touch
samples, blood mixtures, cigarette butts) were prepared
in pairs and processed using both the RapidHITTM 200
instrument and the laboratory validated method (Promega
DNA-IQ technology on Maxwell-16 instrument).
Admissibility of DNA profiles for Court use in US and many
European jurisdictions requires the DNA profiling process
to be performed by an accredited forensic laboratory. As the
RapidHITTM 200 instrument was designed for use by law
enforcement officials in non-laboratory settings, this study
also evaluated the possibility of recovering the samples
from the disposable cartridges for re-processing within our
laboratory using validated methods.
The DNA profiles obtained from the various methods
were evaluated for their quality (stutters, peak heights,
morphology) and percentage recovery of alleles and loci.
The results of this study showed that the RapidHITTM
200 instrument could readily handle blood mixtures and
cigarette butts, but the performance with touch samples was
highly variable. Additional tests have further shown the
RapidHITTM 200 instrument to perform well with buccal
swabs, FTA punch discs, and bone marrow samples.
KEYWORDS RAPID DNA ANALYSIS; COMPARISON
WITH STANDARD METHODS; SUITABILITY OF
DIFFERENT SAMPLE TYPES
P 10-16
FORENSIC EVALUATION OF NGS TECHNOLOGY ON
INDIVIDUAL IDENTIFICATION FROM ARTIFICIALLY
MIXED DNA SAMPLES
Kyung Chan Park1, Han Koo1, Se-Yong Kim2 , Han Chul
Lee2 , Kwang Man Woo2 , Seung Hwan Lee2
1
Biomedical Genomic Research Cencer, Kribb, Daejeon, Korea
(South); 2DNA Forensic Division, Supreme Prosecutor’s Office,
540
Seoul, Korea (South)
Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technology can provide
not only qualitative information on STR sequences (alleles
size) but also quantitative information on the relative amount
of STRs. The availability of this quantitative information
allows for the interpretation of mixtures in a detailed way
which has not been previously possible with multiplex PCR
and capillary electrophoresis technology. The main goal of
this work is to test if NGS technology could be employed
for retrieving genetic information useful for individual
identification from mixed specimens not evaluable with the
conventional analytical protocols. Together with the common
autosomal STRs, we determined the sequence of Y-STRs
as well as SNP regions containing multiple SNPs with high
frequency which were selected from HapMap SNP database.
In addition, we compared appropriateness of two different
deep sequencing methods, 454 GS Junior and Illumina MiSeq
sequencing, for the individual identification from mixed
DNA samples at different mix ratio. The results of this work
provide a promising insight into the potential of the NGS
technology for identifying individuals from criminal mixed
specimens.
KEYWORDS INDIVIDUAL IDENTIFICATION; NEXT
GENERATION SEQUENCING; MIXED DNA SAMPLE
P 10-17
A VALIDATION STUDY TO APPLY OF POWERPLEX®
Y23 KIT IN DNA PROFILING OF SEXUAL ASSAULT
SAMPLES.
Haeyong Lee, In Kwan Hwang, Min-Sun Park, Kyu-Sik
Jeong, Sun-Hee Park, Dong-Ho Choi, Pil-Won Kang
Division of DNA Analysis, National Forensic Service, Seoul,
Korea (South)
In this study, we evaluated the sensitivity and efficiency of
PowerPlex® Y23 kit (PPY23 kit) in Y-STR DNA profiling by
comparing the other commonly used AmpFLSTR® Y-filerTM
kit (Y-filer kit).To determine the sensitivity, AmpFLSTR®
Identifiler PLUS (ID PLUS kit) kit was additionally
compared with two kits. In serial dilutions of single source
DNA samples, full profiles using Y-filer kit and ID PLUS
kit were obtained with 62.5 pg of DNA. Although PPY23
kit includes more loci than Y-filer kit and ID PLUS kit, its
full and correct profile was detected with 31 pg of DNA,
establishing the PPY23 kit as a sensitive method for STR
testing. In male : female DNA mixtures of varying ratios,
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
Y-filer kit generated the complete DNA profiles at 1 : 4, 000
ratio. Under the same conditions, PPY23 kit produced the full
DNA profiles at 1 : 20, 000 ratio, suggesting the PPY23 kit as
an effective kit for Y-STR profiling of male : female mixtures.
Holding the input amounts of 1 ng total DNA, mixtures of
two male DNA samples were examined at various ratios.
All three kits produced the full DNA profiles at 1 : 3 and 3
: 1 ratio. Taken together, these results suggest that PPY23
kit is more useful than Y-filer kit for Y-STR DNA profiling,
especially in male : female DNA mixtures.
KEYWORDS Y- S T R S ; A U T O S O M A L S T R S ; D N A
PROFILING
P 10-18
EASYPUNCH™ AUTOMATED PUNCHING OF
SAMPLES COLLECTED ON WHATMAN™ FTA™
CARDS
Alan Pierce1, Pete Tatnell1, Julie French2 , Stefan Mauch3 ,
Reto Menzi3 , Nando Giovanoli3 , Laurent Baron3
1
GE Healthcare, Amersham Place, Little Chalfont,
Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom; 2GE Healthcare, 800
Centennial Ave, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States;
3
Hamilton Bonaduz AG, Via Crusch 8, CH-7402 Bonaduz,
Switzerland
FTA; AUTOMATION; STR
P 10-19
DETECTION OF IRRELEVANT MALE DNA PROFILE
IN SEXUAL ASSAULT EVIDENCE COLLECTION KIT;
ALLEGED FAMILIAL CONTAMINATION.
Jung-Yoon Lee1, Eun-Jung Lee1, Gang-Nam Jin1, Man-Il
Kim1, Dong-Sub Lee2
1
Crime-Scene DNA Section, Gwangju Institute, National
Forensic Service, Gwangju, Korea (South); 2Crime-Scene DNA
Division, Seoul Institute, National Forensic Service, Seoul,
Korea (South)
The serious rape occurred in Wan-ju, Jeonbuk province on
March 9, 2013. The victim, who was a high school student,
18 years old, was on her way home after getting off the bus at
night. No one was in the scene to watch the rape. Within 12
hours, the evidence was gathered in sexual assault evidence
collection kit. In this case, there was no witness and also
victim’s memory is not vivid due to darkness, so DNA was
the only source of evidence. Since all evidence is stained
with menstrual blood and negative for semen, every part of
them such as panty and sanitary pad is focused and collected
to obtain trace DNA which is transferred from suspect. As
we expected, one male DNA profile is obtained from clean
part of victim’s panty that is not stained with her menstrual
blood. This profile is not matched in DNA database and some
suspects but is suspected not to exclude paternity with victim
in 17 loci. After requiring and analyzing buccal swab of
victim’s father, it is clear that the male profile from victim’s
panty is matched with father’s. But from investigator, it is
noticed that he is already excluded in suspect. Therefore, this
is one of the rare cases of alleged familial contamination in
sexual assault evidence collection kit.
KEYWORDS
DNA; RAPE; CONTAMINATION
P 10-20
VALIDATION AND POPULATION GENETIC STUDY
USING POWER PLEX® FUSION SYSTEM AND GLOBAL
FILERTM
Jihye Park, Younhyoung Nam, Hyunchul Park, Jinmyung
Lee, Hyehyeon Lee, Hansol Kwon, Si-Keun Lim
Forensic DNA Division, National Forensic Service, Won Ju,
Korea (South)
541
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
Background : In response to increasing sample numbers,
Human Identification (HID) laboratories require streamlined
workflows in order to enable greater efficiency when
performing STR based DNA profiling. The introduction of
direct PCR amplification in combination with Whatman FTA
card based reference samples has removed the requirement
for DNA extraction, quantitation and normalization,
producing a workflow which is more time and cost effective.
Hamilton Robotics and GE Healthcare have developed an
automated system which integrates sample card punching and
liquid dispensing.
Methods : A study was conducted to provide a comprehensive
look at the ability of the system to pick, punch and prepare the
FTA card-based DNA samples prior to PCR for forensic HID
databasing, whilst detailing the robustness, quality and yield
of returned STR profiles.
Results and Conclusions : The testing performed shows that
the easyPunch instrument is comparable to a manual punch
system typically used in a HID laboratory. In addition, the
instrument reproducibly dispenses punches into target wells
and does not generate “carryover” contamination when a
“cleaning” punch is used between samples.
KEYWORDS
WFF2014
Recently European Network of Forensic Science Institutes
(ENFIS) and European DNA Profiling Group (EDNAP)
have decided to add five new markers (D10S1248, D1S1656,
D22S1045, D2S441, D12S391) into European Standard Set
(ESS) to cope with an increase of false positive match caused
by DNA data increase. In Korea, we use 17 loci including
D2S1338, D19S433 and 2 pentas with 13 CODIS markers
to identify individuals. However, in case of a paternity test,
it is also required to use more markers to raise probabilistic
discrimination. Global FilerTM and Power Plex® Fusion
System Kits have new five markers and one Y chromosome
marker (DYS391). These markers are useful not only for
a paternity test but also for identifying mixed crime scene.
We compared both kits to evaluate their efficiency through
internal validation studies such as sensitivity, reproducibility
and mixture test : heterozygote balance, allelic drop in, drop
out. Full profiles were shown as low as 125 pg of template at
down scale reaction volume. We will carry out inhibitor test
and analyze 1, 000 Korean.
POPULATION; VALIDATION; GLOBAL
FILER, FUSION SYSTEMS
KEYWORDS
markers for identification of body fluids for use in forensic
science using the Illumina HumanMethylation 450K bead
array, which contains over 450, 000 CpG sites. Using
methylome data from 16 samples of blood, saliva, semen, and
vaginal secretions, we first selected 2986 hypermethylated
or hypomethylated regions that were specific for each
type of body fluid. We then selected eight CpG sites as
novel, forensically relevant DNA methylation markers
: cg06379435 and cg08792630 for blood, cg26107890
and cg20691722 for saliva, cg23521140 and cg17610929
for semen, and cg01774894 and cg14991487 for vaginal
secretions. These eight selected markers were evaluated in
80 body fluid samples using pyrosequencing, and all showed
high sensitivity and specificity for identification of the target
body fluid. We suggest that these eight DNA methylation
markers may be good candidates for developing an effective
molecular assay for identification of body fluids in forensic
science.
KEYWORDS DNA METHYLATION; BODY FLUID; 450K
BEAD ARRAY
P 10-22
P 10-21
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
IDENTIFICATION OF BODY FLUID-SPECIFIC DNA
METHYLATION MARKERS FOR USE IN FORENSIC
SCIENCE
Jong-Lyul Park1, Oh-Hyung Kwon1, Jong Hwan Kim1,
Hyang-Sook Yoo1, Han-Cheol Lee3 , Kwang-Man Woo3 ,
Seon-Young Kim1, Seung-Hwan Lee3 , Yong Sung Kim1
1
Medical Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute
of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea (South);
2
Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of
Science of Technology, Daejeon, Korea (South); 3DNA Forensic
Division, Supreme Prosecutor’s Office, Seoul, Korea (South)
DNA methylation, which occurs at the 5’-position of the
cytosine in CpG dinucleotides, has great potential for
forensic identification of body fluids, because tissue-specific
patterns of DNA methylation have been demonstrated,
and DNA is less prone to degradation than proteins or
RNA. Previous studies have reported several body fluid–
specific DNA methylation markers, but DNA methylation
differences are sometimes low in saliva and vaginal
secretions. Moreover, specific DNA methylation markers in
four types of body fluids (blood, saliva, semen, and vaginal
secretions) have not been investigated with genome-wide
profiling. Here, we investigated novel DNA methylation
542
ULTRA-FAST PCR OF SELECTED MRNA MARKERS
FOR FORENSIC BODY FLUID IDENTIFICATION
Seon-Young Kim, Jeong-Hwan Kim, Seung-Hwan Lee, Han
Chul Lee, Kwang Man Woo, Yong Sung Kim
Medical Genomics Research Center, Kribb, Daejeon, Korea
(South)
Correct identification of a body fluid type from a crime scene
is crucial in some crime cases such as sexual assaults. We
have recently reported a set of mRNA markers for forensic
body fluid identification using a multiplexed qRT-PCR
method. Here, we report an alternative assay method based
on ultra-fast real-time PCR machine which requires as low
as 50 pg of total RNA as an input material. When we tested
10 markers (3 for blood, 3 for semen, 2 for saliva, and 2 for
vaginal secretion) in 138 samples, we obtained an overall
accuracy of body fluid identification as high as 97.9%. We
found that PPBP and CCL5 were good markers for blood
identification and MSMB and NKX3-1 were good markers
for semen identification. We suggest that ultra-fast real-time
PCR based assay is appropriate for forensic use as it is fast,
accurate, and requires low input material.
KEYWORDS
BODY-FLUID; MRNA; ULTRA-FAST PCR
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
P 10-25
IMPLICATION FOR FORENSIC DIAGNOSIS OF
SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH BY POSTMORTEM
MESSENGER RNA EXPRESSION PROFILES ON
HUMAN MYOCARDIAL AUTOPSY MATERIALS.
Ji Yeon Kim, Yunmi Kim, Jin Wook Kim, Hyo Kyeong Cha,
Juck-Joon Hwang, Seong Hwan Park, Gi Hoon Son
Department of Legal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea
University, Seoul 136-705, Korea (South)
KEYWORDS S U D D E N C A R D I A C D E AT H ; H E A RT
FAILURE; POSTMORTEM RNA EXPRESSION
P 10-26
ESTIMATION OF POSTMORTEM INTERVAL USING
DIFFERENTIAL DEGRADATION RATES AMONG
SUBDOMAINS OF 28S RIBOSOMAL RNA
Yunmi Kim, Ji Yeon Kim, Kil Myeong Lee, Juck-Joon
Hwang, Seong Hwan Park, Gi Hoon Son
Department of Legal Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
An estimation of postmortem interval (PMI) is a key issue
in the field of forensic medicine; multiple approaches based
on physiological, histological and biochemical changes
are currently employed. Since quantitative analyses of
RNA profiles from postmortem tissues have been recently
available, several previous studies tried to utilize the
degradation profiles of constitutively expressed RNA species
to estimate PMI. However, conventional quantification
methods employed thus far have limitations primarily
due to difficulties in standardization and normalization of
the amount of target RNAs. In this context, we recently
found an important feature that a certain RNA transcript
exhibits differential postmortem degradation rates among
its subdomains. As exemplified in the present study, the
5’-end of 28S ribosomal RNA (rRNA), which forms tight
stem-loop structures and associate with 5.8S rRNA, is
remarkably stable during postmortem RNA degradation.
By contrast, subregions containing cell death-associated
cleavage sites appear to be rapidly degraded, presumably due
to their primary sequences as well as structural features. The
differences in degradation rates among these subdomains are
highly proportional to PMI with a strong linear correlation. In
addition, such differential degradation profiles showed tissuedependent features depending on ribonuclease contents.
In conclusion, the present study clearly demonstrate that
comparison of two subdomains of single RNA species with
differential degradation rates can provide more stable and
quantitative information on postmortem degradation states of
the RNAs, which is, in turn implicated in the PMI estimation.
KEYWORDS RIBOSOMAL RNA CLEAVAGE; D8 DOMAIN;
POSTMORTEM INTERVAL ESTIMATION
P 10-28
Y CHROMOSOMAL DELETION PATTERN IN KOREAN
INHABITING JEJU ISLAND
Jihyun Lee1, Hong Xuan Jin1, Sohee Cho1, Vasant Shinde2 ,
Dong Hoon Shin3 , Kyoung-Jin Shin5 , Soong Deok Lee4
1
Department of Forensic Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul
National University, Seoul, Korea (South); 2Department of
Archaeology, Deccan College, Pune, India; 3Department of
Anatomy, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul,
Korea (South); 4Institute of Forensic Medicine, Seoul National
University, Seoul, Korea (South); 5Department of Forensic
Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
(South)
543
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
Sudden cardiac death (SCD), which is primarily caused
by lethal heart disorders resulting in structural and
arrhythmogenic abnormalities, is one of the prevalent modes
of death in most developed countries. Myocardial ischemia
mainly caused by coronary artery disease is the most
common type of heart disease and the leading cause of SCD.
However little is known about the molecular signatures,
particularly related to the severity of myocardial damage and
susceptibility to fatal heart dysfunction. Here, we show that
certain mRNA species, namely those encoding hemoglobin
A1/2 and B (Hba1/2 and Hbb, respectively) as well as
pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (Pdk4), exhibit distinct
postmortem expression patterns in the left ventricular free
wall of SCD subjects when compared with their expression
patterns in the corresponding tissues from control subjects
with non-cardiac causes of death. Hba1/2 and Hbb mRNA
expression levels were higher in ischemic SCD cases with
acute myocardial infarction or ischemic heart disease without
recent infarction, and even in cardiac death subjects without
apparent pathological signs of heart injuries, than control
subjects. By contrast, Pdk4 mRNA was expressed at lower
levels in SCD subjects. The results of our study demonstrates
that altered myocardial Hba1/2, Hbb, and Pdk4 mRNA
expression patterns can be employed as molecular signatures
of fatal cardiac dysfunction to forensically implicate SCD as
the primary cause of death.
(South)
WFF2014
Mutation occurs in the Y chromosome, like other genes.
Compared to autosomal genes, however, the Y chromosome
does not undergo recombination, so people in different areas
may have different distribution patterns of Y chromosomal
mutation. Detailed information derived from Y chromosomal
mutation thus might provide further tool on personal
identification or phylogenetic history. In Y- STR tests on
668 habitants of the Jeju island, which is the largest island in
Korean peninsula located apart from the mainland, deletion
at DYS448 were shown in 10 samples. We estimated the
length of deletion by confirming specific sequence tagged site
(STS) makers ranging from G66018 to sY1201 and we found
that the pattern was similar with that of Kalmyks who is the
historical ancestry of Mongolian. Historically, the Jeju island
was governed by Mongolian for about 100 years since 1273.
Our results suggest this historical effect on human gene.
Further we searched previous reports on Y chromosomal
deletions and reviewed area-specific Y chromosomal
mutations in the view point of regional difference. This study
can be useful to better understand genetic structure of Jeju
habitants as well as Korean population for the purpose of
forensic practice and population genetic.
KEYWORDS
injection (180 mg as testosterone, n=25). DNA was extracted
from fresh blood (n=112) and urine cryopreserved for 1-1.5
years (n=66) using a Puregene Blood Core Kit. UGT2B17
deletion-type was analyzed using a UGT2B17 copy number
assay (Hs03185327, Life Technologies Japan).
The frequency of each UGT2B17 deletion-type using blood
DNA in 112 Japanese men was 69.6% (del/del), 28.5%
(ins/del) and 1.8% (ins/ins). Basal T level and the increase
in T/ET level after a testosterone injection were lower in
subjects with deletion (del/del) than non-deletion (ins/del
or ins/ins) genotype. Although DNA in urine is extremely
less quantity and decreases under any storage conditions,
the discrimination between the deletion and non-deletion
genotype was possible in 94% of urine samples cryopreserved
for 1-1.5 years (5-7 mL each) by copy number assay.
These findings show that T/ET ratio and UGT2B17 deletiontype can be analyzed via urine samples, without the need for
the collection of other samples, such as blood or buccal cells.
The combination of T/ET ratio and UGT2B17 deletion-type
may help inform decisions regarding a genotype specific T/
ET cutoff ratio.
KEYWORDS URINE DNA; UGT2B17 GENOTYPING;
DOPING ANALYSIS
Y-STR; DELETION; JEJU ISLAND
P 10-29
UGT2B17 DELETION TYPING WITH URINARY DNA TO
DETERMINE TESTOSTERONE ABUSE
POSTER PRESENTATION 11
MASS DISASTER (MD)
Kimiko Aoki , Hirofumi Shinohara , Hiroyuki Tanaka ,
Makoto Ueki1
1
Anti-doping Research Laboratory, Japan Chemical Analysis
Center, Tokyo, Japan; 2Nihon Pharmaceutical University,
Saitama, Japan
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
1,2
1
1
Testosterone, an anabolic steroid, is listed as a banned
substance by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA).
Urinary ratio of testosterone glucuronide (T) to
epitestosterone glucuronide (ET) of 4.0 or above is considered
suspicious. However, a degree of variation has been observed
in T/ET ratio between individuals from both the same and
different ethnic backgrounds, mainly due to UGT2B17
deletion genotype (UGT2B17 deletion-type). The aim of this
study was to investigate the use of the same urine sample for
the analysis of T/ET ratio and UGT2B17 deletion-type.
Blood and urine samples were from Japanese men aged 2035 years, who gave informed consent. Urinary T and ET
levels were determined using gas chromatography-mass
spectrometry before (n=112) and 3 days after a testosterone
544
P 11-1
COMPARING DIFFERENT POST MORTEM HUMAN
SAMPLES AS DNA SOURCES FOR DOWNSTREAM
GENOTYPING AND IDENTIFICATION IN THE
PHILIPPINES
Gayvelline Calacal1,2 , Dame Loveliness Apaga2 , Miriam Ruth
Dalet1,2 , Maria Lourdes Honrado1, Joseph Andrew Jimenez3 ,
Pio Renato Villacorta4 , Maria Cecilia Lim5 , Raquel Fortun5 ,
Francisco Datar6 , Maria Corazon De Ungria1,2 , Jazelyn
Salvador1,2 , Paul Ryan Sales1
1
DNA Analysis Laboratory, Natural Sciences Research
Institute, University of The Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City,
Philippines; 2Program on Forensics and Ethnicity, Philippine
Genome Center, National Science Complex, University of The
Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines; 3Forensic
Center, Commission on Human Rights, Central Office,
Philippines; 4Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine,
University of The Philippines Manila, Philippines; 5Department
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of The Philippines
Manila, Philippines; 6Department of Anthropology, College of
Social Science and Philosophy, University of The Philippines
Diliman Quezon City, Philippines
FORENSIC DNA TYPING; HUMAN
REMAINS IDENTIFICATION; MASS DISASTER
INVESTIGATIONS
The capability of DNA laboratories to perform genotyping
procedures from post mortem remains continues to be a
challenge in the Philippines, a country characterized by very
humid and warm conditions all year round. These conditions
accelerate the decomposition of human remains after a
natural disaster, and those which were left abandoned after
the commission of a crime. For human remains that have
been exposed to the environment and when considerable
tissue decomposition has taken place, there is no other
option but to use bone and/or teeth samples as DNA source.
Routinely, femur shafts are collected because the calcium
matrix protects the DNA contained in the osteocytes.
However, there is difficulty in collecting femur samples
after a mass disaster in the Philippines because these events
are usually characterized by a large number of fatalities,
delayed response in relation to identification of casualties
and limited human and material resources for disaster victim
identification. The selection of the type of biological sample
will impact on successful identification via DNA typing.
Hence, there is a need to test other sample types that are easier
to collect, transport, store and process.
We analyzed femur, rib, clavicle, vertebra, metatarsal,
patella, muscle tissue, bone marrow and vitreous fluid
samples from exhumed human remains buried for ~1 month
as DNA sources for genotyping. Samples were obtained
in various post mortem and environmental conditions. A
DNA extraction method utilizing a detergent-washing step
followed by an organic procedure was used to extract DNA.
The utility of bone marrow and vitreous fluid samples on
FTA™ cards as DNA sources for downstream DNA typing
was also evaluated. DNA quantity and presence of PCR
inhibitors in DNA extracts were assessed with Plexor®HY.
Genetic profiles were amplified using PowerPlex®21 and
PowerPlexY®23 systems and analyzed using the AB3500
Genetic Analyzer and the GeneMapper® ID-X v.1.2 software.
Inhibitors were detected in tissue, bone marrow, rib and
vertebra samples. Amplifiable DNA was recovered with
interpretable DNA profiles in a majority of the samples
analyzed including those which were treated with formalin
and buried. DNA recovery from 0.1 g biological material was
adequate for successful genotyping. Complete DNA profiles
were generated from femur, metatarsal, patella and bone
marrow with as little as 100 pg DNA template, hence, are
suitable sources of DNA in human remains identification.
P 11-2
KEYWORDS
BUILDING DVI TEAMS IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC
Tomas Doubek, Petr Svarc, Petr Bendl
Dvi Team, Institution of Criminalistics Prague, Prague, Czech
Republic
KEYWORDS
DVI; MASS DISASTERS; VICTIM
545
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
The events in which have occurred a larger number of deaths
have increased in a few last years. These accidents can be
caused by natural forces (such as floods, gales, tsunami,
earthquake, etc.), terrorist attacks or traffic accidents (falls of
airplanes, the sinking of a ship, car crash, etc.). In all cases, a
large number of victims may have a common phenomenon - a
great number of victims to be unambiguously identified. The
identification of mass disaster victims is needed not only for
legal reasons, but also for humanitarian or religious reasons.
Therefore, it is impossible to underrate issues related to the
identification of a larger number of victims.
In the Czech Republic, these issues were not dealt with
systematically.
The change has come after the Institute of Criminalistics
Prague joined the program of Swiss - Czech cooperation,
where the project “DVI Team of the Police of the Czech
Republic - theoretical and practical preparation and technical
support” was created. The objective is to establish DVI team
in the Czech Republic, provision of material support, training
of DVI members and the creation of the training program.
The poster presents existing achievements of the project
implementation team, structure of the Czech DVI team and
further introduces the training scheme that took place in
Switzerland in attendance of the mentors from the
Swiss DVI team. Particularly international cooperation
between Czech and Swiss police forces greatly affected the
course of the building of the Czech DVI team that is currently
fully prepared in case of a mass disaster on the territory of the
Czech Republic or if necessary, anywhere in the world.
WFF2014
POSTER PRESENTATION 12
TOXICOLOGY / ILLICIT DRUGS (TI): TOXICOLOGY
P 12-1
THE INTERACTION OF D3 RECEPTOR AND THE
EXPRESSION OF CYTOSKELETAL PROTEIN Β
-ACTIN IN THE MORPHINE EXPOSED MICE
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
Zhe Zhang
Toxicology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Public Health for
Forensic Science, College of Forensic Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong
University, Xi’an, China
Introduction : The dopamine receptor D3 (DRD3) encodes
the D3 subtype of the five (D1-D5) dopamine receptors.
The activity of the D3 subtype receptor is mediated by G
proteins which inhibit adenylyl cyclase. The role of DRD3 in
morphine dependence remains unclear. It suggested that the
DRD3 accounts for the negative regulation of the mesolimbic
dopaminergic pathway. The β-actin is the main element
of cytoskeleton microfilament. There were several studies
indicated that the β-actin phosphorylation was increased
by morphine stimulation. Therefore, there might be an
interaction between DRD3 and the expression of β-actinin the
morphine induced brain.
Methods : Morphine dependence was induced by chronic
morphine administration in wide type (DR3 +/+) mouse and
DRD3 knock-out (DR3 -/-) one. For disclosing the role of
D3 receptors in morphine dependence, withdrawal symptoms
were evaluated in the morphine addiction behaviors. In
addition, the expression of β-actin phosphorylation was
analyzed in NAc, PFC and CPu in the four groups, which
were DR3 +/+ mouse-saline, DR3 -/- mouse-saline,
DR3 +/+ mouse-morphine and D3-/- mouse-morphine.
Withdrawal symptoms were monitored for 30 min after
naloxone injection. For the seven withdrawal symptoms,
counting jumps and backward walking, checking diarrhea
(0-5 levels), writhing (1-6levels), tremor (1-6levels) and
irritability (1-6levels), and the weight loss.The expression
of phosphorylated β-actin in different brain nuclei were
analyzed by western blotting. SPSS 18.0 and GraphPad Prism
5.0 were used for statistical analysis.
Results : The morphine administration mice showed
significant withdrawal symptoms after naloxone injection,
which indicated that we had induced morphine dependence
in DR3-/- mouse successfully. For behavior study, DR3-/mouse had more severe withdrawal symptoms than in the
normal one.
We analyzed the expression level of phosphorylated β-actin
546
in NAc, PFC and CPu in different groups of mice, which
had significant differences. In NAc, there was a significantly
higher expression of phosphorylated β-actin in DR3+/+ mice
(p<0.01). As for chronic morphine dependence, the DR3/- mice displayed a significantly lower expression level of
phosphorylated β-actin than the normal mice (p<0.05). In
PFC, there was a higher level of β-actin phosphorylation,
but the result was not statistically significant (p>0.05) in
D3+/+ mice. Meanwhile, the state of morphine dependence
resulted in a lower level of β-actin phosphorylation in NAc
of DR3-/- mice (p<0.01). As for CPu, neither morphine
dependence nor DR3-/- could induce changes in the level of β
-actin phosphorylation (p>0.05). The results showed that the
phosphorylated β-actin expressed undifferentiated in the CPu
of four groups of mice.
Conlusion : There was an interaction between DRD3 and the
expression of β-actin in the morphine induced brain in this
study, especially in the NAc and PFC. Deficiency of DRD3
would cause a series of disorder in regulation of signaling
pathway through the decreased expression of cytoskeleton
protein phosphorylation. As drug withdrawal occurred, the
speed of adaptive response, such as structural transformation
of cytoskeletal protein, would be attenuate, which might
explain the aggravated withdrawal symptoms.
KEYWORDS
MORPHINE DEPENDENCE;
CYTOSKELETON PROTEIN; DRD3 KNOCK-OUT MICE
P 12-2
TOXICOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSES OF
AN AUTOPSY CASE INVOLVING AN ORAL ABUSE OF
MULTIPLE ANTIDIABETIC AND ANTIHYPERTENSIVE
DRUGS
Mariko Tominaga1, Takaki Ishikawa2 , Tomomi Michiue1,
Masashi Takama3 , Hitoshi Maeda1
1
Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical
School (Ocums-Lm) and Mlcpi-Sc, Osaka, Japan; 2Division
of Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University /
Ocums-Lm, Yonago / Osaka, Japan; 3Analysis and Evaluation
Group, Foundation for Promotion of Material Science and
Technology of Japan / Ocums-Lm, Tokyo / Osaka, Japan
[Introduction] Insulin overdose is a rare but important cause
of death in forensic toxicology since biochemical analysis is
needed for identification of abused human-type insulin. Oral
antidiabetics can also cause fatal hypoglycemia, but can be
chemically identified and quantified; however, biochemical
investigation is important to assess the biological
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
under the prolonged influence of amlodipine overdose.
Low BNP with slightly increased ANP in pericardial fluid
suggested prolonged hypotension with elevated atrial
pressures. The overdose effect of furosemide on electrolytes
was not identified. These observations suggest the usefulness
of combination of toxicological and biochemical analyses in
postmortem investigation of abuse of these drugs.
KEYWORDS ORAL ABUSE; ANTIDIABETIC DRUG;
ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUG
P 12-3
IN VITRO REACTION OF FORMALDEHYDE WITH
DRUGS AND POISONS: IDENTIFICATION OF THE
CONVERSION PRODUCTS
Tanasiri Yokchue, Robert Anderson
Forensic Medicine & Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow,
United Kingdom
In tropical countries, formalin, the active ingredient of which
is formaldehyde, is injected into cadavers as an embalming
solution to reduce body decomposition and preserve the
body for a longer time. All drugs present in the body will be
exposed to formaldehyde, a highly reactive substance that
can chemically react with analytes, resulting in decreasing
concentrations of the original compounds and producing
one or more new substances. Occasionally, in some cases,
formalin-blood, formalin-fixed tissue or embalming fluid is
required for drugs analysis, and an analysis of these samples
may create a false negative or false positive because of the
reaction between drugs and formaldehyde. Previous studies
on the chemical reactivity between formalin solution and
drugs demonstrated that many drugs are unstable in formalinfixed tissue and or the formalin solution in which the tissue is
stored. In particular, primary and secondary amines can react
with formaldehyde to form secondary and tertiary amines by
the Eschweiler–Clarke reaction.
The present study was aimed at quantification of the
original drugs and identification of their degradation
products in formalin solution. In order to evaluate the
effect of formaldehyde on drugs and poisons, a range of
model compounds was used, including amphetaminetype stimulants (amphetamine, methamphetamine, and
3, 4-methylenedioxy-N-methamphetamine (MDMA)),
benzodiazepines (alprazolam and diazepam), opiates
(morphine, hydromorphone, codeine, and hydrocodone)
and a carbamate insecticide (carbosulfan), which are often
associated with cases of suicide, homicide, accidental
547
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
consequence of overdose. Such cases of oral antidiabetics
abuse may involve other drugs for lifestyle-related disease,
especially antihypertensives. The present study was a
toxicological and biochemical investigation of drugs and
biochemical profiles in a fatality following oral abuse of
multiple antidiabetic and antihypertensive drugs.
[Materials and Methods] The deceased was a 55 year-old
woman, who died about 2 days after ingestion of’about
110 tablets of furosemide, amlodipine and glibenclamide’,
which were prescribed for her husband. Forensic autopsy
and histology demonstrated no evident pathology as the
cause of death. Biochemical and toxicological analyses were
performed using heart and peripheral blood as well as body
fluids.
[Results] Postmortem biochemical investigation showed low
glucose levels (0–5 mg/dL) in blood and body fluids without
increased serum insulin (1.34–3.30 µg/mL) and C-peptide
(0.25–1.41 ng/mL), accompanied by increased glucagon.
Serum chloride concentration was low (71–81 mEq/L), but
otherwise electrolyte disorders were not significant. Serum
renin and aldosterone were not elevated, but angiotensin
I and II were increased, showing dissociation. Brain
natriuretic peptide (BNP) in pericardial fluid remained low,
but atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) was slightly increased.
Toxicological analysis using gas chromatography/mass
spectrometry (GC/MS) and liquid chromatography/mass
spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) detected
lidocaine (4.97 µg/mL in heart blood and 0.12 µg/mL in
urine), which was used in intensive medical care at hospital,
as well as glibenclamide, amlodipine and furosemide : 81 ng/
mL, 190 ng/mL and 19 ng/mL in right heart blood, 54 ng/mL,
72 ng/mL and 16 ng/mL in peripheral blood, and 280 ng/mL,
55 ng/mL and 100 ng/mL in pericardial fluid, respectively.
Glibenclamide and amlodipine, respectively, were also
detected in bone marrow aspirate (50 ng/mL and 25 ng/mL),
urine (2 ng/mL and 320 ng/mL) and stomach contents (3
ng/mL and 240 ng/mL), although furosemide could not be
determined due to a limited quantities of these specimens.
[Discussion and Conclusion] Toxicological data suggested
overdoses of glibenclamide and amlodipine, as well
as the retention of glibenclamide and furosemide in
pericardial fluid. A relatively low pericardial amlodipine
concentration may have been due to its long half-life
(slower distribution and reduction rate) and/or possible
affinity to the myocardium. In addition, biochemical data
indicated hypoglycemia without increased serum insulin
and C-peptides but with increased glucagon as the possible
influence of the overdose of glibenclamide. Dissociation
of angiotensin and renin or aldosterone may have been a
consequence of the short-loop negative feedback mechanism
WFF2014
poisoning and road traffic accident because of their toxicity
and potential for abuse.
Spiked samples in 10% formalin solution (with no pH
adjustment) were stored at room temperature and analysed
at selected times over 30 days. The original drugs were
quantified and their degradation products in formalin solution
were identified and confirmed by gas chromatography-mass
spectrometry (GC/MS) and liquid chromatography - triple
quadrupole mass spectrometer (LC/MS/MS).The results
show that amphetamine (a primary amine) is methylated
producing methamphetamine and methamphetamine
(secondary amine) produces dimethylamphetamine (DMA).
MDMA is methylated producing 3, 4-methylenedioxy-N,
N-dimethylamphetamine (MDDMA). For opiates,
hydrocodone rapidly changes to a more polar compound
that gives an MH+ at m/z 360. Hydromorphone also
changes to more polar compounds with MH+ at m/z 316
and 346. Codeine and morphine are stable in formalin
solution. Furthermore, open-ring alprazolam (5-chloro-[2(3-aminomethyl-5-methyl-1, 2, 4-triazol-4-yl]benzophenone)
was observed as the hydrolysis product of alprazolam.
Carbosulfan is completely hydrolysed to carbofuran within
24 hours.
The forensic toxicologist should consider the degradation
products as potential target analytes when performing drugs
analysis in embalming samples.
KEYWORDS DEGRADATION PRODUCT, FORMALDEHYDE;
AMPHETAMINES, BENZODIAZEPINES, OPIATES,
CARBOSULFAN; LC/MS/MS
medical treatment. We, however, need instruments for the
analysis of them, and the analysis often takes a long time.
Accordingly, the development of screening kits for detecting
them at scenes of autopsy or emergency cases are especially
important and helpful for the investigation of the cause of
death or medical treatment.
We had been attempting to develop screening kits of various
poisons for The purpose Mentioned above, Thus, have
successfully devised detector Tubes for The screening of
Following poisons. These Materials are analyzed with high
Frequency for investigating Cause of death or Medical
Treatment in Japan.
1
. poisonous gases in blood:CO hemoglobin, hydrogen Cyanide,
hydrogen sulfide, Ethanol
2. tear gases : aryl-isothiocyanate, capsaicin
3. agricultural chemicals : paraquat herbicide,
organophosphorus pesticide, phosphorus-containing amino
acid herbicide, carbamate pesticide
4. medicines : acetaminophen. salicylic acid
Poisons in body fluids or gastric content are easily detected
by use of these detector tubes developed within five minutes,
and consequently these tubes are useful for studying the cause
of poisoning at the scene of not only autopsy but also medical
treatment. In this presentation, we’ll introduce and report the
details and the usefulness of these tubes mentioned above. In
addition, we’ll also report a detector tube for phenothiazines
which we are experimentally making now. A part of this
work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers
26933002.
KEYWORDS
SCREENING KIT; POISON; DETECTOR
TUBE
P 12-5
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
SCREENING KITS OF POISONS AVAILABLE AT THE
SCENE OF AUTOPSY OR MEDICAL TREATMENT
Fujio Ishizawa , Tetsuya Ishiwata , Katsuya Honda , Teruo
Muramatsu3
1
Forensic Science Laboratory, Ibaraki Prefectural Police
Headqurters, Mito, Japan; 2Legal Medicine, University of
Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan; 3Tubes R&d Division, Komyo
Rikagaku Kogyo Kk, Kawasaki, Japan
1
1
2
Approximately thirty thousand persons commit suicide
in Japan every year. In them, approximately six thousand
persons kill themselves by taking poisons. Including
survivals, it is suggested that more persons attempt to commit
suicide, and this phenomenon is a social problem. In such
cases, the qualitative or quantitative analysis of used poisons
is important for the investigation of the cause of death or
548
P 12-6
A PRIMARY STUDY ON THE SYNERGISTIC EFFECT
OF DIAZEPAM AND ETHANOL: CHANGES IN MEDIAN
LETHAL DOSE AND METABOLISM OF DIAZEPAM
Rongshuai Wang, Liang Liu, Qian Liu
Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College of
Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
Objective : To study the influences of ethanol on the median
lethal dose and metabolism of diazepam (DZ).
Methods : (1)The acute oral toxicity experimental AOT425
program was used to determine the median lethal doses
(LD50) of diazepam when female mice were administrated
with diazepam alone or combined with different
doses(1150mg/kg, 1725mg/kg, 2300mg/kg) of ethanol.(2)
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
Female mice were administrated with different doses of
DZ(50mg/kg, 100mg/kg, 200mg/kg) alone or combined with
different doses of ethanol(1150mg/kg, 1725mg/kg, 2300mg/
kg) respectively. Mice were executed in each group at 15min,
30min and 60min after administration and heart blood was
collected. HPLC was applied to detect the concentrations
of DZ and its main metabolites, nordiazepam (NDZ) and
oxazepam (OXZ) in heart blood.
Results : (1) The LD50 values of diazepam were lower in DZ
+ Ethanol groups. The decrease of LD50 value was positively
correlated with the increase of ethanol dosage. (2) In the
DZ+Ethanol groups, the concentrations of DZ and OXZ
were lower than DZ groups within 1 hour after poisoning, in
50mg/kg, 100mg/kg DZ+ Ethanol groups, the concentrations
of NDZ were significantly higher at 60min after poisoning
than those in 50mg/kg, 100mg/kg DZ groups, but there were
no statistical differences between different ethanol dosage
groups; in 200mg/kg DZ+ Ethanol (low, medium dose)
groups, the concentrations of NDZ were lower than that in
200mg/kg DZ group at 60min after administration.
Conclusions : (1) There was toxicity synergy (interaction)
between diazepam and ethanol. The LD50 value of diazepam
changes with ethanol dosage in combined poisoning. (2) The
administration dosage contributed to the pharmacokinetic
pattern of DZ with or without ethanol. (3) Within one hour
after poisoning, the concentrations of DZ and OXZ in heart
blood were decreased while that of NDZ were increased
(in 50mg/kg, 100mg/kg DZ groups), when combined with
ethanol. This phenomenon indicated ethanol could inhibit
the metabolism of NDZ. The accumulation of NDZ may
play an important role in the mechanism of toxicity synergy
between diazepam and ethanol. (4) The decrease of the blood
concentration and LD50 value of DZ, in ethanol-diazepam
combined poisoning, should be noticed in postmortem
toxicological analysis and decision of cause of death.
DIAZEPAM; ETHANOL; SYNERGISTIC
P 12-7
SIMULTANEOUS ANALYSIS OF ANALGESICS IN
URINE USING IONIC LIQUID BASED LIQUIDLIQUID EXTRACTION COUPLED WITH HIGHPERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY
Xueguo Chen, Ting Zhang
Forensic Chemistry, National Police University of China,
Shenyang, China
KEYWORDS FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY; ANALGESIC;
IONIC LIQUID
P 12-8
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
KEYWORDS
EFFECT
Drug abuse is increasing among people around the world,
especially among the young people, most drug abusers are
under the age of 30. Drug abuse not only affects human
nature and causes numerous crimes, but also causes a
serious problem throughout the world. Cannabis is the most
widely abused drug in all parts of the world, the abuse of
methylamphetamine and tramadol are commonly rising in
our country at present, because they can be obtained easily
and the prices of them are very lower than other illicit drugs.
In the present study, a specific and sensitive method for
the analysis of analgesics including methylamphetamine
and tramadol in urine using ionic liquid based liquidliquid extraction coupled with high-performance liquid
chromatography has been investigated. The optimal
extraction conditions of these analgesics were listed as follow
: 200μL of acetonitrile as dispersant and 70μL 1-butyl-3methylimidazolium bis (trifluoromethyl) imide as extractant
were added in 3mL sample, the pH value was adjusted to
8.0 with Na2CO3-NaHCO3 buffer and the concentration of
NaCl in sample was 20% (w/v), and then the mixture was
stored in 50ºC water bath for 6min, then was extracted in the
ice bath for 11min, and then the mixture was centrifuged for
4min. Under optimal conditions, good linear relationships
of methamphetamine and tramadol were obtained in the
range of 0.4-200μg/mL and 0.8-200μg/mL, the correlation
coefficient (r) were 0.997 and 0.998, the detection limits were
0.1μg/mL and 0.2μg/mL, enrichment factor were 37 and 44,
respectively.
The results also showed that ionic liquid based highperformance liquid chromatography method is simpler,
requires fewer amounts and has higher extraction efficiency.
DETECTION OF CAFFEINE AND ITS MAIN
METABOLITE IN FINGERPRINT DEPOSITS
BY LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS
SPECTROMETRY
Ting Zhang1, Xueguo Chen1, Ruiqin Yang2 , Yingjian Xu1
1
Department of Forensic Chemistry, National Police University
of China, Shenyang, China; 2College of Forensic Science,
People’s Public Security University of China, Beijing, China
The pattern of ridges and grooves skin on the palms and
fingers are unique to each individual. Each skin ridge is
populated by a row of pores, through which sweat is excreted
549
IAFS POSTER PRESENTATION
Oct 16 (Thu)
WFF2014
and deposited on the surface of skin. All kinds of excreted
and deposited endogenous and exogenous compounds can
be found in sweat contains, such as lactate, urea, amino acids
and metabolites of abused drugs. Therefore the analysis of
fingerprint deposits has wide worthy and prospect in both
forensic science and medical science. At the same time,
the taking procedure of a fingerprint is easier than other
biological samples, such as blood and urine. Moreover, the
taking procedure is time-saver, noninvasive and clean, which
is very suit for treatment effects monitoring of medicine.
Furthermore, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry
(LC-MS) has been widely applied in forensic science area
based on the high sensitivity and fast speed of analysis. There
are more reports of it in the application of drugs detection in
fingerprints.
In this article, the analysis of drugs and metabolite on
different substance fingerprints was studied. A rapid and
sensitive method using liquid chromatography-ion trap mass
spectrometry (LC-ITMS) was preliminary developed and
applied for the determination of trace caffeine and its main
metabolite in fingerprint secreted sweat. Healthy subjects
consumed cups of instant coffee (containing 80mg caffeine
in 150mL hot water) were asked to press fingertips on a filter
paper which had been wetted with pure water, respectively.
And then, the filter paper was added 0.25mL methanol, then
it was ultrasonic extracted in 35ºC water bath for 2 min,
centrifuged at 10000 rpm for 5 min, an aliquot of 20 μL of
the supernatant was used for LC-MS/MS analysis. Using this
method, good linear relationships of caffeine was obtained
in the range of 0.005μg to 0.5μg per filter paper, the limit of
detection was 0.1ng per filter paper and the limit of quantity
was 1.0 ng per filter paper, the recovery was from 65.7%
to 71.3%. Moreover, the main metabolite of caffeine was
detected in fingerprint, which was identified as paraxanthine.
Additionally, the influence of time to the detection of caffeine
and its metabolite was also discussed and the results showed
that caffeine could be detected from 1 h to 14 h in subject
fingerprint deposits, its main metabolite could be detected
from 3 h to 14 h.
Moreover, the detections of caffeine in fingertips on four
different substance surfaces, include smooth glass, plastic
package, smooth metal and painted wood, were also
discussed. The results showed that the recovery ratios were
about 12% and 7% in the fingerprint on painted wood
and glass surfaces with low concentration of caffeine and
were about 15% on all four different surfaces with high
concentration.
Therefore, chemical information could be obtained from the
sweat deposited in a fingerprint using the method developed
in this article, and also it has shown potential advantages
550
in many areas, such as drug abuse monitoring, explosive
materials and pesticide effect monitoring et al.
FINGERPRINT; SWEAT; DIFFERENCE
SURFACES
KEYWORDS
P 12-9
DETERMINATION OF OLEANDRININ BIOLOGICAL
SPECIMENS AND OLEANDER LEAVES USING
LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY-TANDEM MASS
SPECTROMETRY: A FATAL CASE REPORT
Wei Liu, Jinxiao Zhai, Min Shen
Department of Forensic Chemistry, Institute of Forensic Science,
Ministry of Justice, Pr China, Shanghai, China
Introdution : Oleandrin is the most prominent compound
among several toxic cardiac glycosides found in all parts of
Nerium oleander L. There are some cases caused by misuse
and overdose of oleandrin. The authors report a fatal case
of oleander poisoning. A 25-year-old female developed
vomiting after ingestion of a pounded juice of 25 oleander
leaves, and subsequently died about 4.5 h later. Autopsy was
performed and biological samples were collected. General
toxicological screen and oleandrin analysis were requested.
Materials and methods : Analysis for general toxicological
screen was performed by GC/MS and LC-MS/MS, and for
oleandrin determination, LC-MS/MS was developed. 1mL
biological fluid or 1g homogenized biological tissue was
mixed with 3 mL diethyl ether and centrifuged at 839×g for
3 min. The supernatant was transferred and evaporated to
dryness at 60ºC. Then, 200 μL methanol was added to the
residue and was reconstituted. While methanol was added to
the leftover mashed oleander leaves ultrasound two hours,
then centrifuged at 839×g for 3 min. The supernatant was
extracted.
Chromatographic separation was performed on a Agilent
Zorbax SB-C18 analytical column (150 mm×2.1 mm, 5μm)
with a programmed mobile phase consisting of 20 mmol/
L ammonium acetate, 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile at
a flow rate of 0.2mL/min. The MS/MS analysis was carried
out by using a triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (Applied
Biosystems, API 4000) with a positive ion electrospray.
The electrospray interface was typically operated using the
following settings : ion spray voltage 4500V, temperature
500ºC; curtain gas 25psi, collision gas 7 psi, nebulizer gas
(GS1) 35 psi, and auxillary gas (GS2) 40 psi. Mass transitions
m/z 577.4→373.3 and 577.4→355.3 were used as qualitative
ions for positive identification; m/z 577.4→373.3 was used
WORLD FORENSIC FESTIVAL 2014
for quantitation. The limits of detection were 1 ng/mL in
blood and urine and 2 ng/g in liver for oleandrin, respectively.
Results : Oleandrin concentrations in the deceased biological
specimens and the leftover oleander leaves were as follows
: 66 ng/mL in heart blood, 254 ng/mL in urine, 1610 ng/g in
liver, 8010 ng/mL in bile, 13700 ng/g in stomach, 29600 ng/g
in gastric contents, and 47000 ng/g in leaves.
Discussion and conclusions : According to the literature, an
estimated lethal oleandrin blood concentration is 20ng/mL for
humans. Lethal dose of fresh oleander leaves is 20-30 pieces.
In our case, the oleandrin blood concentrations is up to 66
ng/mL, concentrations in biological specimens and oleander
leaves were very high. The result for general toxicological
screen was negative. No abnormal external findings were
noted during the postmortem examination. Finally, the cause
of death was attributed to be “acute oleander poisoning”.
KEYWORDS OLEANDRIN; LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY
-TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY; BIOLOGICAL
SPECIMEN
P 12-10
ANALYSIS OF CARBAMATES USING NEEDLEX®/GC
Yasuhito Suzuki1, Fujio Ishizawa2 , Tetsuya Ishiwata2 ,
Katsuya Honda1, Kouji Fujimura3
1
Field of Legal Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba,
Japan; 2Forensic Science Laboratory, Ibaraki Prefectu