See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: http://www.researchgate.net/publication/271445842 Pearl Conservation an Overview of Jewelers & Museum Objects(‫ﺣﻔﺎ)ﻇﺖ از ﻣﺮوارﯾﺪ در ﺟﻮاﻫﺮات ﺷﺨﺼﯽ و اﺷﯿﺎء ﻣﻮزه ای‬ ARTICLE · OCTOBER 2011 READS 17 2 AUTHORS, INCLUDING: Mehdi Razani Tabriz Islamic Art University 33 PUBLICATIONS 4 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Available from: Mehdi Razani Retrieved on: 19 November 2015 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earl Conservation an Overview of Jewelers & Museum Objects Mehdi Razani*A Negar KazamiPor* *Faculty of Applied Arts, Department of Conservationof Historic-Cultural Properties Tabriz Islamic Art University Natural Pearls are the most important and valuable Jewels, with a great popularity from ancient times until today, in this case, Persian Gulf as one of the oyster prey centers of the world during of the different periods and Consideration of various species of shellfish caught in Mother of pearls royal Jewels used in royal Jewels in particular are used to Safavied till Pahlavi dynasties in Iran. in the other hand Cultured pearls invented to the first time in the first quarter of the 20th century in Japan and this days they are developed to a wide range of global markets, given the multiplicity of existing works and the increasing use of natural and artificial pearls in new jewelry, survey about this topic, In order to protect and maintain the use time and maintenance is essential in museums, this paper is a beginning on the protection and maintenance of pearls and attempt to show the importance of knowledge about this subject, With an overview of researches in technology and pathology of Pearl, also preventive conservation, in museums and collections and private jewelry will be discussed. 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(3"Šc ) , _ + # J J , ", 'w F " Š gJ < ( < Š c } _5, + E& , J - N c28 4_ 1 " —@ > ? , $f , ' Š| , | , J,W / + Šc } _ ) q<) > ? —@ @Š ) q<* t3 1 @Šc & /_() q<) 5c™ ˜g • `s` B",_ 5, <" , h B%) ' ., L # 6 J X'%1 7 8 y : … * -"ˆ -S˜ + , -? -@ G -) -" 6 *. @ ! ,' 0 ' '%8 @ ! ? cJahaz_ ™ #˜ , "d & + , ? Yk -< -) ^ # ' , ,l = , G Z :? + ? S "ˆ S 5 , , . M +F cSeyb_ "™U )˜ cGheys_ - - " @ ! ?' ' 1 g L* / U ) I ˆ S I 3 šn # "5 1 U ) '%1 , (), , 1 '% ˆ S ' ' 5casYa C `as 8_ <% " 7 8 9 :/ ; / 4 6 0 E& , , 45 , 6 - Oriental pearls 7-Pliny 8YHistorian Naturals 9YEl katiff H <-? , +F - (-1 @ '%-) '- (-) , ) 5, 1 , 3%) "> ? 6 * < 1 cPinctada margaritifera or Black lips_ ) UJ > ? Y I > D 6 < $" ., y / ) , H <? , )' , ) " # + $" %), Y Natural pearl 5, 1 + <J … * ,+ t G Ž< , ™Hope pearlG • "˜ + # 1 '-# * g- & V" P= + n ' <J < d < , 4 V , ! -R R0* '- ) {-) * `ja G ) , 6 J + , +F O * , "|F 6 *’ ; Y h B%) % U B* ' G ) I , 4 (1v@ t Y ` 1 ' @ 6 6%8 6 ) ) UJ > ? ( # 5(8 @ . M + !T 1 14 YMother of pearl < - , - VR H& , 6 J L< 5() 1 g L* ) < F , * ™C32 H98 N2 O11˜ G 8 5() ! 3% A:%B p ' '% ; +F R , = Conchiolin 6 J L< Y k % @ F , G D* ( 16 - Alverdes 17 - Mytilus 18 - Hornell 19 - Abalone X + <* . 6 % Margaritifera margaritifera ,M.dahurica , M.middendorffi, Anodonta ,lautajaponica, cygnea ›= G c- E& _ ‹ &7) :? q _q '* 7 ) +, + " 5 % : 7) + XW , XB2 y XX 4Y$ () ' ~E) ( BQ ' ) 0 X ) <1 " @ ' )‡ y " 7) ] c|F E& g 1 ' _• , , @ ' 7 !1 Z () X@#& <* = ) g = V1 , @ X!" % : 7 ) c p 3* cq (}:S_p 1 c61 '%1 (/ ) Y I *_ 61 ' ) F +, (3# ( : & 22- Aragonite 23YCultured pearls 24- M. Mikimoto ;<* - * - < '- . -) 8 -? h - - - " , -1 - (-8 - F G -1 , '- 6 -1 |F > -? = (B) '%) "' * Y k $- # , - -1 1 , h > ? 6 '%) + , , 5 << , , 8 ? '%) + , ' w 1 pinctadamartensi_ 5 LB LL/ , F , # ' g 1 ' , ' '%8 @ +F '01 % , ,, 6 <# g L* < ' 4 # / 26YNacre 27-Artificial pearl or Imitation pearls -" " - "t:8 () :B , , , "yn "^ %)T (/ ) , , 1 , 3%) c J _ = <D " (/ ) ' X t)Y j 5 -", - t -) -: $ - F () " 1 6* ? ' t:8 6* ^ 5() c6Z 8 ' '% , _ 6 @ +F = ' ;# ' " 1 6 , ) ! 3- 8 $ ) ! < :& ! * 1 1 , F 1 E ' < 1 H "'E) ) > ? "'%) () 6 = <D t) 5c™ > ?˜ g • `j q<" 8_ <% " > ? ' 1 N *< * , | ) +K " < 29YJaquin c() ? , s * ` )d & ( _ d & ! % R G :0 , c, (}:S <" / ' '# , + ; ' '% _ * W 6 , Y `I & +K " ! 3J ) + , (0* c = <D 1 / _ & H< ^ › , F t•) 5 , ' ^ * l * ^ , << ' S J *+ R R ' '% W 6 5, 1 q @ * P= ,| / H * ! ? , ;:8 R | ) ' M< W , " 5 <", 5, 1 ) q 1 * (= ) ' R V3< ' 1 ", * g R +, , & 6 <w " ", 61 *q 31YDrill hole test cW J g • B", ' (€J _|n * › 4 # ^* ) n 5 < L |F , ' * ) g@ 5[ œ4 5 6œM•J XW J Y ` '- n p 6 X, 1 g L* 'w " , ' Y 5X " q , N g =_ ) ' # U 4 g? " < , Y`` g -L* W '- J ^ ,; ' J , ' Y Š5() . ) )) 6 < 5() 61 6 q , , $}< 6 J L 8? 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G 0J 36 Y Bynes Disease - -N , '- (-) , '- < | - = <-D %-) - S -"6 % " 8'%B* n < + B ,c "'%B* ‹ : Z J %) <? h xg & 5 1 g? 4 1 f J 8 _ JF " ) U )F 6 v@ N , =Y "| 1 '%/ ) "6 % ' 3& , "> ? ! , 3%) "| V1 + <=' ' "q / %4 38- Pearl processing technology 39- Hydrogen peroxide ' <* , 1 , <L +F , 3%) ,, L%< +F := 9 % L V F * JE "' "W 6 ' * () • ' . n YsI 5 1 • VB 6 , 5 < ( N +F . = +, , 3%) g & , F < F , + L" z ' < g J, , + <-1 5 1 "+ :& 1 4 , U:S ' L/ ' . R < 1 'w%/ , + <1 X := . Ys @ -) - '- @ + < -L - :& -1 4 U:S ,; + + ) / ; ) + € , ': ) "+ ! J (1, " 1 "+ - @ ’ - u -1 + ) g? 4 % / g J, 6 " ' () , $ ) % $ ) ! < ! * < :& iT , , J l 8 |v# ! & 5, , V 5 << , 3%) @ 'L 1 $L "… L% 1 J 3) ) + ? < %<) % <? ; ,' F () | : :& , Na2B4O7.10H2Ot Ys Dorema ammoniacum := . Ys` '%8 @ camphor laurel . < %/ , • ? 1 & , ' cC H .O_ G 8 # > 31 3) , 8 Yss 5, 1 , 3%) ; ) , V*F , 6 <w " ! L4 H8 , ;J :) ! % << . + <= ' 8 5, 1 “ () , lT1 % '%), D= +F | , () 1 / G <? + +F | < @; $ U: “) 8 , ' …:* Ÿ J JF ' Ysk 5c$% " …:* J JF 6 g • `jr ;#_ << “ , 3%) Ÿ ) E= , ' F () <S +F '% " 5, 1 1 / (), * << 5, , ) G %) , ) E= ( <? , 6 <w " %<) U , , '# * , , C / } ' () "d . % < '& ) Ysa : +F := . () 1H Cl 1 G 8 5 F () y F ^ : ) U * () q 6 : # o, L† Ysb 5, 1 , 3%) ) ; J@ F , , L 5() . F , , mT "+F ER |F c. @ m 0 # *_ * |F ; * ,^ + * 1 g4 |F , , "^ < " 1 g? 4 "^ Y sj 5, > ` 5G • 5b YbIˆ? (L , ) 6 , 8 sj sb5W b57 " # T 5G • !- JE UP ' , ! L% + )X+ * ™ ) <1 " # ! : ! " # + #™ c `bs_ eW , U , 5 ) ' L ™7 8 9 :/ <# ' 1 4 " ˜ c `ja_ e < , ! L% X+ * U , W , X$# % s5h ™! " # + #˜ c `ba_ e+ K ' '- ) X+ - * ™c+ - , -L * + ) <16*. ) _+ "' /, < + <*. ˜ c `a _ e 5G • 5G • <" 8 ! R R0* ! J E ' ) X+ * ™7 8 9 :/ ) 5G • 5 5. , • + 3? L , X+ 3? :# ™c # "g 8 _ 5! , [ -1 (- DDB* ' <:D8 , YV" z ( X+ * G <) + @ L, + * ™ "'= M :# ™ " ' <:-D8 , YV" z- ( + ;F ™c " ) <1+ %) "W 5a ;# 5b ep . + 3 # 5j := B", 5r / + ˜ c `jr_ e6 J , = ˜ c `jk_ ep " ei . R ' R ˜ c `jj_ e 5 `jb + % * 5+ 5. , • 5G • <" 8 ! J E ) 5I # : , " 5+ 6 + @'%B + @'%B , "+F # := @ 5` , ) <1 ˜ c `jb_ e 0 V< , 5s ' #X+ * ™, " := DDB* ˜ c `sb_ e 0 V< , : ! " # ' #X+ * ™, "< [ 1 ( , ) <1 ,˜ c `js_ e. 0J ? 5 k ˜ c `jI_e'%1 8 LB := 5 a q<" 8˜ c `aa_ e; q<" 8 5 b H # q<" 8˜ c `j _ e; q<" 8 5 j ':M ™ , l = X+ * ™ <" NF $ * (}8 0 6 F X+ * ™+ 5 ) <1 " @ q<" 8_! " # 5asYa ˆ? a W " 5G • "> ? ( 34˜ c `jb_ :# ™$ & + ':M ™+ 5+ 5 T) , 1 q<" 8 ! 5 1 . ,G)Y B * L" z X+ * "< <" ˜ c `jb_ e q<" 8 , < ! L% X+ * ™$ & + . := rW ( 34 _ 8 ?[ 1 . , L • ' )‡ X+ * ™c ) 8 ' 5 IY bˆ? `jI + % "> ? ' " 5s ; : * " @˜ c `jI_e 0 , "> ? := ! L% X+ * ™ 8 ? [ 1 :M* 5k 5a W 5. ) G ) Y B * 5G • 5` :M* L ,X+ * ™ B", ' (€J˜ c `s`_ e " * <" 8 ! R R0* + <*. ˜ c `a _ e '1 X+ * ™+ 5 "@ ˜ c `as_ e " <% , q<" 8˜ c `j _ e "q<)˜ c `j _ e 8 : y 8 5r # !Q 8 5 I ) e D< & 5 22. Carter. Davis, walker.k, 1999, "care and conservation natural history collections", London, Butterworth-Heinemann. 23. Craddock, P. T. (Paul T.),2009, "scientific investigation of copies, fakes and forgeries", Butterworth-Heinemann publications, First edition. 24. DeMouthe, Jean Frances,2006, "Natural materials: sources, properties, and uses", Elsevier/Architectural Press. 25. E. Farn, Alexander. 1991, "Pearls, Natural, Cultured, and Imitation", London, Butterworth-Heinemann. 26. Fortey,R. A,1999, "Fossils-the key to the past", London,Natural History Museum. 27. Kitty, A,2001, "How to care for your cultured pearls, All about pearls", Pearl Learning Center h p233444 alla ou pearl com35p6 28. Rapp, George,2009, "Archaeomineralogy, Natural Science in Archaeology", Series Editors: Bernd Herrmann, Günther A. Wagner, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. s