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2019
The chart shows where each song of the chapters 23-40 is located in the 'Twelve great disciples' (bu chen bcu gnyis, Oxford version) and in 2 versions of the 'Black Treasury' (mdzod nag ma , version included in Rangjung Dorje's works, earlier stratum, and the version published in India, later stratum), as well as in Zhamar Khacho Wangpo's Cloud Bank of blessings. From the chart one can see that most of the songs were already existent in a more or less similar form to the one presented by Tsang Nyon Heruka, although with some changes and inserted in different contexts. Charts of Volumes 1 and 3 to follow.
In Search of Mila's Collected Songs : Back to the Basics
SONG CHART 1 Outline of Chapters and Songs of Milarepa in Tsangnyon Heruka' s mgur 'bum and their location in Earlier Texts2020 •
This song chart shows the page number of each song in Tsangnyön's Songs as well as in the death episode in his Life of Milarepa, in the Tibetan version (TN-Dha) and the English translations by Stagg and Quintman (last chapter). Moreover, the location of the songs is indicated in two versions of ‟The Twelve Great Repa Disciples,” – a work presumably created in the 13th century – in two ‟Late Zhepé Dorje Compendia” – The Dark/Black Treasury in Karmapa Rangjung Dorjeʼs Collected Works and ‟A River of Blessings” in the Drikung mChos mdzod Chen mo – both works presumably contemporary with Tsangnyön's book – and in the second Shamar Khachö Wangpo's life stories of Milarepa and Gampopa, dated late 14th century (1350-1405). A comparison between these texts shows how the various episodes were recounted over time. It shows that most of the narrative in Tsangnyön's work was already written down long before him, but also that he manipulated the content, placing it in different contexts, thus inventing his own narrative. For details about this comparative study see my forthcoming book ‟In Search of Milaʼs Collected Songs. Back to the Basics” and my forthcoming article in Revue d'Etudes Tibétaines ‟Life and Songs of the Glorious Laughing Vajra. The Zhepé Dorje Compendia.”
In Search of Mila's Collected Songs: back to the basics (forthcoming soon)
SONG CHART 3 Outline and Songs in The Complete Liberation of Mila Vajra-Victory-Banner by Ngendzong Tonpa and Gung Repa2020 •
This Song Chart contains an outline of "'The Complete Liberation of Mila-Vajra-Victory-Banner," a life story of Milarepa by his direct disciple Ngendzong Tonpa and the latter's disciple Gung Rechen. The chart shows the quality chapters with the songs in each. My translation of the liberation story can be found on this same website.
In Search of Mila's Collected Songs: Back to the Basics (forthcoming soon)
SONG CHART 4 - Outline and Songs in The Life of Milarepa in the Early Golden Rosaries in Rechungpa's Lineage2020 •
This Song Chart contains an outline of the chapters with relative songs found in the Life of Milarepa described in the earliest Golden Rosaries in Rechungpa's lineage. Compared to the life stories produced in Gampopa's lineage, the number of songs is more abundant and the structure of the life stories is different: here we find the same subdivision in qualities and song cycles that would be followed later in the biographical compendia (see Song Charts 7 & 8). Except for a slight difference in structure, the narrative cycles and the songs contained in these texts are very similar to Ngendzong Tonpa's 'The Complete Liberation of Mila Vajra-Victory-Banner' (see my translation of this life story and Song Chart 3). For details see 'In Search of Mila's Collected Songs: back to the basics' (forthcoming soon).
Milarepa Sings Again: Tsangnyön Heruka’s ‘Songs with Parting Instructions’. In: Larsson, S. and af Edholm, K. (eds.) Songs on the Road: Wandering Religious Poets in India, Tibet, and Japan. Pp. 67–92. Stockholm: Stockholm University Press
Milarepa Sings Again: Tsangnyön Heruka's 'Songs with Parting Instructions'2021 •
Although Tibetan Buddhism is often associated with monks and canonical texts, other types of Buddhist practitioners and other kinds of texts are also of importance. Before the 5 th Dalai Lama came to power in 1642 and Tibetan Buddhism became increasingly systematized and monastically oriented, Tibetan charismatic yogins composed and printed religious poetry (mgur) and hagiographies (rnam thar) to promote a non-monastic ideal with remarkable success. They modelled their lifestyle upon Indian Tantric siddhas and on the Tibetan poet-saint Milarepa (c. 1040-1123). Like them, they adopted a wandering lifestyle and used religious poetry as a means for spreading their message. By expressing themselves through poetry, which they also composed, these yogins could present Buddhism in an innovative way, adapted to the needs of their audience. Taking the 'songs with parting instructions' ('gro chos kyi mgur) of the 'crazy yogin' (rnal 'byor smyon pa) Tsangnyön Heruka (1452-1507) as the point of departure, this chapter explores how these colourful figures attempted to vitalize Buddhism in Tibet by creating an alternative religious infrastructure outside of the monastery.
In Search of Mila's Collected Songs: Back to the Basics
In Search of Mila's Collected Songs: Back to the Basics. A Comparative Study of Stories and Songs of Milarepa In Tibetan Texts From the Twelfth through the Fifteenth Century2021 •
This is a preparatory file to my forthcoming book "In Search of Mila's Collected Songs: Back to the Basics." It contains the title page, index, acknowledgements, list of abbreviations, and the introduction.
In Search of Mila's Collected Songs: Back to the Basics
SONG CHART 5 Outline and Songs in The Life of Rechungpa in Golden Rosaries in Rechungpa's lineage2020 •
This chart contains an outline with songs regarding Rechungpa's life in the early Golden Rosaries. It is important because these songs are early witnesses of the relationship between Milarepa and Rechungpa. Most of these songs were later integrated into the Twelve Great Repa Disciples. These texts also recount the entrustment of the Samvara Aural Transmission by Mila to Rechungpa, an episode that was not included in The Twelve Great Repa Disciples, whereas it was integrated in the Late Zhepé Dorje Compendia.
2016 •
2012 •
The Song of Songs is one of the most powerful works of literature that has been written within the course of human history. Its poetically simple metaphor paralleled against its inherently complex message has confounded the world’s chief scholars for just as long. While theories abound on the interpretation of this song, from strictly allegorical to strictly sexual, more research must be done into the original and simple meaning of the song. To this end, it is important to discuss issues of canonicity, authorship, provenance, date, historical context, grammar, word usage, and theological context. Through the study of these traits, a better picture can be drawn of the original intent, both divine and mundane, for this, the Song of Songs.
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