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2005
2005 report from the United States Commission for the Preservation of America's Heritage Abroad on Jewish cemeteries, synagogues, and mass graves in Ukraine. Includes information on the history, current conditions, and preservation efforts of Jewish heritage sites.
M. Nosonovsky “Old Jewish Cemeteries in Ukraine: History, Monuments, Epitaphs” in The Euro-Asian Jewish Yearbook - 5768 (2007/2008) (M.Chlenov, ed., Moscow, Pallada, 2009), pp. 237-261
Old Jewish Cemeteries in Ukraine: History, Monuments, Epitaphs2009 •
Зборник Матице српске за ликовне уметности 47
Metropolitan Jewish Cemeteries from the Baltic to the Balkans -historical study in situ2019 •
In contrast to the Christian burial tradition, according to which the care of the cemetery disappears with the termination of the care of the family about the graves of their loved ones, the tradition and religious practice of the Halachah make the burial places of the Jewish last forever. Although the time-decay, the turbulent historical turmoil and the social climate of the last century left a visible trace on the appearance of Jewish cemeteries in Central and Eastern Europe, they have survived, integrally or partially. Thanks to the "religious laws that (at least theoretically) contribute to the preservation of Jewish graves and cemeteries in an efficient way", they still testify to the existence, place and role of the Jewish community in the European society of the 19 th and 20 th centuries. In order to preserve, "read" and interpret this group of monuments, a systematic survey of representative Jewish cemeteries in 13 European countries was conducted under the auspices of the National Committee ICOMOS Germany in the past few years. The results of this complex project were presented to the public in the form of the magisterial new book of Rudolf Klein's academic opus-Metropolitan Jewish Cemeteries of the 19 th and 20 th Century in Central and Eastern Europe-A Comparative Study, published by the National Committee ICOMOS Germany in 2018. In the focus of the research were 21 cemetery sites which differ in the time of their establishment, urban micro and macro location, topography, morphology, typology of gravestones, landscape design, authenticity, as well as its cultural, historical and artistic importance within the Jewish history and a wider, European context. Based on the conducted on-site research, the author points to the diversity of Jewish burial culture in various European regions, as a consequence of extensive changes within Judaism and the emancipation of Jews in the secular Europe of the 19 th century. As the author points out, "the art of Jewish graves reveals the dual nature of Jewish life in the diaspora: fidelity to Jewish heritage and openness to external influences, … and the fine nuances could be read only in the widest cultural and artistic context of place and time." As a consequence, Jewish funerary art and culture, as well as the Jewish cemeteries as its immediate expression, could be read on two levels: as a source of knowledge about the Jewish community in some of the European regions-"about its specifics, aspirations and religious orientation" on the one hand, and as a source of knowledge about "the wider milieu it belonged to, including local gentile traditions and Jewish-gentile dialogue."
Fasciculi Archaeologiae Historicae
The State of Archaeological Research on Jewish Cemeteries in Central Europe. A New Approach.2023 •
Using various sources this paper collects information about archaeological research performed up to 2023 on Jewish cemeteries in Central European countries: Czechia, Lithuania, and Poland, discussing their nature, scope, methods, and state of post-excavation work. The determinants of fieldwork-religious and cultural factors, socio-political issues, as well as conservation and scientific factors-are indicated. The number of cemeteries in the region and their state of preservation is also described. Furthermore, the paper discusses the usefulness of archaeology for understanding many aspects of the life of Ashkenazi communities in the Middle Ages and modern times.
UBC Journal of Historical Studies
The Ruin and Restoration of Sacred Spaces: the (Re)Construction of Eastern Europe and the Memorialization of Synagogues and Jewish Cemeteries.2020 •
Previously titled "Interpreting the Reconstruction of Synagogues and Jewish Cemeteries as Holocaust Memorials In Eastern European Urban Landscapes," this paper was originally written for a 3rd/4th year undergraduate seminar paper for GMST 489 (I-witness Holocaust Field School Program) at the University of Victoria. It has since undergone peer-review and has been extensively revised with the assistance of Nathan Deschamps and Dylan Sanderson. After postponement due to the COVID-19 pandemic, this paper was published in the UBC Journal of Historical Studies (Formerly, the Atlas), an undergraduate journal based out of the University of British Columbia.
Fasciculi Archaeologiae Historicae
‘Houses of Graves’ of Central-East Europe: Archaeology about Jewish Funeral Rituals2023 •
This article presents the state of archaeological research on Jewish cemeteries in Central-East Europe, mainly on the basis of excavations conducted in Poland, Czechia, and Lithuania). It presents the possibilities of reconstructing funerary rituals on the basis of archaeological findings: the organisation of the burial space, the dress and equipment of the deceased, the layout of the corpse and the arrangement of the interior of the burial pit. Possibilities for interdisciplinary studies of the funerary customs of the Central European diaspora were studied and further research needs were identified.
The Jewish presence on the Iberian Peninsula dates back to Roman times and is characterized by a centuries-long alternation of light and shadow, until their expulsion from Spain in A.D. 1492 and Portugal in A.D. 1496. There have been very few Jewish cemeteries identified in the Iberian Peninsula considering the importance that this community had throughout a long period of history. Cemeteries have always been meeting places. Different religions conceive of this space as a place of rest and transition to the afterlife and the reflection of the social diversity of the moment. The medieval Jewish cemetery of Toledo was discovered in year 2008. It has clearly distinctive elements that characterize this cemetery from other religions, such as the funerary architecture or the depth of the pits. Arturo Ruiz Tabaoda will discuss the origin, decline and oblivion of this cemetery in the context of the three cultures of medieval Toledo.
This paper focuses on the previously mostly neglected aspect of the 1945–1947 transfer of the German population out of the Czech borderlands, which is represented by the attitudes of the new settlers towards the original burial areas. The documentation of contemporary cemeteries in the district of Tachov/Tachau (Plzeň/Pilsen region) has brought material evidence regarding how the new communities related to the ancestors of the expelled former population. Burial practices played an important role in the process of the settlement of the territory and they are strongly reflected in the spatial organization of cemeteries, constituting a space for ‘our’ deceased as well as reutilising old tombs.
Unri Conference Series: Community Engagement
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