w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6
WQxDt5
ns9l Nvh4, Bw3F Xix6, wonW ß5g?4, Xsly x1µo4
≈6r4h6b5 sf1kz ÷E4 ß{b8 x7m KwgE4 lAÇ8
1
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6
Nwns∫ 1
WQxDt5
ns9l Nvh4, Bw3F Xix6, wonW ß5g?4, Xsly x1µo4
≈6r4h6b5 sf1kz ÷E4 ß{b8 x7m KwgE4 lAÇ8
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6
Nwns∫ 1
WQxDt5
Ì !((( WQ/sJ5 sfkz: kNK5 yM5g6n3F4fq8k5, ns9l Nvh1j5, Bw3F Xix3j5, wonW
ß5g?1j5, Xsly x1µo1j5, ÷E4 ß{b8j5 KwgE4 lAÇ8j9l
x0p`Ax5 sfkz x0pos6bsymJ5, i4 ˚WEj5 Gwon6yymi3iH, KwgE4 lAC8j5,
~o ur0J7j5 Gm4WZ !@¨5g6H.
ç6Ùz•5g6 ttCs/6bsif øtx /sÍtj5 “xa5 i3Jt9l”
≈6r4ymiz scoµZD6tbsizl kxb4{f8i5 vmQ/sJ5 Gwclw5H
WJ8Nst5 Wym/sJ5. ∫4fx ttC6ymJ5 x0pos6bs8iDt4, w0Jx6bs8iDt[¬8•5 sk6gosDt4f5
s=?¬8•5 n6rtbs4v8iDt4 xq6bsym`Q9li tt6vtA5 scoµZos6tsJk5 hCwic6S6
Wc6tsi3j5 moZ3u4.
ISBN 1-896-204-325
scoµZ`A6tbsJ5 scsy3u[l wo6fy3u[l wo8ix3FQ/sJu5 kNK5 yM5g6n3F4fq8i
wcl1i kNK7u ®Ns/tA5 wvJ6h6bs5tx6ymi3j5 XwE/w tA7uF4f8k5 w8Nw5
vg0pctŒ4fq8k5.
For order information:
Nunavut Arctic College Library
Box 600
Iqaluit, Nunavut X0A 0H0
wloq8i4 NlNw4fb5
won6yi6
ii
v
1
NlNw6yQxDt5
yKoxD∫
w˚y3u1i4 si4√5: wonW ß5g?4
Bw3F Xix6
ns9l Nvh4
Xsly x1µo4
ttCsyE/sif5:
≈J „b: b6r6, srs2 xy0pb3iq5 x7ml s9lEx5
K•{ ƒ©: x3Nk5 moZw5
πi nw7mwJ6: hD¥5 w`Q`AxDyq5
Ôox nw7mwJ6: hDy3i4 wo8ixt5ti6
mwN wh9lb6: N0pis2 u4~k5
ˆ8y rn: u6hEs6ni6
˙n8 wkxC6: csms6
si4√5:
yKoxD∫
13
45
65
97
129
136
139
142
146
148
150
155
≈o4¥N f2l:
swiAmhw5g6
157
xizŒ4
xizz c6ns3j5 bsgo6tb6
x3N4nz4 ©Ûo`A6g6
froqx5txÇlw5
wtc`Q5g5
b6r3l yei`A6©4
ckw7m5 w[l5 wq3C?A8Nw3imΩb
“w3ab3JxWZ Ns4V w3ab3JxWZ Ns4V”
mE-¬y sFl6: kNs2 m8iq5
µr v4r4: bø9MÔ5
bWx ®Nw8N6: lµJ
gryy5t5
159
161
162
163
164
165
167
169
170
172
175
w o n 6 y i 6
d
/oic7mE4Lt4 scsy3u[l wo6fy3u[l
wo8ix3ioEJ5 kNK5 yM5g6n3F1u d/8N¨DmK5 XwE/w5
tA7uF4f8i4 ®Ns/6bc6t5tJ8N3mb
x0pos6b6: i4 ˚WE-j5
x0pos6b6: i4 ˚WE-j5
sfx n6rtbsJ8N3i4nzk5. giy8i`Q2Xb sfx Wbco`Qgw8NExcC/Ms6S5.
scsy3i6 wo6fy3u[l wo8ix6bs5t5pQ/q5 kNK5 yM5g6n3F4fq8i
won6yymiCDmK5 wvJ6bsiEMs6bu1i4 R. Howard Webster Foundation4f8i5
kNK5 yM5g6n3F4fq8i`Û6g5, øb8 yM5g6n3F[Jx4fQ8iΩ6g9l x?7jZD8NMs3mb
1995l 1997l xf8iq8i bm4fxl scoµ4v5 WoExE/s?9oxJ8N6yicD8NMs6Lt4
∫4fkz wvJ6bsi3u1k5.
NlNw6yQxDt5
s
fx scoµZw5 xw2XE/sJ b9omsix6gi scoµZ3i W0Jto1i4 cspNhx3i3u4
si4vsytA5 gnsmi3u4. bm4fN•5g5 cspn6bsifQ/symK5 wo8ix6ti5 wkw5
Wsyq8i4 wo8ix6gi vmQ/sJi4 ˙n8 ~m8{j5 kNK5 yM5g6n3Fxi3usb3j5.
w8Nw5 cwd/sc5bMs6S5 yM5g6n3F1j5 b=?il xW6h6bs9lt4 si4vsyq5 b=?{nw8N6
c9lˆ©o6t6bs?9ox9lt4. c9lˆt©zJ9l wk4t©zJ9l w˜4ƒz9lt4 n6r5gµ6g4nsbsK5.
bm8N
i8Ω6gi4
≈6r4bsMs6S6
ttC3i3u4,
wo8ix6t5
xJD8•6nd9lQ5
ttCsycD8N3i3u[l
xW6h3i3u4,
xW6˙tQc5bMs6bu
iWos6ymJ-
u4~k5.
wo8ix6t5
iDxc5bMs6S5 cspNhAm/u1i4 w1u1k9l W7mEsQ/u1i4, vmQ/q9l g8z~bsymMs6S5
wvJChQx4n6
cspn6bsJi4.
yK9o6Ù6
wo8ix6bsJ6
WQxDbsMs6S6
si4vsyc6X4gi cspnD8N3i4u4 xsMbs9li ≈o4¥N f2lj5 GkNK5 yM5g6n3FziH,
KwgE4 ¬AÇ8j9l GM¿9 yM5g6n3F[Jxzi5H, ÷E4 ß{b8j9l Gøb8 yM5g6n3F[Jxzi5H.
g[ox wo8ix3icDtQ/sMs6S6 wlx6nDygcs?Ms6gi4 xsMbs9li uys txEx8j5
GscsyoEi3u4
wo6fyE/sJi[l
wo8ix3F[Jx3u5H
KwgE4
¬AÇ8j9l.
m3Î1i4
Wd/gcoEÔ1i wo8ix6bsJcMs6S6, yK9o6 xsMbs9li F7 Çy1j5 GNwuZ8H, Wc∫
KwgE4 ¬AÇ8j5, ÷E4 ß{b8j9l. ∫4f1N8z4 csp/sif5 n6rtbsJµ6S5 vtzJ¨9lt4.
kb6rE0Jygc3i4 wo8ix6bsJ6 xsMbsMs6S5 π8 SE[{j5 Gu∆Es yM5g6n3F[Jxzi5H.
ra9o6Ùu W3ˆ nMt8 5≈1[¬ GM¿9l yM5g6n6F[Jxzi5H wo8ix6bsic6t5tMs6S6
xz4fw9l s4WE/s?4ggcw9l u4~k5 xsM5tctc6Li yt¿8 ƒ92u4.
scoµZoxaJoµ5
wloc6S5
xW6h6bsiEc5bMs6bq8i5,
mfiz,
yKoxDbc6g5
scsy6bgcw9l
grq8i5.
xsM5tMs6gi5,
wMq5
w8Nw5
wlocc5b6S5
wo8ix6t5 ttCsyEifq8i4 cspJmMs6bu1i4 ∫m4fiz wo8ix6X9ox9lt4.
bm4fx
si4√tA5
cspmiE/q5,
d/o?K5
x7ml
bw4fxoµ5
gnsmic3i6
whm0Jygcw5
GyM5g6n3Ï5
n6rtbsNh4S5
Wbcw8Nd9lA
wkgcw5
bf/sc5bD8Nd9lQ5
∫4ftÅN6.
wo8ix6bsJ8N6t5tMs6g5
®Ns/tA5
xg6bs?4g5
xyq9lH
wvJ6hwiq8k5, bw4fxl wvJ3icMs3uJ5 ≈6r4hwitA5. wvJ3iE/sMs6g6 g~pk5 µr
v4r, søWv wr9lx6, NwN µi1-gk, ≈5y x3N4v6 x©to7mx¬QK5.
d/oJm1u/K5 ~o ur0J4 xJw8ˆE/c5txq8ND8N3iEMs6bzk5 WNhx5txq8N3iEMs6bzk9l x4hD3N6g6ysvb4vlx6t9lb ∫4fNi ttC6ymJ5 Ne5b6X9ox9liQ5.
~os2 bm4fx wv3CC~l1k5 WoExEPIgxMs3mQ5 n6r5g8N6ymK5. d/oJm1u/K5 sfx4
µEx fxBßN8, x7m ˚9 m4©m5, c9lˆ©zJ5 b7msm`Q4vlx3mΩb eu3Diƒiq8k5.
x7m5bs6
≈o4¥N
f2l
d/o1u/K5
wk4t©zJ5
NlNw6yQxDt5
eu3D4v8ic5b3ifym1u1mQ5.
v
d/oic3FQ/Exc3u/K5bs6
CÍb
ÇS5{
kxb4{usb6
vmh1izk5
wvJ6gwizk9l
scoµ4v5 n6r5g8Nd9lQ5.
Wlx6gu4 d/o?K5 w8Nw5 wo8ix6t9l sfiz n6r5g8N6t8iq8k5.
d/oJm1u/K5 Xsly x7µo4, ns9l Nvh4, wonW ß5g?4, Bw3F Xix6, tÍM
xbA5tx6, ≈My x7m xrh4 Ôu, /wf W5ys˜6, t‰{ w0/qx6, wus9 wmDw5g6, ¬vy
kbÇl4, mExk x7m goµ6 xsW˜3J4, Ne w6f4, x7m s6hCo4 s5ge cspmiE/3u1i4
s?5tk5 giyMs3mb. d/oJm1u/K5 wo8ix6t5, ∑N xo?6b6, ˙n8 wkxC6, mwN
wh9lb4, ˆ8y rn, K•{ ƒ©, ≈J „b, πi nw7mwJ6, Jox nw7mwJ6, µts r, ÷i
fX4,
®7
c`A6,
x7m
FsC
x3N5yx6.
s4WDh4v5b
wo2X9oEx4nK5
Wi6nsq4f5b¬8•5 ∫4fNz s?5t8i wo8iE/qi5.
vi
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
∫4ftgN6
yKoxD∫
“rhgw8N3u4 xWE/sJ8N6Sz cspm/8i4.
scD8N6Sz ryxi cspm/8i4.”
ns9l Nvh4
w8Ngc5 xW6h6bsiq5
srs6b6gu yM5g6n3F1u si4√tA5 gnsmioEi6
kFWE !((^u yM5g6n3F4f5 ≈6®Ms6S5 wo8ixi3u4 si4√6gxgcoEi3j5 wo8ix6tk5
wk4ystoE0Jti5 vmQ/sJ6 ˙n8 ~m8yj5. bm8N wo8ixi6 gÇz0JtcMs6S6 wkw5
wo8ix6†5 wo8ixd9lQ5 iWosEi3u4 w8Ngc3i4. si4√tA5 gnsm/q8i4. si4√gcw5
n6®K5 wkw5 bsgZqb yM3Jx3u4 xy`A6X9oxiq8i5. ßmiqtA5 csptbsKA5 ck6
wkw5 vt5t˙a1mΩb yKiEMs6b5b µ8Nin3j5 xy`A6ymJi5 bsgZq8i5 yM3Jx3u4.
xy`ACMn6g7mExl1u4 w˚Nh1i3u4 wkw5 w8Ngcqb cspm/q5 nS0/sNh8iq5
x0pos6b6: KwgE4 lAÇ8-j5
W7mEsic6S6 µ8NsJ6 w˚o6g5 wo6fy4f5 wonE/s0Jtq8i5.
wo8ix6t5 WNhxDy5 yK9o6Ùzi ≈9oCs/•PLt4 G~•PLt\rS•PLt4H.
si4√tA5 gnsm/oEi6 WQxMs6S6 !(($u. W?9ox/s9li vg0pi4f5 kNK7u
yM5gn3F4f5 x7ml wo8ix3F[Jx6 NgM8tu. WQxDtcMs6S6 ÷E4 ß{b8 øb8¨`Û6g6
csptbsQx`ZCu ˙n8 ~m8yj5 x7m uys tsEx8j5 wˆ9ƒu5 ÙEyu (Qo6bzi wkw5
wo8ixDbsiqb
vtmi3Jxzi
wcl8i.
xqctŒMs6S5
vg0pix3lt4
yM5gn3F4f5
øb8ius9l cspQx3i6bcod9lA wkw5 si4√tA5 gnsm/q8i4. !((%u µr v4r
yM5g3F1u5 is3DMs6S6 øb8j5 bwvil si4√Ex6gctcMs6Li ÷E4u4 si4√tA5
gnsm/c3ioEi3u4 vtmi6bc6t9lA. x3ÇA4v8iso3m5 ≈o4¥N f2l wonwpsJ6 wkw5
yKoxD∫ — w8Ngc5 xW6h6bsiq5
1
scsyq8i4
wo6fyq8i[l
yM5g6n3F1u5
wonw/6gMs6S6
ø8b8j5,
x7ml
x3ÇA4v8i3u1m5 ˙n8 wkxC6 wo8ix6t yM5g6n3F1u wkw5 wo8ixDtq8i si4√Ex6g6ymMsEK6. wk1k5 wonwpk5 WoEymiq8i5 x4hxl4 sWQ/sMs6S5 B≈M8us5
wo8ix6tq8k5
WFc6tbsMs3mb
wo8ixD8N6tbs9lt4
wkw5
wo6fyq8i4
wkw5
x0pos6b6: KwgE4 lAÇ8-j5
bsg4bztA5.
Xix6 wonWu4 x/Ç6gu4 ni9oc6g6.
WNhxDy3i Wzhi4 wo8ix6bsJ6 si4√tA5 gnsmioEij5 ≈6r4h6bsiƒK6 ˙n8
~m8{j5.
wonwMs6g5
xvs7mEZ/MsClx6S6
KwgE4
wonwp5
lAÇ8,
÷E4
ß{b8,
x7m
xbqsmw8ND8NC/MstXb
ryxi
≈o4¥N
f2l.
bwmwozJ8NM-
s`Q7m5. WNhxDy6 yK9o6Ù6 won6tbsMs6S6 KwgE4 lAÇ8j5 ≈o4¥N f2lj9l.
WNhxDys2 xw2XEo6∫i ≈o4¥N xs9MExcoMs3m5 x∫bw3i3uk5.
wo8ixDts2 ≈6r4ymiz
bm8N WoEx5 gÇ6b3FQMs6Xw wo8ix6ti5 wonwi3j5:
≠ wkw5 bsgZq5 whmQ/scys0/slt5 clˆ5 bsgZq8k5 si4√6gx6gc8i5;
≠ cspQx6bslt5 iDx6bsymJ5 whm6n6ysDt5;
≠ X3N[lQ5 ≈6rh3lQ9l cspQxDtQ/q5;
≠ vg0plt4 xF5g6ymlt4 w6vNw/ctŒ[lt4;
≠ vt6hwlt4 iWosElt[l si4√6gxgc3i4;
≠ csp¿9o3lt4 xW6hEx6gc5bi4f5 w8Ngc3i5;
≠ iWoxui4 ttC3lt4 cis÷6Xtg5 cos÷6Xtg9l;
≠ wk4t©ozJi4 c9lˆt©zo6tElt4;
≠ si4√i4 ttC3lt4 cspQxDtui4.
cspQx3isJ6
gÇzlxDtcMs6S6
w˚yE/u4
si4√i4
whm4n6ysDti[l
wo8ix6tk5 iDx6bsJi4 WJm/q5 mo4LQ5. wo8ixDts2 ≈6r4ymizk5 groxD8NDtxMs6S5 whm4n6ysDtui4 w8Ngcw5 si4√q8k5.
2
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
x0pos6b6: ~o ur0J7-j5
Xix6, wonW, ≈o4¥N x7m KwgE4 sc9lE4n6g5.
si4√tA5 gnsmioEi3u won6bsJ4n5 !((^u X3N4X9ox9lA wo6fycDmMs6SA5
wµ4;
wo8ix6†5
n6r=FQ?9oxJm9lQ5
g`ZFsJi4
vt6hwi3u4
iWosEi3u[l
si4√6gxgcoEi3u4. tnm5 w8Ngcw5 cwd/sMs6S5 yM5g6n3F1usk5 xW6h6bs9lt[l
wo8ix6tk5 wk4tg5. wonW ß5g?4 u5tmbo1usb6 x7m Bw3F Xix6 w[lo1usb6
sXAtMs6Í4 WNhxDys2 xw2Ùi; ns9l Nvh4 x7m Xsly x1µo4 X8i6©3us∫4
xW6h6bsMs6Í4
WNhxDyzb
c9lˆ©o6tEMs6S6
WoExa?9oJu4.
WzJx8i.
mo4X9oxJ8N6tPLQ4
wonwπ5
søWv
KwgE4
X[Fn4bwomMs6S5
wr9lx6
lAÇ8
b=?{nw8N6
x7ml
÷E4
sc9Mctc6Lt[l
ß{b8
xW6˙bsJ5
wo6fyE/q8i5 yKizi raizi[l xW6h3Ns`Q5g4f5. bwmozi3u1k5 cspnDysJ5
x©tc3iE/q5 s9˜zi wobt4 xg6tovstQJ8Nc5bMs3m0J4 w8Ngc3i4 xW6hoÇzu4
xW6hDtQ/q5 iDx6bsMs6S6 ˆ7m5txd9lA w8Ngcw5 wo8ix6†9l xv3E5txD8Nd9lQ5
wk4t©6t9lQ5. bwmw8izi wo8ix3i6 gÇzMs6S6 xgCh1i3j5 si4√os3i4fgw8N6
whmosEigw8N3l n6rtbs9li ryxi WQxcCw7m5.
wo8ix6t5 tnmsJ6g5 wo8ixcbsMs6S5. tnmwoztbsMs6S5 xW6h3ix3lt4:
≈J „b4f4 πi nw7mwJ4f4 xW6hMs6Í4 wonW ß5g?1u4; ˙n8 wkxC4f4 Ôox
nw7mwJ4f4 xW6hMs6Í4 Bw3F Xix3u4; ns9l Nvh4 xW6h6bsMs6S6 ˆ8y rn3j5 K•{
ƒ©j9l; Xsly x1µo4 xW6h6bsMs6S6 mwN wh9lb3j5 ∑N xo?6bj9l. x7ml, xgi
wo8ix6†5 ttCMs6S5 si4√u4, bm3u[l Wcys0/symK5 scoµ4vi.
WNhxDy5 yK9o6Ùz8i wo8ix3i6 wo6fygc3u4 moMs6S6 ~cs6Lt4 gro‰i4
x4hÎbs9lil wo8ix6tbsi6. wo8ix6†5 iWos6bsymJi5 xW6˙bsJFi3i4 w8Ngc3k5
gnC8ˆ6tbsMs6S5 sc9Msyc6Lt[l ttC6ymJi4. rx8 B≈X, k∑9 m4©m5 x7ml µr
v4r cwd/symMs6S5 si4√Ex6g6Lt4 x0pŒ`Q5gi4.
WNhxDys2
xw2Xzi
w[lDy6
≈6r4bsMs6S5
wonwi3l
xy`A6bs9li.
w˚ysMs6gi4
si4√k5;
s8k4n4f5
≈6r4hbsQx4v8iMs6S6.
s9˜4f5
xWED¬/6Lt4
xW6˙t5
y4r5b`Axu4
~5
gÇzicMs6S5
iDx6ym/u1i4
whmN6gi4.
xW6h3isJ6 x0psMs`QM6, wo8ix6†5 xW6homlxMs`Q7mb.
yKoxD∫ — w8Ngc5 xW6h6bsiq5
3
x0pos6b6: KwgE4 lAÇ8-j5
søWv, Xix6, wonW x7m ≈J4f4 w3i‰4. w8ii √o`Ax6X4∫.
w8Ngcw9o wvJ6g9˜¬Ms6S5 wo8ix6ti[l xWE4v8idp?4Lt4 woCh4bwomlt4.
wonW
ß5g?4
scMs6S6
“xW6hvbQx4n6
woChQxc`Q9ly
xq3C6ym`Q8N5b.”
bwmw4vlx6t9lA xW6˙3isQx`Z6g5 v5gzc5bMs6S5; bm3u4 wo8ix6†5 w8Ngcw9l
hqs`Zlx`Qbu1i4
vmQxcMs3mb5
xW6hi3u4.
xW6fy4nosChQx4n6
gnvbw8N6Lbl
wµ4,
wo8ix6†5
W/3i`Q5g6ysMs6S5
“xW6ftcD8•Cm.”
ryxio
xW6h3i6
vJ¥8NMs6S6. N9ox5 xW6ftcD8•gxÇz5 xyzi4 xWEJcc5bΩoMs6S6, xW6h6t9l
x0pos6b6: KwgE4 lAÇ8-j5
xW6ft4n6ys4v8iD8N6y9lt4 xyq8i4. b=N wo8ix6†5 woChA8•6Xox0JtcoMs6S5.
ns9l4f4 Xsly4f4 w4y?sbf∫1¨5©4 xW6h6bs9lt4 ≈Jj5.
WNhxDys2
xw2Xzb
k`Axi
˙n8
wkxC6
ß4gdpMs6S6
w4y?sbw5
~9l
„6bslt4. bm8N xvsyQxDt4visMs6S6 nwoN3i6nso6Lil. wo8ix6†5 wonwπ9l
Nt3¨Ms6S5
w8Ngcw5
w4y?sbf∫¨to6LQ5.
xF4g6ymJ8•6Lt4
xbq6Lt5
xW6hc5boMs6S5. bwmwozoCu4 xvsi6nsoMs6S6 gnDuN6g5 n6rv5b1i6nso6Lt4.
4
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
bm8Nl vg0pi4f5 xW6h6bsi6 ckwQ/s`Q5txMs6S6 w8Ngc3k5 scom5tx3i6nso6Lt[l xuhi4. x0pŒ`Q5g n6rtbs?9oxMs6S5 wo8ix3i3j5 g~t9lQ5 scomt9lQ9¬8•5, WNhxDys2 WzJx8i4 gJ3uF1u4 xzJ6√6 ≈8 hCwk bjx/4ni4 y?˜i[l
giyMs6S6. √Wg6Lt4 †g6Lt[l bjlvb1i6 wvJ3icMs6S6 nwoi6nsi3j5.
wo8ix3i6 sX5bs5txMs6S6, s9¬2 x=?zb sz∫i sX`Q5gcMs`QM6. csbµ5
wo8ix3Ns2
wv3Czb
ra9o6Ù6
X3NAbs9li
yK9o6Ùz5
X3NAbs?Ms6S6
ttCDbs9lil
xW6h3isix6gk5,
si4√6bsJi4.
bm8N
wv3C3l
xv3E8Ni6nsMs6S6
wo8ix6†5 xq3Cs0pym/Exc3ix`Q7mb w˜4 xq3Cu1i W/4ncs6X1uZu4.
bm8N wo8ix3i6 yK9o6Ù6 si4√tA5 gnsm/oEi3j5 ß4gCDtQMsE?K5. ≈6rh6bsymiz
W?9ox/sMs6g6
xy`A6X9ox/sMs6S6
wo8ix3is2
wq3Cizi.
s4WDho6X9oxMs6SA5 wo8ix6†5 WoE5tx3ixChQ9lQ5 WFc6tbsgxDt4 N1uiE/ui4
W?9oxJ8N6tbsAt4.
WQxDtcMs6SA5
wo8ix6†5
dFxQ9ME4bq8i5
wo6fygc3-
u3ui`Z6gi5.
w8Ngcw5
cspmio7mEx¬Zlx6Lt4
cspmJx¬NhxMs`QM5.
sc9MAmMs`QM9l
rhgw8N3i4 N1ui6 cspym`Qbu1i4, ryxio wonwJmMs6S5 si4√3lt4 gn6ym/u1i5
bfym/u1i[l N1ui9ME4. ns9l4f4 ∑N4f4 bmgu`Z n6r÷6t5t5txMs6Í4:
ns9l: si4vstgw8N6XQ5 cspym/8i4. si4√0÷`QMz rhgw8N3u4 cspym`Qb8i4.
∑N: ∑.
ns9l: cspm/cClxDm, cspym9ME`Qf4f si4vsyE0÷`QMC.
sfx¬8•5 sc9M4t9lQ5 Ôox4f5 ns9l4f5 Xsly4f9l:
Ôox:
w˜8i4f5
si4vsyc6t9lt5
gnc5b6XQ5
wmwot9lt5,
“scD8Nq8Nm
cspym`Qb8i4.” scs0/symÏ5...V
ns9l: ∑.
Ôox: si4√6gcExc`Q5g cspymMs6√3NAV
ns9l:
∑.
si4√6gcExc`Q5g6
gngw8N6bui3u4
n9lnCw8N3m5.
scDuN6X`QM6
ho`Q5gi4.
Ôox: ∑.
yKoxD∫ — w8Ngc5 xW6h6bsiq5
5
Xsly: ho`Q5g6 raixA5 n6rZ/6S6, s=?¬8•5 ho9ME5g6 si4vs0/s2X5 ho`Q5g6
n6r÷o3li.
ns9l: ∑. bwmw?Ms6S6.
Xsly: gn6ym9lA xbsyxgw8N6gA, cspm9li... sc‰6ymKz scD8NCm cspm`Q5txC4f
gn6buiEA4f
xbsyxgw8N6gA.
raixA5
si4vs0/s9MEo3iDi
hoJu4
n9lQxMs`Q4vlx6t9lz n9lJtg5 WoC/6Sz. whmQ/sZ/3iC whmQ9lA bwmw5gu4
wo6fyc6ymKz.
w8Ngcw5 hoJ4n6ys6gt4 scomMs6S5. gn6bsÔ2 wloEgw8N`Qbz ryxi5bs6
w2WN3iz n6rtbsJ6 sW8N6g7mEsMs6S6. bwmw8izk5 xW6h3isJ5 n6rt5tgw8NMs`QM5
wkw5
Wsygcq8i4,
ryxi5bs6
whmosDyq8i4
ckwosc5b3iq8i[l,
scsys9lt4 wkw5 s4WE/gcFiq5 W7mEsi6Ù5.
ns9l:
w8NgcK5
scsyuiq5
SwAC5ns`QM5
w8Ngc5t8i
wonwpcMs6t9lb.
bwmwZlx6t9lA hDys9lb gn6buiK5 stc5∫q8N˙aK6 whmusb‰8Nq4vlx6gA.
wk1i cspmisÔ2 n6rtbs?9oxiz won6bsizl
wo8ix3is2
whmosDt4nq5
wMcMs6S5
ck6
hD¥5
won6bs?Ms3mΩb
wo8ix3FcMs6t8NA ho. wkw9o wonw0JycMs6S5 ß4gCc5b3i6 g`ZFQ9lA. hD¥5
wo2XMs6S5 w8NE/ui4 bsg4Lt4 xJE=FQ9lQ9l, sc9Ms0/s?9ox9lt4 xg6bsJj5
gÇzJu4. bwmw7m5 hD¥5 u6hd/sAt4 wµ4 grcMs`QM6 w8N3j5 xJE6h6bs5tx6Lt4
ck6.
hD¥9o
WFc6tbs5txMs6S5
bsgA8N6Lt4
w8Nw5
u6ht9lQ5
whmQ/s9lt4
WJ8N5txChQ/s9lt4 N1ui6. W/‰6yZu[o w8Nw5 nN/u4 scsycgw8NExø5 w˜8i4f9l
hDy6 WQx4v8iExc6tbs9li. Geu3DlA ˆ8y rns2 si4√oxzH cspmi6 W?9oxMs6S6 ß4gC3i4f5. hD¥5 won6bs?Ms6S5 WJ8N6y?9oxd9lQ5; wMcysttMs6S6
rhgw8N6 ˆ7m4g6 xg6bs9li k∫9l W0Jy5 nN3Dt9l WQxc`Q8iC6bsZt4. wkw5
k∫i4 W0Jy3i5 nN/4ni[l ß4gCDmgw8NMs6S5 W?9ox0Jbsgx6Xb. NlN`QM6 bw4fx
W0Jygcw5 nN/4ngcw9l xg6bsc5b{˙/˜aymJ5 w4WQ/si6ÙaMs6S5. bwmw8izk5
wkw5 x8kÇq5 nNm5txx6ym˜ao3i3/uk5 trstymic6S5. iFx6yx5 wo8ixExcMs3uJ5 xg3Ni6Ùq8igw8Ns`Q5g6 swiA8N6yMs`Q8i3ui4, ryxi5bs6 ß4©yos3i3u4
yi4nos3i3u4 bfuN6gi[l wo8ix6tbs?Ms6g5. x©tcgxDi k∫5 nN3Dt5 ˙3l u6f†5
nFC/w5
yi4nw9¬8•5
k∫`AtE0Jtk5
˙3l
nXzw5
W?9ox0JtsMs6S5
xg6bs?Ms6S5.
cspmisJ5
cspm/sJ5
n6r?9oxiq8k5
grox3iq5
won6bsiq8k9l.
w8Ngcw5 si4√6XMs6S5 sF4vsi6nk5 xy?6tk5 ck6 g4gox6XMs3mΩb Wy4yk5,
6
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
ryxio wµ4 grcCi wi6tE9lt4 drs†5 xg6bsiq8i5. w8Ngcw5 cspmiq5
scsyE9lA wo6fygcsiC3lA SwAExc`QMA5 yKi4nj5 gÇzw8NMs3m5 ra¿E/sJ5
bsgZcD8N6yd9lQ5 X3N4ymi6nso3ix3mb xy`A6X9oxix6gi4.
hD¥5
wo8ix6tbs?Ms6S5
scsysJ8NMs6S5
xWE?Ms`QM5
X3Nw/w9lt4
whm0Jy3i4
si4√6gxtA5,
won6bsJmlt5
xJE6hw9lt[l
W7mEsQ/c3i3ui[l
sc6bsJtA5
w8Ngc3k5,
wk1k5.
bm4fx
scs0J6bsi4f9¬8•5.
hD¥5
ryxio
ˆ7m8NhQogxCu0J4.
w8Ngcw5
w8Ngcw9o
WQx6t5t?Ms6S5
sWQ/sifj5
sF4v3k5
xWE/sJmhw5©Ms6S5 xWEJ8N6tbs6√Ct4.
scsyQym?K5
wo8ix3i3u
n6rtbsMs3m5
wµ4
w8Ngcw5
si4√Exc3lt5
wo8ix6†9l xW6hc5bExc6Lt4, bmguzl bm3u4 ck6©ExcMs6Lt4. w8Ngcw5
x/sEc5∫q8NMs6S5
wo8ix6ti5
xW6ft4nosd9lQ5
wo8ix6†9l
woChAtQQ-
x`Z6bui5 ~McExc6Lt5. b=N wmwozJcoMs6S6 gÇzic6gu5bs6 ß4gC3i3j5.
bm8N
xg3icMs6S6
wMzA5
wo8ix6goEcbsv9MMs6S5.
wo6fygcsMs`Q7m5:
wcl8kxD0/sMs6S5
w8Ngcw5
wv3CCn1i[l
µ8Nin3u4
gJ3uF1¨5bE-
x0pos6b6: KwgE4 lAÇ8-j5
xc6X5gt5, ryxio hqst5txMs6S5 bmguz.
ns9l wo8ix6ti4 xJE6˙0pJ6 w3ih4¥0JyE?Ms6bui4.
w8Ngcw5 wo8ix6t5tgw8NMs`QM5 xg6bsJui3i5 wo6fyFi3i[l sF4vst9lQ5,
ryxi5bs6
gros6t5tMs6S5
si4√6bui5
bm4fiz
bsg4buk5
µ8NsJ6
w˚ctŒao6gk5 wo6fyso6gi[l x7ml W7mEsQ/so6gi4. whm/Exc6SA5 bm8N
wo6fygc3j5
wMQ/s/Ex4nzi4.
whmQ/s?Ms6g5
xg6bs?Ms6g5
bwmw5g6
cspmi3j5
grox6t8Nh4LQ5
n6rt5tis2
µ8NsJ6
gÇZE¿:
ckw5©o6gi5
gr∫6t4v8i6tQx6LQ9l ra¿ao6gk5 k∫i5 xvs`QosDbsix6t9lQ5.
yKoxD∫ — w8Ngc5 xW6h6bsiq5
7
cspmigc4 whmigw8Ns`QM6 xg•ozNil W`A6ymizi, ryxio µ8NsJj5
x©tcw8N6g6. b=N x0ps`Q8ic6S6 wo8ixDyso6gi5 x4hÎto1i5 wl7u6h6bsi3u4
cspmi3i5.
xW6h6bsi4f5
w8Ngcw5
scc5bw8NMs6S5
ˆ7m4nD8•o6ymi3ui4
wo8ix3F1i4 whm9lt[l b7m6gFis/Ex4n6 wo8ixExc5b6t5to3i3u1i4 eg3zui4
won6bsMs`Q7mb
wkw5
w˚yz8i4
W7mEsQ/q8i[l.
whmMs6S5
wo8ix3F4
cspm`QoDbsymQxq8i5 hD¥5 yKoFiq8i5.
wkw5 cspmizb ckw5©iz
xfixl4
wkw5
whmQ/s?Ms6S5
tt6rE?`Q8iq8k5
yMw5©NhQ/s9lt4.
cspmiE/sJoµ5 whmQ/sMs6S5 scs¥8N4f5 vJytbsymQxq8i4. bm8No bwµA`Q7m5.
cis÷6Xw5
n6rtbsMs6ymK5
scoµc5b6ymo6g5
wk1k5
ttC6X4Lt[l
tt6voEJ8Ni6nsMs6ƒ6g5
whmQcyst/Exc6XK5
!))
srs5
xfiso6gu.
c9lˆi5
xu˙iq5
!())
tt6voEJ8Nsy6
çq6ymo6gi,
wkw9l
bsg`Ax6LQ5
WQxo3izi.
wi4ncMs3m5
wkw5
bwmw4vlx6t9lA
wk1i.
tt6voEi6
fMw{©yusbsitA5 Gw0JJw5 Wy9l scoµ6bsiq5H x7ml xg6gk5 ˙3l ttC3i6,
®Ns/oEi6
csbµ6ysti[l
yKjxE?Ms6S5
wo6fygctA5
wexQ/c6X4S5
ttC6ymJi5
ttCc5b3i6
scsy4f5.
si4√6gi5
xgMsEK5.
s9lu5bs6
wo6fygc3i4
ryxio
x[˜5
cspmisJu4
wkw5
wo8ix6†5
xg6bs?4gFi3i[l.
bm4fx
w4WQ?4Xw5 ßmic`Q5gtg5 xgDuN`Q5gtg9l.
wo6fyoEitA5
ttC6ymJ5
xqJu4
n6rt5t4v8iCh˙aK5
wkw5
cspmizi4
ck6©DbsJ8N6Li. whmi6 cspmi6 ck6©DbsJ8N3iz xfixl4 WQ/sK6 c9lˆk5.
hoiC6bs2
x0p`Ax6
grgcz
ˆ7m4X5
wo8ixDt4nsK6.
r˙izkgw8N6.
x0p`AxoxE/sJ6
sc6bsÔ2
hoiz
b=?
whmu
hoK6
g`ZFc6S6
bw8N
sc6©2
s4W3N3iz˚`Q5g6, ryxio sc6bsJ2 hoJ3N3izk5 W9MEsJj5. sc6bsÔ2 bs5gz
x0pc6X5
W9ME1u4
sc6b6
hoiC6bsK6.
bm8N
wo6fy6
xg3io3JxaK6
r[oyix3is2 W?9oxiEMs6bzk5 c9lˆtA5 n4fwt5tMs3m5 hoi3u4 w˚ctŒai3j5
xsMbsiEMs6bz8i4.
r[oyix3i3j5.
cspmisÔ2
bm8No
Z?msJ5
yKjxAbs5tx6g6
nNymizb
bsg4bgxE9lA
g4yx3F9¬8•5
s4WE/siz
cspmN6yvstQK6
xsM5td/s`QM5
w˚ctŒoE0Jtk5
W/ExgK6.
hoiC3i3ui4
wk4ystk9l
wk1i4
r[oyix3i6tA5
b=?i
r[oyix3isJ6
gryxisMs6g5
ra¿actŒaMs6gk5 d/ˆ6bs5tx7mE1mb s9lusJ6. wk1i4 r[oyxix6t7mEsJ5
sc6ymK5
wkw5
W6fydtc`Q5©iC6LiQ5
whmosEJ8NChQ/sZt4
w˚ctŒAycCt[l
ryxio i3Jttg5 vt`Z˙tg5 vt`Z?1iC6Li0J4. bm4fx ttC6bu•5 scoµ6gQ5
8
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
cspKA5
x0ps`Q8iq5
gryQxDtk5.
whmQ/sJk5,
whm∫aJk9l
xyq9l
h6fwmN`Q5tx3mb. Ív5-yu5 ttC6S6, “i3Jtk5 vt`Z˙k5 w4WQ/6 vt`Z0JbsK6
wk1k5.”
bm8N
scoµ6LA
cspn5txMs3i3uA9¬8•5
NlN6S6
wk8i4
rhu4
g`ZFc3mz6.
i3Jti[l
vt`Z˙i4
gn6bFi3ui[¬8•5,
s=?¬8•5
Ív5-yu5
scctc3iFi3uA5 woymJ3Jxu4 cspn˙u4 i3Jti4 vt`Z˙i4, whmQux6bui9¬8•5.
wlx`Q0Jt4
Ív5
yu5
wo6fyoEp5tx?s`Q8i`Z˚`Q5g6,
wlx`Q0JbsK6
wo6fyoEi3j5 ttC6ymJ5 gryQxDtc3isn?1mb x0ps`Q8•5 bsg4bk5. gr∫Dtk5,
gn6bFi3k5 xyq9l NlNw/6ym5tx`Q7mb. sc6bsJ5 ˙3l “wkw5 ßmJ6ys6tsK5,”
“wkw5 tt6voEJ8N`QM5,” “wkw5 f5bz`QM5 krc6S9l,” sc6bsJ8N6S5 rNgw8N3j5
NlNw6yZi
W0Jtui4.
cspmi6
n6rtbsJ6
xuhk5
G“Ç{jn8
wµ4
sc6S6,
S≈{
scMs6S6 ...” xyq9lH, ryxio Wlx6gu[o gryQxD5 n6rbs?4S6 cspmi9ME4tg5
gryQxDt5
whmoxE/9l
whmQ/w9l
vtbsym9lt4.
ß4©t5tx?sK6
f˚5
Ç{∆n8
rs0JtQMs6bzi4 sc6bFi3j5 xz4ƒ2 x?s2 v2Wxh1is2 u4~k5. x? si4√Ms6S6
Ç{∆n8j5
scD8Nq8Nu
ckw7m5
wkw5
≈8ix˙a1mΩb,
ckw7m5
√1i6bc3mΩ5.
scMs6SÎ6, “s4WDh`QMA5, v2Wxh4SA5.” bm8N sc6bsMs3iC6bsJ6 gn3iE/sJ4nsMs6g6
Ç{∆n8j5
NlNw/‰6ymZu
scoµZ3u
scoµZox3ui
cshw5gusi
!()*u
v2WxN3iÎ6 g`ZFQ/sMs3m5 wkw5 s4WD˙yz8k5. x?s2 sc6bz g`ZFQoMs6Ù
si4√6bzk5
w[lo1us5
s4WD˙¥q8i.
b=N
gr∫Ms6S6
wk1j5
sc6bu4
bmw8˚ozJoxE9lA wk1k5 s4WD˙yEiCo6LA.
wmw8iCwKA5 bwmw5g6 n6rt5tisJ6 gryQxDti5 swEN`Qi6ns1m5 wk1k5.
xu˙i6n˚6ƒ6g6 wk1k5 sc6bsJF•5 v2Wxh1ioDJ5 g`ZFc3m5 x?s2 sc3i3mA.
g`ZFc6gcD8N`QM x?6 whmQ`Qbui5 sc6gFisizi4. x7ml sc9MsyEMs6ym¿
x?
fMw{©yusbsoEx5n6
s4WD˙ygcz8i`ÛMs6S6
whmo6t9lAV
gryQxDtQ9ltA9l
b=N
sc6bFiz
whmQ/sJi4
wkw5
s4WE/sJi[l
xz4fgcFi3j5 xy`A6X9oxo6t9lQ5 s4W3i6∫6Xoxo6t9lQ9l.
wkw5
scsyz5
wo6fyz9l
bmw8˚ozJi5
s4WE/clx`QM5.
wq3Ci3o
NlNw6ymJu5 bmw8˚ozJj5 rS5t5gA W7mEsK6. sc6bi NlNw6yJc6g4nsK6,
czsiz N•8iz r˙iz W0Jtzl. vt6hDt4 h6fwNC/ChQ/s`QM5 NlN3iC6bs9lt[l
NlNw6yymJ5 swENE/si6ns9lt5.
wk1i[o w˚ctŒi4 WoExc6g5 x0ps`Q5tx6gu4 wo6fyc3i3u4 cspmi3u4.
cspmioµ5 w˚ctŒ4ysbsK5 wo6fytA5 grox6bsizl w4WQ/sicCi.
w8Ngcw5
sWQ/sq8Nw8N6ymK5
wk1k5.
cspmiq5
xg6ym/q9l
yKosE0JbsJµ3ix6ymK5 w˚h1i6nk5. bm8Nl cspmi6 gÇzicMs6S6 xqJu4
wk1j5 g`Z9lil xg6gk5. b7m3isZ/6S6 grox6bsJ8N6gu4 cspmi3u4 WoENhQA5b
yKoxD∫ — w8Ngc5 xW6h6bsiq5
9
xqDbs9lil
w8Ngc3k5
xg6ymicMs6S9l
sc6bq8i4.
bmw8k5.
xgi
wonEJmgw8Ngil
wm8NsMs`Q5g6
x0pŒu4
w8Ngcw5
x0pQ`Qb
N1ui3ui4
cspmicMs6S5
swEic3JxMs6S5
whmctŒZh8i3j5
ryxio
w8Nsctzb
csp4v8iDtQ9lQ5
x0ps`Q8isJ8N6g5. b=N hdbsMs`Q5g6 Nr`Û3iq5 w8Ngcw5. x0pŒ4b`Q8i6
wMQ/sic7mE4S6 w8Ngcw5 cspmiq8k5. xgi cspmicCu4 W/Exc3mE4S6 bm8N
cspmi6 scsysli ryxi bw{hjz w8Ngc3j5. cspm=F4 bw8N w8Ngc6 Wlx6gu
cspmN`Q2X5,
cspmiz5bs6
grclxC/`Q2S6.
W/ExcDtQ?s4
xhw9˜4
bm4fx
x0pos6b6: KwgE4 lAÇ8-j5
xW6h6bs0Jt5 n6rt5gQ5 NlNw6y5tx3lb rNj5 sc6bs7mΩb.
˙N8f4 ÷E4f4 Nt3¨5©4. søWv rS¨PLi g~psJ6.
cspmigc6
xg•oztbs`Q7m5
sc6tzk5
moΩ3m5,
scsyc3Fz
s0pE/Exc6XK5 wkw5 wo6fygczi cspmi6 x©tcMs6S6 xg6bsJi5; bwµ4bs6
cspmis2
bf/s?9oxiz
WMs6S6.
wo8ixi3uo
wo8ix6t5
xW6hMs6S5
xW6h3isJ6
nNymlxÇ3J6ƒMs6g6
scCh1i6
grc`QM6
w8Ngc3i5
ryxio
xg6bsic6t8NA.
wo8ixDmZu4
w8Ngvw5
wo8ix6†9l
wo6fygc3u4.
≈6rQxvstQ-
J8NMs6S5 WFc3i3ui9l xg5txD8NMs6Lt5. cspmigcs2 n6rtbsiz xW6fttA5
rs/si4f9l
W/ExcMs6S6.
w8Ngcw5
scc5bw8NMs6S5
si4√D8N3iC6Lt4
ryxi
xW6ftbc6t9lA. bm8N cspmigcs2 wo6fyE¿. n6rtbsK6 bs6¥c5b3is9li.
wo8ix6†5
mr4v8iD8N6yMs6S5
xW6ftq5
w6vwQxDbs?Ms6S5
x©to7mEs9lt[l
wo8ix6tk5
w8Ngc3k5.
wMQxEJ8No6LQ9l
xg6ym/q5
xg6X9o-
x/q8k5. w8Ngcw5 won6yMs6S5 wo8ix6tk5 w6vwtbs?9oxi3ui4; n6rt5t0JbsMs6S6 xW6h6bsis2 wq3Ciq8i5, bm3u[l WcbsJ5 w4WQc5bst5t6x6Lt4.
10
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
scoµZw5
scoµZ5
wloc6S6
w8Ngcw5
xW6h6bsiqi5,
ttC6bsJ9l
wo8ix6tk5
si4√6gx9l vt6h6bsJ5 si4√6gxgcoEis2 wlxi. yK9o6Ùz Wbc6S6 w8Ngcw5
w˚y3u1i4 si4√q8i4 xW6h6bs?9oxt9lQ4. b=ˆ xW6h3isJ5 wo6fysoMs6S5
N7uigw8N6 w˚y3j5 si4√aJ6 xW6h6bsisJ3l xF4ym/4ns`QM5. wMzA5 bm8N
x0pcXl4S6
w8Ngcw5
WD6X9ox?4S6
wo8ix6t5t?9ox0JyE?Ms6bq8k5
xg6bsi4f5.
w8Ngcw5
eg3zu1i4;
cspmi6
wo8ix6t5
w˜8i4f5
s0pDh5txMs6S5
x4hDc5bMs3mb; w˜8i4f5 xW6f†Dtc5b6Lt4; w˜8i4f5 v`Ah4X4Lt4. ryxio w8Ngc3k5
x/s6bsq8NMs6S5 vJ¥8id/s9lt4 W/Exrˆ6ytbsNhx6Lt[l bmg∆N xW6h3isJ5
n6rt5tMs6S5 cspmigcs2 wloq8i bs5gzi[l n6r2X9oxiE/q9l. bwmw8izk5
whmKA5 ≈6r4ymiEMs6bz scoµZi5bs6 mo4bsli.
≈6r4h6X9ox9lQ5
sc4vi6bsJ5
tt6v5
wMostMs`QbK5
wMost/w8NE`QMK6
mo4t8NhMs6XK5
xW6h3isJ5
moZhx6LQ5.
d6vNw8NDtsJ9l
gry3il3i3j5,
x`Û0JbsJ9l
xglx`Qgx6Xb
ttC6ymJk5
xW6h3isQx`ZMs6g5
≈6rQxE/ExcMs6S5 wo8ix6†5 ho csp?9oxNhMs3mb w˚y3j5 si4√ox2 grz8i4.
s0pE?9oxMs6S9o
x0pŒ`Q5g5.
ck6©6bsJ8N3iq8i5
WNhxDys9o
gÇzic3i6ns9lt
gryN6yt5tpsMs6S6
gryN6yQxDt5
ra9o6Ùz8i
˙3l
cspQx6bsJ8N3mΩb
xW6h3•5
w3ih4¥i3l
whmNDt5
grox3i6nsMs6S5
ckά/6,
vMw{©yus`A3isMs6ymJ3l.
yK9o6ÙaMs6gi4.
mo9ME5txlxMs6S5
ck3l
søWv
wr9lx6
wk4t©6gi[l
µr
WNhxDys2
mo5tx6Lt4,
v4r4
xw2Xzi.
bwm8Nwozt8N-
hMs6LtA9l ≈6®i5t8i. xW6h3isJ5 w4W1N3iz W7mEsi6nstMs6XK5.
wo8ix3i6
wvJ3lQ9l
W0JtcMs6S6
W?9oxd9lQ5
ttC6bsymi4f5
ci5ni6nsK6
n6rt5tJ5
c9lˆ5
wo8ix6†5
wvJ6bsd9lQ5
cspnEs6ni3ui5.
wkw5
bm8N
whmoxDtq8i5
whmosDyq8i5
cspmis2
si4√6gx6goEi3u4
cspn3i6
n6r÷Ms6S6
wo6fyq8i9l.
n6rtbsiq8i5
bmg∆N
W/ExgJ7m-
EsMs6gil wo8ix6tk5. wo8ix6t5 whmQ/cExc3i6nsc5bMs6S5 wo6fygcE/ui5
c9lˆt©i6n4f5, bwmwosDmiE/z9l r[oc5txMs6S6. W7mEst5t˙aZ5b ttC6ymJi5
rhgw8N3j5,
wo8ix6tk9o
NlNw/6ymi6ns1m5.
ttC6bsJ5
w8Nw5
gryQxDtq5
scoµ6LQ5
W7mEsi6nsMs6S5
NlN`QvstQMs6S6
wo8ix6t5
iDx6ymi6nsMs3iq8i4 xW6h3isJi4. tt6v5 bfQx`Z6LQ5 x0pcXl6ƒpK5 c9lˆk5
ttC6bs˙k5;
ttC6bsym1mb
ryxio
w8Ngcw5
eu3DQx4v8i6LQ5
sWQ/siz
NlND8•6X2S6
xrC6g6bs`Q5tx6Li.
x0pQ`Q5tx6bzi4
b=N
wo8ix6†5
yKjx5txMs6S5 vtt5ti3u4 wo6fygc3i whmosEi4f5 c9lˆ6ysbsi6nk5. iEs2SA5
yKi5t8i w˚h5g5 wkw5 yKjx5txi6nsixExq8i5 vtt5t?9oxi3u4 whmosDyq8i5
yKoxD∫ — w8Ngc5 xW6h6bsiq5
11
c9lˆk5
W/s/Exc6gk5.
NlN`Q5tx6S6
wkw5
Wym5tixDt4
N1ui6
wo6fycstu1i4 xqgw8NExc`Q5g5 c9lˆ5 whmosDyq8i4, ryxio xy0pEx3lQ5
gryN3ix3mb w˚ctuk5 wo6fy3uk9l.
scoµZ6 k6vDyc6S6 si4√6gxi4 wo8ix6tk5 vt6h6bsJi5 x7m5bs6 ≈o4¥N
f2lj5.
wkw5
whmoxi5
si4√6gx4vs1mb
w4WQ/sJi[l.
wpC6gMs6gu4
dFxQ/cE9lQ[l
n6rtbsJ6
w3ix3l1i3ui4.
˙n8
gnC8ˆDm?4LQ9l.
si4√6gx6bsJj5
wkxC6
Bw3F
n6rt5t?4S5
Xix3j5
W?9oxD0pJmMs6S6
x3Nu4
ttC6bui
x∫b5txzb w˚yFiz si4√6gxtg5 n6rt9lis4. si4√6gxos6bs5tx6g6 k∫u4
grb6t5t?4S6 WJFi3i5: si4√6gx5 si4√gw8N`QM5 WMs6ymJFi3i5, si4√6gx6g5
x©tc6t2X1u/q5 s9luin3k5. si4√6gx6 n6rt5t0Jt©9MEsK6 cspmi3u4 wk1i
bm4fxl si4√6gx5 who=F5tx?sK5 bmgjz scoµZ3j5.
w8Ngcw5 d/o?K5 wo8ix6†9l. wonwps9lb xqJu4 wo2Ù9oDtQMs6XK5.
≈o4¥N f2l
KwgE4 lAÇ8
x0pos6b6: ~o ur0J7-j5
÷E4 ß{b8
xbqsm9lt4 x0pos6b5, wo8ix‰Cu4.
12
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
w˚y3u1i4 si4√5
wonW ß5g?4
x0pos6b6: KwgE4 lAÇ8-j5
xW6h6†5: ≈J „b x7m πi nw7mwJ6
gnπ: µr v4r4
wonW:
!(#!-at9lA w˚JFisJz ÷8kxE ^-st9lA, bsNi ∫a/w8N6gxl1u
cshw5©iC6bsJu5bs6 cshw5©2 ciQ÷i. x3ÇAco6t9lz u5tmbo1j5 st6gF•5.
b8N xˆNw5 rNs7mΩ5 Nuusbs7mΩ5V
wonW: gkisiCC5tA bm8N u5tmbo4, gki3usb9ME4 xbA5tx3u4 xtc6g6, cmi3u4
x∫bc3i6Li, xˆNc3i6Li m4Xw8k1u4, bw8No x∫bZ rS¨ çes3u4 x∫bc6gFi6,
xˆNz vsb6 hDyD¬t9lA gd/‰6gFis9li xˆN4ncgw8N6Li.
b2Ùiusbsq8N6Wy¬V
wonW: ∑ gki3usbsgw8N6SA5.
bwm ∫4fx, xW6h3lb ryxiV si4√Dmq4fF5 WD6X9ox9lt.
wonW:
x©tc3ix6Xb
WD6X9ox•8NC
si4√EJ8N6bC,
x©tc6gu4
ryxi5bs6
xgDmZlx6gz, ∑ si4√D8N5tx6gz.
w˚y3u1i4 si4√5 — wonW ß5g?4
13
g~Amgw8N6A5.
wonW:
Xøy4f8•g8•Ms6ym8i3mb
!(#@-at9lA,
Xøy4f8i3usbsJ8•6Lt4
xKz
˚vw8NMs6ymZlx6gA5 gkiDys2 kNd∫k5, ∫s?•Ms6Lb x3ÇAu xbsy3u4 bmsz
u5tmbo1j5 st6gFisJA5, kNo1i kNoQ/sJi kNc6t9lb h6fwhx3Jfl4b6Sz
!(#^-so6t9lA kNo©9lb kNcoMs6gA5 x∫bZ suxcqPLi, suxz xg6bs8i3m5
x7m sux4v8iz ˙cw Xøy4f8i WpQ/sJFisZu rhgw8NcMs3m5, sux4v8iz bsKz
gkiDy3j5 em4bFiE9lis4. b=?i kNoC˜a=FQo6b5t8i kNc6Lb sux4ncq5gFis1m5 h6fwQ5txqbC ^-gw8N3i5 x3ÇAco3iCm. x3?1ix6t4f8i[Å6 suxdtFiDl4
kN¨5gDl4 kNQ/5b ciQ÷•5g6 b=?`Z5 eJ1i5 „/w9li suxosMs6ymJFi6
N5t3i b9omw8N3i5 xuc6Li ur5gD¬9li S4b˜6gu4 xw4Ost4nENh4Lis4. xhw9˜[o
bwµ4
Wc5bMs6ymJ6.
xatgxaZlx6Li
w˜4
xiZ5bs6
xzJQΩ6bC
wvJ6tQZlx6Lis4 hDys9li5bs6. bw{hmi xs/st9lA @)-i4 eMlZMs6ymJ6,
N1ui6
cspmqbClx4v
xiZ
bwm
cspm5txc5bMs3m5
ttCc5bMs6Li
cspm0JtQMs6bC.
srs6t9lAl
∫8N©q5©Zlx6
wox3JFisZu
y4f0/sJxl1i5
trbsc5b6Lb
WNJ5txc5bMs3m5
eMlZ3i5
Nrgw8N6.
#$-a6ƒ6gi4
√c5bMsq5gA5
k6vzgw8Nq5g4n/sMs6g6,
eMlZMs6ymJ6
hDyst9lz
x∫bZ
ryxi5bs6
s9lw5
wMq8i ie4ncqo6XMs3uJA5 yM ˆ7mqgxCw1m5 e1iE/sJ9l xgw8Nsqt9lQ5.
ryxi hD¥5 ®Ns/cc5bMs6ymq7mb bw{hmi tEZixk9l ©Zk9l W0Jt4ncc5bMs6g5.
∫8Nl
Xøy4f8i5
s˙aMs3mb.
w6vNw/6gFisZlxCu
h6fwh4gA5
bfMs6ymq5©c5bC5b
sxnst9¬8•5
ryxi
yf/Çz5
k6vgxCuo
®Ns0/c5bD8•vstQ9li-
xJ3N6gx¬c5b6t9lQ5
xs/oµ3l
c9lˆ4f8kxc5bbw8NMs3mb
c9lˆi5
†4f8i4
mfiz
hv4fi4 Wobw8N˙aMs6gA5 x7ml xˆN4fv x∫b4fv y[Zox6gc5bq5gx¬o6X4Lt4
xs/oµ6
hdbs6ƒpqPLi
x0pQ/sq5tx6gu4
nl4tc5bMsqN5b.
w˚ycc5bMs6SA5.
ryxi
fmox¬9lb¬8•
µ8N
ixd5t8i
s9lusJu4
x8kÇ5t8il
hdbsqPLi wo6fys1m5 sxnstclxq7mbl, sxns/w8NqPLbsc5bMsC5b. ryxi
h6fwh1uJz
iqs6S5
sxnw8Ns/6g6
w6f7mbµ5,
sxn3FcqPLi
˙3l
wu3u
sd7u6yZu WZus4, ®Ni sxn6Lis4. ∫8N5bs6 wo6fyE/sMs6g6 k¿¬o6Srx6 wµ4
whmNq5txMs6g6, wu3u4 is6y4v8iMs6Li w3D6g5tx4v8io6Li. sxnsth8i8iz
tÙeiz
x4hxl4
hÍ6g6gcoÇzu.
mmc5b6Li.
µi
x7ml
yMu
hDysZlx6Li
wfmflw5
bw4fx
wr5tJc6Li
Nwm9lA
mm6gx¬6ƒp?Ms6g6
≈3Ωac5bMsq5g6 s?8k5, w[lu mmEq4vlx6LA yMu mm6gxl4 wfmh8i.
14
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
c5yi5 cb`AtcMs6r5V
wonW:
bw{hmi
hDys9lz
tnmw8Nsq8Ns/Ms6SA5
ryxi
hDyslxflA8•6t9lz
kv6∫Ms6ym1uJA5, bw8N m3Î8i x3ÇAc6Li gdMs6ymJ6. w8ND¬o6t9lzo w˜4
eg3zc6gD¬o6Lz, eg3zcqhΩ3J4Lz kv6∫Ms3uJz b9omsJA5 ßmMs6gA5.
∫4fx cspmqN4r cb`AtQMs6bt5 x3Nsi6X5, w˜4 x•5
scsyE6vs/w5.
wonW:
xzJ4O6Ù6
bw8N5bs6
Xøyu4
x∫bc3uJ6,
bw{hmi
xˆNZ
swz
tA/sMs6ym8i3m5 dr6yJx¬8i3m5 c9lˆu4 tA/s0JtcMs6ym8i3m5, kc9M3u4 xtc6Li
bw8N dr6yJFi6. tA/symizi bsNi xˆNZ Xøyu5 X6rpui5 eg3z6∫Ms6ym8i3m5
bwm
xiZ
~uso
x3Nv9M4,
x∫b8i9l
swi4vu
Xi4∫Ms6ym1u1m5
bwv
w˚PI6S6 bwvsPI6S6, ∫8NsoClx6t9lA b=? w˚PIo3i3uZm, Xøyu4 x∫bc6gz.
∫8N xiflQiC6vs/w5 ttC˙a8i3m5 wk5t©5V
wonW: ∑ ryxi.
Nr5 wo8i3z5V
wonW:
^-i[o
x3ÇAc6Lz
ttCD8N6yMs6ymJz
mfiz
xw,
w,
s,
x
i4,
bwm8Nwc5bMsC5bo x3ÇAr5gf¬t9lb ho wo2X9oxtbsc5bMsC5bo xˆN5t8i5. x7ml
ttC6ymJi5 ckwozJ3aN xWEc5b6Lb xJE6˙0/s9lb, xyxi4 W/4ncqN5b w7mç.
bw8No xiZ c9lˆtg9¬8•5 ttCsy3u4 gryxc5bMs6g6, ˙cw7m Xøy4f8i3usbsJ6.
xW6ft4nc6X4g4ns8iCu x7ml xJE6˙0/s?4g4ns8iCu mfizl cspm5tx6Lis1m5,
cspmi6ÙǬq4vlx6Li cspmic5txCu.
ˆMstcc5bMs6Wy bw5hmiV
wonW: ˆMstc6ƒMsq5g9ø4fx c9lˆ5.
bwmo b2Ùi kNc6t9ly g~c5b6guisJt5 w`Qsyfl8i5
xqJ6√y8•5 w5gfy8i¬8•5 hDy3k5 gÇzJi5V
wonW:
w˜4
h6fwh5txqt9lz
ho
!(#^-at9lA
¿6tbsMs6ym1mb
xˆN4f4v
wo6fygc3u[l xgD8•d/siƒ9lt4 bwmw8Nh1iq8˚J4nsJ6 x÷÷˙aMsq5g5 mguz
ryxi
WysiC6bt8i
Åts2
scsyq8i5
w`QD8Nc5bMs6gA5
w˚y3u1i4 si4√5 — wonW ß5g?4
ˆ5†a/bµ5
15
vt/Exc˙aZ5b. w`QD8N5txq5g4n/sMsq5gz xˆNK5, iqs6S5 w`QCJ4gQx9M4
Wy3i5
ryxi.
cspmZ˜c5bMs3uJz
hDy3k5
W0JyE/sc5b6gi5,
ryxio
mfx
w8Ngcso6Lz cspxobw8NMs6ym/4v csp/Exc3uZ4r5.
kNos9ly xu˙c5bMs6ymFyV
wonW: !(#^-st9lA kNosMsC5b, &-w8Ns6ƒMs6ymZ5b, x3ÇA7m5 xs9˜3FsMs6ymJA5 kN6vtcoMs6ymJA5 xbsy3u5 wkQx1i6nsJi5. w˜q8i x3ÇAi kN6vtc6X4Lb, x3ÇAi5bs wMq8i kN6vtcD8•c5bMs6gA5. bµi (-i5 sk3icc6bMs6gA5
s=?l *-i5.
bwm ≈8i6gc6guisZw7m5 ˙3l ro3iDF5 xˆN8k9¬8• wM8k9¬8•
wvJ6bs9ly ryxisc5bMs6ym?V
wonW: ∑ hDys9lb wvJ6bs˙aZ5b roÇz5b c9lˆ6bDl1u5 bµ`Z5 m5gy6bs9lb
xqlxqt9lA xqJv9MD1u5 ro[AJD¬Ms6ymZm, ro6gx¬1uZm xqJv9˜3JD¬6ƒpJu4
xsˆ6gxlq8N3m5, x∫bm msN eM4Lis4 c9lˆ6bj5 gx5gfl1j5 Xsz wW6ym9lis4
xsˆD8•6yxEMs6ym1u÷z,
w~4tbs9li.
bw4fxo
bwm8Nwc5b6ƒMs3mb
wMQ/4v
rhgw8Ni5
xqJi5
mfiz
roÇzb,
eM4bs9li
WNÔtc5txc5bMsq7mb
W3DlxeZJq5gx¬9lbl, s?zgx6 r9o6f6gJ6. w˜4 h6fwh1uJz xiZ bw8N xn3u,
dzyzA5
msN
S9o6gxl4
xmE/sJf¬9li
x3ÇAcq5g6,
S9o6gx¬9li
bµi
xfiD¬6ƒ6g6 bwmwo3i3m5. x∫bZ nN9li nFfl1u4 Í4bÔaq5gu4, r9¬tFis2
wMFiflxi4
®Nc5tx6LA
eJ1u
wSx6LA.
yi4g6
vWMs6ym/z
bmsN,
cspnc5b6Lis4 cspnc5b6bs9li ∫4fN`Z5. hDysZm s0pDhMsq5gz, NlN6gx¬J4nsZlx6t9lA vW9lis4 meJx¬9li, WsyyvstQ9lil. metbs1m5 exD¬/6ymMsClx6Li nw7mCu Nt3¨vboMs6ymJ6. xbsyxq5gz bwm8N vW/sJu4 bfc5b6ymJz.
¬5∫cc5bMsq5©6V
wonW: ∑ ryxiø8N u5tmbo4 ¬4∫cobw8NMs6g6 !(%$-at9lA, ¬4∫aq5g6
≈8ixys6tbcobw8NMs6g6.
ckgw8N6 xW6ft5ncD5y xWEA8Nyx6gy, s?z©0/q5g6 x7ml
ckgw8N6 scDmgxD5y.
wonW: ∑˜4 xW6hc5b3ly ryxi woCNqtx6ymKA5 xq3C5t8•q8N5b, bm8N¬8•5
hDx¬c5bMs3mΩ5b
16
ckrx6
sxnstcqxl4Lb
mfizD¬/6
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
fmox¬9lylcw
fmw/ChDl4vlx6Ly,
rhi[o
iEc5bMs6Wy
s9˜4f5
w6f7mÇz{y
rhj9l
x[Zy
nl7m6nc5bMs6Wys4. wm8N¬8•5 v`AQqtx6bK5 bm4fx.
gry5tx6vsqN4f rhj[Å6 w7mZw7mb vW/sc5b6gu•5V
wonW: r9¬t7mfx s¬tsiC6bs?4Lt[l cspmFys4 eJ1u4 W0JtQ/s˙5V bwmw5gFi6
ˆ7m4ytbs9li, r9¬tF•5 bw4fx wW1i6ÙaMs3mbcw bw{hmi.
r˙iC6bsJu•5 r9¬y3zw5V
wonW: r9¬y3z5.
nÏ5 ∫4fx bwµ4 nN/sJ5 r9¬y3zw5V
wonW: r9¬tFisAi r9¬y3z3u4 bw/s˙a1mb, mfx c5bs/FiDJw5 wWq8i6n9˜¬6ƒ3mb xe8i6ns9lt[l wo`Z/PLt[l nFoxa˙aq7mb.
bwm xW6fyEJmlx6vs/C ck6 sw∫3i3mΩ6W5,
ck6 kox6∫E/s8i3mΩ6W5V
wonW:
w˜4
hDy9Mf¬t9lz
wMŒ4vlx6Lk4,
w9lflŒ`QhzDt4
wk4tg5
wMŒDJ4vlx6Lk4
x3NctŒ`QhzDt4
bw8Nl
wMŒ9ø4fx
x?i
swQMs6bC
sw4n‰4tbsJFisJA4
vtd/si6ns˙a8i3mb,
szt5txzi.
Xøy4f8i
wm8N
x∫bZ
ej4ycbsc5bMs3m5 ho Xøyusbsq4vlx6Li w[lo1j5 ˙3l, NjD¬/6 vq6LÛW1j9l
≈t4?wj9l. ej4ycbsix6t9lA u5tmbo1jxMs6ymJA5. u5tmbo1j5 Xw/6gMs6ymJA5
xˆNZl
kvCl
xiZl
∫4ƒ9lb.
b=?•PLb
bf/EsoMs6ym1u/C
szy4gu
kNcoMs3u1mb bw8N sw4nE/C, hDys9lz bfc5b3ifQMs6LA u5tmbo1usbsMs3mb
Xøy4f8iusbs9lt4. bfqgçl4LA xfixl4 !%-i[l x3ÇAcoCm v`Ah˙ao6Lzl,
wpQJ8NqPLA x[˜5 b=? ∫8N b=? cspm9lA. hNs=? sW3Ω4v8i`A6X5 vtix6gA4.
xat•c5bqPLbl, xat•c5bq8N5b xiQqb5t8i xiK5 bm0/gxa1mb, xatj5
x4gxi6
cspmMsqN5tA5
ck6
xati5
Ws4nExc3i3u4,
Ws4nExc3mΩ5b
cspmMsq8Nm ho, ˙cw !%-gw8NsZm bfZJqj9l kv2Wxi4. b=?i bfc5bMsv4LA
u5tmbo1u wkQxv9Ms9lt[l xs9˜6Lb xq3C5b u4~kxo6Lb trMs6ym1m5, xiZ
c9lN0pxa/Cu ∫{hjz wr8i3m5 s?5t8i3usbsoMs6ymJ6. xzJZ cspMs6ymZ4f
sw4nc{˙/6g6 !^-aq7m[Å6 swid/sqPLi x3ÇAoµu4 sb6rtbs9li, !^-ao3m5
xw/sMs6ymJ6. whmMs6ym1uJz bwm8N WtbsixChQ9lz xˆN4ft8k5. x7ml xat5
xiQqPLQ5 ciQ/Ex4nq5 v2WxN6ƒpJx¬Ms3mb sFiq5 ckw7mbrx6, x4gx/Ex4nq5
w˚y3u1i4 si4√5 — wonW ß5g?4
17
xJ3N6gx¬Ms3m5. !%-i4 x3ÇAc6t9lz tr7m5, trym{˙/o3m5 b=?i kNo©9lb x∫bZl
N8ix6ymZu xs9M6ymc5b3m5 tr7m5, trymo3m4 xˆNm scstMs6ym1mA tr8iC6Lis4
∫8N izs4nz. x∫bZ eg3zEq8Nuz w7mc c˚Zlxrx6 xoxNwMs6ymq5g6,
rsMs6ym1m5 xoxNwAhgw8N6Li wvJ6tc3ixoC5b wvJ6tQ4v8i3ixC5tA5, bwm8Ns1m5
sWQNhQxcMs6ym/C,
si4√Eq5gz
®Nz¬8•5
ck6
eFxEx4nz
bwmwc5b6ƒMs3mb,
Wc8NE/9˜lQoMs6ym1u/C,
ryxi
xJ6∫lQ9lA.
xfislxq5g6
n4ƒm/sNq5gx¬1m5
koxiAmJu5
s?8igx6
xs/6t9lA
x4gx/sJmqDl4v-
lx6Li bwm8N hqsttbs/8N3m5. mo4bsnCwPLil Nj5 xKz szy4gx3J1jxCh4vlx6Li eµF4n6bc3N÷q5g6, Wc8NE/6∫E÷lQ9lA ryxi. ck6 swi1isNhQMs6ym/C
bw{hmi
ttCc5bMs6ymZml
ckgw8N6
ckw0JyE/8i4,
swi4Sz
sw∫6Szs6ƒpMs6ym1uJz vttbsi6bvq4vlx6t9lA xJE6hwp4f8i wMQ/sD¬/[AMsCm vttbsymqi5t8i csp/Çzu4 vtt5tJmc5bMs6ym1mb xJE6hwp7mfx Wzh7m‰5
vtt5tJmc5bMs6g5
vttbs/ExcC5b.
vttbsJmJ8•Ms6gz
g4yx3Fsq5©Zlxu9o
vttbsym/‰Cm,
Åt
w˜Å6
bsg4g6.
g4yxF1u
~MQc5bMs6b4v
vttbsMs`Œ8N6Lk4 bwm`Z5 !(($-at9lA Ns`AMs6S6.
ck6 hqsy6bsc6bMs3mbV
wonW:
bwm
sc6vsKz
xa5
wm8N
x4gxyvstQ/Ex4nz
xJ3N6gx¬1m5
w4WQqPLaø, x4g6yMs6ymqPLi xa7u5. ∫{hm scsy6tA9l movbDJ1izA9l
hqst?9ox5tx6g6
WJ8Noµ3it8iMs6gA5,
n4ƒm/qg9˜l4,
x4h9o
s?z
s?AΩ3o
bys6bsNhvb4Lbl
xˆN4ft8i
woCh4vm
WMsq5gA5,
rhxl1u
tAylz
WQxc5bMsq5gz.
wMq9o bwmwc5bMs6gw5V
wonW: ∑, xˆN4ft8io woCh4vm ty4tymgw8NDl4vlx6Lz wm8NlxÇl4 WQxcqPLz.
swcDmqg9˜¬Ms6gz swç8k˜6gz hDys4v8iDmMs6ymZlx6gz. v`AN6g4nsK6
wo{y8k5 g~lA.
∫8Nw˜4 sw4nEZFs4 cspm/so‰3i6v N0pxE/s9lt5 hoV
wonW: ≈4v w˚t9lzw8N ur5gD¬t9lkcw vt8i3mb xˆN4f4v dwiJx¬t9lzÅ6
x7mlÅ6 bw8N dwiJx¬9li “sw4n‰ao3oq4fx4 kox4n‰ao3oq4fx4” bwm8N.
18
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
ck9o u6hEs6ni6r5V
wonW: w˜4 u6hEs6ntbsd/s9lb Wq4vlx6Lb xˆNK5 iqs6S9l u6hc5b6t9lQ5
mfx
wo3ifflw5
„/3ifw5
tAMD¬/6LQ5
“u6hMs3MÅN”
“u6fbw6yPI3ixCF5”
“WJ8N0÷q5gt5” wmwos6bs?4vlx6Lb, srs2 wMz8i g4yCo3u/Çz5b WtbsJ8Nc5bMs6gA5. mfxo WsQi6ÙE?MsC4r5 do5bs/4nDJw5 do5bs/4n6 xo6yflQ?4bK5.
u6hDmi6ÙE?MsC4r5 x7ml x8iE/sÇl4Lt4. xaMNhD¬/6X4Lbl ritED¬/6X4Lbl
to/s0Jbsq5©Zlxi5
rh4nsq5gi5
mfiz
WQxDtc6ƒc5bMsC5b.
xˆN5b
xfiQ6ƒ6XMs3u1mtA5 xJE6hx8kQx4n6 wµ4 gxFlD¬/w8N3ifzk5. u6ho7m4n6ƒMs6gA5
u6h6bK9l
sWQ/sJf¬vstQJ8NqPLt4
s0pDh1icoMs6SA5
x7ml
u6hDm9˜lvs6gClx6bK5.
u6h5tx6bXlQ6ƒp9lA
bf6ftQ9lA,
bwm8N
“XsNlxÇl4
u6hvb4vFs4.” bwm b=N Nlc5b3uJz wo8ix6tK5 sWQc5b3ltA5 wonCw8i6nf¬6ƒpJ5. bwm8N Wc5bMs6ym1uZ4r5 w3i4v yK9ø5 wo8ix6bu1i4 nN6rq5gx¬FyøM?Ms6b4v. bwmwbsc5b3iFiÇ mo4LA xrNh4gzsq5©Zlx6 wo8ix{˙÷l1mb ho
nNJ8N6yNt4. bm8N ≈8i3N6ƒp˙a1m5 ≈8i6nCwq5©9lzo hDysMsCm, xe5gziC6bsA9˜l4Lz, i9ox4√¬iC6bs?4Lzl. xˆN4f4v bwm8N “iWcq0ÔuxlMsE5,” x7mw˜4
“ev3ÔuxlMsE5,” ckw7m9orx6 xJoDtQ?9oxMsqN4r5 bm4fx W6rq5gx¬iC6bs?4Lzl
nN6rq5gx¬iC6bs?4Lz.
x0pŒq5g4f5
wq3CZ5b
wexhA8NqPLzl
∑
nN5txv8iDmi3u4
wexhA8NqPLzl
xatysbsPIClxDi
w˚MsCm
xJq8ioµ8i.
whm∫c5bMs6ymJz.
ckw7m4rx6
xzJZo
bmsˆMs3uZm
bwm8NsMsq5g6
ni5tx8i x3Nf¬Zuocw uaoEJmhw5©9lil x0pQMsq5tx6bC. bm8N x0pŒqi4f5
wlx6ƒpMs6gA4 xw2XC xzJZ ∫8N x©tclx6ƒpqPLi s?z x©tc6g9˜¬9lz.
x0pŒ1i4 W5tx6bsc5bMs6gA4. ryxi m4f4yo6o9lk4 µi !@-DJ1i x3Ç/Aco6t9lk4
x0pŒq5gi4 wo6fyco6ƒMs6gA4 cspm/4f9ø h0÷q7uJ3osN gn3iq5gu4 i9o3FsJ8N3i6ns6ƒp?Ms6gz.
x0pQ/si3u9l
d/Q/si3u9l
n6r=Fs9li
iqs5t8kq˜4.
iqs6S9l xJo6X9ox9li d/oc5bMs3m5 s?5t8k5 wMQ/sc5b6Li WJ8N4v8iDuN6gxl4. x7ml x∫bZ w3icq7m5 xJq5gu4 ∫8No xiZw˜4 e7uc3u1m5, e7uk5bs6
X6r/s?4gA5.
x∫bZ
wvJ6t4ncq7m5
xy8i4
wvJD¬/4v9˜¬Ms3uJz
s9˜4f9l
∫Clx6t9lAl ho x˚E/6gc5b6Lz. N[oQ9lA x∫bZ wvJDm9lA. w˜4 WsJxlFis6ƒp9lz si4√/c5bCm, g~q5gx¬iC6bsc5bMsEKz bwm g~q5gx¬J4ns8iCm,
x7ml bX8ix¬Ms6ymZm. bXh4gu4 cspmF¥V
∑.
wonW: x4gvs6g6X4LQ5, ≈8i6bs?4vlx6Lz xi8k5 xzJ4O6Ùj5, sfx ≈8i3N6gD¬1m5 wm8Nwotbs9li x7ml t[l4bs9li ex5bwomQx6X4Lz bXh4v8iD8N3ixC4f.
w˚y3u1i4 si4√5 — wonW ß5g?4
19
bw8N xe5gziC6bs0JtQ6ƒc6bMs6bC bX8ix¬MsCm. x7ml WyD¬/3i5 gngxCzm
w4fN`Z5
kN6vt5t8i5,
w`Qvb4∫lQo6LQ5
bwmw5gxl1i
w`Qc5b3i8i4
WsQ/sqD¬/6X4vlx6Lz, g~q5gx¬MsCm g~7mEq5©MsCm. x7ml ˆMd/s˙aq7mb
mfx
sc9M4g5
ˆM4√¬MsCm,
xWEJ8N6yc5bMs6ymJz,
ˆM`Ax`Qs/6lz
“ckw7m5
xati5
b=?
ˆMs÷3J4Lz,
v2Wxhc5v6WyV
˙cw7m
ckw/7mbV”
“xW6hqDl~E9o” hNs=? xgo˜E9lA bm8N. sFi4 x4gctQQxz xJ3N6gx¬1m. x7m
xiZ cspmMs6ymZ4f c9lˆu4 x∫bo4, x0p`Axzi4 bfc5b6Lz XøyÅ3aN, s?8i4
cspmqPLz
bfJ8Nq8N4fcw,
xJE6hwpDJ1u
hÍÔvb4Lt[l
tÙeJflw5.
c9lˆu4.
xˆNZ
c9lˆu4
b=?i,
gJ3uxcoÇz5b
mm6gx¬c5b3m∫
xWEoMs6ym1uZ4f
xWEMs6ym1uZ4f
b=?
“c9lˆ9orx6
mfx
x8kÇq5
ur5gXlx¬J4ns9lz
gt4LQ5
ÙøyDJ1u,
mm6gxlw5
swcMs6ymJÎq8N
mm6S5V”
hx4bsZlx6Lz
gnCh4√¬JZm. xqgw8N`AxC/6Li xˆNZ, w2Xq5g5 mm3mb wmwoΩC/6Li.
mmq7uJDlw5bs3q4fx.
wonW: c9lˆ9o mfx mmE÷l4v. w˜4 w2XqPLt fmcqPLt9l mm6XMs3mb.
bwm gryQxDmo3uZm ∫4fx W5bwom˙5 W/sc5bo6vb ck6
W5bwomQxcc5bMs3mΩb, ck6 W5bwomly W/Excc5bMs3mΩb
x3Nw5 si4√vw8ND8N6r5V
wonW: W5bwoi3u4, gnsmgw8NClx3lA xgMsqbK9o sc6vsZm !(#^-u xˆN4f4v
¿6tbsymoMs6g5 wo6fycMs6g5 xgd/sJu4, ryxi xˆNmo wo6fyE/Fiz5bs6
x3Nw5
W/Exc`Qbcs6gx¬8i3mb.
N9ost/Çz5
∫8N
cspm/s/Excc5b6gFi6
b6rbµ5
∫8N
x3Ns2
xg6X5bz
xsˆo3iDi.
x7ml
xsˆ3i6
xats2
w4y¿3FQ?4bzi w4y¿c5bd/s8iq5g6, bmsz wqvbd/s?1iq5g6 ∫8N xa5
xaNh4ts1m5 ßmJCh4ts1m5 sfNi ttC6ymZlx6gz. w˜4 si4√6bsgw8N6t9lQ5bs6
gnsmZ4r bm4fx. ∫8No N0pJ6 W0JycsD¬/6tbsc5b3i3uJ6, N0pi3ui4 cspmogxDi
cspm/sygxDil, N0pNhQ/soD•˜4 b6ru bµi b4y√/sc5b6gF•5 w8NE/sJj5.
b4y4bsNh4Li cm`Z5 Ni/sNh4Li NlNq5gf¬˙a1mb, wloE?qbui4 b6v1N
wloco˙a1m
csp/sNh4g3aN,
csp/s~oNh4S6,
W5bwo/cso6S6
iEc5bExcqPLi ßJ3u4 ryxi.
20
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
urZ3u[l
N0poCw7m urZ6gExc6Xiq5g6V
wonW: ∑ ßJ6g3li ryxi. x7ml w6f7mÇzu w8Nz{˙/ExcqPLi mrvs6g3li,
gxF6gx¬q4vlx6Li mr9li xilil, xiMs3li wyDi whm6ho3ixClx6Li, bw8N
w3ix4nz N0pxzw˜4 Wi3lzdNA. xgChQc5b6bC ho m8N wkfl6 bw8N x[Q6g6
ˆ5t8i ˆ{y8i bw8N NJZ5txEQxc3m5. µ8N W5bwoJ8•Clx6t9lb Wd/sq5gi4bs6
W5bwoymi6nsQxc6gA5 ˙3lcw y[Zox6gc5bd/sq5gy y[Zox6gc6bExcq9M5∫6gy.
bw8Nfl4
s4WDh6ƒMs3uJ5
w˚yflz
w˚yfl4
xi~o/Excc5bPI6S6
xq9o?9oxizi
bw8N
x7ml
ˆ3¨o6g6
swz
s4WE/C.
bw4fx
yKo6S5
X6r/s5txExc3izi4
w˚y4nz
sXw8Ns/ExcPI6Ù
wvJ3lA,
tr2X5
wvJq9lA¬8•5 sX6√ExcPI6Ù. ˆ6fgy?9oxiz mo[lA Wd/sJi4, nwogw8ˆllxd/s8iqPIEK6 bw8N ieD¬6ƒpJ6 x3Çz bw8N iW`ZdNA nwolxc5b6gxlw[Å6
iW`Zi6ns˙a1mb
xzJ6√a1m5
bwmwq4vlx6X5
xˆNsJ6
ˆ3ui4
bwmw8NhQ/sJFi6.
xsMt5tq7m5
bw8N
nw9o6glxÇz5
∫8N
bwm8NsJ4nsq4vlx6t9lA
cs6ymi6nsd9lA.
nw9o6gJu4 gryq5yx.
wonW:
nw9o6gJ6
mfx
kcz[AJxlw5
†Ï[AJxlw5
rhoEZt5
nw9o6gJu4
bw/s˙a1mb. wMq9l nwoFcq5g5 k6vzJ8N5txq5g5. k6vzZJ1i6~lw5 wMq5
rhoEx4nq8i4
whm`AxD8Nq5g5
yid/s?1i3uJ5
sw3zDi
yi{˙÷ld/sqPLi5bs6
whm6˙tcd/sqPLbl
nw9o6gJx¬1mb.
s9l4f5
whm6h6tbsc5bMsq5gA5
sw5b
bwm
N0p9lt4
yivw8Nc5bd/sJFi6
W5bwomi6
i`Zsm/d/sqPLb¬8•5
wMq5
sw3Ωl˜q8Nu,
xgD8•Clx6t9lA.
N0pZ5b.
i`Zsm/o˙D¬-
oMs6ym1uZ5b ˙cw7m rhu[¬8•5. g~7mE4gXlD¬oMs6ymJz bX8is/sqDl4vm, w˜[o
bm8N v2WxQ÷¬QMsC4f, hDysJ8•6Lzl ˙cw7m.
w3ih8i3u5 won6tbsMs6W5V
wonW:
≈4v
scs0/s?9ox9lz
won6tbsMsq5gz.
nr8k9l
xˆN8k9l
ryxi
w3ihoCm
bwm8N
wmwozd/svb1i3u4
W0Jysd/sJi5
xgCh4Lz,
N9Mz`AxPI3MzÅ6, N9MzoCml wlx6y5tx6Li sw3zo6Lz bwm8Nwq8NDJ4Lz.
w4fx NXiCc5bC5tA wm8N NXJx¬lisq5©Zlx6 w4y¿gx6X5 is1i w1i6LiQ5
NXiCC5tA,
wm8N
f0/3li
NXvb9lisiq5©Zlx6.
bwm
NXoCu
wlxq5gxlv-
b1i6ns9o3m5 bwmwozw8Nd/so6Li N9M6bwoli. ∫8N Wsq5gx¬6ƒ3m5, N9Mzi6
wlx3i6ns6ƒ3m5.
w˚y3u1i4 si4√5 — wonW ß5g?4
21
b=? w3ih5g†5V
wonW: ∑ h4voi6nsd9lÅ, ≈8ix{˙/dNz, ≈8ix6X9oxiz mo4LA wlx6yt8Nh4X4LA
xivs6g3i6ns9li. ≈8ix3izl mi7ugw8NΩ6LA xinCw8i6ns1m5. xˆNs2 ∫{hm
w3ih4©2 xitc5bq7mA w[ox9o xitc5v3mA hvc5b3izb x4XX9oxtc5b3mA. ∫8No
w3ih4g6
xˆNsJ6
w3iym1uZm.
s0pE/s5txc5b3i6ns6ƒpc5bMs6g6
yK9o3u
Nqx6gx¬Ms6ymZm.
wJ4voÛ6ƒp9lzl
≈8ixys6tk5
eW4ym9lbo
w3ih4Lz
∫8N
wk©/Es6Lzl
N9Mz=FQ/C
w3ih`AxW4r9lzl
x9Mvb`AxW4r9lz,
w3ihc5bMsC5b
m3Dw6h6Lz
nrZ
WctQq5bEs6LAl
ur5gD¬6ƒp9li
wk1k9l
∫4fkz,
v2WxN6gx¬Ms6ym1m5.
x9Mvb4gx¬qPLbo
≈8ixF1u
Nw5gA¬9lil
w˜4
¬4∫E/8k6vw
bwm8No
W˙aMsq8N5b
wk1k5.
bw8N
sb6r/s5t-
xE9li5bs6 WomqPLA ∫8N. (-i4 w3iymo6Lz w[lu wm8N xq3C8i, !)-Qo6bz8i
≈8ixF1u Wvi w3iMs6ymPICm. ˙3l w3i¿9l4gz Nqx6gx¬9lzl h6fwm4OqPLzl
g~pcqPLzl
v2Wxh4g9˜¬Ms6ymJz.
w˜4
xoxNwq5gxl4
whmQ9lA.
g~pc6t5tc5bMs6ymq7mb b2Wvi !(^*-at9lA. w3iD¬/PIWMs6ymKz. ra9o3u9o
w3ioMs6ym1uZm b2Wvi h9lf∫u wi4ncD8•Ms6ymZm w[o3u. czb˙4f5 douÅo4f5
vb4gc6gx¬1m5,
bµi
ciQ÷i
≈8iZM4gD¬8i3mb
∫4fx
≈8i6ymJxlw5
w[ocExcΩo3mb. w3ih4gD¬Jz h9lf∫u w3iMs6ym1uJz, w[o3l ∫8N xe5g9˜¬9li
xfiDl4 w3iNh{˙/6gx¬Zm xiZlxCu exyJ8Nw9oMs6ymJ6, S?q9l SF‰6ymq8iC6bs9lt5 ckwq5txoMs6ymJ6. ryxi w3ih4XMsC5bo xˆNsJ6 ∫8N s0pE/s5tx6Li isq[l x0pŒ5tx6gu ≈6r4ymZlx3mΩt4 rS4ymq4vlx3mΩt4 x5t1i6nsq4vlx3mΩt4 ƒ5txd/sqPLi xNl ƒ5ys2 x5b3ozA5 Wq8i6nsd9lQ5 sNl x0pŒ1i
xFtbsZhx6Lt4.
wk4
∫8N
w3ih4g6
x0pŒu4
≈6r4ymtbsZhx6g6,
≈4hxl4
s0pEQx6LA. bw8No xiix6gDl4 whmQ/slxÇl6ƒpZi. ≈8ixyst4f8io w3ih4yxE/sJ5 xˆN whmQ/s˙aq7m5 bw8NΩ3o x[Q3ix6g6 whmQ/si6ns˙a1m5 vmQ/s5tx3i6n9˜¬9li. xˆN5bs3aN v2Wxh4gx¬1m5 vmQ/s5txExo9˜l4 s0pEJ8•3N3u1m5
w7ui4 Nox4 is d5t1i6nso6gFist9lA. kN5t8i w3ih4gu4 bsgMs6ym1uZm
≈8ixys6t4f8i w3ih4yxE/sMs6ymJu4 w3i¿lq5©Zlx6 wPLx isi wePLis4 msz
y5gX¬/6Li ≈8ixys6ts2 vmQMs6ym`Qbz. bw8N sb6r÷WZlxz scstZ4f ryxi
≈8ixys6t scst9lA “bfQ5 isz.” isK5 ≈6r5tx6ymqgx6X Nvgw8NExc3m5.
w˜9orx6 N0pJ6, N0pt9lA k/q rWZlx6vb ckw2Xiq5©6,
bwµ4 moZc3Xiq5gw5V
wonW: s4WE/EqPLAø x©tc6ƒpq5g6, ∫8No s4WE/gxC k6vzlxÇlQxcq5g6
22
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
i`ZsmvblxÇlQxcq5g6 whmj5 xbJu4 sNo bf4nsi6 cspmqbC s4WDh[lio
WymJx¬oCF5 ckw˜6gx¬J4nso6St5 s4WDho6t9lA ∫8N ∑agw8NExocw. whmK5
n`QJx¬1µ5, n`Qizk5 s?5t8k5.
h7m4rx3zw N0pJ5 s4fy7u bwµgw8N6 is6yQxc6XiqM5V
wonW:
gnsmq5gz
wkgxatbsJ8•3m5,
w3ih4g6
b=?
w3iymo6t9lA
xw2Xz
bwm8N
bw4fxo
w[lFZc6Li
eWc6Lil
x4gx/sq5g6
s4fyflx
∫8N
uri6ns9li
si4√EQx6vs/Clx4v
bsg4bsc5bMs6g[Å6
scs0/s?9ox9li
ßQcc5b6gFi6
s6hc6Lil,
w3ih4g6
x1mJ4f5
m3Î1iÅ6,
goµ[Å6
w3ih4yx6,
s=?¬8•5
xw2Xz
∫8N
ÙzA5.
xqi6ns9li
i6vE1iq8i4.
cJzl
cJ6©tc6Lis6ƒ6g6 wuExc3i3mΩ6 gnsmq5gz.
(-i4 w3iymiCo6vsZF5 w3ih5yxE/sc5bMsEF5V
wonW: ∑ kN6vtcClx6Lb w3ihoÇzm v2Wxh4nCw5gx¬Zm wk©ctQ9lA scstc5bMs6ym/C,
v2WxhoMsqi3i4
wk©ctQ9lA
nrZ.
kN6vt5t8i
xs9˜6ym9lb
wkQxXlo6Xb
w3iMs6ym1uJz
v2Wxho/7uZmw˜4,
nrmsq5g6
WctQ9liz,
wkgw8N3u4 Wctc6Lz.
bwm w3iŒ3z5 s9l ∫8Nnw8N6 mrbo‰6gil vmo‰6gil
bwmwc5bi6v5V
wonW:
s?zo,
nwo{˙/Ex4n6
∑,
k6vzJ8N5txMsq8Nmø˜4
xJ6Lz.
w3iZm
b=?
bX8isi8k6vw
w[o8•oCm
wo6fycMsCm
c3o4ymoCm¬8•5
wm8N
≈6r5tx6ymDloCm k6vzQxMsClx6Lz ckwos6X9oxÇ3JoCm nrZ wpC6©t9lÅ,
ev3Ôuvw8Ndc5bClx3u1mz. x4hxl4 w3i9li xoxNw5gx¬1m5 h3¬o x1m5tx6gf¬9li
e5bw6gf¬6ƒp9li x3Nf¬5tx?6ƒpo6Li xoxNw5gxl4 w6f3m3N˙6, w6f7m6ƒp8N3m5,
xiA6gx8˚izk5 xoxNw5. w3iC∫6g6 xsˆ6g9˜¬Ai w8NΩld/sc5bMsq5g5.
∫8No xsˆlx6g6 ck3o wvJ6bsc5bMs6XV
wonW:
w3iZJMsq7mbw˜4
xsˆlx6g5
s?8i
ryxi
cspmMs6ymJz
Wzhi4
w3iymo6Lz, WzJQo6bz5 ∫8N xsˆlxDtxlQMs6ymZ4f, xw2XCl xs9M6ym1m5
ˆ6fgy?9oxJx¬6ƒp9lz
hNs=?
xs1u5.
nrm
scst9liz
“ˆqDtq5gx¬Ï5V
N0pJx¬6ƒpJt9o.” s0pE√9M4Lz xq6Lz wm8Nwos6LA x’≈Dl4 hNs=? w[J6√l1u
bb5gx¬1m5
w9oxC
ya4fDJ4X4Lz
xix?9oxZu
s8kxa6t9lA
w˚y3u1i4 si4√5 — wonW ß5g?4
Wlx6gx¬9li
23
bsgA8•c5bo6Lzl.
eg3zDlZl
W/symo6Li
yf`QsuymMs6Lz
swPIEKz
yio‰6Lz, yiMs6Lz w6f7mMs6ymJz wlx6Ù9o6Lz gn6nsJx¬1m5, xs1ucw
xJ6no6gzwV
m8N
sFiZ
c4fg5txao6Li
bµ5tx6.
bwmwMsClx6Lz
WsyMs6ym1uJz Nt3¨vb4tbsqPLΩ. gd0÷qDl1iCm bw8Ngx6 bwm.
s9lu5bs6 tAx3i3u cspJÙ¬c5bC5b Nugw8N6 tAx6∫E/sJ5.
bwmwc5bMs3mΩ5y5bs6V
wonW:
∑5tx6
ur5©lxD8•6Li
w˜4
eg3z`AxǬMsq7mbo
xqJD¬o6g6
tAxE/sJu4
X6rpc5txq5g6
cspc5bMs3uJA5
wø/E/sDJ4g9l
xyq8i5
W∫E/sJmJ6. ur5gDl1u4 tAx6gu4 cspMs6ym`Œ8NMs6gz b=?i kNc3FQ/5t8i.
ryxio w8NE/u1i5 xsMbs9lt4 tAx6tbsc5bMs6ym8i3mb, tAx6tbsc5bMs3mbo
eg3z6∫MsClx6Li
eg3qJ8Nw9oym4X5
htQ/sÔ2
xˆNQ/sÔ9¬8•5
eistN/-
Ms6bz r4f8i5 tAxD8N3mΩ5. x8iE/sJw8ˆ¬6ƒc5bMs6ym1mbo. eg3z6∫E/C ∫8N
xzJ4O6Ù6 kv6∫gx3m5 iqszb WMs6ym1u/z x8iEZlxE9lA.
∫8N WΩDmJu•6. WAmJu•6 iqs5V
wonW: iqsz∫. w˜ X6r4O5txD8Ni6ns9li WJ4ns/Fiz, ckw7m4rx6 x7ml
xqJ6√u1i5 xa5 x3Nw5 w˜4 hDylxÇl6ƒp9lt[¬8•5 x7ml WNÔtbc5txClx6Li
≈8ixF1ulÅ6
∑/Z6bcPI6S6
ckw7mi4fx
xg6bsqM5.
w˚ymJf¬o6t9lQ5
N[o1N6gf¬1mb, w˚Msq8iq8i Wm/9lx`AxClx3mb x7ml eg3zc6g6 sklx6gi
X6r/Ex4nq8i4 xJ3N6gx¬1mb, xbsy3u4 bcN6gx¬1m5. x7ml w6vNw÷4nc˜6gw8ˆlw7mfx
bclxqPLil
NlNq5g6
wk4tg9l
yKi5t8i
Nl9lt
wk7mE4tg9l
Nqx3N6g∆6ƒoC5b.
Nl9lt
w8NE/sJtA9l
w6vNw÷4n6-
cspmi6nsJtA5
gd/Exr5gf¬6ƒoC5b. s0p6h4v8iExcDuN6yJ5 ck6 N0pq5g8N3mΩ3u4 x7ml bw4fx
N0pxflw5 „6bsc5b6g5 x7m Wsq5gx¬NhQ/C. w4fx w3ix3l4vu4 wp6yym?4gF•5
W5bwoix3isJ6 W9lA kNz wlxD8•6XMs6ym8i3m5 ˙cw w˚y6 bw8N xys1m5 ˆ3ui
WDMs6g6. √4gx¬o6XMs6ymJ[Å6 kNø5 kNoC˜flw5 s=?¬8•5 cimC6gx¬o6g5
wlxq5gj5
trbs?4gF•5
wp6yymJc6t9lA.
bwmw5g4nsQK5
„6bst9lA cspq4vlx6g5 ∫4fx gkx9M4vu4 xiMe9li.
ck6 gkx9M˙a7mbV
wonW: Wh4Li dxn4f5.
24
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
N0pxfl4
bw8N
bµ`Z5 gΩ3li x5bN3i6~6V
wonW: ∑.
xWEJm6vsZm5bs6 N0pJw5 u{~k5, N0poCw7m5 swQ/6 N0pt5tJ6
moZc6X8iE?5bs6V
wonW: ∑ ∫8N N0pJ6V
w˜4 N0pt5tJ6 swΩz, moZc6X8iE?5 xa†5V
wonW:
∑D¬/6,
urZ6g6bwoctQo6X4bFiz
koxi.
xs9M6ymcbs9lioÅ6
urZ6gvbA8N6Li b=?i xq3Cu•ctQoDis4 urZ6g0÷q5g6. x7mlÅ6 swzb ryxi
rhbq8i4 iE/Exc6Li, swQqbui5 iEc5bExcqMsv4Li xJ3Nq2Ù5. xahw5guÅ3q4fx swø5 √[AMs6ymJ5. ro`ZJu4 bw/sc5bMs6g6 ∫8N xa5 Wd/dtcso3u1m5
koxz N0pizi, ro`ZKÎ6 w7ui4 W5bwo0JtQqPLi koxi W5bwo0JtQZus4.
mo5txChc5b3i3uJ5 ˙cw7m koxi N[oQZus4.
w˜9orx6 swQ/sJ6 scs0/sc5b6guis?6vw gnsm5b3uZm
y9ltQxcqbw5V
wonW:
w˜4
grcqlx6gj
ivQ0Ôu/Exc6bw5
N0pizi.
i`Zsmtc5bqMsvQxc6bw5
g~q5gD¬1u4X5
ivQq9lA.
N[p1m5
wm8N
g~qlx6gD¬4X9o
wø/E/soc5b3m5. ˆM5tx6t9lA wø/E/s˙aq7mb.
sN ivQq9lA ck6 scsy6 gryq5txC4fV
Xix6: ivQ`Q9lA.
wonW: scC∫q8Nm bwm8N. “w3iMsq8izi ivQ0Ôu/Exc6bw5.” gryNc5bg4nsq8Nm scsycctQqPLz, w0Jx6yJ8N5txq8Nm.
Xix6: “swZ x4hD6tlxq9lA,” ivQi6 bwµ4 grc6g6 x4hD6tlxq9lA.
wonW: bw8N tAx6 st3FQ4v8i3MV w˜ w8NE/sJi5 ryxi tAxd/s/Çzb bw8N
sfxE/sJ6 XiQ/s3¬8•5 tAx6X4Li. ryxio tAx3FsJ6 ∫8N x8iDh4gx¬4X5 ∫{hm
w3iMs6©2;
“Wtbsc5bq8Nm
x8iE/svb4gx¬/ÇzbÅ6
w4fN`Z5
w˚yr2XMsg5.
tAxMs6g4f8i5”
s9luo
∫8N
w˚yz
x0pQ`Qtx7mEo3mA
W0JtQ9lA
m3Dgw8ˆ[o
w1u8k xqctŒA8N∂D8ig, “sN WQJmqN4f W˜o6Ws4V” xq6Lil ∫8N w8Nq5
w˚y3u1i4 si4√5 — wonW ß5g?4
25
cspqPLt4, x7ml ∫8N N0pxfli w4W1ix1mΩ5 whmq5tx6Li. sN5bs6 N0pxfl4
w˚Jfl4 ∫8N w4W1ix1uJ6 csp˜3uJ6 r4f8•7mΩ5. bm4fx tAxF•5 Wi3lZJ1i6n9˜¬1mb
w6vgwpDJ1ki˜4,
tAxEZusÅ3aN
w6v6gw?4v5b
N[oQ÷lx.
x0pQ/stgw8N3lA
tAxEZlxD{ys4
xq[olx6gu4
eg3zj5
W/Exc6g6,
hdbs6ƒq5g6
N[oQi6~lQiC3lAl
tAxF•5
N[oAh6ƒoc5bC{y
N[oQi6nsq9lA.
X6r/s5txExc3mb
scstc5bq9lA,
Wi3l1i6n9˜¬?4g5.
Wi3loc5b6g5,
X6r/s5txq5g6
wic5txDm1mb5bs6
N[oQi6nsi3u4
x7ml
s?5tg5.
w4W1ix8N6g4nsÔZlx6
scsyfl4f5. N[oQi6nsÇlMsClx6LtA5 b=? Wi3lZMc5b3mb. x7ml i`Zsm4v9Mf¬4X5
tAxFiz ∫8N eg3zF5 x0pQqbflQ4XA, i`Z4nCw5gf¬Ai scst/Excq7u/w5
w4fN`ZΩ6
xˆN4f{y8•`Û6gx¬ZF5
bwmw2St5,
s=?¬8•5
yi4vf¬4X5
ck6
s0p3N7mE4X5 w4fN`ZΩ xˆN4f{y8•`Û6gx¬ZF5 x0pQ/sq5gx¬Jt5 wmwos6bwoA4.
wo6fy3ui5bs3aN
xg6g6.
c9lNwziC6bsc5b6Li
xJ3N6gx¬1u1m5
c9lNwzJ8•3Nq7m5, sFi4 xsXlx6X5 xsXlx6gD¬iC6bsc5bPLi.
wo8ixt5yis2 u5~k5 xWEvw8N3ixCm. bm8N wo8ix6tbsc5b3i6
s9lusJ6 ck6 whmQ7mΩ6Ws4V
wonW: bs?io kN5t8i !(^#-u wo8ixoMs6ym1mb WsMs6ym6ƒpJ6 wo8ixo3mb
eg3zK5. xbqMsq5©Zlx9o eg3z4v xzJ4Ø4 ∫4fx m3Dw8ND¬4 kv6OΩ4. xzJ4Ø4
m3Î4 wo8ixo6Lt4. b7m6gx¬8iC5b wo8ixD†5 ∫4fx srs6b6gj5 ≈6r4ymqt9lQ5
xq6ymMs3iC5tA5. wMzA9l b7m6Lb wMzA9l Ws9li. c9lNs/D8N6yJxw8˚9lt
ttCD8N6yJxw8˚9lt[l, c9lˆu4 gryxA8N6yli WsJ6. ryxi srs6b6©2 w˚y4nd∫i4
xg6ymq7mb. eg3zoµK5 u5tmbo1u X3N4bsym1mb ≈g≈j5 xs9M6g4noxa9lt. ∫?i
kN3JxoE?4Lt[l
bf4nsq5gu4
X3N4bsym1mb
bsKz.
kN5b
wo6fyzi4
wo8ix6tbsymqPLt4, ie4n9l xJ3N6yc5b3izi4 ck6©Dtc6ymqPLt4, isF3F4 b=?
g4yC6ymo6gx¬9lt[l.
“®Ns/c6„5V”
g4yCEx4n6
xJq5txo3mbo
g4yCEx4n6.
Wcq4f5b
WD6n6bs6ƒpo3mb
hD¥5,
kN5t8i.
Wcq9lb.
wm8N
bwm8No
x7ml
iE?q4vlx3lta8•5
xWE/Ex4n6
woChq5tyxPI6S5.
g4yC6tsMsq8N5b.
ie4nsq5gu4
ieu4
woChMsC5bo
mfkz
bwmw5gu4
wuZ3k5
iEc5bgxDi
ˆ7mQ1m0J4. wo8ix3F4tÅzPI6S6. x7ml wonwpco6v7uq5gx¬Z5b wk1i4, ∫4fx5bs6
c9lˆtg5
wo8ixt5tcbsgw8N3u1mb
srs6b6g3us5
eg3zflq5
h3lq5
Xw2ÙoEf¬/3i3u4,
ßN6y4vf¬1m∫
bw{hmi
mfx
xatflw5
wo8ix6X6√6t8NQ5
eg3zK5 w3iK5 x•3i6nsoÇzu4 g~qD¬/o6Li swmlxD¬/o6Li k6vzJ8NqPLi
W˙aMs3mb, x•C/Ms6Li nwoi6ns˙aMs3mb. wo8ix3F1u9o b=?i w4y¿6tbsJ5
s9loµ6 x•`Ah1i3uisJ4nsJ5 wlxq0Jt4nco6X4Sy wy6ymw8ˆl4Lt4. s0pE/ClxK5
26
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
ryxi wo6fy4ncsZlxC5b x0pŒq5gi. x3Nflw5bs bwm8N bm4fx wo8ixF1¨5gm5tx6gw5 wk4tg5 wo8ix6tbs/Exc6g5 srs6b6gusbsixDt4.
∫4fx wMt5 wMF5 u5~k5 gryQx4v8iDm5bo6Sz.
∫8N xˆNQMs6bw5 xbA5yx6 x∫bQMs6bw5 ∫8N Xøy
xty8i6rs4V
wonW: ∑, cspmo6bClxC bw0÷q8N4f.
∑, ckw`Q. bw8No rSu x∫bz çesa5b6f6 xˆNz csb6,
gd7m5 xˆN{nEo6bz rNs8i3m5V
wonW: w˜4, x4v4fu8•oMs3m[Å6 x4v4fu8i kv6O6Ùu xmDxo1u xˆNm xzJxi4
koxc3i3m5 bw8N ∫4fNi WD6n6bso6gFi6.
∫8N xˆNF5 xzJxi4 koxco6gFi6 çes8V
wonW:
≈4v,
xzJx
swc6gFi6
xmDxo1u4.
bw8No
x∫bz
c÷3uÅ6
kox4v8ic6gFi6 bw8N vsb6 rS¨u4 w3i6∫6gFis9li gdvs6g3i6Li, c÷6
bw8N ßmw8N3m5 kox‰8N6bFiz. ryxio x∫bZ xˆNcq8Nu xyq8i WD6n6bsJFi6
tAxa6ƒp9licw x4v4f1uigx6 xmDxo4f8i.
∫4fx ∫8N iqsy scsyEMsCFs ∫8N rNs8i3z8V
wonW: xˆNm xˆNz m4Xw8k1u xtc6gFi6 cmi3uÅ6 swc6Li eg3z6∫Ms6ymJFisAlx6 ^-i4. m3Dw8ˆ4 ßmJF•4, xzJ4O6 w˚/6, kv6O6 xbA5tx6.
cimi3j5V
wonW:
∑,
∑aJ4nsK6
ckw8i3j5
ryxi
gdc5b3i3mb
wo6fycc5bMs3i3mb
w˚pJ8Nq5bÇzu4, w˚J8Nq5bÇzb eg3zq5 bwm8N wo6fys÷c5bi3mb.
∫8N ∫4fxo wox3Jw8N s?5txD wox3ÔiC6bs?5
xzJ6√cq5g5V
wonW:
∑
xzJ6√q4
xˆNcq4fi
x∫bcClx6Li
wox3ÔiC6bsc5bMs6g6
wox3J1u
˙cw7mo
bw/wJ6.
Nox4
gdym4X5
bsg`AxCJ4©9lb
w[lcCu
c3mcCuq˜4 x∫bz gd1m5 N5tc5b6g6 d9ozi4 s6hc6t5tJ6 b6√`Z5 ryxi
yM6vtui5
N5t6bsJi4
ryxi
s6nQxco3li
xJ3N6gx¬J4nsMs3i6S
w˚y3u1i4 si4√5 — wonW ß5g?4
∫4fxo
27
wM`Zq5©Zlx5 X6r4OQxcgw8NoE9lt4 wMQDJ4vlxDis4 ho X6r4OQxcgw8NoE9lt4
w[loEp4f8i4
Wtbs0÷q7mb
mo4bsc5bMs3mb
Wc3i6nj5
xs9MExco6Xbl
˙3l
xs9MExcw8Ns/3mb
sW3z4~`A6X9ox4X5
N5toXl1j5
i3Jt5
N5txc3i3j5
xs9M6Lt4 s=?¬8•5 g4gc3i3j5 xs9M6Lt4 mfx b6®5 cspm0JtQ9lQ5 x7ml Nkw5
g=F˙a1mb
b6r6
m8NsoÇz5
˙3l
µ0pu
N5tx6ysExo6Lt4
sN`Z5
xsMJi5
g?3jx˙a1mb bm4fx cspm/s5txCu4 i3J†5 W0JtQ9lQ5 xs9˜6nCwc5b3i3mb ∫4fxo
b=? wox3J`A6g5 ckwoz/Exc6X5 N4n6bslt4 s=?¬8•5 em4bslt4 e7¨8N3k9l
xs˜PIW4Lt4 bwm8N wox3Jq5 wox3Ôlx6ƒp?4g4ns8i6S5 s9lusMsq7m5 bw8N5bs6
iqs6S5 x∫bcD8•Ms6ym8i3m5 x4v4fu8i5bs6 WD6n6bsMs6ymJFi6 bw8N xˆNm
xˆNz. ∑, bw8N x4vcMs6ym8i3u1m5 c9lˆ5 kNz8kxMs6ymJFi6 gnsmJ8ND{y
scoµZ6tA5 wkxCJ4gFiÎ6 bw8N gdbsNhc5b3i3uk5 xrQxc5b6Li gd5tc5bMs6ym8i3m5 w7mç Wzhi4 m3Î1i[¬8•5 xbsysq5gu4 c9lˆ[Å6 kNz8kxD0/sM6ymJ6
xJq8iz W0JtQ9lA w5gDo6Li hoÅ w5gDl4 ßm9li stMs6ymJ6 bs?i kN5t8i
wlFc6g4nsÔAlx6 N•7mΩ5 scD8Nq5gz.
rNs8i3m5V
wonW: we˜3JÅ6.
xz4ƒi3ΩV
wonW:
∑aJ4nsQK6
xz4ƒy6
ryxi
xg6LA
yKjxA8NMs3i3mb
x7ml
≈6r4˙tcq8Nu4 Xøy4f8k9l wkoEp4f8k9l whmQ/gw8N3u1i5 w8N3u1i5 xsMbs9lt4
xsMb3i6g4ns8iq4r9lt4
wMq5
gdCstQx/8i3mb
w4fx
∫8N
w6yQo6bs/Çzu
wMz5 wk3¬bslxE/s/Çzu¬8•5 t9oE/sc5bÇzu4 gdbs?1i3mb Wt4yj5 w7mç
nF1j9l bs?i yKi5t8i.
ckE8N gro4 t9oE/sV
wonW: sX4bsixo6Szcw, w8N WQxMzJxlzw s9lu t9oc5b3uJA5 ≈z÷6gc3m[Å6
cw5bwoxl[o.
∫8N we˜J sW8NCi Xøybco3z5 ryxi W/Fi6 !(@)5 sz∫iV
wonW: XøycClx6t9lA XøybsMs3iq5g6. XøybsqPLi xJq8ixl W0JtQ/s9li
bskz
c9lˆ5
kNz8i4
bf/6g6tbsJFi6
WsQ/s9li
si4vs0/sJ4ns8i3mb
“gd5tc5bMs6gz” wmwos6g4ns8iq7m5 W5tx3i3m5 w˚5tx3iz cspm/s5tx6Li.
28
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
W5txq8i3uk5
gd5tc5b3iq7m5
bw4fiz
Wsq8iDlq8i
„/wgw8NMs3m5
gd5t0Jtcc5b6gFi6.
s¥7ml ck w2X4n6 gnsmMsC5tA gd5tJFi6 c9lˆ˚D0/si3m
whmoC∫3uZm ∫8N Xøy4f8i W/symQxzV
wonW:
Xøybsq5g6
bw8NÅ6
xJq5g3JxǬMs3m5
we˜3J4
cspmJ3JxÇlo-
Ms6ym8i3m5 bs?i wk1i5 cspmi6ÙaoMs6ym1m5 ˙3l cowboy-`Axi bsg˙aZ5b
b3E/6Lb
hoq5©Zlxi4
sX4bs?9oxZu
yi4t9lA¬8•5
nwot9lA¬8•5
csp`Q`Ax6Li b=? bskz eFx/o6S bw8NÅ6 bwmwoMs6ymJ6 w5gx¬o6LiÅ6
bwvi kN5t8i N5tCh[Fs?4gu sW3qt9lt4 xiZu gW3u5 N/zsnDJo6g6 w8ND¬Zu
sW3qJDl4 w˜4 xaNh4tsA8•Cu w5©Zu ∫4fxÅ6 xa†5 scc5bst9lt4 “B≈zw
sNoxlzw sNoFixlzw sNosiC6bs1m5 cspn6nCw5gxl4.” xhw9˜Å6 WctQ/z
∫8N xˆ6Li szyQ÷Å6Li gkxi sX4bz wm8N W/6g`AxCh4Lis4 W`AxE9lis4
˙3l gd5b6g`AxCh4Lis4 h4vw5gf¬9li sX4X9ox9lis4 bwvÅ6 whmq5tx6g6
N/szsn4g6
c[oo6Lis4
wm8N
er3ÇMsqtx6Li
eFx3ÔuKÎ6
∫8N
hoÅ6
ixdcMs6gFi6 t9o6gu4 sW8N6bs0/q5gu4 bwm8N w˚ycChxD5b cspNhxD5b
cspNhx5txD5b csp9M5∫6gcD8N3uJ6.
∫8N u5tmbo7usbF•6 gki3usV
wonW: ∑, gki3usbFi6 bµi w[loDJ1u bm4fiz wq3Cvb4bsJD¬?1i3m8.
bwm xyq8k5 ˚vw8NMz7uZm s9luystsi6nj5 ~Ωo3uZm
gnc5b6ym7uZ4r5 w`Q6gxWst9lQ5 ∫8N yei6 sto3m5
w`Qsyfl4 si4√Evw8ND8N6rs cz4f5 xg6bs˙a7mΩ5V
wonW: ∑, w˜ cz4f5 xg6bs˙a1mΩ6 Wq5©Zlx xs/4f5 e1iNhw8Ns/c5bMs3mb
eMlZ3i
e1ixE5tx3lA
wMz
ieQ9lA
N5†9l
xbsysq2Xb
e1i?9ox9lQ5
s[J4f8i4 e1i?9ox9lt4 szy4©Zlxu kNzb ciQqbClxzi e1•8Ns/6Li √o6LiÅ6, ekFc3Nq7m5 ˙3l szy4gx¬gw8N3Nq7m5 tr6v/gw8Ns?1m5 yMl x0pŒ4Xq7m5
yMDÔc5b6t9lA xaiA8Nq8i6ns˙aPI6S5 xsMstcMsq7mb e1ic5txq5bÇzu4
srsj5
ie4nc5txq5bÇzu4
dMc5bMs6g5
“W3o0÷q4vlx6SA6vw
b=?w”
N5tChw8Ns/Clx6Lt4 yƒ2 x∫•5gi4 yMDÔc5b6Lbl i[Mhxlo6X4Lil ∫6gx¬?4Li
bwm µ8N kNK5 ∫6y?9oxo3u1m5 yei6 ∫6y?9oxo3u1m5 ˚F2WE †y2WE ÷8kxE
bm4fx
∫3ilxǬ1mb
cimJx¬Ms6LiÅ
cimJ8•Cu
bµi
bsizi
w˚y3u1i4 si4√5 — wonW ß5g?4
cimMs6Li
29
cs7m4X9oxixo6g3l NlND8•6Li b6r6 m8Nso3m5 bwizi4 ttC6ymJ6bcq7m5
b6r6
b=?
wonE9lA
NlNw4fbsc5bMs3m5
b6®Mso6g3l
s9lcPI6S6
b=?
wm8Ncw
bs?
x[Zuk5
ˆnwo6S6
csmJf¬PI6S
s9lEx9lÅ6
s9lEx[l
xf5gÔ4
m3Îo6vJf¬4 wmwozÔ4 b3Eo6Lt4 s9l6 kaqo6t9lA n6r2Xo6Lt4 bwmÅ s9l6
xq[o?9oxo6S6 xhw9˜4 s9l6gy?9oxix6gx8˚o6g6 cimJ8•6LilÅ6 xf5gÔ[l
x`A0/o6Lt4 s9l3j5 ho s9lc6t9lA n6rc5bo6Lt4 wm8Nwo6Lt4.
xh s9lExq5 bµ`Z5 xf5gÔ4V
wonW: ∑, s9lEx6bcs3mb xf5gÔ1i4 ciŒ4gf¬qPLt4 wmwoz6ƒpÔ4 kN5t8i
x?i s9lo3Fs2 N˜i ∫4fx4 csp9lQ4 cs7m6X9oxixoEK6 bwm w`Qo3i6S6
bw{huz WyoxE/Fiz x∫bm x∫bFiE6ƒ6bzw8N Wyos6gFi6.
çrsu8N WyxV
wonW:
w˜
w˚ixoCu
scsyz
xi6~v8i6
x0pQlxD8•6ymÔZlx6
wmwosX¬/6g
xi6nwoJ6bz
euz
xg5tx3ix6bC
sc6gFisAlx6.
ryxi
scsyq5
xy0p6bsMs6ym1mb wMq5 xoxNw5gc6S w˚ixo6gz.
s9l6 ho bs? xw/w/w// xw/w/w// xfgÔ4 x`AtK4 s9l6 ho bs?
w//// w/÷// w//÷ dFxho6Sz w˚ixoCm w/÷/÷ w/÷// w/÷/÷
∫8N b=? WyoxE/Fix w˚4v8i3ixo3uJ6 sfx ∫lxÇl4t9lA yM i[MhlxÇl4t9lA
x[l5 Ni/3iq5gx¬J4ns1mb x7ml g4gysDi g4gw8 bf/3iq8i6n9˜¬1mb ∫6t9lA
∫4√¬1m5 kNK5 ßm`Z5 Gwcl1i5H w4®ai6ns1m5 bwmw8Nw4vlx6t9lA w˚J8N3iC5b
wonwpso6X~6Lb d/8N¨4.
∑, b2Ù•Ms6ym7uZm srs4f5. sˆq8N3j5 i2XD8N6XMs3i3mb
ck6 grc3m8V
wonW: bs?i kN5t8i xStox¬oc5b6Lil xkÇc5b3uZul xStox¬oc5b3m5 m8N yf
ty9M5∫iz bosmJ3JxǬ1m5 bwmwt9lA e7u3j9l Nw/s9li ∫8N x[l. e7ui5
Nw/s1m5 sˆ3j5 wmwos6bs9li Ni/sJ8N˙a1m5 x7ml N[A5 x[lc3is˙a1m5 bµ`Z5
Ni/s9lt4
NiZus4
x[l
ni5txWgw8NExco5tx6Lis4
≈6r5tx6Lis4
vWgw8NExco5tx6Lis4 µi nixi Nq6g6 i4X3m5 wv3Coµ6 sz∫k5 i4XD8N6g6
N5t6
cwMsq8izi
bwm8N
i[Mh4gx¬Zlx3m5
Nq6Li
wyZq5
ev5tx3lt4
svoCFi6 svos9l xuzi4 g9oÇcc5b6Lt4 wyZw/‰4ftQ9lA er3Ç0/w4ftQ9lA N5t6
30
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
cwymqPIClx6t9lA
eu6ft4niZh4LQ5
er3Ç6bwom5tx3m5
wq3C0JtQJ8N3mQ5
x4hDCu
wMi
e7ucD8•Di
ie4niAmZuQ5
WhoCh[li
e7uil
xqlx3isn1u1m5
h4vw8i6ns1u1m5 e7ui5bs N[oQc5bMs3u1mQ5 sN cspmJ4nsK6 e7ui N[oQ1u1mQ5
wk4tg5 WJ8NstgxEZuQ5 ci7m4Xbo ckw2Xbl N[oQq8i6nClxq5 √d`Qj5 hNu4
X6ri6~lQlQ5
Wdtq8i
sfN`Z5
XMsÛDJ1i
wk1i5
iEd/7mExlQ1mQ5
xe5g÷i4
Wcc5bo6t9lb
ßQQix6bw8Nfl5t8i4
W9lb
iEix3mb
XMsÛ6g3ix3uZ5b
s?A9o
ßJ6gC5b
bwml
mfizo
wm8N
is6v3i4
W?Ms3uJA5
kaPLi
c9lˆ5
N5t6gc3m5
wm8Ns˙aMs6g5
x4hDE/sq8i6ns6ƒpMs6gA5
e¨5
sw5t8k5
iEMsPID5bs8•5 kavstQixClx6t9lA W3o0÷qN5b x7m d9ocgxD5b. bf4nsq5g6
bw8N
xi3iz
g~y8NDis4
vWix6bz
s=?¬8•5
nFZs/fl1u4
bw4fiz
b6vj`Z6y9li wmzk5 N5t6 bskzCu x/1mA x/vbo3mA bm8N kwnJ9Mf¬o3m5
b=?•5g6 x[¬2 wlx•o6g6 cspmZus4 vW/s9li bm4fxo N[A†5 w˜4 w˚Ms6gzo
xJ3Nq8i6nso6t9lA
s?A5
w˚Ms6gA5
drstc9lxoMs3mbo
mfx
N[A†5
drs7∆6bsc5bMs3mb xi3iz gn6ns1m5 drDl4LA µi N[Atsq5gu g?sq5gu N5t6
wm8Nwo3m5
cspmsbs5tx3u1mb
sN
si4√D8N6g6bs6
x[lj5
xÍtAF5
x[lj[Å6
~`Zw8Ns/5tx6g6 msoCh4X4gk5 cspm/sJ6 bs? grxi bs? x[lbc3m5 x[lz
≈6r4t5tx6ymc5b6g6. i3Jts2 xsMiE/q5 g4gw9l xsMiE/q5 bm4fiz xati5
cspm/s5tx6g5
x4hxl4
Í6vgw8NExcq5©Zlx5
xat5
s?5t8i5
WJ8N3iox¬1u1m5
cspmi6n9˜¬1mb
i[Mh4gxl1ul
mfx
xk9M4¥F1j5
w[loyJ8N6Lt4
yr©u9l
xJo6bt8i4 w4®Ç¬Zlx6t9lA ≈6r4hwJ8N6Lt4 WC/Dl4vlxÇz5 Í6bw8ˆlQQxc`QbClxK5 ˙3l bwm8N mfx5bs6 x©to3JxÇlw5.
bwm gryQxDmo3uJz !(#^-at9lA s2W3i3j5 ~8iC5y
¿6tbs˙aMsq7mb xyxi4 xtc3iClx6„5 ¿6tbsMs6t8Nt5V
wonW:
∑,
∫4fxo
xˆN4ƒ4v
¿6tbsMs6ymJ5
!(#^-yst9lA
hD¥5
¿6tbs˙aMsq7mb ¿6tbsMsq5gA5 cb`AtŒ4tA5 ryxio woxXi4 x3ÇAco6Lz
!($@-at9lA
eo6tu[o
¿6tbsobw8NMs6ymJz
wonW`AMs6ymJz
bw/s˙aMs6ymZlx6gz
w3ixai8i5
woxXi
x3ÇAc6Lz
eo6ts6ƒMsClx6gz
xtE5tx7mEo3u/C eo6tbcs3m5 xy8i4 bw4fx xtEJm`QN4r5 s?8i[o bw˙aJzo
rNsÏ6bs/Çzm dwN1N6. dwN1NsiC[AJz bwm eo6t dwN1Ns9lil xtc3i3m5.
rNs8i3m5, wMQ/u•8V
wonW: ∑, xˆN4fm wMQ/Fiz5 s4W3i3u4 scCh4vÏ5 xtc6ƒMs6ymq5gi4fx ˙3l
fCw{©yu4 wm8N xtc˙ao3m5 xtc6ƒMsq5g5 ¿6tbs6√q8i3ui ¿6tbs4Xb ryxi
w˚y3u1i4 si4√5 — wonW ß5g?4
31
fCw{©yusb3u4
bw/s˙a6ƒMs6g5
Xw2Ùdtco6v7uMs3iq5g5
xˆNZ
hDyst9lA
W5bwo/Exc6tbsJ8•6gFis9lt[l
w[lo©c5bD8•6Lt4
mfiz
bwmw5gu4
wo6fyc3i3mΩb
Åtc6gu4
x÷÷c5bD8•6Lt[l
bmw8i4
cspmqb4v
scs0/sMs6ym8i3mb
w7mç
n4fwd/sMs3i3mb
x7ml
w3iC∫6g5
hDyst9lQ5
xˆN4ƒ4v
¿6tbsMsCt4 ho.
¿6tbsMs6ymt8NQ5V
wonW:
Xw2Ùdtc6tbso6gF•5
wMw8Nq8isAlx6
Wy3i[l
mfiz
w`Qsti4
wMw8Nq8isAlx6 ˆ5ta/so6t9lA g4yxctŒc5bExco6gF•5 xJE6hwpbcq4vlx6t9lA
∫8N
wk4
cspmi6ÙE/sJ6
fCw{©yusbs/Exc3mΩ5b
s4WDhgw8N6Lb
sq5gA5
ixd5tA5
s9lu~6
fCw{©yusb3u4
s4WE/K5
x[˜5
w7mç
s?z
w˜4
ß7mt5tA5
cz5tx~6
˙3l
urZ6g6bwo9M5∫c5b6gF•5
gryymMsq5gA5
w8NsoMs6gA5
cspm/5t8•˜4
W5bwo/ui4
v2Wxh4g5
s4W6©9lb
s4W3iclx`QMsC5b
xsMiE/s5txExc3izi4
bw/s/Excobw8N6ƒpJA5
mo9M5∫3lQ5
bys6ts9li
xsMi5tx?cM-
bwm8Nw5gc6g6
x7m
hNs=?
gry?9oxobw8N6gA5
mo9M5∫6X1i3mb
wm8NwosDt4
ck6
∫4fx
urZ6gExcqPLt4
s9lu
s4W6©o6Lb
Wd/sq5gi4 W/Excq9M5∫3i3u4 cspm9M5∫obw8N6gA5 Wd/cD8•lx3ifj5 bm3u4
Wd/w5 NMs`Qlxo3iC5tA b=? Wd/c3FgxEc5bMsC5tA5 N5†a/u xaNhQxcqPLt4
xˆNK9l u6hExcqPLt4 nND¬/ExcqPLt4 N5†a/u ∫8N9lxb6. Wd/Ec5bMsC5tA5
w˚ct5ti[o
w6v6gw5bwomMsq5gA5
Ws`Qn6bwomqPLbl
b7m6gi[l
w6v6gw5bwomc5bMsq5gFisJA5 hNs=? Wd/c`Qlxj5 ms`ZC5b gry?9ox6ƒ6gA5
s9lu Wd/sq5gu4bs6 xgq9M5∫Exc3it8i4. gryN6XV
sN urZ6 scsyEC∫CFs4 s4WoCu urZ6gExcD8•6gui6V
wonW:
sc6vsZm
W5bwo?4t9lQ5
w3iC∫6g5
urZ6gd/sc5b3iq7mb
Wq9M5∫6Li0J4bs6 ∫8No Wd/t4 ˙3l Åts2 Wd/q8i4 xg9M5∫Qxc6gFisJA5bs6
v2Wxh4f5b5bs6 w7mç nNpQ/5b Wdym9M5∫6bq8i4 xg9M5∫Exc3uJA5. hNs=? s9lu
bwmw4f5b fCw{©yusb3i4 bw/sJ8N6y9M5∫D8N6yd9lb5bs6 bm8N ß4©tQJ8NC5tA5
yKo6S5 wm8N W0JycMs6g5 n4f4f4tA5 Wd/cExc3uJA5 ho WsJiQx6 ˙3l w˚ctK5
≈8i6yD8•3lQ5 N[o4tŒd/sZ5b mfiz xg9M5∫ChQxc3uJA5 ∫4fx s4W3i3j5 xy0p6X9oxi6 sc√9MA8Nq8N4f xfixl4 xy0p6X9ox1m5 w4yC3Jx3us9l b7m6gi4 bw˙EMsC5tA5
w[lo1us5
bs?4fx
w4yC3Jxi4
mo1i6~¬Ms3mb
b7m6gxl1i4
cspmc5bMs6ym/K5 ∫4fx sNocw n8izJoslxq5g6 n8izJos6gi[l bw9ltA5
Åts2
32
scsyq8i4
gryqlxj5
w7mç
x7ml
xJE6hwp5t8i5
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
bwm8N
xJE6h6bs6ƒpc5bMsC5b w4fkzc5bq9ly w4yC3Jxusk5 bm6tbsPI3ixC{y wm8Nwos6bsc5bMsC5bw˜4 x7m ∫4fx w4yC3Jxus5 xJE6hwp4f8˚d/sJ4nsqPLt4 bm8N5bs6
w˚y5t8i xy0pDbsMs3m5 wkw9o wvJCstJgç¬t9lQ5 yKizi r˙iz bwqPLA
w[lo1usbsAlx6X5 xJ6n6X5 vmQ/s5txExo4 gki3usbsAlx6X5 w[lo1usb3i5
e7u6∫6tbs/Exo4 xJ6n6X5 wvJ6bs/Exo4 wmwos5txMs6t9lQ5 w˚ctŒ1i6
s4W3is2
hCMs3u1mtA5
w˜4
hCMs9M5∫3u1mtA5
s4W3is2
xrC6g6tŒ4gi4
moZcoMsC5b b7mq9M5∫ChQc5bMs6gzo w4yC3Jx3us5 b7m3iC6LQ5 hÍ6gD8N6gx¬9lt4 xJE6hwpD¬Zlx5 hÍ6©txlcc5b6Lt4 iszJxl1i4 mmqxl4Lt[l b=¿rq5
bw4ƒZlx3m5
y[Û3h8i5gx¬9lt4
y[Û3u
cspmÏ5V
xJE6hwpK9o
bw4fx
y[Zox6gc5bqx8k4Lt4 w[lz9l mm6Li πhyusbs9M5∫6ƒpc5bMs3mb x4h9˜lq˜
ixd5tA5
b7m6ymMsC5b
v`AQqN4f
bm8N
xrC6g3iEMs6bK5
s?A©MsqN5b
w4yC3Jx3us5bs6 Wqi6ns6ƒpMs6g9osfx w4yC3Jx3us5 xrC6gq8i6ns6ƒpMs6g5
xJE6hwpusb6tA5 xrC6g3i6~¬6ƒpMsC5b W`AxctQ/ExcqPLtAl n8izJos6gx¬1mb
ubstQ/s˙a9lt[¬8•5
“n8izJoyø8N
cz
W/‰˜6byV”
n8izJos6g5
cjys6gg5 wm8Ns6ƒpJ6 gryym`Qlxj5 s4W3i5b xy0pX9oxiz s9luj5 tr4g.
∫8N ck6 grc3z5 w4yC6Jx6V
wonW: bs?4fxÅ6 r?9o3us5 Ns÷3us5 sz∫k5 bsKz scoµ6gi[Å6 Xw2Ùdti4
w4yC3iCwMs3i3mb ∫8N scoµ4√¬1m5 xJE6hwpxl4 bwmw5g6 Xw2Ùi4 tAux˙Ǭ1m5
w4yC3Jx6bsJFi6.
bw5hmi xˆN4ft5 ¿6tbsizb xu˙8i6v5 kN6vtŒoµ5
¿6tbs8i6v5 w8Nw5 ∫4f©8i6v5V
wonW:
∑,
xuhF•5
xw2X‰[Abs9lt4
kN6vtŒq5©Zlx5
b=Kz
vt6hc5b3mb
vt6h6ymiq8i ¿6t5gmMs6ym/Fiq5 ur8i6ns2 bw8N dr6Li gdJFisMs6ymJ6
gnsm/¥V
xJE6hwp
drMs6g6
W÷6f∆q5g6
N5tCh4Li
drs5
vbw9lis4
drMs6ym1m5 !($&-st9lA bs?i gkiDy3u ¿6tMs6ym/q5 f7jisiD8N6y9lt[l
¿6tbsgxCu4. Xt7u/symq4vlx6Lt4 xJE6hwp3Jxj5.
∫4fx rh W0JtQ9lA vtc5b3i3mb u5tmbo7j5V
wonW: cspmc5bMs6bCo vt0JtQc5b6bK5 N9ox5 bs?i kNc[AZ5b sztΩzi
gWcoÇz5b bmsz u5tmbos2 u4~k5 xs9M6X9oxc5bMs6gA5 N5txFiCh4X9ox9lt4
N5txF•5
xrc˙a1mb
∫4fx
u5tmbo1jxDtQPI6XK5
w˚y3u1i4 si4√5 — wonW ß5g?4
x7ml
ua4©tq5
33
wl9o6h6bs/Exc3mb N5tDlgw8N3k5 ß5gk5 ß5goZ6bu8k5 isF6t4f9l ua4©tz5
wl9o6h6bsc5bMs3m5.
rh ua5©tV
wonW: ie4fFxl4 wANcst e7udtcc5bMs3mb Xøy4f5 isF6t4f5 w4yC3Jx4f5 bm3u
xJE6hwp4f5 wk1i9l e7ucE9lt4 eu6ft4ns?9ox9lt b=Kz vt6hc5bMs6gA5
s9li4
sk6glxÇl1isq5g6
WNhxDyoµgw8N3¬8•5
u5tmbo1¨`A‰c5bMs3mbo
e7uK9o wW6ym?qPLt4.
u5tmbo7∆3N~6X8i6ry wo{y kN`Z8•5gy srs9MEMs6t8NA w˜4
yf9MEMs6t8NAV
wonW: ∑5tx6 b=? Ôiu bµ•PIC5b bm8N t1uxox¬1m5 er6b6 bw8N xrΩ5t•5g6
vaox¬1m5
rhoµi4
t1uxox¬1m5
∫4fxl
ieQ9lhtA5
st6X9oxc5bMs6gA5
JMwat9lA szyq5g6 kNcys/6X4Lb xs9M4v8ix3J4X4Lb bsKz c[oo6X9ox9lb
Xszl cq6Lj5 wc9oxc5b6Lt4 g4gys6Lt[¬8•5 bwfz kN4nt8kx6X9ox9lb
y[/z hClxq8izi xq3ChzC5b b=?o xq3CC5b xs/oµ6 c9lˆo1jx0÷q5gA5
scMsCm w2X4ncw gn6©5 b6rzi c9lN0pxD8N6ybw8Nc5bMs6gA5 ka2X9¬8•5
s=?¬8•5 yf~oiz s=?¬8•5 yfN~3iz mo4LA s?A9o xˆNK9l eg3zsJtA5 ryxi
Ôiu c9lˆo1jxbw8N6Lb c9lˆo1k5 tr5bÇz5b vmN6gx¬c5bMs6g6 x4b3Fq9l
c5∫3Jx¬9lt4 mfx d7jÔiC6bsJ5 wSw5©iC6bK5 bm4fx xuxç8k4Lt[l ryxi c9lˆ5
yi4t9lQ5
tAyNhc5bMs3uJA5
yfu
xibsc5b6g5
y[/j5
d1ic3F1k5
whmQ/-
sixChQ9lb “s≈-ni8iq8N x=K6gxl4” wmwo/sixChQ9lb c9lˆ4f5 yi6ƒpoÇzb
bm4fiz xux3i WsCc5bMs6gA5 xˆN4f5tk9l w6fmt9lQ5 x4b3F4ysd/sc5bqPLb
iENh[lbsq5g6
Wdt`Ax6∫6gChj5
iE/4n6bcc5bMsq5g3o
e7ui[o
iE/4nsiq5 bj6bs/‰3mb x7ml mfiz d3Fxl1i xNDJxl1i Wbcc5bMsq7m5
xNEx6g3Fcc5bMs3u1mbo
w[lfl1u
xN3i[¬8•5
bm4fx
iE˙a1mb
w7mç
mi6vjx6bsc5b3mb
WbcD8NMsq7mb
wkw9¬8•5
w˜4
xNFiq5.
WbcD8N6ƒpc5bMsq7mb iE/s?9ox9lt4 e7ui5.
gn3i6g5 x5h5 whobw8N6fz
wonW: scCh6vsZlx6gt9o s4W3i6 xy0pX9ox1m5 whmNq5gΩ6 b=¿¬1mb
34
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
e7¨5
w˜ ckw`Q. bm4fxoµ5 gnExc3uZ5tA5 csp`Qlxj5 s9lu
bf/5t8i4 ryxi whmA8Nj5. ∑, bm4fx gn6boµK5 x©tø5.
wonW: ∑.
s2Wo3is2 u5~k5 si4√5nc4vi6r5, xW6ft5nE6vs/4v bwmsZlx5
∫8Ncw whm5n6ysvw8Ni8i ck6 W`Axc5bi3mΩ5y s=?¬8•5
yeis2 sto3iz ck6 dFxQ/sc5b3i3mΩ5V
wonW: w˜ dFxQ/sc5Ms6g6 yfJx8˚˜o3m5 b=N w4®a˜3iz yCN6ƒc5bMs6©Zlx6 xatk5 m8N u5tmbo6Xy4 gki6 g4gcq5gx¬Ms6ym1m5 hDysMs6ymZm
g4gcq5gx¬t9lA g4gcq5tx7mE[lisq4vlx6t9lA g4gr5gx¬t9lA x8kÇ4ncD8•Ms6ym9lb s6ƒJi4 Wbcw8NClx6Li x8kÇ©1mbw˜4 ey1i4 xg3i6nsc5boMs6ym1mb
srs6X9oxoÇz5 yCN3i6bc6X4g4ns8i6S6 i[Mh1ixl1j5 b=?il xs/shz3izi
yei6
stExoÇz5
rAbq3ˆ8kw9l
bwm
W/4nE˙EMsC5tA
x7ml
eJ4bvb4Lt4
≈9ox4ni4 ≈[Œy¨˜4 X3N4gx¬6ƒpoc5bMs3u1mb srsj5 x7ml d9os2 wf7mst4nq8i4
x=Kvb4Lt4
xs/D3m5
Nj`ZD¬/6Lt4
k6vz=FcD8NlxMsq7mb
∫8N
X3N1ixl4
NlND8•6ƒc5bMs6g6 srs4nj5 eJ4∫i[l x=Kc5bPI6S5 x7ml wF1i wÏ5 bm4fx
x9oxE/si6nsc5b3mb
ro3Nsq5gw5
wF4hvsiC6bK5
Xi9ME4gf¬9lt4
csy3Nq8i6ns1mb x7m eJ4∫i4 bfuN3i6ns9lt4 bw4fxo ro3ˆlw5 WsJx¬Zlx5bs6
w{yc3i6~¬9lt4
x9oxac5bqPLt4
yfJx8˚oÇz5
tEZixChQx3i3j9l
e7uDl1k5
X3N4r9lt4
x9oxE/s˙aZlxE9lt4
x7ml
yf~ot9lA
n3ox6gk5
N5t6nCw8i6n-
s˙aQ9lt4 Nrgw8N6 xStcqt9lA ho srs6X9oxJD¬Zlx6Li xoxNw8icsc5bMs3uJ6 xe[Qflw9l W/si6nso˙a9lt4 kNo1kl trÇ˙a9lt bw4fx xe[Qflw5
t1uxactq8i5 mmEi6ÙE1uZ5tA5 urZst9lQi˜4 ßymqt9lQ5 iE˙EZ5tA5 bm3uXl4
ka˙K5 bm4fx xyq5 t1ux5 ßÔ9lt4 ryxi iE˙E/K5 W5bwoltÅq5©Zlx6 bwm8N
wo6fycs/6gA5
dwiJx¬oc5b3mb
xe[Qflw5
rhoµ5
bm4fx
srx4~4f5
dwiJf¬c5bE9lt4
srx4~4f5
k∫a6ƒp˙a1mb
x7m
N5†5
dwiÔbsi6ns9lt4
c0÷3Nic3uJ6 srx4~aZlx6Li.
bwm kNo8i vtc5bMs3mb µi u5tmbo7u
W`AxD¬/c5bMs6ymFyV
wonW: ∑5tx6, vthzCu4 w8NK9o W`AxcbsJ5 s0pElxqb4v hDy3Mw5 m4f4gw5
x6n6gx¬c5bMs3mb woŒ4h6Lt4 tnmwo6vz˙a9lt wMq5 wkQxÛz5 m3Dwo6vzgw8N˙a9lt4
tAyc5b3i6nw5
tAyc5b6√3i6nsˆhx6Lt4
xeC`Axu1i4
w˚y3u1i4 si4√5 — wonW ß5g?4
xa†9l
35
m4f4gw5 ÙJx¬c5b6Lt4 x6n6 tAJmlxj5 i`ZsmJcD8N6ƒpqPLi x4hD5tx6Lts6ƒpJ5 xat5 sNbctŒ4XMs6g5 x8kÇq5 xoc5bhzo6Lt4 WNh1i6nsNh4Lts6ƒ6g5
x3Ni5 ryxi x6n6 tA/s/Çz5 ∫4fx4 sNb6gx¬6vsÔ4 ÙJx¬6vsÔ4 k6v3ix6Lt4.
sNb6
gryFys4V
hDyDlw9l
hD¥8Ns9lbl
x6n6X4Lt4
≈5bs/6X4Lb
≈5bs/c5bMsC5b.
ck6bs6 ≈5bs/6V
wonW: bwm8N hosAlx6 x6nj5. xf6X4LA woQ/5t8k5 wQ2X4LA ≈5bs/6.
mfxo W`AxD∫6bsc5b6g5 µ8N wµ ˙3l Arctic Winter
Games-aiC6bsJ5 N5t`Axfl4 ∫8N ey4 Xsz
iFz9li wy7u5bsZhx6gi bm4fx w6vsmFQ5V
wonW: bwmwos6X4˙aMsq5g3o kN5t8i wy7u4yQxu sNo uyc5b3i6 s9MMs6Li
uyc5b3i6
xg6bs[Ac5bMs3uJ6
kv2Wxiq˜4
ckwgw8N6
W`AxDycc5bMs3u7m5
W4vsi6nsNhx6Lt4 xyu1i5 wµ4 Wi4f9l eJdtchzÇz5 bø8N3uk5 W`AxDtcD¬/6Lt4
~M4n3mΩ5
whmqPLt4
WJ8NÇz5
xabsctz
bwm8N9lx6bs6
WJ8NChxc5b6Lt4 W`AxDysc5bMs3uJ6.
czsizk5 x3ÇA ∫8N W`Ax6by czgw8ˆV
wonW: ∑, czgw8N6 w4®aqt9lÅ yM w4®Ç¬qt9lA sW3z4~4f5 xg6bsZJlx3i6ns9li vtDJΩCu[l w6vhxlxDlA8•Çzu4 √ZJq0ÔuoÇzu4 bwmwos3in6soc5bMs6g5
m4f4g5
hDy6tA5
hNs=?
ryx-hDy6tA5
w8Ns`Ax6Lb
exJf¬`Axo6Li
W`Axq8Ns/Clx6t9lQ5
eg3z`AxPIˆ6Lb
√`Ax6X4Li
xm6X4LA
W`AxDycc5bMs3uZ5bo
eg3zK9l
„6X4LA
dwJf¬`Ax6Li
w8NzctQ`Ax6X4LA
w8Ns`Ax6X4gFisJA5 W`AxDycMs6gA5 xˆN4f5 bwm8N Wsyc3mb w0Jx6LA w7mç
scsyq8i4 xglxq4vlx6Lb ∫8Nl yM6vt`AxE/K5 w[lu wm8N xbsy3usZlx6
w9lc`Ax6Lb xgi5 cbw5g4v8ix¬9lb scChc5b6Lb “S˜Ex6gx8˚Ï5” ˙3l wm8N
∫8Nl xat`Ax6 ctgNh9Mf¬/6Li w˜4 xatfl4 ctgNh9Mf¬/6Li “tr4vm”
wm8Ns˙/6g6
hDysZlxCu
w0Jx6yNhc5bMs6ymJA5
w8N6tg5
iWzi4
i9o3m5.
WsQ/5t8is6ƒ6g6
bw8Ns`Ax6Lb
bm0/
w4huz
wk1u
W`AxDyEMs6bK5
x4h7mExl[l sc9M`Ax˙aMsC5b W9M5∫6Lt4 scsyc`AxCh4Lb vuosCu “vuosCÏ5V”
ck6 xW6hc5bst9lb µ8N W`Ax6gi4 g~˙aq5gz hDy3i4 ryxi w3ab8i4
W`AxEs6t5t˙aJz
s?5t8i
kN4ƒDt`Axq5
rh`Axq5
36
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
n4fPLQ5
rhu4
sux`Axfl1u¬8•5
N5tChQxMsE5
xJE6h7µ6LA
scsy3i9¬8•5
wos6vwFQlA
W`AxD8N6yZu wN5tvbo6Li W`AxD8n6y?9ox˙5 s9lu hDyoµ5tx5 W`AxD8Nq7mb
w8Ns`AxD8NqPLt[l kN4ƒDt`Ax6 b=? W`AxDygx9MEz kN4ƒD†5 w˚q5gDl4
bm8N
Boooom
wm8N
czb˙a`Ax6Lt[l
scsy4ncqLt4
“tr4vm”
mfiz
scsy4ncqLt4 s0p3Nc5b6g6 W`AxD8Nq5g5 eg3zt5 bwm W`AxD8Nc5bq5g5
eg3zs/oCu9l tAuxgw8Nw8N6LA Whvb4Li wm8No hDyfl4g5 xc`Axc5b6LA¬8•5
W`Ax˙aMsC5b
fi4nvb4∫lQ9lA
xµ`Ax6X4LA
WM5∫`Ax6LA
W`Ax˙aMs6gA5
ß4gD8N3uJ6 eg3zy8i4 W`AxD8N6yt8Nh[lQ5 w4fx w˚/Alw5 W`AxEc5bMs3uZ5tA5
W`Ax6
S˜Ex`Ax6
iM4bEx`Ax6
xsM6ym`Ax6X4Li
W`AxDyQMs6bK5
cCns/oEc5bMsqN5b †Ïc5bqPLbl w˜4 ∫4fx4n©1mb.
bwm ∫4fx4 w˜4 bsg`AxD8Ni6nsixC5b ck6 s9l6 wq3Ci3mΩ5
hDyst9lt s9l6 xbsy6 s9˜u5 WQx6gA si4√vw8ND8N6®5V
wonW:
w6f7mC5b
b=?
bµisJ4nsJ6
cs7mo~6t9lA
w6f7m˙aZJMs6g5
yihz6t9lb x∫bK5 xs9M˙5 hDyslx6t9lzw˜4 s=?l WJ8N6yZm w6f7mctQlA
x˚EixCm
w6f7mC5b
X3N1mb
xs9M3mb
bwm
c5bt4
WQxoE?w5
i9o6h6LQ5
w7usvb4Lt4 wu4nosvb4Lt4 ni6Lt[l nlmqg9l nl7mn6LQ5 xat5 xs9M6ymiq8i
gx/jx3m5 iE8N6yicqPLb wq3Cgw8N6Li ∫8N √oD5bcw xˆNK5 ieoEo6X5
iEcbsix6gA5 ryxi5bs6 s8k4 ∫8N iE8N6y6ƒpi6Ùac5bMs6g6 s0pE/4f9o
s?z bw8N xsM6ymJ6 xa5 tr8ix3m5 ieosD0/symli ßJosD0/symli √4g6
ßN6gu4 iEix3m5 ∫4fx ßN6XŒ6Lt4 iEJmZlxC5b¬8•5 ßJ6gDmZlxC5b sx{y
N•7mΩ5 whmQqPLA tr2X[Å6 x∫bK5 iEix6gA5 xhw9˜4 tr7m5 iEx3J4X4vlx6Lb
s?5t8i
ryxi
iE9M5∫Cb
xbs5t4f5
ßJ6gÇz5b
xbs5t4f5
iEZJc5bMs6gA5
s=?¬8•5 wcl4bc6X5 dx3u4 iEyQxD5b xbs5t4f5 iEZÔ/6bs?Ms6g5 g4gu[¬8•5
iebc6X5 ie ∫8N n6rbs1m5 xbs5t4f5 iE˙a9lt4 xyq8i4 mfiz iEJcClx6Li
iEqg9l mfxa˙aZlx6Lt4 s8k7mE4 b=? ∫8Nw˜4 x∫b tr7m5 ∫6y9lil xmÎ/vbMs6Lb ckwosD¬/vbMs6Lb S˜6Lb¬8•5 W`AxD¬/vbMs6Lb yi1N6y1m5 xbs5t4fxl4 w8N6tE9lb yi4Lb x0pŒ9M5∫fl1usq5©Zlx6 bwm8N WZJ1i6nsMs6gA5.
bwm whm5n6ysv8iC∫Cm s2W3is2 u5~k5 stDm ckw8œV
wMq5 s2Wi3j5 vJy5nstQJ5nsiq7m∫ ∫4fxo ck6
W/sc5bMs6X5V
wonW: w˜ xJE6hwp gn6X9oxiK5 mo4LA ≈6r4X9oxJ4nsMs3uJw5 xzJ6√K5
ˆ5†a/c5txq5g6bcsClx6X9¬8•5
w˚ctui5
scs0/sQxc5bMs6ym7uJ5
w˚y3u1i4 si4√5 — wonW ß5g?4
bwm8N
37
Wd/sqN5b scs0pi6nsc5bMs6g5 w˚ctui4 x7ml mfx koxEqbui4 swQqbui4
x4g6yd/sq5tx6Lt4 WMsClx3u1mb Wlx6gu s4W6©o6t9lQ5 ¿6tbsymo6t9lQ5
bwmwosExcqi3u4 i`Z4nw/Excqi3u4 w7ui4 wi6tEstJ8NMs3uJ5 scoµ6Lt[¬8•5 bwm8N wi6t6OEymJi4 w0JJ•5gi4 g~`Qo‰4vlxE9lt4 wpC6go6X9oxΩClx6Lt[lrx6
Wsi6ns6ƒpÔ÷c5bo6gi[o
v`AQ/s6ƒMs6ymZm
cspMs6gz
sc6nCw5gx¬iC6bs9lzl
w˜4
y[Zox6g6g9l
bwm8N
wpC6g6g5
scsyE˙E9lQ5 WoED¬/6gi5 v`AQ/s6ƒc5bMs6ymZm sc6nCwj5 sc6nCw8Nm.
çes6 m3Î8i4 koxc3i3µ5V
wonW: x∫bm x∫bΩV
∑, m3Î8i4 koxcD8Nc5bMs3i3mbV
wonW: ∑, w˜4 ∫4fx x∫bm xˆN4fq5 xˆNm xˆN4fq5 bwmwos6gi4 x`AtJF•5.
s2Wi3∆5V
wonW: ∑, s2Wi3j5 gnsmo3i3u1mb wmw5bExcq5gu4 cspmMs6gF•5 koxui
rS4yc5bt9lQ5.
rS5tc5bD8•3i6v9o s2WoEx6t9lQ5V
wonW: bf4nsJ4f9ø wpC6g6Ltcw bwmwos˙aZlx5 rS4yc5b6g5. bwmw5©t9lb
ho s9lu.
∫4fx ˙3l ckw5gc wµ4 ˚c5b6gF0JxǬoCm Nlos6vjcw
ck6 xWEQx5n6.
wonW:
xWEQx4n
NlN3m5
∫4fx
kox‰oc5b3i3mb
sfx
x3ˆ4
m3Î4
xbsy3u4
swc3ix6Lt4 sc9Ms0/sc5bi3uÔ4 i`Zsmc5bd/sqPLt4 Wi6nsJmd/sqPLt4 sN
ra9os1m5
˙cw7m
xw2Ù
ßuzgx6
koxcMs6Li
sN5bs6
kox6∫E4v8i3mA
X6rpc5txq2X9¬8•5 WsQi3j9¬8•5 vt2Xt4 ~Msi6nslxd/s?1iq7uÔAlx6 ∫4fx
mo4Lt4 xw2Xz eg3qs3i6ns9li xw2Xz eg3qsq8i6ns1m5 eg3zcq7m9¬8•5
∫fx
eg3zq5
eg3zcq5g6
XwEZE9liQ5
w8Nq8i5
swzl
xs9MÇz5
scs0/sc5b6gF•5
wMsi6ns[AJFis9li
i`ZsmJx¬c5b3ix6Xt4
∫8N
bwm8N
vtmd/sqPLt4 ∫8Nl xa5 x0pŒ4t5tixq2X5 koxui4 m3Î1mt4 “b=? bwmw4fF5
koxcExcq5gt5 m3Î1i” M/s?4gF•5 x7ml koxctŒ4X1i3u1mb xa†4 m3ÎPI6Í4
38
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
sfxl5bs6
x3ˆ4
koxui4
rS4yctŒ4Lt4
sN
koxEΩo6b6Lis4
x7ml
∫4fx
Wc8N‰d/s?4gF•4 xa5 bw8N sN koxEΩo6b6Lis4 ßuz koxo/ΩoClx6X5
i`Zstc5bstc5bq
kNctQMsqN5tA
xqctŒOm5txd/s9lt
w[lo7usb4n/s7m5
∫[No
ßm
x`Ati6ns6ƒ3m5
scsy4v8iMs3os
bm4fx
sN
u5tmbo1us6X¥5
s4Wi3u4 gn6√6gFis1mb u5tmbo1us5 yK9os9lt4. bw4fizo5bs6 cspq7uJz.
Xix6:
w5gFiC
XXw8N6Lis4
bw8N
w5g~3Jx5
koxE/z
m3Î1i4
cspMsqPLA
koxc6gFisiC6bsM6ym1m5
emw8N6Li0J4
Wc∫
w˚J8•gw8NMs6ym1m5
koxE6ƒpqo6Lis4.
emgwNiqbzV
Xix6:
w4y8NqPLis4
Xw=FQJ8N6Lis4
XXw8N6Lis4
Nj`Zst9lb
Wmw8N6Li0J4
wMs?qPLio
wM5t8k5
ckrx6
kbCsct5t8k5
kbCslxMsCm
si4√5t-
xD8Nq8Nm w˜4 Wmpc5txq5g5 xati5 W/s4v8iChxc5bMs3mb Wm4v8i6bs9lt4
koxi4v8i6bso6Lt4
mqPLAcw
bwm8N
W?1i3mb
w4y8N6bsgw8NDJd`QPLA
ckrx6.
w˜4
WmpcD8•Çz∫
bwm8N
XXo6LÅ.
XXDlgw8NDkoxEy8N6LAl
wpC6gqPLi.
m3Î8i bw4fxo swcD8Nc5bMsE?5 x3Nw5V
Xix6: ∑Å6 gnsmZlx6Lz si4√D8Nlxq8Nm.
gnsmF9øV x3Nw5 swcD8NMsE?5 m3Î8i4V
wonW:
swo1u4
≈mw
gnsm7mEq5gz
gn6ymlxq5gz.
bwm8N
ryxi
rS4ym?4gi
bwmwc5b3i3uJ[Å3q˜4
gnsmZlx6Lz
swc6X4gF•5bsÎ6
m3Î8i
xbsyfl4
bw8N m3Î1i4 wpC6gq4r9li.
gt5gw8ˆlw5V
wonW: bwm8Nsq5g6 m3Î1i4 swcClxCu ∫8N b=?•Ms6Li Wc∫ b=?•o6Li.
bwmwMsq5tx3mb. w˜4 gnsmN3uÔZlx6 bwm8Nw5gcMs6ymJ4ns1u1m5 x`At1uJz
bfMs6ym1uJz
wMQ/ui
m3Î1i4
swcq1Nu
xgw8ND6ymZlx6Li
koxoFi6
˙cw7m6
bw8N
koxz
s?•Ωo6g6
swgxE/z
∫8N
ryxi
NJ6tQA8•6bz
gd9li
gd8i6Li.
w˚y3u1i4 si4√5 — wonW ß5g?4
∫8N
w4fN•o6g6
gdJFis9li
wm8N
hDysj5
39
csp9M5∫f¬9lisq5©Alx6 bfMs6ym9lQ5 µi gΩA5 si4vs0/sZu csp9M5∫o6Li
wm8Nso˙a1m5. bwm8Nw5g7mE1i4 bf8NqPLi gnsmw8N3j5 b=? wMq8k5 scvb4g6.
x3Nw5 moZE?5buiq8i4 si4√D8N6r5 s=?l gnsm/3i4V
wonW: x3Nw5 moZE?4bFiq5V sc9MMsClx3uZ4r5 x3Nflw5 bm4fx µi kNø5
SMC6gxlgw8Nsd/sqPI6S5 w8Nsi4nz W9lA xsˆEsCu ∑ moZ6S5 ∫4fx xˆNzb
xgExc6X4bFiq8i
xgExco6S6
w˜4
wo6fyE/4nFiq8i4
µil
xats2
w4y¿3FQ?4bzi w4y¿vbQxcq5g6 xsˆ3i3ui nlmq8iuisq5©Zlx6 xaNhc5b6g6
∫8N
ßmJChc5b6g6
W0JtQ/s9li
w0J3Nyd/sNi
w6vsmqgw8N6b4v
W0JycsD¬/6gFixlw5 w3ixaJflw9l bm4fx xabs4X5 wm8N wl6fyc6X4gF•5
x[pŒq5gi4 wm8Ns/w8N6 wo6fyc3ltsq5g6 ∫{hm WJm/q5 wo6fyq9l mo4LQ5
wµ6ym8i6X5 wµÅ6gFi3u4 ckw9li wµÅ6gFi6 wmsq5©Zlx4f5 x0pŒq5gtA5 wµ4
vXMs6ymJx¬4X5 ckwbsMs6ym4X5 ∫8N w˚Jfl4 bw{hgˆd/sqPLi¬8•5 s=?¬8•5
xtEo3mA xJ˜q~3m5 xJ˜q7m5 W[Ay6bs?1i6Li W[Ay6bsymiq5 w3ixa~6t9lQ5
W0JtQ9lQ5 W5bwo/Ex4v8ic5b3i3mb w˚oC∫fl4 xˆN4fqb wo6fyq5 mo4LQ5 ˙3l
xqi6nu4 W5bwo/Excvb4Lt4 iFx6yx9l5bs6 x0pQqbq8i4 x0pQ9MEqbzi4
wµ6ymi6 bm8N W0Jts9li s=?¬8•5 bsgq5©Ms3i6X5 s=?¬8•5 wkx6ymJFi3u4
wMc6X5
bm4fx
W6fycc5b6gF•5
wo6fycc5b6gF•5
x0pŒq5gi4
w7mç
bwmwtbsMs6gi4 g~6tbsA5b vmJx¬6ƒC/6gA5 W9ME4gx¬Z/6ƒ3m5 wMw6ymJ9l
bm4fx
wMw6ymi3q˜4
xt6∫6t5tZJq5gA5
mo4LA
xt6∫˙a1mb
wMQqbK5
n6r÷3i6ns˙ac5bMs6g6
µi
hD¥5
w˚C∫5
xt6
wMQqb5ti[o
w4fx
wM`Z6Xb
˙3l
∫8N
∫4fN`Z5
kN5t8i
u5tmbo1u
wlÙo4bcZJq5g6
w[lo1u
wlÙo4bc˙ai6ns9li w[lo1us9l ß5g?4bcCJq5g5 u5tmbo1u ß5g?DJw8Ns9lt4
bwm8N
wMQ/ui4
w3i/6g6gcgx3m5
x5txcc5b3i6nsMs6g5
u5tmbo1usb3u4
s9lu
r`Z3usb6
x0pQJ8•3mA
wMw3iDi
wcl1k5
r`Z3ustg5
xt6∫6tPLis4 ∫8N w˚~6gfl4 yKo6S9o bwm8N W6fycMsq5©Zlx5 ryxi sN
eg3z6∫D8Nq8iCMs3m5 wMw6ym4Xb xˆNw6ym1m5 x∫bw6ym1m5 eg3z6∫D8Nq7mb
cspAm eg3z6∫Dm w3ab6∫Dm¬8•5 xtc6t5tJ8Nq7mb wMcq8Nu4 xtcdZ/6bC
sN xˆˆi4 xtc3ix6g6 x5txcc5b3uÔZlx5 bwµ4 w˜8i5 ryxi eg3qJ8Ngx6Xb
x5txcdpZ/qb4v bw{hmis4X5 s9lu ho xg6∫¬1m5 wo6fycs/3uZ5bo xˆN4ƒ9lb
xtc6t5tlx˙`AqPLb
xˆN4f4v
bwmwMs3mb
xJE6hwp4fi[o
xJE6hwp4fi9o
xtc6t5ti3u Ws4n3iq7m5 mogw8NE9lA bwm8N xtc6t5tJ8N5txq8Nm x5†c5b6gz
ryxi
w4huz
gdMs6gu4
xtc6t5tJ8N5txq8Nm
x0pŒqN5b
xtc6t5t/4v5b rhu[o xWE6vsZlx6W5 bw8N whmQq5tx6LA rsZm.
40
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
WsQ/5t8i4
xWEvw8N3Mz bwm w3iC bwm xtc3m5 s?z w9lEMs6bzi4
wµcbsMs6gu4.
wonW: ÔWu4V
∑, ÔWu4 xtc3m5 w˚C∫5txat9lA w˚A8•J7m5 w˜4 wµJ7mb
bwmo wµ•tlx6bwo/ExcC/6X5V
wonW:
s?zo
vq6LÛW7us5
scC∫Cm
xtc3i3u4
xtc6t5ti6~¬1u1mb
x©tc6t5tlxq8Nm
u5tmbo1usi5
xtEq5tx6bC
mfx
bw8Nst9M5∫Ch4LAÒ8•5
∫8N
b3icctQqbflZlxz tufl4 xyx xtc6t5ti6~lw5 w4W1N3mb x7m u5tmbo1us5
xtc6t5t4√¬o3u1mb
m4f4gw5
ryxi
N1ui6
m4fgf¬Zlx5
x5†˙ao6g5
s?A9o
nrcD5b xˆN4fcD5b¬8•5 x5†J8NMsqN5b w˜tA5 ˙3l¬8•5 iqsC m4Ù8k eg3z8i
xtc3uJ6
s?z
x5tMsqb8i4
nrfl1m
x5tMs6ym1mA
nrflZgx6
xtc6t5tc5bMs3m5 s?z x5t6yMs6ymq5gz xbsy3u[¬8•5 x∫bZl xtc3uJ6
s?zsq5g6
cspm/C
bwÅy6bEqPLA
x∫b8i4
moAmq7uZm
xym
xtc6g6
W6fyq8i4
rS¨bc6g6
eg3z3m
WJm/8i5bs6
wMz8i4
Wc5b3uZm
x7ml
s?5t8i WMs‰Mq5gz.
x†5bs6 u5~k5 ∫8No w˚J6 ho x5t6bsd/sc5bMs6X5bs6V
wonW: bsNi gdJu4 eg3z6∫3i6Li trMs6ym1mb sux3Jx4f5 kN6vtQqPLtÅZlx6
iqs6S9l
bfgw8N6LtA5
gdMs3i3m5
∫8N
sux3Jx4ƒ6Li
¥†Bxs4f5
iqsǬo6Li
˙cw7m
x6f~gw8N6Li
bsNi
m8gExu
B≈jbulrx6
∫8N
S?[lQx6g6tbso6Li
iqsǬoCu
srsgw8N3m5
w˚ymJgcf¬o6©Zlx6
xt6∫6tbsMs3i3uJ6 xˆNm cimJx¬o3m[Å6 ci3l4gx¬9li sc9MD¬/3FQ9liQ5 ∫4fx
st6y3FsJx¬Z{y
bwmw2S6
sN
bwmwMsvPI6S6
xtcMs3osN-M8i6Li
xˆNZ
cs4X`Agx3m[Å6 cimJ8•5tx6Li bm8Nl ci3l4∫lx ≈6r5tx6Li bwm xtc6S6
xa/Fi6bs6
xtc6g6
wMq5
xa/q8i4
xtc6t5tc5bMs6g5
xa/q5.
cspmKz¬8•5 bs?i w[lo1u w˚9li w˚Jfl1u4 xtcDmJu4 ∫8N ckwqPLi
raizi
xtEix3mA
xtcDmJfl4
w˚Jfl1u4
xbsyxqPLA
cspymJz.
∫8N
xtcDmJ6 w8Ns9l8.
w8ˆ¬o6LiV
wonW:
∑, gd~olx3i6Li ckwqPLi w3abfl4∫Cu Xixb eg3z3zstzi4
sNÅ6 s?zflQix6bz xtEJm9lis4 bwm xtE¿.
w˚y3u1i4 si4√5 — wonW ß5g?4
41
bwm5bs6 gnsm7uZm w8N xkÛ6 x5txEym7uZ4f bw5huz
mo˙8i3u4 xkÛa7m5 ∫8N xkÛ6 b=?s9li ho xuhk5
x5txaymZu w˚f∫˜3m[Å6 w8NgcfbsZ/6gÎ6 xuhi4
x5t6bsymAi.
wonW: bwm8N WsJu4 gÇzt5tNhQxc3uZ5∫ xJClx6g4f5 s?A5 scsy6S5 nq7µ5
WsJ7u[Å6
w8N
N0po3u7m[Å6
wkgc˜6gE8N
swzÅ6
w8NÅ6
N5t3m5
eg3qA8Nq5g6
eM4bs9li
Nvhz
w3iZlxÇzu
„6bFi6
gd?4g5
fFtbsMs6Li
SF6tbs9li eM4bs9li ∫{hm x3Ns2 N0pÔ2 wiQc5b6bzk5 iF`Z6bsMs6ym1m5
∫8N N0pxflx ßmfl˜3m5 ßmix~3m5 iqszÅ6 sc6X4Li wMq5 ka4vlx6Xb
xux4ƒJµ6g6
∫8N
bw8NsK6
c`A6
ms`Zc5bMs6g6
xux4fgx5txaoMs6g6
wMoµq5 gd?4Lt4 w˜4 w5gf¬oMs3m5 ∫8N xg6ƒpMs3uJ6.
y8N4©6v8if9o scs0/sJuis÷3li bm8N hoJEFs4V
wonW: hoJEJ8N5txq5gx¬Zmo mfiz Xw2Ùdtsq5gi4 wm8N y8N4g3iC˙aMs3u1m5
y8N4g3iC˙a1u1mb
gdJcMs6Li
gdymJgcso6t9lA
∫8N
N0p9li
y8N4g4Li
gdMs6g6 bw8N w[lj5 wy6g6 wu6tbsJm9liÅ6 ckwq5tx6Li wu6tbsJm9li
wu6tPLis4 hNs=?Å6 w8N xtcDmJ6 xhw˜4 b=? w3iZu xtcs/o6Li wm8N
s4WE/cs3uJw5.
xyxiΩ3l y3ˆ3i6 y3ˆc5b3i6 eg3zu4 hDysctzk5
ckwos6bst9lA ck3o vmQ/sc5bMs6vV
wonW: kv2Wxa4X5 y3iQd/sc5bMsq5g5 ≈8i6bD¬Zlx3li b6v4fN`Z5 rh∆q5g6
x[Zj9¬8•5 ≈8i6bD¬Zlx6t9lA xaNhc5b˜3m5 w6yN6gi4 Nk3i[¬8•5 xwF3i[¬8•5
bm4fx
w6yN3i6Ùa1mb
bwmÅ6
N8kZh4f8i
Nk3j5
eFx6bsA8N˜q5g3¬8•5
e7u˚gw8N3li sNo wk4 whmQ/sq9li y3iQ/sc5b3iq5g[Å6.
s?5txD wmw6gcCw7m5 w˜ x4hD8N6gx¬ha7m5 ck3o
vmQ/sc5b36v5 x{hlx6g5V
wonW: kNoC˜[Absc5bMsC5bo ∫4fx wM`Z6g5 cimpys/6g5 cimJx¬9li ∫8N
wMQ/q8i4
X6r/4bsPI6S6
b=?4n©/Çzu4
∫4fN`Z5
whw9˜4
xJo6X9ox1m5
w[lusctQ/q8i5
xJo3m5
x8kÇ6g6bs9lil
xi3icD8•3m5
Í4ncq2X5
wesy6bsgw8N3li b4Xsz s/C3j5 cz5b6tbsZ/6Li X6rsy6b3i3mb x7m e4~6gx¬Zlx6Lt4 s8kxoµ3Fsvbc5b6ƒpMsq5g5 wkr7mb kNø5 x4hD6g7mEx¬c5bMs6g5
42
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
s9lul x4h7mExl4 wvJ6bsc5bC5b vmQ/3JxǬc5boC5b x[˜5 w˜4 ∫8N xi3Nq6gdtQ/K5
xy5ti4
vmQ/s5tx6Li
x4g6ytbsMsCb
wvJ6bs5tx4√¬Z5b
bw4fxo
yKoE/K5 x4hD3N6gu4 xg6XMs6g5.
µ8N whm4f5 x{hD3N6 x{hD6gc˙a7m5 bcN6gx¬lil ck3o
bw4fx whm÷6g5 vmQ/sc5bJ?5V
wonW: whm÷lx6gclxÇlA8N6ƒpc5bMs`Q7m9o wMw3is2 xyxA5 ˙cw7mo scs0/svstQc5bMsC5b
kµhA8•vstQ9lb
kµhqMsE5
s9luo
y3i˙/c5b6gFis9li
rhy[l
kµhAtcΩ5b
kµh3Jx6gcc5bo6g6
kµh4f5
n6®8Nu4
csp/sNh4Lb
˙cw7m
scs0/sgxC5b
scs0ppcq8Nu4.
ckw`Axq8Nu4
w4fx
scs0pc5bqoC5b
NlifjNw x4hDlxc5b6g5 whmq5 n`Qo6Lt4 n`Qlxo3mb.
w˚y3u1i4 si4√5 — wonW ß5g?4
43
Bw3F Xix6
x0pos6b6: KwgE4 lAÇ8-j5
xW6ht5: ˙n8 wkxC6 x7m Jox nw7mwJ6
g~p: µr v4r4
r4f8i4 xqJ6√c3i3mΩ6W5V
Xix6:
yKiΩzi
xbA5∫l1u,
x7m
sc3ix6LA
xˆNm
w5gcMsPI6Sz
xzJ6√q8k5
w5g4~3Jxu4,
w5gcMsPI6Sz
wkxC3u4,
iqscMs6Sz
x7m
koxz
wlÙo4, x∫bcMsPI6Sz WsÛ5g1u, bw4fx4 w5g4~3Jx4f4 w3iz4, xˆNcMsPISz
xMEx3u4, bw4fx4 wkxC4f4 Xizi4, bwm8N xzJ6√cMs6Sz.
Nu kNcMs6ym7mΩ6W5 cspAmJz.
Xix6:
bs?i
w[lo1u
x=?0/siC6bsJu
xtc6gu
kNc6Lb
xsMpoMs6Sz
h6fwhoMs6Sz.
∫?i w˚iƒF5V
Xix6: bwvi x=?0/u w˚o3iƒKz.
w˚y3u1i4 si4√5 — Bw3F Xix6
45
cz4f5 x3ÇA w˚8i3mΩ6W5 cspmF5V
Xix6: ∑9M7mExl4 !(##-u s9l6ys∫ ˆnstcPI6S6 x4©=? & N9ost=FcPI6Sz.
∫8N s9lz cspmZFs4 s4©=? &, !(##-aiC6LA, x=?0/u
c9lˆ6bc3i3µV
Xix6:
c9lˆ6bc6XMs`Q4vlx6Li
w4yC3Jxi4
u5tmbo1¨`ZD0p8i3mb,
bw8N
ttC6X1i3m5 ttCMs6ym8i3m5 cspmKA5.
rNu4 koxc3mΩ6W5V
Xix6: ∑, wk4g5 ©3ΩM/sc5b6g6. ¿6tbsymizi wKˆM/s?4Li.
eg3zcsEFy4V
Xix6: eg3zu4 eg3zc÷`Q5gA4. tAxq8N3u4 kbCdtc6gA4.
c{yi4 tAx6ymFy4V
Xix6:
c{yirx3zw,
tAxMs6ymZlx6Lk4
urPLi
w˚J8•Ms6ym1m5
s?•cb-
sc5b6g6 uMi tAxEPI6XK5. x7m xatu4 wb•6bsc5b6gu4 µ8N w[lo1¨5gu4
tAxc4viPI6SA5.
x7m
µ8N
w4Wx3J1u
≈t4?w¨5g6
c÷M/sc5b6g6
x3Ns9li
tAxEPI6XK5. x7m kv`AxcPI6S6 µ8N eg3zco~Ms6gu y8t XixM/s?4Li. x7m
niC/1u`Û6ymJu4 tAxc4viPI6SA5 bµi !@-DJ1i4 srsc6ƒo6gu4 !#-i[lrx6. x7m
x3Nu4 ho tAxc4v8iPI6SA5. µ8N xatfl1u4 tAx6ymPIEKA5. c{ys?5V
&, wMz w˚J8•6guif¬9li hDys9liV
Xix6: ∑
∫8Norx6 !@-i9lrx6 !#-i9lrx6 x3ÇAo4 rNs?V
Xix6: xs˜6bsc5b6g6.
x3Nf¬9orx6V
Xix6: •N.
46
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
∫8Norx6 xatfl4V
Xix6: ∫8N xatfl4 ∆y¥6bsc5bPI6S6, wk4g5 xtcf¬/6tbs1m5 xzQMs6b8i5
WsÛ5©6bs?4Li xtcslx3m5 ∫8N.
ck3o w2X{n scsyE/sc5bMs3m5 wMu8i4 ryxi
tAxc5b6guisiC6bs9lt4 bwmwymFyV
Xix6:
≈4v5tx6
wM5t8isAlx6.
s?zΩ6
∫{hm
wMq8isAlx6
g4yC3lk4
WJmMs6ym9lA,
Wym`QbK5.
x3Ns2
WMs6ym`QMA4
bw8N
W4nc6tbsNh4X4Lk4
Wym/m
x3Ns2
wMq8isAlx6
bwv
xbsy6
WJmMs6ym9lA
bwm8N
tAx6tbsymKA4
g4yC3lA
g4yC3u gryF¥V
hDys9lt rh h6fwQQx`ZMs6ym7mΩWs4 si4vsyEJ8N6rs4V
Xix6: rhD¬/9˜lw5 h6fwQQx`ZMs6ym/4v hNs=? xµ6bs9lz b2Xsz kNj5
g4g8NhQx6ym8i6Lt4, Wh4g5 xµ6bsiCl csp9lA w6f7mCm dwoMs6ym9lz gΩA9o
ra2WtD¬/3lQ ryxi WN/Cm. bw4fx h6fwQ/4v. xiJ8NoClx6Lz xiJ8NMs`Q5gz
xox5∫¬MsCm. xe5gzMs3uZm xox5∫¬Ms3uZm. ck3lÅ6V
cb`Atc6guisF5V
Xix6:
∑9˜l4.
cb`At4v
wMQMs`Qb4v,
xzJZ
xzJ4O6Ù6
w5g4f8i5
w5g4~3Jx4f8i5 Wym/sPI3i6S6, g[ox w5g4f8i5bs6 wkxC4f8i5 Wym/sPI3i6S6,
WzJz5 v9l1u iqs3u5bs6 Wym/sPIi6S6, N/Z xzJQΩ6bC iqs5t8•PLi
h6fwhoMsPI6Sz s?z xzJ6√8•5ggxa9lz. raiΩ4f5 m3Î1i4 N/4∫Clx3iCm
bm3u4
gdfl1i6Lt4
kv6∫PIEKz
bw8N
Wc∫
bfMs6ym9lA
w˚J6
csp9lAl
Wc∫
bfMs6ymNA.
xabs9li.
x7m
x7m
raiΩ5tA5
N/4∫E9lb.
x7m
ho
N/4∫4v8iE9lb tAxa9li, bw4fx µ8N w˚`Qo6©Zlx5. x7m N/c4v8iE9lb, x7m
kvcMs6ymZlxE9lz
lxE9lz
xatu4
xa7u
w˚J8•Ms6ymQ9li.
gdflMs6ymQ9li
raiΩzA5
w˚~Ms6ymJ6.
bw8N
kvfl4∫Ms6ymZra9oÙ6
µ8N
kv6O6ÙE/K5 iDx6bsJk5 wMQ/sNhc5b6g6.
rN bw8N kv6t6Ù6V
Xix6: ÷8 wlÙosc5b6g6 †Ï4f9¬8• bf4nsc5b6g6.
w˚y3u1i4 si4√5 — Bw3F Xix6
47
b=?o kv6t6Ùdt¥, w˜4 cb`At4y8i.
Xix6: ∑.
sc6vsZF5 x=?0/¨c5b6guisiC6gy.
Xix6: ∑.
sX4ym9lAo ∫8N x=?0/ w[lfl4bc3m5 bmgm u4~k5
hdwhoDtFi3i si4√D8Ne5V
Xix6:
∑9˜l4
x=?0/u
tEZixCh[Fs?1m5
ej4y4f5
w˚o3iCm
sW3z4~aoÇz5
srx4~aoÇz5,
x=?0/ul
bskz
st3FQ9ltA5
h6fwho6Lz
w[losiC6bsJj5
c3mw5
kNŒ8N6LtA5
xs9˜6ymo6X4Lt4
bw4fx5bw8Nw5
xg6bs9lt4
h6fwhMs6ymJz. gryN`Q˜6V
≈[Z gryN6gxl4. ∫4fxorx6 cz x=?0/ w4yC3Jxk5 w8N
kNQ/F•6V
Xix6: b2Wvi kNcMsClx3i6Li ∫8N w[l∫3m5 µ8N w[lø6bsc5b6g6 b=?iΩ6
w[lcoMs6ym8i6Lb.
∫8N Nu w9lco3i3m5, x=?0/•V
Xix6: x=?0/u w[lflcw8NMs6Li µ8N bwvi kNo[Jxc6gu w[lø6bsc5b6gu
w[l∫Ms6ym1mb
m3Î?4vu4
Wc∫
x=?0/¨PLi
Wc∫
bvN•q8N6Li
bwm8N
w4yC3Jxc6XMs6ymJ5. WctΩz b2Wv•o6X4Li.
x=?0/ ho wkc6vV
Xix6:
≈4v5tx6
wkc÷`Q5g6.
emMs6ymZ5tA5
raizA5
xbsyxlx6ƒ6g3o kNQ/s4v8iD8•Ms3m5.
czV
Xix6: czi5 scD8N`QMz srsoEMs`Q8Nm.
48
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
wkç3JMsClx6Li
w8Nso6t9lt9oV
Xix6: w8Nso`QPLΩ xyx•oMsC5bo s?A5, xyΩ5t8i4 b2Wv•5gcMs6ymZlx6Li.
wMsJ8ˆ3Jo6Lz wvJlx`Qt9lz emMs6ymZ5tA5.
∫4fx wMsJ8N6guisiCCF5. wMsQx`Zi3i si4√D8N6W5V
Xix6: wMsQx`Z3i7mE8i4 si4√D8Nq5gz. xzJcCm ci5gj5 wMsÇ3J4X4Lz Nox4
wMsQx`Zo9M5∫3iE/8i4 h6fwQlx`QN4f.
w˜4 h6fwQ/3i4.
Xix6:
∑,
szy4gj5
wMs8NJ4XMs6gz
wMs?Ms`Q5gz
wMsgw8N5tx6Lz.
tEZixCh4t9lQ5
yi4bExCh4gi
bfnwJcoÇz5
wMstbs?Ms`Q5gz
dwZJlxMsCm.
yK9o6Ùu ßmJEsDtu•5 dFxQi6ÙEMs6ym/w9l scsyEJ8N6rQ5V
Xix6:
ßmJEs6ymJz
yK9o6Ùu
s?z
W`Qbzi4,
bsKz
≈t4?wj5
c9lN0px6XMsC5b bm8N isF6tcMs`Q7m5 sW3z4~aoÇz5, srs4f5 tEZixChx9MMs6Lt sW3z4~aoÇz5 bsKz ≈t4?wj5 xKzl u5tmbo1jFisZlx6 bw4fx,
w˚8NJo6t9lzsZlx6
bsKz
≈t4?wj5
xs9˜6XMsC5b
w5g6S9l
wMQ9ltA5.
bs?iΩ6 ≈t4?w yfΩzi wMK5 em4X4v5tA5 em4ym?4v5tA5 xs9˜oÇz5b e7uK5
NEx3mb ∫8N x∫bK5 bwf`ZCu e[Q6Li d6h6gfl1u4 n6r5t9li r˙/Ex4nzi4
csp`QMs6LA,
∫8N
N5tfl4
hNs=?
N5txfl4.
b=Kz
cjtjx6bs9li
tl4©tc6XMs3mb xNsboxEymJu4, bm8N W/s9li ∫{hjz xNso6LA bmsNgw8N3l
xNs?4LA xhw˜4 k6v6gf¬1m5 gdbs5tx7mE6ƒ6Li bwm8N ßmJEs6tbsMs6ymJz.
x7m raizA5 hNs=? Ù3ao3xu4 x[lu emwym8i6Li Ù3a6gfl1u N5t6yxo3uZ5b
xzJm bys6Liz wXCsb3u4 tAux3m5 whxo tAux6Ù wÍiC6bs1m5 ∫{hjz wSxk5
†Zi8NJ4LA
xqi6nsJu[o
N5toMs6ymQKz.
bwm
bw4fx
h6fwQ9lxb6∫4v4
W3zstFi8i5.
h6fwho6t9lt5 w3ixE/sys¥5 h6fwh¿9oDy3i4V
Xix6:
x4nq8i4
WJ8N5tx`Qb4vo
Nlo6LQ5.
bw4fx
xe5gzlxMsCm.
eg3z6∫3iCwJi4
gn6X4Lz.
gn6X4vlx6Lz
gngw8N6X4LA
Noxa/Eeg3z6∫g6,
bf/6gd/s/Çz5b s[M6XMsClx6gA5 bysc5∫Ex6g6LtA5.
w˚y3u1i4 si4√5 — Bw3F Xix6
49
∫8N w˚C∫f¬4V
Xix6: ∑. x5t6bsvstQ?Ms`Q7mb scs0/s?Ms`Q5gA9o.
∫8Norx6 w3ixE/sC∫6gFi6 bwmwbs`Q8Nc5b6gF•6vw
sx5txDv9MiV
Xix6: ≈mw yK9oK5 cspm`QN4r5. s?Åt9lbo bf/6g6tbs?Ms6ymJA5 bysc5∫6LAl. bw4fx yKiΩK5 cspm`QN4r5. bw{hmocw scsyE5txD8N6bClxqNwV
wonW: bwm8Ngw8N6bs6 xt4nstcc5bMs`Q7mbs6ƒpJ6. x5t6bsvstQ?Ms`Q5g5,
wMq5
wM`ZMs6ym8iÇzu4
ci5gXl4f5
xt4ncvstQ6ƒp9li.
bf/6gC5tAl
bw8Nsizi4 scsys9li tr8izi[¬8•5 ˙3l NlNw6bs9li. x7ml g6LCvstQtbsc5bMs3uJA5 “rhflwkN” G˙3l iqsflwkNH.
Xix6: ∑ ∑lx3o.
wonW:
cqx6∫6gf¬ZF5
sfx6∫6gf¬ZF5
wm8N
g6LCyvstQtbsc5bMs6gA5
wMŒ1i5t8i.
Xix6: kbCDl4tA9o g6LC3•8N3u4 ck6 scs0/s?Ms6ymJA5 w8N3i4 bwyd/s?Ms`Q8N5b.
x7m
xe5gzMsCm
x4n6fq8i4
si4√6gDl1i
gnsmZ˜4Lz.
b=?
Nt3u
b=?
bsNi
ˆMd/s?Ms`QPLb
si4√6g5
gnsm5txo4v8iDtQ`QbK5.
b=?st9lQ5
ej4y`Ax8NJZh4Sz
e7u`AxcDl4vm
w4fxl
N5ts2
ˆMs÷3J4LQ5,
b=?
ˆMZh4gz csp/sgxDm, “x•C/Qx6goE5t.” wm8Nwo/sgw8N3ix3uZm g~Jmj5.
gnsmD¬/o3i6r5 gnsm/Exc9lx`QbClx3i4V
Xix6: s?8i[o ryxi xe5gz÷3ifj5 gnsmtymJz. xbs¥5 bm0/ gnsmNh9MEMs6b4vo xoxNwQZ4r bm4fx si4√6gx5 wo5tZ˜4LQ9l.
si4√6gx3Fsgw8Nc5bMs6r5 s=?¬8•5 gnC8ˆ6gt5V
Xix6:
xW6fx¬MsCm
xˆNZ
xW6h6X4LA
si4√3FQZ˜4Liz
gnsm/Fi3ui9l
gnsmZ˜4vlx6gz w4fx wMŒ5 xW6h3ifj5 cspmo6X9oxC÷4LQ5 WMs6ymJz.
cb`Att9o ∫4fx vt`ZMs`Qbw8N†5V
Xix6:
50
≈4v xbsy3u w5g6S9l x∫bK9l w[lcw8NMs3mb w[lcctŒ8N6LtA m3D4
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
bw4fx4 b?`Z9l tAxaymJ6 yM6vt5t8il tAxaymJ6 bw8N x7m tAx6ym/w5
w˚J8•3m5 st6tbsgw8N6Li vtmMs6gA5, xbsy6 bw8N vtmMs`Œ8N6bgxE9ltA5.
bw8N t[o4bsiƒV
Xix6:
≈4v
bw8No
SwA6bDlZ.
xzJ4O6Ù5bo
kvΩz
x3N3JxM/s?Ms6g6
scsyE?C. bw8N t[o4bsiƒJ6 Xs`Zs0/sÔ6V t[o4bsym`Q5g6 tAxaMs6Li Xsz
r?9o5t8k N4n6bsifgw8N6. t[o5bsq5g6.
hDyst9lt5 W`AxDyE?5bui6t si4vsyEA8N6rQ5V
Xix6:
∑9˜l4,
eµJx¬o6Lb
xmÎ/6gx¬Ûz5b
gn6nsJ8•Çz5
xmÎ/cbsNh4Lb
eFx6Li
∫8N
∆M/s9lb
mo4n6bs/Çz5b
bsKz
xK`ZsÇb6g6,
W`AxcbsNh4XMs6ymZlx6SA5. x7ml cspm`Qb{y8isJ4nsJ6 sW3z4~aoÇz5 yMu
xNsoÛc5b6XMs6ym1mb wMs=FQ8NJ4XMs6ym9lA, xmÎ/cbsJ8N6yZml xmÎ/cbsJ8N6Lz. †ZDtc5b6Lbl xKz ~MQc5bstNh4Lb xtc6tbs9li bwmwos6XMs6Lb
sN xK`Zst5tNh4g6 w8N w[lΩzkx6t5tNh4g6 bwm8Nwos6gi4 bfgw8N6XMs6Sz
wMs8NJ4XoMs6Sz.
bm4fx
xwFs2
nsiq5
Nb6f3j5
bµi
x1ml6ytbs8NJ4Lt4 x7ml g4©2 N[Axflx y=FxaiC6bsJ6 x1mlX¬/3m5 ∫8N
„6ym9li bwm8N bf?Ms6ymJz. bw4fx xNsoÛoxa8NJ4g5 cspmMsE9lQ5 nNJu4
bf?MsCm.
g4gfl4
x1ml6ytx9MMs6LA
u6fDlq8i
wl9o6bs9li
u6h6bs9li
bwm8N xNsoÛc6gi4 bf?Ms6gz, w˜4 xNsoÛc6XMs6gA5.
rhu xNsbc6gyV
Xix6: eJ1u, eJw8N3u cspmoMsCm.
xox5∫¬Zlx6gt5 xmÎ/cbs?8iEÏ5V
Xix6: x4hx¬D8•6Lzø. kbC4v8iD¬8lzo xox5∫¬MsCm xiJ8NMs`Q5gz, ryxi
Wctc6Lz S˜Ex6XMs6gz, xwJ8NwoDl4√zml s?5t8k`Zs0/s?4Lz. s?8i9o
WJ8N6y8NJ4vm
xiJcgw8N6Li
s?5t8k
s9M8NJo6Lz,
“bs?
ho,
bs?
ho.”
wmwos6bs9lz W7mEA8NMs6gz xox5bsifj5. wyoClx6Lil bwm gn6nsJ6
bs? høMJ6.
w˚y3u1i4 si4√5 — Bw3F Xix6
51
c9lˆi9o cz h6fwho3iƒF5 s=?¬8•5 bf/Es6Lt5 h6fwh2W5
ck6V
Xix6: bf/Es6ƒp`QMz¬8•5 w˚Zm c9lˆ6bcw8NMs6Li h6fwhDlo6t9lz Xøy4f5
u5tmbo1u`Û6XMs3mb, c9lˆi5 bfc5bw8N6Lz w7m5txonslxj5 c9lˆcw8N6ƒpt9lA
h6fwhMsCm.
czb˙DJ8i9orx6V
Xix6: ∑ kbCD¬t9lb czb˙bsMs6ymJA5. bw8N w[lo4 w4yC3Jx4f8i w[lbco6Li
isF6t4f5
w[lbc`Qhz6t9lQ5
dr3i6Lis4
bmsN
s4XtzA5
w[lc`Qhz6t9lQ5.
Ns4f7mErx6,
bw8N
sfµl4
WhA8N`Qo6t9lA
w3izb
czb˙Çl1j5
e3i6∫l1j5 bsK`Z6gcMs6ym1m5 xqDl4Li hNs=? xbsyofl4. b=?i w[lo1u
bwvi w[lFZcC5b kKxi, b=?•PLb czb˙ǬoCu do5tx5tA5 sw0÷a/Ms6LitA5
i9oxq8ˆl4Li iXqMs`Œ8N6Li b2Wf`ZsZu w[l3Jx6bc6gj5 bwm b2Wf`ZCu
ryxi
iXq6XM5tobw8N6Li,
dr6bsymJ6
w[loÛ3J1j[Å6
hNs=?
czb9lt4
xs9MD0/sMs6ym1m5.
iXqD8N`Q7mb.
raizA5
bw8N
bwm
czb˙c`Qf∫-
oMs6ym1uJ6.
Nox4b w3ixb dr6Xs4V
Xix6: k=F/6.
W÷6f7u s?¬8•5 W÷6ƒ`Q5guV
Xix6: W÷6fus`Q5©Zlx6. ck3l bwmV
b6rs/6X8iEFy5bs6V
Xix6:
b6rs/6gi
wMsJ8N5txMs`Q8Nm
xoxNDJ1m5,
b6rs/6XMsClx6gA5
SwA6gzo. x7ml s6˙∫3iC6Lb bwmwos6XMsClx6gA5 wp6X4Lbl ei6gx¬?4Lb
w3D9oCstu4 bw/s9li wpÇiC6X4Lbl.
w6f9oCst gnEsE?C.
Xix6: ∑ wpÇ3iC6X4Lbl mfizl w3D9oCsti4 msz wp6y?4Lb, ∫8N w3D9oCstu4
bw/sMs6g6.
52
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
sN b=? sNfl4 ttCstfl4 w6f9oZstsiC6bsJ8NE?V
Xix6: ∑ b=?o ∫8N bwm8N bw/sJ8NEK6. b=? wpD4f bsg`Q9ly ei6gx¬oD{y
b=? NiyÔ2 wp3ixE9lis4 s?A9o w3D9oCstu4 bwN/6bK5 bs?io. xyxiorx6
ck6.
c[QJi4 w6vsm/c6W5V
Xix6: c[QJ6yx6ym`Q8Nmo. xfixl[l eMsti4 bfMs8œ8NMs6Lz. c[Qjx5tx6ym`Q8Nmo
Ns÷i
ryxi
x4vZ
x3N5tx6
w4yC3Jxk5
Ns÷k`ZsQx6t9lA
WctQJm1µzÅ6 Ns÷k`ZsZ8k4 bwvi eMs0/ZM4gi4 bf/EsMs6ymJz. c[QJi4
scD8Nq8Nm.
w˜9orx6 ck6 gnsmD¬/EF5 b3Ex{hi9l wkC/8i9l
bm4fizD¬/6 u4~iV
Xix6:
gnsmgw8N6LQ5
cspym`Q8Nm
gnsmgw8N6LQ5.
wkC/4yx6ym`QMzo
b3Ex{h4yx6ymNzl.
rNø8N b3Ex{h1j5 is=FsExClx6Li wrQxClx6Li bmszw8N6
wq8iƒ?V
Xix6:
rNrx6
yKi5t8iø.
wm8NÅ3q8N
i4X6Li
Who6t9lA
xa/sZu
wrQxClx6Li. w5gFi3mo si4√Ms6ym/Clxz mi6vj5 bmsz wrQx6Li.
v2Wx~6bsc5b3iCF5 si4√D0/sc5b3iCF woCN6g6bcExzi4V
Xix6: ≈4v ˆMD¬/4vsifxl1j5 ixdr5g6 si4√6g6 g~a/PI3i3uZ4f scJw5gÎ6
wtf5©2 koxz s8kx6 wkDl1u5 wy6∫¬Ms3m5 mfxÅ6, wm8Nwozs6gxlw5 ∫8Nl
scD8NPICi
bfiC6bz.
bw8N
w6vsmifj9lrx6
xox5bDDtQMs6ymZ4f
xox5bs0JtQMs6bC, wk©Am bfix6∫lQZ4f. bwm8N xox5b`AMeymKz. gn3M[lz
xoxN6gu WMs6ym`Q5tx6gz. s?8igxDl4 xox5bsymJz.
g5gQsDtui3i si4√D8N6W5V
Xix6:
g4gQs3i8i4
si4√D8N`Q5tx6gz.
bwm4v8iv9M1i5
w6v6nw8Ns/Clx6gz
g4g5bEsMs3Nz g4gc5b6gFisoCm w6vwJ8N`Q8Nm.
w˚y3u1i4 si4√5 — Bw3F Xix6
53
w˜9orx6 yM¨DJ8i3i WQsDy3i si4√vw8ND8N6®V
Xix6:
∑9˜l4,
xw=?QsMs6ym9lz
Nso4LA
x7ml
@@-j5
x¿6LA
∫8N
Nsox9MMs6LA hNs=? eg3zE/sJfl1u4, x7m drEx8NJ4Xo6Lz N5t6Xo6Lz,
crymJu4 s[J1u4 WtbsMs6ymZm s[JQsMs6ym9lz. bw4fx bwm W/Es6ym/4v
W/EsMs3NQ5 WJ8N6ygw8N6X4LQ Wc5b3iCmo.
w˜9orx ej4yEs6t9lt6vw si4√Evw8ND8N6rs4,
e7ucEs6t9lt5V
Xix6: e7ucEs`Œ8NMs6gz m3Î1i4 xzJc6Lz x∫bc6Lzl bm3u4 e7uc6Lt4,
wMsgw8N6X4Lz ∫4fx e7uq5 ir5∫6LQ5 ej4y8NJ4X4Lz N1ui6 e7ucMs`Œ8NMs6Lz,
ryxi
w8ND¬o6Lz
e7ucobw8NMs6ymJz.
e7uE/six6gi4
bwm8N
ejQs6t8Nh4LQ5 e7ucMs6Lz W/s/Çzb e7uc6tbsJ8•Dl4X4Lz bwmwq8N{˙/MsCm.
ryxi
e7uc8NJoMs6ymJz
e7uc8NJoMs6ymZm.
e7uc8NJ4Sz.
xzJm
kv6Os2
e7uzi4
e7u5txE4gx¬Ms`Q4vlx6gz
e7ucD8•6ymMsE9lz
e7ui4
µ8Nj5
/Zt5tZm,
eg3zE/sJi4
b=?
trPLA
e7ucD8•6ymMsE9lz.
e7ucDmoCm ≈t4?wu5 b=Kz xzJ4f8k e7¨hMs6Lz e7uc8NJoMsCm µ8N b=?
e7uc8NJ4Sz ej4yD8N6Szo. Ns÷k5 ej4y6ymPI6Sz u5tmbo1j5 Wzhw6ho6Lz
ej4y6ymPI6Sz x7m bsKz ≈t4?wj5 ej4yc5b6ymPI6Sz ej4yD8N6Sz. wcl1k5
bwm ej4yDm bwm©˜o6S6.
bmgmioV
Xix6: m3Dw6h6Lz u5tmbo1jx6ymJz xfr5goxCh4Lz, yK9o3u sW3zlxo3mbÅ6
stgw8N6Lz
bwv`Z5
bsKz,
cz5b6Lk4
yK9o6Ùacbs9lk4,
x3ÇAt9lA
izsDl8i4
çˆ3j5
is3DMs6ymZ8k4
m3Î1i4
x0pŒ`Q5©1i4
Wctco6Lz
u5tmbo1∆`Zs1uZ8k4
is3DJcMs6ymt8NA
nw7m6fy6bs9li
is3DJi5
bwm8NwMs6ymQK6
mgwC5tAÅ6, mwgwMs`QbK5 mgwzw8N©Zlx6.
ßmJEs6gcCw7m5 dFx˙bsDl/6X8iE?5V
Xix6: ∑9˜l4, µ8Nj5 ho dFx˙tQ/K5. sW5gD¬?4v5b. s?A9l W/Es6Lb sW5gD¬?4v5b sWQ9ltA5 dFx˙tQ?4XK5.
ckwos6X8i6Wy ßmJEs6gcCw7mV
Xix6:
xoxNwAhgw8N6LbsZlx6.
s?z
tAxK5
xoxNwAhMs`Q5gz.
54
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
wbi
N8kQs6t9lA
h7m5V
Xix6: v2WxhΩMs6gz sW3Ωf5 N8kZh1N`Qt9lA N8k1m5 Xøyxlw9l ci5gf¬o6Lt4.
hNs=?
bwmwbs0÷`Qt9lA.
c÷aiC6vs/C
ur5g6
xs9M6ymt9lb
WzJQ/sgx6Li
∫4fx
∫4fx
Wzhw8Nflw5
trÇ6bsMs6ym8i3mb
bw8N
s?A5
N5tChQx6ymt9lb. rai5t8i N8k1i3m5 Wzhw8Ns9lt4 xoxNwAhvstQMs6ym`Q5gz
N8k1i3m5
nS0pizi4
xoxNwQZlx6LA
bw4fxl
WNh1Nq7m
v2WxNDJ6fpo6Li
bwmwMs6S6.
WNh1N`Q8izk5 N8k1m5 ∫8N NkCst∫EN/6bClxy
W/sMs6ym¿V
Xix6: W/sMs6ymJ6 xro6bsMs6ymJ6 $))∫Mu4.
iezo WZlx6Lys4V
Xix6: ∑9˜l4, x4h5 w8Nw5 d÷vb1mb xoxNwAh4Lt4 v2WxND8•Ms6ymJ6.
eg3zt5 w=F9¬8•5 rhQs6t9lQ5 ˙3l x3NoxaiCo6bK9o
bm4fkzDJ4 giyQxcc5bMs6X5V
Xix6: ≈4vDl4, NlZ5bo bwmwMs6ym`Q5gA5. w˜4 bwm bw8N N8kQs3m5 w8Nw5
bw4fx
∫4fkz
®Ns/6∫flq8k5
isFs0/svb4Lt5
WtbscbMs6ymJ5
xtc6t5tJw8NDJw5.
w˜9orx6 iEF0JxDJ5gi dFxhDJ5gi w6vsm/clx`Ax6W5V
Xix6: w6vsm/cw8N6gz bwm`Z5 kbCst9lz dFxh[FsoÇz ie4nu4 k6vzt5t?Ms6ym8i3mb
dFxh[F1u
iE/sJ4ni4
bw4fx
w5g6S5.
g4gDJ1i4
g8ko1i4
iEF[Jx6tbsDJ4g5 cspc5bMs6ymJz.
w˜9orx6 √8N6gc6t9lA cspc5b3iƒF5V
Xix6: √1N6gu4 scD8N`Q5gz suxc6Lb cspmMsCm kbCsMsCmo xw=Fx6X4Lt4
wø8Ngw8N6Lt4. hNs=? sW3z4~ao6X5 xKz eu6ft4n[QDmj5. wø8Ngw8N6Lt4 xs/6
kå5t`QPLt4
W?Ms6ym1mb
bwm4v8i6.
raizA5
kå5tc5bMsClx3uJA5
√cbs7mE4Lz cspMs`Q5gz.
w˚y3u1i4 si4√5 — Bw3F Xix6
55
si4√6gx3Fsc5bMs6W5V
Xix6: rhu4 si4√6gxDlgw8N¨4V ∑9˜l4, b6vm ka0÷J8•6gxl4.
gnsm/3i4 si4√6gxu4 si4√6gxvw8ND8N6r5V
Xix6: ∑9˜¬Zlx6. bm4fxo bwmwosDtQ1uZ5tÅ5V
∫4fx wµ4 W0JtcC5b scsy3j5 giyc5bi6 ra¿5t8k5.
Xix6:
bw1N
bwv
xbsy6
si4√6gxD8N6yZ˜C3J4Li
si4√6gxi4
Wzhfl1i4
iWosE6vs1m5 w2X4n3l sx5tx3l m3D1i4 si4√6gxox¬Kz ryxi si4√6gxq8NChoD5b s9l6 Nwlx6gf¬1m5.
WNhxhDysMs6gu wo8ix6tMs3u1µtA5 wkw5
W6fyEc5b6bFiq8i4 moc5b6bFiq8i4 wMq8i ∫8N
gn3lx6∫lEMsC5t4f y6rt3i6 y6rt3iu4 gnsmÏ5V
Xix6: bw{hm scsyE6ƒpMs6bClxz y6rtChMs6Lt4 ryxi s4W3i3j5 WQxo6X4gFisiq8i4 gnsmJz.
ck6bs6 y6rt6V
Xix6: xyx`AEx6LA W6fyE/i s4Wi3j5 WQxΩCho6LA. y6rt6X4gi4 gnsmZlx6gzo xyx`AExoCu4 s4Wi3j5 WQx3ixoCu4 w˚yi xgD8•Ex6LA ckw0JtFii
bw4fx W5bwo0JtFii scsyEMs6bq5 w4fx w[lflc6X4gF•5 w3i9lt[¬8•5 bw4fx
tEAh4gu4 xtc6tbsMs3i6Lt4 bwmw8ixD8•Cu4 b=? s4W3i3j5 WQx3ixo6Lt4 wm8N
i3Jts2 rhf5tflxi4 bjx÷6Lt4 xy`AExCho6Lt4 bwm8N y6rt3iC6X4gF•5.
w5g~3Jx5 w5gEMs6bw5 si4√c5bMs6X bmgm u4~k5V
Xix6: si4√c5bMs`Q5g6 xˆN5t8i5 gnsmΩ6b8i4 sc6gz.
y6rt6g6 scsy6bE/sc5bMsE? s?5txD ˙3l yf∆ExoÇzu4V
Xix6: bw4fx cspm`Qb4vo bw4fx ryxi y6rt3iC3i6S5 w˚yi xgD8•Ex6LA
s4W3i3j5
WQxoCu4
bw4fx
tEAh4gu4
bw/s?Ms6g5
bwmw8ixD8•Cu4 xy`AExyZu4 y6rt6gu4 bw/wJF•5.
56
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
ckw5bwo?Ms6g5
ß5©tQlA WQxoDyc6Xi3mb xJE6hwpbco3m5 b=Kz ~Ω6gt4V
Xix6: W5bwoicMs6g9o s4W3i3u4 naQxoCu4 W5bwo/c3ixD8•Cu4 ∫8N WbbwoiEMs6bi emQx6LA s4W3i3j5 ~Qx6Lt4 W5bwoic6X1i3mb.
xˆNw5 y6rt6g•cbs8iCu si√D8N3i6XV
Xix6: ∑, csp8iCu bw8N xatK5 si4√6Li Wgw8Nsq2X4gFi6 bw8N iqs6S5
wk4g3i6Li Ni/s0JtcMs6ym1m5 cK`Qt9lA s?A5 raoE/sJA5 b=? bwm8Nw2SA5
iqsK5 wk4g3iFizk5 cKxt9lQ5 W3oC6t9lQ5 wk4g3iFizk5 s?A5 w˚KA5
Ni/sMs6Li w5g5b w5g4~3Jx2 Wymo3i3mA kox6∫E8i3mAw˜4 w3i6∫3i6Lt4 bw8N
w3i∫Fiz4 s?A5 x∫bQMs6LtA5 yK9o6ÙaJ6 bw{hm wk4g6©2 eg`Z6∫q8i4 w˜4
yKizi
egz6∫6XMsClx6Li
cKxcbsMs6Lt4
bw{hmi
w5g4~3Jx¨o6Li
eg3z6∫3m5 yK9o6Ù6 s?A5 x∫bQMsC5tA5 b=?oÅ6 s4W3i3u4 WQxDmymo6t9lA
s4WDh1ixfl1i3mb mo4n3ixfl1iC5tA5 Wgw8Nsq5gf¬o3mbÅ6 w[lFZ6∫6Lt4 b=?i
yi4Lt4 ∫8N xatK5 gn6LiÅ6 b6√z5 ∫8N swi x4vµ3mA ∫{hm iqs5b “x4√4
wyDm¬8•5
∫4fxÅ6
wy`Q4fm¬8•5.”
h3C4ymNt4
s4fwom`Q5tx6Li
bwm
˙cw7mÅ6
yM¨PLi
“wyDm9li
wyd9lis4
bv8Nl
wy`Q4fm¬8•5”
x8kÇfliÅ6
s4fx6ym9li
b=?
vbz5
wyd9lisÅ5
xryE/q5
s4fx6ym9li
˙cw7m
bwmÅ6
xt0pFc6X1mb xt0pFq5 w4Wx3J1j5 x8kÇDlq5 xs/6yst8NJq5 c9lˆ6b8NJw5 bwm
N4nc5bw8N6Li0J4
hNs=?Å6
bw4fx
xtPIW1i6LiQ5
bv˚N
vbzA5
x/4Lis4
wyMs6ym1m5 Wgw8N`Q5g9˜¬9lt4 b=?Å6 bwmwMs6Li ∫8NÅ6 w5g6S5 y6rtDmo3m5
xaNhQxyJ5 y6rtDt4nui4 wm8NÅ6 msoEx6gkfx x[l4f5 WNh4g5 xs9MMsvgw8N6LtÅ6 tr2S5 N5t6ymo‰6g5 y6rtstQix6bui4 bwm8N bjx÷6Lt4 iezi4 rhzi4
ß7mtzi[lrx6 bwm8N wo6fyE/Clxt4 xy`AEx6LA s4Wi3j5 ~Qxo6Lt4 bwm8N
y6rt3iC6X1i3mb.
∫8No iqsE/F•6vw bw8N wk4g6gFi6 rNu xtc3i6XV
Xix6: bwm ttC6bsymZlx6S6 xbA5∫l1u4 xtcMs6g6 x0p`Axzi4 bfymA{y
wm8Nw5gc6Li bµi x0p`Axc6X4f{y x0p`Axc6g4nsKy¬8•5 w5gFiC bw8N w[lxi4
wpc`QPLi wpz c5t6ƒpxl4Li.
w˚y3u1i4 si4√5 — Bw3F Xix6
57
∫8N xbA4∫l ix∂y6ymc5b6gF•6V
Xix6: w˜4 ix∂y6ym`Q5g6 csÎtc6g6 nFC/Dl1u4 e9o6n6ymJDl1u4 bwmw5gcw8N6g6 h6fwhoMsCm bwmw5gcMs6Li.
gnsmW9Mb3uZm wk4g6gF•8 NlNw4fy6ym/Excc5b6gFisQxq8i ∫8Ncw ho?V bwµcw bwmw5©i3ukNw
bwmw5gcw8NPIMs6XV
Xix6:
mfxgw8Nw5
xa†9¬8•5
eM4LA
wMq5
xgc5b3imb
bw8No
msz
bwm8Nw5gi4
k/qb
msN
wlxÅΩ6Li
d2W‰4ftc6X4Lt4
wƒN
wyEstc6Li
Ne5b6gfl1u4 Wsnstz k/6ystz.
cspm`QMA9o s?zoV
Xix6: W5bwoiq5tA5 Wgw8N`Q8iCwK5 x0psq5gu4 W6fycZM4gF•5bs6 ˙cw7m
∫8N
xiAZ4ns`Q5gxl1u
wk4gvbPIgx3iCu
xiAw1m5
xa/sJFi6.
wk1u4
bwm
iEMs3i`Q4fi
gdixMsClx3m5
x1mJc÷`Q5g4f9¬8•5
x8kÇ6bc`QPLQ5
yMjx6xLQ5 x8kÇDlqb xryE/q5 bm8N NlN6g6 w1ui4 xsM`Qbz whmui4
bwmwo`Q5g6 bm8Nl vmN6g6bs6.
yi4hi bwµ xigw8N6g6V
Xix6: ∑a6ƒpJ6. s?A5 s?5t8i[o ˙3l yi4Li xryDlq5 WEtym`Q7mb b6√`ZΩÎ6
hNs=?Å
x8kÇDl1i4
w4®Dl1u
c9lˆ6bDlw5
xtPIW1i6LiQ5
“wyDµ¬8•5
wy`Q4fm¬8•5” wyd`Q2XA xysix6Li wyd1mA wyoMs6ymJ6 bwµcw N[o4bsJ5
N[o4bsc5b6g5
b=?
yKo4v
b=?
w5gEiC6bC
bwmw5gc6√t8NA
iqs6
s=¿
xg6yymiDlx x0pc`QM6.
w5gw4rx3zw ck6 wπ6gFis1m5V
Xix6: bwmwq8N3ifFicw. w3ixaJFiÎ6 bwm8N.
bwm ck6 s0pE`Qvs6g3uZ4f scvs8iCF5 N9o5bsJ6V
Xix6:
w,
N[o4bsJ6.
xysDJ4g5
N[o4bsiC6bs9lt4
cspym`Q5txCm.
58
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
scsy6bcs3i3mb
s?z
x7m5bs gryC∫`QN4foxy5 xo0pF.
Xix6:
x9o0pF4
gryix6bw5,
w[l∫C5b
e7uc6Lb
w[lFZ6∫Çz5b.
w[lu
w[loxaJj5 wy3ix`Q5g5 b4rsz wo9lQ5 ∫8N x9o0pF1usbs[Å6 ∫8N s∂b6ymJDl4
wo0pFQ?K5 docq5g6 x9o0pF1u4 bw9ltA doym4X bwm8N scC/6Li.
∫4fx euk5 W/s0/w6ymNh4g5V
Xix6: W/s0/w6ymNh4LQ5 x4LˆK5 eu6ft4nK5 ho µ8Nj5 e7¨5 wW6ymix`Qt9lQ5
µ8Nj5
ho
xgD8N6bK5
w[lFZs2
r[ozi4
x4gxo6Li
b[Kz
w[lFZ3j5
m8N
w[lFZsli b[Kz WQx3lA b[Kz bwm8Nw5g8N6gDl4 sy5b ˆ7mQlxEx6bq8i4
ur2Xb ur5gf¬A8N6LQ5 xqJ4v8isi6X5 xqˆ4v8iD8N6LA ∫8N x9o0pF1u bw/K5
∫8N y6rt3i6 gry/s5txq4vlx6LiV
wˆ gryxXl5bClxC ∫8N ryxi gry`QbC vmNDJ8iC6vsZFs4V
wonW: ∑, bw8N bw8NgxDl[o bwm8NwymJ6 w7mç w˚tbsymi3j9lw8N bwmw2X5
gryym`Q7u/C bwmw5gFisizi4 gnsmZlx6LA gryym`Q7u/C.
∫4fxo w5g4fy x`AtJx¬Zlx3mb ˙cw7m
W5bwlAysc5b6gFi3k5V
wonW: ∑˜mExl4 bw4fx7m‰9o wMQ/q5 bw4fx¬8•5 iqsK5 w[lfl4∫6Lt4 ryxi
eg3zc6X4gF•5
bw4fx
x`AtJxlw5
y6rt6ymo6t9lQ5
bwm8Nw5©o6g5
w˜4
scsyE/4v
mfx
xˆNK5
eg3z6∫6X9oxo6g5
bwm8Nw`Q5g5
y6rt6ymo6t9lQ5
w[lui b=?i eg3qs6tbso6Lt4 bw8N W5bwoixl4 b=?i w[lu w3iix`Q7m5 yM4f5
w[lflos6LA b4rxi e7uDl4g8 ∫?8N n3ox6to6LA bw4fx W5bwoMs3i6S5.
∫8N w3isFQix6bzi w[lo/sc5b6gFi6V
wonW: w3iFQix6bz• w3isqPLi w˜ w3iFQix6bzi w[lc6tbs?4gF•8, ∑.
xs/4f9orx6 gnsmF5 gWc6tbsc5b6gF•6vwV
wonW: bwm8N5bs6 ryxi6 b=?i gWE/sJu W/Exc`Q7m5 W5bwoifj5.
w˚y3u1i4 si4√5 — Bw3F Xix6
59
w8N y6rt6g6 y6vt6gi4 scChx6v y6vt6g6
csyo6tbsJ6V
wonW:
≈4v,
bwmwo1QPLt[l
bw4fx
mo4n6g5
y6rt6g5
xyx`AExgw8N6g5
¿6tbslts1Q5g6.
∫8N scsyz grc9ME5©Zlx6 xbsy3u4V
wonW: ≈4v, kN¨4f5b ˙3l kN¨2SA5. sk`ZsA5bo y[/jxD5b y6r2SA5. bwm8N5bs6
w˚ygc6t4 em4vu0J4 ˙3l y6r5g5 x6ft5tx?1jx6g5 yf x6ft5tx?s1m5 µ8N
x6f9os3i6Li
wlx3i6njx6SA5
w˚yE6vs/i
em4LA
˙3l
xyxkx6Li
bwm8N
grc6gFisJ4nsJ6 y6rt3iC6g6.
~Qx6g9ø x0pQ`Q5tx6bΩV
wonW:
~Qx6©Zlx6
∫8N
xy0pc5b6gFi9M5∫5
scsy6bE`Q7u1m0J[o
xy0p9M5∫c5b6gFixlw5
WQxo~6Lt4
∑
~Qx6©Zlx8
xz4fx¬ZlxCu4
xz4ƒ0Jti
n4f∫lQ9lQ5 bm4fx ckwos3ii xz4ƒii W5bwoixli emQx6LA bwµ4 y6rt3i6
xy`AExCu grc`Ax6g6.
∫4fx N9oQ`Ax˙EZ4r5 xz4fw5 w4fxrx6 xzJ6√E/s?8iClx3mb
xz4fw5 s2WChxo6t9lQ5 w4fxrx5 x4hDvw8N3i6S5
wonW: ≈4vw, d/oMs3uJxlw9oÅ3q4fx wl3E÷3i6nso3i3uk5 cspNhlxExcD8•Cu4
t9ø8ˆlQxcD8•Cu4
W9ME4gx¬9lt4
˙3l
sN
i`Zsym÷li
sc9M[FQΩo3lt[l
x3Nscti¬8•5 xvsi6nsizA5 d/oJx¬oM6ymJ5 bw4fxo si4√c5b6©5. kN5t8i
bwm8N WymJ5 xJ6no6Ù9o3lt4 W8iq5g5 bwµ4 N5tChxExCuÅ6 N5t6gcvs6g6Li
wm8N
xvsˆ6yy√M4gF•5
urZD¬Zlx6X5
iEA8No6Li
dFxh1i6n9˜¬o6gF•5
tazi[¬Å6 ß7mtzi[l ieflxi[l s6h3l wm8N ur5gf¬9lQ5 f7jisi`Ax6ƒp9lt4
˙cw7m
bjxւ3J4Lt4
∫4fx
y6rt6ƒpJ5
WQx6t2X4LiQ5
sfx
gngw8N6LQ5
W`Ah4tbs˙F•5 ci3uk5 WAuN6gi4 ≈6r4bgw8Nf¬Ms1Q7uJ[Å6 wMq[Å6 wpC6glx9M6ƒpMs6g5 WZ˜4gF•5 czv9Mso6t9lA W5bwoMs6bClxui4 xg3i3l4X4r9lt4
wMq[Å6
bm4fx
W5bwolx6ƒpc5b3ifxlw5
w[lΩzk[Å6
Åtj5
s4WDh1i6∫5t-
x?/oE9lt4 bm4fxÅ6 W5bwo3iu4 ckzno6X4g5 x7m ≈6r5tx1Q8i6ns6ƒp9lt4 nrmo
si√z bwmwozJ6.
60
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
xW6fy5nc5tx6ƒpA8•Cm w=F5 si4√Dm/zi4 w˜ rr5t6ƒpQA5tA5
si4√vw8NE5
wonW: xW6ftsJk9o kå5t/‰3uZm bw4fx bwm si4√ZM1ix6X4v wm8Nw5gF•5
xyq8i4
gnsm/clx1Q8Nm
bw8No
sc4v8iDm6ƒpPI6XC
sNsizi4
wk4g6g6
wkxl1u iEJ6 s0p3N8i6Ù6 s?5t8k5 wk1u iEJcExc6ƒp`Q7m5 wkxl1u iE9li
swui[Å
eg3zui[l
eg3zE`Qbz5
iecMs6gFi6
bw8N
bw{hmi
iEcyst9li0J4
W3o6Lt4
wMz5
bwmw4vxlx6t9lA
XXgw8N6Li0J4
˙3l
wkxl1u4
iEMs6ym0÷q8Nm wm8NwoMsClxD5b yKi4n6 NlN3m5 b=?4n©o6X5 wm8Nw5g8N3uJA5
bw8N
W/Exc6bui4
Ni/sPIgx3iCu
xg6gx¬o6gFi6bs6
ra¿v9˜lQ/q5
eg3qs6g4v8ix¬oMs6g6
ra¿v9˜lQ÷tA5
bwm8NwMs`Q2X5
s?A9o
Wbc3is/`Q5gD¬Zlx6Lb x7ml w˚y3u4 x8iDh5tx6gu4 bfFQJ8N6bK5 s?5t8i4
w˚J8•Dmc5boCb
gdnDm9lb
eunDm9lb
ckw5gm9lb
xoxNw`Qlxo3m5
bw8No
bf`Ax6LA xoxNw`Q5gx¬8i6S3o srsoµÇl4 cu`Û6g¨PLi x7ml swui4 swQ/y
whmQ`Ax3lQ5
iEFQ9li0J4
eunst4nc6g5ns8iEK6
gdgw8No3i3m5
bw8N
eg3zfl4
x4Lˆ6bc3m5
w1ui
iEFQ9lA
w˚y3ui
d/ˆDi
b=?rx6
xoxNw`Q5gx¬K6
x8iDh5txq8N6gFˆl4
wkx¬Zlx6t9lQ5
cimj8
cKcbsgw8NC/6Li
w˚ymizi wk4g6Li s?A5 b=? bf4nscbsKA5 kN6X4ym9ltq4fx √4gx¬o3i3mb
eg3zwMs6LiÅ6 bw8N iqsFix hDyfl1u4 gdJcMs6Li eg3zzi4 ∫8NÅ6
emAm`Qs/6LA
eg3qEifj5
bµ•q8NDJ4gx¬o3iCu4
g4gi5
em4bsix6gDl1j5
X1N wMz em4bsc5b3m5 bwmo em[lÅ8•5 sk`ZExMs3iDt4 y[/j5 swzb whmz
mo9lA
W3DlzixMs6g4nsiq5©Zlx5
N[oAhlxj5
gdzJfl1u4
bwm8N
emAm`Qs/6LA
kN
x3Ns9lb
NMs5tA8•˙a1uJA5
kNQ/si3j5
xs9˜3i3j9l
xa†5
b7mq8i6ns˙a1mb whm4rsNh4t9lb w8N x3Ns9lb xJ`Q5gx¬Zlx6gA5 Ns4f5
bmsN yMw8i6ns˙a1uZ5b.
∫8N si4√6gxvw8ND4 x`QoJFi6V
Xix6:
si4√6gxvw8N3ix6XC
bw4fxÅ6
kNø5
ckw`Q8Nu4
xaNhc5b6Lt4
xw=?4LtÅ6 tr7mb swzÅ6 x3Ns2 wvJ6t4nc5txqPLi mJx6tENh4g6 wvJCho3i6Lis4 eg3z4nflco3i6LiÅ6 bwm8N x6r4gfl1u ur5gj5 b=?oÅ6 xrC6X4Lt4
ieu4 x4hD8NJ4Licw bwm8NÅ6 xiJcDJ6ƒp1m5 xsˆoChQ9li¬8•5 whmZlx6Li
gW3uk5
mJx6Li
gk5txzkx6LiÅ6
dwNh4Li
cspNhoCu
bwm8NÅ
ur5gfl4
kbC4nflZlxz xi8i6Lis4 ≈6r4gf¬Zlx6Li urlx6gf¬Zlx6Li b=?Å6 W9li
~5gZfl1j5
b=Kz6tPLis4
swuk5
scEx6gvnMsClx6Li
w˚y3u1i4 si4√5 — Bw3F Xix6
woCQoCus4
gW3uk5
61
wy6Li ~5gZiÅ6 w[otcCu4 ∫8N wMz m4W6LA gxXs1m5 bmsN wt6yx3J4LA
ur5g9Mf¬1m5
˙cw7m
wvJEx4v8i6Lis4
s6gx¬o3mb
b=Kz
ns9lA
scstqbw8N6LA
xaJ8Nw9oJx¬8i3mb
˚5b5txD8•6Lt[¬8•5
wm8N
ßmJr5g6ys6gx¬o3mb
xz4f6bc3i6Li
W0JtcEx4nzi4
∫8N
w3ixfli
woCQo6vs/i
scsyE`Qbw8N6LA.
b=?oÅ6
ßmJc`Q5g6y-
rh5g8NwoJx¬1mb
xhw9˜Å6
kN6vtŒ`Q5g5
bw4fNiÅ6
xz4ƒM5∫6Li
xz4f3uA5
st6tPLA
bm3uDJw8Nw5
kN6vtQ`Qbq8i
m4f5©9li
nWoDJ1ifj5
bwmw5©o3mb
m4f4gu4
w8N9˜¬`Q5gu4
w8NsoClx6Li
cspNhD¬/6ymPIo6S6
xhw9˜Å6
bw8NÅ6
b=?
r˙2
csp÷lQ1mA
bw8N bwm8Nwos6gFi6 bwfz c/3j5 is3D9li ∫4fkz ∫4fxÅ6 bwm8Nwo6gF•5
∫8N
x3N6
swŒ4
˙cw7m
x4h`A6gu4
eg3zw3i6Lt4
∫8NÅ6
swDlx
iWi4
ci4nDm`Q7m5 bsN xr9ostx3J4Lt4 gWco3i6Lt4 b=?Å6 ∫8N cspNh4g6 xz4f6
tr8Nu ∫4fx vtm÷3i6nDJw5 g„5 vtti6LiQ5 rhu4 xJDt4ns÷6gu4 sc6t8Nh4LiQ5
sc9M4Lt4 bw4fx scsyi scsyc3i3mb xJDt4nsN/6gi4 xixPLt4 bw4fx yK9o5
bwm8N Ws`Q8•/6ƒπ/Ch4Lt4 xix5gi4 scsyc3imb ∫4fxÅ6 xix5ttymMs6LiQ5
∫4fxoÅ6 bwµ6Xw5 wfxÅ6 bwm bw4fx ∫8Nl w3i3l4gFi6 w8Nso6g6 ∫4fxÅ6
sX4LiQ4 b=KzÅ6 wy6Li ∫8NÅ6 x3N6 scst¿ W0JbsPICF[Å6 xq0pymPICF[Å6
w[oyF[Å6 b=? x∫i nsymK6 w7m bwmwozJ8•6S6 w[oyF[Å6 b=? x∫i w7m
n=FPI6S6
ck6
koxzbÅ6
woCQo6Lis4
whmw6yym8iCucw
≈Exz
tA9lA
Xt4Lis4
sc`Qbw8NMsCu
w3io‰i4
eg3zw6ymifj5
“woCN3mkN”
woCN3mkN
b=?Å6
∫8N
swDli
si4√yK6
n=FPI6S6
woCN3iC6LA
bw{huz
bw8N
bwm8Nwos3iE9lis si4√6LA trt9lAÅ6 wvJCh4Li xiJcDJ6ƒp1m5 csp/6g6Lis4
bwm8NÅ6
xe5gf¬9o
sc`Qbw8NMsCus4
sc6t8Nh6vs/uk5
ur5gfl4
sc6ym`Q5g6
hoÅ6
w3ixEMs6ym/z
bwmÅ6
∫8NÅ6
scsy4ncD8•6S6
sc4v8i6t8NhMs6LiQ5
b=?Å6
woCQZus4
bvkzÅ6
st6Li
scsy4ncD8•6S5
bwm
c/6g6Li trymgw8NCu xq3Cs9li s8kv8io6t9lAÅ6 iWoÎE8N gn6nsymPIo6S6
yf7mfx w5g©a/˙a1mb hNs=?Å6 yf iWoÎ6 gn6nsym9li s8kx`A6Li s9˜4f[Å6
yfxlÅ6 bmsz tr5gFi6 c3D5g9lÅ3q4fx. xwÏ5 c3D8iCC5tA5 xwÏ5 i9oxt9lQ5
c3D5g9lÎq4fx gn6nsc5b6Xo6Lt4 cs7m1ix6guÅ6 xfiAh7mEo6g5 xw=FeNhAmJ5
b=?oÅ6 xw=FeZu4 xw=¿1mb bwm`Z9l √4v8iD8•6Lt4. NloDJ4v4f.
d/8N¨4 ∫4fx ttC9˜Jx¬c5bvw8NC5b gnEs6bt8i scsy3i4.
Xix6: ∑9˜l ∫{hm GwonWs2H rsJ8N3ix3u÷lq5.
62
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
sN x4h`A6g6 ck6 grc3m5V
Xix6: ∑, Ù3a6gf¬J8•6g6 Whvbo~6©q5g6 wm8N xqo6g6 w˜4.
∫8Norx6 scC∫6bw5 n=FPI6ÙV
Xix6: nF4, sN w6y~yQx6g6 nF1j5 n=FPI6S6 ∫{hjz nF4 tA9lis4 ∫[hjz
w6y~yQx6g6 sc6gj5 koxzl bwm8N scExc`Q7m5 ≈4vsAlx6 gryym`Q8ifj9l
whmj9¬J4nsJ6
kNo1i
bwm8N
xqXlo6gu4
gWccbs`Qo6g6
bsKz
eg3zw/6ym8i3m5
iWi4
eg3qEifj[Å6
g~lxDm`Qj5
nixk5
s?i
gW6ymo6g6
ck3lÅ6 bwm.
xix5gi4 scsyc3iC6vsZF5.
wonW:
∑,
xix5g5
mun3iCc5b3mb
Ws`Q8iE/ui4
scCh4Lt4
bw{hmi
Ws`Q8•/3MZh4g5 ckznstFi3ui[¬8•5 sc6tbst9lQ5 xix5g[Å6 bwm8N bw4fx
scsyc3i3mb xix5g5 wm8N Wsy¿9oDm9li Ws`Q8iE/i scsyE9lA.
s4WChxoMs6t8NQ9o bwmwosc5b6gFix¬7uJ5V
wonW: bwm`Z5 bwmwos6gxlw5. w8Nq8i4 scs0/s?1i3mb NlNw9MEc5bd/s9lt4
xixEd/s`QPLt[l Wi3lZ6bui4 n6®c5bd/sq8Ns/6gxlw5 Wi3¬tFit4 bm4fx
ckw8iFit4 scsyE9lQ5 xiPLQ5.
˙3l b=? urZ6g6bwoAm urZ6g6gFis8iDm scC/6SzV
wonW: ∑ bwm8N Wi3l4X1i3ui4 ∫8N eg3zflx W[ZN6g4ƒClxDi WJ8No3m5 bm4fxl
W5bwo0Jt5 W5bwo/ExcClx6LQ5 W5bwo`Q8Nh4gF•5 ryxi sc3li sc9M4tbsli
bwµ4 bw4fx xix5gu4 scsy6bc3i3mb.
ck6 slEx6~6bs6ƒp?Ms6X6vw xix`Q4fF5 w˚J8•6gx¬AF5
wmw5gcDµ6g6V
wonW: wm8N w˜4 WymNhQ`QPIClxD4®5 wmwc5b3ixqMt5 wmwogw8NExcCF5 ˙3l
Wd/s`Q5gu4 Wym/3i4 sc6X1ix6Sy s8•5 woChxl4vlxD{y w˚y6 wm8Nw5©1m5
rWtgw8NExcCFs4-M/s?4gF•5.
w˚y3u1i4 si4√5 — Bw3F Xix6
63
sN gry5yx6vs`QN4f sN x3Nlv6 w3i7µ5 wpC6g3i3z5 w˜4V
Xix6: w˜4 wpC6g3lis`QMsClx6Li woCQj5, ∑ sc`Qbw8NCu wpC6go6g6.
w˜ sc`Q7m5 b=?o √o6gFˆ¬?5 ∫4fxV
Xix6: ∑ xJ6no6gFˆlw5.
xz4ƒ9o csp/Fiq5V
Xix6:
∑
sc`Qbw8N3ifzk5
bwmw5bExc`QPLi
√o7mE4gFis1mb
NlN6yMsfl1u1m5.
64
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
∫8No
ns9l Nvh4
x0pos6b6: KwgE4 lAÇ8-j5
xW6gh6†5: ˆ8y rn x7ml K•{ ƒ©
gnπ: soWv wr9lx6
Nu x7m cz w˚8i6r5V
ns9l: !(@^. s7mN3Jx3u.
r4f8i xqJ6√cMs6ymF5V
ns9l: øtxu9l NsJ7u9l.
xqJ6√EMs6ym÷4r4 Nu w˚Ms6ym7mt4V
ns9l: cspm`QbCo x∫bm xˆNzb w˚Fuiz bµiusa8iq7m5 r`Z3usuis?9Mw7m5
cspm`QbC Nu w˚8iExz.
c5ti4 eg3zcCF5V
ns9l: !@-i4 w3iymJz.
r4ƒ7mb eg3zt5V
ns9l: Mwu xqJ5t6Ù6, xqJ5t6Ùz gdz7u7m5 bwm Mwu xqJt6Ù6, ∆yy,
/wfWl, søXl, øtx, ÷•o, πM, nwMy ∫4fx w˚J5, tAxcClx6gz Wzhi4.
w˚y3u1i4 si4√5 — ns9l Nvh4
65
r4ƒ?5V
ns9l: ¨vw, ∑?, „b.
czo X8i6©∆Ms6ymF5V
ns9l: !(*$-at9lA.
Nu kNcc5b3iCF5 hDys9lt5V
ns9l:
e7u6˙u
cspMs6gz,
WDMs6gz
e7u6˙u
w7mç.
eWn∆Ms6ymJA5
e7u6˙¨8Ω6gb xyxi4 kNcMsE9lb.
Nu kNcMs6ryV
ns9l: wt9oxF7u kNcMs6gb eWn∆Ms6ymJA5.
hDyst9lt5 rh xoxNwQc5bMs6rs4V
ns9l: et8i6, x{hxl4 et5gb xoxNwAh2XJJA5, xNs9lb b=? dFxQi6ÙEym/C.
e5t4 r˙7m5V
ns9l: bwµ4 yMu W`Ax6gb xmÎ/6 ehD¬/6.
w˚Ms6ymF5 c9lˆco6t9lAV
ns9l: ∑ x∫bcMs6gz c9lˆu4.
rNs7mΩ5 cspmFs4 x∫bw5 bw8N c9lˆ6V
ns9l: /wn8 x∫bm, x∫buiz, y4√tuicw.
m4fgt5 w6vNw/Ms6ymF5V
ns9l: ryxi X8i6©¨oC5b w6vNw/oMs6ymJz u6hi3j5.
xqJ6√EMs6ym/F5 xqJ6√uiq8i4 cspmF5V
ns9l: ∑ f9lD6©u4 xNNZ x∫bcJJ6 bsao6g6 oxu4 xˆNc6gi. x∫bZ /wn8u4
x∫bcJJ6 yfox3u4 xˆNc6gi.
66
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
rhgw8N3u4 w=F5 si√Dm/z4i si4√D8N6gt5.
ns9l: xWh6bsAmJz.
hDys9ly W`Axc5b3iC{y et8i3u4 x7m xNs9l¥V
ns9l: ∑
wkQxc5bi6ryV
ns9l:
wkoµq9l
e7u6˙2
hDyoµq5
xbqc5bJJ5.
wµ9o
hDyZM5bc6XJq7mb
sx5txD, µ8Ntg5 hDycc5b6XJq7mb wµ9o eg3qs6XJ`Q7mb x3CAbµ5 µ8N ryxio
bwm5©o3zb.
xWEvw8N3MQ5 w˚Fu•5 !(@#-a5b3z5 b6rz czs8i3mΩ5
h6fwQFs4V
ns9l:
w˜4,
µ5yu
w˚Fc6tbsiC
w˚C∫6t9lz
sW3Ω4f5.
xw2XDlZÅ6
ju{y/symΩ6gA
b=?is`Q5g6
scs0/symJz
swm
ryxi
w˚ymJz
w˚Fz
yˆoymJ5
w˚FZl
ˆnstc`Q5g6.
tr5gu•5
b7m6bsym7mt4.
ˆnst
s9lzi4
ttC6ymJc`Q5gxl4.
czo N9ost˙aFV
ns9l: µ5yu N9ost`Axc5b6gz ˆnstc`Q5gxl4.
czo yˆoymJ5 tr8i3zbV
ns9l: cspmt8Nz yˆoymJ5 h6fwho6t8Nz, h6fwhMs6t8Nz w˚JuisZlx6gzÅ6
yˆoymJ5 tr5gu•5 w˚C∫6t9lz.
hc5bi3zbV
ns9l: x3?Zhx6t9lQ, tr5gu•5 w˚Cb6t9lz, yˆoiC6bs˙a?8i3mb x3?Zhx6t9lQ5.
wµ4 g?c3ixlxi x3?Zhxc5bi3zb.
rh g?6V
ns9l: m8N yf, yfox¬t9lA g?o5∫Cm w˚Zm. W6y6gx¬c5bt9lA. w˜4 X8i6©Î6
xbsy3u4
Xøyc6t9lA
w˚JuisJz.
w˜4
XøyÅ6
Nox8k5
w˚y3u1i4 si4√5 — ns9l Nvh4
ß7mN3Jx∆6X4r9li
67
X8i6©j9l w˚JuisJz, bw{hmÅ6 x9˜5 dFxQ8iÇz Xøys2 w˚Zm, c9lˆ5t8i
dFxq8iÇz. cs0ptQMs6b4v eW4 WD6n9lz.
c5ts9lt9o u6hEs6no3iCF5V
ns9l:
c5tsMs6gzrx
h6fwhq5gz
ex/5gzo
u6hEs3iCm
u6hEs6guisJz
hDyx¬9lz
u6hEs6ymJz
u6h6bC
Wsq5bCw7m5.
W/Es{n9lz
bmguz
W/{nE7mA xˆNm bf8Nc5b6gz.
wo8ixExMs6ymÏ5V
ns9l: wo8ixExMs6ymq5gz w˚Zm.
w=F5 xqJ6√q8i5 swi5tbsMs6ymF5V
ns9l: ryxi w5gui3m f9lD6©2 xqstQymÛz.
c5ts9lt5V
ns9l: c5ts/Ex{n6 h6fwhq5gz, nˆi4 w¬8Nq8i4 WJ8NoCm swi5tbsymJz
bwµq8N9ME4 ryxio bwµ9MEfl4 swi5tbsMs6ymJz ryxio nNJ8N9ME5g5 xati5
Wd/s˙a7mb.
czst9lAV
ns9l: !(*$-at9lAcw bwf`ZJZ5b b=?nw8N6 srsgx3z5 w˜4, srx{~ao6g6
b=?nw8N6 WcbsoMs6ymJz, WcbstbsoMs6ymJz.
bwm`Z5 Wcbsq8N6r5V
ns9l: ≈[Z µ8N WcbsA8•gz, bw{hmi w8N vNÔc5bJJDl4 bw8Nst9lA ryxio
WcbstbsMs6ymJz.
!(*$-aMs6t8NA N¨c5b3iCF5V
ns9l: eWnusaMs6gz. eWnu kNcMsC5b.
kNoC˜agcs/6g¥V
ns9l: ∑-JZ5b x∫bK bwfz3z5 ryxio moMs6ymJA5, bwfzMs6gb srsgx3z5
w˚A8•Ms6ymJ6.
68
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
w4fxo eg3zt5 wo8ixExc5bi`Q˜5V
ns9l: ∫4fx ryxi yK9ø5, nwMy bwm kv6t6ÙdtQZ4f ∫4fx N/`Axq5 m3Î4 kvzl
b=?
kv`Axzl
wo8ix6ggxaymJ5
nwMyo
bwf`ZJZ5b
kv6t6ÙdtZ
wo8ixvw8NZ˜gw8N6gui6 w6vNw/wN6ƒdpJ6.
ck3o W`AxDycc5bMs6ymFy m4f5©9lyV
ns9l: bm4fx w9lax3i4f5, w9lr∫3i4f5 rhDl÷lw5 W`AxDtQc5bJ/K5 bwmw2XJKA5.
sc6vsZlxCF5 W`AxDtQc5bMs6ym/y w9lr∫3i6V
wANs/`Ax3i6 ∫4fx...
ns9l: ∑. ∫4fx xbq6ym/K5 w9l`Ax3i4f5, w9l`Ax6gi wµ4 xoxNw9ME2XJJ6
eg3z`Ax6gi xµ6gx6gil, e7u˜fl8i9l.
x/Çc5bMs6ymJy5bs3zwV
ns9l: ∑, x/Çc5bMs6ymJQKA9o. w˚/6 b=? dFxQi6ÙEym/4v w˚/Exz x{hxl4
xoxNwQMs6ym/4v ho WymJz w˚/s2 ixd`Axuiz ©Û6.
s9loµ6 W`Ax6X8i6ryV
ns9l:
≈[Zw
xˆN5t8i
Wp5tExc6XJZ5b,
s9loµ6
W`Ax6XJ`Q7uJA5
xˆNs2
W/{nw5 W/Exc2XJ7mb.
W/{nEc5bMs6ym/y ckV
ns9l:
mfx
iM5bEx3i4f5,
s6n4f5,
eg7mnwi4f5
bm0/o
WÎtQMsC4r5
ek9lz
c7mcw8NMsC5b
xˆNF9o xqJ6√q5 r4ƒi3zbV
ns9l: bsao6g øtxu4 xˆNcJJ6. bsao6g øtx ¿6tbs0JtQJ/z. xqJ5t6ÙdtZ
øtxu4 xtcJJ6 xˆNm ¿tbs0Jtuizi4 x5tCstQ7mA bwmwc5bJ7mbo sx5txD.
¿tbs0JtQMs6ym/z øtxV
ns9l: ∑. xˆNzb xˆNm xtEJ÷ xqJ5t6ÙdtQ7mA bwmw2XJ7mb x5tCst?J7mb
bwmwc5bJJ5 wk8i4 ¿6t5t?5gi4 cs0ptcMsCm glZ3Jxf8i4 vtt5t?5gi9l.
w˚y3u1i4 si4√5 — ns9l Nvh4
69
bw8N glZ3Jx6 X8i6©usui6V
ns9l: e7u6˙usaMs6g6 ßmN3Jxusui6 e7u6˙u cspMs6bC w˜4 h6fwhoMs6gz.
ck6 xJE6hwps8i3z5 wo8ix6tbuicw xJE6hwpj5V
ns9l: sc7ms2. bw4fx Ns9M4f5, r9˜W4f5 bwm wo8ix6tbuiq5 bfMs6ym/w8N4v.
r4f[Å6 wo8ix6tbuiq5V
ns9l: r9˜W4, xˆNF6vw xzQMs6bz.
r9˜W4 x7ml glZ3Jx6V
ns9l: ∑, Ns9M3l.
∫8N glZ3Jx6 xfi X8i6©¨5guis? w˜4 ßmN3Jx3uV
ns9l: ∑, e7u6˙ucw w˚A8•Ms6ymJ6 xfixl4 bsNi cspMs6bC hDys9lz
WD{nMs6gz
xJE6hwpQMs6bK5.
„bu4
¿tbs0Jtc8i3z5
b=?
∫4fx
„bsK5
w3abq5 µfys2 eg3zq5.
bm0/ ra¿q5 WDo6gw5.
ns9l: ∑, m0/, m0/.
xh wMŒf¬Jy bfo4r5.
ns9l: sN x`ZflZ ∑N w9lfl7m N7ui3m eg3zz, sN kxflZ mwN xˆNF5 Nvz
w8N kv3m eg3zz.
∑N: xˆNw iqsCl Nv‰Ms6©4V
ns9l: ∑, xqJ6t6Ùu4 xˆNc6gz, xqJ6t6ÙaJJu4.
rNj5 wo5tbs8iCF5 woMs6ymF5 scoµEx6 wk5tg5V
ns9l:
∑,
s?8i4
bwµ4
bf8ˆ6gz
tt6vi4,
tt6vi9o
ryxio
W?J7mb
sçMstcq8Nu4 kNo5. xtq8i4 scoµ6X5gz bwµ4 woymJz w˚pzJi4, w˜4
wk5tg5,
70
w˚pzJi4
scsyc6XJJA5
w˚pziC6bs?JJ5
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
bw4fx
c9lˆtg5
µ8N
WbcD8•Clx6gz wµ9o wk5t©MEsq5g iqsuiC scoµc5bJJ6.
xbsyx6gz ˆi3u xJEhwtMs6ymÛz ßm w5guizb.
xbsyx6V
ns9l: xbsyx6 w˚pzJtg5 woAtQym/C xbsy6.
w˚pzJtg scoµ˙aF5V
ns9l: ∑-?Ms6gz µ8Nrx ckwo6fz WN~oCm.
wk5tg9orx6 rNj5 wo8ixtbs8iCF5V
ns9l: bmw8i9o woymJz bm4fx tt6vi4 scoµ6X5gz xt3i4 tt6vsyx6g5
xtq8i4 xt3i4 hDys9lz cspmc5bJZm w8Nw5 xtq8i4 bsao6gu4 scoµCm
bsao6g∆3zb bwµ9o xtc6gQMs6ym`QbC iqsui8i xˆN5txuiC xtc6gQMs6ym`Q9ME4v4f.
N3D9MEMs6ymZm9o,
wµ4
W8•©J`Q9ME7m5.
bw/s?5gzo
xtc6hQMs6ym`QMC N6yMEMs6ymJz.
ck3o bw?8iCFs4V xˆN5txMgw8NX5bu•5V
ns9l:
w9lflQhQJZ4f
cspmc5bJq8Nm
xt8i
wµ4
w9lflQgw8NJZ4f
wµ9o
g6gC6bsq8N6gz
hDys9lz
∫4fNz5
w8Nw
xtq8i4
w5gClx8k9l
bwµ4
xtc6gQc5bJ`QN4r5.
wo8ix3FbcMs6t8NA w˚ymZ{yV
ns9l: ∑, wo8ix3FbcMs0÷t8NA9o.
ck6 wo8ix6tbs?Ms6ry xqJ6√y8i5V
ns9l: mfizo ryxi nˆi4 u6hi3u4 wo8ix6tbs?Ms6gA5 x7ml x5b8i5 scoµ6tbsc5bJJA5.
u6hEs{nc5b3iEFy w˚/k5V
ns9l:
∑
w˚/k5
c3o`AxDl8i4
x8kC0ps6XJZ5bo
c9lˆ6bsq5gi4
eyZ/8i9l
g5gC/8i9l wµ4 c9ov9M`Axi9l x9˜5 w˚/Dl8i4 bwmw5©Z5b wmwd/sZ5b.
w˚y3u1i4 si4√5 — ns9l Nvh4
71
w˜9orx6 N7ui6 s=?¬8•5 xˆNF5 u6ftZMq8i4 xgc5bi6r5V
s=?¬8•5 N7ui6 Wc3i6r5V
ns9l: tr3u4 b=? ∫8N ryxi urJ6 xgD8Nc5b6XJZ4f tr6∫DtMs6ymJ7µz x∫bm.
ryxi u6ftZMw5 xˆNF5 ...
ns9l: ∑.
ck3o udt∫c5b3iC{yV
ns9l: ßmN3Jx3u9o u6ft∫6XJJA5, ßmN3Jx6 ho wkc6t9lA X8i6©u9l bv8N
wkcD8•t9lA
kN∫6X5gb
c9lˆcD8•3z5
xyxi
wkcD8•Ms6ymJ6
wkcD8•3z5
wkc˙at9lA
wkq5
Nj5
h6fwQ7u/ClxC,
x?¿9lt4
w˜4
w˜4
bm4fkz
wMq8i4 h6fwh2XMsCm.
xs9Md/s8i3zb xs9˜i6v5V
ns9l: wkcD8•3z5 ßmN3Jx6 Njgw8N6 ßmJo7j5 xs9˜6v9lt4, w˜4 bv8N xkEg7m5
wr3¨7m5.
x`AtymF5 x3?Zhx6t9lQ5 ßmN3Jx3uV
ns9l: x`AtymJz w˚Ms6gz cspm`Q5gz hdwh`Qgw8N6gz cspm`Q5gz
w˚JuisZlx6gz x3?Zhxc5bt9lQ5 h6fwh`Q5gz.
c9lˆkMs6ymF5V
ns9l: c9lˆkMs6ym`Q5gz.
µi w˜4 ßmN3Jx, ßmN3Jx3u bµigw8Ni6r5V WD6ymF5 ∫s?iV
ns9l: ∑, e7u6˙u WD6ymKz.
r4fi9o cb`AtcCF5V
ns9l: cb`At4v5bs6 gdzsu7mb b=? cspm/gxC xiZ bwNl, wMw/l, xw[Z
b=? cb`AtgxEo6b4v.
72
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
c5tu•5 cb`Att5V
ns9l: bw4fx Wzh5 wµÅ6gu•5 bw4fx4 m3Î4 ≈8ix∆6ymÔ4.
Wzh5 wµÅ6ymJ5V
ns9l: ∑, nwMy kv6t6ÙEJ/C wµÅ6ymJ s?i bw4fx x•4v4 xbst4ƒMs6©4 m3Î4
wµA5 bwFt4f4 ÔN4f4 w˚o6t9lQ5.
ck6, xs9M6ym9lt4 wµ6gu•4V
ns9l: ∑, wtFxA5 eWn2 ˚ym9lt4 xy?s6v9lt4.
bw4fx4 ≈8ix4f5 w˚A8•6gu•4 xtq4 bwAA8N6rQ5V
ns9l: ∑, bw8N ∆yy X8i6©u w˚A8•3iJJ6 søX eWnu.
w4fxÅ6 r4f5 wµÅ6gu•5V nwMy x7ml rNV
ns9l:
nwMy
s?i
dxCs2
bw8N
tAxEJ/z,
s?8i9o
wµÅ6gui6
ƒ4f5
wµA8iC6bsMs6g6.
yMv7msi3z5V
ns9l: b=? w2X{nz xgC∫6bui3u4 cb`AtŒ5 bw4fx m3Î4 xgp6biozA5.
iM4ƒ5V
ns9l: yfu.
bw8N x∫b5txEMs6ym/w /wn8V si4√ED8N6rs4V
ns9l: cspm`QbC gnsmgw8N6bC swcMsCi9o x∫bZ eg3z6∫uiQ7mA swcoJÔZlx6 xyxi4.
bw8N /wn8V bw8N x∫b5txu•5V
ns9l: ∑, x∫bm x∫buizo c9lˆ6.
w˚y3u1i4 si4√5 — ns9l Nvh4
73
swcoMs6ymJ6 xyxi4V
ns9l: ∑, wk7u9o swcoMs6ymJ6 ∫4fx ÔyW4f5 x∫bQMs6bzb ∫4fx x∫bm kvq5
N÷ b=? ∫4fN`Z5 eg3zq8i5 ÔyWs2 cs3is0Jbs7m5.
ÔyW w5g9MEQhQc5b6bu•5V
ns9l: ≈[Z cs3i6 w5g9MEQhQc5bJ/ClxC. ∑, ∫4fx ÔyW4ƒMs6g5 x∫bQMs6bz
bsr4f5 JxNy4f5 b=? eg3zEMs6bq5 bwm N/gxz5 bw{huz x∫bc6X9MwJui6
x5bflZ x5bgxC-a8iC6bs˙aJ6.
∫?i w˚A8•6ymJ6 /wn8 x∫b5txEMs6ym/w5V
ns9l: c9lˆicw cspm`QbC c9lˆisJ{nsJ6.
bw{hmi kNoC˜at9ly xyxk5 ˚c5b3iC{¥V
ns9l: xs/4f5 wmsoCw7m5.
ck6, sux4ƒ5V
ns9l: sux4f5. w˜4 sW3q/6g6XJZlx6gA5.
sW3q/6gMs6gy ˚c5b6guisFyV
ns9l: ∑, wMsc5b6gD¬JKA9o xJ`Qi5tA5 wS5gb.
wS5g¥V
ns9l: wS2XJZ5b9o sux3u4. w5guiC xdtQ9lA.
Ns4 w5gu•5V
ns9l: f9lD6g6 m8iox6gb.
hDys9lt h6fwQQx3zstu•5 si4√Evw8ND8N6rs4V
ns9l: bwm dFx`ZstuiE÷6bC Xsly xiDlZ w3ihxaJK6 bwm h6fwh¿9¬tQÔ÷5tx6bC. xˆNm w3igxEJ7mA w3ih5t9lA Wym/sMs6ymZm bwm bw8N h6fwh¿9¬yuiEÔ÷6ym5tx6bC.
74
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
wk©c5bMs6ymF5 w3ihoCwZF5V
ns9l: ≈[Z xw2X8i4 xw2Xcc5bJJz xbsy3u9l x3Nu4 xw2Xc6gz w˜4 wk©9lz
w3ih{¥Ms6ymq5gz
w3i¿9lMs6ymJz
w3i¿9lMs6ymJz9o
xqJ5t6Ùu4.
Ùixlgw8N6
c9lˆi
wvi
vNJ6©Å6
≈8ixFgc3u
byzi
xbsyx6gz
w3iMs6ymJz kv6t6Ùu4 ryxi w3iMs6ym`Q5gz xuhi4 w˜4 w3ihAm`Q8NmoAm?Jq8Nmo wk8isq5g6.
w3ih{¥Ms6ym8ie9o r4f8i4V
ns9l: c{yD¬/3k5. w3ih{¥?JJz9o xy4v N0poCw7mb.
Nr9o wo8ix3iCF5 w3ih{¥Qx{n6V
ns9l: xˆNZ w3ih{¥cbst9lA mo{ymc5bJ?C w˜4 w˚h5©o6gz.
mo{ymc5b6bu•5V
ns9l:
mo{ymMs...
wontbsc5bMs6ymJz
w˜4
∆yy
xbAÔ2
koxz
b=?
x3Nox6∫EixMs6ym/ClxC xqJ`Q7uJz ki?QxΩ3ixCm, xqJ`Q7u/C.
sXd/sZlx3z5V
ns9l:
gkx•8ixCm
w3iJj5
xo?6b6.
ki?QxΩ3ixCm
sXJ`Q8Nm
Xs3zi4
bfymJZm wµ4 w˚h5©Nz wµ4 w3ih{¥cbsc5bJZmo w˜4 bwµ4 W9ME5gi xuhxlw5
rhoxEZ4r5, xbq6gQ kvfl7m eg3zq5.
rhos6tsc5bi6v5 gkusbw5V
ns9l: gkux3u9o ryxi rhox6∫z mfxo µ8N rhox6∫c5bo3zb bfgw8N6g5
w3ih5gj5 xgMs`Q5g5 xgq9lz9o WJmq8Nm bwmo bwvi w3iho3z5 ≈ixF7u5
cwd/sJZm
x3Nox6∫EiC6bsJJ6
sX{ymgw8NClx6t9lA.
xbsyx3Nz
bwvi
X8i6©u w3ih{¥ymJz w˜4 ≈8ixF7u.
rhox6∫EZwZFQ5 sc6Xi6r5V
ns9l: ∑. x{h9lrx6 W¿9o6ym9ME5g5 W¿9o6ym9ME5g5. x3Nox3m w3ix xayxE5b6vC wmwozJ6. bwm xayx3m w3ix xayxE5b6vC wmwoz7uJ6. v2Wxhc5txq5gD¬Zm wo6fyDlZ, wmw5gD¬i8i5 v2Wxh˙aMs6ymq5gz dFxQgw8Nc5bJ/C.
w˚y3u1i4 si4√5 — ns9l Nvh4
75
xaNh4vs˜6g sN, w˜4V
ns9l: ∑, x9˜5 wvJ4v{noxEym/4v w˚ctuk5. x©tc6©÷gw8N6g6 scCJj9ocw
s?z µ8No egz8i5 scs0/sJZm Xifl8k5 Xi7mw˜4 “xˆˆ4 w3ih{¥i6 v0÷3ÔuA8i6r5V” wmwo7mEJ7mÛz w3ih{¥c5b3iflxW4 sc6©÷3z4 wµ4 cjz csp˙aJz
sNcw boC etC6gA sN urÔZlx3z5, w9oxz m8N x3Çz iW`Zq4vlx3mΩ5.
bwµ5tx6 b[Z fr4v xg6bwomomgw8N?Ms6b4v bwµ4 WJ8N6gz ryxi c9lˆi
w3iJ5 x0psq7m5 ≈ixi6nsu7mb wk4 xi0÷q7m5 µ•9li sKzo rxyio wk4
xiA8N6g6
cjz
cspnc5b3lA
ryxi
c8N
xiF{nz
wmzi
w3ih5gz
cm•vw8N8izi wk4 w3ih{¥c5b8ioF[JxD¬Jz w˜4 b=?n©9ME5gzo˜4. w6X6g6
wk4 s?z x5gxZ4f wmzi4 ç6y?5gz N7ui6 x9˜5 c6yJJz w3ih5gz.
yK9oÙu w3ih{¥QxzCF5 v2WxNMs6ym?V
ns9l: v2Wxhcq5gzo wk7u4 wµ4 NvtEZlxCm v2Wxh`Q5gz wM`Z6tEc5bi6ÙlZlxCmo wk7u4 v2Wxh`Q5gz x8i8NJ`Q5gz ≈[Z e7ui x8i8NJ5gz b7mfx ryxi
scsyE/4v xg6ym/4v xg6ym`Qb8i scsyc`Q5gz mfx x9˜ sqDtK5 mfx
eMD0÷t8ix3uJ5 w3ih{¥oCwZ5b.
rMD0÷6tEQxc2X2W¥V
ns9l: ∑, mfx w˜4 „/6tx6gQ5 x9M5 iu6S5 eMD4÷6gQ5 W?JJA5 w3iF{nz
chzNhx6gA. sx5txDcw bwmw5©?8i3zb.
eMymJoµ ch9lQV
ns9l: ∑, ch9lQ5 bwmwtbsc5bJJ5 w3ih{¥J5.
iuClxylV
ns9l: ∑.
w3ihoCw7mb rhu4 X3NExcc5bMs6ym?5V
ns9l: bwµ5bs6 w9oi4 wiQix6bzl x9oiEix6bz w˜4 w3ih9li8 g5gC/3u4
x9oic6gt4 w3ih5gt4 µi w9o3u s=?¬8•5 x9oxi4 eJ5∫i4.
76
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
iDu8ix3z∫V
ns9l: ∑ x9oxEZ5tÅ, eJ5∫i4.
ck ∫8N eJ6∫6 x∫•5gi g5gC/ cz•5b6f6V
ns9l:
∑,
x9o6Ù3l
çz•5gi
g5gC/4
c9oXs9li
mn=Fd5gExE9lA
xs8k5,
xsˆ3izk5 mn=Fz g3D÷3ÔuNhx6gA n[Z7mEsq9la xu6 wlw5g6.
sfx5bs6 N0p9lt4 ck6 cspc5bMs6ym?5 x3Ns2X5 s=?l
xats2X5 N0pxzV
ns9l: x8ir5©7mb xat N0pxE9lQ5 x9˜5 cspmN6g6 wµ4 x8i6gÔ7mb x3Nw5
N0pioso6gzo
cspmc5boMsCm,
NlNq5gQx9M4
xsMir8i6nw5
xa†5
y9om6ningw8Nw5 x3Nw5 xsMir8i6nw5 N0pxE9lQ5.
N0p9lt5 X3N5gi4 wvJ3iDF5 N0px5 xy?4vsZ/6vV
ns9l: bwµ4 WymJu4 cspm`Q5gz bwµ4 gnMs6ym`Q5gz.
w3ih{¥i3u9o cz4f5 wo8ix3iCF5 w8N~a9lt s=?¬8• w8Ns9lt5V
ns9l:
w8NDMs3Nz.
wMQ/sgw8NX5gz
w8N
w˜4
w3ih5g•c5b6gz
b=?i
NÔtc5b6gz
wµ4
wo8ix6gQNz
w3ih5gi.
bwµ4
w3ih5gi
woymJz
w˜4
x0pQ?J`QbClxzo W˙µ bwµ4 woymMs6gz.
h7m9o w3ih{¥i3j wo8ix3i6r5V
ns9l:
w˚q8ND8N`Q7mb
rao{n©Zm.
xˆNZ
w3ih{¥c5bJ7m5
bwµ4
mo{ymJz
mod?J7µz.
ck6 wvJDm9lt5V
ns9l: ∑, wvJ6tQJm9lz. W/Es6nd9lz.
rhu9o w3ih5¥9lt5 rhu9o X3Nwc5bMs6ymF5V
Xsly: xbsyx6gz bwm scstQMs6bC bwm wnz/stgxElx6ym7uZ4f xy{nc5txq8iC W0JtQ9lA. bwm scsyz bwµ5bs6 gnsm/C xggw8N6gA bwµ4 WNh{ym7uZm
gnsm`Q5gA gnsm`Qb8i4 WNhoMs6ym7uJz gnsm/C ryxi xg6bs?5gÎ6 moZh5gA
w˚y3u1i4 si4√5 — ns9l Nvh4
77
WZhMs6ym7uZm wµ4 scMsClx6gz w3ih5gk5 cwd/s4vJMsCm wµ4 wnz/5ts?Msq8Nm, bwml scMs3z5 grD7uxu4 w5b6fbs9lz WlxDtc2XMs6gz.
rhu4V
Xsly:
grD7uxc˙a7mb
w3ih5gw5
grD7uxzi4
scMs3z5
w5t3Fs2X9¬8•5
w5t3Fs/v9Ms2X9¬8•5 bwmwos6bs˙a7mb w5b6ftk5 w{y¿3Fs9li.
ns9l: rrx{ym9li.
Xsly: w{y¿3Fs9li w5t3FdtcExc˙a?Ms3mb.
w5t3Fs/sq8NExc6X5gui3o ∫8NV
ns9l: Xw2Ùa`Q9li, egQxcq7m5 sKz rrx5gA w9otj5.
Xsly: ∑.
ns9l: µi w3ih2XJKA5 ryxi w9os2 çzi c7mu.
s/Cstbs?8iq7u7mbV
ns9l: s/Cw9o xvs`Q7mb. sfx rS`ZQxc`Q5tx3u7mt4 sfx4 wyZw5, wµ9¬8•5 xw2Ù
bri6nsQxc`Q5g6 bwmw9lx3lQ4 ryxi wyÛ4, mfx x9˜5 sfx ck6 w8N raCK5
WEzizk5 ryxi y5gz9li ˆ7md9lxE9lA ∫8N xˆNz ≈8ib6Wx3z5. wmwozc5bJJA9o w˜4 s?zo xg6ym/C bm8N xgc5b6ym/C xuhxl8k5.
Xsly: xayx6∫D8N`Ah5gD¬oEKz x3Nox6∫`Q4fm.
xi6~œ8NM5tJcMs6ym8iE? w3ixaC∫6gu4V
ns9l:
cspMs6ymlx`Q5gz
c8N
x9MDl5gA
c9lˆ6bu4
W9lA
w˜4
bm8N
i`AJf∫D¬7m5 x9M6gAo ckw`Q7m5.
s=?¬8• N0po6t9lQ5 scs0/sym÷3i6r w3iixo6v5
xw/six3iC6bs9lt5V
ns9l: wµ9o c9lˆj5 cspm/s?oC5b x9˜5 ˆnstz w3iF{nz ˆnstz, bwµ9o
csp?JKz w3iFQ˜6bzi xym.
78
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
bwµ4V
ns9l: scs0/symq5tx6gz rNj9¬8•5 cspnMs6ymNz w3iF{n`Axz ˆ7m{yo6t9la b6r6 bwm8Nsoezb N0po•5 x2Xy7mb s9l6ysti N0prbq5g5 Ùi d˜i
w3i7mb, wl5gisi6nso3z[Å6 N0pxz xqÔi6ns÷3z5 xfisi6n6 N0p˙5. c8N
wlK by8iso3z5 N0pc5bo6gb bwmo/s?JKzo.
xfisi6n N0p˙V
ns9l:
d˜iÅ6
Ùi
WQxoC∫3iq8i
s9l6yst
w3i0÷q5g6
N0poiso6g6
wl5gisi6nso3z5 c8N, wlK5 xq9oi6ns7m5, N0p¿9lg[Å6 ≈[Z b2ÙiÅ6 WQxoC∫3iq8i w3i˙5, bwmwow?5b4v x9˜5 eg3z4v “b=? ryxi x2X6vb w3i˜6gt5”
sK`Z3ixoCw7mb wmwo?5b4v.
ck ˆ4rsi6nsZw7mb w3iN~3i6ns˙5V
ns9l: ˆ4rsi6ns`Q5©Zlx5 c8NÅ6 wlgi6ns7m5 N0poiso6gi. by8i6ns7m6vw c8N
bwµ4 gnsm/gcC xg6ym7mE5bC bm8N. kv5t6ÙdtZo w3ixEMs6bC nwMy @(at9lA k`Aq8i bsNi ryxi ra9o6Ùao6g bwmwo?5gzo N0po5bstQ?7mbo
wMq5 w˜4 ≈8ix˙6†5 N0po5bstQ`Qt9lQ5.
gn6ymFyo N0pJ6 iEd/sc5biq7mb ß7mt4f5 dr5bsifi4V
ns9l: ≈5h. gnMs6ym`Q5gz.
c5ts?8ic9o w3ih{¥Jw5V
ns9l:
w˜8i
Wz˙c5bJJ5,
w˜8i
Wzhw8NsZt4.
WJ8N•8Nq9o
sx5tsD
x9˜
w3ih{¥J8N9ME5ggx5 ej{yj5 xw/s˙ac5bJ7uJ5. µ`Z5 kN5b ciQ`Q4vlxCus4.
szy5g∆5V
ns9l:
∑
szy5gxl7∆`Qgx3z5
w3ih{¥JZ˜¬?J`Q7mb.
wµ4
bwµ4
xw/sc5bJJ5
iqsaZlx6v5
∫8N
wkgcsZlx6v5
w3ih{¥oi6,
wµ9o
xw/s˙ac5bJJ6
ej{y4f5 kNs2 xyxk.5 kN6vtQ`Qb5txq5.
cz4fgw8Ns?8iE?, s9˜4fV
ns9l:
xˆNQJ/Co
scstMs6ymZ4f
h7m9o
s8kx4f5
w3ihZh5txX4rF5.
w˚y3u1i4 si4√5 — ns9l Nvh4
s8kx4f5
79
w3ihZh5gQ9MEc5b9MEMs6ym/C. hNs=?5bs6 s8k4f5 w3idpJflxW4. Ns4fgw8N5tx6bs6
bwm
µi
w3ic5bha?JJA5
s8kx4ƒ5bClx6v5
s9¬Zlx4f5,
Ns4fgw8N6.
s8kx4f9o x9˜ xw/s?JJA5 sçMstc`Q8N5bo wµ4 xw/sJA5 scs0/s/6g6gz, wµ4
x8kÇX5tsgw8Nc5b˙a?JJz
wµ4
ˆ6f5gy/Cw7mb
mfx
kv4v
rh4v
s8kxf5
wµ4
yi5tx6gf¬÷D8NwoKz yiZ se5gF0Jxf¬q8No6gA, scs0/s/6gyKA5 b=?•o3z5
w3iF{nzi b6ru, x9˜5 sN f®/Ms6ymc5bJqbC, w˜4 et6tC.
h7m5V
ns9l: wmzi c6y0JtgxEZ4f. wµ4 fr6f9lA wmzi c6yJtgxEZ4f. wMq wmqb
Íq yyJxlw wMq5 xe5g. s?z f®/Ms6ym?JqbC.
bwµ5bs xˆNF wo8ix6t8iE¿tV
ns9l: bwµ4 wo8ix6tymq4√z w8No w3ih{¥Z6gD¬JJ x8iNJ˙ǬJ7m9ø x8iNJ5b6g
bwmwc5bJJ w˜4 w3ih{¥c5b6guisZlx6.
bwmwQxc˙a7mw˜4 cspm8i3uZF5 bwmwc5bi6r5V
ns9l: ∑ bwµ4 cspc5bCm bwµ4 WZhxc5boMs3Cm.
mfx wMq5 u5txq5 eMDy6ym˙f¬7mb, c˚c5bi6X5V
ns9l:
bwµ5bs6
xi?J7uJ5
nwozn3i6ngw8Nw5
w3ihxa9lt4,
xiQx5b6f6
nwoz5txCu stEx6f6 wmwosc5b6ymJ5 m8N x?Zw7m5 mgjz u5txzk5 m8N
sqDtK5 brÔd/s?J`Q7mb, x9˜5 sw5b sqDtq5 wµ4 i7mM5ymlA bwµ5tx6,
bwµ5tx3iC6bs?JJ5.
t9osJÔ9o
scstMs6ym7µz
sq6y/3NCiÅ6
m8N
vˆi
i7m9ME5gA xhw9˜Å6 koxz bwmw5gu4 w3iMs6f6 wmwoMs6ym7µz s2WE˙E7u/C.
x?5b6gD¬7mb
bm8N
hvZw7m5
xiQx6t9lA
x?4vu
nwoz5b˙D¬7mb
w˜4
xi5bstQ˙aq7mb, x5bq5bstQq5gDlw5.
rh[QExcc5b3iEF5 w3ih{¥ixoCwZF5V cwd/sZFV
ns9l: ≈[Zw xgw8Nc5bstQ7mo ∫8N eMDt{nu9l xgw8ND6bstQym7mbo eMDt{n4f5
x9oÎ÷9l rWy0J†4. w˜4 w9lzi, ryxio slj5 rWyMs6ym`Q5gzo ryxi x9oÎ÷8k5.
80
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
cspMsym?8i6r9orx6 W3l5gu4V
ns9l:
w4fxo
W3lx5
iD7mg3Jw8NDlw5
w3ixE9lQ5
xNDlgw8Nw5
W3lMs6ymZm
w3ih5gz.
W3lMs6ym8i6rV
ns9l: ∑, W3lMs6ym7uJz Wzhx6t6gz, xsˆ3Ni6~¬c5bgw8Nc5bJJ6 sW8NCi
s?8k9o. h8N`Q5g6, w˜4 hMs6ymc5bJ`Q5gz.
cspMs6ym8ie9orx6 hJc6t9lA bwµ4 W3l5gu4V
ns9l: hJc6t9lA cspMs6ym`Q5gz mr5gw5gu4 cspc5bJ`Q5gzo wµ9o s?z.
sKz
xs9M{nstQ7mb
X8i6©¨5g9ø.
X8i6©u,
sc6X7uJzo5bs6
xs9Mg{n-
s`Q5g3q8N xs9M6tb6, wmwo?7uJz x5bE/sJ{ns9li. x5b3Nq5g6 x5b3Nc5bJq5gzo. w˜4 wµ4 WhC/A8•c5bMs6ymq5gz.
sx5txD x9oÎ/cMs6t8NQ5 rhj9o rWy?8i3zbV
ns9l: slj9lÅ6 xoAui3j9l gnsmgw8N6gz. gnsmgw8N6gz xgMs6ym`Q5gz
slj9l xoAui3j9l wµ4 gnsmJz xoAuicw xQs0/sym9li msz kNj w˜4 s/C7j5.
®8Nbsymt9li bwµ4 gnsmgw8N6bC xg6ymqbC.
w3ihoCwZF9o r4f8i4 wMc6X8iCF5V
ns9l: bwm kvflZ bwN x7m x3N{nEJ/C xlr, ∫4fx4 gk`ZctQymJ÷4v4 bw4fx4.
wM4v x7ml xw2XDlZ wMgxEMs6ym/C m3DxtMs6ym/C w˜4 x3N{nDl8il xw2XC,
x3N{nEJ÷4v4 bm3u4 yK9o3l, yK9o m3Dxt6ymJJ6. m3Î8i4 rhoxo4 eg3z8i4. w˜4
bw8N ra9osJJ6 w5gX~9o bw8N w3ih{¥pQc5bJ/C. xw2XDl8i4 xw2Xgxc6gi
kvCl ∫{hm xˆNz grDuxzi w{y¿6g6 sW3Ω4f5 wMK5 sW3q/6g6ymt9lQ.
scs0/s?8i6ry w3ih{¥8i6v5 sN rh{noxE9lA, rh{noxE˜6v5
w˚2XV
ns9l: ∑, bwµ4 scsy`AxK5 w˜4 i9oxFQ9lÅ. w6vh{nsizl w˜4 iEt5tc5b˜3iz
xabs2X5
wmw¬c5bJKzo
k/6f5g~E9lA,
k/6f5g˜3z5
x3NoxflZ
bwµ9o
scCJ7mbocw bwmw5©c5bJJ5 ck6 W0Jycc5bJJ5 bwµÅ6 yKo3ui4 mo4vu4.
w˚y3u1i4 si4√5 — ns9l Nvh4
81
w˜4 b=? N0pAm w3ih{¥pQixE4r5 cspmAm wµzw wMq5
scc5b3iE?, wµzw sc˜6ft5V
ns9l: ≈5h ryxio scs0p/6g6gcgw8Nc5bJJ6, wµ4 iDx6ymZt4 w3ih{¥pQ˜6bui4,
ryxi kvflZ bwN xy8i4 gku•dpc5bJq5g6 xvsJ©ZmÅ6, wmwosc5bJ7µz,
rhoxq8NDlQZ4r5 eg3Ωlq5. b=?5bs6 s?•4rK6 x3NoxC xwb.
Wz˙9l¥˜4 w3ih{¥?8iC{¥V
ns9l:
s?•5g3l
¥6fz8i
NJ7uJ6
g4vsKzil
s?i
w{y¿6g6
gkx•5g3l
wk5bc5tx`Qj5 ryxi, ≈[Z wk{nbc6t9lA wkQx5gi ≈[Z, xu˙i6nsc5b6XJJ5.
ckgw8ˆ5txc5bJJ5
ryxi
W3?9˜dpc5bJq5gA5
w˜4
W3?˜Jc6t9lA
w3ih5gi
f{nh8N3z5.
h8N6g6V
ns9l: xi5bstQJ8N`Q7m f{nh8N3z5. kko3N3z5 xiQx6X4vlx6t9lA bwmwMs6ymZmo
kv6t6Ùu
w6vNw/6g6
Wvi
≈8ixFgcui3u
scMs6ym7m5
w3iMs6ymZm
“ryxi6vw
xiA5b
ra9o6Ùu4
w3iix6gt5
ryxi
bw8N
f{nh5gt5,”
wmwoMs6ym7µz. wµ4 W3?˜Ju4 g~Zm b=?o xigx5tx3zb w3i5bstQMs6ymZm.
wo`Zj6vw bwµ4V
ns9l:
∑
bwµ4
iWcExc2XJqN5bø
w3ih{¥lb
wµ4
iWcD¬/3lb
x9˜5
W3?9˜QxcqNb, w˜9o c7muo µi ≈[Zo cspm`Q5gzo bµi ryxio c3mu
gWgw8Nuo w3i¿9lMs6ymJz Ùio kNc6gb.
∫8N scstNhD¬/c5b3iEFys4 w3ih5g6V
ns9l: ∑ scstym9lA xsM0/5bwod9lA mogw8N5txd9lA bwµ4 scs0pc5bJJA5,
xsM0/2X5
Ws`Q7m5.
bwµ4
xsM0/g[Å6
X[Q˙a7mb
wmwoJc˙a?J7m5
wµcw
xo2X5gu•5 c˚Zlxrx6 gryym`QbC. wMq5 bwmw{ym˙a7mb sN w2W8ixii mo5gA,
ryxio hx8N˙a?J7uJz x9˜5 w3ih{yx8i4 xid9lA xy6f=Fcq7m5.
r˙7m X[QV
ns9l: mfx xo8iC6bs?5g5 bs˚N w3iJ5 wMq5 bwµ4 X[Q3iC6bs?JJ5 c˚Zlxrx6
cspMs6ymq5gz bwm x/flZ Ne hDys9lz w˜4 hDy7mEsA8•6gz gnsm/C.
82
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
cspMs6ym8ie9o exJu4 w3ih5gu4V
ns9l: ∑, wMq5bs6 ex˙5.
iWc5bwom9lt4 ryxi ex˙5V
ns9l:
∑,
bwµ4
NlN`Q9ME5g6
wµ4
exZlxDF5
x9˜5
xy6f=Fc`Q5g6
w˜4
wmwo?JJz exZlxDF5 b=N ryxisMz7m5 mogw8N3lt5 wmwos6gA bwµ5bs6
w3iyx6gf¬?J`Q7uJ5. w3iyx6gw8NsA8N`Q7mb. xw2XDlZo nWoCm x/{ypQ/6g6gA
scst/6gMs6ym/C
koxzi4.
bwm
x/{yd9lA
∫{hm
c9lˆoxq8N6f6
sfxfl8i4
bw8N
mMw/u4
w3ixEifx
Xslys2
Xigxz.
xifl5b
WF5tx6gi
x/8iCMs6ym7mA b5ge7m.
hJ6V
ns9l: b5geJJ6 x/5gA w˜9o n`QÔi3u•4 xw2XDlZ s?z nWoC4f WJ8NwoZ4f
bwµ4 cwd/s4voMs6ymZ4f.
w8No ckxl4 tAx6∫a5bi6v bw8N oxV
ns9l: cspmA8•c5bMs6ym7m5 sW3Ω4f5 sW3qo6gb w˚C∫uis9li c8N v?yxz
xo{ymZMQxz whm˙aJz y9orniui3u4.
w3ihxE9liscwV
ns9l:
∑,
bv{hmz
y9orn3mb
xiFr{h6g[Å
y9orn8iC6bs˙a?J7mb
xiF5g5
bwmw5gQ/C bw8N wµ4 x/5bsij5 ryxi w3iym7m5 b5ge9MEMs6ym7m5 si9ME5gi,
bw{hm ryxi w˚oxEymÔ÷c5b6bz bw8N xˆNΩz.
Ôox: ∑, sfx µ8Nso6g6 wmw3z[Å6 ka7mb xiA8Nwo˙5V
ns9l: ≈Bxw9˜4.
xiA8Nwo˙a7mb bwm5guicwV
ns9l: ≈[Z. wmz˚q5g6, bw8N w3iFr5gf¬c5bJ7m5. w3iFro‰aZ5b x3Ns9lb, b=?
bwmw5gw8N5txaJy.
w3iFro‰5gy
w3iF6f5gyo‰5
wµ9o
swi8N~d/s?Jq5g5
swi8N~6gF0JxǬ9lt4 nsiDMsq8iq8i ryi ƒ5yˆq4 swid/s?JJ5 nsiE5tMs`Q8iq8i.
sfx
ns•5
xF5g8Nwo˙a7mb
w4fxl
w˚y3u1i4 si4√5 — ns9l Nvh4
ns8iCuÅ6,
gnsm7uZm
83
xyms5bg6bsa˙u•[Å6
xF5g8Nw9oJ5
N0pN~6g5
swi8N~6gu•[Å6.
sN
xyms5b
xyms5tstZhMs6ymZlx3zA
hNs=?
sKz6gi wqzk5 ¥6fg6gA xFt5t˙5.
Xsly: ƒ5tˆq4.
ns9l: ƒ5yˆq4.
gnEs7mE7u/C
ns9l:
bwm
sfxEJ/C
øtx
x3N5~b
w3iix6t9lA w3ixz bwµÇl swogç¬9li eg3qsc5bJq7m5 swc`ZExMs6ym7m5.
SwAC4f xyms5b r˙7mΩ5V
ns9l: eJDl, eJ4 xyms5bsiC5bw5 wµ4 nN9lb bw4fx ß5g3FQ˙K5. wƒNw8N6, wMq5
wƒNw8N6 W˙5 sNw8N6 wMq5 sN wqΩz xF˙6 bwmw5©?Ms6g5 wMq5iC6bsc5bJJ5.
gry5txvw8Nq8Nm, ∫4fx Nvbsc5b6gF•5 w˜4 csD8NwoÛzu4V
ns9l:
¥6fg6bs9liÅ6
sKz
xyms5b
eJDl
wqzk
çz˚6bs9l•
wµ4
¥6f9˜/s9li xFtbs?5gu•.
w3ihoCw7m5V
ns9l:
∑,
w3iA8N`Q7m5,
w3iho6©Zlx6
xF`Q7m5
ƒ5tˆq4
xF`Q7mt4
wµ4
xFoiso6gi x9˜ ƒ5t8ˆ4r rSlxExqb xvs`Q7m5.
Xsly: xFymÔw8ˆ¬Jy b[Z.
ns9l: ∑ bwmw5gw8N5txf¬Jy. xFymJ5 w˜4 bwmw5gw8Nw5. xbq5tx6gA. bwµ4
nsiD6y/slxd/s?Jq5g5 sx5txD.
w8NslxoCw7m5V
ns9l: w8NslxoCw7m5.
84
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
bwm c9lˆ5 µ8N sb6r˙Ǭ7mb xfi w8Ngç¬oCu4 ryxi
w3i˙ao3z∫...
ns9l: ≈Bx¬N.
µi #%-$)q8i4 w6vNw÷ui4 yK9ost5tZhlxj5 sb6rf∫˙a7mb.
ns9l: ∑.
xvsq5gx¬c5b6gw5 bwµ4V
ns9l: ∑ bwµ4 xvs?l`Q5g6 sb6rgw8Nsi6nsQZ[r9o wk8i5.
cspm`Qgw9ø4fx ck6 WQxc3mΩb.
ns9l: w˜4 cspm`Qf4f bwmwoZ/`Q5gz cs0ptQMsC4f.
xhomfx w8Nsi6nw5 N0p¿9l5gw5 w3ihgw8N6gt4 ≈8ixN3i6nu4
w3ih˙6vwV
ns9l:
wMq5bs6
xi5bstQ`Q7mb
w3iMs6ymZmo
xbs6yu4
m8iox6ymJA5
xq3Cb6fz
N7ui6
Wlx6gu4,
w3ih4vlx6gt4
wµ4
bys6gz
wMq5
is=FsEx6ym5b6fA5
xqJ5tx3J7u4
xi5bstQJ5
sux6g6ym7mb
d3F7j5
bw4fkz
÷atuis?J7mb xqÔtDlw5 nFC/w5. d3FcC5b dwNhxyJz dwh5gz, ixdz
b=Kz5tx6 xio6g6, cspym/C w3ihxEJ/C.
xio6g6V
ns9l: ∑ bw8N w3iotlz. cspoE9lz ck9o w3ixE8i3mΩ4f cspym`QbC wµ4
c9ø4v4
vk`Zgw8N6gQ4
bmsz
w8N6gz,
cwZ˜o6gz
kN6vt8i5
gW6ymZ5b
sW3qZ5b cwdp9lz bw8Nw˜4 cspym`QbC xoxNw5g3JxÇl7u4 w3ixuiC wµ9o
xoxNwAh˙aZ5b xN6gb wµ9o xND8Nwo6vMs6gb. x{hF0JxÇl4 bw8N xoxNwQym/C
wµ9ME4.
wk©9lt5 w3ixEvn5bu•5V
ns9l: ∑ cwZ9M4vmo ryxi wy6gc5b6f b=?l wµ4 xit0/w6ym5bClxC4f xit9lA
cwJ5.
xoxNw5g6Ùl7u4
bw8N
w3ixEym/C
bwN
xˆN8i4
xtc3z5.
xˆNZ
v2Wx5∫¬c5bJ7m5 w3ihoCwZm. w˚A8•C∫Ms6t9lA sW3z3m5 w˚Ms6ymJ6. bwvo wµ4
w˚y3u1i4 si4√5 — ns9l Nvh4
85
wMqi4fx w3ixE5txq5g5 w˜9o w3ihc5boCm, xfixl4 w3ihMs6ym?J`Q5gz. w˜4
scs¥6vw mo5gQ5 bw4fx xw2XCl W?Ms6bK5 yK9ø5 bwmwymhQ˙aJz. wµ4
xw2XE/C w6f7msuÔ÷6gi c`Awy8N6gi b=?o mr5bstQK6 bwfzc5bJ7m5, bwµÅ6
xˆNzbl
x∫bzbk
s8kxa5bClx6v5
b=?
scst?8i3zA
bwµ4
w˜4
wµ4
koxco6v5
w3ihl5∫c5bDµq7m5,
r`Åm/soDi
w˜4
mfiz
bwµ4
W9lxExo8i4
wmw2XJJ6 xkEoCw7m5 bwmw2XJJ6.
ra2WzJu4 w3ih{¥Ms6ymF5V
ns9l: ≈[Z cspMs6ymJ`Q5gz. wµ9o ra2WzJ[Å6 wµ4 c8N xsMFr9om5 WFr9o7m5
sKz. sKz stEx6tbsc5b˙a7mb wµ4 bskz ~5tbs9lt4, stEx3/w6ymto6gA w˜4
¬5∫k9o cspm/so6g6. bwµ4 xJE{hw0p˙a?JKz Nr5 xsM2X5 Nr5 y9om?2X5
wmwos˙a?JKzo sx5txD. w9lwiΩÎ6 xsM˙a7mb ra2WzJ5.
w9lxiΩ6V
ns9l: ∑ bwµ4 cspmJz ryxi bwmw5gu4 w3ih{¥Ms6ymq5tx6gz ra2WzJu4,
w3ih{¥?8iDm bwmozJu4 iszi4 Nv5tymoC/3uJz.
ckgw8N6 st6t5tQxcMs6ymF5 xiQxo6gui3u w3ixu4V
ns9l: ≈[Zw st6t5tQxcMs6ymq5gz bwµ4 v5gzw6ymdgw8N˙4v ya6giz mo5gA
x/2Xox5bstQ9lA
∫8N
x5hDo6X9ox9lz
bwµ4
y9omo6v5
xit5t˙a?Ms6gz.
y9omiq5 Wz˙7mb Wlx6g6 y9omizb WzJxi xi˙a7mb, w˜9o w˚9lzo ryxi
cspm/4v bwµ4 xgc5b6ym/4v v5gzwCu WzJxi xi7mb.
kbCÎ6 xˆNF5 w9lΩV
ns9l: xˆNK4 w9l‰u•4.
N0p9lt5 eyoEd/sc5bMs6ym`QMt5V N0p9ly
grd/s?Msq8iEFyV
ns9l: N0p9lzo gr6g3JxǬ?JJzo w3ihxMeJmZlxj5.
mfxo N0p9lt4 bwmwc5bd/s0÷q4vlx6g5V
ns9l: bwµ9o ˆ6f5gJx¬oClx6gz x9˜ gr6XJJz.
86
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
ey8i4V
ns9l: xui9l byy6XJJz.
w˜9orx6 xsˆ6yc5b6g5 N0p9lt4 ckwd/s?8i6v5V
ns9l: xsN6gu4 N0pJu4 cspMs6ym`Q8Nm w˜9o sx5txD y[Zox6gD8N`Q5g5 x9˜5
S?wAtc5bJJ5. y[Zox6gMs6ym`Q5g5 hÍ6gMs6ymZ˜`Q5gz cspm7uJz, bwfx
Wzh5 cspmlx6b4v, w˜4 x3Nw5.
w˜4, N0poC∫6gb w˜8i4f5 xsˆZMvw8N˙aZ5∫V
ns9l:
xsˆZ˜Ms6ym`Q5gzo.
gnsm7uJz
N0pxzÅ6
ryxi
wM`Û7m5
N0pJ6
N0pf∫i6ns˙5
ˆ6f5gyJ6
wµ4
wM`ÛEiC6bs˙9o
gnsmJz.
∑,
bwµ4
xsˆ˙a7mbÅ6 wMq5 N0pJ5 bwµ[Å6 N0pf∫i6nw5 wmw¬6gc6XJJ6 w˜4 wkgw8N3i
c9lˆis`Qg3o. wkgc3i cspm/4v, wkgcw5 bwµ4 scc5bJ7mb wkw5.
w3ih{¥c5b3ifx¬ZF5 t5tN6gu4 cspMs6ymq2W5 w3ih{¥9lt5V
ns9l: t5tAh8Nq9ME5g6 w3ih{¥9li.
w˜4, ck6 hD¬/6gc3i6vV
ns9l: ∑, ryxi xi7m5 w9MCM8N6gF0JxÇl4 dFxQy8ˆ5 ∫8N xiJfl4. w3ixz x7ml
xˆNz dFxQ9lA d/o9lb bwµ4 xiA6tbsiz W0JtQ9lA. x9˜ exvw8Nc5bJJA5
d/oifj5
Åtj5
d/o9lb,
wk4
nwm`Qvw8Nc5b˙ac5bJ7uJA5bs6
w7u•8N6
w˜8i4f5
WJ8Nq7m5
Åt
bwµ5bs6.
d/Qcys5gA
bwm
bwm
iqsDlQJ/C
xˆN5txEJ/C cspm7u/C gdzJu4 w3iMs6ym7m5 gdz5bstQJu4. x∫bz g{yx3z5
xiMs6ymZm bw8N glZ3Jx6 g{yx3z5 cspJX5tsǬ8iCm h6fwQ/C wµ4 gdz6nJu4
N0pxz
bwm
xiAv9M5gF0JxǬMs6ym7m5
mo{ym8iCµy5
xˆN8i4,
xˆNz
w3ih5t9lA xˆNm. eg3qsctc˙a7mbÅ xqJ5t6Ùdtui4 wµ4 cspmZm. eg3qsctQZ4f xˆNZ kv6ts7mb ∫4fx eg3z3m xqJ5t6Ùdtm ∫4fx eg3zq5 xˆNm. m3Î4,
bwmwo/s?JZ5bo w3i¿9lC5b b=? eg3qsct{nw5 wµ9o ∫8NÅ eg3qsct{nC
xqJ5t6Ù bwµ4 scs0/sc5bJJA5.
x3Ns2X5 ryxiV
ns9l: x3Ns`Q4vlx6v bwµ{nw8N, bm0/ cspm/4v bm4fx. ∑, bwµ4 won?Ms6ymZmo
w˚y3u1i4 si4√5 — ns9l Nvh4
87
bwmwo/sZm
b=?Å
xqJ5t6ÙdtZ
xqJ5tx3ÔoClx6gi.
wµ4
eg3qsct{nC
≈8ixJx¬9li
hNs=?
bwmwo/sMs6ymZm
w˚0÷˜`WQ5g6
whmMs6ymZm,
√
∫8ˆ3Jx¬4.
B∑, rxÅ6 w3ixz gd5bstQJui6V
ns9l: iqsui3m xˆN5txui3m bsao6©iCMs6bm, N0pxz gdzJ6, g{yx3z5
x∫bz xiMs6ymJz, w˜4 w3iho6gi ryxi gdzJ[Å6 w3ih5gQ5 xvs`Qi6nw5
sW8NCi hQx4v8iD8N`Q5g5. bw8N h6fwQ9ME˙C mo{ym?9Mw8iCµy5 bf8ˆ6gx¬JZm.
ckwo/s8i6vo ∫8NAl4 w3ixaZlx6V
ns9l: bwµ9o gdz5bstQ7m5 bwµ5bs6 wlF6bD¬Ms6ym7uJ6.
g{ys0/s9li5bs6V
ns9l: ∑ bwµ{nw8N6bs w˜9o b=?io wo/sZu g{yx0÷q5g5 b=?io ryxi c3mu
g{yx6g5. bwµ9o cspc5bJJz.
∫8N u5txz rW/s/Exc3iE?V
ns9l:
∑,
bwµ5bs
xj/uicw,
w˜4
x3Çz
wMqi5
xjy˙a7mb.
tyÔ5b6gt4
∂Ex9Mw/6gt4 wMq xit5t˙. s?zo dEx9Mw/Ms6ym`Q5gz xqJ5t6Ùu4 bwµ4
xg6ymZm bw8NÅ w3ixE¿9l5bK5 bwmw0JtQZ5tA5 ∫sKzoµ6 xbo6vzZ5b bwµ4
ryxi xit5tA8NC5b x3Çt8i. ∫8No w3iJ6 ¥6f6gi w9lxi sfx wmw¬6gA m8N
ˆz xfxz xit5tc5bJJz bwm4fx w3ih{yxE?Ms6b4v bwµ4 xit5ttc5bJ/4v.
w3iC∫6gu•9orx6 WoE5bstQc5bi6v5V
ns9l: wµ9o W[Zc5bJ`Q8Nmo w˜4 yK9o3u, ≈[Z5bs6 ra9o3u, bwm ¬5∫C˜4f5
trMs6ym7mb eWnj5 b=? w3iC∫5tx6gz s8kx4f5, ¬5∫C˜2 scstMs6ym7µz s9liÅ6
Wzhi4
mr8ix`QMz,
bwmwo9li
b=?o
xigx3z5
xs9M3ix3iC6gi
w˜4
h`Q5txCm, xKzv9˜l4 s9M5gF0JxÇl9lz suxi4 bf8ˆDmJflxW4. grc5tx`Q9ME5gz, scs0/s˙a7uJz w2Wix5txClx3mΩ3m scs0/sJmw8Ns?JZm. ∑, w˜6vw
W0/?`Q5g5, w˜4 ≈8ixZio W[ZN`Q5g6 ryxio ≈8ix9li W[ZN6g, W[ZN`Q7m9o wµ4
≈8ixZi,
bw8Nw8N
Xi5©uiEiC6bC
≈y9l
ti8iox6ymMs6ym7uZm
w˜4
x7∆m0pxCh5gz bwµ4 wµ4 X4voCwZm ƒ5tˆm nix˚c5bo6g ixdz, wµ4 bs8Ni
w3iZhxo3iClx3uJz ti3i3u. wµ4 ryxi stExc5bo6gz. xdFZwZm bwµq8N6g-
88
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
x¬o6g xq3CgxCm w8N5bstQJz w3ih5g6. grc`Q. bw{hm s?iusa?Ms6©2
Ns9Ms2, x9MsMs6©2 x3Noxz.
sN xqJ5t6Ùui6 WQiC5bw5 ck3ø8N gdJui6V ?wFC˜a9l•V
ns9l: ≈[Zw xqJ5tx3Ôo6gi.
≈8ix9l•V
ns9l:
∑,
ˆq4
wµ4
xNCM5gx¬Ms6ym7m5
s?8•8N6
xµmc5boMs6ym7m5
xyxi4
∑yA8Nwo7m5.
N9ostMsCio gdJui6V
ns9l: ≈[Z N9os8igç¬o6gi x3ÇAco6gicw m3Î8i4. wm9o N9osto6rZw7mbo ryxi
xsˆc5bJZ5b wMq5 bwmwc5bJJ5 sx5txDo xf5gi6~lc5bJ7mb eg3zfl2S5. w˜4
cspmZmo xˆN8i9o bwµ4 cspmMsCm, w3i¿9l5gz scstMs6ym7µz ryxiÅ6 b=?
N9osto6r2X5 xsˆy˜o6fz, wmwoMs6ym7µz N9osto6rMs6t9lA xsˆyZm w7ui4
bwmw5©hQJZm,
bwmw`Q4vlx6gz
bwm5g©hQMs6ymZ
xsˆ˙Çlw5
v2Wxh9MEM-
s6ymZm. hNs=?sfx bwmw˙Dlw5.
x3ÇAcoCw7mb m3Î8i4V
ns9l: ∑.
bwm N0po5b6ft5V
ns9l: ∑, xˆNZl bwmw5©JJA4. sx5txDø˜4 xf5gi6~¬c5bJ7mb gxF`Qi6ns8i3zbo µ8No gxFo3zb rhgw8N6 bwmw7m5 yM3Jx6 mo5gA gxFo3zb.
∑, xµm5tt8izcwV
ns9l: ∑ xµm5t†8N˙a?MsC5b.
bwµ4 xsˆ`Qf∫2X5gu•5V
ns9l: ∑ wm9o tAx6Ù9loCm wFxqC kw5gA cs0pxM2XJZm, wµ4 xµmstz em5gA
s?5t8i bwmo Whcbs8i6fz wmwc5bMs6ymJz, xˆN9MEflx cwZM5gF0JxÇl4
w˚y3u1i4 si4√5 — ns9l Nvh4
89
w7jgEx6gt5gA
WJ8N`Q8Nm
cspymZ˜8Nz
wFxœ4v4
cs0pxM2X5gz
s8kx4f5
xµm5t∫lQo‰6X5bC. bwµ`Q8N6 eg3qsMsCm xµmstg6gcMs6ymq7mb eg3z4v.
wµ4 w7joF0JxǬc5bJZmo, ki?5gz s˚N xtQm x∫A x{h6Ùlq˜4 w7jcc5bJJz,
ra9o3u Ùi bwmwA8•JJz w˜4 w8Ngcso6gΩø x9˜ scs0/s?JZ5b ri5tk[Å6
wFc5b˜6fA5 w˜4 uålx`Q5gu4 w7msuAµC5b h9obsJ6 rizk5 wF5gF0JxǬ?JJz
xtQml
rizk5
w˜4
uå`Q5gu4
uå9lx`Q5gu4
bwmwd/siK5bs6
mo5gA
h9obs5tx6g6 w7jd6gN3zbÅ6 w˚C∫5 xuhxlw5 xµm5tymMs6b4v x?i, w˚Ô5
w3ix5 w˚C∫5 xuhxlw5.
w=F5 ?wFQq4vlx6gQ5V
ns9l: ?wFQ`Qb4v xµm5tç6ym/4v xuh5.
?wFcy8ˆ6gt5 b=?V
ns9l:
∑
xqÔoClx6t9lQ5
w7jwAtMs6ymJ`Q5gz.
ryxio
xqJ5tx3JD3z5
xµmA8•3z5 w3i7m5 xˆNz b=?i xµmA8•6f6 ryxi xˆNzi5, b=? bwm`Z
xµmt6n÷ wµ4 exJx¬Zlx6X xµmAmJ6 xµm5tbs0÷q5g6. m3Ît9lQ[Å6 W/Exg7mt6
xµm5t9lQ4.
Ôox: kv6t6Ùdt8i4 xµmf∫5t5tMs6ymF5V
ns9l: x{h9lrx v`AhoCu xqJx¬oCu xµmAmc5bD8•6gf¬Ms6ym7m5. W`Ax6g6
s9M5gF0JxÇl4
xµmQx6gvw8Nc5b6gi.
x3Noxm
v`AhZh7uJ6
xqJx¬o3z5
xµmdA8•C4f. ryxi iEJx¬A8Nq5g5 xµm5g5 xˆNui5 w7jc9ME5t9lQ5. wµ4 iei
iEJx¬q5g5
oMs6ym7mA
bwmwc5bJJ5
h6fwh[Zw8NuÅ6
xµmAmc5bD8•JJ6
eg3z4v.
xµm5t5gQ5
xµm2XJZu
wmwoZwZ4f
xµmMs6ymA8•6g6
mfiz
÷l
ryxi
ryxi
xµm5tl5∫9ME-
vaho6gf¬c5bJJ6
ßmJ6ys`AxD8N6gf¬JJ6
xµmc5bJJ6.
bwmw2X5gu•5 sx5txDV
ns9l: ∑, sx5txD bwmw2X5gu•5 w˜4 xˆNu8• xµmstg6gu9o cspMsq8Nm
tAxMs3Nz. w7jwAt7mbo m3Îo6g9lQ4 tAx4v4 cJ3u4 xµm5tc5bMs6∫4v4.
wo8ixt5tMs6ym8i6r9orx6 w3ih{¥i3u4V
ns9l: bwµ4 wo8ixt5ty8ˆc5bJJz w˜4 wµ4 b=?•ct8i4. wo8ixt5ty8ˆc5bJJz
90
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
bwµ4 w3ih5gictQ9lA. “wµ4 Wc5b˜C{y b=?sA8•Dm,” scst9lA x9˜ sçMst4f5
ß¿4f5 MwX w3ih{¥t9lA bwmwMs6ym7uJz ß¿4f5 xJE6yst9lA.
w3iJc‰Cw7m9orx6 ?wF w˚C∫6 rhj5 so5bs?8i6vV
ns9l: d5gCsj9o Ícc5bJJ6. d5gCs†4 xˆNzb d5gCstz v8N x∫ u6h5gA v8N
W8Nw˜4
u6h8NA,
wMq[Å6
wmwo/s?J7uZmo
svoC/3i4
xbs¥3lz¬8•5
Íc6t5t˙u•5
Íc6t5tMs6ymJq5gz
svoC/[Å
W0/wN3zb
svoC/3u4.
svoC/[Å6
h4vw5©q7mb, h4voÔ7mb wµ4 Í3u4 gnsmJz. ∑, W0/w8iC6bs7mb h4vw5g5.
sN d5gCs5 hNV
ns9l: ¥dt8i5 b2Xsˆz7mb. x7µo7u bw4fx xg6bsc5b6g6 nNymJ6, d5gCst5.
c9ov9˜i9o xgc5b6g5 c9ov9˜k5 xbq5g6.
xa†9o xbJw8N3i4V
ns9l: ∑.
bwmw5gcq4fiø esc5bC/3z5V
ns9l:
c9lˆ6bw9o
s6ƒq7mb.
tuj9o
s6ƒq7mb
WDMsCmo
bwmw5gw8N3i4
x8kÇc6gz, x8kÇ3lMs6ymMs`Q8Nmo WD6n9lz x∫bZ ßmJc5b6gx¬?J7m5. w˜4
c/3∆Zlx6 wµ4 n[Zor∫5, g5©w5 n[Zst9lQ5. do5∫3Jcw8Nc5bJZmo bwµ4 WDMsCm
x8kÇ3lMs6ymNz
hoc5bCmo
xˆNZ
nN9ME7m5
nN9ME`Q2X5
bwmwc5bvn7uJz
x8kÇ3lc5bvn7uJz wµ4 eg5gZw5 x8kÇui4v wox3J8k5 h4fk5 xqJ6√c`Q5gk5
xt/s?Ms6g5 w˜4 eg5gZw5, bwm el/4f4 s?ius∫4 bw8N ul6tg4f4 bw4fx4
WMs6ymÔ4
bwµ4
d/o9lt4
gdMs6©4
s?8k5
iEt2XJZ4r9o
wµ4
WctQ9lQ4
wox3Jw8ˆ4. wox3Ô`Q5tx6gz xqJ6√c6gzo bm4®8i4.
el/u•6V
ns9l: ∑, bw4fx4 ul6tg3l bw8N s?iusbsMs3uJ6 b2Ùic5bJÔ4.
Ôox: el/s0JtZ.
ns9l: bw8N el/ µ8NDl w˚A8•... ¬4√{ys2 koxEMs6bz. bw8NC˜Dl4. bw8No el/
xw2Ù xr˙2 koxuiz.
w˚y3u1i4 si4√5 — ns9l Nvh4
91
wo8ix6tbs0Jtuiq8i4 w=F5 scD8N6r5 c6k
wo8ix6tbs?8i3mΩ6W5V
ns9l: ∑ bwµ4 u6hi3u wo8ix6tbsc5bJJz ß5gi3u9l bm4fx ryxi wo8ix6ym9lQ
WJ8Nb4v ryxio c9lˆ6bw5 WJ8Nlx`Qb4v ≈[Z eg5gZw5 WJ8Ni6n4v ho?5gz
c9lˆ6b/4 WJ8N3u/Clx4v x0pŒ5t`Qb4v. dFxQ`Qb4v nNQxqb ryxi g5gC/4f5
mfx ey4f5 dFxQi6nEMs6b4v. s9¬8i4 m3Î8i4 do5bo˙aJz c9lˆ6ysbsZlx6v5
egmgx6vb
bwµ4
nN˙aKz.
s9¬4
m3Î4
do5b6
W/‰˙Ec5bbC.
hoc5b6gz
cspm/sJz wµ4 Wlx`Q5gz bwµ4 ryxi WJ8Ni8i4 Wgw8N6gz W4√¬iC`Q5gz.
WJ8N3iC ryxi mo5bC. ∫4fx cspmJ5 xˆNzl ∫4fx cspm5tx6g5 xˆNzl kvEZ4f.
x8kÇ3lMs6ym`Q8Nm hDysi8i5 wµÇl4 WsQ/s5b?JZm hDyD¬t9lz.
kN6vtŒq5g5 x0pŒ2Xiq7uJ5 nNymiq5V
ns9l: ∑ x0pŒ`Q5g5 ho bwm`Zoµ6 µ8N ryxi xJE7mb s˚ˆl4 xtQc6Xo3uJ5
c9lˆ6bw5.
u6hd/sc5bi`QMt5 sw5 xs9M6ymoCw7m5V
ns9l: ≈[Zw u6hw8Nc5b˙a?JJzo. ryxio u6h9lz xvsJz nNlzo ryxi.
yi8ixoCwZm k6vX5gz wo6fyEZ4f. wo6fyE9M∫C4f, wo6fyE9lA ryxi WJ8NN6g6
WJ8NNq7m5 wo6fyENA bwm`Zoµ6.
xy?6ymMs3li tr2X5 bfix5nstQQxc2X5bu•5V
ns9l: wvJExc6XJ7uJA9o x∫bK5 trZw7m5 e7u9l m5bt6gQ5, w˜4 ej{yc5bt9lQ5
x9˜5
X3Nt9lA
x∫b5t8i4
wvJc5bJJA5
k√4vl
wk©o6t9lAl
x∫bK5
wµ4
wvJ6gx¬c5bJJA5 N0p5bClxC5b bwµnw8N6 x∫bK5 N9oQ9lA.
bm8N scsys7m5 wvJExc3i6...
ns9l: ∑.
scs0/sym9ly wvJw8NX8i6ryV
ns9l: ∑, wvJw8NExcC5b scs0/symiK5 mo5gA. wµ[Å evgw8Nc5b6g6 wkgcD6X9oxi6ns7m5.
wmwos6bs?J7uJA9o
wµ4
W[Zo6X9oxi6ns7mb
wkw5.
92
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
evgw8Nc5b6g5
gnsmF9orx6 w3iC∫6gw5 xsqDtZw7mb ck W/s?8i3mΩbV
ns9l: wµ4 wu3u4 ynwzJu5 is6ytc5b6gQ5 xsqDtJ5 W˙a7uJ5 wu6 ynwzlA
ßNlx3NA
is6yc5b3iz
Wsy?9oxJ6
xq9o?9oxli
xsqDtymJ5
bwmwc5bJJ5
h3CX9ox7m5
wu3j5.
bwµ4
xsqDt?Ms6ymJ`Q5gD¬Jzo
xsz
kvflZ
xsqDtJmw8Nsc5bJ7m5 xˆNK5 bwmw5©J7m5 xˆNui4 mo5g6, mo˙aZ5∫ xˆN5t8i4.
s?z mo{ym`Q8Nm. xˆNK5 xsqDtisngw8N6©÷6XJ7m5 hDyst9lz. w˜4 bwµ5bs6
is6ytbs?J7m5 cspmJx¬Zm wo`ZZm bwmw˙a?Ms6gz µ8No bwmwA8•6gz.
sc6vsZϘ4 x3Nlv5 w3iŒCwm5 S˜Ex6bsZM2X8iE? ?wFV
ns9l:
∑,
bf/6gg5bs6
bwµ4
dFx5g5.
hDyflw9l
b=KΩJ5
bwmwc5bJJ5
bf/6g6gF0JxǬ?JJ5 w3ixaC∫u4 dFxQ/s9li.
tÅt/sc5b3iE? ∫8NAl4V
ns9l: bwmwbsc5bJ7uJ5 sc2XJ7uJz fiZ{ns`Ax`Q5g6 fi5bs?7uJ6, bwµ5bs6
dFxQ/s9lt4 x7ml bwµ4 xtc6t5t˙aZ5b x5t6h6bs˙a7mb ∫8Ns`Ax6to6gA
wMq bwmw7mb, bwmwcyst7mb x9˜5 bwmw5gflw5.
∑, b=?icw ∫8N x3Nlv w3it9lA, yMu gnC8ˆ6gu•V
ns9l:
∑,
wMq6vw
wy˙ac5bJJ5
hD¥5
ˆM5gD¬c5bJJ5.
bf/6g6g5
w˜4
wµ4
i9o6gcCw7m5
s8kx4ƒ`Q7µ5.
bf3?9˜JcoCw7m
s8kxf9o
≈[Z
xw2XDl7mo
xq3CCwZ8k4 scst?J7µz, “w3iD¬/ClxE¿V” wmwo?J7µz, s8kx4f5 xq3CCwZm.
emZ{nsoClxz8k
em7mΩf
ryxi
xWE˙a?JJ6
bwµ4
cspmZuz
emw-
cb5D8N`Q5gz w3iymo6©Zlxu4.
x÷÷8i xWEvw8N3MŒ5V
ns9l: x÷÷D8N`QMzo. ho5txCm.
cspmF x÷÷u4V
Xsly: x÷÷¨4V
w`Qd/sc5bMs6ymF5bs6V
Xsly: Wbc`Q7m5 x÷÷6 s?8i.
w˚y3u1i4 si4√5 — ns9l Nvh4
93
eMs0÷6V
Xsly: ∑.
x÷÷c5bMs6ym`QMt5, x3N5 ryxiV
Xsly: gnsm`Q7u/Co m8N.
ns9l: ∫?i bwmw5©Ms`Q5gA5 w˜9o kN5t8i.
vb0/c5bMs6ymF5bs6V
Xsly: bwm vb0/3iC˙a7mb µiusk9o ∑3Ω7u4 bw/sZ/6X9MwZlx6t9lA. ∑3Ω6g5,
m3Î/Exc6X5gt4 ∑3Ω6g5 bwm bw4fx vb0/3iC6g5 bwmw5©iC2X5g5.
kN6vty bwmwos6Xi3uJw5V
Xsly: ∑3Ωo5∫6gt9o.
cspMs34ym`QMt5 xati4V
Xsly: ∑, w˜4 ∑3ΩEst5 u{~k5 WJ8N`Q7uZ4f g~JD¬?JZlx3uJz ∑3Ωo5∫6gi4
vb0/3iC6bsZ/6g{nsJ5.
gnMs6ymqMt9oV
ns9l: x6ni9o ryxi cspmJz. m3Dw8ˆi cspmJz ˆbNw4f4 se5g4f4 vb0/c5bJ7mt4 bwmo cspm/gx4v4 hDyst9lz. se5©Ms6g6 bw8N. x7ml ˆbNw vgm ¥Xs2
xˆNQJ/z
kNoC˜a?9MwJ6
v8N
XNÙys2
koxz
bwm
∫4fx4
cspm÷4v4.
bf8Nc5bJ÷4v4 hDys9lz. bw4fx©÷6©4 cspm÷4v4 w˜4 h6fwQ÷4v4, bw4fx4.
∑3Ω6gi5bs6 ryxi sc6bt5V
ns9l:
vb0/3iCC5tAø4fx.
w˜4
µiusb{n/s8i`Q7mt9o.
µio
bwmwos6gi4
cspMs`Q5gz w˜9o kN5t8i w˜4 bwm bw4fx cspm/gxE?J÷4v4 m8iox6g5
vt/CwZu4
kN6vtŒq8Nu4
wmwoz9lt9o.
wmwoz?7mbo
bwmwosc5bt9lQ5
w˜4
†Ï4f.
wµ9o
cspm/gx4v
wmwoz9lt
m3Dw8ˆ4.
wµ9o,
Gthroat singingH
wmwosc5bJÔ4. bm8N hDys9lz xg`Axc5bJ7u/C w˜4 bw4fiz wobui6g6ys6gz
∫{huz. bwmos`Ax6XJKA5 hDyD¬9lb s?zø˜4 kv6t6ÙaMsCm bm4fN`Z5. bv8N
94
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
xqJ5tti bvguz Ne wµ4 xaMJF0JxǬ?JJ6 Ne. WJ©Am?JJzo Ne bv8N
cspm5tx6g6.
xw2Xz ∑3Ω5b6f xw2Xz vb0/6g6.
ns9l: vb0/6gio ryxi gnc5bJZm w˜4 bw4fizw8N6 vb0/8iCc5bJ7mbo w˜4
µius{n/s8i`Q7mt4.
Xsly: ∑ X8i6©6Xys8i`Q7m9o.
ns9l: bµi WD3i`Q7mt4 ∫?i.
Xsly: ∑.
søWv: w4fx vb0/6gw5 mfx vb0/3iC6bs˙5 vbc5bi3z∫V
ns9l: ≈5˙ gryym`Q5gz. wµ9o x/2Ùc5bstc5bo3zb †Ï4f5 bf8ˆ6bK5, wµ9o wMq
wµ4 sfx rxtq4 mo5gQ5 bwmosc5bMs6ymJ5 ∫8N xi3ii mo5gA.
∑3Ωu4 h7m5 bw/s?V
Xsly: ckrx6, ≈6r{ym`Q7uZ4f gnsmgw8N5tx3uZ4f.
cz4f9o bwm2Xi3zb, dFx˙tc6gt4 s=?¬8•5...
ns9l: vt/CwZu4 kN6vtŒ`Q8Nu4 bwmwc5bMs6ymJ5 wµ4 vt/CwZu4 Nugw8N6 kNu.
Xsly: dFxhDl5gt5bs6.
ns9l: bm8N cs0ptQMs6bC. ∫8Nl GXslyH kN6vtŒ{ym`Q7uZ8k4 ∫4fxo X8i6©2
wMDJz•ym7mb µio mgm wMDJzi kNc6XJZ5b.
sfx xa†5 N9oQ/si6nsÔ÷c5bMs6ym?5 ?wFs9lt4V
ns9l: Xi5∫Cm x{hxl N9oQMs6ym/C Xi5∫EsCm wµ4 x8kC0psq8Nc5bJ/C.
xa†5 N9oQ/si6nsÔ÷c5bi6vbV
Xsly: bm8N rslxD8N`Q7u/C N9oQ/w8Ns?MsC5b, x3Nw9l xa†9l N9oQ/w8Nsc5bt9lQ wMzA5 bm8N scsyEJ8N6bgxC.
w˚y3u1i4 si4√5 — ns9l Nvh4
95
xy?ExMs6ymF5bs6V
ns9l:
xy?Ms6ym`QMz
x3NsZm.
x3NsZm
xy?3i7u4
cspm`Q5gz
hoJzo
xy?Ms6ym`Q5gzo, wµ4 ryxi i2XEx6ymJi wkgc3i b=?gx3o N5t6 wµ9o
s?z©Ms6ym`Q5gzo ≈[ZsZlx6 mfiz t7uxi4 rhgw8N3i4. bm4fxo Wym/4v bm4fx
g5g5 N5tEsMs6ymNz WZm.
wMq6vw x3Nw5 bwmw2X8i3uÔZlx5V
ns9l: ∑ bwmc5bJJ5 t7uxi9l xbq6ym/DlZlx4v bm4fxo WMs6ym`QN4r w˜4
drstcw8N6tbs?JZlx6gz
x∫bm
yi5bExcCw7m5
mfiz
D¬JZlx6gz. bwµ4 drs7u4 emwFŒ8N5txc5b˙E?MsÇz.
96
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
drEx˙ac5b6g-
Xsly x1µo4
x0pos6b6: KwgE4 lAÇ8-j5
xW6h6t5: mwN wh9lb6 x7m ∑N xo?6b6
gnπ: søWv wr9lx6
cz w˚8i3mΩ6W5 cspAm5b6fz
Xsly: cspJm5b6ft !(!!, x5©=? !. X8i6©2 er6bq8i w˚Ms6fz.
r4fi9orx6 xqJ6√cMs6r5V
Xsly: xqJ6√cMs6gz u6fyxu4 xˆNcMs6gz xˆN7mE8i4.
x∫bw9orx6V
Xsly: wµ9M5∫6 s9lusJ6 scD8No6bC dkJ3ixZuisZucw x∫b8i5 swQqbzi5
xˆNm N0pxaiƒZm.
xˆNw6vw xy8ix6guˆl4V
Xsly:
dkJ8ix6bui6
s9lusJ
dkJ8ix3i
Nr
W7mΩ
gryJm?7u/ClxC.
scsygcsq7m dkJ3ix3i µi s6f3usi scsygcs`Q7m5 dkJ3ix3i. s9lusJ3o
ryxi scsyE/so6g.
w˚y3u1i4 si4√5 — Xsly x1µo4
97
rNs8i3zrxzw x∫b9M‰V
Xsly: ƒXo. m3D8i˜4 bw/s?J7m5 ƒXo, x6v9M.
w˜9orx6 xWE8iq5txCm Nu w˚8i3mΩ6W5V
Xsly: X8i6©2 er6bq8i. er6bi x3?Zhx3Fs?Ms6gu.
c5ti cbatc3i6r5V
Xsly: xˆN8i5 N/cMs6gz m3Î8i4, xqJcMs6gz Wzhi4 b9omi4 cspm/8i9o
cb`AtcMs6gz xˆN8i5. bw8N xqJ5t6ÙEMs6bK5 xw5bw8N6 x3NsJ6, kvz
uxo ∫4fx xa†5 xgzs/6 xqJ5t6ÙaMs3uJ6 w4rC, s∂d, ∫4fxaMs6g5.
kv6t6Ùa9l†5V
Xsly: ∑ kv6t6Ùa9lz.
xqJ6√F9orx6 xqJ6√q4 h6fwQFQ4V
Xsly: iqscMs6gz eu6W7u4, cspm`QbC ck6 swc3i3mΩ5.
x∫bF9o xqJ6√q4 r4ƒ8i3zt4V
Xsly: ≈XC˜ucw x∫boui6 cspm/6ÙlZ bwm koxEMs6bDlx ∑ym5tx6bC. ∑
mm5tx6.
rNu9orx6 koxc3i6r5V
Xsly: xw5bwN3u4 koxcEx`Z6ymJz. f9¬6vsÔZlx6 cspm/yV
W5ts˜6V
Xsly: Ne2 xqJz, xqJ5t6 Neu5. Neu4 kvflc6XMs6g6.
xhø4fx wM6Ùlt5. ∫8N gd7m5 kox5 koxi4vi3i`QMt5V
Xsly: ≈[Ûl gdJmJxlgw8Nw5.
98
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
sN eg3z∫3FQ8i6rs4 yK9o6Ùu koxu•5V
Xsly:
∑aZlx6
ryxi
gdzs6gf¬7u7mb
b=?
¥u
x7µo4
b=?
bw{hm`Z5
ßmJ©o3z5. kv6t6ÙdtQMs6ym/K4 xw5bw8N3l.
c5ti4 eg3zcMsClxC{y4V
Xsly:
¥u,
/wWt,
≈u,
nwj,
tnmwaZlx3zb.
w3•8Nw5,
Xi5∫EQx6bflQ-
Ms6ym/ClxK4 wWbflQMs6ym7mA w˚6nNi.
xt6∫3iq7mE5g3øV
Xsly:
∑
xt6∫D8Nq7mE5t9lA
w˜4
bw/siz
cspm`QbC.
xfisq5gfl4
wWbflQ8i3zA yi5g•˜4 wFxq3uicw xµm5t8Nh5gis4 wFxq3ui5 mg8i3zA.
∫8N koxEQx`ZMs6ym/w5 ck6 kox6∫EifQFs4
W{n6∫6tbs9l†5V hDysi8i¬8•5 kox{nEo6bu•5V
Xsly:
hDysi8i
kox{nEMs`Q4vlx6gA
ÏF4ƒJÔZlx4
Xiz8i4
hDyst9lA
kox{nc6tbsMs6ymJZlx6gz koxiA8N6y`Qlx6gz kox6∫aMs6ym7m5. bw8N
tAx6tDl7m
x7µos0JtDl7m
koxzb
xqJ{~b
tAxEMs6bz
xw5bw8N6.
koxEQx`ZMs6bC x3N7u4 xˆN9MEcMs6©Zlx6. tAxactQMsC4f bw8N.
r4fi9o tAxa8i6r5V
Xsly: x7µos0JtDlc6fz tAx6t8i4. ≈y?7u koxcMs3z5 b=? tAx6tQMs6∫4v4.
er6bi WD2X9oxMs6r5V
Xsly: ∑.
koxi4v8iCF9orx6 rNs8i6vV
Xsly: xw5bw8N6bs6. xw5bw8Nw8N3i4 koxi{ymJz.
eg3z∫3i6ry4 ∫8NlV
Xsly: b=? Xigxc6fz X8i6©u uxou4.
w˚y3u1i4 si4√5 — Xsly x1µo4
99
xh koxi4v8i...
Xsly:
≈[Zw
ho
koxi4v8iDmZlx6gz
gdgw8N˜6g{nsKz.
c9lˆu4
koxid/s?4vlx6gz c9lˆ6 X8i6©u. ≈8ix˙6tu9l koxid/s?4vlx6gz wµ4
eyoEJ8Nq5gxl4 c9lˆ6. hNs=?Å6 wo4√¬t9lQ5 xqc5b`QMs6ymZm xJE{hwp4f8i5 Xøy4f8i5 wkoEp4f8i5 glZ3u wkoEpc6gb bm4fiz c9lˆu4 koxid/s?JZlxCm.
hNs=?.
eyoEJ8Nq5gD¬7m5
xqc5bMs6ymq7uZm
ßmJ6ysq8Nc5b3ix6gQ9lz
x?`Z5
eF5©3usbui3u4
w˜4
w˚yoµ8i
≈[Zo
w6f9o6√6t8Nz
kox6∫E˜6b8i4 trs0pFsZm d/8N¨gw8No6ymJz.
Nuusb3u[Å6V
Xsly: eF5©3usbui3u4 er6b3Jx3usbso6g6.
rNs8i6v ∫8NV
Xsly: uxo.
eg3z6∫3FQJ8•6bu•9øV
Xsly: ∑ s?z hNs=? eg3z6∫D8NClx6t9lA s?zcw N0pt5tA8NwoJD¬8iCm
xs9M6ym9lio
≈8ixFox6ym9li
g˜5gu
∫?•5gi
N0pJxl4
troMs6ym7u7m5
N0pJ8Nw9ohQJ{ns8iClxCu ∫?i N0pMe/s8i3z5.
xy8ix6guˆlV
Xsly: ∑. eg3z6∫vw8NMs6ymÔZlxuJA4 xfisq5gfl4 w˚J8•Ms6ym7u7m5.
∫8No x3Nlvui6 s=?¬8•5 xatV
Xsly: xatf¬Zlx6.
xtc3iq5g6bs6V
Xsly: ∑. xtcD8N6yJ`Q7uJ6.
tAxMs6ym8i`QMt5, tAxc3i`QMt5V
Xsly: b=? s9lusJ6 /wWt x7µo4 cspm/w5V
100
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
∑, ∫8N uxol tAxui6yV
Xsly: ∑, ∫8Nl tAxui6S4 x7ml ∫8N x3Nsi6n6 ≈Wx vq6gÛW7usbsZ/6gfl4
µ8N vq6gÛW7usb{n/f¬7m5 s?i wcl8i w3ixa/6gMs6ymJÎ6 wi{n{ys6bso3z5
xˆNzbÅ6
Wym0÷`Q7mA
swzb
eg3zE`Q7mA5bs6.
wi{n{ys6bsJ6
gnC8k4
WJmoMs6ym/K4 w5ym/siz W0JtQ9lA. b=? tAxEcyst?C, tAxE9MEMsC5t4f4.
w˚C∫uif¬t9lA
ho
u5txz
xbt9lA
≈8ix˙6ts2
bwfz
er6b3Jxj5
s?5t8˚D0/s9li er6b3JxoxD0/sMs6ymJ6.
sfx koxEc5b6bui6t5 ≈8ix9lt4 gdc5b6gu•5V
Xsly: ∑. wµ4 s[Z6h5gt4 Wym`Q7uÔZlx5 bw8N yK9o6ÙdtflQMs6bC xw5bw8N6
S?wA5gf¬Ms6g6.
xw2Ùorx6V
Xsly: ck9M5∫rx6 bwµ5bs6 S?7uiD¬?9MwJ6 wµ4 iÙ3li5bs6 Wymq7uÔZlx6
w˚J8•3iƒ7uJ6
˙3l
bwµDÔ0/q5©Zlx6
x7m
bwm
ra9o6Ù6
ho
bwµ4
ho.
xu˙5bdˆisZlx6 who5gD¬QK5.
er6bi w˚8iCF5 ∫?i WD{nMs6r5V
Xsly:
∑,
wMzi
bvNi
hDysMs6gz
bw8N
x7µos0JtQiC6X5bC
m3Î8i4
kNc6ƒpMs3z5 er6bil µil w9lzÔiC5bs?5gu m3Î8i4 kNcc5bMs3z5 ∫4fx
bm3u4
hDys=FQym9lQ4
w9lzJi
WD6n9MEoMs6gz
w8ND3FQ9lAl
ßmJ6ys3FQ-
J8N6y9lAl bwmwMs6gz b2Ùi.
w˚o6t9lt5 x3?ix6gcc5bi6vV
Xsly: ∑, h6fwh4vlx6gz ryxi hDyslx3iƒj5 x3?Zhx6gk5 WcbsA8N6yymq5gz
sW3Ω6 xbsy6 x7µos0JtDl7m wMs6vtMs6ymZlx3uÛz x3F{ysClx6gt4 ryxi
x3?Jq7mb w˜4 x3FoD¬Zlx6 bw{hmi x3Fys6gt4 sW3Ωoµ5tx6 wMs6vtMs6ymZlx3uÛz x3?Zh8is2 u{~k5 wo8ix6tZh{y8ˆE9liz hNs=?.
er6bi x3?ix6gc2Xi6vV
Xsly: ∑ er6bi x3?ix6gc2XMs6g6.
w˚y3u1i4 si4√5 — Xsly x1µo4
101
c9lˆco6t9lAø bs?i er6bi w˚iC6vsF5V
Xsly: ∑. bwm kbCs9lz cspFQMs6ym7u/C xms9lz si4√EJ8N3u/C. xms9lz
h6fwh4vm.
ckw2Xi6ry sux3Jx6 trZw7m5V
Xsly: iWe5gx¬o6XJJ5 dFxh5g5.
b=? c9lNs/D8N6gç3J8Ny wkw8ˆ¬9ly c9lˆk5 tr∫¬9lyV
Xsly: bm4fx wMq5 x7µos0JtDlZw˜4 c9lNs/hǬq8NMs3z4. c9lˆt©D8NZM5gx¬c5b6XMs3zb s?A9o c9lNs/D8NMs`Q5gx¬Z5b.
hDys9lt5 sux3Jx5 ∫sK`Z6X5gu•5 s=?¬8•5 w˚h5©o6t9lt5V
Xsly: ∑. hDyst9lzo er6busbsMsCm ryxi hDys9lz sux3Jxbsc5b6XMs6g9o
hDyst9lz.
gnsm5b3uZm x3Nlvw4 eg3z∫6X8i3zb c9lˆi5 b=¿vj9¬8•5
bm8N gnsmFs4V
Xsly: ∑. yKi5t8i, s?A5 yKi5t8i bm8N xg6bsc5b6ymJ6. bwµ4 gnsm/C.
gnsmgw8N6bw5bs6V
Xsly: ∑. gnsmgw8N6bC bfym`QbC, gnsmgw8N9ME5bC h9obs6ƒ6g6 bm8N.
w˜4, wkw5 c9lˆi5 N0po6Xi3zb si4√EZ˜A8N6rs4 bm8N
gnsm/w5V
Xsly: xg6ym`QbDlQZ4f ryxi. N0ptbsc5b6gui3i4 gnsmgw8N9ME9M5∫6gf¬9lz
b=? Wq5gz ∫8N scsyE6vs/w5 b=¿vj5 wMq5 eg3z∫6X5gu•5 swq8k9lÅ6
to/s5tx7mE5gt4 b=¿vA8ifj5 bwµ4 Wc5bguis7mb.
swq5 x8iDh2X8i`Q9ME5g5 b=¿vu4 W5bgxDt4V
Xsly: koxi gi9lA c9lˆj5 b=¿v∫3ix3z5. wµ4 ∫8N gnsm/9MEQ?Ms6bC
xbsyx3NA
gnc5b6ymZ4f
si4√EJ8N6vC
ryxi
xbsyx3lA
Wbc`AxC/`QM6 µ8N s?8i.
102
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
gnMs6ymA4f
xy?3i7u4, hDys9lt5 wMsc5boMs6ymF5V
Xsly: x{hxl9o.
czo e7udt∫Ms6ymF5V
Xsly: hDyst9lzo x9˜5 x7µos0JtDl7m w˜4f5 ej{yD8N6ytMs6ym7mz, x{hxl4
wonF0Jx6ym7µz
u{~k5
x7µos0JtDl7m
won/3Jx3Eym/DlQ7µz
ßmJ6ys3is2
u{~k5.
wMs/6tF0Jx6gz
woz÷Dt?C
ßmJ6ys3is2
ßmJ6ys7mE5gi
ßmJ6ys3i6
W/ExgMs3z5.
rho h6fwQFs4 rhu4 ßmJ6√3i3mΩ6W5V
Xsly: N5t3u4 bw{hm xˆN9MEQiC6vs/m tAxD¬oClx6t9lzo dMq6y˙Çl?Ms3z9o
sW3Ω4f5 wµ N5tCh5gt4 swq5 x3?Zhxo6t9lQ5 yˆoiC6bst9lQ5.
ck6 sfx koxq5 i2XEx6ym9lt4... ckV
Xsly: koxq5 ej{ys0/sgw8N6gt4. bwµ4 dMq6yx6gx¬?J7mb. N5tuˆ¬?5gt4
bwµ4 xˆNm N5tEs6tMs6ym¿z dMq6yJi Nso{yZm.
sW3z~4f5V
Xsly: sW3Ω7mE4f5. bwm N5tEsDtQMs6ym/C bw8N SwA0÷`QbC.
w=F5 ej{yq8k5 stvw8N3Mz, c5ti4 e7uc2XJF5V
Xsly: x?i w9lzJi e7ur5©?Ms`Q5gx¬7uZm ie{nu4 uNst{n4v xqJu4 sixD8Ndj c5†8NDl8i4 e7ucDmhw5gx¬Ms3uZm ie{nz5 ˆ7mt2Xv4r5. bwµ4 e7ucc5bMs6gz @)-slxq5gD¬Zlx6gt4 x?i !) sz∫•q8N3lt4 ryxi ˆ7mQ?MsC4f.
wmw5g sc6vsZFi˜4 xˆNy i2XEx6tbs?8iz∫V ej{yj5
≈bs9lt4V
Xsly:
∑,
ej{y5
xa7u9l
wµ9o
scD8N6gu4
wq3C5t/Exc6gt4
˙3l
yr©6
xdtQ`AxClx3lA wq3C5tpzi4 bw/s?Ms3zb.
em5bs9lt4 ∫4fx ck3o xw/s?8i6v5V
Xsly: i2Ù6y?9oxJ5 ej{yu5 Wh5gt9l i2Ù{n6yso6g5 W?J7mb. i2Xix6bui4.
w˚y3u1i4 si4√5 — Xsly x1µo4
103
e7uq9o bµi sb6rJ5V
Xsly: e7uq9o5bs6 xa7j5 wq3C5tpz8k5 vmQ/5.
drstc6gt ∫4fxV drstcMs6t8NQ5V
Xsly: Ns4fbw8N3j9ø4fx W?JJ5. sˆq8N3k5 b=?`Z5bw8N6 wMq5 N5t9˜?JJ5,
x3NDlw5 N5t6buˆlq8i4.
N5tEsCF5 sW6vNMs6ymQ?V
Xsly: x{hxl4.
rhQsCw7mb W`AxDbs?8i6v5V ≈[ÛV ie{nsgw8NX5gu•5V
Xsly:
∑.
bw8N
ryxi
nNpz¬8•5
∫{hm
W/EsD∫b
wMzi4
Wtbsq8N-
Exc6XMs6g6 w˜3Jxi4.
iEF0JxDbs?5gui6 ∫8N rhQsD∫ V
Xsly: ∑ kabs5tx3li5bs W/Exc6XMs3uJ6. bwµ4 xvsˆCw7m5 xvsˆ`Q5gj5bs6
≈[ZsJ{ns7uÔZlx6.
czo ej{ylxD8•c5bi3zbV
Xsly: ryxi b=Kz X8i6©j kxbs7mbo X8i6©usi w˜4 m4fx e7¨/3Ns∫i !(^@.
!(^@-DJ7ucw. WQxo6ymJ6.
kNoC˜a9ly b=?V
Xsly: ∑.
e7uq5 cK5gu•5V
Xsly: ∑.
∑N:
gnsmDJ7uZm w5gC msz ej{yc5bMs6ym7mΩ5 h6fwQFs4V /wuy
xo?6b6.
ns9l:
r7jxcbsc5bJJ6,
r7jx8iC6bs7mb
b2Ù`Û6g5
wmwos6gc2XJJ6. wMQ/sc5bJJ6 bw8N.
104
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
msz,
vq?6g5
µ`Z5.
∑N:
hoxc5bi3z5 mszV
ns9l: bwµ9o rhgw8N3icw ≈5t?5gu•5 tt6vi4 wµ9o sçMstc6gc`Q7m5 bwm
c9lˆ5 bwfz X8i6©j5 ms`ZoCw7mb wMQ/sc5bJJ6 wMQ/sq8N`Q4vlx6gt4.
hJ6V r7jx s=?¬8•5 t7jxV
ns9l: r7jxg[Å6 msz, vq?6g[Å6 µ`Û6g5. b2Xsz, s˚Nl bwµ{nw8N6 sw?6gt4
vq?6g5.
ns9l: w˜4 scsbsc5b˙a?Ms6g6, scsbsc5b˙6.
e7¨/6gx¬Z{yo, e7uyo ka5tx6gu•5V
Xsly:
ka5txq5gD¬Zlx5
kaDt5tx7mEJ`Q4vlx3uZmo
xux4fyJD¬Zlx5
ryxio
wMq5
kaDt8i3mΩb
kaDt`Q4vlx6t9lb
gryym`Qb4v
czb˙4f5
X8i6©j5
kxbsoJZ5b.
cspm/sD¬/3i6ry N¨7mΩy, Nu wkc3mΩ5V
Xsly: kNø5 cspm÷¬Ms3zb.
bw{hmi e7¨/6t9lQ5, e7¨/6t9lQsq5g6, √5gi4
cspc5bMs6ymQFyV
Xsly:
∑,
√c5b6gD¬Ms6g5
∫4fN`Z9o
x7µos0JtDl4ft8i
bwv`Zi5
h6fwho6X9oxi8i5 √8N6gu4 bftbsMs`Q8Nm bm8N √c5b3•5 mfx si4√6gflw5
ghQ6ƒpgw8N˙ΩClx4v s?zo √5tbsc5biui8i4 si4√{nc3Nz √5tbsMs6ym`Q8Nm
bwv`Z5
WD{ni8i5
ryxi
∫4fN`Z5
tAx6t8i5
xKtymNhxc5boC∫Cm
ie
ka˙aizi4 bfobw8N6ymZm.
gry`Q5txC4f sN xKtV
ns9l: xKtJ6. b=?i NJ6bu•A8•6g6.
w7ui4 WZho6t9l¥V
ns9l: ∑, w7ui4 WZh5gb.
w˚y3u1i4 si4√5 — Xsly x1µo4
105
Xsly: w7ui4 WNhoC∫Cµ, ∑.
ns9l: b=? xKtJ6.
Xsly: b=? xKtymNhoc5bCm wµ4. h3l, x∫b{y8i5 xKtymZ{y µ8N bwm, bwµ5bs.
∫8N grQJ8N6bz.
Nu √5gcc5bMs6ym7m5V Nurx3zwV
Xsly:
Nugw8N6
kNø5
√8iC5bs˙ac5b6XMs6g5
∫4fxnw8N©q5g6
kNø5
Nugw8N5tx6.
bw{hmi ˚tbsZ{y czb˙u4 yK9o6Ùu bf/EsMs6r5V xw/sZ{y,
czb˙4f5 xw/si6r¥˜4V
Xsly: ∑ czb˙4f xw/sJJA5.
bf/EsDtu•5 czb˙u4V
Xsly: ≈[Zw, sNb6gx¬t9lQ5 uxo4v5 czb˙z8i4 yKizA5 bfc5b6ymJz.
v2WxNMs6ym? czb˙u4 bf/Es6giV
Xsly: ∑, ∑XlD¬/6.
Nj5 u8i3z5 czbh6V
Xsly:
wµk5
bw4fx
uxo4v5
czb˙q5
m3Î4
X8i6©j5
trMs6ym7mt4
sNb6gx¬t9lQ5. wµk u˙C¬J7mb.
x3ÇAz h6fwQFsV
Xsly: !($%-cw bµi wMz.
X8i6©j ˚tbsi6ryV !(%$ bµiV
Xsly: ≈[Z !(^@ bµio ciQ÷i X8i6©j ˚tbsymKz X8i6©u srx9oo6gb !(^#u
xJE{hwptg5
wMw/l,
xi3ioxaMs6©Zlx3l
xJE6hwptg5
Ms6ymJA5 X8i6©u.
106
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
wo8ix2Ù9¬bs-
bw{hmi xw/sZ{y ˚Am8i6ryV
Xsly:
WJmJ`Q4vlx3uZmo
e7uç3J4vm,
W/slzo
ryxi
xq3lz
ryxi
W/{nsJ7u7mb X8i6©oxD0/soMs6ymJz.
h7m9orx xq3i6rQ5, dk8iCÏ5, v2WxQ8iCFŒ5V
Xsly: √8ix6gQ/sZ5bcw. bwµaJ{nsJ6 ryxi.
c7mc6gy b=? er6bi xw/si6ryV
ns9l: ≈[Zw.
N¨t9lyo xw/si6ryV
Xsly: µio w9lzJ•8iC6vs/8i.
c7mc6gy b=? emgw8N6byV
Xsly: ∑ bwm w3igxEiC6vs/C ¥u e7u8i XX5tix3z5 X8i6©oxD0p˜3z5 bwm
czb˙4ƒJq5g3o. e7uk5 X8i6©∆Ω˜3z5. X8i6©oxDty8ˆ3lQ5 bw4fx e7ux3J4v
xux4fQ/4v. bwmwozsMs6ymJ5 bm4fx e7¨Atq8iq5, cspmN6g5.
srs3z9o ∫4fx X8i6©∆o6gu•5V
Xsly:
bm8Nbw8NsZlx3ucw ∫4fx s9l6gyt9lA X8i6©∆6bsJZ5b gWc3F{nDoC-
lx6t9lA i9Mhlxc5bClx6t9lA ryxi5 s8kx4f5 ye8it8NA.
ns9l: µ0pu bwf`ZJJ5.
∫4fxo rhy emgw8Ntx6byV
Xsly: ∑, xg3ixbw8Nt8io W9lb, w˜4 raizA9o WJ8N6gD¬Zlx6gA5.
w˜9orx6 vttbs/Excc5bMs6ry eg3z6∫Ms3Ny sx5txD bwµ4
Wd/cc5bi6v5V
Xsly: ∑ µ8NoÅ6 ryxi egzø5 c5tx¬o6vb ryxi vttbs/Exc6©÷6Xo3zb.
≈[ZsJ{nsÔZlx6. vttbsnCw2XMs6g9o bw{hmi4v8i6.
w˚y3u1i4 si4√5 — Xsly x1µo4
107
bf/Esc5bst... w˜4 cktQ vtC∫5txt9lQ4 vttbs/‰c5b6gu•5V
Xsly: ≈[ZsJ{ns7uÔZlx6 xvsˆ6ym`Q5g5 xvsˆ6ymiq5 bwµ4 vttbsŒc5bX9Mw?Ms6g5. bwmwoz{˙/`Q4vlx6gt4.
xF5gc2XMsE? vt7mJi4V
Xsly: ∑. xF5gc3Ôuc5bX9MwJ6 bwm`Zoµ6, µ8N ryxi csbµ6b6ƒpo6g5.
w˜4 bw{hmi5bs6 bwmwc5b6XMs3uJ5 vttbsymÔZlx5V
Xsly: xF8i6 bm8N cspmNw8N6g6 bwm`Z5. ryxi s9lusJu5 xFZM`Qi6nsc5b6XMs6g5 s9luo µ8N whm6˙tgw8Ns÷o3z5.
hDysi3k5 st3MzV
Xsly: whm6h6ft5.
hDys9ly ck W`AxDycc5bMs6ymFyV
Xsly: x9˜9o e7us2 xNuiq8i4 W`Axc2XMs6gA. e7us xNuiDlq8i dx3isZlx
W`Axc2XMs6gA.
W`Axc2X5gbl
e7u`Ax{nw5
xJ3NlxCw7mb
dxDlw5,
e7uj5
xNuiDlw5 bm0/s`AxD8Nu7mb.
e7u`AxE9lys4V
Xsly: ∑.
ns9l: ∑.
wµ4 tAux6gQ5V
Xsly: ≈[Zw, ej{y`Axa9lt4 yMu. yMu W`Ax6gb.
xyq8i4 W`AxDtc2X8iEFyV ej{y`Ax3is2 xyxi4V
Xsly: ∑D¬÷¬Zlx6 wµ9l w9lFZos`Ax6gb W?J7uZ5b xStc6t9lA x7ml xs8ist9lA w9l`AxaiC6bs˙i4. w9l`Axc2XJZ5b kox`Axof¬?5gb. ∑ bwmw2XJJA5.
108
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
xW6h8ixo3uZ5b ∑Nl, s2W3is2 u{~k5 xW6hix6gz scMsCF
wo8ixcbsc5b3iCF5, c5ti4 x3ÇAc6gt5 WQxo3i6r5V
Xsly: s?i ryxi X8i6©u !(^#-u wo8ix9ME5gb c9lˆj5 wo8ix6tbs9lb
wMw/ ®Nw8N3l xi3ioxaMs6©Zlx3l bw8N b=?i wo8ix6Xo6gk4 µ8N b=?
X8i6©u xJE{hwp{nk5 mgwDtuis÷gw8N6gA5 yK9o6ÙaymZ5b.
ck xfi wo8ixi6ryV
Xsly: srs6 xbsy6.
w9lu wo8ixX8i6ryV
Xsly: ∑ ryxi bw8N w9lQy8ˆ6gtA5 wMw/l WJ/ClxK5 µ8N „6bsym8i3z5
er6b3Jx¨t9lz
„6bsi3z5
µ8N
WbcD8•3z5,
xJE{hwp4f5
w9ldtgcDlxb
NJΩo3zA µ8N.
∫8N c9lˆ6 wonwpQiC6bw,5 c9lNs/D8Nq5gw8Ns9ly
gryxD¬/6bui6yV
Xsly: c9lˆtg5 W/ExcJq5txC5b c9lˆt©zJi4 WNhd/sJq8N5b¬8•5 wk{yst9ME8i4 WNhx6tbsJZ5b.
∫8N c9lˆ6 wk5t©˙ui6V
Xsly: wk5t©˙ZMD¬Zlx6 wk5t©5tx?5gf¬Ni mw4t©D8Nq5gDlgw8NsJJ6.
xtz rNs7mΩ5 h6fwQFs4V
Xsly:
swrhu4
xtc3iC6XJJ6
c9lˆt©zJ{ns7m5
ckrx6.
bwm
xtq5
ho
Wym/Clx4v, xq3C•7mbo µ8N.
∫8N wonwpui6y w8N9MEui6V
Xsly: ∑ koxcJJ Wz˙6ƒ6g•4fx eg3zcJJ5.
yea/4ƒ6X8iEFy s9˜4f wo8ixExoCwZ{yV
Xsly: ∑ bµi (-DJ7u WQx3Fc2XJ7uJA, %-∆6yxE9lA bwµ5bsq˜ bcw6y=Faxcvw8Nc5bX4r9lb.
w˚y3u1i4 si4√5 — Xsly x1µo4
109
®Ns0/n6X8iEFyV
Xsly:
≈[Zw
®Ns0/nJq5gA9o
bw{hmi
ryxio
xJE6hwp3JxEMs6ym/5b
ie{nt8i4 N7ui6 ç`Zs`Q5g6 ie{nc6tbsq8NJJA5 xJE6hwp3JxEMs6ym/5t8i5
bw{hm gdymÔ2 ˙3l trtym/q8i9o.
W[ZNMs6ym? wo8ixChoC{yV
Xsly: ∑, rhgw8N6 WNhxoC∫6gA W[ZN˙a7m5 wonF0JxaiC6bsJi4 WoCwZ5b
whmj5 x{hD3N6gD¬?JJ6.
∫8No wonw/6go3z Xw2Ùdti N{n5bstQJui6V
Xsly: ∑, Xw2ÙdtcJJ6. Xw2ÙdtcsC5bl Xw2Ùdt5t8i xggw8NJJA5. ryxi wµ4
wo8ixoCwZ5b
Xw2Ùdts2
tAJ8N`Qb5t8•2Xr9lt4
u{~˚z9MEq5©Zlxi4
bwµ4
ryxibs6
xvsˆ6ym`Q5g3Ô÷6XJ7uJ6
s?A5
tr5gN`Q5gQ5
N7ui6
ryxi
W/Exc6XJ7uZ5b.
Nr5 Xw2Ùdt∫3iC{yV
Xsly: Xw2Ùdtgc5ti9o mfiz Xw2ÙdtQ?5bt8i Wbc6ggcsMsC5b. w0JJ4f8i4,
g{yst4f8i4 Wyo4f8i4 Wbcw8Nc5bMsC5b.
xqJ6√y8i5 bmsz wo{y8k W∫ui6yV
Xsly: N7ui3l WJ8N6yZ5b Wc5b6XJZ5b.
Nr5 WJ8N6yZwZ{y Wtbs?8i6ryV
Xsly: xJE6hwp4f8i5 xrc3NQ5.
∫8No wonwpy wk5t©6gi wonw?5gui6 s=?¬8• scoµ6gi
wo{y8k5 ttCExc2X8iEFyV
Xsly: ∑ bwmo bw{hmixl4 ttCD8NJZlxCm sc6X9ox/q8i4 mo2XJ/ClxC s9luo
≈4v
iW0Jy6ymJx¬÷oCm.
bwmw5gi
xJ9lxq5gz
sc6X9ox/i4
ttCD8N6XJZlxCm s9luo xyDlQ÷o3zz.
110
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
xa7mt9lz
W/‰C{yorx wonE/s0Jtu4 W∫Ms6ymQFy µ8N W∫˙ao3zb
W/‰Cw7mb wo8ix6gt
Xsly: ≈[Z bwmw5g6∫ymq5gA5 ryxi wo8ix6ymJ6ys7u4 s/u5bsgw8NMs6ymJA5.
xJE6hwpsA8Ny8i6ry s/u5bsymoC{yV
Xsly:
∑
bwµ
xJE6hwpD6tbsym`Q4vlx6gz
wo8ix‰gxC5b
er6b3Jxj5
xs9M6tbs5bstQMs6ymJz.
bsKz xJE6hwpsQx6g6g†V
Xsly: ∑, xJE6hwptg5 ∫?i w6vNw/Exo6tbs9lz.
cktQ bs?i er6b3Jxu xJE6ysps8i6r5V
Xsly: x3ÇAi @$-i.
x3ÇA r˙t9lA b2Xsz3iCF5V
Xsly: !(^$. whm?5gzho bw8N w3igxDlZ cspm/y ¥u, xJE6hwp3Jxf8i ryxi
xJw8ˆEo3zz WymΩDmo6giz w6vNw/3i7ui w6vNw/D8•Di wvJD8Nw9o√9MQx{n6
s?8i W9li ∫?•t9lz. ¥u ryxi xJw8ˆEo3zz yK9o3u xq6bsq5tx6©Zlx6
xJE6hwp3Jxf8i5 g{yÇEo3zz WJm9lz. ryxi bMÍ4f5 xW6hv8io3um5 raixlxA5
xq6bsymq8Nmicw
W0JtQ9lA
bMÍ4f
bwv•t9lz
xW6ho3u7mz
cktQ
xJE6hwp3Jxf8i5 wvJ6bstQ7mΩ3m rhZM7j5 ie{nj9¬8•5 x8kÇ{nj9¬8•5 mfkz.
wvJ6bs`Q5tx6gz
tr~a?7mb
ie{nj9¬8•5
ie{nE/sÔ5
bm4fx
x8kÇ{nj9¬8•5
ryxi
Z?m4f5
w6vNw/6tDJq8k5
w6vNw/6tq8i
c9lˆk5
bwmw5gk5
kabsq8ifi4 h4fxelxc5b`Q5gD¬t9lQ9o µ8N h4fxe`Ax6tbs9lz ie{ni5tbsc5bMs6ymZm.
bm4fx
scsyEMs6ymZ4r5
bwm
ryxi
w˜4
wvJ6bs`Q5tx3iC
ie{n4f9l x8kÇ{nf9l eg3z4vl koxCl koxcMsClxCm bw{hmi iecExc3lt9l
Wix3u7mb
x8kÇcExc3lt9l
Wix3u7mb
wµ9o
xJE6hwp9ME5tg5
˚5bwo`Q5tx`Q4vlx6gz whm6˙tc5tx6gz bm8N ßmJ6ys3i6 ∫?•Msgz bµi.
xJE6hwpD6tbsym`Q8iC mo5bsy8ˆ6gi. bwmwozMs6gz ∫?i ryxi wµ9M5∫6
ev3F`Axc3Nz WNhxDyoµ6 kaQxcD8N6XMs`Q7u/C xy?6ymlΩ.
w˚y3u1i4 si4√5 — Xsly x1µo4
111
g{yxExc5bJFy yMu w˜4 w9lu g{yxExXJq5gw5 sx5txDV
Xsly:
yKizA9o
ryxi
bmgm.
∫K`ZCmo
∫K`Z`AhoCm
b=?i
X3NtbsoCm
X8i6©ut9lz bw4fx g{yx3Fc6t8NQ5 g{yxF{nt8iÅ6 bw{hm xs/six6g6 bw{hmi
xs/Eix6bzi
bwf`Z6gc3ixo6f6
g{yxF{nt8i
wmwosbsMs6ymZm
xhw9˜
bw{hmi bwm g{yxF5∫Chxobw8NJK5.
ckw7m4rx6 xJE6hwpD6tbs8iqMt5V
Xsly:
bw{hmi
wo8ixv8iMs3lz
xJE6yspD6tbsJ8N6yixJZlx6gz
b=?
raizA5 bs?•t9lz wo8ix6gco3u7m5 xJE{ysp{ni4 wMw/ wo8ixcbso6gi
dwiÔMs6©Zlxu4 xJE6hwpj5 xJE6yspD¬o6t9lz bwvi WJm/sMs6ymZlx6gz
bw4vz9l
er6b3Jxu
xq`QMs6ymZm
wµ4
x7m
˙3l
WJmJcE9li
ß5©tQlt
c9lˆt©D8Nq8iDlZ
c9lˆt©D8N6g5
W0JtQ9lA
xu˙o6t9lQ5
h7m5
c9lˆt©D8Nq5gD¬t9lz iDx6bsb3imΩm wµ4 whmQZ/3iC xq`QAtQMs6ymZ4f b=?
raizA5 srs2 ho wMzi bw8N dwiÔiC6bC xJE6hwpsJJ6 bwv•t9lA bm8N
WNhxJZ5tA5 scstoMs6ym7umz bwm iDx3zb iDxC5bw˜4 dwiJ31Q8N s?8i4
niocDmw8N6XJ7m5 w{y?ctQ9lA. scstoMs6ym7mz wk6®q5tx6g6 bwm`Zoµ6
s?8˚5 sKz5tx6 bfn6giz “Xsl¥, sW8NCi iDx6bsJm6vs`Q5gt5 xu˙˜aJ8•dt5”
scst9liz
SwA`QbC
w6vsm5tx6bC
bwmwoMs6ym7mz
bwµ4
dΩq5gD¬9li s?8k5 wpQMs6ymJ6 x{hxl4 ttNJ`Q7uÔZlx6 ttNgw8No3uJ6 µ8N.
ck3o xJE6ysp{nj5 wo8ixDµ3ixoCF5 N¨5gt9o scs/si6r5
kNoC˜3¨5gt5 ho wo8ixDm7mΩ6W5V
Xsly: X8i6©j5.
˚ymo6t9l¥V
Xsly:
X8i6©j5
xs9˜C∫uist9lb
wo8ixExc6tbsoJKA5
xJE6ysp4f8i
n6rChxMs6ymJ`Q5txClx3uJz s?8i4. ryxi xJE6yspxl4 ryxi samizi bw{hm
rn3u9lx6 cspmo3iCuz xJE6hwp3Jxj6vw scstQymo3i3zz bmguz WNhx3i8i4
bwm bw{h∆N tA/s9ME0JtQoMs6ym/C xJE6yspsis2 u{~k5. bwm raizÅo6g6.
iDxMs6t9lb bw8N wo8ixEx6©Zlx6 X8i6©j5 bwv`Z er6b3Jx7usbs7m5 srs2
wMzi
st6tbsgw8NoMs6ym7um5
scstoMs6ym7u7mz
k6v6tbs9li
xJE6ysp3JxÎ6
sXc5b`Qlx3iuizk
c9lˆt©D8Nq5g5txaZlxu4
dwiÔ2
ckw{n`Q5t-
xo6©Zlx6 x7ml w5gX~a?Ms6g6 gnqxn6ƒpo6gi s?8i4 WMs6ym7m5 bwµ4
112
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
scstMs6ym7mz
c9lˆt©D8N`Q5tx6©lxuÅ6
hdt{n`Q5txo6©Zlx6
s=?¬8•Å6
w5gX¬Zlx6v5 gnqxn5tbshA˙aJz bw{hmi bwm s[AxoMs6ymZlx6fz raizA5
bw8N iDx6bK5 hNs=? yKjx0÷t8NA. yKjx8ix6gQ5tZlx6gz iDx6bsJm`Q5txMs6ymZm iDxChxoC5b xu˙Zlx3mb iDx`Ah5g5. wo8ixEx3ix6gu4 xJE6hwpsi3j5
X8i6©u.
iDxMs`Q8iq8i
scst5tx6gQ5
iDx6bs5bwoMz
xbsy3j¬8•5
c9lˆt©D8N`Q8iC W0JtQZ4f xJE6ysp3Jx2 wµ4 tt6vw5 gnstoxE?5bq5 kNo8k5
Njgw8N6
c9lˆt©D8N6gu4
ryxi
Wdpo6©÷6X7mb
“c9lˆt©D8N`Q5txCm
x†
xbsy3j¬8•5 iDx6bsix`QMz” wmwos5txMs6ymZlxCm iDx6gZ˜¬8iJZlx3u7mb
xu˙˜a`QhΩ3J8iC6bsJJz.
iDx6bsix6fz
NlN`Q5txJJ5.
∫8N
bwµ4
b=?
wmwoAm
ˆM`Q5©÷DtQMs6ym/C
iDx6gw8N5txavn5g5
c9lˆt©D8N`Q8iDlZ
W0JtQ9lA ryxi hNs=? ckw`Q5tx6t9lA c9lˆt©D8N`Q4vlx6gz wMw/tg5.
hDysiui3k5 stvw8NZ˜9Mz, yMu hDys9ly g{yxEx6tbs?JFy,
kNoC˜a9lyV
Xsly: gW3ul yM5tx?st9lA yMu ckw2XJ`Q5g6 yMDÔisnXl5t9lAo nMgw8N¨2XJ`Q7mb. gW3l c3m¬8•5. WFg˜a6ƒpJ6 wkQx=FQQxz g{yxEx3Fs?J7mb.
srs4f9o c3mu g{yxEx6tbsc5bb6fyV srsaoCw7m c3mj5V
Xsly: ∑, µio wmw5gu c9lˆ5 w9ldtzi w9lbc`Q5gu c3mj5 ryxi.
kN6vty g{yxEx6gw8Nsc5bJ?9o bw{hmiV
Xsly: xbq3i6n5 s9luu5 xbq3insc5bX9MwJJ5 µio kNo8i wkQx3JxǬ?Jq7mb s9lutg5. wkQxa÷6XJ7uÔZlx5 wo6fyz mo5gA cspm9lA hNs=?o s9lu
s9lut©`Q5tx6t9lA.
ˆ5tsa/soCw7m5 bwµ5bs6 !!-X∆Cw7m5 g{yxEx6X8iEFyV
Xsly: ∑ ∫8N moZgc6 cspm/Co moZg3vsizi4 s9˜f9l s8kf9l.
ˆ5ts/ugx6 g{yxExc5bJFyø sx5txÎV
Xsly:
∑
Wlx6gu4
sXc5b6XMs6gA5
ryxi
ˆ5tsa/
bµio
X8i6©u
xJE6ysp9M5∫c3Nb
ˆ5tsa/w8Nlxu
xJE6yspbc6Xo3z5
c9lˆcq4vlx6gb
w˚y3u1i4 si4√5 — Xsly x1µo4
113
moZ6∫X9oxJJA5 ˆ5tsa/s`Q5©Zlxu.
ˆ5tsa/soCw7m9orx6 ckwos6XJFy hQxcc5bJq9ME2Wy
ˆ5tsa/u µ8Nso6g3o h5bwomÔ÷q9MEo3zb ˆ5tsa/sZlx¨V
Xsly: ˆ5tsa/uo x9˜5 kNo8i iWclx6g6bcD8N6©÷6XJq5g6. ßmJ6ysd/sqtx6gb √qgxD5b ˆ5tsa/st9lA swmD¬/d/sq5tx6gb hDyst9lb ˆ5tsa/st9lA.
s9loµ6, s9loµ5tx6 bwmwQxc6Xi6ryV
Xsly: ∑.
w˜9orx6 dFxh=FsoCw7m5 µ8Nso6g6 x0pQA8•ç
dFxh=Fst9lAV
Xsly: dFxh=Fsiz ∫8N x0ps/Clxz wµ9o c9lˆ5 Wxlq8i4 Wbc6XJq7m5.
bw{hmi ryxi wk{yst8Nlxi4 WbcZ˜2XJ7mb wµ9o WsJ.. WsJfl{ys3lt4 Wdtq8i4
W/{nc6XJqj9lrx6 x9˜5 wm4 rhgw8Ntx9M5∫i4 dFxhc5b6XJ7mb. dFx˙tcc5b6XJJ5
vusZlx6vt9¬8•5
ckw{nCt4
wo6fyEZu0J4
rh
bwm
x8kÇaZlx6v5
W?JJ5
eg5gZ6
s9luo
ryxi
xyc`Q7mb
WsJfl7u4
bm4fiz
k∫fl7u4
W/Exc6©÷6v5bo3zb.
w7jt{nc6XJqm9o sx5txÎV
Xsly: ∑.
ck3o eM{ym9lQ9ø ∫4fx eM{ymNQ5 Í6ymNQ9¬8•V
Xsly:
eMQxø6vw
eMbsyµ3JDlvlx6gt4
x7ml
c9lˆ6b5
Í{nx5tsgw8N3u4
w7jy6ymJu4 bfMs6XJZlx6gz bµbµaq5g6.
dFxh=Fgxu dFxh=Fys6XJFy w˜ WNhxDyoµ3q8N dFxh=Fs˙6V
Xsly: ∫8Ngx6 x7ml dFxh=F9ME4 x{hÎbslx6©÷6XJJ. ∫8Nlw˜4 x3ÇA k∫6
WQx3iz b=?stbs9ME2XJ7uJ6.
s8k4f5 dFxh=FsixoCw7m5 g{yxEx6XJQFy s=?¬8•5 s9˜4fΩ6V
Xsly: s9lu ryxi, m3Dx6tc5b`Œ8NMs6g5 bw{h∆Ngx6 dFxh=F4 W0JtQ9lA.
114
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
s8k4f5 dFxh=FsixoCw7m5 g{yxEx6XJF¥V
Xsly: s9˜6Xy4f9lrx6 s8k{nΩ4f9lrx6. m3Dx6tc5bXJ`Q7mb bwµ4 cspm/4v.
h?JFyo gdbsFxaoCw7m5V
Xsly: ∫8N bµbµÇl4 N9osi6ysbsc5b3iExz hDyst9lzø˜4 cspmlx`QbC.
w˜9orx gdJcCw7m9orx ck6 W?8i6ryV wµ4 sb6rf∫2XJFy
s=?¬8• Njz6gA ∫8N w˚A8•6g6V
Xsly: wµ9o s9lu evs/6t∫¬?7mb ∫8N tr5g{nu4 wMq8i4 sb6r0J/s9lt4.
bwmw5©÷6XJ`Qg9o.
∫8No gdJ6 wlF6bs5bstQ?5g6V
Xsly: ∑.
w˜4 s8kf9¬8•5 gd8i6v5 cs2Xj5 sb6r0J/sZ/q5g6V
Xsly: ≈[Zcw sb6rJ0/sAlx6 ryxi s9lZM8i s8kxZM8i XXbs?Jq7uJ6.
b=?i w9ly8•tbs9li Nj`Zbs9lio ∫8NV
Xsly: b=?`Z9o xibsZu wlFc3FQix6bz˚6bs5bstQ?JJ6.
wµ4 ~leu Í6bs9l•V
Xsly: ckw5gg8N5txi4 ~lec2XJ`Q7u7m5 bw{hmi. ryxi eJf∫i4 w9l{n6bc6XJZlxu7m5 bwmw5gu4 ~lebclxc5bq8izi X8i6©6 ¬5∫4f5 tr=Fs˙a?Ms6g5
wlF{ni4 eJf∫i4 ~5g÷f∫i4.
∫4fxorx6 wMwCw7mb wMq5 xw/s/Exc6Xi6v5 kNoC˜a9l¥˜4
∫4fx kNoC˜acty xw/sQxc6Xi6v5 ej{y4f5V
Xsly: xfMw5©?9Mw`Q5gu4 xw/s/Exc3iq8k5 sb6r0J/u4 cspZMc5b6ymq5gz
s?zø˜4.
w˚y3u1i4 si4√5 — Xsly x1µo4
115
dFxh=F7j5 sto3uJz ∫4fx gdzJ5 W/‰6vb. w4fx kNoC˜5
trCc5bJ?5 dFxh=F7uV
Xsly: ∑. trCc5bJJ5 X8i6©ox3isngw8N6XMs6gA5 ej{y4f5 x6ft∫hzCw7m5 ryxi
x6ft∫Ms6t8NA
X8i6©j5
kNoC˜a9lb
xJ3N6XMs3uJ6
X8i6©oxEx{n6.
xbqxlq4vlx6gb b=?i kNoC˜ai5t8i X8i6©ox6gc3Ô¨8N5tx6XMsg6 x6f∫
xgC{nshzCw7m5.
dFxh=F7u xuhx¬yc5bJFyV
Xsly: ∑. b=?i vtE5tx6XJ7mb X8i6©u.
bwm5bs6 gdFxil mr=Fxil bwmwc5bJ?5V vtc5bJQ?5V
Xsly:
w˜8i4f5
w˜8ifw8Nlxa?9MwJ6
bµbµÇ¬?9Mw`Q5g6.
wµ9l
xvsˆ6g5
s?z5bs isFst{nZM7u4 Wbç3J5gi ˆ7md5tQx6gi xvsˆ6XJ7uJ. wµ4 isFEx6y8ˆ5
X8i6©6
isF3F©q8NMs3z
bµi
µ8N.
x7µos0JtDlZ
bw8N
X8i6©6
c9lˆcoC∫uist9lA s?zo b2Wvi kNuizi kNc6gb bwµ5bs6 isF3FC˜tg5
isFx{ni4 XX5t?J7uÔZlx6. ryxi xfiv9˜l4 x3ÇAiq˜ c5ti4 bwmwozMs6ymJ6
wµ4 k6voMs6ymJ6 ZXm4f5 wk7u4 isF6tsdpA8•3zb wm4 k6vstcoMs6ymJ6.
rN isF6tsdpA8•3z5V
Xsly: ÛXm4f5 bwµ scMs6ymJ5.
Nuo kNc6t9lyV
Xsly:
bf8ˆ`Ax5tx6bClxC
X8i6©2
Ùi
µz
szt`Axzi
w9lzJi9o
bw?Ms6bK5 xtc3z5 xtc6tbs7mi˜4 bwµ4 w9lzJi4. c9lˆtg9o Bon Accord
wµX¬Zlx6 xto4.
w4fx gdzJ5 gry5txC∫qN4r5 wo/s5bstQc5b6gu•5 kNs2
wlxk5V
ns9l: wMq5 yMj5 s/C8k5 WÎ6gA.
g{yxF5bco6t9lA x9˜5V
ns9l: w˜9o µi kNoC˜a9lb. bwvio ≈[Z kNoC˜a`Qmbo mfx s?A5. bwm ryxi
116
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
Í{no5 bwmwbsc5bJJ5. wµ9l Nt6 NtCc6XJZ5b eJ8i4 xrc6gbl bµ`Z5 x9˜5
wMs6bsc5bMs6ymJ5. w˜9o cspmo6t9lz. w˜4 Í{nc`Qgx3m5 s/C7j5 WÎ6bs9li
Í{nc`Q7m5 Í3F{nc`Q7m5 bwµ4 w7jy/6gi g5gZ/u4 m8N w7jtzb eMDtz r9lbs9li
wlw4vD6tb6. bw4fxo cspm/4v.
Njgw8N6 wlF6bsc5bJJ5V
ns9l: ∑.
s/C5b6gt4V
ns9l: ∑, s/C5b6gt4.
Xsly: ∑, Njgw8N6 b=Kz5bw8N6 wµ4 nio‰5tbf¬q9lt9¬. bwµ4 xvsQ/j5bs6
ryxi.
ns9l: s/Cc3izi W/sc5bJJ5. s/Cw5 XMziq8k5. srs4f5 w˚A8•6g6 s/6vw5
XMziq8i4 „/6bs9lt4. bwµ5bs6 do/5gA ycosq5gu4 ~5g÷3u4 doZE9lA bm8N
s/C4 wmwoz7m5.
s9lj5 ~`Z/Excc5b3iE?5V
ns9l: sx8Nj[Å6 ryxi. sx8Nj5 ~`Zd/s?JJ5 bwmwo?2Szo X8i6©u sfxo wlÏ5
Nj5
~`Z7mb
sx8Nj9osfx
~`Zq5g5
mr=Fn5t8iÅ6
~`ZQxø5
sx8Nj5
wµ9o
bwm8Ngc6 cspm/C.
Xsly: ∑ bwµ4.
ns9l: sx8Nj9o ~bsDl˜6gz.
wlF6bsix6g6 g5gC÷8k5 wj/s9l•V
ns9l: ∑ w7jy6bsc5bJJ5 g5gC/7u4 c9lˆ6bu4 w7jy{nc`Qgx3m5.
b2Xszo xrC6bso6giV
ns9l:
∑
cjt8k9l
six6bs9li
x7ml
ej{¥8k5
b=Kz{nw8N6
kNj5
NJ6bz˚3ix`Qgx3z5. whmu•3z5 scsyuiz mo5bs9li. N¨5gmc5b3iuiz. bwµ9o
cspMs6gz ryxi. µ•5txDm˙a8q7mbÅ6 wMq5 eg3zui4 W0Jtc6gt4 swu8i9l
koxq5 gdJ5. sX{hÇalxDmZi wlFz. bwµ4 gnsmJz cspmJz.
w˚y3u1i4 si4√5 — Xsly x1µo4
117
w4fx ˙3l wMy gd8ic5 ∫?i wlF6bsymFzk5
sXc5bMs6rys4V
ns9l: ∑ bf/6g˙E7u/K5bs6. s9lw5 Wz5t3zb. s9l[Å6 ryxi WzJx8i πhy
mr8iuizg5.
s9l5 WzJx8i ryxi bf/6gD8Ny9lys4V
ns9l: w˜4 wlF6bsymoClx6t9lA bf/6gbs5bwo/Excc5bJq5g5.
Xsly: x9˜5 nix5 iE/6g3FsMs6XJJ5.
ns9l: mo2XJ7uZmo.
Xsly:
iEF0Jxm÷l7u4
W`Q4vlx6gt4
w7mç
∫{huzw8N6
iEctc`AxCh5gt4
iE/6g3FsMs6XJJ5.
ns9l: w4fx iE/6g6g5 gi9M8iC6bs?JJ5.
gi9M6V
ns9l: gi9Mg[Å6. bwµ4 iEJ5 wlFs2 nix• wMui3u mo2XJ7uZmo.
xbsyxgx6 gi9Mc5bi6v5V
ns9l: ≈[Z sx5txD`A6y6gA bwmw0Ôu÷˙ac5bJJ5.
Xsly: ∑.
ns9l: w˜4 wµ4 xfMw5©`Q5gu4. moZgc7ucw mo5gu•5 moc5bi3zb.
ns9l: w˜4 ryxi wkgc3i4 iqs8i4 cspmJz gdC∫3i4 cspm`Q5gz. e7u6˙u
kNQMs6bt8i cspmMs6gz bwµ4. xmsuiCw8N bwmwc5bMs6ym˙aJJ6 kox‰8i4
mo5bs9li. xzJui3ui4.
mfx ß5©tQlA x∫bZ, msz ˚ctQAmZwZlxCwZ5tA5 xq˙a`Q7m5
xˆNmÅ6 tuz emAmq7mA sx5txDi5 bwmw5g6V
ns9l: b=? bwm emwJm`QN5b xˆN5b tuuiq8i4. kN2 xyxi gdA5b ∫8N tuz
xbs5t¨ctQlA
118
Wsi6ns?9Mw7m5.
µ8No
scC∫J7uJz
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
xw2XDl7m
nixi
w•A0/s5bwoMz. scstJ7u/4v ∫?•5gxlw5. NJDm/z•˙a?8i3zb x9˜5 µigw8N6
wlF6ymZt4 x?lymgw8N6g5 d˜6ymZt4 x9˜[Å6 bwmw5gm?5gu•5 bf{ns9lt4 bwµ4
WJm?8i3zb
bwmwtbs˙u•5.
w˜4
wMw8Nwi˜5bs6
WJmc5b3iuiq5
gdAt
mo5bs9lt4.
w4fxo ßmJZM8k5 W/six6gEc5b3iq5©5V
ns9l: h3C5bs5b˜Ex6 whmc5biq5g5. bw8N kbCsMsg6 swuiz yK9o6Ùui6 vNi
ß7mN3Jx2 vq9oz•7m5 kNu bwmw5g6. bwµ4 µigwˆ6g6 w˜4 x?igw8N6.
rNs8i3z5V
ns9l: ke3zui6 yK9o6Ùui6 swq8i.
wMq5 v2WxNc5b6gx¬u7mb xy?6gi w8NÅ6 wlFgçl4 x?•7m5
bwµ4 y8N5©mN6gx¬9lil wMzi[Å6 v2WxN˙a7m5. b3i6h˙a7mb
wMœ5V
ns9l: ∑, mJD8Nq5©7mb wMq5.
mJD8Nq8Nu4 b3i6h6g6 bwmV
ns9l: ∑. xoxQ/s?8i6gt9l sx5txD bwmw2X9MwJ6 csp/s?5g w˜4 gnsmJzo
cspMsymq5gz.
rhÅ6 b3i6h6g6V
ns9l: b3iz mJDNq7m5. yM3Jx6 ryxi N[Qo6v gryAµC5b. xbq5tx3lb.
m8N wo6fygcsQ? wlF3u nsizi4 x5g6y√9Mi6v5
sF6qxExo4V
ns9l: ∑ tAy~6XJ7uJzo rAtuiflw5 WsQ9lQ5. rAt5txE5gF0Jxuif¬˙a7mb.
Wsygcs7uJ6V
ns9l: ∑, bwµ sF`QxCExcc5bJJA5 hDyD¬9lb tAyvs6g‰3iCwZ5bcw.
w˚y3u1i4 si4√5 — Xsly x1µo4
119
gnsmF5 bwµ4 tuu4 nsiuiq8i4 WZh5gu•5 kN
wqso5gxlMs6ym8i3mΩ5V
ns9l: gnsm`Q5gz. w˜4 sF`QxExcgw8Nc5bJJA5.
ckÎ6 sF`Qx3li, sKΩV
ns9l: sfx x[Zw5 tAy6vsJ5 sF`Qx3lQ5 w4fxcw r=Kx6g5.
w˜9orx6 gtyvn9li wlFzb çzA9¬8•5V
ns9l: b=?o wlFs2 çzÅ9MEMs6ymJΩy5 xe[Qys6ym9lz bm8N wlF6 xStx¬7m5
c8i6gi hNs=?sN g9oC6gA xoxQ/flxWZ. Wh=FZsN wlF6 xoxQlx`Ax6bC w˜4
csp/sMs6ym`Q5gD¬Jz. xoxQ/C hNs=?osN xg‰6gA ryxi gu4v, xStx¬7µ8
n6r6gi gu8k5 ∫8N wlFDl4 g9oC‰6bC.
wyZt5 sF`QxExcMsym?5V
ns9l: sF`QxJ`Q5b4vosfx tr5gN`Q8N4r5.
wyZ8k5 x5g6buiEZlx3lA x[Z8k5 st6t2X5 bwmwQxc3uJ6V
ns9l: ≈[Zw bwµ cspm`Q5gz. bwmwos6bs?JZ5b woztbs8iC5b hDysi5t8i5
bwµ4 sF`Qx˙ac5bJJÅ5 x[Zt8•.
sF`Qxd/s?8i6ry sF`Qx6bs5b6WxCF5V
ns9l: scs0/s`Q5tx6gb x[Zt5 sF`Qx4r5. scs0/sMs6ym`Q5gz.
Xsly: bwµ5bs6.
ej{y9o u{~k5. xuhi4 e7ucc5b6guisiCMsCF5V
Xsly: ∑.
c5ti4 N5t3i4 euE/Exc6XMs6rQ5V
Xsly: w8Nuis2X5 xbsy9ME7u4 ˆ7m˙a?Msg6.
cktQ iEtc5bExcMs6v5V
Xsly:
120
ie{nc5txt9lQ9o
csbµ6bt5t˙aMsCm
srsDÔt9lA
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
i9Mhc5bt9lA.
s?z©0/q5g6 ienc6t9lQ5 csbµ6b6gt4 i‰8N6gt4 csbm5 nl5tA8Nq8ins9lt9l
wexhlx8qi6ns9lt9l bc/o6nCwlxCt9l bwmw7mb. √lxc5b6g5 bc/o6nCw5gt4
krr9os/j9lrx6 si3Cr9o˙a?Ms3u7mb.
sW3Ω4f9o ckwoztc5bMs6rQ5V
Xsly: s?i srx9oFQ/8i b=?•`Qgx6gi sW3q˙aZ5bw˜4. sW3q9li bwµo
Wg{ymw8N6gQ5 W˙a?Ms6gz µi6rD¬/6t8NQ5.
e7ucExzo6gt5 ck3o wontc5bMs6rQ5V x7m ck6
xqÔo6t9lQ5 wo8ixt2X9oxc5bo3i6rQ5 ej{yi3u4V
Xsly:
mo5tQgw8N6gQ5
xs9MstQNhx3NQ5
ej5tZhx3NQ5
mo5tgw8Nc5b6gQ5
Wo7mn9lQ5 xvsi6ns?Ms3uJ6. ejA8N6yt9lQ5 ej5tNhxc5bo6gQ5 W/3ii6ns9lt9l
bwmwoz?Ms3mb.
ck3o k6vt2XMs6rQ5 wµ4 nat5gQ9¬8•5 wµ4 ckwo9lQ5V
Xsly: x’w x’w x’w x’w - b=? msz nat8NhxC/6vw5 bo6Ws2 u{~k5 x’w x’w
x’w x’w.
nsu7j9oV
Xsly: dx dx dx5g6gQ5 dx dx dx bwm bmszΩ6 naix6f5. wo5gt5bs6
wk5tg5 wo˙aMs3zb.
k6vd9lQ9orx6V
Xsly: Bs6gQ5. x9˜9o wµ4 wq3Cixgw8N6gz ˙3l çi X3N4fµ µi¬8•5 yfgw8N3u
k6vzlz s?zo5bs bwµ4 xgDm8ax6bDlx8i4 xg6gz b=? wqCgw8NExcoCm
scstx3J5gQ5 “x†”, bwmo wo5gt4 wo5tx4v6Ù¬7u7mb wµ4 h4ƒlxc5bq5gQ5
wo5tx?8i6nsisn7u7mb.
urJC˜at9lQ9o ∫4fx wont2X9ox5bstQÔ5V e7ux3Ôt9lŒ8V
Xsly: ryxi xs9MstQ?9ox9lQ5 e7¨5 x3ÇAbµ5 wM?9oxgw8ND8N3z∫. wMNhx6gQ5
xu˙lx3isnoCw7mb
gdC6bst5tgw8N6XMs3uJz
w3ixDl8iq˜
e7uj5.
ryxi
x8iEo6bw5 W/Cw7mb gdnExz x8iEo6bw5 xuhDD¬/lx3isnJx¬?Ms3uJ5 bwµ4
e7u5
sfx
xs9MtQ/w5
e7uE/w5
ˆ7mQoClx6gQ5.
bwµ4
w˚y3u1i4 si4√5 — Xsly x1µo4
e7u˜at9lQ5
wµ4
121
gdC6bsMs6t8NQ5 sfN`ZΩgw8N6bs6 x8iEo6bw5 ßmtbsNh5g5 x8iN6y9lt9l
ßmw8No˙aMs3zb. bwµ4 e7u5 ie{ncc5bt9lQ5 xuhDlx0/w6ym9lQ5 ryxi ˆ7m2XMs3uJ5 ie{ncc5bt9lQ5.
gnsmF5 e7¨5 NrΩ6gu•5 c9lˆi6vwV
Xsly: gnsm`Q5tx6bC bm8N.
e7¨5 cz4f5 w˚Ju•5 ej{ystQQxq5 Wsi6Ùa?Ms6v5V
Xsly:
srs4f5
w˚Ju•5
nl5tnCw`Qi6nsc5b6XMs6g5
s6ƒt9lA
yM
w˚Ju•5
nl5tnCw8i6ns?Ms3u7mb i9MsoCw7m5.
wMq5 mfx ej{¥5 rnstc˙a7uJ5 k6vzt9lQ5V
Xsly:
x4fx
ryxi
csp0JtQMs6ym7uZ4r5
cmi6gx3us5
bwmw5gc˙a7mb
k6vDtq8i4.
wXCsbo/w8NExc6XMs6ry ej{yoCwZ{yV
Xsly: ∑, slEx{~Dtc3li ryxi ˆ7m9ME7m5. wµgw8N6 slEx{~EQxqb e7¨5
ßm÷6t9lQ˜4 mrb/5txt9lQ5 rhQ/c`Qu7mb N7ui6 bwµ4 slEx{~gw8NDmZlx6gQ5
ryxi bwµ bf8ˆE9lt4 slEx{~D7u4 wXCsb3u4 ryxi5bs6 g~5tx6ƒp7u7mb.
∫4fx Ùisn?8iE?5 e7ut5V
Xsly: ∑ ÙisnJDlw5 WsQN6XMsq7uJx¬Zlx5 e7¨8NEDl5gQ5. e7¨NEDl5gQ9l
Ùisnixlq8i sDlNClx6gi ckwQ5bwomN6XMs3uJ5.
ck3o k6vztc5bMs6rQ5V
Xsly: Bxs Bxs Bxs6gQ5.
rnstc3zbo µ8N sx5txD rnstc6t8NQ5 evgw8Nc5bMs6ym?5
bwµ4 e7ut5V
Xsly: kNo8io wµ4 µi6rJD¬?Ms3zb srx9oF8i wµ9o Wg5g6ym?Msq7mb.
µ8NsJ4f9o ryxi Wg5g6ym/Excw8No3zb.
122
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
i2XCh5t9lt9orx6 ck evc5bi3mbV
Xwly: wkc`Qvlx6t9lA çq9M5tDl5gQ5 sz?v9M4vu4 k6v6gt4 bwmw8isn7u7mb
w˜4 mfx wo4√¬7mb. wo4√¬7u7mb e7uD¬Zlx5.
Xzovw8NMsClx6gt4 k6v3ÔuJ5 w7ui4V
Xsly: ∑ b=?i WoC∫~6gb i2Ù6y9lil wq3Cyt5gQ9l Xzo{yJxlw5 ∫Kzv9M4vu4
eFxc5boCu4 b=? k6vsuix6g5.
wo8i4 xw{yv8io3uJ5 W/‰CF5V
Xsly:
sXgw8No6gQ9o
ryxio
N5t6gi
drEx6gi
bwvst9lQ5
e7¨5
wkc`Q4vlx6t9lQ5 drEx6gi b=?o cw/‰6Sw5. bwmw˙a7mb. bwmw5gZ˜lw5
xat5
bwmw5gZ˜¬Ms6g5
s?z©q5gDl4
scsyEgw8Ngzo
s?8i4
bwm
bwmw5gZ˜¬Msg5 xat5.
xh mfx e7¨5 wo5tx4v9MEx¬Zlx5V
Xsly: ∑, wo5txv9MExlw5 x9˜¬8•5 xs/4f5 g5gys˙aMsClxC5bo Xsz kNj5
Wh5gx¬9lb.
e7u[QxEym/K5
bwµ4
N7mcs6gt4
b=?
N{n6bsoisq5g6
h4voisnD¬/MsClx6gi b=?o woymoCu wkxb raiΩzi mos÷3Jgw8Nix6g6.
bwmw2XMs6g5.
g5gbcCwZlx3z5 x9˜5 Xzo{yQxDNq5g5V
Xsly: ryxi ∫N g5gu9l NwZu bf{nsq5©Zlxu4 ryxi sXl3N6gx¬?Ms3uJ5
Nw/u8k5 v5gzw3isnJx¬7u7mb.
∫8No e7u6 byAx`Qbw5 w7u•8NeJ3øV
Xsly: ∑, W©b3ui4 vo5©Zlx6. gxF3Ny2X¬8•5 s/C7j5 WgAµ3ixCh5gA.
iEisn?8iq5g9o N7m5bq8i4V
Xsly: woz9lt4. mguz ieu4 N7m4ft4 wµ4 meZM8iClxzi4 xlWs÷3Jgw8Nix3uJ5
yM∫i4. cm`Z5 wlxi5 iENhxCt4.
ej{y5 wkQqbq8k5 xg6bsJ8N6XMsE?5V
Xsly: xg6bsJ8N6XMs3uÔZlx5 ryxi wkQq8NuQ5 bXh˙aiC6bs?Ms3uJ5.
w˚y3u1i4 si4√5 — Xsly x1µo4
123
g~5txq8i6nDlw5 wkQqbuk5V
Xsly: ∑ g~5txq8i6n9MEsiC6bs?Ms6g5 wkQqbu8k5. rxgw8Ns2 e7uEqbi
xgoDiQ5. xg6bsJ8N5txDlx6gt4 bwµ4 ryxi wkQqbu8i4 bXh˙aiC6bsMs3uJ5.
bm8N cspmN6g6 h9otDlÅ6. xgc5b6ymZ4f5bs6 ∑.
Ù/sJc6XMs6ymQ? wk7u4 e7uk5V
Xsly: bwm x7µos0JtDlQiC2X5bm e7uq5 er6b3usbst9lb X8i6©2 er6bq8i
kNgç¬7m5 bw8N kNuizb xroz sN Gns9lH ß7mN3Jxusbuis7m5 er6b3usbuisZm. er6bi kNc6t9lb hDyst9lz sfx ®Nw8Nw5, xtDyø5 ®Nw8N3u4 X8i6©u
®Nw8Ns0Jt4fqb
eg3zz5
x7µos0JtDl7m
e7uq8i5
sQx6bsMs6ym7uJ6
xqJf¬o6t9lA.
w˚J8•g3øV
Xsly: ∑, w˚vw8NClx6gi xfisq5g6 gdiC6bsMs6ymJ6 hDyD¬t9lz.
w8N5bscw x∫bm kvuiz Ù/sMs6ym7uJ e7uk5V
ns9l: ∑. Ù/sMs6ymJ6 eWnu.
mfx ÙDJ5gFist9lQ5 e7¨5 gdbs5bstQQxc˙aq5©Zlx8V
Xsly: ∑ s9li4 &-i9¬8•5 s9l5 &-¬8•5 çqo6vb ryxi sQx6yJu•5 ®y9ME{y7mb
wk7u4 gdbs/Exco˙aZlx5 b=?w8Nfl4 gdbs/Excq7uJ5 wµ4 xrix3isniq8i4
scstQ/s˙a?Ms3uJ5.
∫8N ÙC∫6bz mo{n3isn7m5V bwma?8i6vV
Xsly:
bwµa?9MwJ6
xyΩzi9¬8•5
∫8N
gdJuis2X5
Ù/6
xyΩzk9¬8•5
x5b6ftQ/3lrx6 bwµaJ4nsJ6. ∫8No gd2X5 sQx6b6 ß7mv8i0÷A8•3z ∫{huz
W0Jtclx6gns0/q5g6
xyΩzi4
wMΩzi9¬8•5
bwµ4
whmQ/sJ{ns?8i6f6.
ck9M5∫fl4 grcstQ7mΩA bm8N scD8Nq7uZ4f. bwµ4 gnsm/ClxC.
ck6 ∫8N sQx6bz gdZlx6v5 ∫8N e7u6
gdbs5bstQQxcq5g6V
Xsly: ∑ gdbs5bstQ/Excq5g6. x7m bwm bw{hm koxc6ymiCMsCm Wzhi4.
124
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
bw8N xf9o6Ù6, πuy4f5 xˆNz5, xqJx5bEMsC4f bwm5bs eg3zz sQx6bsMs6ym7um5. s?zø˜4 e7uE0/q7u/q8k5. sQx6bsiC6bsMs6ym7uJ6 bwm w˚A8•Ms6ym7uJ6 bwµ5bs6 sQx6bsifj5.
e7ut5 sQx6yMs6ymq5gw5V
Xsly:
∑
sQx6yMs6ymq5g5
w6yN6yDJ8isni6ns9lt9l
y3˜6yMs6ym7uJD¬Zlx5.
W˙a7u7mb.
ßm/lxoCwZu4
bwmwMs6ym7uÔZlx5
e7¨5
sQx6yMs6ymq5g5.
y3˜6bsMs6ymJ6 s?iusbs?9MwK6. rNw8N mow/s2 N/{nDl7m bw8N Xiz.
mwV
Xsly:
mw.
∑
mw
bw8N
bwm
s?z
e7uq8i5
y3˜6bs8iMs6ymJ6.
∑˜
®/sMs6ymJ6.
ÙNho6t9lQ5 iWcq5gx¬˙[Å6 e7u5.
Xsly:
∑
bwmw5©iC6b5.
iWcD8•h5
wk7u4
sQx6yNhxoCu4.
e7uk9o
Ù9lt4
iWc˙Ǭ7mb. wk7j9o bwmw8iC6bs?7uJ5 sQx6yNhxo6gt4. iWcq5gx¬iC6bw5.
wµ4 bf8ˆMs6ymq5gD¬7uZm sQx6bso6gu4. Ùi Nkcq5gus∫¬9lz e7uclxc5bMsCm
w9lzJ3usbs9lz
ryxi
er6b3JxusaoCm
Nko7usb9MEsoMsCm
e7ucD8•6gzl ∫?•MsCm. ∫?io xu˙q5gi4 xbsy3u4 m3Î8i9¬8•5 e7udtcw8NDmMs3uJz Nkox¬iz W0JtQ9lA N¨9lz yi5bEx6ymAm¬8•5 N{n6ymlA Nk3j5
trbso3iDm csp0JtQJµ3ixCh5gA.
sc6vsZFi˜4 e7ut5 Wg{ymc5b6buiEiC6gQ5 sW3Ω4ƒ5V
Xsly: ∑ sW3Ω4f5 xkym9lQ9o bwµ4 wWsb3ui9o wWsbc6gt4 vt8zJD¬9lQ9o
Wg{ym˙E?Ms6bK5 sW3q9lb.
rWyisn?8iqD¬/6gw5 x5gˆui4V
Xsly: ∑ ®AÎq5g5 h?Msq5tx3u7mb. ryxi ®ADw5 x5gˆu4 wWsb3ui4 ®AÎiCwZ5b
iEo˙u4
bwmwq5g5
h8qtx3u7mb.
wµ9o
srs4f9l
Xsz
N5to7∆CJ5gx¬MsCm
srs4f8 wµ4 s6hxlut6gQ5 s8kx4f5 x˚6ymw8Nc5b3ixoCwZ4r5 s6hxl7u4 t2Xn6gQ5
bwµ4
wozt2XJ/4v
wont5gQ5
Wc5b6XJ7uJz.
s6hxlut6gQ5
xk4fq5
iE/s0/w6yymNhx6gQ5 xhw˜4 Ws?JJz bwµ4.
w˚y3u1i4 si4√5 — Xsly x1µo4
125
wXCsbt9orx6 nNc5b6bFi6t5V
Xsly: ∑ cjt8i bµi vo5gDlgw8N6.
ns9l: nNc5b6buit[Å6 N7u•V wXCsbosc5bi6r5 N7ui6V
Xsly:
N7ui6
ryxi.
swA8i6hw˙a`Qi8i4
∑.
bwm
u6ftoE9lz
scMsEKz
wµ4
x5gˆaZlxi4
swA8ic6©÷q7mb
S©Dlgw8N3lA
u6n6gQ5.
bwµ4
x0pXlZlxz xr5t5gu4 scMs3z5 ∫8N Gns9lH yM¨9li xw2Ù w9¬2 wlx•9li xw2Ù
bwm xr5t5g6 sNo u6ng6u4 bw/Exc3u7m5. xkos6gu9o u6n3iC3z5.
w3it5 ck6 xqÔo6t9lQ5 ej{yEs6ni3u4 wo8ixt2XMs6rQ5V
Xsly: bwµ4 wMs/6tbs9lb wo8ix6tbsy8ˆ˙uisZ5b wo8ix6gQ`Q5txClx6t9lb
wµ9o Xw2Ùu4 W?Ms`Q5gx¬Z5b b=?o yMu wMs/3ij9l wonstQ?/uiEZ5tA5 µ8NsJ4f5 gryN6ybw8N6ymJ5. mfx x3Nw5 bf8ˆ3iutA5 nNi3k5 xˆNui5 wo8iƒ7u7mb mfx
bwµ5bs6 wonJx¬9lt4 WQxMs6ym`Q5©Zlx5 bf8ˆi3uA5 ryxi. bwmwymJw8NsZ5b
xatX5tsa9lb xatysti4 W?9l6ymi6nsZ5b. mfx x3Nw5 x3N6ysti4 W?9l6ymi6ns7mb bwmwozJA5 b=?. s9lusJ6 ryxi xat9l x3Nw9l xf9o‰gw8N6©÷o3zb.
ck6 scs0/symc5b3iEF5 Nk3j5 trÇ5bs8iD{y s=?¬8•5
xs9M6ymlt5 Nk6y8iDF5 ck6 Wd/s8i7mΩ6W5V
Xsly:
Nk3o
moZgcs7u7m5
W/s5bwoQxcMs6ymq7m9o
ryxi
µ8NsJ4f5
˙3l
scD8N6gz s9lusJ4f9o ryxi Nkw5 sam0Jbsc5bo3zb bs?io yKi5t8iso6g6
xgMs6bt8i czoµ5tx4f5 Nk6 W/sNhxExz ˆ7mo3z5 W/s5bwomFcMs`Q5tx3zb.
kNo8k N8k5 tr√9M˙a?8iu7mb ck3o scs0/sym?8i6r5
Wd/s9lt5V
Xsly:
wµ4
scs0/sM5∫3lz
WMs6ymq4vlx6gz
∫8No
wo6fysK6
ryxi
samtbsJ8Nq5tx3zb. W5bwom/Exc6t8NQ9o bwm trbsisnNgw8N3z5 xabs9li
ßmJZM7j5
WJmicw
mo5gA
s9lusJ6
ßmJ3ix6ti5
ßmJDmi6
bwm8No
Wbcc5bo3z5
bwµ
wo6fyEMs6bK5
eµtbsNhx6bg9l
ryxi
ryxio
W/Exco3zb
N8kZhx3Fst8NA. bwmwc5b6ymJz x?i Nko7usbsMsCm er6b3Jxusbs9lz, bwµ4
eµt5tNhxc5bcbsymJz
x9˜¬8•5
µi
sz∫i
er6b3Jx2
˚ym9lb
srx4f
wmwZMo6t9lA sux6gF{ngw8Nso6t9lA NkoD¬7m ∫s?8N b2X8N s8k4 wµ mfx
126
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
w9lC˜cs3mb Nugw8N6 ßmJ3ixt4f5 r4fgw8N3k5 wy3FsJµ3ix6gi4. bwmw5g6bc7ml
b2Ùi c5tirx6 b=?•t9lb N8kk5 WzhDl8k5 trbsMs6ym7uZ5b. eµtbsNhD¬/6X4vlx6gt3 s8k4f4, cs9li bm0/ v˚K w˜3 s¨Eym7mb yi5bC5b b=?o N˚2 wMz
bf8ˆo6vC bµi v˚2 nix•C/5g6 bwµ4 sux9¬8•5 v˚9¬8•5, xdxi b=?i xsMs†5
xbc5b3zb. cspm/w8NEZ{ys4 b=?o Nk6 b=Kz6gi sN xsM0/wtz ®9lA
khf∫c5bo3u7mA
wk5tg5
gnsm9lz
wk5tg[Å6
Nkw5
whmc6g5
bwµ4
∫8N
gnsm/gcC. s2WEx4v8iCm hoJ{nv8ioJKz Nk3u4 bfC8ˆCm khf∫~Ms6gA n4fvw8NX5gis4 ®7ux6bi wk5tg5 whmc6g6 gry4vistQ6ƒpym/C. ryxi wM4v wk©q8Nm
c5tv9MsZ5b hC5ty/Exz x5bEoC4f nixk5 drExc5bdpoJZm ∫4fx n4f8ixo3zQ5
bwµ4
ryxi
n4fMs6ym/q5.
WNhxD8•Ms6ym/q5
nixk5
drEx6gcc5bo6gi
b=?5txfl4 bfC8ˆ6bK5 sW8NCi w9lC˜cC5b bµi yˆ•5gu4 b=?•5ggc3uq˜4 bµi
v˚K5 xjym7mb ciQ/5txt8i b=?5txa9lt4 u9lEx3lQ9¬8•5 tr[Z3iq5g6. bwµ4
®9lA bw8N tAoDlx xsM0/w0Jbs˙6. ®9lA khf∫Ms6gA n4f√9MX4r¿. gnsm/gcE9lQ5
Nkw5 wk5tg[Å6 whmø5 s2WoEx4v8iMs6ymKz bw{hmi.
xsM0/wZh5guicwV
Xsly: ∑ xsM0/wZh5gui6.
bm4fx Nkw5 whmc3iq5tA5 wk5tg5 bwµÇl4
scstQ/Excc5bMsq7uJ5V
Xsly:
∑,
Wlx6gw5,
Wd/s˙a`Q5ggcs7m5
/s˙aQK5
ßmJw5
bwv`Z5
xrix3ixlq8k5,
ckD¬/6
ubstQlQ9¬8•6
hDysi5t8i5
xrixD8N6gx¬7mb
x9˜5
w˜4
bm4fx
dFxMstQlQ9¬8•6
Nkw5
Wlx`AxE-
wi6t4v8iDbsv8i6ymMs6g5
bm4fx w6yN3iq5 mo5bsJ{ns8i3zb.
ck6 Ù/sQx3iDF9¬8• ck scs0/sym?Œ6XMsEF5V
Xsly: ≈4vw scs0/sMs6ymMsq5gz Ù/sQxDm ckgw8N6 w˜4 gd8NhxDt{nu9¬8•5
scs0/sMs6ym?Ms8q5gz µ8No X8i6©DJ7u Nko7usbs5txq5gD¬MsC5b.
w˜9orx6 sXQx6bsJFis9li Nox8k5 eFxz/Exz w˜4
eFxz/Çz5 Nj5 eµQxz cspmtbsc5bMs6r5V
Xsly: b=? Nk6 b=?•2X6 w˜4 w{y¿3li¬8•5 skz g7m/q5 xKz sNΩ6
slExN3iC6bs7m5 sKz WQxD8Nz5 wyZqbÅ6 gk8zΩ6bzk5 wcEi6nE7mA bwµ4
cspmtbsNh2XMs3uJA5.
w˚y3u1i4 si4√5 — Xsly x1µo4
127
w4fx Nkw5 ryxi trÇ3iC6bs?J?5V
Xsly:
ßmJoµ5
kNo8˚6vb
trÇ6gw8NsZlx5
bm4fx
Nkw5
trÇ3iC6bsJw5
w6yN3iDlq8k5 w7mç bw/sZJlx6f5 trÇ3is2 u{~k5.
wkw5bs trÇc5b3i6v5V kNo8˚Çu4 trÇ3iC6bs?5V
Xsly: ≈[Zw. tr5gu9o ryxi scsys?Ms6g6 bm8N.
N8kMs6ymF5V
Xsly: ˙cw7m xatX5ts6.
N8kQsCF5 dFx˙tsMs6ymF5V
Xsly: c˚8iClx6fzrx6.
ns9l: µ8Nt©c5bJ`Q5g5.
Xsly: ryxi w8NX5tsao6gz N8kQsMs6ymJz, w8Nf¬o6gz.
ßmJEsCF5 N5tu9¬8• mfiz W/EsDt8i4, kNø5
iE/6ggw8NsQxc3iE?5V
Xsly: ryxi N5t3u xbsy3u, w˜4 xqJx¬q2X kNo6XZ˜3Ôt9lA giy/sisngw8N6©÷3u7mb. ∫8N bwµDlgw8ˆ6bsJ8NMsq5g W/EsDtQ/K s=?¬8• nNpcD5b
nNp5t8k5 ryxi eyzi9¬8• xe[Qf¬2X5 eyflx W/s4vs0Jyxa?Ms6g. W/EsDtoµ8i
bwmw5bExc6©÷6XMs6gz.
x7ml
bs{hm
xayxc3i6v5
x3Noxc3ic9l
xayxc3i6v5 Wlx6gu nNpzb ∫8N cwbsJ6 W/EsD∫b eyz¬8• bmy0÷qbz
XX5tx3lA ryxi. dFxQifj6vw.
ns9l: nNpz W/EsDtzi4 WZ/6g6 y[Azi, ƒ5tzi9l.
rhu4 ßmJChx6gt5 dFxQi6ÙEJFs4V
Xsly:
dFxQ/w8ˆlQZlx6gQ5
w9lu.
g5gZhxDmi3j9l
g5g5
b=?
tEZixChxDmi3j9l
dFxQ/6ÙlŒ8N6gQ5
w{y¿gw8No6fz
N5to7∆Chxc5bD¬/6ymJx¬Kz
b=?
wk©Zlx6gz e7uv wMgxEZlx6gQ5 WNhxD¥8i9l m3Î8i4 b2Ù•2X5gz bwµ4 ryxi
ej{¥8k5 ˆ7m2XMs3z5 b2X8N. si4√6gxgw8NEo6bC xgD8•6bC. si4√6gxgw8No6fz
xgD8•6bC.
128
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
ttCsyE/sif5
b6r6, srs2 xy0pb3iq5 x7ml s9lEx5
≈J „b
b
6®5 xtgcq5 x7ml srs2 xy0p6b3iq5 ttCsyEAmMs6b4v. gnMs6ymZm
b6®5 xtgcq8i4 wk4tg5 x7ml whmMs3lz s?5t8k5 srs6b6gusbsJk5
grc3i6nsQxq8i4
s9luso6g6
xg˙Eo6bt8i5
b6rysyti5.
WsQ7mE5bC
∫6®5 x?t5b ckw2X9oxizi4 bw/s7mb, ˙3l g5gw5 u6fw6X9oxq8i4 s=?l8•5
yeis2 st6X9oxizi4. x7m5bs6 gryAmMs6Sz srs2 xy0p6X9oxiq5 dFxhAbs?Ms3mΩb x7ml ck6 cspm?Ms3mΩb Nj5 ~`Zo3mΩ3u4 bm4fx cspmMs`Q8N4r5.
∫4fx d5t5g3us5 ho b6®5 srs9l xy0p6b3iqb bwÅtq8i4 ho cspmK5 ryxi
∫4fx X8i6©us5 w8Nq5 xW6hMs6∫4v4 m3Î8i4 b6rs2 xtq8i4 ryxi w6vsmMs6S5.
x7ml gry4v8iMs6Sz ck6 wkw5 cspm?Ms3mΩb Nj5 ~`Qx5nu8i4 s9lEx5, b6r6
x7ml
yei6
bf5ns`Q4vlx6t9lQ5.
bm8N
dFxN5yxMs6g6
g~Qxz.
x7m5bs6
gryMs6Sz N5yx5 k3Cw9l xtq8i4 xq9o?9oxt9lQ5, b6rul hNu w˚˙aiq8i4
xyq8i9l.
wob4v ∫4fNi xW6hc5b9lb w8N3i4 xuhx¬Ms6g5 x7ml wo2Ù9oMs6Sz ck6
ea9o3u4 xW6h5txD8N3mΩ3m. s?5yxD3in3i4 xW6hlxj5 x9˜5 wonW eg3zc3mΩ5
xWEQxz SwAMs6bC ∫{hm w˚izi4 xW6hExcMsClx6gz. gryQx4v8iDt5ni4
s?5yxD3ini4 fCw{©yus`AMs6t8NQ5 ho rs0Jti4 xJ3N3i6nsMs6S6 sW8NCi wkw5
scs0/sMs3mb
s2WE/gc3u8i4
tEA˙yi9l
xgd/sA8•Ms3mb
¿6tbsMs6t9lQ5.
∫4fx w8Nw5, w8Ngcw5 ekw5gÙlMs6S5 x7ml rsAm5yxc5bMs6ht4 xW6ftQ/sJu4
cspmgxCu4.
wMzA5
cspmZlx6gt4
scsycDmc5bMs`Q5g5
xg6ym`Qbu8i4
gnsmZlx6ht4. bm8N5bs6 woAtQ4v8iMs3u/C.
b6r5
srs6b6gu b6r5 xtc6tbs?Ms6S5 x?tu1i xy0p6X9oxJ5 W9lQ5. bm4fx b6r5
xtq5 NlNw6yymc5bMs6S5 ckw2X9oxJi4 ˙3l yei6bc4v8io6t9lA, w3is2X9oxJ9l
NlNw6b9lt4,
xyq9l.
N•8iE/w5
srsao‰1izk5
x0pŒ`Qx3JAbs-
?4vlx6t9lA bm4fx b6r5 xtq5 x0pŒ4©bs[AMs6g5. sfx scsygcw5 w9lo7u5
x7ml u5tmbo7u5.
JMw: w4˙5; kN xs2X9ox7m5, ƒ4XM5tJxlw5 w4˙M/s0JtQ÷.
w[lo1u n[ZÎ5
ttCsyE/sif5 — b6r6, srs2 xy0pb3iq5 x7ml s9lEx5
129
xs[Ay: n[ZÎ5: kN csylxD8•6t9lA, xs/so6hi x7ml g5g5 xuq5
n[Zso6g5. w[lo1u xf9oÎ5
y5t2WE: xf9oÎ5: g5g5 u6fq5 n[ZslxCt4 x7ml g3DlxCt4,
xf8iz•t9lQ5. w[lo1u xuCw/s5
s5©WE: xuxoÎ5\koxoÎ5: g5g5 N[Jq5 xuCw/o6g5. w[lo1u
srsoÎ5
kFWE: gn6©5: yfymo6t9lA wkw5 wq3CD8No6g5 w˚ctuk5 xwlt4
gnc5bst9lt9l. Wlx6gu4 W7mEs?Ms6g6 gnExDt4 e7ucsClx3mΩb
w˚ZhxDt5n©7mb. w[lo1u5bs6 gn6©5
tyWE: bsF[Jx6|bsJxl4: ∫6gÙ¬o6t9lA yei6 kwc5bD8•3m5.
w[lo1u5bs6 bsF[Jx6.
/kxE: cs7mQx6: yei6 st6X9oxo6t9lA cs7m4X9ox4v8iyQx3m5,
w[lo1u ye8ˆD5.
F=FxE: cz5∫4n6\cz5∫3J4: yei6 d=?X9oxgw8No6t9lA b2Xsz.
w[lo1u5bs6 cz5∫4n6.
µ5y: wrx6X=F4 yei6 d=?X9o6ymo6g6 ho b2Ùix¬lx8q5g6.
w[lo1u xK8•5; msNw8ˆ6g5 N5yx5 w˚o6g5. wMq5 w˚˙5, wMq5
es˙5 gd9lt4.
xw3Eo: N5y0/5\N5yx5: N5y5 w3isoCu4 N5yx6∫6go6g5. w[lo1u5bs6
N5t0/5.
mw: tE[lw5: s0Jw5 w3isoCu4 WxCq5 tE[¬iC6bs7mb.
gW6©5: xSt w9lc3F5nsA8•3m5 wkw5 gW3j5 k5t6t6g5.
Ôi: m8•5:
130
t7ux5 m8ico6g5.
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
X8i6©u sfx xtE/sJ5 w6vsm/sMs6g5 F=KxEj5 x7ml µ5yj5.
F=KxE: f9lbi5g6, f9lw5 N˜•t4fFs4 csmis2, csmiz bf5ns7m5
f9¬2 x∫A5 x7ml yei6 bf5ns5hi d˜A5.
µ5y: N5yxoxd5, N5yxk5 yK9o3k5 w˚o3F4.
srs2 xy0p6b3iq5:
wMq5 srs2 wlxi xy0pb3izk5 bwy0J†5 ho xg6bs?5g5, xg6XoClx6t9lb
c9lˆtg5 bwy0JysJi4 NlNwEx6hA czs7mΩ6 x3ÇÅ2 wlxi. ∫4fxo wk8k5
scsyJ5 NlNw6yAbs?8i3mb sW3Ω˜a7mΩ6, sW3z6~a7mΩ6, sW3Ω3MEs7mΩ6,
bm4fiz.
xu˙i6nsJ5
bwy0J¥5
X8i6©u
eu3D5hQ5
w9los2
x7ml
u5ymbos2
bwy0Jyq5, NMN`Q4vlx6hi xg6X5bu•5 ∫4fiz5nw8N6 NlNw/w5yx6ht4.
sfx xg6bsMs6g5 w9lo7u srs2 xy0p6b3iq8i4 scsyc6gt4:
sW3z5~6: sW3z5~at9lA, x5gxic6g5 µ5y\∑2S¬
sW3Ω6: sW3Ω6 x5gxic6g6 mw\Ôi
xs/6: xs/6, x5gxic6g6 JMw k8axk5, xs[Ay\y5tWE WQxoC∫6t9lA
srx4~6: srx4~6, x5gxic6g6 y5t2WE, s5©WE\˚F2WE
srx6: sfx6, x5gxic6g6 ˚F2WE\†y2WE
srs6: srs6, x5gxic6g6 ÷8kxE\F=KxE
sfx bwy0J¥5 X8i6©u srs2 wlxi xy0p6b3izk5 scsysMs6g6 Xsly x1µo1j5.
srs6: srs6 b6rq8i ÷8kxE, F=KxE. b=?i srs2 wlxi
yfymo6g6 wms2 çz.
sW3z4~6: sW3z6X9oxo6t9lA b6rzi µ5y, xw3Eo. bµi srs2
wlxi w4®N8qi6nso6g6 s8kZw7m5 w4®N6y?4vlx6hi.
ttCsyE/sif5 — b6r6, srs2 xy0pb3iq5 x7ml s9lEx5
131
sW3Ω9ME4: sW3Ω9ME6 b6rzi mw, Ôi. bµ•o u†5 m8ioso˙5,
x7ml g5gw5 u6fw/o6ht4 Ôiu.
xs/vn4: xs/DC∫6t9lA JMwu. bµ•o6t9lA wMq5 t7ux5 m8ios˙5
bwlA wu6fbwM4.
xs/9ME4: xs/9oEso6g6 b6rzi xs[Ay bµ•o6t9lAl kN6Xo6hb
g5gox6hb x8kÇ5ni4 x7ml ie6ni4.
srx6Xy4: srxoC∫6 b6rzi y5t2WE st6X9oxo6hbl yˆk5
kN6XMs6hb.
srx9ME4: srx9ME4 b6rzi s5©WE, ˚F2WE, x7ml †y2WE. g5gw5
koxo6ht4 s5©WEu kN¨8ΩMs6ht4 x7ml yfx6X9oxo6ht4 wmw5.
s9lEx5
∫6©o6t9lQ5 b6®5 srsat9lA xy?6†5 xgc5bExco˙a7mb s9lExi4 NlNw4fbE5hQ5 xq3CX9oxoCu4 xy?6ymMs6ht4 kNu s=?¬8•5 yˆ•`Û6ht4. xyq9l xg6bs?Ms6g5 xWisymJ5 x7ml ckwoziq5 xSts2. gnEx4v8iMs6gz s9lEx5 u5~k5
Xslyu5, ryxi whmQoMsC4r5 wMA5ystQxq5 xW6h3is2 wlxi yxDD4vi3m5.
sfx wMq5 s9lEx5 xg6bs?Ms6g5 X8i6©u czso3mΩ6 x7ml hNs2 u5~•7mΩ6
X8i6©6:
dg6©4 xg6bs?Ms6g6 Xslyj5 ˚ymoCwZu kNø5 xyxk5 s=?¬8•5
xy?6ym9li.
g5g3J4 dg6©4 sz∫•2Í4. g5g3J4 wicy?7mt4 s9¬2
cs7m3iEix6bzi. dg6©4 x7jxX9oxo˙aK6 s9¬2 csmiz
who2X9oxo6t9lA.
s9M5g5 s9lEx5 Wzh5 gro‰5g5.
s[J[Ô4 Gx?bo4 x7ml szt5yxzi x?∫5yx6H s9lExa7uÔ4
xg6bs˙a5ht4 czso3mΩ6 x7ml NlNwDbs?5ht4 hf5y¨7mΩ3u4.
132
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
“s9lEx6 xbsy6 xg6XMs6ym/C /Z0/wfbE9lA bf{ns˙6 x9˜5 cs7m2X9oxoClx6t9lA. xg6XMs6ym/C X8i6©j5 st6X9oxoCm xy?6ymMs6gz. xtz ∫{hm
s9lEx2 cspm`QbC Xslys2 scsyq5.”
s9lEx5 xg6bs?5g5 u5tmbo7u:
xf5gÔ4 s9lEx4 m3Î4 xg6bs˙4 NlNw4fbs5ht4 st3iEix6bzi4
yeis2.
x[ø4 s9lEx4 m3Î4, xw2Xz xqi6ns5hi, NlNw4fbs˙4 xy?6t8k5
cz xy?3N6y7mΩ6 s9˜4f5. hD¥5 iFx6yx9l yMj5
xi÷6tbs?Ms6ymJ5 cspQx6tbs5ht4 bf5ns7mΩb eM7u. xM4v3mb
bwm X3NQxcyK5 xy?6†5. b=?i5bs6 s9lEx6bc3uJ6 xy?6t8k5 NlNw4fbs˙u4
xq3CX9oxoCu4 yˆys6vs5ht4. WQxoCu4 ~`Z9lxMs6ht4 x7ml tr2X9oxo3mb kNo8k5
niÇ˚6X9oxy5b6f6 s9lEx6.
w9lo7u x7ml u5tmbo7u4 xyq8i4 NlNw4fbc3uJ5 hf5y¨7mΩ3u4. xgD8N3u/K5
xSts2 ckwoziq5 kNu. xSt c5y5gcso6X9oxt9lA, xkEZJ5g6 ˙3l xbsy3u4
wv`Û6gu4 x7ml s9lEx5 bf5nst8NQ5 xgD8N6bK5 xSts2 ckwoziq5. sclÇ5
xW?9oxK6 s/Cs2 niCzi4 xkEZu bwv`Z5. slx8N6 wlx•Ω6S6, xWymZ˜5hi,
wMq8k5 bw/s˙6 bl÷6. ∫4fx NlNw4fbsA8N6g5 Nr`Û3mΩ3u4. kN5t8i bw/K5
slx8N6. wMq8k5 bw/s˙4 ˆ`Ax6.
xW6ftcMs3uZm dFx˙bsJc˙a7mΩ6 x3ÇÅ2 wlxi. ryxio NiylxMs`Q5gz
ryxi gnMsClx6gz xbsy3u4 wonWu4 u5tmbo7usu4.
yei6
dFx˙tc3i6 st3izi4 yeis2 u5tmbo7u.
b6®5
xuhZ˜5
dFxQ/so6hi,
∫6gx¬Ms6t9lQ5
d9ooµ9l
s9¬2
cuQxco6ht4.
r9oz
wfmJu4
bf5nDo˙a7mb
wp6ymJcClx6hi
x7ml
wk8k5
wr5yv8iDb-
six6gu4 d9o3k5. bwµ4 Wsyc6XMs6g5 dFx˙tc6ht4 yeis2 st3izi4.
N5yx5 g5gw9l xuh5 ∫4fx b6®5 g`ZFcMs3mb w˚o3isJi4 s=?¬8•5 u6fw/3isJi4 N5y3k5 g5gk9l whmQMsC4f gnDuNC/Exz x0pŒ`Q5g5 N5yx5 xtq5 x7ml
g5gw5 k3Cqb. N5yx5 xtq5 x7ml g5gw5 k3Cqb gnMs6b4v Xsly x1µo1u5
X8i6©3usu4.
ttCsyE/sif5 — b6r6, srs2 xy0pb3iq5 x7ml s9lEx5
133
N5yx5:
N5yx5: N5yx5. sfx xtE/sJ5 N5yxk5 w˚oC∫6t9lQ5 b6rzi
xw3Eo.
w9Ms5: w9Ms5 ho xˆNqb wlx•5t9lQ5.
c?s6: N5yx6 s6hoÙl4 tuui.
b8i6: eyz xy0pX9oxJ6 x7ml wpzb x?lq5 u6fc[ZwN6ht4.
Nnw6g6\N5yxC÷6: N5yx2 u6fz „/o6g6 x7ml ixdzb u6fz
w8N6tg5 u6fco6g6.
niCD9o6: u6fz w8N6tg5 u6fco6g6 ≈[ZsZlx6 niCq4 tuzb,
∫4fxo ho N5yx6tg5 u6fc6ht4.
hNu3i6: N5yx2 u6fzi4 WbcD8•6g6.
g5©2 k3Cq5:
g5©2 k3Cq5: k3Cw5.
w9Ms5: w9Ms5 ho xˆNqb wlx•5t9lQ5.
k3C˜6: w˚oCu u6fz e3ˆzJ6 bw/sJ6 e3iDJ4.
xs2X9M5g6: vJDZM7m5 bwµ4 bw/s˙6.
cfx9Mo6g6: s=?¬8•5 d0JDJ4: u6fz X3NX9oxo6t9lA srs3j5
cf6y?9ox9li.
k3C6: x3ÇA6∫6g6 k3C6.
kvgZ6: x3ÇAc9lx6g6 xbsy3u4.
xan9lfl4: xat, x3ÇAo4 m3Î8i4.
134
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
x3N9lfl4: x3N6, x3ÇAo4 m3Î8i4.
k3Co4: x3N6 k3Co4.
k3Cc`Q5g6: x3N6 k3Cc`Q5g6.
X8i6: xat w8N6.
whx•5g5
wo5gÙ¬Jz ∫4fN`Z5 xW6h3isJi4. gryo6gz cspm`Q5gÙ¬Jz w˚ys2 u5~k5
µ8NDl4 w˚yE/sMs6©2. s0pDh8i6nsc5b3ixo6gz w8N3k5 si4√E/sJi4 ˆMst4f5,
bMÏn4f5, x7ml kNø5 wlx8i. x7ml wo2Ù9oMs6gz cktQ wMQ/stQxc3mΩ5tA
w8NE/K5
wo8ix3is2
wlxi.
bm4fx
wo8ixt5yc5b6ym7mb
cspm/s/Exo8i4
si4√i9l st6tbsQxø5 wiQMs6buk5 wo8ixt5ypQix6bK8i.
cspQxD†5
w8Ngcw xW6hbst9lQ5: Xsly x1µo4, ns9l Nvh4, wonW ß5g? x7ml Bw3F Xix6.
Mathiassen, T.
1928 Material Culture of the Iglulik Eskimos. Report of the Fifth Thule Expedition
1921-24. Vol. VI. Copenhagen: Gyldendalske Boghandel.
Rasmussen, K.
1929 Intellectual Culture of The Iglulik Eskimos. Report of the Fifth Thule Expedition
1921-24. Vol. VII (1). Copenhagen: Gyldendalske Boghandel.
1930 Observations on the Intellectual Culture of the Caribou Eskimos. Iglulik and
Caribou Eskimo Texts. Report of the Fifth Thule Expedition 1921-24. Vol.
VII (2-3). Copenhagen: Gyldendalske Boghandel.
ttCsyE/sif5 — b6r6, srs2 xy0pb3iq5 x7ml s9lEx5
135
x3Nk5 moZw5
K•{ ƒ©
i
DxZEMs5bv x3Nk5 moZw5 W0Jtc6gz dFxŒ8N˙EZ4r5 x3Nk wo6fygcq5.
tnmi4 w8N9ME8i4 xW6hMs6gA5: wonW ß5g?4 u5tmbo7u5; ns9l Nvh4
x7ml Xsly x7µo4 X1i6©us∫4; x7ml Bw3F Xix6 w[lous6. ∫4fx xW6h3isJ5
m3Îi4 x3ˆi4, ryxi5bs6 xW6fy6bcc5bMs3uJ6 xatk5. cspAmMsCm h7m5 x3Nw5
moZc3insMs3mΩb, xati5.
∫f8Ni scoµZ3i m3Îi4 (Rasmussen: 1929: 168-180 1931:504-505) Rasmussen
ttCMsg6 xg6bsQxo8i4 x3Nk5. xW6hi3i9o xWEc5bMsCm ∫4fx xg6bsQxc`Qgw5
u4~k5. w8N9ME8i5 scs0/sMs6gz bm4fxÅ6 moZw5 mo5bsA8•6g5 µ8N.
ns9l
xˆNzbÅ6
moMs6ym`Q5giÅ6
∫4fiz
scstMs6ym8i`Q7ms4
scoµZu
sc6ym/q8i
bm4fiz,
Rasmussen-s2
scD8NMs`Q5g6
x3Nk5
xg6bsQxc6gFi3i4.
wonW scMs6g6 x3Nw5 moQxc3i6ns÷Ms6g5 xati5 xsˆhai6 W0JtQ9lA.
xat5bs6 moQxcMs3uJ5 koxz xsˆ3izi bm8Nl bw/sMs6g ro`Zi3u4. wonW
scMs6g6 x3Nw5 xsˆ3i3ui wqQxcMsq5g5 xat5 wq=FQc5b6bq8k5. wonW
x7ml ns9l scMs6©4 x3Nw5 wlxdtc6XMs6g5 svoC/7u4 x7ml xyq8i4. wonW
scMs3uJ6
∫8N
mo5bs`Qgx6X5
w8NFQix6bzb
wlxdtz
x3Nj5
x∫k5
xats2
Niy÷q5g6
x8kC{n/EQxcMs`Qbz.
sw4nu4.
miClxDit9lis4
bw8No
xs7u4
svoC/4
sc6gi
∫8N
wo/s?Ms6g6
w5btxd9lis4.
x3Nw5
scs0pQxcc5b6g5 kN6vtui4 xsˆo3iDt4 s=?¬8•5 W3l8iDt4. ns9l scMs6g6
Wzhx6t6giÅ6
W3lguis8iC6gi
x7ml
v2Wxh8iCi.
sc6gi
w3iJ÷gw8N6-
guisiC6gi, ryxi xsˆ3i6ns9li w3i9ME8i3u5. Xix6 si4√Ms3uJ6 x3NÎ6 swuk5
sc3ixMsClx6gi W3liEx4n6 ryxi v2WxhoCu sc`Œ8N6guis9li v`AN6gdtQo6gis9l. W3l4vu ∫8N N0pxuii w9oys2 x∫˚6gis4 sc4viCil bm5hm u4~k5.
ßmJD8Nw9o9lt4, wkw5 cspNt4 h7m5 bwmw5b3mΩb xz4fu4 cwdpo6gF•5. ∫8N
csp9li x3N6 v`AQ/cExz x7ml wp6yymQxzi4 w9oyz5b x∫i. ∫8N b=?
W0JtQ9lA
ßmJ6gcD8Nw9ot5tymQxz.
b=?i
s8kzi
xz4f6
xs9MC∫8t9lA
g~oMs6g5 xwF3i4 yf¨5gi4. sb6rA8Nw9olt9l s9˜D˜3izi4 ßmJ6ysDmj5. ns9l
scMs5g6 bm4fx W0JtQ9lQ5 moQxcd5 moZsJw5. mo`Q4fFQ5 w7ui4 ≈8it8ix6gt5
x7ml wMQ/3i4. N0pJw5 scs0/s?Ms6g5 eMD0÷yc5bd/s9lt4 rhgw8N3i4 w9oxz5b
Ùz w6Xz5txd/sj5 w3iho6v5. x3Nw5 scs0/s?Ms3uJ5 btJi4 c9o{ymd/sZt4
y=Fxz xFA85Ntxd9lA. N0pJ5 scs0/s?Ms3uJ5 Xts/u4 bjxd/sZt4 N0piq8i
136
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
kbC6∫z cd6bu4 xux6ym5b6Wx˜3z5 w˚2X5. fuc5bq9lt9l ˆui4 xo5gi4fw5
bf4nslxdNQ5.
wonW scMs6g6 cJ3u4 wuExcMs`Q7uJ5 ieo7u4 x7ml urZ6gd/sZt4 ryxi
ßymJu4.
N0pJw5
mr5bstQd/s?Ms3uJ5
bwmwos3i6
w6f7mgxDt4
w3inCw0JtsiC6bs9li.
sX5bstQQxc6gt4
w3inCw˜3z5.
yMj5
x7ml
yei3j5
s=?¬8•5
moZ6bcMs3uJ6
eFx3lt4
w{hJzs0pd/s2X5
wZ˜4f5
w5gxCExc`Q8i3u4
s=?¬8•5 st6bCs/Exc`Q8i3u4 Ù4f5 xi?9oxli. wonWs[Å6 sfxz b7m{huz
hoZlx3mΩ5 cspAmÔ÷Ms3m5 w5gxC6gi x7ml Ù4f5 s5t6bCs/6gi. w3iho3z5
W[ZN6gxl7u4 xgoMs6g6. ∫8N s8kxoµ6 w3ihMs6g6. cspoMs6g6 bm4fx moZw5
mo5bs/Exc3iq8i4. wkw5 s2WDh2XMs3uJ5 yM Ws`Qoc5b˙6 moZsJw5 xg6bs5txD8•Cw7mb.
x3?ix6t5
tr7mb
xuh5
x3Nw5
N0poMs6S5,
x9˜5
swc5tx6g5.
Xsly
scMs6g6 w9Mq[Å6 xat5 koxui4 bs6y0Jtcc5bMs6g5 b=¿v∫Dmj5.
moZ6bcMs3uJ6
scMs3u/z
ey7u
xˆNQ/sJ5
grExc`Q5g6
S˜f∫d/sZt4
x7ml
eg3zcDi.
®9MQxcCi
N0pAi.
wonWs5bs6
b=?gx6
ey4
byyD8N6bClxz. ns9lo scMs6g6 bwmwQxcMs6ym8i`QQx6 moZi4 gnsm`Qj5.
u6h3i6 W9MEsMs3z5 w˚yzk5 b=?gx6 ˆ5ta/4f5 k6vzZu.
bm4®4 wonW4f4 ns9l4f4 sw∫6tbsJF•4 w˚h5©t9lQ4 !%-i4 xÇAc6tlQ4. b7m4®
sw∫DmMs`Q5©4
iDxZE/symJi4
∫fkz.
ryxi
sw∫EMs6bq4.
b=?gx6
xpŒ`Q8iEMs6bq4 wonW4f4 xw2X‰4 Wc8N‰oMs3zt4 bµi sW3z{~zi vtFz5b,
Wc8N‰7mEo6gt9l.
wonWs2
xˆNz
ekzn2XMs6g
u6hi3u
wo8ixt5tQx6
∫huz,
ryxi
nWoMs`Q5g6 xˆNz gryA8Nq49lx3m5. WAm9MEMs3z5 u6hi7u4. N7ui6 wo8ixt5toCu eg3zui4 ˙J6noMs3uJ6 bwmw4vu5bs6. W÷E9li bwmwMs`Q5©Zlx6.
ns9¬5bs6 xˆNz bwmwMs3uJ6 ryxi5bs6 u6hEsDm9ME4vu woMs3uJ6.
ns9l si4√Ms3uJ6 w3ih{¥igc7u4. swŒ4 bm®4 w3ih{¥ymÔ4 xuhi4. ns9l
scs0p5txMs6gi x3Çq5 iW`ZZw7mb hQxc3ix3i3ui4 „6yZh9li WQx6XMs6g6.
x[Zi
ÍExcc5bMs6bq5,
x5g6yAil
tyJu4
∫8N
xitQxc6gis4.
cspm5txExc6X5gi frq5 x5gq4vlx3mÛb x3Çzk5. x3N6 w3ih5g6 s2Xtui4
xsMt5tQxc6XMs6g6 x4hxl4, kbC6 xid9lis4.
wonW x7m ns9l scMs6©4 tAx3iDF5 kbC3u4 iEt9lA wµ4 ryxis?Ms6g6
cJ3u4 sd7uy8lt5 kbCs2 ciz˚3lA. xµm5t5ti6 N0p/w4fbs?Ms6g6. ns9l nrxk5
scs0/sMs6ymJui6 x3ÇÅ8k5 m3Î8k5 xsˆc5b3ix`Q8iC6bs9li xµm5t5t7m5. ns9l
ttCsyE/sif5 — x3Nw5 moZq5
137
xsˆyZu
x3ÇÅ4
m3Î4
xiAMs6t8NQ4
dx6~6guiÎ6
vkw5gx¬hQo6gi
ryxi
ckw8iq5g6. wo2Ùo6gz x3Nw5 moZq8i4. Ggr9ylzl h7m5 x3Nw5 moQxcMs3mzb
xu˙i6ni4, x7ml wo6fygcsMs6gu4 bw{hmi.H
cspQxDt5
x2W6h6b4v w8N9M‰5: Xsly x1µo4, ns9l Nvh4, wonW ß5g?4, x7ml Bw3F Xix6
Rasmussen, K.
1929 Intellectual Culture of The Iglulik Eskimos. Copenhagen: Gyldendalske Boghandel,
Nordisk Forlag.
1931 The Netsilik Eskimos. Social life and Spiritual culture. Copenhagen: Gyldendalske
Boghandel, Nordisk Forlag.
138
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
hD¥5 w`Q`AxDyq5
πi nw7mwJ6
c
spAmMsCm hD¥5 w`Qsyqb u4~k5. sN iDxMsC4f cspQxD5 cspAm9lz
∫4fx w8Ngcw5 cspm7mΩb ck6 w`QD8NmΩb hD¥5 w`Qsyzb u4~k5
s?9¬8•5 w`Qsy3i4 ckw5ggw8Ni4 w`QD8N3mΩb. sW8NCi bm4fx s?8k5
W7mEsJ5 x7ml SwAExc`Q8N5tA5 sx5txD8inw5 w`Qsyq5. x7ml W7mEs9lt9l
w˚ct5tk5
x7ml
SwAExc`Q5gt4
x0pQ`Qb7mExlQo6bz
x7ml
w`Qsygc3i4
s9luso6g6
µ8Nj5
tr9lA.
µ8Nso6g3o
WF{nclx6©÷D8•6g5
w8Ngci4
xW6hExz sx5txD W6fys?5gui3i4 sW8NCi xyq8i4 h/{nc3i6nso6g5.
bw{hmio
sx5txD
wo8ixFbc6XJq7m5
eg3zq8k5.
eg3zq5
ryxi
wo8ix6X5gu•5 xqJ6√q8i5 g~gw8N6gt4 xqJ6√q5 w`QoCw7mb.
w8Ngç8i4
m3Di4
xW6hMs6gz
hD¥5
w`Qsyqb
u4~k5.
∫4fx4
w8Ngç4
kN6vtŒMsq5©4 xw2Xz xto4 wonW ß5g?4 ∫8N u5tmbo7usb6 x7ml ns9l Nvh4
∫8No X8i6©u`Û6ymMs6g6. xW6h6√Ms6bC wonW ß5g?4 WQx6gA kF7? !@u5
tr5gA kF7? !%j5 !((^yst9lA x7ml xw2Xz xW6h5boE?C ns9l Nvh4 WQx6gA
kF7? !*u5 tr5gA kF7? @!j5 !((^yst9lA. hD¥5 w`Qsyqb u4~k5 s?¬8•5
w`Qsyi4
x0pŒq5gi4.
w`QD8N3mΩt4
∫4fx4
hDy6ysti4
wontbs?8i3mΩt4.
w8Ngç4
s?¬8•5
wonW
xWEMs6∫4v
xyq8i4.
rsMs6g6
cspm7mΩt4
xWEMs3u÷4v
xˆNzbÅ6
ck6
xqJ6√q8k5
wont2X5buiz
ck6
w`QExc3mΩ5 x7ml ns9l rsMs3uJ6 wµ4 gnC8ˆgw8N6giÅ6 w`Q6gcoCw7m5 bwµ4
w`Q˙D6gui6.
∫4fx4
xWE/w8NEMs¨÷4v4
w`QD8N3mΩt4
hD¥5
w`Qsyq8i4,
xcsy3u4 s?9¬8•5 ckw5ggwN3i4 w`Qsyi4 cspm7mΩt4. ∫4fx9l xqgw8NMs6©4.
wonW scMs3uJ6 µ8Nso6g3o w1Q6gcD8Nw9om5 w˚C∫k5 WxC3k5 wonW scMs3uJ6
w`Q6XJJ3oÅ6
u4~k5
eg3zuk5
x3ÇAc6t9lQ5
rs5txgw8Ns?Ms6©4.
ns9l
xbsy3u4.
scMs3uJ6
xWE/w8NECwZ4r5
w`QEsMs3iC6gi
w`Qs¥5
hD¥s9l8i
g~gw8N6gi wk7u4 w`Q6gu4.
wonsWs2 w`QZq5
yKo2Ùu WNhxDy3u wonW xWEMsC4f w`Qd9lA. wonW scMs6g6 ∫8N w`Qsy6
Wy6 Xw2Ùdt8i`Û6g6. gn3i7mEMs6g6 g~Qxz. b=? w`QMs6bz sNsK6:
x[Zq5
b7mDb
SgymMs6g5
N9oQ/C
nNMs6g6
xJ3i8i
bmwb3Jxi4
w√6tt`Z
ttCsyE/sif5 — hD¥5 w`Q`AxDyq5
139
∫8N w`Qsy6 xg6bs?Ms6g6 W`Ax6t5t0Jbs9li ∫8N xto4 w9lr∫3i3u4.
dl2ÙÔy, dl2XÙÔy, xw÷JDJ8i, xp÷JDJ8i v7usN vus∫, xs7u4,
xl7u4 b6bM5tK6. xzJmsN, yKxosN. xN3i5gxl[Jx6 xb=?
bMwg6 r4fo xzQZlx6W4r5 b4rfx xzQZlx6X4v xw÷¬t4f5
xp÷¬t4f5 h6ft4f5 u6ft4f5 cPIFsoi4f5 tZDt4f5 kK4f5 xw/.
∫8N w`Q6bz hDy3j5 gÇzJ6 x7ml xtc6gi xcsy7u4.
XiZsN, XiZsN, W8i6g3aN, W8i6©6 xatkaN WJuN˜6g3aN,
xatkaN bfJuN˜6g3aN. A7usb6, N9ousb6, xo?u˚5, sz?uk5,
yfyvukN tAux6g4n6. wm8Nw5gu4 bfMs6ym0/q5gΩ W8i6gu4 b2.
wpÇ6t9lQ5 ∫{huz w`QX8i3uJ5 xto7u4 ∂b.
∂∫ xw÷ s6f3us5 x8kCw5 cd9lw5 tF tF. ß5g6 v8N rl/Exo4
w[lxi4 v8N x[ZoÛ3J4, w[lxi4 v8N suoÛ3J6. e7um sN xlD∫,
goµ6 xbsy6, f/WZ6 xbsy6, w7j÷/p÷/ w7j6.
ns9¬2 w`QZq5
ns9¬2
w`QZq5
gn3i6©Ms6g5
x7ml
xWEZwZ4f
ns9l
w`Qs¥5
rs5tx6XMs6g6 x7ml gryN5tx6gt4 x7ml s=? w`QMs6bq5:
ns9l scMs6g6 ∫{huzÅ6 w`Q`Axgw8N6X5gui6 dFx˙tQ9lA
xbsFxt5tbs6 xbs?obs6 J5by xf5by xFe/9l/ s8N
xtQ7m yˆi iebc5bi7µ5 iebf5, y0/t, xwiS5 triÍ6 s4fxÍ5
∫8N w`Qsy6 ˆnwi3j5 gro4
xriNhac5b xbw Bxso, Bxso, Bxso phy bfA4f b=?so6X5
Bxsø6SA5 Bxso, Bxso Bxso, BxsoM.
140
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
u4~k5
∫8N
w`Qsy6
WysJ6.
ns9l
scMs3uJ6
∫8NÅ6
wobuiz
xJE6hwpu5.
x3F5gc8ibµ5 ∫8N w`Q6bsc5b˙ui6.
eMl kNl kaJµ6S6 phys2 scsyq5 kaJmqM5 phy w2X{n s9lul
whcq5gj9l ∫8Nnw8N6.
cspQx3Ï5
w8Ngc3i xW6htlz sfiz: Xsly x1µo4, ns9l Nvh4, wonW ß5g?4 x7ml
Bw3F Xix6.
ttCsyE/sif5 — hD¥5 w`Q`AxDyq5
141
hDy3i4 wo8ixt5ti6
Ôox nw7mwJ6
W
oExE/C
wo8ixt5ti6
hDy3i4
wo8ix3FbcMs6t8NA
bµi
srs6b6gu
wo8ixFcMs6t8Nb. ∫8N WoExEAmMsC4f cspAm9lz ck6 wkw5 xJE6ys0p?Ms3mΩb hDyq8i4 bw{hmigc6.
gryJmQ9lzl
cspAmQ9lzl
ck6
whmQ/c3mΩb
wo8ixF8i
wo8ixi3u9l
bw{hmisMs6g6 x7ml s9luso6g6. W7mEshQMs`QbC bm8N w8Ngc3i xW6hMs3Nz.
bm8N W7mEshQ/C bm4fkz wo8ix6tk5 x7ml wo8ix6ts`Q5©Zlxk5 grysm/stQxz sx5txD ckw5©Ms3mΩ5.
yK9o3u cspZhxMs6gz ck6 xJE6h6bs?Ms3mΩb hD¥5. xW6ftm u4~k5
xWEQx4v8ic5b6bo6fz. WJ8N3iC mo5gA W5txChMs6gz ryxi sXlzw6ym5txMs`Q5gz.
cs2Xsix6g6
WoExE˜6bt8i4
sXlzw/d/sZm
÷E4
wonwpK5
scs0p7m5 vmoMs6gz. yK9o3u NlNFstMs6g6, gry5txMs`QN4f ck6 Wdp7mΩ6
hZh4vlx3mΩ3m whmoCm u{yc6©÷Ms`Q5g6. xWEMs6bC wonspK5 gryN6ytQxd9lA. scst7µz csp9lz, whm{n6ys9MEobw8Nb6fz.
m3D[Ats9lb woŒMs6gA5. woQMs6bC ˙n8 wkxC6. Bw3F Xix6 w9lo1usb6
xW6hMs6bK5 w˚yzb u4~k5. xW6fyEix6bt8i4 W/‰6ym?Œ6XMs6gA5 w8Ngc3k5
xWEZwZ5tA
rs/w8NE?Ms6bq5
x7m
rsJ8N`QZwZu4
rs?Zt4.
cspQx4v8iC-
h2XMs6gA5 rs0Jtq8i s=?¬8•5 gry5txCh5gtA5 sc6bq5. ß5©tQ9lA, scsygcw5
sfx grq5:
- r7jx5g6 Ù`Û6g6 X8i6©u5 wcl8k5
- vq?6g6 sN`Û6g6 wcl8i5 X8i6©j5.
∫4fx m3Î4 scs¥5 xg6bs?Ms6©4 wk8k5 ej{y4f5 xq3Cj5 st6X9oxJk5 s=?¬8•5
is3DJi\S˜Ex6gk5.
xWEZwZ4r5 ∫4fx w8NE/K5 bwµ4 w8Ngcw5 rs˙a7mb rs?Ms6g5. xW6fy5t8i4
cspm/c`Q4ft4
rs?Ms`Q5g5
scc5bd/sZt4
csp`Qbuiq8i4.
sW8NCi
scs0/sym?Ms6g5
xW6ft4v
si4√c5bd/sZt4
gry/w8NsÔ÷c5bMs6g5
gry/w8NE-
Ms6b4v rs0Jtq5 x7ml WsQ9lQ5. w˜8i4f5 ∫{huz{nw8N6 xW6ftc6XMs6gz
N9orb6gQ5 w8Ngcw5, x7ml rs0Jtq5 x0pŒ2XMs`Q5g5, sW8NCicw kN6vtŒ`Qj5.
ß5©tQ9lA, yK9o3u ∫4fx4 µ3Î4 w8Ngç4 xW6hçMs6∫4v4 wonW x7m Bw3F, ck6
xqJ6√E/sJ5
w8Nw5
wo6fyc6XMs3mΩb
y3ˆ6gc6v5
eg3zui4
WctŒ5
WC/stt9lQ5. scMs6©4 WFoDbsdNQ5 WF0JxDbsdNQ5 x7ml ∫8N hDy6 g~t9lA
142
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
i9oxv7msbsd/sZi y3ˆ3lA, sW8NCi ∫8N hDy6 W/stc5bD8N3z5 WQx6√Ms3li
W5tx6bstA8•3li b=? W`Q`Ax5bo6f6. ∫4fx w8Ng6√4 xw2Xq4 ns9l x7m Xsly,
rsMs6©4 x0pŒ`Q7mb xqJ6√E/sJ5 x0pŒ`Q5gi4 wo6fyc6gt4 eg3zzb u4~k5
x0pŒ`Q5gu4
wo6fyc6XMs6g5.
sc9MEMs`Q5©4
ckw5bQxc3mΩb.
xW6hv8iMs6gz x{hD3is2 x7ml tAx3is2 u4~k5.
wo2Ù9oMs6gz xW6hc5b6gz x7ml whm∫4vi6gz x7ml whmQ/4v xy0p6gt4
WoExE/8k5.
gry¿9o6gz.
cspm5bstQMs6gz
ck6
wo˙aZ5b;
bf8ˆ6gb
xqJ6√t8i4 x7m g~c5b6gQ5. w8Ngcw5 s?8i4 bft5tMs6g5 whmQ/u8i4.
xWEMs6b4v ck6 wo8ixF8i4 whmQ/c3mΩb, WsQ/ø5 bm{huz s9lu hD¥5
wontbs?7mb scsy3i4 x0pQ`Qbzi scsy5b gryx`Q8Nu4 c9lˆtg5. xbsy6
w8Ngc6 scMs6g6 s[Ax3iC6gi wonwpi4 migw8Nlx3iCu4 xsMbstlx3iCu4
bw{hmi.
whm6h5txMs6gu•5
wo8ixdp`Q4ft4
Wdp`Q4ft4.
wo8ixF8i5.
sc6gi
wo6fygc3i4
w˚h5gw5
wo8ixt5tA8NMs6©Zlx5
msNgw8N6
k6v6Xo3zb
W4vshQ`Q8Nu4, ß5©tQ9lA wonwpk5 ttCD8N`Q8iC6bsZwZu4 k6vgw8N6gt4 ≈z÷3N6gk5 wuxl7j9l ~2X5g5. whmMs6g6 xvsZ/Exz wo8ixF7u WoEx{ncc5b6vb
k6vDt4 msNgw8N6 ˙3l u6hEs6n6tbsc5b3lt4 hD¥5, xa†5 xy?6tbsc5b3lt4,
xaNh5tstbsc5b3lt4
x7ml
ßmNhQx6
kNu
xs9M6ymli.
whmoMs6gz
wo8ixF5bcExc3z5 wk8k5 s=?¬8•5 rNgw8N3j5 wonFsZ/6gu4 wo6fygcw5 u4~k5
x7ml
x8NsmZh8i3u4
xs9M6ymli
kNu.
sc6gil
c9lˆt5g5
won3i6
wo6fy{n/E`Q7mA wkw5. wMz5bs6 w8Ngc6 scMsE9li s9lu wo8ix3is?5g6
WsQ/z, rysi ho whµl5g6 xa†5 x7ml kv2Wx5 won/s?A8•3zb xaNh8i3u4
kNu, w{y¿Dlgw8N6Xo3zb µ8Nso6g6.
xW6fycCm x{hDc5b3is2 u4~k5 rs/s5txc5bMs`Q5gz, ryxi sx5txÎo3z5
whm÷6gclx6XMs`Q5gÎ6
bw{hmi
rhoEx{nc6XMs3zb
r4foµ5
x{hD6gc6v5
w8Ngcw5 wvJCh2XMs6g5 s=?¬8•5 kN6vtQ/sJ5 wvJCh2XMs6g5. xbsy6 w8Ngc6
x3N6
scMs3uJ6
rhoED¬/6giÅ6
whm÷3Nlx6XMs`Q5g6
x7ml
whmv7mN6X-
Ms`Q5g6; u6h3iÎ6 bm8N Wsi6ÙacbsJ6. x7mlÅ6 xa†5 WoEx{nc6t2XMs6g5
xs9Mc5b6gt4 s=?¬8•5 hNos6gt4. bwµ4 gnDmw8N6XMs6gz.
xWEMs3uJz
gdbs?Ms6g9o
hd/s?Ms3mΩb
Nkw5
bw{hmi
Nk3j5
s9luo
trÇ6bsAt4.
bwmwA8•6g5
xa5
rsMs6g6
Quota coCu4 x7ml
y3ˆ6tbsco3z5. s9lu, wkw5 w6yN6gi4 ßmJ3i4 eµt5tZh2Xo6g5 gdΩ3NQ5.
xa†5 woMs6g5 bf8ˆc5b6gt4 xqJ6√u8i4 wMu8i¬8•5. xa†5 woMs6g5 s0Ô2
eyzi4
x5gˆosExz.
wvJctŒQxcc5bMs6g5
x9˜5
x3Nw5
wvJ6XMs6g5
WoE`QZwZu4. wvJc5bs†8N6XMs6g5. xa†5 scs0/s?Ms6g5 mrnCwc5bd/s9lt4
ttCsyE/sif5 — hDy3i4 wo8ixt5ti6
143
koxcoDt4 xfi koxz w3ih˜`Q7m5. xa†5 u6hi3u4 wo2XMs3uJ5 xqJ6√q8i5
xs9M6ymli x8kÇq8i4 u6hD8N˜Cu ckwo8iDi.
xWEZm ck6 tAx6XMs3mΩb scMs6g5 tAxExcCwZu4 ryxi tAx6XMs6g5:
xqJv9Mf¬o6t9lQ5
s=?¬8•5
WD6ymo6t9lQ5
wox3J`AÇzb.
tAxD8NMs`Q5g5
kbCfl4 ho xµm2X5 xˆNui4 xµmstcMs`Q7m5 bw{hmi. x0pŒ`Q5gi4 tAxDycMs6g5. cJ3u4 iEt5t?Ms6g6 kbCfl8i4. h6fwh5gz xˆNZ sc6gi xˆN5txCÅ6
wFxq3l5gx¬8i3z5 m8is2 w5tzi4 x7ml f9¬2 wFxqq8i4 xµm5tbs?5gui6.
x0pŒ`Q5gi4
wo6fycsMs6g5.
wMq5
sb6r?Ms6g5
iEA8N6yZw7mb
kbCflw5
xµmA8•Cw7mb xˆNui4. µ8Nso6g3o, xµmstbco6t9lA tAxD8No6g5 w˚C∫fl8i4.
iFx6yx5 u6hEs6ntbs?Ms6g5 x8kÇ`Axos6tbs?5gt4 w˚/3k5. xˆNu8i4
wvJ6gt4 xaM?Ms6g5 xgz{nq8i4 vu{nqb. swi5tbs?Ms6g5 ho x8kÇosEs6nc5bt9lQ5. scMs3uJ5 wMz w8Ngc6 swid/s?8i`Q5g5 x8kÇos3i3u4 ho
cspm5tx`Q4ft4. xa†5 koxi2XMs6g5 u6h5txD8N6gu4 s=?¬8•5 x8kC0ps5tx˙u4.
ns9l si4√v8iMs3uJ6 wvJc5b6guisiC6gi w3ih5gi4. gkuxa?5gui6 x7ml
w˜8i4f5 swz wvJ6X5gui6. wkclx`Q5gu Wsi6ns?Ms3uJ6 f{nhoD8N3z5 ∫8N
w3ih5g6 w3ihf∫o3lil. ß5gCMs3uJ6 ck6 w3ih2Xi3mΩb ryxio cspMs`Q5gz
sX{ymMs`Q8Nm.
xa†5
won/s?Ms6g5
wvJ6tbs9lt4
x5gˆos6t9lQ5
s0Ô2
eyzi4.
®o6Xr9lt4 xaM?4r9lt4 x0pŒ`Qgu4 xa†5 WsycMs3uJ5 ej{ydtq8i4. scMs6©4 e7u˜5 w˚Ju•5 srs4f5 n`QJ{~¬?Ms6g5. x0pŒ`Q5gi4 ej{yui4 sc0pAycMs6g5: ß5©tQ9lA Xsly wmwos6X5gui6 “x’w, x’w” bo6W7j5 nadp9li “dx,
dx” nsu7j5 x7ml “Bxs” k6vdp9li x7ml wq3CyAmoCwZu xkq5 ≈6rŒ3zb
x†M9liQ5 wq3Cy?5gt4. w8Nw5 xat5 s=?l kv2Wx5 wont5t?Ms6g5 e7u˜u8i4
WhC/st9lQ5. cspmMs3uJ5 eu6 s=?¬8•5 e7¨5 g~5txi6ns˙5 Ùt9lQ5 wXCsb3j5.
scoµMsCm
scoµZ3u4
π8
SE[{
!(&(:
@!-u,
W`AxDy5
u4~k5.
wkw5
wo8ixt5t?Ms6g5 xWE9lt4 eg3zu8i4\hDy3i4 rN x5bQ7mΩA\x/Q7mΩA s=?¬8•5
w9lflx
rNs7mΩ6.
whmJz
bwµcw
g6gCsy3i4
cspmt5to6XMs6g5.
xWEA8N6yMs`Qb4v w8NE/K5 ∫8N scoµZ6 W/‰Ms`QN4f.
xuhxl8i4
gÇExc3mΩ5b.
ho
wo5bExc6gA5
xg6bs?Ms3zb
c9ME5guisJz,
gr9MEq8i.
mfiz
s9lExi4
ye`A/cMs6t8Nb.
WFc4vi3iDm
cspm0Jtc3i6
xuh4vi3i4
czgw8N6
Nj5
xW6hv8iEx-
WNhx5txCh4v/6gz
wlxk4v8i6. whm{n6ys3Fc3i6nsAmZ/6gz. bmgmi WNhxDy3u grox5txMs`Q8Nm.
whm{n6ys3Fc5txi6nsQxc˜6gz
b=?√9˜¬`Q5g6,
ra9o3u4
WQxMs`Qi5t8i.
144
gryN6t5tQx6vt4
WsQ7mE4v/6bC
wo2Ù9oMs6gz
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
wonwpK5
∫4fx
xW6fyE?Ms6b4v
w8Ngc3k5
x0pQ`QFsto3zQ5
s9luso6g6.
whmJz
bm8N
W7mEsQxz s?8k5 x7ml xy8k5.
dFxhMs6gz xW6h6gb w8Ngc3i4 x7ml wo2Xox9lz ck6 hDy5 won/s?o3mΩb s9lu. bm0/ WoExEym/C xW6h3iFi5t8i4 w8Ngc3i4, gryN5txg{nsZlx6f6
bm8N ttC6bC.
cspQxDt5
xW6h3i6
w8Ngc3i4:
Xsly
x1µo4,
ns9l
Nvh4,
wonW
≈5g?4
x7ml
Bw3F Xix6.
π8
SE{
1979 Aspects of Inuit Value Socialization – Ottawa, National Museum
of Canada.
ttCsyE/sif5 — hDy3i4 wo8ixt5ti6
145
N0pis2 u4~k5
mwN wh9lb6
N
0pis2
u4~k5.
sN
iDxMs6bC
W0Jtc6gz
wo4v8iDmMsCm
ck6
moZcMs3mΩb sx5txD. whmZm W9MEx¬izi4 N0pis2 u4~, sW8NCi s9lu
SwAo6g5 moZq8i4 N0pis2 x3Nw5 moQxoqi4, x7ml whmZm5bs6 W9MEx¬izi4
w˚ctm
xyq9k5
sW8NCi
yKo5t8iΩ6ym7m5
x7ml
sx5txD
xg6bs?Ms6gi
w8Ngc3i5. xW6hctQMs6bC ∑N xo?6b6, xW6hMs6bK4 m3Î4 w8Ngç4 u5tmbo7us6
x7ml w[lo7us6, wonW ß5g?4 x7ml Bw3F Xix6, x7ml w8Ngç4 m3Dv8•4
X8i6gu`Û6ymÔ4 ns9l Nvh4 x7ml Xsly x1µo4. xW6hMs6b4v N0pis2 x7ml
moZs2 u4~k5.
wonW x7ml ns9l scMs6©4 cspmQxcc5bMs6g5 moZq8i4 N0pis2, ∫8N
x3Nlv6 N0po6v5. W0Jtclx6gt4 ∫{huz x3Nu4, WxC{nzi9l, x7ml ∫4fiz
kN6vtQ/q8i4.
sx5txDo,
x3Nw5
xg6XMs6g5
svoC/3u4
wlxdtQ9lQ5.
yK9o3u
x9ois2
x∫˚6bs/Excc5bMs6g6 w8i6bs9li eg7mlx3ixq7m5 x7ml xs4 vtlx3ixq7m5.
x3Nlvw5 scs0/s?Ms6g5 xats2 x8kÇuizi4 wlxdtcc5bd/sZt4. x3Nlvw5
cspnExcc5bMs6g5
ˆ3ui4
N0po3mΩb.
N0poCw7m5
x3N6
scs0/s?Ms6g6
wexhc5bd/sZi. scs0/sAt9l µ8N5bstQ h/Exc6gA Wis0pq9lt4. w3ihogx6v5
w3i5tx˜3z5 w3ihf∫˜q7m9l. N0pogxCw7mb, N0pJ5 iEc5bd/sMsq5g5 urZ3u4.
swzl bwµ{nw8N6 WQxcMs3uJ6 koxi xw2XElis4, ryxi iEJ8NMs6©Zlx6
koxi xw2XEq2Xs4 ˙3l xs9M6ymli. swqbl sqDtq4 brlxd/s?Msq7uÔ4
N0pxzb
u5txz
ixdxk5
c3o{ymd/s?Ms3uJ6
btlxq9lt4
i7mstymdNA.
∫8Nl
w3i5tx˜3z5.
N0pJ6
s2Xtq9l
s6ƒJ8i4
es?d/sZt4.
ej{yoCw7mb N0pÔ2 wiz tr5gJ¨d/s?Ms6g6 ƒ5t8Nq4 xF2Xox7mt4 N0pxz
xq9o?9ox7m5 wlxi.
∫8N
N0pJ6
scs0/s?Ms3uJ6
w5gxCc5bd/sZi
s=?¬8•5
stc5bd/sZi
SwAw8i6v5 xili. ∫8N w3iZho6v5 w3ixEZh5bz stc5b6b6Wx3z5 w5gwCl/3li.
xiMsqi3ui N0pi3ui, w8Nzf∫d/s?Msq5g6 w6f7mgxDi mr5bstQd/s?Ms6g6
yMj9l
xi÷3li.
s?Ms6g6
hA8N3ixCu
sw3z˜q7m5
xi6√Ms3li
w3ihoDi.
xat9o
whm6h3li.
sw3zCwAi,
scs0/s?Ms3uJ5
yivw8Nd/-
wexhc5bd/sZt4
koxz N0pizi. N0pJ6 cJ6gExcc5bMsq7uJ6 s4fy7u5 cfw5gu4 eg3z6∫Dmq4fi. x7ml Xts/d/s?Msq7uJ6 s∂5b6Wx3z5 N0pxz.
cspZ{n5 xabs7mΩ6 x3Nsmz3¬8•5 N0pxat9lA. xa†5 kKc3i6nw5 x3Nlvw5
x7ml
146
roai6nw5.
N0pi3ui
w{y?lxExcq5g6
xe5©lx6gu
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
x3Çz
iW`Z5-
b6Wx3z5. Íz¬8•5 w0JÔ5b6Wx3z5 W[ZN3insZ/3z5 çCh9lA. N0pi3uil yic5bd/sMsq5g6 bmsz{nw8N6 ~`Zli iW`Z5b6Wx3z5. N0pJ6 fulxc5bd/sMsq5g6
ˆ3ui4.
wMq5
∂5b6Wx3z5.
eoD6∫˙a7mb
xw2X‰4
ˆ3uA5.
x7ml
∂tEQxcq5g6
scomst3¬tlxc5bd/sMsq7uÔ4
c3o7ui4,
N0pizi
w3iFz
WxC{nz4
wk5tx?s˜3z5. N0pJ6 grc5bd/sMsq5g6 ey7u4. N0pJ6 w3ihoDi xsqDtisnAi
wu6tbs?Ms6g5 tnwzJu4 wu3u4. ∫8N N0pJ6 xsˆvw8Nc5bDi xfsi6nÎ6 N0p˙6.
∫4fx s2WE/sAt4 mo5bs5tx3lt9l ∫8NA6 hDy6 w˚yc5txC/6g6. sx5txDxl4,
∫8N
w3ih5g6
≈8iN3i6nw5
wk©/Exc6XMs6g6
w3ihxE9lQ5.
w5gx6bs?4vlx6gi
w3ihoCw7mb
rhoµq5
x7mJ4f5.
x3Nlvw5
hvzJ6bcExc6XMsq5g6
eM{ymJoµ5 xg6bq5 eMD0÷Exc6XMs6g5 w8ih{¥ix6g9l sqDtq4 s?9¬8•5
iu6ym2X5 i¨Exc6gt4.
w3ih{¥is?JJ6 xg6bs?A8•6g6 µ8N, w3ih{¥Ω6Xo3zb c9lˆ5 W0JyqtA5
≈8ixF7u w3i9lt4. sx5txDo w3ih5g6 vmQ/s5tx6XJ7m5 x7ml isq4 Noj5txClx3mΩt4 grox5tx3lt4 gkx ≈8ixo5b6Wx3z5. wkw5 whµl8i6ns?JJ5 w3iÇ∫6gu4
WxC6 whmQqi6nE9lA. µ8Nso6g3o, ¬5∫5 whµl8i6ns÷6X7mb ∫{huz wkÇ∫6gu4
w3iÇb6g6 d/ˆΩ6b3JxE÷6gA, x9˜5 v2Wxh4vlx6v5.
w3iZw7mb, u5txz eM5bs?Ms6g6 W3CwymJj5 w?lj5 g5©2 sostq8i4 x7ml
rW9lA
x9oÎ/3k5.
gkuxE9lA,
Wzh5
xw2Xz
s?9¬8•5
grD7uxE9lA,
tnm5
wMz
w3ih{¥?Ms6g5.
x/{ypQ9lA
b8N
ˆzi4.
wk4
b8N
xbsy6
w3iC∫6g6
xsˆlx6v5, wu6tbsÇ3J2XMs6g6 urJDl7u4 tnwzJu4. ∫8N u5txz muŒMs6t8NA
xg6XMs6g5 u5txzk5 ySti4 ∫{njz N7mt6gA b3Eymt5tx3li.
xmm5t5tizi4
wFxq3u5
g8k6gd/s?Msq5g6
∫8N
WxCz
xND8Nwo5-
b6Wx3z5. sx5txDÅ6 gdJcMs6ymJ6 ∫8N xmm5t5tJ6 xˆNz g8k6gMs6ym8i3z5.
∫4fx
moZs?Ms6g5
N0pis2
u4~k5,
SwA6bs?9oxgw8No6g5.
x7ml
rs5tx6XMs6gt4
wonW
x7ml
xW6fyE/8i4,
ns9l
woym5tx6©4
x7ml5bs6,
ns9l
w3ih{¥pQ/s?Ms6g6
d/8N¨Dm/4v ∫4fx wkgcsJ5 wo2Xo6tbsMsCm x{hxl4 ∫4fM`Z wkgcsJi5
x7ml g`ZN5tx6XMs3zb s?5ti9l ekwn5tx6gt4.
cspFQMs6b4v
wkgcw5 xW6h6gQ5: Xsly x1µo4, ns9l Nvh4, wonW ßg?4 x7ml Bw3F Xix6.
ttCsyE/sif5 — N0pis2 u4~k5
147
u6hEs6ni6
ˆ8y rn
∫
8N
iDxMs6bC
“u6hEs6ni6”
csp4v8iDm9lz
sx5txD
ck6
x3Nw5
u6hEs6ntbs?8i3mΩb N5tC/7u4 x7ml g5gC/7u4. µ8Nso6g6 x3NsJA5
eyC/7u4 x7ml g5gC/7u4 u6hEx{n6 cspmlxD8•C5b wMw8Nflq5 x3Nw5
u6hEx{n6 cspmÔZlx5 ryxi xu˙A8•6gw5. µ8Nso6g wo8ix3i6nsΩoC5b s=?¬8•5
w6vNw/3i6nsΩoC5b u6hi3u5 wo8ixlx3Nb ryxi s?5txD yKiK5 s9ll5∫Çl4
u6hc5bMs6gw5.
wo8ixDmw8N˙aZlx6gz
u6hEs6ni3u5
eyC/u4
s=?¬8•5
g5gC/u4 ryxi w6vNw/w8NDJ4vm x7ml wo8ixq8NDJ5gz. ryxi wo8ix6tbsJ8NDm u6hEs6ni3u4 wo4v8iDm9ME5gz.
wkgc3i4
xW6hD8NMsCm
s?z
iDxEMs6bzi4
“u6hEsnio3u4”
∫8N
xW6ftQMs6bC yK9o6Ùu ‘sx5txD cz4f5 x3Nw5 u6hEsn6tbsc5bi3mΩb’ wonWs2
rsJÛz x3Nw[Å6 WA8N6gQogxCu4 u6hEs{nc5b6gu•5. u6hEx`Zo6t9lQ5 x3Nw5
wo8ixDtcc5b6gu•5 w˚/i4. ns9l xWEJ7uZ4f rxo ∫8N w˚/fl4 nN8i3mΩA
rsJJ6 x∫bzbÅ6 nN?5buiq5 ∫4fkz x3Nk5. ∫4fx w˚/w5 g5©2 N0Jzi5
nNym?5gu•5.
w˚/osCh5gi4
W[ZN˜ui6
do5bs/`Axz.
∫4fx
x8kÇ`Ax{nq5
w˚/s2 ns9¬2 xˆNzb ß5©c5b6buiq5. wonW scMs3uJ6 w˚/osEsCh5giÅ6
W[ZN6tQJ6 wo8ixi3u4 wonF7u. W/ExgJxlÅ6 ryxi W/ExgJu4 wo8ix6gi
wo8N3z5. bwµ4 ryxi x3Nw5 u6hEs6ni3u5 wo8ixc5b6gu•5 xˆNui5. w˚/os3i3u5
wo0Ôu/Cw7mb xqJi5 ˙3l x8kÇi5 u6hEs6nc5bo3i3uJw5 ˙3l vui4 x7ml x8kÇi4.
Xsly scJ7uJ6 xs9MoCw7m5 u6fti4, w?li4, mfiz u6hix3li xg6bs˙i4
N{nc5b6gui6 xgC/3zQ5 gxF8Ng4f5 ˙3l ro8iDi. xWEJZ4f xgMs6ym8i3mΩQ5. ∑Å6
xg6ym/q5 xg6buiq5 Sxlz rlx6t3z5 u6h6buiz. sW3Ωu g5gox6ymt9lA
WhC/{ym9li
wyzb
vuqb
çzA5.
xlq4
xWE5bE?C
~9oi3zt4
S0JMs6t8NQ4
xq3C6ymt9lA
x[Ax6yc5b6gui6
u6hc5bi3mΩ6
scJJ6
∫{hm
koxzÅ6
b=?soCw7m5 u6hc5biq5g6.
xWEJZ4r4 wonW4f4 ns9l4f4 Nr5 W8i3mΩb u6fti4 w˜4 u6h3li xg6bs˙i4.
∫4fx4 xg6X5gu•4 xˆNzb Wq8i4. wonW swcoClx6gi xˆNzb Wq8i4 u6h3li
xg6bs˙i4
xgc5b6gui6.
∫8N
W[ZN˜aymJ6
v7usi6.
wonW
v7uQsCh5gi
W/ExgFst8i3z[Å6 x7ml xfixl4 W/‰Ch8i6gi. u6ht9lA u6h6bzi4 Wv7m8iCw7m5
xˆNzb
xj9Mc5b6buiz
WQx5tx6t5b6√
W5txCh8izi4.
ez0pizÅ6
W[ZNEi6ÙE?5buiz vus2 wyzi4 m3Dx6t9lA wE9lA u6h6bsc5b6gu•5 ∫8N vu4
w7µeNdNA csyo6bwomd9lA. ∫8N bwµ5txaq5g6 u6h6bs2X5 vu4 csy6bC/6g6
bwmw4fi ∫8N vuo4 w7µec5bC/6g5 wyZq5. scJ7uJ6 xˆNzÅ6 w˚q8N0÷q7m5
148
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
wonWu4 u6hi3u4 wodp?5gui6. ns9l scJ7uJ6 ∫8N u6hExz W/Exg˜ui6 r7uz
u6hExz. u6hv7mi6vA ∫8N r7uz N˜•5txq2X5 u6h5txv8iC/6bz, u6h3lA ryxi
N˜•5txCh9lA Ws?5gui6. wonW xWEJ7uZ4f v7uZh5gi m0/6√c5bi3mΩQ5 e¥5
v7uMs6t8NA. ryxi rsJÛz xˆˆbÅ6 e¥5 m0/6√c5b6buiq5. ryxi wo9ME4fi
w7ui m0/c5bo6gui6. wonW xWEJ7uZ4f cktQ v7uc5bi3mΩ6 rsJÛz xˆNzbÅ6
W/‰6ymd?5buiz xgzz csgx6v5 ∫8N xgzz ho csyst9lA, ∫8N xgzz
csysizi
x7ml
csy4v8iExcC/q7m5.
xgzz
u6ho6gA
xvs?5gui6
r9oz
csy6ymt9lA. ns9l xWEJ7uZ4f cktQ v7uc5bi3mΩ6 rsJÛz s9lw8NÅ6 W/‰c5b6gui6. wonW xWEJ7uZ4f v7uQs6t9lA rNj5 nNc5bi3mΩ5. kv3uk5 s=?¬8•5
w7uk5 nNQsDtoui6. wonW xWEJ7uZ4f cktQ v¨4 xg6bs?8i3mΩt4, ∫4fx v¨5
xfixl4
WQ/s?5gu•5
xWEJ7uZ4f
v7us3•5
x0pŒ2Xiq5gw5,
xgzz
kNo8i
ß5©ys3iz
S0J8iCw7m5
xyxi4
x0pŒq7mΩb.
x0pŒq8i3z5
xMq6bs?5gui6.
rsJÛz
kNo8i[Å6
u6h3izl.
sx5txDÅ6
ns9l
v7us3•5
xgzzb
r9øNflxA5 notbs?5gu•5 ryxi µ8Nso6g6 xgz{nz „/6bs?o6gw5.
∫4fiz ru3DxZi5 xtø5 “eg5gZoEis2 u4~k5 w9lo7usbi” Gµyxn8 !(@*:
!&( x0p`Ax6 !#$ x7ml !#%H x7ml eu3DxZi5bs W6fygc3i5 wkw5 x8kÇq8i5
GISSENMAN and RANKINH !(**: *) x0p`Ax6 @%H x0p`Axi Wbcs3z5 x3Nw5 vuq5
Íc6t9lQ5 Í6yF{ns9lt4 rhgw8N3i4 ˙3l ß5gtQ9lA sl x7ml u6fti4. wo8ixct8i5
xWEJc3z5 bwmw5gi4 v¨8i4 cspMs6ym8i3mΩb ryxi cspMs6ymiCJq5gw5.
scEx4v8iDmJz ∫{huz xW6˙tQMs6bzi4 u6hi3u4 wo4v8iFstMsCm. xW6hExzl
wkgcfl8i4
dFxNFstJJ6
x7ml
ck6
sx5txD
u6hEs6n6tbs?8i3mΩb
csp5txMs6gz. sx5txD wkw5 u6hEs6ni3u4 x7ml u6hi3u4 wø8NExcc5bi3zb
x7ml
u6hEs6nc5bDmZlx6gz
eg5gZ3k5
ryxi
µ8Nso6g6
wo8ix3i6
x7ml
w6vNw/3i6 WAmi6nEoC4r5 ryxi u6hEs6nChc5b3ix6gz.
cspEQxDtQMs6b4v
xW6hc5b6gz wkgc3i4: Xsly x1µo4, ns9l Nvh ∫4fx4 X8i6©us∫4, wonW
ß5g?4 u5tmbo1usb6, Bw3F Xix6 w[lo1usb6.
Issenman B. and Rankin C. 1988. w?l. W6fygc3i wkw5 x8kÇq8i, m8gEx: Maridien
Press.
Mathiassen, T. !(@* eg5gZoEis2 u4~i w9lo7usbi, Report on the Fifth Thule
Expedition !(@! @$, vol. 6, no. 1, Copenhagen: Gyldendal.
ttCsyE/sif5 — u6hEs6ni6
149
csms6
˙n8 wkxC6
w
k8i5
wo8ix6†5
cspQxDm/ui4
wo8ix3F7∆3F4nstcJ7mb
rsJ8N3ix6gt5
iDxd/sMs6ym7mb
xW6fy5t8i5.
w8Ngcw5
WNhxDy3u
yK9o3u
w8NgcsJJ5 wonW ß5g?4, utmbo1usb6, x7ml Bw3F Xix6, w[lo1usb6.
w8NgcE/soJ7uJ5 Xsly x1µo4 x7ml ns9l Nvh4, bm4®4 X8i6©3usbs9lt4.
csms3u4 Gw5g4nFi8i4H cspQxDmMs6ymZm vœhMs6ymZm w8NgcsJ5 cspmN/ChQ9lQ5 bs?•c5b3iƒ7m5. cspmMsE9lzl X1i6©3usbc3ix3u7m5 w8Ngc3i4. cspiƒZm xw8i5 GxˆN8i5H csms6 X1i6©2 u4~•C/c5b6iƒ8i3m5. bwµ4 whmoMs6ymKz
gryQx3FQ/4nsix6gQ9lQ5
w8Ngcw5.
csp4v8i6tbsMs6gz
wonWu5
Xix3u9l.
Xslyu5bs6 csp4v8iMs3uJz. ryxi ns9l gnsm5tx`Q8izi4 csms3u gryFQ4v8ilxJ`QbC kN6vtQMs6ym8iq7mA csp4v8iMs6ym7uJz xiAl8i5 xWb4 wkxC3u5.
sçMst4f gryQxMs6ymJz u5tmbo1¨7m5.
csms6 x∫bc6gui6 s5g5tx3u4 xˆNc6gFi6 w5©∫l7u4. wonWs2 scstJ¿z
s5g5tx6 wclZh4vFisizi4. kNcc5b6gti6 wclo1i, ß5©tQ9lA ƒ4 u5tmbos2
ciQ/zi.
xˆNFizb
u4~i
scsycD8N`Q5gz
scsyE/sMs`Q7m5.
s5g5tx6
xˆNc6gFi6 xbAx3JAy3u4. cspJ8NMs1QbC x∫bFizb xtz cspMs3uNzl
w5©∫l2 xqJ√qb xtq8i4.
csms6 m3Î8i cb`AtoFi6, /?Qx6 kvE/Fiz iFx5tx7u4 N/c6gi. Xix6
wonWl
scJJ6
/?QxÎ6
wly3lZ˜5gFi6.
y=Ï5gFiÅ6.
w˚J8N6X4gFis7uJ6
w˚ctuk5 wvJ6bs9li. xiAl7m /?Qx6 tAxc6gEJ/z cbsµ3ÔE9lis4. Xix6
scJQ9li iFx5tx[Å6 nrzb xˆNz Gwk4tg5 sc6bst9lA nr NlNw6yymq7m5
x3Ns7mΩ5 s=?¬8•5 xabs7mΩ5 NlNw4v8iDm/ClxC bm8NH. Xix6 cœhJQ9li
csms6 yK¿q5 r?9o3usbsJFisQxq5. xWb4 scJ7uJ6 Ns÷i3usbF•[Å6 wMq5.
csms4f5 koxzl yKZ5, cspJ8N6b4v m3Î8i4 eg3zc6gF•4. w3iz kkpu4
xtc6gFi6
scs0/symJz
Xic6gFis9lt9l,
W5ts˜[Å6
gry5txD8N`Q8N4f
koxFiz.
Xix6
xtz
xw5∫aZlx6,
scsycoÇzu
csms2
ryxi
w3izi4
scsycCJJJ6 kkpsiC6gis4 Xsly ∫huz5bw8N6 scsycoÇzu X9¬iC6X4gis4.
Xsly xWEJZ4f Ws`Q5©2 wMq5 vq6gÛW7usbsÔ2 X9¬2 ra¿E7mΩQ5 bwµ4
cœQJ/q5. xiAlZ NlNw6y5txJJ6 Ws`Q5©2 x∫bFiEQxz X9l6 Ws`Q5g6
w˚izi4 w8NgcE/sJJ6 whmQ/s5tx6gi cq6gÛW7usbs9li. X9l6 Ws`Q5©2
xyxi4
eg3zcZ˜4gFi6.
ea¿q5
xbqvn4gt5
cq6gÛW7usbsJ5.
x`Q8Nm csms2 Xizb u4~k5 ryxi Xslys2 xmDxo1u4 xtc6gEJ/z.
150
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
gryym5t-
csms4f5 yKZ4f5 tAx6ym8i3uJ5 xw8i4 GxˆN8i4H k=F/u4, do5bo1u5 Xv1u9l!.
scs0/sJZ5b wkw5 Nrgw8N6 tAx6X8iq7mbÅ6, wMu8i5 ryxi tAx6X5gF•5,
N7ui3ui5 s=?¬8•5 wMgw8N3ui5. csms6 wMc6gFi6 do5bof8i. do5bo4f5 wMŒ5
cspm/s5tx6g5
w[lo1usbsJ5,
xuhi4
ra¿c6gt5.
w6v6gwpFi6
y{y8{ai-
C6bsJ6 w6v6gwiƒ8i3uJ6 wvJ6gFi3i4 xati4 do5bo1u4 w7ui4 wkx6t9lA
do5boÅ6
toyJui4
wvJ6bsJm9li,
bwµ4
w6v6gZ4n`A6gF•5.
gnsm`Q5gz
ckwo3i3mΩb.
Xix6 whmJJ6 csms6 w[los2 ciQ÷•A8•6gFishE9lis4 !($)-ui5, ryxi
cspm9MEJ`Q5g6.
kkpÅ6
w6vNw/6ts8i3m5.
w6vNw/D8•Cu
x∫bi,
xwZl
xs9MDt/Fiq5 u5tmbos2 cq6gÛWs9l ciQ/zk5. csms4f5 w3i‰5 stMs6ymJ8•6gF•5
w[lo1j5
ciQ÷k9¬8•5.
xwZo
xbsyx3Ni
is3Dc5b6ymMs6g6
cb3atuk5 do5bo4f5 eg3zq8k5. xwZ5bs6 is3Dc5bMs3uJ6 xz4n3u8k5 /?Qx3j5
xbsyxClx6gilrx6. cspm`Q5gz yKZ5 w˚JFis7mΩ6 w[lo1u5 xs9M6t9lQ5.
cœh4gz w˚JFisQxz wonW sc6t9lA wMŒ[A6 gki3usbst9lQ5, csmsÅ6
x1o4v4f8k5
mo4gFi6
koxz
w4yC3Jx4fi
mo4t9lA.
csmsÅ6
¿6tbsZu
JxNysJFi6.
NlNwD8N6bC
csms6
u5tmbo7j5
x7ml
cq6gÛW7j5
ciQ/q8k9¬8•5
sX6√6gFi6 w[lo1¨`Û6gi. s6f7us˚o3i3uJ6. gki3j5 xf8i3usk9l X1i6©∆4v8io3iE9li xwZ ≈8ixFox3ix3m5. xwZÅ6 ≈8ix3i3m5 ≈8ixFoxExc3i3m5. xiAl7m
goµz8i hC4ymJc6gE/FiEJ7uÛ. hC4gc3µ[Å6 sFiz N˜•5g6 ka5gFis7m5. Xsly
scJJ6
csms4f5,
kNdtz˚6gF•5.
koxE5
ra9o3u5
w3iz5,
Xiz9l,
X1i6©3∆o3i3uJ6
WctQ9liQ5
xw8i4
yK9o6Ù3u
X1i6©2
Wctgxc6gi.
xiAl8k5
scs0/sJJz csms6 koxzÅ6 wlFc6g6 vq6gxl1u5. cq6gÛWs2 u5tmbos9l
xf8iz•5g6 cq6gxl4.
Xix6 si4√JJ6 csmsÎ6 seMJFix¬izi4 cspm/s?4gFi6. si4√E9lis9l
gnsmiC6gi xmDk[Å6 xa/sNhMs6ymZlx3m5 ryxiÅ6 xa/sJ8N3iq5g6. Xix6
wµ4 scMs6ym7m “xa/sJ8Nq5tx7mE4Li” vm?M5tMs6ymJ6. Xsly si4√4v8iJJ6
bmguz.
csms6
Xslyj5
si4√6gFis7m5
xm6fk5
xa/sNh4gFis8i3ui4.
xa/sNh4t9lAÅ6 xmD3k5 eµQxCuQ5 uy4gFi6 yfj5 by3¨5gj5. yf xsoÇzu4 by3i
r9oqA5 xso6√˙a7mb. bwµ4 bys2 etz yfc6t9lA x?∫ wms˙aJ5. Xsly
xWEZ4f
xmDw5
Sw0/D8N5txq7mΩb
tAxc6gcMs6ym7m5.
bw8NÅ6
∑ahEJ/q5.
wmÇz5
si4√Ms6ymJ6
rs/gJF0JxǬMs6ym7m5
xmDxC3u[Å6
e7u˜[A5
bwmw9lxctQq5 Sw0JC4√¬t9lQ5.
ttCsyE/sif5 — csms6
151
gn4v8iJ7uJz xiAl8i5 scsyEQx3ix6v4v. csmsÎ6 xz4fk5 WsQ/s?8iq7m5
~MQ/sJ8N`Q8ifzk5 n`QÔifxk5. g4goxo6gFiÎ6, g4gbc5tx`Q7m5. e`AtuA5
bfZu g4gi4 sÙ/o6bFiq5. sX4vuQ[Å6, xmD`A6gF•5 s9˜co6gt5 csms3u.
s9Mgcs/CuÅ6, s6ƒylxÇzu Ws0/6X4gFi6 by3i5 x6f~6bui5. xmDw5 Sw0/oÇz5
yˆi
bys2
sb6rc5b3mb
s9M4yQxo6gFi6
kNo1k5.
bsK`Z`Q4fi
cspm8iCu
xm6fk5 sQx6bsix3i3ui. csms6 s9M4yQxo6gFi6 bEs2 y0/zk5, yfj5 uy5gFis9li so`Z7m[Å6 wµ¬9li y0/6. scsbsymJÎ6 csms6 uylx3ifj5 v[A6yJuisiC6bs9li wis6vwJu4 x8kÇi4. gnsmN`Q5g6 xmDw5 ckwo3i3mΩb. bwµ4 xz4fw5
WNh4gF•5 csms3u5.
wonW
si4√J7uJ6
isZlxExz
csmsÎ6
sux3Jx3j5
bdx4niZh4t9lQ5
kc9M4,
nrux3u4
/w8{H@
GÇS5
w[loÛ3JoxD0pNh4gF-
wrJ8Nd9lA
c9lˆ˚3ix3m5.
esÛ3ÔiC6bs8i3uJ6,
gd5tJFi6
w4Wx3J1¨t9lQ5
nrux3u4
to/s8i3m5
xyuk5 scstQ/symJ6 nruxÎ6 e7ui4 gdCwc5b6gFis7m5, bwµ4 gdbsMe8i6f6.
xiAlZ bm{hm u4~k5 scsycJJ6 wµ4: csmsaq5gÎ6 w[loÛ3J7j5 xs9Ms0pNh4gFi6. bw8N xat xtc6gFi6 slo/3ˆu4, nrux6 w6vNw/6tQ/Fiz. gkiDys2
ciQ÷•t9lQ5 slo/3ˆ5, ≈t∫6 x7ml kc9M6 scctŒ4˙/Ms6gt4 gd5to6gF•5
nrux3u4.
wonW scsycJQ9li csmsÎ6 u5tmbo1u kNc6√`ZsbFi6 !(@@-at9lA,
u5tmbo4
Xøyco6gFi6.
!(@@aMs6t8NAÅ6
csms6
sc6gFi6
u5tmbo4
kN4nsd9lis4. xiAlZ scMs6ymJ6 csmsÅ6 is=FsEx6gFi6 sux3Jx3j5 c9lˆ5
nStymAm9liQ5 wk1i5, c9lˆ[Å6 v2Wxho3i3mb wk1i4 nrux6 gdbsMs6t9lA. c9lˆ5
kN∫DmJFisZlx5 Mount Herodieru s=?¬8•5 Janes Creeku. csms6 scs0pJFi6
u5tmbo4 Wsi6nshE9lis4 s6fx•8i6nsizk5 x7mlcw whmJFis9li wkQx4yAi
WFgi6nsZ/Exz.
isF6t4f5
gd5t5tx7mEAmo6gFisZlx5
xqJçE/sJ5
Íixw,
ttC6ym/sJ4ns`Q5g6
wk1i5
wk1k5
bm8N
b2Ùi
isF3Fco6gF•5.
nrux6
wkx6bsMs6t9lA.
xtc6tbFi6
ryxi
wk1k5
w4fxÅ6
vWbwv9m7u4
bwµ4
c9lˆ5
sux3Jx3j[Å6
bwmw`Qt5tif.
scsyE/sc5b6g6.
nrux6
gdbsC∫Ms6t9lA u5tmbo4 isF6t4f8k wiQ/so6gFi6. Xøy4f9lÅ6 isF6t4f5
w[lz8i4gF•5 w[lz5 W/‰6bsNh1izi, W/‰6bsJFis9li !(@@-at9lA.
gnsm5b3uZm /wfÍy „bu5 csmsÅ6 ~McMs6ymJ6 Xøy4f8i4 Ùt9lQ5. gryQxCm
hoJFisizi4
Xsly
scsycMs6ymJ6.
csmsÅ6
Ù/sJmc5b3i3z5
Xøy4f8i5
X1i6©¨t9lQ5 Xsly vœhJJ6 Ù/sJmc5b6gFisgw8NExc6gE9lis4 n`Qizk5.
xbsys`Q5©hEJ/q5 ÙJmJ5.
152
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
csmsÅ6
~Ms`Q8Nu
W∫6gFi6
rhgw8N3i4
wMc6gt4
Xøys2
x8kÇq8i4.
Xslys[Å6 bfMs6ym/z Xøyysti4 x8kÇ6ymt9lA. w6vsmlx`Ax6ƒp/z Nnz5.
xiAlZ xWEZ4f ÙJuisizi4 wµ4 scMs6ymJ6. Wz˙8i3zbÅ6 Xø¥5 X1i6©3u
csms4f5 xw4f4v X1i6©3¨t9lQ4 w˚ctuk5, W`AxD¬/6t9lQ5, w5g4nsoClx6t9lA
Nw5gf¬ZlxCul.
m3Î[A6
wN5†8Ncb6gF•5
csms3u5
ÙctcDm9lt5.
csms6
xqMs6ym8iCi. xiAl1m whmQ/q5 bw4fxcw wk1i5 xJq8i6nsiq8i n6rt5tJmJFisQxq4, bwµ4 wN5†8Nvbc5b3i6f5, wkw5 ~McD8N`Q8izi9l c9lˆ3i4. csms6
mzbs9li
bw4fx4
Xøy
m3Î4
xqJ6√ai6ns7m[Å6
xJw8Ncb3iq8i4
ÙctcDmobw8N6gFi6.
GfÇtsiC6bsJ5H
csms6
yK9o6
csmsÅ6
WNh4√l4
bf8ˆc5bCuÅ6
Xy/s0÷`Q7m5.
nw•y4f5\÷X•y4f
s3Dt5t5bstQJFi6
whmo6gFi6
nw•yt5g5\÷X•yt5g5
sc6gFiso6g6
gd4vlxDiQ5
Ùctc6gFi6
xJq5gx¬9li,
s3DtbsZu
csms3j5
csms3u4
xaNhc5b6bug5
s3Dt5tMsD8•6gFi6
csms6
WNhxDtq8i4
iEsNwE9lis4.
WJm9liQ5.
csms3u4.
bw8N
bw8N
xw2Xz
n`QJx¬8i3uJ6, n`Qn6tFix¬9li, bw8N yK9o6 W/‰gx3z5 ÙyQxo3i3uJ6. bwmÅ6
N9o4rbgw8N6gF•5
csms6
bcw6yD8N6yMs3Ni.
Xøy5
~McD8N3iq5g5,
bw8NÅ6
n`Qn6tsJ6 xivw8NExco6g7mE4 s6ƒylxCu i[M6yEx6g3li. xiAlZ scMs6ymJ6
ß7myEvn4g7mEs8i3m[Å6 bw8N bclx3ifj5. csms6 ~MQ/s`Q8Nu scs0/so6gFi6
Xøy4f5 y3lxz•5gi4 WJm/oµq8i4 Wd/s9li. sW3z4~a7m5 wkw5 X1i6©3¨5g5
kaDtymDJ4gFisZlx5
trbsMs6ym`Q8ifj4
˙3l
ho.
hvwDtym9lt4
csms6
~McCu
b=¿vwDtymDJ4t9lQ5
Ùirnstt9lQ5
sux3Jxk5
w˚ctu˚6yJ8N6yJui6
bwmw5gD¬/3i4.
Xsly
scMs6ymZlx3m5
stMs6ymA8•3iC6gis4.
gdJuisiC6bs9li
csmsÎ6
X1i6©u5
scs0/soJQKzo
w3abzb
koxz8k
gd8i3m5
vq6gÛW7j5
vq6gÛWox6gFisZu
scs0/sJJz
ciQ÷i
!(%$u[Å6
gdJFi6.
vq6gÛW1u wlF6bsJFi6.
gnMs6ym`Qb8i4
gnsmZm.
gnD¬/MsCm
whmQMs6ymZ4f
gnExChAmMs6ymZm
s•4√D8NDm9lz
eg3z8k5,
xJ`Q5gFiD¬/Exz
w3abc˜Dml
w3ab8k5
si4√c5bD8NC/Cm csms2 u4~k5. si4√6gx9o ∫wm4 csms6tg5 ckwosc5b3iFiq5
hoJFisQxq5
whm˙aZm,
si4√D8N3izi4
csms2
hoJ3N3i6n`A6t5tJK6,
u4~k5
Xix4f5
gnMsJ`Q8Nm
si4√6gxa˜EKcwV
u4~k5
xqJv9˜l1u5
Wlx6gu4
Xslyu5.
si4√Dmlx6©/Jq7mt4.
scc5bJ7m5
x4hD3NJJ6
xiAlZ
wonWu5
giyJ¿z.
Xslys2
hoJEiC6giQ5.
vmNXl4gi
ryxi
iEslxJ`Q4vlxCm
si4√EJ/z
ryxi
xz4fw5
si4√6tQxq5
Xsly4f5
sc9MctQoC4f
xz4fw5
u4~k5
scsycJK6. ßuz WoExcExz xoxNwQJ/C gnD¬/6X4ym/4v xw8i5 gry5txJZ4r5.
ttCsyE/sif5 — csms6
153
si4√Ex4v8iD†5
1
do5bos9l Xvs9l xtq4 ttCcysymÔ4 µtxn8 !(@*, m4WZ6 !&. ttC6bsymJF•5
w[los2 ciQ÷i kNc3iC6bs9lt4 srszi !(@!-!(@@. (Point Elizabeth and Cape Wilson)
2
nrux6 si4√E/sJ6yxE?K5 ˙n8 vs?8 x7m Îb wk4˙2 ttC3ifq8i w[l•2XA8•6g5
m4WZ6 #!. ßJf¬2 x∫bFii ≈t∫6 g∂5tcbsiC6ym9lis4. NlNwDttA5 !(@)
usMs3iC6bsJ6
cspQxD†5
w8Ngcw xW6hbst9lQ5: Xsly x1µ~o4, ns9l Nvh4, wonW ß5g? x7ml Bw3F
Xix6.
xW6hb6: xWb4 wkxC6.
˙n8 vs?8 x7ml Îb wk4h4,
1976. We don’t live in snow Houses Anymore, Canadian
Arctic Producers Ltd.
Mathiassen, T. 1928. Material Culture of the Iglulik Eskimos. Copenhagen:
Gyldendanske Boghandel.
154
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
si4√5
yKoxD∫
b
m8N wloc6S6 si4√D¬/3i4 gnsm/ui4 si4√c5b3if5 cspm/s0JtQ/sJi4.
izsDl8i5 gn6ym/4v wMym1mb mE-¬y sF¬2 gn6ym/zi4 x∫bui5 Jx0p
xQx6 v2WxN3u5 kNs2 m8iq5b u4~k5, µr v4rs2 gn6ym/z iqs3ui5 uxo
g5g v4r1u5 bøMÔ5 u4~k5, bWx ®Nw8Ns2 gn6ym/zi4 w8Ngc3u5 lµJ. ∫4fx
Wzh5
vt6h6bsMs6g5
÷E4
ß{b8
øb8
yM5g6n3F[Jxzi`Û6g6
B≈M8u
WoEQctQQxo~6t9ltA5.
yK9o3u
NlNwDm/C
xˆNc3iCD8N3Nzl
xbbc3iCD8N`Q8Nm
w3abcw8NCm.
bwm`Z5
∫4fx4
h6fwho3i8i5
xzJ6√EMs6∫4v4
izsDlcCm
izsDlQiC3lAl
w3abEiC3lA¬ixC4r4. ∫4fx ∫4fNi ttC6ymJ5 gn6X4ym/m izsDl8i5 wMw8NflQ/q5 ^i4 srsco6Lz m8goxj5 xs9MMs6t8Nz. izsDlZ yi4bsm{˙/oÇz5
w3abC5bs6 si4√6gx6tQ?Ms6bClxK5 ryxio si4√6gx3Fs6ƒp8NlxMs`Q7m5.
izsDlZ
xtcMs6g6
uyx
fÙ6
NlNw4fbc6Li
WsÛ5g1u[l
E5-456u[l.
!(@%u w˚o3ifFi6 !((^ul w˚J8•Ms6Li. w5g4f7ui ≈[Z{t8 w5g4~3Jx4f1i µiv
xbA5∫l4f1i kbCsMs6ym8i3m5. bm4fx si4√6gx5 kb6vuk5 si4v6gxc5bMs6bq5
w5g3ui5 kbCs9li gnc5b3ifQMs6Xw5.
bm4fx izsDl8i5 gnc5b3ifQZlx6LQ5 bwm8N5tx7mE4 si4√Eym`QM4v. izsDlZ
si4√6gx6t9lA iWos6bsiƒ1m5 F3ˆ nM†8 ∫1¬j5. bw4fxl xzJQMs6b5t8k5 wø{
d`Ûb9lE4g3j5 swzk9l ÔyW xbA5∫l1j5 ttC6bsiƒ9lt4. iWos6bsiEMs6bz
h3C4ym`Q9li
W/4nsJ4nsZlx6S5
wkw5
wo6fygcq8i4
cspn6X4gi4
M¿9
yM5g6n3F[Jxz8i5.
sfx
ttCEx3zMs6ym/4v
wo8ix6b8i4
xg6yNh4Lz
tt6vdt∫Chhz6Lz
yM5g6n3F[Jx3u`Û6gu4 wo8ix3ioEi3j5: bm8N W0JtQ9lA ∫4fiz iDx6OMs3iC
x4gwymic3m5
si4√DyE/8i4.
x4gwic3uJ6bs6
si4√DyE/8i5
sNsK6:
wk4tg5
wonwpsZm wonwptg5 ttC/8iC n6r/7m5. si4√DyE/8i5 x4gwic6g5 WzJQ¿ sN:
wk4tg5
wonwps9lz
wkw5
scsyz5
cspm/9˜lZlxC
ryxi
sc7ub4v-
s`Q5g9˜¬Zm bwm sc9M`Ax6g5 xyoµq5 ttCDy5g5 ttC6ymK5.
∫4fx
‘xizŒ’1i4
si4√6ymJ5
ttC6X9oxo6LQ5
s0pEobw8NMsCm
bm4fx
gnw8Nc5b6bK5 w˜4ƒ6∫3J4Lt4 ∫4f1iz5bw8N6 xizŒ1i4 N/zŒ1i4 si4vsycEx4nq8i4.
bwmw8izk5
∫4fx
∫4f1iz
si4√6gxaJ5
vtoMs6X4v.
izsDl1m
scstMs3µz ∫4fNi xizŒ1i si4√6gxi ixd`A2 y[/ziÅ6 eMlZCh1iƒizi4.
si4√5 — WQx3ix
155
∫8NlÅ6 si4√6gx6 w[lo1usk5 trstbw8N6t9lA bw8N w`Q6bsc5b6g6 ‘lµÔ6’
Nlo6bsMs3i3m5.
∫8No
mo4LA
‘w[l’u4
si4vsyo4
si4√`Ax6tg5
si4√6gx3FsoExMs6ymiC.
?Ms6ymZ5b.
hNs=?l
∫8N
si4√oxE/C
gÇ6tbC
kv8k5
bw{hmio
srs4f5
Îno
ttC6ym6ƒp1m5.
ˆ7mˆ6ymoÇz5
ra9o6ÙE9lA
x3N3Jx3j5.
bwm8N
si4√6XC
si4√6gx3Fs-
ej4ycbsix3iE8i6LA.
“N[oQ?Q5.
∫8N
vb4v8ic5b6bwoQ5”.
gÇ6t7u/C xbA5∫l1j5. e7uax4v W∫EMs6ym1mQ5. xzJQMs6b5bl do5bFiflxi4
W∫Ms6ym1u1m5 gwl4∫q8k5. N1ui3ui[o gwcoEK6.
‘w3ab3JxWZ
Ns4’
si4√6gx6bsnCw2X1m5
rNgw8N6
si4√6gxD8N6g6
“si4√6gxMsE5”M/s/Çz5. ∫8N W0JtQ9lA nrZ GxiK5 xzJ4O6Ù6H si4√6gx6t8Nh4XA8•Ms6ym/C
kbCshz6Lb
dwN4~6bsJc6X1m5.
∫{hmi
dwN4g9M3ml
si4√6gx3u
“≈gggggg”MJcÇz5
dwN4~6bsZJ4g9˜¬MsCm.
bw8N
si4√6gx6
Nw8izk5 si4√6bsnCw8izk9l scsy6bq5 bwm`Ûl4 h3C4ymlx6ƒ`Q5g5.
∫8N
‘swiAmhw5g6’
wk1koµ6
si4√6gxdtQ/s6ƒ3m5.
x0pŒ`Q5gi4
bwic6tbs?4vlx6Li si4√zA5 NlN6X`QM6. wMq8i5 ‘yx5N’Q/sJ6 s=?¬8•5
‘bv8ˆl’Q/sJ6
c9lˆtg9¬8•5
xtc6tbsQ9li.
∫8N
si4√6gx6
wlw5©9lA
gn6X4ymj5 wlw5©tPLA ttC6XC. wk1koµ6 si4√6gxdtQ/sZlx6t9lA w[lo1usk5
bw8N
e7uil
xs9M6tbs=FQMs6bz4
er6b6
er6∫3Ô2
S6gizsiC6bs1m5.
bw8NÅ6 S6gi6 er6bgw8Nf¬Ms6ym1m5. wmw6X9oxZu er6∫3J4 er5bso6Li.
wmw6X9oxq8NCu er6∫3J4 wMostgw8NE9li w[los2 er6bzk5. scsyEQZlx6LA
∫8N
si4√6gx6
xw=?Zh4tgcsiq8k5
w[lo1usiC6LA
x[Zq8i5
x7ml
w[lo1us5
xwF`A6gc6t`QbC.
cspm÷E/sZlx6t9lQ5
xwF6bcoxi4ymoMs3i3m5
bm8Nl NlNw6ym9li wk3zs†1i4 si4√6ymJu4 ‘≈fl[Ôy4f4 ß7µ3•5g4f’1i4.
∫4ftÅN6 izsDl8k5 d/oic3iC NlNwCh4XC. d/oc5b6ymiCo ckx3Jfl[¬8•5
n6rtc5b3ifQymJm?C w˚hz6t9lA.
≈o4¥N f2l
156
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
swiAmhw5g6
≈o4¥N f2l
x
3N6bcMs6ymK6
N3DQ?4LiQ5.
swi9lxoClx3m5
tr5gcEK6
koxi4g6bs?4gu4.
hl=?sbo1u4
c/6g6gu4
koxi4g6goµÇlw5
g4gi4
x8kÇ6ym9li.
hNs=? X1i6. x7mw˜4 ∫8N N3DQ/sQ9li. bwm8N koxi4g6bs?{˙/6Li
swiAmhw5glxǬ1m5 swiAmhw5©iC6bso6Li. x∫bzb i`ZstZus4 swiAmhw5©izi4 e7u3ui4 sw∫do6Lis4 er6boxDt9liQ[l.
e7u‰4
er6b¨{˙/o6Lt4,
i´h6t2X4Ù.
cz`A6t9lA
i´hCJ4ylx3m5
e7u3MCnfl1i5
x∫bz
icwDt/Çzu4
x3N6
c/6g6Li
sNmJ4gi5
e7ui
yzwo6Li.
bf/6gPI6S6
is=Fs6bs9li.
N1us5t6Lis4
e7u3Mfl1i4
ckw7m5
e7u3M1i4
w3is6Li.
x∫buk5
e7uz
i´D0/lxoEx4nq8i4.
w3abc3i3ui4
cspZu
i`Z4g7mEx¬Q9li. e7u6 N1msy6ym9li i´h3u1m5 N1ms∫ s/6vi4 wl9o6h6Lis4.
e7u6 er6bj5 st6X9oxoClx6Li x6g6nlxj5 et6XClx6Li n`Œo?9oxoCu
xhw˜4 rFK6.
Xixl eg3zq9l Wmp4ncD8•3mb w5©2 x[/6y=FQ?o6LiQ5 N1ui6 ieu4.
x[Qo3u1m5 Xixb eg3zCni scst9liQ5, “x∫b5txy kNo2X5 sNmJ`Ax6y6g3lys4
c/z r1µEMs3ix6Xys4 xXwMsv9MPI3my.” xhw˜4 w5gz5 tr7u1m5 w3abCnqb
is=FsExÇzu0J4 sNmJ4X4vu0J4 sNmJoE¿5. sNmJ4y8N6Lt4 c/zi4 xlXJ4ym9lt4
r1moCu4
xg6g4nsJ8•6t2Ù5.
w5gz5
c/cD8•Cu
er6buyscbs/Exco6Li
xaNhQxDt4ncD8•6Lil.
e7u3Mflw5
xq[o?9ox9lt4
√c5b6gf¬1mb
xˆNz5b
xs9M6t8Nhy?w5.
Wzhwa9lt4 Wz˙5b6Lt4 xs9M3FQix6bq8k5 scst?w5 ckwosc5b3ixC/Ex4nw9l
scs0J6LiQ5. xs9M6t3zsbs/i bskz iQs2 u4~k5 xs9Md?w5 Wy4yo/gw8N6Lt4.
∫4fx
w6ro`A6Lt4.
xs9M6t7u/i
xgzFi3u4
suxo6t2Xw5
scst9liQ5
“sux3Jx4ƒ3ly stDµEKy”. ∫4fx c9lˆ`A6Lt4. ∫4fx ra9o6Ù5 xs9M`Q4vlx3lt4
wk1k5 bf4ns?`Qgw8Nd?w5. ∫4fx wpC`A6Lt4.
x∫bŒ4 Wctgx‰oE9lt4. x7mw˜4 x3N6 koxi4g6bs?4v8ioE9li. ho N3D?4Li
kox6∫DmÔZlxi4.
tr5gcPI6S6
xqJ5tx¿¬6ƒp9li
x3Ns9l
xat5tx¿¬6ƒp-
QQ9lis4. ey1i4 x8kÇ6ym9li w[Ûq8N6Lil c/3ui9l isMsCi. xat5tx?s6ƒpizk[Å6 swiAmhw5©2 N3DQ`QDlbw8N6Ù. xhw˜4 kox6∫E/sJmt9lA xqDlbw8N3m5
xs9MD0/sK6.
xs9M6ym6no6t9lQ4
er6bo8Nu4
sw∫E÷
dw/6gDmo6S6.
isX˜Û0J1m5
is3˜lq4 Nw5g9˜¬4; x7m w[ZwX˜Û0J1m5 wpq4 xur8ifj5 xs2Xg5¡ hNs=?sN
si4√5 — swiAmhw5g6
157
sw∫Dlx cd9lDl4. x3N6 vmw3Eym9li sw∫Dli scst¿ “sys7ml xqJ5tx¿¬Jt5.”
cd9lDlÅ6 w`Q6y9li, “wf3C5tx4v xBxBxBxBxBx, w/s÷3Jx4v xBxBxBxBxBx”
hNs=?sN XW1ui4 wf3C6ym8iCu xqJ5tx?s6ƒpJFi6.
swiAmhw5©if cd9l1u4 swc{˙/o6Li. rW`A9M4X4Òil, s[Ax6gx¬Zlxo6Lil
N3Dglx6XMs3i3ui4
kox6∫Dm?Ms6©Zlxi4.
cz`Av9M4t9lA
x∫bz
is3D9li
Xi1ui4 bf/6g6Li. W7mg4bs5tx`Q5g6yxEZus4 xs9MDtNho6Ù.
sz?6XClx6Lt4 cd9lDl4 xq3CCu koxi xs9MD0/sJ6yxEZus4 mo4n6Li.
x`At?9oxJ8•Cu x˚Ço6t∫lQ9lis4 ∫4fx4 x∫bŒ4 mo4ys6gx¬o6Lt4. r`Aixgw8NoCu4 w5©2 Xii yqPLis4 wµk5. Xix ˙cw7m c/zi4 Xri4y9li. wStuk5
xNsogw8NMsClx6Lis4
nF1uk5
x[Zq5
sM7µo6Xw5.
Nv2X9oxJ5
wµkxÇzu4
wm3usb`A6X9ox9lt4. N5t6bco6Lil s[J4bco6Lil, eMlZ6bco6Lil.
x3N6 rFZu wms2 w6vzi3usbso6Li. x∫∫ xq3C6ymoClx6Li xg6X4ym/ui4
s[AxDtc6X9oxgw8NoCu
NkCstuk5
w7jy6Li
so8i3jxCu
sl0/s5to6Li.
∫4fx
Wzh5 wms2 w6vz•5gw8Nso6Lt4, swiAmhw5gFi3l x∫bzl e7uzl.
bwm`Z5 s4W3i6∫Ms`Q8iq8i5 gdJ5 wk5tx?s8i`Q5bÇzb bv8ˆ¬2 x∫∫lxb
NkCstxlxb
w8N6X4gF•5.
wlxkx•PLt4
ek4v6ym÷lQMs6t9liQ5
ckwos3lc5b3iq5
bv8ˆ¬M/s?4g6
x[Zc`Q8i3uk5
xqJx¬/Çzb
w9MwD8N`Q7m5
ryxi
s9l3uskxD8N6yb-
xfisi6ns?4Lt4.
k/q5
x3N3o
wM6vJx¬o6X4Lt4.
wM6vlxoÇz5 wm3us5b5 k/q8i iZF6vo6X4Lt4.
iZF6vJx¬oÇzu4
SwJ8Nw9o?4Lt4,
SwJ8Nw9o/Çzb
wkw5
x`AbcD8N-
w9o/Çzu4 √4gx¬o6X4Lt4. mso6X4vlx6Lt4 rh5gcD8Nw9o{˙/6ymoÇzb xz4f3u4
N4√JcExco6X4Li.
xz4f6 bv8ˆlox6Li wms2 w6vzk`Zs/Çz5 N4√iC6bs?Ms3m5. bcN6gx¬izk5
xz4fw5
N4√Jm5tx6X1i`Q5g5.
N4√ixÇzu4
wkl4∫5
vtPLt4
w[lj5
xbs5tj5. xz4f6 m5∫6Li eM4h6bs9li xus2 bloxEymÔ2 gkxkx6bs9li d9ø9l
c5t6bs9lt4. xz4f6 w`Q6Li wms2 x∫k5 x6v6X9oxizk5 iWz szy4y?9ox9li. xz4f6 wms2 w6vz•oÇzu bv8ˆl1u4 w9Mw6y?4Li. ryxi w9Mw6bs/Çz5
SwJ8N6y4v8ibw8N6X4Lt4 wm3us5b5.
158
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
xizŒ4
xizz c6ns3j5 bsgo6tb6
≈o4¥N f2l
s
W3Ω4f5
xs9˜3N6y1m5
srshzzi
wkw5
gdMs3m5
xsπ=FQix6buk5
xˆN4nt[l
xs9˜6v6Lt4.
Wmp4ncD8•Cu4
x∫bz4
em4bs8i6Lt4.
b6r6
xaNhcbsc5b9lxoClx6Li bsg`Q7m5 em4bscys0/s9li.
em4bsQxCu4
iex3Jfl1i[l,
e7u3u[l,
Wy4yu[l
c3Jc6LA
emw=Fs9lt4.
WJNE/s`Q4vlx6Lt4 sˆ3u4 emw=FsQ9lt4. xa5 b6r3u4 xtc6Li N/zzo
yeis9li. ∫4fx4 N/zŒ4Lt4 g6LCc5bst9lt4. yeis2 xizi W7mgZh5tx6X4Lis4
x3N4nzb W5txc5b`Q7mA. gWc3N6yZlx6t9lA gW4nc`Qj5 c3m3u•q8N6Lt4.
cfA`A6ymo6t9lA
wZ˜4f5.
b6r6
N8ku5
x3N4nzb
trÇ6bs9lt4.
Wy4yo6tPLA
√4gx¬Zu
gÇ6tt2Ù.
c3mz8k5
c3Ji
wyCh4ymo6Li
yK9o6
h0JtQNis4.
ra9o3j9o N8kZhQZlx6Li x3N4nzb scst9lis4, “w6f5 Wt4X5.” wZ˜2 x?lxi4
nsi3u4 Wy4yiC6Lis4.
N/zzo
bsg1m5
x3N4nzb
u8i5bsbet`QPLA
Nk3u4.
b6r3o
N8kMs`Q8iCCus4 e7ut4 gdnMs6LA ∫{huz iec6to6Ù. yeis2 xizi N[oQ9lA
Nk3u4 ßJ6goÇzu4 iEix6bzi4 xw3us5t6X4Li. x3N4nzb s0pEoCus4 sc6Li,
“ckw8NF5 kå5txMPI6X4W5V” yeis2 rs9lis4, “√4g6XPICm kå5txMPI6X4Sz.”
yM5tx?sc5b6X9ox1m5
b6rs2
ckwo4v8iD8•6X4Lis4.
N/zi
byco3iC3mAo
xWE?4Ù,
“byco`QM6
xWE?o6Lis4,
høV”
xqÇz5
“c6nsco`QM5
høV”
c6nsc6Xo3iC3mQ5 byoxD0/sJmo6Li.
by3jxCu4
N/zuk5
em4bsJmo6S6
xq3Cj5
mo1ix6bui4
wk4h4rsd9lA.
N/zz Why6v7u6ymo6t9lA c/6X9M4gcCu scs0/s9li, “xd8k5 sKz wrMsE5.”
hNs=?w8N
c6ns6
gkusk5
wrdpJ6.
wr1m5
n7∆tMs6Lis4
x6vst¿.
w0/`Aolx6t8NA Sw0JtZus4 rhu4 bf/Ex4~i4 xWE1m5 csmDJ4gu4 bfiC6Li.
x6vst4v8iE9lis4. bmgmi w0/`AJx¬o6t9lA Sw0Jt9lis4. xWEQ9lis4 rhu4
bf/Ex4nzi4.
kNw5
S6giq9l
S4r8iq9l
bfZlx3iC6LiQ5
x`QPLt4.
WzJQo6bz8i4
x6vst4v8i6Lis4.
dMo6t9lA
Sw0Jtbw8NCus4
xWEoE9lis4
rhu4
w0/`Ao3ifj5
bf/Ex4nzi4.
ryxi
bf4ns5t-
Sw0J0/sixEx4n6
b6r6
rs9li,
“bs?i Nt3Nw9l kNw9l bfJ8N6y?4v.” bf5txD8N6yZu kNoxD0/sixChQoClx6Li
tnmz8i4 x6vstQ9lis4. x7mw˜4 w0/`Ao6g7mEx¬Q9li. Sw0JtZus4 xWEoE9lis4,
szy1ifj5
gaJDJ4yymJ•5g5
wF4h4v5
bfJ8N6y/Ex4nq8i4.
si4√5 — xizz c6ns3j5 bsgo6tb6
bfJ8N6yiC3mQ5
159
kNoxDtobw8N6Lis4.
kNo0J0/sZu
vu1u
d˜i5
Nv5t9li
w9¬osCu
N/zu
wk4h4rxE6vs/q5 w9¬Exc5bs/6LiQ5 xq3Cj5 moo6Xw5.
xq3CCu NkC3u[l e7uh1u[l wix6gx6yx6S6. NkC6 Xs4g6ym9li wix6gx6
bfZus4 x3N4ni xWE¿, “Nr5 m8N W8iC1iV” x3N4~ rs9li, “suxi5 çqxi5
e7m6fyxC.”
160
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
xizŒ4
x3N4nz4 ©Ûo`A6g6
≈o4¥N f2l
x
s/so6t9lA
eMlÛ¬c5bo3mb
xizz
y[/¨PLi
Nso4yo7m4nc5byK6.
trstJ8N6y6ƒpQZu N/zi vqost9lis4 xo6 etxA5 eM4Lis4 sQxfl1u4
ni6fo6gu4 Nso4yQxPI6S6. ∫8N ieQymMs6Li0J4 eMlÛ¬o3u1mb x7mw˜4
ho N/zi vqostQ9lis4 eMlZCh4v8iyQK6. bmgmi sQxc`Q5gu4 W/E/c6Lt4.
∫8N ieQoE9li0J4.
x3N4nz
sco6Li,
x4gÇ3i6nsJ8ˆ6y˜CF5.”
“eMlÛ¬o3u4Xb
eMlÛ¬o3u1mb
vqostΩMs˜6X3m
x3N4nzb
xo6
w4bE1i6nsKz
et3uA5
eM4Lis4
vqE/sΩ3ixCu. w3i4nzb hv5tx4v8i6Lis4 wAu0/w6LA. eMl4v5 ciˆ6b6©Zlx5
hdtQvb`QPLiQ5. xatxl1u4 x4gxl1u4 ni6fbso3m5 Nso4Lis4.
x3N4nz r5tv9M4vlx6Li wms2 çzA5 s9M4X~Ms6Li x6vs0/s9li. Sw0J0/sZu
w`Q6y9li, “w3i3m w3i3m hj5 W?J?z, x8N9l wt6f9l w0JENQ5 nl7m6n?J?4v.
b=?g6
ck6g6
Wfzg6
WaCÔ2
çzk5
WMz,”
Sw0J0/s/Çzu
bwm8N
w`Q6ym9li. Sw0J0/s1uZu k/i wAubFiEZuQ5 yKi3uk5 eWs/o6bq5. x3N4nz4
eMlZ`A6Li ©Ûos9li. bwm`Z5 eMlZ6bco6Li eW`ZJu4 ©Ûo1i4.
si4√5 — x3N4nz4 ©Ûo`A6g6
161
xizŒ4
froqx5txÇlw5
≈o4¥N f2l
s
rx3m5
w[lc3N6yt9lA
xizŒ4
Wh4Lt4
xs9M6Í4.
s8ko6t9lA
c3mE/sJj5 trstZu4 xizz b1µ6no6S6. wuD4gx¬Zu N/zi ∫4fkz
w¨hd¿.
N/zz ÙjxCu wl7j5 g6LM9li, “c7µ5, c7µ5 xizm w¨h6t7mz.” b6vm`Z5
rs/s9li,
“vb4S5,
vb4S5
fg4gx¬1m5
ra2W3lt5
wyE5.
x4ft5
m4W3lQ5”.
ra2Wx6g3li wyd/sZu ra2Wx6g6Li wyyK6 xfi m4W6ym9liQ5.
hNs=?sfx4 xizŒ4 froqx5txk5 tr5©4. gkx n6rgx3m5 froxqx5txDlw5
gkxi4
e5g√Ms6Lt4
Xbd4ymo6g5
fr1u1i4.
bwm8N
iE?1iCu4.
frq5b
n`Qiq8k5 WM4ftcExc`Q5g9¬8•5. gkxi4 e5g√3lt4 iEJmifj5 ra2Wx6g3li
wydpJ5. N/zz wCN4XM5to3m5 xizz w[loZlxCu ˙cw7m nFo/6Li wy6~6S6.
N/zzi4
e5g√6g6yxEZuQ5
c3mz5b
cNDlxi4
tAyZu
vÍCo6Xw5.
wMz5bs3sN w5gDl4 w2X4g9˜l1i4 froDl4 fr1ui4 Xbd4y8N6Li scs/v9M4Li,
“xhÅ6 N7N7N7 , scst6vsZlx6X{y N7N7N7, wi6t6vsZlx6X{y N7N7N7N7N7N7N ”.
xizzb n[lJ9˜l4 cspmZus4 vW/DlQ1mA. gdoCul “j[A[A[A” M9li.
b=?i
w[loDlw5
g∂C‰CuQ5
N/zi
rF4Lis4
≈8ix3ifj5 Wh4g4ns÷`Q5tx3m5 b=?i s®o6Lt4.
162
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
w[loxE6vs/uk`Zst¿.
xizŒ4
wtc`Q5g5
≈o4¥N f2l
s
W3z3ut9lA
xizŒ4
Wh4X4ymw8NCu4
kNo1k5
y[/u
gW6yms6gk5
trst/6go6Í4. x•6gc÷Ci. gW3k5 c[oZu4 N/zz yK7j5 s9M4y9li gW5
r[oq8i sd7uxc5b4bcs3m5. dFx5b4vu w[Mm/4Li sc6S6, “sd7uxc5∫8kw5,
sd7uxc5∫8kw5”.
hJ3o b6vm`Z5 gW3u5 g6LMJc6Li, “x8N5 b6v4fx, x8N5 b6v4fx”. hNs=?
wtc`Q5gk5 trstÔ4. bm4fx wtc`Q8Nu4 xN6X4gi[l gnsmZu4 sd7uxc5b1u4
si3usbc6Lt4 xN3io6¥Ms6√6Lt4 gWu4b yMt5txzk5 xNEx6g6X4Lt4.
xizŒ4 ∫4fN•o6Lt4. b4fN`Z5 yei6 sw∫6Li b6r3l kox6∫ClxE9li.
∫4fxo wtc`Qgw8N`Q8Nu4 rhc÷`Q5g5. cfA`A6t9lA yei6 yzwo6Li. yzwo3m5
nrx
W3Cw?o6Li.
hNs=?
x1mic`Qj5
w3iJ8N`Q7mb
w3iF4nz
ˆ7m4y4X5
WM4bs˜3ifj5 W3Cw0J0/s?o6gFi6 gxo‰4gi4. iqs6 b6rs2 scst9lis4 N/zz
w3iQx`AxPIMs3li w3iJ8N`Q2X5 WM4bsixgw8N6S6.
w3iF4nz ˆ7m4y1m5 w3i5tx6Li xatfl1u4. ∫4fx nr4fCnq5 vmJx¬o6Lt4.
w`Q6yJc6X~6Li, “sfx6S5, sfx6S5 w3iK6, w3iK6 x1mio1u4 wto1u4 sho1u4.”
nrxlx
xabsi6n6
g6LM9li,
“w5t6hPIoE5t
sho6h3lyl
s5go6h3lyl.”
wtcMs`Q5g4f5 x1mi6∫6g6tc5bsty9lt4 No6ƒt/Çzu4 ßm?4Lt4. ni6f5bÇzu4
gd?4Lt4. xabsiq5 b6ftFiDl1i4 sh4∫6gCho6Lt4. ∫8N5bs6 yeis2 nrx
swzb vW9lis4 ni6ƒt/3˜lQ1mA gd?9oxo6Li sc6S6, “swm ©PI6Ùz, n/uk5
©PI6Ùz cfA mu8i6 dM3N6XV” gd9lil.
nrxlx xabsi6n6 yM¨t9lA yM7j5 g6LM/s9li “rNsix6g3aNV” wl7j5
rs9li,
“Sx¬ø˜4
“Sx¬ø”
Sx¬ø.”
b6vm`Z5
g6LM/sPIEK6,
hNs=?sN
w3ab6∫i
“SxlZlx6S6
Sxlu4
xtcd÷
b=?>”
rs9liQ5,
Sxld/sNhQ/s9li
Sxl/sÔZlx6.
si4√5 — wtc`Q5g5
163
xizŒ4
b6r3l yei`A6©4
≈o4¥N f2l
y
ei6
w3i~6ymj5
ri5t3iui
w˜4f5
w[lo©/ExcCu
wk©?4Li.
c[Qc5b6gx¬oClx3mb b=?•q8NExcu wMs?Zi.
c[QJx¬o3ut9lQ5
s8kCn1i4
wy6bs9li
bwmwos6bs?oCu
d9ox
cspJmoj5
hW/sZu
sN∫E/sZu
WctQ/s9li.
rNj5
sN∫a?1i3ui4
w7usDtui5
n[?¥8Ns/6gu5 ezzA5 XsutDmo6Ù. bwmwo/sJ5 ˆbsiC6bs?Ms3mb. xhw˜4
c[Qo3uqmb
tri
Xs6t6ym?Œ6LA.
x7mw˜Ωy5
wy6bsZu
d9ox
hW/sMs6Li
sN∫E/so3uZu ˆPLA. xi1m5 mo4nvs6gEx6Lis4. c[QJkx6g6. b6√`Z5 yM∫i5
yei6 w[M6XM5tJxl1i4 g~o6Li; bwm ˆbsymJu4 wJE/coj5. sc6XM5tJu[l
gn6Li, “b6r6 ≈y5 wkgx6ysChxlj5 ˆ∫¬K6.”
xizuk5
sN∫E/sc5b3iƒ/Ex4nui4
hJ4Li
i`Z4g9˜lZu
c[QJk5
wyCu
wFxq3u w[lx Nv8Nus4 xizuk5 gi9lA scst¿, “xiΩ4 bm3m mmdZlz sN
iE[A4¡” iEJm`Q7m5 wFxq3u w[lx Nv4r9lA d9o3u5 wfmJu5 wFxœ1i wX6r6LQ4
xizi yM7j5 mo4n6Ù. ∫8N c[Q=FsJ6 vw?PLi0J4 s9Mo6Lt4. b6rs2 tAux6∫
XoCu xsmsgw8No6Li. moc5bst9lt4 cz5b6Lt4.
bwm`Z9o
b=?
xizŒ4
moc5bst4.
csm`Q8i6ns9li
b6rs9l
csmz
kN¨hz6Lt4 tAux6∫ N/zzb wFxqx Xo6Li xsmsgw8NoMs6ym1m5. yei3o
xizui4 moΩClxj5 srs4f5 bosm{˙/Ms6Li n6r4v8iobw8NÇzu xizuk5 wqx6bsymiƒAi i`Z4gx¬c5b3m5 xs/soÇz5 yM5tx?svb4X`QM6.
164
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
ckw7m5 w[l5 wq3C?A8Nw3i3mΩb
≈o4¥N f2l
f
2l
ej4y`Axa/Clx6Li
c3mz5b
Ntxi
w3abil
izsDlil
cs4Xj5
X3N4©4 wpQs/o6Xw4. w5g3u4 xtcCu d2¬9li.
do5∫ e7uzb w3is3FQ~Ms3mA xg6g4nsJ8•3m5 xzJxb do5bzi4 xƒ/o1u4
w3abzb ≈6r4hw4v8iDts/6∫.
w5©Zu ˙cw7m xƒ/o1u4 xgDm`Q5g9˜¬1m5 do5∫`Q4fi esix3m5 xzJxb
do5bzb
xƒflxl
rix3Jflxl
NvbsoÛ9lt4,
gwq4
„6bscys0/sdZlx3mQ4
W/EglxoÛ1m5 izsDlxb scst9lis4 kNoo`Q8iq8i do5bwD8N3ix3iC6Lis4.
kvq[o yio6v7u3mt4 sw3zo6g4nsZlxj5 f2l kµ˙/6Li sc6S6, “w3a∫4g6 b=?
X3NQxc`Q5tx3lb ej4yExcCbl xs9˜D8N6b. do5∫Exc`Qx8k[lbl.”
izsDlx cEx3¨PLi xki4 u6ns/Cu eg3zi nrDlµ6bi eFxCus4 scst9lis4,
“w8N5txDF5 si4vstJ8NClx6bQ5 ckw7m5 bwm8N xs9˜6XA8•3iƒ/Ex4nq8i4”.
f2l si4√6gxD0/s9li y8N4n6X4vu izsDlx yi4bsm`Q5bÇz5 w8N6tvstQ9li
N5ts2 x4n6fq5 e7u`Axi w4y8N6X~6LiQ5.
wi9M4ym5txogx3m5 izsDlx xyxi4 xku4 u6n3ix6bui4 tAy9li si4√yK6:
“bw{hmis/v9M7mExl4 wkw5 xs9˜DmoÇzu4
w[lu•q8N3ltsJ8N6XMs6ymZlx3mb. b=?Å6 xs9˜DmoÇzu4 hNl4∫5
N4nDm/t4 w[lu wlxkx6t6bw8NEMs6Li0J4, w[o3j9l
crsC5tx6gw8NsMs6Lt4 wq3CyJmoÇzu4 w[lt4 scstgw8N6X4Li0J4
xs9˜Dmi3u1i4. bwm8N xs9˜D8NCu4 ej4yExc6X`Q5g5,
s6f4nvbQxc6XZt[¬8•5. b=? Nt3j5 x6vC/Ex4n6 dx6~3N6ggx6.
Nqx3NDtgxEMs6∫ x6vEx4n6 ˙cw7m miC4f5 wq3CZu4 hNgw8N5
vbZsJ5 ç6fbsgw8N3X1mb w[o3j5. w[l wq3CZlx6t9lA Ntzo
em4bs?9oxgw8N3m5. bwm8N xs9˜6XA8N{˙/6gx¬Zu4 hqs`Z5tx6Lt4.
b=?o xz4ƒ2 w3abflxi4 sW3z4no6t9lA w˚iffl1u4
xs9˜cbs/Es6gc3i6Li. w[lc3NhΩ3J4t9lA w˚iƒ9li.
Ù3aCD8N6gf¬o6t9lA xs9˜o3i6Lt4. b=?o wJ4v6gf¬1m5 w[o3u5.
mi6vjxgx3m5 ç6fbsvstQ9li. xz4ƒ2 w[l k6v6n6Lis4.
si4√5 — ckw7m5 w[l5 wq3C?A8Nw3i3mΩb
165
st3FsJf¬ZlxCu gdzJf¬o6g6. xz4ƒ2 w[l w3abzi4
wkx6gD¬1m5 i8zstZus4 w[ll4∫5tx5 wq3C?A8Nw9ot8i6LiQ5.
bwm`Z9o b=? xs9˜DmoÇzu4 w[lt4 ryxi em[li0Ô/Exco3i6S5.”
f2l yioy9li scChQZlx6Li, “xi6nl bwm8N xs9˜6XA8•6SA5, kvC wJ4v[AJf¬1m5
wJ4vfl[li gdflPI˜3m5,” w3a∫bo eW5tx4v8iEx6Lis4 “ukukukuk”˜gw8N6ƒpJ6
gn6Ù.
166
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
“w3ab3JxWZ Ns4V w3ab3JxWZ Ns4V”
≈o4¥N f2l
“xˆN5tx4 si4√6gxMsE5.”
“si4√6gx4nc0/`Q8Nm y8N4~WoE5 c2X4~WoE5.”
“xˆN5tx4 si4√6gxMsE5.”
“xhÅ6 si4√6gx4nc0/`Q8Nm y8N4~WoE5 c2X4~WoE5.”
“xˆN5txq˜4 si4√6gxMsE5.”
“B≈-xF`Z˜Çlw5,
B≈-u6fc`Q5gxlw5,
B≈-d¨4bÔÇlw5,
B≈-cExÇ3J1u5,
B≈-vbZ˜PIoÇzb,
B≈-dwN1N6XPI6S5,
≈-g-g-g-g-g
≈-g-g-g-g-g.”
“ts6,” w3ab3JxWz ts6Li vq4f5 Wrx6S6.
“w3ab3JxWZ Ns4V w3ab3JxWZ Ns4V”
xˆN5txz eW4t4 m4W6b6LQ5 eio6S6.
“w3ab3JxWZ Ns4V w3ab3JxWZ Ns4V”
xˆN5txz rl¨5goµ5 m4W6b6LiQ5 ei6S6.
“w3ab3JxWZ Ns4V w3ab3JxWZ Ns4V”
w[luioµ5tx6 w3ab3JxWi eio6Ù. Ni`Q8Nus4 exo6Li,
“w3ab3JxWZ Ns4V Bx1-Bx1-Bx1,”
“w3ab3JxWZ Ns4V Bx1-Bx1-Bx1,”
si4√5 — w3ab3JxWZ Ns4V w3ab3JxWZ Ns4V
167
w3ab3JxWi w[lu NiJ8N`Q8Nus4 vu4g6Li yMj5 w3ab3JxWi ei3ixCus4
“w3ab3JxWZ Ns4V Bx1-Bx1-Bx1,”
yMu tsts6gfl1u4 dXkx3J4bcClx6Li w3ab3JxWi Ni`Q8Nus4 eiEx3lis4
xs9MChyK6. b6fti vu1ust5st9lis4, misy=Fil s/7us5tst9lis4, v4Wil
vu1u
w[lxkx6Lis4
w3ab3JxWi
eiExy¿.
W˙/6Li
dXkx3Jfl1j5
ci=Fys6bs9li ts˜6gfl1u5, exK6,
“w3ab3JxWZ Ns4V Bx1-Bx1-Bx1, “w3ab3JxWZ Ns4V”
exZu wπ1i x9M6tW4vlxj5 yiq5 xsX6y9lt4,
“w3ab3JxWZ Ns4V Bx1-Bx1-Bx1,” “w3ab3JxWZ Ns4V Bx1-Bx1Bx1”
Wh{˙/Cul sfz9li Who6g6 ho exq8N6Li,
“w3ab3JxWZ Ns4V Bx1-Bx1-Bx1,” “w3ab3JxWZ Ns4V Bx1-Bx1Bx1”
w3ab3JxWi e•8N6ym9lis4, xfixl[l exZu iW9o6Li.
“w3ab3JxWZ Ns4V Bx1-Bx1-Bx1,” “w3ab3JxWZ Ns4V
Bx1-Bx1-Bx1”
ei{˙/lxj5 ex{˙/lxj9l ‘w3ab3JxWZ Ns4’MJ8Nw9o9li, ho exZlx6Li
“c?6X6X6X6X6, c?6X6X6X6X6”˜Ωo6S6.
xe[Q`A6Li.
168
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
kNs2 m8iq5
mE-¬y sFl6
k
Nu WD6Lt4 x7ml ydubs/Exc`QPLt4. kNs[Å6 iFsE1mA bwm`Zixl4
i3Jt4nsizk5 ydu4√z5 yMl[Jxf∫/5gxl4.
mfxo m8•5 SrsiC6bs˙5 g4©9lt4. ryxi wm3usb4nw5 bsNi wµi bEsu
m8isJ8N3uJ5.
ryxi
bw4ftÅN6
yK9o5tA5
wkÎ6v?Ms3i3mb
i3Jtoµ5,
rhgw8Nw5
Srs9lt4
cs9l6gu4
e7u9¬8•5, y4¥9¬8•5.
t1uxu5
w3ixa`Q4ft4
g4g4nsgw8N3iq8i4
gnsm9lz
u6fc6Lt4 g4gu5 xqi6ns9lt4. bm4fx S®5 y˜aiC6bs1u1mb wm3usb6tg5 wm8N
Wgw8N3lA Wd/s`Q7mb kN iFs/PLiÅ6.
bm4fx wµi bEsu m8isJ5 s[ÔJ8N6Li xwFsJ8N6Lilcw. bwm m8iFisAi
wµi, mfx c4hzst`Ax5 X5bw5 b6nq5 b6ncC/5g6 bwm8Nw5guÅ6 døzA5
gkxA5 b6ncC/5g6 b6ns5tx6Li.
x7m Nkw5 y˜a?4rK5 m8is?1u1mbcw, xqJx¬9lt4 Nk3¬Nil Nkgw8Nu5
xqi6n7mExlw5. Nk6, s[J[l ∫4fx y˜aJ5 gnsm9lQ5, W/s/Exc`Q5g5bs6 ∫4fx.
bwm8N gnsmJz w˚yr8N6Lt[l.
bwm8N m8iFi3u4 s6fxi x?i niC/1us5 sz∫i Sr3u4 g4gu4 bfc5bMs6gz.
s9lw5 Wzh5 xbsy5bw8N6 ∫8N g4gi wMs?4Li bf?4LA. ho9ME4gxl4 ∫4fx
s4WDh`Q5g5 WD6gw8Nlxi4 ie4nos3mb c9lˆ5.
si4√5 — kNs2 m8iq5
169
bø9MÔ5
µr v4r4
s
?zo bf9ME9lz bfMs6ym`Q5gz bø9MÔu4. bwm gnsm/C ≈Mys2 swFiz
hDys9li
JxNyui6,
ti8i¨5gi
urJDl7uÅ6
bø9MÔC˜fl7u4
bfZu
ti0/s6vJu4 i5y7j5 W`AxE?5buiz. x5hxlÅ6 xw5bzc5b6gFi6 b=Kz
bø9MÔC˜fl7j5
i5y7j[Å6
i5yym9lA
bwm
gdpxEZus4
wµ4
ubstQ9lA
ubstŒ8N6gis4 bwm e7uk5 gi/ui6, e7uk[Å6 WJm/s`Q5g6 bwmw5gui6.
bwm
ryxiÅ6
gnsm5bC5b
wµ6gc3li
bø9MÔ5
bwv
ubsbsQxc`Q5g5
bø9MÔ5
ubsbs2Xb
W3JxǬ7mb
wms9o
vmQ/s5txgx6Xb
wkQ7mQ5
x9˜¬8•[Å6
ti8i¨5gu4 bwm hDyflQ/sJu4 bf5bD5b wµ˚ExoK[Å6 m8N xuCflx Wlx6bwolA,
ßmJf¬7mbo wkQ7mQ9o wms2 x7ml wk8i4 wvJD8NFst5gt4.
x∫b5tx5
si4√6XMs3u7m5
w7mt8ix¬o6t9lA
sN•5gb
Nqx3N6yJx¬o6t9lA
nix¨5gb
xqJŒ4
sW3Ω4fÅ6
ß5g6ys6©4
sW3ΩÇl4f5
bw8NÅ6
xw2XC
vb5gx¬8i3z5 bwmw5gj5 Nqx3N6gj5. bwmoÅ6 mJ0÷D8•Cu x7ml xw2XE/z
x?ix¬6gi w˚0÷D8•Cu cspmoCu bwmÅ6 drsti n4fw5bwomZhMsClx6gis4
n4fgw8N6bz. mJExChc5bClx6gi yd7µgw8N6gi ~5gD¬7m9o yf ~8ix¬Zu. wµÅ6
x4rbs9ME5gi x4rbsJFi6 sN`Z5 x∫i5, gaJDJ5g6 x6v~Ex6g6 k/w8Nq9lÅ6
bf9liQ5. bwmw5g5 wvJD8NFst7mb ubsbsQQxc`Q9ME5g5 bf5b3iDF5 czgw8N6.
mfxl hDyK5, sfxo eg3z4v scstym/4v eg3zq8i4 scs0J6ymd9lQ5 bwmw5gu4
ßmJfl7u4 x7m¬8•5 ti0/sgxDt4 WJ8N`Q7mb wclf¬Zu4 w˜4 boof¬Zlx3o wµi
ryxi WA8N3z5. czgw8N4f5 bf√9M5b3iD5b wµ˚6yQxc9M∫6gA5 x9˜5 eg3zK5
w3a5bK5 ubsbsQxc`Q7mb wvJD8N3mb wk8i4 wvJ6ts7mb.
ubsbsJc3iCu
c`Q8Nu4
ryxi.
wkÅ6
wµA9ME9o
wµ3F{ns`Ax`Q4vlx6v5
st`Œ8N3if,
wµi
ubstc6guisgx6v5
bwm
c9lˆi
Sw0JC6gi
≈Mys2
wµÅ9ME9li
swz
sx5t/sq8N˙5.
Sw`Œ8N3if,
bw8N
ryxi.
wµÅ6gui6
wµÅ6gi
bwm
wvJ6t{nc9lˆ•5gi,
≈8ixFox6ym9li
gd5tymJFi6
bw{huz
ubstc6gi bwm b[Z ubsbsQxc`Q5©tQ?w5 wms9o wvJ6tdtQ7mQ5.
∫4fx hDys9lt4 eg3z4v bfym7uJ5 nwM4f5 bwmw5gu4. s?zo bfMs6ym`Q5gz gnsm5txgw8N6gz. ∫4fx hDys9lt4 Xs5gx5bo7¨5gb ti8i3¨5g6 w˜4 wµ4
x9˜5 ?w?w3iC6bsMs6ymJ6 WsQ/6Ù¬9li xi3i3?l5©÷6giÅ6 g~oCu4 bskz
wm?l7m5 bv8NoÅ6 k/4r3Jxfl4 wµÅ6 wq3CJ6 wmwosΩ6gi gk7j5 ?w?w6gÎ6
∫4fiz.
xw2XC
170
wvJ6bsym5b6f6,
bf8N`Ax˙a7mE2XMs6g6
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
k/q9lÅ6
bf9liQ5
x7mlÅ6 gaJxzJ6 bwm x6v6g6 b/Zlx6gA bmsN SwŒCu SwŒ`Q5g6 ∫4fxÅ6
k/w8Nq5 bf/Clxq5 wµA5 x4r6bsZu yKj[Å6 vw5n7mE5g6, wµ4 w˚0÷D8Nw6g6
x/2ÙEChc5b6bz. bw4fx wµ4 d/Q/6ÙlQMs6bz wvJ6tQym/Ùlz.
x5bElA ryxi wµ6bs5bC/Clx6f6 wµ4 xuCflz m8N eyz ˙3l wc¬2
xuCztg5 bwmw5©7m5 „/D¬/6bwo5tx3lA x5bElA wvÔtf¬7m5 N9oQlA bwmwQxo4.
ubstQ?`Q9lA N9oQ5tx3lA wvJ6tflQ7mA wms2.
sx5txD
x∫bZ
si4√6XMs7uÔZlx6
bw8NÅ6
bwmw5gui6
dr6yMs6gFi6
c/zb yKx tAgw8N6b6 bø9MÔj5 wµ6tbsMs6gFis7uJ6 bwµq4fx xrixD8N6g3JxǬ7mb ubstQ/Exc`Q9ME7mb sW8NCi w˚7mb, wms2 wkflq5 wvJ6tdt9MExlw5. wµÅo6gu4 wvJ6ts7mb mfx w˚ix6©/D8Nw6gt4 wµ6gF•5 w˚˙a7mb
bwmw5gk5 ryxi.
srs4f9o wµlx6 cspJc3mÛ5 gnMs6ym`Q5gz gnsmJc6g{ns7uÔZlx6 xy8i5
wmwt9lA
wc¬Zu4
ryxi
cspZJ8i6ns˙aZ5b
N¨c5b6gxWsZlx4rx6.
w˜4
srs4f5
Ns4ƒ3Fc`Q7mb
ß5©0÷Zt9l
sx5txD4v8ixl4
WbcEx4v8i6X9Mw?8iClx3z5
JxNys2
gdym/z
w4fxorx6 Nj5 eµJflw5.
bwmgx3o
gnsm/gxC
≈Mys2
bw8N
swFizb
e7u∆6bFiz
bw8N
bf/6goClx3u7mA
cspm/gxC
WbcD8•6gFi6,
w˜4
w6f7mCu
W/uiflcw wMq8k5. e7ui9oÅ6 iEJm/s`Q5g6, bf?5g{ns7u7mbo e7u9o h8oµu9o
cspm7mb ti8ih6XMs3mb.
si4√5 — bø9MÔ5
171
lµJ
bWx ®Nw8N6
∫
4fx cspm5tx9ME`Qb4v, w˜4 bEs2 wkzsZlx6 x3N6. s?A5 scsyxA5 wµ4
scc5bC5b, x6vExÇzuÅ6 “lµ6” bwm8Nwo?7mbw.
∫4fx si4√6gxaZu4 N/Œ4, xˆNc6gt4, bw8N xiz bsg1Q5©Ms6ym9li.
sW3ΩaoÇz5 t7ux5 c6ns9l gn6bsZJ2X7mb b2Ùi by3u, c6ns5 gn6nsc5bo7mb
b2Xs`Zst/sAm7m5 bw8N bsg`Q5g6 N÷b b2Wf`Zst9lis4 bys6gis4.
bv8N c6ns5 bf8N3iC3mQ5 b=Kz em4bsJm9li bw8N bsg`Q5g6. N/i scst9lis4
bm8N xq3C2 u4yz s/C3u4 N2X6yc5∫3J9li bskz cspmJm7m5, wk4ho6bsd9lA,
bwµ4 em5gis4.
bwm
c6ns5
g~gw8NCuQ5
scst9liQ5
“i0÷gw8N2X8N6
bsgo6tbsAmZm,
wπ4vsfx4 bsgo6tbsAmZlx6gz.” bwmwo7m[Å6 xhw˜Å6 bwm gn6ns`QMs6gi
c/Î6
gM5g6
gn6ns5b6S6.
≈8i3N6g7mEx¬9liÅ6
Gc6ns5
gn3mA
w˜4
bwmÅ6
scq5
yf`Qd/sZu,
rAtc9˜5gD¬7mb,
xl5g6bso7mt4
Wx5tx`Q5g5H.
xl5g‰7mAÅ6 sw5bwod9lisÅ6, bwm bskz Wh2Xlo3m5 swZ˜4vuÅ6 bs8NÅ6 gkz
u6fc`Q5g6 bwm yf`Q~6gi.
bwm ~F7m5 x7mÅ6 yf`Qd/s7u7m5 yf`QCu ≈8i3N3i6n7mEx¬9liÅ6 xl5go3u7m5.
xhw˜4 swd7mA, swo6g6. xhw˜Å6 bfDJ5gi bsg5tx`Q4vlxlx6gi. bf7mΩ5
xWE7m5, ∑ bsgZlxÎ6 ryxi ˙3l b{y6g6, SÔ6g6. yf`Qd/sZu yf`Q4v8i6S6
∫8N xl5g6vsJ6 c/7uk`ZsZu ~F5gi.
xw2XzÅ6
x7mw˜Å6
≈8i3N6g7mEx¬7uK6
xl5g3u7mQ5
wpq5.
xWE7mAÅ6
bf7mΩ5, “∑ bsgo6gz ∫?{hm c6vw5 szy5g5, w5t6bs/q5 wFh4v9l bsgo6b4v”
bwmwo7mAÅ6 bwµ6bsZuÅ6 yf`Qd/sZu yf`QyQK6.
bwm
c/3uk`ZCu
xs9M3m5,
swd/so3uZuÅ6
bv4fxÅ6
by3u
c6ns5
xyx3Jc`Q5g5 bf9liQ5. bw{hm xq3Czb u4~ wk4ho6bsc5bd6vsZus4 N/7uk5
xhw9˜4 bm4fx wk4hw5 bfZu mo5gQ5 bsk`Zo6gi.
xhw˜Å6 gW6 bv8Ns7m5 sX4vus4, bm4fxÅ6 e7u2 eyDlx NkC3l Xs4gx4
Xi6y6©4, bsg`Q5©9li e7us2 iezi4 iEtbs?Ms6gi N/zb N8k2 iezi4
iEt2X4vlx6gis4. b=Kz tr8Nu xWE9li “Nrs7m5 NkCui6V” ∫8NÅ6 xˆNz
sc6gi
“x2fx
çqx5
kN5b2.”
bwm8Nwo9li
“x†
iE5b6X2Sz
whm8i,
xex5g3lt9o iEQ5.” N8k5buizi5 bsg`Q5©9li Nk6bEMs6bzi5 hNs=? ui5gi
iec6tbs?8iCu
e7uuiΩ3u4.
∫8NÅ6
sc6gi
“xaAm
exy5bstQZlx6giÅ6.
172
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
iEAµ6Sz.”
xˆNz
eMlZw5 n6r6gx¬?o3mb ∫8N w3iz Ns4yxCu bsk`Z6gi N/zl xˆNzl
mo4gt4 yˆk5 eMlZChx3ixCu4. bmsˆ6tc5b3zb eMlZw5 xˆNz sc6gi “m0/
m0/ wh6∫5tx6, m0/w˜4 ejeb6g6”. s¥7m ∫8N w3iz cf6∫l7u4 Nso4y9li bmsN
etxA5
elx6gis4
v`Qst9lis4
xos2
whxk5,
N/iÅ6
n4fwd9lis4
n4fw7m5
keQxMs6hA, ˙cw7m ∫8N eMlZ6 Gcf6b6H xatx¬Zu hNs{n`Q7m5 wk7u4, bwmÅ6
bskz xˆNz s9My5gi wµk5.
bwmo eMlZj5 vobsoCu, eMlZ6 x6vCw7m5 x6v6X5gi, eMlZ6 SwZw7m5
Sw?5gi xˆNz. bwm SwZw7m5 sc6X7m5 “lm6”, bwm xtc6S6 lµJ.
si4√5 — lµJ
173
gryy5t5
w5ym/6
w9lfl4
∫8N g6LCsy6 kNo1i x0pŒ4tbs`Q5g6.
kbÇ6 W5tx6bs?`Q5g6.
w[lo1usi
wrx6X=F4
b6r6; X1i6©3usi. s9l6ysttA5, µ0p.
x3NsctŒ[¬8•5
xabsct-
Œ[¬8•5 w9l‰˙5 Wc∫b x∫∫ N/c6X5
Wc∫∫
xˆˆi4.
w9l‰gw8N6Lt[¬8•5
w9lflŒ4Lt[¬8•5. X1i6©3usi xzJ6w4˙5
u5tmbo1usi
b6r6
sW3Ω4f5
ƒ5
ƒZoÇzb iW6f6gJx¬?1iq8k5 bwmwo/sJ6. s9l6ysttA5 JMw.
wANs/`Ax6etAy6
wkw5
x?lyym9lt4
wk1u4
etx•5gu4 wy4vuk5 x5gq6ym9lA s3D0/w6ym9lA nio6O5tx3uk5 vbw5bwom9lA
gi0JtQ9lA vwF2X9oxtb6, etx•5g3l
eCbw8NCh4Li.
√q4 cb`AtŒ4Xt4 w9lflŒ4S5.
w9l`Ax6
s/6v5 x1ml6ytymJ5 kb6vi5 Wc5∫3Fs?1if5 w[l`AxE/s9lt4.
w9Ms6
w[ox3usb6 ßmJk5 WxC4nE/6.
wpCw5
swiAmh5©2 eg3zi xs9M6t7mQ5 ∫4fx
wkw5
wkC/5
rhl4∫5 i3JbsNt4 wk9MEsNt[l w˚6ƒpicClx6Lt4.
kNz8•q8NClx6Lt4
wk1k5
bf4f4nsq8N6X`Q5g5. g4©6ƒp9lt4 bf/s˙5. sc6bs?1uJ6: wp6v5
wœ6nst
w˚/w5
eg3zs/c6XoMs6t8NQ5 Geg3z`Ax6H
nN/s?Ms6g5
Wc5∫Dt4noxE/s9lt4
w˜Œ`Ax5 ˆm5tx6Lt4. µ8Nonsi6nw5
eJ1i4 w˚/c6X4g5. ns9¬2 si4√zi
x∫bzbÅ6 nNsZFixi4 xwF3j5 ©Û3u4
ixd`AxdtcCu.
tus2
wMz
x5t4gu
gk6Xy4
wœ6nDtQ8N6g6.
wq3C5tp
ej4y3u4 wq3Ct5tJ6. hvn6t
w6f9oCst
W`AxDy6;
w9lr∫6
W`AxDy6;
rhgw8N5
x1mlXlgx6Xb
NojŒXl4Lt[l
ir5∫6bs9lt4
d7j5
Nl4bsZu4 w[lxk5 xf6LA ∫8N xf6y0JtQ/i w[lxk5 giyvs6gExc6Li Nl4v8i3ixCus4.
bm8N
wy6ym9li
NiyNhvbAy6.
WFr5g¨lxCu4 wpÇD8N`Q8Nu4 rhfl1uΩ6
wp6yMs6Lt4 ∫8N Ni/sNh4X4Li.
w6f5
c3m3u
wZ˜2
x?lx.
bw{hmi
nsis?Ms6g6.
gryy5t5
175
w6f9l4g4yÇE/c3i6 tAxDm9li¬8•5 kox6∫Dm9li¬8•5.
∑3Ω6
w˚4 m3Î4 ~`Zc5bst9lt4 i0÷J4 cm`Z5
w[Qx3ui5
xbs5t4ƒ6bCh4Lt4
xgi
ckwosClxDt4. ∫8N X1i6©3usk5 xg6bsJ6.
bw/s0Jycs6g6
x0pŒ`Q5gi
ex3¿6g6,
x3Fx3usi
vb0/6g6
kNF1usil
kNi
W6fyÇ6g6,
w[lo1usi
wcl1usi
∫8N
Nigw8N6
xg6bs?9oxo6Li.
srsoÎ5
b6r6; srs6X9oxo6t9lA. s9l6ysttA5,
s4©WE.
s[Z6h6g6
≈8ixlx3ifj5
i9o6bwomNh4vlx6Li
i9o/5g6.
s[J0J4
s9lE0/5; X1i6©3usi5 s9lExdtQ/sJ5
x?bc6Lt4 x?∫5tx3u4
si4√6gx5
si4√gc6 si4√6bs?4Li cspm/soc5b6g6 wMq5 si4vsyø5 ck6 W`A6ymJc3mΩ5,
wMq9l
wk1u4
si4vsyø5
xgc5b6ym/q8i[l, wMq9l si4vsyc6Lt4
ck6
wo6fyø5
ckwbsiƒ?4y-
m1mΩb.
si4√5
si4√6gxaNt[o si4√9M5∫5 ckwym9ME4gi4. wMq5 si4√6gx5 si4√gw8NsiƒZlx5 si4√E/s?4Lt4 gnsm/s?9oxj5
wM/s?9oxj9l si4√6gx`A3if5.
176
s9M4g5
s9lE0/5; Wzhflw5 d7j5 gro‰4g5
N8kuÅ6 GNk3J4H mo4g5, szyQx3J4bzil xtΩq8i bwm em4t5g6.
sc7ui6
wk4 sc3lx6bDuN`Q4vlx6Li sc3lx6b4vs/Çzu sc7uisiC6bsJ6.
sclÇ6
xS5
ej[pNi
k=K4tymJ6
whx
czbis9li
scs6ƒpo6ym9lt4
xkE
Nr`Z÷6X1izi4 NlNw4fbE/sAx4g6.
s6˙∫6
W`AxDygc6. s6hcsy=Fgc5
C6bs?Ms6g5.
s6˙bsi-
xsX9M5g6
k3C6 u6fz vJ6toÇz5.
xt6
w˚2 xa6g6bs0Jyz, bw{hmi GwMq8k5
ho xg6bsJ6H rNQ/s0JtQ÷.
xr5t5g6
u6hDt6 w4Wv6b6yis2 x0pZlxz ryxi
xqi6nis1m5 ˙3l gWs2 Ùzis4X5
Wc∫ ym¨PLi Wc∫ wlx•PLi u6f5
x?7jZ6tPLA.
x4h`A6g6
kbCfl4 kbC˜aJ8•6g6 Whvbo6g6,
bw{hmisi6ns4X5 gd/5guND•Ex4nzi4
whmQN6yN/6S6.
xf9oÎ5
b6r6; g4g5 u6fq5 x8kÇoxEJuN6y/Çzb ~lxCt4 g3DlxCt[l. s9l6ysttA5
xsAy w[lo1u.
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
xf5gÔ4
s9lE0/5;
s8k~4f5
n6r˙4
cspm0Jbs?Ms6©4 s9l6gy?9oxo3izi4
ho s9lc6t9lA n6rc5boÇzt4 c9lˆg5
cspm/sÔ4 Beetlegeuse x7m Bellatix
x[ø4
s9lE0/5;
s9li.
Nox9M5∫rx4 Wc∫ xqi6n-
x[l
yfu N5ts2 Sw=Fx xi3i3uk5 yft5bwot˙z.
xuCws5
b6r6; g4g5 N[Jq5 xuCw/oÇzb.
s9l6ysttA5 ytWE w[lo1u. bw/s1uJ6,
xuxoÎ5
xmst
x8kÇ6 xµ3Fos6ymJ6 Nn6f6g[A9lil
xˆNŒ4 bm3u4 Nn6ymJ8Nd9lQ4. ß4g6ym0Jyq5 x0pŒ5tx`Q7mb xmstos2 Ni3usbsizi4 cspm0JtQ8N6XMs6g6.
xmÎ/6etAy6; xmD`A6ymJ5 xmD`A6t5tNh4X4Lt4 s9˜E9lQ5 x4gEx6X4LQ5. kb6vkgw8Ns`Q5g6 dFxQ/sc5bMs6g6.
xix5g6
W5bwoi3u4
n6rt5tJ6.
mo`Qbc3iDi
scsyE9lA
xiz
xiui4 g6LCsys?Ms6g6. “xizZ”.
xNsetAy6; wMŒ4h6ym9lt4 w˜Œ5 d7j4bsJu4
xf6yvb˜a/Çzb
xNsyNh4ts?4Lt4.
xf6bsAt4
d7j4bs/Exco4v8i6X4Li.
ul6bsAt[o ul6yÔ2 wMq5 xNsyNh4tso6Lt. bw/s?1uJ6: xNsoÛ6xyms5b
eJ4 ~5g6 x3Ns2 ey1i4 xu3i[¬8•5
ß4g3FQ?4bz, m0/[FQ9¬A¬8•5, i[ps3FQ9lA¬8•5. bw/s?1uJ6: es3F4
xoc
g6LCsy6
xzJQ/i.
xg6bsJ8•3uJ6
cb`Ati
x9o0pF4
Wdbsy=F4 e7u6bs0/w6yymNh4Li w[lj5
wy6ym`Q5g8N6gi4. ˙3l y3lx6.
x`Qxo4
scsyE/Exc6bClx3ui4 scsyE`Qbc3i6
wp6ymo6LAl.
xayx6
w3ih4¥Ô2 w3ih4yxz w3i6∫6X5 xayx6∫6S6.
xan9l6
g4g xabs9li x3Çizi k3Csif.
xz4
xˆNzb xix.
x`Z6
xizb eg3Ω.
gryy5t5
177
xcsy6
kb6vj5
i9osy6.
bs?4Lt4
wMq5
mo4ns0p0J-
xˆNzb¬8•5
xyxb¬8•5
∫{hjz xcsy3u4 s=?¬8•5 wkw5 w˜4f5
∫{hjz xcsyc6X4Lt4. wMq5 xcsysZlx5 xa6gCDbso6X4g5 xJos0/s9lt4
xtE6ƒpo6Lis4, ˙3l wk˜6, x8N9Mfl4
xyq9l. wMq5 xcsyE/sJu4 scs0/sq8N6X4g
w8NsoClx6t9lQ5
∫{hm`Z5
xc6tui5. xcs¥5 wMq5 i9oDygw8Nw5,
xc4vsi6nsiq brˆ6ym5tx6gu4 w`Q6Lt4
xc˙5.
w`Q6∫
GbflA
rxrx6
won„
xcsyx
ß5g?s2
Xi1uk5
πi
nw7mwÔ2 ttCsyE/q8iH
x3Nox6
w3ih4¥Ô2
w3ih4yxz
Xi4∫6X5
x3Nox6∫6S6
SJxlw5
kNu5
Ni/4ns˙5
XiÇzu4
SJc6g5 r9o6ystQ/s?1ifi4.
X[Q6
ns9¬2
si4√6bq8i
w3iJ6
xo4fi
X[Q3iC6bs?4gFi6.
µ8No
≈8i6g6
sFiz xo4\x1m6X5 X[Q3iC6bsK6.
X8i6
g4g xa5 w8Nso6Li.
N5t6 crMs6Li x[lw6y6ymifj5 yf4f5
Ù3a6g6 xyq5bs6 Swp5 Ù3aoxa?1uJ5.
g4g x3Ns9li x3Çizi k3Csif
x?b6
ey4 NJ4bsMs6Li Xi6yxaymJ6 yu4LA
SF6bs9li
xo6
x4Lˆ3¬8•5
x5gq6-
ym9li rFt5t0/w4f5. sNs1uJ6: s9lExi
x?bE/6 s[J[J1j5
xKtJ6
emÎtJ6. w˜4ƒo6g6. xˆN4fu•5g8•6g6.
xK8i6
ho
ˆ7m4yt8NA
w˚J6.
µ8N
wk3iC6bsJ5.
trÇ6g6
rhgw8N6
ßmJ6
wk1k5
tr5bÇz5
trÇ3iC6bsJ6. Xslys2 si4√6bqtA5
N8k[Å6
trÇ3iC6bs[A˜5
w6yN3iq8˚6ƒ6g6.
t9o6g6
ckgw8N6 gn3ix6ƒpQ/c6Li ckw5gc3ix6ƒpAh4Li¬8•5 iEsQ9lA sb6r9lA.
tl4©5
xSbw/w0J5.
xK8•5
b6r6; N5tx5 w˚9lxCt4 w˚c5boÇzb.
s9l6ysttA5:
µ0p
x3Fxio
g4gi4
scsycΩ6g5.
178
wlxi
Ù3aox6
x3N9l6
w˚=F4nz
≈5bs/6W`AxDyD/s?Ms6g6 wkw5 wMŒ4h6Lt6
wMŒ5 ≈5bs/6 xyuk5 W/st5bwom9lA
xyui5 x6~6bsNh4X4Lt4. c{ygw8NsJ8NMs6g5 ≈5bs/6g5, c{ygw8N3i[l wMŒ4gcD8N6Li, c{ygw8Nw9l wMŒA8N6Lt4.
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
tE[lw5
b6r6;
s[J5
w3isoÇzb,
WxCq5
tE[¬iC6bs1mb. s9l6ysttA5, xw3Eo.
†ZDtNh4
yei6
kw`Œ8N6ymo6t9lA,
cs?4vlx6Li yei6 kw?Zi. s9l6ysttA5, tyWE
m3Î4
wXCs5t/6Lt4
nsifl1u4
x1ml6yo6ymJu4
†Z6X4LA
xroE/u
w i c3 F Q / z k x 6 t 5 t i6 n s N h 4 © 4 .
bw/s?1uJ6, xJ4b6
grD7ux6
w3ih4©2 gr6ymJ4nstz isq4 groxq8Nd9lQ4 eJdtx3Jfl[¬8•5 w[oy3j9¬8•5 rrx4ym9li. ∫{hmi5bs6 w4y¿6g6
w4b6fbsNh4Li
grD7uxaiC6bs1uJ6.
gi9M5g5
wlF3j5 iE/6g6g5
iEctQ`Ax6LA.
bsF[Jx6
b6r6;
bl÷6
xS5 s/Cs9lø8•5 hNgw8Ns2 x[AΩzb
r[oxA5
d7j4X9oxi`A6ymJ6
?1uJ6 slx1N6.
b8i6
hNu3i6 w8N6g5 u6f6∫o6t9lA. sc6bs?quJ6 mm[Z6\mµ6g6
b6®s/6etAys?Ms6g6
eg3z`Axz
∫8N
em4tQym/6
xWE?4Li
gW6©5
b6r6; w[lc3ND8•lxÇz5 gWExc3N6yJ6.
s9l6ysttA5, mw.
kb6vk5.
wMz5b
t[o4bs`Ax6Li
xyuk5.
nio‰o6ym9lt4 t[o4bs`Ax6g6 gkx8k5
wp6bsym9li.
gi9Ms5
iex3Jfl[¬8•5
rhfl[¬8•5
wlF3j5
em4bsJ6 ∫{huz wlFc6gj5 gi0JtQ9lA.
sc6bs-
∫4fx
∫8N
∫4fiz
xWE/sJ5
eg3zw6y`Ax6g6
eg3zz
N•7mΩ5.
s4W3N`AxCh4vlx3lt4
wMzA9l sxwlxa9lA si4√6X4Lt4 ˙3l
“sq3˜3u4 bdx6tPLA xF`Û1i4 e7uo6LA xKz xs9M6tMs6XC”. eg3zw6y`Ax6g6 fiAuN`Q5gu4 fi4yt5t?4Li
∫8N si4√6g6 hoZlx3mΩ5.
b3i6h6g6
gn6©5
b6r6; gnc5bstN~6Lt4 yf1m5 ej4y4f5
x?7jZD8N6y4v8iCu4
gn3FQc5bsto6Lt4
ckw2X9oxMs6gi4. s9l6ysttA5, kFWE.
ns9¬2
si4vsyE/qtA5,
gdif
emÎ-
g5g3J4
s9lE0/5; bw4fx bf4ns5tx6g5 s9lEx5
c9lˆtg5 clCstsiC6b5.
Zlx6Lt4 Wbc7mE`Q7mb ˙3l b3C6g5.
g?6
bEs2 yfx g?siC6bs˙6.
wcl1i`Û6Lt4
tJ8Nw9os6vymJ6 b3i6h3iC6bs?4g6.
b3Ex{h4
wkC/siC6b5
wMq5
b=?s9M5∫6ƒp-
vq?6g6vq6Li3j`ZsJ6
wr6Xyox6Li¬8•5.
X1i6©j5
vq?3iCw-
?4gF•5.
gryy5t5
179
ro3ˆJw5
wFflw5 ro3N3mb bwµ4 bw/sJ5.
ro`ZJ6
xa5 koxz xsˆ6t9l¬8•5 yzwizk5
W5bwo/ccystoCu ro`ZiC6bs?Ms6g6.
r9l6y3z5
r9¬tFi6 ur5gf¬ZlxDi ®No6ymgx6X5
wW4ytym9li bwµ4bw/sK6.
ua4©†5
u5tmbo1u
y3lx6
Í6vw=Fs?Ms6g6
eu6ft4nE/six6gi5 Xøy4f8k5, isF6t4f8k9l, w4yC3Jxk9l !($)DJ1i.
u6n6g6
xki[¬8•5
w4Wc6b6LA.
wWsbi[¬8•5
u6h3i6
ivQlA
wnQlA, ≈8i6t8ixEx4nz whmQlA.
r7jx5g6X1i6©u`Û6Lt4
r7jx1iC6X4gF•5.
wcl1k`Zs/Çzu4
ri6¥J6
xa5 koxz xsˆ3izk5 W5bwo/ccystoCu roziC6bs?Ms6g6.
rhox6
w3ih4¥J6 xi~6gu4 rhoxc3iC6bs?1m5
x3NoxE9lA¬8•5 xayxE9lA¬8•5 ck3l
wo6fyc3ixEx4nzi4 scsyE9lA.
f9lbi6g6
X1i6©u b6r6 scsyc6g6 yei6
d5t4y?9ox9li kNu5 d7j4ymiz f9l9lxaoÇz5. s9l6ysttA5 F=KxE.
f{nh5g6
w3ih4g6 iW6f6glxDh1i3j9¬8•5 wkQxlxDh1i3j9¬8•5
w3iJ8Nw9os6√J6
f{nh1i3∆iC6bJ6.
m8•5
b6r6; sW3Ω4f5
s9l6ysttA5 Ôi.
t1ux5
m8icoÇzb.
i4X3i6
x[lu N5t3u4 Sw5†i6 W/EJm9lA.
kx6
x3Ns2 xzJxb¬8•5 kvzb¬8•5 x3Nc∫b¬8•5,
xatc∫b¬8•5,
w9lxb¬8•5
eg3zz.
kvgZ6
g4g x3Çizi k3CsMs3if.
koxoÎ5
b6r6; g4g5 koxo6t9lQ5. s9l6ysttA5,
x4©=?.
k3C6
g4©2
WxCz.
su1ms9l
N5to1ustg5 kx6.
k3Cw5
b6r6;
w3isoÇzb
s9l6ysttA5, mw.
180
k3C6∫6goÇzb.
k3C˜6
g4©2 WxCz xi~3iƒymt9lA.
k3Co4
g4g k3Cc6t9lA.
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
WxCz.
k3Cc`Q5g6
g4g k3CFisJ8•Clx6Li ho k3Cc`Qt9lA. sc6bs?1uJ6: k3Cw5g6
ˆ`Ax6
xS5
s/C9¬8•5
r[ozi
ej[pyµ3J4Li
x1mlXl4gu4.
N/z
c7m6\c3m
bw{hmi
srs4f5
xq3CE/s?Ms6g5
xSbsNt4. wMq5 w0J3¨8N6 nNym9lt4,
wMq5 s/6vi4 xf9oo6h6ym9lt4. kNw5
wMq8i eJx3JcoCu4 eJ1u5 nNym9lt4.
xS5bs6
doym`Q9li
gW3u[¬8•5
doymΩDi c3uymiCC/6g5.
cz5∫4n6
b6r6; yei6 czbi6ns4v8io3ut9lA.
s9l6ysttA5, FKxE.
N/1ui4 g6LCsys?Ms6g6. “N/zZ”.
Nnw6g6
N5tx6
ixdx
w8N6g5
u6fcoÇz5.
sc6bs?1uJ6: ®N6rJ6
N5txoxd5
X1i6©u
ˆ5txCh1N6y/Çz5.
s9l6yst-
tA5, µ0p.
N5t0/5
b6r6; N5t5 w3isoÇzb. s9l6ysttA5,
xw3Eo.
c[Q6
xS7u4
nNymZlxE9li
wlgw8N3u5
xqi6ns9li vt÷3FoxEym9li.
c[QJ5
c[Qu
vt÷6ym9lt4
ckwoD¬/6g5
˙3l
iEF[Jx6g5, eMs0/6g5, W[AnstJ5.
wkgx6yst
c?s6
N5tx6
s6h7mEcocu
w[lo1usi s6yx6
dwiÔo6t9lA.
eJ4∫5
WD6g5 x=K6bs9lt4 eJQ/s[AJ5 w4rE1iq8k5
r4Lu
wZt9lQ5.
er6∫l1u
eJ4∫E/s[AJ5
W3D6g5;
w4ht5
r?9o3u eJ4∫E/s[AJ5 W3D6g5; x¿Mex5
ez0pi6
v7u9li
c9oiz
ez0piC6S6.
xMi4bsoCu
e3iDJ4
k3C˜6 xi~6ym9li b6nz.
c/6
sux6gDt
cs7mQx6
b6r6;
yei6bc4v8i6X9oxo6t9lA.
s9l6ysttA5, /kxE.
brX¬/6Li
wq3Ctbs˙6.
et1i6
kb6v5
W`Ax3iC6XMs`Q4vlx3mb
et1iCΩ6XMs3mbo.
cfx9Mo6g6
d0JDJ4
srsaixo3m5 g4©2 u6fz c6fyyt9lA.
k3C6 cf6y?9ox9li b6nz.
gxPLi w7u/8ix`Q7m9l ÙrPLi. wStj5
gryy5t5
181
do5b6
yM9o6ÙE9lA rxt4f5 xg6bs˙6, u6fx
yM9os[A9li. g4gu4 nNym/Ex4~i4 whmQ/s[AJ6 ryxi xyq8i5bs6 do5bcD8N3uJ5 xmD/3u[¬8•5, utC/1u[¬8•5.
d9o6
s4fy4n3u5 nNymJ6 wlc6Li wlglxCi
wf7m[Fc6Li cs7m6ftQ/s9li, sdDbs9lil,
w7usDbs9li,
ßJosDbs9lil.
wfmzb wXCz ≈6rsmtbs9li b6f7j5.
wrbsQxCu4 wf7m4n3isiC6bs9li. x0pZlxz
ur8i6ns9li
Ù6Xy4g¨PLi
bs4huz cs7m4t5t0JbsNh4Li i[MhA8•3Ôut5t0JbsNh4Lil
x9osiC6bs9lio.
dMq6yi6
sW3Ω4f5
x[l5
i4Xc5b6LQ5.
dkJ3ix6b6
dkZlx6t9lA
WctQ/6 Gf/4b6H
ye8ˆD5
b6r6;
yei6
n6rc5b4v8ioÇz5
w[lo1usi. s9l6ysttA5, /8kxE.
y6rt6g5
s4W3i6∫6gDuoCu4 s4WDygc3ui4 n4fwoExCu4 y6rt3iC6XMs6g5. GbflA wonW
ß5g?s2 Bw3F Xix9l si4√q4.H
y6r5g6
wµkx6g6 kNu9¬8•5 sux3u9¬8•5.
hNu3i6
dMw6X9oxt9lQ5
N5tx6 u6f6∫Çi4ymo6g6. N5txFi6
nw9o6gJ6
k6vz4vslx6g6 rhoEQx6X`QPLi
WctQ/sJm`Qt9lA
dg6©4
s9lE0/5; s9lEx5 tnm5 ≈6r4ymiq5tA5
˙3l d©4 m3Î4. sc6bs?1uJ6 dg3Ô4
∂∫
wpÇ6Lt4 w`Q6bs?Ms6g6 wp6¥9lt4
ˆnw`QÛ6Lt[o, GbflA won„ ß5g?s2
w`Q6bq8i πi nw7mwÔ2 ttCsyE/q8iH
d4gCs†4
d4gCw/0/w4f†4 c3ov9˜1k5
¥6fw5 xt5txz˚z9lt4.
eM4ym9lt4
yf{n/
sc6bs?1uJ6 dx/s5 Xi6t8NA
Xi6t9lA r9o6ystQ/s?1if.
182
yˆoymJ5
x3?ZhQx6g5
g?6bchz6t9lA
ho
tr2X1i3mb yˆziysgw8No6Lt4 kNo5g8N`Q8Nu4 g?3j5 yˆoymiC6bs?1i3mb
ho.
n[ZÎ5
b6r6; g4g5 u6fq5
s9l6ysttA5 JMw.
~5gf¬oÇzb.
nr
sw9¬8•5 kox9¬8•5 xzJ6√q4b Nox4
Gbm3u4 nrQ1mQ4H x7ml xzJ6√q4b
cb`Atq5,
w9lq9l,
x3Nctq9l,
xatctq9l.
nrx5tx4
s9lE0/5; vt`ZJx¬6ƒpJ5 nrxa6ƒpo6ym9lt4. c9lˆg5 Pleiades.
nrx6
xabsAi koxzb
swzb N/q5.
w8N3i4 xW6hc5b3i6 WQxDt5
xiq5,
x3NsAi
niCD9o6
N5tx6 u6f6∫6ymoClx6Li niC3uA5 ho
u6f6∫Çi4ym`Q5g6
n=FPI6Ù
slEx6~EJmj5 nF1u4 tAyJ6.
NlNwDm/C:
∫4fx
ttC6X9oxNh4LQ5
Nlo6bcÇzm
bM6
t[Ax9M/MsC4f
izsDlZ xWEixDmj5. xW6hZ4nc6ƒpJ8•6ymt9lz wmDw5©ctm wu9 wmDw5©2
wvJD8NMs3mz d/8N¨2XC.
gryy5t5
183
1