BEING THE LATEST, AND MOST

ACCURATE DESCRIPTION
O F T H E
EVV WORLD
CONTAIKIKG
The O^igi^^l of the Inhabitants, and the Remarkable y oyages thither.
THECONQJIESTOFTHEVAST
E MP I R E

O F

kJ

Mexico and Peru ^

AND OTHER LARGE
PROVINCES and TERRITORIES
WITH THE SEYEKAL EUliOfEAU

V L A N T A T I O
IN THOSE PART S.
ALS O
'Their Cities 5 Fortrefles, Towns ,, Temples.,
Mountains, and Rivers.
Their Habits^ Cultoms, Manners, and Religions,
Their Plants, Beafts, Birds, and Serpents.
WITH
An AT T E 3^V I X, containing, befides feveral other confiderable
Additions^ a brief Survey of what hath been difcover'd of the
VnknoTpn Somh^Land and the aArBicI^ %jgion.

Colleded from mpft Authentick Authors, Augmented with later

Obfervations, and
Adorn'd with Maps and Sculptures, by J HH G JL S } Efq-, His
yi^)z9ifs Qofmografhr^Giogra^hukfrmter,^^^
in the Kingdom of I %^'E L A H^ D^

L ^ :K2,
Printed by the Author, and are to be had at his Houfe in
White Fryers, M Q L XXL

THE

CONTENTS
of the feveral
C H A P T E R S and S E C T I O N S/

The firft Book:

AMerica unknown to the Ancients Fol. i

Of the Original of the Americans ^ iphence
they came, when^ hott?^ and from what
9eople flanted n
Firft iifcoyerers of America, with Chriflopher Colonus his Expedition 43
Pedro Alphonfo Nigno his Voyage 56
The Voyage 0/ Vincent Agnes Pinzon 58
The Expedition of Amcricus Vefputius 60
The Expedition of Aliphonfo Fogeda, Diego
Kicuefa, Ancifus^ and Roderick Col^
mcnares ^5
Peter Arias his Expedition, and the remarh
able faffages 0/ Vafcus Nunnez 69
The Expedition of Francifco Fernandez,
Lupo Caizedo, Chriftophero Morantes, Bernardo Igniguez, and Juan
Grifalva 7^
The Expedition of Ferdinand Magaglian,
commonly caWd Magellan 79
Ferdinando Cortez his Voyage. 81
Diego Gottierez his Expedition 91

The Expedition of Pedro Alvarado, Francifco and Gonzalvo PizarrOj<jJ Diego

de Almagro 95
The Expeditions of John Stade and Nicholas Durando Villegagnon i oj
The Expedition of John Ribald, Rcnatus
Laudonier, and Gurgic 105
Four Englifli Expeditions, under the Command
of our famous Sea-Qaptains, Martin Forbiflicr, Sir Francis Drake, Thomas
Candifli, 4w^ John Smith 108
J Netherland Expedition, by Jaques Mahu
dwJ Simon dc Cordes no
The Expedition of Oliver van Noord 11 3
The Expedition of George van Spilbergen 115

The Expedition of Cornelifzoon Schouten

4Wi/ Jacob Le Maire 117
The Voyage o/f/^^Naflavian Fleet, under the
Command of Jaques le Heremite and
Hugo Schapenham , 120
Henry Brewer his Voyage iiz

The Second Book.

F the bounds of America, and of the I New England 139
Divifion of the Mexican, or Nor" New Netherland, no^ caWd New York
168
J[ new Defcription of Mary-Land 185
Virginia 19^
The ^lation of Qaptain Smith'i being taken
^rifoner by 1? owha.ta,n, and his deltyerance
hy his Daughter VoQ3,\iOVii2i, 202
Carolina

them part thereof

Fol.
125
Eftotiland

126
Terra Laboratoris.

128
Canada, or New France

129
Accadia, or Nova Scotia

13^
Norumbegua

138

T HE C ON T ENT S.
Carolina
205
Porto Rico^ and Monico
Florida
213
Cuba
Jucacan
222

Jamaica
Guatimala
224
The Iflands call'd The Lucaies
Vera Paz
227
The Caribbee-Iflands
Honduras
229
Anegada W Sombrero
Nicaragua
232
Las Virgincs
Coftarica
^35
Anguilla
Veragua
ibid.
Saba

Guatimala, propi
'.rlyfo call'd ibid.
St. Crux
The F^ngdom of
Mexico, or New Spain
St. Martin

238
St. Bartholomew
Mechoacati
261
Barboude
Tlafcalla
264
Rotonda
Guaxata
268
Nevis
Panuco

270
Euftathius
Tabafco
273
Antego
New Gallicia
281
Montferrat
Guadalajara
284
Guadalupe
Xalif^o
285
Defeado
Chiametla
ibid.
Marigalantc
Couliacan
2U

Todos San(5tos
Cinoloa
288
DcAves
Zacatecas
28p
Dominico
New Bifcay^
2pO
Martinico
New Mexico
201
St. Lucia
Cibola , Tontonteac, and Nova GraBarbados
nada
298
St. Vincent
Quivira

301
Bekia
Terra Nova, or
New-found Land, "n^ith
Granada
the IJland of Af^umftion 304
Tabago
'ihe Bermudas, or
Summer.Iflands 311
St. Chriftophers
Hifpaniola
3H
California

The Third Book.

/^AftellaAure
V^ Firma
:a, otherwife call'd Terra
Cufco
3^4

Los Charcas
Panama
395
Collao
Darien
399
Chile
New Andaluzia
400
Chile, properly fo call'd
St. Martha.
403
Magellanica
Rio de la Hacha
405
Paraguay, or Rio de la Plata
New Granada
406^
Rio de la Plata, properly fo call'd

Granada
408 i '
Tucuman
Popayana
409
La Crux de Sierra
Peru
412 ]
Brafile
Quito
441 .
St. Vincent
Los Quixos
446 Rio de Janeiro
Lima
450
De Spirito Santo

327
331

337
344
34J
^6z
ibid.
364
ibid.
367
3(S8
ibid.'
ibid.
369
370
ibido
371
37^
ibid.
375
ibid.
375
376
377,
ibid.
380
381
ibid.
381
3H
389

456
462
466

471
472
473
475
ibid.
477
ibid.
49J
497
Porto

A Catalogue of the Authors, which are either mentioii'd, or

made ufe of irt this Volume of America.

Graham Melllntd
^ Abraham Myl'tm
Adrtaen yander Donk
uElian
jilhertm Magnus
Aldrete
JBUiii Lampridim
Alexander Aphrodienjis
Alexander ah Mexandro
Alexander Guagmus
Alonfo Garcia
jilonfo de OuagU
Andrdos defarienjls
jingrin Jonas
Antonio de Herrera
Aj^uleim
Arijlonicus Grammaticm
Arijlotle
Athanafius IQrcher ,
Jugujlinus
Augujim de Tarcate
Augujius Tbuanus
Ayton of Armenia
^akha:^ar de Ami;^quita
!Barnaba Caho
^artholomao de las Cafas
benjamin Tudaknfis
Cafpar 'BarUm
C aft aid m

Charles ^chfort
ChriHopher Arcijfeuski
Cicero
Claude de Abbeville
Clemens Alexandrtnm
Conrad us Gefner
Cornelim IS^epos
Cornelius Wit fleet
Ctefias
Curtius
Qrianus
T>aVtd Ingran
t>aVtd foml
Diodorus Siculus

Dionyjlus Halicarnajfdus
Dirk ^iters
Vithmar 'Blefken
Duarte Mende^ Seraon
Egydius Fletcher
Emanuel de Morae^
Erafmus Stella
Erick %oothaer
Everhard ^id
Eufehius
Euthymius Zibagerius
Feftus AVtenus
Francifc, 'Burmannus
Francifc, Delapuente
Francifc, de Gomara
Francifc. Lopes de Gomefa
Francifc* ^phelingiusm
Francifc. Soare:^
Francifc, Tirolmonts
Francifc, Xayerius
Fullerus
Galenus
Garcilajfo de la Vega
Genehrardus
Gerardus Joannes Voj^ius
Guido de Bre;^
Guilielm. Tifo

Guilielm, Tojiellus
Fiarmannus Moded
Henrick Haelbos
Fienrick Hawks
Hernando de Leon
Herodotus
Hefychius
Hieronim. Ben^
Hieromjn. Cardanus
Homer
Hugo Grotius
Hugo Linfchot
Jacob Bontius
Jacob Tlanenfls
Jacob %abbi
Inca Garcilajfo
A 2

'\

Joannes

I^

mtm

Th,

Joannes Ardenoh
Joannes 'Bertius
Joannes Qhilton
Joannes Gyfius
Joannes Johnjlonus
Jean de Laet
Joannes de Ledefma
Joannes LeonclaVms
Joannes Levy
Joa?ines Mariana
Joannes ISlieuwhof
Joan. "Van de Sande
Jofeph, Jcojia
Jofeph, Jnchieta
Jofeph, ScaUger
j/aacus Tontanus
Ifaac. du Verne
Ijldorus Mendes Sequera
Julius Cdfar
Julius defar ScaUger
L^Sianttus
Lauren, Jnanias
Lauren* 'Bikker
Lauren. Guafcus Gerafcius
Lauren, jt^ymis
LeVmus Lemmius
LieVen Ai:^ma
Lopezy^iK.
Lucan
Lucretius
Lodowick Leo
Lyfander
Manethon Terfa
Marcus Zeno
Martin del Bar CO
Martin Tere;^
Matthicus Van den Broeke
Matthiolus
MelcJ?ior Soiterus

Mich, Lithowcr
MfchoVms

Names of the Authors.

Miles philips

Mofes
"Nicolaus Zeno
Olympiodorus
^aulus Venetus
^edro de Ancieta
Tedro ^i:^arro
Tedro Fernaftde:?;^ de ^ir
^edro Maria
Teter Martyr
Tedro Ordonnes de CeVallos
Teter Van Gendt
Wtlo JudiSus
^hilippus Cluyerius
Wtlippus Morndus
^hylarchus
^iere Moreau
Tinedas
^lato
Tliny
flutarch
^^mponius Mela
Orceins

^rocopius
Quarterius
%abbi Simeon
^hertus Qomt^^us
Sam* Turchas
Sehajliaen Schroten
Simplicius
Saluji
Sigifmond Baro
Strabo
Theodojio
Tbeopompus
Theyet
Tertullian
Trigaut
Vegetius
Virgil

THE

**

THE CO
Porto Seguro 49^
Los Ifleos V . 501
Bahia de Todos los Sandos 502
Pcrnambuco 55
Parayba 5^
Maragnan 5^^

The Lordjhip Tatnarica, Rio Grande,

Siara, dw^ Para 517
'j (I(elation of the froceedings of the Netherland Weft-India Comfany in Brafile, to
the Tear 1658. 518
The Journey of Rodulphus Baron, Vtth the
Defcr'iption of the Qufioms and Manners of
r/;eTapuyans 5p5
Grave Maurice his Jccomt of Brafilc, /o
far as it concern d the WcftIndia Qom

N T E N-T S.
pany ^ <^oo
The Qomcellor Duflen'i ^latiori of fo much
of Brafile as concern d the WeftJndia
Company 601
A Vefcription of the Talace Prey burgh, two
Bridges J and a Banquetting-houfej all built
hy Grave Maurice 605
Guiana 6oy
A Relation of the Journey of Francifcd
Orellana ibid.
Paria, or New Andaluiia 620
Cumana 611
Venezuela 614
The Ijlands Margareca , Cubagua, and
Coche 617
Of the Iflands of Southern America ^28

In the Appendix.

Rio de la Plata Fol. ^^31

Chili <^34
A View of the Chilefian Language 635
Magellanica ^A9
The Unknown South^Land 653
Terra Boreaiis , or The Ardick Region ^01

Several Attempts for the difcdVery of the

North- Weft Paftaae 672
A brief View of what f laces are pojfef'd at
this day in the Weft-Indies, by the Englifli, Spaniards, French, Portuguefe,
a}id Dutch 674

5i*ia4'

Chap.

m.^

by.
lefs

ftand in the leall degree of competition with our ii.

B

T"S"

^^--i

i j. . --^i^sis

i W ^^^f-J '^-^- 1

^^^^^kJfhi '^^
1
i*|-|

'OlTi the Difcript'on of the Ocean,

the dry
g Bays,
here Co
bannel,
again,
rnenfe,
1 to the
of the
td, are

Tj hath

, who
I cleat

'i'o ob3 find

tterly
"ither
made

'A^n'd "^^^ Ancients had tittle

knowledge i Navigation,

. _-...^.v,cio tii^u Ignorant cd xi^ng iviantim Affairs, and are not

fit to
iland in the leaft degree of competition with our later Voyagers.
B

^ p , 1 Ai

Chap. I.

A H

ACCURATE DESCRIPTION

CHAP. I.
America - unsown to the (L/fntiems,
HE Sea, that takes feveral Denominations from the DifaiptionofiheOcean.
Countreys which it waflieth, and furrounding the dry
Land , cuts out , and fliapes fo many winding Bays,
Creeks^ and Meandring In-lets, feems no where fo
much confined and penn'd into fo narrow a Channel,
as the Straights of Magellan : From whence again,
foon expatiating , it fpreads it felf into two immenfe,
and almofi: boundlefs Oceans, that which opens to the
North, gives terminaries to the four Regions of the
Earth ; that to the South, onely to JJta and Jmerka ,. both which,
indeed, are
..%ut one continued Sea, extending it felf round the Univerfal Globe,
This watry part of the World, that almofi through all Ages lay Fallow,
hath \
in thefe later times been Furrow'd by feveral Expert and Scout Captains,
who
now by their Art and Induftry, have given a good Account of, and made
clear ,
Difcoveries from Eaft to Weft, where-ever the Sun rifes or fees.
The Northern Bounds under the Artick-Zone , have been hitherto fo obftru6ted with Ice, that the undertakings of fuch as adventured either to
find
by the North-Eaft or North-Weft a Paftage to India , have been utterly
fruftrate. Of the Southern, no fuch pains hath as yet been taken in the
Dilco^
very , fo that for the moft part it is yet unknown how far the Water ,
either
deep or fhallow, overfpreads the Earth, onely thus much Experience hath
made
out, that the jntartkk needs lefler Line to Fathom, than the ArtkkOcean,
The antient Greeks j^henkians^znd Romans ^ or whofoever that were
Renown'd The Ancients had litdc
lA-- JT-n.1-1 1 r t n knowledge in NavigatiQn,
by Antiquity, and Lilted in the number ot their famous Navicrators, were
n,o
lefs Timerous than Ignorant concerning Maritim Affairs , and are not fit
to
ftand in the leaft degree of competition with our later Voyagers.
B '

Navigation is veiy ancieiK-

Geegra^h. lib. i.

Hi/}.Kat.Yih.lX3.'^.6:

"Vltima 2^;/e,fuppos'(l by
fome to be Lelnnd, Vide
Georgic.

1 he Voyage oiHnnno.
OiEudoxus, Strah.\.z^

Strange Voyage of fome

Indians.

Of Menehus.

<Ul M E%I C A. Chap.

OFoldj by an inviolable Law, made by Ciiilom, according to ^/wj,
Vi^ethis
and ochers, the Sea was lock'd up^, from the eleventh o^ October ^ to
the tenth of
March J no Ships daring to venture forth^ dreading fhort Nights, and
foul Weather j neither in Summer, did they fo much as once offer, unlefs driven
by
Storms 5 to attempt the Ojfm, or loofe fight of Land 3 yet there is no
queflion,
but that feveral Nations in former Ages, made it their buhnefs, ipending
their
whole time, and wearying themfelves in the Practical Art of Navigation.
The Sacred Scripture teflifies , That the Kings of Judea, Solomony
Jehofaphat,
O^mj and others , prepared feveral Fleets that Sail'd through remote
Seas_,
freighting themfelves with Gold from Op/;ir , and other Rarities, which
were
Imported to fupply and enrich the Holy^Land. And Strabo alfo tells us ^
That

K'mgSolomon being contemporary with HomeVy then difcover'd India. And

Wny
relates^That the ^oymnsj in the Reign o^ AuguJluSj pafling the Straights
of Gibraltar y
and fleighting the Nc plus ultra, Coafted Spam.,Frunce.^2Lnd 'Belgium
Ac2.\ ing notac
the Promontory of the C'mbrlans (now call'd Shager-^jj ) but alfo
ventur'd into the Northern Ocean , which waflies Norwey and Lapland : But long
before
this , as Jthen<us relates , ^hlka^ Taurommtes , a Greciaji Captain ,
and feveral
others pafs'd the Herculean-Tillarsj penetrating the Northern Seas as
far as 'Brit*
tain, and adventuring, made the firfl: Difcovery of Thule : And to the
Southward the ^ric^?2 Coafts without Gibraltar y and beyond Jtlas, were now
and
then explor'd by feveral expert Captains. But more remarkable is the
Voyage
of Hanno a Carthaginian , who out-fail'd thefe , and infpedVed the
Coafts of
jifrica-^ as far as the Gorgades : And Eudoxm Cy^icenuSj flying from
King Lathyrus,
fet Sail from the Arabian Gulph, and pajling the Great^Cape,, came to an
Anchor
at laft in the Mouth of Gibraltar, having difcover'd all the Eaftern,
Southern,
and Weilern parts o[ Africa.
Moreover, it deferves fpecial obfervation , That an antient STt>edtfi
King, as
Cornelius JS^epos relates, fent as a Rarity and great Prefent to the
\oman Conful
Metellus Celer j fome Indians ^ who loofing their courfe, hatter'd up
and down
with perpetual Storms and ftrefs of Weather, were at laft driven into
the Northern Ocean, where they fuffer'd Shipv^rack 5 yet faving themfelves,
Landed
on his Coafl: Arijlonicus Grdmaticus relates, That Menelaus Sailing from
the Sack,
o^ Troy J became fo great a Voyagjer, that leaving the Straights, he
furrounded
Africa, and dilcovering Ii/rf, after eight years re-meafuring the fame
way he
went, returned with great Riches in fafety to his own Kingdom: Which is
confentaneous to Homer, who faith,. O^j^//". 1. 4.

None mufl compare

Manfions with Jove, hi^ Seats Celeftial are :
But with fne any may, ivho eight years toft
Through Worlds of Miferies from Coafl to Coafl,
'MongH unknown Seas, of my %eturn fmall hope,

Cyprus, Phoenicia, /Egypt, ^'^^ JEthio^c,

Sidon, Erembosyo72ii, and Lybia, lt)here

'"H'Tdj <^^->) /3g/Tcyj/ >t oLviii s^A^oi.

Avo'poov d" r]VAv Tis fj^L e^AC^eloci ve, ^[gA ayu

K.oii Ki^vufj, iva. T ccj}veu ce.(pap vji^o\ ^nAsQiiaif

Their La}?ibs are horn d. their Ews teem thrice a year. ^ > x 1^ -^ , /
^ , ^,
' -^ 1 ^s 'yap Tix^lGi ju/ifiAcc 'nAev(poQ;n' as evicc-vioy.
(J) The Comment.itors on Homer h.ive been very inqtiifitivc to find out
Mtnelata Voyage into t/ftlnopia. Crates fuppos'd that he pafs'd out at
xhs Straights^
iloublcd the Southern C'/rpe, and fo arnvd thidi r. -Eyatejihcucs
coiijefturcs , that in the time of Homer the Straights Mouth was an
Ifthmus , and the ^lyptiatt
Illhniusoverflow'd by the Sea, \vhch allordcdhim a fliorter paffage. But
that is moll probable which Sf r-tZ-o delivers, thnt he then went to the
borders of ^V/^/o*w,
when he pafs'd up Rgyft to the City of ? heles ; the Bordei s of ^thiopa
bi ing not far dilLint from thence in Strah's tjme, probably very neai'
it iii Htmer's,
That

wjSii.

"5
4

. ilct-.uiliable Voyage cj

OiFtolomy iiuo Iniia,

And alfo of Ckopatts,

Cliap. L ^ ^[ M E%I A,
Thac whicfi the Grecian Geographers relate concerning ^tolonvj
Eucr<retes'^
King of E^^t , is non to be forgotten , That fending Pilots^
Cornmiirion'd
to take the Soundings, and fettle the Land^marks in the Arahtah Gulph^
they
found by chance a forfaken Veflel ;, onely in it one Man half dead ;,
lyine
;^mong feveral other breathlefs Bodies, of whom, being refrefh'd with
convenient Cordials, they enquired his Fortune, but he being unable to give
them
any prefent fatisfa5tion, neither underftanding what the other faid ,
they fenc
him to the Court, where foon having got a fmattcring of Greek, he
informed
Euergetesy that he was a Native Indian , driven from their courfe into
the place
where they found himbyftrefsofWeather;,and that his company were
famifh'd,
all their Provifion fpent in theit Watidrings from their intended
Voya(7e. Thus
being kindly entertain'd, he alfo promised the King to open his
Pairage(if fo he
pleas'd) into India. The King flept not upon this Intelligence, but
immediately
prepared a Fleet Freighted with fuch Commodities as were advis'd j with
which
fetting forth by the Condud of this their Indian Pilot , they Anchored
in their
deiir'd Port, and brought the King in return from thence a rich Cargo of
Silk,
Spices, coftly Drugs, and precious Gems. Cleopatra, about fixty years
after,
intending not to lofe the advantages reap'd by the former difcoveries,
equipped
another and greater Navy ; which pafling through the Red^Sca , found the
Stern of a Ship, on which was Prefented a Horfe, whereby fome of the
more
knowing Sea-men judged, that it had been a Gibraltar VefTel, and
Sailincr about
Jfrica, there by fad accident fuffer'd a Wrack. This Stern was
afterwards fet up^
and fix'd as a Memorial in the Market-place o Memphis.
In thefe later times , the firft that endeavored to drive an European
Trade
in Jfrick , and held Commerce with India , was the State of Fenice , who
Saird from thence through the Jdriatick, into the Mediterranean-Sea : So
' r j1 J- 1 11- 1 1 r ""^^ '"'^^'' ^'^^^^ ^ trade
Steermg ror Alexandrta, where unladmg their Goods, from thence they

carry'd ^'"' ^"'o^' ^" ^^^ ^"J^them over Land , and Shipping again in the Arabian Gulph, Sailed diredly
for India, Thus by Land and Water , were exchanged feveral Commodities,
and the Indian Growth and rich Produds of the Oriental World plentifully
Tranfported to Fenice, and from thence , all Europe had ample Accommodation, until an Egyptian Sultan fuffer'd the Way to be infefted by
Thieves
and Murdering Robbers , that fo they were enforced to remove thence,
Q.nd Difcharge their feveral Cargoes at Aleppo j from whence, on Mules
and
Camels, they carry 'd their Goods to Babylon, To to Balfarum, and then
to ,
Ormus, where they Re-fhip'd thence, diredly Handing for hdia.
Thus they enjoy'd the benefit of fo great a Tra'de and Commerce, until
the
^ortuguefe found a Paflage by Sea, faving the Expence and trouble of
carrying
Goods fo far by Land to India j Of which here we will a little inlarge.
John, the firft King of Portugal, who took from the Moors, by force
of ..^IjL'S^fa^^^^
Arms, Septa, an African City, having five Sons j Henry his fourth
behav'd himfelf Si'^'^^'"'"^^
fo gallantly in the Leaguer of Septa , that after he became Mafter of
the place^
this Prince made many bold Excurfions in feveral Parties againft the
Enemy, bringing in daily great ftorc of Booty fo growing rich , he Rigg'd
out
two new Vefifels to make farther Difcoveries along the Coaft of Africa,
Yec
this his Expedition went on but flowly, being much taken off in Building
there a new City , then call'd Tar;^anahala , and fince Villa Infantis
but being
Admonifh'd by a Dream, and Check'd for his laying thus afide his firft
De
fign of Navigation ; he foon after, An?io 1410. fet forth the Ships that
he inten*
dcdj which he the more accelerated , being informed by fome of his
Prifoners
B z NativeS;,

The Venetians were the

firii that drove a trade

How they went their

journeys.

ricfs 3-nc4

'iA M E%1 C A.

CI:

ap<

Who fini vemui'J into

the (?/;.

Madtr*s, by whom peo

pled.

By whom Gcnny was difcover'd

Natives , that Jfrka fpread from the Bafis of cMount-Atlas , very far
towards
xkSliS!^"'''"^" the South : This Mountain then was the Terminary of
Navigation that way,
becaufe thereabouts a long Ridge or Shelf of Sands thrufl its Point
under
Shallow Waters fo far out into the Ocean , that none durft venture to
Sail into the Ofm, being out of fight of Land to double this concealed Cape.
The firfl that attempted to find Deep Water , and get round about discovering feveral unknown Coafts, and Uninhabited Ifles belonging to that
Region^ were Joannes Gonfahes, Trijlan ^arfem, and /Egidim Jmiim j
amonsH
which were the Madera's j and St, George de ficho, which Prince Henry
firft
Planted with fortuguefe , and others fince with Netherlander s. He alfo
obtained
a Grant from Pope Martin the Fifth, of all the difcover'd Territories

Eaft-ward
from the Canaries, for ever to be the undoubted Right , and belon^ina to
the
Crown o^ Portugal.
Kktt Henrys Deceafe, Anno 1460. the bufinefs of Navigation and Difcoveries of new Countreys, laynegleded, becaufe King Jlphonfo turmoyl'd in a
Civil War ;, his Crown being at ftake , had not leifure to think or look
after
uncertain improvements by Sea 5 yet at laft having quell'd his Enemies ,
he
ventured forth fome Ships, who Sail'd as far as the River Zenaga, and
came ta
Anchor before the City of Gen?iy , famous fince for Trade , which gave
its de*
nomination to the Countrey and Coafts of Guhiy, where they dealing,
Bartered
for Ivory, Gold, Slaves, and alfo got fo much footing into the Countrey,
that
they fuddenly rais'd up a Fort, and Man'd it with a ftrong Garrifon,
Shippinotheir Slaves for Lisbon.
John the Second fucceeding his Father Jlphonfo , had a great defign upon
Jra-^
hta and India , and if pofTible , was ambitious to open a PafTage from
the Atlan<t
ticky to the Oriental-Seas., But the difficulty lay in Steering fo often
from fight
of Land, venturing into the Main Ocean, obfl:ru6ted by fi^ many
dangerous
Shoals that lay fo far out into the Offtn.
At that time fiourifh'd three famous Mathematician,(2^W^ndJo/^j;/?3and
Mar^tin 'Bohemus , Pupils bred up by Joannes Monteregiiu 5 with which the
King
confulting, perfwaded, that they would by their Art invent fome
Inftrumenty
that by Southern Confi:ellation, the Pole being deprefs'd, the Navigator
might
know where he was, and in what height ; fo gueifing what difi:ance they
were
from this or that Countrey 5 they accordingly Club'd Learning, and by
their
great Study, found out what fince hath prov'd fo ufeful and beneficial
to Seamen, the Afirolahe j which help having obtained, the Sailers encourag'd,
more
frequently ventured into remote and unknown Seas.
After thefe, K.m<^John oifortugal fent Jaques Cano with a Fleet, who
SaiiingjJ
found the River Zaires , where he ere45led a Pillar with an Infcription,
Latin
and Tortuguefej^i'^m^y'mo by whom, and in what Kings Reign thefe African
Coafts

were difcover'd : Here he alfo met fome'of the Natives , who more
civiliz'd
than the refl: , told him , That they had a mighty King, who Raignina
over
them , kept his Court fome few days Journey up in the Countrey , to whom
Cano lending his Agents^ detained four y^/nV^5 as Pledges, which he
carry'd
with their free confent to "Po/t/z^ci/, promifing to brincr them back in
fifteen
Months, who before that time having got fome fmatterings of their
Tongue,'
rvcim.k.bic paiT-i-e of iufotm'd them, that their Native Soyl was call'd
Conoio^ whither returning bv
the appointed time, they were according to their agreement, exchang'd
for the
^ortuguefe^^nd Cano addrefs'd himi"clf with rich Prefents to their
King,whom he
found fitting in their manner on an Ivory Throne ^ being from the middle
upward

For the Northern Cor.fldlauon the Afirelabe was

in ak long bctore.

Chap.

^I M ERIC A.

i
iicorer}' olQongh

dslcovci' /m4( by waterj

V.'ifiHs de GAnm his eg-*

pedition.

Chriflopher Cotunthnitl

Divitling of the earth,'

ward Naked, hh nether parts covered wich long Silken Skirts, & Gcid^n
Artn^
let on his left Arm, athwart his Shoulders hung a Hories Tail, their
Badge oF
Royal Dignity : Cuno humbly laid the Prefents down at the Kings
Feet,amongfi:
which was a Gilded Flag , or Pennon with a Crofs , which Pope Innocent
the
Eighth had Confecrated with great Ceremony. After this , many of that
Na^
tion became Chriftians , and the King himfelf received Baptilln. But in
Oiort:
time, by the Inftigations of their Diabolical Priefts, and others,
Chriflianity loofmg ground, grew out of countenance : Mean while;, King Jo/;?z the
Second vigoroufly Profecuted the bufinefs of Difcovery, fending Jems and
Chiu
ftians by Land from Alexandria and other parts o^ E^ypt to 7?/Jw,and
from thence
to explore the Coails on the Eaflern fide o^ Africa, to the Great-Cape ;
if fo a way
might be found fit for Navigators, having doubled that Pointy to
Traffick with
the Oriental parts of the World.
After this Princes Death the Work lay ftill a while, but in Oiort time,
Kina
Emamielhis Succeflbr freOiIy undertook the bufinefs once more, fending
faf^ues
Gama with four Ships, who pa/Ting through many Dangers with great
Difficult
ties. Anchored at lafi before Cakcut:, and was the firfl:, of the
Europeans that found
a way to the Eajl-Indies.
But Qbriftopher Columbus, five Years before Gamas Expedition to the
Eaft, had
been employed in Welkrn Difcoveries, which prov'd fo very fuccefsful,
that
lie found no lefs than another World ; which foon after , from Americus
Vej^atins, was calFd Jmerica : So that the Divifion of the World by the
Antients
(concerning which they had fo long err'd^, and were utterly m'iftaken j
was
now made manifeft by Experience, and undifputable Demonftration for
formerly the whole World was known by no other names than Afia, Jfrica,
and Europe, but now, thofe three are found to make but one Part of what
in*
circles the Univerfal Globe j becaufe in the South lies a fecond, known
no fur
ther than by its Coaftings and Superficial Margents j the third part
being the
New;= World, our America.

Here it will not feem amifs , having provM that Africa was more than
Coafted by the Ancients, to ingage and fearch ivith fome fcrutiny
concern,
ing this America Firft , Whether at any time 'twas known by the Ancients ? And next , by what People , and when firft Inhabited ? About the
former, the Learned of thefe later times Jangle amongft themfelves , for
fome of them will needs afcribe fo much Honor to Antiquity , declining
the
;Worthy Praife of thofe that made fo wonderful a Difcovery, as if they
of old,
and many Ages before, had done the fame, or at leaft, that this
New*World to
them was not unknown, maintaining this their bold Aifertion from the Au^
thority of what they find , both in Ancient Greek , and Latin Authors :
Firfl;,
efpecially in the Learned ^/.ifa, who, as you know at large, defcribesa
New ^IL'^t'* ^^''""''''^'
Atlantis, lying beyond the Straights of Gibraltar j whofe Coail is
furrounded with
two vafl Seas that are Sow'd thick with fcatter'd Iflands. By thefe Seas
they
underftand the Atlantiek and Southern^Sea, by the many Ifles, Cuba,
Hirpaniola,
Jamaica, California, and others, which lie fprinkled along the Coafts o
America o
But it cannot be made out, that (p/^.to defcribes ought but a Fancy, his
own
Idea, not a Countrey that ever was, is, or fliall be,though he fets it
forth fo Accurately, and with fuch Judgment,as if he had taken a Survey of the
place, and
found fuch a Land indeed.
In like manner, DiodorM Siculus undertakes to prOve,That America was
known
to the Antients j telling a Story , how the fhenicians were driven by a
Storm
from

4
4

A query :^ UJmenca vCis

Known to the Ai^cients,

pied, Sif. lib. S.

AriflM Mirandit In datura anihif.

cc

^neid. lib. 5.'

^A M E R 1 C A. Chap. I.
from the Coafls of ^ncd Weft-ward, falling a: laft upon a great and
akoge*
ther unknown Ifland, which our late Expoficors take for America -^ Muft
it
therefore be fo ? Surely not, for it is onely a bare Story, v/ithout any
Proof or
the leaft Teftimony. They endeavor to ra^kt Artjlotk bolfter up their
opinion
that he had a knowledge of this New-World, which with no fmall pains
they
pump from thefe Words : ^^ Beyond the Herculean Pillars , certain
Qarthannim
*' Merchants penetrated the Atlantick Ocean fo far _, that at laft they
found a
vaft, yet un-inhabited Ifland, producing nothing but Herbage, Plants,
and
Wild=Beafts, yet interlac'd with many Meandring Rivers, abounding with
" feveral forts of Fifh, lying fome days Sail from the Continent^ they
Landing^
** found a Soyl fo fertile, and Air fo temperate, that there they
fetled, and were
'^ the firft Planters of that Ifle. But the Carthaginians having
intelligence thereof,
" Prohibited all Perfons whatfoever, upon Pain of Death, to go thither,
fear*
*' ing the place being fo much commended ;, all the People would be
ready
'^ to flock thither , and defert their own , and fo utterly unfurnifh
and debili-

" tate their then growing Common-wealth;

But how could the Carthaginians find America , without the ufe of the
Compafs I How happened it, that they were fo taken with the fertility of
this their
New'found-Land, when the Adjacent Countreys and Fields about Carthage
are
every where Flourifhing, and moft Luxurious ? So that it may better be
fuppos'd, that what Arijlotle found fo long fince, may rather be the
Canary^IJles, or
Great'!Brittain, than America. The Creeks having then alfo made fome
Infjpei^tion
into the ^rittijh-ljjes. They Would alfo make you believe, that Virgil
the Prince
of Latin PoetS;, had known the New- World in thefe Verfes 5 ^?icid. lib.
6,

T?;^re, there^s the Prince ^ oft promised m before^

Divine Auguftus Caefar, "jb/;o once more
Shall Golden Days bring to t//Aufonian Land^
IQngdoms that once old Saturn Jii command^
Andjhail His power to India extend^
beyond the Annual Circle, and beyond
77;e Suns long ^rogrefs^'i^here great Atlas hears.
Laden with Golden Stars, the glittering Sphears

Hicvir, hie eft, tibi quenx promitti faspius audis,

Auguftus Cicfary divum genus, aurea condet
Stecula,qui rurfus Latio, rcgnata per arva
Saturno quondam, fuper dc Garamantas 8c Indos
Proferet imperium. Jacet extra iidera tellus.
Extra ajini Solifque vias, ubi coelifer Atlas
Axem humero torquet ftellis ardentibus aptum.

Amtrie was not known

to the Ancients.

IttUaHt. l.j.c- 54;

But what of all this ^ Who finds in any of thefe Writings, any Marks of
America, or the leaft Defcription thereof? Though we cannot deny that
the
Antient Sages and Wife Philofophers of former times might eafily make
out,
and no queftion did,that the Earth and Sea made the perfed Figure of a

Globe *
firft from the round Shadow of the Earth that Ecclipfes the Moon 5 the
different Rifings and Settings of the Celeftial Luminaries 5 and the ftill
Variation of the Pole; fo that the Earth and Sea making one Ball , they might
eafily conje(5ture_, that the South-fide of the Equinoctial might be
Inhabited as
well as the North : But all this was more grounded upon Natural Reafon
and
Right Judgement, than any Experience of theirs , or the leaft certain
knowledge thereof, which fince thefe later times had the firft happinefs to
obtain 5
fo laying thefe Conjed:ures afide, there have been none more grofly
erroneous,
and fo utterly miftaken in this Point, than fome of the Ancients , and
efpecially the Fathers of the Church.
LaElantiii'S Ftrmianus, and St. Aujlin , who ftrangely jear'd at as
ridiculous,
and not thinking fit for a Serious Anfwer the Foolifli Opinion of
Antipodes^ or
another

Chap.

^ M E R I C

another Habitable World beyond the Equator : At which, LaBantius Drol.

ling, fays, What, Forfooth , here is a fine Opinion broad/ d indeed .^
^ Antipodes/
MghMy ! People ii?hofe Feet tread D?ith ours, and H^alk Foot to Foot
with us their Fie ads
dowmvards, and yet drop'not into the Sky ! There^ yes, -Very likely, the
Trees loaden with
Fruit grow dowmvards, and it (^ains, Hails, and S?toTi?s upwards ; the
%pofs and Spires of
Cities, tops of Mountains, point at the Sky beneath them, and the ^yers
re^^ers'd topfi-turVy,
ready to flow into the Air out of their Channels !
But thefe Teeming witty ObCtry.3.tions o^ Uaantius , though they may
fervc
for a Jell, yet are not grounded on any ferious Reafons ^ for the Earth
and Sea

being Globular, making one Univerfal Ball j all Materials whatfoever

that
belong to this great Body, fmk by a natural Propenfity towards its
Center
fo that where.ever we Travel , our Feet are downwards, and our Heads upwards, the Sky above, and the Earth beneath j neither need they fear,
that any
where the Earth (liould Moulder and drop into the Clouds : But St. Jujim
Reafons better , admitting that the Earth and Sea make a Univerfal Globe
yet it-no way follows , that inhabited Countreys fliould lye oppofite to
our
Northern, nay, altogether impo/Tible , feeing that fide which is our
^r^poJe5
is all nothing but Sea ; and fhould we allow, that there were Land and
Water
mixt as ours is, who could prove, that they were Peopled ? or how could
any
get thither, over fuch Vail and Immenfe Seas ^ or poffibly pjfs the
extream
heat of the Torrid Zone, not to be endured by any living Creature ? And
what then becomes of Sacred Scripture, which fays pofitively^TW^// Men
it^ere ,
deriVdfrom Adam, and after the Floud , from Noah and his three Sons ?
Therefore
the Nations of the Antipodes muft be of another Abftrad, there being no
poffibility (as they fuppos'd) of paffing from this World to that : But fmce
the Dif=
coYCty of the Eaft ^nd mji-Indtes , Experience, the bell Miftrefs, hath
taught,
that in the South are mighty Lands and vaft Territories, and that as far
as they
have been Penetrated, are found to be full of People , extending their
Domi.
nions from Eaft to Weft. And though St. Auftm deny d this now welUknowa
Truth, yet long before his time, Qcero , Tliny , and others amongft the
Gre^^y
and (Romans, divided the Earth under five Zones ^ which T/rgi"/
defcribes
thus : ,

Latlant. ci-rar Conteriiring oiu" Antipodes.

. As alfo St. Aii^in. de Ci<

v!t.Dd\.lC-c.^).

Fiye Zones the heaVrts infold, hot Sun- beams heat

Ahvays on one, and hums with rao-ino- heat.

<> <i>
Tl?e two Extreams to this on each hand lies
Muffled with Storms , fetter' d Dpith cruel Ice,
'Twixt Cold and Heat, two more tJ?reare,th'aboads
Aj^ign d poor Mortals hyth' Immortal Gods,

Quinque tenent caelum zoiii?e:c|uarum una corufco

Semper Sole rubens,&: torrida femper ab igni :
Quam circum extremse dextra,l^vaque trahuntur
Cxrulea glacie concretae, atque imbnbus atris.
Has inter, mediamque, duae mortalibus xgxis
Munere conceOa! divum : via feda per ambas,
Ohliquus qua fe fignorum verteret ordo.

With Tz/vi/, fliny, and the Prince of Latin Orators agree , who faith
^^cr.Lm somnio sa^h^

'' You fee, that thofe that inhabit the Earth dwell in Countreys fo
feparated
'' one from another , that it is impoffible they fhould have any
Commerce " fome of them are our Antipodes, walking with their Heads downwards,
fome
^^ their Feet againft our fides, others, as we, with their Heads
upright. You l^ee
"how the fame Earth feems to be Swath'd about with Rolls, of which, two
^^%aratcd by the other three , are at utmoft diftance one from the
othe'r, ly"mg equi-diftant under the Vertick Points of Heaven , always coverM with
'\ Snow and Ice 5 bu<. the middlemoft and greateft is fcorch'd by the
violent
*^ heats

vide Car^ent. Geogra^h,

|i

Flirty lib. i.

Macrob. inSomns Scif.

lib. 2. "

How beafls came on remote Iflands.

And chiefly the wild.

^u^iii is contradided.

How men came to new

Countreys.

Rcafons why America was

fo bng unknown.

Who firft faird on the

Ocean.

Several opinions oi th
Anucnts concerning it.

<iJ M E R 1 C J. Chan. i.
i
'^ heats of the Sun : Two Trails are Habitable, one to the South . our
Jntipo^
'^ iies, the other North;, which we Inhabit.
And flmy alfo affirms, though againft the Vulgar Opinion, this triuh^
*' That the Earth is round about hihabited, and that people walk Foot to
Foot
^'^ in moR- parts thereof; though every one be ready to ask why our
Jntipodes drop

*' not into the Sky j which queftion;, our Antipodes may alfo ask
concernincr us.
But although the Ancients upon thefe and the like Denionftrations well
un^
derftood, that there was a Habitable World towards the South under our
ioc*
ri\on^ yet they could not make out or believe, that there was any
pofTibility td
pafs thither ^ And, according as St. Auft'in conceived , That the Earth
produced
nothing under either Pole, by reafon of exceffive cold , and that the
Ecniinoxs
or Middk^Zone^ was not to be penetrated, becaufe of the infufFerable
heat.
And Macrohms laith^, " That the Ecju'inoHial Orc/f,the Jrtkk and Ant art
ick Line s^ .
^'^ bind the two Habitable Zones ^ and make Temperate by the exceffive
Neiah*^' boring Heats and Colds 5 and thefe Countreys onely give Animation,
and
^^ comfortable Enjoyment to all Living Creatures. ^
Moreover, St. Anflln in fome places feems to clear his own DoubtS;>
fayinr,
" That People , if they could find a means to Sail thofe Vaft and
Undifcover'd
'*' Seas, might make Land, raifing new Stars under another Sky.
A Learned Father, fearching after the Original of all forts of Beads
which
multiply by Generation, concludes , That they mufl derive themfelves
from
thofe diat werefav'd with ISLoah in the Ark. But how came they to the
Ides ?
To thofe adjacent and near the Main Land, they might eaiily Swim ^ to
the remoter.they wereTranfpoired.
But this Doubt is not altogether clear'd, for the Domeilick and other
Crea*
tures fit for Humane ufe and Suftenance were thus brought thither : Yet
how
comes it to pafs , that Voracious and Wild Creatures are alfo found
there, fuch
as Wolves,Tigers,Lions,and other Beafts of Prey ? This puzzle putting
St. Juftln to a Hand , he had no other means to get off, but by faying, that
by God's
Commands or Permiffion, the Angels conveyed them thither If fo, why
might
not God pleafe to Plant Men there in like manner, and the rather, the
Earth be*
ing created for Humane ufe ? But what needed this , when Men can in
Ships
Tranlport themfelves , either of their own accord for curious Inqucft,

to find
new Countreys, or elie enforced by ftrefs of Weather, to far remoter,
and altogether unknown Lands : Befides, though the Earth is he"e and there
divided
by large Bays and vafl: Seas, yet neverthelefs, in other places it is
all continued
Landj or at leail parted by fome narrow In-let or Sea; fo that there was
no
difficulty for a crouded Plantation to go over, and fo eafe themfelves
in another Countrey, till then not Inhabited ; therefore none need to
queftion, but
that from Adam^ or nearer, from Noah's three Sons, Seju^ Ham,
snidjaphet^ thofe,
as well as we, were extra(!^ed, that Inhabit this our other World.
But one queftion is to be obferv'd , How firft after the expiration of
fo ma
ny Ages in thefe our later times , a New^World was diicover'd ,
altogerhec
unknown to the Antients , when they in the greatnefs of their Parts and
ilndej'taking, Prowei's and Prudence, were no ways inferior to the Modern,
and
every way as fit (or great Defignsand grand Exploits ? We need not
fcrupleor
make the leafl: doubt, but the Sea hath been Navigated of old ; but the
firfl: at*
tempters fet forth unexperienced, in as pittiful and ilLcontriv'd
Veffels. The
Heathens afcribe the Art of Navigation, firft to the Cretans^ who under
the Con
dwOi oi t{eptune ^ fet forth a Navy to explore Foraign Countries. But
^Imy
lonjT

Chap. 1. AMERICA.
long before gives the Invention of this Ait to Erythra^ King o^ Egypt,
who lipon
Pieces of Timber^, conjoynM andbrac'd together, crept along the Shores,
and
ventured to Difcover the Illes in the ^ed-Sea. But others give that
honor to the
Trojans, and Micians, when with a Fleet by Sea^, they Invaded Thrace :
Others,
to the ^rittatns, who made little Veffels of Leather, and were the firfl
that by
this Invention found how to Float upon the Waters : Some plead, that the
Samothraciaiis vrttt Rv9: -J Others, thit Van^us before all, found a way
by Sea
from Egypt to Greece. But without all Contradidion, IS^oah's Ark was the
Pat-

tern or Sample, that fucceeding Ages imitating, built their Ships by 5

and the
more probable, becaufe his Offspring multiplying fo faft;, that they
were enforced to inlarge their Colonies, by paffing Seas, and other broad
Rivers, to
fettle their Super-niimeraries there. .
So Ja/on Invented a Ship, which he call'd Jrgos, which Se^oflris King o^
Egypt
took as his Pattern. Next, the 'B'tremis, a Galley with double Banks of
Oars,
was made by the Erythreans -, with treble Banks , by the Corinthian
Jmocles j the
addition of the (Quadruple , the Carthaginians boaft -, oi the
Quinqueremis ISleJlchtho^j^
Alexander the Great , brought them to twelve Banks ; Ttohmy Soter^ to
fifteen
Demetrius, Antignnus Son, doubled them to thirty -, Ttolomy
Thtladelphus, to forty J and laft of all, Wilopater rais'd them to fifty Banks of Oars.
Hippus a Ttrian, was the firfl that fet Ships upon the Stocks 5 the ^hodians a Ketch,
and the
^ataVians a Boat j the Copes made the firfl Oar ; Dedalus the Mafl and
Boltfpritj
Tifcus the Beak -, the Tyrrheans the Anchor -, Tiphys the Rudder -,
taking example from the motion of a Kites Stern j Icarus found Sails ;, fancy'd by
the Poets
for Wings^though fome afcribethat honor to his Father Dedalus.
Mmos was the firfl that IngagM in a Sea-Fight, whereby we may eafily
conje(fture, that of old none adventured far into the Offiuj or to remote
Countreys,
not daring to trufl their fo (leight contrived Veffels. But thefe later
times have
ilrangely and fuddenly improv'd this growling Art of Navigation, yet
pitched
not to that height at firfl, as boldly to adventure, and loofe fight of
Land.
ThcTyrians RrH underflood how to Steer their Courfe by the North-Star,
and wtien dark and foul Weather had Clouded the Sky , that they could
neither fee Heaven or Earth , but onely Sea, they direded their Courfe by
the
Wind ; and if they doubted the change thereof, they let fome Birds Hie,
whom
they follow'd , fuppofing that they flood difedly to the nearefl Land.
But
thefe arc but poor helps, and blind Guides to fhew you Land from the
middle
of the boundlefs Ocean. It is certain, that the Romans in the time o^
Julius Cdfar
^ndjugufius, flretch'd the Bounds of that Empire Eaflward to p/?r^to ,

the
^yne, and the 'Danube , and Weflward to the Ocean and Mount Jtla^ ,
Sailing up
and down the Mediterranean^ with great Fleets, which floutly endur'd the
vios
lence both of Waves and Weather -, but all this made them not fo hardy,
as
once to think or look after new Worlds. But after the %oman power
decreas'd^
by feveral Eruptions of the Goths , Vandals^ Huns, Normans, Lumhards,
and other
Northern Countreys, which fwarm'd with People, that overflowM all places
like a Deluge, fo that Europe was every where puzzel'd and Imbroyrd,
their
whole bufinefs confifling in conjoyning Forces to withfland fuch bold
Invaders^
and fo vexatious an Enemy.
And farther Eafl, Afia was at the fame time little bettei*, flill
trembling
at the daily Alarms and Incurfions of the Scythians, Terjiansj and
Saracens ^ and
afterwards the Turks growing upon them more than any of the former,
expe6l
ed no other than a fad Cataflrophe, fo that the known World had too muck
C work

Erlttains amongft the

firft Inventors of Navigation.

1 he firft Inventer s of feveral things belonging to

Shipping,

Why in forrner Ages no

remote Countreyb were dif^
cover'd. , "

The manner of the Anti-

ents Sailing.

Cf the Rdmaiif.

Why America Was fo latc^

ly known.

Hieron. met. ZpJ:ef.

lo' <a M E%I C A Chap. 11.

work cut out for them by thefc Diftracflions and Alterations of
Government
then to go in Quefl: of uncertainties, to find they know not where,
another.
Here alfo is added by St. Jerom, what an antient Writer faith. Great
care hath
been taken in Commuting the Agt of this World , and if there he another
which Commenced
not lip'uh ours, (as Clemens mentions in his Epiftles) Hihere are
fcituate thofe Seas and
Lands that make that fecond World ? Or is it a part of that ^ in ^hich
Adam ivas Created ^
Or may it not rather Metaphorically he taken for V/orldly Affairs^
govern d by the frince of
the Jir, ruling in the Hearts of the Children of Dif obedience ?
The .-(mients opinion of But Wny , Cicero, and VirjrlU the beft in their
kind of Latin Writers, concur
an unk.io.vn world. ,_^,. 11111 *
Ihat there may be a habitable World under am Horizon, in the temperate
Southern Zone, beyond the extream heat, and on this fide of the
Antartick
colds.
But what fignifies all this to the Difcovery o^ America, which lies not
onely
under the fcorching Heats of the Equiiiox , but under the Frofts and
Snows of
V. f^^^~;^"^^'''^''^' the Artick and Jntartick-Toles ^ Yet lefs
probable is that which Lodowtck Leo, an
foitthhilniS^ld ^^'g^'P^^^ Frier takes out o^Obadiah as if that
Prophet in the three laft Verfes of
i(t/S;/SJ#r^ ^^^ Proj^/^eg fhould fpeak of the Spaniards, which (hould
not onely difcover and
'Jl^toff.n^n^^^^^^ Conquer America, but alfo Convert the Inhabitants to
the Chrijlian Faith, hccauCt
'^A!!rttca ttf^^fMsfo^ ^^^^^ ^^^"^ ^"^^ ^^^ Sepharad, Oiould Inherit and
Poflefs the Cities of the South,

of the Mdrenofiix^d jhaR j^ij^ SaVtows [hall artfc from the Mountains of
Zion, to iudcre th CMount and Wealth
pojjejs that of the (.^naanites, J J J J 'JO ,w ^^ *,^
even ttnta Zaiephath, and qj- ^,\2i\X
the Cii tivity of Jsrufalem, J
ahichuxn sepharad y^.a But ccrtaiuly , Obadiah meant no other than the
Reilauration of the lews from
pofjejs theCttiesof the Jouth. J > J " <'''
jud javioys M come t<poK thc Captivltv o^Babylon, who after their
return, fhouid arow more powerful
mount Zion , to judge the i. J ^ > 7 X2 j- vTx^iiw*
mount of ^{m,ani the king, [^an ever, and they, led by their Mel^ias,
obtain the height of all felicity who
dom Jh.-illbe the LOR.DS ' ' ' J J * D /'
^^^^^^^i!'''''^'''''''''^''^^''^^^ declare Salvation to the utmoft Bor*
ders of the Earth. It is true, that the %aVms Expound Sepharad to be
Spain, and
therefore he concludes , that Obadiah ProphefiM of the Spaniard, and
their Con
^ quells in America ; fo they would prove , that America was long known
before
Chrift.
And lallly, It fignifies as little what fineda and LeVmus Lemnius drive
at,
top.lT" '''''''' "'"'^"^'''^^^'^ '^^^'^"^^^^ ^^^ finding the ufe of the
Compafs, Rigg'd a Navy at E:^io?t'Ge*
her, which from the ^d^Sea had no indired Courfe to the Straights of
Magellan-^
from whence he might Lade his VefTels with the Gold of feru. In whofe
Defcription it fliall be manifefted , that ^eru is not Ophir-, as forae
without any
fliew of Reafon or Truth would make us believe.
' compX'^'^ notHndthc But as couceming King Solomons finding out the ufe
of the cMagnet, it is
foon faid, but not eafily proved ; for though that Prince exceeded all
Man-kind
in Wifdom and Learning, and was perfe(51: in the Operations , and knew
th^
Occultefl: Secrets of Nature, underftanding; what e're beloncr'd to
Plants, from

the Cedar o(Libanus,to Hyfop^and the meaneft Shrub that grows upon the
Wallyet it nothing makes out , that he knew the Myftery of the Navigable ufe
of
the Load'Stone : But fuppofe he did know, there is no where any mention
of icj
and if this excellent thing, the Compafs, had been found in Solomons
time, how
came it afterwards fo utterly to be lofl: ?
Albertus Magnus rniftakes , when he afcribes the knowledge of the
Compafs to
Ariflotle, of which he himfelf makes not the leafl; mention ^ neither
Galen, Alexander Aphrodifienfs , fliny, Lucretius, nor any of the %oman, Greek,
Arabian, or
found' ""'^' "^ '"'^'" other Countrey Writers whatloever. Some give the
honor thereof to an Indian, others to a Shepherd in Mount Lla, whofe Clouted Shooes being full
of Hob-Nails^ rhe Iron flicking faft to the Stones on which he flood,
fi:opt his
motion.

Di [uhUitatt 1.

Variance of the Com-

Genehrad. Chren.

Chap. II. ~ J M E 'B^I C A.

motion. And although the Antients found out many Secrets of Nature^
amongfl: which this of the Load^Stonc, Attra6i:ing Iron, as being its
proper Foodj
and the three forts of the Magnet^ of which fome will not draw Steel,
found by
Theatnedes a Greek Author, and other iince, well known Properties : Yet
they
never attained that knowledge, that the Load-Stone would eafe Pain , and
ftop strange operations of
the effufion of Blood, though the edge piercing the Skin, opened the
Vein : as '^"^ ^''^'^^'"^"
Hteronimus Cardanus experiencM on himfelf and others, which he had from
Lait-

rentius Guafcus^ a great Chyrurgeon. Much lefs, that the Needle of the
Comfa[s
being touch'd by the Load-Stone on the Northfide of the Equinox^ refpeds
the
North J but deprejfing the Ankky and railing the Antartick Pole, it
looks as ftedfaftly towards the South : But far lefs dreamt they of its feveral
variations,
according to the Coafts that are neareft j as wheti you come from the
Ifland del ^^ '"
Cmryoy the Point varies more Weft; but Sailing towards the Equinox, it
varies
Eaftward; by which we may abfolutely conclude, that without this
ufeofthe
Load^Stone, firft found by Flavins MelVius 2l ]S[eapolitanj in the Year
130^. it was altogether impoflible to reach ^wmc^. So tha.t J of eph de ^cojia
nfiiftakes, who when, and by whom the
11 r } r ^ r i r >..t r - ^ t Compafswas found.
gives the honor or the hjndmg lo great a benent to Navigation, to iome
Mabumetan Sea=men which Fafques de Gama met with near Mo/amhique, who had
Sail'd \
thofe Seas by the ufe thereof; whereas Gama's Expedition was above a
hun
dred years after Melfim , who liv'd in fuch a jundure of time for
Mathema*
tical Learning, that few Ages boafted the like : For then flourifli'd in
En(rland^
and were Contemporaries, befides others abroad, ^chard Wallingford^
Isljcolas de
Lynna J John Halifax, Walter 'Brkte J John Duns J 2.ndJohn de
Lignarijs , all eminent
in Aftronomical Arts, belonging to Navigation, and doubtlefs, no fmall
helps
to Melfius in this his happy Invention.
Laftly, We will relate what hath been held as a feeming Teftimony, (that
'America was known to the Europeans before the Birth of our Saviour) by
an antique Meddal of the Emperor Augujius, digged out of the Ground in feru,
and
fent to his Holinefs at (^me , which may well be reckoned with the like
Chcsit conttiy'd by Hermicus Cajadus, ^nno 1^0^. ncsiV Syntr a, a. Town
in Portugal, where three Marbles Ingraven with antient Charaders, concerning a
Pro-

phecy of difcovering the EaJiJndies by the Tortuguefe, in the Reign of

King Ema^
72e/, were privately bury'd under Ground, and not long after, by a
pretended
accident digg'd out, which made fuch a buftle amongft the Learned, that
fc
veral tired themfelves about the explanation of the fuppos'd Sibylline
Pre =
didion.

C H A P. I L
Of the Original of the Americans , whence they came
how, and from what Teople Planted.

orieinalot xhe^mt-

ABout the Original of the Americans , the Learned Difpute fo much,

that ,w muchdifputedon

they find nothing more difficult in Story, than to clear that

Point ; for whether inquiry be made after the time , when the AmerU
sans firft fettled themfelves where they nov7 inhabit, Or after what
manner
they came thither, either by Shipping or by Land; on purpofe, or
accidentally 5 driven by Storm, or elfe forc'd by a more powerful People^ to
remote
Qi' from

ii^tti

IZ

Voyage/, i. c. 8.

The time v/lien Jmtr'ic

was firti Peopled.

The condition ot the firfi

"orW after cbe Floud.

AMERICA, Chap. IL
from their old Plantations, and feek for new r or if any one fliould be
yet
more curious, asking the way that direded them out of another Countrey
to
this New World ^ or elfe enquire for thofe People, from whom
th&Jmerkafis
deriv'd themfelvcs I He will find feveral Opinions , and the Learned
ftill
Tan2;lincr,
The firft Doubt is concerning the time : Mr. Tunhas, where-ever he had
the
Hint, endeavors to prove, that Jmcrica hath been but lately Planted ^
for which
he thus araues, '<^That i^ Jfia, or Europe furnifh'd America with People
in Jhra" hams time , or at leaft before the Birth of our Saviour ; then it mufl
upon
^' necelTity, by the Expiration of fo many Ages, have been much more
Popu. ' '' lous, then the Spa?iiards found when firft they difcover'd it.
Befides^ the valt
JCti
" Territories yet unhabited (fays he) are fufficient teftimoriies, that
this New
''^ World hath been Planted but fcatteringly, and not many Ages fmce,
elfe
" the Countrey would have more abounded with Inhabitants, becaufe the
fer'^ tility of the Soyl was able plentifully to maintain Millions more,
then were
^^ there when firll difcoverM : And what Marks are better to know a
ncwPeo"^ pie by, in any Countrey , than a rude Life and unfettled Government ?
juft
*' like a Family removing to another Houfe,which takes no fliort time to
fettle
'^ their Goods and Houfhold-fluff in a handfome and convenient Order.
'' When Tsipah went out of the Ark on Mount Ararat, and not long after,
faw
^^ his Seed fpread over Jrmenia and JJfyria , the new Generation of
People con" lifted in Shepherds and Husbandmen , that fetled themfelves near Lakes
and
" Rivers. Villages, Cities (and much lefsj whole Kingdoms/were fcarce

found
^^ on the Face of the Earth, and as little of
TradeorCommercejRicheSjDivifioa
'f of Landsjcoftly Garments and Furniture for Houfes^werc not then in
ufe^Fjut
" the works of long fettlements in happy Peace. To curb growingWickednefs,
^^and the Pride of Libertines^ who incroach'd upon their weaker
Neighbors,
'^ Laws were invented , by w^hich Bridle, the unbroke or wild World grew
" tamer : And firft, the Affyrians w^ere brought to endure the Bit,and
anfw^er the
^' Reins of Government j then Egypt.nz^i Greece^ and after that the
(^omatis, who
" fpreading their Power by Arms and Martial Difcipline , firft civiliz'd
the
^'^ Gauls J Spain, ^rittain J 2ind\3.({.\y Germafiy,
" But becaufe a Countrey or Paftoral Life, knowing no Commerce,but mean
<^' Hovels, and to dwell in Huts, priding in poor and no Habits ,
defpifing all
" greatnefs,unlimited by Laws, and all things elfe, (which the People
obferv'd
" prefently after the Flood) is now found among the Americans , who will
take
^'^ them for ought elfe, but new Comers to that Land, as themfelves
acknow^
" ledge ? For the Mexicans boaft^ that they are the eldeft there , and
that from
" them, feru, Chili, Chika, and other Countreys towards the South, had
their
" Colonies, and yet the oldeft Chronicles of Mexico reckon not above a
thou^^
'^^ fand Years. Thus far Mr. Turchas,
But certainly , all this Muftcr of appearing Reafons , is not able to
van =
quifh finale Truth ; For, grant that America was not very Populous when
the
^,fm was Peopled ma- Spaniards firft arrived there muft this needs
prove , that it was never w^ell inhabited before ? Perhaps the Civil Wars, which have been always
deftrudlive
to this Nation, have much hindred the increafe of People ; and the more,
becaufe their Salvage Nature is Inch, that in feveral places they account
Man's
Elefli Broird a very great Dainty. And fuppofe fuch Prodigal Exccfs of
their
Humane Bankets were not us'd in America, as indeed they are, Is it
wonder, that
fuch a great part of the World, not oncly exceeding Europe in bignefs,
but Afia
alfo

ny Ages ago,

Furchas contfadlfted.

AMERICA,

J]

Chap. IL
alfo Oiould here and there have a Tra6t of Land uninhabited ? Thefe
mighty
by reafon of their Barrennefs, be ulelefs^ as many fuch places are found
in the
midll of the mod Populous and fertile Countreys. But above all this, it
is certain, that America to this day (notwithftanding almofl: innumerable
thoufands
of Indians formerly Slain and MalTacred by the Spaniards) is Co well inhabited^ that it may ftand in Competition with either Jfia or Europe.
And
how could fuch vail multitudes Plant the far=fpreading Counciey of
Jmerica^
without the help of many Ages ? Moreover, This truth is not without
(ijffici-ent Tcftimonies - when any one looks on the Iflands with which Jmerka
lies
incompalVd , he may fuppofe they did not willingly go from the Main Continent to the Ifles , but were driven thither by Wars among themfelves^
or as
mod times it happens, becaufe of the vaft incfeafe' of the Natives , the
Coun
trey muft difchargc its burden.
'Hereto is added , the fevcral Languages us'd in America, as in Europe
or any
other part of the known World ; whereby we may eafily guefs, that
America
was Peopled prefently after the Confufion of Tongues at !BabeL
Furthermore^
If the Americans live a Rude Life,go meanly Habited,be without ftately
Houfes^
fuch Cuftoms are even among us obferv'd by feveral People 5 zs the
Tartars ,

Numidians, and others , which made their Antiquity be call'd in

queflion. He
alfo mull needs have no knowledge of the Arts and Mechanick Sciences
us'd by
the Americans, vjho concludes, that they fetled but lately in America.
One Argument at prefent will be fufficient to contradid them all 5 and in the
further
Defcription, the contrary will be more manifeft.
Hieronimus 'Benfo relates, That he flood amaz'd at the Gold and Silver
Smiths ^meman coid-Smkhs
in the Territory of C/?i/'o, who without any Iron Tools^, made Images,
and all
manner of Veflels : Which work they performed thus, Firfl, they made an
Oval
Crucible of a good Lock , round about Pafted with Earth , embody'd with
the Powder of Wood Coals 5 which Crucible being Bak'd very hard in the
Sun, they fill with Pieces of Gold or Silver, and put in the Fire; about
which
Handing with five,fixjdr more Pipes made of Canes,they blow the Fire fo
long^
till the Mettal melts, which others fitting on the ground, run it into
Moulds
of black Stone , and fo with little trouble, Caft into what fhape they
ple^fc,
Laflly, Though Mexico can reckon but a thoufand years, muil it therefore
follow , that the Inhabitants are no older? How many famous places (even
among our felves) have no longer Regiflers^ and if they have,they are
common*
ly Fabulous , few Nations boafling truly their own Original j which
Argument, not onely contradids (as we fuppofe) Mr. 'Prc/7ii^, but all
others afcribing the Plantation o^ America to our later times.
S E C T. L

N the next place, let us enquire, how the Americans \^ere tranfmitted
thither, whether by Sea, or Land ? Both which are feafible two feveral
ways 5 if they made an Expedition thither, as Difcoverers, or were
driven on
thofe Coafls by ftrefs of Weather.
The firfl: is moll unlikely, and not feeming poffible, for how could
they
Steer thorow fo vaft an Ocean, to Countreys they never heard of, without
the
Compafs, and other Necefiaries for fuch a Voyage ? for when firfl:

difcover'd,
their want of experience in Shipping for fo long a Voyage, knowing no
further than the ufe of fmall Boats or Canoos^ plainly explode, that they
willingly
Steer'd

After what manner the

Inhabitants of Ameucii
came thither.

1+

^ M E'R^l C A,

Chap. II.

P/. \.%. C.Xl,

Steer'd from a known World, to an unknown , with no better accommodation J but Tome probable reafons may be made out, to induce us to believe,
that
they were rather driven thither by Storm.
But fomc will fay, How liv'd the little Boats, and how indur'd they in
fiich
a continual Tempeft, and were not either fwallow'd up amidft the Waves,
or
ftarv'd for want of Proviiion, which their hollow Troughs could not contain ?
The firft doubt is the leaft, for there are Examples enough by which
appear,
that oftentimes great Ships Bulging, are over=fet or funk in the Sea by
foul Wea.
ther when the Mariners efcapein their Cock^Boat j and if they were but
thinly Vi(5tuard for fo long a Voyage, queftionlefs^ that little which they
had, they
fpun out, and made it lad, while the impetuous Storm fhortned the
paflage,
which fair Weather would have made. much longer.

^iiny tells us o^ Jnn'ius Tlocquius, General of the %ed-^Sea, That one

of his
^anS7''^^^^''^^^'' ^^^^^^ bciug Eufrauchiz'd , Sailing down towards the
Arabian Gulf, was carry'd by a violent Tempeft from the North, beyond Qaramama , and on the
fifteenth day came to an Anchor in Hippuros, a Haven o[Taproba?ie, which
Ortel'tus
judges to be Sumatra 5 but Mercator and Clu^erius, on better grounds,
Zeyloity
which is no lefs than three thoufand Englijl:> Miles.
In like manner, Jofeph de Acofta tells us , That in fifteen days time,
he got
with a Northerly Wind from the Qanaries to Ajnerica^ and his Voyage had
been
fhorter, durft he have born more Sails, which may partly clear the
former
doubts,
couccUnl^ZntLTsc^ Moreover, the Teruviam themfelves give fome fmall
Teftimony (in their antient Records) of a few that Landed of old upon their Coafts, which were
(as
they fay) mighty and cruel Giants, committing much Bloodflied,
Slaughtering
the Natives every where 5 and having fijbdu'd the whole Countrey, built
ftately
Edifices, of which remain yet the Ruines of fome Foundations, very
Artificial
and Coftly. They alfo fliew near Mant^j and fnerto Viejoj many huge
Bones (as
they

Voyages.

Chap. II. ' <tIMERlCA 15

they belieye of Giants, three times longer and thicker than an ordinary
Mans.
They alfo tell us, that many Ages fince, one lea and Arlca SaiTd
Weftward thi=
ther upon Sea Wolves Skins, blown up like Bladders : But however,
without ^^;;^^- "^'fi''- ^'"^^^
contradiction, the Americans never kneW;, much lefs built any fuch
VefTels,
with, which they durfl venture to the Ojfm, out of fight of Land ; their
'BalfaSy

Venafros ^QiW^ C^?2005, will not all amount to the Bulk of one of our
fmall Barquesj
wherefore the Inhabitants o^Tumhe^^ when they defcry'd the S^amjh Fleet,
fent
to difcover feru^ were amaz'd at the high Mafts, fpreading Sails, and
bignefs
of the Ships, judging them firft to be Rocks, call up out of the Sea ;
but obferving them to approach their Coaft, and that they were full of
Bearded-Men,
thought the Gods were walking in then; ; by our Modern Poet, Mr, Dryden
in
his Indian Emperor, thus Elegantly defcrib'd.
Guyomar to Montezuma.

K-idi'calous opinion of the

Americans.

I went in order. Sir, to your Qommandj

To View the utmoft Limits of the Land :
To fee that Shore, where no more World isfound^
^ut Foamy 'Billoli^s, breaking on the ground j
Where, for a while, my Eyes no OhjeB met,
But diftant Skies, that in the Ocean fet :
And lo^-hung Clouds that dipt themfehes in ^in
To pake their Fleeces on the Earth again.
At laft, as far as I could caft my Eyes
Upon the Sea, fomewhat, methouglit did' rife
Lih Bluifh Mifts , iDhich fill appearing more.
Took dreadful Shapes, and moVd towards the Shore,
Mont. What Forms dtd thefe nelo Wonders reprejent ?
Guy. More f range than liphatyour Wonder can in'Vent.

The OhjeB I could firfl dtflinHly view.

Was tallflraight Trees, which on the Waters flew ;

V/ings on their fides, inflead of Leases did groU^,

Which gather d all the 'Breath the Winds could hlol i
And at their ^ots grew floating Palaces,
Whofe out-hlow'n Bellies cut the yield'mg Seas*
Mont. What 'DiVine Monflers^ ye Gods, "^ere thefe.
That float in Air, and fly upon the Seas I
Came they aViVe or dead upon the Shore ^
Guy. Alas, they liVd toofure, I heard them roar.
All turnd their fides, and to each other Jpoke^
If aw their Words break out in Fire and Smoke.
Sure, 'tis their Voice that Thunders from on high,
Or thefe, the younger Brothers of the Skie
Deaf wh the noife, I took my hafty Flight,
No Mortal Courage canfupport the Fright.

But the refolving thefe Doubts, flarts a harder Queftion, Vt^, Grant
that the
Americans were by Tempeft driven thither, How then came the Beads
thither ?
It is certain, that thofe which are beneficial for humane ufe , as Dogs
for to
Hunt, great Cattel, Sheep, for Food, and other NeceiTaries, might eafily
be car* 1 y^ T T r c ' Jkrf^- Spaniards carry Oxen,
ry'd thither, for fo the Spaniards brought Cows, Horles, bwrne^, ana
otner ^at* and sheep to the American
tel J and alfo Poultery from Spain, to the ncw-difcover'd Ides,
Cuba,Hi^aniola, . '"'
Jamaica, Margaretta, and La Dominica, when at their arrival, formerly no
four.
footed Beads were found there, whofe fertile Soyl hath fo multiply'd
their
increafe, that the Doggs running Wilde , and breeding as faft, do great
hurt
to the Grazing Herds, which they onely fiioot for their Skins, leaving

their
Flefii, the bed: of Meats, onely to Manure the Ground on which they lie.
The Tranfporting of tame and profitable Cattel might eafily be allowed
of,
but who would load their Ships with Lions, Tygers, Bears, Wolves,
Foxes.and
other Serpents and Voracious Beads ^ it is certain that fome may be
tam'd
before they were Ship'd. n ^ ,a. ...
/ r i 1 r ^^ Beaib cam?.
Lampridius relates, ThsitHelicgahalus the^oman Emperor, took great
pleaiure in^mv.,andtheifies.
ia Domedick Lions, and Leopards, to frighten his Gueds withal ; for with
tnvjaHei.osah.,
the third Courfe, they were all brought in^ and fate betwixt the
Invited, a Man
and

i6

Lib.

1. cap. 7.

Strarge Hunrinii

Strnn^e accident of two

Leopaiu*.

JJzj fez in. I z.

AMERICA. Chap. II.

and a Bead. The great Qmm^ as Taulus Venetus an Eye-vvitnefs attefls,

Rides on
Hunting, attended in couples with tame Leopards. The King oid^mhoja in
like
manner is Terv'd with Panthers : Scali^er adds alio, That they v\^ent
not unprovided of a Lamb or Goat, to give the Panther , left falling into his
natural fc:.
rocity, provok'd by hunger, he fliould make the Huntfmen his Qiurry, if
he
had no other Prey. But notwithftanding lome wilde Beafts leem to forget
their Voracious Nature^, yet there ought great care to be taken in the
Tranfporting of them, becaufe they oftentimes grow wild again , which Fra?jce
can
witnefs, where two Leopards, a Male and a Female being tam'd , preiently
after the death of King Fraiick, whether negligently or on purpofe, let
loofe,
ran into the Woods , and near Orleans devoured a great number of People,
and
Cattel : Gejner faith^ That fome Womens bodies were found;, who were untouched, onely their Breafts eaten by the Leopards, as if they took them
for
the daintieft part j which is not unlike the antient^^re^, who according
to Saint
Hierom , entertained their Guefts as a moft delicious Difh , with Womens
Breafts, and Mens Buttocks Roafted. Belides, the devouring nature of
thefe
Wilde Beafts, what profit could Tygers, Lions, Wolves, Bears, and the
like
advantage the Tranfporter ? And how came Serpents, Adders, and other Reptiles, thither over the Ocean, that with no Art whatfoever can be made
tame ? Were the fmall Veflels juft laden with fuch terrible Creatures^
when
againft their wills, they were by Storm driven on a new Coaft ? By thefe
impofiibilities we may eafily judge, that the Jmericans came thither by
Land,
and no other way ^ but how, and upon what occafion muft be our next
enquiry.
S E C T. I L

To/0 reafons wh.re.or-' l[f F T lftorjes generally gives us onely two

accounts. Why People remov'd
the peopb rtmov: horn i 1 .^ 1 -i t-i-ii-i i
their couatreys. -^ -- from ouc Counttey to another, either not, or
thinly inhabited whe=
ther driven by force, or of their own accord, fo to unburthen and give
eafe to
their too Plethorick Countreys.

Thus the ha.n\(h'd J apanners forfook their Native Countrey, and fetled
themfelves in a defolate Soyl, llnce a flourifliing Empire, fhining with
Riches, and
CrownM with ftately Cities: So the ^atayians rook pofteffion of the
uninhabited Ifle, lying between the ^^ynCy and the IVael , being driven out of
Hejjen by
Civil-Wars , and preferv'd the memory of the place, from whence they had
their Original on the utmoft Point of the Ifland , in the Villages of
Offe??!^^^^ ;
for the H^jZ/fn^ formerly went by the name of C^fti others that
removed did
not onely fall upon their Neighbors, but made a way by force of Arms,
chofing their Habitations under a temperate Climate, and in a fruitful
Soyl. After which manner the Franks enter'd Gauly and afterwards the ]S[ormans
fet upon
France j fo that the Conquered Countreys, have ever flnce from the
Conquerors been call'd France and Normandy : But although it cannot punctually
be
faid, how the Inhabitants o^ America remov'd , yet it is without
contradiction,
The Hooa ackiiowiciig'd that thcy fitft fouud an empty Countrey. The
Opinions which they have
by the Aineyidin!. and other ri r \\ r ^\ r\ \ n
Hfi.j but myitcriouny. themfclves concerning it, are
Fancies j Firft, they queftion their
Original from the Floud, which is fo well rooted in the
Nations, that the blindeft and moft ignorant know fomething
dcformedly alter'd and vary'd , tack'd up with additional
Stories, the
truth it felf known onely to us, but to all others loft

full of idle
memory of all
of it, though
fabulous
in Oblivion.

Who

Prometheni and Nsah are

the fame, j

Chap. IL ^ <tl M E R I C A, 17
Who hath not heard of Deucalion s Flood, how his Wife ^-^rrhci and he
only
efcap'd in a little Boat, and fas 'tis FablM) landing on a Mountain,
from
thence Peopled the World again, by throwing Stones backwards over theit

Heads .^ Something of this feems to hint the true Story of N04/?, his
Wife^,
and Children, from whom the defolated World was replenifli'd.
The fame they relate of frcmietheuSy concerning whom, thus Dlodorus SkU"
lus : " They fay that the Nyk breaking through his Dams, and overflowing
*' his Banks, drown'd all g}'pr, efpecially that part where 'Promelk5
Rul'd,
" wh^re all the Inhabitants were fwallow'd by the Deluge. None can imagine but that Viodorus by this makes mention of a particular Flood,and
not the
general one in NoaJ/s time ; for as the Greeks afcrib'd all things to
their Heroes^
fo the Egyptians in like manner did the fame to theirs : Therefore they
have of
the creneral Flood, made a particular one in Egypt, though perhaps it
never was :
So that what is Fabled of frometheus, is nothing but a Part of the
Univerfal
Delucre J which the Name Prometheus proves, becaufe it fignifies, Sprung
from
Beayen,2inA is the fame with ISloahy whom they hold to be the firft
Father of all
Mankind fince the Flood, born of, or regenerated from his Wife ^//^ and Jfia
fignifies Earth, or The Uother of all things ; and fo efpouhng IS^oahj
being fprung
from God, to Jrarat, from whence defcended the Generations of Mankind^
and by degrees Ipread over the whole furface of the Earth.
The ChmefeSjEaJl'IndianSjJapannersj and other People of Jfia and Africa,
have
alfo fome knowledge of a very ancient Flood ; but hood-wink't under many
idle Fancies, not unlike that which the Americans relate, from whom
fcveral
Learned Perfons find no obfcure Confe/fions of the Deluge, which thus
my- 4coHa,u\c.z$i
ftically they have wrapp'd up, That one Vtracocha came out of the great
Lake
Titicaca, and fetled his Reiidence upon Ttaguanaco, where yet remain the
Ruines
of ancient Walls, built after a wonderful manner : At length removing
from
Ttaguanaco to Cufco, he began to multiply the Generation of Mankind.
They
lliew in the foremention'd Lake a fmall Ifland, under which, the
yfmertcans fay, Sn-ange Opimon of the
1 /-jii-z-irr it-1 1 1 r nr" 1 r -Americans Concerning the
the Sun fav d himielf from the Flood ; wheretore in ancient i imes they
iu- Hood.
perftitioufly obferv'd that place, heightning their Bloody Sacrifices
with Humane Slaughter. Others relate, That fix Perfons leap'd through a Hole
out

of a Window, from whence all Men were fince Extraded and from that new
Increafe, the place (after the Inhabitants of the Old World were all
drown'd) v
got the Denomination of ^acariTampo and therefore they hold the
Ta77ipo's to
be the mod ancient Families : From hence Mano-ocapam derived, being the
Pri- Orgnaioftk
1 Ti Kings, and their
mogenitor of the Tncas or Kings ^ from whom fprung two Generations, H<^?
20
C?^,^co,and Mrim Cu:^co. They tell us alfo,That their Tnca's,when they
make War
upon any People, fay that the occafion, as they pretend, wasj becaufe
all Ter*
ritories are Tributary to them juilly;, from whom they were deriv'd and
reftor'd, being the firil: Planters of the New World v and withal. That
the true
Religion was declared to them from Heaven.
This Relation, though mix'd with Fables, fliews (but very darkly) that
f^jv*/ Flood is ta
they have fome knowledge of the Flood : For who are thofe fix elfe that
kenoutoftheScnpiure,
leaped out of a Window to replenifh the Generations of Mankind, but
Shem,
Ham, and Japhet, with their Wives ?
The Americans can sive but a little better Account of their firft
Oriainal ?
and indeed it is no wonder, becaufe for want of Books they can relate
nothing
certain, but only what they have Regiftred in their ufual Qiiipocamagosj
which
is not above four hundred years old. Acofla asking what Original they
judg-d
D they

e Amerkan
Cuitom,

r^^^
,! j
I

i
i }
! t

i8

^'m e%^i c a

Chap. 11.

ver uvictns ofxmon. they wetc of, and from what Countrey and People
derived ? receivM no other
Anfwer, but xX\2X America only was their native Countrey, and that they
were
deriv'd from no other elfewhere. But though the ^eruVians are of this
Opi=
Ana aifothe Mexicans, nioH, vct thc Mexicatis atc of anothet mind,aivin2
the Spaniards a far better Acof ch:ir Ongmal. ^' r n 1 it i n i i i
count when hrlt they came thither, wherein we mult a little deviate,
>i;^. How
they were removed from fome other place, as Robert Comtdus relates , who
with many Learned and feemingly true Arguments affirms, That the
Original
o^t\\t Americans mufl: be fought for either among the ^hmtcians
^Sydonians ^Tyrians ^
Lib. I. cap. 7. ot Carthaginians J being indeed all one People.
izZ'^ro^ofw:? faith thus of the '?ki=
cians^ ^' They liv'd formerly, according to their ownRelation^, along
the Shore
^' of xhtl^d^Sca ^ from whence removing, they planted the Sea-Coaft of
the
^' Syrians. Fejitis AVtenus the Latin Poet agrees with this
Opinion,where he faith,
On the Phenicians Cnafls the Ocean heats,
Who throu<ih the Red-Sea Sailmz-, chan^'d their Seats.
They were the firjl that yentur'd through the Seas,
And freighted Ships with richer Merchandi-^e :
Fair or foul Weather, They l^ithout controule\
^ ' Sought Foreign Trade , directed hy the Tok,

OiiginaUnd Hjijitati- Jriftotk hoxu 2i Greek. '^ Old calls them

Phenicians, from their being red or
ons of the P'jimcians 5of|,"l lirl I Tllf^ 1 Y 11 1 ni
whom, according ro federal bloodv With the Slaughter or ail Stranc^ers
that Landed on their Coaft but
Learned, the Americans are '' 1 ^ 1 1 1 1 1 ' 1 %> r t r r^
extraad. rather, and io indeed they are call d 'Phemcians, or
Erythreans, from Efau, or
Edom, from whom they are deriv'd ; for thefe two Words, or
Denominations,
fignifie in Greek, ^d -^ the two lad, the like in Hehrelp, ^henix him.*
felf firll: planted all the Countrey lying between the River Eleutherus,
and
the Egyptian City ^elufium -^ and afterwards D^;?ji^f^ , wafh'd by the
Medi:'
terrane : But lince, thele Boundaries are al erM, on the North,
hyjudea ; Weft*
\Na,rd, hy thc Me diterrane '^ Southerly, by %ypt ^ and towards the
Eail, by the
Defart Arabia.
The chiefeft Cities are ^tolemais^ otherwife call'd Aeon, Stdon, Arad^
Great Ca^
na, Sarepta, 'Biblis, 'Bothri^, ^erithus^ and iheir Princefs Tyre,
formerly fcituate in
an Ifle, but lince joyn'd to the Main-Land by Alexander the Great.
None can difown, but that the Phenicians have every where been Admirals
of the Sea fo that they were formidable to the areatefl: Princes. When
the
Terfan King Qamhyfes came with a vaft Army againH; the Carthaginians, he
was
forc'd to give over his Defign, becaufe the Vhenicians refused to help
him with
their Fleet, being allied to, and the City founded by them : But they
not only
built Carth age, -vjhicli ftrove with ^ome to be the Emprefs of the
World, but alfo
thc famous Cities Leptis, litica, Hippo, and Adrumetum in Africa, with
frt^/;^and
Tartejfm in Spain nay, they fcnt Plantations of People into the Heart
o^ Iberia
and Lybia. It will not be amifs to add Q^Curtiu^ his Relation, who tells
us.
Wonderful Power of the <( Whete-cver the fhenicians came with their
Fleets, Landin? their Men, they
^'^ fubdu'd whole Countrey s, and by that means fpread their Colonies
over the
*^ known World Carthage in Africa, Thebes in [Boctia, and G7^ii;^near
the V/efern
* *' Ocean. Arijlotle relates, " That they made fuchxich Returns of
their Mer-

*' chandize, and chiefly of their Oyl, in Spain, than their Anchors,
Pins, and
'^ all Iron Materials belonging to a Ship, in (lead of that Metal, were
Silver.
But to return to our Difcourfe, and dilprove the former Teilimony, That
the Thcnicians found America, The formention'd Comtdus faith thus ; ''
None
"' can

Hertdot. lib. I,

SaluP'mlgurtha.

Cliap. II.
can JLiftly doubt

A M E R^l C A.

I?

<c

but that fince the Tl:c?ncims took the Command of the Sea Tefiimonics
that the ameiicms are denv'd frcni

iC

IC

(C

ct

<(.

Firft Teftimony*

Is contradifted.

Lib. J. GengY.
Ikmmijh.lji^

from the ^)odianSy they more and more increasM their Fleets, and
growinc? ^^c I'henkians
experter in Navigation, pa/iing the Gibraltar Northward, became Mafters
of
' Cadi:^y3.nd ftill prepared new Fleets, which fearching beyond Jtlas
Southward,
difcoverM the Coafts o^ Jfrtca^ and the adjacent Ides, driving a great
Trade
" to the Canaries j and to thofe which lay fcatter'd along Cape de Verd,
formerly
call'd the Gorgades^ This way of Trade alfo was not unknown to the
Greeks.^
Iberians J and other People^ but after the Thenicia?is affum'd it wholly
to
themfelves, without any refpeit or difference of CountreyS;, they funk
all
whomfoever they could catch. Curtim further adds, faying, ^^ I believe
that
the Thcnicians, failing into the Main Ocean, have difcover'd unknown

Couns
treys. And which are thofe ? Not the Gorgades^or: Canary Ifles j for
thofe were
fufficiently known before^ but a Main Land, far beyond. But though the
^henicians were moft expert, yet not skilful enough to make out fuch
Difcoveries.
They indeed were the firft that before any other failed out of the Midland
Sea ; nay,they ventured a good way into the main Ocean, beyond the
Straights
of Gibraltar .^ or the Herculean Millars : But how far ? Not to the
Gorg^<i^5, above
half way betwixt Spam and America j but to the Caj^iteridesy or Flemijl^
IJla?ids,
which to the number of nine lie in fight of Spain. Straho affirms this
Truth,
laying, "^ The Cajfiterides are ten, lying in order clofe by one another
: One
'' remains uninhabited; on the reft live a fwarthy People. This way the
^henicians fail'd firft, when they were in queft for Trade, from Cadi?^.
And
though he reckons ten, there are indeed but nine, V/;^. St. Michael.,
St. Mary^ St.
George, Tercera^ de Tico^ or Tenarijf, fo calFd from the Mountain which
vomits
Fire^ Fayal,La^ FloresjDel CuerVo, and Grdtiofa, Moreover,the fame
Strabo relates,
'*That the Carthaginians did not throw over^board the Traders on the
remote
*' Gorgades, but thofe efpecially that came from Sardinia or Cadi:^,
Mean while, we cannot deny, but that the Gorgades that lye before Cape
de
Verd were frequented by the Carthaginians ^ long before the Birth of our
Savior;
but with io much admiration, that i^^?/wo their Captain in that
Expedition was
lifted amongft the number of their Fleroes, hapning thus : The
Carthaginians
failing for Cadt:^, to affift the ^henicians againft the Spaniards^ made
that the Seat
of War, which foon drew on a greater Defign ; for Hamilco and Hanno
being
impowr'd by the Senate at Carthage^ manag'd the War in Spain. Both of
them
were ambitious to difcover new Countreys. Hamilco fail'd along the Coaft
of
Spain and Gaule, reaching to Batavia, Hanno fteer'd Southerly, carrying
thirty
thoufand Men of all Trades in his Fleet, purpofing to build a new City
in
fome place or other, and got beyond the Promontory Jmpelufium, now
call'd
Cabo Spatil the River 2tloaj which wafheth the City Ar:^ilU j and the
Stream
Lix, now Lujfoy where the Poets place the Gardens of the Hefperides, in

the cuftody of a waking Dragon : From thence proceeding on his Voyage, he came
to an Anchor in the Mouth of the River Suhur^ at this day calFd Stibu ;
and
afterwards before the City Sala., now call'd Salle, at that time made
very dangerous by the voracious Beafts in the neighboring Woods : At laft the
Fleet
reached the Foot of the leffer Atla^., which ends at the Point
Chaunariay by the
Modern Navigators call'd Cabo Non, becaufe it was judg'd, that none
could
fcape with Life, that durft adventure to fteer beyond Chaunaria ; yet
Hanno
faird between Talma^ one of the Canary-IJla?ids, and the Promontory
^ojadoris^
towards the pointed Coaft called then Cornu Helperitwi, but now Qape
Verd^ in
the River Jffama, by Cajlaldm call'd Omirabi : Here he found horrible
CroccoD t' diles.

Lib. \-J.

Salt-IJlaiids how long

known.
Joa. Mariana de Reb.
Hifpaa. lib. i, cap. %o.

-Very remarkable Voyage of Hattue the Carthagrnian, aiona the Coalt of

Africa to the Salt-IJlands.

,11

20

!:!

Strange Vifion.

Baboons to be Men,

A M E %^I C A, Chap.IL
clilcS;,and Hipl>opotami or Sea^Horfes. Atfama is held to flow from the
fame Fountain whence the Kyle hath its Original. In this Latitude Hmino defcried
thofe
Iflands which he callM Gorgones (from the three deformed Sifters Medufa^
Sthe
nio, and Enryale^ whofe Heads were Periwig'd with curl'd Serpents)
becaufe
they found as illfavor'd Women on thefe Iflands^which at this day the
Hollanders
call the Sak-IJlands j amongft which, the chiefeft is St.Jago, a Colony
of The
Tortuguefe j but the Mountains oppofitc to the Gor^onesy on the main
Coaft of
Africa, rifing aloft with fpiring tops near the Kiwcr MafitholuSy Hanno
call'd the
Chariots of the Gods,now nam'd Sierra Liona^ lyi^ig ^^ eight Degrees
Northern Latitude. When Ha?ino and his Armado^either provok'd by an undaunted
Courage,
or covetous of Fame, if they proceeded in their fo wonderful Adventure,
went
forward;, where they reported, that they faw Rivers of Fire falling into
the
Ocean, the Countrey all about burning, and the tops of the Mountains
dazleing their Eyes with continual Flafhes of Lightning, intermixed with
terrible
Thunder j adding further. That the Natives all the Summer fhelter'd
them" felvesfrom the exceflive Heat, in Cave^ under Ground j and coming
forth in
the night, run abroad with lighted Torches over their Ground, fo
gathering
in their Harveft, and Officiating all other Affairs of Husbandry : Yet
Hanno no
ways daunted at fuch ftrange Sights, fail'd from Sierra Liona Southerly
to the
jE^tiinox, where he difcover'd an Illand not far from the African Coaft,
inhabited
The Ancients beiievd by a touph and hairy People, to take fome of whom,
he us'd all po/Hble means,
yet could not ^ onely two Women, being incompaiVd by Soldiers, were taken, and carried aboard j but being very falvage, and barbaroufly wild,
could
not be tamed, or brought to any Complacency^ fo they kill'd them,and
carried

their ftufPd-up Skins to Carthage, where they were a long time gaz'd
upon with
great admiration. *
This Illand which Hanno then found, can be no other but that which we
call St. Thomas, and hath a very unhealthy Air for Strangers, but elfc
very
fruitful, and abounding with Sugar-Canes j and the hairy People which he
makes mention of, were 'Babeonsj or Baboons, which Africa in this place
breeds
large , to the amazement of the Beholders, in great abundance j becaufe
thofe deform'd Monfters, more than any other Beaft whatfoever, reprefent
Humane fhape.
Here Hanno ftopp'd his Voyage, being hindred from going further for want
of Provifion. Five years he fpent in this Expedition, before he Anchored
again at Cadi;^, from whence not long after he fteer'd to his Native
Countrey
Qarthagey where he was receiv'd with no lefs Wonder than State, infomuch
that
none before or after him ever gain'd greater Honor, feeming to oblige
his
Countrey with the hopes of future Profits from thefe new difcover'd
Regiis for his Voyage piac'd qj^j . Nav, he reccivM a Name, and was plac'd
amonaft their Gods in the
longU the Gucis, /' ' i- C
Temples, which he being ambitious of, promoted alter a ftrange manner,
teaching feveral Birds to cry, The great God Hanno j which when they
could
fpeak perfed, they were let fly in the Air, where to the admiration of
all Peo
pie, they every where repeated their well -taught Lefton.
This the moft remarkable Voyage which hapded in the time of the Ancients, confidering they Wanted feveral Mathematical Inftruments belonging
to
"Navigation, and efpecially the ufe of the Compafs 5 and alfo
confidering the '
length of the Voyage to Sierra L/o;w, whither never any durft venture
before :
Nay, in fo many Ages after Hanno, the famoufeft Navigators which were
fet
out by the King of Tortug^l, fear'd a long time to cut their Paffage
through the
JlquinoUial-

Ths I/land St. Thom.ts.

Hanno's Return."

amone!

Chap. II.

A M EXJ C A.

^\

Mc^uimtiiaULint -^ however in long Procefs of timc_, divers

Experirrients were
made^ which have now fo much improved the Art of Navigation.
Haww's Voyage was four hundred years before the Birth of our Savio j
Tefiimony that America
therefore if none have been further than Hanno, until the
nmeihc^onuguefec^t"."'^''"''''"'^"^'^
faird beyond Cape de 'Bona Efperan:^, how could America be difcover'd by
Sea ?
How did they fteer from the Salt-Ijlafids, or St. Thomas^ out of fight
of Land,
through the Main Ocean;, to an unknown World ^ Hanno himfelf, who was
the
ftoucefl of all Ancient "Navigators, not only crept along the African
Coall,
which made him fpcnd fo much time ^ but not daring to crofs over thofc
wide
fpreading Bays he founds, left not his hold of the Shore;, and meafur'd
and
fearch'd every winding Inlet and Creek : And if he found a New World,
why
was it not known ? The more, becaufe his Ambition carry'd him on to get
a
Name and Reputation by fuch Naval Difcoveries. And how true the Relation of this Expedition is,'?/wj/ tells us^ faying, The Journal-Books were
then
to be feen which Hanno writ in that his African Expedition : Though many
of
the Greeks y and alfo of our Moderns, following Hanno, have found
feveral
things contrary to his Obfervations, wherein he makes mention of feveral
Cities built by him, which none ever fince heard of, or any hive feen,
neither
is there the leaft Marks of their Ruines to be found.
This large Relation ferves for nothing elfe, but to fliew that they feek
in

vain herein to give the Honor of the Difcovery of America to the

Ancients
And as little do thofe Teftimonies fignifie that are taken out of
Diodorus Sicu*
Imj K?iy, Tomponim Mela^ and uElian, It will be worth our time to hear
every
one of them particularly.
Firfl, Diodorus faith, ''^Beyond L^hia. in the Ocean, lies a very great
l'*^/*^7.
' _ >' ' ' ' J Z) Second Tefiimony, that
*^ Illand, feveral days failina in Circumference, having a very fruitful
SoiLand 1^^ ^'^ricas are deriv'd
*' pleafant Meadows, dimnguifli'd by Hills, and moiftned by Navigable
Ri
*' vers, unknown in Ancient Times, becaufe it feems to be feparatcd from
the
*' other World, and was thus found ; The fJmiicians failing along the
Lybiari
*' Coaft, were feveral days and nights tofs'd with perpetual Tempefts,
and at
*^ laft driven to the forementlo'n'd Ifland, where Anchoring, and
obferving the ,
" pleafant Scituation thereof, made it kno'#it to their Magiftrates.
But how comes this namelefs Ifland to be Jmertca ! What Man would take
iscomradiaej.
that for an Ifland, which far exceeds the main Continent of Afia > And
have
the Thenicians afcrib'd the finding of this New World to any ? Whence
then
proceeds fuch great filence amongfl: all the Ancient Writers of a whole
World,
who otherwife us'd to give Denominations to the leaft remote Village, or
Mountain, or River ?
^liny Ipeaks after the fame manner, faying, " The Writers make mention^
^^ that Atlas rifes out of the middle of the Sands,With a Shrubby and
Bufhy top
" towards the Sky, on the Shore of the Ocean to which he gives his
Denomi^^ nation ^ That it is full of Woods, and water'd by feveral Fountains
on that
fide towards Africa, by which means it bears all manner of Fruit. In the
Day-time none of the Inhabitants appear, all things being in filence, as
in
*' the middle of a Defart ^ the Approacher is ftruck with fudden

Amazement.
*' And befides its exceflfive high Crown,
neigh
*' boring, as they fay, the Circle of the
if it
" were all in a Flame, refounding far and
Cym" bals and the Journey up thither, very

reaching above the Clouds,and

Moon^ appears in the Night as
near with Pipcs,Trumpets,ahd
long and dangerous.

I carinot underftand thztf liny can mean Jmmca by chis/ becaufe himfelf,
in
the

Lib. %. eap. I.
Dcfcription o( Atlas.'

CC

<f

! |H

zz

Lib. I . cap. 4.
S:ran<?e Men.

if

Ii'^, j.c.lp. 18,

Difcourfe between <^'Rd.ts and Sileniis concerning
the Unlinown World.

u\

r*^'

A M E %^l C J. Chap. II. the firft Divifion of his Fifth Book, makes his beginning with the
Defcripti^^
on of Africa : And as to what further concerns the ftrange Relation and
dan*
aer thereof, is a little before related in Hannos Voyage , .and it is
but a flight
Argument to prove it J7?icrica, becaufe it Teems to refound with thofe
forts of
Inftruments which the Americans were obferv'd to ufe when difcover'd.
^ompoiiim Mela being the third, hath no greater Arguments than the
former.
*' We hear (fays he) that utmoft People towards the Weft, being the
Atlanttcansj
^' are rather half Beafts than Men, cloven-footed, without Heads, their
Faces
upon their Breafts^ and naked, with one great Foot^ like Satyrs or
Goblins,
which range up and down, without any Artificial Shelters or Houfes.
Laftly, JEl'tan feems to fay fomething, when he Tets down the Difcourfe
between JMida^ and Sihimsj out of Theopompmy where Sihius relates, *' That
Eu*
^ rope^Jfia, and Lyhia are Iflands ; and that a vaft CoMntrey lyes
beyond this
his tripple-divided World, mighty Populous, and abounding with all other
Living Creatures, as big again as ours, and living twice as long : That
they
^ are wondrous rich ; their Religions, Laws, and Cuftoms, founded upon
""^ another Morality and Reafon, quite different from ours. They boaft
efpe'^ cially of two great Cities, Machimu^ and Eujehes j the Inhabitants of
the firft
^*^ maintaining themfelves by driving altogether a Trade of War,
muftering
"^ up, and filling theirnumerous Regiments with feveral valiant Nations.
The
'' Lifted Citizens amount in their Mufter-Rolls, all bred to Soldiery,

to two
*^' Millions, of whom few but fcorn either dying bravely by Wounds
received
with Flint=:edg'd Laths, and Staves, in ftcad of Spears, pointed with
Stones,
' not knowing the ufe of Iron or Steel, but fo over^ftock'd with Gold
and
' Silver, that they account it a Drug of lefs Value than our bafeft
Metal.
Some Years fince they march'd into our World, a hundred thoufand ftrong,
'' as far as the Hy^erhorean Mountains, where being informed, that all
the Na=x
^^ tions of our World, compared with them, liv'd in a poor and
defpicable
" condition 5 as not thinking them worth their Conqueft, they returned.
But
" thefecond City Ettfehes, dcds altogether in Peace, and its Citizens
are not rapacious, but exercife Juftice, fo much affeding Vlorality and Divine
Wor' fiiip^ that they conquer Heaven by their Piety and Meeknefs j and the
Gods
themfelves are pleased to defcend, and advife with them concerning their
" Celeftial Affairs.
Who obferves not this to be a Poetical Relation^
better
the Acquirements of Peace are, than thofe of War
only
Men, the other, the Gods ^ Nor can more be taken
Difcourfe,
but that the Ancients believ'd there was another
our
Antipodes,

fliewing how much

the one conquering
out of jElians
Habitable World to be

Thus far hath been difputed concerning the Original o^ ih^ Americans
y\Mho[c
Plantations from Tyre or Carthage by Sea, are found altogether invalid :
Yet
Luiuirics Nvkthcr the we will fearch a little further, to fee whether
the People Analogize, either in
jnfhruricMis of the t'he- ^
uh the ^- their Religion, Policy, Oeconomy, or Cultoms.
It is certain, that the ancient ^henicians liv'd in Tents, and fometimes
exchanged eateU'Up Paftures for frefli, which the Americans to this day
obferve by which it might appear, that they are of a Thcnician Extradl. But why
not
as well derived from l>{umi(lia^ Tartary, or the ancient Patriarchs, who
all liv'd
fuch an unfettl'd wandering Life ^ Befides,the ^henicians had a long

time givea
over Paftoral Bufinefs, for Maritime Affairs of greater confequence, not
only
Merchandizing through all the World, but fending great Colonies in Ships
to
nevy

CC
(
CC

Con
niciam a^rec \v
i^\ tnericans.

Chap. II. A'MEX^ICA.

new Plantations : And moxto\ttytht Americans could not fo ftrangely
degenerate from their Anceftors, but would have built great Cities like them j
of
which many were found in ^henicla, but none of Antiquity in America.
As to their Religion, if it agreed with the fhemcians, it was the fame
that all Asaifo both their ReUthe World profefs'd at that time, and therefore may as well be extracted
from ^'''"'*
any other, as them : 'Tis true, we find them inclind to Sorcery, and
dealing
with Evil Spirits, as the fhenicians, in which they were not only
guilty, but all
other Nations at that time.
Nav,whv not as well tranfported out of Ma or Europe.vjhcTt were formerly
The Known worid for1 f r 1 1 1 r 1 t 1 1 r> A J '"^"'y ^"^^ '^^ Witches.
many the likeTamperers,and thole that dealt in iuch Diabolical
Sciences ? And
why not from Salmantka^ where, qls Laurentius Ananias relates, Magick-

Arts BeNat.mmon.i.z.
were publickly taught, and they commenced Dodors, and took their Degrees
according to their Learning ? The Devil alfo hath publick Worfliip
amongft
the Americans, and fo he had vj ith the Thenicians : yet not only they,
but the
whole World had dedicated Temples to him. Here began Humane and Infer*
Lucan.ub^e,
nal Sacrifices, fuppofing that Evil Spirits were delighted, and fo
feafted with
the Steam of Humane Offerings, whofe fweetnefs made them milder, and fo
intoxicating^ luU'd them into lefs mifchief.
How famous is Zoroafter, and the whole School of the Eafiern Magicians ?
u.^indnh^^odTmld
In Mo/es's time this Wickednefs had already took place : Nor can it be
deny'd nov/hy Ac Americans.
but that the ^henicians carry'd their Idols in their Ships, as Herodotus
teftifies, -^ Wois in ships.
faying , *^ The Image of Vulcan much refembies the ^hmicians ^atacoioi^
which
" they plac'd on the Fore-caftle of their Ships.
In like manner, the Americans when they go to Sea^, carry their Idols
with
them ; and the Ships took Name from the Image, which was either painted
or carv'd on the Stern, or plac'd elfewhere upon the Deck.
The fame Cuftom the Chinefes obferve to this prefent : Vrancu 'Xayeriiis
relates, ^^ That he faiTd in a Chinefe Vefiel from Goa to Japan, which
bore an
" Idol in its Stern , before which the Mafter lighted Candles, perfum'd
it
**^ with Aloe-wood, and offered Birds and other Food , inquiring of it
the
" Event of his Voyage. Sometimes he judg'd from the Statues immovable
[' Looks, that it would fall out fuccefsfully j and other times, not.
Laftly, Torphyrim relates, '^ That the fhenicians upon any great
Exigency, as ^^ ^^pn^nt ^numi.u\
" War, exceflive Heat, or Mortal Diilempers, by order feleded one of the
** moft comely and beautiful of their Children, to be offered up to
Saturn. And
Eufehius faith alfo out of ^orphyriuSy ^^ Thz-t Saturn, whom the
^henicians call Prewar. Evang \^h..i:
" Ifrady the Learned Vof^ius and Hugo Grotius read 1/, or El (one of the
ten
** Names of God in Hebrew) which they alfo give to the Planet Saturn,
who

" when he Reign'd in ^henicia, having one only Son born by the Nymph
Ano<>
" hret, and was in danger to lofe his Kingdom, being worilcd in an
unlucky
" War, he drefs'd him in Royal Robes, and placing him on an Altar built
for
^J that purpofe, facrific'd him with his own Hands.
And although fuchlike cruel Oblations are us'd in America, mu^ it
therefore m anj children ufed
ft* , ^ . . r r \ 1 for Sacrifices by i\\e PheniroUow, that they are derived from the ^henicians,^htx\ leveral other
People are a<Tw and other People.
guilty of the fame ? Nay, there is fcarce one Countrey, which hath not
at
fome time or other perform'd fuch inhumane Ads, feeming to them Zeal in
their Religion 5 for the moil eminent of the Heathens fcropled not at
it, which
certainly are held to be the ^erfians, Greeks, and ^mans j and yet they
were not
abhorrM^ though committing Humane Slaughters.
This holy Butchery and Religious Slaughter of Mankind began in ^me m

li

24.

V.'hn forbade the facriScini oi Men.

Lib.Je Stt^ey/lit,

R.er.PeiJtc.1. r.
Lib. ! I . Gifoc

Lii. 1 . caf.

Bsll. Gal! Comm.

%R.f^.^.v.i<,iy.

^ M E T{I C J.

Chap. II.

the Emperor Adrians Reign, To continuing till the time of Terttillian,

LaBantlus, and Eufehius. The Gredj which inhabited the iitmoft part oHtaly, employ'd themfelves daily in Sacrificing Strangers to Saturn, and
fometirnes one
another. But at laft this formal Cruelty became a ridiculous Cuftom
for the
(^Qma?is by fevere Edidts ftrialy forbad allfuch Humane Offerings: Yet
that they
might retain fome memory of their former Sacrifices, they order'd thirty
Images to be made of Ruflies, which every year on the fifteenth o[ Jpril,
were b'y
the (]{oman Priefts and Veftal Nuns, to be thrown from the Mihian
Bridcre into
the Tyher.
Moreover, Manethon rchus, '' Th^t the E^yptiajis in Heliopolis us'd to
offer
three Men at once to ^w^/o 5 which Cuftom was obferv'd till King ^w^yiy
order'd, That in ftead of Men^they (hould ferve her with Wax Candles.
Jmefirps, Queen to the famous Xerxes, caus'd twelve Men to be burn'd
alive
as an Oblation, to pacific and oblige fluto to maintain them in their
prefent
Grandeur.
Trocopius relates of the People about the Jrahtan Gulfh, '' That they
often^^ times Sacrific'd Men to the Sun,
'' The Indians, faith 'Tomponius Mela, kill their nearefl Relations and
Parents
'' before they decay by Sicknefs or Age, and judged it fit and moft
Religious to'
" Fcailand Banquet themfelves with the Entrails of the flain.

The Albanians , ^sStraho relates, offer yearly one of their Priefts to

the
Moon.^
The fame Afe/rf relates of the T^wn, That they us'd to cut the Throats
of
Strangers, whenever they came near to the Place of their Sacrifice.
The Egyf)tian Idol Typhon, as you may read in Mancthon, was daily made
red*
hot, and living People put in^, and broylM to death.
But to pafs by feveral other People guilty of fuch bloody Idolatry, Howdid the Altars creded in the Woods in Gaul and Germany, for Taran,
Hefus, Tentares, and Woden, continually fmoke with the Blood of Humane
Expiations ?
Of which Cdfar faith thus in his Commentaries j " The Gauls are a very
Devout
'' and Superftitious Nation j and therefore when any were dangeroufly
fick^,
'' or likely to be worfted in Battel, they vow'd to feaft their Gods
that favM
'' them with Humane Flefli , and" if need were, would make themfelves a
"' thankful Sacrifice to thofe that helped them off in fuch an Exiaence.
Con'^cerning thefe bloody Rites, they confuked and imploy'd the Druydes, by
" whole advice they all believed that no Vidim was fo acceptable to the
IS^u*^ mens , as pour'd<out Humane Blood, but efpecially that of
Malefacfbors
'^ which Dainty if they could not procure, their Gods mull: be treated
with
*^ the Lives of the Innocent.
Laftly,the Holy Scripture faith thus, W}?en the I'Qng of Moab faliy that
the battel
was too fore for him, he took ivith him fe\en hundred Men that drew
Sr^ords, to break
through even to the I\ing of Edom 5 but they could not. Then he took his
eldefl Son, that
fmdd have reigned in his flead, and offered him for a 'Bmmt-ojfering on
the Wall.
Thefe Tcftimonies are fufficient Witneifes^ That the Ancient Heathens
ex*
preisM the height of their Devotion, and fury of mad Zeal, in fuch
execrable
Rites, as to this day the like is pradifed by the hidians, Chinefes,
Japanners, and
others: Wherefore it can no ways be a fufficient ground to prove ;, that
the
Americans are derived from the fhenicians, becaufe of their Humane
Sacrifices,
for that they were ufual Cuftoms in all Places,

Th

vie

Li.
1

Chap. II. ^ AMERICA.

The third Proof they offer us, is borrowM from the fimilitude and
likenefs
of thtnmkun and American Languages : Comt(us fets down fome Words, Vi^.
tht^henklans C2XVA a Mountain, ^W^ 5 Blood, Edom -^ a Mother, Anech ^ a.
Maid, miotia ; Water, Heni, znd Jam : With the firfl agrees the American
Anth^
la. with the fecond, Ho/fioc/7; with the third, >4W ; with the foutth,
tt/lotie- with the fifth, Ame, Sind Jame. But thofe that will thus corrupt
the
Words, may as well make the unfeemlieft Comparifons. It is certain, that
the
nenictans and fome of the Americans call a Cup Afur, and Red Wine,
^elafa But does it therefore follow by this, that the one is extraded from the
other ?
How many Names do fignifie all one, amongft People that never had any
Convcrfation together ? This proceeds only from meer accident j Or clfe
if
fome Words of one, found like the fame Words us'd in a remote Countrey,
and be of one fignification, muft they therefore be deriv'd from one
another ?
Then upon necefllty the Greeks, Latins, and Germans had their Original
from the
HehreTi^s, br the Latins from the Greeks, or the Germans from the
Latins, or the
^erfians from the Germans ; or, on the contrary, the laft owe their
Extrad to
the firft. I will as a Teftimony, and to give you a Pattern, pick out a
few
from a greater number.
How little difference is there in many Words between the Greek and
Behrew ? The Hebrews call a Church=Congregation Sanhedrim , the Greeks
:ZvviS^e^ov ', the Greeks ^or I advife, ufe,raG, the other nHSl ; the
a^reTbs call
,Wife-men Zo^hei, the other So>o. : And lefs difference there is between
Symphoniah and S.^<po.;<x, A welLfet Lejfon ^^ ot Tfanterin ^nd ^^ATig^o., A
Spiritual Hymn:
And who alfo will not find a near refemblance in the confonating of

divers
Latin 2Lnd Hejbrew Words? For there is little difference betwixt
M/rtf/? and
Menfura, a Meafure ; Shekar and Saccarus, a fweet Moipre LeVya and
Leana, a
'Lionefs,Sabheca^ndSa7nbuca,aChoppmg'^hoard- (Pefa ^ndTajfus, a?ace.
Then ftarting over the Greek and Latin, the Tcutonicks would likewife
pro.
ducc many Words which have the fame found and fignification with the Hebrew J as Chobel,a QaUe ., Ethmol and Etmael, Watching ; Sothim and
Sotten, Fools ; the
Hebrew Arets,is in 'Dutch,Aerde, or as we in Englijh^Eard Lands 5 <^hert
and ?eert, a
Horfe Leyyah and Leeuii?,a Lion 5 Shad and Schade a, damages 5 K^iffe
and liujfen.m
our Dialed the very fame,/(,# ; 5/^^^^ ^^^ Schenken, agmng, whence we
derive
our Engli^y Skinker, from ferving of Drink ; 'Bel and Beeld, an Image ;
for Bel
properly fignifies Lord, perhaps becaufe the Images of Heroes or Lords
were
worfliipp d by them, or elfe becaufe I^inus firft ereded an linage for
his Father Belus, ovBel^to be worfhipp'd.
It would make a large Volume it felf, to reckon up the Confonancies of
the Hebrew, Greek, ^nd Latin, 'and their fcatterings among all Languages
where
ever their Empire fprcad, the one being indeed borrowed from the other,
as
all Languages that deal or have any converfe together: For not only the
.Words, with fome fmall Alterations of Letters, fignifie the fame in
both Languages ; but alfo without the leaft alteration. Both Greeks and Latins
exprefs
Ido, hj Ago 5 the Number Eight, by OBo ; an Arm, by Brachium or
Brachion, in
Englijh, Branches, and Braces - I eat, by Edo ; a Cup, by fhiale . a
Curtain, by Cortina, or Cortine ; Merry, by Hilaris, or Hilaros a ratling Noife or
Sound, by Clango-^
a Camel, by Camelus, or Camdos ; a I^nee, by Genu^ or Gonu 5 a Bowl or
Chalice, by
Calix ; a Moufe, by Mus Deceit, by Dolus, or Dolos -, a Houfe^hy
Doinus, or Domos ; ' I carry, by Fero, or fhero -, the Pronoun I, Ego 5 a Lion, by
Leo, or A^'^v .
Flax, by Linum, or Linon 5 a Mother^ by Mater ^ or Meter | now, by nunc,
or nun-^

Third teftimony. That

the JmeHcans are denv'd
from the Phenicians , becaufe their Language agrees

Is contradifled.

Greel^ and Hthew agrae.

Alfo the Nihejf and L4

tin.

Likewife the Teutotiick,

the great Language of Germany , Britain , the lowCeuntreys, nd other Northern Nations.

Grei\ anJ Latin Tongues

agree.
Ahrah. Milii, ling. Bilg.

2<J

A M E -2^1 C A. Chap. II.

theNi^ht, by 2^oXj or Nux -^ a '^ock-ftoney hy Tety a -^ a Kichname ^hy
Sconma, or
Skomma ^ a 'Boatj by Scapha^ or Skaphe j d TreafurCy by ThefauruSj or
Thefauros Father^ by 'P^tt^r j I tremble ^ by Tremo -^ an Hour, by Ho/'.i t/;e
Eyenin^^ hy Vei^era, or Hejpera ; and an innumerable many Words more, chat are of one
fignifis
cation in both.
Ton^'^cXlv^nt ^Ziltuds Now if thcre is not the hundredth part of the
refcmblance found between
the American and Theniciaji Tongues, as there is between the Hehrap,
Greeks, Latin^
and Vtitchj according to the foremention'd Examples, which notwiihflanding
cannot be obfervM to be deriv'd from one another, what teftimony can
there
be in five or fix Words, which only have a few Letters that do not
differ?

^ Ame> ic.tns nvjchiivided gut fuDDofe that the agreeing of the

Theuician and American Tongues could
in ^^^eech aad People. C -*- O O u
ferve for a teftimony, that thefe lafl: People had their Original from
the firft^
then there remams another doubt, Vi:^, To know what Americans
acknowledge
the ^hentcians for their Fathers ^ becauie their Countrey is fo big,
that it may
almoft ftand in competition with all the other three parts of the Know^n
World, being divided by fo many Nations, which differ not only in their
va
rious Cuftoms, but alfo in their feveral Lang-uages, moft of them not
having
the leaft likcnefs one with another : "Nay, often times the Inhabitants
of one
Province differ fomuch in Dialect^, that;, according to Tetrus de Cieca,
the one
cannot underftand the other.
In ^mnica one Tongue JqJ^^^ dc Laet obfcrvcs out of fetcr Martyr, and
other Writers concern in2 the
IS not at ail like the other. -^ -^ ' O
IVeri-hidies yTha.t there are feveral Languages and ftrange Words fpoken
among
the divers Inhabitants o^ Amerka-^^ov the Hurones call a Head Sionta-^
the Mexicans^
T:^ontecontli -^ tht lnh!^hita.nts of IS^ew-iSletherlandy A?wuji -^ the
Br afdians, Ac a)iga the Jaos, Boppe : the Figures One^Two, Three^, and Four, the Hurones
tell thus,
Efcate^ Te?ii, Hachin, Dae 5 the Mexicans, fe, Ome, leij Nahuy ; the
Sankikanders^
Cotte, Nyffe, ISjicha, Wyye ; the Brafdians, Oyepe, Mocoy, Mocapir^
Oirundi j the Jaos^
TelpyUj Tage, Terrewaw^ Ta^?ie 5 the Natives of ]>leip -Netherlands
Onfat^ '^i^^^^S
AJfe, Cayere, Moreover the Hurones call a Father Ayftan -^ the Mexicans^
Tathli -^
the Canadenfers, Notao^n ^ in New-'Netherland, ^agina-^ in Brafile, Tuba
: And fo it
is generally with all other Words, which agree not in the leaft one with
the
other J fo that every Territory hath not only a feveral Dialect, but in
many
Places they ufe befides two, three, or more diftind Speeches, not
relating in
the leaft one to another, in one Province, by which the People
inhabiting
Towns and Villages are diftinguifii'd. The lOanders difcoverM by the
Spani
Dtcad.3. ardsj and deftroy'd, have left few Words behind them ; yet

^cter Martyr fets

down fome of them, which were formerly us'd in Hijpaniola : They call'd
Heaven Tures ; a Houfe^, Boa 5 Gold, Caum j a good Man, Tayno. It is
worthy
Deua.ongAmer.ohf,^. of obfctvatiou, that they pronounce no H in their
Language, but what is fpo*
ken with a Vowel;, and then give it a ftrong Afpiration, like the
w^iibling guttural \! Chain of the Hebrelvs.
f.9 1-. if,t^,i7. Our laft and chiefeft Teftimony is Mofes^ who fays
thus in Genefis, Ctirfed he
Canaan, a Servant of Servants JJ?all he be unto his Brethren, Moreover
he Jcid, Blejfed
he the Lord God of Shem, rt;?^ Canaan fhall be his Servant : Cod pall
inlargc Japhet, and he fiali dwell in the Tents of Shem j atid Canaan fl^all he
his Servant. And
Gm.io.f. If. in the next Chapter, Qanaan begat Suion, Thefe Scriptures
are explained as a
Laft Tefii monies of the Teftiuionv of thc Americans Extracft from the
Thc?ilclans, which they ground on^
Americans F.xtraft from the . "^ , ^ ^
Fhimcims. thcfc followiug Rcafons : The Thenklans are Qanaans Succenors
rrom Sldon^
who gave name to their chief City. T///'^/ the Iffue of J^/'/'Cf, '
whofe Tents
God promised to enlarge, and that Canaan fhould be his Servant, planted
Spam.
The

27

Is contradifted.

Chap. I!. - J M E %^I C J.

The fhenkianSj defcendants from Sydon, (fay they) Peopled America 5 the
Spaniards fpriing from Tubal ^ of Japhct, have lubjedted the Americans^
defcended from
Sydon, of Canaan-^ wherein is fulhll'd that Prophecy of Mofes, That

Canaan
(Imdd be Servant to Japhet j but it feems a great miftake, fo to derive
the fhenicians from Canaan^ for they are Extraded from She?n, Heber, Abraham^ and
Efau, ^^'^^'- ^''''"'"*- '"^'^^
iirnam'd Edom, from his faying, ^dom^ Adorn ^ when he ask'd of Jacobs
That ^^'d,
That (^d^ becaufe he knew not how to call the prepared Pottage by its
proper
Name ; And Edo?n fetling himfelf on Mount Seir, a part of the Stony
Arabia, phenkims dcriv'd from
and on the Coaft of the %ed-Sea, gave denomination to it, becaufe that
Sea ^^'"'"
was much frequented and Navigated by his SuccelTors. The Greeks call it
fir)/*
thrcum, from Erythros , who is the fame with Efau^ and likewife
fignifies %ed.
Hereto is added , That Th^n'tx and ErytbrOi have the fame fignification
in the
Greek-^ So then, thefe Idumeans taking the name of ThenicianSy from the
great l^^hanix, fpread themfelves far and near under mighty Kings, by Navigation in
the
<I(ed'Sea^ and from thence Planted feveral Coafts and Iflands, removing
at laft
to Syria.
The feventh King of <io;;j, Mofes Ycckoneih to he ^aal-hananj which
name, Gen.3^.39,
by tranfpoflng the Syllables, the famous Carthaginian General Hannibal
bare.
Moreover, it may caiily be demonftrated, that the Thenicians Extraded
from
i^^^er, have formerly fpoke He/reiii? , and fince ^r^/'icA 5 for they
dwelt before
their removing, in the Stony ^ Arabia. St. Jerom faith, the
^unickTono^uQ agrees com.injer.i^ c.iy:
for the moft part w^th the Hebrew : And St. ^ujlm tells us, that many,
nay, moft inVLii6.vofforig.jki.
of the Qartha^tman words are Hebrew. Elifa, Vido, the firft Foundreis of
Carthage ^'"'''^ Tongue,
proves this , for Elifa or Eltffah , with the Hebrews^ denotes A Lamb of
my God 5
and T>ido, A Lo'ver, But who can find the leaft Ukenefs, between the
Hebrew or
^r^^/^/i Tongue with the ^wmc^?2j ? Laftly, Since the '?/;f?2ici^i5
acknowledge
Efau for a Father, what then concerns the Americans , the curfe of
Canaan , fince
they are no more Extracted from Canaan^ than the fhenicians ? Thus much
concerning ^he (P/?e^ici^72j.
Some would derive the Americans from the Je'l^s others , from the ten
Tribes of i/r^e/, carry 'd into captivity. The ground of which Opinions
is,
That thtjeiifs and Ifraelites were fcatter'd amongft all Nations

therefore they
conclude, that America was alfo Peopled by them, the rather, becaufe the
an*
tienty^^^ and Americans were of one Complexion , and went a like
Habited^
both going without Shooes, onely wearing Sandals;, and an upper Coat
over
a fhorter Linnen Veil. Both are humble, quick of apprehenfion, and
obliging,
yet Valiant : But it is certain, they cannot be like the Jews, becaufe
the Ameri^
cans change their Habit, according as they live in cold or hoc
Countreys, and
go not in the Icafi: like one another.
Father Lnmanuel relates. That he faw a 'Brafiliany not onely ftoutly
make his
party good againil three Portugal Soldiers, but had it not been by meer
chancCj
worfted them.
Laftly, What Ceremonies of Religious Rites are obferv'd by the
Jmericain.^
t^hich are ufed in Judai/m ? The Jeii?s indeed have tranfplanted their
Circumcifion amongft divers Eaftern People, and have they onely forgot the
firil Ceremony and fignal Badge of their Religion in America, which yet not
onely
they, but thofe Mahumetans and other Sectaries punctually obferve ?
This makes evident their fcatterings about the Face of the Earth, but
will
not bring them to reach America. The Sacred Text lets forth a two-fold
defeription of the Jews The one before the Birth of diir Saviour, when
they
'" ,' E i- - liv'd

if" the Americans were dcrivM from the Jevus^ or the

ten Tubes ot IJrael,

Is contradided.

Jevfs dxftribution.

J^h. 7' ?f-

LJ.! liclB.vamiaie.

2 Reg. 17. 5.

z8 AMERICA. Chap. II.

1 Pvt. T.r: liv'd as (Iran^crs in Tontas, Galatta, Cappadocia. Jfia. and
'Byth'piia. "jerufaletn was
their Metropolis, aithough others had their chief reiidence in Babylon,
a.ndjlex:^
andria-^ for there was an Jfiatick and a European difperfion 5 thofe o^
Ma had
Babylon for their chief City, and iis'd in their Synagogues the Chaldean
Tranflation of the Bible. The Europeans kept their Seat at Alexandria , where
they had
a Temple like that o^ Jerufakm -^ and whilft they employ'd themfelves in
the
Grt'C'^ Veifion of the Holy Scripture , by the feventy two
Interpreters , under
^tolomem Thiladelphu^ , they were calTd Wandering Greeks : Therefore ;,
certainly
the Americans are not deriv'd from thefe Jews j and with as little
reafon from
thofe, which by Titm Fefpafianj after the deflrudion o^Jerufalem were
driven into feveral Countreys, for they were never permitted (that I may borrow
the
words of St. Cyprian) to fet forward one ftep, though but as Pilgrims,
towards
their Native Countrey;, but ftridtly forbidden not to afiemble or meet
together in any confiderable number, which would have been neceffary^ if
they intended to Plant a new World.
A fmall feeming Teftimony is added , being taken out of the fourth Book
of Efdrds , that the ten Tribes of Ifrael that were carry'd away by
Salmanajfar
with their King Hofea to jS^ahalah, Habor, the River Go^n^ and the
Cities oi- the
Medes, might be acknowledged for the firil Planters of Aenc^ :
Concerning
4Efi I5.4o,4I,4^,45, which, Efdras fzith thuSj The ten Tribes brou^-ht
oVer into another Countrey, confulted
that they Jhould forjake the multitude of the Heathens , and tra'vel to
a remoter Countrey
Dphere no Generation of Mankind had ever Itv'd before , there they l\?
ould maintain their

Laws, which they had not obferVd in their Countrey : V/hereupon they
went thither thorolp
the narrow entrances of the {^'^rr Euphrates, for the Almighty flopt the
Vains of the %i'
Ver^ till they were pasi o'Ver for thorow the Countrey was a ^Ipay of
a year and half Journey:
l^herefore that Traci of La?id is caWd A[[iveth, thentheyliVd there till
the laH time.
But fince thefe Books o[ Efdras were not Written by a Prophet, either in
the
Hebreli) Tongue , or allow'd by thtjews to be the Word of God;, or any
where
taken notice of in the M/i? Tfyl^wje?2t J wherefore then is ^Jfareth
move America
than any other remoter Countrey ^
St. Hierom (who certainly had a peculiar knowledge of the condition of
the
ten Tribes of Ifrael , becaufe he liv'd in Af^ty and held Correfpondence
with
the Jews J that he might perfectly learn the iiZt'i'r^M^Tonguej)
relates, "That
^' the ten Tribes (St.Hierome liv'd about the Year four hundred, under
the Em'' peror Theodofius) underwent great flavery in the Cities of Medes and
Terfians-^
fo that this ilrange Voyage to Jjfareth^ which mull have happened long
before
St. Hierom\ time, may be Recorded amongft the other Legends of the
Rabbles, concerning their Behemoth and LeViathan, who lock'd up the
Souls of
^4^nfi.6.4?,5o.& I4.1N ^^^^^ j.|^^^ lleighted their Laws, in Caves under
ground, as Efdras.
Antient conditicnof the ^ud how little Opportunity the ifraelites had to
remove fince his time, may
appear by the horrible Deftrudion that was made for feveral Ages
together in
Terfia a.nd Media j for although the Terfians became Mailers again of
the Realm,
Conquer'd by Alexander the Great, whilfl Alexander's Succeffors invaded
one
another, yet they were continually in War, either againft thz^^ynanSj or
elfc
the Indians^ and other Eaftern People j nay, the Saracens wrefted the
Scepter
out of their hand, though but for a fmall time for foon after ,
breaking out
into Factions amongft themfelves , Muchumet SubiBige?ics., hnbrael's
Son, eftablifli'd his Throne on their Ruines_, and incourag'd by luch fuccefs,
Arm'd
himfelf agarnft the Indians, and made ule of the T;o7a afliftance, with
which
he fubdu'd the Babylonian j4rahians : After which j. the Turks, not
without great

ilauahtet

Jerom .

Mtlchiot Stiierm lU Ii.el>.

T-itrc.

Mora's opinion conctrriing the Amerkam Extraft.

Chap. II. AMERICA.

ilaucrhter fet thcTerJian Crown on their Head , which immediately
totter'd by
bloudy Commotions j for Tan^roUl)ix being King of ^erjta^ clalbing with
his
Brother Qutlumufes , made ^erfa fwim in the Blood of a Civil* War , till
at laft
Zengts Qha7t brought from Tartary fo great an Array, Jnno nob. that none
durft
flay to make oppofition j for the Turks foiTook ^erfia after a Conqueft
of fix
Ages, and made their own way for new Quarters into Carmania, ^hrygta,^
and
fBithynia, whence they made fuch incurfions on the Greek Empire, that at
laft
they became fole Mailers thereof. Who cannot but eafily judge by
this, .how
little opportunity the ten Tribes had , to be affembled together from
remote
Countreys, and to go long Journeys through untrack'd ways, and full of
Enemies, to travel to America ?
Immanuel de Moraesy who had gotten peculiar knowledge of the Americans
by
his long Converfation w'ith them, judgeth that they are not deriv'd from
one
People, but from the Qarthaginians and Jews^ and that at feveral times,
and places, they Landed in this New World; for the Carthaginians Sailing
thither,
found the Soyl fo fertile, that many forfook their Native Countrey to
dwell
there : Whereupon, it was forbidden upon pain of Death, to fend no more
thither , left if Carthage (hould be invaded by a foraign Enemy, it
fliould want
People for a Home-defence : From this occafion it happen'd , that thofe
that

were already Tranfpdrted, became rude, and of a Salvage Difpofition, and

fpreading their Families, planted the defolate Countreys in a ranging
manner,
without acknowledging any Supreme Head or Governor*
Thus being fcatter'd up and down , every one invented to himfelf a new
Language, which iliould neither agree with the Carthaginians, or any
other :
But this Opinion is before at large contradided.
Moreover, Moraes endeavors to fliew, that the 'Brajilians are of a
Hehreli? Exi*
tra5t, becaufe that according to the example of the Jei^s-, they
might not Mar^
ry, but in their own Tribes j they alfo call their Unkles, Fathers, and
their
Aunts, Mothers - both mourn for the Dead a Moneth together, and wear
long
Garments down to their Ankles. But thefe Arguments feem to us of fmali
confequence, for indeed tht 'Brajilians difftv in their Marriages from
the j^^K^^yy
for they not onely Marry in their own Tribes, but frequently commix With
their Sifters, and Daughters, or other their neareft Relations.
Moreover, the
Jeii>s call'd them Fathers, from whofe Loyns they fprang many Ages
before, as
well as their Unkles, which the Americans do not. '
The Mourning for the Dead hath been an old Cuftom, and is not obferv'd ^
by many People, but the time of a Moneth was not fetled amongft them,
buc
was obferv'd after a more unufual manner , feventy days, as in the
Fields of
Moab for Mofes , and elfewhere for the Patriarch Jacob. Laftly, all
people
know, that the (2(o24?w and 'P^r/idw.y girt themfelves about with long
Clothes.
Befides, the Jews were ftrictly bound to obferve Circumcifion, without
which
they were not accounted Je^s ^ which the Srafilians ufe not, as neither
their
Language or Letters. How is it poffible , that in ^wmc^ they fliould at
once
have forgotten their Extrad, Laws, Circumcifion, Language, and other Ceremonies, when the reft of them obferv'd nothing more ftridly in all
parts of
the Earth F
The Learned Hugo Grotim, in his Enquiry after the original of the
Jmericans, .^''Z^^.^ls^^^
brings them with many Circumftances to belong to fana?7ia, fituate
oppofite to ^'^^''^''
the Northern Parts of Nora^^j/, becaufe fomethirig of their Languages
agrees,and
the Way thither eafie and neareft to be found : for rft they travelled
from Nor*

Cuftorasand Conftitutions of the Brajilians arc fevera].

IL

Ifaac Pout anus de Keh.

D.taicts.

,0 A M E-'^T C J. Chap. II.

way to Y/land, over which the Mbrwegians Rurd above a thoufand years
iince - To
iiomljland through Frie:^a?id to Groenland, and from thence to
BJlotiland, bcino-'
a part of the Main Continent o^ America.
From Vrie^^and fome Fifiiers went thither (as he fays) two Centuries be*
This Opinion i. largely forc thc Spaniards touch'd that Shore ; which
7o/;?2 de Laet contradictls. And indeed what Reaions can be given, why the Amertcans or the Straights ^
between
Manama, and No7nhre de D^o;, lying Northerly, fhould have another
original than
thofe that live to the South;, feeing the fame Straights are neither
divided by
Mountains nor Rivers 5 and the Spaniards found no alteration in the
Cuftoms
and Languages betwixt them that liv'd above or below thefe Straights.
And
who will believe that Ncnvay, which was but indifferently peopled, could
afford fuch numerous Colonies as could plant the Northern Jmericcij which
far
exceeds the South, and chiefly, when the great Idands that lie near the
Eaft
and Weft, are added to it ? Moreover it is certain, (if the Yflander
Jngrim Jonas
is to be credited) that fome Families fled out of NonT?^^ from their
enraged
King to Jjland in the Year 874. which at that time was but meanly
inhabited.
Forty years before, Lni^w the Juft put the Yflander sun Act the

procedion of
Pope G/T^or;) the fourth, who gave the Government of the Tfland Church
to
Anfgar Archbifliop of Hamburgh. But how comes it that there is not the
leafl
fpark of C/;ny?w??/Vj)/ found amongft the Northern Americans ^ if they
are derived
from the Ifland Chrifiians ^ and why did the If [landers remove to
colder Countreys than Greenland and Frie:^land^ or their own native Soil, and for
the mofi:
part not inhabited ?
Concerning Greenland and Frie^and^ it is known by our E)iglijh
Navigators
that they are joyn'd together, and both to the Northern America-^hwi not
with
out vaft Bays and Inlets, which betwixt Greenland and America are
obftrud:ed
with floating Caftles of Ice j fo that the Paffage is very dangerous.
And full
as troublefom, if not altogether impoffibk;, would the Journey be by
Land,
becaufe the Earth lies fo thick covered with Ice and Snow, efpecially
the Val
leys, that no Traveller is able to get through.
Moreover, that which Grotius lays farther of the FiOiers which firft
difcover'd Eflotiland, is grounded on the Relation of the Venetian Knights_,
jSljcholas
znA Marcus Zeno^ two Brothers. Annon^%o. Nicholas <;^^o fuffer'd
Shipwrack
on the Frie^land Coa.0: '^ Marcus informed thereof, fteer'd his Courfe
thither
fourteen years they fpent before they came to EJlotiland : at laft they
returned
again to Frie^and, where ]\[icholas died : But Marcus returning home
publifh'd
his Journal 5 wherein he relates, Th^it EJlotiland is above a thoufand
Learues
diftant from Fn>;^/W, and was diicover'd by Fr/?;^/^?;JFiflier-men that
were
driven thither by Storm. But he hath fct down many things that have
little
refemblance of truth.according; to v-^hat is fince found bv credible
Navic^atorsand therefore we cannot depend on Zeno's Difcovery.
John de Laet accounts it a great miftake in Grotius, that as a teftimony
of the
America?is oxiginA out of ^or way J he compares their Languages. He
reckons
up fome Places to be Northward of Tanamaj which end their words with the
fy liable L4 in ftead of Lrt>/J, hcca.u fc thc Spaniards have left out
the Letter D
at the end thereof. It is certain, that in the Northern jimerica lie

Cimatlan.,
Qoatlan, Guefcolan, Artlan y Quaxutatlan,' IcatLviy Tapatlan,
Cinacatlanj Tenuchitlan^
(jmitlan, Met::iitlan, Guatitlan^ Js^ecotitlanj Curcatatlan. '^cfidcs^
that mofl: of thefe
Names are not of Countreys, but of Towns and Villaaes, and therefore no
ways fitting to have the termination of Land: and it is well known that
many

The Voyage of two Zeno's.

Kdatio Marc. Zenonis.

The American Tongue

is nothing lil^e the MorVUginn.

31

opirion concerning
City Morwmbegti la
Americft,

Qhap. II. ' ; J M.E "B^l C A.

ny 'American words end with L<3/j, which fignifie nothing lefs than Land
: for
the Mexicans fay ^uertatitlan, which (ignifies Jt the Gate helow j
Ochachitla?it;^itlany
Yet lower TenoxtitlaUy (this City is alfo call'd from her Founder
Mexis^ Mexico)
that is, ^Jis on a ^ck. Moreover, it may not without reafon feem ftranae
to
any, that the Northern Americans have remembred but three Cities out of
all
the Teutonick Tongue, V/;^^. Lan in ftead Land.

Concerning Groenland, through which the lS{orwegians are thought to have

^''o'*'iand when difc^
traveird to ^;mV4, Lj//Wer witneffeth^ That it was accidentally
difcover'd serm. i. jmi^. Dank.
by one Eric gander ^ Aimo 987. and planted thirteen years after.
Olausy King of Norib^j/, plac'd two Bifliops over the new Inhabitants,
as Sub*
ftitutes to the Archbifliop ofDronthen. For four Ages they Sail'd
frequently to
Groenland'^ but fince their King was impoveriHi'd by War, they left off
that
Trade.
We find not in any Author, that the Koni?e^ians which liv'd along the
Seafliore, ever went to feek a Way over the inacceffible Snowy Mountains of
Groenlandj to this our New World*
Befides, Grotius da^nds oy the Norw^^^idw^ as Planters, upon teftimony
of the
Mexicans themfelves, who told the Spaniards, That their Anccflors which
planted there came from the 2s[prth, firft fetling themfelves on EJiotiland,
where to
this day there are not improbable proofs by feveral remarks, that they
were a
ISlorwepan Colony.
In the jimeman City lS[pr-umhega., live a People that fpeak the fame
Language, ^he
and obferve the fame Cuftoms with the Mexicans.
In this by=Corner are found alfo fome AlaVards, or Longohardsy or
Lombards
as they fay. Now the Spaniards call that New Mexico becaufe laft
difcover'd
though indeed the old, cramm'd with People eight hundred years fince :
for
the Mexicans oiNeii? Mexico do not lie fo far Northerly, as to the
North-weft v
for this SMexico lies in fight o^ California ^ which is believed to
border on Tartary^
oratleaft feparated from it by a narrow Channel. But Norumbe<Ta ( if
ever
fuch a Place was) muft, according to the V/efi-Indian Records, have been
fituate
where a part of Ne-^ France lies, now planted by the Engltjh : between
which
and New Mexico lies an almoft unmeafurable vaft Tracft of Land. Mean
while
here is not thcleaft fign of this City Norm^e^^ to be found : neither
do the Inhabitants dwell in Cities, but live in Tents, or moveable Villages,
which
change their Names as oft as their Governors. Moreover, the Norwegians

could
ilot get to this Norumhega by Land through Yjland and Groeiiland to
EJiotiland ^
becaufe of the vaft Bays, and great Midland-Sea, difcover'd by the
Engltfi in
their North=weftern Difcoveries ; fo that leaving EJiotiland, it was
altogether
impoflible for them to come to Norumhega.
Hereto may be added what the Mexicans fay of themfelves, who acknow^.
ledge, That travelling from the North, they did not find an un=inhabited
Countrey before them, but were forc'd to make their Way by a long and
bloody War with the Chichimecen, a falvage People, that knew neither
Laws or
Religion.
The People alfo dwelling oppofite to California ^difftt from the Cuftoms
of
the Mexicans J being divided into feveral People of contrary
Conftitutionsy and
as diifererit Languages. '
Grotius fcrues up his Arguments from the likenefs of the American Speech
and cudom
Cuftoms with iht Norwegian : for (fays he) there is little difference
between """'"'''
^^^od and hy -God yOt like God - Guaird smd JVaeijcr, that is^jFan Iktna and Lam,
i^n:

Chichimecetf,

loms and Conflitule Mexicans.

aa&

<iA M E%1 C A.

Chap, IL

11'

A defcription oF the
firangc Beaft Ikma in

in Bngl'ifhy Lamh j Teh and 'Beke^ a i-ooA or Rivulet, Both Cuftoms and
Coiiftitutions have alfo great refemblance. The Mexicans relate, that their
Prede*
ccflbrs onely followed Hunting ; that they divided and rcckon'd the
Time,
not by Days, but by Nights, and wafli'd their Children as foon as they
were
born in cold Water,
They are fo much inclined to Gaming, that they venture their Liberty at
itJ
Everyone is fatisfi'd with one Wife, except fome of the Nobility, which
oftentimes have more. They throw up high Banks in feveral places to damni
out the Sea 5 believe the Immortality of the Soul ^ every one eats at a
peculiar
Tabic 3 moft ^of them go naked, onely cover their Tudenda with a Cloth ;
fome
Sacrifice and eat Mans^flefli : all which, according toTacitMy Tliny,
LucaUy and
other ^man Writers, was obferv'd by the antient Germans- from whom thofe
that inhabit between the Norwegian Mountains were extraded.
Thefe Allegations, to make the Korivepans to be the Parents ofthcNor*^
them Americans, Joh?i de Laet thus contradicts : *' It no ways follows
that one
'^ People take original from the other, becaufe here and there are
feveral words
'* found, that have the fame fignification and found in divers
Countreys;
*^ much lefs when they mufl: either add, change, or diminifh feveral
Letters.
*^ Moreover, there is no fmall miftake in the compared words : for Ta^od
is
" not us'd all over jimerka ; the Eafi-Indians about the River Indm,
call their
" Idol-Temples "P^^ocijOr ^agode the word Guaira is no where us'd in
America^
" but by the TeruVtans^ and with them not fignifying a Van^ but a little
Oy>en 5
'' neither is llama a Lamhj (For before the coming of the Spaniards
thither, nei*
*^ ther Sheep nor Lambs were ever feen in Tern) but a Wool-bearing Bead,
*'' thus defcrib'd by Jofeph de Jcojla :

^' llama (fays he j a four-footed Creature, furnifhes its Mafter with

Meat
" and Clothing, and fupplies the office of a Beaft for Burthens, and at
no
" charge for Hay nor Provender, well fatisfi'd with what he finds in the
Ways
'^ or Mountains. But \\\q llama's are of two forts, cither woolly, or
fhort*
<' hair'd:

Ghap.II. A M E R I C J.
*' hair'd : the firft go by the Name facos, the other Moramoro^ beincr
not much
" lefs than a Calf, with a long Neck like a Camel, but of feveral
colours for
^' iome are white, fome black, and others fpeckled, having an odd Look,
efpe*^ ciaily when they are tyM, and fland ftiU without any motion, ftarinowicli
**^ goggle-eyes on their Owners : Sometimes in a moody humor, upon a
fud^''^den taking a freak, they runup to the -top of almoU inacceflible
Mountains,
'^ where both the frantickBeaft and his Burthen are loft. The
f^^coifometimes
" like wife takes fudden Pets^ and fuftian Fits, often doing the forward
Super/alt,
'*^ tumbling over and over with their Goods, and will not be rais'd,.
their moo*^^dinefs continuing, with beating, nay though they cut them to
pieces :. but the
^^ beft way is to fit down by them, and wait fome hours till their humor
be'^ ing Ipent they rife again of their own accords. Thefe Beafls are much
iur
'^'^ clinM to a Difeafe caird Carajhe or the JM^z/^e^ of which they
generally
*' die : and becaufe the Difeafe is very catching, they ftraight bury
the infect*
^' ed alive, fothe better to preferve the reft. -, - . . . . ,
Grotlus alfo miftakes, when he compares the Mexican feh with the T>utch
'Beke J for though many Mexican Places^, Mountains^ and Rivers,
terminate ia
feke, yet it fignifies not a Srookot <^hulet, for that they call
JdauhtlL^
John de Laet tells alfo, That with great diligence he found a Mexican
Di6tio*
nary. Printed by the ^ipantards m Mexico, to fitiJ if there were any
words in it
which agreed with any of thofe European Languages that he uuderftood but

found not one.

It is the fame cafe with the Cuftoms and Conftitutions between the
KorlQegtans and Northern ^wmc^wj : for what concerns Hunting, how many People
have formerly liv'd by it ? The antient Germans, and to this day the
T^rf^ry
make it their whole buiinefs, excelling in that Art all other Nations.
Befides,
that the more ferious fort of the Mexicans many Ages fince fcorn'd to
derive
themfelves from a Hunting Anceftry, but affirm that they found the
Chichimecen
in thofe Countreys; who were great Venators,
The accounting of Tirne by the Nights, extraiSled from the Hebrews, is
ob-'
ferv'd by divers Eaftern People : and although the Germans dipt and
wafli'd.
their Children in cold Kivers, or Braoks, fo foon as they were born, yet
the
Mexicans heyer did it, but the Mother lays the Child on the fourth day
after its
Birth, in an open place of the Houff . in the middle whereof ftands a
Pot full
of Water cover'd with Broom, in which they wafli the Infant. Neither are
the Americans fo much add.i6ted to the Vice of Gaming as other Nations,fo that
Grottu s t2ixcth. them too feverely as to that point : as on the
contrary, he too
much clears them of Polygamy, whereas the Mexicans Marry as many Wives
as
they pleafe, or are able to maintain. Father Martyn ^ere^ rislates the
fame of
the Cinaloans, and other Americans j as alfo Quarterius of the Natives
in ISloya Francia, which }ie n'eareft to Norway. And what need the Americans have the
Germans
their Teachers, to make Dams and Banks againft Floods, lince Nature and
Nec^flicy it felf inftruds it? and where are any People Co ignorant, as
to
afcribe the fame event to Men and Beafts after death ? 'Tis true, their
man*
ner of eating in A?nerica is feveral, becaufe the People do not much
converie
together : but they did not go naked ; for the Spaniards found them not
onely
neatly Habited, but had a proper Name for every thing they wore. The
Virginians us'd long Shirts - the Floridans Skins of wild Beafts and
towards the
North they cover'd themfelves from Head to Foot in hairy and undrefs'd
Hydes= The facnficing of Men was in former Ages fpreading far and near
F over

??

3 Orig. GmiiUmAnti'

rn.

Cuftoms of the 4mfTf'

cans.

Their Ciotking,'

"t\

'The Amefie/iH! are not

gxtra'ited from China,

AME%,ICA. Chap.IL
over the Woria, and how far it was pradisM here, hath been already
declarM
at large. Laftly, all the Jmericans are not guilty of eating of Man'sflefli, buc
that falvagenefs is confined to the Southern America.
Thus much we have (aid, to prove that the ISlonvegians had no hand in
planting the Northern Jmerka, we fhall now proceed to enquire who
planted
the Southern Parts, from the Straights between <Panaim and ^prnhn de
Dws, tp
the Straights o^Magdlm, .
The Peruvians, pofTeflinga large Tra^ of Land along the Coaft of the
South^^
Sea, Grotius would thus derive from China :
'' The fernVians,hdn^o^2, fubtile Wit,and quick of Apprehenfion, argue
fuf.

'' ficiently that they are not extracted from the more Northern Jmemans,
hut ra*
*' ther from the Chmefes, which the feveral Wrecks of Qmiefe Ships found
ofi
"thefeCoaftsfufficiently evidence: and no wonder, if curiofity or
accident
' brought the Ch'mefes expert Navigators to this Countrey, feparated
onely by.
' one S^'ea from them. To this we may add their Rites of Religion 5 for
both,
worfiiip the Sun, and call their King the Son of the Sun ; they write
no LetRelation of Af.fflw/>^- t ^^^^^ ^^^^^ j^^|.g chara5lers downwards.
Mancoca^acus was a Chinefe of ftrange
''^ Policy who being informed that his Countrey-men inhabited
fruitful Coun'' rreys on the other fide of the South^Sea, but without Laws or
Government,
<' Sail'd over thither, and g^thcr'd the fcatter'd Multitudes in a Body,
and
"eftablifli'd an hereditary Kingdom after the Chinefe manner, to him and
his
^^ Succefibrs.
To which yok deLaet anfwers thus : ^'^ Though the (PeruVtam excee4 the
other Jmericans in Policy, and at the arrival of the Spaniards liv'd in
a
handfom Order of Government, yet they can no ways be compared to the
" fliarp-wittcd, and noble-fpirited Chinefe s -^ nay, there are in no
Place of ^cm
'' found fach Artificers as thofe of Qnna, that bear the praife of all
the World j
no where fuch manner of Buildings or Cities, nor the lead likenefs of
the
'' Chinefe Curiofities. As concerning the Wrecks found in fern, I find
no ere" dible Author that gives an account thereof: for certainly the Chinefes
could
"much eafier, and a nearer way have come through the Jtlanttck 5e4 to
the
'' Coafts of Jmertca, lying to the Eafl of fet'u, than fteer along the
vaft, and
*^ much greater South Sea, and endure the horrible Storms and vail
Waves,'
*' which the European Ships are fcarce able to endure, much lefs the
Chinefe Vef" fels, which are not fo good. The Spaniards which Sail yearly from
Acupul" CO to the Philippines are fenfible of the great danger which they
endure, chiefly
** by the great gufts of Wind near California, Befides, the <PeruVtans
before the
^' the arrival of the Spaniards, were utterly ignorant of great Ships,
and the ufc
" of Sails. How could they at once have forgotten that Art, which they
'' brought with them thither, Moreover, it is eafier to Sail from ^eru

to
" China, than from China to "P^rw, becaufe the Winds under the
Equinoai^l
*' Line commonly blow Eafterly. And it is the greater wonder, that the
Chi" nefe Jonks accidentally by Storm fliould be driven to ^eru, becaufe
they
*' were never ftor'd with Provifions but for a fhort Voyage, whereas
this ask'd
''^nine Moneths. But if any one will fuppofe,chat they purpofely direded
their
"^Courfe thither, how came the Chmcfes toSailjuftto ^cru, and not to
ISleip
" Spam , which is much clofer to China ? why were there no Merchan'^ difes of the Chmefi^s found in Tern, fince they went thither for
Trade ? how
*' came they to negled that Navigation they had once found ^ Nor is
their
I' Sun-worfliip (which was formerly pradis'd in moll Parts of the World)
of
?' any

(C

feliap.ll. - J M E KI C A.
*^ any validity to derive them from Ch'inix ? But the contrary is mofi:
apparent
/^ for the Teruyians v\7orfhip for their chief GodjF/r^coc/;rf,that
is^God Almighty^ or
^' Tin Creator of all things. , .
*' The Chinefesj i^ Confutim ah eye-witnefs may be credited, are divided
into
*' three Sec^ts of Religion : The hrft follow the Learn'd Trlgantiips
^ and acknow^^ ledge a King of the Heavens, which muft onely be ferv'd as the
Ch'mefes fole
*^ Governor ; to which purpofe, two Temples are bulk in the Royal Cities
" Nank'm and fekm, one Confecrate to Heaven^, and the other to the
Earth.
* The fecond Se<a hath the name of Scieqma, and ferve the Idol Omyto.
The
*^ third nam'd Lan^u, imploy themfelves in Magickand Exorcifms, Conju-,
^' ring up, and laying EviUSpirits, whofe horrid reprefentations, when
they
" have ftuck upon the Walls , they make an artificial and dreadful
noife, as if

*' Hell were broke loofe, and theHoufe full of Devils fometimes alfo
force
*^ the EviUSpirits to enter into Images, from whence they receive no
imper^' tinent aiifwers to their queftions : Therefore, who will compare this
Su-^
" perftition of the <PeruVtans wo.rfhipping of the Sun^ to the (^/?mf/e
Religion,
*' which do no fuch things ? , . . .
" The Peruvians call'd their King, A Lord of the %ealm, and not The Son
ofths
^^ SuttyZS in China ' Though thcMexicans otherwife worfliip the Sun, and
in their
*' manner of adulatiOn_, ttyVd flcntunJo QortPz^^ their Conqueror, Son
of the Sun :
*' As to what concerns the manner of writing, it is very well known^,
that the
*' Ch'mefes words are all Monofyllables , fo that they have as many
Letters as
*' Words, which they joyn fo together^, that they reckon eighty
thoufand;,
" but with teti thoufand they are able to exprefs themfelves in mod
matters,
'* Thefe Characters are contain'd in their Halpieh or Dictionary. The
antienc
^^ Chmefes us'd feventeen feveral forts of Characters in their writing,
fome con=^
*' lifting of Serpents, that by feveral Wreathes and contortious
Windings, fig" nify'd feveral things ; others, of all forts of agreftick Tools
belonging to
^' Husbandry ; fome Characters of the Feathers of the Bird Funhhoar-^
others of
*^Oyfters and Worms, or of RootS;> of Herbs, or Birds Claws, or of
Turtles,
*^ or of Herbs and Birds Feathers mingled, or of Planets, and fuch like
j but
^'^what manner of Writing or Hieroglyphick of theirs refembles chofe,
'' who by their own teftimony know neither Pen, Paper, Ink, nor any
manner
" of Writing , but reckon the antiquity of time by ftrung Beads , which
^f was obferv'd many ages fince among feveral Nations.
Hitherto we have difcover'd the feveral Opinions concerning the Original
of ^Origin^^^^^^^
the Americans, or Hrft Plantation b America, from all which, having
receiv'd no
clear or demonftrativefatisfaCtion, wemuft open our way to a further
fcrutiny:
But firftjWe muft needs confefs,that contradiction is not difficultjbut
it is fomething of Work , when we have beaten down a well-fortifi'd Opinion , to
let
up fomewhat in ftead thereof, to ftand a permanent and undeniable truth,
which will be the harder , in regard the Inhabitants of this new World
have

no old Chronologies concerning their Antiquities, and firft fettling

there j yet
if we cannot go fo far abfolutely to aflert, yet fome probabilities,
grounded (as
we fuppofej upon better reafons, may give more fatisfaCtion ; for none
will cemngXT^'^*^'^^'^''"*
deny, but that the Generations of Mankind being ftrangely multiply'd
after
the Flood , they then living five times our Ages, and Wars not beginning
till
the known part of the Earth was over^ftock'd, juftling for Territories,
and
fome thruft quite out;, at laft found America which fpreading it felf
to a vaft
cxtentj and now found almoft every where well inhabited^ may be guefs'd^
' - ' " V I tha?; , ,

EmbafTy to the Cham;,

Z, C. Zo

^M^^

hl.C.li

that it was not onely Planted from the firft, but feveral times
replenifiiM ilnce
by various Nations 5 Why may not feveral Planters, and at feveral times
m.ake
room for their Colonies, incroaching one upon another, either by force
or
nvIdLtrfcySpeonitr compaa ; as the French themfelves upon the Gauls, the
I^(omdWj upon them,
the Goths among the Spaniards, and the Saxons among the ^rittains, and
the Nor?na}is again upon them ?
Several people may eafily Sail over thither, the Azores or the Canary

Ifles lye
fojthat they are ready(as if defign d)forTranrportation to^^weric^^from
whence
Jcofia made a Voyage in fifteen days. Alfo flmy gives us an account,
thatthefe
lOands lay uninhabited in his time; yet is it well known, that after
^///s
time. Ruins of Buildings were found there, fignifying, they had been
formerly Planted; and why might not thofe ancient Inhabitants Sail thence to
the
neighboring America ?
Tercera lying half way between Spain and America, was frequented by
Navigators before theBirthofour Savior; and it feems as eafie to Sail from
thence
to America, as from the Main Land of 5pdm thither : Add this, that
neceiTity
Marr.n. ^. ReL B[p. forc'd thc Spaniards to look about them for other
Countreys, for fince they
loft their Vidorious Champion ^auctm Gapetm , they were every where
bea-'
ten, being tired out by the fhenician Forces, and that opprefTion over,
fuifer'd
as much under the (I(oman Yoke : WKercfoxc it fccm. nou flrangc,
ifacon*^
fiderable number rcmov'd from thence , that they might live fome where
elfe
in quiet ; for which purpofe they wanted no conveniences to Rig and fet
forth ftout and iuflicient VelTels, able to live in thofe Seas, having
had long
experience from the <?henician Voyagers, whofe Fleets Sail'd daily to
and again
in feveral Expeditions, from Cadi:^ OinA Gibraltar towards thefe Weftern
Countreys : Nay, Hanno himfelf their firll Navigator that way, who gives an
account
of the Gorgonsy or the Ifles o^ Qape Verd, a good part of the way to
America.
And though ^rittain, Ireland, and the <BrttttjJ7 Orcades lay further
from America^
' . yet fomething may be faid particularly to prove. That many Ages
fince, Expeditions had been made from thence to the New World; and that the
Inhabitants of thefe our Ifles, in former Ages, were peculiarly famous
for theic
ji..ynt-aH.c,or,riia^^, skill Itt Navigation ; infomuch, that the
Cretans and <Pk/cu//^ emulous of their
BnJlThTGm^'namt skill, and jealous of their danger, made feveral
Attacques and Invafions upon
thefe Ifles, which is the more probable , many remarks of the fhenician
^r\4
Greek LangYiage, remaining in the denominations of the Countrey : Of

which,
take firft this account :
A?^^:i:^^:':^. Anno 1170. When Owen Guyneth, Prince of Wales, having
Raign'd long and
''^'""' happily in his fetled Dominions, dying, left feveral Sons, who
quarrelling,
their elder Brother, as not contented with their (hares of the
Principality, nor
to be under him, having gotten no mean Interefl:s and Claims to the
whole by
their fliruglings, fo weakned one another, that they opened a way to the
loofincT of all.
Amongft'thcfe Brothers, Madok, a Prince of a milder difpofition, weary
of,
fuch unnatural Diflentions, threw up his fliare , better contented to
feek new
D.v-d powdi^ Hi(io>ii Fortunes abroad whereupon there were many foon
perfwaded to venture
their lives with him, where ever he would pleale to Traniport : So
Rigging
afmallFlcct, he Sail'd Weftward , fir beyond W^^zJ , where at laft he
dif.
covered an unknown and un=inhabited Countrey, but wondrous plealant, the
Air being temperate, and the Soyl mo(t fertile : Glad of this good
fuccefs (as
the Story fays) he returning, fpreading the Fame of this his New-Found^Land,
which

Englifh i;xmc\a Sea-men^

37

Chap. II. ^ A M E%1 C /u

which they might exchange for a barren Soyl, hattcr'd and harafs'd with
an
cndlefs Civil- War.
No fmall number flock'd to thefe Summons, as a mod acceptable Underta-^
kingjfo that foon after he was able to fend forth ten good
Ships^Freighted only
with Men, Women, and Children, and all other Materials fit for a new
Plantation J which not long after Landed in ^c;^^i??2/7,a Countrey in the
North o^Jmcrkaj SiS Francis Lope:^de (}o?^r^ believes, becaufe there he onely

found fome re^

maining Tracks of Chriflianity., a People that woriliipp'd the Crofs ,
but
knew no reafon why' or wherefore they ador'd that fign of our
Redemption.
Now^fome will fay, that this Worfliip of the Crofs is no argument to
prove^^that
the ^Brittijh Chriftians firfl; Planted in the North of America 5 but
what will not
time and change of place do , where Tranfplanted People keep no Records,
fo they forget not onely Religion^ Laws, and Cuftoms, but who they
were,and
from whence they came. Oblivion firfl: mutilating, and at lafl
fwallowing up
all J of which, take this one late prefident. '^
Aftno 1598. The Duke De La %oche obtained leave of the Trench King, to
tranf= Stge occafionof d* u
port a Colony of Volunteers to ISlel^ France 5 in his way he Landed
fifty Men on
the Kland X)e 5^^/(? , to reft his Paffengers, and that he might the
better, and
with more eafe explore the Countrey,and when refolv'd where to
fettle;,then to
fetch them off J who accordingly, a<; defign'd, foon afcct, returning
thither,
was met with fo violent a Storm , that not being able to Weather the
lile of
Sahky where he left his People, he loft his whole Expedition^ and was
driven
back to zFroich Harbor, where no fooner arriv'd^ he was fo highly
charged,
that he was caft into Prifon,when thofe he had left negleded upon the
Ifle,were
not once fo much as thought of j in this interim, they never expe(51:ing
to hear
more of their Captain, liv'd in a wild and miferable condition, feeding
upon
Hfli, and fometimes wild Swme, without Bread, Drink, or Salt.
When the Baron of Lm went with Letters Patents, to be Governor ofKoVa.
Francia, and by ftrefs of Weather in his Voyage , was forc'd to put in
at Sablc^
where he found the remainder of La ^ches People , who being from fifty
re*
duced to twelve, having clad themfelves in Sea-Wolves Skins, they had
not
onely loft their former Fre?2c/? Civilities, but forgot in a manner
their Religion, much of their Language, and what they were, being as if
Metamorphos'd
into beftial Salvages.
And although we have already controverted the improbability of Peopling
iffomedidnotcomeacf 4 -ii -1 r^ r r 1 rrLl cidentally to 4wfm.

dnienca ^ either by accident or Storm, or let purpok; yet it may be

poilibie
that fo it might happen , for as the feveral vertues of Plants, Herbs,
PreciousStones, and Minerals , though ftrangely occult , and fo altogether
unknown,
that what could never be found by Art, meer chance hath brought to
light, and
their wondrous qualities, fome cafual accident hath made apparent j fo
ftrange
and remote Countreys never to be found in our Charts,or Maps, nor
Regiftred
in any Story, Seamen bound to their intended Harbors, have ftumbled on
by
chance, either Hood^wink'd by blind Mifts , or forc'd upon by
pertinatious
Weather 5 of which ^weric^ may be her own witnefs, for how was Columbus
ftirr'd up, but by incitarions of the Journals of a Sea^Captain , dying
in his
Houfe, driven on the American Iflands by foul Weather.
Although from the foremention'd places, and after the fame manner, ^mefmrux wa? PeooU
'^ ' ' ^ prelentjy after the riood
Yica might be furniOi'd with Inhabitants fo it alfo gives us a more
certain ai*
lurance, that the Planting o^ America was not onely foon after the
Flood, but
that they came alfo thither by Land : And how ftrangely would it be
againft

Giants in Amirica.

J M E B. I C J. , r Chap. II:
the Majeily and Wifdom of Divine Providence, to leave half the
llniverfal
Globe^ a World fully fupply'd with all forts of Creatures^ fit for Food
and
Service;, Plants, Herbs, and the richeft Minerals;, like a Houfe new
built,
and well furnifh'd, without a Mafter or any Inhabitant;, "pi;^. Man^ who
be-^
ing of Celeftial Extradl;, fliould be able to acknowledge and glorifie
the Crea-

tor, by admiring the Creature in his great Works : Befides, the confus'd
Notions and Fables of Giants, Perpetrators of all manner of CrimeS;, and
wallowing in all kind of fenfual Debaucheries, are always rcmembred among
the
Antiquities of the Americans , and that they had fome flender hints of
antienc
Truth, not onely of the Giants before the Flood;,but of thofe that foon
after the
rank fatnefs of the Earth, produced and fed to that pitch of Arrogailce,
that the
ccytjuran fratres , virg] covcuanting Brethren defied God, fortifying
themfelvcs to fight him by th^ ad'tS Flood acknowiedg'd Vantage of that their long congeftedPile,!
Bd^f/,which in a fhort time was tranf-

there

fnnary IJtsnds, by whom

difcover'd.

verted by the Heathen Poets into their Gi^antomachia yhca^ing^ Hills on

Hills;, like
the ^wmc^;zTraditions: From which we may conjedure,that they came
thither
in the time o^ Noah 5 for why may not any believe, when Noah liv'd three
hundred years after he Landed on Mount Ararat ^ that he took care to People
the
World ? And who will make him ignorant of this New World, who living
five hundred years before, might not improbably by his own induftry and
the help of the former long-livM ^atriarrh^ , been well able to make a
general
Survey of the Old 5 and he could better furnifh America^ it being nearer
Mount
Ararat J than fupply Italy^ Spain, Germany, or any Northern Territories
in Europe,
To thztJmerica might be known to thefirft people af:er the Flood, nay,
inhabited by them, though fince that, the knowledge was loft.
Tliny complaining of the Supine negligence, and ftupendious floth which
reign'd then and long before as he had obferv'd, among all people, and
in every place, who were fo far from making inquiry after difcoveries of Lands
for

new Pbntations, that rhey loft the old, when they had begun to fettle,
though
under the greateft ferenity of Pfeace ; The Sea by that means lying open
be*
yond what any jun(5ture of former times could be proud of.
Yet the Fortunate,ox Canary Iflands were in the firft ages after
T^fp^/;, frequented
w^ith Vefiels, which in later times were altogether neglected, till
Guillaum 'Betan*
court, a Gentleman o^Ttcardye, brought them again to be taken notice of
by a
H*^w^ Gardens, what fj-^f]^ Trade. The Fable of the Hefberian Gardens,
and the Dragon that kept the
they fignine. Ji f u l
Golden Fruit, with conftant Vigils;, is nothing but an allufior? to the
Sea, which
with Serpentine Embraces, not onely fecur'd thefe Icatter'd Ifles, but
fwal-'
lowM up feveral Adventurers that too hardy made their unhappy approaches
for difcovery.
Another Allegation for the Planting of America by "Land;, both whofe
fides
are wafli'd on the Eaft and Weft, by the South and Atlantick Ocean, may
be
thus probably made out : The Atlantick rowls over with almoft Fathomlefs
WaterS;, three thoufand Leagues of Ground ; the South-Sea not much
lefs,^
which well may be , being indeed but one continued Sea;, encompailiag,
till
mcetini? there, the llniverfal Ball ; whence fprings a more likelyhood,
that
America might be Planted from the Southern parts, from the Straights oi
Magellan, and Le-Mayr,
KeUnoieTmnAuftraU. ^cter Femaudes cU Quir xtXitts , That he and a
Commander, Lodowick ^aesk
, ^r- ru Torra faw a part of the South Countrey , and in it
innumerable Inhabitants.
The Defcripuon of the i J ' "
Whites, Slacks, Sallows, with long, black, curl'd. Woolly, and yellow
Hair.
They know no Walls or FortrelTcs for Defence, Laws or Kings, but are
divided
into

unknown South.

59

DefcriptJcn oiTamrj.

nap. II. - A M E'B^l C J.

into Tribes; They ufe indeed Bows^ Arrows, Clubs, .ind a kind of Spears
S
Their Houfes are covered with Palm-Tree-Leaves ; their
HoufiioldftufFconfifts onely of a few Earthen Pots, and fuch Trinkets ; yet they have
ioms little skill in Weaving, and though they gonaked, pride themfelves in NeckLaces
and Bracelets, made of Mother of Pearl : But thefe for their Complexions
and
Conftitution of Body,Cufloms, and manners, are rather derived from the
Jjmricans, than they from them, and therefore we muft feek for their
Original
from the North ; from which are but two ways , one from IJJand and
Groeiu
land, which Grotlm endeavors to provC;, but contradicted j the other out
of T^r
tary^ which certainly was the firfl Nurfery, from whence i\\q
Amerkans \NttQ
Tranfplanted.
Tartary or Tattary, fo called from the River Tatter, which runs thorow
the
Countrey Mongul into the Northern Ocean , covers a great part of the
Teireilrial Globe ; the lefler Tartary makes out a confiderable part of
Europe j the
greater is Jfia,
This great Tartary , which is a thoufand Leagues long, and fix hundred
broad;^
reckons five chief Provinces, V i;<. the wild Tartary y inhabited by
Herdfmen ; Sa^
gatai, of which the Metropolis is Samarcand , famous for the mighty
Tamerlane 5
next Turkefian ; then I\jtai, which the great Cham Commands j and
laftly, Old
Tartary^ accoiding cu Audi cars Coefarlenjls , the habitation o^Gog and
'Magog*
Now we muft enquire from what Tartars the Amerkam are Extracted '
Mornam, ^oflettuSj Genehrardus^ ^otertis, and others are of opinion,
That the thrknisji

Tartars , which about the year 1228. under the Command of Zingis Cham
overfpread the Earth like a deluge, were the Succefibrs of the ten
Tribes of 7/^, , . . 3\ . . ^/T 1 o ; T'T T- If the ^/Jwfej wete 2itfr^e/, which w^erc carry d mto captivity to JJJyrta by oaima?ta:^ar, 1 he
name lar- urs.
tary, or rather Tattaria^ feems to be fi^me teftimony thereof, becaufe
it fignifies
in the Syrian or Hebrem Tongue, ^mnants or ^mainders^ as feemingly,
becaufe
thefe Tartarians were remainders of the foremention'd Tribes- nay , the
Northern
Tartary Herdfmen preferve to this day the Names Van^ Zabulon ^3,nd
Na^hthali :
Wherefore we need not to admire, why fo mzny Jews are found in ^^uj^ta^
5"^rmatia, and Ltefland ; nay, the nearer to Tartary , the mote Jems there
are.
Circumcifion hath a long tiriie been x>h[ct\'d among them > before
Mahomet
brought in his new Law ; it feems, that Mahomet order'd the Circumcifion
and
other Laws, according to Mofes , to be obferv'd by the Northern people,
becaufe that in his time, they began to Rebel, thk fi^ they might the
better be
kept in awe by their new Religion.
Joannes LeonclaVius relates, Th^t in Ltefland near ^iga^ he heard the
wilde ^-"^ -^y^-^'"'"^^Natives call'd Letti, not without greit admiration, go crying along the
HighWays and Fields, with a doleful voice, Jeru^ Jeru, Mafco lou : It is
believ'd that
they mourn ^otjerufalem and Damajcm -^ but by their long continuance in
the
vaft WildernefTes, they have forgot their Religion and Laws, and what
elfe
might enable to tell us who they were. Several learned Authors queftion
this
removal of the Ifraelkes out o^ Jjfyria to Tartary^ though to our
Judgement their
Arguments are too weak, to take from them of the footing they have
gotten
there-, yet neverthelefs, the Ifraelites are not to be taken for the
Planters of
America, for why elfe is not Judaifme as well found in America as in
Tartary. But
it is already (hewn, thsit America was inhabited long before the
difperfion of the
Ifraelites.
Now to fhut up all, it is evident, that the firft Planters oUmenca were
not i,T:^^:^Z^^

Europeans fromthedilTimilitude of the People, both in their Complexions^

Lan''' ^ guage.-

But Afixe>( Tartar jf.

lartary is not parted from

America by the Str nights of
Aniait.

Teftimonies that the dme'

mans are tartars.

ijiti

A M ERICA. Chap. IF,

auacre and Perfons j nor Africans , becaufe that in all the farfpreading Councrey of America^ not one l>{egro is to be found, except a few near the
River M^rt/?^^, in the little Territory ^dre^jf^;, which mufl: by Storm' be drove
thither nd chitflyout from the Gumny Coaft : So that Jjia, the Mother of all
People^, onely remains
to be Implanter of our America^ whofe Weftern Coaft, oppofue to Afia, is
mors
inhabited than to the Eaft, where it refpeits Europe.
Moreover, Armenia, out of which, by Noah's Progeny, the whole Earth wa'5
re-peopled , borders on Scythid-, now calPd Tartary , and Tartary faces
America^
feparated onely by the Straights of Anian-^ though fome are of opinion^
that
out of the South into the Frozen Sea, there is no paflage thorow thefe
Straights-^
clfe (as we have already proved the contrary) how came all thofe
Voracious
and Poyfonous Beafts into Jmerica, if it be clearly feparated from Afia
by^
Seft ?
It deferves here to be related, what happened to Henry Cornellfon
Schaep, and
William 'Bykreld^ Sailing from 'Batavia to difcover the Tartarick River

^olyfange,
but were taken and carry'd Prifoncrs to the Japan Court at Jedo j being
Commanded there by Order of the Councel to give an account of di Japan Map
ct
Card, which was laid before them, and contained the Provinces o^ Japan,
Jm-^
hoina, the Molucca Iflaads, Manilha, the South-Sea, 'Borneo, Celebes,
Malacca^ Tartary,
Formofa, Corea, and the vaft and Mountainous Countrcy or Dcfart ofjejfo,
fepa*
rated from Japan by the Straights o^ Sungar-^ though toward the
NorEli,it joyns ta
Japan in the Province of Ochio -^ and beginning in forty feven degrees,
luri
North-Eafl: towards America, but they could not poflible find the
Straights of
'^nian j but on the contrary, the Promontory o Tartary, "Vi;^. the
Province ^ataya or ^{atui lay in the fame parallel with the Northern America.
Hereto may be added , that Aftn hath no Territory any where , which may
more eafily with numerous Colonies fupply jimerica than this part o^
Tartary, zs
well for the vaftnefs of the Countrey, to which no other can compare, as
for;
the increafing of the Inhabitants : Who doth not admire , that according
to
Michalon Lithomver, there is fcarcc a City in Tartary that boafted lefs
than a thoufand Temples > and to fee Canguifta firft King o( Tartary, about the
Year 1200J
in Arms 5 and his Succeifor Hoccata following his Fathers bloody
Footfteps,'
whilft he prepar'd his Sons with three vaft Armies ? The eldeft Son,
Jachis,
March'd Weftward with thirty thoufand Horfe ; Batho drew with as great
aa
Army towards the North 5 Tagladais being the youngeft fell into the
Moores
Countrey above gJ'j7^ Hocc^t^ himfelf March'd vi(5torioufly into the
North
Jmerica, fubdu'd great part of the ferfian Kingdom, and beat the Turks,
led by,
the General Goniata with a great Army, Anno \z^i. as Jacob flanenfis and
Benem
diBus Sarmata, two Monks, fent by Pope Innocott to Hoccata, witnefs :
The great
number of the Tartars or Scythians , may appear by the feveral people,
fprcad
far and near over Tartary ; Kny reckons Tome of them, 'vi';^, Auchetes,
T^euriy G^loni, Thujfagetes, Budmi, Bajilides, Agathyrji, l^omades, Anthropophagi,
Hyperhoreiy
Arimphei, Ctmmerij, Cicianthi, Georgi, Sacores, and others : What number
would
the Inhabitants make up that live in America, in Teneneuf, Virginia,

Florida, New
Spam, Guadalaiara^ Guatemala, Terra firma, Nei? Granada, Teru, Chili,
(I(io de la ^lata^
'Brafil, Guniana, New Andalu:^ai ^
It will be Worth our time, to compare the likenefs between the Scythians
and
Northern Americans ; both of them are differenc'd with fpecial Marks of
a more
than ordinary and natural diftance between the Eyes, which much alters
the
whole Air of the Face, and the plumpnefs and fwelling of their Cheeks
fummits

Conftitutibns of the Jir^

tars and AmfricHni agree.

Chap. II. - . A M E K I C Ji. ,

mits above the Cheek-bone ; moil of thefe are of a middle ftature,
havinw
downy Hair upon their Chin, like the Callow Feadiers of an unfledg'd
Bird*
Laftly, as the Tartars, they differ amongft themfelves in their Cuiloms,
yet in
feveral things they agree one with another , according as they arc
governed by
others, and yet other Princes,, fome powerful, and fonae weaker,
according as
every ones power be more or lefs. The Inhabitants of Lucaja bear Cq
great a
xefpe(a, and ftand fo much in awe of their Governor , that if commanded
to
leap from a Rock, and break their Necks;, they inftantly obey.
. The fame is obferv'd by the Tartars ; the firft King Cangu'tfta
Commanded
the feven Princes of his Realm to Murder their Sons with their own
Hands^
which they all readily performed, ; ; o'ro,
. In fopa'ma they live to this day like Come Tartars , without Laws or
La,wgivers, who change their places by turns, from the great increafe of the
Tlirtars, the Americans no wiys diffcx,
'Bartholomew de las Cajas writ to Charles the Fifth, That the Spaniards
in few
years, ondy on the Iflands C^^, Hi^miola, Naco, Hondures., in Vem:^uela
and
'Rew Spain, dellroy'd above 2600,000. Men, befides the flaughter that

was made
in ^eru, Brafil, ^0 de la flata and other places, which far exceed the
foremention'd numbers.
Polygamy is flill in ufc , totk among the Tartars and Americans j both
ac*
knov^ledge the Immortality of the Soul;, both like Cannibals, Eating and
Sacrificing Mans fleni. How famous amongft the Antients was the Altar'of
J)iana
la Tauric a Qherfonefus , where feveral Men were daily Sacrificed ^ How
delicate, according to SaheUicuSy did the Tartars account their DiHies ,
Sauc'd and
ferv'd with humane Gore ?
Straho relates. That the antient People account it an honourable Death
to be Ofoir. i n.^. 74
chop'd in pieces, and their flefli ferv'd up in Commons. Thofe that die
by
Age, a natural death, are defpis'd like Malefactors, and as a punifhment
according to their Demerits;, left in the open Fields, a prey to Birds and
Beails j
fome delight in that loathforne gorging themfelves with Mens flefli,
others on.
the contrary, not onely deteft humane, but all manner of flefli : And
juft fo
the Americans are diftinguifli'd ;, for although the Carihes,
'Brafilians, the Inhabitants of Nell? Spain, l>{ew Granada, St. Martha, and others, Sacrifice
and eat Men,
yet as many abhor and deteft that odious Diet and abominable Cuftom.
Giles Flejhr Queen Elifabeths Agent in Mufcolp relates^ That Anno 15S8.
K^nach
Morfey, Grandfon to the Governor of the Chrim Tartars^ made his entrance
there
with a Retinue of three hundred Noblemen, and two Ladies, of which one
was
the Widow of his deceafed Brother. The great Prince inform'd of their
coming, fent him two llaughter'd Horfes, whofe fides and Hanches they
feafted on^, ,
as we on Fallow Deer.
Moft of the Tartars ufe no manner of Letters or Characters j in the
Voyage
made into Terjia , they firft learn'd to make Letters j juft fo it is in
America-^
their bemoaning of the dead ends in one Moneth, both by the Tartars and
Americans 5 with a Pcrfon of Quality , the Tartars bury a live Servant j
the lame
Cuftom is obferv'd by fome of the Americans 5 and fo much do they agree
in a

ialvage and rude life , that Merchandizing and Mechanicks are little
regarded.
Ayfon the American acknowledges the Tartars for a rude People in their
Religion,
Habits, and Dwellings, and yet in all thefe the America?: s differ but
very little.
Laftly, How common is it amongft them to worfliip the Devil? Along the
^^^-'i^-^of ^^p ^^4^^
River Sagadahoc, the Inhabitants are every new Moon miferably tormented
by
1 G ztx

iW

4-1

^ M E'B^I C A,

Chap. 11*

1 1

1 1

h !|

iartarian Horfcs.

an Evil Spirit call'd Tanto. In the Temples in Virginia remain yet the
horrible
Ima<^es of the Devils Okd and Me?ietto. Not a Hoiife in Mexico, but hath
a peculiar Chappei, fet apart for this their fuppos'd holy, but damnable
Adoration
of the Devil. Others in Virginia believe, That there is a great and
fupreme Deity;, which is Everlafting, and for ever. The Tartan alfo are of the
like per-

fwafion.
But this Opinion Grotius hath laid a ftrong and da'ngerous Battery
againft^^
that America could not be Peopled by the Tartars^ becaufe the Americans
before
the Spaniards coming thither^had never feen any Horfes- v^hereas the
Tartars ufe
no Beaft more;, either in Peace or War, nor can lefs want : For the
Tartarian
Forces do not only confift in Horfe ; but the Wealth of this Countrey is
reckoned up in the numerous Breeds of Horfes, and feveral Studs of
Mareis.
Some of the Noblefs keep a thoufand Horfe ; none, though never io poor,
but keep two or three j and Beggars there mounted crave Alms and Charity
of the People. When they remove their Habitations, their Horfes carry
their
Provifions and Tents : If Provifioils grow iliort, they eat Mares Milk;,
high
gufled with Garlick, which fatisfies Hunger and Thiril j and the red
Liquor
which they tap warm from their VeinS;, ferves them to help Digeftion,
and
heighten their Humor, inftead of the Blood of the Grape^ our fweet Wine.
The fwifteft RiverS;, though raging and precipitated with Land-floods,
they
dare adventure fwimming their Horfes over, hanging naked by their Manes,
and guiding them by a flipp'd Rein whither they pleafe : To their Tails
they
tie their Saddles, and other Neceffaries, bound up in Rufhes. When a
Perfon of Quality prepares to crofs any River, they tie two Horfes Tail to
T^ii^'
and athwart both their Backs faften a Mat pleited of Ruflies, to fit on.
When
they are ftopp'd at any broad River, or ftanding Lake, they kill and
flea their
worfl: Horfes j then turning the Skins infide out, and well Liquoring,
they
ftretch them open with the Ribs, which ftand like the Bayles of a Tilted
Wherry, and thus furnifh'd, ferves them for a Boat to carry eight Perfons.
When
they take the Field, going to War, not any but mufl:ers three Horfes ;
which
makes their Armies, when drawn out in Campain, fliew much bigger than
indeed they are : And though many of them are kill'd in the Wars, or
flain
for Food, yet the European Tartars pay yearly forty thoufand Horfes
tothe (2(/ftans '^ from whence Grotius thus argues, '^^ \i jimertca joyns to
Tartary, then
^' the Horfes which run wild at Grafs might eafily have found America
them'' felves, feekingto improve their Pafture, and have gone from one
Countrey
^' into the other, as it appears, that fince the Spaniards tranfported

Horfes to
^'^ America^ they are difpersM over the highefi: Mountains, out of one
Province
'"^ into the other: Or \i tht Straights of jinian run between both,
x.\\tTartan
" never were Navigators ^ and fuppofe they had been, they would not have
^' crofs'd without Horfes, without which they knew not how to fubfifl:.
To
which we only fay thus, That although Tartary now, and in former times,'
abounded in Horfe, yet muft we grant, that it hath been always fo ? or
that
the ancient Scythians, who we avouch firfl: planted America, had fuch
frequent:
ufe of them as the Tartars now. This may be controverted, for that
thefe;
Scythians planting there in the Non-age of Time, prefcntly after the
Flood,
the ufe of Horfes was unknown, which the Ancient Poets teftifie by their
FiiOiion of Centaurs, who when firfl: feen, the Horfe and Rider were taken
for
one Creature. The like miftake the C/Hexicans had, when they faw the
mounted Spaniards, a thoufand running away from one Cavalier,
As

Chap.Ui. . a M E Tx. I c J. :
As to their coming thither of themfelves, it may ealily be confuted :
.Who
knows not that there is no Countrey a continued Pafture, but luxurious
Vales
feparated with inacceffible Mountains, Lakes, and vail WilderneiTes. But
Daind Inoram relates, '^ That he faw fome Horfes in the Northern Jmerica^
which
" the Mexicans, and other Conquefts of the Spaniards never heard of:
Wherer
upon we may conclude, and we fuppofc without all peradventure, That the
Americans have abfolutely their Original from Tartary\ M^hidi bordering
Jrme--,
ma where jS[oah's Ark firft refted, hath a convenient way, though beyond
the
Jrtick Circle, through a temperate Climate betwixt Heat and Cold, to
Cathay, in.
the fame Parallel witli the neighboring ^wimc^.

4-5

CHAP. II L
Firjl T>if cover ers of America. Chriftoplier Colonus
his Expedition,

Ftt Biztri Rfs GenetKi

lib. itf.

lih.u,H\^.Georgl

His Life;

\Hriftopher Colonusy generally (though by miftake) call'd Qolumhus^ was

born in ^rhi;^olo, a Village in the Dominion of Genoa-, near SaVona j
his
Father liv'd by Fifhing in the. Midland-Sea : So that Sebajlian
Schroter,
and others be fides him, are miftaken, faying;, Colonus was born in the
City Cucu* ^
reum, and defcended of the Noble Family ftUftrelli : For feter !
Be:^arus, Colonus
his Countrey^maU;, gives unqueftionable Proofs of his mean Extrad; and
chripih. cehnus[s^mbi
amongft other things, That the Common-wealtb of Genoa refused to receive
the great Legacy which Colonus left them in his Will, becaufe they
fondly
thought it a derogation to their Honor, being fo great a Republick, to
cake
any thing of Bequeft from a FiOiers Son : Yet his Majefty of Caftile
thought
othcrwife, not onely enriching him with Wealth, and a fair Revenue for
his
Difcovery of the IVefiJndies ; but alfo, though of a low derivation,
rais'd him
to great Honor, Ennobling him the firftof his Family with Dignities,
Titles,
and Efcutcheon, which rank'd him in place among his Prime Nobility,
Colonus, whoni we (hall henceforth call Columbus, fpent his Youth near

the
Sea, where he was bufie exploring the Winds, confidering their Natures,
and
the Quarters whence they rofe, efpecially with the fetting of the
Current from
\ the Atlantick to the Mediterrane, The Weftern Winds, which often, as
well as the
Levant, blow feveral days together from the great Ocean, much amufing
him,
hinted at laft fome Notions, that there might be another World, and new
Places to be difcover'd, beyond the fetting of the Sun ; and that the ]>le
plus ultra
fhould not be, if he could help it, the commanding Terminary of the
Earth
that way. He alfo fpent much time, being of a folid Judgment, in the
Emendations of Charts and Maps, then very much improvable : And the
Tortuguefe,
who at that time had got the dart in Navigation from all other People,
being
then bufie to find a way by the South of Africa to the EafiJndies, not
contented
to go by hear^fay, he went himfelf in Perfon a Voyage with them. Soon
af^
ter Columbus fettled himfelf in the Ifland Madera, where an Accident
hapned,
which Francis Lope^ de Gome/a relates thus : " The Mafter of a Ship,
whofe
*^^ Name and Countrey lies buried in Oblivion (though fome would have
him
^' to be of Spain, fome an Andalufian or 'B'l/cayner, and others a
Tortu^uefe) Tra*^' ding to the Canancs and tkmnujl^-Ijles , was furpris'd by a hideous
Tempeft
G 2 c(. ffQjYl

Strange Accident.
Peru,

Efl\

4-

Mnkes

To the Fortuguefei

ilftji(l'J^}

A M E 5^ J C J. ChapJlI^^from the Ead, which hurried hirn nolens iwkns thrcugh drc^icful Waves,
'^ where at laft he found himfelf ingag d upon a WeRein Coaft.alcogether
lui^
'^ known. The Storm ceafing, without making further Difcoveries, he
pick'd
'< his way homeward, at laft Landing in the Haven of Uadrra : All his
Crew
'' but three -and himfelf, with hardfliip, want, and the long Voyage
having pe.
'' rifii'd, himfelf dangeroufly fick, was carried into Columbus his
Houie ^ where
'M,yingonhis Death^Bed," he bequeathed to Co/z^mk^ his Maps, Journals,
and
'' other Obfervations of this his unfortunate Voyage. Columhus being by
thefe
Papers more confirmed than ever in his Opinion of a New World in the
Weft,
his Add.ers at deciarM what he verily believ'd, to the States of Genoa ,
but they looked upon
him as a vain and idle Fellow ; yet Columbus full of his great Project,
t^hus
flighted and fcornfully rejeded, fate not fo down, but addrefsM himfelf
to
the King of Portugal where they wearied him, fpending long time with
dilatory Anfwers, to no effed - the Opinion of a whole Court of expert
Navigators having caft his Declaration out, as a Chimera oi meer Fancy. Soon
after
Columbus fending his Brother inlo England, to move the Bufinefs to King
Henry
the Seventh, he being taken Prifoner by the way, and lying long er'e his
Releafe, came too late to the EngUp^ Court, prevented by the News of

Chrtftophers
return with Succefs from his intended Voyage : For mean mhih Per dmando
' And c.y?i/;. King; con: ^^^ lUbelU King of CaMe, having finifli'd his
W^ars with the Uoors, had furc..gaNewwo.d. ^.^,i ^.^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^ Expedition , which he cffeaed by
the favor of Jlfonfo
Mendotio and Jlfonfo QuintayHia, both great Minifters of State under
Ferdinand
^ndlfabel, and obtain d fo much at laft, that he was fent with a hundred
and
twenty Souldiers, befides Sea-men, in two Ships, and one Pinnace. Thus
fup*
Sails from c^/^ to dif ^^^^^ hc fct Sail from Cadi^ upon the Kings
account the fourth of Jugufi,
verNewCounreys. ^^^^^\^^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^>^ ^^^ Canaryslflands , and from
thence fleering
South-Weft, the Wind in thirty three days fcarce varying one Point : But
though the Weather blew fo conftant, yet the Sea.men changd their Minds,
and Storm'd quite contrary, crying. That Colu?nbus was guilty of all
their
Deaths : For (faid they, after they had loft fight of the Canaries fo
many days,
nothing appearing but Sea and Sky) Who can hope for any Succefs or happy
conclufion
offo defperate a Voyage, fo rafhly undertaken, and found now fo full of
eminent danger >
Yet Columbus bore bravely up, and weathered all their Exclamations,
althougk
they threatned no lefs than his Murder : At laft Articling, they came to
this
Agreement, That if after failing forwards three days more, no Land were
dijco-ver'd,
they fhould return : But about two a Clock the next Night, Columhus faw
a glimmering like Fire in the Sky, and in the Morning found himfelf clofe
aboard
a moft plcafant Coaft, where Landing with twelve Men, he ere^ed a Crofs
cut out of a Tree. Thence he failed over to Cuba, where the Sea was fo
rough,
that he was forc'd to ftand off, fearing Rocks and Shallow Water. Soon
after
he got to the Northward of the Ifland Haytin, which he call'd Bifpaniola
: Here
hisl^eft Ship was bulged upon a Rock, on which they had all perifliM,
had it
not been flat on the top, fo that the Soldiers and the whole Crew of
Sea-men
were fav'd by the two Veifels. The Inhabitants ftark naked, feeing thefe
Strangers, fled to the Woods ; but the Spaniards overtaking a Woman,they
en^
tertai'n'd her with Sweet=meats and Spamf) Wine, and putting her on a
white
Shirt, fent her again to the reft of the Natives, where return d, flie
told what
good Entertainment flie had had to her Companions whereupon divers of

the Iflanders came aboard of the Spanuirds, m Boats made of one piece of
Wood, where they bartered Gold for Beads, pieces of Ghfs, Knives,
Shells,
and

cover

His People rebel;

Difcoveis Hif^amoLi<

Trades with the Natives.

Returns to Sp.th;.
Isiiighly hoiior't?.

nap. in. . J M E %^I C J. 4.5

^nd other Trifles. The King of Guaccanarlllo gave teftimoriy of peculiar
incli^ ^
xiationto the Spafiiards, helping them to Fifli up the rem.iining Goods
of the
Wreck, and informed them. That fome Rivers flowing from the tops cf high
Mountains, wafli'd down the Gold amongO: the Sand : notwithilancling a.
fliantre Prophecy had been told to thefe Iflanders^ namely. That bearded
Mm
out of nmote Countries jhould deftroy their Goods ^takc their Lmid^and
maffacre their Children. He alfo told them what made them fly, and betake them to their
Heels
at the arrival of tht Spaniards, becaufe they were oftentimes dirpris'd
by the
(^annihals, who fnatch'd up all they could lay hold on : Their Boys and
Striplings they gelded, cooping and cramming them up, as we our Capons, for
peafts : The young and well-grown Men they chopp'd to pieces, faked, and
Barrel'd up : Young Women they preferv'd for breed;, and old ones they
made
Slaves. Thefe CdWAzi^/j/^ were fo terrible to the Inhabitants of H^jfmy
that a

thoufand of them durft not venture to engage againfl ten, but would run
eve=
ry Wa,y, difpers'd like Flocks of Sheep before the Wolf.
Laftly, Their King permitted the Spaniards to build a Lodge or Hovel,
wherein thirty or forty of them might (helter 5 but indeed fo taking
polfefTion
in right of the King of Spain,
Mean while Columhus returned in fafety to SpaiUy and was receivM with
great
joy. King 'Ferdinand making him Admiral of the Sea;, and fending his
Brother
Bartholomew Governor to Haytin^ nowcall'd Hi/paniola, The Gold, Parrots,
Mallick, Aloes, the flrange Bread Juccay\^i}io[c extracted Juyce is rank
Poyfon;,
but the Body makes good Meal;, which kneaded and bak'd, yields a fine
M^-s^"
chet and wholefom Food, they look'd upon with great delight and
admiration but two of the Natives being naked, with Gold Rings through their
Noies and Ears, Ornaments with them of high efteem, and iignifying their
no
mean Quality, the People old and young came in Throngs to wonder at, never weary of gazing upon them. But the King, encouraged by this Succefs,
took no dilatory Courfe, but fuddenly, and before any could expevSt;,
builc
fourteen ftout Carvels, and three Frigats, and as fbon mann'd them with
{SoeswithfbrenteenSnjt
twelve hundred Soldiers, befides a great number of Artificers of all
forts, w^ith ^ "^'' ' '''^^'^^^^"*' '
their Wives and Children, freighting them with Horfes, Swine, Goats,
Cattel
for Breed, all forts of European Corn to fow, Fruit-Trees and Vines to
plant^
and fome Priefls to inflrud and convert the Natives to their Religion.
Thefecondof September, Anno 1493. ^^^Y ^^^ ^^^^ from Cadi:^, and
Anchored
before Ferreo, the laft and furthefl of the C^?wf;)/J/I^^i^, where they
could get
no Water;, but what dropped from the Dew hanging on Trees into Troughs.
After that, Columhus came on the one and twentieth day amongil the
CaribhyIJlands, where he dropp'd Anchor before one, which he called Donimlco ;
but n^f^ricdaes,st.cbr^
finding it defolate, fet fail further, and difcovcr'd feveral other
Coails, where ' '
he likewife found nothing but very great Porcupines or Hedg-hogs,and
fwect
fmelling Trees. Steering forward;, he found the Coalls of the Camiihds,
which
inhabited along the Shore in little Huts or Hovels, built round of Wood,
The niKsofthso.^w^ji-;,
and flakM about on the out^fide with long Poles, like Tali/ado's : They
have

alfo Polls within, which are fliorter, pleited and faflned together with
Cotton, or long Roots of Trees, plyant like our Oliars, over which they
hang
Cloths painted with horrible Figures and flrange Rcprefentations : The
Rocrs
rife like our Canopy'd Tents, highed in the middle, covered with PalmTree
Leaves to ketp offtheR.aini At the Entrances hang two Hairy Images on
Poles, not for P^eligion fakcj but Ornament: Thdr Bed4leads being high
' from

^-^ --- =^ -^--r

'^and Guadalupe^

Strange Women in Ma^

tAuitto.

^,6 <lA M E %I C A, ^nap. i

from the Ground^ are fiU'd with a kind of Straw and in long Hovels
Sited
for that purpofe they ftore their Sugar.
Columbus landing here, found all the Ca?2?iihah fled but their Houfes
fuU of
Stone Veflelsj Cruifes, Pans^, and Pots, boyling with xMens Flefli,
Parrots, and
Wild-foul J the Ranches and Sides of young Men, on Spins roafting at ths
Firep with the Splinters of whofe broken Bones they headed their Arrows,
This lOand by the Inhabitants called Qarucueria^ Cdumhus changed to
Guadalupe^
becaufe the Mountains rife up with their tops not unlike Eflremadura in
Spam^
famous therefor the wonderful Reprefentation of our Lady, as that of the
Lady of Loretto in Italy, Thirty Women which he had taken from the
neigh*
boring Ifles_, he fent with Prefents to the fled Canibds, which the next
day returning, made a great appearance near the Shore j but when thiey had
gaz'd a

while upon the Spaniards, looking (ledfaftly on one another, they

fuddenly ran.
back again, fheltring themfelves in the Covert of the Woods. Columbus
thinking it not worth his while to expe(5t their return, feeing their
barbarous Life,
burnt and deflroy'd all their Boats, and fpoiling whatever he could,
failed to
Matanino.
The released Women in Guadalupe , that came back again, informed the
SpaniardSyThsLt Matanino was an Ifle onely inhabited by Women, which at
accuflom'd
times row'd over to thefe Cannibals, where a while they drove a Trade
and
Commerce of Love, the Product of which, if Girls, they kept but the
Boys
they fent over to their Fathers. They live in Caves, the Mouths and
Entrances
of which they maintain and ftoutly make good with their Bowe, fhooting
Arrows as thick as Hail at the approach of Men, after their impregnating
by
the Cannibals,
From hence the Fleet pafs'd by feveral other fruitful Iflands, Columbus
giving
them the Names of Montferatto^^dondoy St. Martin, Santa (/;<,, formerly
by the
Inhabitants call'd Jyaya, On this laft liland he landed thirty Men, who
took
four Women, which held out their Hands before them;, as if Petitioners
that
begg'd Quarter, or praying, and then conceal'd themfelves in Ambufcade,
the
better to furprize more 5 when by chance they fpied an hdian Canoo at
Sea,
Rema.kabk paffage of with cight Men , and as many Women j whereupon
thofe in Ambufcade
made a Signal to the next Ship, which immediately fent off fome Boats
well
Mann'd 5 but before they drew near them, or expected an On^^fet, one of
the
Spaniards was kiird,and another wounded with their Arrows j amongft whom
a Woman, to whom all the reft fliew'd greatefl Refpe6t and Reverence,
aim'd
very exactly. Their barbed Shafts were poyfon'd j whereupon the
Spaniards
enraged, ftemm'd the Qanoo, and overfetting,row'd quite over j which
little or
nothing avail'd ; for they all fwam ^ and though feparated, (hot their
Arrows
at them, as if the Boat had been a But. At laft the Indians got upon a
blind
Rock;, covered with Shoie Water, which gave them frefh Courage j but the
Spaniards having more aid fent them from the Fleet, took them all
Prifoners 5

but the Queens Son being wounded in the Scuffle, and dying foon after,
was
iaivagcaefs of the /-sir- throwu ovcrboard. Thc Prifouers bcing brought
befote Co//^?^K^, foam'd at
the Mouth for raping madnefs j and being afterwards carried to Caflile,
fo re*
tain'd their fierce and falvage Nature, that they fcar'd away and
frighted the
fafc Beholders.
Mean while the S|;rtmy7? Fleet proceeded on their Voyage, between
feveral
Iflands, to Hifpnmola,oi which fome appear defolate and barren, others
green
and Woody the fraall Vefiels failing clofe under the Shore, and the
o;reat ones
ftandincT

(^Jumbu.

Chap- III.

A M E%I C A.

Cdumhus coJnes to Ui'

{landing further off at Sea, which was very turbulent, and beat
exceedincrly
againft the Shole Rocks. The l(\2Lnd J^unchejna, Qlumhiis caWd St. Johns
to
which belonged fome of the Women fent forth in Guadalupe^ who informed
them, That 'Burkhema was well inhabited by a kind and hofpitable People
- who when the Cannibals landed there fought them, and if Conquerors
were
fo much exafperated with their inhumane Batbarifms, that they feiz'd on
them
like MaftifFs open^mouth'd, and tore them piece-meal with their Teeth
yet
themfelves abhorring the Cuftom of eating Mens Flelh. Here the Spaniards
found oncly a large Houfe^ furrounded with twelve lelTer ones, all
deferted,for the Inhabitants with their King Chtafichio were then retired into
the cool
and more fheltring Woods, from the mid-day Heat. All this the Indians
told
him, which he brought back with him from Spain. Coming to an Anchor at

Hi/panioUj he fent one of the Indiatts afiiore, that he might tell what
brave
things he had feen in the Spanifi Court 5 but the remaining three took
the advantage of the following Night, and leaping overboard, fwam to Shore.
Buc
this Accident he not much regarded, trufting to have a fufficient
Account from
his eight and thirty Spaniards which he had left in the Fort upon the
Ifland ;
and the more, becaufe King Guaccanarillo's brother, in fign of
Friendfliip, had
prefented him with two Golden Images : But all thefe Conjeauresfail'd
him,
fb that hearing nothing, he landed, where he found the Spanijh Garrifon
utterly Finds the %i4r^,flain^
deftroy'd, and the Royal Fort burnt down to the Ground, and lying in a
heap
ofAflies, Then they fired feveral Guns, to give notice, that if any of
them .7.
had conceard themfelves^ and lay sculkingin the Woods, or otherwife,
they
fhould difcover themfelves, and come to the fuccour of their Friends :
But all /
in vain, for none came j for as they were afterwards informed, the
Inhabitants
had flain them, becaufe of their infupportable behavior, infolently
committing Robberies, Rapes, and Murders : Hereupon he fent Meffengers to the
King Guaccanarilloj to inquire why they had fired his Fort, and what
they had
done with his Men, who brought him this Return, That over that mighty
Ifland were many Princes, of which two being provok'd by the reports of
the
Strangers that were entertained in the Ifland, came marching upon them,
each
with their Armies J but that he endeavored what he could, and came with
a
Power to aflifl: the Strangers 5 yet all he got for his Kindnefs, was a
Wound in
his Leg, which had been fo fore and troublefom, that forced him to keep
his
Bed, and no lefs than feven Concubines to attend him, and drefs the
Wound ;
But he tald his Tale fo ill, and feign'd his Lamenefs worfe, that
SthiUm^ one
of the Meflen^ersfent by Columbus, lifting up the Coverlet, faw that he
ail'd
nothing, which foon confirmed his doubt, that he was confederated with
the
left, and alike guilty of the Slaughter. At lafl: Guaccanarillo being
defir'd, came
in Perfon to Columbm^ in whofe prefence he held a long Difcourfe with an
Indian Woman, which they had brought from the Ifland of Santa Cru^, there

Chriflined by the Name of Catharine : At length Guaccanarillo was

difmifs'd, and
the Night following this Catharine, with feven more of the Indian Women,
leap'd over-board, and fwom almofl: a League to Shore, fo aoina thence
du
rectly to their King Guaccanarillo. This Accident gave more fufpicion to
Co
lumbm, who thereupon fent three hundred Men, commanded by Mdchior^ Hoieda, and Goryalano, to march through the Ifland three feveral ways, and
with
fpecial Commiffion to fecure as their Prifoner Guaccanarillo, Melchtor
difcover'd
a wide River, full of Reaches and winding Bays, gliding between high
Hills
covered with Woods^ refounding with the ecchoing noifes of harmonious
Birds,

_ His Difcourfe with the

King GHaccmarilh,

J M E R I C J.

CHap. Ill:

tolumhus builds a City.

Birds and difemboguin'g his Waters, enlarg'd by two otlier Rivers, [into
the
Sea, fo making a convenient Harbor for Ships. Here a hundred of the
Ifland*
erS;, well Arnn/d after their manner^, met them, crying aloud, We are no
Canni:^
bals, but Taynos, that is, a Teoj)le more civil than they are crticL The
Sj}a?iiards mzkingSignsof Peace, the Trtjwoi approached;, and joyn'd their Forces in a
friendly manner. Near the place of this Meeting appear'd a Houfe built in an
Ovai
fafhiott;, being thirty tvi^o Paces in the Circumference, the Roof
curioufly
pleited of divers colour'd Ruflies, round about which ftood thirty
lefler Dwel

liners. Meanwhile, in his March Ho/Wd difcover'd a River that defcended

from a high Mountain, where the Inhabitants gather'd much Gold after
this
st/ange gathering of Gold, manner : They dig a Hole about two Foot deep
j then taking up their left^Hand full of Sand, with their right Hand they cull out the precious
Ingots,'
which little accounting of, as they gather'd, they dealt away to the
S^^wii/rJj*Mofl: of the Pieces were as big as Peafe^ yet fome fo large, that they
weighed
-Dttusi.-DiOsUisL^vo.y jiine Ounces, ^eter Martyr ^ Councellor to the
Emperor Charles^ tells us. That
he hath feen of them in the 5/?dwi/7? Court, that were brought over
thither by
Cohmhus, Moreover, Hoieda was inform'd here. That this Gold-River took
its Original in the Province belonging to Qacicm Caunaboa, fignifying,
The ^in^
of the Golden Talace.
Mean time Columbus feleted a piece of Ground on a rifing Hill;, on the
North part of the Ifle, where he intended to build a City, becaufc clofe
by
the Hill on one fide rifcs a Mountain;, pregnant with Stone and Chalk J
on the
other, a Plain, fo exceeding fruitful and pleafant, that the Sun fcarce
fhines
upon a more delightful and fertile Soil, which they found afterwards by
experience. Here Melons are fet and ripe in thirty fix days ; Corn, in two
Strange fruitfuinefs there. j^Qj^ths twice a Year the Trces and Plants
bring forth their feveral Produds ; the Vines come to maturity, and are loaden with Clufters of
Grapes, in
two Years, and Sugar^Canes grow as thick as a Mans Arm in fifteen days.
Oa
this pleafant Soil, accommodated with a convenient Haven, Columbm afterwards built the City Ifahella, fortified With Walls and Trenches againft
all Invafions, over which he made his Brother !Brfrr/;o/o7?2CK>Co/wi^wj
firfl: Governor.
Mean while the Admiral Columbus himfelf march'd up into the Countrey
with three hundred Men, in quefl: of the Gold Mines. Seventy two Leagues
the Valley CtbaVa lies difliant from Ifabella, to which Columbus pafs'd
over fwift
Currents and high Mountains;, where he built a Fort, which he call'd St,
Tho*
ma^ J and exchanged with the Inhabitants Toys and Trifles, for Pieces
and Ingots of Gold, which the Inhabitants, as before-mention'd, found in the
Sand
of their Rivers : And befides, they informed him. That about half a days
Journey further, greater Quantities of Gold were to be found, in a
browner
colour'd Soil : Whereupon Luxanus, one of his Officers, was fent with a
fijf-

ficient Party thither, who march'd through a delightful way, cool with
fhady
Boughs, and pleafant with the profpec^ of fpacious Meadows, where they
mowM Grafs for their Horfes, which in four days time grew up again
higher
than our talleft Wheat.
Goes TO Sea to difcovcr Mcan timc Columbus being returned with great
Riches to his new City IfabeU
la, went foon after by Sea , with three Veflels , to difcover new
Countreys
more remote 5 which his Defign fell out alfo fuccefsfuUy 5 for he fell
firft upon Jamaica^ where he found more ftout Oppofition than elfewhere, by the
Natives, at his Landings but finding themlelves over-power'd , they came
to
Agreement, and accepting an amicable Compofure, prelcntly ftruck up a
Peace.

new Countrc/s.

Ch^ip. III.

J ME T^I C J.

49

Peace. From thence putting to Sea, lie next difcoverM Cuha, which
failing
round about, he found alfo to be an Ifland j where Landing in a
convenienc
Harbor, on each fenc'd with a high and jutting Rock, he efpied two
little Hovels wherein was abundance of Fifli, befides two great Snakes or
Serpents,
each having eight Feet, fpitted, and ready to be laid to the Fire to be
roafted 5
but neither Man, Woman, nor Child to be feen, they being gone with part
of
the Fifh they had drefs'd, into the adjacent Woods ^ whither the
Spaniards
following, fa w hanging by fmall Strings, on the Branches of Trees,
abundance
of Snakes, fome of which had their Mouths tied together, others their
Tongue

and Teech pullM out. Hence marching on, a little beyond they faw a Company of the Nacives,which they judg d to be about feventy Men,covering
the
top or fummit of a Hill , to whom the Spaniards made Signs , and to
entice
them near, fliew'd feveral of their gawdy Trifles ; but in vain, till at
lail one
adventurM,defcending from the Hill,to whom one of the Natives (viho in
the
firft Voyage that the Admiral made, was taken from the Ifland Guanaha'mi
near
Cuba, carried to Spain, and there Chrifl:ncd) call'.d aloud, telling him
they need
not fear, they fliould have no harm done them j which faid, they came
down
all together, and informed them. That they were fent by their King to
catch
Fifli for another King, which was with him at Dinner and if they had
not
eaten the Serpents, they gave them many thanks for they were provided
for
the fecond Courfe, and very fcarce to be got, being a greater Dainty
than any
Fifli.
Columbus from hence proceeding; on further Weftward, difcovcr'd a fruitDircove not without
t "^ 1 r Tl'7- great Accidents, fevcroi
ful Coaft, verging the Mouth of a River, whole Water runs boylmg hot mto
New coumreys,
the Seae Somewhat further he faw very llrange Fiflies, efpecially the
Guaican,
not unlike an Eel, but with an extraordinary great Head, over which
hangs a
Skin like a Bag. This Fifh is the Natives Fifher for having a Line or
hand*^
fom Cord faftned about him, fo foon as a Turtel^ or any other of his
Prey,
comes above Water, they give him Line ^ whereupon the Cuakafi^likc an
Ar-

50

Great
Hijpaniola

diRurbanc: in

a M E\I C A. Chap. III.

row out: of a Bowe, flioots towards the other Fifii, and then gatherincr
the
Mouth of the Bag on his Head like a Purfe^net holds them fo fait, that
h'e lets
not loofe till hal'd up out of the Water.
Here the Spaniards having Din'd on delicate Fifli, went on ftill WeRward
and came to an uninhabited Ifle, but well florM with Gecfe, Pelicans,
and uglyDogs that could not bark. Here they came amongftfo many Shoals, that the
Keels of their Ships raked upon the Ground almoft forty Leagues together
the Water thick and white like Milk. Laftly,they came again into deep
Water'
and Landed at the Foot of a high Mountairi, on the Ifland Cuba j where
they
found two Springs of very fweet Water. A Mufqueteer going into the Woods
whilfl the reft fiU'd their Veffels with Water and cut Wood, he fpied a
tall
Man in a Coat like a white Fryer's Frock j behind whom came two more,
and
foon after thirty more foUow'd, all alike Habited : the Mufqueteer
running
away, they beckned him to ftay, but he march'doff 5 and informing
Columhm
of his Adventure, he fent a Party well ArmM to fee farther into the
Countrey ;'
but they neither faw nor heard any Men, onely found on the other fide of
the
Wood a great Plain, but fo overgrown with deep Grafs, that it was
impoiTible
to get through : The next day he fent out twenty five more, which found
nothing elfe than the Prints of the Steps of great Beafts and Lyons, and
alfo
abundance of large Grapes, which hung on the Branches of Vines,
clafpinoabout the Bodies of the great Trees.
Hence Qolumhm again putting to Sea, and Sailing Wefterly, found a Shore
overflowed with Water, and abounding with Pearl-Mufsles, and after that
the
whole Countrey full of Mountains, whofe tops fmoaked. By this time the
Fleet was much damnified by the Shole-water jwhere, as wc mention'd
before
they often ftruck, and their Keels rak'd upon the Ground 5 fo that
having
fprung feveral Leaks, and their Provifions growing mouldy with the Damp,
they were forced to return ; and Tacking about they ran againft
Turtles,whick
lay as thick in the Sea as if they had been fow n.
Columhps noXv on his return home, and Landing once more on Cuba^ found

an antient Man Hark naked, who fpeaking to him {Vidacus interpreted, the
Language in fomepart agreeing with that o Hifpaniola) to this effed :
lou haye to all adiniration come to fee this Cou?itrey from another
World, 7?iy adVice to
you is, That you hurt 7ione -Jor the Souls of e^^il-doers go to dark
places : ^ut on the co?itrary, they fiall enjoy the heighth of all Tleafures that are Friends to
feace. i
Columbus reply'd. That he came a Scourge for the cruel Cannibals, hut a
Shield to
proteB the (jutet and well-meaning Indians,
After this, returning to Hiipaniola, much contrary to his expedation, he
found all things which he had Tetled there turn d topfie-turvy : for
firft the
Governors at Ifabcllajzngkd, and were at private contentions amongft
themfelves, a.nd the ^enedtfiine Monk ^oilus tind Teter Margarites vjcxt
returned -to
Spam, there to make their complaints at Court : and bcfides, the
Spaniards had
dealt very inhumanely with the Nativcs,by their frequent Rapes, Thefts,
and
Murders 5 wherefore the Indians, not unjuftly incens'd, deftroy'd all
the Spant.
rfrJf they found ftragling in any part without. the Lines of their
Fortification.
Caunnhoa alfd lay about the Fort St. Thomas, and clofely befieged Ho/eJ^
; but
receiving intelligence' of Co/m^w/s arrival, he broke up his Siege, and
marched
from thence, but foon after was taken Prifoncr by the Spaniards, Mean
while
upon^De%n(aPlothorfeo'fthewikii;) the Natives of H/7>/;^.W.z had neither
Tiird or Sbw'd die Ground, or us'd Ac^riculture the year before,
contriving'
by

5i

Chap. III. \ A M E 'B^I C A

by vVant of Piovifions (not confidering themfelves) to flarve out the
Spaniards 5
but the mifchief fell upon the Contrivers : for fo great a Famine
hapned^, thac
rpreading over the whole Countrey, in a few Moneths fifty thoufand were
ftarv'd to death 5 but the Spaniards made a faving, though hard fhifc
with their
own (lore, then, though too late, the Iflanders repented of their folly,

for they
faw the Spaniards making an advantage of their mifery, not onely built
more
Houfes in their City Jfahella, but preparM their Weather-beaten VcfTels,
with
which Sailing to the Gold Mountains of Cipangi on the Hill, whence
fprung
feveral Fountains, they rais'd the Caftle of the Conception. Great
benefit they
icap'd by this Fort, to which they carry'd daily abundance of Amber,
Brim*
^ ftone, mix'd Ore of Silver and Gold,and fBr^;^i/e-wood,befides great
ftore of
Gold : and they might have gotten ten times more,had they not been fo
much
inclined toflothfulnefs, and minding other vain pleafiires : yet
notwithflanding all, the Fleet carry'd that year above one thoufand two hundred
pound
weight of Gold to 5]?di'.
In the mean while the Natives complained to Cohmhus of the Spanijh
Soldi- Spaniards tyismiteti'ic;
crs, which under pretence to feek for Gold, committed many infiifferable
Out*
rages j therefore they defirM that they might be retained in their
Forts, and not
ftragglc fo much abroad, and they would willingly bring them every three
Moneths a certain weight of Cotton, Amber, !Br4;^^7e-wood, and Gold,
more
than equivalent to what they fiiatch'd j but Columbus (whofe Soldiers,
notwithftanding his feverity, and ufing Martial Law upon fi^me of them for
their Crimes, and proud with their fiiccefsj yet prevailed at laft, that
they
confented thereto ; but the Inhabitants never performed their promife,
who
being almofl: famifli'd, had much to do to preferve themfelves alive,
fpending
their time in picking Sallads*
Whilft the Bufinefs remained in this ill pofture, or rather con^nfion,
Cihanusy
Brother to the imprifon'd (}i?2^^o^, raised an Army of five thoufand
Men:
the Spaniards J divided into five Companies, march'd to meet him j and
their
Enemies being naked, and having no other Arms than Bowes, Arrows, and
Clubs, after fome little refiftance, were foon diHipated and put to
flight, but
overtaken by the SpaniJJ? Horfe,many of them were taken Prifoners,and
others
forc'd to skulk and hide themfelves on the tops of Mountains.
Shortly after this Battel hapned a Huricane, mix'd with Thurider-claps,
' renting great pieces from the Rocks, and the Wind blowing out of the
Eaflr,

threw down Houfes and Trees, fome of which were carry'd a vafl heighth
into the Air ; three Ships that rode in the Harbor, broke their new
Cables, and
iplit againft the Rocks. The Spaniards expected nought elfe, but that
with this
exceffive Temped the Day of Judgment v/as at hand. And on the other
fide,
the Iflanders afcribed this raging of Heavens to the Spaniards
wickednefs. This
Storm pafl:,and the Air fctUd ^Columbus gave ordet for the building of
two new
5hips there, with which in March , Anno 1495. he returned to Spain 5
where in
CMcdina del Campo he gave an account at the Court about the difcover'd
Coun^
treys 5 where alfo Sentence was pafs'd on feveral Spaniards, and chiefly
con=
cerning the ^enediHine Monk 'BoiluSj who outof meer malice pafs'd by him
at
Mafs with the Hofl:, while he gave it to others, without any
diilin(^ion.
Then he gave a further account, that his Brother Bartholomew? had found,
fixty
Leagues beyond Ifabella, feveral deep Pits, the uppermoft Ground of
which
Sifted, produced abundance of Gold. Moreover, that he had built the
Caftle
Jurea there in three Moneths time with little trouMe : but becaufe
Provifions

'y

Jheir Conquefi,

Horible TenipefU

A reniarkablc paffug^
concerning Banhtlomm
Colttmbttt,

[rew

5^

A M E %^I C A.

Chap. III.

Bicive
King in Hi^^

grew fcarce there, he found himfelf neceflitated to remove, but left ten
Men in
the Garrifon, and had fent three hundred of the Iflanders with their
Governors
to S^ain. He alfo built the Caftle Dom'mko, on the South-fide of
HiSpaniola 5
from whence he had traveird into the Countrey to the River Naiha: where,
upon this Shore the King 'Beuchto Jnacauchoa Encamp'd himfelf againft
the Nat*
bans, to bring them, befidesfeveral other People, under his fubjedion.
That
Bartholomew demanded Tribute of Jtiacauchoa, which he immediately
promis'd
to pay, and disbanded his Forces, condua:ing !B4rt/;o/om^ji? above
thirty Leagues
on his Way, along a Path on both fides Town with Hemp, and planted with
rereption of a Cotton-Trecs, to his Palace Xaraqua, in the Weft
o( Hispaniola, where he was
uipanwi^. received in great ftate : Thirty of the Kings Wives walk'd
before, carrying in
their Hands Boughs of Palm-trees, and both Sung and Danc'dvery ftrangely
;'
behind thefe came a confiderable number of naked Virgins, very handfom;
at
Ui}: Bartholomew entring the Palace with the King, found a Table
furnifli'd with
all manner of Dainties, and a very courteous Entertainment. The next day
walking forth to a large Plain,and looking about he faw two Parties that
deep*
ly engag d in Fight behind a Hill, with great flaughter on both fides,
and had
not he defir'd that they might be parted,there had been much more Blood
flied.
After he had been feveral days friendly entertained, he returned to the
Forts
Jfahella, Sperancia, Catharma, St. Jago,Turrita, Conception, and

Dominko-^ where he
found above three hundred Spamoi-ds ftarv'd of hunger, befides many that
were
iick.
At that time Cuarlomxius having been opprefs'd by the Spaniards ^ and a
long
time watching for an opportunity, now thinking he had found it, rais'd
an
Army offifceen thoufand Men, with which he was rcfolv'd to try his
fortune
againft Co/?i>j 5 who privately receiving intelligence thereof, fell
upon him
foonafuddenandunexpededly, that he fpoilM his Defign, and took all his
Commanders Prifoners: But to oblige the Inhabitants, who begg'd for
their
King, Columbus Ca him at liberty j, advifing him to be careful of
raifing a War
againfl

r:".&

i^

I'*;'"

emm

"N

53

uumhut Sails the third

to Hijfanioltt.

iDefcription of the City

n
d

Chap. III. / A M E X.I C J, n

againft him any more. But he not being able to endure the oppreillons of
(l{olilmHsXmene:^,^S^dnljh Commzn^tx, fled to the wild G^umos, defcended
from the Canibals, and living on fteep Mountains : Of thefe he defir'd
aid
againft the 5p^m^r^^, and obtained not onely their Promife, butfomeMen.
With which he robbM and pillagd the Countrey round about, and whatSp^.
nkrds he met with he kill'd, and with his Men did eat, as if a Venifon
Feaft.
Mean while Xtmem;^ made himfelf Leader of feventy Rebels, which like
raging
blood-hounds fell upon the Natives after a terrible manner.
Whililall things were thus in diforder at Ht^pamola, the Admiral
Clmfto^her ^::^!:i^;!^ ^'
Columbus fet Sail a third time with eight Ships from the Haven ^anameda,
in
the Year 1498. To fliun the Fmzc/? Pyrates, which watched for the Indian
Treafures, he direfted his Courfe to Madera, a fruitful Ifland of Corn,
Wine,
Sugar, Wax, and Cattel, defolate till Anno 1420. Here coming to an
Anchor,
he fent fix Ships away to HiJ^aniola, which himfelf afterwards followed
with
the remaining two, fleering by the Flemljh iQands, or Acores, firfl: fo
call'd
from the Flemings, the firft Planters : Here he dropt Anchor before the
City
Angraon the Ille Tenera, which is fixteen Leagues in circumference, and
very ^^Defi:ripuon of the city
Mountain-ous ^ the tops whereof are like Spires, and abound with
Grapes : the
Plain Countrey produces great (lore of Corn,but it will not keep above
twelve
Moneths. The Ground is oftentinnes terribly ftiaken by Earthquakes, and
between feveral fulphurous Places, both Flames and Smoak afcend up to
the

Sky. Near the City Angra is a Fountain which turns Wood into Stone. The
"Winds in this Place blow fo fierce and ftrong, that they not onely beat
down
Houfes, but wear out Iron, and all manner of Stone-work. In Jngra the
chief
Commander of all the Flemip? Ifles hath his Refidence. The City,
furrounded by fteep Rocks, lies towards the Sea like a Crefcent, or Half^Moon j
for
at both ends thereof the Mountains extend with deep Points into the
Oceaii. The uppermoft part towards the Weft ftands likewife fortifi'd by
a high Rock, as alfo by another on the Eaft : on both are continual
Watches
kept; whereof thofe on the firft can diicover Ships fifteen Leagues off
at
' Sea;, coming either from the ^/ or If ^/.W/M; and on the other;, all
thofe that
cotne from Europe : When they fee above fifteen Sail, they put out the
Kings
great Flag upon the top of all the Rock.
ThisCity of ^w^r^ is divided into feveral Streets: the Governor and
Archbifiiop live each in a ftately Palace j five handfom Churches are no
fmall ornament to it the Sea before it abounds with Fifli, but are not to be
taken in
X)gcew^er, by reafon of the turbulent Waves.
Chriftofhr Columhm having refrefh'd at Jngra, SailM along the African
Coaft
between the He^miei : under the Equinoctial he was fo miferably
tormented
by the Heat, that his Veftels feem'd to burn , the Hoops fprung'from the
Casks, fo that the Water run about the Hold ^ and they could expea
nothing
but de'ath from the infufferable Heat, and want of Water : eight days
they
had endur'd this hardfliip, when they met with a frefli Gale out of the
SouthEaft, fo that they made great Way towards the Weft. On the laft o^July
he dif^
cover'd three high Mountains and approaching near the Shore, he fmelt
as in
a Pofie,all the fweet breathings of fragrant Flowers commix'd, and at
laft faw
a convenient Haven, where going afliore he found cultivated Grounds, and
fteps of Beafts, but not a Man appeared : the next day they fpy'd a Boat
with
twenty young Men come rowing from the Shore into the Ocean. The Admi^
ial hard them in vain to come aboard, for they made the greater haft
afhore,

ii^

Abundance of Pcail.

dang

AME%JS^A, Chap. III.

ftiU looking about continually with great admiration on the Ships :
whereupon he commanded themto beat their Drums, and found their Trumpets, that
they might by that means entice them aboard but they rather taking ic
as a
fignofWar, made themfelves ready for refiftance : mean while the S^amarh
overtook the Indian Boat, into which they threw a Hat, and other trifles
j the
Iflanders amaz'd thereat, made figns to them to row afliore j but foon
'after
they fled.
O^wte proceeding on his Journey came to P^m, where he found a Fifliers Pink loaden with Oyftcrs 5 which opening and taking out the Meat,
were
found full of Pearls, which becaufe of their abundance were not regarded
there 5 for a broken Difli and a rufly Knife, th zSfamarh had four long
Strings
of Pearl, From thence anchoring in the River of Cm^72^, feveral naked Men came
aboard, adorn d with Golden Armlets, and Strings of Pearl, Thefc
inform'd
him, that they gather^ their Gold from the Mountains and Rivers, and
caught
their Pearl-oyfters in the adjacent Seas. Some of the Spaniards were
nobly
cntertain'd by the King and his Son, who leading them into their Palace,
placed them on Benches of Ebony-wood, curioufly wrought, and on a fudden
feveral Servants came in with variety of Dainties, and welLtafted Wine.
But
becaufe Provifions grew fcarce amongftthe Sea-men, and their Meat
tainted,
CQlumhw thought it convenient to leave the PearUtrade till fome better
opportu!
nity. Then fcttingforward,the farther he wentjthefliallower he found the

Sea
infomuch that his Ship fcarce had Water enough to fwim. This inconvenience was followed by a fecondjfor the Sea being full of Weeds and
Grafs,fcarce
fuffer'd any PafTage. A River thirty Yards deep, and twenty Leagues
broad,
came rufiiing out betwixt two Shores into this Sea with fuch force, that
the
coumhus is la great Waves wcnt high Hkc Mountaius, which mzdcColumhus
judge himfelf in the
greateft danger imaginable, and withall Tack about ; fo that he came on
the
eight and twentieth of JuguJ} Anno 14^8. to an Anchor before Hij^aniola,
where
all things were ftill in a fad confufion, as we before related.
^oldanm Ximenes refusM to follow Chnflopher Columhm's, order and writ
Letters to the King of Spain ^m which he exceedingly afperfed both the
Admiral Co/^kj and his Brother J who were not backward in giving an account
quite
contrary by their Letters, of the horrid Villanies perpetrated by this
Xwienes,
and dcfirM aid, that fo great an Oifender might receive condign
punifliment.
Mean while the Ci^umo's came marching down with fix thoufand Men, which
^artholomeiP went to meet with eighty Foot and fome few Horfe : The
Indians
which he was to encounter with, rather feeming like Furies than Men, for
all
of them were daub'd over with black fmuts on their bare Skins from Head
to
Foot, and their hard Hair plcited in terrible, not in Lovelocks, hung
playing,
or dangling over their Shoulders. When the Spaniards in their March
drawing up, to a River where it was bed fordable, had no fooner left the
Bank, and
taken the Water, endeavoring to wade over, but the Salvages rufli'd
forth out
of the Woods, and letflye a fliowre of Arrows, that had they not been
provided with Shields and Targets, to keep off fuch a deadly Storm, fo thick
they
flew, audio wellaim'd, moft of them had perifli'd there: but having recover^ the oppofite Bank, the Enemy play'd all hid, and in a thought
fiiel-.ter'd themfelves under the proteaion of the Woods J where the Conqueror
purfuing/ound the Service very difficult and dangerous, for their
Arm"es,cfpeci^
ally their Shields, flopping and intangUng them as in a Net, among the
Oirub.

Koldanus Ximenes op-

pof;s Columbus.

Strange Iniiansl

bv

Ghap.

<tA M E R I C A

by a nd twining Branches ; whicK they palling, rigled themfclves^ and

mad^
thei r way, like cjiielling Spaniels following their Game^ and ftili ga
wling them
with their Arrows : whereupon they left their vain piirfuit, marching
another
way to intercept Mayohanexius ^ who with eight thoufand Ctquano's were
then
coming down againft them ; which prov'd a harder task than was
expected :
for e'rche could reduce him and his ftubborn Party, he fpent three
^4oneths in
the Service.
S E C T. I I I.

Ut the great and worthy Service of thefetwo excellent Brothers deferving

rather Statues and Trophies of cverlafting Honor, Monuments never to be
demolifh'd,in their due praife, who had found out after fo many baffled
Ages^
a new World, richer, and not much lefs than the old, by the afperfing
calumniations of one malicious Pcrfon, loft his whole Intereft and Credit in
the
Spanijh Court J quite out of favour witb his Prince, who by his
infinuations
had hinted fo much the matter of Gain among the Courtiers, that every
one
fludied no lefs than to gee a Commiflion, and fo going a Commander to
the
Indies y make up his Mouth, and become fuddenly rich. Firft Francifco
'BomhadilU
prevailing, was fent with full Commiflion to Cnccced Columbus in
H'tj^anlola where no fooner Landing, but he exercisM the extremity of

his^Authority^, and
feizing the Admiral and his Brotherjfetter'd their Hands and Feet,5,nd
put them
aboard on two feveral Ships for Sj^a'm : where no fooner arriv'd,, but
the King,
not altogether forgetting former Services;, commanded them to be unmana
cled, and waited on^, not as Prifoners, with a civil Retinue to his
Court j
where they were well entertained three years. But they being adive
Perfons^,
weary of lo long repofe, got a fecond Grant to make farther
difcoveries;, and
fet forth the ninth o^Majy Anno 1504. with four Sail well appointed from
Cad'tT;^^ and had a fair Paflage from thence to Hijpaniola, where begun
the Storm.
{or 'Bombadillaj who had by the Kings CommilHon fo evil treated Columbus
and
his Brother, as aforementioned, would not fufferhim, though reconciled
to
the King;, fo much as to Land, and there refrefh themfelves and their
Men ; fo
he was fdrc'd to fteer on to the Iflands Guamixa and Feragua,, where a
Huricane, or fudden ftrefs of Weather funk two of his Veflels 5 the other
two flan*
ding off to Seaefcap'd bilging, but fo fhatter'd and leaky, having alio
fliipp'd
abundance of Water, they vvere refolv'd to put in at J^miijc^ j where
weary
with the long Voyage, and hatter'd with the Tempeft, many of his Seamen,
fpent with ficknefs, after their Landing, died. To thefe his fufferings
frorri
Wind and Weather, and his Enemies abroad, a greater and inteftine
mifchief
hapned : Francifco Torefio, one of his chief Commanders, ablolutely
rebell'dj
and deferring him, with another Party of his Sea-men went into
Hijpaniola:
which the Iflanders obferving, refolv'd to famifh him, keeping from him
both
Water and all other Provifions 5 which had not Columbus ftav'd off by a
handfom Invention, they had compleated their Delign, which was this : He
told
them that he was the offspring of the Moon, and if they refus'd to
fupply
his want, the Moon, in vindication of her Son, would familli them, by
fpoiling what e're they had planted or fow'd j and that this would prove true
they
-fiiould know by a fign,that on fuch aNight,fhe rifing in her full glory
,{liould
firft look red, and afterwards by degrees lole a great part of her light
5 which
indeedfo hapned, being Ecelips'd, as he could well prognofticate and
after

thatj they being ignorant of the caufc;, fuppli'd him with all
Neceifaries.
But

Hatli very bad fucccfi in

his fourth Expedition.

migi^gmgf^^^

Fights with Porrjitii.

Dies.

^ M E'B^i c a:

Chap. Ill,

But Torcfio, not able to endure the Sea with his fmall Boats, rcfolv'd
to fur*
prize one of the Ships that lay hz^ott Jamaica j but Columbus fo much
preventer,
him;, that meeting him in his return, after a hot difpute made him his
Prifoner.
But thus ended not his misfortunes 5 for the Veflels which he fought in
foon
after funk;, and no fhip to be found in Jamaica totranfporthim thence.
Laftly,
he agreed with fome hdian Fifhermen, to carry VidacoMendo^a to St.
Dominica,
that there he might hire two Veflels to carry him back to Spain : which
Deiign taking effed, he arrived there in fafety : where after he had
refrefh'd himfeifat the Spajiif? Court, after his fo long and unfortunate a Voyage he
fell
fickp and died on the eighth o^ May \^o6.
Mean while, the Affairs o^ HtJ^aniola grew more out of order : for
'BomhadtlLi joyning with Xime?ies, refolvM to hoard up a huge Treafure of
Gold,
though with the infinite oppreflion of the Natives : of which King

Ferdinand
having intelligence^, fent lN(/c/;o/^ 0/^J^ thither wath thirty Sail
who being
nominated Vice-Roy, anchored in forty days before Hifpamoho No fooner
arrived, but Bomhadilla and Ximenes fled^ leaving their vafi: Treafure,
amounting to ten hundred thoufand Ducats - which guarded with four hundred
^S/?^niards in twenty four Ships was fent to Spain : but fo it hapned;, that
they were
all fwallowed up in the main OceaO;, none knowfitg to this day in what
Latitude they were lojd.

Sect. VI.

Defcription oiCmiatt/t.

Pietro Alponfo Nigno his Voyage.

'Tyietro ISligno, encouraged by fome of thofe that had been with
Columhus 2Lt the
-^ Ides of Pearl;, Rigg'd out a Ship at his own charge, with fpecial
order in his
CommiiTion;, that he fliould not touch on any Coaft within fifty Leagues
of
any Place Columbus had formerly difcover'd. But he little obferv'd his
Orders,
and what he was commanded j for Sailing into the Haven Curiana, he
bartered
Shells, Needles, Glafs, and fuchlike Trifles, for abundance of
Pearls,which the
Iflanders brought aboard, for he himfelf having but thirty Men, durftnot
ven*
ture afhore. Twenty days this bartering Trade continued. Orient Pearls
for
Toys 5 but finding at laft, that they were a civil arvd hofpitable
People, he
Landed, where they entertain'd him in Hovels built t>f Wood, and cover'd
with Palm^^Leaves j before their Doors lay great Hills of Oyfter-fhells,
the
Fifli being eaten, and the Pearls us'd for an ornament j Conies, Hares,
Pheafants. Pigeons, Geefe, Ducks;, Deer, and wild Swine, are their ufual
Food
and their Bread is made of the Roots of Trees. Moreover,Cnijnrf abounds
with
thick and fliady Woods, which reibund in the night with the cries and
roarings of wild Beafts : but though they are terrible fierce and voracious,
yet the

Natives floutly venture in amongft the thickeft of them , arm'd onely

with
Bowes and Arrows. The Inhabitancs are of Complexion tawny, their Hair
long and curl'd j their Teeth they keep white with an Herb, which they
continually hold betwixt their Lips. The Women perform their bufinefs of
Husbandry, Ploughing and Sowing. The Men are Soldiers, following the
bufineis of War : but in Peace their Exercifes are Hunting and Dancing.
They keep annual Fairs, where from all Parts of the Countrcy they bring
their
Commodities to buy and barter. They have their Gold from Cauchieta, fix
days Sail Wefiward from G/ri^?;^.
Thither

I 1

Chap. III.

AMERICA.

Thither N(^5 next diredcd his coiiiTe, .inci came to r.n Anchor there
oti
the fii'ft of OHoher^ Anno 1500. The Inhabitants entred aboard wichoiit
the leaft
fliinefs, or fear of danger, and brought with them to barter, Gold,
CivetCats,Parrots, and Cotton.
Thefe People, though fo civil, are extreamly jealous of their Wives :
for
when a Spaniard made addrefs to one of them, and coming fomething clofe,
her Husband ftept in fuddenly between, and feem'd to forbid the Banns.
But
coafling onward along the Shore from thence to another Ifie, he found
Natives far more wild and falvage : for two thoufand in a Body well Arm'd,
flood ready to intercept their Landing 5 -wherefore he thought it his
fafcH:
courfe to Tack about, and return to Cur tana whence he came.
In his Way not far from thence, he fell amongft eighteen of the
Cannibals
BoatS;, which according to their cuftom had been a Vlan-flealing, and
now

were fo hardy, that fetting upon the Spanip? Sh'ii^, they fuddenly clapt
him
aboard with their Caiioos on all fides 5 but being beaten back by the
terror of
their Guns, they foon retirM : yet the Spaniards took one of the Boats
with
two Men, all the reft faving themfelves by fwimming. One of the two Men
lay bound Hand and Foot, who told them, that he was to have been kiird
the
next day and ^aten, as he faw his Companions, with whofe Flefli they
banquetting kept a jovial Feaft. Nig?io unbinding the Prifoner, gave him
leave
to do what he pleased with the taken Cannibal, who falling upon hira^
cudo^el'd
and whipped him to death.
Then l>li^no in his Way to Curiana touch'd upon the Coafl: of Tarla,
where
he found a ftrange kind of Salt, which the Sea in tempeftuous Weather
cads on
the Shore, which afterwards hardens by the Sun. This Salt muft be taken
up
before any Rain fall, elfe it melts and foaks away into the Ground
yet fometimes grows fo hard as a Stone, infomuch that they make Pots and other
Veffels of itj which the 'P^n^?u barter for foreign Commodities,
JSljgno not making here any ftay, returned a fecond time to Curiana,
where
he fpent twenty days in pleafant Paflimes, being Lodg'd in a Noble-mans
Houfe, at whofe Door was fix'd a Cannibals Head, as a Trophy of his Vi^'
d:ory. He faw there alfo the dead Bodies of divers eminent Pcrfons fet
drying
at a Fire, fo hardned to be fet amongft their Idols.
At length Nigno fet Sail homewards, and carried with him an invaluable
Treafure in Pearls to Spain : but by the way fell out with his Sea-men^
becaufe he kept moft of the Purchafe to himfelf, and would not give them
their fhares, nay more than that, kept back the fifth part from the King
j
whereupon being complain'd of by Verdinando de Vega, Governor of
Gallicia^
he was put in Prifon, andatiaft fent to the Court, where the Pearls were
declared free Prize;, becaufe NirV;zo had bartered for them ^t Curiana,
contrary
to the Kings Orders, not to touch at any Coaft, within fifty Leagues of
what
Columhm had difcover'd. But fihce he had noway regarded, thofe Commands
to preferve that Pearl-Trade, King F^rJmW fent Governors to Qm ana, who
in his Name iliould look after, and employ Men for the catching the
PearU
Oyfters. Thefe, accompanied with a coniiderable number of Soldiers,
befides
fix Monks, forc'd the Inhabitants to furnifli them with abundance of
Pearl :

which oppreiTion grew to fuch a heighth, that one Morning a great Party
of
them confpiring together^ fell fuddenly upon them, moft of them being
maflacred : after they had a while iniiiltingly triumphed over the dead
Bodies, and
fini(Ii'd,as they thought, their good work (Feailing on rh.:ir Flefli at
a joyful
I Banquet)

m[^no Fijhts with the

ScrariCTe Salt.

Strange Corps,

=Z\:(jKff pu; in Prifon.

Ciuel dealings in Curiana.

MH

5S

^ M E%,I C A

Chap. Ill,

Banquet) tKofe few that efcap*d Sail'd to the Ifland Dominic^ the Governor of which Didacus Columbus J Son to the famous Chrijlophery being
incensM,

immediately fent Captain Ocam^o with three hundred Men to Curiana ;

where
in his firO: iiiry^ without diftindion of Sex or Age, he flew all he met
with.'
But becaufe they themfelves could not follow the rich Oyfter^catching,
he
fparM fomc for that purpofe^, whom he commanded to build twenty five
little HoufeSj or Hovels,on the Shore, which he call'd ]>{e^ Toledo, After
this they
went on afrefh in their Pearl-fifliing.
S E C T. V-

The Voyage of Vincent Agnes Pinzon.

He firll of December y Anno 1499. ^^^^^^^ ^ini^on fet Sail with four
VefTels
out of the Haven falos : he had been Commander of a Ship under
Columbus in his firll Expedition, by which means he got great experience
in
Navigation. When he came a little beyond the Hejperides, he was
furpfis'd by
a great Storm, which in three days drove him before a plainCoaftj where
Landing, he found nothing but the Footfteps of Men ; and in the night he
faw great FireS;, fuch as are generally made in Camps ^ about day-break
twenty Spani.irds marchM thither, whom thirty two MeU;, arm'd with Bowes and
Arrows, made ready to encounter j but as they approached, the 5'^rt?
2i,:irJj prof*
fer'dthem Peace, but they refufed allCompofition j yet having faced
onean*
other a while, they retreated without fighting.
After this Tin:<;vn difcover'd a wide, but fhallow River"; where
Landing, on
a Hill he met a great company of Americans : He, to invite them 10
Trade,
threw them a Shell 5 in return for which they call him a lump of Gold j
which
Eto * flran-c R-bt. whcu the Spaniard wtnt to take up they all fell
upon him- and indeed he
could not have defended himfelf long, had not tome of his Company
quickly
come

mlm

ggHHJj^

Chap. IIL

J M E 1^1 C A

19

come ill to his fpeedy refcuejwhich occafioa'd a bloody

Conflia;whereinrevee
ral Spaniards vvcrc wounded, eight kiird,and one of their fmall Boats
funk for
the Americans fought fo valiantly , that they purfu d the S^antfh Ships
into the Sea.
fin:^n being at laft freed of thefe AflailantS;, got into a frefli-water
Sea, caus'd
by the confluence of many Rivers falling in there : from hence he got
fight of
the ^arUn Coaft, and with admiration beheld a Tree which fixteen Men
could
not compafs : Between thefe Trees he fawas ftrange a Monfter, the
foremoft
part refembling a Fox, the hinder a Monkey, the Feet were like a Mans,
with
Ears like an Owl j under whofe Belly hung a great Bag,in which it
carry'd the
Young, which they drop not, nor forfake till they can feed themfelves.
Tin:^on
caught one of them with three Young, which died in the Voyage, but the
Dam he prefented alive in Granada to the King.
This Captain having Sail'd fix hundred Leagues along the Harlan Coaft;,
in a great Temped two of his Carvils in his view were overfet, their
Keels
turn'd upward ; the third driven from her Anchor, and the fourth fo
fliaken,
and full of Leaks, that ready to fink they ran her afliore to fave their
lives ; and
though he cfcaped himfelf the danger of drowning, then beifig afliore,
yet he
was no ways freed from far greater inconveniences 5 for he faw nothing
but

death either for want of Provifions , or barbaroufnefs of the

Inhabitants :
whereupon they refolv'd to free themfelves of their miferies by felfflaughter,
killing one another ^ but fome better advifed to fpend their Lives like
Qbrlfii4ins upon the unbelieving Salvages : Whilft they were in this defperate
condi^*
tion, the Storm ceafed, and Providence prefented their fafety^ the Ship
driving
in before the Wind 3 at which every one taking frefli courage, they
mended
the two fhatter'd Ships as well as they could ; wherein venturing to
Sea, and
fetting Sail, they came on the laft of Se^tmher^ Anno 1500* mio iht
S^anljl)
Haven ^alos. '

'H

A remarkable B^aft.

Great Storm.

S E C T

Chap. II B

The manner of the Inha

bitants in Parin,

The Expedition of Americus Vefputius.

A yfericm Vej^utius a Florentine ^ Commanded four Ships, fitted out at
Kino^ ^ Ferdinand's Charge, fetSail the twentieth o^May^ Anno 145)7. and
refrefh-

ing at the Canaries, from thence he fleer'd to Taria-^ where he fo much

gain'd
upon the Inhabitants, that for Pins, Bells, Looking^glafles, and other
Trifles,
they daily brought aboard in Barter great ftore of Gold, thebeftof Merchandife.
Thefe People, both Men and Women go ftark naked, not fo much as covering their Tudenda j their Complexion fwarthy 5 they fhave off all
their Hair,
onely fome Women leave a Tuft on their Heads. From their Faces, being
broad and flat, one may judge them to be derived from T^rt^ry j they
much exceed the Europeatis in Running and Swimming, infomuch that the Women oftentimes without any Boats, or floating pieces of Timber, venture two or
three Leagues into the Sea ; they have fo great skill in Shooting, that
they
exceed almofl: all other Nations, having Arrows headed with fliarp
Fifli-^
bones they alfo ufe Lances and Clubs. The Women follow the Men in the
Wars, and ferve in ftead of Horfes to carry Ammunition and other
Neceflaries J to which Labor they are fo us*d, that they will bear on their
Shoulders
forty, nay fifty Leagues together, fiich Luggage, as three Spaniards are
fcarce
Th;irfirangeCuftoms. able to lift from the Gfouud. They acknowledge no
Commander or Superior either in Wars or Government j they keep up old Feuds, fighting
with an
inveterate hatred againft their Neighbors, upon ancient fcores and
revenges,
ftiU kept in memory of their Relations flain in former Battels j and
alfo ftill
creating frefh animofities upon their Lofles in later Engagements. Their
Language is fmooth and pleafing, being fpoken with a kind of lifping,
and
abfolutely different from the neighboring Nations. When they eat they
fie
upon the Ground, and fleeping lie in Hammocks, each end whereof being
fanned to a Poftj underneath they kindle a Fire 5 over them they hang
Fifli-nets
and Hooks, Fifh-baskets and Calahapes. When they have occafion to eafe
Nature by evacuation, they retire into fome private Place ; but the Women
think
itnoimmodefty to make Water, even in theprefence of flrange Men. They
obferve not fingle Matrimony 5 for every Man takes as many Women as he
pleafes, under bonds of Wedlock fuch and fo Height, that he turns them
off at
his pleafure : and Women take the fame liberty in cafheering their
Husbands
when not pleafing them. They bring forth Children with little or no
pain,
and wafli them in a River fo foon as born j which done they return to
their

ufual work and bufinefs. When they are incens'd againfl; their Husbands,
they
revenge themfelves by poyfoning their Children. Their Houfes arc built
in
the fafhion of a Houfe-clock, with a Roof rais'd from the Wall upon four
Pillars like the Bell, and covered with Palm^Leaves 5 fome of which are To
big,
that they afford room for fix hundred Men : every feventh or eighth year
they
remove, becaufe (as they fay) the Air is oftentimes infeded by Mens
Breaths,
by their long continuance in one place. Their Riches confifl: in
Feathers of
divers colours. Strings of Fiili-bones interminolcd with green and
v^hite
Beads, with which they adorn their Heads, Arms, Legs, Ears, and Cheeks :
Gold and Pearls they make little account of and as to Trade and
Commerce
with

Cliap.
1

A M E R. I'C J,

6i

with other Peopk, they know not what belongs to it. Their greatefl
Friendiliip confids in projiitoting their Daughters or Wives to one another.
Their
Dead they bury- in moill: Grounds^ and put with thenn both Meat and
Drink
into the Graves : When any Perfon grows very weak by lingring Sicknefs,
they carry the Difeafed into a neighboring Wood, where they lay him in a
Silk
Hammock, tied between two Trees ^ then dancing the whole day about him^
at nicrht they fet Bread and Water enough by him to lafl: four days,and
then departing look np more after him, who thus neglected feldomefcape : but if
fo
it happen that one recover;, all his Relations for the future honour him
as a
ood. When any one falls into a Fever, his Friends immediately bathe him
in .
cold Water, and afterwards fet him before a great Fire, then drive him

before
them till he falls down almoft breathlcfs, and at laft put him to Bed.
They
neither Let blood in the Arms nor Feet, but in dieir Sides and Calves of
their
Legs. Sometime they faffc four days together, which they fuppofe a great
means to preferve their Health. Their Bread conlifls of a fort of Fruit
called
Jncha^ Chambi, or Igname, Laftly, no Lyon devours his Prey with more
voracious eagernefs, than they their taken Enemies.
r^ypwfi^^ being fully informed concerning the Situation of "P^ri^,
weighed'
Anchor, and on thefixth day after entred a convenient Harbor, where
going
afliore,he found twenty Houfes built in the middle of a Lake on great
Pofts ^b^;^,7J^^;fS'^^^'''
every Houfe had a Draw-bridge, over which they pafs'd from one to the
other.
So foon as the Inhabitants fet eye on the Spaniardsy they immediately
drew up
their Bridges : yet fome of them in twelve little Canoos came towards
the Spai/^ Ships, but amaz'd to fee their Looms fo big, durft not, though
hal'd with
figns, to come aboard, but hailed away to a high Mountain j yet feem'd
to iig
nifie that they would return, as indeed they did, bringing fixteen Maids
along
with them, of which they put four into a ^^^wi//? Boat, themfelves in
the inte=
rim rowing between the Ships from one to another, fhewing all tokens of
friendfliip, when on a fudden a Company of old Women came running to the
smnge Fight.
Shore, and tearing the Hair from their Heads, made a terrible noife and
excla=
mation, expreffing the greateft forrow they could poflible : whereupon
the
four Indian Maids fuddenly leap'd over^board, and the Men (liot
abundance of
Arrows out of their Boats at the Ships ; nay, fome of them fwimming
under ,
Water, endeavored to fink the Cock-boats which were made faft behind
their
Ships. Upon this fudden Onfet the Spaniards making ufe of their Guns,
quickly leffen'd the number of the Affailants, infomuch that they fled to the
Shore j
yet five of them being overtaken, were carry'd Priloners aboard.
Vefputius obferving thefe their mifdemcaning Carriages , judg'd it no
wayconvenient to flay any longer among fiach barbarous and deceitful
Salvages :
but having weighed Anchor, and Sailed eighty Leagues along the Coaft, he
ran into another convenient Haven, whofe Shore fwarm'd with People,

which
on a fudden running away, hid themfelvcs in a neighboring Wood.
Here the Spaniards Landing were amazed, when in their Huts they fa w p
J^'g" Foo^d""^'^^ ^'^^'
Snakes and Serpents roailing before a Fire, whereof one had Wings, and
ano=
ther whofe Mouth was tied together with a Rope, flared with open eyes in
a
frightful manner.
Here they left feveral Trifles to entice the fled Natives to correfpond
with
them. And this their Defign prov'd fuccefsful ; for the next day the
Americans
came aboard without the leafl: fear, and offer'd to fliew their
hofpitable kindnefsto the Spaniards^ if they pleas'd to travel three days Journey with
them up
into

mtml

6z

A M E "B^t C A,

'Chap. II'

into the Countrey, telling them, they had onely vaisM thofe few Huts by
the
Sea^fide for a fmall time whilll they Fifli'd in thofe Parts.
The remarkable recepti- About twenty of the S^^wW*^^ Well Arm'd reiolvM
to undertake the Jour*
on of twenty thice Sb.im- , ,, tt-iIw-^I 1t- L in-

t^rds. ney ^ and travellmg over Hills^ Dales, and Rivers, they came at
lait mto a
ViUacre confiiHngof nineoftheforemention'dHoufes, but mightily peopled
where they were in a wonderful manner received by their glad welcomes,
by
DancincT, Singing, Hunting, and other joyful Acclamations, prefenting
their
Wives and Daughters, as the chiefeft part of their hofpitality, to
carefs the
Strangers at their pleafure. The news wis no fooner fprcad, but the
adjacent
ViUacres came in throngs to gaze upon, and falute the Strangers,
inviting them
alfo to their Towns. The Spaniards taking it in good part , fpent nine
days
amona them, highly treated with all manner of jollities, but cfpecially
at their
choice with the varieties o^Venus : from thence then returaing to their
Fleet,
accompanied with thoufands of the Natives,every one carrying Prefents to
the
Admiral Ve/putius ; of whom as many as they could at once receive, they
entertaining aboard, then difmifs'd them, and admitted others ; but the Guns
going
off, they fuddenly leap'd from the Decks, and div'd like Ducks under
Water :
But afterwards being inform'd, that fuch thunder-claps were fent them
from
Heaven to deftioy their Enemies, they were fomewhat better fatisfi'd,
and
caird the Spaniards, Charahi, that is, JVife Men,
This Ifland lying in the Mexican Bay, in twenty Degrees of Northern
Latitude, Vefputius left on his Starboard, and Sail'd along a Meandring
Coafl
(which he always kept in fight) eight hundred and fixty Leagues, and at
lafi
entred a Haven, the like whereof he had not feen before. Here he fpent a
Moneth in repairing his Ships, to which the Inhabitants freely gave
their afliflance j and among other things complainM, that a falvagc People came
yearly
thither from an Illand about a hundred Leagues diftant, who fell upon
them
with horrible rage, and whomfoever they took they eat, but firft
inflivSted all
manner of tortures upon them, fparing none, but together murthering aged
People and fucking Infants j wherefore they crav'd afliftance to be
reveng'd,
which \^ t\\t Spaniards would grant, they would follow the Fleet with
their vw
Boats. Vefputtus promised his aid to deftroy fuch a blood- thirfty
People an(t#
to affure them that he would perform his Word, he ordered fcven of them

to
go in Qamos before and fhcw them the Way. On the feventh day they came
to an Anchor before the Ifland By , where the Shore was guarded with
naked
Men, whofe Bodies being ftrong and brawny, were painted, and their Arms,
Legs, and Head, adorn'd with divers coloured Plumes, having not onely
ofFen' five Weapons, as Bowes, Arrows, and Launces, but alfo defenfive, huge
Targets, and fquare Shields. So foon as they judg'd the approaching
Spaniards to
ruei Fight with the be withiu Tcach, they fliot a great flight of Arrows
at them j but Fejputius lying
clofe along the Shore with his Ships, fiiM upon them with Chain^fliot,
which
did crreat execution : yet notwithftanding about forty Spaniards leaping
afhore
out of their Boats, found themlelves in no imall danger j for the
Cannibals
upon the found of Horns flocking together, fo prefs'd upon them that
they
were forc'd to lay afide their Guns, and fall to Blows, and had not
timely affiilance come to them, they had undoubtedly been all flain : two hours
the
Vi6lory was doubtful on whofe fide it would fall 5 yet at lafl the
Cannibals
quieting the Field, left the Spaniards Victors ; who the next day
purfu'd their
aotten Vidory with fuch fuccei^s, that they drove their Enemies before
them,
burnt their Villages and Boacs, and carry'd two hundred and two and
twenty
of

A c
Caiimb

cii^ip- in.

A M E %J C A.

Vef^uthix fecond Expedi*

of chcm'Priroiiers to S'^iun , where they falely arrived the 15.

oiKoycmherj Anno
1498.
This cTood [ncct^s fo encourag'd Fejput'ms, that having ftay'd fcarce
fcvtn.
Moneths afliore , he obtaining the Command over fix Ships, with which he
fet Sail from Cadi;^, and touching upon the Qinaries , Scecr'd from
thence
Southerly ; and having Sail'd five hundred Leagues, he diicover'd a
Countrey
overflowed and made Marifliy by great Rivers, and abounding with Trees^,
but
faw no fitrn of aity Inhabitants yet not long after, coming before an
Ifland, he
took a Boat with two Prifoners , newly guelt , and fent as a Prefent to
fead
the G/wiW^, which refused to Treat on any other account whatfoever 5
wherefore he Sail'd eighty Leagues forward along the Shore of an unknown
Ifland^
where he Barter'd for fome Gold, and got five hundred Pearls for one
fingle
Shell . thefe Pearls^ the Inhabitants faid were not found there, but
taken from
their Neighboring Enemies , which liv'd Weilward, and had abundance of
them.
Nothincr worthy of remark happened in this Voyage, onely the ftrange
con== stnpge conftkution ofa
O / -L-J- 1 ?! falvage people.
ftitutions of a wild People, living on a barren Ifte, deferve to be
mentioned.
About their Necks hung two hollow Vcflels , the one full of white
ftamp'd ,
Worts, and Herbs 5 and the other, full of Grafs, which they greedily
cram'd
into their Mouths, feeding like Cattel 5 then a Stick wetted with
Spittle, they
put into the bruis'd Herbs ^ taking upon the end of it, as upon the
point of a
Knife fome of the bruis'd to their Mouths^which (as if chawing the Cud)
turning therein,then taking out again, and ftrowing more of the fame Herbs
out of
the Veflel upon it, fwallow'd it down. No frcOi Water was to be had
amongft
them, but what they gathered from the Dew in great Leaves : Neither had

they any Houfes, but dwelt under great Trees, and fed on dry'd Fifii.
The next remark in this Voyage, was the difcovery of an Ifland not far
from s^nge adremure of n.v.e
. : JO' J Spitmards, meeting with
the former, where he found the Footfleps of a Gigantick People, upon
v/hich g-eatcmts.
nine Spaniards went a League to fearch the Countrey , where they faw
five
great Huts^ Handing in a fpacious Valley , and in them two old , and
three
young Women , each of them being twice as tall as an ordinary Man: The
old ones invited the Spaniards to eat , who when they were fat down,
confulci ; ing how they might take and carry one of thefe GiantelTes to Spain ,
there to
V-ihew her for Money, thirty fix Giants came in to them, ( never did the
Sun
lliine on a more terrible People) which fo amaz'd the Spaniards, that
their Hair
feem'd to ftand an end at the fear thereof: Every Giant was arm'd wirha
Bow and Arrows, and a Club : They wondering at the nine ftrangers, flood
talkincT very earneftly one to another , which gave the Spaniards time.
to think
of making their efcape 5 fome judg'd it convenient to difcharge their
Gunsupa
on them^ and in the Smoke to run away ; others thought, that it would be
bet*
ter to take a milder courfe, which they all agreed on j and taking their
leave,
went out of the Hut, but were followed by the Giants, who kept a Stones
caft
behind them, and went failer or flower , as the Spaniards flacken'd or
mended
their pace who at lafl: oettintr to the Shore, and from thence into
their Boats
they fuddenly put off; but the Giants then purfu'd them with eager
ipeed, all

of them leaping into the Water , and Swimming, fhot abundance of Arrows
after them ; but frighted by the Thunder of two great Guns that were
difcharged from the Ships, returned afliore, and fled into the neighboring
Hills.
Vejl>utiu$,

Oyftcn.

\^M

Veshntiiis at lafr began to conGder of returning home, his ?rovi(ions

be^irining to grow fcarce , and his Sea.raen fain:, having continu'd m the
Equi^no^
dial heats a whole year ; wherefore he direded his coiirfe towards SMin^
in his Voyage, driving along the Coail an advantagious Trade , by
barterineDercriptionofthcpaan- Shells and Gkfs for Pearls. The Inhabitants
prefented him with Oyfters, of
which fome inclosM one hundred and thirty Pearls ; when they attain to
their
full growth^ they fail out of the Shells themfelves, but thofe that
ftick, decay.
So upon the tenth of iS(^ovemher, the Fleet came fafe to an Anchor
before (^adi:^,
^,r^/>., third Expedi- After which, r^^i^^fir^ retired to 5m7, with
intent to fettle himfelf there, buc

he had not long repos'd , when Emanuel King of Portugal fent for him to
Liihon
and gave him the Command of three Ships, to difcovernew Countreys . between the Cmaries and Jfncd, they pafs'd thorow fo many Fifhes (not
unlike a
Bream ) that in an hours time they loaded their Boats with them this
Fifli
hath a round thin Scale, fharp Teeth, Stones in their Brains or
Foreheads, a
(harp pointed Heart, a Bladder full of Wind, red Tail and Fins, feeds on
Sea
Weeds, Gurnets and Oyfters, and is of a delicious Taile.
From thence, five degrees Southward of the Equinox, he found a naked
People on the top of a high Rock, that beckon d the Spaniards to come
towards
them . upon w^Lich, two of them refolv'd to venture thither, having
order not
.-wom^'"'^''^^'""'^'"''" ^^ ^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^^ above five days : The firft
incounter they had was of fome
Women, who offer'd their bodies to proftitution ; but a Youth, as if
aifrighted
with fome fudden danger, came running amongfl: theni;, whom, whilft they
flood gazing upon, and wondering at, an old Woman with a great Club,
running down the Hill overtook, and knock'd him down dead upon the ground-'
which done, the Women that were making Court to the Spaniards , took him
by the Heels^ and dragg'd up the Hill, where foon after they faw him
chop'd
in pieces, BroyPd, and eaten : They alfo made figns to the Spaiiiardsy
that they
would devour them alfo in the fame manner. The Shore- was crouded with
Men , which fliowrM upon them feveral flights of Arrows j wherefore they
thought it befl to Weigh Anchor, fo taking Aboard their two Men, and
having
Saird 150. Leagues, they got fight of the Coaft of !Brafde, along which
he Sail'd
Southerly to fifty two Degrees , where three 'Brafilians came Aboard of
their
own accord , and were eafily perfwaded to go with him to Portugal 5 but
the
Weather growing very bad, arid the Cold intollerable, the Storms
fwelling
the Waves into the bignefs of Mountains , Vej^utim left the Coaft des
^atagoms,
and the Streights, afterwards call'd Magellan, behind him, burnt one of
his Ships
before Cape Sierra Uona, and brought two fafe to Liihon,
.^vvrM- fourth Exped.- ^is fourth Expedition happened. May 10. Anno
1503. at which tiijie he
Steer'd direaly with fix Sail to Sierra Leona, and approaching the
Coaft, could
not come to an Anchor, becaufe of the ftrong eddying Currents : Three
Degrees beyond the Equinox appeared a rifing Hland , two Leagues long, and

one broad, deftitute of Inhabitants his beft Ship being fi^ hundi-ed
Tun, fplic
hefe againft a Rock, and nothing of her was faved, but the Sea-men :
ButT?^putim Rowing afliore with a Boat , found a convenient Haven, with abun"t-SpiJers^andDrngons. daucc of fwcct Water, high Trces, Sca-Spidcrs,
and horrible Dragons, which
have a fliarp Head, round fiery Eyes, and wide Mouths, Winers not unlike
a
Bats, a fpeckled Breaft, curl'd Tail, blew Back, and two Bags like a
drawn '
Satehel TrianguLir , were under their Bellies : No lefs ftrange are the
SeaSpiders, by their hard Feet, long upper Teeth, two long Sheers or
Pinchers,
and double Belly J between the Head and the Belly lies a blnck Skin,
with
which

ch-ip.m.

.J M E%^I C J.

6-1

which they darken the Water ; when any one goes to take them in the
night,
they make a great fliadow; they feed on Fifli , the Female lays little
white
Eggs, not unlike ordinary Haii-ftones.
rejputtm hiving left this defolate Ifle, three hundred Leagues a Stern,
entered
a Haven, to which he gave the name of St. Jbdy, where he ftay'd two
Months,
expeding the return of thofe which he had fent into the Countrey ^ but
feeing'
it in vain to wait any longer, he proceeded on his Journey, and Sailing
in between the ^^re//w, mthtKivcx Curubaho, he built a ftrong Fort, GarrifonM
it
with twenty four Men, twelve pieces 6f Ordnance, and ProVifions for fix
Moneths : Five Moneths Fejj^utm had fpent in the building this Caftk;
when
he return 'd home with one Ship, laden with ^rafll Wood, where
approaching

Lisbon , beyond all expedation , the Inhabitants of the City ran to

Congratut
late his happy return.^ And from this Jmencm Ve^utms, the Ne-^ World is
to this
day caird /^/mc4. ~~~~~/^:-~ r' --

-Sect. VH.
The Expedition of Alphonfo, Fogeda, Diego Nicuefa, Ancifus , and
Roderick
Colmenares. - *;
^mncus Ve^utlus was fcarce fitted out in Lisbon, when Fogeda fet Sail
with
three hundred Men from_ ^eata , the chiefeft Haven of Htjpamola , to the
laand Codego, inhabited by Naked People, but of comely Perfonage, and
withal
expert and mod excellent Archers : Here he found a very ftrange Tree,
,woderfuiT.eeonc...,.:
which bears a Fruit not unpleafing to the Palate , yet deadly Poyfon,
and bejiQcs , whoever chances to fleep under their fiiadow , loofe both their
under^
Itanding and Eye=(ight , and never attain to their former Sences ,
except they
take fome Opiates, as dangerous, and fo by long fleep, recover.
Here Vogeda fct upon a poor Village near the Sea=IIde, where without
mercy ^^^^-^^ cruelty and defim:
he

66

AMERICA,

Chap. I II >

Famine.

Strange accident.

Jmifui efcapes great danger.

he piru them all to the Sword, except a few Youths which were onefy
laved,
that they might inform Fo^eda, what was become of the flain and taken
S^aniayds i Who told him, that" according to their Cuilom, they had
Roafledthe
dead, and alio their living Prifoners, and feafted on their Flefli. Here
having
burnt the Houfes , and fifting the Afhes, Ntc^fa found fome Gold. But
now
they began to be diftrefsM for Provifions 5 for prevention of which,
jS[tcuefa
had given order to Ancifus, Marfiial in Btjpamola, that he fhould follow
witha Ship of ViauaU for the Army to Qdega, But he being kept back by inconvenieticies, mo^Il of the Spaniards were famiili'd, fo that the three
hundred Men
which Code^a brought from HtJ^anlola , were reduced to fixty. And he was
already under.Sail to Hifpamola, when Jnci/us Anchor^ in the Haven of
Codegoos,
and fent fome Men afhore to mend his Boat , and fetch freOi Water, which
whilft they were doing; the Natives came flocking about them : Three
days
they facM one another, ufing no Hoftility , when at lafl a Spaniard that
underftood the Qodegan Tongue , adventuring to fetch Water, he was
immediately
encompaffed ; when fpeakingto them, and informing them in their own Lan=
guage, That he v/asnoneofFogf^^ or 2v(ice/^ People, which not long
fince
had committed fo great flaughter, they left him, and the rather, becaufe
he
told them, that Anctfus would take revenge on them, if they did any
wrong to
him. Thus quieted, they brought all forts of Provifions Aboard. Mean
while,
Ancifus Saird to the Main Continent Wr^^^, where in the Mouth of a Haven
he
ran his Veflel a-ground,which was bilg d; the Sea-men taking fom e Arms
along
with them, fav'd their lives by fwimming afliore ; where, their firft
fuftenance
they found was ftore of Peaches and Cherries, which was a great
refrefliment
in thole hot Countreys,butyet had undoubtedly been ftarv'd, but that in
fearching the Wood for Fruits, they found Wild^Swine, which preferv'd their
lives;
yet they were not free from apparent danger , having to deal with a

Salvage
People, into whofe hands they were fo unfortunately caft by Shipwrackj
however Jnctfm fet a good face on the bufinefs, marching with a hundred Men
up
into the Countrey, where fome of the Urahanners from an ambufcade
unawares,
with their Arrows wounded feveral of his Men, hereupon they retreated to
the Shore of the River Dana, whither alfo they had brought the fmall
Boats,
fav'd from the Wreck 5 where whilft they were in confultation
howtoretura
to H(/?^.imo/4, the Inhabitants having mufter'dthemfelves, and making a
Body
offive hundred Men, fet upon them , who after a ftiarp Conflid, made
them
retreat, and at laft to flie, whom Ancifus purfuing, found in a Thicket
of Canes
or Reeds a great Treafure of Gold. Mean while , :^tcuefa Sail'd to the
plentiful Golden Countrey Ter^^M^ with three Ships , of which he loft two,
the
one Commanded by Lupus de Olana, and the other by Teter Umbria Olana,
which
was ftranded in the Kiycx Feragua, which gives name to the whole Ifland,
but
he built a new CarVil, whereasthat o^ Lupus Olana was bilg d among the
Rocks.
Little better fuccefs had ?s[tcuefa, whofe Ship over-turning with a
Tempeft, he
with a few of his Men made land upon Fcragua, where he rang d up and
down
in amiferable condition, on a barren, and in a manner defolate Shore
feventy
days : All that time, finding no other Food than W^ild Roots, who
wandring
up and down, at laft met with Olana, a little before caft away on the
fame Ifle,
whom he fecurM, becaufe he prefum'd to ufurp the Title, and be prime
Commander of that Countrey. Upon which, the Spaniards being divided, fome
(ov Ancifus, fome for Olana, the difference more and more encreafing,
would not
be reconcird, till the Famine ovcr^powering, mafter'd both, fo that not
being
able

'^H^'

Chap. III. - AME%J.CA.

able to handle their Arms ;,^he Salvages flew them at their pleafure ;>

by this
means in a fhort time , of feven hundred eighty five, remained fcarce
ninety ;
yet did not all this mifery work any thing upon the ambitious humor
oiVaf*
(lues "Hunne-;^^ who rebelling againfl: ^ncifus^ fplit that fmall
remainder of Men,
and with the help of thofe he had drawn over to his Party , made himfelf
Governor o^liraha, not poflible to be long enjoy'd without fpecdy fupply,
which
foon after they received j for Colmmares Sailing from Hijp aniol a vjith
Provifions, f/<mExpediuon,
arriv'd there the 15. of OHober, ^mio 15 10. having been tofs'd twenty
three days
at Sea : then making into the River Gaira , to furnifli himfelf with
frelli Water, he loll forty feven Men j for whilft they were filling their
Casks^, feven
hundred of the Salvages came down upon them, and with their Poyfon'd
Arrows wounded and kill'd mod of them. Colmenarcs came in a good time to
His flrange reception.^
the remainder under Jncifus Command , being in danger of death for want
of
Provifions, and finding the factions that were among them about
Superiority,
he thought it fit, confulting with fome of the chiefeft of them, to find
out Nicue/a, who was indeed the Governor that had the Grant from the King :
This
agreed, Colmenares went to fearch, and at lafl: lighted upon him,
building a Fortrefs againft the alfaults of the Enemies on the Promontory. Mormor, he
was
glad to find him, but griev'd to fee the mifery and hardfhip they
endur'd,nloft
of his Men being kill'd, partly by the exceffive HeatS;, partly by
Famine, and
partly by the cruelty of the Natives, fo that he had onely fixty
remaining, and
thofe many of them alfo fick and weak. ^
Colmenares having delivered his Meifage, ISljcuefahxokc up his Quarters,
and
fleighting the Fort^, went with him, but both himfelf and his Men were
opposed from Landing hy "Hunne:^-^ wherefore ISljcuefa was neccflitated to
Steer
for HiJpaniola 'j whom, or what became of him was never known.
Nunne:^ hsLVin^ thus quitted himiclf of Nicuef ay and now, more than
ever,
wanting Provifion, he refolv'd to take out his own Commiffion at large,
and
fetting up for himfelf, make no dilcrimination of Perfons, Spaniards, or
Na*
lives, but to make out his Fortune. *

And firll, he fell upon Careta King of Qka, whom he took Prifoner,
Plunder^
ing him of all his Treafurc and Provifions j yet this fufficed not long,
for foon
after. King Concha invading Careta, ]S[un?ie-^ took hold of that
opportunity, and x
pretending to a/fifl: Careta , being well recruited with his Forces^ fet
upon Concha, who immediately fled, and left all to the fpoil of his Enemies.
This News fo amaz'd Cowogry,another King, that he profFer'd Peace j
whereupon Nunnesi going thither, was nobly entertained in his Palace, being
one hundred and fifty Paces long, and eighty broad, the. Floors Pav'd with
Stone, and
the Roofs Vaulted, his Cellars were fl:or'd with Wine, made of the Root
J^cc.i^
./^ey , and Mais-^ the Privy-Chamber was hung round with dead bodies_,
Mummy'd artificially with Lent Fires, and were the Corpfes of Qomogrus
Anceftors , and others of the Royal Blood, and neareft Relations, of whom
fome
dy'd at leaft four hundred years before j each of thcfe fafl:en d by
Cordage
made of Reeds^, were Habited in Cotton, richly adorn'd with Pearls and
Gold.
Mean while , a Hurricane happening , terrible with Thunder and
Lightning,
and hideous Gufl:s , fwell'd and fo enrag'd the Sea , that breaking its
bounds^
over^^running, drown'd the whole Champaiuj thus the hopes of a fruitful
Haryefl: being utterly loft, -they fuffer'd under a great Famine.
The Spaniards which Encamp'd near the River Daria, on Uraha, perceivincr
this, and knowing they had no manner of fupply from Hi^amola^ and having
K % already

Remarkable Pallac of
King Cgmogrus,

^.^

A M E K

jrM<C_Exploits.

A flrange Pallace built on

Trees.

Taming the low Land

into a Sea.

Chap. IIL
alrea-c^y Pilbg d the Neighboring Kings , that they had nothing left.
Nunne:^
marchingthirty Leagues up the River, Plundered the Village, of which
D^^^d/^tf was King, where he found an unvaluable quantity of Gold, but
little or
no Provifion. Here were many Flitter Mice, or Bats, bigger than Turtle
Doves, whofe biting was mortal , unlefs immediately wafh'd with Salt Water, according to the information of the Prifoners.
Now as N/#w^;<,Hr^^^Pillag'd towards the South, fo did Qolmenares ,
fetting
up alfo for himfelf, make prize of all , to the EaR with fixty Men ,
Rowing
againft the Stream up the River Dana, above twelve Leagues, where he
found
in feveral Villages and Hamlets, and at KingTwrl^i^s Palace, abundance,
both
of Provifion and Gold ; from thence he Marched to the mighty Province
Abe7iamchei, which though making fome refiftance, at laPc they fubdu'd.
And the neighboring King Ahtheiba narrowly efcap'd the like fortune,
whofe
Pallacc was built on the tops of Trees, Plafli'd, and Pleited together.
Timber
Beams lying athwart ; neceflity forcing them to choofe fuch high
Habitations,
partly, to avoid the Inundations of Rivers, fwoln above their bounds by
fudden
and almofl affiduous Showres from the Mountains ; and partly, to be free
from the excurfions of fculking Robbers ; alfo being better able to
defend
themfelves in thefe Caftles in the Air, and alfo fecur'd by their
heighth from
their Shot , being above the reach of their Indian Arrows : The bodies
of the

Trees downwards, upon which the Houfes are built,are generally twenty
four
Fathom thick , fo that they cannot eafily be cut down , nor fired ; but
Cohne'
nares againft thefe, as they fuppos'd, impregnable Forts, having made a
Gallery with feveral great Hurdles^ fet his Men to work under that fafeguard,
with
Axes on the Tree whereon Ahlheihas Houfe ftood , who feeing his imminent
danger, wondring at this new manner of Storming, came down, promifing
to furnifli him with Gold out of the neighboring Mountains,
notwithftandingit would be with the danger of his Life j becaufe the Qannihds
generally
kill thofe that adventur'd to dig in the Mines : To this promife ,
Colmenares
h'?\otonthespa,ihrds, hearkcuM, and having fet him at liberty, for the
performance,he in ftead thererangeiy icovcr , ^^^ ^^ ^^^ couttary, ftirr'd up, and joyn'd with all
the Conquered Kings, to
deftroy him and his Men : Nor were they flack to have executed their
defign,
five thoufand of them being already drawn together at the Village
T/nV/;i, the
appointed place of Rendezvous, and fo privately carry'd, that
undoubtedly it
had been effeded, if not happily difcover'd by this accident.
T<[unne:^, amongft his other Slavefles , had one exceeding beautiful ,
on
which he was much Enamoured, and fhe likewife feem'd to bear as great
an affedion towards him, which flie manifefted , by declaring the fecret
to
Hunm:^ which her Brother had imparted to her , being an intended general Maffacre the night following, that fo fhe might the better make her
efcape the day before j yet fo much fhe prefer'd the fafety of her Lover,
before
the liberty of her Native Countrey , that (lie difcover'd the Plot.
Islunne:^ not
lleeping on this advice, on a fudden fet fo fiercely upon the
Confpirators, that
he utterly broke their defign j yet the Feuds and Contefts for
Superiority fiiill
continued amongft them , which look'd with fo bad a Face to the ruine of
all,
that news thereof arriving in Sj^ain, it was judged fit to fend for
Colmenares, and
John Quicedo to the Court, there to render an account of all their
Tranfadions,
Both going Aboard a fmall Veflfel, were by Storm driven on the Coaft
ofCuba,
where they were inform'd from a Prifoner, that ValdiVia and Zamudw,
driven
afliore by Ship wrack , and not able to defend themfelves , were
furpriz'd by

Chap. III.

AMERICA.

the Natives, kill'd and eaten 5 that VogZiU driven up and down along the
Coaft, had loft moft of his People by hunger^ and other hardfliip, and
himfelf with much ado getting to Hi^aniola, dy'd as foon as Landed of the
Wound
which he received by a Poyfonous Arrow, near the River Daria.
But much happier was Ancifus, who foon after Fo^eda coming to Cuha,
found ^''"^'" ^''>'2*
a King, who fufferM himfelf to be Chriilen'd, and call'd Commendator ;
and
building a Church, Confecratcd it to the Virgin J%r;; ; in it he ereded
an ,HcV4";a^^'i^^'Tn^'h;
Image of Clay, refembling a Woman, which he clothed in a Cotton Garifl^ndc^^^,
ment - round about were plac'd Pots with Meat and Water, according to
their
old Idolatrous fafliion, otherwife, they believ'd their Idols would
devour the ,
Souls of the Dead, and this, though Chriftians, they did not forget.
Kay further, when he went to War, he carry'd the Image of the Virgin
Mary
with him in the Front of his Army, often faying, Ave Maria 5 and this
was the
end of that Voyage : But afterwards Ancifus complained againft Fafcus
Nunne:^
in the Spanijh Court, where he received a Sentence very prejudicial to
him, Coh
?MeM4m and (2iceJo had alfo Audience there ;, whereupon matters being
fettled^
a firm Government was eftablifli'd in Kr<2^^.
Sect. VIII.
.Peter Arias his Expedition, and remarkahh Tajfa^es ofYaCcus Nunnez. *
PEter Arias Knight, accompany'd with his Wifc^ Elii^aheth ^oadilla, fct
Sail
Anno 1514. but furpriz'd by a violent Storm, loft two Ships, and
returned
to Spain , yet not long after began his Voyage afrefli ^ notwithftanding
he had
lately had fuch bad fuccefs, and heard of the great hardfliip which
Ntcuefa fuf- -Kr/../fuirers hunger:
fer'd, having not onely kept himfelf alive a confiderable time by

feeding on
flefli of Dogs, and other fuch like Creatures a great Frog being fold
in Vera^^ for a lump of Gold,
But Fafchm Nunne:^informd o^ Arias arrival , the chief Governor o^Uraha,
afterwards call'd Neil? Andaluzia, minding to inrich himfelf before he
fliould depofehim, and hearing that feveral Gold Mines lay Southward from I^r^^^,
raarch'4 thither with a hundred and ninety Men, thorow great Rivers,
Thickets, and Woods full of Wild Beafts, deep Vallies, and broad Rivers, not
with*
out many hazards and difficulties. In the Mountainous Territory
Quarequanj,
the Inhabitants ingag'd him valiantly, with Bows, Arrows, Clubs, Woodden
Swords, Pikes and Launces, but frighted with the meer report of their
Muiquets, like flocks of wild Fowl , dilTipated and fled , but not fo faft,
but that
fix hundred of them fell by the hands of the Spaniards, or were worry'd
by their
Doo-s,train'd up on purpofe for the American Wars. Soon after,coming
into the Dcssm'dinthc wars;
Palace, there fate his Brother drefs'd up in Womens Apparel, whom the
King
kept to abufe, as if a Concubine whereof Nunne:^ being informed, in
deteftation of Sodomy, fet the Dogs upon him, who fuddenly tore him in pieces.
Sodomy hombjypunifh'd.
Amongft the flain were found feveral Ne<7roesj which fuffering Shipwrack
had
been caft on the Jmerican Shore, and maintained a continual War with the
Quaraquanen, Co that it feem'd the Slacks which were found dead amongft
them
were their Slaves : Yet ISlunne^ was forc'd to leave a confiderable
number of
his Men here, who being half ftarv'd, and quite tired out, were nor able
to
follow him ; but with the remaining party he marched on;, and at laft
came to ^,^,f2:h^ss^'
the high Mountains, from whence he faw the great South^Seaj and going
thither' ^

A M E'B^I C J.

Chap. III.

South

I I'

ci'l

ther, was met by King Chi apes, leading an Army of thirty thoufand Men;
which great Body ftood not long to make refiftance , being terrifi'd
with the
Vollyes of Shot, whofe Report the ccchoing Valleys prefented to their
Ears,
\ double and trebble : And that which moft amazM and difanimated them in
the rout, were the Dogs, who fiercely purfu'd and feiz'd the flyers,
tearing
away great morfels of FleOi. After the Battel, the Conqueror proffer'd
Peace,
which was agreed on, upon the delivery of feveral great Prefents of
Gold. After that, Chkpesxht King, accompany'd with Hunm:^ the %i/7? Commander,
and March'd with him over a broad River to Qociuera, where at firft fomc
Forces made refiftance, but were routed 5 whereupon, they alfo fuddenly
ftruck
up a Peace, upon conditions, that the Prince, nam'd alfo Coquera,
{hould return
isin great danger on the him a crreat quantity of Gold. Here he found a
handfome Bay running up ia
crooked Reaches, above fixty Leagues, which Numie^c^Wd St. Wdael, being
fprinkled with Iflands, and treacherous with hidden Rocks. There Kunne^^
(though diffwaded by Qnapes, becaufe he knew the South^Sea at that time
being the three laft Moneths of the Year, was exceeding turbulent, that no
Veifel
could hardly live in it, yet) ventured with nine Indian Boats, and
eighty Men
from the Shore into the Offin-^ where, notwithftanding the high rolling
of the
Waves, he got to an uninhabited iHand, on which, being neceffitated to
ftay a
night, the Tide flow'd fo much , according to the property of the SouthSea,
that tiie higheft Ground thereon, lay almoft covered with Water, every
one of
the Spaniards having enough to do to fave themfelves from being wafh'd
away.
Day approaching, difcover'd a iecond inconveniency , for the Indian
Canoos either were extremely Leaky, or elfe fo fhatteiM, that they were unfit for
fervice;

yet notwithftanding all this, they ventur'd to return, rather choofing

to be devoured in the Waves , than die of that hunger, whofe mifery they had
fufficiently tafted, during the fmall time they had been out. Not long after,
Nmne^
Conquered the King Tamaccm in a Field Battel , who thereupon purchased
his
Peace with great Prefents of Gold and Pearl. He alfo fliew'd the
Spaniards an
^ Illand

iing ic was the

illand, whofe fpiring tops were fcen from the Main Land, which io
abor.ndc'-l
in Pearls,, that in no place were either iTsore or fairer to be found :
But th^
King who liv'd on it was exceeding powcrfuL
N/<?2f;<, immediately refolv'd to Sail thither, notwithftandi
middle of Oftoher^ when the South^Eaft Winds make fuch a turbulent and
hoi- . .
low Sea, as m.any times wafli'd away Trees and pieces of Rocks :
Befides, the
Weather was more terrible, by continual Lightning and gi'eat ThunderClapsthe Nights very cold, the Days exceeding hot 5 yet all thefe
difficulties could
hot prevail, for Nunne:^ would not (lay to expe*5l fairer Weather, but
went on,
and comincr thither, he faw how the Indians Fifli for Pearls^, which was
Divine Manner of pifiiuig for
Fastis
for Oyfters j but the Weather being rough and foul, they durfl not
venture for
the beft which lay far from the Shore.
But 2^?/??^;<, leaving his lick and weary'd Men with Chia^es y March'd
quite i^K^t: returns,
another way back than he came ; and croiling a great River, was receiv'd
by
Prince Teaocha^ who furnifli'd him with Gold, Pearls, Provilions, and
Guides,
which carry'd his Luggage and Goods.
facra, a great Oppreflbr of all his Neighbors, hearing of the approach
of
ISlunm^y fled, but terrifi'd with threats, returned with three other
PrinceS;

which were all fo Deformed, that more horrible Monfters were never [ptn^
'
fcarce any part about them refembling thofe of a Man : The Guides which
i''?f^'t a tyrannous King,
111 -iir TO 1 ^ r > 1 t i -tl ir>. ?r his horribk death,
Teaocha had provided ior the opaniard delir d that he might be put to
Death, for
the Cruelties which he had long committed J whofe Requed being granted,
he
with the other three Princes, were given as a Breakfaft to the S'^^wyZ?
Doggs.
Mean while, the Spaniards were in danger to have perilli'd for want of
Water
yet at laft, in a Thicket of Brambles, they found a fmall Brook, but
none of the
M/d?zi durfl venture to go to it, for fear of Tygers, and other
WildBeaflsrelating, That the Tygers took many people in the nights out of their
Huts, if
they were not careful in making faft their Doors.
John Ledefma had himfelf eaten part of a Tyger, which for fix Moneths
tos^e* ^ stnngerchtia-.ofaTyi
ther, had every night feafled on Mans flefli, or Beafts, which they
caught in this
mianner : In the Path along which he pafs'd, coming out cf his Den to
feek for
Prey, a deep Pic was diggM, and covered very fleightly on the top, into
which
the Tyger fell 5 yet though taken, fo fiercely withftood the Pikes,
Darts, and
Stones thrown at him , that every one. was amaz'd to fee the fury of the
Beaft,
After that they fought for the Female , but found onely two young ones
without a Dam, which taking along with them, they put Iron Collars about
their
Necks, intending to carry them to Spain j but feeing no likely hood of
breed*
ing them up , they brought them back again , purpofing to fetch them
away
when grovN^n fomewhat older, and accordingly coming afterwards to look
for
them, they found the Den empty , fo that it was fuppofed they had been
de-^
vour'd by their Dam.
In the Province o^ 'Bo?ionia7naj the Spaniards inrich'd themfelves with
Chains, Mmnezkvthsvhnrnc^/
and Breail-Plates of Gold, which in great plenty hung on the Walls in
every mlLbit"'"''^' ^"'"' '^"
Houfe : At the River Comogrm^ they difcharg'd Tf^oc/w's Guides, and made
ufe
of Cofog^ and (}Vi;^d, two Governors of a barren Tra(!^ of Land, full of

Hills '
and Mountains, which they left on their right Hand, and wandred three
days
over a Morajfe^ in which they often funk to their Knees.
In all thefe Travels, Visual wa3 fo fcarce that they were much weakened
by their wants - and though they took frefh courage when they got
footing on
King 'Buchehua's Jurifdidion, yet they found nothing but empty Hu.tS;
and the
, - ' like.

PeUr Ar'tiU his Voyage,

and Fight in the Haven
St.MMthn,

Strange Houfes and

Houfhold-fluff. ^

U'hu ufe ihe Anm'icaui

make of the Root Mani't-

^ M E^I C J. Chap.
like \n the Coiintrey o^ Chiorijus, both having a little before been
pillaa'd by
their more powerful neighboring Enemies. But although they could not
fur*
nifii Nunne;^ with Provifions, they prefented him with weighty Inaots of
Gold :
but this rich Metal not able to purchafe the lead morfel of Bread, drove
them
into a great ftrait j and indeed they had without doubt been all
famiOied
had not focchoroj a, ^nothtv King, fed them forty days together with
flamp'd
Roots. Thusrefrefli'd, and inftigated by Tocchoroja, they broke by
nicrht in
Tuhummas Palace ;, and- took him Prifoner with eighty Concubines, who
fearing to be put to death;, gave an incredible Treafure of Gold to
purchafe
his Pvanfom.

Nunne^ thus enriched came at laft to his People which he had left on the
River Varia, where two Ships fent from Hi^aniola rode at an Anchor.
Whilfl: things were thus carry'd mAmertcay Teter Arias Sail'd with
fifteen
Ships, Manned with fifteen hundred Men/ to New Andalufia, by the Iflands
Martinina, Guadalupe^ and Galanta, all in America : a confiderable time
he Sailed
through the Sea overgrown with Weeds. Afterwards anchoring ii^ the Haven
St. Martha^ he received a great repulfe from the Natives, who no ways
daunted
at the bignefs of the Ships, waded up to their Breafls in the Sea, and
fhot manygreat flights of poifonous Arrows at the Spaniards ^ of whom tw^o being
wounded immediately died. Jria^ fending ibmeof his Men afhore, they found many Boats lying full of Nets^, made of tough Weeds^, and Ropes pleited of
Ruflies. In the Haven St. JMartha, being three Leagues wide, are abundance of
Fifh,
which may be Cccn. under Water twenty Fathom deep.
But now the Spaniards that were afhore breaking into the Houfes, and,
taking
Women and Children Prifoners , the Americans prepar'd for another Fight,
which at the beginning was very fierce 5 but at laft they were forc'd to
quit the
Field,
Their Houfes and Furniture in them are worthy of obfervation : their
Cielings being covered with Shells ftrung on fmall Thred, which make a
pleafing
noife, when mov'd by the leaft breath of Wind. The Walls are hung with
fine
Stuffs^ woven full of Imagery, as Cranes, Lyons, Tygers, and fome
Figures of
Men ; the Floors are cover'd with parti-colour'd Mats, made of SeaReeds,
and feveral tough Roots 5 and their Carpets befet\vith Pearl add alfo a
great
beauty to their Rooms.
In the Valleys the Spaniards found feveral precious Jems, as Saphires,
Jafper, Emeralds, and great pieces of Amber, and in fome Huts, Baskets, and
Chefts full of dry 'd Locufts^ and Crabs,
Here alfo grows the Root Yuca,a.s alfo on feveral other Weft-Indian
Coafts, of
which they make their beft Bread, and is call'd in Hifpaniola and
Angola, luca by the ^rafilians, Mandiha and Mandihoka -^ by tht Mexicans, Qu_auhca?
notU : it
grows with a thick or midling Body, according to the fruitfulnefs or

barrennefs of the Soil j the Leaves are like thofe of a Tulip, and have fmall
Flowers
and Seed, but no ways ufeful the Root, not unlike Horfe-Raddifli, hath
a
milky Juice, which fwells it exceedingly the Sprigs, which in the
eighth and.
tenth Moneth ilioot out of the Root, ferve for new Plants 5 and if at
any time
it happen, that either by a moift Seafon, or by Worms, or Pifmircs, the
Plant
is fpoiTd, then it occafions fuch an inconvenience amongft the
Inhabitants,
that half of them in that year die of Famine. ^<>.
The Leaves of the Maudihoka ferve them for Sallads. Out of the Root,
which

Chap. III.

A M E '.Z^ I C J,

1%

which they lay foaking five days in Water, they make Meal> which the
^ortu,^
^uefe ca\\ Farina frefcay hut the Americans, 'Vipeha.
yioxeoYer:,Mandihoka fcrves
them to make Bread, which they bake over the Fire ; and mix'd with
Water,
Pepper, and the Flour ISlhamhi^ makes an excellent Pudding, by them
call'd
liMingaude Carima^ no lefs pleafing to the taftc than wholfom Food : and
with
Orange*Flour, Water, and Sugar, it makes that excellent Julep Ttpioca.
The
Powder of Mandihoha ^ut into a Wound, cures very fpeedily. It is very
pleafant to fee the Americans eat this Bread j for they tofs it by handfuls
at a pretty
diftance from their Mouthes without letting fall the leaft Crum. Laftly,
it
requires great art and trouble to make the Mandihoka fit for Bread :

firft they
muft peel off the Shell, then put into a Mill turn'd by two Indians it
falls,
being Ground, into a fquare Trough. The Juice proceeding from it is
mortal,
if eaten when raw, but wholfom if boil'd : the Meal they put in a Prefs,
and
when all the moifture is drawn from it, they ftrow it in an Oven to dry.
But
the wild Mandihoka y by thofe that live on the Sea-fhore calPd Cuacu
Mandiiha,
and up in the Countrey, Cuquacucuremia^ differs both in fliape and
goodnefs
from the firft.
But to return to our matter : Arias coming to an Anchor in the River
Daria]
was cheerfully received by Nunm^-^ his firft Bufinefs which he undertook
was
the building of three Forts, to fecure the Paflages to the 5ot/; iSe^ j
to which
purpofe Joannes Aiora received the Command over four hundred Workmen,
Moreover, ^nWtook great diflike in the Place call'd Maria Antiqua, which
the
Spaniards were forc'd by neceflity firft to Plant in : it lay in a deep
Valley between high Mountains, fo that it not oncly wanted the benefit of the
rifing and
fetting of the Sun, but when in or near the Meridian, it fhinM down upon
them, and fcorch'd all their Plants^ and the tepifi'd Moraffy Grounds
about
the fame infeded the Air, and the Water which they took up to wafh their
Houfes, immediately bred Frogs, the River Daria overflowed the Grounds
with his muddy Water three Leagues diftance from the Sea 5 the Paftage
thither
L alio

Arias's Exploits ia Xm

'"V.

' il

Af^ran^e Accident.

Remarkable Trees.

Remail-able Journey of
Moralii to the South Sen.

alfo was very troublefom, becaufe of the uneven Ways ; and befldes, the
Tylers and Lyons devour'd many People and Cattel.
The firft Night that Jrtcvs lay in Maria Jntifia, the Houfe wherein his
Chi
ruvgion Lodg d was fir'd with Lightning, who running out with his Wife,
beingl^oth fcorched by the Flames, faw a veiy great Crocodile, which
fnatch-^
ing^ up his Dog ran away with him towards the River.
"^The neighboring Territory Coiba produced Trees, whofe Timber usM for
Shipping never breeds Worms, becaufe of its acerbity ^ whereas on the
contrary, all other VeiTels in that Countrey are very fubjed to that
inconvenience.
Here alfo grow thofe famous Plague*Trees, whofe very Leaves, if but
falling
upon one, are like Gods Arrows, mortal,and immediately kill, unlefs the
Place
whereon they light be ftraightway anointed with failing Spittle : and
the Coihenfers fay, that they know another poyfonous Wood, which they ufe to
deftroy their Enemies withall.
Whilft Anas was confulting about the beforemention d Affairs, he fent
feveralComandersto divers Places, to take a furvey, and give him an account
of
their Return of all their Difcoveries. Amongft others G^j^er Mor^/^ was
ordered
to march towards the South Sea, to confirm the Peace which N^;^ had
begun
with the Kings Chlapes and tumaccM ; and chiefly to go to the PearlIfland w^ith
fixty Men, which mw^;<. was forced to leave, being ftrefs'd by
tempeftuous
Weather. Chhpes and Tumaccm were according to their promife, to prepare
an
Army ready for his affiftance againft his coming - which indeed they
per.
formed, fo that they wanted nothing but Veffels, for the biggeft of
theirs could
not carry above three or four Men yet they undertaking their
Enterprife,

Landed feventy Men on thelfland ^ upon which the Inhabitants under their
Kings Condud ran to meet the new Landed Forces, and crying out aloud
Gua:^^ayara, Gua:^^ayara, they ran in amongft the Mufqueteers with their
wood,
den Swords j but the report of the Guns, mix'd with Fire, Smoak, and
Bullets,
foon amaz'd them : the King flying, thought by alarm to raife all the
Iflanders ; but they being informM, that no People whatfoever could
withfl:and the
fire-fpitting People, made Articles of agreement with Uoralis, and
Conditioned
to deliver a hundred pound weight of the choicefi: Pearls to the ufe of
the King
oUaftile . and as a teftimony of his Friendfhip he was Chriften d feter
Arias,
from the Governors Name of Neji^^wJ^/wy?^.
How great the Treafure was which J^or^/w brought from the Pearl Ifland
may app'ear by one of the Pearls, for which Pope Leo the tenth gave
forty
forur thoufand Ducats to a Venetian Merchant.
Amonga the Commanders which were fent out by Arias, was alfo Johan*
> nes Solifm, who Sailing fix hundred Leagues Southerly, along the Coaft
of the
Carihbies, beyond C^pe St. Auguflim, he found the Inhabitants of
femamhuck to
be no lefs cruel than, fubtile for being invited afliore, he with fome
of
sotifu^ bis mifcrabie his Mcn Row'd thither, where no fooner Landing,
but were all kill'd and
*"''; eaten in the fight of the other Sea-men aboard ; at which b'eing
amaz'd they
weighed Anchor, and SailM away. Freighted onely \n\\.\v Srafih Wood, to
Cadi;^.
Afo in an unhappy hour did Johannes Tont^m put fome of his Laundreffes
afhore on the Ifland 6W.^//^p.'?, to wafh fome Linnen for him; for the
Iflanderscoming on a fudden out of the Woods fjrpviz'd them, and forthwith
killing without mercy, cut them in pieces, and c:irbonadoing, eat their
broil'd
riefh hot from the Coals, \^h\k Gonfalm 'Ba.Ujociii^ Sail'd with eighty
Men
Yfefl:erly,

Strange Pearl]

Chap. IIL

A M E%1 C A.

J1

Strange Slaves,

Wefterlyjand having gone fixty Leagues he went afiiorc,and fpent fome

days in
vairi,to Court the J^mericans to a friendly correfpondency ; which
whililhe was
doing, he was recruited with fifty Men from Varia, Commanded by Lodowick
Mlrcado : fo both agreed together to travel over the Mountains to the
South Sea.
The Governor Juana, whofe Jurifdidions abound in Gold, flying with mofl
part of his Treafure, was never heard of, onely they took fome of his
Slaves,
whofe Faces were ftrangely Carv'd with fliarp Fifh^bones, the Wounds
fiird with red and black Powder, which fo difcolour'd the Flefli that it
could
never be got out. After that they traveird through the Wildernefs five
days
together, being onely met by ^ovnzlndians carrying M^i;^, who fignifi'd
to them^
that King Teri^uete liv'd along the Sea-fhore, and up into the Countrey
the
blind Tofo^zog^ ; of both which they got an unvaluable Treafure of Gold.
Great Boew,
Amongft other Pieces of that rich Metal was one which weighed two pound.
Taracuraxzis'dmthh Expedition eighteen thoufand weight of Gold : and
little lefs did they takeout of the Territories belonging to the Princes
'p4^
jiomey Tahoj-y Chcru, and Scoria : The Prifoners ferv'd them in ftead of
Horfes,
they not being able to carry all the Gold themfelves, the meaneft
Soldier having
above three thoufand Pounds Sterling for his fliare.

They were now got to Tan:<ias Kingdom, not without leaving fad remarks
^ij^l^'^^^"^^^^ ^^^ ^^*'
of their avarice and cruelties. When 'P^W^^ furrounding this Party thus
loaden
with Gold, Charged -fo fiercely, that atthe firft Alfault feventy of
them were
ilain . thofe few that efcap'd brought the tidings of their fad
misfortune to
^eter Ario/S. AmongO: thole that efcaping returned, was Vrdncifcus
Delapuente,
whofe obfervations concerning catching Parrots and wild Fowl, we will
briefly relate, the digrefHon being but fhort.
The hdian where the Parrots are mofl frequent climbs into a Tree, and ^
^''^'^^^ waytocatch
.... Parrots.
chattering like them, with his Voice imitating their Notes, allures his
fellow*
prater to draw near, and fuffer him to take them in his Hands. But more
belongs to the taking of wild Fowl, as GQcfc, Ducks, Swans, and the like
:
From the bottom of their Handing Pools and Lakes in that Countrey grow
Weeds, which fpreading upon the Water ripen, and rotcing breed Water- .
Hies, Spiders, and Frogs, upon which the Fowls feed. Near thefe Pools in
the Gardens grow Cabbages as high as Trees, which often dropping into
the
Water ferve the Birds both for Nefts and Food : but the skilful Fowler
finds
it his bed way to take one of thefe Cabbages, and making it hollow in
the
middle, claps it on his Head like a Helmet, then going into the Water up
to
his Chin, and paffing foftly along in fuch manner, that nothing is feen
but the
floating Cabbage, and coming near the Birds, he takes them one after
another
by the Legs, and puts them into a Bag ty'd about his middle for that
purpofe.
But what is more worthy obfervation is the American Bird
Xochitenachate^ having a flefhy Bill, like a Mouth full of Teeth,
continually opens
and fhuts to draw Breath, having no Noftrils 5 the Back,
Wings,
are black, the Bread yellow like Gold, the Belly and end
a
Vermillion colour.

Toucan
which
Neck, and
of the Tail of

This Bird Toucan feeds for the mod part on Pepper, which tarries not
longT
with them, but muted almod as foon as fivallowed : which Pepper thus
evacuated the Natives value above their common, becaule the unpleafing

fharp
' acidity, or biting quality is thereby much mitigated.
But to return : Whild the Expeditions under the Command of Teter Ari^s
had fuch bad fuccefs, Ai^i<J himfelf and Fafchus Kunne^hzpned to gI a
ill : NunL 1 ne:^

Sirange 'Biid'^eucaH.

' g Evacuated Pepper.

.I

ne

J M E R I C J. Chap. IIL
who fince his difcovery of the South Sea was held in fome repute 2t the
Spmif^ Court, had built four Ships on the Shore of the fame Ocean, to
make
farther iofpedions along the Coafts thereof : but being commanded to
come
to^n^^ the Governor, he was committed to Prifon, and accufed of
highTreafon, as if he had intentions to fettle himfelf in 9eru, and abfolutely
to have left
T^aria: all which though he difownM, and utterly denied with great
proteftations when brought to a Trial, and no witnefs to affirm the contrary,
yet was
by ^riin's fpecial Order Beheaded.
Not long after which Lupus Sofa, Governor of the Cdnajy Iflands, was
fent to
fucceed Jna6 in Kew Jndalufia,
Sect. IX.
The Expeditions of Francifco Fernandez, Lupus Caizedus, Chriftophero
Morantes, Bernardo Igniguez, and Juan Grifalva.

Jucatan

Sutel7 City.

.!'-

( ' t

Ernande:^, Cai^eduSy a.nd Morantes^ antient Planters in C^4, obtained a

Licence
from the Governor VkgoVdafcjues^ to Rig out three Ships with a hundred
and ten Men to difcover new Lands. : Velajques thought fit to add one
more
to their number upon the Kings account j which Truft he committed to
Igni^
me:^ : all of them confulted with the experienced Navigator Antonto
Alamines,
Six days the Fleet had been at Sea, when they difcover'd Land, which by
a
Original oF the Name miftakc was callM Jucatan, becaufe the Inhabitants
being ask'd what was the
Name of the Coaft, sin^vjer'd Jucatan ; which, as the Spaniards were
afterwards
informed, fignifi'd. We under fiand you not.
"Upon the Shore they found a City, whofe Stone Buildings, with ftately
Fronts and high Turrets, fhew'd mod magnificently. Eernande^ called this
City for its wonderful bignefs, Cairo^ from the Egyptian Metropolis,
famous
through the World.
The Spaniards coming to Land were courteoufly received, and condu(5ted
into the City ; the neatnefs of whole Market-places , and exadnefs of
their
Streets, they beheld with admiration as alfo the coilly Stuff Garments
both
of Men and Women : but their wonder increased when they beheld very
artificial Crofles, concerning which upon inquiry they related. That a Man
more
glorious than the Sun, being bufie in ereding the CrolTes, died. But
thefe
People, though fo courteous and civil at hrll, feem'd in kw days to be
weary
of their company j which the Spaniards obferving founded a Retreat, and
Sail-

ing Wefterly, proceeded on their intended Defign, and foon after

anchored
before Campechium 5 the King of which conduced Fernandez and Morantes,
with
fome others, into the City, confiding of three thoufand Houfes. In his
Palace
they were entertain'd with all manner of Fowl roafted : After which
refrefliment they furvey'd the City ; in which, amongfl: other curious
Buildings, was
Remarkable imas^and a high, but fquatc Theatre of Marble, on which
flood the Image of a Man, on
^'''""^""^'' all corners affaultedby four wild Beafts, which were of a
no lefs ftrange than
horrible fliape. Not far from this Image they faw a Serpent fafliion'd
up of
Chalk and little Stones, whofe coylM up Tail was forty fcven Foot long,
and
of a proportionable thicknefs. This Serpent, iprinkled with Mens Blood
yet
warm, feem'd to prey upon a Marble Lyon : both thefe were inclosM with a
Stone Rail, within which Malei'adors were daily executed. BlcodyBows and
Arrows broke in fmall pieces lay between the Bones and dc^d Bodies.
Ignigue^
call'd

Campechium a City.

iiiiffifiiininii

Chap. III.

A M E%J. C A.

77

Spaniards Hain.

Migixiy Ifland CofnimU-

caird the King Lci:^cirus\ becaufe he difcOVer'd his Gountrey on St.

ha^arm^s
Day.
Making no long flay here, they returned to their Ship, and weighing Anchor Sail'd fifty Leagues more Weflerly, the Fleet got fight of Mo/coho^
in the MtfcohiCkj:
Territory y^^^m7;, whofe King afTaulted the 5^4/VJf with fo much fury,
that
two and twenty of them were flain, and fcarce one efcap'd which was not
wounded : wherefore they returned with bad fuccefs to Cuba, Yet
Velafques
no ways difcourag'd thereat, not long after fitted out four VefTels,
Manning
them with three hundred Men under the Command o^ Juan Grifalva and Ala*
mines t, who having Sailed feventy Leagues, difcover'd the fruitful
Ifland Cofumella-^
ajong whofe Shore ftood fair Stone Edifices, intermixed with Temples,
whofe
Steeples appcar'd above the Houfes. Grifalva being led lip into one of
thefc
Steeples by a Prieft;, faw at a diftance off at Sea the Territory
Jucatan : and in
the Place where they were,there were fpacious Halls, full of Marble and
Stone
Images of deformed Men and Beads, which with a murmuring noife, and
burning of incenfe they religioufly worfhip. The Spaniards call'd this
Ifland
SAnEia Cru:^*
Sailing from hence they direded their Courfe to Campechimn , where the
year before they had been fo civilly treated j where arriving, and
without any
fear coming afhore, they found the Qw/?ec/?mw2j quite of another humor
than
they were the former year^ telling them. They would not fuffer any
Strangers
to beamongfl: them^ and placing a burning Torch between theirs and the
Sparufy Forc-es, thrcatned5That if they did not depart in quiet;, they
would force
them: which accordingly they endeavored, making a fierce Onfet upon the
Spaniards 'y who being now come under their Battlements, when they faw
their
advantage, pour'd what they had kept as a refcrve, whole Volleys of
fmail
Shot amongfi: them; which ftruck fo much terror, that they all ran away,
flijfting for themfelves, anl crowding into the City.
The Spaniards found afterwards Jucatan to be but a ^cninfuUy and came'
be*

Spaniards fight wita Ae

QatnptcUansi

n.'

78

J M E%^I C J.

Chap. III.

criHces

fore a River which fell with fo ftrong a Current into the Mixican Sea,
that it
retained its fweetnefs for the fpace of two Leagues.
Strange paffages on Td^ This Rivcr, flowiugout of thc Province Tabafco,
wascallM G/tfalva : upon
wKofe Banks ftood above fix thoufand Americans - and in the Water
appeared a
hundred Boats with Armed Men^ which Row'd aboard the Spanijh Ships.
The Interpreters oUuha, whofe Language agrees for the moft part with thc
Tahafcers, prevailed fo much, that the King himfelf came to thc chief
Commander Grifaha, and bartering with him, gave him as much Gold as his
Iron
Helmet, Breaftplate, and other Armor weighed.
sacrifie-ipnd. g^^j^ ^f^g^ ^^^^y Landed on the Ipnd of Sacrifice, fo
call'd from the horrid
Sacrifices VA^hich the Inhabitants made daily.
Exceeding horrible sa- Amongft Other ftrauge Images^ there ftood a great
Lyon of Marble, feeming almoft decollated with a great gafli ; into which Wound they pour'd
humane Blood warm, which was received into a Stone Trough fet for that
pur-

pofe underneath ; then the Figureof a Man CarvMin Alabafter, bowing for.
ward, as if looking into the Trough upon the Blood. Thofe which were
facrificed were Prifoners taken on the neighboring Coafts, whom bringing
before their Idols, they ripping open make no farther infpedion, but
onely
to whip out the Heart with which having fmear'd the Lips of their
Idols, they
throw it into the Fire : the Heads and Corps they let lie unburi'd 5
whofe flefliy
parts^ efpecially their Cheeks, they feaft upon.
MaUcH-ijiand. 'pj^^ j^^^t Ifland is inhabited by Women to which
Annually their Neighbors go, pretending merry kindnefs, but upon amorous inclinations: and
Plough and Till their Ground, "and Weed their Gardens.
rmendimum a Ciy. 'j^^ chief City of Tabafco is fojitcnchianumj and
contains above fifteen hun*
dred Houfes, all built of Stone hardned with baking after their manner ;
which in fome Places, befides their Turrets and Temples, yield a
pleafant Pro-fped at a great diftance. Fourteen eminent Townmore did the Spaniards
alfo
fee in Tabafco,
When

\i\ mS^

'if,-l'.fttft-;<r>?*i

A.. (J Jf r) kN\ u 4^ A Wli I nKi

t'iili
li

H^^^ygmg,

Chap. III.

A M E%1 C A.

19

When in converling with them they obfervM their ftrange manner of Seal.
s.age making of ob,
ing their Bargains and Contrads one with another, they were amaz'd for
not ^'^''"""''
ufing Waxjthey ufually SealM their Compads with their own Blood,commonly drawn with a Stone Knife, either from their Tongue, Hand, or Arms.
Their Priefls live (ingle,and if found to be Unchaft, are puniflit with
Death'
An Adulterefs is fold for a Slave : Unmarry'd People may not frequently
converfe with Marry'd : Thirty five days in the year makes their lewf, in
which
theyabftain notonely from Flefh, but Fifli alfo, feeding onely upon
Roots
and Herbs. In this place the Spaniards were received in great ftate,
Canopy 'd
with green Palm-Tree-Branches, and in like manner conduced aboard again,
not without many Prefents, vt;^, the Effigies of a Man curioufly wrought
in
Gold, wherewith they return'd to Cuba.
Sect. IX.
TheExpeditionoflcexdmmdMig^g^lhn, commonly caWdM3Lgdime,

T He Bi(hoi^ 'BartholomeTif de rafts, living a confiderable time in

Hilhaniola Bi'^opf'/^f"aJefreacon.
^L /^- /7\ 1 r fini 1 , ^ Ji > cerning the Pearl catching,
m the <^ity JJommtcoy bemg intorm d of the abundance of Pearls which '
were caught before Cubagua , and the unfupportable cruelty of the
Spaniards
there undetOcainpus, us'd againft the Inhabitants, went to Spain, with a
defign
to obtain of the Emperor Charles the Fifth, the Government over Cumana
and
Cuhagua, under pretence, to draw the ignorant Natives from their
Idolatry, to
Chriftianity j which his requefl: was efpecially promoted by Wtlliam o^
IS^ajfaw^
the Emperors prime Favorite ; fo that having his Letters Patents granted
to
that purpofe, he took Ship, and arrivM with three hundred S^^wi/^
Gentlemen
X) Quality in O^^^ : And that they might have the greater rcfpca Oiown
to
them there, they had each a Red Crofs given them, fuch as the Knights of
Calatra-va generally wear. Yet little did Ocampm^ the old Governor of
Cumana,
regard either them or their Authority ., for in ftead of receiving and
fulsmitting, he kept the Bifliop de Qafis out by force of Arms ; who then made
complaint to the Vtce^^oy of the WefiJndies in Hifpamola, and in the mean
time, put ' ^
his Grg;o into a new Store=houfe.
But whilft he made his AddrelTes, Ocampm having fufficiently inrich'd
himfelf departed, which incouragd the Cww^jww, who already were incens'd,
and
weary of their former fuffermgs, to venture on a defign, whereby they
might
revenge themfelvcs of the Spaniards, which their undertaking proved fo
fuccefsful, that very few cfcap'd the Maflacre : Of which, de Qafts being
inform^;,
and much difcontented thereat , betook himfelf to a Dominican Cloyfter
in Ki*
fpaniola.
Yet not long after, the Cumaners paid dear for that (laughter, for one
Cajieilio, Cruchyofc.M.inc.:
though not without fevcral Engagements, with various fuccefs, lading
forty '"'""
days together, having at laft utterly vanquifli'd them , put to an
ignominious
Death, Hanging up feventy of their Princes, and to them of meaner
quality,
fii'ewing as little mercy. '

As little fuccefs had Lodowick Lampamano, fent out by fome Spanijh

Merchants,
with Letters Patents from the Emperor to Fifh for Pearl, before the fame
G^^^^ J to which purpofe he carry'd peculiar Nets and other neceffaries
with him.
But the Cubaguan Spaniards unanimoufly withftood him j fo that not being
able ^'''M'' difcontented.
to effed his defign, over.po werM with a Melancbolly Diilemper that
broke his
Heart, he dy'd. j^

8o
MagtUanHS Expedition,
how u happtn'd.

Strange '^Giant.

Streighis of MitgeUati^
how found.

r^

A M E^B^I C J. Chap. III.

In the interim, while thefe fcarce confiderable Voyages turn'd to fo
fmall
account, Verdtnand CMagagiianus (for To ^eter M?rf)r calls him, and not
K^^?//^ms, which herein deferves to be credited, becaufe they were intimately
acquainted, and great friendfliip between them,) undertook to Sail round
about
the World ^ the occafion of which we will here relate at large :
This Ulgctglianm, or MagelUnus, a Gentleman of Portugal', having
performed
things of grc^t importance for his King, in Africa, although with no
lefs trouble than Charge, defirM an addition of half a Ducket a Moneth added to

his
Annual Penfion'; an inconfiderable Sum to make a Requeft for, yet though
fo
little, was as niggardly denyM: Whereupon, highly incenfed, he fludy'd
no
little 'revenge; to which effea, foon after an opportumty was prefented,
bymeans of Fr^?ici/c^ ^^^^^"^ ' who writ from Teniata to him, that he
ftiould
fpeedily come thither, which he foon after did upon this account :
Pope Jlexander the Sixth, having fixtTerminaries between the Kings o^
CajTtk and (Portugal, both bufie at that time in discovering new Countreys
, OrderM, That G/i/e iliould poffefs all the Coafls lying to the Weft of the
chief
Meridian, and Portugal to the Eaft : By vertue of this partition, the
rich Spicy
Molucca iQands fell abfolutely to the Tortuguefe : Now Magellan^
perfwadcd
Charles the Fifth, that they might be Sail'd to with a Wefterly
Courfe^and therefore belong d to Cajlile j Which advice, Charles the Fifth confidering,
and approving, Rigg'd out five Ships, with which Magellanm fet Sail from
SeVtl, the,
ttnt\io^ Augufl, Anno 1519. five Moneths he ply'd up and down the Coaft
inhabited by the Tatagones , where he found none but one fingle Perfon ,
or rather a Monfter, a Giant ten Foot high, who coming Aboard his Ship,
devoured
a great Hamper full of Biskets, and at one Draught drunk up nine Pottels
of
Water. He alfo faw feveral Trees which had been Hew'n with Axes, and
Croffes made on the tops of them. Whilft he lay in that Harbor, which was
call'd
St. Julian, he Cafliier'd his Vice-Admiral, John Carthagena, with his
Father Confefibr, and fparing their lives , fet them afliore , and there left them
to feek
their Fortunes, though they had ConfpirM to Murther him.
Magellanm from thence Sailing afterwards Southerly along >imV^, to forty
two Degrees Southern Latitude, was engag d with the eddyings of a very
ftrong Current, which driving one of the Ships into a Bay, fplit againft
a
blind Rock, but the Men being fav'd in their Boat, were driven farther
and
farther into'a Channel , between high and Snowy Mountains ; whereupon he
immediately judg d (as the famous Negromancer (^derick Talerns had often
told him) that there was the PafTage, through which the Northern Ocean
flow'd into the Southern ; wherefore he refolutely adventur'd to Sail
into
thofe Sraights, which in fome places narrow, and in others broad, is an

hundred and twenty Leagues long, and full of fmall Ifles and dangerous
Rocks. Whilft he ftill Sail'd on, the Ship call'd Antonio, Tacking about,
return'd to
Cadi:^,
But Magellanm enter'd the great South-Sea with three Sail, on the 25. of
Oao
her, where the Sea-men fuflferM extremely by cxceffive Heat, Drought,
and Famine, three Moneths and twenty Days, without fight of Land : And now,
their Shooes, and the Leather which coverM their Shields, began alio to
grow
fcarce ( which before had been counted a Dainty ) when they diicover'd
two
Iflands lying two hundred Leagues diftance one from another, yet both
Defolate and Barren , wherefore they were call'd the Unfortunate Ifes :
After that,
they came amongft a areat number of Iflands, whofe Inhabitants were much
DC? incluVd

iij__i_

, Chap. III. A M E R.1 C A. Si

inclin'd to Thievery 5 for which caufe they Denominated them Ladronesj
the
chiefeft Ifland called Borneo, hath two hundred fifty four Leagues in
Circumference, whereon a Tree grows, whofe Leaves when fain off, feem to be
alive
and creep like Worms. The King of this Ifland entertained the Spaniards
very
courteoufly, two Elephants bringing his Prefents to them on the Shore,
out of
a City confining of twenty thoufand Houfes.
Near iBor?ieo are two lefler Iflands,caird,^w^o and MatanfThc King
ofZubo free.
ly fubmitted himfelf to the Spaniards, and Magellanus leaving his Fleet
at Anchor Ma^eiiannsii^n:
in the Haven,went with his own and other Indian Boats,and attended with
fome
of the Zuhenjers to Matan^SNhtxc fetting a Village on Fire,he carryM
great Riches
from thence : This not fatisfying , he refolv'd within eight days to fet
upon
the Royal Head=City J but the King in his own Defence, Encountering with

Ma^elhmm^ flew him, and feven Spaniards more, befides twenty two
dangeroufly
wounded ; thofe which efcap'd by flight, got to Zubo^ where being
invited to 'S'/*"'^^/ murdered,
Dinner by the King, they were all of them (in fl:ead of a fecond Courfe)
Mur- .
ther'd at Table. The occalion of this was out of Revenge, becaufc the
Spaniards
Kad falln too foul upon their Women and Maids, Devirginating, and
forcing
them to their Pleafure, than which rudenefs nothing was among them more
Detefl:ablc. The Sea-men weakned by thefe Misfortunes j, were
neceffitated to
burn their third Ship, calFd, St. Ja^o. but Sailing to the Molucco
Iflands with
the other two, they Freighted them both with Cloves; with which the Ship
trinitM Sail'd to 2>{eit>-Spain through the South. Sea, and the Ft^oria,
Commanded ^j,^" ^""^ "^ '^^ y^y^ge
by John Sehafttan dc Lano went the fame way which the Tortuguefe us'd,
and fo to "" ^"'' '
St, Lucar de ^arrameda, near Sivile, where he came to Anchor with his
Ship and
eighteen Men. . ' ,
S E C T. X.
Ferdinando Cortez his Voyage,
A Lthough feveral Expeditions of the Spaniards to y^?;2mV^ proved very
un^
fuccefsful at the firfl, yet they ftill undertook them afrefh, and with
renewing Courage : Ferdinando Sottus, though he Landed five hundred Men in
^^"^ity.
Florida, yet brought no Treafure from thence, onely he cut off the Hands
of
fifteen Princes, becaufe they would not difcover their Mines of Gold.
Yet far worfe fuccefs had ^amphilus ]S[arVae:^^ who loft both his Fleet
and wi^^i-abieendofjffiir^^t.
Men, faving onely ten out of fix hundred; in the River Talma, and they
alfo af^
terwards dy'd there, or eat one another to fatisfie their raging Hunger.
'
But much better was the fortune of Ferdinando Corte^, Sailing from Spain
to ^"^^''-^^ t^i^ Voyage;
America, in the Year 1515?. who having the Command given him over ten
flout
Ships, and three Frigats with five hundred Foot , and an additional
Force of
fixteen Horfe, rais'd by the new Spanifl^ Inhabitants on Cuba ^ with
which Forces Landing on the Ifland Co^mnelia , he prohibited Humane Sacrifice to
their

Idols, and Eredred a Crofs with the Image of the Virgin Mary, in one of
their
Temples, and releas'd Hieronimus Jquilaris, after a feven years Slavery,
having Reixiarkabiedeiiverx.
fufferM Ship wrack with Valdma at which time fome that lav'd
themfelves in
the Boat, were by the Current in thirty days driven to Jucatan, in which
time
feven dy'd of Hunger the reft going ailiore, were no fooner Landed,
but Sa.
crific'd by the Natives to their Gods or Zemes. Among the fix that
remain d.yec
left alive, and to be offer'd after the fame manner the next day, was
this J.;/=
larts, who with his Companions, breaking Prifon, in the following night
fled

8z

5a^e Battel.

-' A M E %,! C J. Chap.

to a Neighboring Prince their Enemy , and one that maintain'd a
continual War
againft tkefe Cannibals.
Here Corte;^ fent Articles of Peace to Taxmarus the King of the
Countrey, but
he neighting his proffer, came down upon him into the Field with forty
thoufand Men, "drawn from the City <^otanchanmi , which contain d above
twenty
thoufand HoufeSjall built of Stone : And indeed the Sj^anwds had here
feen their
lafl day, had not Com;<. drawn by a Teeming advantage the Enemies under
his
Canon ' and fent his fmall Party of Horfe to attend the motion of the
Rear ;
when fo Toon as they had fir'd their Canon, making great Execution, the
Front routed, and the Rear terrific with the noife and fmoke of the
Guns, they
alfo broke, being at the fame inftant Charg d with the Horfe , which
were fo

terrible to them that never faw Horfes, nor fuch Service on Horfeback
before,
that in a fhort time the whole Body of fo great an Army was utterly
diffipated,
p.^..,.acuy. and the triumphing Conquerors took polfeflion of the
empty City Totanchanum,
where Solacing, they ftaid a whole Moneth. Then from hence they Sail'd
to
Colvaca, where, upon the requefl o'fthe Natives, they fettled a Colony.
Amongft
the Prefents which were there given to the Spaniards , were fome of
their
c^fo^^Boote, ofwhat o^n Volumes , Books , whofe Leaves were made of the
innermoft Rind of a
^Sr^'''^''^^^^^'^'Tree, andakindof Pafte, made of their Meal , glewM
together j the Charaaers ftood at fome diftance one after another, rang d like our
Chr'tft^Crofs %gw,
or jiy (By C^
Here Corte:^ was amaz d to behold their ftately Temples, the Floors
whereof
were cover'd with Embroyder'd Tapeftry, befet with Precious Stones, to
which great multitudes flock'd, being very zealous to perform their
Devotions.
When their Seed is put into the Ground, or come to its full growth, they
offer young Children to their Zeme:^, richly Cloth'd, having been fatten'd
fome
Weeks before : When they want Children they kill their Slaves, and in
default of them, they pacific them with Dogs.
The FtBims that go to be Sacrificed, they Worfhip with all Adoration,
Bowing and Congying before them.
Their Zeal in this their Idol-Worfliip may appear from a
obferv'd by them when they enter their Temple, vi^. they
Blood
out of their Tongues, Lips, Ears, Breaft, Knees, or Palm
Hands,which
they throw into the Air, fuppofing thereby to be pardonM
indulgent

flrange Cuftom,
either draw
of their
by their

In the City Zempoal, Corte^ found five Slaves, who being kept clofe
Prifon.
ers, weretobeSacrific'dthenextdayj but he releafing them , did upon the
importunate requeft of the Quines, or Priefts, and promifes of great
ranfoms,

and their telling of him that the Zemc^v!Ou\d fpoil all their Seed and
Plants
chat year, if they did not go on with theie Offerings, reftor'd the
Prifoners
again - who, though the enjoyments of all happineifcs in the other World
were
promis'd them by their Pnefl, and great alTurance given thereof j yet
they
were not forward, but returnM, unwilling to fuffer, though by fo gainful
a Sacrifice.
At the Zeme^ Feet hung abundance of Mens Bones bundled up together, and
under them were Written the Names of their Enemies , whofe FleOi had
been
cither Sacrificed or eaten.
Twelve Leagues beyond Zempoal, Cortc^hmh^ new City near the River
G/ifaha, and calL'd it Fera Cru:^, which Vic^o fdafques refented fo ill,
it being
done

S&'Ange SxaiBccs^

Strsuge Idol-Worfclp.

ZcK^paii a City.

'iimz worwlcrfiil IdoliJ

Chap. III. zA\ M E R I C J.

^one withouc his knowleclge,that he petition'd the Gt?imcil o^ Qiha to
give Scti
tence of Death againft the Founder : But whilll: Corte-;^ expected an
anfvver
from the EmbaiTadors (which were fent to the Spanijly Court to give
accounc
'of the necelTity of building a City there) he travelled eighty Leagues
WePccrly..
The Ze?npoale?ifers accompanied him in great Troops, hoping by that
means
to fhake off the yoke of the mighty King CMontci^ma, againfl whom they
were
then defign'd. Qorte:^ coming into the Territory of Smcuchimdar ^ Was in

the
Name of Monte:^uma, by one of his Princes, courteoufly entertaio'd in a
grcac
Village, fcituate on a fteep Mountain, without any Path or Way leading
to it^
but by tw^o hicrh Ladders. Slncuchmalar lies furrounded with Hills,
whole
tops feem to touch the Clouds. Coming down from the Village, they travell'd through a barren and cold Valley, where they fuffer'd fuch great
Incon^
veniences by want of Provifions and Water, and exceeding coldnefs of the
Weather, that many of them perifli'd. After that, they afcended a
plcafanc
Hill, on whofe fummit flood a Ghappel, with a handfom Steeple, and hedg
d
about with great heaps of Wood, brought thither by the Inhabitants for
the
ufe of their Sacrifices. At the foot of this Mountain was a fruitful
Valleywatcr'd by a pleafant River, on whofe Banks a certain Prince nam'd
Cacatami?zw^ had a Palace, built of Stone, and containing many Pvooms,and
convenient
Lodgings. Somewhat higher to the Land, appear'd more of the like Strudures, which were z\\ under Monte^^umas Jurifdidion ; but the
neighboring
Countrey TUxcalla , whofe Inhabitants were famous for their Valor, would
never receive any Laws from Monte;^uma.
Corte;^no fooner fet footing in this Countrey, but he was fet upon by a
thoii'
fand of the Inhabitants,who at the firft Aflaolt kill'd two of the
Spanijl? Horfe,
yet after this bold Charge, the Aflailants fled, and on the next day
delir'd
Peace; whereupon the Sp^m^r(i5 march'd quietly into the Countrey, when
a
confus'd Company ,or Forlorn=Hope, making a horrible Noife, fet upon
them^^
but after a flight Skirmifli, they fled t6 their Main Body, which
immediately
drawing up, being at leaft a hundred thoufand, hemm'd in the handful of
S^4
niards, and fo were ready to fwallow them, leaving them no Angle to
efcape ato
Thus invironed, they were aflailed on every fide, fighting till Sun-fet,
and
had undoubtedly been utterly deflroy'd, had not Corte:^ plyM his fix
Pieces of
Cannon, difcharging continually Volley after Volley upon them ; and
though
the Execution was very much, yet the Sound and report of their Ordinance
was more terrible to them that were out of the reach of the Bullet, and
made
more to the gaining fo great a Vi(aory, Eear conquering more than
Slaughter 5
fo that by the Evening, defpairing either of their Safety or better

Fortune, the
whole Army disbanding fled : But the purfuing Conquerors firing five
of
their Villages, remain d Maflers of the Field yet they, though thus
totally
routed, taking frefli Courage (a wonderful thing !) reinforcd them, and
fee
upon the Spd?zi/7p Camp, with no lefs than 150000 Fighting Men : Yet
not:
withftanding fo vaft an Army, CGyte:^fo well ordered his fmall parcel of
Men,
and fo valiantly led on upon all Advantages, that he in like m.anner
defeated
this, as they thought, Invincible Preparation. Thus flefhM with fo much
Blood
of the Natives , he raged every where, giving no Quarter where-ever he
went.
Mean while Quefitangd^ a neighboring Prince, having alfo raifed an Army
with which he defign'd, being aflifted by darknefs, craftily to fall
into the %^
msh Quarters by Nighty fubtilly diflembling , fenc Embaffadors the day
be*
' fore.

orur,Yih Exploitsi

Rcmaii-able Wai
iLixcalla.

84-

inwH;,!

^ M EV^I C J. ' CKap.

foie, with feveral PrefentS;, and Overtures of Peace, which indeed were
onely
Spies, to take notice where they might beft break in upon them 5 which
Corr;^rniftrufting, and foon being informed of the whole Defign, he cut
off the
Spies Hands, fo fending them back to Quefttangal with Defiance :
Hereupon the
Indians immediately fetting forward, took advantage of the enfuing

Night,
and with great fury fell upon the Spaniards, who preacquainted with the
Defign, were in fo good a pofture to receive them, that not able to endure
fuch
hot Service, they quickly retreated, and utterly gave over the
Enterprizc : But
Corte:^ as much encouraged by thefe Viftorics, purfu'd them, and the
fame
Night SrormM Tlaxcalla, a City containing above twenty thoufand Houfes,
which in few Hours he carried. This City was curiouOy built, of bak'd
Stones, and a place of great Trade infomuch that the Market-places
fwaxm'd
with Buyers and Sellers, bartering one with another all manner
ofProvifions, asFifli, Flefh, and Bread, alfo Plumes of Feathers, Pearls,
imbroyder'd
Tapeftry, Chalk, Stones, Timber, and Herbs.
Twenty days Corte:^ flaid here to rcfrefti his Army, and then march'd to
the
neighboring City Chiurutical^ with the Auxiliary Forces of the
Tlaxcallans, to
the number of above a hundred thoufand they told him, That the People
of
Chiurutical had barricado'd up their Streets, laid upon the tops of
their Houfes
great heaps of Scones, that their upper Rooms were cramm'd with Archers,
and all r'"! ags made ready both for Offence and Defence ; which
Advertifement
iie net much hearkned to,becaufehe was condu5ted into the City with all
their
Sta? e=Formalities of Singing and Tabering upon their Tamhoes ^^nd every
where
courteoufly entertam'd.
Mean while Uonte^^ma had raised a great Army, which were in their advance, not onely to the defence of his Border, but to furprize them them
while
they ftaid in that City, the Townfmen having invited him thither to
their refcue and his own defence, had not the Plot been accidentally difcover'd
by a
Chirutecan Woman, who giving advice to one of her Friends that followed
Cor^
te:^^ that he fhould immediately make his efcape, becaufe that all the
Strangers
would be deftroy'd within few Hours, who came and informed Com;<. thereof ; whereupon he defir'd all the Magiftrates of the City to come and
fpeaic
Strange Martwi Affairs, with him, who no fooner entred the Hall where he
was, but his Men by
Command immediately (hot them to death, which terrible Rumor fpreading,
and alarm'd with the report of the Executing Mufquets, the City was
fuddenly
in an Uproar, gathering thither Arm'd from all Places, and began a
fliarp

Conflia, which lafted ^ivt Hours ; but then wearied out, and defpairing
of
Succefs, loofing their Courage, they defir'd a Ceffation, and at laft
coacluded
Peace with the Spaniards.
This News of his difcover'd Intention, fo flartled Monte:^mna, that he
fuppos'd it better to defift, and procure the Favor of Corte:^ by Prefents
j wherefore he fcnt him 15000 Cotton Habits, trim'd up very richly, ten great
Char*
gers of Gold, and fome Veffels of Wine, defiring him for a while to
forbear
his Intentions of marching to Tenujlltan his Chief City, and that he
would in
the mean while treat with him for an Accommodation. But Corte^, though
he accepted of the Prefents, yet neverthelefs held his Refolution of
marching
on.
Eight Leagues [i-om Tcnufiitan hefaw the double-fpired Mountain
'Popoc^ffpcque, fo caird from the Smoke which continually afcends from its top 5
for
^opoca fignifies J Smoh^ and Tt'pcqne, A Motmtain, The Smoke rifes
upright^and
with

A Plot flrangely difcoTer'd. '

Now MtMueil

Wonderful fvlcuntajn Pfl-

Ghap. III.

A M E K I C A.

ii

with fo mucK ftrength, that by the greateft Wind it deviates not one ,ot
from
mounting upwards in a direft Line, to whofe forked Head n S^.m^rJ. lefolv-d to climb; but having got fcarce half way up, they were fore d
toreturn, the Alhes lying knee-deep ; yet at laft two more refolute conquer
d all
thofe Difficultips, and got to the top, where the mouth of the Cave, as
they
gueffed, meafur'd four Miles in Circumference : The fhaking of the Mountain, and roaring of the Flames, frequently burfting forth, fo much
terrified
them, that they ftaid not long there ; for, as we faid, the Ground not
onely
trembled under them, but the Fiery Gulphejefted great Stones, which
falling
down on all fides of the Mountain, rolled to the bottom ; and without
doubt
they had there periQi'd, had they not fpeedily run to a hollow
neighboring
Hill, from whence they came at length to the reft of their Company,
where
they were admir'd by the hidims for their undaunted Refolution, and
prelented with feveral rich Gifts. Thefe Mtans had a Tradition, That for wicked
Princes, and fuch as had not govern d the People well, this was the
To^kf ap-^
pointed for their Torments. j i
Cortex being got through the poor Territory of the Gmzazin^^rs, and
having
fuffer'd great Cold upon the Mountains, difcover'd Amaquamua, the chief
City
of the Province Chidco, feated in a great Lake, to which he row'd in a
kind of
Boats, by the Inhabitants call'd Acdcs. Pafling from thence, he was
courteouflyreceiv'd ir^I^ta^d.^a, another City, which boafts above eight
thoufand
Stone Buildings, befides admirable Palaces, with fpacious Rooms,
delighthil
Gardens, and Ponds full of Fini,and almoft covet'd with Fowl ; from
whence
a Wall or Cawfe^way of a great breadth, that crofs'd over both Land and
Water, led from IztamUf^ to r.nufttUn. This Cawfe-way hath many Bridges,
which are drawn up in time of War, under which the Water runs out of a
Salt Lake into a FreOi, that ebbs and flows, although lying between high
Mountains, and feventy Leagues from the Sea.
On both fides this Walt, being tea Leagues in length, appears three
great
\A Towns,

Refolution of two Sfttwards.

Strange Cities in Ameri~

ca.

'A very ftrangs Cawfway.

$6

A M E ^I C A Chap. Ill;
Towns, V/^. Mefiqunlifm^o, Cohaca?ia^ and yuichilahufco^ all Populous^
and vvelU
built.

How thty make Salt.

Qohacana is fupplied by the Salt Lake, to its no fmall benefit and

inriching;
for the Water being by Pipes conveyed into the City, in all the Places
and Ciflerns for its reception makes a Scuni;, which being coagulated by the
Sun, and
after boyl'd, becomes Salt;, with which they drive a great Trade j for
no Salt
being to be had in any place but here, all Foreign Merchants come
thither for
Supply.
Corte^ being in his March within a League and a half of Tenuftltan, Mo?
ite:^u^
ma, preceded with a thoufand of his Noblef^ , came to meet and falute
him
all of them rather like Pilgrims, bare*footed, and congying, kiffing
their richt

Hands, with which thty firft kifs'd the Ground : After thenl appear'd
Monte. :^uma himfelf, who put a Chain of Gold, imbofs'd with Pearls, about
Corte;^
his Neck, and immediately conduced him to the City, where having entred,
KiVr'^'^'' '^ ^"^ ^^^" ^o"^^ i^to ^^e ^^hce,Moftte:^u?na plac'd
Corte^ on a Golden Throne'
and furrendred up his Right to his Catholick Majcfly of ^puiftj in the
prefence
of all his Peers, to their no fmall amazement.
But whilft all things had a good face, and went on thus fairly beyond
their
expearations, Cor^e;^ was informed. That King Coako^oca had a Defign on
the
new City Vera Crux, and had treacheroufly murder'd two of the Garrifon
and wounded two more : Whereupon Corff;<^ having fuch fair beginnings,
who
had fwallowM already in his Hopes the whole Empire and Wealth belonging
to Monte:^umay laid hold of this Occafion, pretejidingTrcafon, and
breach of
Contra<ft; wherefore he put M'onte;^umaundci!: Cuftody, notwithftanding
he
had clear'd himfelf of the Confpiracy, by bringing Coakopoca, with his
Sons
and fifteen of his Peers, Prifoners to Temfiitan^ who by the command of
Corf^;^fufFer'd a lingering death, being all burnt with Green Wood. But in
vain
did Monte^ma think to reconcile himfelf with Corte;^, fince all he did
could
render no manner of fatisfadion j however he continued to oblige him by
freOi Favors, whofe Relation we will be more particular in, as meriting
the
fame.
Monte;^mas Grandees feem'd to be much difontented, becaufe he had without the leaft refiftance orconfideration fetlcd a handful of Strangers
to domineer over his whole Dominions, by which his weakncfs and
pufillanimity,he
was now a Prifoner, like a common Malefactor, who had formerly governed
fo mighty Territories. Amongfl feveral Princes which fecm'd thus to be
concerned, was Catu?}ia:^m Goyevaor: of the Province H?co/V4r^, who had
he
not been furpriz'd and attaqu'd the Night before by the information and
difcovery of Montezuma himfelf, he would have hazarded the ruine of all
Q>rte:^ his SucceflTes : But now Fortune ftill daily more fmil'd, giving
wonderful Advantages to the Spaniards j Silver and Gold continually flowing like Rivers from all Quarters , that their onely trouble and puzzle
was where and how to difpofe it : but yet for all this, they were not
free
from jealoufie, that Monte:^uma's Forces might fwallow theirs, though he
was fecur'd ; of which you may judge by the vallnefs of his Imperial
City

aiStJS:!?"/;''^''' ^'^^^ft'^tan, feated in the Province of Mexico, where

a Salt Lake mixes its Waters with a frefli River, both which in circumference contain, as we
faid, feventy Leagues, and diftant from the Main Land five or fix Miles - the
Water
about it continually cover'd with fmall Boats rowing up and down. It
hath
four Stone , befidcs Draw-Bridges in feveral Places, and flrengthned
with

:|

''I" /'

h. \ '

::*>A':, \.J!

B . lem^io Ja. Orare

% . Il^^iardino del S .
E . Cafi.de. Kfohxzi MS.
G . 21t juefbjiiuru ConJucone
Iac0f4a, iieUa. Ctta. ^^

Sy

'.uaos , what manner of

Stately Ttmpk.

Horrible Imagej.

Grandeur of the King;.

in tetiuflnati,^

Srranre Garcten-houres..

ip'
'ml

Cuaos , what manner of

Fruit.

Chap. III. . J M E'KI C J.

Gates no lefs artificial than coilly^which lead from the City to the
Main Land.
Tiie Frefli Water is conveyed through the Salt in a Wall'd Channel,, out
of
which none may take up Water, except they pay Excife to the Kings
Farmers.
This City boails above iixty thoufand Houfes, all divided into Iflands,
but
joyn'd with great Wooden Bridges : The Market-place furrounded with GaL
ierieSj drives a quick and conilant Trade, being always full of Buyers
and SeU
lers. In every Street they have a publick Inn, in each of which they
keep Ordinaries, wherein the Tables are ftor'd with well-drefs'd Flefli and
Fifli, not.

wantin<7 plenty of Wine. Their Trades are divided into feveral

Companies,
and they have their peculiar Places to dwell in. They deal very much in
(^acaos y a Fruit not unlike an Almond, which beaten to Powder, and
prepared
with feveral other Ingredients, gives name to that excellent Drink now
in ufe
with us, call'd Chocolate : They grow onely on moift and warm Grounds,
and
are us'd fo currently in Trade, that they go in ftead of Money. Amongft
many beautiful Edifices, their Guild is very magnificent, wherein twelve
Judges,
attended by a confiderable number of Officers and Servants, fit daily,
hearing
and determining all manner of Caufes. The next is their Chief Temple or
statdyT.mpi?.
Minfter, built quadrangular, all of Free-Stone, having four Portals,
opening
into the four principal Streets or Triumphs^ that end at the four Stone
Bridges.
On the Walls, being of an exceeding height, Hand feveral Turrets, fo
high^
that they feem to hide their Spires in the- Clouds j and have
Apartments,
wherein the Pricfts Diet, Lodge, and Study, which are afcended by Marble
Steps. Thefe Religious Perfons are generally of Noble Extra(5t, which at
fe- .
ven years old are carried thither, where leading a very llri6t Life,
they never
come forth to fee the World, till they enter the State of Matrimony, The
fa.^
mous ColojfuSj that flood over the ^wdian Haven, between whofe Legs all
Ships
did Sail, that came in or went out of the Harbor, cannot (land in
competition
with the ftupendious Idol Vmchilahuchichi, whofe Head touches the Arch'd
Cei=
ling of the high Temple. Near his (land feveral lefier Images, made of
Meal
and all forts of Herbs bak'd together, and kneaded with Mens Blood,
Along
the Walls are exceeding dark Vaults, in which the Priefts onely walk j
over
them are large Halls, full of Prefentations of their Gods, which ferve
for the
Burying=places of their Kings.
Whilft (jrte:^ and Monte^^ma were viewing the Temple, two Spaniards
rufli'd
fuddenly into one of the Cells, where they found abundance of Lamps and
rTorches burning, and the Walls bedaub'd two Inches thick with Humane
rore : Over=head hung vail numbers of their Sacrificing Knives ; and the

flench of the place was intollerable.

But Corte;^ goi'^g ^^'^t Monte:^mna and his Attendants refented it very
hainouf*
iy, that he puU'd down fome of their Idols, and durft prefume to look in
the
Kings Face j for thofe People bear fo great Reverence to their Kings,
that
none dares fo much as once look up in their prefence : His Council fland
barefooted, {looping with their Faces bow'd almoil to the Ground before
him :
Four times a day they change their Apparel j and a Suit which they have
once
worn, is put to no other ufe, but prefented to inch Soldiers as have
done fome
eminent Service. Whatever manner of Chargers, Diflies, Pots, Cups, and
other Velfcls the Emperor is ferv'd in at his Table, are every Meal
nev^r. The
King hath in Tenujlitan three great Structures, whofe Magnificence, for
Cofl and
rare Architedure, can hardly be parallell'd. The firft is the Refidence
for all
deform'd People : The fecond, an J'yiary for all manner of Birds and
Fowl,

Horribk Images.

Grandeur of the Kings

Snanjje Gartlen-houfes.

)ein?

\\'

S8

AMERICA.

Chap. III.

being a fpacious open place. Roof d with Nets, and furrounded with
Marbk.
Galleries. The third, being a Den for Wild Beafts, was divided into
feveral
Rooms, wherein were kept Lions, Tygers, Wolves, Foxes, and all manner of
Four-footed Animals.
But whilft Corte^ having ilaid waiting eight Months in T*enuftitan, ot
the
return of the MeiTengers fent to the Spanijh Court, received Tidings
,That "P^wi^hi!o2slarVaecy,hY order of FelafquesjWis come with eighteen Sail,
Mann'd with"
eight hundred Foot, and eighty Horfe, from (^uba, and now riding before
the
Mexican Coaft 5 from whence foon after he received unexpeiSted Command,
to
om prefently aboard unarmM, and refign up his Authority : But he in
ftead
of fubmiffion, compell'd NarVaecy in a fliort time to rclinquifli his
Title, and
own him for Superior. Mean while the Spaniards which remained
inpoflefli'
on of Tenuflitan^ ran the hazard of a general Maflacre 5 for the
Citizens much
ftomacking the Oppreffions of the Spa?iiards, who grew very infolent,
inflaving
their King, bringing their inveterate Enemies the Tlaxcallans and
Gua^^^mgans
into their City, exacting them to pay Tributes^ pulling down their Gods,
and
demoliiliing their ancient Idols, they brake out from all Parts in a
tumultuous
manner, ran to Arms, and belieg'd them Day and Night in their Fort, although Monte:^ma endeavored to perfwade the contrary. Corte;^ hearing of
it,

came to their relief with the New Forces Landed from Cuba j but he
fighting
his way ere he could get in, was fo roughly entertained by the Mexicans^
that
they kiird him forty Men, wounding as many more ; and notwithllanding
fifteen Field-pieces with continual Shot made foul Breaches, lelTening
the
number of the AiTailancs, yet they fuddenly fiU'd up their Vacancies
again
with frelli Men, which clambcr'd over the Heaps of thofe that lay {lain.
Three Days the Battel had continued very fierce, when Montc:^wu being
with
the Spaniards in the Caftle, went to a low Window, to fee if he could
command his Subjciflsto retreat ; but a continual Cry fo deafned their
Ears, and
Oiowres of Arrows and Stones fo took away tlieir fight, that he did
nothing:
Then

seawards b'.zten sfrefc;

Remarkable Exploits of

CHap. liL ' ^ <tl M E R I C A _ ^ So

Thca Monte :<^wh^ thinking to be more eafily either heard or fcen, went
to li
higher Window^ Vhere looking our, he was imfortunacely hit with a Stonej
of which he died three days after. Befides their Enen[^ies;, the
SppHanls [u^tv'd
extremely by Famine j and though they had beaten down a Tower., which
had done the Caftle great mifchief, and fpt five hundred Houfes on fire,
yet
they could difcern no likely iffuc thereof, but judgM it bed 'to make
their
efcape by Ni<7ht over the neareft Bridge : CVfe;^ therefore dividing his
gotten
TreafureS;, v^hich a^mounted to above feVen hundred thoufand Duckets,
amongfl: his Soldiers; carried Monte;^umas Son, and two Daughters,
Prifoners
with him, thou.c^h not without infinite danger and lofs y for the Ten

ujl it an s^SlCfaird him on both fides, and falling iri alfo lipon his Rear, fpar'd not
to kill
M6nte:^u?nas own Children., In thislaft Eight the Service was fo hotj
that Cor^
fe^ toft forty two Ho]:re3 a hundred and Rkj Spaniards, and twothouiand
Auxiliaries 5 and although gotten over the LakC;, they were ftill purfu'd by
the
Mexicans, who would then undoubtedly have made a general Slaughter, had
not Corte:^ amufed the Enemies, by leaying in the Night great Fires in
ieveral
Places, hi^: fuppos'd Gamps, whilft he filently ftole away : Yet
thtTeimftitans
wotild have purfu'd the S'j^^wiWvhad they not wanted Provifions : But
Cerfe^
fending his Treafure. before him,, through the Countrey Coba, to
KeYarux,
with a Convoy of five Horfe, and forty four Foot, were all cut off by
the CoU
Vaansy and feafted upon in a Thankfgiving Sacrifice. The fame misfortune
be*
fel twelve Spaniards in Tepeacu, which great City furrendred it felf up
to Corte:^^ beinff affifted by a mighty Army of Tlaxcallans and others. But
after all
thefe Lofifes, he took Guaccachiulla^ and I^^uca, both fortified with
ftrong Walls
and Gates ; in which laft he burnt above a hundred Temples, built for
Humane Sacrifices. All the Countrey through which he thus ranfack'd, he
call'd
Neiif'Spain. 'From the City Ta^^uco, which he had newly taken, intending
to
befiege Tenujlitan, he digg'd through the Lakes a broad Trench, of above
three
Leagues in lenath, to bring up thirteen new Ships to Tenujlitan - and
the
neighboring People envying, that that City fhould not be conquered, as
well
as theirs, rais'd an Army of above a hundred and fifty thoufand Men,
making
Cor^^;^ their General : Himfelf incamped on one corner of the City^
appointing the other two fides to be inveflcd by Gonfales Sandoyalo, and ^edro
jilvarado-^
buttheBefieg'd refolutely broke out, and made a fierce Sally with five
thoufand Boats, fetting upon the thirteen Ships but the great Guns made
fuch execution and havock amongft them, that they retreated with great damage.
Whoever were taken Prifoners in this Fight by the Spaniards, the
Tlaxcallans^
being Commi/fion'd by Corte;^, feafi;ed upon. On the feventh day the
City
was taken, but not without great Slaughter, and the new King imprifon'd.

After this mighty Conqueft, Corte^ refolv'd to difcover thofe

Territories
that lay Southward ; and whilft he was making all things ready for the
Voyage, he fent two Ships with an invaluable Treafure to Spain, who fearing
to be taken by the Frtnch Pyrats, ran in at Tercera, where a miferable
Accident ^ ^'^'"j!^^''^ occafl)-!
hapned to the Seamen of the biggft Ship, wherein were carried two
Tygers^
which though taken young, and bred up amongft men^ yet had not fo quite
forgotten their natural ferocity, but that one breaking loofe in the
Night;, tore
feven of them in pieces, hurting a far greater number, of which iome had
the
Brawnis of their Arms^, the Calve^s of their Legs, and fieOiy parts of
theix
Thighs bit out.
Several Places in Jtnerica breed Tygers, that far exceed Lyons in fierce

Tenuflltan 3 ck Me.^ko..
taken^

G,

M 3

fo

. m

90

' 4

1 1

A M E%^I C A. Chap. Ill;

 fo that wiierc any confiderable number of them frequents^ though the

Soil be
never io fruitful_, yet it is left deiolate and forfaken. But the
Baboons that
" Strange Battel with B^- ffcquent the Woods are more pleafant, and lefs
dangerous. Teter ^ria^ relates^
That his whole Army incountred with thcfe Beads, which climb'd from one
Tree to the other, fhrieking, and making very ftrange Gefticulations to
thofe
that were gone before, and gathering their Mouths and Hands full of
Stones,
w^hich they threw as exad and ilrongly as a Man. When one of thefe
Baboons^, fliot by a Mufquct, fell to the Ground, the reft gave fuch a
horrible
fliriekp that the Woods reiounding with the noife, ftrook a terror into
the Sj^a^
niardu Amongft feveral things that hapned in this Counter-fcuffie^ take
this
one : A Spajiiard taking aim with his Mufquet at an old Baboon^ which
fate
pearchM up in a Tree^ and being now jufl: ready to give Fire, the Baboon
Sol^
dier, at the very inftant, to break the Shot;, taking a Stone out of his
Mouth,
threw it exactly into the Mans Mouth, with fuch force as beat out fome
of his
Teeth; with which fudden blow furpris'd, he loft his Mark - and the
proud
Foe, (hewing figns of Triumph, went his way.
But whilft Corte^i ftaid in the Countrey of Tenujlitan (now call'd
JMexico)
Prancifcm Garajw fail'd out of the Haven o^ Jamaica ^ with eleven Ships,
to the
lUver 'P^??c*, there, according to the Command of the Emperor
C/^^r/ej, to
plant a Colony ; Whereupon he went afhore, oiftlering his Fleet to fail
along
in fight of Land : So wading through the River Montaltus, which glides
between high Mountains, he came to a MorafTy Ground;, in which he and they
ofren funk almoft up to the Middle, and loft his way in a Thicket of
young
Trees ; yet at laft being come to the River TanncuSj he found feveral
high
Great defiruaia: Walls, being the Ruines of Fortreffes, Temples, and
Towers, deftroy'd by
(jjrf^;^ J To that the City lay quite defolate. Twenty Leagues further;,
upon
the Banks of the fame River, Corte:^ha.6 in like manner fack'd and
deftroy'd
Ch'tglia^ a Town which before its burning reckoned above twenty thoufaml
Houfes, befides many fair Palaces^ Walls, Towers, and Temples : Which
Crmclties and Spoil had bred fo great an Odium in the Inhabitants againft
the 5^4w/-

The usfonunatc Expe- avds^ that thev immediately fent an Army againft
Garaius. who had only a few
half-ftarv'd Men with him j yet he receiv a the Enemy twice in his
Retreat
to the new Colony 5f. Steven, rais'd out of Chi^lias Ruines ; but
finding no
Provifions where=ever he came, he judg'd it fitteft to fend his Horfe
into the
Countrey to Forage 5 which Corte;^ meeting, took Prifoners, under
pretence
that Garajus came to take Po{reflion,where he had neither Authority nor
Right.
Cor^e;^alfo made himfelf Mafter of Garajus Ship and Fleet, commanding
him
withal to appear in Tenujiita?i , which not knowing how to avoid, he
obey'd :
His People mean time ranging up and down without a Head or Commander,
either died by Famine, or were murther'd and eaten by the Natives 5 for
at one
time the Americans made a general Feaft wath two hundred and fifty
rofted Spaniards : But their days of Triumph lafted not long j for Saiidoyalus,
one of Cor*
te:^his Prime Officers, fet with fo much fury upon thofe
Cawiibals^tliSit he kill'd
feveral thoufands of them, and burnt fixty Perfons of Prime Quality ,all
Commanders, in the fight of their Friends and Relations. But Garajus, whofe
Son
was married to Corte;^ his Daughter^ liv'd not long after the Wedding,
which
occafionM a murmur as if Corft'^ had poyfon'd him, to rid himfefFof a
Partner
in his Government ; for it had been generally obferv'd, that his
Ambition fuffer'd no Equal. The Americans fell all down before him j all were
Servants
alike : The Court which he kept fwarm'd with Attendance^ on which
heNJpent
vaft

Spaniards roflcd.

Cffyfe^his Ambition.'

nap. III. A M E%^I C A.

yaft Sums of Money j yet his Incomes were able to bear fuch exec/five
Dif*

buiTements. He kept in conflant Pay five thoufand Soldiers^ and ieveral

Ships
ready rigg'd and prepared on all occafions, to hold in awe the enOav'd
People,
or elfe for the Difcovery of New Countreys ; Yet after all thefe
extraordinaly Charges defrayed, to fliew his Wealth and Greatnefs^, he caus'd a
Piece of
Cannon to be cafl all of maflie Gold : for the Kings which formerly
acknowledged Mo7tte:^uma for their Sovereign, gave him a yearly Revenue, moil
of
which were valued to be worth twenty three Tun of Gold j for fo much the
King of Tefcufcus, a {lately City, paid, whofe Houfes Plaifter'd with
WhiteLirae, feem'd afar off to be rather a Chalky Hill or Mountain, covered
with
Snow : Full as much did the King pay which reigned in Otumha, notwithllanding he had received with his Chrijiiantty the Name of Ferdinand
(jyte:^-^ yet
others gave lefs : The King Guac'tnal^o, with his Mother, and fome
Slaves,
bringing Gold, came to prefent it to Corte;^-^ and entring the Palace,
through
a Guard of five hundred Horfe and four Hundred Foot, which were always
ready Arm'd for fear of Infurredions, he fell down proflrate on the
Ground.
Thus all things even out=went whatever he could defire, hope for, or
imagine:
And 'Jharedo, one of his Commanders, being Tent Eaflwardly, brought
great
Treafures back with him, which the conquer'd Kings were forc'd to raife.
But Fortune, who feldom continues her Favors long,at laft began to
frowuj
for Corte:^ having Tent an unvaluable Treafijrc of Gold and Pearls to
the Em*
peror Charles the Fifth, Floryn the French Pyrate met with and took it,
which
went fo much to his Heart , that for a confiderable time he fent no
Advice to
the Spanijh Court, which made them grow jealous of him, doubting that he
intended to make himfelf King over ]>(eli?-Spain j and this Sufpicion
was not a
little augmented by his Enemies.
In the Neck of thefe, followed another Misfortune 5 for Chrijlopher
OlituSy
fent out by Corte;^to difcover new Countreys, rebelling, took up Arms
againft
him, being then in the Haven Figuera^j five hundred Leagues beyond.
Not=.
withftandingthe5/?^i^r^^, although amongft a new-conquer'd People,
which
without doubt long'd for Revenge, were not to take notice of their
danger^
but to go on with undaunted Refolution ; whereupon Corte:^ drawing out a
ftrong Party, march'd a long and troublefom way to meet Olitus, making

great
Slaughters whereever he came. Francifco de la^ Cafas was commanded to
go
upon the fame Account by Sea, and arriving firfl, found him fetling his
new
Colony, which he nam'd Triumph de SanSia Crux ; and notwithllanding the
Water wjth a Northerly Wind was very rough and boyfterous in the Haven
Figueras (which the Spaniards call'd fo, becaufe they found Trees there,
which
growing at the Foot of the Mountains, bore a Fruit not unlike a Fig) yet
they
came to a prefent Engagement, wherein Cafas wording Olitus, having funk
one
of his Ships, flood out again to Sea - but furpriz'd by a violent Storm,
and
driven on the Shore, fell into OUtu^'s Hands,who had a little before
alfo taken
Egidius or Giles Gonfaks. Thefe two Prifoners confulted together how
they
might poyfon or murder Olitm, which fell out according to their defires,
becaufe the Servants of the Houfe where they lodg'd fided with them - fo
taking
hold of the firfl opportunity , as they were at Supper together, they
flabb'd
him with their Knives in feveral places 5 yet the Wounds were not fo
great or
mortal, but that he retained (Irength to efcape in the dark to a
neighboring
Hut ; but the AiTafTinates immediately fent out
Meficngers,publifhing,Thathe
who did notjknowincT where OlitMj was^immediately bring him to
them,fhould
receive

91

His Misfortune*.

A Plot of two Spati'Jh ,

Officsrs,

ii

a M EXI C J.

Chap. Ill

Mexicans Apparel,'

receive condign punifliment ; which terrifying Olitus^ he difcover'd

him/elf,
and was immediately beheaded.
During the time that the Spanijl? Officers had thefe Civil Broyls one
againft
another, LodoVick Tontus,z Man well experienc'd in the Law, came from
Spain
to America^ there in the Emperors Kame to fettle all things in good
order . having alfo particular Inftrudions, to fhew great kindnefs to Corte:^^ and
to make
him a Knight of the Order o^ St, James ^th2it by that means the Emperor
might
be the more eftecm'd for his Noble Subjea:s and Servants, amongfl: the
Mextcans, who are themfelves of a proud and ambitious fpirit, and chiefly
the No*
bility, which doth manifeftly appear by their Apparel;, more gorgeous
than
the meaner fort o^ Americans ; and though the Slaves go ftark naked
(having
onely a Cloth tied about their Privities ) and with a Bowe and Arrows
walk
before their Lords, yet the Better Sort go very coftly Habited j for
about
their Necks they wear Strings of Pearl j on their Heads, a Cap, from
whence
hang down two Scarfs, one longer than the other ; then a party-colour'd
Cotton Coat covers their whole Bodies to their Knees, under which they
wear
a Veil: girt about their Middle.
But at lafl, after all thefe Services^, Corte:?^ difagreeing with the
Vice=Roy
T>on Jntonio Mendo;?^a, being about that time fent over;, went malecontented
into Spam,

Sect. XL
Diego Gotticrez his Expcdiuon.

'A

l<{no \^A,o.GQtticre^ being chofen Governor of l^ew G/f/;j^c,weigh'd

Anchor
from Qadt:^^ and failing to Homhre de 'Dios^u^on his Landing rLiOi^d
with
S/"ir^ "'^''^' ^''^ ^^"Vnt/v Qontreras^ in whofe Place he was fent to
fucceed. Two Yea^s he fpent
without effcaing any thing j but at lail coming to Agreement with
Contrcras^
he took the Governorfliip upon him, having fiifc forewarned him not to
de'
pend

Qo>ii/er/i(,

fl

Chap. HI. AMERICA. 93

pend too much upon his Authority- for the Conntrey being full of Woods
and Mountains, might hide many of his Enemies : But he not regarding the
Advice, went a Journey from ^{eTb Granada, and having march'd fifty
Leagues
Eafterly, he crofs'd into the River Suere^ with fixty Spaniards^ and was
prefented by the Princes of the Countrey with as much Gold as amounted to feven
thoufand Duckets. Here he fpent forae Weeks, effecting little ; but now
all
things growing fcarce, though he was very earned with the Natives for
Provilions, yet he could gee little 5 which kind of Life the Soldiers
difliking, and
growincr weary of, went away in the Night to l^icaragua. Gottie re :^
thus left isforfakenofaU:
alone, got into a Boat, with intent to follow them j and being jufl: put
off
from the Shore, was met by Captain (Barjanto, who brought new Forces and
frefli Provilions with him : This wrought upon him to flay there. Not

loiig
s,kct Jl^ho}ifo de Ttfa went with twenty feven Men from IS^pmhre de
T>ios to the
fame River Sucre but it being then very rough at the Entrance, he was
necefiitated to pafs on to a fmall uninhabited Ifle, where whilft he lay at
an Anchor,
the Weather began to grow worfe and worfe ^ the Gufts of Wind,mix'd with
Great Teapcft,:
Showfes of Rain, Thunder, and Lightning, feem'd to threaten a general
Deftrudion . for in the Ship tvjo Spaniards and one Moor were kill'd by
the
Lightning : In feventy two Days, the Sun did not fliine four Hours : At
lall
weighing Anchor, he fail'd over to the Main Land, where he faw nothing
but
vaft Mountains and WilderneiTes. Here for a time they liv'd upon Cockles
found on the Shore, and wild Fruits in the Woods : At length coming to
Gof
tiere:^, he fent him with his People in five Boats to fetch new Forces
from Nornhre de Dios. In his way thither he faw a Houfe built of Canes, covered
with
Palm-leaves, forty five Paces long, and built after an Oval fafliion :
Round
about it flood feveral lefler Hovels, all which making up a Village, the
Spaniards nam'd Francifco, becaufe they came thither on St. Francis Day.
About half village fri/jf#.
way they met with the Lords of Sucre and Chiupimy going to attend
Gottiere;^ ,
to whom being admitted, and fitting with him at Table, he gave them, as
a
Dainty, roiled Chickens and frefh Pork j but they gave it to their
Servants,not stran-e manner of eatbg
delighting in the tafte of fuch Victuals. Gottiere-^, by means of an
Interpreter, told them concerning the Qhrifiian ^U^ion, at which they bow'd
their
Heads, without making any Anfwer : But how little mind they had to embrace it, quickly appekr'd j for not long after, they fet their Villages
on fire,
and all the Provifions which they could not carry with them,they
fpoird,and
fo retiring, hid themfelves upon inacceiTible Mountains. Another
Incentive
leading them to this Fight, was, becaufe the Governor Qamachireny and
his Deputy (notwithflanding he had given Gottierc:<^ as much Gold, when he
came
firll into the Countrey, as amounted to feven thoufand Duckets, as we
mentis
on'd before) yet was put in Priion by his Order, contrary to all
Promifes :
Nay, Gottierc:^ threatned to burn him (not regarding, that he had
befides re

ceiv'd of him feveral Pieces of Gold, refemblmg all manner of Beafls, as

Ty
gers, and others and alfo Fiflies and Fowls curioufly wrought, which
were
valu'd at two Tun of Gold j yet this Prefent fircmed too little for him,
whereupon bringing the Prifoner to a Chefl, he fwore that he would rod
him unfamfied eovetouftefs
by degrees, if in four days time he did not furnifli him with four times
as
much more Gold as that Chefl: would hold : Whereupon Chamachirens
Servants
went away to get the requir'd Gold ^ but he,through carelefnefs of the
Watch,
made his efcape in the Night, fo that Gottierc:::;^ loft his Booty. But
the other
Prifoners, though threatned to be torn afunder with Dogs, remained firm,
difownins

fil

94

Dangerous Mountains,

Strange Huts.

Valiant figbt.

^ M E^l C A, Chap.
difowning that they had any Gold ^ and among the red, one fpeakincr
boldly
to the S^am\l-> Officer faid , Ihat he flood ama:^d at his trcachemis dc
aimers. H^hydtd he
keejjhim Charnd a^ainfl Law and fromtfe, and often threaten' d him ivith
death, hut yet
Ti^ould not kill him , foy he , /aid he , had rather choofe to die^ than
I'm fo mifernbk
a life.
Gottiere:^s Confcience troubling him , he would willingly have released
the
Indian, and the rather, becaufe he promised to procure a great ranfome

of
Gold J. but the inferior Commanders would not confent to it. After this
they
march'd fix days through great Wildernefles, and over high Mountains,
finding no Footfteps of any People. Laftly, They came down a very dangerous
and deep Mountain, where had not the Shrubs and jutting Stones ferv'd
them
to hold by, they had all broken their Necks.
Fifteen Leagues, the hanging of this Mountain fpread it felf along a
fweec
River, on whofe oppofite Shore ftood ftrange Huts full of dead Tygers,
Deers
Heads, and Legs 5 here they ftaid two days to reft themfelves, where the
Trees
Mamei and the Ca^^^hi Plants yielded them good Food.
Travelling forward, Gottiere;^ ask'd an Lidtan which was the neareft way
to a
Village, but he pretending not to know any near hand , had his Head
immediately cut off. In like manner, and for the fame reafon the Indian
Prince
iliould alfo have been Executed, had not Gottiere:^ given order to the
contraryfeeing his refolution , that with no lefs Patience than undaunted
Courage,
ftretch'd forth his Neck to the Executioners. Mean w^hile, their
Provifions decreafing, they fuifer'd extreme hunger ; infomuch, that fome fainted
quite
away. The Souldiers alfo rebelling againft Gottierc^ for Food, he
commanded
them to kill theif Dogs, and ftamp the Barks of Trees ; two days they
travelled much difcontented in this manner , and at laft came to the
entrance of
a Wood, where they efpy'd an Mian ftanding behind a Tree, which on a
fudden ran away with incredible fwiftnefs : early the next morning , above
four
thoufand Indians came Marching againft the faint Spaniards^ making a
terrible
noife with Horns and Drums , they were all except their Princes Painted
black
and red 5 fome wore Plumes of Feathers on their Heads, and Collars of
the
fame about their Necks the fight began very fiercely , by cafting
abundance
of Stones, and fhooting of Arrows, wherein, though Gottiere^ was at
firft
Wounded, yet after half an hour the Aflailants fled, but recruited witK
frefii
Forces renew'd the fight, breaking into their Ranks, and making fo ^reat
flaughter amongft them w^ith Woodden Swords, and Palm-Tree Clubs,
knocking down, and dealing fuch deadly Wounds, that of the Spaniards,

three
onely efcap'd , faving themfelves by flight , who two hours after , much
amaz'd and terrify 'd, came to their referve, confifting onely of twenty
four
Men , which Jlphonfo de %t^a Commanded 5 the infulting Enemy at their
Heels, waving over their Heads the Swoids, Shields, and Crofs^Bows
which they had gotten from the flain Spaniards ; and fome withal cryincr
in the
Spanifl? Tongue, Come Chriftians, come^and take Gold, But de ^ifa, for
all their pride,
fet them going with fome Volleys of Shot j after this , efcaping
innumerable
other dangers, he came to ]>{omhre de Dios, without having effeded anv
thin^ of
Note.

ttmam

Chap. Ill;

A M E%J. C A.

S E C T. X I.
Th Expeditions of Peter Alvarado, Francifco and Gonzalvo Pizarro
and Diego de Almagro.
TN the City o( Manama j in ]>lcM> Spain, liv'd three eminent Spaniards
^caWd Fran- Fhc.rro\ ana Aimagro'^
*- cifco Ti:?iarro, T>iegode Almagro, znd Ferditia?id de Luque.a^VxkRy
which joynt- ''""^''^ -e^^poi-sly defign'd to difcover farther Southerly along the rich Gold and Pearl
Coafl
and infped the Southern Ocean. De Luque was to look to home-affairs j
and
Tizarro fee Sail firft with a Ship Man'd with one hundred and fourteen
Men

which Almagro followed with feventy more , yet both were valiantly
repulsed
by the ^eruVians j but although they returned the firft time with bad
fuccefs
yec they undertook their bufinefs once more , but with no better fortune
whereupon difcouraged, the undertaking feem'd to be totally laid afide,
and
the ^wm'crfw Vice- Roy, P^ter Je (?{jw forbad any to attempt a farther
Difcover>"
concerning ^eru.
The former difficulties with this Edid eafily wrought upon Ti^^arro's
men,
all but twelve, to leave him^, for the reft went over with the Ship
fitted out by
^ios with fuccors to the Ifland Gallo , where Ti:^arro rcfided, having
alfo fail'd
in his fecond Expedition. But although he had made two bad Voyages, yet
having an inclination to a third attempt, he went to Spain, defiring of
the Emperor to be Governor of feru , which he had difcover'd j for befides his
Plea '
of Merits he had taken polTeffion of the Country twice by Landing there,
in- |
tended for the ufe of his Imperial Majefty J one of his Sea=men to that
purpofe
flourifliing his two-handed Sword over his Head , the gliftering of
which
Sword fo frighted the Natives, that none of them durft come near him.
His requeft being confulted upon, was at laft granted, the Government of
!P^rw being conferred upon him; but ^/;?M^ro took it very ill, that '?
i;^4rro went
to the Emperor on fuch a defign for himfelf; yet by the mediation of his
Friends the difference was reconciled , then fi:^'trro fetting Sail with
one hun^
dred and fifty Foot befides Horfe, and Landing at the Ifland Tuna^ at
firft was i'/^me's fight on ?-,
courteoufly entertain'd ; bur the Spaniards by extravagant hunting and
fearch^
ing every where their Houfes for Gold, and committing feveral other
outrages^
incenfing, changed the humor of the Inhabitants fo much , that they fell
upon
them. In ftead of Enfigns, Standards, and Warlike Trophies, they ufed
long
Canes, at the end whereof were ty'd the Bones of their antient Hero's,
honored
by them after their death : But thefe Reliques fav'd not the Indians
from
flaughter, fo well as the coverts of a neighboring Wood.

From this lile, lying three degrees Southward of the ^^.j-awot'^i^/,

^i:^arro pa.Cfed over to the Main Continent , where they were all in a great
confufion^ upon
the report of" the Spaniards cruelties committed in Tuna ; yet all the
prepara- Comestos^emj
tions of the Imiians to withftand, ftop'd not Tt:^arro from his intended
courfe
for firft, having the iuccefs to mafter Tanipe:^, thence he made
nothincr to march
his Forces over the Kiver: Amhato , there burning a Temple Dedicated to
the
Sun. The Tortico ftood towards the Eaft, the rifing of their God, before
which i'^r*i4 Tempfe,
hung a Curtain of their fine Cotton Scurf, within ftood the
prefentations of
two Golden Rims, fliaded with Black, and as many Drap-ons, before which
' '
the Fire never. went ouCj continually fupply'd with Offerings of burnc
Inceofe^

on

mi^m

Jlvar ado's Exploits

I. I

AMERICA. Ghap. IIL

on the Pillars hung feveral Men flead^ their FleiL kept firm, and free
from all
Putrifaiftion , with the infufion of a (harp Juyce.
Here yflma^ro coming to Ti:^arrG with frcih Forces, they made no little
penetration into Teru^ fatisfying every where their thirll of Gold, and
(laughtering
the ToothlefsTo?/2^?^a, a people who having, offended their King^ had by
his
order the upper Teeth of the whole Nation beaten out.
Teter Jlvarado informed concerning the Riches o^ Tern , and well knowing
how to inlinuate with the Emperor in his fawning Letters, at laR: by his

Friends fo prevail'd, that he alfo got leave to go thither j in

purfuance of
which, J?ino 1534. he Wcigh'd Anchor with fevcn Ships from Gmtlmala , a
City built by him between two Mountains. But Landing at Puerto Vie^o , and
Marching Eailerly over Snowy Mountains , he Vv^as met by AlmagrOj
between
whom a bloody incounter was like to have happen'd , but after fome time,
a
Treaty being fet a Foot, they came to a Compofition on thefe Articles :
That
Jlyarado upon the receipt of a hundred thouiand Duckets, fliould leave
his
Men with /^W^ro, and depart from 'P^rw j with which fum, being
inrich'd;,
he foon after fitted out fourteen Sail-to difcover new Countreys to the
Weft j
but being bufie in his preparations , was fent for to Mexico by Don
Antonio Men^
<io;^4 the Vice-Roy , to undertake a Voyage with him to the
newdifcover'd
Countr^y of 5/7'o//^, abounding in Gold and Saffron, according to the
report
of four Dominican Monks j and having already raised ieven hundred Men,
news
came to Mexico ^ that ^eter Zunica had received an overthrow by the
Indians ofSa^
lifco -^ to whofe ailiftance Aharado March'd with all fpeed, and found
the Indians incamp'd on a high Mountain , fortifi'd with conjoyn'd Trees, and
great
Stones ty'd together with Rufhes , behind which they were fecure from
Shot.
The Spaniards climbing up the Mountain, approach'd their Works, when on
a
fudden the Defendants giving a great Shout ^ cut the Cords which held
their
ivicie Stratagem of Fortification topethcr , whereupon the Stones and
Trees tumbled down with
the Pt */: j.>;.r D ' i
fuch force, that they kill'd both Men and Horfe, few efcaping alive : In
this
wickanefsofaWomaii: con^'iCt Ahavado himfelf was loft. His Wife 'Beatrix
Cuo'va made a ftately Funeral for her Husband, and caus'd her Houfe to be Painted black, refufing
either
to Eat or Drink for a fet time, yet notwithftanding,. all her pretence
of forrow, file fo minded her bufinefs , that fhe took the Government of
Guatimala
into her own hands j but her Dominion lafted not long, for on the
eighteenth
o[ Scpemherj Anno \^ 4^1. happen'd a hideous Tempeft of Wind and Rain,
mixt
with continual Lightning, and horrible claps of Thunder, and what was

G<rM/- dcfacy'j by more terrible, was anfwer'd with roars and horrid
bellowin^s from the caaflood. ' n 1 1 1
verns of the Mountain, at whofe foot G^tri?;w/^ ftood. About midnight
the
Mountain was delivered, whofe Birth was the irruption of an Inundating
Ri^i
ver, a precipitate torrent tumbling down full of Rocks and Stones ,
which
carry'd all before it, fo that in few minutes Guatimala was utterly
fwept away,
not the leaft mark remaining, nor any left alive except ^h'ii;Wo's
Baftard
Daughter by an Indian j and in the adjacent Fields, fome few, and they
maim'd,
with broken Arms or Legs after this utter deftru6tion, they re-built
another
Guatimala^ three Leagues more Eafterly. But though Aharado was loft in
this
Enterprizc, yec the Voyage to Siholla was not laid afide, for Francifco
Vclafcjucs
March'd thither with eight hundred Men , of which moft were Horfe, but
found nought elfe but Snowy Mountains and barren Plains , infomuch, that
l;iis Men and Elorfes were ftarv'd for want oFProvilion wherefore he
return'd
without lucccls to Mexico, havincr onclv bLU'ii: Ionic Vili."?;^es, and
had feveral

Velafqites Journey.

Rencounters with the Natives.

But

Ul

-Cliap. Ill

AMERICA,

97

But AttahaUha 2ifmimFiincc , informed ot^ Ti^arro and Jhnjgro's coming,

commanded them both to depart out of his Kingdom ; but they not
regarding
it march'd diredly to Caxamalc a, where Jttahaltha kept his Court, who
again
fent other Mcflengers to them with command to leave his Dominions.
fi:^drro
made anfwer, that he could not obey any Commands but thofe of his Mailer
the Emperor, who had ordered him to fpeak with the King himfelf at his
own
Palace, A r I' ' c
^ff^^^//^^ hearing that 'Pi;<4rro.refolv*d to come forward, lent hmi a
pair oi
Painted Shooes and Armlets, that he might put them on when he appeared
before his Throne : Captain Ferdinand Sotto march'd before with twenty
Horfcpafimg clofe on the Flank oUttahaBas hxmy ' The Indians amaz'd at the
prauncincr of their Horfes, retreated into their Fortifications, but were for
their
cowardize immediately flain by the King's Order.
Sotto fent a Meilage to Jttahaltha, That the Spaniards defir'd peaceably
to Treat
with him, to which he received anfwer, That no Peace could be made,
unlefs
they reftorM the Gold and Silver to the Owners , which they had
Plunder'd
from them, and forfook his Territories ; which fo doing, they fliould
have
Audience the next day: Hereupon the B'i(ho^ Fmcent de ftlla Ftridt vvzs
con^
duded into the Royal Palace, in the City o^ C^xamak a, and brought
before ^^
tahaliha, who came thither in great State , with a Guard of twenty five
thoufand Men ; he was carry'd on the Shoulders of his prime Nobles in a
Sedan,
about which hung Garlands of Gold, and divers colour^ Feathers ; himfelf
was cloth'd in a white loofe Veil, Without Sleeves his Temples were
bound
with a red Ribbon , with a long TafTel on his left Cheek on his Forehead
ftuck three curious Feathers 5 before him March'd three hundred of his
Life=
Guard, all in one Livery , who cleared the way through which the King
was
to pafs. The before-mention'd Bifhop carry'd in one Hand a Crofs, in the
other a Book, difcourfing with the King to this effect That God is the
Trinity,

Adam the firft SMan Chnft ^orn of a Virgin , dyd on the Crofs the
Pope God's
ftce^Gerent, li;ho according to the fotver he had from Beayen, had given
Peru to the Ein:>
peror Charles, ^ alfo all other Qountreys in America ; and if he Jhuld
pro^^eohftinate,
and reftfl, he mufl expeSi nothing lefs than utter mine. Jttahaltha
reply'd, Tu.t heferVd
Pachamaca, being the Creator of all things ^^ and next to him the Sun
and Moon \ Bow
glorious do they appear (faid he) in comparifon of a Crucifid God ! To
make feace and
Jlliance with mighty Princes, was the true Foundation of iVife
Government : ^ut the Pope
mufi needs befenfelefs, devofd of all reafon, and withal highly mpM, to
g;m aivay Uat
Tipos none of his own, viz. other mens IQngdoms, in ti^hich he ne^ver
had the leaf: orfmalleft
concern. Moreover, he would not defert that (Religion ^hich he and his
Jnceftors had
maintain dfo many Ages, and the rather, hecaufe there are no apparent or
Jufficient Teflimony of the truth of Chriftiamtj. The latter claufe was thus anfwer'd,
faying.
This <Bookj I<^ng, -chichi hold in my hand , proves and declares all
that you ^ue/lion,
Attahaliha looking upon it, turn'd it over Leaf by Leaf, then look'd
more intentively upon the Print, which done he clapM it to either Ear, and at
lail as
altogether unfatisfi'd, in difdainful manner threw it away.
But Tt:^arro gaining time while the King and Bifhop thus difcours'd, had
drawn his Men in Battel-Array , his fixty Horfe he divided into three
Wings,
Commanded by his three Brothers, Ferdinand, John, and Gon^alvo
(Pi:^arro, left
the Captains Sotto and ^aValca^ir in an Ambufcade ; ^eter de Canada
march'd m
the Van, and he himfelf in the main Body, leaving Sotto in the Rear,
So foon as the Bifhop could acc^uaint them m what fcornful manner Atca^
"M " ballba

\l

JttaUIi'd'i meffagf d
Plzarro.

His difccurfe with>a Spa'

n'jh Biftiop^and his apparel,^

,Z ''"' '"" '- ^'''''"' ^^^ '''f""'" ^'^ Hly Book, The WordofGod, upon
the sround both Ar
ni.es were Engaged, whilft their Trumpets founded, their Drums beat
their
Canons roar d, the Horles neigh'd, and the Dogs bark'd, they made a
Vpeedy
march up agamft the Walls oiTaxamalca, wh.ch dreadful mixture of
terrible
noifes ftruck luch a Pannick fear into the hearts of the Ind.ans. that
they all prelently broke in their flight crowding one another to death at the Gates
of the
. City, wh.ch being too narrow to receive them, they themfelves made
breaches
in their own Walls to enter ; which opportunity the S^miards no ways
negleft.
ed but entering with them , ftot and kill'd all they could reach their
Do^s
alfo having no little Ihare in the flaughter , whole companies ohnd,ans
were
trode under the Horfes feet , yet near Attabatiha, Chair was the
greateft refift.
ance for no fooner fell one of the Bearers, but immediately another
fupply'd
the place ; fo that the King was furrounded with heaps of his own flain
Siib.
,eas. towhomK^.^<,himfeIfCharg'dupfoclofe, that haying feiz'd him by
h.s long Hair, he puli'd him out of his Throne, and having gotten him
under
^-,*.,atop,ifr. ftim, lecurd immediately in Fetters ; whereupon all
his Life-Guard forfoofc
him and fled : But the lofs of the Battel, which was AttabaUhas utter
ruine '
was laid upon <^unm,.m, a Captain appointed to lie in Ambufli, fo to
fall in
the Rear of the Spaniards with five thoufand men, but was fo far from
performing his Orders that terrifi'd at the uncouth noife of the Guns, and
the
reft, that he fled one hundred and fifty Leagues Southerly, before he
ftopt, or
SS"!"-"- f"^ ever look d behind him in fo long a flight. Mean while,
AtubaUbl ^om.
^ poiinded with r.^^rro for his Ranfom , V,^. to pay him as much Gold as
thac
i Hall in his Court ( where they made the Agreement} could hold to the
top .

they firft meafur'd the heighth , then the length , which was found to
be Mt^
four Foot and the breadth nine : In purfuance of this compofition, Gold
was
brought th.ther from all places , according to MUbaBn's order ; yet he
could
not raife fo much as would perform his bargain, which made the Spaniards
to
grumble : But AttaiMa def.ring fome longer time to perform it, telling
fi.

Burns his Brother Gtntf-,

fr alive.

Chap. III. AMERICA. ' 99

;^arro^ that mod of the Gold was brought on Slaves Shoulders , a long
and
troubleioine way, of two hundred Leagues long, from the City CufcOy and
if
this would not fatisfie, Ti^^ano might fend fome of his own people
thither, to
inform him, that he need not fear the leaft danger, as long as he was
Priibner
with his Wife and Children. , - , .
The two Captains, SottOy 2nd ^eter deliBaro being fent away to that
purpofe,'
met after fome days Journey with one of^ttabaliha's Leaders, who was
bringing the King's Brother Cuafcar with a Party, Prifoner to Gx^md/c^.
Guafcar had now a fair opportunity to crave afliftance of the
Spaniards , tel*
ling them, that he and^^f^^^/j^^ were the Sons of Gwrfjw^cdV^, fo that
the Kingdom was to be divided betwixt both. But Attahaliha had by force made
himfelf
Mafterofall, whereas he being the youngeft, ought to be fatisfi'd with,
that
fhare which Guafcar ^ being the eldeft, would affign him^ for the right
of Inheritance belonged juftly= to him, and yet he was carryM away bound to
flaughter : But if '?/;^^rro would dojuftice in delivering him out of his
Brothers
Bloody Hands, he would raife him thrice as much Gold 2is Attahaliha had
pro

niis'd : To which purpofe he delirMSorto and^^ro to put off their

Journey to
Cufco ; which they not daring to do, went on their way, and Guafcar
defcend*
ing the Valley Sucfuhuanay was burnt alive by Jttahaliha's Soldiers.
Mean w^hile, Almagro c^vao, with frefli Forces to Taxamalcaj which
occafion^d
no fmall trouble in Tl^arro, who was onely thirfty after Gold : On the
other
fide, Ahnagro as greedy, grew jealous that Ti^arro lliould keep the
promised
Hall full of Gold for himlelf, and he fhould have no fhare, becaufe
Attahaliha
was his Prifoner therefore he earneftly defir'd that Attahaliha might
privately
be made av/ay, and that the Booty might be divided to one as well as the
other.
'Pi;<rfrro to prevent all inconveniencies that might happen from his
diflenting, gave in the prefence of the King to every private Soldier a
thoufand
Duckets in Gold , and fix thoufand five hundred twenty five Silver
Crowns
the inferior Officers received four and thirty thoufand Crowns, and the
others
fixty thou fan d\j the fifth part 6f the Booty he referv'd for the
Emperdr :> And
notwithftanding Attahaliha performed his promife in filling the Hall
full of
Gold, yet he had the fentence of Death pronounc'd againfl him j neither
would his cxcufe of Innocency ferve, or his Requefts to be fent to
Spain^ there
to clear himfelf before the Emperor but fighing, and lamenting his
misfortunes, was ty'd to a Poll:, and Strangled in the prefence oi^izarro. For
whole ^^'^'^ firangied.
Death, though a Heathen.^ Divine Vengeance purfifd thefe cruel and
unjuft Arbitrators that thus made their Will a Law, none of them dying a natural
'Death.
Moreover it was obferv'd , that a few days before this Execution a
blazing
Star appeared, which ^fr^/'^Ba feeing, prefagingfadly of himfelf faid.
That a
great Trince would die in a fl)ort time ; but 'Ti:^arro's chief
pretences for the Kings
juft fuffering was, that he had cruelly murder'd his Brother Guafcar :
Btic this
was a meet blind, for that that incensM them againft Jttahaliha, was,
that he
knowing where the unvaluable treafure lay, which Guafcar had buryM,
would
not difcover it to them.

Attahaliha, before his death, defir'd that he might be buryM in the

Territory
Quito, by his Father GuaynacaVa , whom the ^eruVtans^ot his great
Juftice and
Prudence in Government, believed that he would arife, and fettle the
World fo
troubled and full of diforder in peace and quiet^ : The Corps was
accordingly
N 2 carry'd

\w

An incredible fum ot Morey given to the Soldier I. ^

Cba'Cc i

TTT

ICO

\l

lakcn.

Dog.

va

J M E T^I C A
canya thither in great State after their manner, attended by his

Brother,
XA/hom Illefc^ (^minagui which ran from Jttabaliha in the Battel, where
he lay
in ambudi when he might have done them good fervice ; in the way to his
entertainment, received with all (Lews of forrow but when they were
feafted
to excefs, buryM in fleep and Wine, he Maffacred and flea'd Illcjca^ the
Kings
Brother 'alive, and made a Taber of his Skin. Whilft Attahalihas Funeral
P..n. puts ^.i...k was thus bloodily folemniz'd , his General Qui^qur^
raised a great Army,
"''" which TtKftrro encountring after a valiant refiftance , totally
routed; then
Andtakc/.. marching vidorioufly to Cu/co, he faw great Fires in the
City, and the Citizens
fighting with the Spaniards, fent before ; but the Horfe breakmg in upon
them, moil of them fled the next morning to the Mountains : Thus the %mw/became Mafters of the City, where they inflided the moft cruel
tortures
on all Sexes, by that means to force them to difcover, if they knew of
any hidden Treafures, being not fatisfiM with what they found there, although
they
unv.iuabi. T.c.r.es had gotten a greater Treafure in Cu/co than that
that they had extorted from
JttabaUha before : Nay, they gave thofe that were murtherM for Food to
their
Dogs : Among the reft,Dii^f ^ Sala^ar having a very fierce Dog callM
^e:^eml,
had^lfo an old Indian Woman his Prifoner, to whom he gave a Letter to
deli*
ver to the General 'Pi^^rro ; the Woman had not gone many Paces before
flie
was fet upon by ^e:^ernl, whom Sala^ar let ioofe, that he might delight
himfelf
in feeing the Dog tear the poor old Woman ; but (lie obferving him come
runing at her with fo great fiercenefs, fell down upon her Knees,and
holding forth
Remarkable paffage of a the Lcttcr, cry^d, Good Mj Lovd, good My Lovd
Dog , 1 mufi carry this Letter to Gene^- r.?/Pizarro, whereupon the furious Curr having more compaffion than
the
Spaniard, ftood ftill a little , and at lafl lifted up his Leg in a
fcornful manner,
Urin d upon her, and rcturnM fatisfi'd ; at which fportive behavior of
the Cur
^nd the Chrone, Sak:^ar laughing, was fo well pleased, that he gave the
Woman
^/..,.'s unhappy jouv. Aftei Cufco had been fufficiently Plundered,
^iKcirro made Ahnagro Governor
thereof with the Territories belonging to it, and built near the River

Lima a
Town,' which they callM Us %eyes. Mean while, Ahnagro received Letters
PatentVrom the Emperor , in which he was nominated Uarpml of fm^ en*
couragM by that honor , he took a great defign in hand , for the
feruyians had
reported, that the Golden Chili lay to the South ; and Ahnagro being
encouragM,
and alMed by ?t;Karro, March'd inqueft thereof with two Troops of Horfe,
and
five hundred Foot : But mean while there happened fo great Rains , and
fuch
foul Weather , that the Ways were almoft unpafTable , fo that the
Expedition
grew very troubleiomc ; yet however he went on, in which hard March he
loft
both Horfe and Men.
Whilft Ahnagro was upon this undertaking, Francifco <?i^nrro receiv d
Letters
Patent from the Emperor, in which he was IntitulM Duke of fern , but
with a
Sdyo for the honor before given to Jhnagro yet thefe balanc'd honors
bred
great diffention between the Duke and Marflial , which Mango Inga
another
of Attahahbas Brothers obferving , laid hold of the opportunity , and
fetting
Ma.,oi.,auk.scufii. upon the Spanifl? Garrifon in Cufco, took the City.
Whereupon fi^arro immediately fent his Horfe thither, under the Command oUl^honfo Aharado, and
Gomes de Todo^^a , againft whom the Indians fought very valiantly,
infomuch,
that the Battel was a long time doubtful ; yet at laft the Spaniards got
a bloody
Viaory and regained Cufco - hither after iome time, Ahnagro returning
with ill
fuccefs, 'having effeded nothing, was kept out by Ferdinand fi^arro,
under pre^ . tcnce

ncy
King's Town.

..nap. Hi* A M E %^l C A. . i^i

tencc that lie cduld not open the Gate without Order trom his Brother
the Contea between itmn^
Duke. Jlmagro much offended thereat , yet faying little , was Co
privately lee ^ "
into the City, that he furpriz'd the Governor FenUiia?id ^i^arro, and
his Brother
Gonfahoy with ^Iphonfo Jlvarado Prifoners, fwearing that he would not
reft before he had rooted all the ft^arros out oi^eru. But whilft he was
palTing the
intended Sentence of Death upon them, (/ow/k/Vo and ^/v^r^iio broke
Prifon^
and got away to the Duke, who troubled for his Brother Ferdinand t\\ttt
in cuftody, and in danger of his life, came to Compofition ; whereupon
Ferdinand
was ^Ifo released : But this wasnofooner done, and he had got his
Brother fafe
there p but the Duke regarding nothing lefs than the keeping of the newmade
Peace, fent to Ahnagro , that the Emperor having given him the prime
Command over ^eru , he required him to leave Cufco , or elfe he would force
him.
Almagro fent anfwer_, That if he could fee the Emperor's Hand, he would
immediately obey, otherwife not ; whereupon both Parties prepared for War,
^..
wherein they had many fliarp bickerings in a fliort time : But Almagro
being j/w^re%angidtoo weak fell into the Dukes hands, who ordered him to be ftrangled in
the
Gaol, and his body afterwards to be drawn to the Market-place, and there
publickly Beheaded.
Ferdinand Tii^arro being not long after fent to Spain, with the fifths
of the
gotten Treafure for the Emperor, was Imprifon'd in the Caftle Motto j
for Ai?w^^ro's Death : But what further happened to him there, or became of
him^
hath never been Recorded by any Pen.
But younc; Almagro, inftigated by his Guardian John^da. refolving , tb
rerdimndpizKtmntytv
t Jiri-T-ii-ki 1 /-I obtains his liberty,
be reveng d tor his Fathers Death j to that purpofe he went to Los ^yesy
whereby thchelpoffome hir'd Male^contents, he defign'd to Murder the
Duke Yom^Aim^'sro&abstUc

upon St. Johns day, in the Church at high Service : But this bufinefs
was not
fo clofely carry'd, but the Duke had fome inkling thereof, who therefore
ftay'd at home, and went not to Mafs that day. The Confpirators doubting the event, hearing that their Plot was difcovcr'd, though defeated
in their
purpofe, yet not fail'd in their Courage , ran at noon day to the
Palace, cryi"> ^^^ ^^^ Tyrant y kill the Trayior, But Ti^arro being fo much
forewarn'd, had
lock'd up the Gates, and arm'd himfelf, which when they could not enter,
yec
they went back through the City, and waving a bloody Sword, cry'd,
fi;^arro
is Jlain; this being believ'd, above two hundred private Friends to
Almagro ap*
pear'd, who all ran to the Palace, crouding about the Gates : And
Fmnctfco de
Chares coming out at a private Door, hoping to pacifie the Mutineers,
was
immediately Stab'd j but they rufliing in the way he came , found fome
flout
oppofition , for fevcn Halberdiers of his Guard fought till they were
ail kill'd
in the Dukes prefence j but ^i;^arro was taken alive, and being brought
before
Almagro, he Savagely Butcher'd him with his own hands j which done, they
ran crying along the Streets, Long live the Emperor, and Didacus
Almagro.
But after all this, ^i^arro's Party joyning together, valiantly
withftood the ^'^''
Confpirators , fo that a confiderable number were flain on both fides,
yet Almagro at laft getting the better, confifcated the Goods of all thofe
that were
againil him j and now every one fhew'd him the refped of Chief Governor,
till the Emperor fhould either fettle him, or fend another.
From hence Marching to Cn[co, he had like to have paid for all, but
prevented by private intelligence thereof ; which happened thus,
G arcias Alvarado ^nd Chrijlopher Sotello were Joynt- Governors of C^/co
^ but
quarrelling, and coming to Blom^s in like manner , Sotello vv^as llain :
This
- N ^^ _ ; Almagi'Q

Great flaisgHter in Xw

Cajlrts. Cruelty.^

Vela Vice-Roy gf Peru.

Strange Tranfafcions be- JlmctgYO took^itxj Hainoufly, as being his

intimace Friend, givina forth threattwtm Alvar ado , Sadie, . , ^ ^ 1-l\./ 1 r ^iri-^ t.
znd Aimagro. niHg Speechcs ot Kevenge 5 which Jivar ado inform d or, and
intending fome
way or other to prevent all Dangers, and fave himfelf, he invited
Almagro to a
Feail^ but privately refolving to make it a Bloody Banquet, by his Death
at
the Table. Of this he being informed, as we mentioned before, flaid at
home^
and privately fent for fome Soldiers that had belonged to Sotcllo ,
fendin*-^
word that he was indifpos'd : Jharado, under a fhew of Kindnefs, goes to
Ahmgro^ hoping to perfwade him to come to his prepar'd Treat j bur fo
foon
as he v\7as entered the Hall, they clapped to the Gate, and the Soldiers
falling
upon Jharadoj flew him : But foon after Almagro was call'd in queftion,
and
not long enjoy 'd this his ufurp'd Authority ,. for the Emperor Charles
fendingr
the Learned Vacca de Cafiro with full Authority to feru, to fettle that
diflurb'd
Kingdom, Almagro now us'd to Govern^, had no Ears to become a Subjedt;
therefore he march'd with an Army to meet Cajlro^ by whom, after a
bloody
^Sf '''''"'''^"'"'^ f ig^^. ^ei"g t)eaten and put to flight, having four
rhoufand Men, he fell into
the Vidiors Hands near Cufco, where he was treated very feverely ; for
(hortly
after he was condemned to be Beheaded ; others were fl:rangled, and fome
torn in pieces with Horfes.
Not long after this great Execution, ^lafco Numie;^ Vela came to ^eru^
and
being appointed Vice-Roy, had four Councellors aflign'd him, with whom
he was to confult in all Affairs 5 and efpecially to fet the Indians at
liberty,
which till then had fuffer'd much mifery under the Spanijh Tyranny : To
perform which, the Emperor had given an Order under his Great Seal,
which
was to be publifli'd and proclaimed in all Places. Vela at his arrival
faithfully
performed all his Commands, feiz'd upon Vacca de Caftro, becaufe he had
Exe-

cuted Almagro without any Examination or Tryal ; yet by this means he

got
the hatred of all, fo that mofl: of the Spaniards chofe Confaho fi^arro
for their
Chief, whereby Affairs grew daily more and more out of Order. ISlunne^
Vela laid all the blame thereof upon Wtlltam Xuare;^ Governor of Lima,
whom
he fent for in the Night, and corrediing over-feverely,gave him alfo two
mortal Wounds, of which he prefently died : The Body was in the Morning
drawn along the Streets, which caused fo great a murmuring amongfl: the
Inhabitants, that foon after they fecm'd to make a general Infurredion :
Where; fore Nu?ine:^ Vela fearing the worfl:, refolv'd to convey himfelf from
thence in^
cogniio, and pafs to Truxdlo : But his four Councellors advis'd him to
the contrary . yet he took his own way, caufing all his Treafure to be fent
aboard ;
and having made ready his Horfes to depart, the Common People in a
tumultuous manner fet upon the Palace, catching, fnatching up, and carrying
away
jstakenand putin p^ all the Silver they could find, and meeting the
Vice-Roy, feiz'd,and thrufl: him
into a Dungeon ; which done, they fell at variance amongfl: themfelves ;
for
fome would have him executed, but others infifted to have him fent
Prifoncr
to Spain which laft being the more moderate,getting the upper
H^LndjVela was
put aboard, and committed to the cuftodyofi)/J/szc/^^/"p4A-f;^,who
Anchoring in
the Mouth of the River Tombe:^ (kindnefs growing betwixt them) released
the
Vice:=Roy his Prifoner, and fet him afliore, who not long after got fome
For.
ccs together.
Meanwhile Ti:^arro was every where acknowledg'd for Supreme Governor,
who having Intelligence of the Vice=Roys Defign, fent Franctfco
CarVayales thi.
ther, between whom and Vela was a (harp Encounter j but at lafl: being
worfl:ed, and retaken by CarVayales^ he was foon after executed, and his Head
plac'd
on a Pole near the Gallows. Xhe

Murders Xuarez.

Is Beheaded.

fchap.HL ^ . <iA M E K 1 C J}.

The Emperor Qharles turmoilM with Wars at home, Hiw no likciyhcod to
fettle the confusM Affairs of 'Pctm 5 yet at lad he thought it
convenient to fend
one ^iiUr Gajca thither, an Eccleliaftick, of a llibtile and ingenious
Wit, who
landing Anno 1546. in Limay with no other Title than Chief Councellor to
the Em
peror, took c^uite another courfe than Kt/^/, perfwading them all, that
Affairs
iliould be fetled in order^, according to their own defires, and former
Mifcarriages never be remembred, being utterly deleted by an Ad of Oblivion.
The News of this General Pardon fpreading it lelf far and near, wrought
a great change J for 'Pi;^4rro's Intimates, and thofe nearefl of
Concern, fhrunk
daily from him j which Gafca obferving, march'd againfl him j and that
they
might make the more hade, they loaded feveral ^eru'piansychs.mdjWith
their
Arms, whom when they lagged, they fwitch'd and whipped before them. And
now both Armies being met, and difcharging their Cannons at one another,
with confiderable lofs to each fide, whole Regiments came running over
to
Gafca 5 fo that fi^^arro being quite forfaken, yielded himfelf to the
mercy of
the Conqueror, who accusM him of High Treafon, and caus'd him to be
ftrangled in a Dungeon, and fixM his Head on a Marble Pillar in Lima^
envi^
ron'd with Iron Rails, and infcrib'd with a brief Account of all his
Offences,,
But Gafca not thus fatisfied, hang'd up feveral Commanders, and whipping
and
ftigmatizing others , condemn'd them after to the Gallies : But his
greateft
fpight was againfl the Field-Marflial Carvayales-, a Perfon of the Age
of fourfcore years, whom tying to a Horfes Tail, he caus'd a whole Hour to be
drawn up and down the Market-place, fcorn'd and derided of all People j
which done, he was quartered alive.
Not long after Gafca furrendred the Command of Tern to the Learned Qiun^
ca, and carried an unvaluable Treafure to Germany, for the Emperor
Charles,
who gave him in requital for his faithful Service, the Bifhoprick of
Vakntia,

ID3

,^t.

Gafcai murderous Exploiti.

Qottjalvts Pizarre flran

ghd.

Cruelty us'd on Car va^ales.

Sect. XII.
The Expeditions of John Stade, and Nicholas Durando Villegagnon.
A Bout the fame time that Gafca arrived in Spain John Stade had the
Command
^ ^ over afmall Fort rais'd of Stone and Earth, on the Ifland Maro,
adjacent
to Brafile, becaufe the Salvage People of Tupin Imha fail'd twice a year
from
the Countrey of (Brikiokaj to Maro, at the time when the Flznt Jbbati
was ripe,
of which they made the Liquor that they generally drink at their Humane
Banquets : They alfo landed on Maro about the iBr^m-Fifhing. This !
Bratti
is a Fifli of a very delicious tafte, either caught in Nets, or fhot by
the Tupin
Imha, and carried to their feveral Habitations. Againft thefe People
Stade kept
a continual Guard, when Heliodorus Heffe, Son to Eohanm Heffe, the
famous
Latin Poet in Germany, came to vifit him. Stade to entertain his Guefl
the better, went into the Woods to hunt for Venifon, where he was taken by the
Tupin
Imha, of which the King march'd in the Rear with a great Palm-Tree Club,
and carried him towards the Sea fide, that he, with others that waited
on the
Shore, might make up a I{_awewipepicke (that is, A Feaft of ^fied Men)
But becaufe Stadehtm^ a German of a large Body, well-skinn'd, young, plump and
fat, they all concluded to fpare this Dainty, and carry him alive to
'Bnkioka^

that with fucha Banquet they might highly carefs their Wives : But the
Journey being lonfy, and a jud melancholy poileffinghim with fear, and the
terror
. '-^ " : of

nibals.

His firange Entertainment amonglt them.

Purandii Expedition.

A M E'R^l C J. Chap. HI:

of certain death, and to be Food for fuch ravenous Catinihals, fo
macerated and
confum'd him, that he was almoft dwindled away to Skin and Bone j where^
upon thinking him thus lean to make but few iavory Morfels, they chang'd
their rcfolutions^ and growing better acquainted , he having iearn'd
their
Tongue, and being able to difcourfe with them, they lik'd his company fo
well, that they let him live amongfl: them. Nine years Stade had been a
Slave
amongft thefe Man-eaters, when the French coming thither, bought him for
a
few TrifleSj and carried him to IS^ormandy, whsre landing Anno 1555. he
went
from thence to Hamburgh^ being his Native Countrey.
ISlkholcis Durande a Frenchman fet Sail from Ha'Vre de Grace ^ at the
fame time
when Stade came thither. This Dura?ide having loft a Caftle in ^ritta'm^
to the
great prejudice of the French, out of a pretence of advancing their
Affairs, and
to fill up their almoft exhaufted Treafury, reported. That the S^mnij})
and ^ortuguefe Forces were driven out o^ India ^ where they had gathered fo
much
Wealth 5 and it would certainly redound to the Honor and Profit of
France,
if they could become Matters of the Gold and Silver Mines. King Henry
the

Second approving of the Propofal, and the more becaufe the Admiral
Gajper
Qoligni was alfi^ very earneft, looking upon it as a fafe Retreat for
the Proteftants, at that time cruelly perfecuted : and Durande, fenfible of the
Admirals
thoughts, privately informed him. That in his American Defign he chiefly
aiai'd
to plant a True Church of God in America, where the Profeffors might
enjoy
themfelves peaceably. This Report being Ipread amongft thofe that called
thcmihlvcs Trotejlants, (fled from 5w;^er/dw^ in great numbers to
Fr^wce) made
many of them venture upon the Defign 5 who having fitted themfelves, and
fetting Tail with three Ships, after fome time arrived on the Coaft o^
Brafik,
and landed on the %Qck-Ifland, in the Haven Januario : Here Durande
built feveral Watch-houfes, and the Fort Coligni, which he fortified with a
confiderable
number of Guns : Not long after he writ to John Cahin, That he would
pleafc
to furnifli this new Plantation in !BraJile with good and able Teachers
of the
Gofpcl J which Requeft being immediately taken into ferious
confideration by
the Clafles, one Philip Corguikray, a Gentleman near Geneya, fct Sail
out of the
Haven Honfleurs, with three Ships, freighted with fome Provifions,
feveral Perfons of divers Trades, and two Minifters, Teter (^cher, and William
Chartier :
Diflantioninthenewco- But he had fcarcc xnndc Africa, when they began to
have a fcarcity of Vi<^uals^
wherefore they turn'd their Defign of fetling theGofpel in America,
toPyracy,
where they made finall fi:ruple or difference, whether Friends or FoeS;,
but
made Prize of all they could light upon, though indeed their Minifters
both
preach'dand perfwaded the contrary, amongft whom a Controverfie happen-^
ing, put other Bufinefs into their Heads 5 for one John Cointak,
formerly a ^a
rifian Sorhonijl, was alfo amongft thofe that removed from G^wo^, who
pretended that Coligni had promis'd him a Minifters place, fo foon as he landed
at ^ra^
file 5 h\M^cher and Chartier, not fatisfied that there was any
fuchPromife, and
confequently thinking themfelves not obliged by his bare Affertion, told
him,'
That themfelves being able, under God, to perform the Work, they needed
no
fuch Coadjutor : This bred fo great a Rancor between them, that Coiwf^^
ac -

wickednefsofco/MMta- cus'd them for teaching falfe Do(5trine, and

chiefly that they did not mix the
giinll the Minifters. *^ i-t t iri
Wme at their Sacraments with Water, which Father Clemens had ftrid:ly
commanded. Durande, being prevailed on by the Cardinal of Lorein, joyn'd
with
Cointak, and thereupon lb fharply perfecuted the Trotejlafits^ that he
ftarv'd feveral of them, which otlxfs to efcape fled to the 'BrafdiaKs : Nay. he
took John
Dh

mtam

Chap. III. A M E%1 C A, 105

Dw Sordell, Matthias Venneil, and feter bourdon, out of their Sick-Beds,
and ty- ^J^][''^J^fj^''''''' '^'''
ino- their Hands and Feet, threw them headlong from a Rock into the
Sea :
Soon after which, the bloody Perfecutor returned with ill fuccefs to
France ^
where he wrote a Book againfl the Reformed Religion^but all the Honor
which
he gain d was,that all Parties on both fides accounted him a diftraaed
Perfon.
Sect. XIIL
The Expeditions of John Ribald^, Renatus Laudonier, and Gurgie.
Florida being upon the Continent o^ America j and fo calFd by John
Tontdus, ^^^J^yida unhappily aifcowho landed there upon (pahn^Sundajjthough Sehaflian Gaboto a Venetian,
imployM by Henry the Seventh King o^ England, landed there before, may
well be
termM the Europeans bloody Stage, Tont^us being flain here : But
Ferdinand Sotto
exercisM againft the Inhabitants inhumane Cruelty five years together ;
yet at .
lad died of a deep difcontent, becaufe he could not reach his Aims,
having
condemned fo many Floridans fruitlefly to dig for Gold in the Mines.
However,
fince that, Julian Sumanm and feter Jhumada undertook the Work an^w ,
but
with the like bad Succefs. J}ino 1545. one Lodowick Cancello, a Dominic
an, thought
to effed: great things with four of his Aflociates 5 but landing on

Florida, was
deflroyM by the Natives. But Gafper Coligni the Marilial, neither
difcourag'd
.by thefe miferable Proceedings, nor the former Treachery of Durande,
prepar'd for a new Expedition thither ; and accordingly John ^bald was
fitted ii/^^/Zs Voyage;
with two Ships from Viep , at the Charge of Qharles the Ninth King of
France , wherewith having fail'd thirty Degrees Northern Latitude , he
came before the Promontory of Francifco, where he ran up into the Mouth
of
a wide River, to which he gave the denomination of Dolphin, upon whofe
Banks were whole Mulberry-Woods, which nouriflfd Silk- Worms in ftrange
abundance. From hence he failed by the Wohes Head (a Point fo call'd,
becaufe
great numbers of Wolves breed there) and leaving the (jdar^'ljland,
landed on
Florida , where he built a Triangular Fort, and having furnifh'd it with
Men,
Guns, and Provifions, fail'd back for more Supplies to France j but
coming thither, found all things in diforder, occafionM by a War amongft
thcmfelves ;
fo that the Fm2c/. which guarded and dwelt in the Fort, waited in vain
for Re. ,,'^:^^::^'''' ''''''"'''
lief, and their Provifions growmg fcant, thought it fitted and their
beft way
to build a Veflel, and fail from thence j which having effeaed, and
being
gone about the third part of their Voyage there hapned fuch a Calm for
twenty Days, that they made not the leaft way, which drove them to fo great
extremity, their Provifions being fpent, that they drank their own Urine, and
fed ,
upon their old Shoes, which alfo in a ftiort time failing, they agreed
amongft
thcmfelves to kill and eat one of their Sea-men, call'd Henry Lacher, on
whofe ui.heard-of Hunger:
Flefh they liv'd fome days but being again driven to the greateft want
ima
ginable, in this extremity of Defparation, their Condition being
altogether
hopelefs, an ?za/i|?? Frigat difcovering them, and obferving by their
manner of
Sailing that they were in fome great want, drawing near,fent their Longboat
aboard, and found them fo weak, that they were not able to handle their
Tack 5 whereupon generoufly taking pity of them, they relieved them, and
conduded them to the Coaft of England, and then brought them to Queen
Eli^aheth, who had formerly defign'd to rig a Fleet for Florida,
Mean while, no News having been heard of the foremention'd French Plan' '"' tation

io6

Laadoniir'i, Vovaje,

AMERICA.

Chap. III.

the f/ff/; Fleet.

Mi

ration in ^raftle, and Colmns Difference with the King being decided, he
prcvail'd To muchjthat %enatus Laudomer ([\o\AA with three Ships fail to
relieve the
Garriion in the late deferted Fort. Laudonier landing in KoVa Frmciuj
found a
Stone with a Fmich Infcription, plac'd on the Shore by ^ilbald,2ind hung
full of
Laurel Garlands: Then he vifited the King Satunona^ whofe Son Atorcus
had fcveral Children by his own Mother^ according to a Salvage Cuftom obferv'd
in
that Countrey. Whilil: they flay'd here, a Fiery Meteor appear'd in the
Sky^with
fuch fervor,that fome Rivers boyTd with the heat of it^and the Fifli
parboyl'd,
died ; nay more, it fcorch'd all the Plants far and near : The Natives
afciib'd
this Plague to the French Cannons, by which means they Rood in great
fear
of the French , who might have done great things had not they differed
amongfl: themfelves ; For a Sea-man nam'd ^'^thd Tatracon^ pretendina to
have skill in T^ecroinancy^ would undertake to fhew the Places where the
Gold
and Silver Mines were, which the reft of the Sea-men believing, rebelled
againft Laudonier^ and though fick, imprifon'd him, forcing him to fign
a Writing to this effea, That the two Ships, of which the Rebels made Vajfar

and
Trincant Commanders, fhould with his leave and permittance fail to New
Sba'm
for Provifions. Whilft they were preparing for their Voyage, ^^ptferrir
having been fent to the King lif/;w,came back with many rich Prefents,and
withal brought Information of the Gold and Silver Mynts J^nJatka-^ but
Fa/far and
Irincant taking no notice thereof, fet forth, and took a Spanifb Carvel,
richlyladen before Havana^ whofe Commander they agreed to releafe on the payment of a great Ranfon ; but the Mafters Son being lent afhore to fetch
the t
Money which they had agreed for,in ftead thereof,made his Fathers
Mifchance *
known ; whereupon two great Frigats and a Galley were the next Morning
very early fent to attaque the French, between whom was a fharp
Encounter M
but in a fhort time the two Pyrats were funk, and the Prifoners fold for
Slaves
excepting a few that efcap'd in their Long-boat.
In this interim Landonier receiving no Supply from France, was brought
to
great extremity ; for the Rebels had carried great part of his Store
with them.
In thefe ftraights he was forced by thofe that ftaid with him, contrary
to the
Articles of Peace lately made with King Utina, to take him Prifoner, in
hopes
that for his Liberty he would procure them fome Provifions ^ but the
Inhabitants incens'd at the bafenefs of fo unexpected an Adion , could not be
wrought upon by any means to give them Relief j but grown more perverfe
than before, appointed a general Meeting to eled another King; fo that
out of
all hopes, they utterly gave themfelves over for loft. In this defperate
condition Jo/;?2 Haukins^^^v^zt Sea-Captain, came thither with four E?i^liJJ)
Ships, who
pitying their mifery, furniffiM them with Neceftaries, and having onely
four
Veftcls, lent them one, becaufe Landonier was at that time too weak to
endure
the Sea 5 but not long after recovering ftrength, and all things ready
to fet Sail,
Ribald came to an Anchor before Charles-Fort, wich fcven Ships from Diep
:
Within few days after, the Spanijl? Admiral Tctcr Mclande:^:iVYi\'d with
eighc
Frigats, whereof the French having Intelligence, cut their Cables, and
ftood
out to Sea, whom the Spaniards chac'd, but could not reach ^ whereupon
leaving them, they landed in the Mouth of the River Dolphin, where by help
of

the ^foorip? Slaves they began to intrench themfelves of

having
notice , immediately fail'd thither , at leaft to diftvirb
abfokuely
drive them from their Work ^ but furpriz'd in the way by a
lo^ft moft of his Fleet, ingag'd among the Rocks ; yet the
moft of

which ^bald
, if not
great Storm,
Men w^ere

them

mtmtmi

Cliap. III.

A M E%1 C A.

them favM. In this Storm the Sp.iwiWi' alio fLiffer'd great damage, yet
made

107

an Advantage of the Fre?icJ?mens Misfortune, marching with all fpeed to

Charles*
Fortj m which were onely two hundred weak Men, ^bald havino- taken the
primed Soldiers along with him In the Morning before Sun-rife the
Sbamards
made a fierce AiTault, and in a fiiort time became Mailers of the
PlacC;, which
Laudonier feeing^, fled in a Boat j others leaping from the Walls into
the Moat
fav'd themfelves by fwimming : Whoever fell into the Vigors Hands was.
<Sreatcrueityofthe%-.
., n- ri if>-/- 1 ,' ff"*rds againll the rtnch.
without mercy ilam 5 nay ;, luch was the bpdniurds mveterate malice to
the
Vrenchj that wanting living Bodies, they exercis'd their Cruelty upon
the dead,

pulling out their Eyes, and cutting off their Members, carrying them in
Triumph on the Points of their Swords. In the interim, the Storm ceafino-,
(^,
bald approached Charles^Vort, with his fhatter'd Fleet, but was fo
amaz'd wheii
he faw the Spa?np? Flag fet upon the Walls, and Vallemond marching
towards
him with a Squadron of Spa?uards, that although a River lay between
them,
yet he prefently came to a Treaty;, and deliver'd up all his Men, being
above
four hundred, upon promife of good Quarter 5 but the Spaniards in ftead
of
keeping their Agreement, bound them, leading them all to the Caftle,
where,'
both againft their Articles, and the Law of Arms, they maflacred them,
and
burnt their Bodies; but ^i^^W being quartered, they fix'd his Limbs upon
Poles about the Walls, fending his Head to SeVil. When CW/a the Ninth,
King of France J received notice hereof, he was not in the lead:
concerned at the
Spanijh Cruelty us'd to his Subje^s, out of a particular hatred to
Coltgnl^ the ,
firft Promoter of the Voyage. But though the French Crown fo little
regard- G.^/Vsva]iam Expicb
cdthe inhumane Ufage committed by the Spaniards in Charles^Fort, yet
Domi- '^""^ ''^^ ^^''"'^''^nkm Gurgle fliew'd himfelf fo highly concern'd thereat, that turning all
his
Goods into Money, he levied two hundred Soldiers, and fourfcore Sea^men,
which he put aboard three fmall Ships, pretending that he would onely
touch
at !Br.t///e J but failing beyond Cuha^ he flood diredly ^ov Florida,
whereafter
his Landing he was kindly received by Saturlona the King, who
complaining
much againft the Spaniards OppreiTions, fent to joyn with him his
Kinfman.
0/ofoc^r^, having the Command of a great Army.
The Spaniardshy this time had not onely ftrengthned Charks^Fort, but
alfa
rais'd two others on each fide of the River Mayo^ in which three Holds
lay
Garrifon'd above four hundred choice Soldiers. Thofe in the new Forts
made
little refiftance J but quitting the fame, and flying into a neighboring
Wood,
fell into an Ambufcade of Indians, who flew thirty of them, and
preferv'd
ninety for a Publick Execution. Thus they march'd on vidorioufly to
Charlesfort, where by the way fixty Spaniards fallying out, were every one cut
off,
which much facilitated the Frenchmens Work. The Governor Melande^,
feeing

a certain ruine attend him, fled into the Woods ; but met there by the
Florid
dans, returned to the French, of whom he beggM Life for himfelf, and
fome of .
his People: Yet Gwr^ie deaf to all intreaties, would hear nothing,
butpreffing on, took them all Prifoners, and as a juft Reward of their Cruelty
to his
Countrey-men, hang'd them on the next Trees : After which Execution, it
can fcarce be exprefsM how kindly the Natives entertained the French,
becaufe
they had freed the Countrey from the Spanip? Oppreffions. Thus having
accomplifliMhis Defign, and returning home, he was nobly received at
^ochel,
but had not the leafl: Countenance for all his trouble from the King ;
the Cardinal of Lorein telling him, That for his good Service he ought to
fujfer death, becaufe isongrat.fuiiyr^vardeC
h had fined out three Ships pipon hh olpn Jccount, without Authority.
^ E C T ^

<U M EXI C A.

-nap

Jforiijheri Expedition;

151

Sect. XIV.
Four Englifli Expeditions ^ under the ConduEl of our Famous Sea-Xaptams
Martui
Forbiftier, 5f> Francis Drake, Thomas Candifli^ and John Smich,
/^Aptain Forhiflm failing to the Northern Parts o^ America, Anno 1^76.
chtifing
'^^ a bad time, the Year being too much fpent, and the Ocean fo full of
Ice,
that it forc'd him to return to England : Not many Months after, he
renewed

his Voyage, Queen Elizabeth having rigg'd out, and fent under his
Command
one Frigat and two Ketches, Manned with a hundred and forty Men; The
twenty fixth of May he weigh'd Anchor, and fail'd to the Orkenies^ ^yhig
to the
North of Scotlandy where landing, he found the poor Iflanders fled out
of their
Huts, into Caves and Dens among the Rocks. From thence he fteer'd NorthNorth-Weft, through abundance of floating Pieces of Timber, which oftentimes gave him great flops. The fourth of y/) he made Fn>;^/W, where he
met with a great Storm of Hail, mix'd with Snow : Before the Shore lay a
great Ridge of Ice, which hindred for a while their Landing : Here he
faw
feveral Wild People, but could not come to fpeak with them ; for upon
the
ieaft approach they fled ; yet when they faw any advantage, made
refiftance :
At lafl;, three of them came unarm'd to the Shore, beckoning Forbijher'
to come
to them J which he had done, had not great numbers of the Natives
appeared Jj
too foon from an Ambufcade in a Wood, and behind a Hill, who feeing
them*
felves difcover'd;, march'd up into the Countrey, three onely fl:aying
on the
Shore, of whom the middlcmoft feigning to be lame, at lafl: fell down,
whom
his Companions took up, and carried a little way, but then forfook, by
which
the En^lijh obfcrving their Defign, (hot that the Sand flew all about
him whereupon forgetting his Lamenefs, he ran as fwift as a- Deer up a Hill.
Forhijhe/s Men had by this timefiU'd two Barrels with a Mineral not
unlike
Gold, but was afterwards found to be of little value. Nothing clfe of
Remark did he find here, except great long-hair'd Men, who being exceeding
falvage, fubtilly plot nothing elfe but to murder, lurking for Men, like
Wild
Beafts for their Prey, whom, when caught, they tear in pieces. Clofe
fitted
to their Bodies, they wore the Skins of feveral Wild Beafts, priding in
the
Tails which hung down betwixt their Legs. Their Tents are of conjoyn'd
Whalebones, cover'd over with the like Skins, the Entrance always facing
the
South. They ufe Bowes, Arrows, Slings, and two forts of Boats : In the
biggcft they can carry feventeen Men, which are made of feveral Wooden
Planks
clinched together, and cafed on both fides with Leather : The fmalleft
ones
are cover'd juft in the fame manner, much refembling a Weavers Shuttle,
having in the middle a Hole, wherein a Man fits, who drawing the Cover of
the

Boat about his Waftcby Strings, with one Oar makes fwift Paflage.
The Countrey it felf is barren, yet feeds abundance of Deer, Hares,
Wolves^
Bears, and Dogs like Wolves, whofe Flefli ferves the Inhabitants for
Food.
This Countrey feems to be exceedingly troubled with great Earthquakes,
becaufe feveral pieces of Rocks, and whole Mountains rent afunder, maybe
fcen in divers places.
The fourth of ^/i^wy?, ForhiJl?cr having elevated the Pole to fixty
eight De*
grcc5, beyond what Sehapan Gabot, the firft Difcoverer of thofc Parts,
and fet
out by Henry the Seventh, had done (for America Northward never before
had
been

iO^jg^gm/igg^

Gliapi IIL

A M E %1C A.

Qp

been fo far penetrated) and laden witli a fort df fhining Sand, which he
believ'd might contain much of a Golden Oar, having with him three of the
Natives, yi;^. a Man, a Woman, and a Child, fet Sail for England, and the
feventh
of September ca,me to iW/or^.Haven,and not long after arrived in
Lojtdoti^ where
in fiiort time the Salvages died.
At the fame time when Forhijher fail'd Northerly, Sir Prancis Drake
alfo, fitted
out by Queen Elizabeth, fteer'd another Courfe, failing by Cape manko

and Cape
Verde,2Xon^ the Jfrtcan Coaft.to (Brafile, where he caught feveral SeaWolves,and
Anchoring in the River La flata , furnifliM himfelf with Frefii Water :
Then
proceeding on his Voyage through the crooked Straights of Magellan, he
came
to an Anchor before Moucha, wafli'd by the South Sea. The Iflanders
received
Iiim very courteoufly, becaufe they were inform^ that the Engltjh were
at great
,Wars with the %mWf , to avoid whofe Cruelties, they had deferred the
main
Continent, and fetled on Moucha. One of thefe Mouchaners going aboard,
fervid
them for a Pilot to the Haven Falpari:^o, where Drake burnt the St.
Jago, a fmall
Village, and plundring all the Coundrey about it, got together a great
Treafurc of Gold and Silver. Before Mca he took three Spanijh Ships, richly
laden . and before Lima, four more, having an unvaluable Treafure of
Pearls
and Gold aboard them. Thus inrich'd , he fteer'd his Courfe Northerly to
forty two Degreesj but the Cold forcing him to fall four Degrees to the
Southward, he difcover'd a very pleafant and inhabited Coaft, the People
whereof
fiiew'd him great kindnefs : The King himfelf coming aboard with a great
Train, fet a Crown of Gold upon Drakes Head, and gave him a Golden Scepter, and an Ivory Chain. After this he infpeded the IflandsTOor,
Ternata,
Java, Zetlon, and Cape de (Bona E^ran^a, from whence, after a three
Years Voy=
age, having encompafs'd the World, became fafe to loWo^, where he refted
not long ; for failing Jnno 1585. to America, he took great Prizes from
the Cities St.Jago, St. Domingo, St. Auguftin, and Carthagena, fetting them
all on Fire.
Thus again returning home via:orioufly, and after the famous defeat of
the
O Spanip

Sir Trancis tira^^s

pedkion.

Es^

IliO

C<?(/r/5^ his Expedition.

Smith's Voyage.

a M E'B^I C A, Chap. I
SpanijJ? Jrmado , he rigg d out a new Fleet, having for his Vice.=Admiral Cap.
tain Haivkins : Their Defign was to havcfailM to Manama j but both
dying,
and To the CommilTion ceafing, the expeded great and golden Projed alfo
died with them.
A Year after the death of thefe farnous Navigators, Captain Thomas
Candish
Mann'd with a hundred and twenty Men, and Provifions for two Years, fettincT fail in a hicky Hour, a fccond time encompafs'd the World, pafTmg
the
Straights of. Magellan -^ in which Voyage having got above ten times the
value
of his Charge, by taking the Spanish Carrack St. Jnn a, y lined at
twenty Tun oj
Gold- and at laft freighted with a Mafs of Treafure, he came fafe into
the
River of Thames*
But much worfe fuccefshad Captain John Smith, who weigh/d Anchor J?im
1614. with two Ships, fitted out by feveral Merchants in London, for
Netp^England, and on the Idand Monachigga to load Copper, Gold, and other
Mineral;
that were to be had there, and alfo to fifh for Whales : But there were
no fuel
Minerals to be found there, nor any Whales to be taken on the Coaft,
becauf(
the time of the Year was paft 5 fo that he returned home without Succefs
However, not long after, they undertook the fame Expedition a fecond
time
but with worfe Fortune j for being gotten in fight of Yirginia, he was
trcache^
roufly fet upon, and taken by the French, who accus'd him, that he had
de
ftroy'd the Plantations in Nova Prmcia, and unlefs he would make

fatisfadlioi
for the Damage, they threatned him with death. He was carried Prifoner
t(
^chel, in a French Ship but not far from thence furpris'd by a mighty
Storm
Smith finding an opportunity, leap'd into the Boat, and driving betwixt
th
Waves, at laft, half dead, was thrown upon the Ifland of O/t-m^, whom
after
wards, having loH all, an Hw^/i/7? Ship took in, and brought to his
Nativ
Cotintrey.
Sect. XV.
Netherland Expedition by Jaques Mahu, and Simon de Cordes.

MfhiisVoyig^ Ih ^^^ ^^^P^ ^^'^^^ ^^^^^ out zt Rotterdam, the Command of

them was givei
* . to Jaques JMahu and Simon de Cordes, who on the twenty feventh
oijum
Anno ^598. weight Anchor from the Goree, and failM on an immenfe Voyage
at latl landing at the Illand St.Jago, they won a ftrong Caftle there,
and tool
two Barques ^ but at laft Articled with the Tortuguefe, that they might
undi
fturb'd fupply themfelves with FreOi Water, yet they, as if they minded
n(
Agreements, whilft the Dw^c/; were filling their Casks, came down upon
then
with two hundred Horfe, each having a Foot-Soldier behind him -, but thi
Hollanders made fo ftout refiftance, that they put them all to flight.
The City of St.Jag9,vjW\c\\ gives Denommation to the whole inand,is buil
long-wife, having a convenient Haven, like a Crefcent : Through the Cit]
glides a River, on both fides of which, beyond the Town, arife feveral
higl
Mountains : That part which faces the Sea, hath Fortifications, defended
wit)
ftrong Bulwarks. The fortuguefe had brought all their Guns to bear
toward
the Sea, to fink the Hollafid Ships, which they invited thither under
pretence o
kindncfs but a great Storm hindred the Fleet, that they could not
Ancho
at the appointed place 5 onely two of the Ships faiTd prett^^.;ijear ,
but no
within Shot.
Fror

tSlitme^mm

GHap. III.

A M E%^1 C A.

Hi

tfdm hence fteering to the Defolate Ifland ^rcr^d^ they faw nothing but
five
ruin'd Houfes, the Door of one ftopp'd up with great Stones, which being
. ^
taken away, was found full of ^urh^ Wheat, which prov'd a great kindnefs
to the Sea>men.
Mean while the Admiral MaU died, and his Body put into a Cheft fill'd up
m.m^,,
with Stones, was thrown over-board j fo that Smon des Cordes carrying
the c..^ Ms Voyage.^ j
Flag, fteer'd his Courfe to Guinee, there to refrefh himfclf ; for moft
of his
Men were fo weakned by the Scurvey, that they were fcarce able to hand
the
Sails.
Arriving at their intended Port, the Sick were carried afliore ; and the
Vice-Admiral <Bemmgen, being condufted by a French Guide, went to the
Vice
Roy of that Countrey, who fat on a low Bench, with a Sheeps-skin under
his StrangcKingin e;.
Feet, in a Violet*colour'd Cloth Suit, without any Linnen, Shirt;,
Shoes, or
Stockins ; on his Head a Cap made of yellow, red, and blue Eaftern Cloth
.
his Face whitened with Aflies,fliew'd in feveral places its natural
blacknefs,appearing through the Colours ; about his Neck a Collar or Chain of Glafs
'
Beads : Behind him fat his Nobles, with Cocks Feathers on their Heads,
and
their Skins painted Red.
^emingen plac'd by the King on a Mat, complained to him, That the Guinea
ms fled from him where.ever he came, though in Friendfliip, to barter

Europe-an Commodities with them, againft Fruits, Poultrey, Sheep, and other
Provifions : Whereupon the King promised to furnifli him therewith, and
invited
Seuningen to Dinner. After fome ftay, the Kings Wives cntred the Palace,
a
very mean and ill-favour'd Building, more like a great Barn than a Kings
Houfe, and plac'd a kind of nafty Trough on the Ground,, in which lay
no
thing but fome wild Herbs, and a piece of a fmoak'd Sea-Calf; and though
he was a Perfon of the largeft fize, and corpulent, yet he eat
fparingly. Sen*
ningen, though exceeding hungry, found little rellifli in fuch kind of
Meats ;
wherefore fpreading a Napkin, his Attendants brought him fome Bisket and
O 2 Spanijh

I
^

Ill

a M EX^ C A.

Chap. III.

Bloody Seas vety P.iange

Salvages
ff Magellan

A wild Woman.'

Spanip Wine, whereof after the King had tailed, he likM io well the
rellifli,
that it rock'd him afleep, whilft Beumngen walked to the Sea^fideto
refrefh him*
ielfj but the Guineans coming about him, he was forced to return to the
King, who waking at the noife, appeared highly inccnsM at his People^
and
took Beunlngen into his Houfe : However the Subjects , notwithftanding
the Kings Commands, when 2emingenyR2.s Tent into a neighboring Hut, kept
Watch about it all Night: The next Morning early an old Woman entred,
muttering to her felf, and went out and in to 'Beumngen three times one
after
another, knocking on a Box not unlike a Pair of Bellows, out of which
flew
abundance of Duil about Smn'mgen^ which caus'd a great Laughter amongft
the Guineans. The King alfo coming to him^ prefented him with two Goats,
and four Hens, and fo conduded him back to the Ships.
'Beuningen feeing that there was no good to be done^, fet fail from
thence,and
coming before the River La flata in Amerkay it appeared Blood-red . Out
of
the Water which was taken up in Buckets , flatted a fort of Infects like
Fleas, which caus'd a flrange and fad Diftemper amongft the Sea^men,
that
when any Meat was offer'd to them, fo foon as ever they put it to their
Mouths, they would fall down backwards in a fwoon, foaming and frothing
at the Mouth, and turning up the White of their Eyes, die diftra^ted.
Suffering
under this Difafter, theyhafted from thence with all fpeed, and failing
into the
Straights of Magellan they kill'd above fourteen hundred fenguyinsy
which is a
Bird that preys on Fifli, and lives in Holes under Ground j they
fomewhat re*
femble aGoofe, onely they ftand more upright, and are double- crefted^,
with
two plumy Combs. Coming to an Anchor in the Cree7i-!BayyihcTt arofe a
great
Storm, which continued feveral days, fo that they were forc'd to moor
their

Veffelswith four Anchors, extremely afflided both with Hunger and Cold,
preferving themfelves alive by eating young Grout, at that time not
above a
fpan high from the Ground ^ but this courfe Food bred an incurable
Dropfie,
that polled them on to a fudden death. Afterwards, when the Weather grew
^nihcstmghts more pleafant, the Inhabitants being Gyants, moll of them
eleven Foot high,
grew more troublefom, oftentimes affailing them, and throwing Darts
pointed like Harping-Irons, at which they were very expert. Their Salvage
Natures
may appear by their Dealings with the dead Hollanders^ cutting off their
Heads,
and bruifmgthem to pieces, flicking Darts through their Hearts, and
cutting
pff their Privities. /
At lafl the Fleet getting into the South Sea, were by flrefs of Weather
feparated one from another : Two Ships, being the Faith, and the Good Tydi?
jgSy
w^ere driven back into the Straights of Magellan, where they fuffer'd
the uttermoft extremity of Hunger : Here they took a wild Woman, and two Children, who being of a fallow Complexion, had a great hanging Belly, a
wide
Mouth, crooked Legs, long Heels, and Brealls like Cows Udders ; about
her
Neck a String of Snail-fhells, and upon her Back a Beafls Skin, faflned
about
her Neck with the Sinews of it ; her Food nought elfe but live Fowls :
The
fame Diet the Children fed upon : The youngefl being but fix Months old,
had his Mouth full of Teeth, and ran without any help : The eldefl they
car.
ried to Amfterdam ; but having kept the Woman aboard two Nights, they
gave
her feveral Trifles, and fet her aHiore. Here they found old Ice in the
middle
of Summer, four Foot thick.
'Beuningcn lingred in the Straights cf MagrAlm , and being tired out
with
Hunger, Cold, and Storms, rcturnM home and had they not by accident
, taken

mumm

Chap. !II. A M E K I C A.
taken abundance of Coneys, they had all perifli'd. Above two Years had

this
unhappy Voyage lafled, when they arrived at their Native Countrey, with
fix
and thirty Men, being, all that remained alive of a hundred and five.

Ii:

Sect. XVI.
. ^ ,
T7;e Expedition of Oliver van Noord. "^
TWo Months after Mahu, Oliver van ]S[oord fet fail with four Ships, and
twd
hundred forty eight Men, from the Maes, Having reachM the 'Priwcf^
Jfla)id, he loft fevcn of his Men by the Treachery of the ^ortu^uefn ;
and Anchoring before the City Janeiro, he was no better entertain'd by the
fame Nati.

on

Here

having a

Rencounter , and both Sides receiving confiderable

Lofs, he fteei-'d for St. Sehajltan, a fruitful Ifland, producing an
Herb very
wholefom againft the Scurvey : Here the Sea-men found great ftore of
SeaMews, and Parrots, befides feveral forts of delicious Fifh. The
approaching
Winter advis'd them from entring the Straights of Magellan Co latewherefore
they judg'd it beft to feek a convenient Harbor^ to put their Sick
afliore to refrefih themfelves. The Ifland St, Hellen, for its fruitfulnefs;, feemM
to be the
moll convenient for this purpofe ; but a great Storm preventing them,
they
came to St, Clara, where taking in Frefli Water, they caft Anchor in
^orto Defire, In this Haven they faw a kind of Sea-Dogs, whofe fore-parts being

overgrown with long Hair^ feem'd like a Lyon, and the Feet like Mens Handsover their Eyes and Upper-lips grew black and white Hair, which in
Stormy
Weather flands ftaring upright^ but in Calm, lies flat and fmooth j they
Urine
backwards, fleep very foundly, and caft their Young every Month : Their
Flefii welUboyTd prov'd a favory Difh.
fan Noord going afliore here, faw not a Man ; but only Burying^places on
high Rocks, built of red Stones, and adorn'd both within and without
with
Bowes, Arrows, and other ftrange things : Under the Heads of the Dead
lay
four-fquare Shells, and other things artificially carv'd. Curiofity made
them
defirous to make a further feareh into the Countrey j wherefore he rowed
during a whole Tide up a River ; and when their Boat ran aground at the
time of Ebb, he walk'd feveral Leagues up into the Countrey, where he
faw
nothing but Deer, Buffles, and Oftriches : and becaufe he faw no People,
he
judg'd the Coaft to be uninhabited j but returning again^ he found it
otherwife J for the Sea-men, though commanded to ftay in the Boat, which lay
in
' the middle of the River, went afliore, where they were fo fiercely fet
uponby
thirty of the Natives, that three of them Were kill'd, and another
wounded
m the Leg. Thefe People are very ftrong and Salvage, with painted
Faccs,and
long Hair 5 but after this Encounter, they faw no more of them.
But Van Noord having fpent fourteen Months in feareh, and loft a hundred
Men, fet fail again with three Ships ; for one of them, being the
Utiity, he
burnt at the Ifland Qara, where he Wintered, becaufe of a great Leak
which
could not be ftopp'd. Here they brought five thoufand Fowls aboard.which
much increafed their Stock of Provifions.
From hence paffing the Wide Ocean, into the Straights of Magellan, fom
times
the Fleet attempted to ^o' into the South-Sea, and was as often driven
back by
'crofs Weather into the Straights but the fifth time prov'd more
fuccefsfuij
for having got through, and left the Straights & handfom way aftern,
they
O 1 difcover'd'

Sea- Dogs,

Suangs Tombsr

fhilif-Stait
througlt tuinine.

forfaken

HI'

Iflaad.

A M E'B^l C A. Chap. III.

aifcoverM two iQands, fmm one of which the Sea-men going aland, brought
four Boys and two Girls j who afterward inftnided in their Tongue, informM them concerning the fcituation of the Countreys thereabout.
After that, the Fleet Sail'd into Hungers HaVen, where they found the
rumes |
of the deferted (phtUp-Stadt , which Captain TI?onm Caudijl? had fexn
fourteen
years before, fortifi'd with four Bulwarks j but now onely fome Houfes,
a
Church, and a Gibbet were ftanding : Four hundred Spaniards built that
City,
^s^Kcytoiht Straights of Magellan, But all their Provifions being fpent
in
three years time, and no relief coming from Spam , and what they Sow'd
expeaing the hopes of a Harveft, the Salvages coming down by night deftroyM which caus'd fo great a Famine to rage amongft them, that many
dy'd, not fo much as putting off their Clothes , who lying in the Houfes

unbury'd, occafion'd fuch a flench in the City , that the remainder fled
mto the
Field ; where they livM a whole year by the Fruits of the Trees, Herbs,
and
Roots : At laft, three and twenty of them, amongft which were two Women
remaining yet alive, refolv'd to travel to the River La (plata, and
accordingly
fet forward, but what became of them could never yet be heard, only one
. Ferdinando that was of that company, accidentally wandring from the
reft,
. > happened to light upon Candip/s Fleet.
Here Fan Hpord fet on Shore the Vice- Admiral Jacob Claef^oon llpendam,
for
fome crimes which he had committed 5 and leaving him behind, Sail;d from
M..,. What kind of thence thorow the South-Sea along the Coaft of Chtlt
and Mocha . which liland,
of a confiderable bignefs, rifes in the middle with a forked Mountain ,
from
which a convenient River comes flowing down into the Countrey.
The Inhabitants conduced the Hollanders to their Village , conilfling of
about fifty Houfes built of Straw, but were forbid to go into their Huts
: Upon the Mens call the Women appeared, which being divided into three partics , humbly kneel'd down before them and fooft after an old Woman
brought an Earthen Can full of Oca, a Liquor made of Mays , whofe extraacd Juyce, boyl'd and put into Tubs, ferments like our Beer or Ale, with
a
cap of Barm, with which they treated the Hollanders, who drinking
moderately, were well refreOi'd 5 but the Natives will ply this Liquor, till
they make
themfelves Diftracted, and arc mad Drunk.
From hence Fan Noord fteer'd his courfe to SanBa Maria, where in his way
he took a Spanlfh Ship, called ^uonjefm, that is. Good Jefus, and
received intelligence from the Prifoners, that the Admiral Simon de Cordes, with twenty
three
Men was kill'd by the A?nericans on the Promontory LaVapia, being the
head
Land or Point oppofite to St. Maries 5 that a year fince, tydings were
brought to
Lima of his Fleet 5 fo that they had made all things ready to withftand
him.
But Van Noord hinderM by ftrong contrary Winds, not able to reach SanBa
Ma^
ria, ftood dircaly for St. Jago, in whofe Haven lay a great Spamp? Ship
full of
Indtans, and two other going in, which two he fet on Fire , and the
third he

Tow'd towards his Fleet repenting extremely that he had given liberty,
and
{ctFranctfcodcharfoComm2.ndct of the !Buon Jefm zdrnx^ ^^ becaule he
afteiwards underflood from the SpamP? Pilot , that harra threw ten thoufmd
two
hundred pound weight of Gold, pack'd in fifty two Cafes, over-board,
when
he obferv'd that he was like to loofe his Ship.
The Fleet Sailing forward came to an Anchor before the r/;imi 1/7 W,
whofe
Inhabitants are very light Finger'd, go ftark naked, and are of great
ilrength ^
they found the Women much Disfigured, their Nofes, Lips, and Cheek-bones
eaten by the French Pox.

Cica, a flrange DrinV.

ran Xatrd takes a Spt'^

nijh Ship.

iMfiifiMiit

Chap.IIL

A M EXJ C A.

115

In the Bay La'Bayd, the i)utch Admiral, with a Spanip Flag on histopMaft,
fcnt one of his Sea^mcn in a Fryers garb afliorc, if polfible under that
difguife,
to get Provifions j which falling out according to their Defign, they
were fupply'd with all manner of Viduals : After that, the Hollanders burnt five
Vil*
lages on the Ifland Capull-^ took a Qnnefy VeffcijOne Spanish Barque,
and a Caryel
Laden with Brandy from Cocos ; and after a great and bloody Fight funk
the

Admiral of the Mzwi/Z/s, and ^a at laft with various fortunes arriv'd at

%otmJ4WJ, having in three years encompafs'd the World.

l^erforms great tbiagii

S E C T. X V L
the Expedition of George Yaii Spilbcrgen.
^ pLH/io 1614. the eighth ofjugujiy the EaJlJndia Company of the United
Nether-^
^ ^ lands fet out feven Ships tinder the Command of George Spllber^en ,
who
coming to Cape St. Vincent y and engaging with the Tortuguefe, took one
of their
Ships^ and fo proceeded tin his Voyage to the Straights of Magellan, but
by a
huge Storm, the Fleet v(ras feparated. Amongft thofe that were fcatter'd
was
the good Ship call'd Meruw , in which fome of the creW had confpir'd to
have
kiird the Mafter, and feiz'd the VcfTel 5 but he having fome inkling
thereof,
fetfo ftoutly upon two of the chief Contrivers with his drawn Hanger,
that he
forced them to leap over-board, and as ftoutly ordering the reft, fet
all to
rights.
But Spilbcrgen Landing ott one of the (P^w^mjw Iflands, found two Dead
Bodies juft covered with Earth, about their Necks was a Chain of
gliftering Snail
Shells neatly ftrung j the Grave ftuck full of BOwcs and Arrows, was
plcafaht
to look upon, between fevcral high Mountains, whofe tops lay bury'd in
Snow:
The Fleet came out of the Straights 6^ Magellan ^ but not without great
danger,
for the South-Sea much difturb'd by tempeftuoits Weather , feem'd to
raiit its
Waves

Strange Goips.

XI 6

gcr

Strange iheep.

St. Maries biunr.

And alfo Val,Paiyft.

A M E R I C J, . Gliap.lliv
Waves up to the Sky, fo that they had enough to do, from being ingag'd
amoncT the Rocks : But at lafl: with great difficulty ^ wonderfully
eicaping all
danger, they Anchored before La Mochas an Idand which on the North fide
lies
low, and on the South defended by Rocks.
spiii,erocnh great d.n- spilhergen feeiug abundance of Men Handing on
the Shore, Row'd thitherto
Barter for Merchandize, amongft them was a Sheep with a long Neck,
bunchBack'd like a Camel, a little Mouth, and long Legs which Beail ferves
them
inftead of HorfeS;, to carry their burthens, and perform their Tillage.
The
Jmericans breed up theie Sheep every w4iere, by reafon of the
extraordinary be^
nefit they receive from them, fome of them keeping no lefs than eighteen
hundred. Their Shepherds nde upon a Bead" almoft like an Ox, and carry in
their
hands CopperPlates , hung round about with Bells , which they fhake,
making a different noife when their Sheep fball go in or out j and on
their Heads
wear Feathers like Coronets, {landing upright.
From thence, S^ilhergeon departing, Landed at laft on the Idand of S'r.
Marjiy
where he burnt all the Sfamsh Villages -, as he did alfo in Val Tary/a,
After going afiiore, in the Haven Quintero, he faw abundance of Wild
Horfes
^ drinking out of a Rivulet, fupplyM with frefii Water from an adjoyning
fteep
Mountain ; fo foon as they efpy'd Men , they inftantly running away,
were
feen no more.
Having left QMuitcro , and fpent a Moneth in Sailing farther, they dif-

cry'd eight great Ships ; whereupon the Prifoners inform'd them, that it
w^as
the Spanish Fleet, of which %odmgo de Me?ido-;<ia was Admiral, fitted
out on pur' pofe to fight Spilbergen , whofe coming (as we faidj was known a year
before.
Bloody fight between the ^j- midnight Memlozci Boarded Spllhernn , but
was fo roughly received, that he
Manim and Spanijh & ^ , , f r r ^ c^^ c^ -T /" A r> L It
was forced to Retreat with the lofs of the Ship St. trmcijco. At Day.
break, the
BolUnd Admiral fir'd at Mcndo:^a j who anfwering with equal courage ,
occa
iion'd a fmart Engagement , wherein the Spamards were fo hard belet ,
that
they put forth a White Flag; but it was immediately taken in again by
the
Commanders aboard, choofing rather to die, than furrender, becaufe they
had mockM at Mendo^t, when he hinted the difficulty of the Enterprize in
the
Grand TemVtan Councel, faying, They Ipeiit out, onely to take a few
di/abled Hollanders, and tying them hand and feet, carry them to Execution. Yet
their high and
proud Stomachs prov'd very fatal to them, for afterwards totally routed
and
put to flight j mod of them funk by the way.
This done, the Hollanders viaoriouOy Sailed to Calyo^)^ de Bma^ having a
con'.
venient Haven t The City adorn'd with curious Houfes and Temples , is
ftrengthen'd by a Platform, Planted with great Guns towards the Sea, and
the
Shore was guarded by eight Troops of Horfe, and four thoufand Foot ;
whereupon Splhergen , who was yet to go fo great a Voyage, judg'd it no way
convenient to adventure the lofs of all on the good or bad event of a
Battel, cfpecially being fo much over-power'd by the number of the Enemy : Wherefore
feeing no hopes of Vii^ory, fetting forward to Guarma, he got fome frefh
Provifions.
Againll the City feyta.hc playM his Cannon with fuch fury,ihat the
Townsmen deferted the place, which he obferving, fet it on fire, and Sailed
to A<iuapul'
que, where from the Fort at firft the Spaniards fired fome Guns at them
but
foon after changing humor, they came to an Accommodation, furnifliing

the
Hollanders with convenientProvifions. Paffing on, and coming to Sdaques,
both
Natives and Spaniards having fuffer'd fome of the HclLw.ders to Land ;
after

HolUniers
Fleet,

a^)Ot tit Limit,

5*()/t btt}"lW/

Chap. III.

<J: M E RI C A

fee upon them treacheroufly in a Thicket, but to their little advantage,

for
they made fo good a Defence, that the Alfailants not able to bear the
brunt,
fled with great Iofs
Spilhergen Sailing from hence to the Manillas, waited there for the Spa?
jip Admh^\Jua?i de Siha, who had made (as was reported) great preparations for
him
loner fmce - but feeina it was in vain, at laft he returned to Zealand ,
where he
came to an Anchor, loaden with Riches, in the middle of Summer, Jmm
1617.

117

Sect. X V IL

neroflfle.

The Expedition of William Cornelifzon Schouten, and Jacob Le MairCc

SOme Merchants that were called the Juftrian Com^znj y fitted out one
Ship with fixty five, and a Ketch with two and twenty Sea-men , giving
the Command thereof to the Captains Schouten Sitid Le Maire : Anno i6\<)
they
Wei^h'd Anchor from the "/exe/j the firft took a view of one of the
three
Iflands, caird Mahrahomma, lying before Cape Sierra Leona. This Ifland
appearing a great height out of the Sea, was not inhabited, they feeing onely
three
Wild Buffles, many Wild Cats, Birds which bark'd like Dogs, Wild PalmTrees, Lemon-Trees, Turtles, Crocodiles, Partridges, and Storks: From
hence, pafling by the dangerous Shelf ^W^oj, they ran into forto Vefire,
where
on the Rocks they found abundance of Eggs,and Spierings,or Smelts,and
Spire=.
grafs fixten Inches long, wherefore they called that Inlet
Spierings-'Bay. Their
Sloop alfo brought two Sea-Lions , and one hundred and fifty fenguins
from
the (penguin Ifles, having Sail'd two Leagues up the River ; iti the
interim, the
ground being meer Stone , and their Anchors coming home, the great Ship
scimmw gvczid^z^r;
drove againft a Rock , and at Ebbing Water , broke off the outermoft
Planks
and Iron-Work , and the Ketch alfo ftriking on a high Shelf , was at low
Ebb
two Fathom with her Keel above the Water, and had without peradventure ^
been overfct, and bilg'd, but a frelh North-Weft Wind kept her upright,
yet
at laftjthe Weather growing calm,fhe lean d,but the Tide coming in very
faft,
fether afloat, fo that (he was miraculoufly fav'd ; then fetting Sail
again to
i^ingsdjland, they found fo many Eggs of black Mews, that one without
ftir- incredible many Eggs.
ing from his place, might reach above fifty Nefts, and in each of them
at leaft
three Eggs, which they carry'd aboard by thoufands. Their Boat Rowing
Southerly down the River, found fome Oftriches, and Beafts not unlike
Stags,
but with exceeding long Necks. On the Hills lay Stones heap'd one upon
another, which removing, they found Dead Bodies of eleven Foot long; here
theyfpent their time in cleanfing their Ships, and new Sheathing the
Ketch,
but as they were Tallowing, the Flame accidentally got between the
Grevifies ^mh burnt,
which immediately taking Fire , in a fhort time confum'd it to Allies :
The
great Ship had gotten a Horn in herBoW, feven Foot under Water 5 this

Horn
being firm without any hoUownefs, and not unlike a great Elephants
Tooth,
ftruckthorow two Aflien and one Oaken Plank, flicking in a Rib of the
like
Wood, and yet above half a Foot remained out to be feen.
At length Schouten Weighing Anchor from forto Defire , and Sailing to
four
and fifty Degrees Southern Latitude, met whole Shoals of Whales,
infomuch,
that he was fain to Tacque to and again to fliun them. Sca^-Pies, bigger
than
Swans, came flyinc^ in great numbers aboard , fufferincr themfelves to
betaken
With

Great Cerpsj

Strange Komi

Great Me wSj

ii8

Straights Le Mairt.
Ifles in the South-Sea.

Strange entertainment at
the Horn Iflands.

A M E %^I C A. Chap. III.

with the hand. On the North-fide they fpy'd a high and fcraggy Coaft
fpread.
ing it felf to the Eail South-Eaft, which they call'd, Tk ^taus
QonntY^y, that
which lay to the Weft ward of it , Uaurice oF Hf^jfau , the Iflands in
fifty fcven
Degrees (Barnevield's Iflcs, and the iharp Point in which lay the Snowy
Mountains , Southward of the Magellan Straights end, the Cape o^ Hoorn.
5'c/;o?e;i had now gotten the height of fifty nine Degrees, when he
enter'd
the South-Sea, through the new paifage between Mauritm and the
States^Countrey, which was call'd from his Partner, The Straights of Le Maire,
Near the two Ifles Juafi Vernayido, they found great ftore of FiQi,
after that
they view'd thefe Iflands, that lay fcatter'd up and down the South-Sea,
each
of them they nam'd according to their feveral occafions, calling the
firft , Tk
Ifle of Dogs , becaufe they have abundance of Dogs there that could not
bark i
Another, The ^ottomlefs Ifland , becaufe the Sea was fo deep about it,
that they
could not come to an Anchor. The Inhabitants who go naked, with their
Skins pounced full of ftrange fliapes, of blue Snakes, Dragons, and fuch
like
Creatures, Salli'd out of the Woods upon the Hollanders with great
Clubs, to
which was faften'd the Sword or Snout of a Sword-Fifli , and alfo with
Slings. ^v
Somewhat further they came to Water-Land , and Flyes-lflajid , the firft
fo
nam'd, becaufe the Shore round about was planted with Trees , but in the
middle all lay covered with Salt- Water ; the other from the Byes^ which
with
incredible numbers troubled the Sea-men four days together.
Moreover, the Reception or Entertainment which Schouten was welcomed
withal, at the HoornJftandsy being very remarkable, we will in brief
relate :
Anchoring in nine Fathom Water, Shelly ground, before a frefli Rivulet,
three Hollanders fent to the King were by him courteoufly entertained,
who

with ftrange humility, not bow'd, but kifling their Feet fell flat on
the ground,
and put the Hollanders Feet upon his Neck 5 and after this manner of
Salutation, waited upon then! aboard : Yet although this King fawn'd fo much,
and
feem'd fo humble, yet he was very fevere over his Subjeds, for finding
one
that had filch'd a Sword, he not onely brought and reftor'd it, but
immediately Executed the Thief before their Faces.
Le Maire and Jrias Claef;^oon were much honor'd here, for the old and
young
King put their Crowns on their Heads, curioufly Wrought of fine White
Feathers, and the end adorn'd with fmall Red and Green Feathers 5 they gave
alfo
to each ofthem a Pigeon, White to their Wings, the hinder part Black,
and
under their Bellies Red.
In the interim, the King o? Water Jjland vifited the other, by whom Le
Maire
was treated : When they met, they made ftrange fhews of Honor to each
other,
but at laft fhew'd their Salvagenefs by eating raw Fifh , and rudely
Dancing
before the Hollanders, Le Maire going into the Countrcy , and climbing
up a
high Mountain, faw nothing but Morafs Wilds, and Vallies, lying under
Water : The King and his Retinue here kept him company, during his ftay
there, when weary with walking, they fate down together under Coco-NutTrees ; the young King tying a String about his Leg^ climb'd with
exceeding
dexterity up a high Tree, bringing feveral Coco-Nuts down with him,
which
he open'd very expeditioufly.
Anas Claef^oon, Rowing afhore one night, found the King fitting under a
Roof, reftincT on four Pillars , where feveral Naked Women DancM before
him according to their Mufick, which was Taboring upon a hollow Piece of
Wood,

"^"^ ^

^v i

Chap. III.

A M E 1^1 C J.

u^

Wood, which yielded a murmuring found without any diftind Tune.

But the two Kings meeting again, the next day Complemented one ano^
ther with more antick and ridiculous Poftures , fitting fide by fide
under the
Roof, imploring their God^ with their Hands folded, and their Heads
bow'd
to the ground : At this interview ;, four i:?b//^wJ Trumpeters and
Drummers
flood playing before the King, to the great admiration and amazement of
the
Iflanders, which were near ten thoufand gathered together upon the News
of
the ftrangers to attend the two Kings. Soon after a great company of
Rufticks
came running thither, which had a green Herb cali'd Caya, ty'd about
their c^^^aftranjertjuor.
middle ; on a fiidden they began all to chaw this Cava, throwing that
which
they had chaw'd into a large Woodden Trough^ then putting Water to it,
they
Kneaded it together J which done, brought the Liquor on their Heads to
the
two Kings , before whom they kneel'd when they gave them any : Yet not*
withftanding they received fuch honor from their Subjeds, they fliew'd
fervile
xcfpe^s to zhc Hollanders, for every King prefented them with a Pig,
which
they firft laid on their Heads, then kneeling, put it down at Le cMaires
Feet,
and bowing their Heads to the ground, rofe again. They wear their Hair
long, which Brayded, hung on the left fide of their Heads down to their
Hips,
ty'd at the end with two Knots ; but the Nobility had two fuch Locks:
All
of them went naked, their Privities onely covered. The finallefl of the
Men
exceeded the biggefl: of the Hollanders in tallnefs. The Women had
longBreafts impudent womenj
hanging like Satchels down to their Bellies, and fo
unfliamefac'd,thatthey proftituted themfelves to any , in fight of all Men ; and flill at low
Water , their
bufinefs was to catch Fifli, which they greedily eat raw.
After all this Entertainment, Weighing from hence, Schouten SailM along

smngewiidmenj
the Coad of T>{eii>r.Gumy^ -where three Boats full of Kcgro's came
Rowing to'
wards them , Slinging very fiercely Scones at them, and hoverino- about,
attended their motion ail night. Next morning, feven Boats more coming;
to'
their affiilancej they (et upon the Hollanders , but fooa fled from
their Bullets j
yet

Xii

Deform'd people.

Remarkable Exploits of
i' Htrmite.

VegdY a wickc j_,manj

A M E "B^t C A ChapJII.
yet two of the Kegro's were taken, that in each Noilril wore a Ring.
Sailing
further, feveral Boats came aboard of them, whereof thofe that Row'd,
breaking their Ajf^^gciys or Launces over their Heads, entered the Ship j the
Hair of
their Heads and Beards bedawb'd with Lime, flew about, whiift they
Danc'd
on the Decks, after they had eaten a good Meal : But they endeavor'd to
re=
ward this their kind Entertainment with Treachery , for going afiiore ,
they
foon after return'd in greater numbers, and fat upon the Anchors which
lay
over the Bows of the Ship, and there being a great calm^ endeavor'd to
Towe
the Ship towards the Shore, whilft others threw Stones and Arrows. But
fo
foon as the Hollanders firing their Guns Wounded feveral of them, they
all

fled , except fome which they took Prifoners, whereof one whom they
after*
wards caird Mofes, did them great fervice.
But Le JMaire was amaz'd at nothing more, than when on the next Coaft he
faw feveral little Houfes built about nine Foot high , out of which many
Peo
pie Iflu'd, which were all deformed, either having Wry Nofes, Bow Legs,
Squint Eyes, or crooked Backs, and all in one part or another miffliapen.
At lad, Anchoring before Jacatra, the Ship was ftopt there by order of
the
EaftJndia Company , and the Men divided and put aboard thofe Ships that
Saird from India to Hollandj3.nd arriv'd in fafety at Flujh'mg, after
they had Sail'd
about the World, in two years and eighteen days.
s E cT. X vin.
J^oyage of the Nalfavian Fleet, under the Command o/" Jaques L'
Heremite,
and Geen Huigo Schapenham.
THe United Netherlands, to abate the Spanijh Grcatnefs, fet out a
confidera*
ble Fleet, which they fent to try their fortune, in making Prize of what
ever they could light upon in any of their Havens wafli'd by the SouthSea.
Jaques U Hermite had ten Ships under his Command, Manned with fixteen
hundred thirty feven Men, and two hundred ninety four Brafs and Iron
Guns,
with which he fet Sail from Goree, Jnno 1623. and coming before Cape
Vincent^
he difcover'd eleven Turkifl) Pirates, whom fighting, he beat, and
re=took the
Holland Ships they had made Prize of.
At %oxents Head, V Hertnite ^zye chafe to fifteen Spanip? Ships , and
coming
up with them, funk eleven, and took four laden with Sugar. Afterwards
An*
choring at Safia, he fent the Ship Over-yjfel, and a Frigat call'd the
Gray-Hound,
to Convoy home the Prizes ; afterward being informed , that thirty
Spanijh
Ships were making to them, Sailing into the Haven St. Vincent, the
Spring Water that he fupply'd his empty Cask with being brakkifh, caus'd an
excoriation
of the Guts, which brought the Bloody-Flux, whereby he loft many of his
Sea-men 5 being well entertained by the Salvages of Jnto?iio, they went
on to
Sierra Lcona, a Mountainous Point full of Lime-Trees, here they found
the

Names of 5r. Francis Drake , and other EnglifJ) cut in a Rock.

After that he put in at the fruitful Ifland Annahon , where he caus'd
his Chirurgeon to be Beheaded.
This wicked Man being brought to the Torture , would confefs nothing
concerning the Crimes objected againfi: him, but being flrip'd for
Execution,
they found a fmall Bag hanging on his Breads in which lay a Serpents
Skin
and

Chap. III. . <t4 M E%^1 C J.

and Tongue, with which he had Poyfon'd fcveral Men, but he confefs'd nothing.
The firll o( February , the Fleet came to Cape de ?emia6 , which they
know at a
great diftance, by its high Mountains cover'd with Snow.
In fliort time after, Sailing by the Mouth of the Straights of La Maire,
they
met with very tempeftuous Weather, and feventeen of their Men going
adiore,
were devoured by the Cannibals o( Terra del Fuogo. Thefe People being
all V/hites,
and of a large Stature^, Paint themfelves Red, and go ftark naked,
except fome
of higheft quality who tie a Deer Skin about their Necks; and the Women
cover their Nakednefs with a piece of Leather : They live in Bowers made
of
the Branches of Trees, Staked three Foot deep, in a round at bottom, and
above
like our Tents, Canopy'd, the top of which open, to carry out the Smoke
like
a Chimney J and have no other Houfliold-ftuff than fome Baskets, in
which
they lay their few Fifliing Implements. They go continuallyArmM with
Clubs,
Arrows, Slings, and Stone.Knives : Their Boats being only the Trunk of a
Tree made hollow, rife up before and behind like a Half-Moon, and are
fourteen, and fome fixteen Foot long, and two broad ;, and Row fwifter than
a
Pinnace with many Oars. Laftly, they are fo Salvage, that they feem
rather
to beBeafts than Men, knowing no Religion, ill Natur'd, cruel and Treacherous.
From hence, paffing on, U Hmf7e refrefh'd at the defolate Ifle FmiWo,
and

fo SteerM his Courfe to Calla de Lima, on whofe Coail, taking a Spanip

VeiTel,
the Prifoners told him , that their Plate-Fleet had Weighed Anchor^ and
were
gone to fanama j only the Admiral which carry'd forty Brafs Guns, with
fifty
Merchant.Men, lay clofe under the Shore, Guarded by three Stone Bulwarks
Fortified with fifty Guns.
V Hermite having a defign upon thefe, took three Spanijh Veflels that
were
going thither, and at midnight, fent Captain Jdrian Tol, feter Slobbe,
and Meindert Egbertf^on, with twelve well Mann'd Boats, furnifli'd with Brafs
Drakes,
and Hand-Granado's, to Attaque the Spanijh Fleet that lay hard by 5 and
whilft
fome gave a falfe Alarm on the North of Callao, the Boats Rowing from
Ship
to Ship, in fliort time firM forty of them ; although the Spaniards from
the
Shore endeavored by their Shot to drive back the Enemy , neither the
Fort or
Admiral fparing Powder nor Ball.
In this valiant Exploit the Hollanders had onely feven Men kill'd, and
fifteen
Wounded : About break of day, feven of the Spanijh Ships floated,
burning towards the Dutch Fleet, which were as terrible as now Fire-fliips, which
forc'd
them to Weigh Anchor to fliun them.
After that, L' Hermite took two Ships laden with Wine, a third full of
Wood,
and a fourth with Wheat : One of thefe Prizes he fitted and prepared for
a
Fire-fliip, and fending her to Board the Spanifi Admiral, it ran aground
within fliot of him 5 whereupon being battered by the Admirals Guns, and
thofe
from the Bulwarks, and at laft taking Fire gave but a fmall blow,
becaufc
mofl part of the Powder had taken Wet.
^ In this interim, while thus their defign went profperoufly on, their
Admiral
V Heremite dy'd, whom they Bury'd on the Ifland Lima, and Schapenham, in
defiance of the ViceRoy in CaUao, caused one and twenty Spaniards to be
hang d
at the Yard.Arm, becaufe he had fent him a fcornful Anfwer on the
Propofals
concerning the delivery of the Prifoners.
Cornelius Jacob/R^oon Sailing to Tifco with four Sail from the Fleet,
could do

P no

IZI

Jul.,

r t-^i-jj-s^j^ ^i.-i!ii

\IZ

J M E "KI C A. Chap. III.

no ^ood there, for he not onely found the City to be furrounded with a
Wall n
oflfteen Foot high, but having alfo many Earthen Redoubts, behind which
lay above two thoufand arm'd Men, wherefore he deferred the fame after
fome
F.7^...'s E.pi n. Pvancounters : But the Rear.Admiral, John
Williamf^oo?! Verpoor, who was fent
to Gainciutl, had much better luck ; for he not onely took that
Metropolis, but
alfo burnt a new Royal OaUion, and two leffer Veffels j carry'd a
conquered
Velfel to Lmi^ ; flew above a hundred Sfmlards, and threw feventeen
overboard, becaufe they had fhot Poyfon'd Bullets againftthe Law of Arms ;
of
which Conouefl Captain Engelhm Shtitte had the greatefl honor : But the
Seamen grew weaker and weaker by the Scurvy, and all of them would have perifli'd, had they not found a foveraign Herb on the higheft Mountains o^
Lima.
^c^.^;Wsremarbb!. Scha^cnhcim being chofe Admiral in V Heremkes place.
Weighed Anchor from CaU
"'^'''' /do,andranintothe Inlec'?i/'c4^om,whereon
thefhorehcrais'daSconcej yet
not long after departed from thence without any effed , but loft twenty
eight
Men, through the bad Condud of their Commanders j the like number he
loft alfo at Jquapulque, on the fide of which City ftands a Caftle with
four
ftrong Bulwarks j the Holland Fire-fliip lay juft without the reach of
the fhot,
the rell lay along'the (hore in a row, there to feize upon the Veffels

expeded
thither from the Manillaes : But becaufe the Scurvy raged amongft the
Sea-men,
and diiabled them* they waited in vain, Schapenham Sail'd through the
SouthSea to the Ladrones, where he found ftore of Provifions. Jnno 1625. in
March,
he dropM Anchor before Makye, and from thence went with Herman
Spiult,tht
GovQtnor fox tht Eaft-India Com^zny in Amboina, to Qram, where they Conquer'd the Fort Lochoe, and foon after C^mhella ; then the Fleet being
divided,
Schapenham carryM home two Ships from ^ataVta, and the remainder
returned
at feveral times, they being hirM to ferve the Eafl^India Cpmpany to
Surratta,
Malacca, Coromandel, and the Molucca Ifles : Schapenham Deceafing near
(Bantum,
and being Bury'd on fulo 'Boftok, the Ships arrived at the fm/ in July,
Jnno
i6i6,
Henry Brewer his Voyage.
the States-IJle, Co dangerous and Rocky, that he durft not put in to the
Land from which flew great abundance of Party-colourM Ducks, with
fharp
Bills, about the Ships, and under the Keels fwam alfo Whales.
On the Weft fide of the Straights Le Maire, Brown ran into Valentines
Inlet,
where he was much troubled by the Winds which came whiftling through the
hollow Mountains with great and fudden gufts : The fliore afforded red
and
black Strawberries, CarVtlle and Mufcles, to the great refrefliment of
the Seamen, who daily faw SeaLions, but could not come to (hoot one of them,
for
no fooner they perceiv'dany body, but they Diving under Water, fwamawayj
and though they faw Mens Foot- fteps of eighteen Inches long, yet they
never
found any Men. Thence Sailing into the South-Sea, along the Coaft of
ChiU,
they enter'd a Bay which they nam'd Brewer' s- Haven ^^ where Landing,
they
walkM towards a great Smoke which they faw afar off, but coming near it,
found only two Houles within a large Plain, full of Sheep, Oxen, and
Horfes; before the Houfes flood Woodden Croffes.
The Volphm Pink and a great Boat being fent to the Inlet, lay the
following
Night at an Anchor near a high Mountain from whence, in the Night, two
great Guns were fir'd, whereupon, LicutQnznt IViUumTer Bergen L-^ndcd
with

flxteen

Schaftnhatu dies.^

Sea Lions.

Brewer's Haven.
Jleraarkable Exploits.

^i^ngil^

Chap. IIL ^ <tA M E^R^l C A.

fixteen Mu^ueteers , and climbing up the Mountain, found a
Village'behind
the fame, where all things were in Alarm, Drums beating, Trumpets founding, Bells rmging; the Villagers fuddenly firing their Guns on Ter Serf.
;2 who
bemg fupply'd with thirty four Men, Encountered the Enemy fo Valiantly,
that he fled into the Woods, not without the lofs of Men and Horfes :
The
Guns with which they had fliot in the Night lay onely on a Redoubt : Ter
<Ber^
gen perfuing this Vi^ory, March'd into the Woods, and fliot the S^mjh
Commander Andreas Mums Iferrera from his Horfe, got great ftore of Treafure
which
lay hid under the Tree, being brought out of Carelmappa, which Village
he fet
afire, and killed all the Horfes , and Weighed Anchor with the Admiral
brewer <
to Mchael de Cahuco, where not being able to Land, bccaufe of the many
obfcure Rocks and Shoals, they fet Sail to Cujiro, which they conquer'd
and burnt
without the leaft refiftancc : This City fituatc on a Mountain is
ftately buik
among Flowry Meadows, delightful Orchards, and brave Fountains ; the Sea
before it flows daily fourteen Foot. !Brewer alfo burnt a Spamfi Ship,'
and fet
fome Houfes afire, took three Spaniards Prifoners on I^ Bahm^ who
informed
him, that the Winter Seafon was almoft over, but that it was never
knowii
by any to pafs over fo mildly, ill Weather generally ufing to blow down
Houfes, Trees, and rend Rocks afundcr; that there was much Gold in Ofomo

and 'BaUivia^ which laft they had fome years fince deferred for hunger,
but it
was fince Garrifon'd by three hundred Cajiilians, that none could get at
the Fort
Conception (which lay a League Wefterly from thence) but in afmall Boat,
that
there were on the place near two thoufand Inhabitants. Moreover, an
ancient
Matron catl'd LoVyfa Tirana, from Quintian, one of the Ifles in the
Chilean InLand-Sea, being fetch'd from thence, gave information, that forty years
fince,
before the Indians took up Arms, the Spaniards were quietly fetled in
Ofomo, and
in fo good a condition, that an ordinary Planter had at leaft three
hundred
Slaves, of which, every one was to procure a certain quantity of Gold .
that the
mcsChdoVes were divided into above a hundred Colonies or Plantations the
Qtlefes ferving the Cafttlians^s their true Governors ; thofe that do
good Service,
the King of the Colony makes them Commanders- and that the Chinefes hzd
Kebell d m feveral places. Brewer on the QUefes requeft took fome of
them,
with their Wives and Children into his Ship, furnifli'd with Arms, he
digged
a Cheft of Silver and a Brafs Gun olit of the Earth , and foon after
being fick
dyd. His SuccefTor Bias Herkmans ^^xoftcmin^ thofe Publick Affairs fent
the Pilot of the Unity out of reWs Haven, and fome Sea-men, with two
Chi^
lean Cafyues with a Boat to Carelmappa , but being furpriz'd by a
violent Storm
Itood in for Horfclfland, where he and the Cafi^ues Landing, he order'd
feven
Sea-men to carry the Boat to a fafer Harbor . but being driven from the
fliore
by ftrong Winds, it took in fo much Water as fiU'd and funk it, fo that
all of
them were drowned. HorfeJfland being deftitutc of Provifions and
Lodgings,
thofe that were Landed expected nothing but Death, till they found out a
fmali
Hut, and in the fame 1:, brave Sheep, and a good quantity of Potatoe
Roots,
which ferv d for Bread : But when this their new-found Store was almoft
fpent
they happily were fetch'd off by the Boat belonging to the Ship
AmfterdamUnd
with the whole Fleet came to an Anchor before Baldma. This City built by
the Cajhhans, confifted formerly of five hundred and fifty fair Houfes,
and was
divided into Streets and crofs Ways, with two large Markets, and as many
Goftly Churches. 03/
The a//./., unfufl^erably ofprefs'd, flew all the %///; Garrifon, and
into

Ft:-' the

t23

Ter Strf'j Exploit.

C^jfroiCity.

Scream chili.

Breifer ijes.'

Strange accident;

Saldivia, a brave Cltf,

^B

-Sf

\Zd^

Why the Chilofes gi-ew

ftrange to the Hollanders.

A M E "Kl C A. Chap. III.

the Governor's Moiiih and Ears pourM melted Gold oFhis Skull they made

a
Dnnkins-cup , and of his Shin-bones, Trumpets after this, the City
fell al.
moft to decay, onely a great part of the Wall remain'd yet (landing :
The Chi.
leans hereupon flockM hither by thoufands, fome on Horfes, others on
Foot, all
Arm'd with Lances of a Foot long : Herkma?i hereupon inforn:iing them by
an
Interpreter that they being mortal Enemies of the Spaniards, would joyn
with
the Chileans\ozinik that common Foe and defirM, that they might build
a Fort
on the Market-place in ^aldivia, for a defence againft all Invafions,
and that
th'-y mipht be luppl/d with Provifions which the Fleet wanted j all
which the
ChiLns granted, and accordingly brought in ftore of Sheep, Hogs, and
Cattel:
But fo Toon as Berkman began to make the leaft mention of Gold, they
were
all abafli'd, and faid, that they knew of no Gold Mines, nay, their Hair
ftood
an end, when they heard the name of Gold 3 fo horribly the Spaniards had
dealt |
with their Parents : After this, the Chileans growing more and more
ftrange,
did not in the leaft countenance the building of the Fort, and the
longer the
Fleet ftaid, the lefs Provifions they brought aboard ; upon which, the
Ships
were neceiTitated, without any remarkable Exploits, to fet Sail and
return to

The

^'^^^^"^^"'^^

IZJ

ry of
land.

^J^oti-

Chap. L . ^ M E %^I C A.
Foreland, Cumberland Ijles, DaWs Straight, (^c. on this fide toward the
Jyfitck Grck,
(Buttons and !Brtggs Say, Hudjons Sea, otherwife termM Mare Chrlftianum,
out of
which more Wefterly runs a narrow Sea call'd Hudfons Straight : beyond
'nudfons
Sea towards the Aakk Circle is a place callM Nelip North-Wales . and on
this fide anfwerable to it, between buttons Bay and the Chriftian Sea, Iks lS(eTi^
South^Waks j all
which places we find generally fet down in the Jmerican Hemifphere, but
in the
Geographical Difirourfes thereof little is faid of them, iffomuchas
nam'd. The
farthcftpart of Land Northward, between Hudfons Gulph and Hudfons
Straight,
betwixt fifty feven and fixty Degrees of Northern Latitude, goes
generally by the
Name o^ Efiotiland, I mean that properly fo call'd (for Eftotiland is by
fome as'
largely taken as Qanada, by CluVerius, Golmt;^im, ^eter du Fal, and
others, namely for
all that Traa of Land extending from that fuppofed Straight of Jnfan,
which divides America from Jfiatick Tartary, as far as the utmoft point of Land
that (lioots
toward the Jtlantick Ocean) which Southerly towards Terra Lahoratoris is
bounded
with a River vulgarly c&Wd (^o ]>iey ado, or The Snowy ^tver, Eftottland
Cccms to
have dcriv'd its Name from its lying more Eafterly than the reft of the
Provinces,
and^ according as Noya Britannia is placM in fome Charts, might very
well be takcri
for the fame, though it hath not been fo terniM by any Author, but
rather Terra
Lahoratoris, Cortereatis, and No^a Britannia are, generally received to
be all one.
This Province is ^(Rrm'd hy Matthias Quad us, znd J, Jntonius Maginns,
to have F-fldifcove,
been the firft difcover'd Countrey of the new World, and that by Jmniu^
Zeno, a ^" " ''"
Patrician ofFenice, in the Year of our Lord 1390. which was long before
the Expedition of Co/m/.^, through the encouragement of ^ic/;;^, King of the
lile'^of
Frie^land ; but by whomfoever found out, or at whatfocver time, it is
commonly
affirm'dtobenotillfurnini'dwithProvifionsofall forts, as Beafts, Birds,
Fifii,
Fowl, and Fruits, having a Soil indifferent fertile, in refpcd of the
coldnefs of the
Climate. The People in general (for fome there are that live wild and

falvage up
and down the Woods, and go naked, whereas the Clothing of the Countrey
is the
SkinsofBeaftsandof Sea.Calves, call'd Mr/a) are reported not onely
tolerably
civil, but alfo ingenious and expert both in mechanick Arts, and other
neceffary
Faculties, infomuch that the firft Voyagers to this place are faid to
have obfeiVd of
them upon this firft Difcovery, That they fow'd Corn, brew'd Beer and
Ale, and
Traded by Sea to Greenland, Frie^and, and other places, to the diftance
of fifteen
hundred Miles 5 and that they were not altogether void of the ufc of
Letters but
that their Charader was onely proper to themfelves and not intelligible
by' any
other Nation : Moreover,there is a certain Tradition,that there was here
and there
lome httle knowledge of the Latine Tongue amongft them, and that there
were tound divers Latim Books in a Library of one of their Kings 5 the rcafon
of which
if true, is conjeaur'd to be from certain Europeans who underftood that
Language'
having in Ages paft fuffer'd fliipwrack upon thofc Coafts, where
chancing to abide
either through conftraint or choice, they might haply at their Deceafe
leave behind
them fome Books and other Monuments of the Latine Tongue. They were obferv'd to ufe fuch a kind of Javelin or fhort Dart, as was known to be
us'd by the
Peop e of J ay a, and fome other Iftands of the Eaft.hdtes whereupon
it feems not
wholly improbable, that they might for a long time have entertain'd
Traffick and
Correfpondence with them.
The Mor/es, or Sea-Calves before mentioned, are about the bignefs of a
young Defcnp
Heifer, the Hunting of which by the Natives, who take them in great
numbers i^ "'^'^^"'^"
to them in the ftead of Whale-filhing, which is not there fo good, for
they draw a
great quantity of Train-Oyl out of them. On each fide of the Jaw of this
amphi- . ^ bioos

ij

The Natura

of the People,

ption

mlk

128

AMERICA.

Chap. I.

11""

?;

iituatioH.

bious Creature (for it is faid to live very much on the Land,as well as
in the Water)
there (licks out a crooked Tusk, winding downward like an Elephants (?
roho[cts,
above a Cubit in length, and as white and hard as Ivory : It is efteem'd
of great
vertue at leaftit paffesfor fuch among thofe who take it for other than
what it is,
for it is frequently vended for Unicorns-horn 5 of which impofturc Dr.
^mvn takes
notice, and gives a Caution againft in his r/^^rrrori.
This Countrey is fuppos'd, and that probably enough, to have ftore of
Brafs and
Iron Mines . but for the Mines of Gold and Silver,which fome have imagin
d there,
the Northerly Situation of the Countrey, and by confequence the coldnefs
of the
Climate give fufficient caufe to queftion the truth of any fuch

alTertion. What
chief Towns, Cities, Rivers and Mountains there are in this Province, is
not yet
deliver'd by any, onely Af^^m^and Qudtis make mention of four principal
Rivers,
which difperfe themfelves through the Countrey, and take their fource
out of a
great Mountain in the midft thereof. ,
Sect. III.
Terra Laboratoris.
'^Erra Lahoratoris, by fome called Xiova Britannia, by others
Qorterealis, (though
there are fome who make Lahoratoris and Corterealis two diftind
Countreys,
comprehended, according to feter du Val, under Hoya 'Britannia, as the
more
creneralProvince J or, according to Cluye/m, under C^W^) lies from about
fifty
four to fifty feven Degrees of ^lorthern Latitude, between Eftotiland
and the River
Canada, which Maginm and fome others, though for what reafon is not
exprefs'd,
name Fretum trium Fratrum, The Bay of the three Brethren- others, Tk
(^Ver of
St. Laurence, and is, according to the faid Author, of fo vaft a
bignefs, that the
Mouth of it extends it felf thirty five Jt^/i4 Miles wide; likewife of
fiich a length,
as to have been navigated a continued Voyage of eight hundred Miles. The
deno.
mination o^ena de Lahorador, or Lahoratoris, feems probably enough
conje(5tur'd
to be from the cultivability (if one may fo term it) of the Soil, or its
aptnefs for
Cultivation or Tillage ; that is, becaufe by the painful Hand of the
Labourer or
Husband-man it may be rendred fo fertile, as to yield all forts of Grain
and Fruits
haply in allufion to that fruitful Countrey of Campania in Italy,
vulgarly known by
the Name o^ Terra dt Lavoro. As for the Appellation o^ Terra
Corterealis, it need not
be queftion'd, but that it derives it felf from Ga^ar Corterealis, a
Tortuguefe Gentle
man, who about the Year of our Lord 1500. is thought by fome to have
made the
firft difcovery of thefe Parts ; though Sir Sehafttan Cahot a Venetian,
is more generally
believM to have been the Man that (under the favour and countenance of
Henry
the Seventh, Km^ o^ England) firft difcover'd them, at leaft the
adjoyning Ifland
Terra Ko^a, or Isiet^^found Land - but juft onely difcover'd, being
hinder'd the far-

ther profecutionof that Defign, by the important Affairs in which the

faid King
was about that time involv'd ., neither did Corterealis, whether he was
the firft, or
came after, do any more, for returning within a year after his firft
fetting out, he
was never heard of; nor, as Oforius^fortuguefe Hiftorian writes, any of
his Company, bcina all fupposM to have been drown d by Shipwrack ; and in like
manner Michael \orterealis, who the year following fet forth with two Ships
in queft ol
his Brother Gaipar, Upon which feries of Misfortunes the fortugueje
being wholl)
difcouragd, and giving over this Defign, ihz French oUrmortca or Bretany
fucceec
them in it with fomewhat better fuccefs about the Year i504.whereupon it
came t(
b'

Chap. L

A M E%^I C A.

12 Sf

be tcrm'd ]S[j)Va ^ritatmia, or New Britain, The ancient Inhabitants of

this place
were formerly of a Nature, like the generality of the American People,
fomewhat
bruitifli and falvage, but by long converfation with the French, arefaid
to have
caft off their original wildnefs, and become more civilly manner'd :
they arc very
jealous of their Wives, by report much addided to Soochfaying, though
otherwife
having little of Religion, or of any other kind of Learning . they dwell
for the mofl:
part in Caves under Ground, kt^ chiefly upon Filli, and are accounted
moft expert Archers. Whatever places the French have builc here befides, thofe
of chiefeft
note are St. 'Marks y Cabo JMars^o, and 'Brefl,
Sect. IV.
Canada, or New France.

CAmia^ as it is taken for one and the fame Province with l^eip France^
contains Keip France, properly fo callM, l^oya Scotia, Kortimbega, and fome
adjoyning Iflands, as the Canada of CluVerimj lying more North-Wefterly,
comprehends (as we have already intimated) Eflmland, Laboratoris, and
Corterealis ,
and, according to the moft modern Divifion (for that of Cluyerim neither
confents with the lateft Authors, nor agrees withexaa Survey, it being
nam'd Canada
in refpcd the River Canada runs through it) hath on the North Terra
Corterealis on
the South Neiil? England, and on the Eaft the Ocean, and hath between
forty five
and fifty two or fifty three Degrees of Northern Latitude. The River
Qanada is
judg'd to be the largeft of all the Rivers o^ America, as thofe Rivers
generally the
largeft of all in the World befides ; it rifes in the Weftern parts of
this Province
which remain yet undifcover'd, and in fome places fpreads itfclf into
huge Lakes
fome of them a hundred Miles in compafs, with many little Iflands
difperfed
up and down in them, and fo running from the Weft about a hundred
Leagues,falls
at laft into the North part of 5f. Lawrence (Bay, hdng that wide
Emboucheure of thirty
five Miles breadth already mentioned. This River is extraordinary full
of Fifli;,
among which there is one fort more remarkable than the reft, called by
the Inhabitants Qadhothuis, having Heads refembling the Heads of Hares, and
Bodies as
white as SnoW; they are taken for the moft part before the Ifle de
Lievres. The
Countrey on both fides of the River is pleafant and indifferently
fertile, efpecially
towards the South- Weft, where upwards from the River the Ground rifes
into
many little Hills, invefted moft of them with Vines, with which and
feveral other
forts of Trees this Countrey abounds, being well water'd with a great
many lefler
Streams, all of them falling into the River Canada.
That this Countrey is term'd New France, from having been difcover'd by
the
French, at leaft more fully than before, there needs no queftion to be
made but
whether Joannes Ferra:^anm, under Francis the Firft of France, or
Sebaftian Cabot before
fpokenof, were the firft in this Difcovery, may admit of fome difpute :
the
Cabots indeed, (for John the Father is by fome mention'd to have
accompanied

his Son) who by all are own'd the firft Difcoverers o^ Ne^io- foundland ^nd Terra de
(Baccalaos, are alfo commonly reputed to have firft found out the
Province of ]>lew
France, together with fome parts adjacent, though perhaps it might be
upon this
Ground that Terra de NpVa, or New -found- Land, not being known at firft
to be an
Ifland, Nenj France and that might be taken for one continued Province ;
and it ap-pears fo much the more probable, becaufe Canada,ot Noya Francia, is by
fome call'd
Terr^NoV^; however it be, or whoever were the firft Adventurers,
Quarttri 2.nd
Chamj^lain

Sitoation.

Firft difco-;
very.

lUi^-

iXSM

11 1

13'

A M E'KI C A.

Chapi I.

Champlain ate the two French-men that have gain'd lomuch fame by making
a more
ample and particular fearch into thefe parts, that this Province may
feem from
thence to have fufficient claim to the Title of New France, whereof that
part more
efpecially To callM, lies on the North-lide of the River Canada, and
Southward to
Terra Corterealts. The Winter is here very long, and fo much the more
fevere by
reafon of a cold North-Weft Wind which blows moft part of the Winter
Seafon,
and brings with it fo thick a Snow, that it continues upon the Ground
moft commonly till after May. The Countrey is for the moft part wooddy, but in
tlve
Champain parts thereof very fruitful of Corn, and all forts of Grain,
efpeci-.iy
Pulfe : It hath alfo Fifli, Fowl, wild Deer;, Bears, Marterns, and Foxes
in s Hundance, and of Hares fuch plenty, that one of the little Iflands
belonging to thi^ Province, is by the Frenchn2Lmd V IJle des LieVres, or The Ifland of
Hares : But the moft
peculiar Commodity belonging to this Countrey is the Efurgnuy^ a kind of
ShellFifh, extraordinary white, and approved of lingular vertue for the
ftanching of
Blood ; to which purpofe they make Bracelets of them, not onely for
their own
ufe, but alfo to vend them to others ; hut.'john de Laet aiid others
have obfcrvM no
other than a fuperftitious ufe of them amongft the Salvages, in their
Funeral Rites
for the Dead : the manner of their taking it is very remarkable ; for
when any one
is condemned to die, or taken Prifoner, they cut ofFall his flefhy parts
in long dices,
and then throw him into the River, where they let him lie twelve hours,
and ac
laft pulling him out again find his Wounds full of Efurgnui, Quadm and
Maginus
make mention of three ancient Towns, namely Canada (denominated as the
Province, from the River) Hochelai and Hockhelaga, giving Name to a
Territory about
it, which Geographers either take no notice of, or make fom.e queftion
of the being of fuch Towns 5 howcver,a late Dcfcriber of the IVefl-Indies, not
mentioning
the other two, gives this defcription of the laft, W;<.. Hock/;e%4 :
" This City(faith hejfaid to be the Seat and Refidence of a King of this
Country
" whom the Natives, at leaftfome of them, acknowledge and reverence,
carrying

"^ him fometimes in great pomp upon their Shoulders fitting upon a
Carpet of
'' Beafts Skins, is fituate far within Land, at a diftance of fix or
feven Leagues from
'* the River Canada, and is a kind of fortifi'd place,encompafs'd about
with a three<^ fold Range of Timber Ramparts one within another, of about two Rods
high
*' from the Ground,with crofs Planks,or pieces of Timber jutting out, on
purpofe
<^ to hinder an Enemy's Scaling or getting up j towards the top there is
as it were a
<* Scaffold or Gallery fram'd, from whence they may throw down Stones
(of which
" there is always good ftore ready, or what elfe to annoy the Aflailants
: It hath
" one onely Gate for Entrance, and thatlikewife well fortifi'd after
their manner :
There are guefs'd to be in it fifty or fixty great Houfes^ built (as the
maner of the
<' Americans that live inHoufesufually is) in a fquare Figure, each fide
being about
** fifty Foot long, or more, and fixteen or twenty broad, but not many
Stories
" high and inthemidft of the Court or void fpace, a place to make
their Fire,
*^ and do other neceflfary work about it. Moreover the Territory round
about
'* this Town is both rich in Soil, and pleafant in Profped.
Befides thefe three above-mention'd Towns there are feveral others,
which arc
not untaken notice of in the moft modern Defcriptions and Maps, vi;^,.
i. Stadac,
or Stadacone, fomewhat Weft ward of a fmall Ifle caird The Ifle d'
Orleance ; z. Queheque, which being made a Colony of the French, and the Natives
expell'd, came to
be Entituled St. Croix j 3. Tadouffac ,\n\\\c\\ lies in that part of the
Countrey denominated from the River Saguenay, and by feme call'd at this day KouVelle
Bifcaye,z delightful place, and full of ftately Trees, and hath likewife a good and
fafe Haven,
capable

iliiiiiii

Chap. I.

A M E%^I C A.

capable of receiving twenty Ships/ 4. rrois <^Vier\s, or three Rivers.

5.
nd>^ 6. Stlkry. y-^cheltew^ befides tvio ftrong Caflles or Forts,
Franceroy and
Sc, Uwis:, the Firll built by Monfieur %phey>al at his Landing here,
about the
Year 1540. the other defign'd for a Colony, in the Year 1611. by
Monfieur
Champlany, but hindered by the Invafion of the Iroquois. The fmaller
Rivers that
runout of the Gulph of St. Lamence , and the grand River a^^^ towards
the
North, on which fide chiefly lies this Province, are, 1. Onchefedec, 2.
St. Manante
3. Lefquemm, ^.Saquenay, before-mention'd, 5. Montonne and on the
South fide the
River Mary. The principal Tribes of the ancient Natives of this Countrey
were. on the North fide of C.^^^ the Canadans, the ^etiftamkes, the Hurons,
the Al^onlqums
the Qumongehlns, the Algoinge quins, the Attagopantans, the
Atticameques, the Ntpifirtmens'
and on the South fide, the Etechemins, and the chief Heads or Princes of
thefe Tribes
were call'd Sagamores.
Jaques Quartter Complementing their King Agouthanna, took up his
Quarters a
whole Winter at St. Croix, a Sandy Promontory, overflowed by the River
Canada,
into which falls the Lake^g Champlain, grown round about with Cheflinut
Trees'
in it breeds the fl:range Fifli call'd Chaoufarou, generally ten Foot
long, with Heads
like Sharks, and two rows of Teeth in their Mouths, their Skins full of
ftrong
Scales, which are fuflicient Shields againfi: Swords and Lances, are
great devourers
of other Fifli and Fowls, which they take after this manner, o^i^. they
fwim amongfl: Reeds or Canes, and lie fl:ill with their Mouths open j whereat
the Birds
fitting down upon them, are immediately fwallow'd
The Natives of Nova Francia anoint their bodies with Oil fn the Summer

they
; go naked, and in the Winter mantle themfelves in Furs. Their Warlike
Accoutre: iBmts are Darts and Clubs, but chiefly great Shields. They are
revengeful, cruel
and fraudulent ; their Women common to all Men, from fifteen to twenty
after
which, Marrying, they become very Chafte. Their Diet is Indian Corn,
frefh and
fait Fifli, Vcnifon, (Buffalo's and Btavers flefli wiping their
Fingers (when greafie)
on their Heads, or their Dogs backs, which wait for the Scraps.
At that feafon when the Corn covers the ground,to any heighth,they eat
Cockles
Dogs, dead Caryon, and the Skins wherewith they Clothe themfelves. When
they
have eaten^their fill, they tabering on their Bellies, cry^Tapoue
Miki^oun, that is, Ve^
rtly I am fatisfd. They give their Sick a fpeedy Cure, either
immediately kiUing
them , or inhumanely expofing them to the Woods, to be devour^ by
ravenous
Beafts, but if they die fuddenly, they in howling tone pronounce Ove,
Ove thereby
to chafe the Souls of the Deceas'd out of their HutSj they ftick the
bodies on Wood,
den Prongs, cover them with Bark, and lay their Clothes and Arms by them

all what remains of the Funeral Feafts is burnt, whereas at other times,
what e're
is brought on their Table they eat, though ready to burfl:. They make
the firft
Proofs of their Valour by undergoing a mofl prodigious Torment, in this
manner ; Two by confent tie their naked Arms together, .on which they
fuffer burning
Sulphur to bepourM, till the flefli fl:arts from the bone- if either of
them flirink
or pull back his Arm, he is accounted by them ever after as an
ignominious and
bafe Coward. They call God Jtahocan, and believe that one C^efu firfl:
drowning
the world by a general Deluge, reftor'd it again after a wonderful
manner y^z
Meffou hunting with Wolves, they fcented a Deer which being clofely
purfu'd
leap'd into a neighboring Pool, the Wolves following it, were drown'd
Meffou
coming thither, Hood amazM at a Bird, which informed him, that the
Wolves
were pluck'd down, and held fall in the bottom by horrible Monflers,
whereupon he diving, the Pool immediately began to fwell, and at la ft the
whole fur face

31

Strange Fi/h
nam'd Chaou-

Strange
proof of Valor.

Wonderful
opinion of
God.

"iltr.

IJi

A M E'Kl C A.

Cliap. I

Sorcerers.

Theyboaft
their Extract
from Heaven.

Their ftrange
Relation concerning it.

As alfo of
the Crcariont
and Souls of
the Dcceafed.

Strange
Rock,

Thunder;

thHkht(\ an
Idol.

funeral'Fcaft

face of the Earth to be overflow'd. Uefu afterwards let a Raven flie to

fetch a
Clod of Earth, but in vain, for all the Land lay drown'd in Water ; at
laft a Rat
divine to the bottom, brought a lump of Earth , cut of which K./oh
reftor'd the
World, fliot Arrows into Trees, which became fruitful Branches. Here
alfo refide an innumerable many Sorcmrs, call'd Whrni, which fometimes being
poffefs'd with a Frenzy, fcourge themfelves in a terrible manner, mforauch
that the
Blood runs down by their fides : Thefe People are held in great efteem
for they
boift themfelves to have their Original from Heaven upon this occafion,
-^<^.
Juenftc a certain great Queen or Goddefs, refiding above the Stars, had
a lick Hufband' who Dreamt that he fhould be reftor'd to his former health fo foon
as he
could but tafte of the Fruits which grew on a Tree , whereby the Family
of Heaven were kept alive, but that the Tree muft needs be cut down, which
Atacnftc
obeying gave onely two blows, when the Tree, to her great amazement,

fell out
of Heaven down to the Earth ; there being by this means nothing more
left to eat
in Heaven : Atamftc follow^ the fallen Tree, and being big with Child,
bare a
Daughter, which growing up to years, was Deliver'd of two Daughters v,^.
Tmyifuron ^ndjou^hh^, the eldeft of which flew the youngeft : By thefe
Fables we
may difcern their obfcure knowledge of Hpah's Flood, Eye's Fall, and
Q.'s Murder. No lefs ridiculous is that which they believe concerning the
Creation, \'t^.
That the Waters were inclos'd within a Frog, which Jouskeha caufing to
be cut open,
all Streams and Rivets iffuing out , had their Original from thence :
This done,
Jonskeha open'd a Pit, out of which came all forts ofBeafts ; they
afcr.be a Bodily
flrape to the Soul, as alfo Immortality, but that they live together m a
great
-Village tt)wards the Weft ; from which removing fometimes, they knock
at the
Doors of their former Friends in the Night, and fow deferted Grounds :
That the
Tourney towards the Village in which the Souls refide is very ftrange ;
the High,
way thither beginning at a Rock nam'd Ec-e.me^. , where they firft
Paint their
Faces which done, they go to a Hut inhabited by an old Man, nam'd
Ofotr^ch,
who takes the Brains out of the Souls Head ; after which they walk to a
broad Ri.
ver which they crofs on a narrow Plank or Bridge, on which a Dog
encountnng,
forces them to leap into the Water, which carries them down to the
foremention'd
Village They acknowledge one Oki for the Governor of the Sea, and
feafons of
the Year They alfo Rcligioufly Worftiip the Rock Tfankchi Arafta,
which they
believe fothe ages ago was once a Man, but afterward Ttansform'd imo a
Rock,
in which a D^mon refides, who can make their Journies either fucceisful
or dangerous, wherefore they offer him Tobacco. Their opinion or Thunder is
likewife very ridiculous, for they fay that the Devil endeavoring to vomit a
horrible
Serpent by ftraining to evacuate the fame, rents the Clouds, and
occafionsTnunderf La'ftly.They relate of a Dwarf call'd rhakabech, who climb'd on the
top of a
Tree which by his blowing thereon grew fo high, that it touch'd the
Clouds,
and rhakdech eafily ftept into them, where he found all forts of delight
and pleafure but having a Sifter on Earth, defcended again along the Tree, and

fetching
his Sifter conduced her above the Stars ; mean while, Ihakabed going in
the
Night to fee if he had taken any thing in his Net which he had pitch'd
found
it full of Fire , and obferving the fame very narrowly , faw that he had
taken
the Sun but d'urft not approach the fame, by reafon of its great beat ;
but making
a Moufe, fenc her to gnaw the Net in pieces, and fet the Sun at liberty.
Every
twelfth year they keep an extraordinary great Funeial-Feaft ; for on the
Set.time
they flock from all parts to the appointed place, every one carrymg
thither the Bodies or Bones of their Deccas'd Friends, wrapt up i.i Clothes, and hang
them over

tneir

\mmum

Chap. I.

<tA M E %^l C A.

their Meat, which they eat finging ; fuch fond and Superftitious
Conceits make up
the Religion of thefe poor deluded People.

3?

S E C T. V.
Accadia , or Nova Scotia.
NO\a Scotta, or 2\[eTb Scotland, formerly callM Jccadia, is commonly
accounted
a part o^ew Fra?ice, {vi;^, that part which lying on the South fide of
the
River Canada, and fhooting South-Eafterly into a bofom of the Sea, forms
itfelfinto a.femnfula, between the Gulph of St. Uwrence, and the Bay
Francoife)

ncverthelefs, becaufe of the different concernments of this part of the

Countrey, in
regard the right of claim to feveral places in thisdiftria, mofl
efpecially of all No.
Va Francla befides, hath been long in difpute between Us and the French,
it will be
moft convenient to Treat of it apart ; and becaufe the Series of
Affairs, from its
firft difcovery, till of late years, appears faithfully reprefcnted on
the EngUfh part,
in a Remonftrance Addrefs'd to the King and Council by Sir leW i^'r^,
and his
Brother John K^rk Efquire ; it will not be amifs (onely adding fome few
things upon occdion) to follow cxadly the Narration of Affairs, delivered in the
faid Remonllrance to this effed.

tc

T He whole Trad or Space of Land m America, lying on either fide of the

River Canada, which a long time fincc were known by the Names of
'< Ko^^a Francia, and Koya Scotia, were at firft difcover'd and found
out by the %.
" up?, m the time of Henry the Seventh , King of England j which
Expedition
" was firft undertaken at the Command and Charges of that Kingj
afterwards
'' further'd and carry'd on by the favorable Afped of Queen Eli^^abeth.
Co that in
" proccfs of time, for many years together, the faid Trad of Ground,'
with abfo'^ lute Priviledge of free Commerce, fell under the Jurifdidion and
Power of the
'* Crown o( England : Neither was it unto any other Chrijiian Princes,
or their Sub jeas more clearly known or difcover'd, untiU about the year 1600. fome
of the
" Frm/^underftanding the benefit arifing byTraffique in the River of St.
Laii^rence,
" having formerly feiz'd upon that Trad of Land, fituate on the North
fide of
^^^the faidFloudor River Canada, did afterwards, in Jnno 1604, (^e/the Qon^
'' dun 0/ Peter de Gua, Lord o/Monts, who in the year 1 606. ipo^
folloVd by Monfieur
'^ de Pourtrincourt) Poffcfs themfelves of U Jccadie, lying on the South
fide of
'' the faid River, naming the whole Isiova Francia, challenging to

themfelves for
'^ many years, at leaft de faHo, the Poffeflion thereof, with fole
liberty of Com.
"merce there.
" 2. In Anno \6ii. King James of England looking upon the Polfeffion
gotten
" there by the French, as upon an Invafion, did by his Letters Patents
Grant un" to Sir William Alexander a Scotchman ( Created afterwards Earl of
Sterling , by IQng
Charles the Firjl) U Jccadie, by the Name o^JS^oya Scotia ; who in the
year 1 6i%,
'' and 161^. after Sir Szmud Argzl had dri^^en out Kurd and Usiffc, and
demoUJhitig their
" Fort , c^rry'd them frifoners to Virginia j having obtained the
Poffeffion thereof,
" they Planted a Colony therein, and kept Poffeffion for about two years
after,
" until fuch time, as upon the Marriage of his Majefty King Charles the
Firft, with
" the Lady Henrietta Maria, the faid U Accadie, or KoVa Scotia, was by
Order of the
" King of Bigland return'd into the Pofieffion of the Fre?ich.
'[ 3. Afterwards a War arifuig between his Majefty King (;/;4r/^f the
Firft, ^^d

MMf mii~iii

IBI

if

I m.

154.

A M E'K^ C A.

Chap. I.

cc tovinhe Xlll. Anno 1627, and 1628. Sir Vavd K^rk and his Brethren and
Relacc ,io,,s oF England, did by vertue of his Majeftie's CommifTion, lend
to Sea (at their
u cren charae) flrft three, afterwards nine Ships, with Tariike
Preparations for
- recovering ofthePoffeflion of the faid Lands, lying on either fide of
the faid
- River a/4,and to expel and ejed all the Fnnch Trading in thofc Parts,
wherein
^' thev had aood Succefs ; and in Jnno 1627. did there feize upon about
eighteen
^'oftheFm^cl; Ships, wherein were found a hundred thirty five Pieces of
Ord'' nance defign'd for relief of the <^oyal Fort in U Jccadte , and
Quebeck in HpVa
^^ Franaa under the Command o^Monfieur de %ocmand, and lionfteur de la
Tour, Fa.
^< ther of ^e la Tour, Governor of the faid ^^oyal Fort, whom, together
with the faid
c^ Ships and Guns, they brought into England j and in the year 1628.
they PofTetsM
<' themfelves of the whole Region of Canada or ^oya Franaa, fituate on
the North
fide of the River, together with the Fort or Caftle o( Qneheck, Sir
Le^vis E^trk be<^ ing then conftituted Governor of the place, the French bein^ then
either expell'd
^< or convey'd into England, and the Arms of the King of England being
publickly
" there ereded, and every where plac'd ; and before the year 1628. it
was brought
'^ to pafs by the faid Sir William Jlexander, (affifted both by the
advice and charge
'' of the faid Kjrk) that in the parts of T Accadie, or Nova Scotta, on
the South fide
^< of the River Canada, the whole place, with the Forts thereon built,
being by him
<' fubduM, prefently came under the Power of the King of E?igland . that
Region
<' on the South fide falling into the PoffefTion of the faid Sir
lVtllta?n Alexander, and
" that on the North fide, into the Poffeffion of the I{irks,
'^ 4. On Uarchzcf. 1632. a Peace being concluded between King CWi^i
the
*' Firft,'and Lewis the XIII. it was amongft other things on the part of
the King of
En<rllnd agreed, That all the Forts, as well in V Accadie as in Uo^a
Francia, fhould
be'^reftor'd into the PofTeffion of the Subjeds of the French King ,
which was ex aaly perform^ on the part of the Englijh, though to the great damage

of the
<' J^rks . but on the part of the French, although it was agreed, as in
the fourth and
' fifth Articles of Peace is fetdown, (to which reference is had) yet
nothing was
ever performed of their parts ^ fo that the l\irks did thereupon
fuffer lofs, to the
'^ value of five thoufand Pounds Sterl which were to be paid them by
Uonfieur de
' Cane a Frenchmunjhut remain unpaid to this day.
^' <' 5. >mo 1633. the King of E?2g/W taking notice, that although the
Forts and
Caftles, according to the League, were deliver^ up into the PoifeiTion
of the
<' French, '(efpecially fuch as had been ereded during their Poffeflion
thereof) yet
<' that his Englijh Subjeds were not to be excluded from Trade or free
Commerce,
" in thofe Regions that were firft DifcoverM and PoifefsM by his
Subjec1:s, did,
<' with the advice of his Council, by his Letters Patents, Dated Uay 11.
1633. upon
" confideration had of the Expences, which the faid iQrks had laid out
upon the re*'ducingofthatCountrey with the Fort of (2iiekd> to the value of
50000'^- j and
'^ alfo of their ready obeifance in refigning up the fame on his Royal
Command,
<' Grant unto Sir Lei,is l<Qrk , and his Brother JohnlQrk and his
AiTociates, for the
^^ term of thirty one years (not yet expired) full Priviledge, not only
of Trade and
<^ Commerce in the River Canada, and places on either fide adjacent, but
alfo to
'' Plant Colonies, and build Forts and Bulwarks where they fihould think
fit.
''6. By vertue of which Commiffion, Sir LeVis IQrk and his Brother John
'' l<jrk, and his Affociates, in the Moneth o^ February next following,
Vi^. in 1633^. ^
" fet forth a Ship call'd the Merry Fortune, Laden with Goods of a
confiderable va- '
'' lue, confian'd to thofe parts, where during her Trading there,
without any juft

^^ offence given ; and in time of Peace, Hie was by the French forceably
feiz'd on,
and

itmtmi

Chap. IF. . ^^ Af E %^I C A,

and carry'd into Vrance^ and her Lading, as if (lie had been lawful
Prize, Confix
fcatedj whereupon the i(/Hyfuifer'd iofs, to the value of twelve
thoufand Pounds,
'f And although the Lord Scudamorej Ambaflador in France^ by the Kina of
Engl and s
*' fpecial Command, and the faid John I\jrk being there in Perfon, by
the Kina's
'' Command, did often earneftly urge, that the Moneys due to the faid
I{irksj and
" the laid Ship;, with her Lading, might be reftor'd, which for no other
caufe had
*^ been feiz'd upon and fold, but only for that by the King's CommilTion
(lie Was
'"^ found Trading at Canada j yet he could obtain nothing, buc after
fome years
^^ fruitlefs endeavors returned into England without accompliOiinr^ his
delires.
'* 7. In the year 1(^54. Crommel, although an unjufl Ufurper of the
GoVernment,
^^ yet upon confideration of the Premifes, taking a jufl occafion for
rec|uiring the
" PolTeilion of L' Jccadte, fends forth feveral Ships under the Command
of one
'^ Sedg-ii?ick, who by vertue of the Authority granted him by Cromwel, a
(faulted and
" fubdu'd the aforefaid Forts in No-va Scotia, and reftor'd them into
the PofTelTion
" of the EngliJJ? : And although in the year K^^J. a League of firm
Peace and Amity
'' being concluded between Cromwel and the French King, the French
Amba'Jador
" did often urge the Reftitution to the PoiTellion of the French-, yet
for the fame caa.
" fes aforefaid, which had mov'd Qromwel to feize upon them, it was
thought fit dill
" to retain the Pofleffion of them j and although according to the
purport of the
'* twenty fifth Article of the Peace, Commi/Tioners on both fides were
to be ap-

" pointed for the deciding and determining that Controverficj yet
nothing was
'''done therein, neither did the Commiffioners ever meet within three
Moneths, as
" in the twenty fourth Article of the Treaty was provided and agreed :
So that ^
" now the cafe is very clear,that the PoiTefTion to the Englifh x^mzins
firm and jufl,
" and thac the Forts and Bulwarks before fpecifi'd, are without all
peradventure
" under the Power and Jurifdidion of the King of England,
Since the Reftailration of his prefent Majelly, the French AmbaOldor
reprefenting unto the King the Pretenfions of the French unto the feveral Forts
and other
places in y^cc^J.'^ , and urging the non-performance of the Articles of
Agreement
between Ol'mr Cromwel and the French King, mov'd the King of England, Js
a pro
fef'd Enemy to all Violence, for a Reftitution of all the Forts and
other places which
were then in the poflefTion of the Englifl} : Not long after which,
whether upon the
AmbafTadors requefi:, or upon other important Affairs intervening, or
upon what
other ground foever it were, the French were fuffer'd to re-enter on the
forefaid
places, and do yet keep Pofleffion of them, till fuch time as the BigUp
claim under
the juft Title of the ^irks, fhall meet with fome fit occafion of being
reviv'd.
That which we fiippofe gives the French fo much the more confidence in
their
claim of this Country, is their prefumption upon the Expedition of James
Quartier,
whom they will have to be the firil Difcoverer, if not PofieiTor , not
onely of the
Ille of Jjfumpiion, but alfo of this Coaft of NoVa Francia, not taking
notice it feems .
ot Sehajiian Cahot, under H^wrj; the Seventh.
The chief places of Note in this Countrey, are, i. fort<^yal, a Colony
of French^
faid to have been Planted there by Uonfieur de Mont:^[n 1604. by report,
capable of
receiving a thoufand Ships j and in 1613. (the French being driven out
by Sir Satnueljrgal, Governor o^ Ftrgmia, who took Prifoners iSiW and M?/^, and
demolilliM the Fort at Tort^^/) given by Patent, as aforementioned, to Sir
William Jlexander afterwards by him fold again to the French ; then in the time of
Oltver Crom^
ml re-taken by Major Sedgwick ; laftly, re-poffefs'd by the French %.
St. Lukes Say,

or Tortua Mouton. 3. Gaf^e, or Cachepe. 4. The Hayen ofPajfe^ay. 5. The

^aj de Toutes

Is. ^

yrie* V.

155

J M E "1^1 C J.

Chap. I.

Remarkable
manner of Ji-

Quanhr's
Expedition.

Scurvy ,
when known.

i' |J

Exploit 'of
dt lit R.oque.

f)i til Moms,

IJlcs. 6.rhcFortdelaHeVe. 7,Th Q^^e of Salle. ^J('lchin the SoULhern

Point Forc/;,
lies the Ide Lotigu, which boafts of a Silver Mine.
^ The mod noted Peopleof the ancient Inhabitants o^ Jccadie were the
Iroquois, \f^
ing moil South-Wefterly upon the Sea Coafif, who us'd to drive a great
Trade in
Beavers and other Commodities.
Wefterly before the River ChoVacoet lies Bacchus Ijle, full of
Vineyards.
The Inhabitants thereof differ very much from other Salvages, for they
fliavc
all the Hair from the Crown of their Head, wear long Locks behind,
pleited toaether, and ftuck full of Feathers, Paint their Faces black and red, go
arm'd with
Clubs,' Bows, Pikes, and Arrows pointed with Fiflri.bones : They Till
their
Groun'd very handfomly, and divide their Fields with Hedges ; they Plant
Tobacco. Vines, Cabbages, Ud^y and divers Coloured Beans 5 the ftalks of
theMi^;^
ferve in ftead of Poles for their Beans to run up upon.
Beyond Ca^e de %oder lies the brave Harbor ^eauj^ort, which is fecur'd
from all
Winds by an Ifle which lies in the midfl of it. The Countrey Manur'd in
moft places, and Fruitful, feeds (lore of Men and Cattel.
The Haven of Malabar is furrounded in a manner with little Huts, cover'd
with
Mats, which in the Middle of the Room have a hole for the Smoke to go
out at.
The Southern fliore is Sandy, and very dangerous.
For the more full exemplification of what concerns this part o^NoVa
Francta, we
fhall conclude with an account of all Material PafTages relating to
zhtFrench, from
their own Narrations as followeth.
THe fira difcoverer of this Coafl was Jacims Quartkr, fent out Anno
1534. by the
French King, Francis the Firft, ia which Expedition he fpent five Months
; and
going from thence to Sz.Male, difcover^d the \n\tt Lam ence, Terr eneuf,
and Naufcotec.
The following year profecuting his Voyage, he Sail'd into the great

River Canada,
andWinterM near St.Cmx,where he lofl divers of his Men by the Scurvy,a
Diflemper till that time altogether unknown and fuch was his condition,
that none of
his Men had efcap'd with life, had not the Inhabitants taught him to
cure the fame
with the Bark and Leaves of the Tree Jnnedda ; with which many
recovering,
Quartter Weighed Anchor, and treacheroufly carry d the King "Donnacona
with many
of his Nobles, Prifoners to France ; but moft of them dying, Quartier
brought only
a few of them back with him in his third Voyage, fix years after the
firft,when arlivingin the Haven St. (joix, he cafl up a ftrong Fort, which he nam'd
Charles^
hourg (^oyal, where he flaid a whole Winter. Joan de la (^oque, whom the
French
King had made Governor of Quartier's new-difcovet'd Countries, Sailing
thither
with three Ships, met with Quartier's Fleet near Terreneuf from whence
he was
then going home, becaufe he law no hopes of fubduing the Salvages with
fo fmall
a Force as^'he had brought with him from France, But de la ^ocjue
endeavoring to
make a further difcovery of a.^4, Sail'd up the River Saguenay, where
fpending
both time and Money, he was Commanded home by the French King, and the
fruit*
lefs Expeditions lay dead till about 1604.
Whcnfeterde Monts obtaining Letters Patents to Trade for Furs in the
foremention'd Countries, Sail'd with two Ships beyond Jccadie, up St.
LafPrence ^^ay,
where he Landed on the lOe St. Croix, where of ninety feven Men, with
which he
flaid there a whole Winter, he loll thirty five but having frefh
Supplies fcnt him
from France , he removed to fort %oyal, where leaving forty Men, he
return d
home 5 thefc forty being reducM to twenty three, and in great want,
walking alons the Sea.Oiore in a dcfpairing condition, efpy'd a Ship coming up
with full
^ Sail,

Chap. L ^ ^{ M E %_.! C J,
Sail^ which upon nearer approach, pi-ov-d a French Vcilel, of which
foutnncourt
was Commander, who receiving his wretched Gountrey.men with f7reat joy,

took
them with him to Tort ^pyal^ being fent thither on purpofe to fettle a
Plantation
in Jccadie : Meanwhile the Letters Patent granted to Moms, beinor call'd
in the RrPc
planters in Tort ^oyalwcvc forc'd to defert the fame^ and return home 5
and alfo
ToHtrincoiirt returning, came back again three years after to fort
%oyal^ where finding the Houfes (landing as he had left them, he ManurM the Coimtrcy all
about,
and endeavoring to Plant Chrifilanky among the Natives,, Chriften'd
amono- others
an Accadian Lord, who was above a hundred years old j all which
foutriucoHrt Sailing back to France^ related at the Court.
The y^/w/fi being alfo inform'd thereof, obtain'd leave of the Qneen to
fend
feter Biard and Euemoiid Majje thither, on pretence/ that Hnirj)/ the
Fourth had him^
felf promis'd them the fame Priviledge in his Life time. But the
Merchants at Diep^
which were cjoncern'd in the new Plantations with Toutrincourt,
oppofincj the cto=
ing over of the foremention'd Jefuits, exprefs'd themfelves very violent
againd
them, and laid totheir charge the Blood of the late King, which they
faid was
yet reaking in Taris : What ajfurance (alleadg'd they) had their Goods
iphkh i\)ere in the
Cuftody of MeniiicUnd to the Spaniards'^ Muft the Chriftian, Religion he
promuUated ?
There are Jo many Orders 0/ Monks li>hich may eafdj produce tli>o Men j
hut if the Queen -^as
refolVd to fend Jefuits thither, they defird reftauration of the Monies
l^hich they had dtf^
hurs'd : To which Biard and Majfe harkening , gathered up the demanded
Monies, under pretence of being required towards the Preaching of the
Gri/?w/7 %/i.
^ion amongftthefe remote Fieathens 5 by this means getting great
Sums^they boughc
out the foremention'd Merchants, fo that the new Plantations fell half
to thejefuits, who fetting Sail, and arriving at Tort ^oyal, turned all things
topfiturvy,
and fo thwarted Toutrincourt in his defigns, that he was forc'd to
complain to the
French Court of the Jefuits opprefTion, whofe aim it was to get all
thinas into their
own Pofle/Tion 5 w^hereupon they Excommunicated foutrincourt's Son (who
ferv'd
in his Father's place at Court, and oain d the Duke GuereheVdle in
Frofice to be of
their Party, by promifing him, that he fliould fliare in the new
Plantations for a

contracted Sum of Money : After this they received all fores of Arms and
Ammu-^
nition, with feveral Brafs Guns, of the rhen King Le^wthe XIII. and
other gifts
Colleaed and gathered out of their feveral Societies, for two new
Acadian Apoftles. Gilbert dti Thetj a fubtile man of the fame Order, tranfported
their Neceffaries. ~
At this time all things going favorably with the Jefuits, they made
themfelves
Mailers of Tort ^oyal, and began to raife a Fort on the River Temta^ovet
; but there
their happy Proceedings were llop'd, for Captain Jrgal before-mention'd,
Sailing
thither in vindication of the En^HJI? , was encountered by du Ihet, (who
firing the
Bx^ Gun on Argal, was by him taken off with Chain.fliot ) and taking
Si^ri and
Map, carry 'd them Prifoners to Virginia, and difmantled the Fort built
at Tort%py.
al, after which it was by King James ^iy en hy Patent to Sk William
Alexander, as
hath been already related, together with what of moll remarkable hath
happen^
fince.

y.j

Oi Poiityincourt. -

Remarkable Tr.iniath'
om of fume

0-3

b E G T.

n^

J M E R I C J.

Chap. !

whence denvjiBinaied.

Towns and
Cities not
certainly
known.

Sect. VI.

orumbegiia.

'Orumhe^ua, lying between Nova 5corij Northward, and Ne> England Southward"^ is' Co utterly not taken notice oFby many as a diftind" Province,
th.it it might feem to be fwallow'd up and loft in the two Countreys between which it lies, or at leaft to be thought a part ofFtrgima or New
England (for
F"^n2ia laraely taken is faid to contain Nen^ England, NoVum Mgium, and
Vtrgtma,
efpecially focall'd) and that fomuch the rather, becaufe the <Beffabees,
accounted by
Sanjm d' AhkVtlk an ancient People of Heiv England, are written to have
liv'd near
the Pviver Tenobfcot, which is reckoned to be the fame with (pemtegom,

or (as fome
will have it) Kormnhegua, from which, or from a certain great City of
that Name,
the Country for fancy^s fake muft needs be denominated ; but fince moft
com.
monly we find it nam'd and treated of apart, it will not be improper to
follow
that method, carrying the Bounds of New England no farther Northward
than the
River Qutnnebcquior: Sagadahoc, and fo determining the main part of this
Countrcy
to that fpace between the aforefaid River and Temtegom, excepting a
fmall Southerly portion upon the Banks of the River aoV^com ; fo that it appears
chiefly
fituate under the forty third Degree of Northern Latitude.
As for the Towns or Cities of this Province, there is but a very
uncertain account to be given, forafmuch as the pretended great City Norumhegua,
from whence
the Province Oiould take its Appellation, is not acknowledged by any of
the moft
authentick modem Writers, norin any late Voyage or Difcovery any mention
made either of that or any other confiderable Town or City. Dr". Beyltn
fuppc
feth it to be no other than Jggunaa, a poor little Village, that feems
compost of a
company of Hutts cr Sheaves, covered with the Skins of Beafts, or the
Barks of
Trees. But the, moft favourable conjedure is, that it might haply be the
Ruines
of an ancient Town, which the Natives call'd Jramheck, and had probably
defertcd
it long before the arrival of the Europeans in thofe parts however, it
is not very
probable that the Name of the Countrey fhould be deriv'd from this City,
if ever
there were any fuch, or from the River, which appears to have been termM
Norumhegua on purpofe to make way for this derivation, whereas fo?ntegoyet
is the ancient Appellation that properly belongs to it j nor hath any modern one
been apply'd to it but that of ^lo Grande, by Buno in his Comment upon fhilip
CluVenu^, upon
what ground is hard to tell, fince it is obferv'd by Heylm and others,
to be neither
large, nor otherwife much to be commended, being Navigable not above
twenty
or thirty Miles, in refpea of its many great Cataraas and Falls of
Water, an Inconvenience with which many other Rivers oUmenca^tc prejudic'd, and
rendred
impaflable.

Before and about the Mouth of this River, which is judg'd to be about
eight or
nine Miles broad, lie many fmall Iflands, or rather Hills, inviron'd
with Water,
the chiefeft of which is by the French callM La Haute Ijle, from the
high and Moun^
tainous appearance of it to thofe that fee it from afar off at Sea.
TheaforementionM!B/o/o, though he names, as belonging to Nomw^^^.t,
thefe
feveral places, vi^- foyto del Refugio, Torto (^ale, Tarad,fo, Flora,
and Angolema, from
fome obfcure French teftimonies, without particularifing any Author, yet
he afterwards confclTes, that the Names given by the French, and thofe applyM by
the 5p^.
?2/Wy, are fo various and difagreeing, and breed fuch a confufion, that
no Charts
As
or Defcriptions had concluded upon either.

liMi

Chap. II. . A M E%^1 C A.

As for thofe who will have Korumhega derived from Nor^)^cgia, in refped
of a Co
lony brought thither from ?{prwey, if the Etymologic be not a little too
much
forc'd, the Invention may pafs well enough till a better be found out.
In this Countreythe temperature of the Air is not bad;, nor the Soil
unfruitful,
if it were well cultivated, chiefly towards the Rivers, and where it is
not either
overgrown with Woods, or craggy with Hills and mountainous Rocks :
neither
are the Woods unprofitable, for they afford good Timber^, and all kind
oF neceflary
and ufeful Wood, efpecially Beeches, Fir-trees, Wallnut-trees, and other
Nuts :
The Plains are very pleafant, and yield good Pafturage, onely the
Maritime Coafts
are fo (hallow and full of Sands, that the Sailing near them is
accounted fomewhat dangerous J and this may be imagined to be the reafon that no
Authors have
yet met with any Ports or Havens belonging to this Countrey, which they
have
thought w^orthy their notice.

rature and
ri.iture ot its
Soil

j3.x jj^, A*. j*, jf**, j^. *> jh. j^.

^r/= ^> ^^ ^^ ^^ ^ni ^'i i*"* ^"^ ^^ if"^ ^^ C\ ^'^ ^^ ^^ ^<i* ij^'i ^i
ink ^\ ^** ^^ if*'^ ^"i ^"^ ^*^ ''" "'^ '%< ^ rty tfn ifn j^ ^

' mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmimi mmmmmmlm

CHAP. 11.

ew

'^

As Catiada is by fome accounted a general Province, containing IS^ew

France^
V Mcadie ^'^rumhegaj and other places, fo under Virginia largely taken,
are
comprehended l>{ew England^ Neli? ]S[etherlandsj and Virginia properly
fo
calPd 5 however, fincethat part which vulgarly goes under the Name of
F^rgiw^
and NeliJ England were poflefs'd, if not difcover'd, at feveral times,
and their Plantations promoted and propagated upon feveral occafions, and by diftind:
Interefls,
and fince ]>(eT^ England hath been look'd upon as a place confiderable
enough for
Perfonsof very eminent quality to concern themfelves in it, we rather
are induced
to confider this Countrey as a principal part, than as any way
depen^inor on, or
being any Branch or Portion of /^^r^m/^.

It lies between IS^prumhega, which it hath Northward, and New

Netherlands South- situation of
ward, trom forty one to forty five Degrees of Northern Latitude, in the
midft of ^''^the temperate Zone, and paralell to France and fome part of Italy in the
Weftern
Hemifphere, fo that one would think it fhould enjoy the fame temperature
of
Air ; but the contrary is found, for that part which borders upon the
Sea is colder,
partly by reafon that the Sea-waves break the reflexion of the Sunbeams, partly
by reafon of the abundance of Vapors, which mounting upward, abate the
ardor
of them 5 but the more Inland parts of the Countrey are indifferently
warm:
Moreover it hath been found by certain experience, that thofe Countreys
which
look towards the Eafl, or Sun-rifing, are colder than thofe which lie
towards the
Wefl:, or Sun=fetting, and thofe that have the Evening Winds on them,
warmer
than thofe which have the Morning Winds j which being fo, it fhould
follow,
that the temperature of the Air in thofe Regions is peculiar to the
Bodies of thofe
of our Nation, who being accuflom'd to a Climate fomewhat temperate, are
neither able to endure extremity of Cold, nor immoderate Heat : Yet there
are who
affirm, th^iNei? England^ though fituate in the midfl: of the temperate
Zone, never.
thelefs feels both extremities of the two oppofite Zones, in the Summer
the heat
of the Torrid, and in the Winter the cold of the Frigid.
As for thefirfl:difcovery of this Countrey, it is not robe expeded
ocherwife ^^';y"/"""'
, than

"jft

140

^ M E "KI C J. Chap.
than that of the diicovery of thole odicr Councrcys hitherto difcoursM
of, that is m
to fiay veiy uncertain j but becaufe the Frenchho2.9i oijoannes Vn-

ra^anm (who though

an Itali.ni J was employ'd by the Fre7ich King Francis the Firfl:J as
the firft Difcoverer,
not onely oFNoV^ Francia^ as hath been already intimated, but alfo of
this Coun*
trey and t'jc adjoyning Coaft and Regions, we fliall not think it
impertinent to
give from their own Relations, a brief view of his Voyage, and
afterwards a particular Delcription of the /(g;/iy^ Plantations there,, and of their
TranfadtionSj both
one with another, and between them and the Nations. 1 he Narration of
Verra^nm's Voyage is as followeth :

Rerniilrable
Voyage rf
Vtrra^iitius.

The fetling of
Plantations,

N command of the Frcwc^-King Francis the V\x{{^']ohnVa'yd;^aniis^ Jmio

1514.
fctting Sail Weftward from the Canary I0es,difcover'd a low Ammcan
Coaft,
'^ in thirty four Degrees North Latitude^ inhabited by naked People,
which be
*' hind the fandy Hills facing the Sea;, Manur'd many fruitful Plains.
Then Sail^' ing a hundred Leagues along the Shore Northerly, he view'd a Countrey
full of
*^ Vine?^ which grew up amongfl the Boughs of high Trees ; and Sailing
up a
*^ pleafant River, Landed on the Ifland Clandin, full of woody Mountains
: thence
*Mie flood for the main Continent where after havino- vifited a King,
Clad in
" wrought Deer-skin, he Sail'd by a Bay, at whofe Mouth appeared a Rock
in an
'Mnlet, twenty Leagues J where appear'd five fmall Ifies, all of them
exceeding
^' fruitful. After this (being got a hundred and fifty Leagues to the
Northward)
*^ he found very fj-lvage People, whofe Heads appear'd through
Bear*skins and
" Sea-Calves, By this time having Terreneuf on his Starboard, he
returned back to
" Diepe. ,

Thus ht Verra:^an lis made fome difcovery of the Coaft, which hath fince
not
onely been farther infpeded by the En^lip ^ but aifo by them Planted and
call'd
N^Til? England^
This Countrey, whether fiid difcover'd by the faid Verra^anm^ or
together
with the refi: of largely-taksn Vtrgma^ by Sir Walter ^lei^h^ or, as
fome fay, by
Captain Gofnald, in the Year 1601, vvzs [0 well known to the En^liJI? in
the beginning of King Jrf;e;'s Reign here, that the fetling and carrying on
of Plantations i
in this part o^ America ^ was vigoroufly promoted by many of the moR:
eminent Per- "
fons in England : v^hereupon it was about the Year \6o6. being the
fourth Year of
the faid King, granted by Patent to feveral Lords, Knights, Gentlemen
and Mer^
chants, under the denomination of The Plymouth Qom^any^ both in favour
of thofe
generous Spirits, who ftudied and endeavored the good of the Publick by
foreign
Plantations, and indulgence to thofe, who not well farisfi'd with the
Government
of Church and State, and willingly tranfporting themfelves and Families
thither,
as to their Afyluni^ could more conveniently be fpar'd than the better
affe^led part
of the People : And although the Colonies at firll fent over fucceedcd
not according to expectation, yet in a fhort time there Plantations were brought
to very great
perfedion. Captain Wehnouth, who had been employ'd there by the Lord
Arundel _
o^ Warder, for the difcovery of theNorth-Wcfl; Paifage, falling (hort of
his Courfe^ 1
hapned into a River on the Coaft o^ America. ci\V<^^Femmaijmd -^ from
whence he "
brouaht five of the Natives for EuQland, three of whofe Names were Ma?
wida,
Sketn}?arroes,3,ndTapjua}itum, and Landing at ^lymGiith, prefented them
to Sir Ferdt7inndo Gorges, whom hemadeufe of as Infiiruments for tlie farther
advancement of
thcfe Plantations : they were all of one Nation, but of feveral parts,
and feveral
Families j he kept them wi'''> '^ - three years, andobferving in them an
inclination
to vcrtuous Dcfir^n^:, '' , ^' ove the Vulear, he crain'd information
from
them

"^"^^^"^^^^^'-^

Chap. II.

A M E%^1 C A.

i^i

them wliac great Rivers ran up into the Land, what Men of note were
feated en
them, what Power they were of, how Ally'd, what Enemies they had, and
the
like; and taking fome light from thence, lent away a Ship, furnifli'd
with Men,
and all kind of Neceflaries convenient for the Service intended, under
the Command of Captain Hmry Chaloung^ a Gentleman of a good Family, and very
capable
for Undertakings of this nature ; and giving him fufficient Inftrudions
what to
do, fenc along with him two of the faid Natives for his better Condud:
and Di
redion, ordering him by all means to keep the Northerly Gage as high as
Cabz
!BWto/i, till they had difcovcr'd the Main, and then to beat it up to
the Southward
as the Coaft tended, till they found by the Natives they were near the
place to
which they were aflign'd. By that time they were about a hundred Leagues
off the
Ifland o^ CanarUj the Captain fell fick of a Feaver, and the Winds being
Wefterly,
his Company fhap'd their Courfe for the Indiesj and coming to St. John
de Torto
^coj the Captain went afliore for the recovery of his Health, whilft the
Company
took in Water, and fuch other Provifions as they had prefent need of,
and fpent
fome time in Hunting, and other Recreations j after which fteering their
intended
Courfe, they were met with by the Spanijh Fleet that came from the
Havana, taken
Prifoners and carried into Spain, the Ship and Goods being confifcated,
the Voyage
overthrown, and the Natives loft.
Not long after the fetting out of Chaloung, ThomM Haman was fent by Sir
Joh?i
(pophanij Lord Chief Juftice ofEngla?id, towards the River o Sagadehoc,

to the fuccour oiChalomgy if need were j but not finding him^, after he had
fcowr'd the CoaO:
all about, he returned back into En(rland,
Captain ^nnm was likewife (Int from !BriJlolj who arriving happily in
thofe
Parts, brought back with him at his return the rnoH exad Difcovery of
that Coaft
that ever had been gain'd till then.
A while after, at the Charge of the faid Sir JoJ?n fopham, a hundred Men
were
fent to fettle a Colony at Sagadehoc, under the Command of George
Topham, ^leigh
Gilbert, Mafter of the Ship, who feared themfelves in a feninftda^ at
the Mouth of
this River j which attempting to difcover, they met with a Wood near to
an Ifland,
diftant from the Line about forty five Degrees, and fome odd Seconds,
where they
eafily went on Shore. In the Year 1608. the Commander of the Colony
deceafing,
and not long after him the Lord Chief Juftice;, who had been the chief
that had
furnifli'd them with frefli Supplies, they returned for England in thofe
Ships that
had been fent them with Succours : At which unexpeded return, the
Patrons of
the Defign were io offended, that for a certain time they defifted from
their Enterprizes. In the mean while the French making ufe of this occaiion,
Planted Colo=
nies in divers places, when Sir Samuel Jrgal from Virginia difturb'd
their Defigns^
and brought away Prifoners all he could lay hold on.
Suddenly after Captain Hohfon and divers others were fet out with very
great
Preparations, and with them two of the Natives which had been detain'd
for
fome time in England, whom they thought to have made ufe of, the better
to draw
the reft of the Natives to their Commerce j but becaufe a little before
twenty four
of them had been treacheroufly dealt with by one Hunt, they contradcd
from
thence fo great an animofity tow^ards the Englljh, that Captain Hohfon
was conftrain'd to return without effeding any thing.
In the Year 1^14. Captain John Smith being fent to Fifii for Whales, and
feek after Mines of Gold and Silver, Landed upon the Id^nd o^ Monahlggan, where
he
found fome ftore of Whales, but not ilich as thofe by whofe Oyl they ufe
to make

fo much profit.

14-2.

AMERICA. Chap. 11.

About the fame time (two oFthe Natives being recovered, Er^cnow of
Capawick,^
that had efcap'd from Captain Hohfon^ and Ajfacuimt of ^cmmaquid, one of
thofe
that had been taken Prifoners with Qhaloun^) Captain Harly, with
Necefiaries convenient for fuch a Voyage, was difpatch'd away by Sir FerdimmU
Gorges,x.\\t Earl of
Sotithampton favouring the Defign, and furnifliing him with Tome
Land=Soldiers
under the Command of Captain Hohfon, who not difcourag'd with his former
ill
Succefs, relolv'd upon a fecond Adventure.
In the Year 1615. Sir Richard Haktngs undertook a Voyage into thofe
Parts by
authority of the Council of the fecond Colony, but by reafon of the
great Wars
among the Natives, his Obfervations could not be fuch as might give any
farther
light than what had been already received.
Soon after which Captain Dormer coming for England from Ne^ 'founds
Land, and
Landing at ?lymoutJy, apply'd himfelf to the Governor, by whom he was
difpatch'd
away, with Diredion to meet Captain <^croft, fent away a little before j
but <2(pcroft being dead by that time Domer could come after him to Virginia,
where he
heard he was, he returning to (/z]?4M7id, was there fet upon by
Erpeiiol^, the forcmention'd Salvage, and other Indians that were Confpirators with him ;
and within
a fliort while after at FiJrW"^^, whither he went to be cur'd of the
Wounds he re*
ceiv'd in that AlTaflination, he fell fick and died.
About the Year 1623. C2L^tz'm1{phert Gorges, newly come out of the
Venetian
War, was employ 'd by the Council of New Englands Affairs as the
LieutenantGeneral, to regulate the Abufes of divers Fifher=men and other
Interlopers^ who
without Licenfe frequented thofaCoafts : for which Service he had
affign'd to him
all that part of the main Land fituate upon the >iorthEafl: fide of the

Bay of the
Mejfachajets.
By thefe feveral Colonies fent fo thick one after another, both a full
Difcovcry ^
of the Countrey came to be made, and a large gap open'd to the free
poffe/Iion
thereof 5 yet in regard of the many difappointments and misfortunes the
leveral
Companies fent over met with, and counting the vaft Charges their
fetting forth
coft the Undertakers, which would have been ftill increased by the need
of continued Supplies, in all probability ISlf^ England would have been but
thinly peopled
to this day, had not a great Tide of People, poffefs'd with an averfion
to the
Church-Government of ^/W, and fled into Holland ov Liberty of
Confcimce, ea^
gerly taken hold of this opportunity to make themfelves Mafters of their
own
Opinions, and of a Place where they might ered a Government fuitable
thereunto : and though at firft there were fome Exceptions taken, as if this
Countrey
was to be made a Receptacle of Sedaries, and fuch as condemn d the
Ecclefiaftical
Government of the Nation, infomuch that Sir Ferdinando Gorgesj to whom
they ap*
ply'd themfelves, defiring him to mediate for them to the Council of
2N(fw^ Englands
Affairs, when they perceiv'd the Authority they had from the Virgt?iia
Company,
could not warrant their abode there, had enough to do (notwithftanding
his
Apology, That thefe things hapned contrary to his expeHation) to wipe
away the jealoufie which was entertained of him, it being Ordered, that no more
fliould be luffer'd to pafs into liew England, hwt fuch as fliould take the Oaths of
Allegiance and
Supremacy : yet at laft there was little notice taken who went, perhaps
upon confideration, that the vaft refovt of People thither would be of greater
advantage to
the Plantations, than their different Opinions, at fo remote a diftance,
could be prejudicial, fo long as they acknowledged Obedience to the King and Civil
Power :
However, Sir Ferdmando, to clear himfelf the better, mov'd thofe Lords
that were
the chief Actors in the Bufinefs, to refign their Grand Patent to the
King, and pafs
particul ar

^^'"''""'^

Chap. IL jt^ M ET<^I C J,

.particular Parents to themfelves of fuch part of the Countrev alonpthe Sea-Coail
as might befufficientfor them : To this Motion there being a general
Affent giveii
by the Lords, and a Day appointed for the conclufion thereof, an Ad was
made
for the Refigiiation of the Patent, alloting to each Man their feveral
Bounds. From
theuctermoft parts began the Limits of the Lord CMoug^ra^e^ and ended at
Hudfons
^mr. To the Eaftward of which River, for the fpace of fixty Miles in
length,
was placed the Duke of (Richmond's Aflignment : Next to him was fetled
the Earl
otCarlile : Next him the Lord Edward Gorges : Next the Marquefs of
Hamilton :
Then Captain >/; Mafon : And laftly his own, which extended to the
great River
Sagadehoc, being fixty Miles, and To up into the Main Land a hundred and
twenty
Miles, which he waspleas'd to call by the Name of The Troyince of Main.
The Landing of the Englijh in ^/jwiowf/; Plantation was very much
facilitated by
the great Mortality thathapned amongft the India?is zhoMt that time,
amongft the
fecodsjNarraganfets, Nianticks, Tarantines, Wippanaps, SLndthoCe
o{ Jbargini, Jgijfal^ang,
and fockanekie, their (powwows, or Dodors, feeing with amazement their
Wig^anis,
or Streets, lie full of dead Bodies, and in vain expeding help from
Squantam their
good, or Ahbamoch their bad God. Not long bcfore,.that blazing Comet, fo
much
talk'd of in Europe^ apppear'd after Sun-fetting in their Horizon SouthWeft for the
fpace of thirty Sleeps, (for fo they reckon their Days). They Landed at
firft
with little or no refiftance, a handful of Men onely being fent before
to keep
poiTeflion for their Companions, who arrived eight days after.; when the
Natives
appearing with theii^ Bowes and Arrows, let fiie their long Shafts
amongft them .
whereupon one Captain J^/'/cj 5?Wi/^ with his Fowling-piece (hot the
ftouteft
Sachem amongft the Indians^ as he was reaching an Arrow from his Quiver
- which
the reft feeing, fled into the Woods and Thickets. -

The fame Year the Merchant- Jdvenursrs in England fent forth ftore of
Servants ti
provide againftthe Wants of that place ,- amongft whom came over a mix'd
Muli
titude, who fetieS themfelves in the Bofom of the Cape now calFd
Gloucefter.
About the Year 1631. there fled to the EngUp) at Water^own the Indians
that dwelt
thereabouts, for protcdion againft the Tarratines., a fort of cruel and
falvage Cannibals, by whom near the Town of S'dKg/?, in the very dead time of the
Night, one
Lieutenant Walker being ona fudden alarm'd, was fliot through his Coat
and Buff
Jacket with two Indian Arrows. That Night the Englijh ftood upon their
Guard,
and the next, Morning fent word to other parts ; who gathered together,
and
taking counfel,how to quit themfelves of thefe Indians, agreed to
difcharge theit
great Guns whofe redoubled noife,ratling in the Rocks,ftruck terror
into the Indians, and causM them to betake themfelves to flight. The Autumn
following, others
of the Lidians, who till then had held a good correfpondence with the
Planters, began to quarrel about the Bounds of their Land ,. but a great Mortality,
by the raging of the SmalUPox, breaking out amongft them, put an end to that
Controverfic : There died amongft the reft one of the chief of the Sagamores
of the Mattachufets, caU'd Sagamore John, who before his Death had been inftruded in
the Chriftian Faith, and took care that his two Sons fliould be nurtur'd
therein.
In the Year 1635. there arrived feveral Ships with great plenty of
Provifions^
and manyPerfons of good Quality, and amongft the reft Sir Henry Vane.
The fame Year the People oUamhridge, otherwife callM lSleit>^town ,
hearing of a
fertile place upon the River Camnico,xcmo\d thither,and ereded a new
Corporation by the Name o^^aneaico, being encouragM thereunto by the Lord Say and
the
Lord Brooks, md planting a Forreft at the mouth of the River,caird it
Saybrook Forreft.
About the Year 1638, the P^^woij^ a ftout and Warlike Nation, lying to
the
South-

'4-f

tl M E %! C J.

Cliap.

II.

iPii

^omh-'Wci}: of the MattachufetSy were difcoverM upon their March within

fome few
Milts of Hartford : Their coming very much terrified all that inhabited
thereabouts J but they took onely three Women and returned j one of whom
makina a
violent rcfiftance, had her Brains beaten out j the other two they
carried away with
them, without abufing their Perfons, as it was fuppos'd they would, for
they
efteem'd their own Sha'^Sy being black, beyond our Women. Their chief
Defign
was to learn to make Gunpowder 5 which feeing they could not eftedt,
they look'd
upon their Prize as nothing fo precious as they imagined.
A little after another M;^ War threatningthe EngUp^^ they refolv'd
together to
fend an Ambaffador to Cannonkus^ chief Sachem of the ISlaraganfitSj
endeavoring to
prevent him from confederating with the Tequods, who (as they had
Intelligence)
were about fending to him to joyn with them ; Cannonkus being grown old,
had refign'd the Government to his Nephew ManttnemOj a ftern Man^ and of a
cruel Nature. The Ambaffadors arriving at his Court, which was about eighty
Miles from
!Bo^ow, the Iwiii^w Prince ajfifembled his chief Councellors, and having
Entertained
the AmbafTadors Magnificently, and Feafted them Royally, gave them
Audience ia
his State-houfe ; where the S4ckm, to manifeft his greater State, lay
aloncr upon
the Ground, with all his Nobility fitting about him, with their Legs

doubled up,
and their Knees touching their Chin : The Englifh Interpreter havincr
made his
^Speech in the Name of the reft, both Cannonkm and the young King cave
difcrcet
Anfwers, fignifying their Refolutions to keep a fair Correfpondence with
the Enqlifij and yet not to fallout with the fequods : Who a little after
making alfo their
Addreffes to the fame King, he diflwaded them by many Reafons from
making War
with the Englip?^ and to deliver into their hands thofe Perfons that had
murthcr'd
any of them. The ^equods ncverthelefs, though they feem'd inclinable to
his Counfel, yet they ated as Enemies ; for when the EiigUp? fent a Company of
Soldiers
into their Countrey to treat with them about delivering up the
Murthercrs, they
made fliew of willingnefs, but fpying their advantage, betook themfelves
to
their Heels j and whomfoever they took ftragling by furprife, they
revil'd and infulted over in a moft cruel manner, vilifying the Qmftian Religion, and
uttering all
the Blafphemies they could invent. Whereupon they rais'd frefh Souldiers
for the
War, to the number of fourfcore, out of the feveral Towns in the
Mattachu/ets, and
with fome Indian Guides came to their Fort, within which they had
pitch'd their
Wigwams^ the Entrance being on two fides, with intricate Meanders to
enter at
which were plac'd Indian Bowe-men, who fhotthe foremoft of the EnrrlijJ?
. yec they
had little to boaft of in the end, for the Bngltjh rufhing in through
the winding
Ways, and placing themfelves round the Wtgii>ams^ made a very profperous
Shot,
by direding the Muzzles of their Mufquets againfl: the Indians which lay
fleeping
on the Ground : In the midft of which rouzing terror and confufion they
were
(defeated with little ado, moft of them being either wounded, kill'd, or
taken.
The EngUfh thus animated with the firft Victory, fend their Prifoners to
the Pinnaces, and profecutc the War in Hand, marching againft the next Body of
the Indians,
which lay Encamped on a Hill about two Miles diftant, where they gave
them a
fecond Overthrow, flaying many more than in the firft Engagement j the
reft flying
to a very thick inacceflible Swamp or Bog, were there befieg'd by the
EngUp and
skulking up and down, as they faw their opportunity they would Shoot at
them

with their Arrows, and then fliddenly fall flat along in the Water ; at
laft the Eng*
lt[h finding out a Paflage into the Swamp, utterly defeated them, and
put an end
to the War with the lofs of few Mens Lives, and not many wounded.
In the Year 1640. there came over a frefh Supply of People into A^tw^
Bigland^md

finding

ijigiiiiii

Chap. II. ^ A M E%^I C A,

landing no place to fettle in within any of the former eieded Colonies,
thgy repaired to a place callM Long Iflajid, fever'd from the Continent
o^NeTi>^HaVen^ about
fixty Miles off the Sea.
The Year following the four Colonies, namely the MaJfacJmfets, flpnouth^
QaneHicOjZnA l>leTi?*HaVe?ij taking into confideration the many Nations
that were on all
fides of them, as the French, Dutch, Jews, and native Indians j asalfo
how the three
firft went to lay claim to Lands they never had any right tO;, and the
laft to be continually quarrelling and contending, where they faw any hopes of
prevailing, by
Commi/Iioners chofen from the refpedive Colonies^ concluded a firm
Confederation to affift each other in all juft and lawful Wars j upon which
there came in
certain Indian Sachems, as Tomha?n, Miantonemo, Soccanocoh, and Unc^is,
who not onely
fubmitced to the ;/g//i/? Government, but alfo, if occalion were, in
matters of
Controverfie fubmitted to their Arbitration : But the Conteft between
Mianto^
nemo and Unca^ was too hot to be appeased, (though the English were not
wanting to
interpofc) unlefs by the Blood of one of them, as will appear by the
Confequence :
Unca6 was a Prince of For, viho^Qhi^tMiantonemo, though a much more
potent
Prince, fought to take away by treachery, hiring a young Man of the
feciuod Nation to murther him, as the following Story renders fufpedledj for one
dark

Evening this Sachetn pafling from one Wigiam to another, was Shot
throuah the
Arm with an Arrow j but recovering the Palace, had the Arrow puU'd out,
and
his Arni cur'd : the young Man that was fufpetSled being examined, how
he came
by that great ftore o^ Warn j^ompe age which was found about him, and
being able to
give no good account, it increased the fufpicion, and induced Uncos to
complain to
the English at a General Court held at 'Bofton : Whereupon the young Man
was
Examined in the prefence of Mtantonemo, who came thither with his
Attendants but the young Man tutor'd, as fuppos'd, by Mtantonemo, pretended that
Uncos had
enjoyn'd him to feign that he was hir'd by Mantonmo to kill him : To
which Tale
of his little belief being given, it was concluded upon farther
Examination of him
in private that he had done the Fad ; neverthelefs they let him depart
with Miantonemo, advifing him to fend him home to Uncos ^ but he in (lead of
returning him cut
offhisHead, and forthwith gathered an Army of a thoufand Men to fiaht
with
U?icos 5 who met him with half theMen : the Battel being joyn'd, the
Narraganfets,
though the far greater multitude, were beaten hy the Wawhiggins, through
the Valour of Uc^ their Prince; who perfeded his Vidory by poflTeffing
himfelf of the
Perfon oi Mtantonemo, whom, having put his Life-guard to flight, he
carried away
with him in triumph to the Town o^ Hartford, deSring to have the advice
of the
United Colonies what to do with his Prifoner : Whereupon the
Commiflioners
having had fufficient proof of Mtantonemo's treachery tow^ards this
Prince, advis'd
Uncos to put him to death, but not to exercife that barbarous kind of
cruelty which
is ufual amongft them in thefe Cafes. The Sachem, upon this advice, not
long after
pretended to remove him to a fafer place, but by the Way caus'd him to
be Executed : His Subjeds and Kindred were troubled at his Death, but the little
Princes
his Neighbors, over whom he had tyranniz'd, rather rejoyc'd.
In the Year i6^^. the Sons of old Canonnkus, their Father being dead,
began to
fall into hot Contentions with their Neighbors, and being forbidden by
the United
Colonies, they did not ftick to threaten Wars to the Engltjh alfo.
Whereupon the
CommiiTioners rais'd an Army of Horfe and Foot , and made Major General

Edward Gibbons Commm^et in Chief over them. But the Indians he^xvn^ of
this
Preparation, fent fome of their chief Nobility to the Commiflloners of
the United
Colonies, who were affembled at 'Bofton, to Treat about Peace ; to which
the
R Commif-

14.5

mk

1^6

The Commodities of
this Countrey,togcthi;r
with ths
Trees and oiher forts of
Plants.

A M E %^I C A, Chap. II.

CommifTioners agreed, upon condition they fliould pay a part of the
Charges of
the War ; and that they ftiould fend four of their Sons for Hoftages
till the Sum
was paid'; and the Hoftages being fent back before the Wa^om was all
paid, the two
Princes, P^y/c^and Uexanmo, upon the fending a Company of Armed Men to
demand it, fent the remainder of the Money.
In the Year 1647. divers Perfons of Quality ventured tlieir Eftates upon
an Iron
Mill,which they began ^.i^ratntree^hux. it profited the Owners
little,rather wafting
their Stock, the price of Labor in matters of that nature, being double
or treble to
what it is in EnghjuL

Thefe are the moft material Tranfadions we find delivered by any one
which
hapned from the firft difcovery till the Year before mentioned : what
hath hapned
from that time to this, chiefly relates to the feveral Revolutions that
have been in
Emland, and fhall be therefore taken notice of when we come to fpeak of
the Government of thefe Plantations.
Though there are, who having remained fome time, and been concerned in
thofe
Parts, affirm the Soil of 2^n> England to be nothing fo fruitful as it
is believ'd and
commonly deliver'd to be, yet we think it not improper to give a brief
account of
the Trees and other Plants ; alfo the Beafts, Birds, Fifhes, and other
Commodities
which moft Writers will have to be the produdion of this Countrey,
efpecially
fince we find them compactly fumm'd up by an unknown Writer in the
Language
of the mfes. The recital of the Plants and Trees, which (excepting the
Cedtr,
Saftfras, and Dyers Sumach) are all of the fame kind with thofe that
grow in rope^ onely differing in nature, according as the Epithets of many of
them declare,
is as follows :

Trees both in Hills and Plains In plenty be j

The hng'Wd Oak^ and mournful Cy^rejs Tree j
SKte-to'^ring fines ^ and Chefnuts coated rough ;
The lajling Cedar, Ivkh the Walnut tough ;
The (^;^en-droppmg Fir, for Majlinufe-^ {Spremje-^
The 'Boat-men feek for Oars light, neat grown
The brittle Jfy, the e^^er 'trembling Jsps j
The broad-fpread Elm, whofe Concave harbors
The Water'fpungy Alder. good for nought-^ {U^afj)S j
Small Eldern by the Indian Fletchers fought -,

I
1

The knotty Maple, pallid Birch, Ha-^thor?is j

The Horn-bound Tree, that to be doyen f corns j
Which from the tender Vine oft takes his Spoufe^ ,
Who twines embracing Amis about his Boughs.
Wtthtn this Indian Orchard Fruits be fome 5
The ruddy Qherry, and the jetty ^lumb ;

Snake ^murthering Ha^e, with/weet Saxafrage,

Whofe Leases in Beer allay hot FeaVers rage .
The Dyers Shumach, "^ith more Trees there be.
That are both good to ufe, and rare to fee.

BeaRs.

The Beafts peculiar to this Countrey are the Moofe, the %ackoon, and the
Mw/i. 1
(luafl} . the two firft LandAnimals, the laft Amphibious, which with
others com- '^
mon to them with us, are thus verfifi'd by the abovefaid Author ;

The Kingly Lyon^ and thejlrong^arm'd Bear ;

The large limh'd Moofes, ivith the trii^fmg Veer ;
^ill' darting forcupines, that %ackoons he
Qaflled itV holloio of an aged Tree j
The skipping Squirrel, (E^bhet, purblind Hare,
Immured in the J elf fame Cafde are.

Lefi red-eyd Ferrets y Vtly Foxes fmuld,

^hem undermine, if%amperd hut with Mold j
The (rrim-fac'd Ounce, and raVnous howling Wolf,
Whofe meagre launch fucks like afwallonnng Gulph-^
Black <rlitterinz Otters, and rich Coated Bearer ^
The Cmt'fcented Muf quash fmelling eVer,

Of fuch of thefe as are altogether unknown to us, take thefe brief

Defcriptions.
^hcMoofc, -j-|^e ge^fl. caird a Moofe, is not much unlike red Deer, and
is as big as an Ox,
flow of Foot, Headed like a Buck, with a broad Beam, fome being two
Yards
wide

iMlHIM

:.I4-7

Chap. 11. . <tA M E %^I C A.

wide in the Head, their flefh is as good as Beef, their Hides good for
Clothing j
if thefc were kept tame, and accuflom'd to the Yoke, they would be a
great Commodity : Firft, becaufe they are fo fruitful, bringing forth three at a
time, being
likewife very uberous : Secondly, becaufe they will live in Winter
without any
Fodder. I'here are not many of thefe in the Majfachufets Bay, but forty
Miles to the
North-Eaft there are great ftore of them*
The (2(fjdoo^ is a deep Furr'd Bead, not much unlike a Badger, having a
Tail jheFMk<,m.
like a Fox, as good Meat as a Lamb : Thefe Beafts in the day time lleep
in hollow
Trees, in a Moon-fhine night they go to feed on Clams at a low Tide, by
the
Sea fide, where t\\tEngli[l7 hunt them with their Dogs.
The Mufqu^JJy is much like a Beaver for fhape, but nothing near fo bia j
the
Male hath two Stones, which fmell as fweet as Musk, and being killed in
Winter,
never lofe their fweet fmell : Thefe Skins are no bigger than a
Coney^skin, yet
arc fold for five Shillings apiece , being fent for Tokens into
England ; one good
Skin will perfume a whole houfe full of-Clothes, if it be right and
good.
The Birds both common and peculiar are thus recited.

The Mafqtinjh.

5ir<3s.'

the Princely Eagle J and the [oaring HcT^k J

Whom in their unknown li^ays there's none can chawki
The Humhird for fome Queens rich Qage more jit y
Than m the "Vacant Wildernefs to Jit.
The ftvift-lping d Swallow J weeping to and fro,
Asfwift as Anoip from Tartarian 'Bowe.
When as Aurora's Infant day new Springs,
Tl?ere th' morning mounting Lark, herfl^eet lays fngs.
The harmonious Thruf^,fwtft Tigeon , Turtle ^doye ,
Who to her Mate doth eyer conftant proye :

TheTuvky-fheafattt, Heath=cock/Partridge rare,

The Qarrion- tearing CroT^, and hurtful Stare,
The lo?ig~liyd ^VeHj th' ominous Screech-O^l,
Who tells, as old IViyes fay^ dtf afters fouL

The drowfie Madge that leaves her day loVd Kejl,

^nd loyes to roVe, when Day-birds he at rejl :
Th'Eehmurthertng Hearn, and greedy Cormorant,
That near the Creeks in morif? Marj]?es haunt.
The hcllolping 'Bittern, with the long-leg' d Crane ^
^ref aging Winters hardj and dearth of Grain,
The Siher Swan that tunes her mournful breath.
To Jlng the Dirge of her approaching death.
The tattering OldwiVes, and the cackling Geefe,
The fearful Gull that fhuns the murthering ^eece.
The flrong'wing' d Silallard, with the nimble Tealy
And ilLfjape't Loon^who his harfl^ Notes dothfqueaL
There Widgins, Sheldrakes and Humilitees,
Sjiites ,Doppers jSea-Larksytn whole million fees.

Of thefe the Humhird, Loon, and Humility are not to be pafs'd by without
parti
cular obfervation.
The Humhird is one of the wonders of the Countrey, being no bigger than
a
Horne^ yet hath all the Dimenfions of a Bird, as Bill, and Wings with
Quills, Spider4ike Legs, fmall Claws : for Colour, (lie is as glorious as the
Rain.bow ; as ftie
flics, flie- makes a little humming noife like a Humble-bee, wherefore
flie is called
the Humbird,
The Loon is an ilUfhap'd thing like a Cormorant, but that he can neither
go nor
flie J he maketh a noife fometimes like Sowgelders Horn. The Humilities
or Simplicities (as we may rather call them) are of two forts, the biggeil
being as large as a
green Plover j the other as big as Birds we call I^ots in England, Such
is the fimplicity of the fmaller forts of thefe Birds , that one may drive them on
a heap like
fo many Sheep, and feeing a fit time flioot them 5 the living feeing the
dead, fettle
themfclves on the fame place again, amongO: which the Fowler difcharges
again :
Thefe Birds are to be had upon Sandy Brakes, at the latter end of Summer
before
the Geefe come in.
No lefs Poetical a Bill of Fare is brought of the Fifii on the

SeaCoafts, and in the

Rivers of NeM? H/ig/W in thefe fubfequent Verfes.
R % ~ Tk

The Muni'
bird.

The Loan.
The Hum'f
lityy or Sitti'
flicity.

Fifesf..

^-.JS^

iSlBBEKJiLJ 11.^1 ^

iJ^S:

A M E "B^I C J.

Chap. II.

The IQng of Waters, tht SeapouhUrvj^Whale,

The [nuffm^ GrampM, with the Oily Seale,
The^ftoryn prefacing TorpuSj Hern?i^-Hog,
Lhie-fheariHg Shark, the Catfif^j and SeaVog,
The Scak'fenc'd Sturgeon, 'U^-y- mouth' d Hollibut^
The floiiupjig Salmon, CodfijJ?, Greedigut :
Cole, Had dock, Hage^the Tl.ornhack,and the Scale,
Whoje filmy out fide makes hhn/eld In date,

The flately Baf?, old Neptune's fleeting Toji,

That Tides It out and In from Sea to Coajl,
Confortlng Herrings, and the honny Shad,
%(r.hell)'d Jlewiyes, Mackrtlls richly clad

The Seai.

Tht Sbarli,

IhtHalUhMt.

The Bafe.

JUrtives,

Clumms ol
Clumps.

With ^ainhoy^ colours, Frojlfjlyand the Smelt,

jis good as ever Lady Gu{}:us felt.
The Jpotted Lam^rons, Eels, the Lamperies,
That feekfrefl) Water-'Brooks with Argus Eyes,
Thefe watery Villagers, with thoufands more,
Do pafs and repajs near the "Verdant Shore.
Kinds of Shell-fifii.
Tl?e lufclous Lohjler, with the Qrahfish raw.
The brinish Oyfler, Mufcle, fcriwigge,
AndTortolfe fought for by the Indian Sqaw,
Which to the Flats dance many a Winters fig'^s,
TodlVe for Cocks, and to dig for Cla?ns,
Whereby her la^e Husbands guts she crams.

To fpeak of the mod unufual of thefe forts of Fifii j Firfl the Seal,
which h
called the Sea-Calf, his Skin is good for divers ufes, his Body being
between Flefh
and Fifh, it is not very delegable to the Palate, or congruent with the
Stomack
his Oil is very good to burn in Lamps, of which he affords a great deal.

The Shark is a kind of Fifli as big as a Man, fome as big as a Horfe,

with three
rows of Teeth within his Mouth, with which he fnaps afunder the
Fifliermans
Lines, if he be not very circumfpe^a : This Fidi will leap at a Mans
hand if it be
over board, and with his Teeth fnap ofFa Mans Leg or Hand if he be
Swimmingj
thefe are ofcen taken, being good for nothing but Manuring of Land.
The Hollibut is not much unlike a Pleace or Turbut, fome being two yards
long^
and one wide, a Foot thick j the plenty of better Fifli makes thefe of
little efteem,
except the Flead and Finns, which Stew'd or Bak'd is very good j thefe
HoUihuts be
little fet by while Baffe is in feafon.
The 'Baffe is one of the beft Fiflies in the Countrey , and though Men
are foon
tveary'd with other Fifh, yet are they never with Baffe j it is a
delicate, fine, fat, faft
Fifli, having a Bone in his Head which contains a Sawcerful of Marrow,
fweet
and good, pleafant to the Palate, and wholfom to the Stomack : When
there be
great ftore of them, we only eat the Heads , and Salt up the Bodies for
Winter^
which exceeds Ling or Haberdine : Of thefe Fiflies fome are three, and
fome four
Foot long, fome bigger, fome lefler j at fome Tides a Man may catch a
dozen or
twenty of thefe in three hours ; the way to catch them is with Hook and
Line :
The Fiflierman taking a great Cod4ine, to which he fafleneth a piece of
Lobller,
throws it into the Sea, the Fifli biting at it , he pulls her to him^
and knocks her
on the head with a Stick.
Aleiviyes are a kind of Fifli which is much like a Herring, which in the
later end
o^ April come up to the frefli Rivers to Spawn, in fuch multitudes as is
almoft incredible, pre/fing up in fuch fliallow Waters as will fcarce permit them
to Swim,
having likewife f ich longing defire after the frefli Water Ponds, that
no beatings
with Poles, or forcive agitations by other devices^ will caufe them to
return to the
Sea, till they have caft their Spawn.
Clamms or Clamps, are a ShelUfifli not much unlike a Cockle, they lie
under the
Sand , and have every one of them a round hole to take Air, and receive
Wa-

ter at. When the Tide ebbs and flows, a Man running over iht^tClamtn
banks will
prefently be made all wet, by their fpouting of Water out of thofe fmall
holes:
Thefe Fiflies are in great plenty in moft places of the Countrey, which
is a great
Commodity for the feeding of Swine, both in Winter and Summer j for
being
once

HHi

Chap. il. ^ A M E%^1 C A. i.|.9

once usM to thofc places, they will repair to them as duly every Ebb, as
if chey

iims

eatures.f

were driven to them by Keepers : in iome places of the Coimirey there be

Clcw
as big as a Persy white Loaf, which are great Dainties amonrrr the
Natives, and
would be in great eileem amongft the EngUshy wevQ it not for better
Fill].
Other Commodities which this Countrey is faid to yield, are, in downripht
Profe, Furrs, Flax, Linnen, Iron, Pitch, Mafts^ Cables, and fome
quantity of Am^^ ber ; Co that if what many Authors have confented to aflert
concerning ISJ^ew Eng'
Wtiand be not a meet Fi(ftion, what e're hath been afiirm'd of the
unfruitfulncfs of the
" Country will demonftrably be found invalid.
There are alfo to be found here fome hurtful Creatures, of which j that
q. ''''"'"'
which is mofl injurious to the Perfon and Life of a Man is the Rattle-

Snake,
which is generally a yard and a half long, as thick in the middle as the
fmall of a
Mans Leg J fiie hath a yellow Belly, her Back being fpotted with black,
ruffet,
yellow, and green colours, plac'd like Scales ; at her Tail is a Rattle,
with which
fhe makes a noife when fhe is molelled, or when (lie feeth any approach
near hefj
her Neck feems to be no thicker than a Mans Thumb, yet fhe can fwallow a
Squirril, having a great wide Mouth, with Teeth as fharp as Needles,
wherewith
fhe biteth fuch as tread upon her, her Poyfon lyeth in her Teeth, for
(he hath no
Sting. When any Man is bitten by any of thefe Creatures, the Poyion
fpreads To
fuddenly through the Veins, and fo runs to the Heart, that in one hour
it caufeth
Death, unlefs he hath the Antidote to expel the Poyfon, which is a Root
call'd
Snake-weed^ which mull be champ'd, the Spittle fwallow'd, and the Root
apply'd
to the Sore ; this is prefcnt Cure againft that which would be prefect
death without it: This Weed is rank Poyfon, if it be taken by any man that is not
bitten j
whofoever is bitten by thefe Snakes, his flefh becomes as fpotted as a
Leopard, until he be perfectly cur'd. It is reported, that if the Party live that
is bitten, the Snake
will die, and if the Party die, the Snake will live. This is a moil
Poyfonous and
dangerous Animal, yet nothing fo bad as the report goes of it m England^ for
whereas it is faid to kill a Man with its breath, and that it can Hie,
there is no fuch
matter, for it is naturally the moil: (leepy and unnimble Creature that
lives, never
offering to leap or bite any Man, if it be not trodden on firflj and it
is their deiire
in hot weather to lie in Paths, where the Sun may fliine on them, where
they will
fleep fb foundly, that I have known four Men flride over one of them,
and never
awake it j five or fix Men have been bitten by them, which by ufing of
Siiake-weed
were all cur'd, never any yet lofing his life by them. Cows have been
bitten, but
being cut in divers places,and this Weed thruil into their fie{li,v^.ere
cur'd j A fmall
Switch will eafily kill one of thefe Snakes. In many places of the
Country there be
none of them, as at Plymouth, ]>leli^'tolimj Igowamme, Kahant, o^c. In
fome places they
will live on one fide of the River, and fwimming but over the Water, as
foon as
they are come into the Woods, they turn up their yellow Bellies and die.

Up into
the Countrey, Weftward from the Plantations, is a high Hill,which is
OLlVd^ttle*
Snake-Hill , where there are great (lore of thefe Poyfonous Creatures.
There are likewife troublefome Flies.
Firfi: there is a wild Bee or Wafp, which commonly guards the Grape,
building
by Cobweb habitation amongil the Leaves : Secondly a great green Flie,
not
much unlike our Horfe-Flies in England-^ they will nipp fo fore, that
they will
fetch Blood either of Man or Beafi: , and are moil troublefome where
mofl Cattei
are, which brings them from out of the Woods to the Houfes j this Flic
continues
but for the Moneth oCJune, The third is Gurnipperj which is a finall
black Flie, no
bigger than a Flea her biting caufeth an itching upon the Hands or
Face, which
R ] pvovoketH

^ --- J> --<> i 1,^^ . nmsM

tafias

150

J M E "KI C J.

Chap. II.

'' niru ' 'I'l' !

ill

The nature
of the ancient

Inhabitants.

The nature
of the Mo-a-

provoketh fcratching, which is troublefome to fome this Flie is bufie

but in clofe
Mornings or Evenings, and continues not above three Weeks ; the leaft
Wind or
heat exp'els them. The fourth is a Musketor, which is not unlike to our
Gnats in
England, in places where there is no thick Woods or Smmps, there are
none or very1"ew.' In the new Plantations they are troublefome for the firft year,
but the
Wood decaying they vaniOi : Thefe Flies cannot endure Wind, heat or
cold, fo
that thefe are only troublefome in clofe thick Weather,and againft Rain,
many that
are bitten will fall a fcratching, whereupon their Faces and Hands
fwell.
As touching the Nature of the ancient Inhabitants, they are to be
confider'd accordina to their feveral Shires or Divifions ; thofe that inhabit to the
Eaft and
North-'kafl bore the name of Churders and Tarrentems thefe in the
Southern parts
wers c^Wdf equods, 2Lnd Hana^anfets thofe Wellward, Conneciacuts ^nd
Mowhacks -^
to the North. Weft, of whom were the Ahergimans,
The MoUacksYJW ever accounted a cruel bloudy People, which were wont to
come down upon their poor Neighbors, with more, than bruitifh
Savagenefs, fpoiling their Corn, burning their Houfes, flaying Men, ravifliing Women, yea
very
Qambals they were, fometimes eating on a Man one part after another
before his
Face, and while yet living; infomuch, that the very Name of a Uoi^hack
would
ftrike the Heart of a poor Ahergmlan dead, till they had the Englijl^ on
their fides to
fuccor them j for thefe inhumane Homicides confefs that they dare not
meddle
with a white FacM Man, accompany^ with his hot-mouth'd Weapon.
Thefe Indkns are a People of tall Stature , long grim Vifages , flender
Wafted,
and having exceeding great Arms and Thighs, wherein they fay their
ftrength

lieth J which is fuch, that one of them hath been known to kill a Dog
with a fillip of his Finger, and afterwards to have flead and fod him, and eat him
to his Dinner. They a^e fo hardy, that they can eat fuch things as would make
otht^ Indians
fick to look upon ., being deftitute of FiOi and Flefh, they fuffice
Hunger and maintain Nature with the ufe of Vegetatives ; but that which theymoft hunt
after, is
the fleOi of Man : Their cuftom is,if they get a ftranger near their
Habitations,not
to Butcher him immediately, but keep him in as good plight as they can,
feeding
him with the beft Victuals they have.
Thefe Indims are more defperate in Wars than the other W/^^:r, which
proceeds
not only from the fiercenefs of their Natures, but alfo in that they
knowthemfelves
to be better Arm'd and Weapon'd j all of them wearing Sea Horfe Skins
and Barks
of Trees, made by their Art as impenetrable, it is thought, as Steel,
wearing HeadPieces of the fame, under which they March fecurely and undantedly,
running,
and fiercely crying out, Hadree Hadree fuccomee fuccomee, We come we
come to fuck your
mod.not fearing the feather'd (hafts of the ftrong-armM Bow.men,but like
unruly
headftrong Stallions, beat them down with their right-hand Tamahawks,
and lefthand Javelins, being all the Weapons which they ufe, counting Bowes a
cowardly
fight. Tamahawks are^Staves of two Foot and a half long, with knobs at
one end as
round and big as a Football ; a Javelin is a ihort Spear, headed with
Hiarp SeaHorfe Teeth ; one blow or thruft with thefe (harp Weapons, will not need
a fecond
to haftcn death from a Mo^hacks arm.
ue^nature 'fhc TarrentceHs faving that they eat not Mans fleOi , are
little lefs Salvage and
oftheW,.; ^^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^^ Cannibals our Indians do fear them as
their deadly Enemies, for fo
many of them as they meet,they kill.Take thefe Indians in their own
proper and natural difpofition, and they are reported to be wife, lofty.fpirited,
conftant in
friendfliip to one another, true in their promife, and more induftrious
than many
others. ' _,
The

inhabiting
^aflwai'd.

} -I

"^"^-"^^

Chap. II.

A M E %^ I C A.

151

The Tequants are a ftately Warlike People, juft and ecjual m their
dealings j not J,tvel'l
treacherous either to their Country-men^ or En^ltjh^ to whom ( except in
time of ^IJi^,^;'
War) they were not any ways uncivil. Their next Neighbors the
Karraganfets, are
the mod numerous People in thofe Parts, the moft rich alfo^ and the moil
induftrious ; being the Store^houfe of all fuch kind of wild Merchandize as is
amongft
them. Thefe Men are the mofl curious Minters of their lVa?npompeage and
Mowhakes, which they form out of the inmoft Wreaths of Periwinkle-fliells.
The Northern, Eaftern^ and Weflern Indians fetch all their Coyn from thefe
Southern MintMafters. From hence they have moll of their curious Pendants and
Bracelets/rom
hence they have their great Stone Pipes, which will hold a quarter of an
Ounce
of Tobacco, which they make with Steel Drills and other InftrumentS;
fuch is
their Ingenuity and dexterity, that they can imitate the EngUjhWiolA fo
accuratelv,
that were it not for matter and colour, it were hard to diftinguifii
them ; they
make them of gneen, and fometimes of black Stone -, they are much
delir'd of our
Biglifi Tobacconifts, for their rarity, ftrength, handfomnefs, and
coolnefs. Hence
likewife our Indians had their Pots, v^hereinthey us'd to feeth their

Viduals before
they knew the ufe of Brafs. Since the EngUfh came, they have employed
mofl: of
their time in catching of Beavers, Otters, and Mufquashes, which they
bring down
into the Bay, returning back loaden with English Commodities, of which
they
make double profit, by felling them to more remote Indians^ vvho are
ignoranc
at what cheap rates they obtain them, in comparifon of what they make
them pay,
fo making their Neighbors ignorance their enrichment : They were never
known
to be defirous to take in hand any Martial Enterprize, or expofe
themfelves to the
uncertain events of War ; wherefore the Tequants call them WomenAike
Men, reiling
fecure under the conceit of their popularity, and feeking rather to grow
rich by induftry, than famous by deeds of Chivalry.
Mofl: of thefe Northward Indians arc between five and fix Foot
high,fl:raight Bo*
dy'd, fl:rongly compos'd, fmooth Skin'd, merry Countenanced, of
Complexion
more fwarthy than the Spaniards^ black Hair'd, high Foreheaded, black
Ey'd, outNos'd, broad Shouldered, brawny Arm'd, long and flender Handed,
outBreafl:ed,
fmall Wafl:ed, lank BeliyM, wellThigh'd, flat Kneed, with handfome grown
Legs,
and fmall Feet : In a word, take them when the Blood skips in their
Veins, when the
Flefli is on their Backs, and Marrow in their Bones, when they frolick
in their an*
tique Deportments and Indian Pofl:ures, they are more amiable to behold
(though
onely in Mam's Livery) than many a trim Gallant in the newefl: Mode j
and
though their Houfes are but mean, their Lodging as homely, Commons
fcant, their
Drink Water, and Nature their befl: Clothing, yet they fl;ill are
healthful and lufty.
Their fmooth Skins proceed from the often anointing of their Bodies with
the Oyl
ofFiflies, and the fat of Eagles, with the greafe of (^^c/:ooy, which
they hold in
Summer the befl: Antidote to keep their Skin from bliftering with the
fcorching
Sun 5 it is their befl Armor againfl: the Musket oe s ^ and the furefl:
abrafour of the
hairy Excrement , and fl:ops the Pores of their Bodies againfl: the
nipping Winters
cold. Their black Hair is natural, yet is brought to a more Jetty colour
by Oyling. Dying, and daily dreiling 5 fom.etimes they wear it very long,
hanging down

in a loofe diflievel'd Womaniflb manner, otherwife ty'd up hard and

fhort like a
Horfe Tail, bound clofe with a Fillet, which they fay makes it grow the
faflcr j
they are not a little Phantaftical in this particular j their Boys being
not permitted to wear their Hair long till lixteen years of Age, and then they mud
come to it
by degrees ; fome being cut with a long foretop, a long lock on the
Crown, one
of each fide of his Head, the reft of his Hair being cut even with the
Scalp ^ the
young

ure
is
nrti-

The nature
aiii complexion of the Ahergittians.

B a^BWim II

n^jijgai

TJZ

AMERICA.

Chap. II.

Thr Apparel , Oininieius, Paintingsanl ether

arrihcial

Deckings of
the Indians.

Their Diet,
Cookery,
Mfal-times,
an J Hofpitalityat their
Kedles.

young Men and Soldiers wear their Hair long on the one ^At , the other
being
cue {liort like a. Screw; other cues they have as their Fancy leads
them, which
would torture the Wits of the mod exa^: Barber to imitate. But though
they are
thus proud of the Hair of their Head, you cannot wooe them to wear it on
their
Chins, where it no fooner grows, but it is ftubbM up by the roots, for
they count
it as an unufeful, cumberfome, and opprobrious excrement, infomuch as
they call
him an English Mans Baftard that hath but the appearance of a Beard.
The Cioathing of the Indians is only a pair of hulicDi Breeches to cover
their fe.
cret Parts, which is but a piece of Cloth a yard and a half long, but
between their
Groins, ty'd with a Snakes Skin about their middles, one end hanging
down with
a flap before, the other like a tail behind. In the Winter time , the
more Aged of
them wear Leather Drawers, in form like Irish Troufes, faden'd under
their Girdle
with Buttons : They wearShooes likewife of their own making, cutout
Q^a.Moofcs
Hide; many of them wear Skins about them, in form of an /Wj/j Mantle,
and of
thefe fome are Bears Skins, Moo/es Skins,and Beaver Skins fewM together,
others Ot>
ter Skins, and %ackoon Skins ; mod of them in the Winter having his deep
Furr'd Cat
Skin, like a large Muff, which he fhifts to that Arm which lieth mod
expos'd to
the Wind. Although they are poor, yet is there in them the fparks of
natural
Pride, which appears in their longing delire after many kind of
Ornaments, wearincT Pendants in their Ears, in form of Birds, Beads, and Fifhes, Carv'd
out ot
Bone, Shells, and Stone, with long Bracelets of their curious wrought
Wam^om^eage
and Momhackees, which they put about their Necks and Loins j thefe they

count a
rare kind of Decking; many of the better fort bearing upon their Cheeks
certain
Pourtraitures of Beads, as Bears, Deers, Moo/es, Wolves, O^c. fome of
Fowls, as of
Eagles, Hawks, o-c. which is not a fuperdcial Painting, but a certain
Incifion, or
elfe a raifing of their Skin by a fmall fharp Indrument, under which
they convey
a certain kind of black unchangeable Ink, which makes the defir'd form
apparent
and permanent. Others have certain round Impreffions down the outfide of
their
Arms and Breads, in form of Mullets or Spur-rowels, which they imprint
by fear^
ing Irons : Whether thefe be Foils to illudrate their unparallei'd
Beauty ( as they
deem it) or Arms to blazon their antique Gentilicy, cannot eafily be
determined :
But a Seoamore with a Bumhird in his Ear for a Pendant, a black Hawk on
his Head
for his Plume, MoHohackees for his Gold Chain , good dore of
V/ampojnpeage begirting his Loins, his Bowe in his Hand, his Quiver at his Back, with fix
naked Indian
Lacquies at his Heels for his Guard, thinks himfelf little Inferior to
the great
(^ham
In Winter time they have all manner of Fowls and Beads of the Land and
Water, Pond^fifli, with Cathaires and other Roots, Indian Beans and Clamms
; in the Summer they have all manner of Sca-fini, with all forts of Berries. For the
ordering
of their Victuals, they Boil or Road them, having large Kettles which
they Traded
for widi the French long fince, and do dill buy of the Englijh as their
need requires,
before they had fubdantial Earthen Pots of their own making. Their Spits
are no
other than cloven Sticks, fliarpen'd at one end to thrud into the
ground; into
thefe cloven Sticks they thrud the Flcfli or Fifli they would have
Roaded, behemming a round fire with a dozen of Spits at a time, turning them as they
fee occafion. They feldom or never make Bread oUhdx Indian Corn, but feethe it
whole
like Beans, eating three or four Corns with a mouthful of Fidi or
Flefli, fometimes eating Meat fird, and Corns after, filling the Chinks with their
Broth. In Summer, when their Corn is f^Qnt.Sqouterfqua^hes is their bed Bread, a
Fruit like a young
Pumpion : But as all arc fellows at Foot- ball, fo they all meet Friends

at the Kettle,

mmtm

Chap. II. ^ ^ ^ M E%^1 C A.

tie, faving their Wives, that Dance a SpanicLlike attendance at their
Backs for
their Fragments. If their occajfions caufc them to Travel, the bell of
their Vitluals
for their Journey is Kocah, (as they call it) which is nothing but
Indian Com
parch'd in the hot Afiies ; the Aflies being fifted from it, it is
afterwards beaten to
Powder, and put into a long Leathern Bag, trufs'd at their Back like a
Knapfack,
out of which they take thrice three Spoonfuls a day, dividing it into
three Meals!
If it be Winter,and Snow be on the ground, they can eat when they
pleafe, making
ufeof Snow for their Drink; in Summer, they muft flay till they meet
with a
Spring or Brook ; with this ftrange ruiaticum they will travel four or
five days together. They keep no Set-Meals, their Store being fpent, they champ on
the Bit,
till they meet with frefli Supplies, either from their own endeavors, or
their Wives
induflry, who trudge to the Clanuhanks when all other means fail. Though
they
are fometimes fcanted, yet are they as free as Emperors, both to their
Countreymen and Eri^ltsh, be he flranger, or near acquaintance ; counting it a
great difcourtefie, not to eat of their high-conceited Delicates.
Their hardinefs is much to be admir'd, no ordinary pains making them fo
much
as alter their countenance ; beat them, whip them, punch them, if they
put on a
refolution, they will not winch for it ; whether it be their benumm'd
infenfible*
nefs of fmart, or their hardy refolutions, is hard to refolve ; It might
be a fertllus
his Bull, or the Rack might force an out-cry from them , but a Turkish
drubbing
would not move them , the unexpeded approach of a mortal Wound by a Bullet, Arrow, or Sword, flriking no more terror, nor caufing no more
exclamation
in them,than ifit had been a fliot into the body of a Tree; fuch Wounds
as would
be fudden death to an English yi2.n , would be nothing to them- whether

it be,
that by their rare skill in the ufe of Vegetatives,or by Diabolical
Charms,they cure
them ; neverthelefs, the very name and thoughts of death is fo hideous
to them, or
any thing that prefents it fo terrible, that a hundred of them will run
from two or
three arm'd with Guns. In the Night they need pot to be feared, for they
will not
budge from their own Dwellings, for fear of their Jbamacho (the Devil)
whom
they much fear, fpecially in evil enterprizes, they will rather lie by
ai^ E?iglish fire
than go a quarter of a Mile in the dark to their own Dwellings ; but
they are well
freed from this Scare.crow fince the coming of the English, and lefs
care for his deiufions.
Now for the matter of Government amongfl them; it is the cuflomof their
Kings to inherit, the Son always taking the Kingdom after his Fathers
death. If
there be no Son, then the Qiieen rules; if no Queen, the next to the
Blood-Royal,,
who comes in otherwife, is but counted an ufurping Intruder, if his fair
carriage
bear him not out the better, they will foon Unfcepter him. Some fay the
chief
^owahe is next in Dignity and Authority to the King,and when he dies,
Marries the
S^uafachemyOv Queen.
The Kings have no Laws to Command by, nor have they any annual Revenues;
yet commonly arc they fo either fearM or belov'd, that half their
Subjeds eflate is
at their Service, and their Perfons at his Command, by which Command he
is
better known than by any thing elfe ; for though he hath no Kingly Robes
to make
him glorious in the view of his Subjeds, nor daily Guards to fuccor his
Perfon,nor
Court-like attendance, nor fumptuous Palaces ; yet do they yield all
fubmifTive
fubjeaion to him, accounting him their Soveraign ; going at his Command,
and
coming at his Beck, not fo much as expoftulating the caufe, though it be
in matters thwarting their wills he being accounted a difloyal Subjed that
will not'effed what his Prince Commands Whofoever is known to PlotTreafon, or to
lay
violent

^n

Of their
hardinels.

Of their
Kings , Go
vernment,
and Subjefts
obedience.

<il M E %I C J.

Chan. II.

41^

OftheirMar
fjages.

violent hands on his lawful King, is prefently Executed. Once a Year he

takes his
Progref:, acconnpanied with a dozen of his beft Subjeds, to view his
Countrey, to
recreate hirafelf, and eftablifli good Orders. When he enters into any
of their
Hoafes, without any more Complement, he is defirM to lit down on the
Ground^
(for thiy ule neither Stools nor Cufhions) and after a little refpite
all that are prefentcomein, and fit down by him, one of his Seniors pronouncing an
Oration
gratulacory to his Majefly for love, and the many good things they enjoy
under

his peaceful Government. A King of large Dominions hath his Vice-Roy 3,

or inferior Kings under him, to agitate his State Affairs, and keep his
Siabjecfts in good
Decorum. Other Officers there are, but how to di[};inguifh them by Name
is fomethingdifficult. For their Laws, as their Vices come fliort of many other
Nations,
fo they have notfo many Laws, though they are not without fi^me, which
they in*
Aid: upon notorious Malefactors, as Traitors to their Prince, inhumane
Murtherers,and, fome lay, Adulterers : for Theft, as they have nothing to
fteal worth the
Life of a Man, therefore they have no Law to Execute for Trivials, a
Subjedl being
more precious in the Eye of his Prince, than, where Men are fo fcarce,
to be cad
away upon fo fleight a matter. A Malefactor having deferv'd Death, and
being
apprehended, is brought before the King, and fome other of the wifefl:
Men, where
they enquire out the original of the thing, after proceeding by
aggravation of Circumftances he is found Guilty, and Caft by the Jury of their 9cndi
Inquifition,- he
is Condemned and Executed in the following manner : The Executioner
comes
in, who blind.=folds the Party, fets him in the publick view, and Brains
him with a
Tamahaukej or Club j which done, his Friends bury him.
Now to fpeak fomething of their Marriages^ the Kings and the
Toli'f^o'^s, or great
Do(5tors, may have two or three Wives, but feldom ufe it, Men of
ordinary Rank
having but one J which difproves the report, that they had eight or ten
Wives
apiece. When a Man hatha defire to Marry, he firft gets the good will of
the
Maid or Widow, after, the confent of her Friends for her part j and for
himfelf, if
he be at his own difpofing,and if the King will, the Match is made, her
Dowry of
Wampompeage paid, the Sagamore or King (who for every Marriage hath a
Fathom of
Wampompeage, which is about the value of feven or eight fhillings) joyns
their Hands,
never to part till Death, unlefs fhe prove a Whore, for which they may
put away
their "Wives.
As it is natural to all Mortals to worfhip fomething, fo do thefe
People, but exactly to defcribe to whom their Worfhip is chiefly bent, is very
difficult : They
acknowledge efpecially two, K^etan^ fome fay Tantum, their good God, and

Hoba
mocco, fome fay Squantum^ their evil God \.o K^tan they Sacrifice (as
the ancient
Heathens did to Ceres) after their Garners be full with a good Crop.
They likewife Invocate this God for fair Weather, for Rain in time of Drought,
and for the
recovery of their Sick J but if they do not hear them, then they
verrifie the old
Verfe, FieciereftnequeoSuperosJcherontayno'vehojX.ht\t^o')^^^o'ws
betaking themfelves
to their Exorcifmes and Necromantick Charms, by which they bring to pafs
ftrange things, if we may believe the hidiansj who report of one
Ttjfacaimaii?, that he
could make the Water burn, the Rocks move, the Trees dance, and
metamorphole
himfelf into a f^ammg Man. In Winter, when there is no green Leaves to
be got,
he would out of the Aflies of an old Leaf, calcin'd and put into the
Water, produce a new g-rcen Leaf : And of a dead Snakes Skin, a livins; Snake,
both to be
feen, felt and heard. The manner of their acftion in their Conjuration
is thus :
The Parties that are fick or lame being brought before them, the
Tcw'Pjow fitting
down, the refl of the Indians giving attentive audience to his
Imprecations and Invocations,

Of their
Wor/hip, InvocatioDSjand
Conjurations.

Igjggy-jgi,^

Chap. IL

A M E%^I C

^55

vocations, and afcer rhe violent expre/Tion of many a liideons bellowing

and groaning he makes a flop, and then all the Auditors with one voice utter a
fiiort Canto which done;, the ^olfo'^oip ftill proceeds in his Invocations, fomctimes
roaring like
a Bear, other times groaning like a dying Horfe, foaming at the Mouth
like a chafed Boar, fmiting on his naked Bred and Thighs with fuch violence, as if
he were
mad : Thus will he continue fomctimes half a day, fpendinghis Lungs,
fweating
out his Fat, and tormenting his Body in this diabolical Worfhip,
Sometimes the
Devil, for requital of their Worfiiip, recovers the Party, to nuzzle
them up in
their devillifli Religion. But fiace the En^t^h (upon whom, and in whofe
prefencc
it is faid the Towwows could never work their Witchcrafts) frequented
thofe Parts,
they daily fall from his Colours, relinquifliing their former Fopperies,
and acknowledge the Power of the EfigUjh-mzns God,as they call him. And it is
reported
of them, that at the very firft they were fo tradable to the Qlmjlian
Religion, that
they would fay King James was good, and his God good, but their Tanto
nought,
though of their two Gods he was accounted the good one.
They ufe no other Weapons in War than Bowes and Arrovifs, faving that
their of t^iejs
Captains have long Spears, on which, if they return Conquerors, they
carry the
Heads of their chief Enemies that they flay in the Wars, it being the
Cuftom to
cut off their Heads, Hands and Feet, to bear home to their Wives and
Children^ as
true tokens of their renowned Vidory. When they go to their Wars, it is
their
Cuflom to paint their Faces with diverfity of Colours, fome being all
black as Jet,
fome red, fome half red and half black, fome black and white, others
fpotted with
divers kinds of Colours, being alldifguis'd to their Enemies, to make
them more
terrible to their Foes, putting on likewife their rich Jewels, Pendents,
and Wampom^
page J to put them in mind that they Fight not onely for their Children,
Wives and
Lives, but likewife for their Goods, Lands and Liberties. Being: thus
Arm'd with
this Warlike Paint, the antique Warriors make towards their Enemies in a
diforder'd manner, without any Soldierlike Marching, or Warlike Poftures,
being deaf
to any word of Command, ignorant of falling off or on, of doubling Ranks
or

Files, but let flie their winged Shaftfmen without either fear or wit :
Their Artillery being fpent, he that hath no Arms to Fight, finds Legs to run away.
They have two forts of Games, one call'd ^uim^ the other Huhhuh^ not
much unlike Cards and Dice, being no other than Lottery, fuim is fifty or fixty
fmall Bents
of a Foot long, which they divide to the number of their Gamefters,
(huffling them
firfl between the Palms of their Hands ; he that hath more than his
Fellow, is fo
much the forwarder in his Game : Many other Whimfies be in this Game,
which
would be too long to commit to Paper. He that is a noted Gamefter hath a
Hole
in his Ear, wherein he carries his fu'ms in deSance of his Antagoniils.
Hubbub is
five fmall Boi)es in a fmall fmooth Tray ; the Bones be like a Die, but
fomething
flatter, black on the one fide and white on the other, which they place
on the
Ground, againft which violently thumping the Platter, the Bones
mount^changinocolours with the windy whisking of their Hands to and fro ; which action
in that
fport they much ufe, fmiting themfelves on the Breafl and Thighs, crying
out
Hub, Hub J Hub ; they may be heard play at this Game a quarter of a Mile
off;
The Bones being all black or white make a double Game ; if three of one
colour,
and two of another, then they afford but a fingle Game ^ four of a
colour, and one
differing, is nothing . fo long as the Man wins he keeps the Tray, but
if he loofe
the next Man takes it. They are fo bewitch'd with thefe two Games, that
they
will lofe fomctimes sU they have ; Beaver, Moofe^skins^ Kettles,
Wampompsage^ Mo-whacksy Hatchets, Knives, all is confifcate by thefe two Games. For
their Sports of

Their Games
and Sports of
aclivky.

adion

1^6

Of their
es.

AMERICA. Chap. IP
aaion they have commonly but three or four, as Football, Shooting,
Running, and
Swimming ; when they play Countrey againft Countrey, there are rich
Goals, all
behuncT with V/am^ow^ea^e , Moti?hacks, Beaver Skins, and black Otter
Skins : Their
Goals are a Mile long plac'd on the Sands, which areas even as a Board j
their Ball
is no bigger than a Hand-ball, which fometimes they mount in the Air
with their
naked Feet, fometimes it is fway'd by the multitude, fomecime alio it is
two days
before they get a Goal, then they mark the Ground they win, and begin
there the
next day. Before they come to this Sport they paint themfelves, even as
when
they go to War, in policy to prevent future mifchief, becaufe no man
fhould know
him that movM his patience, or accidentally hurt his Perfon, taking away
the oc
cafion of ftudying revenge. Before they begin, their Arms arc put off,
and hung
upon fome neighboring Tree, after v^hich they make a long fcrowl on the
Sand,
over which they fhake Hands, and with loving Hearts fcuffle for Vidory.
While
the Men Play, the Boys Pipe, and the Women Dance and Sing Trophies of
their
Husbands Conquefts j all being done, a Feaft fummons their departure. ^
Suchis their dexterity in Shooting, that they can hit a running Hind, or
flying
Pigeon, without a ftanding paufe or left-ey'd blinking j they draw their
Arrows
between their Fingers and the Thumb^ their Bowes are quick, but not very
ftrong,
not killing at above fix or feven fcore diftance : Shooting at one
another,they have
a trick with fwift conveyance to fhun the Arrow j this they do to make
them
expert againft time of War. They are train'd up to their Bowes even from
their
Childhood, for little Boys with Bov^es made of little Sticks, and Arrows
made
of great Bents, will hit down a piece of Tobacco-pipe every time a good

way
off. As thefe Indians are good Marks-men, fo are they well experienced
where the
very Life of every Creature lieth, and know where to fmite him to make
him die
prefently. Their Swimming is not after our Englijh fafliion, of fpread
Arms and
Legs, which they hold too tirefom, but like Dogs, their Arms before
them, cutting through the Liquids with their right Shoulder : In this manner they
will
Swim very Fwift and far, either in rough or fmooth Waters, fometimes for
their
eafe lying as ftill as a Log ; fometimes they will play the
Dive^doppers, and come
up in unexpected places.
For their Hunting, it is to be noted, that they have no fwift-footed
Greyhounds
to let flip at the fight of the Deer, no deep-mouth'd Hounds, or
fcenting Beagles,
to find out their defired Prey ; themfelves are all this, who in that
time of the year
when the Deer comes down, having certain Hunting-houfes in fuch places
where
they know the Deer doth ufually frequent, in which they keep their
Rendezvouz,
their Snares, and all their Accoutrements for that Employment : when
they gee
fight of a Deer, Moofe, or Bear, they ftudy how to get the Wind of him,
and approaching within (hot, ftab their Mark quite through, if the Bones
hinder
not. The chief thing they Hunt after is Deer, >/bo/aand Bears : It
grieves them
more to fee an :?i^/i/J;^man take one Deer, than a thoufand Acres of
Land. They
Hunt likewife after Wolves, wild Cats, %ackoons, Otters, Beavers, and
Mufquashes,
Trading both their Skins and Flefii to the English. Befide this
Artillery they have
other devices to kill their Game, as fometimes Hedges, a Mile or two
Miles long,
being a Mile wide atone end, and made narrower and narrower by degrees,
leaving onely a Gap of {ix Foot long j over againft which in the daytime
they lie
lurking, to flioot the Deer which come through that narrow paftage j fo
many as
come within the circumference of that Hedge, feldom return back to leap
over,
unlefs they be forced by the chafing of fome ravenous Wolf, or fight of
fome accir
dental Paftenger : In the Night, at the Gap of this Hedge, they fet
Deer.traps,
which

IHg

nUg

Chap. IL a M E%^1C A. if
which are Springes made of young Trees, and fmooth wrought Cords, fo
ftrongj
that it will tofs a Horie if he be caught in it.

In the Trade of Fifliing they are very expert, being experienced in the
know

Of thdc

ledge of all Baits for feveral Fiflies, and divers Seafons ^ being not
ignorant like*
wife of the removal of Fiflies, knowing when to Fifli in Rivers^ and
when atRocks^
when in Bays, and when at Seas : Since the English came they are
furnifli'd with
English Hooks and Lines, for before they made them of Hemp, being more
curiouily wrought,of ftronger Materials than ours, and hook'd with BoneHooks j buc
lazinefs drives them to buy, more than profit or commendations wins them
to
make of their own. They make likewife very ftrong Sturgeon-nets, with
which
they catch Sturgeons of twelve, fourteen, and fixteen^ and fome eighteen
Foot long
in the day-timCp and in the night-time they betake themfelves to their
Birchen
Canoos, in which they carry a forty-fathom Line, with a fharp-bearded
Dart faftned
at the en4 thereof 5 then lighting a Torch made of Birchen Rinds, they
wave it
to and again by their Canoo fide, which the Sturgeon much delighted
with^, comes to
them tumbling and playing, turning up his white Belly, into which they
thruft their
Lance, his Back being impenetrable ; which done^, they hale to the Shore
their
ftrugling Prize. They have often recourfe into the Rocks whereupon the

Sea beats,
in warm Weather, to look out for fleepy Seals, whofe Oyl they much
efleem, ufing
it for divers things. In Summer they FiOi any where, but in Winter in
the frefli
Water onely, and Ponds ; in frofty Weather they cut round Holes in the
Ice^ about
which they will fit like fo many Apes with their naked Breeches upon the
cold Ice,
catching of Pikes, Pearches, Breams, and other forts of frefli-Water
Fifli,
Their Arts and Manufactures are divers, as firft their drefling of all
manner oftheirArti
or Skms, wnicK they do by Icrapmg and rubbing, arcer-wards pamtmg them
<^ures
with antique Embroiderings in unchangeable Colours; fometimes^they take
off the Hair, efpecially if it be not kill'd in ieafon. Their Bowes they
make of a
handfom fhape, llrung commonly with the Sinews of Moofes ^ their Arrows
of
young Elder, feathered with Feathers of Eagles Wings and Tails, headed
with
Brafs in fliape of a Heart or Triangle, faRned in a {lender piece of
Wood fix or
eight Inches long, which is fram'd to put loofe in the pithy Elder ,
aftewards \
bound fail for riving : Their Arrows are made in this manner, becaufe it
might
(hake from his Head, and be left behind for their finding, and the Pile
onely rc^
main to gaul the wounded Beafl:. Their Cordage is fo even, foft, and
fmooth, that
it looks more like Silk than Hemp. Their Sturgeon Nets arc not deep, nor
above
thirty or forty Foot long, which in ebbing low Waters they fl:ake fall
to the
Ground where they are fure the Sturgeon will come, never looking more at
it till
the next low Water, Their Canoos are made either of Pine-trees, which
before they
were acquainted with English Tools, they burn'd hollow, fcraping them

fmooth
with Clara-ihells and Oyfl:er-ftiells, cutting their outfides with
Stone Hatchets.
Thefe Boats are not above a Foot and a half, or two Foot wide, and
twenty Foot
long. Their other Canoos be made of thin Birch Rinds, clofe Ribb'd, and
on the
in-fide with broad thin Hoops, like the Hoops of a Tub 5 thefe are made
very
light, a Man may carry one of them a Mile, being made purpofely to carry
from
River to River, and from Bay to Bay, to fliorten Land=pafiages. In
thefe cockling
Flysboats, wherein an E?igl'isluxn2,n can fcarce fit without a fearful
tottering, they
will venture to Sea, when anHg//; Shallop dare not bear a Knot of
Sail, fcuddiog
over the over-grown Waves as fad as a wind-driven Ship, being driven by
their
Paddles, being much like Battle*doors ; if a crofs Wave (which is
fcldorn) turn her
Keel up-fide down, they by fwimming free her, and fcramble into her
again.
S i Their

^rrrr^ -i-^fidkrs&X^BarsR

158

Of their Language

Of their
waths, Buials and

ffpofitionsi
nployents, llfage
their Husnds, Appa1, ami Mo:fty of the
oinen.

AMERICA. Chap. II.

Their Language, is onely peculiar to themfelves, not inclining to any of
the
more refined Tongues. Sonne have thought they might be of the difperfed
Jeiipsy
becaufe fome of their words are near unto the Hebrew ; but by the fame
rule they
may conclude them to be fome of the gleanings of all Nations, becaufe
they have
words which found after the Grcek^ Latine, French, and other Tongues.
Their Language is hard to learn, few of the English being able to fpeak any of
it, or capable
of the right pronunciation, which is the chief grace of their Tongue :
They pronounce much after the Diphthongs, excluding L and (^, which in our
English
Tongue they pronounce with as much difficulty, as mofl of the Dutch do
Tand H
calling a Lobfter a ISlphJiann. Every Countrey doth foniething differ in
their Speech,
even as our Northern People do from the Southern, and Weflern from them
j efpecially thcTarrentinej whofe Tongue runs fo much upon (?^, that they
wharle much
in pronunciation. When any Ships come near the Shore;, they demand
whether
they are King Charles's Torries, with fuch a rumbling found, as if one
were beating on
an unbraced Drum. In ferious Difcourfe our Soutliern Indians ufe feldom
any fhort
Colloquies^ but fpeak their minds at large, without any interjeded
Difcourfes
from any, the reft giving diligent audience to his utterance j which
done, fome or
other returns him as long an Anfwer ; They love not to fpeak jnulta, fed
multum
feldom are their words and their deeds ftrangers. According to the
matter of their
difcourfe, fo are their a(5ting Gefturcs in their Expreflions.
The Indians are of lufty and healthful Bodies^ not experimentally

knowing thofc
Difeafes which are incident to other Countreys, as Feavers, Pleurifies,
Calentures^
Agues, Confumptions, Convulfions, Apoplexies, Dropfies, Gouts, Pox,
Meafles,
or the like, but fpin out the thred of their Days to a fair length,
numbering fixty,
eighty, fome a hundred years : But when any one lies a dying, the
doleful cries_,
and throbbing fighs of the Friends and Relatione, exprefs unfpeakable
forrow
and when the Party is dead and laid in the Ground, they not onely weep
and howl
for a good fpace over the Grave, but alfo keep Annual Solemnities of
Mourning,
rubbingtheir Faces with black Lead all about the Eye-brows, and part of
their
Cheeks ; yet do they hold the Immortality of the Soul, in which their
Indian Faith
jumps much with the Turkish Jlchoran, dreaming of a certain Paradife, or
SouthWeft />/iwi, wherein they fliall everlaftingly abide, folacing
theml"elves in odoriferous Gardens,fruitful Corn-fields, green Meadows, bathing their tawny
Hides in
the cool Streams of pleafant Rivers, and fheltering themfelves from Heat
and Cold
in the fumptuous Palaces framed by Nature, concluding, that neither care
nor pain
fliall moleft them, but that Natures bounty will adminifter all things
with a voluntary contribution from the Store-houfe of their H/))y/? j at the
Portal whereof,
they fay, lies a great Dog, whofe churlilli fnarlings deny adraiilion to
unworthy
Intruders : wherefore it is their cuftom to bury with them their Bowes
and Arrows,
and good ftore of their Wamj^om^cage and Mol^hacks, the one to affright
that affronting Gr^er//5, the other to purchafe more immenfe Prerogatives in their
Paradife.
For their Enemies and loofe Livers, whom they account unworthy of this
imaginary Happinefs, they fay that they pafs to the infernal Dwellings of
Ahamocho, to
be tortur'd according to the Fictions of the ancient Heathen.
The drudgery of all laborious forts of Work, and the management of all
domeftick Aifairs, lies wholly upon the Indian Women, who are made meer
Slaves by
their Husbands j they build the Houfes, fowe and reap the Corn, provide
Lobfters
for their Husbands to bait their Hooks when they go a Fifliing for ^ajfe
or Cod ;
and for thefe Lobfters they are many times forc'd to dive in the
extreameft Wea-

ther, then lug home a great weight of them upon their Backs, as alfo all
the FiOi
\ whicb

tniMimin

.liap. 11. A M ERIC A.

which their Husbands catch for pleafure, from the places where they were
caught :
They drefs all the Meat, ferve it up to their Husbands, and waiting till
they have
fiUM their Bellies, are glad of their leavings. In Summer they gather
Flags, of
which they make Mats for Houfes^ and Hemp and Ruflies, with Dying Stuff^
of
which they make curious Baskets, with intermixed Colours and
Poiirtraic1:ures oif
antique Imagery. Thefe Baskets are of all fizes from a Quart to a
Quarter, in
which they carry their Luggage. In Winter they are their Husbands
Caterers,
trudging to the Clam^banks for their Belly-timber, and their Porters to
lug ic
home. They like wife few their Husbands Shoes, and weave Coats of Turky
Fea
thers, befides all their ordinary HouOiold drudgery which daily lies
upon them^
infomuch that a great Belly hinders no bufinefs, nor doth a Child-birth
take much
time, but the young Infant being greas'd and footed, wrapp'd in a
Beavers Skio,
bound with his Feet up to his Bum,upon a Board two Foot long and one
Foot broad
and his Face exposed to all nipping Weather^this little (P^/?po//g
travels about with his
bare- footed Mother to paddle in the Icy Clambanks, after three or four
days of
Age have confirmed her recovery. For their Carriage, it is very civil,
Smiles beina
the greateft grace of their Mirth. Their Mufick is Lullabies in Rocking
their Chi^
dren, who generally are as quiet as if they had neither Spleen or Lungs.
Their
Voices are generally both fweet and well ordered, fo far as pure Nature
teacheth
fhem. Their Modefty drives them to wear more Clothes than the Men,
having al. ways a Coat of Cloth or Skins, wrapp'd like a Blanket about their
Loyjis, reaching
down to their Hams, which they never put off in Company.

There are to be reckon'd up forty five chief Towns, befides what others
there
may be of lefs note, built or made habitable by the Englijh fince their
firfl arrival
inNcH? England f till about the Year \6^o.
Firfl, St. Georges Fort, where the firfl Plantation was fetled, at the
Mouth of the
River Sagadehock, in a kind of Toi'mfula, or half Ifland.
The fecond, New Plymouth, feated no lefs commodioufly upon a large
Bay,caird
by the Natives Tautuxed ; where they firfl fetled that went over out of
diilatisfaclion to the Church-Government of England.
The third, Salem, caird by the Indians, SMahumheak -, which flands on
the middle
ofa Neck of Land very pleafantly, having a South River on the one fide,
and a
North River on the other fide. This Town feems to have been built in the
Year
1628. by a part of that Company, who,being fent over by the Merchant^
Jdventurers,
fetled themfelves in this Cape.
The fourth Maflawmut, or Charles-to-^n, fituateon a Neck of Land on the
Norths
fideofthe River CW/ey. The form of this Town, in the Frontifpiece of ic,
refembleth the Head, Neck, and Shoulders of a Man j through the right
Shoulder
whereof runs the Navigable River Mtpck, which by its near approach to
Charles
River in one place, makes the chief part of the Town a Teninfula : It
confifls of
a hundred and fifty Dwelling-houfe$, many of them beautified with
pleafant Gar
dens and Orchards: Near the Water^fide is a large Market-place, forth of
which
iffue two fair Streets j and in it flands a large and well built Church.
The fifth, Mata[>an, or Dorchefter, a Fronteer Town, flanding over
againfl the
Ifland near the Sea-fide : It is watered with two fmall Rivers, and is
built in the
form ofa Serpent turning its Head Northward it hath Orchards and
Gardens
full of Fruit-trees. .
Thefixth is Lofton, anciently Acowfowf/Vw^^ the Center and Metropolis of
therefl,
built in the form of a Heart, and fortifi'd with two Hills on the Frontpart
thereof, the one having great flore of Artillery mounted thereon, the
other havincr

-St a

S9

Towns builf
by the Englip
in New England,

St. GeoTgts
Fort.

New Plj'
mouth.

Salem.

Charks-tovih,

Dordefilg

BofilK.

^. u-' ^ipi " I

dflte

i imi^

\6o

A M E "Kl C A.

Chap. II.

Koxhurj.

Lynns,

W.iUr-texfn,

Xtxf-tovfn.

Hitrverd Cetz
ledge.

Jpfxf'tcbi

Heffhwy,
Hartford.

Ceucerd.

a ftrona Battery, built of whole Timber, and fill'd with Earth : At the
Defcent
of th^ Hill lies a large Cave or Bay, on which the chief part of this
Town is buiic,
over-toppM with a third Hill, all three like over-topping Towers,
keeping a con.
ftant Watch to forefee the approach of foreign Dangers. The chiefeft

part of this
City-like Town is crowded upon the Sea Banks, and wharf'd out with great
Indu.
dry and Coft, the Edifices large and beautiful, whofe continual
enlargement prefao-eth fome fumptuous City. , , l i
The [cY^mh, ^oxbury, fituated between ^ofion and Dorchefter, water d
with cool
and pleafant Springs iffuing from the Rocky Hills, and with fmall
Frefhets waterina the Valleys of this fertile Town : The form of it refembleth a Wedge
double
pointed, entring between the two above-mentioned Towns and m the room
of
ihofe Swamps, or tearing Buflies which were there before, they have now
goodly
Fruit-trees, fruitful Fields and Gardens.
The eighth is Lynm, or (according to the Indian Name, Sau^us) fituated
between
Sdem and Charles-tol^n, near a River, whofe ftrong Frefliet at the end
of Winter fills
all her Banks, and with a violent Torrent vents it felf into the Sea.
This Townis
almoft fquare, confiding many years ago of above a hundred Dwellinghoufcs, ha.
Vina alfo an Iron Mill in conftant ufe : The Church being on a level
Land, undefended from the North.Weft Wind, is made with Steps defcending into the
Earth.
The ninth is call'd Water-town, anciently figfgujfet, fituated upon one
of the
Branches oi Q^arles^V^ivtt, watered with many pleafant Springs and fmall
Rivulets,
running like Veins throughout her Body. This Town began by occafion of
Sir
(^chard Saklngjlall, who arriving with fl:ore of Cattel and Servants,
Wintered in
thefe Parts.
In the Year 1633. there^was ereded between Charles-tom and Water^toi^n ,
a Place
cM^ilSLeW'Aoi^n, ^n^hy t\it Indians, Amongcangm, fince nam'd Gm^r%,
being the
tenth in order: It is in form like a Lifl: of Broad^^cloth, reaching to
the moft Sou.
therly part o^Merrimeck River j it hath comely and well orderM Streets,
and two
fair Colledges the firft call'd Haryerd CoUedge, from Mr. John Hamrd,
who at his
Death gave a thoufand Pounds to it j to the other Mr. J9hn Barnes was
the chief Benefador. This Town was appointed to be the Seat of the Government, but
it

continued not long.

The eleventh call'd Ij>fwich, or Sawacatuc by the Indians, is fituated
on a fair and
delightful River, ifl^uing forth from a very pleafant Pond, and
afterwards breaking
its Courfe through a hideous Swamp of large extent ; it lies in the
Sagamorefiip, or
Earldom o^Jggawan, now by the EngUp? call'd EJfex,
Twelve Miles from Ipf^Vich, near upon the Streams of Mcrrimeck River, is
fituated the twelfth, call'd ]s[e-\Uury, , . r
The People o^ Newtown, or Camhridge,uip on their removal of the
Plantation ot
Canecltco, pafling up the River, built a Town, which they call'd
Hartford, the thir.
teenth in number, divers others coming in the room of thofe that
departed from
Cambridge.
The fourteenth,feated upon a fair freOi Rivcr(whofe Rivulets are fill'd
with frelh
Marfli, and her Streams with Fifli, it being a Branch of that large
River ^f ^J'"^meek Allwi-ves) is built in the Inland Countrey, and call'd Concord', It
confifted at
firft ofabove fifty Families: Their Buildings are for the moft part
conveniently
plac'd on one ftreight Stream under a Sunny Bank, in alow Level. The
People
that firft fet forth to build this Town, fuftain'd great hardfliip and
mifery, by reafon of the uncouth Ways, and extremity of the Weather, it being the
firft Inland
Town that was built.
South-

'^'"^-^^""^

Chap. IL ^A M E %^I C A
SoutK-Eaft of C/;dr/^j.Rivcr, upon the Sea.Coan:, is /Iciiated the
fifceenth Town
Bingham ; the form whereof is fomewhat intricate to defcribe, by reafoii
of the Seawafting Crooks^ where ic beats upon a moultring Shore; yet in fome
places the

Streets arc compleat : It confifted at firft of about fixty Families.

The fixtccnth is in Tlymouth Government, fituate upon the Sea^Coaft,
firft nam'd
Dukesohury^SLkctv^atds Sa?idwich.
About the year 1617. a new Supply coming over into thefe Parts, and not
finding in the Matiachufets Government any commodious place to fettle in,
they after
much fcarch took up a place fomewhat more Southerly, near the Shalies of
(^a^ecod,
where they found a commodious Harbor for Shipping, and a fit place to
ered a
Town in, which they built in a fhort time, with very fair Houfes and
compleat
Streets . and fliortly after feveral others : Amongft which they ereded
a new
Government, which from their firft Fronteer Town, being the feventeenth,
was
caird ISlewhayen.
The eighteenth is inUc Government of the Mattachufets , and call'd
Vedham, being
an Inland Town, fituate about ten Miles from ^opn in the County
oiSujfolk, well
water'd with many pleafant Streams, and abounding with Gardens and
FruicTrees: It confifted at firft of about a hundred Families, being
generally given to
Husbandry.
The nineteenth being alfo in this Government is callM Weymouth,
batter'don the
Eaft with the Sea Waves ; on the South- Weft Rocks and Swamps make it
delightful to the Deer, as the ploughable Meadow.Lands to the Inhabitants.
About the Year 1 638. Printing was brought over into A[(?^ England.
About iyi Miles from Ipfwkh, North.Eaftward, was eredted another Town
call'd %oiply^ being the twentieth.
About the Year 1639. began the one and twentieth Town Hampton, in the
County ol>lorfolky to be built : It is fituate neat the Sea-Coaft-, not
far from the
Kiwct o Merrimeck: The great ftorc of fait Marfli ^id entice the People
to fee
down their Habitations there.
Not far from this Town oi Hampton, was ere^ed the two and twentieth,
call'd
Salisbury, feated upon the broad fwift Torrent o( MerrimechKi\cv : It
lieth on the

Northern fide, over againft the Town of 2vre.ii;^r>, the River between
them being
about half a Mile broad, but hath an Ifland in the midft thereof, which
makes it
the more eafily pafTable. The fituation of this Town is very pleafant,
the Skirts
thereof abounding in fair and goodly Meadows, with good ftore of ftately
Timber in many places upon the Uplands.
About the-Year 1640. by afrefli Supply of People that fetled in
Longl/Iand, was
there eteded the twenty third Town, call'd Southampton^ by the
hidtans,Jgait>om.
The fame Year alfo the Town of Sudim% being the twenty fourth, began to
be
built in the Inland Countrey : It is furnifli'd with great ftore of
frelli Marili, but
lying very low, it is much endammag'd with Land-floods.
Aboutthistimethere was built at Mount Wolleflone, by fome old Planters
and
certain Farmers of the great Town of Bo/o, a Town nam'd ^rAintree,
being the
twenty fifth, within the Mattachufets Government; It is well peopled,
and hatH
great ftore of Land in Tillage.
In the Year 1641. Mr. (^chard mndman coming from Green Harbour, a Place
in
Plymouth Patent, with fome few People of his acquaintance, fetled in
Cape June ^
where they built the twenty fixth Town, and nam'd it Gloucefter. ^
There is alfo fituate upon fufcataque River, to the North.Eaft of iBo/?
o;/, a Town
cal 'd Dover, being the twenty feventh, the People by voluntary
refignacion beinc
under the M^^f^W^^i/^fj Government. S j la

HirshaKi.

Sanimch.

KiSthaven.

Dedhawl

Wqmiuthl

Hampton,

SaMnn,

Longip.ind.
Sottthainptdii.

Sud^mj,

Braintrer,

QUtictfii

Dsv^T.

i6z

,
^^^i.

^H^'
'^^^^^^E'

WbohiiTH.

Wenham,

Spring^
field.

Haverhill.

Maiden,

The prefent
fiateofthe
Natives.

Chuicb'Govcrnmcnt
jamong the
Englijh.

A M E%1 C J. Chap. 11.

In the Year 1^42. was ereified the eight and twentieth Town, callM
Woohirn.
In the Year i644.%^^/72g the nine and twentieth Town was built, being in
the
Government of the Mattathufets -^ it is well water'd and fituated about
a great
Pondj having two Mills, a Saw-Mill, and a Corn-Mill, which ftand upon
two
feveral Streams.
A little after was built the thirtieth Town in this Colony, call'd

Wenham^ fituate
between Salem and Ipfwich 5 it is very well water'd, as moft Inland
Towns are, and
the People live altogether on Husbandry.
About the Year 1645. one Mr. fmch'mj having out of defire to improve his
Eftate by Trading with the hdians, fetled himfelf in a place very remote
from any
of the Towns of the Mattachufcts Colony, yet under their Government, and
great
ftore of People ftill reforting to him, they at lafl: erected a Town
upon the River
CaneclkOy calling it Spring-field, being the one and thirtieth Town 5 it
is very fitly
feated for a Beaver Trade with the Indians^ in regard it is fituate upon
this large
Navigable River, and upon fome Rivulets of the fame.
In the Year 1648. was founded the Town of Haverhill^ being the two and
thir- J
tieth, about a Mile or two from the place where the River o( Menimeck
receives into it felf the River Shawshin, which is one of her three chief Heads.
Not long after, the Town of Maiden, being the three and thirtieth Town,
was
built by certain People that came out of CharlespToipn thcfe two Towns
beincrfever'd the one from the other by the large River o^Mtflkk,
The reft we (hall onely name, as 34. 'Berwick^ alias ChaTi>un. 35
Oxford, alias Sa?Q-.
anas, Falmouth jSlizs Totam. 1^6,'Briftol. 37. Hull, alias Tajfataquack,
38. Dartmouth,
alias Johanna. 3^. "Korwlch^ alias Segocket, 40. 'Taunton, alias
Qohannet. 41. Greens*
Harbour, ^i.Iartnouth. ^'^, Northam^ z\ia.s^ajcata(^ua. j^^, Exeter.
/^'), Weymouth,
The chief Rivers of Neiv England a.\-c,^afcataipay, Sagadahoc,
Temmaquidy Jgamentico,
Merrimeck , T'achohacco , Mtjlick , Narraganfet , Mtflmwin ,
Comis^acut , ]S[eu>ichwa^'och^
j^nehequy.
The Ltdian Natives are now become fo weak in number, and in fome meafure
reduc'd to a dread of the growth of the Englijh, that of late years they
have not
pradis'd any thing againfi: them , or at lead, not juftifi'd them by
numbers in
open Hoftility, willing rather to purchafe their Peace and buy off
Injuries committed by them at the Price of their Lands and PoflefGons.
And although care and expence hath been many years apply'd to the
Converfion of Indians to the Faith, however inclinable they feem'd at firfl: to

the imbracing
thereof, not then fo well difcerning the infincerity of its Profeflbrs j
yet there are
fo few of late who do imbrace it or perfevere in it (wanting a good
Foundation for
inftrudtion in Moral Honefl;y,and perhaps the example of it in thofe
that undertake
to inftru(5t them in Religion ; ) that Chrijlianity to them feertis a
Chimera, Religion a
dehgn to draw them from the libidinous Pleafures of a lazy Life ;
however, fome
there are who make Profeffion of Chrijlianity, and fome who are educated
in the
Schools of Nw Qamhridge, to entitle them to Preach the Gofpel in their
own Language.
One great hindrance to the Propagation of the Faith amongfl thofe
Heathens, is
the diverfity of their Languages j for it is commonly known, that the
Natives
themfelves do not underfland one another, if their Habitations are but
at forty
Miles diftance.
Their Church-Government and Difcipline is Congregational and
Independent,
yet in fome places more rigid than others, for in many Towns there yet
remains
fome leaven ofTreshyteryj from which Se(^s our Independency had its
Original ^ infomuch

Hgggn

Chap. II. M M E'B^IC A. j^3

much, that one of the mod remarkable Oppofers of Epi/copal Goyerment,
Doaox:
(Bafiwick (who, fpoird fo much Paper in railing at the Church.
Government oF
Bngla?id, and crying up Liberty of Confcience) finding the Apoflacy of
his own Brethren of Lofton from their firft Principles, and his,generally prevail
over them, even
to the denying that liberty to others, which they feem'd only to aim at,
did write
a large and vehement Dehorutory Ep'tflle to them from their Nei\? Lights
or '<Paths, faying, That according to their prefent Tenents, they could not pretend to
he better, or other than a
Chriftian Synagogue.

Their Laws and Methods of Government are wholly of their own framinfr
.^ThdrGva
each Colony tor themlelves, makes an Annual choice of Governor, Deputy
Go. """^ ^'vernor, and a certain number of Affiftants, by the plurality of
Suffrages colleded
from their feveral Towns, the Elcdors are only Free-men and ChurchMembersj
for he that h not a Member of their Church, can neither chufe, nor be
chofen a
Magiftrate, nor have his Children Baptiz'd j befides the lofs of many
other Priviledgcs,and liable moreover to frequent^if not conftant Mulds for
abfenting themfelves from I)iVwe rrory/?/> (fo caird) in their Meeting houfes.
Since the tranlmitting of the Patent in Ke-^ England, the Eleaion is not
by VoiCCS, nor eredion of Hands as formerly, but by Papers, thus :
The general Court-eledory fitting, where are prefent in the Church, or
Meet^
ing-houfe at :Bo/?o, the old Governor, Deputy, and all the Magiftrates,
and two
Deputies or Burge{fes for every Town , or at leaft one j all the Freemen
are bid
to come in at one Door, and bring their Votes in Paper for the new
Governor,
and deliver them down upon the Table, before the Court, and fo pafs
forth ac
another Door ; thofe that are abfent, fend their Voces by Proxies. All
being deliver'd in, the Votes are counted, and according to the major part, the
old Governor pronounceth. That Juch an one is chofen Go-vernor for the year
enfuing. Then the
Freemen, in like manner, bring their Votes for the Deputy Governor, who
being
alfo chofen, the Governor propoundeth the Affiftants one after another.
New
Afliftantsare, of late, put in nomination, by an Order of general Court,
before,
hand to be confiderM of: If a Freeman give in a Blank, that rejeds the
Man
nam'd J if the Freeman makes any mark with a Pen upon the Paper which he
brings, that eleds the Man nam'd : Then the Blanks and raark'd Papers
are num.
ber'd, and according to the major part of either, the Man in Nomination
Hands
eleded or rejefted ; and fo for all the Affiftants. And after every new
Eledion,
which is, by their Patent, to be upon the laft Wednefday in Eafter Term,
the ntw
Governor and Officers arc all new Sworn. The Governor and AlTiftants
chufe the ;
Secretary. And all the Court confifting of Governor, Deputy, Affiftants,

and Deputies of Towns, give their Votes as well as the reft ; and the
Miniflcrs and Elders, and all Church-Officers, have their Votes alfo in all thefe
Eledions of chief '
Magiftrates : Conftables, and all other inferior Officers, are fworn in
the general,
quarter, or other Courts, or before any Affiftant. ' '^
. Every Freevman when he is admitted, takes a ftrid Oath, to be true to
the Society or Jurifdidion. '
There are two general Courts, one every half year, wherein they make
Laws or
Ordinances : The Minifters advife in making of Laws, efpecially
Ecclefiaftical,and
are prefent in Courts, and advife in fome fpecial Caufes Criminal, and
in framing
of Fundamental Laws.
There are befides four Quarter=Courts for the whole Turifdidion, befides
other
petty Courts, one every quarter at Lofton, Salem, and Ipfipich, with
their feveral Ju*
rifdidions J befides every Town, almoft, hath a petty Couri: for fmall
Debts and
Trelpafifes, under t;ent:y Shillings. ' la

i6j^

Anions
ani Caul'es.

GrandJuries.

Trial*.

<a M E %I C J. Chap. II.

In the general Court, or great quarter Courts, before the Civil

Magidrates, arc
trvM all Actions and Caufes Civil and Criminal, and alfo Eccleliaftical,
cfpecialiy
touching Nonmembers : And they thcmfelves fay, that in the general and
quarter
Courts, they have the Power of Parliament, Kings-Bench, Common-Pleas,
Chaneery, High-Commiffion, and Star-Chamber^ and all other Courts o^ England
j and
in divers Cafes have exercis'd that Pov/er upon the Kings Subjeds there,
as is not
difficult to prove. They have put to death, banifii'd, fin'd Men, cut
off Mens
Ears, whip'd, imprifon'd Men, and all thefe for Ecclcfiaftical and Civil
Offences,
and without fufficicat Record. In the leffer quarter Courts are try'd,
in fome, Actions under ten Pounds, in 'Bofton^ under twenty, and all Criminal Caufes
not touching Life or Member. From the petty quarter Courts, or other Courts, the
parties
may appeal to the great quarter Courts, from thence to the general
Court, from
which there is no Repeal.
Twice a year, in the faid quarter Courts held before the general Courts,
are two
Grand-Juries fworn for the Jurifdi(5i:ion, one for one Court, and the
other for the
other ; and they are charg'd to enquire and Prefent Offences reduc'd by
the Governor who gives the Charge.
Matters of Debt, Trefpafs, and upon the Cafe, and Equity, yea and of
Hcrcfic
alfo, are try'd by a Jury.
The Parties are warn'd to challenge any Jury-man
but bccaufe there is but one Jury in a Court for trial
Parties not prefent at their Swearing, the liberty of challenge
fome inconveniences do happen thereby. Jurors are return'd
at firft
caird T/;e Beadle of the Society,

before he be fworn ;
of Caufes j and all
is much hindered, and
by the Marflial, he was

The Parties in all Caufes, fpeak themfelvcs for the mofl part, and fome
of the
Magiftrates where they think caufe requireth, do the part of Advocates
without
Fee or Reward.
Though among the feveral Colonies which were founded here by the confluence of dilfenting Zealots, this Government is exercis'd, differing from

that of the
Church and State oi England : yet in thofe Provinces which are granted
by particular Perfons, the Government is much more conformable to that o^
England but
as the Mattachufets or Bojloners were from the beginning the mofl Potent
and Predominant of all the reft of the Colonies, (infomuch, that Bofion may well
be accounted the Metropolis of all T^ew England^) fo of late years they have
ftill ufurp'd more
and more Power and Authority over the reft j and efpecially have not
ftuck to give
Laws to the forefaid Provinces allotted to particular Perfons, and have
gone about
wholly to fubjugate thofe places to themfelves, intrenching upon the
rights of the
true Proprietors and that, even contrary to the Kings expreis Commands
by his
Officers, there, and as it were in open defiance of his Majefty and
Government, as
is evident from this following Narration, of their behavior upon a
bufinefs of this
nature.

Proceeilings
t>i the Mattatfmftts againli
kis Majcfties
CotnimfTionert.

N the Year of our Lord 1665. his Majefties Commiflioncrs for the Affairs
of
l:^ew England^ being in the Province of Mrywe, the People being much
unfctled
in Point of Government , by reafon the Mattachufets Colony, or Bofwi
Government, did ufurp compullively a Power over them contrary to their wills;
and the
rioht of Sir Perdmando Gorges Heir, v;ho had his CommifSon then in the
place, did
unanimoufiy Petition to his Majefties ComniilTioners to fettle the
Government 5
upon which the faid Commi/fioners examined the Bounds and Right of Mr.
Gorges
Patent, with all the Allegations and Pretendons on boch fides, and [o
according
to

'**^"""'-'"""

Chap. II. A M E%^I C A.

to their Inftrudion from his Majefty, did fettle a temporary Government
under his
Majefty's immediate Authority, until fuch time as his Majefty fliould
give his final
determination thereof ; and for that end did Inftitute Juftices of the
Peace to Govern the Province according to the true Laws of England, Aifo his
Majefty Was
pleas'd by his Mandamus in Jpril 1666, to the Governors oi^opn, to
fignifie that it
was his will and pleafure, That. the Province oi Main (Iiould fland good
as his
Commiffioners had fetled it, until he had more leifure to determine it 5
yet notWithftanding, after three years quiet pofTeflion, and exercifing of
Government by
the Kings Juftices, according to their Commiflion granted by
hisMajefty's CommifTioners, x.\ic 'Boftomrs, without any Conference with the faid
Juftices, did in a
hoftile manner oppofe the King's ?owct,July 16^8. which was as foUoweth;
The General Court of (Bofion fent their Warrants to keep Court at York
under
their Authority, and for that purpofe Commiffionated Magiftrates by
their own
Authority, namely Major General John Leyeret, Mr. Ed^rd Tmg, Captain
(I{ichard
Walden, and Captain ^hert <Pike ; Whereupon the King's Juftices did
oppofe their
Warrants, and fent Poft to Uew York, with an Addrefs to General
Nicholas, for Ad
vice what to do therein j who forthwith difpatch'd away to the Governors
of
Lofton, informing them of the danger of their Proceeding, it being an
open breach
of Duty, to fubvert the Government eftablifli'd by his Majefty's Power j
alfo fent
the King' s^MW^w^, April 1666, that will'd to the contrary.
Notwithftanding
the Lofton Magiftrates in July 166%. in order to their <Bofton
CommiiTion, came to
York Town in the faid Province, with feveral Armed Men, Horfe and Foot,
to keep
Court under their Authority ; Oppofition was made by the King's
Juftices, and
his Majefty's Power was urg d, but little regard thereunto fhewn ; his
Majefties
Mandamm was like wife much infifted upon, and produced by the Juftices,
who ask'd
the Bofioners what they thought of it ? and how they durft ad fo

contrary to the
King's Will and Pleafure.^ Major General Lmm told them. That he believ'd
ic
might be the King's Hand, but he had a Commiflion from the general Court
at
^oflon^ which he would follow and obferve by the help of God. The fame
day
in the Afternoon the faid Major General Leveret, with the reft of the
^oflon Magiftrates, feiz'd and imprifon'd the Province Marfhal in doing his Office,
and then
forthwith went in warlike pofture to the Court=houfe, where the King's
Juftices
fat in Judicature, and putting them from their Seats, fat down
themfelves in their
Places, and Executed their 'Bofton Commiflion. The King's Juftices drew
a ^roteft
againft their Proceedings, and fo left the Decifion to God's Providence,
and his
Majefty's good Pleafure. Then they turn'd out all Officers, both
Military and Civil, and Swore others in their Places under their Authority j they
forc'd the whole
Record of the Province out of the Recorders Houfe contrary to his Will,
by
vertue of a Special Warrant from that Court. They imprifon'd the Mayor
of the
faid Province about three weeks, forcing him to give in five hundred
Pound Bonds,
not to ad according to his Commiflion 5 which with fome Refervations ,
he was
forc'd to deny for the fecurity of his Eftate.
Thefe riotous Proceedings thus aded with fuch a precipitate fury, fo
incens'd
his Majefty,that fpeedy care had been taken to reduce them to reafon,
had they not
upon mature confideration bethought themfelves afterwards to yield
Obedience to
his Majefties Orders.
Having treated at large of all that concerns ISlew England in general,
both in reference to the Natives and the Englip7 Planters, we fhall conclude with
a brief view
of the Provinces o^ Laconia and Main^ as they are truly Defcrib'd (among
other ingenuous Colledions and Obfervations of the Affairs of America^ and
efpecially
thefc

\6%

'\66

iW

A brief Dsfcripcion of
I.aconi.i, a
Province in
NfW -twgiand.

A M E "B^l C A. Chap. II.

thefe Parts) by Fenlhimdo Gorges Efq; Heir to the abcve^tnention'ci Sir
Feydiuaitdo ^
and thereby fole Lord of the faid Provinces, cnely contradiing what hath
been by ^
him deliver'd more at large.
Among divers Plantations of the BigUf? happily Founded in New England^
is a
Province to the Landward, namM LaconiUj fo call'd by reafon of the great
Lakes
therein, but by the ancient Inhabitants thereof it ;s cali'd The
Countrey of the Troquois :
It lies between the Latitude of forty four and forty five Degrees,
having the Rivers of Sagadehock and Mcnimeck on the Sea-Coaft of New England^
Southerly from
it; into each of which Rivers there is a fliort Paflage, frequented by
the Salvages
inhabiting near the Lakes. Alfo it hath the great Lakes which tend
towards Cali/on/i<i in the South Sea on the Weft thereof: On the North thereof is
the great
River of 0^^^, into which the faid River difgorgeth it felf by a fair
large River,
well replenifliM with many fruitful Iflands : The Air thereof is pure
and wholefom,
the Countrey pleafant, having fome high Hills, full of goodly Forrefts,
and fair
Valleys and Plains, fruitful in Corn, Vines, Chefnuts, Wallnuts, and
infinite forts
of other Fr uits/large Rivers well ftor'd with Fifli, and inviron'd with
goodly Meadows full of Timber-trees.
One of the great Lakes is cali'd The Lake of Troquois ^ which together
with a Ri^-

ver of the fame Name, running into the River of Qanada^ is fixty or
feventy Leagues
in length.
In the Lake are four fair Iflands, which are low and full of goodly
Woods and
Meadows, having ftore of Game for Hunting, as Stags, FallowDeer,*Elks,
Roe*
Bucks, Beavers, and other forts of Beads which come from the Main Land
to the
faid Iflands.
The Rivers which fall into the Lakes have in them good flore of Beavers
j of
which Beafts, as alfo of the Elks, the Salvages make their chiefeft
Traffick.
The faid Iflands have been inhabited heretofore by the Salvages, but are
now
abandon'd by reafon of their late Wars one with another : They contain
twelve
or fifteen Leagues in length, and are feated commodioufly for Habitation
in the
midft of the Lake, which abounds with divers kinds of wholefom Fifh.
From this Lake run two Rivers Southward, which fall into the Eaftern and
Southern Sea-Coaft of New England.
Into this Lake there went many years fince certain Trench of Ou_eheckj
who fided
with the JlgoVmquins , with the help of their Canoos, which they carried
the fpace of
five Miles over the hnpofihle Fallsj to Fight a Battel in revenge of
fome former In*
juries done by the Troquois to the Jlgovijiquins, who had the Vi(5tory ;
for which caufe
the Fre?ich havebeen fo hated ever fince by the Nation of the Troquois,
that none of
themdurft ever appear in any part of that Lake. But their Trade, faid to
be fixteen
thoufand Beavers yearly , is partly fold to the Dutch , who Trade with
the Weftend of the faid Lake over Land by Horfes, from their Plantation upon
Hudfons
<I{iyer : and another part is conceiv'd to be purchas'd by the Hiroons,
who being
Newters, are Friends both to the one and the other ; and thefe Hiroons
bring down'
the greatefl: part of all by the River o^ Canada,
The Way over Land to this great Lake, from the Plantation of
Tafcata'^ay, hath
been attempted by Captain Walter Neale, once Governor, at the Charges of
Sir Fer^
dinando Gorges, Captain Mafon, and fome Merchants of London, and the
Difcovery-

wanted but one days Journey of finifliing,becaufe their Victuals w^as

fpent, which,
for want of Horfes, they were enforced to carry with their Arms, and
their Clothes,
upon their Backs : They intended to have made a fettlement for Trade by
Pinnaces
upon the faid Lake, which they reckon to be about ninety or a hundred
Miles from
the Plantation over Land. The

IMlfitniiiiiBll

[lap
The People of the Coiintrey are givea to Hunting of wild Beafts, which
is their
chicfefl Food. '
Their Arms are Bowes and Arrows. Their Armor is made partly of Wood,
and partly of a kind of twilled Stuff like Cotton-Wool.
Their Meat is Flour o Lidian Corn, of that Countreys growth^ fodden to
Pap,
which they preferve for times of Neceflity when they cannot Hunt,
This Province of L^co/zi^p however known by a diilin^t Name, is included
v;ithin
the Province of Main, which offers it felf next to our confideration.
All that part of the Continent of Neip EngUml, which was allotted by
Patent to
Sir Ferdmando Gorges and to his Heirs, he thought fit to call by the
Name of T/;e froyince of Main, It takes it beginning at the entrance of fafcatoway'
Harbor, and fo
paffeth up the fame into the River o^KeiVichll^a'Voch j and through the
fame unto the
fartheft Head thereof J and from thence North- Weftwards for the fpace
of a hundred and twenty Miles 5 and from the Mouth of Tafcatolt^ay Harbor
aforefaid.
North. Eaftward along the Sea=Coaft, to Sagadehpck -, and up the River
thereof to
E^nibeciuy River^, even as far as the Head thereof; and into the Land
North- Weil=
wards, for the fpace of a hundred and twenty Miles.
To thefe Territories are alfo adjoyn'd the North half of the Ifles of
Sholes^ toge*
ther with the Ifles o^ Capawick and ISlauticaUj as alfo all the little
lOands lying within
five Leagues of the Main, all along the Sea=Coaft, between the aforefaid
Rivers of

^dfcatolDay and Sagadehock'

He no fooner had this Province fetled upon him, but he gave publick
notice^
That if any one would undertake by himfelfand his AlTociates,
toTranfporca
competent number of Inhabitants, to Plant in any part of his Limits, he
would
aflio-n unto him or them fuch a proportion of Land,, as fhould in reafon
fatisfie them,
referving onely to himfelf fome fmall High-Rent, as is. or 2 j. 6 d. for
a hundred
Acres per Annum : and if they went about to build any Town or City, he
would
Endow them with fuch Liberties and Immunities^ as fhould make them
capable to
Govern themfelves within their own Limits, according to the Liberties
granted to
any Town or Corporation within this Realm of H;/^/.W(i. And as for
others of the
meaner lore who went as Tenants, that they fhould have fuch quantities
of Land
aflign'd them as they were able to manage, at the Rate of 4 d, or 6 d.
an Acre, according to the nature or fituation of the Place they fettle in.
And for the Diviiion of the Province, and the Form of Government which
he
intended to Eftablilh, he firft divided the Province into feveral
Parts ; and thofe
again he fubdivided into diftind- Regiments, as Eail, Weft, North, and
South ;
thofe again into feveral Hundreds, Parifhes and Tythings, and thefe to
have their
feveral Officers to Govern, according to fuch Laws as fhould be agreed
upon by
publick Aflent of the Free-holders, with the approbation of himfelf or
Deputy, and
the principal Officers of the publick State.
The fetled Government for the general Statc^ to whom all Appeals were to
be
made, and from whom all Inftru(5tions for the welfare of the Publick
were to ifluC;,
were to confift of himfelf or his Deputy, who w^as to be chofen every
three year
by himfelf, with the advice of his Council : Next a Chancellor for the
determina*
tion of all Caufes ; A Treafurer, to whom the care of the publick
Revenue v^^as
to be committed ^ A Marfhal, whofe Office was to overfee the Regiments^
and to
provide Men for publick Service ; An Admiral, to take care of all
Maritime Af=
fairs, to whom a Judge of the Admiralty was to be joyn'd to determine
all Maritime Caufes ; A Maftei' of the Ordnance, to look to the publick Arms and

Ammunition ; A Secretary, to receive Intelligence, and to acquaint himfelf

or Deputy
there^'

16'

of the Pro'
vince of
M.iiu.

therewith. To thefe belong all their feveral Officers and Miniflers for
the Execution of all Matters proper to their feveral Places.
The chief Town of this Province is call'd Gorgiana, which is Governed by
a
Mayor, the reft areonely inconfiderable Villages or fcatter'd Houfes j
but throuoh
Encouragement given to Adventurers and Planters, it may prove in time a
very
flourifliing Place, and be replenifli'd with many fair Tov^ns and
Cities, it being a
Province both fruitful and pleafant.
Sect. IL
New Netherlands now call'd New York.
THat Trad of Land formerly call'd The l^'-^ TSletherUnd, doth contain
all
that Land which lieth in the North parts o^ America, betwixt l>leii?
England
and 'Mary-Land j the length of which Northward into the Countreyy as ic
hath not been fully difcover'd, fo it is not certainly known : The
breadth "of ic is
about two hundred Miles. The principal Rivers within this Trad, are
HudfonsRiver, ^aritan-KivtXj Deto^re-S^j^River. The chief Iflands are the
ManhatansIfland, Low^-Ifland, and St^t^n-Ifland.
The firft which difcover'd this Countrey was Henry Hud/on^ who being
hir'd by

the EaJiJndia Company to feek a Paffage in the ISlprthern Jmerka to

China, [tt Sail
Anno i6op. in the Half -Moon Frigat j coming before Terre-neujf , he
ftood about towards the South-Weft, where Sailing up a great River, he found two Men
Clad in
in ^ffelo's Skins ; and from thence arrived fafe at Amjlerdam.
2>lew ]S(etherla}td thus difcover'd, invited many Merchants to fettle a
firm Plantation there ; to which purpofe they obtain'd Letters Patents in 1614,
gi^anted
them by the States in the Hague, That they might onely Traffick to IS^ew
Nether*
land '^ whereupontheyearneftly profecuting the Defign, fent out Adrian
'Block ^nd.
Godyn, who difcover'd feveral Coafts, Ifles, Havens, and Rivers.
The Countrey, as they faid, being then void, was therefore free for any
body
that would take poffeffion of it : Notwichftanding which pretence, they
were
icarce warm in their Quarters, when Sir Samuel ^rgal. Governor o^
Virginia^ having
firft fpoil'd the Vrench in Accadicj as we faid, difputed the PolTefrion
with thefe alfo.
And although they pleaded Hudfons Right (who by Commiflion from King
James y
and upon an English Account, had lately diicover'd thofe Parts) and
pretended they
had not onely bought all his Cards and Maps of the Countrey, but all his
Intereft
and Right alfo, and had fully contented him for all his Pains and
Charges in the
Difcovery 5 yet the faid Hudfon being an Engli$h'ma.n, and acting all
that he did
by CommijTion from the Kingof ;7^/W, upon Debate it was concluded, That
the
Land could not be alienated after Difcovery without the King o^
England's confent,
efpecially it being but a part of the Province of Virgijiia, already
pofTefs'd by the
Subjects of England : So that they were forc'd to wave that Title, and
the Dutch Go
vernor fubmitted his Plantation to His Majefty of &i^/rf?zJ, and to the
Governor of
Virginia, for and under him : Upon which Terms for a good while they
held it.
Afterwards, upon confidence, it feems, of a new Governor fent ixom
Amjlerdam ^thty
not onely fail'd to pay the promised Contribution and Tribute, but fell
to fortifie
themfelves, and to entitle the Merchants oi Amjlerdam to an abfolute
Propriety and
Dominion of the Country, independent of any other 5 buildingTowns, as
Ke'^,^ Am^
jlerdam raifing Forts, d-sOrafige Fort, near the Branch of the Nordt

^iver, which they

cAl Hell-Gate. Complaint whereof being made ioK'm^ Charles, and by his
Am*
baifador

^^"^^-"^

'^^""^

mi

1>

n-y

--^X

<S

^*a*V>'

'J

!, 1;

'f'.'t-

;Cliap. II. <iJ M E \^I C J.

baffador reprefented to the States, they difown the biifinefs, and
declare by Publick
Inftrument , that it was onely a private Undertaking, y,^. of the IVcJlhdu Company oiAmprdm. Whereupon a Commiirion was granted to Sir George Cahert,
made Lord SMmore in Ireland, to Poflefs and Plant the Southern parts
therwf, lyin<T
towards rirpma, by the name of Marj-Uiid and to Sir Edmund Loyden, to
Plant the
Northern parts towards New England, by the name of WoV Mion : Which
makes
the Dutch the fecond time feem willing to compound ; and for the Sum of
two
thoufandand five hundred Pounds, they offer to be gone, and leave all
they had
there. But taking advantage of the troubles in B/g/W, which then began
to appear,
and foon after foUow'd , they not only go back from their firft
Propofitions, and
make higher Demands , but alfo moft mifchievoufly ( as fome report )
fu'rnifli
,- the Natives with Arms, and teach them the ufe of them, as it may be
thought, expeding to ufe their help upon occafion, againft the Englip.
.After His Majefties Reftauration , His Majefty being truly inform'd of
his juft
Pretences to all that Ufurp'd Territory call'd New ^etherland, ( the
fame having
, been formerly part of New England) and of how great prejudice to the
Aft of Na"^
vigation, and how dangerous Intruders the Dutchmen are generally upon
other
Princes Dominions, what mifchief might enfue to all our g;,/;
plantations in
time of War , if the Dutch were permitted to ftrengthen themfelves in
the very
heart of His.Majefties Dominions, being Mafters of one of the moft
commodious
Ports and Rivers in Anerka : His Majefty refolv'd to feize upon the
fame, as his
undoubted Right, and in May 1664. having defign'd four Commiffioners to
the

perfeamg of Affairs in New England, Collonel <^chard Njchoh, Sir ^ofort

Carr,
George Qartwright, and Samuel Malt,rick Efquires, with three Ships of
War to convey
them to Softon : The matter was fo order'd, that the fame Ships ferv'd
for the reducing of the Town and Fort of 2n{.* Jmfterdam, upon conditions,
advantageous
to His Majefty, and eafie to the Dutch.
Now begins New Netherland to lofe the Name, for His Majefty having
conferr'd
by Patent upon his Royal Highncfs the Duke oilork and Jlbany, all the
Acquifiti.
ons made upon Foraigners , together vi kh Long-IJland , the Weft end
whereof
was wholly fetled and Peopled by Dutch-men his Royal Highnefs
impower'd by
Commiffion as his Deputy-Governor, Colonel Nichols, Groom of his Bedcharaber, to take the Charge and Direaion of Reducing and Governing all thofe
Terri.
toriesjit was by h.m thought fit,to change fome principal denominations
of Places,'
y>K- New Netherland into York-fiire-, New Amftcrdam into New York; FortJmfcel into Fort,
james; Fort-Orange into Fort.Albany ., and withal, to change !
Burgomafters,Schepen, and
Scho,^, into Mayor, Aldermen, and Sheriff, with Juftices of the Peace ;
fo that all
the Civil Policy is conformable to the Methods and Praftife of England,
whereas
K'w England retains only the name of Onftahle in their whole Rolls of
Civil Officers, o
I: is plac'd upon the neck of the Iftand Manhatans, looking towards the
Sea encompafs'd with Hud/on s River, which is fix Miles broad ; the Town is
compaft
and oval, with very fair Streets and feveral good Houfes ; the reft are
built much
aher the manner of Holland, to the number of about four hundred Houfes,
which
m thofe pamoate held confiderable : Upon one fide of the Town is JamesFort,
capable to lodge three hundred Souldiers and Officers ; it hath four
Baftions, forty
Pieces of Cannon mounted; the Walls of Stone, lin'd with a thick Rampart
of
tarth ; we 1 accommodated with a Spring of frefh Water, always furnift'd
with
Arms and Ammunition, againft Accidents : Diftant from the Sea feven
Leagues,
It affords a fafe Entrance, even to unskilful Pilots , under the Town
fide, Ships of

.' ' ' * any

mi

Mitnhattans
River.

Wholefom
[Waters,

^rees.;

any Burthen may Ridefecure againft anyStorms, the Current of the River
being
broken by the interpofition of a fmall Ifland, which lies a Mile diftant
from the
Town.
About ten Miles from Nelo York is a Place call'd Hell-Gate, which being
a narrow Paffage, there runneth a violent Stream both upon Flood and Ebb ;
and in the
middle lie fo me Rocky Iflands, which the Current fets fo violently
upon, that
it threatens prefent Shipwrack j and upon the Flood is a large Whirl
wind^, which
continually fends forth a hideous roaring, enough to affright any
Stranger from
paffing farther, and to wait for fome Charon to condud him through j yet
to thofe
that are well acquainted,little or no danger : It is a place of great
Defence againft
any Enemy coming in that way, which a fmall Forticfiation would
abfolutely
prevent, and neceffitate them to come in at the Weft end o^ Long-lfland
by Sandy
Hook.vvhtre Ts^utten IJland forces them within the Command of the Fort
at New Yorky
which is one of the beft Pieces of^Defence in the North parts o^
America, It is built

moft of Brick and Stone, and covered with red and black Tyle, and the
Land being
high, it gives, atadiftanceapleafingprofpea to the Speaators, The
Inhabitants
confift moft o^ English and Dutch, and have a confiderable Trade with
Indians for
Beaver, Otter, and ^ackoon^Skms, with other Furrs j as alfo for Bear,
Deer and
/^e'Skins and are fupply'd with Venifon and Fowl in the Winter, and
Fifh in
the Summer by the Indians, which they buy at an eafie Rate ; and having
the Countrey round about them, they are continually furnifli'd with all fuch
Provifions as
is needful for the Life of Man, not onely by the Englljh and Dutch
within their own,
but likewife by the adjacent Colonies.
The Manhattans, or Great (I(i>er, being the chiefeft, having with two
wide Mouths
'waQi'd the mighty Ifland Watouioaks, falls into the Ocean. The Southern
Mouth
is caird fort May, or Godym 'Bay. In the middle thereof lies an Ifland
call'd The
States Ifland -, and a little higher the Manhattans, fo call'd from the
Natives, which
on the Baft fide of the River dwell on the Main Continent. They are a
cruel People, and Enemies to the Hollanders, as alfo of the Sanhikans, which
refide on the
Weftern Shore. Farther up are the Makwaes and Mahikans, which
continually War
one againft another. In like manner all the Inhabitants on the Weft fide
of the Ri*
\er Manhattan ^rQ commonly ^t Enmity with thofe that pofl'efs the
Eaftern Shore j
who alfo us'd to be at variance with the Hollanders, when as the other
People
Weftward kept good Correfpondency with them.
On a fmall Ifland near the Shore of the Mah^aes, lay formerly a Fort,
provided
with two Drakes and eleven Stone Guns, yet was at laft deferred.
This Countrey hath many removable Water-falls, defcending from fteep
Rocks,
large Creeks and Harbors , frefh Lakes and Rivulets, pleafant Fountains
and
Spdngs, fome of which boyl in the Winter, and are cold and delightful to
drink in
Summer. The Inhabitants never receive any damage by Deluges j neither
from
the Sea, becaufe the Water rifes not above a Foot j nor by the fwelling
Rivers,
which fometimes, for a few days covering the Plains, at their deferring
them,
leave them fat and fruitful. The SeaCoaft is Hilly, and of a fandy and

clayic
Soil, which produces abundance of Herbs and Trees.
The Oak grows there generally fixty or fevency Foot high,and for the
moft part
free from Knots, which makes it the better fit for Shipping.
The Nut.trees afford good Fuel, and a ftrange Profped when the Wood is
fet
on fire;, either to hunt out a Deer, or to clear the Ground fit to be
Till'd.
Some Plants brought hither, grow better than in Holland it felf, as
Apples, Pears,
Cherries, Peaches, Apricocks, Strawberries^ and the like.
Their

BiiiiflinriiiiiiiM

Chap. II.

d M E%_^1 C A.

17'

Their Vines grow wild in moll places, and bear abundance of blue,
white," and
Muskadine Grapes : Sometime fince the Inhabitants made a confiderable
advan.
tage by the Wine of chem, which is not inferior to either 1(hemJhot
French.
All manner of Plants known in Europe grow in their Gardens : The Water,
Lemmons, no lefs pleafing to the Palate than healthfuL^hen grown ripe
they are
about the bignefs of an indifferent Cabbage : the Englijh prefs a Juice
out'of them,
which if It did not turn fowre in a fliort time, might well be compar'd
with Spamp Wine.
The Calabajhes which grow there, made hollow, ferve for Water.cups.
Pumpions are alfo there in great abundance.

Their Wheat though Set fix Foot deep, grows very fpeedily : Kidney-Beans
being planted amongft it, they will wind about the Stalks thereof.
Gray Peafe grow here fo faft, that they gather them twice a year.
In one Field Phyfical Herbs and Indigo grow wild in great abundance ;
and Bar.
ley Iprings above a Mans heighth. Moreover, there are divers forts of fwcet-fmelling Flowers.
The Hills are mod of a fat and clayie Soil, fit to make Pots, Tobaccopipes, or
any other fort of Earthen Ware. '
In fome places alfo isftore ofMountain Cryftal, and that fort of Mineral
which
we call Mufcoyla Gla/s : Others afford Marble, Serpentine Stone, and
other forts
ot hard Stone. And though theNatives did not think it worth their while,
or were
not in a^capacity to dig for Minerals themfelves, yet it remains without
contradiction, that the Mountains inclofe both Gold and Silver.
When Captain W,ll,am Qief, Anno .645. us'd the Indum Interpreter
J^heroenfc
(to decide the Differences which arofe between the Weft-ld,a Company
and the wild
1 eopie call'd JWW,) heobferv'd him to paint his Face with a yellow
dittering
colour which he judg'd to be of fome rich Mineral : whereupon buying
fome of
the laid Jgheroenfe, he put it into a Crufible, and gain'd two fmall
pieces of Gold
utoftneiame,valu-d at fix Shillings; but keeping it private, and
purchafing a

' Vin!?si

Water Lem=
mons.

Wheat/ ^

Pcaf?;

Soy! of tb^
Moijntsins,

Gold and SiJ.

ver-Mines.

T %

greats
j3 -

lyi

Paint after a
itraiige manner.

Horfcs.

Hog9.

Lyons.

lack Sears,

Strange
Bealis.

\Mi

<a M E % I C J. ' Chap. II.

great quantity ofthefaid Mineral from^^/;fro?;2/e (who had (liowMhim the
Mountain which produced the fame) extraded good (tore of Gold out of it ;
which poffe/Ting CZ/V/f with a belief of having found out a bufinefs of great
confequence, he
fent Jrent Qorfen of New-haye?! with the fort-mention'd Mineral to
Holland j but the
Ship being never heard of afcerw^ards, and the Princefs Pink, in which
Captain
Clicjfwas himfclf, with ftore of the new=found Mineral, being call away,
the Bu
iineil came to nothing.
The Inhabitants, though divided into feveral Nations^, yet agree in many
things,
as in painting their Bodies, Shields, Clubs, and other Utenfils in their
Houfes,
The Colours wherewith they paint themfelves they prefs out of Plants, or
make them of certain Stones grownd into very fine Powder. The chiefeft
Plant is
not unlike the Myrtle, onely it hath more Boughs, and bears red Berries
^ the Juice
of which beina dry'd in the Sun, is afterwards preferv'd in little Bags.
The Natives temper their Colours with Water, and paint their Bodies with the
fame : It
is as good a Purple as can be found. They alfo draw Ships, Trees, and
Beafts after
a very rou<7h manner : In Head of Feathers they wear pleited Hair,
which' being
coloured red, hath an excellent glofs, which never fades though it Rain
on the
fame.
The Horfes bred in this Countrey, being either brought thither from En^
land or Utrecht, far exceed thofe of Hg/i/7? breed ; but are both of
them fubje(5t to a
ftrancre Difcafe, of which many die in few hours. The fame Diftcmper
alfo feizes
on Cattel if they go into Forrefl: Pafture : But the onely thing to cure
the fame, is
Hay from fait Marfliy Grounds. ^
The Oaken Woods have ftore of Hogs, which if taken and fatned with
Turkijh
Wheat, are moft delicious Meat.
The Sheep, though they breed well there, yet are very fcarce, becaufe
the Planters not being able to fpare Men to watch them, they are often devoured
by
Wolves.

There are alfo abundance of Deer^ all forts of Fowls, Turkies, Gcc[e,
Ducks,
Pigeons, and the like.
The Lyons, whofe Skins the Indians bring to Market, are taken on a high
Mountain fifteen days Journey SouthWe(l from thence.
There are likewife many black Bears, fearful of humane kind, but if
Hunted,
they run dired: on thofe that purfue them : they deep all the Winter,
lying fix
Weeks on one fide, and fix on the other, and fucking their Feet all the
time : They
generally lurk among Brambles, or in the Concavities of fome hollow
Mountain.
On the Borders of Canada there is feen fometimes a kind of Bead which
hath
fome refemblance with a Horfe, having cloven Feet, fliaggy Mayn, one
Horn juft
on their Forehead, a Tail like that of a wild Hog,, black Eyes, and a
Deers Neck :
it feeds in the ncareft Wildernefies : the Males never come amongft the
Females
except at the time when they Couple^, after which they grow fo ravenous,
that they
not onely devour other Beafts, but alfo one another.
Towards the South of New York are many Biiffles, Beafts which (according
to
Erafmm Stella) are betwixt a Horfe and a Stag : though they are of a
ftrongConftitution, yet they die of the fmalleft Wound, and are fubjed: to the
Falling=ficknefs : they have broad branchy Horns like a Stag, fhort Tail, rough
Neck, Hair
coloured according; to the feveral Seafons of the Year, broad and lone
Ears, hanging Lips, little Teeth, and Skin fo thick, as not eafie to be pierced :
The Females
differ from the Males, for they have no Horns ; both may eafily be made
tame :
when Hunted, they vomit out a fort of fcalding Liquor on the Dogs: they
have
great

1,

Chap. II.

A M E%^1C A,

- :>i

great force in tjeir Claws, for they can kill a Wolf with the fae at
o5e blor :
ficknef! '" ' ' '' ' ^*^ '" " ''''" ^''''' ''*'" -^"^ "^^ f
^"'"gBut no Beafts are more plentiful here than Harts and Stags, which feed
up and ""
down in great Herds : when they are Hunted by Wolves or Men, they
immedi.
ate y take the next R'ver. where they are caught feveral together, by
being crofs'd
m the.r S w.mm.ng, and affrighted by the Eccho which comes from the
Mountains
made by the Hunters hollowing on the other Shore, which makes them
fearful of
Landmg : whilft the Huntfmen joyning feveral pieces of Wood together get
upon^them, and Rowing towards thefe Deer, intercept them, being tir'd and
out of
Moreover this Countrey breeds many Musk Cats, efpecially in Marfhy Mu.to..
Grounds. Thefe Beafts are beautiful to the Eye, having black fpeckled
Skins^
theurMouths fuUoffliarpTeeth.andtheirTailsbeinglongtrailafcerthem. '
Many of the Learned maintain a Difpute concerning Civet, Whether it be
the
Seed of the Civet-Cat ? the Affirmative, which C.Mnus maintained, is
contradided
by JuUus Scahffr. MmMm, an Author of no little credit, fuppofes that
Civet is

the Sweat of the Cat, becaufe it is moll chiefly taken when thefe Beafts
arc exceedingly vex d and weaned . But fince the Sweat runs from all parts of the
Body
which neverthelefs do not all produce Civet, it is impoflible that Sweat
fliould be
Civet. Others account Civet to be the Dung of the Cars ; which laft
feems to
come neareft to truth: for certainly ic is nothing elfe but an Excrement
in the
flefiiy parts about their Pizzle, or near the Fundament. The Cats being
in pain
to be difcharg d of this Civet, free themfelves from it by rubbing a
Tree a.d alfo
fawn on thofe which take it from them with a Spoon. , o
Belides all other wild Crcafurps fli <^. .,.. iT> i J 1 , '^'"'"'^"> the Countrey according to Ailrmn Fander
Vonk, produces yearly eiehtv thoufanH Rpavpr. tpn . ! .11,-
^ff n- 1 J t '&"7 '^""'"'' "savers, 'i 'w;i relates, that thefe
Beafts bite "' '''s''
offtneir P^les and throw them to the Hunter, which are an .xceedmg good
Me- """
i.c.ne to help Abortion, ftop die Monethly Flowers, Giddmefs m the Head
I Gouc.

'74-

<l M E %rC A.

Chap. II.

Fowls in
Nevct Torkj.

Gont Lamenefs, Belly and Toothcach, Rhumes, Poyfonj and the Evil.' But
<?%
makes a great miftake herein, for the Beavers have a fmall Piflel
faften'd to their
Back-bone, in fuch a manner, that they cannot loofc them but with hazard
of their
lives : They live in the Water, and on the Shore, in great companies
together, in
Ncfts built of Wood, which deferve no fmall admiration , being m^ade
after this
manner : The Beavers firfl gather all the loofe Wood, which they find
along the
Banks of the Rivers, of which, iftherebenot enough, they bite the Bark
off from
the Trees in the neighboring Woods, then with their Tusks, of which two
grow
above, and two below in their Mouths, they gnaw the main body of the
Tree fo
long, till it drops afunder : Their Nefts very artificial, are fix
Stories high, covered
on the top with Clay to keep out Rain j in the middle is a paflagc which
goes to
the River, into which they run fo foon as they perceive a Man j to which
purpofe
one of them ftands Sentinel, and in the Winter keeps open the Water from
freezing, by continual moving of his Tail, which is flat without Hair, and
the moft
delicious Meat that can be had. The Beavers go big fixteen Weeks, and
once a
year bring forth four young, which fuck and cry like young Children ,
for the
Dam of them rifes on her hinder Feet, and gives her Teats, which grow
between
the fore-legs to two of her young, each of them one ; the foremoft legs
of a Beaver
refemble thofe of a Dog, the hindermoft thofe of aGoofe ; on each fide
of the vent
are two fwellings within two thin Skins ; out of their vent runs
generally an Oily
moyfture, with which they anoint all the parts of their body which they
can reach,
to keep them from being wet ; within they are like a cut-up Hog ; they
live on the
Leaves and Barks of Trees ; they love their young ones exceedingly j the
long
Hairs, which fliining,-ftick out on the back, fall off in Summer, and
grow again
againft Harveft; they have (hort Necks, ftrong Sinews and Legs, and move
very
fwiftly in the Water, and on the Land ; if incompafs'd-by Men or Dogs,
they bite
mofl feverely the right CaHorewn,Co highly efteem'd by Phyficians, is
a long Veftca,
not unlike a Pear,within the body of the female Beaver, the hdiaris

mince the Cods

of the Male Beavers amongft their Tobacco, becaufc they produce no
Cafionunu
This Country abounds alfo with Fowls ; for befides Hawks, Kites, and
other
Birds of Prey, there are abundance of Cranes, of fevcral forts, fome
grey, fome
brown,others auite white ; all of them have firm Bodies, and Bones
without Marrow, Claws of a finger long, ftrong and crooked Bills, their Brains dry,
their Eyes
little and hollow, hard Features, the left Foot lefler than the right,
both dcform'd,
their Blood thick, and the Excrements of a horrid fmell ; they breed
moft in old
Woods, whofe ground is without Brambles, and alfo near the Water, for
they
feed on Fifli, and devour all forts of Fowls, nay, fnatch up Hares,
Rabbets, Tortels andfeveral other forts of Animals, which they carry away with them
in the
Air ; nay, when hungry, they feize on one another 5 fome of them fly
abroad for
their prey about noon, others at Sun-rifing ; they fall like Lightning
on what e're
they purfue ; they drink little, except the Blood of thofe Creatures
which they devour they are very libidinous, coupling above thirty times a day, not
only with
their like, but alfo with the Hens of Hawks, and other Birds j they lay
their biggeft Eggs in thirty days, and the lefler in twenty days ; they generally
bring forth
three youn<T J thofe of them that cannot endure to look full againft the
Sun, are
thrown out of their Nefts ; the young ones when they begin to be
fledg'd, are by
the old carry'd into the Air, and let flie, but fupported by them ;
their fight is
wonderful quick j for though they flie as high as ever they are able to
be difcern'd^
yet they can fee the leaft FiOi that is in the Water, and a Hare lying
in the Buflies:
their Breath ftinks horribly , wherefore their Carcafes fuddenly rotthough the)
aij

11

Hg.

CKap. IL

^ M E X^I C A.

are libidinous, yet they live long j moft of them die of hunger, becaufe
their Bills
when they grow old_, grow fo crooked, that they cannot open the fame,
wherefore they flie up into the Air againft the Sun , and falling into the
coldeft Rivers
loofe their Feathers and die. , >
Befides the foremention'd Birds of prey, there are abundance of Storks,
Ravens,
Crows, Owls, Swallows, Gold-finches, Ice-birds, Kites, Quails,
Pheafants, and
Winter iQ'wgi, and which are mofl: remarkable for their rich Feathers,
the Sbechtes,
they pick great holes in Trees, and make a noife as if a Man were
cutting down a
Tree. The Pigeons flie in fuch flocks, that the Indians remove with them
to the
place where they make their Nefl:SjWhere the young ones being, taken by
hundreds,
ferve them for a Moneths Proviflon.
Moreover, ]>lew York breeds a ftrange Bird about a Thumb long, full of
gliftering Feathers j it lives by fucking of Flowers like a Bee, and is fo
tender, that
it immediately dies if water be fpirted upon it j the Carcafe being
dry'd, is kept
for a Rarity.
But this Countrey abounds chiefly inTurkies, whofe plenty deferves no
lefs
admiration than their bulk, and the delicious tafte of their Flefli,for
they go feeding
forty or fifty in a flock, and weigh fometime forty or fifty pound
apiece ; the Natives either flioot them, or take them with a Bait fl:uck on an Angle :
In March Sind
Harvefl: the Waters fwarm with Gcefcj Teal, Suites, Ducks, and Pelicans,
befides
many fl:range forts of Fowls not known in Europe.
The Rivers and Lakes produce Sturgeon, Salmon, Carps, Pearch, Barbils,
all
forts of Eels, and many other Fifh which are taken near Water.falls :
The Sea affords Crabs with and without Shells, 'Sea-cocks, and Horfes, Cod,

Whiting,Ling,
Herrings, Mackrel, Flounders, Tar-buts, Tortels, and Oyfl:ers, of which
fome are
a Foot long, and have Pearl, but are a little brownifh.
Amongfl: the Poyfonous Creatures which infefl; New hrk, the chiefefl:
and moft
dangerous is the ^ttle-Snake , whofe defcription we have already had at
larae in
tie"^ England,
The Inhabitants have their Hair black as Jet , harfli like Horfe-hair ;
they are
broad Shoulder'd, fmall Wafl:ed, brown Ey'd, their Teeth exceeding white
j with
Water they chiefly quench their Thirfl: : Their general Food is
Flefli,Fifli,and Indian
Wheat, which fl:amp'd, is boyl'd to a Pap, by them call'd Sappaen : They
obferve
no fet time to Eat, but when they have an Appetite their Meals begin.
Beavers
Tails are amongfl: them accounted a great Dainty : When they go to Hunt,
they
live feveral days on parch'd Corn, which they carry in little Bags ty'd
about their
middle ; a little of that faid Corn thrown into Water fwells
exceedingly.
Henry Hud/on relates, That Sailing in the River Montains^ in forty
Degrees, he
faw the Indians make fl:range Geftures in their Dancing and Singing j he
obferv'd
farther, that they carry'd Darts pointed with fliarp Stones, Sodder'd to
the Woodthat they flept under the Sky on Mats or Leaves ; took much Tobacco, and
very
ftrongj and that though courteous and friendly, they were very Thieves.
He
Sailing thirty Leagues further, went in his Boat to an old hdian
Commander of
forty Men and feventeen Women, who conduced him to the Shore, where they
all
dwelt in one Houfe, artificially built of the Barks of Oak-trees j round
about it
lay above three Ships load of Corn, and Indian Beans to dry, befides the
Plants
which grew in the Fields. No fooner had Hudfon enter'd the Houfe , but
he was
receiv'd on two Mats fpread on the ground j and two Men immediately were
fent
out to (hoot Venifon or Fowls ; and inflantly returning, brought two
Pigeons j a
/at Dog, whom they nimbly flea'd with fliells, was alfo laid down to the
fire ;
They

Pigeons^

Pretty Birds.'

Turkiei,

Fia.

Kattk- Snaked

Conftitution cf the Inhabitants.

Their DietJ

Hudfons.
adventures
r emarkabJe.

lytf

A M E "Kl C A.

Chap. !!

therlanders
Apparel.

Theit houfes.

They alfo made other Preparations for Hudfons Entertainment, but not
willing to
venture himfelf amongft them, that Night.tafted not of it,
notwithftandingthe Idtans breaking their Darts, threw them into the fire, that thereby they
might drive
away all fears and jealoufies from him.
The Habits of the Natives,efpecially of the Men,arefeW; the Women go
more
neat than the Men ; and though the Winter pinches them with exce/Tive
cold, yet
they go naked till their thirteenth year : Both Men and Women wear a
Girdle of
Whale-fins and Sea^Jhells j the Men put a piece of Cloth, half an Ell
long , and
three quarters broad, between their Legs, fo that a fquare piece hangs
behind below his Back, and another before over his Belly. The Women wear a Coat
which
comes half way down their Legs,fo curioufly wrought with Sea-Jhelh
ytha.t one Coac
fometimes cofts thirty Pounds. Moreover, their Bodies are cover'd with
Deerskins, the lappets or ends of which hang full of Points ; a large Skin
button'd on
the right Shoulder, and ty'd about the middle, ferves for an upper
Garment, and
in the Night for a Blanket : Both Men and Women go for the moft part
bareheaded ; the Women tie their Hair behind in a tuft, over which they wear
a fquarc
Cap wrought with Sea-jhelh, with which they adorn their Foreheads, and
alfo wear
the fame about their Neck and Hands, and feme alfo about their middle.
Before
the Hollanders were Planted here, they wore Shoes and Stockings of
S/Wo'j-skins ;
fome likewife made Shoes of Wheaten:.ftraw , but of late they come
nearer to our
Fafhions : The Men Paint their Faces with feveral Colours j the Women
only
put here and there a black Spot j both of them are very referv'd.
Their Houfes are moft of them biiilt of one fafhion, oncly differing in
length ;
all of them agree in breadth of twenty Foot : They build after this
manner , they
fet Peel'd Boughs of Nut-Trees in the ground, according to the bignefs
of the
place which they intend to build , then joyning the tops of the Boughs
together,
they cover the Walls and top with the Bark of Cyprefs, Afhen, and Cheftnut-

Trees , which arc laid one upon another , the fmalleft fide being turn'd
inwards :
according to the bignefs of the Houfes, feveral Families, to the number
of fifteen
dwell

mmm^

Chap. II.. ^ ^ M E %^I C A,

dwell together, every one Iiaving his Apartment. I'heir Fortifications
are moft of
them buik on deep Hills , near Rivers ^ the s-ccti^s to them is onely at
one place,
they arc buik after this manner : They let great Poles in the Ground,
with Oaken
fpallifadoes on each fide, crofs-urays one amongft another j between the
crofles they
fet other Trees, to ftrcngthen the Work : Within this inclosM they
generally build
twenty or thirty Houfes, of which fome are a hundred and eighty Foot
long, and
fomelei'ijdl of them full of People : In the Summer they pitch Tents
along by
theRiver fide to Fifii J againfl: Winter they remove into the Woods, to
be near
their Game of Hunting, and alfo Fuel.
To take many Women is not cuftomary here , only amongft Military
Officers,
whoMarry three or four Wives, which fo well agree, that there is never
any difference betwixt them ; thofe that are not of Age, never Marry but wkh
the confent
and advice of their Parents : Widows and unmarry'd Men follow their own
opinion and choice 5 only they take Cognizance of their Eftates and Extraaion
: The
Bridegroom always prcfents the Bride 5 for the leail offence, the Man
after Laving
foundly beaten his Wife, turns her out of Doors, and Marries another,
infomuch,
that fome of them have every year a new Wife: On breach of Marriage, the
Children follow the Mother j from vvhom they account their Generation : They
account Adultery, if committed under the bare Canopy of Heaven, a great
Sin :
Whoring is Licenced to fingle Women, if they receive Money for it, artd
no Man
fcruples to Marry them 5 nay, thofe that are Marry'd, boall how many
they have

enjoy'd before their Marriage : She that is inclined to Marry, covers

her whole
body, and fets her felf wrapt up in the middle of the way , where a
Batchelor
paffing by fees her, and makes up the Match blindfold : When
impregnated, they
take great care that their Fruit receives no hindrance nor prejudice :
When the
time of their Delivery approaches, (which they knowexadily) they go to a
Mclancholly place in the Woods, though in the coldeft Weather, where they
raife up a
Hut of Mats, and bring the Child into the World without any help or
Company,
wafh the Child in cold Water, and wrap it up in Mats j then a few days
after going home , they bring up the Infant with great care, none putting them
out to
Kurfe : So long as a Woman gives fuck, or is quick with Child, fhe will
not adrak of Copulation ; one who hath the Flowers, never comes abroad : In
time of
ficknefs they faithfully affift one another: When any die , the nearefl
Relations
fliut their Eyes ; and after having watched them fome days, they are
Interred after
this manner : The Corps is placM fitting with a Stone under ks Head,
near k they
fet a Pot, Kettle, Difli, Spoons, Money^^ and Provifions to ufe in the
other Worldj
then they pile Wood round about it, and cover it over with Planks, on
which
throwing Earth and Stones, they fee ^aliifadoes, and make the Grave like
a Houfe^
to which they fliew Veneration, wherefore they account it a great piece
of villany
to deface any thing of k : The Men make no fliew of forrow over the
Dead, but
the Women mourn exceedingly, and carry themfelves very Rrangely, beating
theit
Breads, fcratching their Faces, and calling night and day on the name of
the Deceas'd : The Mothers make great Lamentation at the Death of their
Children, efpecially Sons , for they fliave off the Hair of their Heads, which at
the Funeral is
burnt in the prefence of all their Relations ; which is alfo performed
by the Women when their Husbands die ; befides, they black all their Faces, and
putting on
a Hart-skin Shirt, mourn a whole year, notwichftanding they livM very
contentioully together.
On fome occafions they go a WorOiipping of the Devil, to a certain place
where
the Sorcerers (hew Rrange Feats of A^ivky, ttimblin-g over andover,

beating

77

Remove,

Many Wiveir

Marria?ec,

Whoring f er=
mitted.

Strange Mir.

rymg.

Child- bear-'
ing Womeng
grange afti-j
ons.

Funerals;

Mourning
over the dead
lemarkabl^,'-

Conjiircrii

:ni'

^^^^Mii^ ak t% 7 '

lyS

Language of
the iyifw Xethnlanders.

Money.

Vices and
Vcrtues.

Strange
Stove?.

Arms.

Remarkable
aftions of
fome Prifon-

Ijws.

AMERICA. Chap. II.

themfelves, and not without great noife leaping in and about a great
Fire : at lad
they make a great Cry all together j upon which (as they fay) the Devil

appears to
them in the fhape either of a tame or wild Bcaft : the firft fignifies
bad ,and the other
good fortune j both inform them of future Events, though darkly ; and if
the buiinefs fall out contrary, they affirm that they have not rightly
underftood the Devil's meaning. Moreover they bewitch fome in fuch a manner, that they
foam at
the Mouth, throw themfelves into the Fire, and beat themfelves feverely
and fo
foon as they whifper in the Ear of thofe whom they have bewitched, they
immediately recover their former health.
The Language of this Countrey is very various, yet it is divided
intoonely four
principal Tongues, as the Manhattans ^ Waj^j^anoo, SiaVanoo, and
hfrnqua's^ which are
very difficult for Strangers to learn, becaufe they are fpoken without
any Grounds
or Rules.
Their Money is made
caft up
twice a year by the
Hole in.
the middle, cutting
Strings,, which
then ferve in ftead

of the innermofl: Shells of a certain ShelUfifli,

Sea : Thcfe Shells they grind fmooth, and make a
them of an cxa6t bignefs, and fo put them on
of Gold, Silver, and Copper Coin.

Now to fay fomethingof the Vices and Vertues of the Inhabitants. They
arc
in the firft place very flovenly and nafty, ftubborn, covetous,
revengefuljand much
addid:ed to filching and ftealing. Some appear referv'd, ufing few
words, which
they utter after ferious confideration, and remember a long time. Their
Underflandings being improved by the Hollandersj they are quick of
apprehenfion, to diftinguifh good from bad : they will not endure any OppreiIion,but are
very patient
of Heat, Cold, Hunger and Thirft. They have a ftrange way of ufing
Stoves, which
are fet in the Ground and cover'd with Earth, into which they go through
a little
Door. A fick Perfon coming into the fame fets himfelf down, and places
hot
Stones round about him ; which done, and having fweat a confiderable
time, he
leaps into cold Water, by which he finds eafe of all his Diftempers.
Though thefe People know no great diftindtion between Man and Man, as
other Nations, yet they have noble and ignoble Families amongft them fuperior
and inferior Offices, which they enjoy by Inheritance ^ but fometimes

the Martial
Offices are beftowed according to the Valour of the Perfons : Their
Generals feldom give their Enemies a Field-Battel, by drawing or dividing their Men
into Regiments or Companies, but make it their whole Defign to defeat their
Enemies by
fudden Sallies from Ambulcado's; for they never ftand outak;lofe Fight,
unlefs
compeird to it, but if encompafs'd round, they fight to the laft Man.
When any
danger threatens, the Wcmien and Children are conveyed to a fecure
place. Their
Arms formerly were Bowes and Arrows, and Battel-axes, but now they ufe
Muf*
quets, which they have learned to handle with great dexterity. Their
fquare
Shields cover all their Bodies and Shoulders. About their Heads they tie
a Snakes
Skin, in the middle of which fi:icks either a Fox's or Bear's Tail. They
cannot be
known by their Faces, they are all over fo befmear'd with Paint of
divers colours.
They feldom give Quarter to their Enemies, except Women and Children,
which
the Conquerors ufe as their own, that by that means they may' increafe
and
fi:rengthen themfelves : and if any Prifoner is not kilTd prefently
after the Battel,
but falls into the Hands of one whofe Relations have formerly been (lain
by his
Party, he is Roafi:ed three days by degrees before he gives up the
Ghoft. It deferves no fmall admiration, that the Sufferer during the whole time of
his Torture,
Sings till he breathes his laft. They have few or no Punifliments for
any Offence,
committing few Crimes which are by them accounted Capital. If any one
fteal,
and

ChapJI. ^ A M E R I C A.
and the Goods be found in his cuftody, the Governor of the place where
he rc/ides
commands him onely to reftore the fame to the Owner. If any one miirther
or kill
the other, the Relations of the flain, if they can take the Malefador in
twenty four
hours, may without Examination or delay put him to death alfo but that
time
being once expir'd, the Revenger is liable to be kiil'd in the fame time
by his Rela-

tions whom he flew. All Obligations have their power and vertue from
certain
Prefents delivered upon the making of a Contrad, which is done thus :
They dry
as many Sticks as they have Articles, which if they agree upon^ every
Man on the
concluding of the Difcourfe lays a Prefent before the others Feeto
Sometimes they
hang up the Prefents^ becaufe they are often three days in Cnfultation
before they
refolve j after which if the Prefents be taken down, it is a certain
fign of their
Agreement J but if not, they proceed no farther, unlefs the Articles and
Prefents
are altered. On Bufinefies of confequence the Commonalty repair to their
Governor's Houfe, there to hear and enquire what the Nobility there aflembled
have
concluded or lefolv'd on j at which the bell Orator (landing up, tells
them their
Intentions. It happens fometimes that a turbulent Perfon making a
Mutiny, and
refufing to hearken to reafon, is immediately beheaded by one of the
Nobility j
in contradi6tion of which none dare prefume to fpeak the lead word.
There are fcarce any fteps of Religion found amongft thefe People, onely
they
fuppofe the Moon to have great influence on Plants. The Sun, which
overlooks
all things, is call'd to witnefs whene're they Swear. They bear great
refpea:, and
ftand much in fear o^ Satan j becaufe they are often plagued by him when
they go a
Hunting or Fifhing : wherefore the firft of what they take is burnt in
honor of
him, that he to whom they afcribe all wickednefs might not hurt them.
When
they feel pain in any part of their Body, they fay that the Devil fits
in the fame.
They acknowledge that there refides a God above the Stars, but troubles
not him^
felf with what the Devil doth on Earth, becaufe he continually recreates
himfelf
with a moft beautiful Goddefs, whofe original is unknown : She on a
certain time
(fay they) defcended from Heaven into the Water, (for before the
Creation all
things were Water) into which (lie had inftantly funk, had not the Earth
arofe under her Feet, which grew immediately to fuch a bignefs, that there
appeared a
World of Earth, which product all forts of Herbs and Trees ; whilft the
Goddefs
taking to her felf a Hart,Bear,and Wolf, and Conceivingby them, flie was
not long
after delver'd of feveral Beafts at one time : and from thence proceeded

not onely
the diverfity of Beafts, but alfo Men, of which fomeare black, white, or
fallow;
in nature fearful like a Hart, or cruel and valiant like a Bear, or
deceitful like
Wolves: after this the Mother of all things afcended up to Heaven again,
and
fported there with the Supream Lord, whom they fay they know not,
becaufe they
never faw him : wherefore they fliall have lefs to anfwer for than
Qmftians, which
pretend to knowhim tobe the PuniOier of things both good and bad, which
are
daily committed by them: and for this ridiculous Opinion they can hardly
be
brought to embrace the Qmfiian Faith.
Concerning the Souls of the Deceafed,they believe, that thofe which have
been
good m their life-time, live Southward in a temperate Countrey,where
they enjoy
all manner of pleafure and delight 5 when as the Wicked wander up and
down in a
miferable Condition. The Eccho which refounds from the Cries of wild
Beafls in
the Night, they fuppofe to be the Spirits of Souls tranfmigrated into
wicked
Bodies,
htthtu Canticas, or Dancing-Matches, where all Perfons that come are
freely
Entertain'd, it being a Fellival time. Their Cuftom is when they Dance,
for the
Spe(5lator

79

Coundl-Af;

;Ji 210111.

Diabolical
Worfhip.

Their,ridiailous Opinion

of God.

As alfo of the
Creation.

Of the Tmmortality of
the Soul.

Their CamL
fdV/or Dan
cjng.

'^''WS'^

iJt^

i8o

A M E'Kl C A.

Cliap. 11.

iii

Their fitting
ia Ccuncil.

Spe(5latoi-s to havefhort Sticks in their Hands, and to knock the Ground

and Sing

altoaethei-, whilft they that Dance fometimes adt Warlike poftures, and
then they
come in painted for War with their Faces black and red, or ionie all
black, fome all
red, with fome ftreaks of white under their Eyes, and fo jump and leap
up and
down without any order, uttering many Exprcflions of their intended
Valour,
For other Dances they onely fhew what antick Tricks their ignorance will
lead
them to, wringing of their Bodies and Faces after a ftrange manner,
fometimes
jumping into the Fire, fometimes catching up a Firebrand, and biting off
a live
Coal, with many fuch tricks, that will affright rather than pleafe an
EngUp^mzn
to look upon them, refembling rather a company of infernal Furies than
Men.
When their King or Sachem fits in Council, he hath a Company of Arm'd
Men to
guard his Perfon, great refped being fhewn him by the People, which is
princi' pally manifefted by their filence. After he hath declared the caufe of
their Convention, he demands their Opinion, ordering who fliall begin : The
Perfon ordcr'd to fpeak, after he hath declar'd his mind, tells them he hath done
: no Man
ever interrupting any Perfon in his Speech, nor offering to fpeak,
though he make
never fo many long flops, till he fays he hath no more to fay. The
Council having
all declar'd their Opinions, the King after fome paufe gives the
definitive Sentence,
which is commonly feconded with a fhout from the People, every one
feeming to
applaud andmanifeft their Affentto what is determined.
If any Perfon be condemned to die, which is feldom, unlefs for Murther
or Incefl, the King himfelf goes out in Perfon (for you mufl underfland they
have no
Prifons, and the guilty Perfon flies into the Woods) where they go in
queft of him,
and having found him, the King flioots firfl, though at never fuch a
diflance,
and then happy is the Man that can fhoot him down ; for he that hath the
fortune to be Executioner, is for his pains made fome Captain, or other
Military
Officer.
They greafe their Bodies and Hair very often, and paint their Faces with
feveral Colours, as black, white, red, yellow, blue, <^c^ which they take
great pride in,

every one being painted in a fevcral manner.

Within two Leagues of Kew lork lieth Stateiulfiand ^ it bears from 2^n>
lork Wefl
fomething Southerly : It is about twenty Miles long, and four or five
broad, mofl
of it very good Land, full of Timber, and producing all fuch Commodities
as
Long'Ijland doth, befides Tin and ftore of Iron Oar ; and the Qalamine
Stone is faid
likewife to be found there : There is but one Town upon it, Vonfiflingof
Engltjh
and French J but it is capable of entertaining more Inhabitants.
Betwixt this and Long-Ifland is a large Bay, which is the coming in for
all Ships
and Veffels out of the Sea.
On the North-fide of this Ifland After-shdl River puts into the Main
Land, on
the Wefl^fide whereof there are two or three Towns, but on the Eaft.fide
but one.
There are very great Marfhesor Meadows on both fides of it, excellent
good Land,
and good convenience for the fetling of feveral Towns. There grows black
Walnut and Locufl, as there doth in Virginia, with mighty,tall,flreight
Timber, as good
as any in the North of ^wenc^ : It produceth any Commodity wh'ich
Longlpajtd
doth.
Hudfon's River runs by 2N(^D7 York Northward into the Countrey, towards
the
Head of which is feated NeTi? Jlhajiy, a Place of preat Tr.^de with the
Indians^ betwixt which and Heiv TorA, being above a hundred Miles, is as good Corn
Land as
the World affords, enough to entertain hundreds of Families, which in
the time of
the Vutch Government of thcfe Parts could not be fetled by reafon of the
hdians^ excepting

i8i

Chap. II. A M E Fx. I C A,

cepting one Place, call'd The Sobers, which was kept by a Garrifon, but
ilnce the Reduccment of thefe Parts under His Majefties Obedience, and a Patent
granted to
his Royal Highnefs the Duke of Tork, which is about fix years, by the

care and dili^

genceof the Honorable CollonelN/W;o/x, fent thither as Deputy to his
Highnefs
fuch a League of Peace was made, and Friendfhip concluded betwixt that
Colony
and the Indians^ that they have not refiiled or difturb'd any Chriftians
there, in the
fetling or peaceable poiTeffing of any Lands within that Government, but
every
Man hath fat under his own Vine,and hath peaceably reapM and enjoy'd the
Fruits
of thek own Labors, which God continue.
Weflward of Jfter- skull River before mentioned, about eighteen or
twenty Miles, J^^rhan-Rj-:
runs in <S^aritan River Northward into the Countrey fome fcores of Miles
. both '^'*
fides of which River are adorned with fpacious Meadows,enough to feed
thoufands
of Cattel : The Wood-Lsund is very good for Corn, and ftor'd with wild
Beafts,
as Deer, Elks, and an innumerable multitude of Fowl, as in other parts
of the
Countrey. This River is thought very capable for the ereding of feveral
Towns
and Villages on each fide of it, no place in the North of Jmerica having
better convenience for the maintaining of all forts of Cattel for Winter and
Summer Food.
Upon this River is no Town fetled, onely ons at the Mouth of it j but
next to it
Weftward, is a Place call'd Nei^afons 5 where are two or three Towns and
Villages
fetled upon the Sea-fide, but none betwixt that and Veluware-^ay^ which
is about
fixty Miles, all which is a rich Champain Countrey, free from Stones,
and indifferent level, having ftore of excellent good Timber, and very well
watered, having
Brooks or Rivers ordinarily, one or more in every Miles travel. This
Countrey
is peopled onely with wild Beafls, as Deer, Elks, Bears, and other
Creatures, fo
that in a whole days Journey you fliall meet with no Inhabitants except
a few
Indians. It is alfo full of flately Oaks, whofe broad==branch'd tops
ferve for no other
ufe, but to keep off the Suns heat from the wild Bcafts of the
Wildernefs, where is
Grafs as high as a Man's Middle, which ferves for no other end, except
to maintain the Elks and Deer, who never devour a hundredth part of it, than to
be burnt
every Spring to make way for new. How many poor People in the World
would
think themfelves happy, had they an Acre or two of Land,whilft here is

hundreds,
nay thoufands of Acres that would invite Inhabitants.
2)^/^.^/'e.%, the Mouth of the River, lieth about the mid way betwixt
Kew ^^w.,
Torks^n^thtCaj^es of Virginia. ^''^
The befl Comn^odities for any to carry with them to this Countrey is
Clothing,
the Countrey being full of all forts of Cattel, which they may furnifli
themfelves
withal at an eafie Rate, for any fort of Englifi Goods, as likewife
Inftruments for
Husbandry and Building, with Nails, Hinges, Glafs, and the like. They
get a Livelihood principally by Corn and Cattel,which will there fetch them any
CommodL
ties : Likewife they Sowe fl:ore of Flax, which they make every one
Cloth of for
their own wearing j as alfo Woollen Cloth, and Linfey-wooUey ; and had
they
more Tradefmen amongft them, they would in a little time live without
the help
of any other Countrey for their Clothing ; for Tradefmen there are none
but live
happily there, as Carpenters, Blackfmiths, Mafons,Taylors, Weavers,
Shoemakers,
Tanners, Brickmakers, and To any other Trade : Them that have no Trade
be.
take themfelves to Husbandry, get Land of their own, and live exceeding
well
We fliall conclude our Difcourfe of this Countrey with a notable
Charader gi
ven thereof by a late Writer, as to the great advantage of happy living
in all reIpeds, for whoioever fliall be pleas'd to betake himfelf thither to
live.
V. ' , If ,

k>fe-:.

lU

A M E%I C A.

Cliap-. 11'

The CharaTterofa happy Coi5:".rri.7.

iC

it

F there be any teneftrialhappinefs (faith he) to be had by any People,

efpeci.
ally ofan inferior rank, it muft certainly behere. Here any one may
furn.fli
"himfelf with Land, and live Rent-free, yea, with fuch a quantity of
Land, that
"he tnay weary himfelf with walking over his Fields of Corn, and all
forts of
" Grain, and let his Stock amount to fome hundreds ; he needs not fear
there want
of Pafture in the Summer, or Fodder in the Winter, the Woods afFordmg
fuffic"entfupply where you have Grafs as high as a Man's Knees, nay, as high
as his
" Wafte interlac-d with Pea-Vines, and other Weeds that Cattel much
delight in,
- as much as a Man can pafs through : And thefe Woods alfo every M,le or
half.
Mile are furnift'd with frefli Ponds, Brooks, or Rivers, where all
lorts ol Cattel,
during the heat of the day, do quench their thirft, and cool
themfelves. Thefe
" Brooks and Rivers being inviron'd of each fide with feveral forts of
Trees and
" Grape- Vines, Arbor.like interchanging places, and cioffing thefe
Rivers, do (hade
" and flielter them from the fcorching beams of the Sun. Such as by
their utmoft
" Labors can fcarcely get a Living, may here procure Inheritances of
Lands and
" Poffefllons, ftock themfelves with all forts of Cattel, enjoy the
benefit of them
" whilft they live, and leave them to their Children when they die. Here
you need
" not trouble the Shambles for Meat, nor Bakers and Brewers for Beer and
Bread,
<'nor run to a Linnen-Draper for a fupply, every one making their own
Linnen,
and a great part of their woollen Cloth for their ordinary wearing.

And how
"prodigal (if I may fo fay) hath Nature been to furnifh this Countrey
with all
fortsof wild Beaftsand Fowl, which every one hath aninteieftin,and may
Hunt
" at his pleafure where, befides the pleafure in Hunting, he may
furnifli his Houfe
with excellent fat Venifon, Turkies, Geefe, Heath=hens, Cranes, ^wans
Ducks,
" Pigeons, and the like ; and wearied with that, he may go a Fifliir
where the
" Rivers are fo furnifli'd, that he may fupply himfelf with Fifii befor
he canleave
"off the Recreation. Here one may travel by Land upon the fame Continent
'< hundreds of Miles, and pafs through Towns and Villages, and never
hear the
leaft complaint for want, nor hear any ask him for a Farthing. Here
one may
" lodge in the Fields and Woods, travel from one end of the Countrey to
another
< with as much fecurity as if he were lock'd within his own Chamber :
And it
" one chance to meet with an Indtan Town, they fliall give him the beft
Entertain.
ment they have, and upon his defire direft him on his Way. But that
which
"addshappinefs to all the reft, is the healthfulnefs of the Place, where
many Peo.
pie in twenty years time never know what Sicknefs is ; where they look
upon it
" as a great Mortality, if two or three die out of a Town in a years
time. Befides
"thefweetnefsoftheAir, the Countrey it felf fends forth fuch a fragrant
fmell,
" that it may beperceiv'dat Sea before they can make the Land : No evil
Fog or
" Vapor doth any fooner appear, but a North^Weft or Wefterly Wind
immediately
" dilfolves it, and drives it away. Morcover,you fliallfcarce fee a
Houfe but th
South-fide is begirt with Hives of Bees, which increafe after an
incredible man.
" ner : So that if there be any tetrcftrial Canam, 'tis furely here,
where the Lane
" floweth with Milk and Honey.

A NE ^

II.

:z:3saseamsk^

(Xhu9\ortkeyrrie vartof^^lhrauucL(tkc LutvLtts (

wke^-rcof c.octe-n2 jcLrtkeyr J outknrarc[sf,)is kecre
I ^ infcrtcdfor-fkc Matter de^jcyrv^tion oj^ tke^

iSj,

Ai taJbula

7, It
ans,
?roobranc
?//^)
ifty
on
\eUf Thefituatipa^
on
irfl
^ht
ere
en
ive
in
era
nd
'al
I a

nt

! nuey:g^.

Chap. II.

A M E%^I C A.

xZy

NEW DESCRIPTION

O F

A NO

S E C T II I.
EforeWe proceed to the Defcription of this Countrey, it
will be firft requifite to relate the true occafion and means,
whereby this part o Jmerica came to be eres^ed into a Province, and call'd Maryland,
In the Year of our Lord 1631. George Lord 'Baltemore obtain'd of King Charles the Firft, of Grf^jt 'Brittairij^c, a Grant
of that part of Jmerica, (firft difcover'd by the Englijh)
which lies between the Degrees of thirty feven and fifty
Minutes^, or thereabouts, and forty of Northerly Latitude ; which is
bounded on
the South by Virginia j on the North, by Kew EngUnd, and Kewjerfey, part
of Nem Thefituatioa;

York, lying on the Eaft fide of Velai^are ^Bay-^ on the Eaft, by the
Ocean ; and on
the Weft, by that part of the Continent which lies in the Longitude of
the firft
Fountains of the River caird 'P^^o;6'd. _ i
In purfuance of this Grant to his faid LordOiip, a Bill was prepared,
and brought
to His Majefty to Sign, who firft askM his Lordfliip, what hefliould
call it, there
being a Blank in the Bill defignedly left for the Name, which his
LordOiip inten.
ded fhould have hzznCrefcentk ; but his Lordfhip leaving it to His
Majefty to give
it a Name, the King propo^'d to have it CallM Terra-Man^, in English,
Maryland, m
honor of his Qiieen, whofe Name was Mary-^ which was concluded on, and
infers
ted into the Bill, whtch the King then Sign'd j and thereby the faid
Trad of Land
was ereded into a Province by that Name.
His LordfLip fomewhat delaying the fpeedy paffing of it under the Great
Seal
o^ England, dy'd in the interim, before the faid Patent was perfected
whereupon a

Vx

Patent

16^

A M E 1^1 C J.

Chap. II.

'\mi

The Bounds.

Title.

The fii-ft
Seating.

Patent of the laid Province was fliortly afterwards pafs'd to his Son
and Heir^
(who was Chviften'd by the Name o( C(cil^ but afterwards conlirm/d by
the Name
o[ (^(ciinis,) the now Lord ^altemore, under the Great Seal oi England^
bearing Date
June 20. 1632. in the eighth Year of His faid Majeflies Reign, with all
Royal Ju.
rifdidtions and Prerogatives, both Military and Civil in the faid
ProvincCj as Power to Ena(5t'Laws, Power of pardoning all manner of Offences^ Power to
confer
Honors, c?c. to be held of His laid Majefty, His Heirs and SucceiTors,
Kings of Ew^land in common Soccage, as of His Majeflies Honor of Windfor in the
County of
'Berks in England-^ yielding and paying yearly for the fame to His
Majefty and to His
Heirs and SucceiTors for ever, two Indiaii Arrow^s of thofe parts^ at
the Caftle of
Windfor aforefaid, on Tuefday in Eafler Weekj and the fifth part of all
Gold and Silver Oar^ which fliall happen to be found in the faid Province.
*' By the faid Patent is Granted to his Lordfhipj his Heirs and A/Iigns,
.all that
*'' part of a ^efwifula, lying in the parts of Amerlcay between the
Ocean on the Eaft,
'' and the Bslj o^ Qief ape ack on the Weft j and divided from the other
part thereof
^' by a right Line drawn from the Promontory, or C^pe of Land call'd
Watkins*
*' ^o'mtj ficuate in the aforefaid Bay, near the River o^Wigcho oti
the Weft;, unto the
" main Ocean on the Eaft, and between that bound on the South, unto that
pare
'^ o^ Delaware Say on the North, which lies under the fortieth Degree of
Northerly
^'^ Latitude from the Equinodial , where NeTfo England ends 5 and all
that Tra6l of
'^ Land between the bounds aforefaid, that is to fay, paffing from the
aforefaid
'^ Bay caird Delali^are (Bay^ in a right Line by the Degree aforefaid,

unto the true

^' Meridian of the firft Fountains of the River of Tatomeck ; and from
thence ftretch'' ing towards the South, unto the furtheft Bank of the faid River, and
foUowintr
^^ the Weft and South fide thereof, unto a certain place call'd Cinquack
, near the
'^ Mouth of the faid River, where it falls into the Bay of Ck/^pe^c^j
and from thence
" by a ftreight Line unto the aforefaid Promontory, or place call'd
Watkins-Toint,
" which lies in thirty feven Degrees and fifty Minutes, or thereabouts,
of Northern " Latitude.
By this Patent his Lordfliip and his Heirs and Affigns are Created the
true and
abfolute Lords and Proprietaries of the faid Province, faving the
Allegiance and
Soveraign Dominion due to His Majefty, His Heirs,and Succefibrsj fo that
he hath
thereby a Soveraignty Granted to him and his Heirs, dependant upon the
Soveraignty of the Crown o^ England,
His Lordfhip, in the Year 1633. fent his fecond Brother Mr. Leonard
G/v^rt, and
his third Brother Mr. George Qahert^ with divers other Gentlemen of
Quality, and
Servants to the number of two hundred Perfons at leaft, to fettle a
Plantation
there ; who fet Sail from the Colpes in the Ifle of Wight in England ,
on 'JS[o'Vemb, 22.
in the fame Year j having made fome ftay by the way, at the Barhadoes
and St. Chri*
ftophers in Jmerka^ they arriv'd at foint Comfort in Virginia^ on
Eehniaryz^. following;
from whence fhortly after they Sail'd up the Bay of Chefapeack, and
TatomeckKiver : And having reviewed the Country, and given Names to feveral
places, they
pitched upon a Town of the Indians for their firft Seat, call'd
foacomaco, (now Saint
Maries) which the then Governor Mr. Leonard Cahert, freely Purchased of
the Natives there, for the Lord Proprietaries ufc , with Commodities brought
from
England.
That which facilitated the Treaty and Purchafe of the faid place from
the hu
diansj was a refolution which thofe Indians had then before taken, to
remove higher
into the Countrey where it was more Populous, for fear of the Sa?
ifqueha?iocksy
(another, and more Warlike People of ihc Indians , who were their too
near Neigh-

bors,

'"^^"-'" *

tants.

CMp.ll. A M E K I L A, \^%
bors, and inhabit between the Bays o^ Qhefapeack and T>da-^are) there
being theft
adual Wars between them, infomuch, that many of them were gone thither
before
the Ettglisb arrived : And it hath been the general pradice of his
Lordftiip, and
thofe who were employed by him in the Planting of the faid Province,
rather to
purchafe the Natives Intereft, (who will agree for the fame at eafie
rates) than to
take from them by force^^that which they feem to call their Right and
Inheritance^
to the end all Difputes might be remov'd touching the forcible
Incroachm.ent upoa
others, againft the Laws of Nature or Nations.
Thus this Province at the vaft Charges, and by theunweary'd Induftry anj
endeavor oftheprefent Lord ^akemore, the now abfolute Lord and Proprietary
of
the fame was at firft Planted , and hath lince been fupply'd with People
and other
Ncceffaries, fo effedually , that in this prefent Year 167 1. the number
of 5^/ii^ xhenumber
there amounts to fifteen or twenty thoufand Inhabitants, for whofe
Encouraae* ''^^"^^^'"'
ment there is a Fundamental Law eftablifh'd there by his Lordfiiip,
whereby Liherty ofConfcience is allowed to all that Profefs to believe in Jefus
Chrifl j fo that no
Man who is a Chrijlian is in danger of being diflurb'd for his Religion
j and all
Perfons being fatisfi'd touching his Lordfhips Right, as Granted by his
Superior So*
veraign, the King of Great ^Brittain, and poffefs'd by the confent and
agreement of
the firft Ltdian Owners, every Perfon who repaireth thither_, intending
to become
an Inhabitant, finds himfelf fecure, as well in the quiet enjoyment of
his Property,
as of his Confcience.
Mr. Charles Calvert, his Lordfhips onely Son and Heir, was in the Year

i66u
fent thither by his Lordfliip to Govern this Province and People, who
hath hitherto continued that Charge of his Lordfhips Lieutenant there, to the
general fatisfadtion and encouragement of all Perfons under his Government, or
otherwife
concern'd in the Province.
The precedent Difcourfe having given you a fliort Defcription of this
Province
from its Infancy to this day, together with an account of his Lordfhips
Patent and
Right, by which he holds the fame; we will here fpeak fomething of the
Kature of
the Countrcy in general, and of the Commodities that are either
naturally afforded
there, or may be procured by Induftry.
The Climate is very healthful , and agreeable with English Conftitutions
^ but
Kew*comers have moft of them heretofore had the firft year of their
Planting there
in July and Ju^ujl, a Sicknefs, which is call'd there A Seafomng, but is
indeed no
other than an Ague, with cold and hot Fits, whereof many heretofore us'd
to die
for want of good Medicines , and accommodations of Diet and Lodging ,
and by
drinking too much Wine and Strong-waters ; though many, even in thofe
times,
who were more temperate , and that were better accommodated , never had
any
Seafonings at aU- but of late years, fince the Countrey hath been more
open'd by
the cutting down of the Woods, and that there is more plenty of English
Diet,
there are very few die of thofe Agues, and many have no Seafon'mgs at
all, efpecially
thofe that live in the higher parts of the Country, and not near to the
Marflics and
Salt-water.
In Summer, the heats are equal to thofe of Spain, but qualified daily
about Noon,'
at that time of the Year, either with Tome gentle Breezes, or fmall
ShoWres of
P^ain : In Winter there is Froft and Snow, and fometimes it is extremely
cold,
infomuch, that the Rivers and the Northerly part of the Bay o( Chef ape
ack are Frozen, but it feldom lafts long j and fome Winters are fo warm, that
People have
gone in half Shirts and Drawers only at ChriftmM : But in the Spring and
Autumn,
(Vi;^.) in March, April, and May^ September, Ociohsr, and November^
there is generally

V 5

moft

i8(S

J M E %I C J.

ap.

The natural
Commodities
of the Coun-

mofl pleafant temperate Weather : The Winds there are variable, from the
South
comes Heat, Gufts, and Thunder ; from the Korth or North.Weft, cold
Weather ;
and in Winter, Froft and Snow ; from the Eaft and South-Eaft, Rain.
The Soyl is very fertile, and furnifli'd with many plcafant and
commodious
Rivers, Creeks, and Harbors.
The Country is generally plain and even, and yet diftinguifli'd with
fome pretty fmall Hills and Rifmgs, with variety of Springs and Rivulets : The
Woods are
for the moft part free from Underwood, fo that a Man may Travel or Hunt
for his
Recreation.
The ordinary entrance by Sea into this Country is between two Qapes ,
diftant
each from the other about feven or eight Leagues the South Cape is
call'd Cape
Henry -^ thcl^onh, Cape Charles -^ within the C^;?^y you enter into a
fair %, Navigable for at leaft two hundred Miles, and is call'd Chefapeack ^ay ,

ftretching it felf
Northerly through the heart of the Countrey, which adds much to its Fame
and
Value : Into this Bay fall many ftately Rivers, the chief whereof is
fatomeck, which
is Navigable for at leaft a hundred and forty Miles : The next
Northward, is Tatuxent, at its entrance diftant from the other about twenty Miles, a
River yielding
great Profit as well as Pleafure to the Inhabitants 5 and by reafon of
the Iflands and
other places of advantage that may Command it , both fit for Habitation
and Defence : Pafllng hence to the Head of the Bay, you meet with feveral
pleafant and
commodious Rivers, which for brevity we here omit to give any particular
account of : On the Eafl:ern Shore are feveral commodious Rivers, Harbors,
Creeks,
and Iflands ; to the Northward whereof you enter into another fair Bay,
call'd
Delaware 'Bay 5 wide at its entrance about eight Leagues, and into which
falls a very
fair Navigable River.
This Countrey yields the Inhabitants many excellent things for
Phyfickand
Chyrurgcry ; they have feveral Herbs and Roots which are great
Prefervatives
againft Poyfon, as SnAe-^ot, which prefently cures the bitings of the
1(at tie -Snake,
which are very Venomous, and are bred in the Countrey ; others that cure
all
manner of Wounds j they have Saxafras , Sarfaparilla , Gums and Balfoms,
which
Experience (the Mother of Art) hath taught them the perfca ufe of.
An Indian feeing one of the English much troubled with the Tooth=ach,
fetched a
Root out of aTree,which apply'd to the Tooth, gave eafe immediately to
the Party ; other Roots they have fit for Dyers, wherewith the Indians Paint
themfelvcs as
Tacoone (a deep red,) <^e.
The Timber of thefe parts is good and ufeful for Building of Houfes and
Ships,
the white Oak for Pipe-ftaves, the red for Wainfcot j there is likewife
black WallNut, Cedar, Pine, and Cyprefs, Cheft-nut, Elme, Afli, and Popelar, all
which arc
for Building and Husbandry : Fruit-trees, ^s Mulhcvvks, ferfimons, with
feveral
kind of Plumbs, and Vines in great abundance.
Of Strawberries there is plenty, which are ripe in Jpril, Mulberries in
May, Raf-

berries in June, and the Maracok, which is fomething like a Lemon, is

ripe in Jugufl,
In Spring time there are feveral forts of Herbs, as Corn-fallet,
Violets, Sorrel, Pur*
flane, and others which are of great ufe to the English there.
In the upper parts of the Countrey are Bufeloes, Elks, Tygers, Bears,
Wolves, and
great ftore of Deer ; as alfo Beavers^ Foxes, Otters, Flying^Squirils,
(I{acoo?is, and
many other forts of Beafts.
Of Birds, there is the Eagle, Gofliawk, Falcon, Lanner, Sparrow-hawk,
and Mar*
lin-^ alfo wild Turkies in great abundance, whereof many weigh fifty
Pounds in
weight and upwards, and of Partridge great plenty : There are likewife
fundry
forts

lap,

A M E%^I C J.

forts of finging Birds, wJiereof one is call'd a MockMrd, becaufe it

imitates all
other Birds, fomearered, which fing like Nightingales, but much
louder .others
black and yellow, which laft fort excels more in Beauty than tune, and
is by the
English there callM the !Bahemore^^ird, becaufe the Colours of his
Lordfiiips Coat of
Arms arc black and yellow : Others there are that refemble moll of the
Birds iit
England, but not of the fame kind, for which we have no names : In
Winter there
are great plenty of Swans, Cranes, Geefe, Herons, Duck, Teal, Widgeons,
Brants^
and Pidgeons, with other forts, whereof there are none in England.
The Sea, the Bays of Chef ape ack and Delaware, and generally all the
Rivers, do
abound with Fifli of feveral forts ; as Whales, Sturgeon, Thorn-back,
Grampufes^
Porpufes, Mullets, Trouts, Soules, Plaice, Mackrel, Perch, Eels, Roach,
Shadd'
Herrings,Crabs,Oyfters,Cocklcs,Mu(fels, ^c, but above all thefe, the
FiOi where!
of there are none in England, as Tirums, Sheeps^head, Cat-fish, (yc. are
beft, except Stur-

geon, which are there found in great abundance, not inferior to any in
Europe for
largenefs and goodnefs.
The Minerals may in time prove of very great confequence, though no ricH
Mines are yet difcover'd there j but there is Oar of feveral forts, yi^.
of Tin, Iron,
and Copper, whereof feveral trials have been made by curious Perfons
there with
good fuccefs.
The Soyl is genera^lly very rich, the Mould in many places black and
rank, infomuch, that it is necelfary to Plant it firft with Indian Corn,
Tobacco, or Hemp,
before it is fit for English Grain , under that is found good Loam,
whereof has beeri
made as good Brick as any in Europe : There are ftore of Marfli-grounds
for Meadows ; great plenty of Marie , both blue and white; excellent Clay fbr
Pots and
Tiles : To conclude, there is nothing that can be reafonably expe^ed, in
a place
lying in the fame Latitude with this , but what is either there found
naturally, or
may be procur'd by Induftry, as Oranges, Lemons, and Olives,o-c.
We need not here mention Indian Corn, (calFd May^) Peafe and Beans of
feveral
forts, being the peculiar produ^s Planted by the Indians of that part of
America.
All forts of English Grain are now common there, and yield a great
encrcafe- as
Wheat, Rye, Barley, Oats, Peafe, Beans, <^c. good Beer of Wheat or
Barley Malt,
after the English Mode, is made, even in the meaneft Families there ;
Some drink
Beer of Indian Corn, others of the Stalks thereof, or of the Chipps of
the TockykerryTree, all which make a fort of frefli and pleafant Drink j but the
general Diet of
the Country is now English, as moll agreeable to their Conllitutions.
There are few able Planters there at prefent, but what are plentifully
fupply'd
with all forts of Summer and Winter Fruits ; as alfo of Roots and Herbs,
of all
forts out of their Gardens and Orchards, which they have Planted
fortheir Profit as
well as Pleafure : They have Pears, Apples, Plumbs, Peaches, O'c. \n
great abun.
dance, and as good as thofe of Italy . fo are their Mellons, Pumpions,
Apricocks^'
Cherries, Figgs, Pomegranates, crc. In fine, there is fcarce any Fruit
or Root that
grows in England, France, Spain, or Italy, but hath been try'd there,

and profper^
well. ' V r r
You may have there alfo Hemp, Flax, Pitch, and Tar, with little labor,
the
Soyl IS apt for Hops, Rape-feed, Annice.fecd,Woad, Madder, Saffron, o^c.
'there
may be had Silk- worms, the Country being flor'd with Mulberrytrees,
and the fu.
perfluity of the Wood will produce Pot^aflies.
There is a great quantity of Syder made there at prefent, and as good as
in any
other Countrey; good Perry and Quince-drink is there likewife made in
greac
plenty t The Ground doth naturally bring forth Viriesin great
quantities^ the ^uali^

1-8^

Commodities
which are, or
may be procur'd by iri
duCiry.

g^w-"*^---, ^-^^*- T#iJ*^i'

'18

The Govern-ment.

ty whereofbeing fomechingcorreaed by Induftry, (as there have been

fevcral trials
thereofalready made there) may no doubt produce good Wine, to the great
encouragement and advantage of the Undertakers.
Brave Ships may be built there with little charge, Clab-board, Wainfcot,
Pipcftaves, and Mafts for Ships, the Woods will afford plentifully j fome
fmall Vef-

fels have been already built there : In fine, Beef, Furrs, Hides,
Butter, Cheefe,
Pork, and Bacon, to Tranfport to other Countreys, are no fmall
Commodities,
which by Induftry, are, and may be had there in great plenty, the
English being already plentifully ftock'd with all forts of Cattcl and Horfesj and were
there no
other Staple-Commoditie s to be hop'd for, but Silk and Linnen (the
materials of
which apparently will grow there) it were fufficient to enrich the
Inhabitants.
But the general Trade o^ Mary-land at prefent depends chiefly upon
Tobacco, it
being the Planters greateft concern and ftudy to ftore himfelf betimes
with that
Commodity, wherewith he buys and fells, and after which Standard all
other
Commodities receive their Price there 5 they have of late vented fuch
quantities of
that and other Commodities, that a hundred Sail of Ships from England^ !
BarbadoSy
and other English Plantations, have been ufually known to Trade thither
in one
Year - infomuch, that by Cnftom and Excize paid in England for Tobacco
and
other Commodities Imported from thence;, Mary-land alone at this
prefent, hath by
his Lordfliips vaft Expence, Induftry, and Hazard for many years,
without any
charge to the Crown, improved His Majefties,the King o^Englands
Revenues,to the
value of Forty thoufand Pounds 5^er/.]?^r annum at leaft.
The general way of Traffick and Commerce there is chiefly by Barter, or
Exchange of one Commodity for another; yet there wants not , befides
English and
other foraign Coyns, fome of his Lordfhips own Coyn, as Groats,
Sixpences, and
Shillings, which his Lordfliip at his own Charge caus'd to be Coyn'd and
difpers'd
throughout that Province j 'tis equal in finenefs of Si'a^er to English
Sterling, being
of the fame Standard, but of fomewhat Icfs weight, and hath on the one
fide his
Lordfliips Coat of Arms ftamp'd , with this Motto circumfcrib'd,
Crefcite <(^ MuU
tiplicamini, and on the other fide his Lordfliips Effigies ,
circumfcrib'd thus, decilius
Dominus "Terrie-Mariiej Sec. _
The Order of Government and fettled Laws of this Province,is by the
Prudence
and endeavor of the prefent Lord Proprietary, brought to great Perfedion
. and as

his Dominion there is abfolute (as may appear by the Charter

aforementioned) fo
all Patents, Warrants, Writs, Licenfes, Aa:ions Criminal, e?-c. Iflue
forth there in
his Name : Wars, Peace, Courts, Offices, <(src. all in his Name made,
held, and appointed.
Laws are there Enaded by him, with the advice and confent of the General
Affembly, which confifts of two Eftates, namely, the firft is made up by
the Chan,
cellor, Secretary, and others of his Lordfliips Privy-Council, and fuch
Lords ol
Mannors, and others as fliall be call'd by particular Writs for that
purpofe, to be
Iffu'd by his Lordfliip : The fecond Eftatc confifts of the Deputies and
Delegates
of the refpedive Counties of the faid Province, eleded and chofen by the
free voice
and approbation of the Free-men of the faid refpedive Counties.
The Names of the Governor and Council in this prefent Year 1671. are as
followeth, Mr. Charles Cahert, his Lordfliips Son and Heir, Governor ; Mr.
Thilip CaU
-vert, his Lordfliips Brother, Chancellor ; Sir Wdliamralbot Baronet,
his Lordfliips
Nephew, Secretary ; Mr. William Cahert, his Lordfliips Nephew, MufterMafterGeneral 5 Mt. Jerome FTtojSurveyor-Generalj Mr. !Bakcr ^rooke,his
Lordfliips Nephew ; Mr. Edward Lloyd, Mr. Henry Conrfey, Mr. Thomas Trueman, Major
Edwarc
Vits-Herhert^amaclChefifE/a.

iJHj

Cliap. II. <iJ M E%^ iC A.

His LordOiip, or his Lieutenant there for the time being, upon due
occafion>
Convenes, Prorogues, and DifTolves this Affembly . but whatfoever is by
his
Lorddiips Lieutenant there, with the confent of both the faid filiates
Enaded, is
there of the fame Force and Nature as an Ad of Parliament is in England,
until his
^ Lordfliip declares his dif-aflent ; but fuch Laws as his Lordfhip doth
aifent unto,
Sare not afterwards to be AlterM or Repeal'd but by his Lordfhip, with
the confent
of both the faid Eftates.

Their chief Court of Judicature is held at St. Maries Quarterly every

Year, to
which all Perfons concerned refort for Jullice , and is calFd The
(provincial Court,
whereof the Governor and Councilare Judges : To the Court there doth
belong fe'
veral fworn Attorneys, who coijftantly are prefent there, and ad both
asBarrifters
and Attorneys J there are like wife chief Clerks, BayliflFs, and dther
Officers, which
duly attend the Court in their refpedive places.
The Province is divided at prefent, fo far as it is inhabited hy
English, into
Counties, whereof there be ten, Vi^. St, Maries, Charles, Qahert, Jnne
Jrande], and
!Bahemore Counties, which firft five lie on the Weft fide of the Bay of
Che/apeack on
the Eaftern fide whereof, commonly called The EaJlern^Shore, lies
Sommerfet, Dorchefter, Talbot, C^cil, ^n^ E^nt Counties, which laft is an Ifland lying
near the Eafternfliore of the faid Bay. '; ,
Befides the Provincial Court aforenana'd, there are other inferior
Courts appointed to be held in every one of the Counties fix times in the year,
for the dif*
patch of all Caufes, not relating to Life or Member, and not exceeding
the value
of three thoufand weight of Tobacco ; the decifion of all other Caufc^
being re
ferv'd to the Provincial or higher Court beforcmention'd, and there lies
Appeals
from the County-Courts, to the Provincial Court.
There are Sheriffs, Juftices of the Peace, and other Officers appointed
by the
Lord and Proprietary, or his LordOiips Lieutenant for the time being, in
the faid
refpeaive Counties j and without four Juftices, of which one to be of
the Quorum,
none of the faid refpedive County-Courts can be held; any o^hh
LordfliipTprivy
Council may fie as Judge, in any of the faid County^Courts, by vertue of
his
place.
^ Thefe Courts are appointed to be held at convenient Houfes in the faid
Counties, which commonly are not far diftant from fome Inn, or other Houfe
of Entertainment, for accommodation of Strangers ; one of the faid fix County
Courts in
each County is held for fettling of Widows and Orphans Eftates.

There are Foundations laid of Towns, more or lefs in each County,

according
to his Lorddiips Proclamation, to that effed lifu'd forth in the year
i66%. In CaU
vert County, about the River o^(patuxent, and the adjacent Cliffs, are
the Bounds of
three Towns laid out, one over againft Point Patience, called HarVy
ToTVn, another in
^atteUreek, calPd Caherton, and a third upon the Cliffs, calFd
Berrijigton, and Houfes already built in them, all uniform, and pleafant with Streets, and
Keys on the
Water fide. In the County of St. Maries, on the Eaft fide of St. Georges
River, is the
prmcipal and original Seat of this Province, where the general AlTembly,
and Provincial Courts are held, and is calFd St. Maries, being ereded into a
City by that
Name, where divers Houfes are already built : The Governor hath a Houfe
there
caird St, Johns . the Chancellor Mr. Philip Culvert, his Lorddiips
Brother, hath another, and in this place is built and kept the Secretaries Office, where
all the Records are kept, all Procefs, Grants, for Lands, Probates of Wills,
Letters of Admi^
niftration are iifuM out : the Plat of a Fort and Prifon is lately laid
there, upon a
point of Land, termed WmdmiUPomt, from a Windmil which formerly ftood
there,
the

iTT"!

iHJC^

Ofthe/ttrfi-.
4tns in Maryland.

ipo AMERICA. Chap. 11.

the (ituation is proper, for that it commands the breadth of the faid
River of Saint
Gzor^ns ; fo that when it is finifii'd, all Shipping may fafely Ride
before the Town,
without the leaft fear of any fudden Aflauk;, or Attempt of Pirats or
other Enemy
whatfoever. This City has formerly been the ufual place of abode for his
Lord{hips Lieutenants, and their Retinue ; but of late years the prefenc
Governor,
Mr. Charks Cahert, hath buihhimfelf a fair Houfe of Brick and Timber,
with all
Out^houfes, and other Offices thereto belonging, at a place call'd
Mattapany^nesLi the
River o^Tatuxent before.mention'd, where he and his Family refide^being
a pleafant,
healthful,and commodious Seat,about eight Miles by Land diflant from
St.Maries,
The Indians in Mary'land arc a People generally of ftreight, able, and
well proportioned Bodies, fomething exceeding the ordinary pitch of the
w^//j/?, their Coma
plexion Swarthy, their Hair naturally long and black, without Curie,
which ge*
nerally they cut after fome flrange Fantaftical Mode j nay, fometimcs
they Dye
it. with red and other prepoflcrous Colours : They Liquor their Skins
with Bears
Greafe, andother Oyls_, which renders them more tawny, and lefs apt to
receive
injury from the Weather : They are fubtile from their Infancy, and prone
to learn
any thing their Fancy inclines them to, in other things flothful.
There are as many diftin(5t Nations among them as there are hdian Towns,
(which are like Countrey^Villages in England, but not fo good Houfes)
difpers'd
throuahout the Province : Each Town hath its King (by them term'd
WeroH^ance)
and every forty or fifty Miles diflance differs much from its Neighbors
in Speech
and Difpofition : The Safquahanocks, though but few in number, yet much
exceed
the reft in Valor , and Fidelity to the Eii^lish-^ the reft being
generally of a more
Treacherous Spirit, and not fo ftout, and the number of the English do
already exceed all the Indians in the Province.
The Wero'^ance is a/Ilfted by Councellors, called Wtfoes, who are
commonly of
the fame Family, and are chofen at the pleafure of the Werowance: They
-have Captains in time of War which they term Cockoroofes,
Moft of their Governments are Monarchical, (except the SaJ'quaha}iocksj

which is
a Re-publick) but for fucce/fion they have a peculiar Cuftom, that the
Iffue of the
Males never fuccecd, but the Iflue-Male of the Female fucceed in
Government, as
the furer fide : They all fubmit to, and are prote(5i:ed by the Lord
Proprietaries
Government j and in cafe of any Aflault or Murder, committed on any
Englijh, the
Party offending is try'd by the Laws of the Province and in cafe of
any new Eleaion of King or Emperor among them, they prefent the Perfon fo Ele<5ted
to the
Governor for the time beins, who as he fees caufe, either alters or
confirms their
Choice.
In the Year 1663. at the Wi^w^Requeft, the prefent Governor Mr. Q?arles
Cahert,
and fome others of his Lordfliips Privy-Council there, went to
Tafcatoway, in this
Province, to be prefent at the Election of a new Emperor for that Nation
: They
prefented a Youth nam'd jS[attawajfoj and humbly Requefted to have him
confirmed
Emperor o^ Tafcatoipay ^hy the Name o^ IVahocajfo -^ which after fome
charge given
them in general, to be good and faithful Subjects to him, the Governor
accordingly did, and received him into his Proteilion.
They pay great Refped and Obedience to their Kings and Superiors, whofe
Commands they immediately Execute, though with an apparent hazard of
their
Lives.
The Mens chief employment is Hunting, and the Wars, in both which they
commonly ufe Bowes and Arrows ^ fome of late have Guns and other
Weapons,
by a private Trade with fome E.nglijh Neighboring Plantations : They are
excellent

IHij

un^iiiiiiii^

Chap. II. ' A M ET^I C A. .. i^i

lent Marks-men, it being tfie onely thing they breed their Youth to :
The Women

plant and look after the Corn, make their Bread, and drefs what
Provifions their
Husbands bring home. Their way of Marriage is by agreement with the
Womens
Parents or Friends, who for a certain Sum of their Money, or other
Goods, deliver
her to the Man at a day appointed, which is commonly fpent in jollity.
There are two forts of lnd.im Money, Wampompca^e and ^a?ioackj thefe
ferve TheirMoney,
among them as Gold and Silver do in EuropCy both are made of
Fifli^fliells, which
they firing like Beads j Wampompeage is the largeft Bead, fixty whereof
countervails ^
an Arms length of (l(p.i;w^d, which is valued at fix Pence 5fer//?/g;j
with this they
purchafe Commodities of the g/i//?, as Trading-Cloth, <7*c. of which
they make
themfelves Mantles, which is fomething fiiaggy, and is call'd Vutch
Duffels ^ this
is their Winter Habit ; in Summer they onely wear a narrow flip of the
fame to
cover thofe parts , which natural modefty teaches them to conceal ; the
better
fort have Stockings made thereof, and pieces of Deer-Skin, ftitch'd
together about
their Feet in flead of Shooes : The Womens Apparel is the fame, but
thofe of the
bell Quality among them bedeck themfelves with Wampompeage or (^anoack,
or fome
other toy.
Their Houfes are rais'd about the height of a large Arbor , and covered
v/ith Manner f
Barks of Trees very tite, in the middle whereof is the Fire-place, they
lie generally
upon Mats of their own making, plac'd round the Fire, a Woodden^bowl or
two,
an Earthen Pot, and a Mortar and Peftle, is their chiefeft
Houfliold^fluff j he that
hath his Bowe and Arrows, or Gun, a Hatchet, and a Canoo, (a term they
ufe for
Boats) is in their minds rarely well provided for ; each Houfe contains
a diflind;
Family, each Family hath its peculiar Field about the Town, where they
Plant their
Corn, and other forts of Grain afor=mention'd.
They are courteous to the HW//7?, if they chance to fee anv of them
comin? to- ci^iJ^y ^
1 T TT r 1 ' T 1 1 1 ir ^ tkcEnilifi.
wards their Homes, they immediately meet him half-way, condud him in,
and
bid him welcome with the bell Cates they have : The Englif? giving them

in like
manner civil Entertainment, according to their Quality.
The Werolfcince of fatuxent having been Treated for fome days at Stc
Maries^ by
the then Governor, Mr. Leonard Cahert, his Lordfhips Brother, at his
firfl coming
thither to fettle that Colony, took his leave of him with this
Expreflion, I bye the
Englifh/oH?e//, thatiftheypOQuUlgoahouttoKiUme, if I had fo much breath
as to J^eaky I
would (Command my People not to revenge my death j for I know they would
not dofuch a thuK^y
except It were through my own default.
In Aifairs of concern, they are very confiderate, and ufe few words 'm
declaring
their intentions -, for at Mr. Leonard Qaherts firfl arrival there, the
Werol^ance o[Taff>
catoway being ask'd by him, Whether he l^ould he content ^ that the
Englifh fhould fit do^n
in his Qountrey ? returned this anfwer, That he i^ould not hid him go,
neither fhould he hid
himjlay, hut that he might ufe his own difcretion, Thefe were their
expre/Iions to the
Governor at his firfl entrance into Mary-land, whom then they were
jealous of,
whether he might prove a Friend or a Neighbor, but by his difcreet
Demeanor to.
wards them at firll,and friendly ufage of them after wards,they are now
become,no
only civil, but ferviceable to the Englifh there upon all occafions.
Th^ Indians of the Eaflern fhore are mofl numerous, and were formerly
very refradory, whom Mr. Leonard Calvert fome few years after his firfl
fettling the Colo
ny, was forc'd to reduce, and of late the Emperor of N^wfico^e, and his
Men were
defervedly defeated by the prefent Governor, Mr. Charles Cahert, who
reduc'd hini
about the year 1668. which has fince tam'd the ruder fort of the
neighboring Mi-'
dnsy who now by experience, find it better to fiihmk and be procbded by
the Lord
(Proprietaries

~:^itmaen^^

Ip2r

A M E %^I C A.

Chap. II,

Situation of
Virginia.

Firft Difcovery.

Proprietaries Government, than to make any vain attempt againft

hisPower.
Thefe People liveunder no Law, but that of Nature and Reafon, which not.
wichftanding leads them to the acknowledgement of a Deity, whom they own
to
be the Giver of all good things, wherewith their Life is maintain'd, and
to him
they Sacrifice the firft Fruits of the Earth, and of that which they
acquire by Hunting and Fifliing : The Sacrifice is performed by their Priefts, who are
commonly
ancient Men, and profefs themfelves Conjurers j they firft make a Speech
to thcii
God, then burn part, and eat and diftribute the reft among them that are
prefentuntil this Ceremony be ended, they will not touch one bit thereof^ they
hold the
Immortality of the Soul, and that there is a place of Joy, and another
of Torment
after Death, prepared for every one according to their Merits.
They bury their Dead with ftrange expreflions of Sorrow (the better fort
upon
a Scaffold, ereded for that end) whom they leave covered with Mats, and
return
when his flefli is confum'd to Interr his Bones j the common fort are
committed to
the Earth without that Ceremony ; but they never omit to bury fome part
of their
Wealth, Arms, and Houfliold^ftuff with the Corps.
Sect. IV.
THe moft Southerly part of Virginia (for all that Trad of Land, reaching
from KoYumhega to 'Florida, and containing New-England^ Kcw-Iork, Mary"

land, and this part we are now about to Treat of, was by Sir Walter %awleigh term'd Vtrgmiaj in Honor of our Virgin-Queen EliR;aheth) lies
between Maryland, which it hath on the North, and Carolina^ which it hath on the
South, from
thirty fix, to near thirty eight Degrees of Northern Latitude j and with
the reft of
thofe Countries which werecoTiprehended under the fame Denomination, was
by
the Encouragement, and at the i^xpence of the faid Sir Walter ^wleighy
firft Difcover'd (as fome fay) by Captain Francis Drake, for his many notable and
bold Exploits, afterwards Knighted by the Queen : But upon examination we find
little
reafon to afcribe the firft Difcovery thereof to Sir Francis Drake,
whofe chief performances, from the time he firft made himfelf Eminent at Sea, were
againft the
Spaniards, and for the moft part in the Spanip?dndies'^ as his taking
o^Nombre de Dios,
and Vinta Cru;^, with an infinite mafs of Treafure j his taking of Santo
Domingo in
Hi^miola, and of Carthagena in CaUella Anna ; and that which feems to
have given
occafion of attributing to him the firft Difcovery of thefe parts , was
his touching
upon the North part of the Ifle of California , where being nobly
Entertain'd by
Hioh, a King of that Countrey, and having a Surrendry thereof made to
him,
in behalf of the Queen of England, he upon a Pillar creded, Infcrib'd
the Arms of
England, with the Queens Name and his own, and call'd the place ISlo'Va
Mhion :
Certain indeed it is, that Sir Walter ^a^Ueigh was the firft Promoter of
this Difcovery . for, after Mr. Martin Forhijher had been fent by Queen Eli:^aheth
to fearch for
the North- Weft Pafiage, which was in the year 1576. and for which he
alfo was
by the Queen advanc'd to Knight- hood, and nobly rewarded 5 and Sir
Humphrey
GiZ/'frr obtaining the Queens Letters Patents, for attempting a
Plantation, had
reached Ncn^'foundAand (though perifliing in his return)he upon thefe
Relations and
Inducements undertook by others (for his employments would not permit
him to
go in Perfon) to gain Difcoveries to the Southward j and accordingly in
the year
of our Lord 1584. obcajn'd a Commifilon from the Queen, to difcover and
Plant
new

Stetet^^^........ii .

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si^itr^^SKKC^^^^^E&^-^iis:^ v^'A.'....,

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^il ^g

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THiinii -|fjj

^'^-'^^'^

le
:ii
ie
ch.
la^
ey
eft
ack
or
ide
:r'd
on
:hat
re, ar: the
Nai Icfc
>lony
ih. 6
G of no I
Land
5 liad
Latii Marme 1 8a
It two
abouE
plenty
'Varder,
twenty
,j who

ity Mi
Sailing
and on
:lemenj
filing a
'd Mar
3 Ships,
and

! "%v

"y,-

idmi.

.-v>,^

liiniiiiiH

Chap. II. ^ M E'R^t C A.

new Landisin ^msrlcd^ nocadlually poiTefs'd by any 'Chrifaamy who/ with
the afli^
ftaace of Sir ']^/(:/;jr6i GrmzVi/ and others, provided two Imall
Barques, under the
Command of Captain 'PA//i/5 ^wiJ^H;, and Captain ^/t/;r S^zr/o/i?, who
fecting Sail
fhe 27. of Jprtl, fell the i^ of July following with the Coaft of
Floridd^ and made
Difcovery of the lOe ofWokohn^ ^wioacky and the Continent of

Wingandacoay which
they left j and arriving in England about the midfl of September
following, Her Ma^
jefty upon the relation of their Difcoveries, was pleasM to call this
Countrey
Jpril 9. 1585. Sir ^ichdrd Greenvil, with feven Sail, and feveral
Gentlemen, lefs"
Plymouth J and on May i6. Anchor'd at Wokokoji^ but made their firfl:
Seat at ^anoack
on Augufl 17. following, which lies in thirty fix Degrees of Northerly
Latitude, or
thereabouts, where they continued till June 1586. during which time they
made
feveral Difcoveries in the Continent and adjacent Iflands ; and being
endangered
by the treachery of the Salvages, returned for Englaiid^ and Landed at
^ortfmouth on
July 27. following. ^
Sir Walter %awkigh and his Aflbciates, in the year 15 8<^. fent a Ship
to relieve that
Colony, which had deferted the Countrey fome while before, and were all
returned for Enzland as is before.=mention'd.
Some few days after they were gone, Sk (Richard GreenVil^ with three
Ships, arrived at the Plantation at ^oanoackj which he found deferted, and
leaving fifty Men
thereto keep Pofleflionof that Countrey^ returned for England.
The year following, Mr. John V/hite, with thrq^e Ships, came to fearch
for the
fifty EnglijJ) at %oanoackj but found them not, they having been fet
upon by the Natives, and difpers'd fo, as no News could be heard of them, and in their
room left
a hundred and fifty more to continue that Plantation.
In Atigtifl 1589. Mr. John V/hite went thither again, to fearch for the
lafl: Colony
which he had left there j but not finding them^^ returned for England in
Septemh. 6.
1590.
This ill Succefs made all further Difcoveries to be laid afide, till
Captain Gofnol
on March i6. 1602. fet Sail from Dartmouth^ and on May 11. following,
made Land
at a place, whsxe fome 'Bifcaners, as he guefs'd by the Natives
information, had
formerly fifli'd, being about the Latitude of forty eight Degrees
Northerly Latitude; from hence putting to Sea, he made Difcovery of an Ifland which he
cairdMjr=
thas Vimyardj and fhortly 2i f zc^ of EU:^aheth's Ifle, and fo return'd

for England^ June 183

following*
In the Year 1603. the City of ^j/iJIqI raisM a Stock, and furnifii'd out
two
Barques for Difcovery, under the Command of Captain Martin fringe who
abouE
June 7, fell with the North of Vtrgima in the three arid fortieth
Degree, found plenty
of good Fifli, nam'd a place Whitf on-Bay, and fo return'd*
In the Year 1605. ^^^ ^^g^^ Honorable Thomas Arundel the firft. Baron of
Warder^
and Count of the %oman Empire, fet out Captain George Waymouth, wnth
twenty
nine Sea-men, and neceffary Provifions, to make what Difcoveries he
could- who
by contrary Winds, fell Northward about one and forty Degrees and twenty
Mi
nutes of Northerly Latitude, where they found plenty of good Fifii - and
Sailing
further, difcover'd an Ifland, where they nam'd a H^xhor yfentecofiHarbor j and on
7/> 18. following, came back for ?2^/W.
In the Year 1606. by the foUicitation of Captain Go/iiol, and feveral
Gentlemen^
a Commi/Tion was granted by King James of Great Brittam, <^c. for
eflabliihing a
Council, to dired thofe new Difcoveries 5 Captain Njipport (a well
pradic'd Marriner) was intruded with the Tranfportacion of the Adventurers in two
Ships,
X and

^^^^^^S^^BjT

194-

AMERICA.

Chap. II.

andaPinace, who on Decemh. 19. \6o6, fet Sail frcm 2lack-fi^all, and
were by
Storm contrary to expedlatiooj caft upon the firft Land, which they
calTd Cr,pe
Henry, at the Mouth of the Bay of Q?e/apeack, lying in thirty feven
Degrees , or
thereabouts, of Northerly Latitude : Here their Orders were opened and
read, and
eight declared of the Council, and impower'd to chofe a Prefident for a
year, who
with the Council (hould Govern that Colony : Till May 13. they fought a
place
to Plant mj Mr. Winkfield was chofe the firft Prefident , who caus'd a
Fort to be
rais'd at folt?hata?t, now cMd James -Toiipn : In June following,
Captain Newport return'd for En'^laml, leaving a hundred Men behind him ; fince which time
they have
been fufficiently fupply'd i\om E?igland , and by the indefatigable
Induftry and Coui-age of Captain John Smith, (one of the Council at that time, and
afterward Prefident of the Colony) they made feveral Difcoveries on the Eaflern fliore,
and up to
the Head of the Bay o^ Che/apeack, and of the principal Rivers which
fall into the
faid Bay.
T/rgmi^being thus Difcover'd and Planted, Kino James by his Letters
Patent
bearing Date Jpril 10. in the fourth year of his Reign, 1607. Granted
Licence to
Sir Jhomas Gates ^ Sir George Summers, and others, to divide themfelves
into two feveral Colonies, for the more fpeedy Planting of that Countrey, then
call'd Vtrgt*
nia between the Degrees of thirty four and forty five of North Latitude,
that is to
fay, taken in that large extent^ mentioned in the beginning : The firfl:
Colony to
be undertaken by certain Knights^ Gentlemen, and Merchants, in, and
about the
City ofloji^o?z : The fecond to be undertaken, and advanced by certain
Knights,
Gentlemen, and Merchants, and their Alfociates, in, or about the City of
Bnjlol,
ExGUy Plymouth, and other parts.
At the firft Colonies Requeft, in the feventh year of the fame Kmg, a
fecond
Patent was Granted to feveral Noblemen and Gentlemen , ( including Sir
Thomas

Gates ^ and fome of his former Fellow-Patentees) bearing Date May 23,
161 o. whereby they were made a Corporation, and Body Politique, and ftiFd, The
Treafurer,
and Company of Advetiturers and planters of the City of London, for the
firft Colony of Virginia : And by this Patent, there was Granted to them, their Succefibrs
and Af.
figns, two hundred Miles to the Southward, from a Cape of Land in
Virginia, cAVd
fo'int Comfort ; and two hundred Miles to the Northward of the faid C
ape, 2\ox\<^thz
Seafliore, and into the Land from Sea to Sea.
And on March
Grants
them a third
Miles of
the Shore of
faid for.
racr Patent,

ix. 1612. the faid King, in the ninth year of his Reign,
Patent, of all Iflands lying in the Sea, within two hundred
that Trad of Land on the Continent, granted to them by the
y.ic. 7.

In the Year 161 5. Captain Smith procured by his Intereft at Court, and
the
King's Favor, a Recommendation from His Majefty, and divers of the
Nobility,
to all Cities and Corporations, to Adventure in a (landing Lottery,
which was
ereded for the benefit of this Plantation, which was contrived in fuch a
manner,
that of looooo. Pounds which was to be put in, 50000. onely, or one half
was to
return to the Adventurers, according as the Prizes fell out ; and the
other half to
be difpos'd of for the Promotion of the Affairs o^ Virginia, in which,
though it were
three years before it was fully accompliflf d, he had in the end no bad
Succels.
In the eighteenth Year of the faid King's Reign , at the Requeft of the
fecond
Colony, a Patent was Granted to feveral Noblemen and Gentlemen, ot all
that
Trad of Land lying in the parts o^ Jmerica, between the Degrees of forty
and forty eight of Northerly Latitude, and into the Land from Sea to Sea, which
was
caird by the Patent ?(e> Bigland m America : For the better Government
whereof,

one

Chap. 11. . ^ AI E Ts^I C A.

one Body-Politick and
flymouth^
confiftingof the faid
forty
'Perfons, by the Name
County ofDtvon^for
the TUntin^j ^^^^fi^j

Corporate was thereby appointed and ordain'd in

Noblemen, Gentlemen, and others, to the number of
of I7?^ Council eflahltf/d at Plymouth tn the
Ordering^ and Go^ern'mgof New England tm America.

The Mifcarriages and Mifdemeanors of the aforefaid Corporation for the

firft
Colony o^Firg'oua, were Co many and fo great, that His faid Majefty was
forc'd^
in or about October 1623. to dired: a go Warranto, for the calling in
of that former
Patent, which in TWwif)/ Term following was legally Evine'd, Condemned,
and
made Void, by Judgment in the Court of the then B^n^s -'Bench >^ as alfo
all other
Patents, by which the faid Corporation claim'd any Intereft in Virginia.
Thus this
Corporation of the firit Colony oC Virgink was difTolv'd, and that
Plantation
hath been fince Govern'd and Difpos'd of by Perfons Conftituted and
Impower'd
for that purpofc from time to time, by immediate Commiflions from the
Kin^s of

Ipj

The Patettt
of Virginia
made void.

En^l^nd*

.??;/>

In the Year of our Lord 1631. the Right Honorable G^or^g Lord
'Balteynore obtained a Grant of YUm^Charles the Firft of Great 'Britain^ e^c, of part
of that Land to
the Northward, which is now callM Mary-land j but this Patent of Mary

-land was
not pcrfe<^ed, till 1632. as you may underftand more fully by the
precedent Difcourfe of Mary-land, which by cxprefs words in the faid Patent is
feparated from,
and thereby declarM not to be reputed for the future, any part of
Firginia,
And in the fifteenth Year of the Reign of King Charles the Second of
Great Br'u
tain, O^c, on March 14. 166^, Edward EslxI of Clarendon, then HighChancellor of
England, George Duke, of Jlhemarky William, now Earl of Crayen, John
Lord Berkley j
4nthony Lord Jjhley^ Sir Gewge Carterett Knight and Baronet, Sir Willia?
n Berkley
Knight, znd Sir John Colleton Knight and Baronet, obtained a Patent from
His Majefty, of the Province of Carolina^ which lies to the Southward of
Virginia, in which
is included fome part of that Land which formerly belong'd to the faid
diffolv'd
Company of. Virginia. So that Virginia at prefent extendeth it felf
onely, and is fitu==
ated between thirty fix and thirty feven Degrees and fifty Minutes, or
thereabouts,
of Northern Latitude, and is bounded on the North, by ^aryAand-^ on the
South,
by Qarolina-, on the Eaft, by the Ocean ; and on the Weft, by the SouthSeas.
Th Entrance by Sea into this Countrey is the fame with that of
Maryland, be.
tween Cape Henry and Ca^e Charles, plac'd on each fide of the Mouth of
the Bay of
Che/apeak', on the Weft fide whereof you firft meet with a pleafant and
commodious River call'd James'^Ver, about three Miles wide at its Entrance, and
Navigable a hundred and fifty.
Fourteen Miles from this River Northward lies York-^ver, which is
Navigable
fixty or feventy Miles, but with Ketches and fmall Barques thirty or
forty Miles
farther.
Paffing hence to the North you difcover a third ftately River, calFd
Q{appahanQck^
which is Navigable about a hundred and thirty Miles - from whence
following
the Shore to the North you enter into Tatomeck-^^tVer, which is already
dcfcrib'd in
the precedent Difcourfe of Maryland, to which Province this River
belongs, whofe
Southerly Bank gives Bounds to that part of Virginia and Mary-land.

To thefe Rivers many other Inland Branches and Rivulets are reduc'd, the
chief
of which are hereafter fpecifi'd*
The Countrey is generally even, the Soil fruitful, the Climate
healthful, and
agreeable with Eiiglish Conftitutions, efpecially fince the increafe of
Inhabitants,
and accommodation of good Diet and Lodging, which the hrft Planters
found
great want of heretofore. For many years, till of late, moft Newcomers
had the
X 2 firft

The Patent
o( A'farjf land
grawed. to
the Lord
BAltem.rt,

The Patent
Carolina
granted to
feveral Noble Perfons,

R ivers f
Virginia.

Nature, of
the Countrey

err

ig6

Trees.

Silk-Grafs

Fruits p cuJiar tg Vn-

Roots^

Beafts.

Rirui:tJ.

AMERICA. Chap. II.

fir ft Year in ^uly and Juguft^ a Difeafe which is callM ^ Seafojung,
whereof many
died, like to what is mention'd before in the Defcription of Mary-Aand,
thouo-h
nnore mortal and common than in Uary-land, becaufe Virginia is a lower
Countrey,
and fomewhat hotter, infomuch that formerly divers ill of that Diftemper
have
come purpofely from Virginia to Mary4a?2d, to recover their Health
but now, fince
the Countrey is more open and clear from Wood, few die of it, and many
have na"Seafonings at all.
This Countrey affordeth generally all fuch Roots, Herbs, Gums, and
Balfoms,
as are exptefs'd before in the Relation oi Mary-land,
All forts of Trees for Building and Husbandry, Fruit-Trees, Vines, c^c.
arc
found in both Countreys, equal in goodnefs and quantity, onely in fuch
things as
require more Sun, and that may be produced by Induftry) there may be
fome little
difference, becaufe Virginia is fomewhat more to the Southward of

Maryland, as in
Vines, Oranges, Lemmons, Olives, Silk, trc.
There is a Plant grows naturally in this Countrey, and in Mary^land,
call'd SilkGrafs, which will make a fine Stuff with a filky Glofs, and better
Cordage than
Hemp or Flax, both forftrength and durance.
The wild Beafi:s, Birds, and Fifh, are much the fame alfo in this
Countrey as arc
before defcrib'd in the precedent Defcription of Mary-land :
Neverthelefs we fhall
think it proper not to omit fome Fruits, Plants, Beafts, crc. mention'd
by the moft
authentick Defcribers of Neiv England, as peculiar to that Countrey. The
Fruits
are, their (putdamines, which are a kind of DamfonS,. Meffamims, sl kind
of Grapes
Chechinciuamins, a fort of Fruit refembling a Chefnut ; %awcomens, a
Fruit rcfembling
a Goofe-berry Mkco^^r,a kind of Apple ; Mettaque/nnnauks, a fort of
Fruit refembling Inkian Figs j Morococks, refembling a Straw-berry, befides a Berry
which they
call Ocoughtanamnis, fomewhat like to Capers, - ; -^ '^-^ 2;
Their peculiar Roots arc Tod4"87dg/j, good to cat; Wich/acan, of great
vertue in
healing of Wounds; Pocon^j, good to affwagc Swellings and Aches ;
Mufquafpen,
wherewith they Paint their Targets and Mats. Alfo they have in great
requeft a
Pulfe caird Affentamen^zvidxht Plant Mt0Ktf, of which they make Bread.
Their peculiar Beafts are, the Jroughena, refembling a Badger ; the
Affa^anick or
Flying>Squerril ; Opajfum, a certain Beaft having a Bag under her Belly,
wherein flic
carrieth and fuckleth her Young ; Mujfa/cus, which fmelling ftrong of
Musk, refembleth a Water^Rat; Utchunquoisy a kind of wild Cat.
Their peculiar Fifli are Stingrais,
On the Weft fide of the Bay oi Chef apeak, between Cape Benry and the
Southerly
Bank ofthe River of 'Prf^omecA, are three fair Navigable Rivers, as is
before men. i)
tion'd, into which the other fmall Rivulets fall, which here we will
give fome ac
count of, as alfo of the Indian, or antient Names by which thefe three
principal Ri.
vers were formerly known. Thefirft whereof is ^o-^hatan (now
caXl'dJames-^Riyer)
according to the Name of a large and confiderable Territory that lieth
upon it.

The Rivers that fall into this Southward, are Jpamatuck ; Eaftward,
Quiyonycohanuc,
Natfamund, and Chefopeak ; and Northward, Chickamahania.
The fecond Navigable River is Tamau?ikee^ by the E?iglijh now term'd
lork-^ver.
The Rivulet that falls into this is Toyankatarich
The third (which is before defcrib'd, and ufually known by the Name of
^appahanoc) was formerly term'd Top^nhanoc,
This we thought fit here to infert, to the end no colour of miftake
might remaia
to aher Ages concerning the derivation or original change of fuch proper
Names,
cfpccially being Places of great advantage to the Colony.
The

Im

me

Chap. II*

^ M E^^l C A.

The chiefeft of thofe Tribes or Divifions of People among iht Indians^

that were
by Name known to the E?igUfl7 iit their firft arrival, were, upon the
River ^ouhatan
the ^ecoughtans, the faJpaJ?e^hes, (on whofe Land is feated Ja?nes>Toii?
n) the IVeanocks
Jrrohatocksj the Jppainetocks, the ls[andfamunclsj the Chefapeacks, Sec.
On the River <P4maunkee, are the Iounghtanu?ids, the Mattapatnents, &c. On the River
Tobpahanoc, the
Manahoacks , the Mor aught acunds^ and the Cuttatawomens. On the River
Tataiuomek the
Wtghcocomocctr\s, the Omwmanknts, and the Mojanances. On the River
Tawtuxmit the
Jcquintacjuacs J the Tawtuxunts, and the Matapunients, On the River !
Bo//f5, the Sa/auefahanoes : Southward from the Bay, the Qha'^onocksj the Miw^o^cA^, the
Monacans the
Mannahocksj the Mafawomecks, the Jtqua7tahucks, and the K^fcarai^aocks,

befides a number not material to be nam'd, as having had little of Tranfadion that we
hear of
with the Planters.
The number o^ Engl'tjh Inhabitants in this Countrey are in this prefent
Year
i6:f7i. about thirty or forty thoufand, who are plentifully ftock'd with
all forts of
tame Cattel, as Cows, Sheep, Horfes, Swine, <^c, and all forts o^
English Grain great (lore of brave Orchards for Fruit, whereof they make great
quantities of Cyder and Perry.
They have been much oblig'd by that worthy Gentleman Mr. Edward
T>\gges^^
Son of Sir T>udk^ '^^gg^^j who was Matter of the Rolls, and a Privy
Councellor
to King Qurles the Firft, o^ Great 'Brlttahiy ^c. For the faid Mr.
Digges at his great
Charge and Induftry, hath very much advanc'd the making of Silk in this
Countrey, for which purpofe he hath fent for feveral Perfons out of /^rmew'4
to teach
them that Art, and how to wind it off the Cods of the Silk- Worms ; and
hath
made at his own Plantation in this Colony for fome years laft pall,
confiderable
quantities of Silk, which is found to be as good Silk as any is in the
World, which
hath cncourag'd divers others to profecute that Work.
Though this Countrey be capable of producing many other good
Commodities,'
yet the Planters have hitherto imploy'd themfelves for the moH part in
Planting
of Tobacco, as they do in Maryland -^ whereof there are two forts, one
which is
caird Sweet^fcentedj and the other call'd Oranoack, or ^Bright and
Large, which is much
more in quantity, but of leffer Price than the former j and the
Plantations upon
York ^iver are efteem'd to produce the bell of that fort of Slijeetfeented : There is
fo much of this Commodity Planted in Virginia^ and Imported from thence
into
England, that the Cuftom and Excize paid in England for it, yields the
King about
fifty or threefcore thoufand Pounds Sterling, per annum: With this
Commodity the
Planter buys of the Ships that come thither for it (which are above a
hundred Sail
yearly from England, and other Englifh Plantations) all Neceflaries of
Clothing,'
and other Utenfils of Houfliold^ftuff, ^c, which they want, though they
make

lome Shoes,and Linnen and Woollen Cloth in fome parts o^Firginia, of the
growth
and Manufacture of the Countrey 5 and if they would Plant lefs Tobacco
(as it is
probable they will e're loing find itconvenient for them to do^ it being
now grown
a Drug of very low value, by reafon of the vaft quantities Planted of
it) they
might in a little time provide themfelves of all Neceffaries of
Livelyhood, and produce much richer and more Staple-Commodities for their advantage.
Their ufual way of Traffique in buying and felling is by exchange of one
Commodity for another 5 and Tobacco is the general Standard, by which all
other
Commodities receive their value ^ but they have fome Englijh and foreign
CoynSj,
which ferve them upon many occafions.
The Government is by a Governor arid Council, Appointed and Authorized
from time to time by immediate Commiflion from the King o^ Great
^rittain : And
X I Laws'

197

Several Pcoi
pie of the ancient Natives
or Virginia,

Number of
Inhabitants.

The Com'-l
modi ties f j

198

'V

Of the Inii
jof Vir^ittia.

AMERICA Chap. II.

Laws are made by the Governor, with tht confent of a General Afiembly,
which
confifts of two Houfes, an Upper and a Lower ; the firft confifts of the
Council,
and the latter of the Burgeffes chofen by the Freemen of the Countrey
and Laws
fo made are in Force there till His Majefty thinks fit to alter them.
The Chief Court of Judicature is call'd Tl?e Quarter-Court , becaufe it
is held every quarter of a Year, where all Caufes Criminal and Civil are heard and
deter.
iiiinM, and the Judges of this Court are the Governor and Council : The
prefent
Governor in this Year 1671. is Sir Wilitam Berkley, who was made
Governor by
King Charles the Firft, of Great Srittain, 8cc, in the Year 1640. And
thofe of the
Council are Sir Henry Chichejly, who is one of the greateft and moft
confiderable
Planters there, and Mr. Edward^Dlggs before-mention'd, Mr. Thomas Ludwd
Secretary, Major-General (I(phert Smith,3.nd divers other worthy Gentlemen.
That part of the Countrey where the English are Planted, is divided into
nineteen Counties, 't;^'^. Northampton-County in Jmnack, on the Eaftern
fliore j and on
the Weftern fliore, Corotuck, Lower -"^^or folk, NanfemU7id, IJle of
Wight, Surry, Warlpickj
Henerico, James, Charles, York, Keiv.I^ent, Gloucefter, Middlefex, La?
icafter, Northumberland,
Wejlmoreland, (]{dppahanock, 2LndIiarford'Counties,
In every one of thefe Counties there are inferior County-Courts kept
every
Moneth ; thefe take no Cognizance of Caufes relating to Life or Member,
or ex*
/ ceeding a certain limited Value, fuch being referM to the
QuarterCourts only, to
which likewife there lie Appeals from their Inferior Courts. j|
There are Sheriffs, Juflices of the Peace, and other Officers in every
refpeaivc '
County, appointed by the Governor, for the Adminiftration of Juftice ,
who
fit there according to his Order, and whereof thefe County^Courts are
chiefly

composed.
There are few Towns as yet ereded in this Colony ; the Principal Seat of
the
EngUJh there, is at a place call'd James-City, in Honor of King James o^
Great 'Brit,
tarn. See. This is fituatcd in a ^eninjula, on the North fide o
James^^Ver, and
has in it many fair Brick and other good Houfes : In this place are held
the.
Quarter-Courts, General Aflemblies, the Secretary's Office, and all
other Affairs
and greatefl Concerns of the Colony are here difpatch'd. On the fame
fide, nearer
the Mouth of this River, flands Elizabeth ^City, containing alfo fevcral
good Houfes
of Brick and Timber.
Sir William Berkley, the prefent Governor refides at a place fomewhat
diflant
{Yom James^City, called Green-^Spring, a fair Brick Houfe, which he
himfelf caus'd to
be built.
The other Towns of Note belonging to the English,3,te only Henricopolis,
or H^y/5.To-8^w,(fo nam'd from Prince Henry then living, built in a very
convenient place,
more within Land, about eighty Miles diftant from J^me^^GV)') znd Dak'sGift, fa
nam'd, and Planted at the Charges of Sir Thotnas Dale, Deputy-Governor
of the
Countrey, about the Year 1610.
The Indians of Virginia, in Stature, Complexion, and Difpofition, differ
very little from thofe of Maryland : Their Laws and Cufl:oms j their way of
Living and
Apparel 5 their Religion, Money, and manner of Burial, are the fame in
both places J all which are more particularly expreiVd in the precedent
Defcription of that
Province, to which we refer the Reader.
Yet thefe IWw5 far exceed thofe
to the
EnglifJ) there,as will appear by
Proceedings towards
them, fince the firfl Seating of
Civility of
fome particular Perfons at their
ilpon

of Mary-land, in Treachery and Cruelty

this following Relation of their
that Colony, wherein neverthelefs, the
firfl Landing is not to be omitted.

^ I

Chap. II.

A M E%^I C A

Upon the firft arrival of Captain Amidol znA Captain ^arloiff in

Wtngandacoa, now
Virginia, they were accoiled by Gr^;z^^^mfo (the King's Brother of that
Countrey)
who, attended with a Train of forty or fifty Men, came in a very civil
manner to
Treat about a Commerce of Trade and Traffick, which immediately began
between them, and feveral Barters were made : Granganimeo, who was very
juft of his
Word, and always kept his promised Day of meeting,fancy ing moft a
Pewter Difli,
gave twenty Deer^skins for it,and boring a Hole therein,hung it about
his Neck for
aBreaft-plate J afterwards he, with his whole Company, and his Wife and
Children,
frequently and familiarly did eat and drink aboard the Engltjh Ships,
the King himfelf^ callM Wtngina,\^m^ fick at his chief Town,fix days Journey off, of
a dangerous
Wound which he had received from a neighboring King his mortal Enemy.
Some
of the EnglijJ) going to Land upon the Ifle o^(^anoack, were met by
Grangammeo's
Wife, who, her Husband being abfent, commanded her Servants fome to draw
their
Boat afliore, fome to carry them on their Backs to Land, others to carry
in their
Oars into the Houfe for fear of dealing ; and having caused a great Fire
to be made,
to warm them, and to dry thofe that had been wet in their Voyage, (lie
afterwards
EntertainM them with a very plentiful Feaft or Banquet after that
Countrey fafhion J and when they took alarm at the coming of two or three of her
Men with
Bowes and Arrows, flie causM the Bowes to be broken, and the Men to be
beatea
, out of the Houfe, befides feveral other demonftrations of
extraordinary civility and when notwithftanding all this they could not be perfwaded to Lodge
any
where but in their Boat, Oie us'd all means imaginable to make them quit
their
jealoufie^ and accept of a Lodging in the Houfe.

\ In the Year 1585. a Company that went over with Sir f^ichard GreenyiU,
burnt
the Town ofjciuafcogoc, by reafon a* a Silver Cup that was floln by fome
of the
Indians, took ?xiConet Menatomn, King oUhamonoc, who gave a large
Relation of
another King about three days Journey off, who poflfefs^d an Ifland
wonderfully
rich in Pearl, which was taken in great abundance in a deep Water that
inviron'd
it. Going towards the Countrey of the Mangoacks (among whom in the
Province
of ChamisTemoatan, they heard of a Mine of ftrange Copper calFd
Wajfador, with
Sktko, the Kingof (^Wowod's Son, and }Aanteo, a faithful Salvage, for
their Guide)
they were treacheroufly dealt with by Wmgim^ alias Temi/fapan (for fo,
his Brother
Granganmeo being lately dead, he had alter'dhis Name) who endeavor'd to
flir up
a Confederacy of the Chawomcks, Moratocks, and Mangoacks againft them ;
yet by
the urgent perfwafions of Enfenore his Father, thetrueft Friend the
Englijh had, after
the death of Granganimeo,3.nd feeing them fafe return'd from their
Journey, wherein
. he thought they had all perifli'd, and efpecially ifpon Mw4foo?2V
fending Meflengers to them with Pearl, and ^/^//"co. King of ^eo/)owi^od, to yield
himfelf^Vaffal to
the Queen of England ^ his Hatred was fomewhac cool'd 5 but Enfenore
deceafing foon
after, he return'd to his old treacherous Pradifes again, and in the
end, while he
was contriving mifchief againft the Planters, he himfelf was fhot, taken
Prifoner,
and beheaded.
After the Company left upon Virginia by Sir (^chard GreenVill, (for he
himfelf was
returned) tir'd out with hunger, hardfliip, and the many extremities
they were at
laft reduced to, had deferted the Place, and obtained Palfage for
England, through
the civility of Sir Francis Drake, pitying their diftrefs, fifty Men
more were Landed
upon ^oanoack-ljle by the fame Perfon, who how they were furpris'd and
deftroy'd
by the Natives, was difcover'd at large to the Supply that was fent over
in the Year
1587. byMr. JFto,
, A

^99

T .infa<fl;ons
b.-twcen tha
Engltjh. an4
the Natives.

.i^lLSJhMIUUIwf iJllg!?-

J M E\I CA

Chap, II.

A Party of thofe that went over with Captain !BarthoIometi> Go/ml,

Captain John
Smithy &c. were by the Indians fet upon as they were raifing a Fort near
Cape Hetiry,
where they Landed, feventeen Men hurt, one flain, and all in danger to
have beea
utterly deftroy'd, had not a Shot happily made from the Ships by chance
frighted
away the Salvages. Another fmall Party under Captain Smith, going down
the
River to K^conghean, were very fiercely aflaulted by fixty or feventy
Indians, but their
Mufquet-ihot did fuch Execution amongft them, that they fled into the
Woods and
left behind them the Image of their God, which had been carried before
them as
their Standard, and not long after fent one of their Queiongca/ocks to
offer Peace, and
to redeem their Okee j which Smith granting, on condition fix onely of
them would
come unarmed and load his Boat with Provifionsj and promifing moreover
to
become their Friend, and furnifli them with Beads, Copper, and
Hatchets : They
accepted the Condition, and brought him Venifon, Turkies, wild Fowl,
Bread,
and what elfe they had, Singing and Dancing in fign of Friendfhip till

they departed. In his Return he difcover'd the Town and Countrey of

Wanaskayock, and
the PeoTplc o^ Chickaha}?iania.
In his next Voyage for the difcovery of the Head of Chickamahania Kivcr,
he was,
through negled of his Sea-men who were fent to watch the Booty,taken
Prifoner
in which condition he was kept a whole Moneth : then being releafed, he
got Pro*
vifions for the People in James'Town ; which had they not timely
receiv'd, they had
all abandoned the Place, and returned to En(rU?id,
While Aifairs flood thus in a mean condition, Captain Neii>port arriving
there
with a Ship and fixty Men to ftrengthen the Plantations, he went to
Weromocomoco^
King For^ha. where King (powhatan kept his Court, and found him fitting
on a Bed of Mats, and
an Embroidered Leather Cufiiion, Cloth'd in Deer-skins j at his Feet fat
a young
Maiden, and on each fide of the Houfe twenty Concubines j his Head and
Shoulders were painted red, andaChainof white Beads hung about his Neck.
NeHport,
to oblige him, gave him sinEnglifi Youth ; in requital whereof he
rcceivM Towhatn?i's hofomVvknd, Mamontaki with whom returning, he found a fad
Accident,
for

mgjt^

'^aViies- Town
burnt.

Smithes Voyage.

for the Eire had not onely burnt the Houfes of the new Planters, but
alfo the r>allifado's about James^ToH^n, made for a Defence againft the Enemies
Affaults, and 7;
oft of their Store j which was fo much the Worfe, becaufe it hapned in
the

Winter, and indeed had prov'dvery fatal, had not a Ship, which was
fuppos'd t6
be loft, happily arrivM there with a confiderable quantity of
ProvifiOns.
Whilft the Town was rebuilding,Smif/; fet Sail in an open Barque with
fourteen
Men and difcover'd two iQes before ?oint Charles, to which he gave his
Name j
then ran into the Inlet CHapeack, in the midft of which lay feveral
Iflands, by the Hi-enrk
Sea-men callM (Sjijfels. Before the River Wtghcoinoco they
foundadifturbed Sea, and pioiw.
more Korthcrly a Bay with freQi and hot Water, and at laft he met with
two Vtr^iwww^/whichconduded the Hwg/i//? along a Creek to Onawmoment, where fome
hundreds of them lay in Ambufcade, according to 'PoTi'W^w's appointment, to
cutoff
Smith- who leaping forth on a fudden appcar'd like Devils, all painted j
but the
Bullets flying about made them all run away. S;/iit^,whofe Dcfign was
onely to diG
cover the Countrey, and the Silver Mine of Tatawomeck, ten Leagues up
into the
Countrey, found the Metal to be of little value, fo that he returned
with little Sue
cefs, being newly cur'd of a poyfonous Wound in the Arm, which was given
him
' by a FiOi not unlike a Shark, whilft he lay aground near Tofi^ahamcL
A while after being informed of Tomhatans Defign to deftroy the En^Uf^,
(though
he had been lately Prefented by Newport with a Silver Bafin, a rich
Chair, Bed, and
Furniture belonging to it, with other things of value) he, to prevent
him, chofe
forty eight out of two hundred Men which were Garrifon'd in James^Tom,
theil
going to WeroTiPOComoco, Landed with much trouble, the River being
frozen above
half a Mile from the Shore. ^
A German Soldier amongft Smith's Company giving private notice to
Towhatan
of the Defign of the Engl'^9, made his Efcapc by flight : But Smith
going on to
^amaunke, found King Opechancangough with feven hundred Men in Arms,
threatnine a fierce Battel ; but Smith making direftly up to him, fet his
Piftol on his
Breaft, and forc'd him to lay down his Arms, (po-^hatm by this time
provided
with Swords and Mufquets by two Dutch-men, alfo began to beftir himfelf
afreOi 5
but his Intentions being too foon known, he was again quieted, and

forc'd a fecond
time to fend Smith a String of Pearl j after which a Peace was concluded
between
all the Natives and the E??^/i/^.
Many other Quarrels and Encounters there were in the Infancy of the
Plantation between the Indians and the English, wherein it would be endlefs to
recount all
the Treacheries and Ambufcades of the Salvages, fome of which had provM
very
pernicious to the Planters, had they not been betray'd to Captain Smith
by focahonta, King Towhataris Daughter, who upon all occafions ftiew'd her felf
a great
Friei^d to the Englijh, having fav'd the Captain's Life,when, being her
Father's Prifoner, he was juft brought to Execution.
This Lady was afterwards brought into England, Chriftned by the Name of
(2(ekW, and Married to one Mr. (^If, znd died ^t Gray ej end in m
intended Voyage back to her own Countrey,
Not did their Cruelties and Treacheries end when the Plantation came to
be
more fetlcd, for on the two and twentieth of March about the Year i6ii.
in the
' time of Sir Francis Wyat's Government, they generally combin'd to
deftroy all the
Englijh there and carried on this deviliOi Defign with fuch
diflimulation and dexterity, that in one day they cut off feven hundred Men, Women, and
Children,
there being at that time not above fifteen hundred in the Countrcy.
Since wliich time, in the Year of our Lord 1645. there hapned another
bloody
, MaflacrCj

'T - ' ':^^-,

^^JMSBUa^

JMU.

zoz

AMERICA Chap. II.

MafTacre wherein near five hundred En^Up, were in one Night miferably
butcher'd
r^^r ''1^''^;"^^"^ perfidious Salvages, whofe Blood the orefenc
Governor
S.r miH^n 2.Mfe, nobly and juftly reveng'd the Year following, Utterly
deftroyi
n,oftofthen, and tak.ng Px.foner therr chief Emperor, OeuLcono,Lo iJ2
long arcer in Prifon.
Having given but a fmall hint, in its proper place, of the Story of
Captaui
Sn,nh s Ipr.fonment by 9oU.un, and his deliverance from Death by P.X
we have thought not improper to referve the Story of it, being very
remarkable
for a partKular Relation, before we conclude ou\ Def^riptioLf L"! I
ocherw.fe we fliould have interrupted the Series of our former Difcourfe
The%elatm of Captain SmhhV being taken Trifoner by Powhatan and
of hts betng delroerdfrom 'Death byhts i^W Pocahoma
THe Salvages having drawn from one George Cajfen , whither Captain
^te'!7"l Tn P^fr"""g ''' opportunity, they folloWd him with
in divir r u ^T'^'^' ""''"'*^'' by ^he King of <Pan,aunkee , who
n divrfions. fearchmg the turnings of the River, found two of hrs Men by
the fire fide whom they ft ot full of Arrows , and flew. Then finding
the
Captam who, as is fa,d . us'd the Salvage that was his Guide as his
Shield
ntrhil Th f ' 't' ^\' "''"' '""^^ ^''''^ ''' '^ would not 1;
near h.m Th.nkmg thus to have return'd to his Boat , regarding them as
hemarchd more than his way, he flipp'd up to the middle in' an oler^Teek
wl U r^r '""' y" "^"'^ '^'y "^ -^ '"l^i. 11 being near dead
with cold, he threw away his Arms : Then according to thei; compofition
th y
Ivtre T f-AU- T' ''' 'T '"''" '"' "^'"^ "^''^^ --^-; dil gent'
ly they chaf d his benumm-d Limbs, he demanding for their Captain, they
fh!w d
h.m OpechMauougl,, King of fa.au.kee, to whom he gave a roLd vory double
compafs Dyal Much they marvel'd at the playing of tlie Fly and Needle!
which
hey could fee fo plainly, and yet not touch it, becaufe of tL Glafs tha
cover'd
them; but when he demonftrated by that Globe-like Jewel, the roundnefs
of the
uf'uJu'' ^'^f Ph-oftheSun, Moon, and Stars, and how the Sun id
chafe the Night round about the World continually , the greatnefs of the

Land
and Sea , the diverfity of Nations, variety of Complexions, and how we
were to
them Jnc.fodes, nd many other fuch like matters, they all ftood as
amaz'd with
admiration : Notwithftanding, within an hour after they ty'd him to a
Tree and
as many as could ftand about him prepar'd to flioot him / but the King
holding up
he Compafs in his Hand, they all laid down their Bowes and Arrows, and !
n I
p'Tf '"r'n""./*^^ ' ^"'^''''' "^^"'^^ '"'' ^f^^^ 'heir manner kindly
Fealted, and well us d. xv u y
King in th m.dft had all their Bowes and Swords borAe before him.
Captain
5,r/,was led after him by three great Salvages, holding him fad by each
Arm
and on each fide fix went in Fyle with their Arrows nocked. But arnving
at rhe '
Town (which was but onely thirty or forty Hunting Houfes made of Matst
which
hey remove as they pleafe, as we our Tents) all the Women and Children
ftarin.
and gazing at h.m, the Sould.ers firftall in Fyle wheel'd off to the
Rear in good
Order on each Flank were Officers, like Serjeants to fee them keep their
Poft.Tres :
A good t.me they continu'd this Exercife, and then call themfelves .n a
Rin.,
DancngmfuchfeveralPoftures, and finging and yelling out fuch helHft NotS
and

^'^i*'-^^''''''"-^

Chap. If. A M E%^1 C A,

and Screeches being flrangely Pdiaced, every one his Quiver of Arrows,
and ac
his Back a Club j on his Arm a Fox or an Occersskin, or fome fach
matter for his
vambrace; their Heads and Shoulders Painted red, with Oyl and (Pocom
mingled
togeEher, which Scarlet^ike colour, made an exceeding handfome fiiowhisBowe
in his Hand, and the Skin of.a Bird with her Wings abroad dryM, ty'd on
his Head,
apiece of Copper, a white Shell, a long Feather, with a fmall Rattle
growing at
the Tails of their Snaks ty'd to it, or fome luch like Toy. All this
while Smith and

the King flood in the midil:, guarded, as before is faid, and after
three Dances they
all departed. Smith they conduced to a long Houfe, where thirty or forty
tall FeU
lows did' guard him , and e're long , more Bread and Venifon was brought
him
than would have Ferv'd twenty Men, I think his Stomack at that time was
not very good ; what he lefc, they put in Baskets and tyM over his Head. About
midnight they fet the Meat again before him all this time none of them
would eat a
bit with him, till the next Morning they brought him as much more, and
then
jid they eat all the old, and refervM the new as they had done the
other, which
made him think they would feed hmi for Daughter : Yet in this defperate
eftate to
fend him from the cold, one Maocajfater brought him his Gown, in
requital of fomc
Beads and Toys S?jitth had given him at his firfl arrival in Virginia.
Two days after a man would have flain him (but that the Guard prevented
it)
For the death of his Son, to whom they cooduded him to recover the poor
man
:hen breathing his laft. Smith told them, that at James^Town he had a
Water would
lo it, if they would let him fetch it, but they would not permit that ;
but made all
:he preparations they could to ailauk James-Toion , craving his advice,
and for re
:ompence he fhould have Life, Liberty, Land, and Women In part of a
Table.
Dopk he writ his mind to them at the Fort, what was intended, how they
fhould
ollow that direaion to affright the meffengers, and without fail fend
him fuck
;hings as he writ for, and an Inventory with them. The difficulty and
danger, he
.old the Salvages, of the Mines, great Guns, and other Engines,
exceedingly afTightedthem, yet according to his Requeft they went to James^Toi^n, in
as bitter
jveather as could be of Frofl and Snow, and within three days return'd
with an Anfwer.
But when they came to James-Town^ feeing Men Tally out as he had told
them
:hey would, they fled j yet in the night they came again to the fame
place where
le had told them they fliould receive anfwer, and fuch things as he had
promised
:hem, which they found accordingly, and with which they return'd with no
fmall
expedition, to the wonder of them all, fuppofing that he could either

Divine,or
the Paper could fpeak : then they led him to the Youthtanmids, the
Matta^anients, the
Tayankatanksj the Nantaughtacunds, and Onalt>manients upon the Rivers
of^^apahanock,
md ^ataipomek, through intricate ways, and back again by divers other
feveral Nations, to the Kings Habitation at famaunkee, where they entertained him
with mofi
fttange and fearful Conjurations. Not long after,early in the Morning, a
great fire
was made in a long Houfe , and a Mat fpread on each fide thereof; on the
one
they caus'd him to lit, and all the Guard went out of the Houfe, and
prefently
there came skipping in a great grim fellow, all Painted over with Coal,
mingled
with Oyl; andmany Snakes and Wefels -skins fluff'd with Mofs , and all
their
Tails ty'd together, fo as they met on the Crown of his Head in a Taffel
; and
round about the Taffel was a Coronet of Feathers , the Skins hangin^y
round
about his Head, Back, and Shoulders, and in a manner cover\l his Face ^^
with a
hellifh voice, and a Rattle in his Hand. With moft grange gefturcs and
paflions
^e began his Invocation, and environed the fire with a Circle of Meal which
done.

Zb:

m.

"ysasasa

204.

A M E %I C A.

CI

Ic

ap.

II

done, three more iuch like Devils came rufhing in with the likr antique
Tricks
Painted half blacky half red j but all their Eyes were Painted white,
and fome rec
(Irokes like Mutchato^Sj along their Cheeks : round about him thofe
Fiends Danc'c
a pretty while, and then came in three more as ugly as the refl^ with
red Eyes, anc
white {Irokes over their black Faces at laft they all ^fate down right
againft him
three of them on the one hand of the chief Prieft, and three on the
other j then al
with their Rattles began a Song, which ended;, the chief Prieft laid
down iiv<
Wheat Corns, then ffcretching his Arms and Hands with fuch violence,
that h<
fweat, and his Veins fwell'd, he began a (hort Oration : at the
conclufion, thej
all gave a fhort groan, and then laid down three Grains more 5 after
that, becrar
their Song again;, and then another Oration, ever laying down Co many
Corns a;
before, till they had twice incircled the Fire that done, they took a
bunch of lit'
tie Sticks, prepared for that purpofe_, continuing ftill their
Devotion^, and at the
end of every Song and Oration , they laid down a Stick between the
Divifions oi
Corn: till night, neither he nor they did either eat or drink, and then
they fea.
fled merrily, with the befl: Provifions they could make : Three days
they us'd thu
Ceremony, the meaning whereof they told him, was to know if he intended
them
well, or no. The Circle of Meal fignifi'd their Countrcy, the Circles of
Corn the
bounds of the Sea, and the Sticks his Countrey. They imagined the World
to be
flat and rourfd, like a Trencher, and they in the midft. After this they
brought him
a Bag of Gun-powder, which they carefully preferv'd till the next
Spring, to Plant

as they did their Corn, becaufe they would be acquainted with the nature
of that
Seed. Opitchapamj the King's Brother, invited him to his Houfc;, where,
with as many Platters of Bread, Fowl, and wild Beails, as did environ him, he bid
him welL
come, but not any ot them would eat a bit with him, but put up all the
remainder
in Baskets. At his return to Opechancanoughs, all the Kings Women, and
their Children, flock'd about him for their Parts^ as a due by Cuftom, to be merry
with fuch
Fragments.
At lafl, they brought him to Meronocofnoco, where was Towhatan their
Emperor.
Here more than two hundred of thofe grim Courtiers flood wondering at
him, as
he had been a Monfter till fowhatan and his Train had put themfelvcs
in their
greateft Braveries. Before a Fire, upon a feat like a Bedfted, he fit
cover'd with a
great Robe, made of ^trowcmi'Skms^ and all the Tails hanging by. On
either
hand did fit a young Maid, of fixteen or eighteen years of Age, and
along on each
iide the Houfe, two rows of Men, and behind them as many Women, with all
their Heads and Shoulders Painted red 5 many of their Heads bedeck'd
yi^ith the
white Doun of Birds , but every one with fomething, and a great Chain of
white
Beads about their Necks. At his entrance before the Emperor, all the
People gave a
great fliout. The Queen of Appamatuck was appointed to bring him Water
to wafli
his Hands, and another brought him a bunch of Feathers, in ftead of a
Towel to
dry them : Having Feafted him after their barbarous manner as well as
they could,
along confultation was held, but in conclufion, two great Stones being
broucrht
before Powhatan, as many as could, laid Hands on him, dragged him to
them, and
thereon laid his Head;, when being ready with their Clubs, to beat out
his Brains,
^ocahonta^^ the Emperors deareft Daughter, feeing no intreaty could
prevail, got his
Head in her Arms, and laid her own upon his to lave him from death ;
whereat,
the Emperor was contented he fhould live to make him Hatchets, and r
Bells,
Beads, and Copper, for they thought him a Man of all Occupations like
them
felves J for the King himfelf will make his own Robes, Shoes, Bowes,
A^^rows^
Pots, Plant, Hunt, or do any thing as well as the reft. '

Twc

X-.5?'

sH

! U

! I

!r

i>-.

'"^''-""**^

Chap. IL ' ^ M E%^I C J. 105

Two days after, ^owhaunh^y'mg difguis'd himfelf in the moH fearful
manner
he could, caus'd Captain Smith to be brought forth to a great Houfe in
the Woods^
^nd there upon a Mat by the Fire to be left alone. Not long after, from
behind a
Mat that divided the Houfe, was made the moft doleful noifc he ever
heard - them
(powhatan, more like a Devil than a Man, with about two hundred more as
bhck as
himfelf,came unto him, and told him, That now they were Friends, and
prefently
hefliould go to James'Toivn, to fend him two great Guns and a
Grindftone, for
which he Would give him the Countrey oUapaho-^oftck, and for ever efteem

him as
his Sbn NantaquouJ. So to James -Town with twelve Guides Towhatan fent
him.
That Night they Quarter'd in the Woods, he ftiU expe^ing (as he had done
all
this long time of his Imprifonment) every hour to be put to one Death or
other,
for all their Feafting : but Almighty God (by his Divine Providence) had
molli!
fi'd the Hearts of thofe ftcrn 'BarbdYians with compafllon. The next
Morning betimes they came to the Fort, where Smith having us'd the Salvages with
what kind
nefs he could, he fliew'd %ait>hmt, fofi^hatans trufty Servant, two
Demi^Culverins
and a Milftone, to carry to Towhata?i : they found them fornewhat too
heavy j but
when they faw him Difcharge them, they being loaded with Scones, amoogft
the
Boughsof a great TreeJoaded with Ifickles,the Ice and Branches came fo
tumbling
[lown, that the poor Salvages ran away half dead with Fear. But at laft
we regained fome Conference v^rith them, and gave them fome Toys, and fent to
^Towhd[ans Women and Children fuch Prefents, as gave them in general, full
content.
S E c T. V
Carolina^

CArolma is that part of Flonda which lies between twenty nine and thirty
ilx si:uanona4
Degrees and thirty Minutes of Northern Latitude : It is wafliM on
theStX^
Eaft and South, with the Ma?itick Ocean ; on the Weft with Mare (paafiw, or the South Sea 5 and on the North, bounds on Fir^'mia, A Countrey
wherein
Mature fhcws how bountiful flie can be without the affiftance of Art,
the Inhabiants (excepting a little Kdi^which their old Men and Women Plant)
depending
neerly on the natural and fpontaneous Growth of the Soil for theiiProvifions,
he Woods furnifliing them with ftore of Fruit and Venifon, and the
Rivers with
>lenty of feveral forts of wholfom and favory Fifli'.
This Maintenance, which without forecaft or toil they receive from the
natural
ruitfulnefs of the Countrey, will, if we confider either the largencfs
of their
Growth, or the duration of their.Lives, be thought neither fcanty nor
unhealthy,

heir Stature being of a larger fize than that of ;ig///7?.men, their

Make ftrong and
^rellproportion'd, a crooked or mif-fliapen Perfon being not to be found
in the
?hole Countrey j and (where the chance of War, which they are almoft
continully cngag'd in one againft another in their little Governments, fpares
any ^f
hem) they live to an incredible old age fo that when the EngUjJj came
there, they
ound fome of their Kings, who faw dcfcend from them the fixth
Generation,
The Soil is very rich and fertile, producing naturally Walnuts, Grapes
(of]
7hich the EngUJh who are there Planted have made very good Wine)
Apricocks
iullys, with a multitude of others ; befides the Woods alfo are full of
very good
eaches, and all the Seafon of the Year ftrew^d all over with
Strawberries. MiiL
erry=Trces are the common growth of the Woods 5 and to aifurc you they
are che
atural Offspring of the Place, and grow to an incredible bignefs^one
whereof the

of ihe Soil.

EmzUiJj-

106

AMERICA ' Chap, It

Endtp (who are new Planted at Jlhemark foint oa JfHo River) made ufc to
faften the
Gate of their PalUlado to, was To large, that all who came from thence
fay, they
never faw any Oak in England bigger, which is but the ordinary fize of
the Mulberry-Trees of this Countrey, which is fo fure an Argument of the
richnefs of the
Soil that the Inhabitants of Firpnia enquiring of the Seamen who came
from
thence concerning the Quality and Produ^ of the Countrey, when they were

inform'd of the large Mulberry-Trees it producM, werefo well fatisfi'd

with it, that
they made no farther Enquiry. There are alfo other Trees, as Afh,
Poplar, and
Bay with fevcral forts unknown to us of Europe . but thofc which make it
almofl:
all o'ne general Forreft of large Timber.Trees, are Oak, both red and
white, and
Cedar. There are alfo here and there large Groves of Pinc-Trees, fomc a
hundred
Foot high, which afford a better fort of Maft than are to be had either
in Mary^
land or Norway. Thefe larger Trees weaving their luxuriant Branches into
a clofe
Shade, fuffer no Under-wood to grow between them, cither by their
Droppings,
or elfe' the Heads of Deer which loofening all the tender Shoots, quite
deflroy itjfo
that a ^reat part of the Countrey is as it were a vafl Forreft of fine
Walks, free from
thehe^t of the Sun,or the incumbrance of Shrubs and Buflies,and fo clear
and open,
that a Man may eafily ride a Hunting amongft the Trees, yielding a
Profped very
pleafant andfurpaffing. On the Skirts of thefe Woods grow Icffer Trees
and Shrubj
of feveral forts amongft them are fundry Dying Materials, which how
well the
Inhabitants know how to make ufe of, appears in the Deer-Skins that the
chief ol
them wear, which are Painted, or rather DyM, with feveral lively
Colours. Bui
amongft their Shrubs, one of moft note and ufe is that whofe Leaves make
then
Cafm a Drink they frequently ufe, and affirm to be very advantageous for
the prefe^vation of Health 5 which, by the defcription our E?2gUJh give of the
fize, colour
and fliapeof the Leaf, the fort of Tree it grows on,and the tafte,
colour, and effcdi
of the Drink, which is nothingbutthe Decodionof the Leaf, ieemstobe
thever,
fame with the Eaft-lndta TEE, and by thofe who have fccn and tafted
both, af
firm'd to be no other, and may very probably be a fpontaneous and native
Plan!
of this Place, fince thofe who give us an account of it, tell us, that
this fo mud
valuM Leaf grows moft plentifully in nanking, a Province in China under
the vcrj
fame Latitude,and very much agreeing in Soil and Situation with this of
Carolma.
What Herbs elfc the Countrey produces, the Engltjh Enquirers (who by
mmdm^
their Plantations and Settlement there, have been taken off from fuch
unprofitabh

Aaions) aive us but little account, onely they fay, that thofe Plats of
Grounc
which hav'^e been formerly clear'd off by the Indwis for the Planting
their Corn,
they found thick covered with three-leavM Grafs and Dazies, which the
fertility oi
the Soil thrufts forth, whenever the Natives remove their Tillage to
fome othei
place and leave the Earth to its own produdion and in other parts they
founc
plenty of Garden Herbs growing wild. The low and Moorifh Grounds arc foi
fhe moft part overgrown with Sedge and Reeds, and fuch other Trafli,
which ufu
ally incumbers rich and uncultivated Lands 5 thofe they call Smmfas,
which witl
a little Husbandry would prove very good Meadows. There are alfo fome
larg
and pleafant Sayanas, or graffy Plains.
Thefe are a part of the Trees and Plants beft known to us, that Nature
ot he
felf produces, in a Soil which contrives and nouriflies any thing. The
EngltJJ^ wh<
arc now Planted in the moft Northern parts of it, at Jlhemarle,
bordering on Vtrgt
ma, have Apples, Pears, Cherries, Apricocks, Plumbs, and Water.Melons,
equa
lingr and if you will believe the Inhabitants, both in largenqfsof fize
and goodne
of tafte, exceeding any in Europe. And they who are Setled farther South
on #/
' ^ ' Rivei

he

Chap. n. ^ qJ~ M E Ts^ I C J, ^^y

River, have found that the Oranges, Lemmons, Pomegranates, Limes, Pome^
citrons, CT^c. which they Planted there, have thriven beyond expedation
and
there is nothing which they have put into the Earth, that through any
defed'in the
Soil^ hath failed to profper.
Befides thofe things which do ferve to fatisfie Hunger, or provoke it,
the Land c-mod
doth with great return produce Indigo, Ginger, Tobacco, Cotton, and
other Com- Sunl^
modities fit to fend abroad and furnifli foreign Markets; and when a
little time
fhall have brought thofe kind of Plants to maturity, and given the
Inhabitants

leifureto fumiih chemfelves with Conveniences for ordering thofe things

aright,
the Trials that they have already made of the Soil and its fitnefs for
fuch plantations, affure you, that befides Silk, enough to Rare Europe, and a
great many
other confiderable Commodities, they Oiall have as great plenty of good
Wine
and Oyl, as any part of the World.
The Mould is generally black, mellow, and upon handling feels fofc, and
(to
ufe their Expreffion who have been there) foapy, and is generally all
over the
Countrey jufi: like the fine Mould of our well ordered Gard^eos. Under
this black
Earth, which is of a good thicknefs in moil places that they have try'd,
there lies a
Bed of Marie, and in fome parts Clay.
The Rivers are ftor'd with plenty of excellent Fidi of feveral forts,
which are ta. m and
ken with great eafe in abundance, and are one great part of the Natives
Provifion, """'"''^"^
who are never like to want this Recruit, in a Countrey fo abounding in
large Ri'
vers, there being in that one fmall Trad between <pQrt%afal and Cape
Carteret,
which are not one Degree diftant, five or fix great Navigable Rivers,
that empty
thcmfelves into the Sea. Thefe Rivers are alfo cover'd with Flocks of
Ducks and
Mallard, whereof millions are feen together-, befides Cranes, Herons,
GceCe^ Curlews, and other Water-Fowl, who are fo eafie to be killed, that onely
rifing'at the
difcharge and noife of a Gun, they inftantly light again in the fame
place, and pre.
fently offer a frefli Mark to the Fowler. At the Mouths of the Rivers,
and along
the SeaCoafi:, are Beds of Oyfters, which are of a longer Make than
thofe in Europe,
but very well tailed, wherein are often found good large Pearls, which
though the'
unskilful /Jidf by waihing the Oyfters do commonly difcolour, and
fpoil their
iuilrc, yet 'tis not to be doubted, but if rightly order'd, there will
be found many
of value, and the Fiihing for them turn to fome account.
Befides the eafie Provifions which the Rivers and Sea afford, their
Woods are
well fliock'd with Deer, Rabbets, Hares, Turtle-Doves, Phefants,
Partridges, and
an mfinite number of Wood.Pigeons and wild Turkies, which are the
ordinary
Diihesof the Indians, whofe Houfe-keeping depends on their Fifliing and

Hunting,
and who have found it no ill way of Living in fo fertile a Countrey, to
truil thcmfelves without any labor or forecail, to the Supplies which are there
provided to
their hands, without the continual trouble of Tillage and Husbandry.
Befides,
thefe Woods are fiU'd with innumerable variety of fmaikr Birds, as
different iJ
their Notes as Kinds.
The Temperature of this Province is agreeableto a Countrey, whofe
Pofition xem^craue
IS on the warmer fide of the temperate Zone, but yet the Heat is not fo
fultry nor ;f
ofFenfive, as in Places under the fame Latitude in the Old World ; to
which modera- "''"*
tion of Heat, as well as the healthinefs of it, the vail MantickOccm,
lying to the
Eail and South of it, may perhaps not a little contribute, an inilance
whereof
fome think China to be ; to which dcfervedly admir'd Countrey Carolina
exadly anIwers m its Pofition and Latitude, the trending from North-Eail to
South- Well
ofitsCoail, andthelownefsof its Shore, and wants nothing but
Inhabitants, to
Y 2 make

II

loS - A M %! C A. Chap. 11
make it equal, if not excell, in all conveniences of Life, as it doth in
richnefs of
Soil, that flourifhing Enapire. I'he heakhinefs of the Air is fiich,
that it is not
onely benign and favorable to the home-bred Indians^ and Conftitutions
accuftom'd
to it, but the Englijli-ratvi who firft Planted on Jjhley River, though
for fome other
Conveniences they Planted on the fide, or almoft middle of a Morafs, and
were encompafs'd with a fait Marfli, where the Air, pent up with Woods that
furrounded
them, had not that freedom it hath in open and cultivated Countreys, yet
loft noc
in a whole years time, of a confiderable number, any onePerfon, of any
Difeafeto

be imputed to the Countrey, thofefew that dy*d in that time finkif^

under lingring Diftempers which they brought with them, and had almoft worn them
out
before they came thither. The 'Bermudians (who being accuftom'd to the
pure Air
of their own Ifland, cannot without hazard of their Lives put themfelves
into any
other Place) affur'd of the healthinefs of this Place, which is the next
Land to
them, and under the fame Latitude, venture hither. And generally all the
Engl'tfh
Planting in the lVeJlIndies, are fo taken with the Conveniences of this
Countrey,
which, as fome of the moft confiderable of the Englljh in thofe Parts
fay of it, promifes all that the Heart of Man can wifli, that they fend the overplus
of their People hither ; to which the Inhabitants of iB^r^it^oj, a skilful and wary
fort of Planters, well knowing in all the parts of the Weji-lndies, have been found
to remove the
Hands they could fpare. As the Summer is not intolerably nor
ofiFenfively hot, fi>
the Winter is not troublefom nor pinching, but enough to corre<5t the
Humors of
Mens Bodies, the better to ftrengthen them, and prefcrve their Healths,
and To far
to check the growth of Plants, that by this ftop they may put out more
regularly,'
and the Corn and other Fruits the better ripen together, and be ready
feafonably ac
the Harveft, the want whereof in fome Countreys hinders the beneficial
Growth
of feveral valuable Commodities,the continual Spring all the year long
making thac
their Crops ar^ never ready, their Trees being laden with green and ripe
Fruit at
the fame time, which is to be feen in the Vines growing between the
Troj^kks,
where, though they bear excellent Grapes, yet they cannot make any Wine,
whileft
the mixture of ripe and fowre Grapes upon the fame Branch, renders them
unfit for
the Prefs, which from Grapes fo blended, though of a good kind, would
fqueeze
out a very crude and ufelefs Liquor. This alfo is the reafon why many
Parts
where our Wheat will grow very well, do yet lofe the benefit of it,
whileft the feveral Ears ripening unequally, never make the Crop fit for the Sickle.
But this
Countrcy hath Winter enough to remove that Inconvenience, and to put
fijch a ftop
to the Rife of the Sap, and the Budding of Plants, as to make the
feveral kinds of
Fruits Bud and BlofTom in their diftind Seafons, and keep even pace till

they are
fit to be gather'd.
Naturccon- '^ ^ this happy Climate the uatlvc Itth abitattts arc very
well fuited, a ftrong,
fi.tuuons,ami \^^j ^ ^^^ ^^^\\ (hap'd Pcoplc, who to their well knit and
adive Bodies, v^ant not
ftouc and vigorous Minds ; they are a People of a good Underftanding,
well Humored, and generally fo juft and Honeft, that they may feem to have no
notice of,
as their Language hath no word for, Diflionefty and Cheating ; and the
worft
Name they have for ill Men is, that they are not good. They are a ftout
and va*
liant People, which appears in the conftant Wars they arc cngagM in, not
out of
covctoufnefs, and a defire of ufurping others Pofteflions, or to enrich
themfelves by
the Spoils of their Neighbors, but upon a pitch of Honor, and for the
glory of Vi*
<ll:ory, which is their gre.ateft joy, there being no parts of their
Lives wherein they
enjoy fo much fatisfa(5lion, and give themfelves fo wholly to Jollity,
as in their
Triumphs after Vi^^ory. Valor therefore \s the Vertue they moft eftecm
and
reward.

Manners
the Inhabitants.

Chap. IL ^ ^ M E %^l C A, 209

reward, and he which hath behav'd himfelf well in the Wars, is fuifer'd
ro wear
the Badges of Honor, and is advanced beyond others with fome Marks of
his
Courage ; which amongft fome is blacking the Skin below his Eyes with
black
Lead, in faOiion fomething of an Half-Moon ; which Mark of Courage is
not fuffer'd to be worn by any, but thofe who by fome brave Adion, as killing
the Ene*
my's Leader, <j^c. hath fignaliz'd himfelf in their Encounters. They are
faithful to
their Promifes, fair and candid in their Dealings, and fofar from
Difhonefty, that

they want even the Seeds of it, V/;^. Forecaft and Covetoufnefs ; and he
will be
very little apt to deceive you to Day, who troubles not himfelf much
about to
MorroW;, and trufts for the Provifions of the Day to the Day it felf j
which proceeds not in them for want of Wit, but defire of Content and Quiet, or
by the help
of their natural Reafon they enjoy that Happinefs which the Philofophers
could
not by their Study and Reading attain to, whileft thefe Men cut oflf
thofe Dclires
which Learning could never help the other to Govern, and which if once
permitted to run out beyond the prefent, are capable of no Reft nor Bounds. In
their
Converfation they are courteous and civil, and in their Vifits make
Prefents to one
another; when they meet, their way of Salutation is ftroaking on the
Shoulders,
and fucking in their Breath and if he be a great Man whom they Salute^
they
ilroak his Thighs too ; as civil an Addrefs, as thofe Patterns of good
Breeding, the
Hero's, us'd to their Princes, who in their greateft Courtfliips, we are
told, em
brac'd their Knees : After their Salutation they fit down ; audit is
ufual with
them to fit ftill almoft a quarter of an hour before they fpeak, which
is not an eifed
of ftupidity orfuUennefsjbut theaccuftom'd Gravity of their Countrey 5
for they
are in their Tempers a merry, froUick, gay People, and fo given to
Jollity, that
they will Dance whole Nights together, the Women fittingby and Singing,
whileft
the Men Dance to their Ayrs, which though not like ours, are not harfli
or unpleafing, but are fomething like the Tunes of the Ir//^ : Sothat if we will
not let our
felves too fondly admire onely the Cuftoms we have been bred up in, nor
think
Men are to be valu'd for making Legs after our Mode, or the Clothes they
wear,
whichjthe finer and gayer they arc, always the more to be fufpeited of
Luxu ry and
EfFeminatenefs ; if we will allow but thefe Men to follow the Garbs of
their own
Countrey, and think them fine enough in a fliape onely to hide their
Nakednefs
before, or a Deer.skin hanging loofely on their Shoulders, and their
Women not
ill Drefs'd in Garments of Mofs, and Necklaces of Beads, whileft the
Fafliion of
their Courts require no other Ornaments ; if, I fay, a long and pleafant
Lifc^
without Diftemper or Care, be to be valu'd, without the incumbrance of

unneccflary Trinkets ; if Men are to be efteem'd for Valor, Honefty,

FriendOiip, Humanity and good Nature, though Strangers to the ceremonious Troubles we
are
accuftom'd to, the Natives of Carolina will as little, or perhaps lefs,
deferve the
Name ofMi/erable, or Salvage, as thofe that give it them. 'Tis true, the
French and
Spaniards who have Planted amongft them, or with little Armies travell'd
their
Countrey, have been ill handled by them ; but yet the Indians never did
them any
iiarm, or treated them othcrwife than Friends, till thofe Europeans by
their breach of
Faith and feveral Outrages, hadprovok'd their juft Revenge ; and they
did nothing
but what moft vertuous and generous fort of Men are apt to do, to
revenge thofe
Affronts, which did not agree with their Tempers tamely to endure. That
this did not proceed from treachery and inconftancy in their Natures, is
apparent
in the contrary Correfpondence they have had with the En^Up? Setled
amongft
them, to whom they have been all along very kind, as they were at firft
very covetous of their Company j for after that fome of their King's Relation had
been ac
!BarbadQ^

^i^ ^ M E "Kl C A. Chap. IL

<Bciyhaios anahadfeenandadmir'd the Temper, FaflVions, and Strength of
the
Emm there, and had been very civilly Treated in that iHand, they were lo
well
fattsfi'd with them, that at the coming of the EngUp^ to Settle there,
the feveral lictle
Kingdoms ftrove with all the Arts and Arguments they could ufe, each of
them to
draw the Bnolifh to Plant in their Dominions, by commending the nchnefs
of their
Soil convenlency of their Rivers, the healthinefs of their Countrey, the
difparagement of their Neighbors, and whatever elfe they judgd might allure the
^/(/^ to
their Neighborhood. Nor was this onely the firft heat of Men fond of
Novelties,
and as foon weary of them again, but ever fince the EngUfr firft Planted
^t Alhemark
(point on jpiey River, they have continued to do them all manner of

friendly Offices ' ready on all occafions to fupply them with any thing they have
obferv'd
them to want, not making ufe of our Mens Nece/Tities, as an opportunity
to enhance the Price of their Commodities, a fort of fair Dealing we could
fcarce have
promis'd them amongft civiliz'd, wellbred, and religious Inhabitants, of
any part
of Europe . and though they are much frighted with our Guns, both fmall
and great,
yet like innocent and welL-meaning People, they do not at all diftruft
our Power,
but freely, without fufpicion,truft themfelves, both Men and Women, even
their
Kings themfelves, in our Town, Lodging and Dancing there frequently
whole
Nights together, upon no other Pledges but the bare confidence of our
mutual
Friendfliip ; nor do our Men ufe any greater caution in Converfing with
them,
ftraglingupanddown, and travelling fingly and unarmed through their
Woods
for many Miles about, and are fo far from receiving any injury or ill
treatment
from them, that on the contrary they are kindly us'd and Entertained,
and guided
by them in their Way whenever they defire it 5 and when any of our Men
meet
them in their Walks, the Ww5 all ftand ftill till they are gone by,
civilly SalutincT them as they pafs. Nor doth this Affurance of theirs bound it felf
within
thek own Homes,they of their own accords venturing themfelves aboard our
Ships,
' have gone voluntarily with our Men to rirginia and <Barhados. Nor have
the EngltJJ?
been wanting on their parts in any thing that may prefervc this Amity,
being vely cautious of doing them any injury, bartering with them for thofe
things they
receive of them, and buying of them even the wafte Land they make no ufe
of.
Befides the fimplicity of the Indians Diet, it is very remarkable, that
they have a
general averfion to thofe two things which are mofi: acceptable to our
Palates, and
without which few of us either eat or drink with any delight ; for in
their Meats
they cannot endure the leaft mixture or rclliOi of Salt ; and for their
Drink, they
utterly abominate all manner of ftrong Liquor ; to the latter whereof,
their large
Growth and conftant Health, is perhaps not a little owing.
Every little Town is a diftind Principality, Govern'd by an Hereditary

King,
who in fome places is not Son, but Sifters Son to the precedent King,
the Succeffion of the Blood.Royal being continued by the fafer fide. The great
Bufinels of
thofe Princes is to lead their Men out againft their Enemies in War, or
againft
the Beafts in Hunting ; for unlefs it be to appoint them where to Hunt,
or elfe to
Confult about making fome Attempt upon their Enemy, he hath but fmall
trouble
in.the Government of his Subjeds, who either through their own Honefly,
or the
few occafions they have for Controverfies in then extempore wa.y of
Living, need
few Laws, and little Severity to keep them in order-, but yet they
Govern their
People without Contraft, and fail not of a ready Obedience to their
Commands ;
fo that when fome of them have bought things of fuch of the E?iglish,
who by the
Orders made amongft our felves were not to Traffick with the Indians,
they have,
upon Complaint made to their Caftaues, been reftor'd again, though in
ftrid Rules
^ of

Their manner
of Government.

Ill'miiiiiiiiiiiiiiii

Chap. IL ^ A M E%^1 C A, ait

of Law they were neither bound by, nor oblig'd to take notice of the
Rules \^hich
were m^ade onely to Govern our own People, and had at juft Prices bought
what
they carry'd away ; fuch is the Honefty of Men, whofe Principles not
being corrupted with Learning and Diftindiion, are contented to follow the
Didates of
right Reafon, which Nature has fufficiently taught all Men for the well
ordering
of their Anions, and enjoyment and prcfervation of humane Society, who
do not
give themfelves up to be amus'd and deceived by infignificant Terms, and
minding
what is juft and right, feeknot Evafions in the Niceties and Fallacies

of Words.
The fame is to be faid of the firft Difcovery of this Countrey, as hath
been for- cartUna
merly faid oiVirgmia and Florida^ of both which it partakes ; but as to
the prefent pent^^I
Intercft and Propriety, the Englijh^ befides all Vtrgmia intirely, have
alfo fo much S^perfons
0^ Florida as makes up thisconfiderable Province of Carolina, which foon
after the jift""^*"
happy Reftauration of His prefent Majefty King Charles IL from whom it
receives
Denomination, was granted by Patent to Edward Earl of Clarendon, L.
Chancellor
o^ England ^George Duke oi Mhemarle, William Earl of Crayenjjohnhord
'Berkley j Anthony
Lord Ajhlejy Sir George Carteret ^ Vice-Ghamberlain of His Majefty V
Houfliold, Sir
WtUiam Berkley, Knight and Baronet, and Sir John Colleton, Knight and
Baronet.
The Lords-Proprietors of this Countrey, for the better Settlement of it
accord
ing to their Patent granted unto them by His Majefty, and for the
enlargement of
the King's Dominions in thofe parts o( America, have been at great
Charge to fecurc
this fo rich and advantageous^ Countrey to the Crown o[ England, to whom
of an*
cicnt Right, by the Difcovery of Sir Sehaftian Cahottm the time o[ Henry
the Seventh,
it doth belong,and for its Situation, Fertility, Neighborhood to our
other Plantations and fevcral other Conveniences, of too valuable confideration to be
negligently
loft : By the Care therefore and Endeavors of thofe Great Men, it hath
now two Their care
confidcrable Colonies Planted in it, the one of Albemarle, on the North
fide, border- and^mJTrl^
ing on Virginia, where are fome hundreds of Englifh Families remov'd
thither Stafiot!
from New England, and fome of our other Plantations in the Weft-Indies ;
and another towards the middle of the Countrey, at Charles-Town, or Ajhley^iyer , a Settlement fo hopeful, for the healthinefs of the Land, and convenience of
accefs by a
large deep Navigable River, and fo promifing in its very Infancy, that
many of
the rich Inhabitants of 'Barbados and Bermudas, who are now crowded up
in thofe
flourifliing Iflands, and many in our other American Plantations, are
turning their
Eyes and Thoughts this way, and have already removed part of their Stock
and
Servants thither. Nor is it to be doubted, but that many, following the
Example

of thofe who went to Albemarle, will be drawn to this better Plantation

at AJhley*
(^Ver,tom JS^ew^England, where the heat of their Zeal, and the coldnefs
of the Air,
doth not agree with every Man's Conftitution ; and therefore it is to be
thought^
that many well temper'd Men, who are not much at eafe under fuch
Extreams, will
be forward to remove hither.
The LordsProprietors, for the comfortable fubfiftence, and future
enrichment Fair Trrm.
of all thofe who fliall this Year 1671. Tranfport themfelves and
Servants thither, w3LS
allow every Man a hundred Acres p^r Head, for himfelf, his Wife,
Children and Ser!"-'
Servants, he carries thither, to him and his Heirs for ever, paying
onely one Peny
an Acre, as a Chicf-Rent j which Peny an Acre is not to be paid thefe
nineteen yearsj
and thofe Servants who go along thither with their Mafters, iliall each
alfo have
a hundred Acres upon the fame Terms, when he is out of his Time. But
though
thefe Conditions arc very advantageous, and the Countrey promifes to the
Planter
Health, Plenty and Riches at a cheap Rate, yet there is one thing that
makes this
Plantation more valuable than all thefe^ and that is the fecure
polfe/Tion of ail thefe
' . - ihinss,:

mm

The Model
drawn up by

2ia ^ME'KICA Chap. 11.

things with as great certainty as the ftate of humane Affairs, and the
tranfient thing's of this Life are
capable of, in a well continu'd Form of Government, wherein it is made
every Man's fntereft to preferve the Rights of his Neighbor with his own 5 and thofe who have the
greateft Power, have it limited to the Service of the Countrey, the Good and Welfare whereof whileft
they preferve and pro=
motCj they cannot mifs of their own, the Lords Proprietors having no

other aim, than to be the

greatefl- Men in a Countrey where every one may be happy if it be not
his own fault, it being ajraoft
as uncomfortable, and much more unfafe, to be Lord over, than Companion
of a miferabJe, unhappy, and difcontented Society of Men.
With this Defign the Lords-Proprietors, who are at great Charge for
carrying on this Plantation
have put the framing of a Government into the Hands of one, whofe Parts
and Experience in AfTairs
of State are univerfally agreed on, and who is by all Men allow'd to
know what is convenient for the
right ordering Men in Society, and fetling a Government upon fuch
Foundations, as may be equal,
fafejand lafting 5 and to this hath a Soul large enough to wifh well to
Mankind,and to defire,that all
the People where he hath to do might be happy. My Lord AJhl(ji
thereforejby the confent of his Brethren, the reft of the Lords Proprietors, hath drawn up, to their
general fatisfaftion, fome fundamental Conftitutions, which are fince, by their joynt approbation,
confirm'd to be the Model and
Form of Government in the Province of C4r(?/;<? 5 the main Defign and
Ballance thereof (according to the beft of my memory, having had a Copy thereof^ in Ihort is as
followeth :
i.T^Very County is to confift of forty fquarc Plots, each containing
twelve thoufand Acres. Of
th LoviA/h- C-J thefefquare Plots each of the Proprietors is to have
one, which is to be call'd a Signiory,
/^ forth- Eight more of thefe fquare Plots are to be divided amongft the
three NobJe-inen of that County, z^/s.
Government g Laftdgrave, who is to have four of them , and two Cajiques^
who are to have each of them two
of CMohna. g p- ^^g ^ ^^^ J j^g^g fquare Plots belonging to the
Nobility,'are to be call'd Baronies. The other twenty
four fquare Plots^ call'd Colomes^ are to be the PofFeliion of the
People ; And this Method is to be obferv'd m the Planting and Setting out of the whole Countrey s fo that
one Fifth of the Land is to be
in the Proprietors, one Fifth in the Nobility, and three Fifths in the
People,
2. The 6'/^tfr/e/ and ^i?r<?wej, that is, the hereditary Lands
belonging to the Proprietors and Nobility, are all entirely to defcend to their Heirs, with the Dignity,
without power of alienation, more
thanforthrceLiveSjOroneand twenty years, or two Thirds of their

Ky/^wwzVx and Baronies^ andthe

reft to be Demefne.
9. There will be alfo fome Mannors in the Colonies, but none lefs than
three thoufand Acres Id a
Piece, whichjlike the reft of the Colony Lands, will be alienable, onely
with this difTerence, that it
cannot be parcell'd out, but if fold., it muft be altogether.
4. There is to be a Biennial ParliaEaent, confifting of the eight
Proprietors, the Landgraves and
Cafiques^ and one out of every Prccinft, that is the fix neighboring
Colonies, for the People,
chofen by the Freeholders :j thefe are to fit and Vote a kogether for
the making of Laws, which fhall
be in force no longer than fix^y years after their Enadl-inc:, the great
mifchief of moft Governments,
by which not onely the Peopls are mightily entangled by multiplicity of
Rules and Penalties, and
thereby laid open to the Malice and Defigns of troublefom Men and
cunning Projedors 5 but, which
is far worfe, the whole frame of the Government in trad of time comes to
be remov'd from its original Foundation, and thereby becomes more weak and tottering.
5. There are eight fupream Courts for the difpatch of all publick
Affairs 5 the firfl confifts of the
Palatine^ who is the eldeft of the Proprietors, and hath power to call
Parliaments, and difpofe of
publick Offices. The other feven fupream Courts are, 1, The chief
Juftices for the determining of
Controveiiies oi Mur4 and !;, and judging of Criminal, s. The
Chancellors, for pafling of Charters, and managing the State Matters of the Province. 5. The HighConftables, for Military Affairs.
4. The Admirals^ for Maritime Affairs. 5. The High-Stewards,forTrade.
6.TheTreafurers, for the
publick Stocky and 7.TheChambcrlainsjforCerenaornes,Fafhions,Marriages,
Burials, ^r. Thefe
are the feven fupream Courts, to whom lies the ultimate Appeal in all
Caufcs belonging to them.
Each of thefe Courts confifts of one Proprietor, and fix other
Councellors, whereof two are chofen
by the Nobility^ and two by the People. All the number of thefe eight
Courts joyn'd together make
the Grand Council, which are in the nature of a Council of State, and
are entrufted with the management of Affairs of greateftcoricernment. There is alio in every
County a Couit, andinevery
Precinft another ^ from the Precinft Court there lies an Appeal to the
County Court, and from the
County Court to the Proprietors Court, to which the Maitter in queftion
belongs, and there is the
laftdecifion and determination thereof, without any farther Appeal.
Andto keep the Peoplefrom
the Charges and vexation of long Suits, to the enriching of Men cunning
in Words, care is taken,

that no Caufe ftiall be Try'd more than once in anyone Court, and that
profefs'd Pleaders for
Money fhall not be allow'd.
Liberty <?/ Co/ir;ffe is here alfo allow'd in the greateft latitude,
butyetfo, that neither Atheifts,
or Men of iio Religion, are permitted 5 Atheifm, Irreligion, and vicious
Lives being condemn 'd,
as difagreeable to humane Nature, inconfiftent with Government and
Societies, and deftruftive to all
thatisufeful to, or becoming of Mankind ^ as on the other hand, rigorous
Impofing of, and hot
Contentions about the Ceremonies and Circumftances of Religion, is an
occafion of perpetual Strife,
Faction and Divilion, keeps Men from fedate and temperate Enquiries
after Truth, eats out the great
, Cement of humane Converfation, Charity^ and cannot be found in any
one, who hath but modefty
enough to think himfelf lefs than a r<?/je,and ihort o( Infalhhjlity,
There is alfo to be a Regifter of all Grants and Conveyances of Land, to
prevent eVen the occafions of Controverfies and Law-Suits.
There are feveral other lefs confiderable Particulars in this
Government, all contriv'd and defign'd for the good and welfare of the People 5 all which are fo well
put together, and in fuch equal
proportion ballance each other, that fome judicious Men who have feen
it,fay, it is the beft and faireft
Frame, for the well-being of thofe who fhall live under it, of any they
have feen or read of.
CHAP.

immemm

'V

vwS ^->

K II-

"A\. ,

sciiiwi',':

'-ersffiascjas^.. ....:;;..;;rMciai-

.toauawd

mm

MB

iituiiticn and
cun4s.

Bonces Expedition.

Water to
make old
People look

ycung.
Ipediuon to
Florida.

le

le-

id

^S

. a
n

of

'~aE

til

^ a I t-^^mfty- *TB .

l!

n,i'

il

Ihap. III.

^ M E X.! C A.

213

CHAP. III.
/ ,
Florida,
i"
SOiith-Weft of VtrginiaMtth, the fpacious Countrey of Florida,
remarkable hi*
therto rather by the great pains which the Spaniards have taken, and the
ill
SuccefTes they have met with in the difcovery and fearch of this
Province
han by any thing elfe they have difcover'd in it anfwerable to their
dclires. On the
Laft it hath the Atlantick Ocean, or Mare del ]\[prdt j on the South,
and South- Weft
he Gulph o( Mexico and Mare Virginium ; and full Weft, part of New
Gallicia and
bme other Countreys, not yet perfe(5tly known.
This Countrey isalfo one of thofe, faid to have been firft of all
difcover'd by
lir Sehafiian Cahot, at the Charges of the King o( England , about the
Year 1497. but
fterwards more throughly fearch'd into by John Tonce de Leon, a
Spaniard, who in
he Year 1512. fet Sail with three Ships out of the Haven St. German in
^orto ^Sjco
"}orth= Weft to the Ifles D^/ r^io, Caycos, Yaguna, Amaguyao, Manegua,
and Guanahaniy
itft difcover'd by Qhrijlopher Colonus,a.nd call'd St, Salvador : After
that Steer'd NorthJC^eftby a Coaftj which (becaufe of itspleafantprofped) was call'd
Florida^ or fae-

;ording to \.\y^ more common Opinion) becaufe it was on falm^Sunday,

which the
\paniards call fafcha. de Flores, or Tafcha Florida) that he Landed here
: And to
Ind out a Haven he kept fight of the Shore^ which appeared South-Weft
from
lim. Here the Ships met with fo ftrong a Tide, that notwithftanding they
had a
irefli Gale of Wind, yet could they not ftem it ; one of the Ships was
driven to Sea
)Ut of fight ; the other two cafting Anchor, which raking, drovetoward
the Shore .
vhither, being beckned by the Indians, they immediately went ^ when no
fooner
le Landed, but they ran in great Companies to make themielves Mafters of
the
/"eflels, kill'd one Spa}iiard,2nd wounded two more : the Night
approachino-put an
nd to the Fight. From hence Sailing to the River La Crmx for Wood and
Water,
hey were reliftcd by fixty Natives, which they put to flight with their
Guns and
ook one Prifoner ; after which they erefted a Stone Crofs, The
Promontory, by
vhich glides the ftrong Current, lies in twenty Degrees North-Laticude,
and call'd
:ahde(jrrientes, as the Row of Ifles, before the Main Land Lox Mir(>m,
becaufe
he Cliffs at a diftance appear like Men ftanding on Poles. Laftly, after
fome fmall
Encounters with the Floridansj "Powc^ returned home, beinor onely
inform'd falfly by
he Indians, that in Florida was a River, and on the Ifle Bimi?ii a
Fountain whofe
Jf^aters^made old People young.
But after this F/oriJ^ remained not unvifited ; for eight years after
the foremenion d Voyage, Lucas Fafque^de Aylom weighed Anchor with two Ships from
Hij'pa-^
liola, to fetch Slaves from the adjacent Ides for the Gold-Mines, which
Labor the
^latives were not able to perform : therefore fteering his Courfe
Northwardly, he
lail'd along the Coaft of Chicoa and Gmldape, by them call'd Caho de St.
Helena, and
iio Jordan, where the Natives look'd upon the Ships as Sea^Monfters, and
feeing
bearded Men in them, ftcd : the Spaniards purfuing them, overtook one
Man and a
Womm ; who being well Entertained, and Clad in Spanijl? Habits, made the
Stran
;ers fo acceptable to their Coiintrey-men, that their King fent fifty
Men Aboard of
hem with Provifions, and to invite the Sea-men to his Doininions. the
King fat

, _ ^^ - , - with

Situation and
Ecun4s.

Bonce's Expe^
dition.

Water to
make old
People look
ycung.
Vdfquex^s E sf edition to
Floridti,

ZI4-

^ M E %l C A,

Chap. Ill

Habit of a
Floridan

Treachery of
Vafquez.

Indians mifufed.

Vafquez de-

feated by the
Iltridans,

Ziiirvatz bis
Expedition.

with a great Cloth about him, made faft on his Shoulders, covering hi<?
BcHy,
Bread and Back with the Lappet thereof, and being long, was held wp by
one of
his Servants j over one of his Shoulders hung a String of Pearl that
came three
times about, and reached down to his Thighs ; on his Head he wore a Cap
full of
Ribbondsj his Arms and Legs were alfofurrounded with a double Chain of
Pearl j
in his right Hand he held a very rich Staff : But the Queen went almoft
naked,
onely a piece of a wild Beafts Skin hung down before her from her left
Shoulder
to her mid-Leg, and a double String of Pearl about her Neck hung down
between
her Breads, and her Hair Comb'd behind reach'd down to the Calves of her
Legs ;
about her Wrifts and Ancles hung alfo Strings of Pearl.
On the King's Command, the Spaniards were permitted to make infpe(5tion
into
the Countrey, in which they were every where courteoufly Entertain'd,
and not
without Gold and Silver Prefents. Returning Aboard, J^af^^ne ;^'m\it.cd
the Indians
to go with him, under pretence of returning them thanks for the Favours
which
they had beftowed upon him ; but no fooner had he gotten a confiderable
number
in his Ships, but he fet Sail, and lofing one Ship, arrivM with the
other fafe at
Hifpaniola wkh 2. hvj Indians J for moft of them with grief and hunger
died at Sea,
and thofe that remain'd alive, liv'd on dead Carrion.
Some few years after, Vafque:^ receiving Letters Patent from the Coutt
of Spain
for the Government of Florida, fitted out a Ship thither in 1620. which
brought a
good Return of Gold, Silver, and Pearls ; whereupon he himfelf went not
long after, and coming into the K'iyqt Jordan y loft one of his Ships, which
prov'd not the
word Accident j for Landing two hundred Men, they were all of them
cither flain
or wounded by the Inhabitants j fo that yafqHe;<^ was forc'd to found a

Retreat :
And after that the Spaniards were Icfs willingly drawn to that Coaft,
and the rather,
becaufe the Inhabitants feem'd poor, and had little Gold but what they
procur'd
from the Otapales and Olugatono' s , fixty Leagues Northward up in the
Countrey.
Notwithdandingthefe unfuccefsful Expeditions, Tamphilii^ X^arvae:^
retain'd fo
much Courage, that obtaining Letters Patents from the Emperor Charles
the Fifth,
he

Iftlitiirin-iimiMii

'^15'

Chap. HI. A M E %^I C A.

he ficted out four Sail and a Brigantine, weigh'd Anchor from Cuha, with
fix hundred Men and eighty Horfe, in the Year 1528. On Hon^i^ he Landed' three
hundred Foot and forty two Horfej they found many empty Huts, but in a
great Houfe ^^
a golden Bell hid amongft the Nets, Chefls full of Merchandife, and in
each a dead
Body covered with BeaftSkins,and painted; Piecesof Linnen Cloth.and
Wedges of
Gold, which they had from the remote Countrey Jpalache. l^dryae:^^,
though againft
the Opinion of Nun?ie:^ Cabeca, march'd up into the Countrey, whilft the
Fleet was
to ftand along the Shore, and travelling fifteen days faw neither Houfe
nor Man^^
onely here and there fome Ww/Vo-Trees ; Crofling a River on Floats, they
were
Encountred by two hundred of the Natives j of which the Spaniards,
having routed
them, took fix Prifonep; who furnifli'd them plentifully with Indian
Wheat. After this they march'd fifteen days farther, without difcerning the leaft
foot.ftep of a
"Man ; but at laft they met an Indian Lord with a confiderable Train,
before whom
march'd feveral Pipers ; being told by NarVae^ that his Journey was
foxjpalache,
he conduced the Spaniards with a Canoo over a River, and Landing again,
walk'd

with them to his Village, where he Entertained them with great civility.
TS^anae^
after a long and troublefom Journey, came at laft in fi^ht o Jpalache,
a Village
which contained two hundred and forty Straw Houfes, built between the
Moun=
tains on a Moorifh Soyl, full of Nut, Pine, and Savine-Trees, Oaks,
Laurel, and
fhort falmito's, befides the Trees, which blown down in feveral places
by a ftrong
Wind from between the Hills, and lying crofs, cumber the High-ways :
There are
many deep Pools, and alfo Bears, Lyons, and other ravenous Creatures,
which
make the Ways very dangerous. ]>(anae^ falling fiiddcnly on the Village,
took the
Caftque Prifoner, as alfo ftore of Wheat, Mortars to pound it, Hides,
and Thredrpun Cloaks. Here he refted twenty five days, during which time fome of
his
Men Journey'd farther into the Countrey, yet found none but poor People,
troublefom Ways, and an unfruitful Soyl ; twice they were fet upon by
the Natives, who kiird fome of the Horfes and Men : They being a very ftrong
People
runftark naked, and as fwift as a Deer, Diving under Water from the
Spaniards
Bullets ; which not a little amazing NarVae^i, he thought it convenient
to fet upon
the Yilhge Jute, lying on the Shore : Nine days he was in a miferable
condition He is iu^
before he got any Wheat, Peaf^or other Provifions from this Village .
the getting S?/ ""'
whereof coft him very dear, for the Villagers behav'd themfelves fo
valiantly,
that they killed many Spaniards, and fome of their Horfes, which fincc
they left the
Haven of St. Cruce had traveled two hundred and eighty Leagues 5 fo that
being
tir'd and out of heart, they could not carry the Sick and Wounded, who
not able
to go, fell down dead in the Way : whereupon it was judg d convenient to
make
five Barques, in which they made their Shirts fervefor Sails, the Horfes
Tails and
Mayns for Ropes, their Skins to hold frefli Water . with which putting
out to Sea,
they faw no Land in feven days ; and running through the Straights of 5^
Mi^uell,
Steer'd along the Coaft of (2(/o del (palmes ; where they fuffer'd great
Drought, info-,
muchthatfomedrinkingfalt Water, died thereof: at laft Landing, they were
itl
the Night fet upon by a Cafique, who having given Isiaryae^ a great
Wound in the
Face,fled, leaving behind him a Sable Cloak, fcented with Amber ; three
days the/

rang d again along the Sea-fhore, when the Barque of Kunne^ Cabeca being
behind,
was by Storm driven on the Shore, where a hundred M/dW5 waited to cut
them olF, I'''
but were pacifi'd with fome Trifles: Thus being bereav'd of Arms,
Provifion, "'
and all manner of NeceflTaries, they found themfelves on an Ifle, by the
Inhabitants
call'd Malhado, where they were lodgd and maintain'd fo long as they had
f^J^^^^
anything left 5 but Famine grew at laft to fuch a heighth, that they
devour^
Z.' ^" ' one

great ewrS^

Stnndei,

n3?nt at Ma!hsfdf.

:r;**'^^^

zi6

Sottus\ Ex[>eduijn veiy

remarkable.

Strange dealing of the Cof.iiblquiaus.

A Maid Governs the

Countrey.

Great Treafute of
Pearls.

Great Tcmpcrt.

Sottus'i fat'
ther Journey
very remarksble.

The City
MaviHa.

A M E%^I C A Chap. III.

one another, and in a fliort time of eighty Men there remain'd onely
four alive, Vt^,
lSlunne;^Caheca,CaJlii!oyOrantes^ zndEJleVankOj who at laft by Land
reach'd to New
Gallicia, and loon after to Mexico, having efcap'd a thoufand Dangers.
Of Tam^hilus
Nary ae:?:^ never ^^y tydings being heard, it is fuppos'd he wasdrown'd.
After this miferablc Adventure, the Bufinefs of Florida lay dead for
eleven years,
till Ferdinandm Sottm, chofen Governor of Cuha^ obtained fo much of the
Emperor
Charles the Fifth, that he ventured one Expedition more for Florida :
Bcfides Seamen he carried five hundred Foot, and three hundred and fity Horfe j
with which
Landing in the Bay Del Efpirito Santo^hc march'd againft the
CafiqueFi>^cttc^o,whom
he took Prifoner, with a thoufand of the Natives, whom he either put to
the
Sword, or caus'd them to be torn in pieces by Dogs ; and ftaying all the
Winter in
Jpalachejfonifi'd that place, and furnifh'd himfelf with Provifions ; he
was informed,
that thirteen days Journey from thence lay the Kingdom o Cofachiquij
abounding
with Gold, Silver, and Pearls, which made every one of the Spaniards
very defirous to go thither, notwithftanding the Way was very dangerous j for the
valiant Florida?Js \yin^ in Ambufcade in the Corn*Fields, wounded and kill'd

many of
them by Shooting from thence. Sottm, fo foon as March approached, fet
forward on
his Way. In the poor Province of Achalaqui he found a few young People,
and the
old moft of them blind. From Cofachiqui he was foUow'd by four thoufand
Natives,
who carried the Spaniards Luggage, and ferv'd them as Guides through
Woods
and WildernefTes. The feventh day they ftopp'd at a great River, whither
Sottus
fent four Companies to feek out a Paflage over, whereof three return'd
without
any effect, but the fourth, Commanded by Captain Jnnajioj and a Colonel
of a
thoufand Cofachiquians ^c^rne to a Village built along the Riverain
which they made a
a miferable Rout, killing all they lighted on, and hanging the Sculls of
the Dead by
their fides : this done, they march'd back. Sottiu at laft efpying a
Village on the
other fide of the River, beckned to the Natives to come over to him;
whereupon
a^ came immediately ; whounderftanding that hedefir'd their friendly
Afliftancc
and Trade, promised to acquaint their Governefs, being a young Maiden :
who
foon after came over to Sottus, and prefented him with a String of Pearl
: he com*
plain'd to her for Provifions, v^hich fhe promised in part to ftore him
with. Cro(^
fing the River he found a brave Countrey, where were Pearls as big as
gray Peafe,
Copper of a golden colour, but no Gold. Out of the Tombs of their
Princes the
Spanijh Officers, with the leave of the fore^^mention^d Maid their
Governefs, got an
incredible Treafure in Pearls. In the Village Tolomeco they did the
like. But here
their Provifions growing fcarcc, the Army was divided into two Bodies,
'Balthafar
de Galleass \eadir\g one, and Sottus the other ; yet the Defign of them
both was on
the Province ofChalaque j whither marching, they were furpris'd byfuch a
violent
Storm, that few would have been left to relate their Adventures, had not
the Trees
bore it off from them ; for it notoncly Thundred and Lightned as if
Heaven and
Earth would have met, but alfo Hail-ftoncs fell down as big as Eggs,
which beat
down the Boughs of Trees. In the pleafant Valley Xualu, belonging to the
Kingdom o^ Cofachiqui, they refted fifteen days, and then march'd through
Countreysof
GuaxakyAcoftes, and Q>:<^^ where above a thoufand Indians, adorn'd with
Plumes of

Feathers and rich Furr Cloaks, came to meet and welcom them, and to
defirc them
from the Qajique to ftay there all the Winter -but Sottus refblving to
go to the Haven
Jchujt, refus'd the fame. After this he view'd Taltjfe, fortifi'd with
woodden and
earthen Bulwarks j where the Cafique Tafcalufa, a Man as big again as an
ordinary
Spaniard, received Sottus with great civility, and conduced him to
Mayilla, lying in
a pleafant place. The City, furroundcd with double Pallifado's, fill'd
up with
Earth

^**^*^^"'"^'^' "

Chap. III. A M E'RI C A. x!7

Earth between, (wLeie alio at eighey Paces diflant from one another,
flands a
Tower to contain eighty Soldiers) hath two Gates, eighty Houfcs, in
every one of
which dwell a thoufand Men, and a large Market-place in the middlewhere
whilil the Spaniards were in the midft of their Mirth, they on a
fodden'heard a
greatcryof Arms ; the firft Aflault was made by feven thoufand, whidh
Hill increafed by frefh Supplies . but the Spaniards at laR- fetting the City
on fire, broke Cxud Fi.h...
through them, and left above eleven thoufand flain, either by the Smoak
and
Flame, or by their Bullets, Swords, Horfes Heels and Dogs j the
Spaniards alfo loft
eighty three Men and forty three Horfes. Thence going to Chicora they
were ftopc
by the Natives before a deep River with high Banks, which at laft
croffing, not
without great trouble and blood-fiiedding, they Wintered in the Village
cLora,
where the Inhabitants let them reil very quietly for two Moneths ^ at
"the end of
which, joyning together in the Night, they fhot Fire into the Strlw
Roofs, and
mainrain'd a Fight of two hours long, in which the Spaniards loll forty
Men, fifty
Horfes, and all their Hogs, which were burnt in the Houfes. From thence

groin? to
Chicacolla they were refilled in mofl places, and in the Fort Jlibamo
EngagM %f four
thouland Floridans, who waited for their coming j but thofe were fo
(lirewdly handled, that half of them were llain, and Soffwf became Mailer of the Fort,
as alfo of
Chifca, which he Storm'd and took unawares. With no lefs trouble and
danger did
he get over the River /GrW^, where hedifcover'd a Village that
contained" above
four hundred Houfes,and many delightful FruitTrees. TheCafique
Cafquin,m&'mtain'd the Spamfi Army fix days in this place, and taking five thoufand
of his Subjeds, raarchM with them to fyaha, which hath a deep and broad Moat on
three
fides thereof ; the fourth was fortified with fiirong Pallifado's,
through which the
Spaniards breaking, made way for Cafyuin, who put all to the Sword, the
Governor
onely efcaping in a Camo to a neighboring Ifle. The Entrance being thus
taken by
the Spaniards, Cafquin returned home. After which Sottm concluded a
Peace with
Capahaes the Governor, and took up his Quarters in the Village Fitan^ue,
where he
receiv'd continual Sallies, but taking fifteen 0/?^e5 Prifoners,
threatned to barn
them alive, unlefs they would procure them fome Gold yet not being
able to gee
any,they had only their Hands cut off and were fent Away. Moreover,5om^
help'd
the Guachacoyas, to ruine thofe ofMilco . which Defign proved
fuccefsful, yet not ac^
cordmg to 5o^^/0'^ defire, for he found not the Gold.Mines which he
cxpcded, buc fpent m this five years Progrefs the great Treafure which he took out
ofjtibaltbas
Palace and the Pearls which he got in Florida, for the Oyllers being
ODen'd againft
the Fire, and the Pearls drilled through with a hot Iron, loll much of
their lullre,
neither would his People confent to build a City in the Haven Jchufu- In
the midft s.:usii^
of thefe Tranfadions Sottus died of the Bloody.flux, and his Body was
Interred in
the River El Grande, After which his SuccelTor Ludovicus de Aharadoha^d
worfe fuccefs, for half of the Army being wafted by the exceffive heat, the reft
refolv'd
to dcCtn Florida, utterly defpairing to be ever able to refift the
valiant Natives. In
the Province of Juche they procured a Guide,whom,becaufe he mis4ed them
in their
Way, they caused to be torn in pieces by their Dogs : after which they

marched
Without a Guide through fuch bad Ways, that they loft a hundred of their
Men and
eighty Horfes, befides many Floridansth^t carried their Luggage : At
laft coming
to the River El Grande they conquered two Villages j which fortifying,
they took
up their Wmter Quarters in them. But this being the fourteenth year, in
v^hich
the River usM generally to overflow and drown all the adjacent Countreys
on a
iudden, to their great amazement, the Wood which they had gather'd for
the build.
mg ot Barques to carry them home, was waOVd away, their Provifions
fpoii'd,
- , ' ^ i . a _ . and ^

zi8

A M E "R^I C J.

Chap. Ill,

Srrange

Expedition of
jthumadu and
Sitmans.

The Expedition of Mt-

Voyage of;
K.ihati and
LuttioHUre.

The Expedition of Dsmi-

nicus Gttrgins.

Valiant Exploit of Gurgius.

City AagHftine.

X
1
I
1
1
i
1
i
1

Conftitmion
of the r/eri
dans.

and cheir Habitations drcwn'd : and to this Inconvenience was added

another yet
areater. for the Governors round about raisM all the Forces they could
pofTibly,
m revenue themfelves on the S^anlanh for their great oppreiTion. But
Jharado
beina informM of this Defign by the Cafique Amlco, causM thirty of the
Abettors of the Plot to have their Hands cut off. Not long after this the
Spaniards fee
Sail when a thoufand Cairns that came to Engage them lay fixteen days
amongft
them, killing and wounding feveral of the Seamen, and funk a Barque with
forty
eight Men, a^nd alfo kiUM many Horfes which were yet on the Shore the

Prifoners
they took were ftrappado'd to death, and the Horfes fhot : yet fome of
them got
fafe from ^anuco to Mexico.
Thefe above-mention'd Expeditions to VlorUa, notwithftanding they fell
out
unfortunately, neverthelefsby the permifTion of ^^ the Second, King of
Spam,
feter Jhumada zndjuli^ Samano, with five Vominkan Monks, made another
Attempt,
and Landed with feveral great Croffes, that thereby they might reduce
the Bori^
dans, whofe Language they undefftood not, to their Faith : But they
fearmg trea.
chery, refifted them, and kiU'd the Monks with Clubs, fla/d them, and
hung their
Skins in their Temples. i c /?
Notwithftanding thefe and many worfe Accidents thathapned, yet the
Spamlh
King ventur'd once more, ^nd Cent Teter Uenende:^ to Florida ^^ whither
he was folio w'd by three Jefuits from (I(oine, viz. ^eter Marttnim, Joan %^r, and
Francis Vtllarenm : The Mafter of the Ship in which they went being ignorant where he
was,
luda'd it convenient to Land ; whereupon nine Xietherlanders and four
Spaniards,
amongft which w^sMartmius, went afhore on Florida, whilft a Storm arihng
drove
the Ship to Cuba by which means thofe that were Landed were left in a
miferable
condition, having no Food but wild Herbs, on which they fed twelve
days : fo that
this Expedition alfo came to nothing.
At laft the French following the foot=fteps of the Spaniards, John
%jhald and (^ene
Laudomcre having Sailed feveral times to Florida, difcover'd feveral
Coafts 5 but their
Men were often fet upon by the Spamards,^nd cut off.
Jnnoi'^67. Dommic5Gr^i5fetSail thither with three Ships, which
carried two
hundred Soldiers and eighty Sa^men ; with which entring the River
Tacatncouru he
Landed, and found a Youth call'd Teter du S/t, who efcap d when the
Spaniards cruelly maffacred the French in the Garrifon Q-rolina ; after which du ^re
ranging up
and down, at laft ferv'd Saturiona, Governor o^ Florida whomdeferting,
and now
meeting with the French his Countrey.men, he brought feveral Cafiques to
joyn with

them againft the Spaniards, whom they drove out of three Forts, which
were all by
the Command of Gurgms difmanteled.
Florida is caird by the Natives, Ir^uafa. The Spaniards have built two
Forts on
the fame, the one ere^ed on the Promontory Helena, is Confecrated to the
Apoltle
Matthei.. The City and the Fort Anguftine lies near the River x\%. Both
City and
Fort ftand on a Hill, which is pleafant and well fet with Trees. Between
the Fore^
land is a deep and wide Channel,which waflies the City ..nd Fort it is
eight-fquare,
at each corner there ftands a round Tower, in which the Soldiers keep
Guard 5 the
Countrey is waterM by two Rivers, which gliding between the Mam and the
i^or.land are great Safeguards to the Fort. The City is almoft fquare, onely
againlt the
Fort it is much clofer built than in any other place, and divided into
four Streets.
The Church ftands without of the City, and before it the Augnpne
Cloyfter.
The Inhabitants of Florida are an Olive colour, tall, and without any
dclormity. their Skins generally painted, and their Bodies naked, onely a
Deer's Skin
about their middle, their Hair long and black, hanging down to their
Hams, bm

iiiiiiiai

.4'

Z: r'^'
=,

'--_
-^:
~

'-ss ^^*^^^i'

^^mmim

ZI^

Their firange
Gonfulta^
tion.

Their Tboi
in time of
Wat.
L,

t Their Priefis
are Sorcerers,

Strange aftions.

! I

mm

Chap III.

mn

AMERICA.

219

moft of them tie it in a Knot on the top of their Heads ; two fmall
Boards cover their Breafts, and fix lefTer hang on their Arms, two Bells at each
Ear, and a
Cap on their Head, with a Feather : Their Quivers, which are always full
of Arrows, fliarpned with Filli Bones, hang by their Sides ; In their leftHand they hold
a great Bowe, with which they go to War;, the King walking before with a
Club.
They Confult daily about warlike Affairs in the King's Palace, where he
himfelf
fits on a high Seat j the Grandees falute him firft with their Hands
lifted over their
Head, crying Ha, He^ Ya, at which the reft cry Ha, Ha j then every one
fits down
on a Stool round about the Room. If they have any Bufinefs of
Confequence to
debate, then the King fends for the ancienteft Perfons and Priefts,
call'd Ja-npas
this done, they give a Cup oi QaJ^'me (which is a hot Drink made of
Herbs) to the
King 5 after which every one drinks in order out of the fame Cup. This
Liquor

occafions Sweat, quenches Thirft,and fatisfies the Appetite for twenty

four hours.
When they March againft their Enemies they live on Indian Wheat , Honey,
fmoak'd Fifli, and divers forts of wild Roots, araongft which they mix
Sand, and
Cinders, to preferve them the longer. No fooner are the two Armies come
within
fight one of another, but the Kings of both Parties roll their Eyes
about in their
Heads, mutter fomething to themfelves, and makeftrange Geftures and
Exclamations ; which is anfwer*d by a general Cry of the whole Army : then each
King turning himfelf with great Reverence to the Sun, takes a woodden Platter
with Water,
which he throws over his Army fo far as he is able, and begs of the Sun
to grant
him, that he may fpill his Enemies Blood in like manner ; then throws
another
Difh=full into the Fire, wifliingthat his Soldiers may thus Offer the
Bodies of their
Foes to the Flames j then ftep forth the Priefts, who are always skilled
in the Art
of Necromancy, and feating themfelves on a Shield in the midft of the
Army,
draw a Circle, in which they make many ftrange Geftures, not without
mutterincr
to themfelves, and feemingly fay a Prayer of a quarter of an hour long ;
during
which they deport themfelves fo ftrangely, that they rather feem to be
Devils themfelves^ than Charmers of the Devil : .They turn their Eyes quite rotind,
and their
Bodies

Their flrange
Confuka'j
tion.

Their Food
in time of
Wai:.

Their Friefls
are Sorcerers,

Strange anions.

220

Cruelty on
tne conquEr a

Remarkable
Mourning
for the Dead,

lUriians differ amongft

themfelvei.

Hermophro*
ditcs.

Their manner
of taking
Crocodiles.

'Aialfo their
peer. ,

AMERICA. Chap, in.

Bodies as if without Joynts j at length being wearied they leap out of
the Circle,
and inform the King of the nunciber and condition of the Enemies Army.
Thofe
whom they take Prifoners they flay alive, and drying their Skins at the
Fire,tie them
to long Poles, and carry them home as Trophies of their Victory, and
afterwards
fee them up in fome Field or fpacious place^, putting both Men and Women
to
watch them then comes the Prieft with a woodden Image, and utters
Execrations
againfl the flain Enemies j at a corner of the Fields kneel three Men,

one of which
ftriking with great force on a Stone, gives as many Blows as the Prieft
pronounces
Curfes, whilft the other two fliake their Calabajhs fillM with
Stones,and Sing many
ftrange Songs : No fooner is this ended, but the Women whofe Husbands
are flain
in the Battel, walking to the King, cover their Faces with their Hands,
make many
ftrange Geftures^and deflre liberty to take what revenge they can,and
licence alfo to
Marry at the limited time ; all w^hich the King permitting, they return
thus comforted home crying. Not long after they go to the place where their
Husbands lie
buried, where they crop their Hair up to their Ears, and throw it on the
Grave, as
alfo the Arms and Drinking-Cups which the Deceafed us'd in their
lifetime ; after
which they may not Marry before their Hair be grown again to their
Shoulders.
The fame Cuftomis alfo obferv'd when their King is buried but then
alfo all his
Subjeds Faft and Howl three days together, fl:ick his Grave full of
Arrows, and
burn his Houfs and all his Goods.
The F/oriidy differ amongft themfelves very much, for thofe that
inhabit the
Province ^anuca^ which borders upon "Rew Spain^ arc valiant and cruel
People,
Offering^their Prifoners to their Idols,and eating them. The Men pluck
up the Hair
of their Beards by the Root, make holes through their Nofc and Ears, and
Marry
not till their fortieth Year. i
Next to thefe follow the Realms of A^w^m and Jlbardaofia^mhohitcd by a
People, which exceed all others in fubtilty.
The Natives oijacim^^ta run fafter than a Deer, and tire not though they
travel
a whole day.
The beft Swimmers are found in Alpachia^ Juthia, and Someria, where the
Wo-^
men Swim through deep and great Rivers with their Children in their
Arms. Here
alfo are many Hermophrodites, which carry all the Luggage when an Army
is
upon a March. '
We find mention'd alfo two other Provinces of note, "vi;^. Cola^ (which
lies near
the Point call'd Cape Florida) and Tegifia^ or Florida properly fo
call'd, being that long

feninfula, which pointing upon the Ifle Cuba, by the Cape Los Martyres,
ftretcheth it
fclf North and South about a hundred Leagues in length, but not above
thirty in
breadth where it is largefl:. In this Province is the %io de lo
SpiritoSanto. The Soyl,though it produces I?2^id Wheat twice a year, yet it is never Dung'd,
but when
the Corn (which is planted mliarch znd 'June) is in, they burn the Weeds
; the
Aflbes of which ferves them in Head of Soil. The King divides the Corn
accor*
ding to every Mans Family. In the Winter they dwell four Moneths in the
Woods, where they build fmallHurs of Palm-boughs, feed on Venifon,
fmoak'd
Fifli, and Crocodiles, which have pure white Flefli, and are caught
after this manner: On the Shore of the Rivers they h'^M little Houfes full of round
Holes, in
which they place a Watch, who is to v; notice to ten or twelve
Aflociates, covered all over with Boughs full of little ihacp Prickles, which they
thruft into the
Crocodiles Throat, who with open Mouth comes running at them, and fo
throw'in? him on his Back, flick his Bell^ fiil' of Arrows, and kill him with
Clubs. But
with more fubtilty and art they take their Deerj yi^. They hide
therafelves under

mam

%%l

tkriiatis I
though Jibi"
dinous, yet
live long.

Chap. III. A M E R 1 C A
a Stags Skin, Co cunningly/ chat it feems as if living, which they place
near the
Rivers where the Deer generally come to drink, when on a fudden they
fiioot
them.
Their Priefts ferve in ftead of Chirurgeons, wherefore they always carry
a

Bag full of Herbs about with them;, which are chiefly good againft
venereal Diftempers -, for thefe People are exceeding libidinous ; nay. Sodomy and
defiling of
young Children is accounted no fin : Yet though they are much inclined
to Women, they attain to a great Age.
^ne Laudo?tiere Landing not far from the City Jugujline, fituate on the
Banks of
the River May, met with the Floridan Govevnor Saturionaj who condu<5i:ed
him to the
Fre?ich King's Court of Arms, erei^ed two years before, which Saturiona,
as a teftimony of his zeal to the French, had CrownM with Laurel and Flowers.
Saturionn
had with him alfo his Son Morem, who had begotten divers Children on his
Mother J whom his Father after that time no more acknowledging, refignM
her up
wholly to him : At which time alfo his great Grandfather being then
living, wa$
above a hundred and fifty years old^ and faw his Childrens Children to
the fifth
Generation.
The Religion in Florida, is abominable, wicked, and cruel : When they
return Their homc^
Conquerors from a Battel, the old Women take off the dry'd Hair from the
''^'**"' ^
Fore-mention'd Poles, hold it aloft, and thank the Sun for their
Victory. But the
Offerings of their firfl-born Sons are terrible, for they knock out
their Brains with
I Club in the prefence of the King. Their annual worfliipping of the Sun
is alfo
irery ridiculous j for filling the Skin of a Stag full of fweet*fmelling
Herbs, they
bang the Horns and Neck with Garlands, and carry it with the noife of
their kind
3f Vocal and Inftrumental Mufick, to a high Trunk or hollow Body of a
Tree, on
which they place the flufPd Stag, with his Head towards tlie Sun ; which
done, they
Falling down, defire that he would pleafe to afford them plenty of all
fiich Fruit as
[hey Offer to him ; after which taking their leave, they let the foremention'd Skin
remain there till the following Year.
ThtSj^anmds fince their Defeat in the Fort Carolina, and their
Engagement with
Sir Francis Drahy Jnno 1585. have had little difturbanceon Florida.
Drake having burnt and plundered Domingo 2LadCarthagenaj fteer'd along
the Coafl Drake's exs
oC Florida, and difcover'd a Beacon on the fame * whereupon he fent out

Spies, who w,
faird a League up a River, on whofe Banks they faw a Fort, and fomewhat
higher
the Town Augufline, built full of woodden Houfes ; all which being
related to
him, he fteer'd thicher, fir'd his Guns twice againfl the Fort St,
John ; which the
Spaniards anfwering onely with one Volley, fled, with their Commander
feUr Me^
unde^ J when the Englijh prepared to Storm, a Prifoner, being a Frec/>man, came in
1 Boat from them to Drake, and informed him that the Spaniards had left
the City
dugufiine and Fort St, John 5 to which Drake going, found there
Pallifado's of pleited
Boughs, cover'd with Earth, and a Cheft with two thoufand Pound, for the
payment of the Soldiers, and fourteen Brafs Guns, with which he fet Sail
from thence.
The Mountains of this Countrey are onely the Jpalatei, fuppos'd by the
Na*
tives to have rich Mines of Gold in them, and which the Spaniards faw,
but had
not time, nor other accommodation to flay and fearch them, by reafon
they were
fo much wearied and wafted with a long March before they gat thither,
and found
:he People fo ftout and obftinate thereabouts, that in ftead of
entertaining them
with their Hens and Fowl, as other places had done, they were welcom'd
with
Slows, and made to return, leaving not a few of their beft Soldiers
behind.
Rivers there are many, and thofe very large and commodious, as i,
<^oSicco,
or

IIZ

AMERICA, Chap, ill

or TJhDo ^Ver, fo call'dby the Spaniards (as feme think) becaufe they
could fine
no Gold in it. i.^B^o Grande, ot The Great ^tVer* 7,. Ligeris, 4.
Garunna. 5. Sequam
Crc, Thefe laft, fo nam'd by the French^ who, after the Spaniards, for
Tome tinne had
but never held any long poffeflion of the Countrey. There are alfo (^0

de Bores
^odeNieyes, a,nd (^jo de Spirtto Santo, leffer Streams, yet all of them,
with the reft
falling at feveral places into the great Lake of Me:cico j and fome of
them not a littli
haunted by the Caymans ox Wefi-lndtan Crocodiles, a Creature, as hath
been faid be
fore, dangerous both at Sea and Land.
The Natives, who as yet hold Poffefllon and Command of it for the moft
part
are themfelves generally forted into certain Tribes or great Families j
all which an
Govern'd feverally by Chiefs of their own, whom they call faracoufi, and
by rea
fon thereof are almoft continually in Feud and War one with another.
TheTowns and Places moft known in this Province, are 1. St. Helen
Sy^es^tcd 01
or near unto a Promontory of the fame Name, where this Countrey
bordereth or
Virginia, 2. Fort Charles, or Arx Carolina, built and fo nam'd by the
French King, bu;
afterwards ruin'd by the Spaniards. 3. fort (I{pyal, a well frequented
Haven, at thi
Mouth of a River which beareth the fame Name. More within Land there is
I. Apalache, an old Town of the Natives, formerly a Place of great
rcfort, but novi
a poor thing of about forty or fifty Cottages j and yet as poor as it
is, famphiliu
^iarVae:^, as before related, when he fearch'd the Countrey, found the
Native
not willing to part with it : for though he took it from them, it was
not without
fome refiftance, and they quickly recovered it again : and at the 2.
nam'd Jute, an
other old Town of theirs, nine days March from the other, they overtook
him, an(
fellfo refolutely upon him, that he left not a few of his beft Soldiers
dead upon tL
place, and was content.himfelf to march quietly away with the reft. 3.
Ochalis, j
Town confifting of about five or fix hundred Sheds and Cottages likewife
of thj
Natives. 4. Vittacuche, a Burrough of two hundred Houfes.
. There is alfo on the the Eaftern Shore of this (peninfula, St,
Matthews, a Place pof
fefs'd and well fortifi'd by the Spaniards ; and St, Auguflines on the
fan. Shore, bu
lying fomewhat more Southerly than the other, at the Mouth of a Liver of
th
fame Name, taken and fack'd by Sir Francis 'Drake in the Year 1585,

s E c T. n.
Jucatan.
JUcatan is a feninfula, or halfJfland, being encompafsM with the Sea on
all fides
fave oncly to the South^Weft, where it is joyn'd to Guaxata, its farther
an(
more Eafterly Point looking towards Cuba. The knowledge of, when, an(
by whom this Province was difcover'd, is included in that of N^k' Spain,
of whicl
fome will have it to be a part. The whole Province contains in compafs
nine hun
dredMiles or more, and lies between eighteen and twenty two Degrees of
Nor
them Latitude, or thereabouts, the Air fomewhat hot, and the Soil not
altogethe
fo fertile as fome other parts of Neu' Spain are j but in recompence
thereof th
People are fo much the more induftrious, living for the moft part by
Handicraf
Trades. Neither is it altogether unftor'd with Corn and divers forts of
Fruits,bc
Tides what it hath of Fowl and Beafts, as Geefe, Hens, Deer, <src,
particularly!
yieldeth plenty of Wax and Honey, by reafon of its frequent Swarms of
Bee:
They report fome fpecial things of this Province, as namely, tjiat the
People of th
Countrey us'd generally, and long before the Spaniards came thither, a
certam O
remon

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3hap. III.

^ M E%^I C A.

cmony of Religion, not much unlike to our Baptifm, and which they caird
by
I Name that in their Language fignifi'd %^m-^f/o>z, or ^SecomU^irtJ?.
that they
)brerv'd it Co diligently, that few or none amongft them omitted to
initiate themelves by it, believing, that thereby the Seeds and Ground- work of all
Goodnefs
vas laid in them, and that they were fortifi'd by it againft the
aiTaults and temptaions of evil Spirits ; that after they were three or four years old,
till they came to

welve, they ufually thus Wafli'd and Baptiz'd themfelves ; and that none
were
,ermitted amongft them to Marry, that were not firft initiated after
this manner ;
hat they chofelikewife a folemn Day upon whic^htodo this ; and that
theFriendl
,nd Relations (efpecially the Father and Mother) of the Parties to be
initiated, as
veil as theParties themfelves, always Fafted three days before the faid
Initiation ;
,nd that a great many of the Natives had a Tradition, or general Report
amongft
hem, that of ancienttime this Province oCJucatan was poffefs'd and
cultivated by
, certain People which came thither from the Eaft, after a tedious long
wandering, and many hardfliips endur'd at Sea, having efcap d the Hands of
their Enenies onely through the power of the Deity they worfhipp'd j who help'd
them,
,nd made them to pafs fecurely, even through the Waves of the Sea. All
which, if
rue, feems not a little to confirm, the Report which goeth for currant
in the Weljh
Zhvomc\cs,o( one Madoc ap Oipen, the Son of Gwm/?, a Prince of that
Countrey,
vho is faid to have fall'n upon a far Countrey this way in his Travels ;
which he
ik'dfo well, that having fecur'd to his Companions their fafe abode
there during
lis abfence, he returned himfelf into Wales for more Men j and that he
tranfported
hither as many as he could carry in ten Barques full fraught.This he is
faid to have
lone about the Year of our Lord 1170. but neither he nor any of his Men
were
ver heard of fmce j and the fucccfs of the Expedition, it feems, little
enquir'd after
y the fTe//^. However, the Relation feems not altogether incredible.
;^he chiefTowns of the Province are, i. cMerida, in theNavel of the
Countrey,
nd the Seat of the Governor, twelve Leagues diftant from the Sea on
either fide!
,. Valladolidt, thirty Leagues diftant from Nerida, ^,Campede, a great
Town, con[fting of about three thoufand Houfes or more, when firft conquered by
the Spanirds ; who found fuch Monuments of Art and Induftry in it, as did clearly
argue,
hat the Place had been once poffefsM by fome People that were not
barbarous. It
> now call'd St, Francifco, and was furpriz'd in the Year 1596. by
Captain Tarker^
n EngUJh-aiin, who took the Governor himfelf and fome other Perfons of
Quality
7kh him, together with a Ship richly laden with Gold and Silver, befides
other

Commodities of good value. 4. Tabafco, by the Spaniard now calFd rUla de

Nueftra
mnora de ViHoria, and commonly V'lHoria onely, in memory, as 'tis
thought, of the
rft great Vidory which Corte:^ obtained over thefe People at the Battel
of Totonchan,
s hath been faid. ^. Cintla, 6,fotonchan, 7. Salamanca. '
All along the Coaft of this Countrey there lie certain lOands, fome
within the
>ay or Gulph call'd Honduras, pertaining to the next Province, as 1. La
Zar:^a.
. La Vefconefcida. 3. Vermela, 4. Los Negrillos j and fome without it,
^si. Zaratan.
. (Pantoia, 3. De Mugeres, or The IJland of Women Co nam'd by the
Sf^aniards, who at
leir firft Difcovery of thefe Parts, for a long time together could meet
with none
ut Women. The chief of them is callM Jcufanul, commonly Co;^amul, and is
fifteen
,eagues in length, and about five in breadth, and was as it were the
Thoro.wfare,
c Common Road of the Spaniards, when they firft difcover^ the Countreys
of
let^ Spain : For firft here Landed Ferdinando de Corduha 5 after him
John de Grtalva,
id others; and laft of all the fortunate Cor^^;^. It is now call'd 5f.
Cr^x.

2Z3

CHAP.

^I M E "KI C J.

Chap. IV

Its, {Situation
and Bounds.

Trees and
Plants.

Birdb

C H A P. IV.
Guatimala.
Udtimala flretcheth to the IHlmiuSj or Neck of Land, which, as we faid,
join
eth the Northern and Southern parts of the New World together.
This Coimtrey is bounded Northward with the Teninfula o^ Jucata
abovefaid, and part of theGulph or Bay oi Honduras j on the South, with
Mire d\
Zur ; on the Eaft and South-Ea{l,it hath Cajlella Jurea ; and oh the
Weft, New Svai?
The length of it lieth upon]the Coaft o^Mare del Zur, and is faid to be
little lefs tha:
three hundred Leagues j but the breadth not half fo much, and in fome
places ver
narrow. It is generally a fertile and good Countrey in all refpedts, but
efpcciall
abounding in Cattel and good Paftures j it is fubdivided into feven
inferior Pre
vinces or Countreys, which are i, Chiapa, z.Ferapa:^, -^.Honduras,
j{NicaragUi
'y.Veragua, 6, Qofia^ca-^ and 7. Guatimala, fpecially fo call'd : all
differing i
Language and Cufloms one from another.
The Biflioprick (as it is now call'd) of Qhiapa is bordered on the Weft
with N^'
Spain- on the Eaft with F^r^ "P^;^ ; and on the South with Mare del Zur.
It is
Countrey much fhaded with Woods, and thofe replenifh'd with many fair an
goodly Trees, of divers forts, and of the largeft fize,as Oaks, Pines,
Cedar, Myrti
and Cyprefs^-Trees, befides others which yield them a good kind of
Rozen, precioi
Gums, Crc. alfofeveral forts of Balfom, as white, red, green, and black,
not one)
pleafant to the Scent, but an excellent Remedy for all manner of green
Wounds

the beft of it drops out of the cut Bodies of the Trees 5 and the worft
is prefs'd 01
of the Wood and Leaves.
There are alfo proper to this Countrey feveral other kinds of Trees and
Plant
as that whofe Fruit taftes like Pepper and Cloves, being of a great
heighth 5
Tree whofe Leaves cure all ulcerated Sores, or the bitings of any
poyfonoi
Beaft.
There is a fort of Cabbage call'd llantas, which grows to the heighth of
aTre
fo that Birds make their Nefts in them j they are eaten likewife like
other con
mon Cabbages.
There is alfo an Herb with narrow Leaves, which is no fooner touch'd,
but
fhrinks up to nothing j but at the going away of thofe which touch it,
it obtaii
its former vigour.
Here are likewife Quails, Ducks, GtQ^Q^ Pheafants, Parrots, TurtleDoves, P
geons, and the like, in great abundance.
Amongft the feveral forts of Falcons which breed in this Countrey, there
is or
fort which hath one Foot proper to its kind, the other like that of a
Goofe^ it fee(
on Fifli along the Rivers.
The Bird Joto-Que^tall, which is fomewhat fmaller than a Pigeon, with
gre(
Feathers and a long Tail, is taken onely for its Tail, which when the
Indiayis hv
puird out, they let the Bird fly again, there being a Law amongft them,
that wh(
foever kills one of them, is to fuffer death.
The Cranes here are of a dark Gray j the biggeft of them have a tuft of
Fe
thers like a Crown upon their Heads.
TJ

I'R i

;hap. IV.

^ M E %^l C A.

Z25

Birds^

The Birds Gmcamayts^ which ^rc red and blue, are like a Termn Goofe
Moreover, the Countrey yields brave Horfes, Goats, Sheep, Rabbets, and
Foxes ; ^ft'
alfo wild Dogs, Leopards, Lyons, and Tygers.
The wild Hogs which breed here have their Navels on their Backs, and
have
no Tails, they fmell exceeding ftrong, and feed together in great
Companies.
The Taquatrin, a certain Beaft proper to thofe Parts, hath a Bag under
its Belly,
in which it generally carries feven or more young ones, and hath alfo a
bald Tail ;
it creeps into Houfes in the Night to fteal Hens. '
Here is alfo a certain Beaft (whofe Name we find not) about the bignefs
of a
Rabbet, and like a Rat, and carries its young ones on its back
whenfbe're it comes
abroad.
The Serpents, which are very numerous here, trouble the Inhabitants
exceedingly, efpecially near the Village Ecate^ecjue^ where there are fuch an
abundance
on two little Hills, that none dares approach them ; fome of them are
very poyfonouSjfor if touch'd with a Stick, the Poyfon runs up the fame : and
whoever are
anointed with the Blood of a dead Serpent, die a lingring Death. John de
Laet relates, that the Indians took one which carried thirty young ones, which
being a
Finger long, crep up and down immediately ; and the old one, being above
twenty
Foot long, ferv'd the Natives for Venifon.
Amongft other ^Beafts is alfo the Tetithlacokauhquiy or Vortrefs of the

Serj^ents 5
it hath a Head like an Adder, thick Belly, glittering Scales, a black
Back, fprinkled
with white CroiTes ; at its Tail there grows yearly a Bone, with which
it makes a
noife when it ftirs j its poyfonous Teeth deftroy thofe which are bit
therewith in
twenty four Hours, unlefs the part which is wounded be held in the Earth
folong
till the pain be over. Notwithftanding the noife, terrible afpedt,and
geftures of this
Animal, the Indian Hunters make nothing to take the fame by the Tail,
and wrap
it up in Linnen, and carrying it home make it tame. It is able to live a
whole Year
without either Meat or Drink ; its Head when cut off grows to the
bignefs of a
Man's Thigh in ten days time.
, A a No

' ft

2%6

The Serpent
JquattMa.

Baboons.

Towni and
Villages cf
Note.

A M E "R^I C J. Chap. IV.

Ko le-fs refolute arc the Indians in taking ihtlbhohau, which is an Ell
long, of a

crimfon Colour, full of black and white Specks, the Bones whereof they
wear
about their Necks inftead of Chains.
The Iquanna is -Si Serpent which doth no manner of hurt, though terrible
to look
upon to thofe which kno^ it not, having a Bag under its Chin, a
glittering Comb
on itsHead, and on its 0$ fliarp Bones, which ftand like a Saw, and a
long Tail :
It lays fifty Eggs at a time as big as Acorns, of a very good tailc;,
and fit to eat when
boyTd : It alfo lives both in the Water and on the Land.
Here are alfo many Baboons, which are big and heavy, with ugly Heads,
(liorc
Legs like a Man, and Tails (landing upwards j they eat all forts of
Fruit, but
chiefly covet after Wine and Bread j and are fo lafcivious, that they
often fee
upon Women : The Females generally bring forth two, one Mile, and the
othec
Female. There is -alfo another fort, whole Skins, being red, are\ full
of little
Spots. ^%y. ,--'' ^ -_,.., :^ " .:*
The ancient Inhabitants of Gi^/J^ (divided into the ChiapanecaSj the
Ze^ues, the
Zeltates, and the Qmlenes) are very Civil and Witty ,alfo skilful in
Painting, Singing,
Breaking of Horfesj and many other Trades. The Places of more principal note in this Countrey, inhabited by the
Spaniards^
Site v. Qudad (^eal, pleafantly feated in the midfl of a rdund Vale or
Plain, and ab
raofl: encompafs'd with Hills reprefetiting the form of an Amphitheatre
j alfo ai
the Foot of one which ftands in the midfl of the rell, the City is
built. It is a Cit)
fpecially Priviledg'd by the Kingof S'^dm, having a Court of Juflice,
Cathedral,
and Vommcan Cloyller ; of a pure and temperate Air, and the Countrey
rounc
about plentifully abounding both in Corn and Fruit, onely fomewhat too
cold tc
produce Lemmons and Oranges j but for Pears, Apples, Peaches, Qiiinces,
Cher
ries, and the like, they grow here in great abundance.
1. Qnapa, which giveth Name to the Valley aforefaid ; It is a Bifhop's
See, anc
famous, if but for one of its Prelates, o;/;^. 'Bartholomeo delas Cafas,
of the Order o:
predicants, who was Bifhop of this City, and his Memory juflly precious
amongf

the poor Jmerkans at this day, for his Charity towards them, and for the
flout anc
zealous oppofition which he . made againfl the Spaniards cruel and
inhumane deal
ings with the Natives at the beginning of their Conquefls : by which at
lafl, not
withflanding much difficulty and refiflance made by interefled Perfons
of the othci
Side, he procur'd them liberty, and an Edid: from the Emperor in favor
of^them
whereby they were declared to be a Free People, and not Slaves, and the
Spaniard,
forbidden to ufe them any longer as fuch, or to force them to any kind
of Laboui
againft their wills, or otherwife than by agreement with them, which
Lib<:rty the)
enjoy to this day ; and though the Spaniards arefaid to give them very
fmall Wages
in fome places, and for their Work in their Sugar-Mills (which is no
fmall Labor^
not above Rwc^yals, or Two fliillings fix pence a Week, for the
Maintenance ol
themfelves, their Wives arid Children, yet by reafon it is with Confent,
and in. J
Coiirttrey whereall things are plentiful and cheap, their Condition is
much bettei
than it was, and the favor which that good Bifhop did them, never to be
forgotten,
It is at prcfent a great and populous City, and lieth almofl in the
midway betwi36<
the Cities o Mexico and Guatimala,
2. St, Bartholomews, in the Countrey of the Qu,elenes.
4. Tecpatlan, the chief of twenty five Villages, faid to belong to the
Zoques*
Here t\\t Dominicans have another Cloyftcr.'
The 2V/f^t^5 pofiefs a fruitful Countrey, have thirteen Villages planted
with
Trees that yield Cochenile, being under a Common-wealth Government.
The

Chap. IV; <iJ M E %^I C A.

Tne chief Pkce of the Quelcnes is (j)panaVat:^a, where there is good
Cheefe, and
[|;orc of brave Cattel : The River Qhie^a gliding through the midft
thereof.lofeth ic
"elfin the Northern Ocean. In this part of the Country are Beads not
unlike Apes,

mi\i long Tails, which they wind about the Legs of thofe whom they find
fwimning and To pull them under Water j wherefore they that go to Swim take
Axes
ilong with them, to cut off their Tails.
The Water of the River Blanco is clear and wholfom, running for the
mofl: pare
hrough Rocky Grounds, which neverthelefs are overfpread with Trees.
In the higheft Ground of C/?/^/?^, a League and a half from the Qity
%eaU, fpring
lear Fountains, whofe Water ebbs and Bows every fix hours.
Near the Village call'd Jfixa, is one which runs three years together,
though in
hedrieftSeafon, and is dry three years, though it Rain never fo much.
Kot far from the Village Cinacatan is another Spring, whofe Water cures
feveal SicknefleSjf but kills all Birds and Beafts which drink of the fame.
, Here are likewife divers Baths.
The Rivers which run out of the Valley Chiapa, fall into two great Pits,
^, Near the Village Bartholomew, in the Province Qudenes, is a ftrange
Cavern, out
>f which by the throwing of a ftone into the fame, are heard mighty
noifeslike
laps of Thunder.
Not far from the Village Chkomucolo, appears a Cavern, in which is a
great Plain
n one fide, and a Handing Lake, whofe Water is like Sand, on the other.
The Spaniards, if they wanted not Slaves, might dig good ftore of Gold,
Silver'
::opper. Lead, Tin, and Quickfilver, out of the Mynes on the Mountain
Ecatepeck,
vhich is in nine Leagues compafs : The Wind blows fo ftrong after
Sun=rifing,
hat no Man is able to travel for it, but in the Night,

IZJ

Sect. II.
Vera Paz

VEra fa:^, or The Qountrej of True feace, w^s Co nim' d by the

Spaniards, as they siruatJ^San.

fay, becaufe it was never conquered by the Sword, but reduced to Obedi^'""'^''
ence onely by the Preaching of the Dominican Fryers. It is bounded on
the
X^eft and South-Weft with Chiapa j on the Eaft with fome part of
Guatimala and
"-londura^ j and on the North with Jucatan. It contains about thirty
Leagues in
ength, and almoft as much in breadth, being a woody and mountainous
Countrey
or themoft part, yet well diftinguifli'd with Valleys and lower Ground.
It is
nuch fubjed to Rain, which 'tis faid to have for nine Moneths of the
Year almoft
continually J by reafon whereof the Countrey, being otherwife hot, is
much anloy'd with a kind oC Mo/quit, or great fort of Gnats, which fpoil the
Fruit very
nuch, and are otherwife not a little trouble to the People*
Moreover,there happen
oftentimes terrible Earthquakes and Storms, with Thunder and Lightning.
The chief Commodities of this Countrey, are a kind of Amber, which fome
call commocii.
liquid Amher, which drops from divers of their Trees, and is faid to be
a Commo- t^.
lity very precious, and of much ufe ; Maftick, Sanguis Draconis, Gum J?
iime, Sarfapa'ilia, Qma-Wood, and divers other Medicinal Drugs, which it affordeth in
great
)lenty. The Woods afford a fweet fmell, and the Trees in the fame grow a
won.
lerful heighth. The Canes which grow here, being a hundred Foot long, and proportionably

hick

ick, fcrve for Timber,

/x S;

here

HSiB^^

Z2-8

^ M E "KI C A.

Chap. IV.

B.-aas.

Medicinil
Plants.

Places of
note.

There is alfo a hard Wood call'd Iro -rooi.either from its hardnefs or
colour, oi
both, which never rots. ~ ^ i ti
The abundance of Flowers which grow here afford nutriment to mnumerable
fwarms of Bees, which are about the bignefs of fmall Flies. Their Honey,
which
is fomewhat tart, they hide in the Roots of Trees, or in the Earth.
Another fort,
which is made by the Wafps, bereaves thofe that tafte of their Senfes.
The noted'ft Beaft in this Countrey is the Vmta, which refembles a Mule,
hath
no Horns but Afli^colourM long Hair, fliort Neck, hanging Ears, thin
Legs, with
three Claws before and two behind, long Head, narrow Forehead, little
Eyes, a
Nofe hanging over its Mouth, little Tail, fharp Teeth, and a Skin which
is fix
Fingers thick, and fcarce penetrable by any Weapon. This Beaft is taken
in Traps,
Holes orelfe with Dogs, which he often kills when hunted towards the
Water,
TheyVay that this Beaft taught Men firft to Let-blood ; for if it be too
full ol
Blood, it pricks it felf againft a fliarp Cane, and ftops up the Orifice
again very

carefully. The Fiefb thereof is. good Meat, as alfo that of the (I^o/?Lyons, whicl:
in the day^time flecf on a high Tree, where they are (hot by the
Indians.
The Tygers are much more dangerous to be taken ; yet the Indians Hunting
them, eat them in ftead of Beef ; and alfo through all Hei, Spam,
The Bears, which make the Ways very dangerous to travel, have black
frizlcc
Hair, broad Tails, Feet like Mens Hands : but fince the Indians have
made ufe oi
Guns', which they learned from the Spaniards, they have much lefl'en'd
the numbei
both of Bears and Tygers,
There are likewife many Leopards, Apes,and wild Goats (whofc Skins ferve
th<
Natives for Drums) Hogs, and JnnadiUos.
Amongft their Fowls, are Eagles and Parrots.
The Countrey is fo well ftor'd with Water, that in three Leagues fpacc
art
above thirty Rivulets, and as many Fountains.
On the Mountains grow great quantities o( Sarfaparilla, Mechoacan, and
the China^
^oot, which being yellowifh hath feveral Saffron- coloured Knobs on the
top. Th(
Sarfapartlia grows with many Stalks, creeping along over the Ground
the Bod)
thereof is tough and full of Prickles, the Leaves broad and (harp at the
ends, anc
are of a bluiOi colour on one fide, and green on the other, and bear
Clufters ol
Flowers, which clofe like Buds, and are firft green, next vermilion-red,
and laftl)
blackiOi : within are two hard Stones, which inclofe a white Kernel, by
the Indt
ans caird Juapuanga, i r i l
The Bay Golfo Vuke, which pours its muddy Water into the Sea, feeds the
greai
Fifli Monati, and a great number of Crocodiles.
Several Rivers abounding with FiOi fall alfo into the fame, having their
Bank
fet all along with Trees, in whofe Boughs, joynd together on the top,
thofe for
of Birds make their Nefts which prey on Fifh.
The Women in this place are much fhorter LivM than the Men, fo that

therean
often thirty Widowers to one Widow. Women with Child are Delivered b]
themfelves in the High.way 5 and from thence they go to the next River
to wafi
themfelves and the Child. i i o
As for any Towns or Places of much Traffick or Note, inhabited by the
Spam
ards, we find not any nam'd, fave oncly St. Augufttms ; near unto which
there i
faid to be a Cave and Fountain within Ground, which converts the Water
that fal
lethintoit out of feveral leffer Springs, into a kind of Alabafter or
Stone, per
fealy white, and fafliions it likewife into Pillars, Statues, and other
artificial Form
of very curious Workmanfliip, as Uet reporteth.
^ ' Sect

mmmmm

Jiap.

A M EX^I C A.

2Xp

Sect. III.
Honduras.
Honduras hath on the South, Guatimala abovefaid j on the Well, a certain
Bay, situation and
or Arm of the Sea, which they call Golfo Duke, from the abundance of
frefli Waters which run into it from all Parts ; on the North and NorthEaft, the AtUntick Ocea?i ; and fomewhat to the South-Eall, ISIjcaragua,
It contains
in length, V/;^. from Eaft to Weft, Coafting along upon the Sea, about a
hundred
and fifty Leagues, and in breadth eighty. The Countrey is rich both in
Corn and

Pafturage, being faid to be very much advantag'd that way by the

conftant overflowings of the Rivers, which are very many, about Michaelma/?^timcj and
which
the People order fo well, that they water their Gardens, and exceedingly
fertilize'
the whole Champain, or lower part of the Grounds by them.
The fruitful Valleys of this Countrey were anciently very well
inhabited, till
vaft multitudes of the Natives were deftroy'd by the Spaniards
Cruelties, of which
the Bifliop (Bartholofneo de las Cafas, in his Letter to the Emperor
Charles the Fifth,
gives this Relation :
'' The young Children (faith he) they murder'd, beating out their Brains
againft Oueities of
" the Stones; the Kings and Princes of the Countrey they either fcorch'd
to death, tl^^"""'''
<' or threw them to the Dogs to be torn in pieces ,. the poor People
they drove in*' to their Houfes, and then fet them on fire thofe that remained were
condemn'd
" to the grcateft flavery imaginable, being us'd in ftead of Mules and
Horfes, and
" having greater Burdens laid upon them than they were able to carry,
infomuch
'^ that thoufands of them fell down dead under them ; fome out of
defpair run*
'' ning into the Woods were famifh'd, after they had kill'd and eat
their Wives and
" Children for Hunger. In this one Province onely they malTacred above
twenty
" hundred thoufand Men, and amongft others, Perfons of Quality, which
had ci" villy Entertained them : nay, they tortur'd the poor innocent Natives
all the
*^ ways they could poflibly invent, onely to know of them where their
Gold lay ;
" particularly Diego de Valafco fpar'd none that ever fell into his
hands ; infomuch
" that in a Monethstime above ten thoufand were flain by him : He hang'd
thir*^ teen Noblemen, to twelve of whom he gave the Denomination of The
twelve
'' Apoftks '^ andthechiefeftofthemhe cairdinaderifion, >/jany?. Some
they
" fufFer'd to ftarveto death, with their Heads comprefs'd between the
cloven Barks
'''of wild Vines j fome alfo they buried alive, and leaving onely their
Heads to
"' appear above Ground, bowl'd Iron Bullets at them, and forc'd them to
eat one
" another ; befides infinite other hellifli Cruelties, too horrid and
dreadful to be
,'^ recounted.

This Countrey produces much K?^, Wheat, Honey, and great Calahafies,
from c6mmo<3fty
whence thefirft Difcovercrs called that Sea Golfo de las Ihuera^,
becaufe they met with
abundance of CalahafyeSj floating on the Water, which at Santo Domingo
bear the
Name o^Ibueras. This Countrey is water'd by three Rivers, the firft Chamalucom, which
glides by
the City San/Pedro.^ the fecond U/v^, inhabited on both Shores the
third Haguaroj the Grounds adjacent to which would prove very fruitful, were the
Inhabit
tants not too lazy. In ftead of a Plough they ufe a long Pole, With two
crooked
Staves at the end, one bent downwards and the other upwards, with which
they
cut and turn the Earth, The Natives feed on feveral Roots, Flefli, and
Vermine.
A a |, Ai

of the CounS
tt6/.

^5^

J M E T^I C A

Chap. IV.

Dits.

Xt, tidrt.

Juan it JPirtt di Cavl'

Itt,

Ac their Feaft they make themfelves Drank wich a Drink made of Honey,
Koblc-men heretofore onely drinking the Liquor of (^rtc^o,. but of late
it is common, and made by all People, though never fo mean. They fpeak feveral
Languages, the chiefeft whereof is that o^ihtChontales^ a falvage People. They
divide their
Year, cairdJo<j/^r/ that is, faf^mg^ into eighteen Moneths, and each
Moneth into
twenty Days. They formerly meafur'd the Year by the Nights^, and began
the Year
forty days fooner than the Europeans*
The Towns in this Province are i. Kew VnUohlid ^hy the Indians
ruLtu'dComaya^tUj
lying in a pleafant Valley under a temperate Climate. The Cattel brought
hither
from Spain increafe exceedingly. The Silver^Mynes are alfo To well
ftor'd, that they
keep the Mehing-houfe in the Town always employed.
The Governor of this Place hath his Refidence next to the TreafuryChamber.
Jnno 1588. the BiOiop's See was tranflated hither from Truxillo :
Nineteen years
before which pyancifco de Monteio Cent his Lieutenant ^Iphonfo de
Cacenes thither ^ to
build a Village half way between the Southern and Northern Ocean ; who
accordingly eredled the Town Santa Maria de Camoyagua^ near a River Navigable
for (4twos, which difembogues in Tuerto de Ca'Vallos. The remaining part of
the Way to
the Haven Fon/eca being palTable for Carrs (which was a means to prevent
many
Inconveniences which us'd to happen to Travellers on the Way between
Manama and
Tsiomhre de Dios) the Spanip) King was fo much concern'd at the firft
propofal hereof,
that he fent the famous Surveyor (Baptijla Antonello thither, and the
rathf r, bccaufc
he received information, that, the new Way, along which they carried the
Merchandife from ^eru^ 'Mexico ^^.h^. other Countreys along the South Sea,

lay very pleafantly, by reafon of the brave Vineyards, CornoFields^ Fruit-Trces,

Pafturcs,
Streams abounding with Fifli, Herds of Deer, and Cony-Warrens ^ yet
AmonelU
meeting with many troubles, would not undertake the Buhnefs.
l^lew Vdlladolid is adorn'd with a great Church, a Cloyfler, belonging
to th<
Monks 'De h Merced^ and handfom Streets.
2. Thirty Leagues Weftward from this City lies another call'd Gratia^
aDios^ begun by Captain G^MW de ^yaSjAnno 1530. that fohe might be near the GoldMines ;
But becaufe the Natives kept the new Inhabitants in continual alarm, and
dail)
Storm'd theunfinifli'd Fortifications, (2^oj^ was nece/Ticated to leave
off building
any farther, the rather, becaufe none came to his affiftance from the
neighboring
Garrifon. qSix years after Gon:^aks de Aharado undertook this Work, and built the
City on a
Rocky Mountain J which, though otherwife barren, produc'd lufty Horfes
and
ftrong Mules.
5. San 'Pf'JrOjthough lying under a hot and unwholfom Climate,us'd
formerly tc
be a brave City of Trade ; but it is gone much to decay fince Golfo
Voice hath beer
difcover'd, becaufe from that Bay the Commodities are carried in Barques
up intc
the Countrey.
4. The Village Juan de fuerto deCayallos^ inhabited by Fadors and
Moors : It received that Denomination, becaufe not far from it feveral Horles were
forc'd to be
thrown over-board in a Storm. Though it be but ill fortifi'd, yet it
hath an exceeding large Haven. Captain C/;ny?o^/;^r 7\[ni7/)o?t arriving here y^?
zo 1591. found
two hundred Houfes, and in them a confiderable Booty left,
notwithftanding foui
Ships richly laden had lately fet Sail from thence.
Six years after Ne/^/7orf, Capt. /^/ir. Sherly retook the Place, and
leaving the Haver
open for Pyrats, Alphonfus Qoriado judg'd it convenient to remove the
I'rading Place
to Amatiquc j he built the Village Thowcu de (/T?'//^^, and fortifi'd
the fame againfl: al
manner of Aflaults. Behinc

i^iilMHM

" ^^ "

1
1

las^m

)rs upplace ,
Engr-

^'?:''?*,v.,_

mm

w^^

hap. IV.

A M.E RICA

251

Behind CdW/wlics the Valley Kaco, which is exceeding frnicful, bein^

(ituate
between high Mountains, where formerly was found plenty of Silver.
5. Eaftward from CaVallos appears the famous City Tntxilloj near a large
Bay. fe- 2'.^w*.
cur'd from all Storms by two Cliffs, full of Trees j the Mouth of the
Haven calTd
Joan Gilj is above two Leagues broad, and receives two Rivers, one from
each fide
of the City : The Stream Quaimarotte flows Eaflward, and the River
Antonio Weftward, both abounding in Fifli. The Countrey round about produces
abundance
of all forts of Provifions^ and chiefly abounds in Grapes, which are
gathered
twice a year: Eight days after y^^?^/ they cut their Vines, which
afford them ripe
Grapes again in OHober ; they have two Harvefts of Corn j alfo Lemons
and
Oranges arc very plentiful : The Cattel brought hither from Si^am are
exceedingJy increased to an incredible number.
Truxillo it felf lying on a fteep Mountain, is defended on that fide
which refpedts the Sea, with a thick Wall of fix Foot high j between which and
the Haven
are many brambly Buflies, which prevent the accefs to the Wall, onely a
narrow
and fteep way leading up to the City, which hath a ftrong Gate, guarded
with two
Brafs Guns, and fufficiently Fortifi'd to oppofe an Enemy. The Eaftern
Cliff
which bends before the Haven is call'd Tuntala %ye, on which ftands a
Houfe with
a high Beacon : Beyond the Wall Eaftward, near the Haven, is a Shipyard, before
which ftands a large Woodden Crofs : The Caftle in which the City Store
is
kept, joyns to the Wall, near unto which, within the Town appears St.
Francis
Church J but the Cathedral called E^lefia Major, is feen above all other
Buildings :
The Houfes cover'd with "P^/w/Vo-Leaves, have Walls of Pleitcd BuQies,

PlaifterM
Dver within and without : Behind the City, where it lies open, are
exceeding high
Mountains, .
Jnno 1576. the Encrlifh falling on this ftrong Place, carrvM a rich
Bootv from Attcmptsuphe ^ \ a ' J ] on this place ,
encejaher which, Capt. Jnth, Skr/y and Capt. Will, farker ventured once
more on ^y^^^^i:he lame, but being dilcover d by the Centinel, were forc'd to Retreat,
not without
I confiderable lofs : When not long after. Captain John Van Hoorn z
Hollander, zt>
rem.pting the fame, had much better fuccefs ; for he Weighing Anchor for
Ternam'mc , with four Frigats , three Ketches , and a Sloop , fet Sail to
Truxillo, where
irriving, lay clofe before the City with his four Frigats, which fired
very fiercely
)n the Town 5 the Inhabitants of which not being idle, kilTd three Men
in one
5hip, forced her to fall farther off from the Caftle : Whilft the
Ketches and Sloop
T^ent about a Gun (liot Weftward beyond the City, towards the River
Jntonio^
vhere they Landed two hundred and fifty Soldiers, which march'd with all
fpeed
ip the Hill, where the Caftle lay which they Scal'd at Noon^day ; the
Befieged
)eing provided with fevcn Guns, fhot, and threw Stones continually
amongft
hem, yet were forc'd to Retreat from the Dff/; Hand^granado's : Daring
the
lorm, the Admiral himfelf Landed, but before he came out of the Boat,
the forenention'd Soldiers haj made themfelves Mafters of the Fort, with the
lofs of oney eight Men, and were bufie Pillaging all places they came at, and
carrying their

rotten Booty to a Watch-houfe near the Caftle on the Shore,- when on a

fudden
Fire happened in the Eaft part o^Truxillo, which increas'd in fuch a
manner, that
n few hours two third parts of the City lay in Aflies ; every one then
had enough
o do to fave themfelves, yet for all the hafte they made, feveral
Hollanders were
-ill'd at the blowing up of the Magazine, and moft of the Booty loft by
the
'ire; infomuch that they carry'd but two hundred thirty nine Skins, fix
Bales of
ndi^o, eight hundred and twenty Pounds of Sarfaparilla, feven Brafs, and
three
ron Guns, four Clocks, and fome few trifles with them 5 havino- before
made an

igi'ee-

-*

if

Z3Z

Situjrioit and

Nature of the
I;ihabitants,

Citi ei.

AMERICA.

Chap. iV<

acrreement for twenty Pound of Silver, with the Governor JodJi de

Mirarida^'vjhc
infcrm'd them, that they had not the leaft knowledge of the Hollanders
fleet, till
the Evening-, when the Beacon on Tunta La^ye was firM : Moreover, that
the City was inhabited by two hundred Spaniar,dsj and as many more Mulatocs
and Moors'^
and that the Trade thereof was much gone to decay, becaufe there had
been no
Gallies there in two years before.
Twenty feven Leagues from this City lies the Village Jor^o de Olancho^
where
four thoufand Spaniards force Tribute from fixteen thoufand Indians ,
who poiTefs

much

Gold.

S E C T. I V.
Nicaragua.
Nicaragua is a County of this Province, borderM Northward with Hondunts
-^
on the Eaft, with the Jtlanttck Ocean, and part ofVera^ua j on the
South,
with Mare del Zur ; and on the Weft, with Guathnnla., being call'd by
Viegi
Lo^e^de Sal^^ado, The New kingdom of Leon, and comprizing feveral little
Territories, as Kicoyaj Nequecheri, Mabyth, Deria, Mafaya, Mandigua^
Qacoloaque, Cepeoco, Loi
Micos, Madiraj and the Contales. It hath few Rivers in it, the want

whereof is fupply'd by the benefit of a great Lake, in the midft of the Countrey,
call'd by the
Spaniards^ Laguna de Nicaragua , containing , as is fiippos'd , above
one hundred
Leagues in compafs. It empties it felf by the Port of St. Juan into the
Atlantick oi
North-Sea, but reacheth as far as the South or Mare del Zur, at leaft
within a very
few Leagues and from whence fome Spanijh Captains are faid to have
made a palfage, though with much difficulty, into the Lake, and from thence to the
NorthSea. It is abundantly well ftor'd with good Fifh, but withal much
haunted witli
Crocodiles . and the Countrey about it lo plentiful in all things,
cfpecially Cattel
Cotten-Wool, Sugars, and all kind of Fruits : Amongft which, the
chiefeft is th(
Zeiba, which is of fo great a thicknefs, that fifteen Men holding Hand
in Hand, car
fcarce encompafs the fame. The Callabapes ripen here in fourteen days
time : The
Sea along the Coaft, breeds Whales and oxher Sea-Monfters, which are
often fcen
above Water.
The Inhabitants of this Countrey, (except the Chontales, which live on
the
Mountains, and maintain their old Salvage Cuftoms) have for the moft
part
learnt the Spanip? Tongue and Manners, and exercife themfelves in all
forts oi
Arts and Siences, efpecially in Working of Silver, making of Clothes,
Wax- Work,
and the like : From the Mountains they gather Balfom, Liquid^Amber,
Turpen.
tine : They alfo drive a great Trade in Cotton, Skins, and feveral forts
of Provifions, to ^anama^ and Nombre de Vios,
The Lake Lagunade Nicaragua , which hath a hundred and feventeen Leagues
ir
Circumference, and round about inhabited, is by three Leagues of Land
leparated from the South-Sea j and difcharges its Waters into the River
Defaguadero.
which falls into the Northern Ocean. Alphonfm Qalera , and Diego Machuca
de Zuafo,
were the firft that Sail'd out of the foremention'd Lake into the Sea ,
not without
many dangers, by reafonofthe great Water.falls, cA\'^%ondaks, which fall
intc
the River Defagtiadero, and forcM them often times to draw their Barques
over th(
Land.

The chief City is, i. Leon, which is furrounded with Woods , and lies
cloie h)
the Lake hath a great Church, five Cloyfters belonging to thtUcnksj de
la Merccde
feveral Houfes for the Kina's Officers, and a hundred ^nd twenty thouUnd
Fami
he

ab

gnngamn

Chap. IV. z4 M E%^tC A.

lies o Indians which pay Tribute. Three Leagues beyond Leon appears a
high fpiry
Mountain, from whofe top, both Morning and Evening, rifes a mighty
fmoke^
and fometimes cafts out great fulphurous Stones over the neighboring
Fields, and
on a fudden mighty Flames. A Dominican Monk, in hopes to get fome melted
Gold
out of its burning Mouth, went up the fame with four of his Fraternity,
and
carry'd an Iron Chain and a Kettle, which were no fooncr let down into
the hole
but they were immediately meltedj yet notfo difcourag'd, they refolv'd
to venture
afecond time with ftronger Materials, which neverthelefs had the fame,
or rather
worfe event ; for the Fire flew out in fuch a manner, that the
Dominicans fadly
fcorch'd, had enough to do to efcape with Life, fmce which none durft
prefdme to
approach the fame.
But befides the Epifcopal City Leon, Ereded by Francifcus Fernandez, 2.
Granada
acknowledges the fame Builder, and lying alfo on the fliore olLaguna
deKtcaragua,
is adorn'd with a Caftle, Church, and feveral Sugar.Mills : Not far from
it li^
the fmall Lakes Mafaya and Lindiri ; the firft which is inclos'd between
exceeding
high Mountains, covers the Foot of the burning Mountain Mafaya ; the
other falls
into Lagunade Uicaragm, near which is the fmoky Mountain Munbachoj
furrounded
with Fruit-Trees. :o

3. O* 4. The Towns Jeany and Neuva SegoVta, which are not far from
thence, are
of little confequence. '
5. ^aleio, this is, as it were, the Chattam of America, being a place on
the SouthSea, where the King of Spain hath all his Ships built that are made of
American Timber, and inhabited by few or none but Shipwrights, Marineirs, and Men of
that
kind of Profeffion. t. i
6, O* y, 2^icoya, Avarines/
8. Cartage, forty Leagues diftant from N/Voy^, and lying almofl: in the
midft of
the Ifihmus, or Streight oiDarien, equally diftant both from the North
and South
Sea ; on both which it is faid likewife to have a convenient Port or
Haven for
Shipping.
The Spaniards, when firft they Landed here , call'd this Countrey
Mahomets Ta^
radife, becaufe of its exceeding Fruitfulnefs. The Cacao which they ufe
here in ftcad
of Money, is not unlike the Stone of an Almond. The Inhabitants, in
ftead of
ufing a Steel and Flint to ftrike Fire withal, rub two pieces of Wood
together fo
long, till one of them is kindled ; and burn the Boughs of Pine=Trees in
Head of
Candles. Amongft the feveral Languages which they fpeak, the Mexican is
the chief^ft : Amongft their Recreations , Dancing is principal , which is
performed af.
:er a very ftrange manner, for they meet fometimes two or three thoufand
toge:her, according to the bigncfs of the Province, in a fpacious Field,
which is made
:lean before for that purpofe : He that leads the Dance goes backward,
and with
nany ftrange Geftures, turns himfelf about, which the reft, following
four and four
:ogether in a row, imitate, whilft their Tamhores beat on hollow
Inftruments, and
ing Songs, which are firft anfwer'd by the Ring-leader of the Dance, and
then
cconded by the whole Company , each of them waving a Fan or a Callahap,
md being all adorn'd with Plumes of Feathers on their Heads, and Strings
with
Shells about their Arms and Legs j they alfo ad feveral antick Tricks ,
the one,
he blind Man, the other, the Cripple, one feigns himfelf to be deaf, the
other
nakes a wry Mouth, one cries, and another laughs, whileft others drink
healths

n Chocolate^ which continues till Midnight.

A King of this Countrey in former times us'd to feed the Fifh Manati
with Bread,
n the Lake Guainaho, where it would appear at its being call'd Matto,
Matto, which
fisnifies

235

Strange manner of Dancing.

The Fi<h
Mitnail,

23 +

tiA M E 'KI C A.

Chap. IV

1 I

fianifies i>lohle-mindedy and oftentimes carry eight or ten Boys on its

Back from cn(
fide of the Lake to the other j but being (hot by a Spaniard with an
Arrow, nevei
appeared again.
There is likewife a black Beafl: in this Countrey callM Cafcu,
refembling in fomi
things a Hog j it hath a hard Skin, little Eyes, open Ears^, cloven
Feet, fiiort Nofe
and makes fuch a terrible noife, that it affrights thofe which hear it.

No lefs ftrange and wonderful is the FoxApe, which hath two Bellies one
unde
another j in the lowermoft of which it carries its Young, which are
never brough
into the World till they are able to (hifc for their own Food. It hath
the Body of ;
Fox, Feet like a Man's Hands, and Ears like a Batt.
Ic will not be amifs before we conclude with this Province, to give you
a Rela
tion of the Difcourfe which hapned y^wwo 1527. between the Spa?iipj
Commande
Francifco de Monteio and the Nicaraguan Cafique Alijuimtex, who being a
hundred an(
ten years old, told him, "That before the S'^j^w/V^j arrival there,
great number
*' of his Soldiers perifti'd after a ftrange manner 5 for after having
vomited abun
" dance of Worms, they fell down dead on a fudden : thofe that efcap'd
the Con
*^ tagion differing amongft themfelves, made two Parties, which twice
Engagini
*' with one another, each of them loft above a hundred and fifty
thoufand Men
*' Yet both thefe Plagues were no ways to be compared to the Slaughter
which th
^^ Spaniards hzd msidc SLvnong^ them.
About the fame time an /td/w, call'dHieronymo^o?i;^o, Lodging with a
T^/Wd
^4 Nobleman that undcrftood the Spdwi/^ Tongue, was thus fct upon by
him
What da not {Oh Chrift) the Chriftians do ! they no fooner get their
Foot into an Indian'
Hut, hut they commandingly call for Mai:^^ Honey, Winter ^Clothes, Gold^
Silver, and a Woma
to cool their lufiful defires : Certainly there is nothing more vicious
on Earth, To whic!
Bon;^o gave him this Anfwer : The wicked Spaniards commit oftentimes
unfeemly thing
The Indian again fuddenly, retorted, faying, Where are any fuch Men to
he found as goo
Spaniards ? I have never known any but wicked Villains. To which So;2;^o
faid, Wh
have you made place for them on Nicaragua ? Which was thus reply'd to by
the Noble
man : "All People round about took Oath on the firft News of the
Qhriflians ai
" rival, to hazard all, and fight to the laft Man, before they would be
under th
" infupportable Yoke, with which they had heard other Countreys were
opprefs'i
'^ with by them. To which purpofe they made ready Bowes, Arrows, Lances
^' Stones, Clubs, and other Weapons of War : But when it came to the
trial, th
*^ Spanijh Horfe, of which they had never feen the like, ftruck fuch a

terror into th
*' Indians^ that they fled;, and fent two Agents to Monteio to defire
Peace but thei
'^ Defign was onely togain time, that they might gather new Forces, to
ventur
^^ a fecond Encounter ; which prov'd as fatal to them as the firft. Then
defirin
'* Peace once more, they gathered all that were able to bear Arms, and
fworeon
''^ to another not to ftir a Foot 5 and withal made a Law, That
whofoever di
*' fhrink fhould be kill'd immediately : But the Women being informed
hereof
'^ begg'd that they might rather fuffer under the Spanifh Yoke, than be
torn in piece
*' by their Dogs, orkill'd by their Bullets and Swords, alledging, that
they wer
*' not able to refift the Spaniards and entreated them, that if they
were refolv'c
" to go on with their firft Defign , they would firft fend their Wives
and Chil
"dren to the other World, that fo they might not fall into the hands of
the merci
*^lefs and \Aoody Chriftiayis : Whereupon moft Voices judg'd it
convenient t(
** make ufe of the Opportunity, and to fubmit to Monteio, But his cruel
deal
'^ ings made fome to contradid that Determination , for which they pai
** dearly j for not onely they, but their little Infants^ were put to
the mcft crue
' Death

IMHIM

h^P'' IV. AMERICA, Z35

Deaths imaginable j which made many of them alfo to lay violent hands on
themfelves.
S E c T. V.

Coil

arica.

f^^Oflarica borders on the Eaft with Veragua j on the South and Eaft,
with the Bounds and.
Sea J and on the North, with Nicaragua, The Countrey it felf is barren
CcStef/'''
and mountainous j whofe Inhabitants were valiant enough to Encounter
ith the Spa?iijh Forces, being unwilling to lofe their former
Priviledges,
This Coaft was difcover'd firft by Chrijlopher Columbus, who Jn?io 1502.
Sailing
> the Rivers ^elen and Feragua with Barques, took much Gold out of the
Mynes
'ira, but chiefly from between the Roots^jf Trees which were grown
together.
Sect. VI'
Veragua.
[ T Era^ua is bounded on the Weft with Cojlarica 5 on the Eaft it hath
the Diftrid, ^""'^^
L/ or Countrey of fanama, being otherwife wafli'd on all fides by the
Sea. Ic ^^^ Qo^k
hath its Name from a River of great note in this Tra(^, by which it was
firft
fcover'd. The Countrey is for the moft part mountainous, and the Soil
out
irdly barren,but recompencing all defe(5ts with the abundance of its
more inward
ealth, that is to fay, in the richnefs cif its Mynes, of which it is
faid to afford
my, and fo inexhauftibly rich and good, that the Spaniards here know no
end of
dr Wealth j although by the ftoutnefs and untameablenefs of the Natives,
it
is a long time, and they met with many difficulties,before they could
make them*
ves Mafters of theTreafure, ^
The chief Towns they have here are i. La Conception, lying at the Mouxh
of a Ku ^-^l^^^f
r fo nam'd, and the Seat of the Governor.
2. La Trinidady upon the Banks of the fame River likewife, but down
towards
rt 'BelenOj and about fix Leagues Eaft ward o^ Conception.
3* St, Foy, twelve Leagues more to the South, where the Spaniards melt
their
Did, and eaft it into Bars or Ingots.
4. Carlos^ a Town they have upon the Coaft of Mare del Zur.
5. fhilippina, another on the Weft of Carlos ; both of thefe feated upon
a large
pacious Bay ; before which there lie certain little Iflands^ to the
number of

irty or more,which the Spaniards are laid to have wholly dilpeopled long
fince,by
rcing the Natives over into the Continent to work in the Mynes, as
ufually they
d before the Emperor's Prohibition : but now they ufe Slaves or Negro's^
which
ley buy for that purpofe from Giwee and other Parts,
Sect. VII.

Guatimala^ properly fo caird.

f
Country."

f^ Uatimala, fpecially fo caU'd, hath on the Weft the River Xtcalapa,

which di- f^^f^vides it from Verafa:^-, on the Eaft it is bounded with the Countrey of
Nicaragua ^ on the North, with Honduras y and on the South, with Mare
IZur,
. . This

^^

- - '"'

Ml* m

23 d

^ M E "K I C A

Chap, n

'' ii

Towns of
note.

This Countrey was conquer'dby Teter de Jharado, Anno 1515.It is, by

rcafon ofi
neighborhood with Fera 'P^;^,not altogether clear of Mountains, but
otherwife wc
water'd with Rivers, and enrich'd with fair and fruitful Valleys, which
afford n
onely good Pafturage, and many great Herds of Cattel, but like wife good
fiore
Wheat, K^i;^, and other Fruits of the Earth. Great plenty of CottonWool is genera
ly both here and in the other Provinces, Vi:^* Vera "P^;^, Chiapa, &cc,
fome Medicin
Woods likewife, and Liquors, and abfolutely the beft Sulphur in America,
The Pe
pie are generally tractable and well difpos'd^ both in point of Religion
^nd cii
Government.
The Towns of chief note are \,Guatimalayn6V7 call'd Sf. y^^o de
Guatimala fincet
re-building thereof j for about the Year 1586. it was alraofl buried in
Afhes,whi
one of the neighboring Mountains, for the fpace of fix Moneths together,
con
nually belch'd out in fuch fearful quantities, that many People were
flai
the old City deferted, and a new one built in another place. The day
before tl
fad Accident hapned, the neighboring Mountains were obferv'd to fhiver,
anc
great noife was heard from under Ground which amazing the Indians^ the
ne^
thereof was carried to the Bifhop, Fraitcijcm Moro^uin, who narrowly
enquirii
into the Caufes of thefe Accidents, and what they might portend, found
tl
a fad Event would fuddenly follow, as accordingly it did 5 for about m;
night on the eighth of Juguji, Anno 1541. fuch a mighty ftore of Rain
fell, as
the Clouds had been all diifolv'd into Water, which came rowling from t
Rocky Mountains with fuch violence, that it wafli'd down great Stones,
whi
carried on by the flrength of the Water againfl: the Houfes, beat them
down a
none could have feen how they were ruin'd, had not the mighty flaflies
of Ligl

ning, followed by terrible claps of Thunder, lighted the Night. Some

inftam
deferting this miferable place, fled up into the Countrey, and there
built a ni
Guatimala (as above-mention'd) fur-nam'd St. Jago^ three Leagues farther
towai
the Eaft, in a Valley through which flow two Rivers, between two
Vulcans^
fmoaking Mountains, which fometimes vomit forth terrible Flames, mix'd
wi
dreadful Thunder^claps, Afhes, and great Stones, infomuch that the
Ground
about it, which is exceeding fruitful, feems to move. There are many of
thi
Vukans'm feveral parts of America, as namely at Arequipa in the Kingdom
of (Pe,
at fuehla delos Jngelos, in the Province ofTlafcalla abovefaid, a
Mountain of fo gn
heighth, that they are fain to go little lefs than thirty Leagues
turning and win
before they can reach the top of it, and others in feveral other places.
They are
nerally Mountains of great heighth, and running (harp upwards, but at
the t
containing fome quantity of plain and level Ground j in themidft whereof
is a I
or Hole, out of which abundance of Smoak and fiery Sparkles are vomited
aim*
continually, and fo deep, that they are fuppos'd for the moft part to
reach to t
very bottom of the Mountain. Some of thefe Vulcatis caft forth neither
Fire n
Smoak, yet are clearly feen to burn at the bottom with a quick Fire, and
which
fo extreamly hot, that it inftantly melteth Iron, or any other Metal
that is cafl: in
it, as by experience hath been found : for fome conceiving that the
Matter whi
maintains thefe Fires within the Bowels of the Earth Co long together,
can be n
thing elfe but melted Gold, have endeavored feveral times to extrad and
draw
forth in certain Veflels of Iron and Brafs, which they have caus'd
tobeletdov
into the bottom of the Vulcan or Pit, by long Iron Chains made on
purpofc : bi
as wefaid, the extream heat and force of the Fire below always melted
them bcfc
they could be drawn up again, and by that means hath rendred all fuch
Attemj
frufl:rate. In this Town, now call'd St. Jago^ refide above fix hundred
Spmip Coi
mande

4.

mm

^ M E %^I C A .
nanders, and move than cwe^ty five choufand Indians which pay Tribute.
They
,ave alio a brave Church and two Cloyfters, one belonging to the
'Dominicans, and
nothertothe Order L.j Af^mJ , and likewife a noble^Holpital. Not far
from
hence is a place call'd J^aleos^ where there are Orchards of 'cacaa two
Leagues in
quare , each of them producing yearly as much as fifty thoufand Men are
able
carry. They reckon the Cacao by Cornels, which is the number of four
hundred
jXequiptks, of eight thoufand and by C^rgas, of twenty four thoufand.
In this
:ounty is a Mountain, whofe top fmoaking continually confumes by
degrees, and
.ftentimes covers the neighboring Countrey with Allies. The Water which
flows
rom the lame differs very much, for fome of it is wholfomand fit to
drink ; Tome
3ul and {linking, and fome turns Wood, if laid in the fame, to Stone.
Here is
Ifo the Beaft whofe Head is highly efteem'd for the Sf;^o.tr. Stone,
which it caries in the fame. Here is likewife a little Bear, which in Head of a
Mouth, hath a
)ng Nofe with a round Hole in it, and a hollow Tongue, with which k
fucks
loney, and difturbs the Nefts of Pifmires. The Women in this Place make
curius Earthen Ware, coloured either red or black with the Mud of two
ieveral
Tooks. The Indians call'dthe boyling Fountains in this County mi,
becaufe they
ubble up a Bowes.fliot high, and make the River Caliente, which,
notwithftandig it hath pafs'd half a League through a wide Channel, retains its
exceeding
eat. Not far from it lies a Stone , which having a Crack in the middle,
fends
)rth a thick Damp, and againft bad Weather a thundering noife. On the
Mounlins grow exceeding large Trees, efpecially Oak. Here Pifmires which are
of aa

[traordinary bigncfs, are brought to Market amongft other Provihons.

2. St. Salvador, forty Leagues dillant from Guatimala Eaftward, and
feated upoa
le River Gdc^^4, and having about it a fmall Territory, which by fome
is ac)unted a diftind Countrey or Province.
3. Jcaputla, a Town of the Natives, fituated at the Mouth of the River,
and be
Ig as it were, the Port=Town to St. Salvador.
4. Trimdad, 3, Town D^ great refort, being the greateft Empory and Place
of
'raffick for all forts of Commodities, betwixt the People of NeiP St>am
md thole
^Teru. '
5. St. Michaels, two or three Leagues diftantfrom the Bay Foufeca, upon
the
3uthSea. / j j r
6. Xeres de la Frontera, on the Confines of this Province, towards the
Borders of
tcaragua, befidesfeveral Villages which we lliall have occafion to
mention.
In the middle of a Lake within this Territory is an Ifland, on which the
Indians
Id a Tradition, That a Man no fooner fet his Foot but he died
immediately:
hich Opinion of theirs was chang'd when the Spaniards went thither in
Boat.fulls
idreturn'd fafe again, with Relation that they had Cccn a large'Stonc
Image, rembling a Woman ; before which lay the Afhes and Bones of ilain People.
Round about the Village Guaymoco grow great Balfom-Trees, which afford
imber of fifty five Foot long. From this Village leads a Way to the City
Salva^
r, near which the fore-mention'd Kivtr Guachapa runs with fo many
wmdinas
at the Traveller is forc'd to crofs the fame feveral times before he can
come'^to
e Foot ot a Mountain which formerly caft out terrible Flames- but now
tlv^
_mbu(lible Matter being con fum'd, there appears onely a great Hole on
the top
ith Allies in a large compafs round about it. At the Foot of the fame
are two Pits^
le of which fmoaks continually in fuch a manner, that it Rifles all
thofe that ap-^
oach It 5 jet the Mountain is well overfpread with Cedars and PineTrees.
Three Leagues farther lies the Village M.v./>. ; 'and not far from
thence the
- - _ ^ Bb ^ Hill

ni

258

Havens.

A M E "B^I C A ' ^:hap.

Hill ElmalTals, which confifts of great Stones and Afiies, wonderful'
mixt toge
ther: No lefs wonderful is a Brook which flows in the Night till 1/
rning, anc
then finks into the Ground : And in the Countrey Choluteca is another
which hide
ic feifac Noon, and appears again towards Night. The Cavern wh -h
formerb
produced Fire and Smoke, now affords good Water to the Village unatan,
an<
City Salvador : Near the Village T^te^egve are five Springs, which c ft
up Allon
and Sulphur. The Natives Chontaks which fpeak feveral Languages, flock
to thi
Village Uimtlla, to make Offerings; not far from hence are two ^its, one
o
which is full of boyling Water, and the other as cold as Ice: Moreo' :r,
Cocori lie
near a high Mountain, on the top of which is a very turbulent Lakf
The chiefeft Haven of this Countrey, which lies along the Soutl -Sea,
is^aU
de FonJQca, Difcover'd by Gonfahes T>avila, Jnno 1522. and fo nam'd aom
Joan^i.
driven de Fonfeca, Biil-O^ oi Burgos In the middle thereof appears t
ilH^nd ?tn
nelld, with nine others, of which four are inhabited hy Indians.
The good conveniency of the Haven fonfeca, induced fome of i e Spaniards
t
make a new PalTage from the fide of the Souchern Ocean, to the :^
orthern, a^k
from Manama to ]>lombre de T>ios, deligning u to reach from the faid
Javen Fonfed
unto Puerto de Carellos, which are diflant one from the other forty five
Leagues
moft of it aood way, except fomc over-grown Mountains, which night be
mad
paffable with little trouble j to which purpofe they built the Town Bue?

2a Efpera)
, caj yet neverthelefs the Work remained unprofecuted.
There are moreover reckon'd
Provinci
Socotiufco, Suchitepec, and
Soconufco, to which bi
longs the Town of G^V^r/d,
iefidencC; tl
reft feem to be onely fmall
hi
manner as St. Salvador, and

as appertaining to Guatimala, the fmall

Chiluluca, the chief of them being
where the Sp^wi//? Governor hath his
Territories about Towns of the fame Name, in
St. Miguel before.mention'd.

'wm "4

t* xfe, rfllt. jfe, r.K ^^ ^h Si> ^, ^. /"h A

:iiiif,^ iiiiiiiiiiiiiii^^iiiiiiiiiiii' 5*5i&5K

C H A p. V.
The Kin2;dom of Mexico, or New-Spain.

bounds of
Herf-SpaiK,

N'fiTP Spain, the chiefcft part of the Northern America^ reckons in

length froi
the Eaft'Point oilucatan, to the place where JMechoacon juts againft Gu
dalajara three hundred and fixty Leagues j and in breadth from tl
Northern parts o^Tanucos, to the Southern Ocean, a hundred and eighty
League
befides a great part which lies to the Northward , behind inacceffable
Mountaii
and Wilderneffes ; inhabited by the Tepecuaenes, Guachucules,
Cacatequa^, Tecaxamm
and others- and was, before the Spaniards Conquered and Difmember'd it,
muc
larger than now it is -, for as much as it comprehended the whole
Province i
NeTi?'Gallicia, and reach'd from the furtheft Point of the Temnfula of
Jucatan Sout
ward as far as '^ewSifcay , and the Confines o^ Calif or mia Northward ;
containir
in length feven hundred Leagues and more, and about half as much in

breadth
But fince the Conqueft by Bmiando Corte^ and his Followers, the whole
Countr(
o^New-Galltcia is taken from it, and made a diftind Government or
Judiencia ,

the Spaniards call it, of it felf.

Ti

, >

s)

. 'H

." I

1 fe

^Z

zm

The Original,

L Theftateof,
p thsMexican
Kingdom beI fore the Spa.
I. niardf anji yal.

y
l>
d
It
I,
1.
h

oiths Mexiij. Mw Kingdom.

> oithsMext-

le
d

^^

ii

r-i

1 I

v~.

r/

l) yAVJ.;

^ .. no-r^- -

'1.

/.

I :i-tT Ji

in

Chap. V. \ A M E%^1 C A.
The Natives of the Countrcy are of the Race of the Gnchimc^, a Salvage
and
Wilde fort of People, of the Province of l>{zio-Gallia^^ efpeciaily in
the Parts of
HeivSiJcay, living in Forefts and in deep Caves under Ground ; whofe
Pofterity do
ftill at this day much trouble and annoy the Countrey thereabouts ;
notwithftanding all the endeavors of the Spaniards, and the Garrifons which they
keep in thofe
parts on purpofe tode.ftroy them. About five hundred years ago.or
more,accordinor
to the account of the Mexican ^ww/5, divers Hoards^as they arecalFd, of
thefe Chtcht
mecx, weary, it Teems, of their Woods and fubterraneous dwellings,'
iffu'd out into
the more open Air, and fell down in huge multitudes into thefe Southerly
parts
of ^;^Wc^, which are now called Mexico and Hem~Spam not all at once,
but at feveral times, and under feveral names, -.7^. of the Suchmilci^ Chalet
.Tepanec^, TlafcaU
tec^, and others, who fubduing or driving out the People they found in
thofe parts,
Seated themfelves in their room : , And though at firft every Nation or
Company
of them, as they came, feiz'd upon fome Province apart by themfelves,
and held
it, as it were, in Soveraignty to themfelves, without acknowledgement of
any dependance or fubjedion to their Neighbors, or thofe that were there
before them .
^ct in Traa of time, and by fortune of the Wars , which they made one
upon anl
3ther, they fell under the Government of one King, yi^. the King of
Mexico,
ivhich was the chief City of the Province.
This Kingdom, at the time that the Spaniards firft Difcover'd the
Countrey was
Sovern'd by a Prince, namM Mote^uma . one, who by his Valor and good
fuccefs in
^he Wars, had m a few years of his Reign, before the Spaniards came
thither, fiib.
lu'd the better part of a hundred Cities and great Towns to his Dominion
and
leld m aaual fubmiffion to his Government, and Tributary to him, no lefs
than

hirty feveral Cajques or petty Princes, every one of which paid

himTribute, and
vere able upon occafion to bring into the Field an hundred thoufand
Men : He is
aid to have been, for his Perfon, a wife and good Prince, juft, affable,
and tender
)f his Subje^as good : but by reafon of fome heavy exa^ions, which his
own powr,and the Pradife of his Anceftors before him,gave him the confidence to
Impofc
ipon the Conquer'd People, a great part of his Subjeas livM but
unwillingly unler his Obedience, and rather by conilraint than otherwife : being alfo
further ex.
iperated agamfl him by one barbarous Cuftom, which the M.x/...
frequently
isd,v/^. the Sacrificing of Men. Their manner was, whenfoever they had
any
olepn occafion of doing Honor to their Devil.god Vit:^dopuchtU , as they
call him
ofend out an Army of Men from Mexico, into fome of the fubdu'd
Provinces, (in
:ale they had no Enemies nearer Hand) and to fetch in as many Men as
they
hought good, to be Sacrific'd 5 whofe flefii likewife afterwards they
did eat in a
olemn Banquet This being a bufinefs of their Satanical Religion, 2.nA
Motezum^
.Prince extremely Superftitious and Devoted to the Service of his gods,
it is faid,
hat he Sacrifice commonly, one year with another, twenty thoufandMen,
and
ome years, upon extraordinary occafions, not lefs than fifty thoufand :
So great
nd grievous a Tyranny, by the juft Judgement and PermiiTion of Almighty
God
or their great and unnatural fios, did the Enemy of Mankind exercife
upon them!
le was hkewife much given to Women, but it was onely to fuch as were
counted
is Wives J of which he is faid to have had no lefs than a hundred and
fifty with
-hild by him at one time.
The Bounds of this Kingdom at prefent are thus ; on the Eaft it hath a
large
^w; a {'\ r^''^' '^"^ ''^^ ^^'' ^'y ofNey^^Spam, or The Gulf of Mexico ,
On
'',Z'''rf-^^^^^ ^^'^^^redelZur, on the North, the
^It ot Hew-GalUcu, and part of Vionda y and on the South , Mare del Zur
again, and
^ ^ ^ part

^3>
Tlie Original

The flate of
the Jktexicafi
Kingdom before the Sf>a.
niard^ arijval.

T be bounds
of the Mexican Kingdom.

a^o

Richet of

39(-Tiree,

Pint- Apples.

Fruit CiKiitl

J M E XI C J. Chap. V
part otGuatimala. It cxcendeth it felFin length from Jticatan SouthEafl, to the Bor
ders of l^tit> Galliaa Northward, above eight hundred Italian Miles, and
in breadth
from fanuco to the South Sea, about half io much. It lieth wholly under
the Tor
rid Zone : nor is it a Countrey generally fo mountainous or high fcated,
as fomi
others of America are, but for the moft part level or low ; yet is it fo
fann'd, (fo
three parts at leaft of four, by the cooling Blafts of the Sea, and the
Heats other

wife fo moderated with frequent Rains, which it hath conftantly three

Moneths ir
the Year, vi^. June, July, and Ju^uji) that the Air is rendred thereby
exceeding tem^
perate,and the Climate not unhealthful^efpeclally to temperate Bodies,
and fuch a:
are never fo little us'd to it. A. goodly Countrey it is, of
inexhauftible Wealth anc
Riches, whether we regard the Mynes of Gold, Silver, Brafs, Iron, O^c.
of al
which it hath many, and very good ^ or the Fruits of the Earth,
abundance o
Cattel, plenty of Corn and Grain, of which they have two Harvefts j or
any othe
Commodities and Endowments of Nature, which ferve for the enriching of
th
World. Amongft other things, it affords CaJ^ia, the Fruit whereof is a
thing wel
known,and much commended by the Apothecaries for its ufe in Phyfick,
efpeciall;
in Purgations, and removing of all Obftrudions of Phlegm, Cholcr, ^c.
Sucl
ilore of Balm, Amber, all forts of Gums and precious Liquors, as no
Countrey ii
the World is better furnilh'd with excellent Perfumes and Phyfick, than
the King
dom o ]>{eT& Spain.
Amon<T the many other forts of Trees which this Countrey produces, the
mol
remarkable is their Tuna^, of which, there being five kinds, one is
call'd Qumheba
from whence proceeds that admirable Tindure, commonly known by the Nam
ofCochinele, which is thus made : On the top of this Tree is found a
Worm, whicl
hath thebignefsandibapeofagrcatLoufe, which fo increafes, that in one
year
time a hundred Trees {hall be ftock'd from the feed of one of thefe
Animals. Th
Wormitfelf being white, after the Skin is carefully puUM off, put in
cold Wate
or Aihes, and fo dry'd, becomes Cochtnele, The bell fort of it is to be
had in TlafcaL
and that in fo great a quantity, that no lefs than five or fix hundred
Jrrohes of Spa
fitjh Meafure (each J} robe is as much as five En^Up> Bufiiels) is
yearly Tranfportei
thence. The other fort, which grows on the Mountains, and that which is
not f
carefully gather'd, call'd Chtchimecas, Dyes not fo well as the right
Cochinele. Th
Tw^ alfo bears a Fruit long and whitifh, with a fmooth Shell, and full
of lit
tie Seeds like Figs : The red, which are inferior in tafte to the white,
colours th
Urine red.

The Pine:=Apples which grow here differ from the Spanifh^^ot the Pulp is
no
inclos'd in a Shell : They have a pleafant fmell, and a Pulp, which if
eaten muc:
of, caufes an Appetite, it being of a tartifli tafte ; they keep good a
long time whc
Salted.
But much more beneficial is the Cacao, with which Fruit Kew Spain drives
a grea
Trade ; nay, ferves for Coined Money. When they deliver a Parcel of
Cacao, the
tell them by five, thirty, and a hundred. Their Charity to the Poor
never exceed
above one Cacao.'Hut, The chief reafon for which this Fruit is fo highly
eftecm'c
is for the Chocolate, which is made of the fame, without which the
Inhabitants (b(
ing fo us'dto it) are not able to live, notv^ichftanding it caufes
Phlegm and V(
miting to thofe that are ftrangcrs thereto. When the Enghjl? Commander
Thoni
Candtjh coming into the Haven Gtt^t/co, burnt two hundred thoufand Tun
o^ Caca
it prov'd no imall lofs to all lS[e^ Spain, the Provinces Guatmala and
Ktcaragua n
producing fo much in a whole year. The Trees on which this Fruit grows
are d
vided into four forts, differing in bignefsand fhape ; all of them arc
very tende

vm^
m

Chap. V^.

^ M E'B^I C A.

for they will not onely grow in no place but on their ufual Ground, but
cannot en.
dure the cold Nights Storms, or excefTes of Heat ; wherefore the Qc^oTrees which
grow out ofthe Fruit that falls off, come to no perfedion, except in
fhady and
warm Valleys ; which is alfo the reafoa why the Planters of n^w Spain

plant the
great Leafy Tree Qacao^uanthly (that is, The Mother ofthe Cacao s) near
theC4C^o-Tree,
that it may the better grow under the Shadow thereof j in which manner
whole
Woods are planted : In the fecond year it bears Fruit, which is fird
ripe in January,
and agam in the midft of Summer. Amongft the four forts the chiefeft is
Qmthmtl,
of an mdiffent heighth, and full of fliarp^pointed Leaves, which are
faft to the
Boughs without Stalks, and bears a great Flower of a yellowifli colour,
which falImg off, leaves long, tough, and hairy Threds behind them, out of which
grows the
Cacayently, a Fruit which is oval, heavy like a Melon, of a
Saifron^colour, of a fat
and thick Juice, a bicterifli, yet pleafant tafte, and very cooling .
being dry'd in
the Sun It is thereby made fit to keep j it is likewife highly
efteemM,becaufe the Gocolate is made ofthe fame. Before the Spaniards made themfelves Mafters
o^Mexico
no other Drink was efteem'd but that of the Cacao , none caring for
Wine, notwithftandmg the Soil produces Vines every where in great abundance of it
felf.
But befides the Quathuil, Ne^ Spain hath three other forts of Gc^oTrees, vi^. Mecanal, pleafant to behold for its heighth, large Leaves and Fruit ; the
next is the Xo^
:hucaual, which is lefs than the former , and la% the leaft fort, which
is called
Halcacahual. The Fruit of thefe four forts of Trees, though differing in
Oiape, yet
iS all one in power and operation.
The Spamards to make Chocolate mix Mai^ (by the Mexicans callM riaoUi)
either
vhole or Ground, or boyl'd before with Chalk. Moreover, they put the red
Ker.
lelsalio in the Drmk, which grow in the Fruit ofthe Ahiote-Txcc. Ofthe
Kernels
vhich are dry and cooling, boylM in Water, and ftirr'd till it comes to
a Pap, they
aake Cakes, which mixM with the Chocolate, gives it a cleanfing power,
and takes
way all taites that caufe vomiting.
Th,?c2i^ctMecaxochite, which grows creeping along the Earth, wich long
and
^ ^ j fraeranE

.-.Ms* " ( '

Niture of the
P-ople,

2^4 Jl M E\I C A Chap. V.

fracrrant Leaves, round Stalks, hairy Roots, and three long Cods which
flioot up.
wards. This Pepper tempers the over-cooling property of the Goco/df^,
Laftly,
it confiilsalio oi Xuchinacatlu^ Tlilxochitle, and the Rozenifh Gum,
Ho//i. The Xocinac^f/i is a Tree with imall Leaves, and great Flowers hanging on long
Stalks thai
bend downwards, within of a purple, and wnthout of a dark-green colour,
of a
fweet fmelljand refembling an Ear j and this Flower alfo gives a
pleafant tafteand
wholfom operation to the Chocolate. The Tltlxochitle runs up to the tops
of Trees
like Ivy the Flowers, of a darkifli brown colour, cleanfe the Nerves,
ftrengthen
the Brain, and takeaway the rawnefs of the Stomach. The Holli drops out
of the
Holquahuyde, afmoothbarky Tree full of Moifture, which at firft
appearance i;
white, then ycUowifh, and ladly black, which kneaded into round Balls
and
Roafted, is a remedy againft a Loofnefs and forenefs of the Bowels.
The Natives of the Countrey are very ingenious in divers mechanical
Arts,
efpecially in making of Feather=Pi(5t:ures, apieceof Curioiity wherein
they are held
to be incomparably, or rather inimitably excellent j andfo induftrious
at it, thatal
though the Americans ^encv^Wy are not a People over-much addided to any
kind oi
Labor or Study, yet at this they will fit a whole day together, without
eithei
Meat or Drink, onely out of a natural afFedion they have to the Work,
and a defirc
to be excellent in it j The Countrey indeed affords them great variety
of Birds
and other Fowl, of moft rare and exquifite Colours, which is a great
advantage tc
their Skill, and helps much to the accomplifhment of their Work. They
Paini
likewife very curioudy upon their Cottons j and are held to be generally
the bcfl
Goldfmiths in the World j of moft perfe(il: skill in the purging and

refining of all
forts of Metals, but efpecially of Gold and Silver: And yet in other
things fc
ftrangely ftupid and ignorant,that when the Spaniards firffc appeared
amongft them,
not a few of them (as 'tis reported) took the Horfe and Man both for one
Crea
ture J and when the Horfe Neighed, they would enquire very ferioufly
what he
faid.
There are likewife many fair Lakes in this Province, but the principal
arethofji:
of Chapala and Mexico : the former of which is in the more Northern
parts of the
Kingdom, towards the Borders o^Nen? Galltcia.^ and is chiefly famous for
the abun'
dance of good Salt that is yearly made and Traniported thence. The other
oi
Mexico is one of the largeft and goodlieft in the World, of circular
form (as
fome fay) little lefs than nine hundred Miles in compafs, environed with
the mair
Land, the (Pe?ziw//^, or Cape of F/on<i4, Jucatan, and the l(\a.nd
(^uha, having twc
onely PaiTages in and out, and both of them well fortifi'd : the one
betwixt the
Point o^Jucatan and the Ifle Cuba, where the Tyde violently enters ; and
the othei
betwixt the faid Ifland and the Cape of HonW4, where it goeth as
violently out : up
on which Gulf the King of Spain hath always fome good Ships in readinefs
for al
occafions j and by them, 'tis luppos'd, he doth more affurehis Eftates
in thofe part
o( America, than by all the Garrifons befides. '^"
The whole Kingdom of Mexico, or Ke"^ Spain, is fubdivided into thefe
Inferioi
Provinces :
I. The Arch-^biilioprick of Mexico. 2. The Biflioprick , Mechoacon* 3.
Lo
Jngelos, or Tlafcale. 4. Guaxaca, 5. The Lo rd fli i p "P^nwco : And 6.
theFrovino
Tabafco,
Mexico, the chief Province o[ l^ew 'Spain, fo denominated from Mexico
the chie
City, not only of the Province, but of all America lying between
Tlafcale and Mt
choacan, extends in length from North to South, a hundred and feventecn
Leagues
and in breadth along the Southern Ocean, feventcen, but up in the
Countrey, fife
foL

Lakes of

The feveral
I'r evinces.

mgUl

Chap. V.

.a M E %^l C A.

four Leagues ; In which circumferencd lie to the North-Eaft, UuotUbu,

M^xtu
liar,, Xdotefe<jue, and famco Weftward, Matd^ingo, and Cnltcpeque
Eaft ward, Tu^.
.COCO; South.Eaft, Qmlco ., Southward, Suchmulco, Tlaluc, Coyxca, and
Acafuko.
It is bounded on the Eaft, with the Gulf of A/exico ; on the Weft, with
WWcan- on the North, with 'Pamco. and fome parts oi fiew-Callicia ; and on
the South
with THafcalU. '
This Countrey is both large and rich, containing not much lefs than one
hun=
dred and thirty Leagues, both in length and breadth ; attd if it yields
any thing to
eru in the plenty of Gold and Silver, 'tis certain it much excels it in
many other
Commodities ; as namely, in all forts of Fruits, abundance ofCattel,
plenty of
Gorn and Grain ; in all which, the advantage this Countrey hath, not
only of Tc
ru, but of all the other Provinces of Jmerica befide, is well known :
Not to fpeak
anything of the great plenty and variety of good Fifh, which both the
Rivers and
Lakes of this Countrey afford, which is very great; infomuch, that the
very Tri

bute of the one Lake ofMxicois faid to yield an Income of above twenty
thoufand
Crowns yearly, one with another.
The People of the Countrey are generally Induftrious and Adive,
efpecially
fince the Spaniards ame among them; rich Merchants, if they apply
themfelves to
It; and they fay likewifegood Soldiers, when they are train'd and
imploy'd that
way. '^ '
The chief Towns and places of the Province are, i. Mexico, both
anciently and
at prefent, the Metropolis and Capital City; being the Seatof an
Archbifliop, and
the ordinary Refidence of the Vice.Roy, and chief Governors of 2^S/,^i.
This City, by the Indians was formerly cali'd Tenuftatan, lies in
nineteen Degrees
and a half to the Northward of the EquinoBial-Line , rais'd out of a
brackilh Lake,
full of muddy Water; whofe circumference along the Mountains is feventy
Leagues; This Lake fwarms continually with Boats, which carry the People
to
and again from one inhabited Ifland to another ; four Stone-bridges, no
lefs coftly than artificial, with Arches and Gates in feveral places, lead from
the City to
the Main Continent. '
The frefli Water which they have in the City Mexico, is led into the
fame through
Pipes that he m the bottom of the Lake; but none are to enjoy the
benefit thereof,
before they have paid a certain Sum of Money to the King's Colledors.
Moreover the City divided into Iflands, contains above fixty thoufand
Houfes,
which being built on feveral Ifles,have large Bridges.which reach from
one to another ; lome that lie in the middle of the Lake, they approach in little
Boats, round
ibout the Lake, efpecially where the way leads from the Continent into
the City,
lieleyeral Suburbs, all incWd with Walls; between which ftandftrong
Towers,
:over d on the top : To keep off the force of the Water, the Tenufiatans
have with
;reat labor and charge,made a Bank through the Lake,half way along the
City: But
lie Lake Lacuna, from whofe bottom Mexico is rais'd, is divided in two
parts , the
>>. Lake, which is higher than the Salt, falls in to the fame through
Sluces, with
Jridges built on the Bank that leads from the City to the main Land :

The Salt^Ke, which hath brackifl, and bitter Water, ebbs and flows accordina as
the Wind
fT' 7n '"'''' ' '"'' '" "-^^ '"*"^' '^'""'"^ the Water which in the
fight
.t Mexico fttlls into the fame out of the Mountains, hath a fulphury
Ground : All
^ong the Ihore, much Salt is made , with which the Citizens drive a
areat Trade :
I here are continually above a hundred thoufand Boats (by the Indians
cAVi Acahs,
nd by tlie Spamards,Canoos) going ofFand on from one fliore to another :
The freOi
vater Lake, which is bigger than the fait, and feeds fmall Fiflies, hath
above fif.

24.5

Bounds of
Mtxicana.

Nature of the
Countrey.

Chief Towns

r>e(criptioa
of the City
Msxlct,

H^

<tA M E %l C A.

Chap. V.

The Temperature of the

Air.

ty Suburbs about the fame, of which, fomeboaft five thoufand, and others
ten
rhoufand Houfes : Nay, the Suburb Tejaao, rn former tirres was no way
>nfer,or
to U^.tco in bigncfs; fince the S^anuris have been Mafters of this Oty,
they ftopt
up many Moats, to inUrge their narrow Streets. . j., .^Befis three pubUck Markets, every open place affords all forts of
iProv.fions
daily . the IniuJ c.W the Markets T.anguyftly, and the S^mad^.rwt^ueK;
the firft
andch.efeftftandsinT.re//co, adorn'd with Galleries on three fides ^ '"
^he middie of this Square, which is accounted the biggeft in the World, ftands
next to the
place of Execution, a ttately Fountain ; the Tents ^^^'i^^^/^^J ^"f P''^
j
L here for Trade, amount to above thirty thoufand The fecond Market ca
Id
St. John's, is in K.xico, and fwarms continually with People The
third ,s call d
HMlu, from the G.aril.uSaint of the City, whither every Wednefday and
Thurfday comes fuch a multitude of People , that this fpacious Market is too
little for
them, for the fale of every Commodity, a peculiar comer is allotted ;
but great
Packs'are left to be difpos'd of in Boats, which lie near the fhore.
At the four corners of the City, at prefent call'd St. John St. Man.
WKotonia,
St. fdlo, and St. Sebajl,a, are above four thoufand Spamjh Families,
and thirty
thoufand !&,., befides what inhabit r<.K/fco, now St. /o^o.

The Air in this place is very ftrange ; in the day time, the Sky is
generally Serene the North Wind againft the Evening brings Rain, of which the
Mountam
7^4'"/?'^ lying a little League beyond the City gives certain
Teftimonies; fo,
when a bkck Cloud appears on the top thereof, it is certain to be Mown
roni
thence over Mexico with Rain : After a moift Evening follows a Starlight
Nighty
and a pleafant Morning : From September till My, it is generally dry
Weather here,
but if it chances to Rain , the Ram is attended with a Storm , which
occaf.oni
a fulphurous Fogg , very unwholfom, and fo dark that one Man cannot difcern^another, and caufes a pain through all the Limbs, nay fometimes
Dea h .
felf; wherefore, when foe're it approaches, every one keeps clofe m his
Houfe, o.
goes into the Countrey. t i ^- u '^ a^..
Moreover, it is worthy of obfervation, how ftrangely this City is alter
d finc<
its being Conquer'd by the Sfan.anU, and efpecially when Anno l6^9. it
was over.
flow'd by a mighty Deluge ; which alteration by Sarnde Cabo, in a Letter
to th.
JefuiteHernande Leon, is thus [a hnh: _ , v r
n 1 1 \r^\\p^T Kpr\x;ppn hioh Mountains, hath levent>
Bmuahcaho Mcxtco . favs hc , Iving in a Valley Detween m^n iviuui , j
Po?or Leagues i^ circumference : The Valley being Oval, is for the mod
part inter
fpers'd with Lakes, which the Mlans,^nd after them .hcSpamard^ have digg
d,onl3
hLak! which waflies Me.uo is natural , and to ftop the Water-falls.
there ar,
Banks and Sluces every where : The Flood before Mex.calan^o flows.a
Fathom an.
!ha gher than beflre Mex.eo. The four other Lakes to the Northward ha.
much m!re Water than the Mex.calan.o , of which, fome have fcarce four,
other
Tt three Leagues in circumference , when as Mexu.lan.os Lake reckons
fifteen
and Mexico s fixteen. On the breaking of the Banks, M,o hath of-fuffer

d gr
dama.e, wherefore the Vice-Roy de Valefco took fpecia care to make a
vent to
the Water through the lo weft Mountains, whereupon the C"ntrey being
Sur
vev'd the Northern Coaft near the Village Guep,enoca , was found to be
the mo
convenient. But about the manner of letting the Water out. the Surveyors
coul
no ways agree ; moft of them were of opinion to dig Channels into which
h
Lak" might d fcharge their Waters ., others, thought beft to make a
Gutter und
G ound, Ihich iJveUfia put in hand with ""^^^PPy ^-"J^' .'^"^"t/ ^e sln
rers who under-min'd the Ground, were choak'd with the falling in of the
San

Mexico.

"JlLLi-

Chap. V. _^ M E%^1C A. Z45

or ilifled with the fulphurous Vapors lifing oiit of the Earth :
Neverthelefs, they
gave not over the Work, though they began it quite another way,for a
Fr^c/;.Man,
caird Henry Martm^ advis'd to deepen the River Quaiotitlan, which falls
into the
Uguna, and by that means make it a Bay, into which the Lagtma might pour
her
over-charg'd Waters : Which defign,though contradided by the Jefuit
^'o^w Sanche:^^
was put in pradice j by which means the Water fell in a fhort time fo
much that
they could walk dry to the Cliffy/ fonnel, lying a League from the
City ; wherefore they continually laboured on this Work, till fuch time zsConde de
Getues came
over for Vice-Roy , who judgM the Charge to be unneceflary , nay

Commanded
the Ditches to be broken down, which ftopt the Water along the Silver
Mines of
fachucaj that he might fee exatftly how much it would over-flow Mx/'co :
After ^'overi
which the Flood rofe yearly higher and higher j till at h{{^ Jnno i6ic}.
a mighty
Rain falling, fwole the Lagu?ta in fuch a manner, that it over-whelm'd
all Mexico
wafli'd down the Houfes, all Merchandizes which could not endure the
Water
were fpoil'd, and had not they had innumerable Boats to help them;,
thoufands of
People might have periOiM in this Deluge: But at laft , Henry Martin
reftor'd
again the forc-mention'd Channel to its former Perfedion;, and brought
the Flood '
which fell down out of the Mountains within the Banks of the River.
Quantidandio^'d alfo a Channel of eight thoufand Fathom long, and
made'ati
Arch'd Sewer under Ground of the fame length , which Sewer hath at every
two
hundred Fathoms diftance;, Vcnt-holes,and ahole of fixty Fathom deep,
and by this
means, diverting abundance of Water, they dry'd Mexico in a fhort time :
When the
Banks and Streets began no fooner to appear, but they fell to work to
raife the
Ground, and to lay Bridges, and alfo to build more Boats. The Citizens
likewife found it convenient to make another deep Sewer for the carrying
away of
more Water, notwithftanding it required twenty years labor. The River,
which in
a manner runs through the middle of the City, is curb'd by a Wall j a
crooked
Bridge, with many Arches, and of a long extent, leads to the City, in
which ftand stately Paia-many brave Palaces, with pleafant Walks of I'rees about them 5 the
Cloyfters of ''**
feveral Orders of Fryers, appear with high Spires and- Turrets, above
all other
Buildings.
The Franci/cans have here four very fumptuous Buildings : The
firft,Confecrated Andum^
to St. Francis, ftands in the uppermoft part o Mexico, within a large
fquare Court, ^'"'''
and on each a pleafant Walk of Trees : The Cloyfter it felf is very
high, and treb'
ble Wall'd, with Towers and Galleries about it : In the middle of the
City
ftands another Tower'd-Cloyfter, call'd St. Jago. The third lies a
little diftancc
from it, which being built long, hath a ftately Turret, and is called
Maria de (I(odon-

da. The fourth, not far from the firfl, but much fmaller, is namM San
Diego thefe
belong to the Francifcans, The Auguftin Monks are alfo no way inferior
to the' Francifcans, for magnificent Strudures, with fpacious Halls, high Towers,
and rich
Balconies : The firft is denominated from St, Auguftine, juft behind
which appears
San (pahla, lefs ftately than the reft. St. Sebafltan, near the Laguna,
is built in manner
like a Church, whofe Tower ends like a Pyramid. The Cloyfter San Cru^,
belong.
ing alfo to the ^^/?-i^,^ built fquare, ftands near the Market, in
the middle of
Which ftands a ftately Fountain ; The Court within inviroo'd with thick
Walls,
amazes the beholders by the plcafantnefs of its fituation.
. Moreover, the Dominicans inhabit two brave Cloyfters ; the chiefeft
Dedicated to
St. Dominic, is eight fquare 5 to which is adjoyning a pretty large
Church, with a.
Steeple : The fecond, which ftands on one fide o[SL%go, and confifts of
three fe.
veral Strudures, is callM Collegw de forU UU, Oppofite to St, Jago, near
the great

larKec.

1^6

Cloyflers belonging to the

Merced.

Womens
Claylters.

The ViceRoy's Palace

and Archbifhop's Seat.

The gallantry
oi Mexico 2.x.
this day.

AMERICA. Chap. V.
Market the J e/u its have a (lately Colledge , or High-School, where
many are
brought up in the Latin and Greek Tongues, whence it is callM, Cafa
Trofeffa Les
Efludios.
There is alfo another Habitation of Religious Men, call'd llkfonfe
SannaKoykiad^
which for State, may vie with any Royal Palace.
The C^lonks of La Merced dwell in two Cloyfters , both Confecrated to
the Virgin Maryj yet Sirnam'd Montferatte, and Cannd : The firft lying not far
from the
River, is a mean Structure, in comparifon to the lafl: ; the uppermoft
Tower of
whofe Temple appears above all other Buildings, in the upper part oi
Mexico near
the Cloyfter of St. Fr^?2ci^.
The Women have alio fourteen Cloyflers here, the chiefeft whereof is
Dedicated to Catharine of Siena ; but much more fplendid is that of Santa
Terefa, built like
an Imperial Palace j famous for its ftately Gardens, and round Fountain,
which
continually fpouts Water. The reft, which we fhall onely name, are La
Encar^
nacio , Santa Lies , Jefm^Maria , Laurenfo , Las Des-cakas, Santa Clara
j Juan de la (Penitentia^^ginaCceliy Santa Monica^ las^cogidas^ 'jeronjmo, znd Concept
io?2e -^ befides the
AlmQioufes, (^eal de los LidioSy and Nojira Senora del Amor : There are
likewife eight
Hofpitals, "p/;^. de Dios, del Spiritu Santo, Juan de Doys, d?, la
Mifericordia., defan Hippoli'
to, and defan La^aro. The three chief Churches bear the Name of
Catharine, Mar*
tin, and Fera Cru:^-, and the Clergy=raen thereto belonging, enjoy many
ftately Palaces, amongft which are _/d?z de Lateran^ de Chrtfto, and las
ISii'Vas,
The Refidence of the Vice-Roy which lies near the Vominican Cloyfter,

^orto Ccem
It, isfo iumptuous a Structure, that it may ftand in competition with
any of thofe
Edifices which were fo much cry'd up by the Ancients ; neverthelefs, it
is not to be
compared to the Arch-biiliop's Seat, built round like a Theatre, whofe
Lufter ex~
preftes the Quality of him that inhabits the fame, he being Governor of
the Biiho pricks of F^j/cd/^;, Guaxaca, Mechaocan, New Gallciaj Chiapa,
lucatan, Guatimala, Ve^
rapa:^, and the fhili^pinas. This marvellous Strudure was begun by
Ferdinand Qorte*
fim, but was finifh'd by Sehaftian %amires de Fuenleal j and not much
inferior thereunto is the Cafa de Cahddo Mameda.
At prefeot, Mexico is thought to be one of the richeft Cities of the
World,
abounding (if reports be true) in all kind of voluptuous gallantry and
bravery,
even to excefs : It is fuppos'd to contain about fix or feven Miles in
compafs, and
to confift of above an hundred thoufand Houfes or Families, whereof not
the tenth
part Spaniards^ but thofe that are, all Gentlemen, at leaft as to their
garb and
manner of living -, for they live moft fplendidly in all refpeds, both
for Diet and
Apparel.
For the firft, we have fpoken fo much already of the general plenty of
all things
in the Kingdom of 2^eTi?-Sp^m, that pertain to this part of pleafure,
that it is not
to be doubted : And for the fecond this may be fomc inftance, V/^. that
it is no extraordinary matter to fee an Hat-band or Role all of Diamonds, in fome
ordinary
Gentlemans Hat and of Pearl among the common Citizens and Tradefmen.
The Coaches (which moft Gentlemen keep) almoft covered with Gold and
Silver,
richly befet with Precious Stones, and within ordinarily lin'd with
Cloth of Gold,
or the beft China Silk that can be gotten -, of which Coaches, in time
of year, at the
Jlameda, as they call it, which is, as it were, The Hide^Tark of Mexico,
and a place
made of purpofe for recreation and delight, a Man fliall obferve not
feldom, above
a thoufand or two thoufand Coaches, full of Ladies and Gallants coming
thithei
onely to take the Air, and their Pleafure, both rhe one and the other
attended witl
a numerous Train of Servants and Mtdattoes of both Sexes. In la
flateria, which i:

bu

gjUglgl

IH

ssm"

PIP jii 1

Chap. V. '^ J M E K I C A %^y

buc onely one Street in Afciro, nigh to the Vice-Roy's Palace, in lefs
than Iralf arl
hours fpace : with the turn of an Eye, you may lee Millions of Wealth in
Gold^
Silver, and Precious Stones, in the Goldfmiths and Jewellers Shops
thereabouts.
la a word, there is nothing hinders Mexico from being the moft abfoluce
City in
the World for delight and bravery, but onely two Inconveniences to which
it is/
fiibjed: : The one is the danger of the Lake, with the Infalls whereof
it may feem
to be almoft continually threatned, and in the Year i6ip. did adually
fuffer a very
great calamity, the Waters breaking through the Banks, and drownino- a
great
part of the City, with the dellrudion of much People, and the lofs of
all their
Goods intirely, through the avarice (as is fuppos'd) of the Vice-Roy
that then was^
and fome other of the King's Officers, who diverted the Money that
fhould have
been employed for the fortifying and repairing of the Banks^ to their
own proper
ufes : The other is from the nature of the Soil and Ground it felf on
which ic
[hndeth j which is found to have a tindure of Sal Nitre in it, fomewhat
flrong md the Winds partly from the Lake it felf, and partly from the Hills
about it, rai*
fing the Duft of this Earth conftantly every Evening, for many Moneths
of the
^ear together, Co violently, that the Air is even darkned therewith for
fome time :
rhe Inhabitants are much annoy'd by it, and made fubjeato divers

Hypocondria
:al Pains and Infirmities, and fometimes kill'd with it, efpecially
fiich as either
:annotjOr care not much to avoid it.
The City lieth about fixty Leagues, or a hundred and fifty Miles diflant
from
hejtlantick or North Sea, from whence by the Port of St. John d' Ullua^
or Vera
Wtix, (which are the ufual Landing-places^ there is a fair and eafie
March to Mexico^
)y the Cities ofXalabar^ Terotta, fuebU de los Jngelos^ and TtafcdUj all
of them open
.nd unfortifi'd Places, -(as likewife Mx/co it felf) and the Countrey
round about
'ery rich and well accommodated with all things, '
The next City of note in ancient times was Qhulula, which being built in
a fruit- chyehtsiuk.
ul Plain, had above twenty thoufand Dwelling-houfes, and as many more
Ban*
juetting-houfes. The number of the Temples and Turrets were equal with
that
>f the days in the Year : The Government thereof belonged to a Mayor and
fix
Udermen, and one chief Prieft,- for they never went upon the leaft
Defign before
hey had been at their Devotion j in which the Prieft's Office was onely
to /
erfume the Idols four times in twenty four hours, vi;^. in the Morning,
at Noori;,
fter Sun.fet, and "at Midnight ; at which times nonedurilbeabfent, but
they us'd
Ifo a cruel Exercife on themfelves, and one much mort cruel on others,
for on \
ilual Feaft-days they abftainM from Meat, Drink, ^nd Sleep, fcourg'd
their Bodies
vich knotted Cords after a miferable manner, evacuated their Seed, that
fo they
night curb all fleflily Defires, and met every Night in a fpacious
place, where firing down they wounded themfelves with Lances in ttieir Legs and Arms, fo
Ions
ill the Blood gufh'd out of the fame ; which gathering in a Cup, they
anointed
heir Temples therewith, and dipt the Lances in the fame, and then huncr
them up
leforethe Temple in Bundles of Straw. Of thefe were a great number, and
-the
aore, becaufe they never us'd their Lances but once. But on thefe Days,
which
vcxs Confecrated to the Idol Te;^catHpuca, every one befides the Priefts
wore a new
lope made of the Hemp Mtw^g, of a Fathom long, and a thick Knot at the
endj
vith which they beat themfelves fo miferably on their Backs, as if they
intended to

ave broken them : After which the Priefts ftay'd five days in the
Temole, in
mich they us'd the like. cruelty, eating fcarce once in twenty four
hours.
Their Prifoners they us'd after a mod horrid manner, Vi:^, in their
Temples:ood a round Stage of Stone 5 to rhe top of which they afeended by a
Square Scaf-

U'fM

f rl

24-S

^ M E KI C^A

Chap, y,

foldj fupportied by twenty eight Pillars j behind which appear'd

thoufands of-Men:
Heads, and amongft them the Piifoners that were to he Offer'd fat ftark
naked
and guarded by feveral Armed Men ^ three Foot from the Steps which led
up tc
the top of the Scaffold , ftood a pyramidical Stone, ( by the Imiians
called Quauxl
calli) and behind it two round Chappels, cover'd on the top like Mitres,
each hac
four Holes in a large Gate, in which fat a horrid Reprefentation,
worfliipp'd b)
fix Priefts call'd Chackalmua, whereof one call'd Tapc^, or Xopi/;^i?i,
whofe Office wa:
to pluck out the Hearts of the Prifoners, being in greateft efteem, wore
a red Man
tie about his Body, not unlike a long Coat, with broad Fringe, which
trail'd af
ter him upon the Ground, and alfo a Crown of green and yellow Plumes on
hi
Head; his Ears and under Lip were likewife adorn'd with Precious Stones:

Th(
other five appear'd in like manner with their Hands and Faces painted
red^ but ha
ving Leathern Fafcia's 2iboin their Heads , and white Coats ftitch'd
with Black or
their Bodies, they might eafily be diftinguifli'd from the Topl:^n-^ who
on a fudder
ran down the Stairs to the Prifoners, and file wM each of them an Image,
(faying
This is your God) made of Bledo Pafte, Mai;^ and Honey, green Beads for
Eyes, anc
Grains of Mdi;^ for Teeth : whereupon the Prifoners were led up, and
laid witi
their Backs on the fliarp Stone QuauxicalU ; then the five Priefts took
hold of thei
Leggs, Arms and Head, put woodden Collars about the Sufferer's Necks,
whilf
the Topil^m fliew'd Reverence to the Idol ; which done, with a fiiarp
Stone he cu
open the Breafts of the Prifoners, who in a deplorable condition lay on
the pyra
midical Stone, and pulling their Hearts out of their Bodies, fhew'd the
fame reek
ing to the Sun, and at laft threw them toward the Idol, and the dead
Bodies dowi
the Stairs, where fome appointed for that purpofe carried the fame awayj
but eve
ry one taking his own Prifoner, and roafting and boyling him, fervM him
up to hi
Friends as a great Dainty*
This kind of Murdering was not onely us'd amongft the ^T^x/ai/iy, but
alfo by al
the other neighboring Indiansy and efpecially in the City Chulula, which
(as we hav
faid before) fignifies The Saniiity of all the Gods '. for in this Xown
fix thoufan(
Children were yearly Offer'd.
The Citizens hereof us'd to drive a great Trade, efpecially in
Cochincle.
Their Habits were feveral j for Perfons of Nooe wore Cotton Coats, about
th
Edges of which hung Feathers and pieces ofCony-skins : the meaner fort
went ii
Ke^uons, or a fort of Linnen Coats made of the hairy Leaves of the Tree
Maguey.
3. The City Te^co, full of handfom Streets and fair Houfes, is built
near th
fait M'^XiCd?^ Lake, yet hath no want of frefli Water, with which it is
fupply'd b'
Gutters from the Mountains under Ground, according to Anthony HerrerUy
it twic
cxccedcth in bignefs the famous City SiVill in Spain,

4. Quitlayaca^ by the Spaniards call'd Vene:^uela, (becaufe it is, like

Venice^ fur
rounded with Water, and divided into feveral Ifles,) boafted formerly
above tW'
thoufand Families : From the Town a Cawfey of twenty Foot broad, and
half ;
League long, leads through the Lake to the Main Continent.
5. Y^tacpalapa, a very populous Place, and lying part of it in the fait
Lake, an(
partly on the Main Land where feveral frefli-water Pools afford ftore
of Fifii
two Leagues diftant from Mexico, to which leads a broad Way ; in the
middle o
which ftands a Fountain, farrounded with high Trees, which produces
excellen
Water.
6. Mexicalt;^ngo, fituate upon the Lake Laguna, a Town confifting of
four thou
fand ftately Houfes.
7. Qayocauj in a fruitful Plain, containing fix thoufand, bein- but a
League ani

iiiiiiiHil

Chap.'' V.

m^

wmcL

lA M E 1Q. r C A.

Towns and
plea fan t ViJ*
i.iges abouEj

'ion;;i:r.L.i;i-'

HUm^omr^tac^aU^a: to which the neighboring Village HoucilopudQ was noi

iuuch inferior. i bnJK ,2!3.
Theie three Places, before chey were fubdu^d. by the %^^^^^ boafted
many
brave Temples and high Towers, whofe luftre appeared at a great
diftancc, but
how being turn'd inco Cloyfters, they arc inhabited by Monks and Huns.
The Salt made here of Earth, though not whke, and-'Onelf fie to make
Pickle of
is Tranfported to many-Places.'-'- ''''by - -^^H J; fJ3{ jid'// :
About Mexico there are alfo feveral Villages^ ehe chiefiTftof which are
i. Ma*
ftulan;a-Tbwn pleafantly feated upon the top of an huge Mountain, in the
midi\ro^
mod delicate Groves and fliady Woods, and reckon^ to cbfttain no lefs
than thirty
thoufand Inhabitants in all, dwelling eithe^ift'lhe City,- or
updnchie:fides of ,^^^^
Mountain. wpK bn^ ,oj?m?;\hiaM v.y'afkV ^rli =T.^.eQ'j:: ^orml rno-iVrl
ir.t
2. Jntepccque. this-is a Town belohging^-CoV^ihe Mirqdefs^^r^f/^^^ of
the Pofterity of Corf e^, and faid to be feated in the moft defeibus
p^ce-^f^all Km
Spain. 2Y!nxir;oD bns .?9r)fliV ?n^'->T J>-^^urf-, , ,.. mU.^ v.^., ^
3. Jcapulco, a Town Cc2itcd upon the South^Sea, or Mare del Zur,
fat^bdongi
ing to this Province. It is a haven-T^wn, aiid^ one 6f the moft
freqtfeTited upon
the South-Sea, fituate upon a large and capacioifs Bay of about a League
broad at
the Entrance, and affording many convenient' Stations and Docks for
Shipping.
At the bottom of the Bay Weft ward lieth. the ToWn, withaftrong
Caftl^;vcry op.
portunely built, both for the comn^and and feeiirity of theTbtt, well
v^all'd and
fortifi'd with Bulwarks, and having a conftant barrildn of four hundred
Sol^iiets
in It, or thereabouts.^ The reafon whereof, I fuppofe, may^beichiefly
c'his'^fcthatJ
from this Pore there is the greateft Traffick arid cEntercourfe hfeld
betwixr^he EM
and W^lif-i^iey, together with the fM/^/e Iflands. .:-iin^in-.d ' ^
ii.dr[aurh
The Countrey hath many rich Mynes of Si^i^^^
chief of which are by Herera reported to be thefeV'Vi^. i. Thofc
offuchuca - four. ^
teen Leagues diftant fVom Mx/co. .^ Of iV^o. y7^lpuw:a.:^.
Culte,i.m.^:l^^^^
alpa<. 6, ^upanmo, 2nd divers othcrii r'^''^ ^i 1

The reft of the Villages are Gmtitlan, Tenymca, Efcafufdco, T^uiJ; and
Su^
., c, iu^iiW ,.3niJ(,cjo),3ri3noani
The neighboring Province X,te^WA, which is exceeding fruitful, is alfo
famous^
br two Fountams, whereof one near the Village Queretaro produces boyline
Water ^
which when cool'd is a vvholfom Drink for Cattel : The other for four'
years is
full of Water and for four years after it is empty ; in great rainy
Seafons -h i*
}u,tedry,andmdroughty Weather it overflows. MiJ-'i
- - Between the Villages Queretaro and S Juan, is a Plain which extends
it felf feveti
Leagues m breadth and leven in length, befides two Leagues farther
beyond Quar^The Mountain ^evada, near the City Delosjn^eks, deferves ho'
fmalVadiraJ
.on ; for K begmsat thirty Leagues end to rife exceeding high, and being
flat on
he top, hath a wide gaping Mouth, whofe bottom is fathomlefs froiit
which at
mn.rifing and fett.ng rifes a Smoak up diredly towards the Skie, but
imtnediatblv
|^^^=rfpread,g l.ke a Plume of Feathers, n is difpers'd by the Wind, ad
n J
nd pL r^ZT "'f7 P'"'"^"^'y P'^"^^-^ ^"l' l<^fty Cyprefs, Cedar,Oak,
nd^r Th Ju ""g''''""g f-'d^ abound likewifewilh Wheat, Cotton
nd Ma,^. There feldora appears any Rain here.
At the Foot of this Mountain lies the Village %<,, famous for the
Gryftal
' ' - ^\* ^ and

Strange '
FountaitfJ

The wonder""
fuJ Mountain!'
Kevadd,

.O***^**" IILII. IMJWl

250 ^ M E%1 C A, Chap. \

and Alloni gotten there. The Village Ocotlan\s alfo maintain^ by the
fame : Bi
Taif^/.i by Gold^Mines, and fruitful Lands, which are twice a year
fliaken b
Earthquakes j wherefore the Inhabitants live not in Stone Houfes, but in
littl
Straw Huts.
South^Eaftward from Kerada is excellent Sugar to be had, and on the
Mountaii
it felf the famous Gum Anime, which drops out of a Tree call'd Jetatba,
which is al
ways green, with hard white Wood, a pale yellow fpeckled Bark, three
long ioi
Leaves hanging one over another on one Stalk, and the Fruit on the
middle of th
Body. After the rainy Seafon is paft in OEioher, then they cut a Hole in
the Bod;
of the Tree, out of which the Gum drops : it hath a pleafant fmell, and
is exceed
ipg good againft the Head-ache occafion'd by Colds.
Not far from hence appears the Valleys Matal^^tngo and Jt^ompain, which
hav
cxccilenrPaftures, in which Diego l>{unne:^de Camargo bred forty
thoufand Sheep ou
pf two in ten years tim?.
And thefe are the chiefeft Towns, Villages, and Countreys, which
iurround th
famous City Mx/'co.
The firft Concerning the ereaing of this City, the Indians relate thus :
That the feveuL
t^hTatrof Family of the Nayatlacas, ExtraAed out of the Countrey J^tlan,
rang'd up an,
"^"'"'^ down not without thoufands of Inconveniences, from one
Countrey to another
according to the Information which their Sages had given their Spirit
Vt^tltj^utU
tillat laft fomeof the Priefts ftraying from the Army, or rather
Multitude,got int.
a Wildernefs, full of Brambles and Thorns, and came at length to a Place
wher
was a Spring of clear Water, in which the FiOics glittered like Silver,
where ta

king up their repofe that Might, their Spirit inform'd the oldeft of
them m
Dream, that they (hould find thereabouts a Tunal Tree (whofe Leaves grow
out o
one another) under which, on a Stone, lay the Heart of the famous
Sorcerer Qo^d
This rumi Tree fliould be difcover'd by a Crane on the top of it, which
in on
Foot fliould hold a Bird, and in the other a Bough of the Tree, near
which the
were to build a City : The old Prieft waking, and relating his Dream,
every on
endeavor'd to find out the fore-mentionM Tree ; at laft they found it,
by difcover
ing on the top a Crane, with fpread-out Wings looking up towards the
Sun, an.
holding in hisClaws afmall Bird, inverted with curious Feathers:
Whereupoi
they with all fpeed built a Chappel of Turf and Clods of Earth, and
cover'd th
fame with Canes, to keep their Idol from the Weather, refolving, fo foon
as the;
could, to build him a better Temple.
The Lake on whofe iHes they fetled, abounded with Fifli and Fowls, which
the;
cxchang'd with the neighboring People for Stone and Mortar for the
building of
Temple for r/;^t//i^t;^/^and anew City to which they made a Cawfey in
the Lak
Lagum, and divided it into four great Wards or Divifions, and fubdivided
ther
again into leffer , over which they plac'd peculiar Idols, and orderM a
Crane hk
that which they hadfeenon the T.../ Tree to be their City Arms. The
dividin
of the Wards occafion'd great diQike amongft the Grandees, judging thofe
to vvhoi
lot they fell, not to be worthy of them ; wherefore delcrting the fame,
and trn
veiling along the LakcL.^.^z., they fetled themfelves at laft in a fandy
Soil, whic
they caird 7lamlklco, and entertain^ a bitter hatred againft their
Countrey^trie
who kept the four Wards of the new rcnuftitnn, doing them all the
mifchiel the
could i whereforethe Affaulted weteneceffitated to chufe a King, that
they migt
be the' better able to oppofe their Enemies : But that they might not
raife a Dil
content amongft themfelves about ele^ing a Governor, they judg d it
fitteft to tak
a Foreigner , amongft whom they found none fo capable of fo great an
Oftce .

P^

l^ggM

'hap. V.

ik

:r5a

A M E%^I C A.

Mmapmli, Grand.fon to- the King of /;.,., whereupon fending

Ambaffadors
thither, they obtain d cheirdefires.
The new King was no fooner Crown'd, but he fettled all things in order
with
great Prudence, inlomuch, that Mexico grew daily to be more famous and
fear'd ;
But this fudden growth rais'd a jealoufie araongft the Neighbors, who
dreaded
their growing Power and Valor.
The Tapunecaus who were alfo a valiant People, being the neareft to them
, and
having Acapu^alco fo. their chief City, made it their main d.fign,
utterly to root
out the K, before they grew to be more Populous and Potent; notwith.
ftanding they had hitherto receiv'd Tribute from them, for delivering
the Lake
Lasuna.o them which was a quantity of Timber and Plants ; yet they
demanded
not only more Tribute than formerly, but alfo in fuch a manner, as was
thought
impoiTible to have been perform'd, which was, that thofe Plants which
were formerly brought to them, as growing on the Land, (hould be fet in the
Water, foas
to come floating to them as they grew, to Jfc.fu^atco, which if they did
not pay,

they (hould exped to be all put to the Sword. The Mexicans much amaz'd
hereat
and not knowing how to produce the demanded Plants , F,ztliput^l.
inform'd the
oldeft Pneft, that the demands might be fatisfi'd, and commanded him to
throw
Earth on the Water, and to Sow Seed on the fame, which at the ufuai time
produc'd
Mai^.J^,, Ckas, Tomates, and the like, with which the Tapunecans bein^
fatisfi'd demand next a Goofe, and a Hen which laid Eggs, out of which
the'young'^nes
fliould ^par when on the floating Clods of Earth, the Nefts came
oppofite to
A^capu^ako which by the adviceofr,^.^,^/,- they perform'd fifty years
one after
another. Meanwhile, Jcamap>.di (who had inlarg d Mexico with Streets,
Palaces,
Temples, and Markets^ dying, would not name any one to fucceed him but
lef
the choice of the Eleftion to the Commonalty, who Crown'd his Son
Vn^UoVuli
and Marry d h.m to the King of tapunecans Daughter, that by that means
they
might gain his friendfliip, and be eas'd of their ftrange Annual Tribute
; Whereupon ./;r%./, the King ofTapuneca.s Daughter being Marry'd to
F,t.,lomli was
within twelve Moneths delivered of a Son', which the GrJnd.fachef
al^'c^V
^^Ipofoca which fignifies^ Gun -^Uch^^es Smoke, and afterwards was
fatisfi'd with
hat ^,f ^'.^"'','^7 f 'V"^'y f^- ''^ ^---^ onely as an
Acknowledgment
ea t'c" :'d K TT ^*-'^f- 'oofing hi. Parents, in his'tenth '
eat was Crown d King, with a Bowe and Arrows in his left Hand, and a
Woodkn Sword in the right : Soon after he oblig'd his Mothers Father to be
kind to the
M.x.., for they being in great want for freft Water, he had leave by
Channel
:o bring the fame out of the Mountain aap.kepec, a League diftant from "
Wkh C^ I ""'': : '''' ^ ''''''''' ^"'' '^" Trees joyn'd toge!
J and h?tftT r! ''' '^'^'' ''" '^'^ P'-P-- being teight'and dura.
>le, and the frefh Water by that means mixing with the Salt.they fent
Lents to ^zapu^alco,ro requeft Stones, Mortar, and Work-men to make MnZsZt
rhis melfage was ill refented by the Council of J^capu^alco Mat (faid
thevTl'
h H rr f ""' "'"'"' ""'" '" '' "'"' ^-^-^ ' This grudge wentToI
dfh he Mwl V ''""'^f '^ ^ On-^eopoca) to forbid all manner of Trade

M Teopk ., which laft being approvM of, fo troubled the King of the
T.pune.
^^ ^ - cans.

l$t

Proceedings
between the
Tapunec^'s
and Menu

%5^

lctth/ fuccek againli

thi tapanecas.

l|i

The Cujoatans utterly

fubdu'd by
TlstatlM.

f^^

A M E %^l C jJ. Chap. V.

cmi that he dy'd of grief; for the Defign being fooii after put into,
execution, and
the'T(>ec/s breaking in the Night into Gmml^oiocai Palace, Murder'd
him;
which Murder made the Umcam thirft for revenge -, whereupon, fetting
themfelves wholly againft the Ta(unecm$, they enter'd into a League with
Vizsuco, and
Culhmc^n, and chofe Izcodt, for his great Valor , for their King ;
notwichftandmg
AcamaMxtli had begotten him on a Slave.

I^coalt was no fooner Crown'd,but he made great preparation for a

War.though
aaainft every ones Opinion, becaufe of the Populoufnefs of the Ta^unecam
; yet u
was concluded on, that they fhould requeft Peace, and a place to inhabit
on the
main Continent, that fo they might remove from the lOes: This Requeft
they
thought could not be deny'd them in A^caf,iz.dco, provided the Mexicans
brought
their Gods thither , and wholly conform'd themfelves to the manners of
the T<./>knecans, for othetwife they could expeft nothing but utter Ruine : Yet
though every one elfe imbrac'd the Propofal, TUcaelM, the King's Nephew, ftiffly
oppos d it,
alleging, that it did not agree with the Mexicans quality, to make fo
mean and Ha.
vifli a Proffer and chat they had beft confider , firft if there were
no other means
to be found : and that he would willingly venture his Life in going to
AzopK^tlco,
as a Spie, to pry into their whole Defigns and Intentions, which was
perform'd accordingly andfoon after returning, he brought information, that the
tafumcam
were making great preparations for War, and made no mention at all of
Peace ;
which news ftruck a general fear into all Peoples Hearts ; many defirmg
that the)
might fave themfelves by flight ; but ^co^lt putting frefli courage into
them mad(
an agreement with the People, that if he was beaten by the Tal>umcans,
they fhouk
eat him up but if he prov'd Conqueror, they fliould all be at his
Command ; t<
which all confenting, they boldly march'd withtheit King to the City
J^rafu^ako
The Front of the Army confifting of the prime Nobility, was led by
TlamM, an<
the Rear I:^codt brought up, who was alfo to give the fign on a Drum,
when the;
fiiould fall upon the Enemies ; who having ten Men to the Mexicms one,
fuddenl:
Sally'd out of the Gates, where they were fo briskly entertain'd by
Ttacaellel, tha
in a confus'd manner they foon ran back into the City, whither the
Conquero
purfuingthem, got withm the Gates, where he put all to the Sword which h
could meet with ; fome fled to a fteep neighboring Mountain , whither
bemg alh
follow'd, they threw down their Arms, and begg'd Quarter, to ferve the
Mexican
as Slaves, which was granted them, whilft hcoak found an unvaluable Mafs
o
Treafure in J;^ca^u^alco, and diftributed the Conquei'd Countrey amongft

thol
who had behav'd themfelves beft. _
This Conqueft made the neighboring People jealous of the Mexicam, whole
Sue
cefs and grov?ing Power they dreaded.
The Towns Tacuba and C-y^can, though they had Governors of their own, y<
were fubjeft to the Tafiumcans, vihok General advifing thofe
oU;^ca(u^nlco to try an
other Encounter, they took up Arms again; but before it came to a
Battel, th
Cuyoacans play'd a fubtile trick with the Mic.,, for inviting them to
an Idolatro^
Feaft, after they had Eat, Drunk, and Danc'd, they fore d them to put on
W<:
mens Apparel, to their no froall difgtace and ignomy ; which remain d
not unre
veng'd for the Mexicans made a Poyfonous Fume in the Gates of
Cuyoacan,v.'hK
made Women with Child to Mifcarry, and many to fall dangeroufiy lick;
yetlall
ly both Parties march'd into the Fields, where whilft 7</t was
elfewhere w
saVd, Tlacaellel marching about, came upon the backs of the Cy^acam with
luc
eagernefs, that thev fled to a ftrong Temple, wl.ich foon after w.is let
on hre t

Ikcaellel, who purfu'd the Enemy ten Leagues,

Tb

mmmm

K*i. J . iiiiiiP umi^rsr

^f^

\ -V.

>i*^

im

r-??3JE5

THB^3 ai

<tJ[ M E%^ I C J.

Chap. V.
This Conqueft fth--d up the S.cln,n.lco., rhe firft Fam.ly of the
naV.dacas to flop
the p.oceedmgs of the Me...., that they ,.ight not, as'they had already
dln!o
others, fall upon them ; to which purpofe tiey thought to r.nriz. th. r
ing At.y bu. TW.^. who led the V^^maL-d ^,o:/oS::f:^ZZ
cW..,fell refolutely upon their whole A|rny,,and after a fl.ort
conflift pu them
to fl.ght, an tookthe City ^., for ^oM, m, being Crown'dtir^t"
Co.nmanded the Conquer-^ to make^ diteivMad %twi^ SuMMco and m2 '
of four i^eagues Jong^ bot , that a Trade^ight the cafier be drove
between^S
t^o Cu.es, and tokp them tJ.e betterin awe : Notwithftanding the^'am
pies, G^to.c..,aC ty bui^t atthe lAcL^u, trufting to the abundfncT^B^r
rlj-^y Hf '^^'^^r ^'-^'^ "^'^-'J to,ftd his y,i,rious Atlf^h
dK, bacM/oppofing thefime, promis'd to fiibdue the Rebelling Cit/with
a confiderable number of Boys, which had:-sk.!l. in t?,e managing of a
ci,o ^h i h
bemg permuted him, he accordingly rade himfelf Mafter^of^cllv I' ^1
whence the Boy. brought a greatBooty, .nd d.vets Prifoners, Zm Z'i^ "
an Offering to r/f;<;<>H/f;5;.. j.^ . vm tney lent as

lTt'^ "ll?""^ ;f;yiaorie.Keinglpre*d far and near, mcyy-iTe^uco after

ftveLtT^'' Co^fli^ with TUcaeUel, tofubmit to the a4.L Ki.g Zo
cho(^ the Governor thereof for his Prim. Golincellor. %o./. De.eafing 7Z
havmg Reign d twelveyears, his Son Muuc^n^a was chofen his SuccelTor !he
E
a.oa and Coronation beih^ perform'd after the following manner. '
The new King mantled in Tygers Skins, was led into the chief Temple
before a
H arth, on which burnt Fire both Night and Day ., not far from which
ftoo h
Throne where fitting dowa,h. Offer'd Blood, which was taken from
hilcheeks
V vr T\f" "'^'^''' ^" O--' Congratulated him, in thrnam^oftc'
Nobdity , which done, they ended the Solemnity in a great Dinner FirWor
and Dancmg : At the fame time it was eftabl^fli'd .ht 11 c ^"' W'orks,
^ould be kept with an Offering of ProviS,'lthUry tt'e Kr;:u^f ^ r
"f the N ?"'' '- :r'T """^^^"^ '"S ' ^^^ C-"-y ci, took f ver ;
Cot,^ rL'loTv S making Hearts he Offefd to r,,r/,4 : Which don J h
froTarthentrb ;"'""""
trom all tlje neighboring Provinces : Thofe which were Tributaries
br U
Ptefents with them, before which the Heralds carry'd the Coats of ArL K
1^
ing to the Nobility of Mrn^, in a good order ^ '^ '*^^^^ f Aims
belong.
t J::rS^dS;d'trr,::s trvif ' f '" rr ""' -'- '"''''
among feveol other PHloners/'rjhlS'c ^'uer ^iS^"'''''
nient. which at firft he refus'd, but at laft acceoted ofl ^^ j ^ ""
high Maft fliould be ereded wi h a S affolSt r ." T^^T"' '^'' '
ruppofe, that M..,Ws Brother ^^^t!^:.^ 2' it;:'^^! 7
and ipaketo the taken Mex.cam which were there Prefent ro this eff.-T-
n ,
fome Flowefs SiSt ;'"I TT T'^'^\'^ ^'^ "" '-" ^-d, but with
which forra.?h a A '" t" u"''' '^'"'' ^'""^'^^ ^^'^'^ ^-^ '''^
Scaffold,
that wX'epiSn? :;'" " f '^ ''^"^''"^^^ "^" ^" the other M.x,W
notonelyS cS: f "" "^'"S after was reveng'd by Aff.c^,, , ,,ho
attempted that ttt^' \"f "^"" ''"^'"'' '"^-g onely T/./c /. un=
*ucmpced, that the Mcx/c^^j miaht have 3 npmhKr^ri^^ t: . r , ^ -

ij^oc nave a neignbormg Enemy to fetch Prilooers

^ ^ 3 ^ from

Tezcuce fubmirs to the

Mexicans,

Coronation

Mutezumas
Brother-taken
Prifoder by
thofe of Chai-

An example
of great Fidelity.

ZJ4-

Defcrintion
of the Temple Cu.

J M E'KI C J.

Chap, V,

from for their Offerings, and alfo by Skirmifliing with them, train up
their Youth

in Martial Difcipline.
Thus his PredecelTors and he, having Conquered divers Provinces,
infomuch
that he v\ras now become abfolute Emperor over a vaft Traa: of Land, he
refolv'd
to fettle the fame in good order ; to which purpofe he ereaed Courts of
Judicature, with good Laws ; built a ftately Palace and Temple ; ordain'd
fevcral Cuftoms to be obferv'd in Religion which done, and having Reign'd twenty
eight
years, he Deceafmg, left Ticocic for his Succeflbr.
The foremention'd Temple was call'd Cu , being built of Stone, in form
like a
Serpent, of an exceeding bignefs, in the middle thereof there was a
fpacious open
place, and roundabout it Habitations, two Stories high, the lowcrmoft
for the
Inferior Priefts, and the uppermoft for the High Priefts^ in this place
alfo above ten
thoufand People Danc'd in a Circle, on all high Feafts; four great Gates
fac'd the
like number of broad Streets, each two Leagues long : On the outmoft
Gate flood
large Images, the Front of black Stones, Painted between each Lay with
red and
yellow Colours, no lefs Beautiful than Artificial: On each corner of the
Temple were plac'd two Marble Statues of Indians , fitting with their Arms
ftretch'd
out, and holding a Candle, and on their Heads Plumes of Feathers :
Thirty high
fteps led up to a round place, fet about with Deaths-Heads, which was a
Stage appointed for the (laughter of thofe,whofe Hearts were to be Offered to
the Diabolical
gods, and whofe Heads, their Bodies being eaten, were brought back to
the Priefts,
who'hung them under the Stage, where every Head hanging till it droppM
off, the
vacant place was immediately fupply'd with a frefh Head. At the end of
the
Stage flood two Chappels, cover'd like a Gr^iW^s.Cap, in one of which
fate th^
Image of rt^dj^ut^lt, and in the other Udoc, to which led a hundred and
twent)
Stone fleps.
But befides this ftately Temple Cu, Mexico boafted nine more, ftanding
not h
afunder in a large Plain, all adorn'd with curious Imagery, and fet out
with larg
Pillars each bein^ Dedicated to a peculiar Idol, and built with
magnificent Apart

mcntf

WBK

Chap. V. ^^ M E%^I C A. ^^^

ments, for the Priefts to lodge in ; the chiefeft of them Dedicated to
an Idol
caird Tci^eadipuca, or Lord of the Humble. This Temple was afcended to
by eighty
ileps, and had before it a fpacious Court ; within a low and broad Gate
appeared
a high Vail, which open'd into a fpacibus fquare Hall, hung with
Tapeftry, at
the end whereof flood large Images , and beyond which were feveral.
Rooms
in which Ailemblies met', Scholars were taught, Judges fate, and Priefts
Refided. _
But to return again to Mutec;^u?nay his Funeral was no fooner finifL'd;,
but the '^'"^"^^m rz^
four Prime Councellors were attended by the Commiflioners of Te^cuco and
Tacu- KSgdomsto

"i.i:,)

Ticocie.

ha, in order to the Eledion of a new King : Tlacaelkl being the chief
amonoft the
Dukes, was by a general Vote Saluted King, as being moft worthy thereof,
for
his fpecial Services Oiown in behalf of the Empire of Mexico : But he
humbly refufing the fame, was defir'd to Nominate another, whereupon he making
choice
o^Ticoctc, Miitec^umas cldcd Son ; the Council immediately bor'd a hole
through
his Nofe, and hung an Emrauld in the fame. But before he received the
Crown

he wasforc'd, according to the Cuftom, to fetch in fome of his Enemies

for an Offering, which though he performed, yet he lofl more Mexicans than he
took Prifoners;, riot without fufficient teftimony of Cowardife j. which being ill
refented by
the People, he was Poyfon d in the fourth year of his Reign, and
fucceeded by his
.Brother Jxayaca, by the appointment ofTkcaeUel-^ who having attain'd to
a great '^^"^'''^'^ ,
Age, and left the Charge of his Children to the new King, departed this
Life, to ''" '"^'
the great forrow and griefofthe whole Empire 5 by the States whereof he
was Bury'd with great Solemnity.
In the mean time, Jxayaca went with a confiderable Army to the remote
Pro- ^'^vi^'^ry ;
yince2e^uahtepek,-to ktch Prifoners to be OfferM at his Coronation 5 and
march- Jjf^r''" '
ing before alone, Challenged his Antagonift, the King, to afingle
Combat, which ^" '
he refus'd, and chofe rather to fall upon Jxayaca with all his Forces 5
whereupon,
the Mexicans cunningly feignM flight, ambufcaded themfelvcs till the
Enemies pur'
fuing them, gave them their defir'd advantage, for ruOiing out of their
Ambufcade,
they fet upon the Teguantepecks, Co diforder'd, that they eaiily put
them to flight'
and had the purfuit of them as far as Guatulco, a noted Haven upon the
South-Sea ;
from whence Axayaca returning Vi^or , received a Crown for a Reward j
yet
notwithftanding thefc Proofs of his Valor, the Lord ofTlatellulco
Challenged him 5
whereupon he fent Agents, thither, with proffers , that fince the
Citizens of T/4tellulco were of one Blood with the Mexicans, whom they deferted upon
the dividing of the Wards and Towns, juft before the Eledion of the fivi}: King
Jcamapixtli,
they fliould, if they pleasM.be received anew into fellowfiiip and
alliance with the
Mexicans, acknowledging one and the fame King for their Supreme Head and
Governor : But the Ambaffadors being fcornM and laugh'd at for their
proffers, returning, related the fame to Jxayaca, who immediately marching thither
to take
revenge, fent part of his Army to fall on the Enemy by Water^ whilil
himfelf
falling upon them by Land, put the Lord of Tiatelklco, with his whole
Army, to '
flight, which was fo clofely purlVd, that they forced their way into the
City with
them, put the Governor to Death, and laid' the Town in Afliesj thofe

which
Wentby Water, having had no lefsfuccefs, ^ .
Jxayaca, after eleven years Reign, Deceaiing, bequeathe his Crown to
Jut^ol ^-noH.c. '
who fought to promote his Eledion by ingaging with the mighty Province
Qua. ""'^'''
xutatlan, whofc Inhabitants, though but a little before, they had been
fo bold as to
demand Tribute of the M.xrc45, yet terrified at the approach oC
Jut:^ol' s hx my,
tied over an J\rm of the Sea, where they had been fecure, had not Jut^ol
invented a
' " ' " ' Fioatirig ' \

IS 6

a M E %1 C A.

Chap. V.

A'AtxpW Gentrotity and

Mrgniiiccnce.

The Lord of ( (
2ejfHfO his
Speech to

floatnia me of Planks, by v^hich he got over his whole Army -, upon

which the
^r^^Aona^maUm .mmed.ately fubmiued chemfelves to the M. who putluingtheirViaory, extended their Dominions to G.fimA over a Traft of
three
hundred Leagues. i j i- nr i
The n^w Kina havingnow fubdu'd all his Enem.es, and made himfelf
glorious
by hisViaories/was alfo ambitious to be as much extoU'd for h.s
Generofity
and Magnificence; to which purpofe he diftributed all the Wealth wh.ch
was

brought unto him from the neighboring Countreys, amongft the Poor and
the Nobility" to the firft he gave Clothes and ProvifionS; to the laft, Plumes
of Feathers
and Aniis. Moreover he caus'd all mean Houfes to be puU'd down and new
ones
to be built in their places. Lafxly, he coniuked how to bring frelh
Water mto
W.vko which was plac'd in a brackifii Soil : Upon this Defign he was fo
bent
that when one of his Sages diffwaded him from it, alledging, lUt the
Water i^ould
hown the Qty, he, in ftead of following his Advice, bamfh'd him h.s
Prelence, and
upon his flying to Q^jaocun, caus'd him to be fetch'd from thence and
Executed.
Then profecuting his Defign, he cut the Ditch before Quyaocun, by vvh.ch
means
areatftore of frefh' Water came flowing into the Lake L<.^h;!, which
the Pneiis
welcom'd with ftrange Ceremonies ; for fomeperfum'd the Water, others
OfFer'd
Quails Bfood, whilft others play 'd on feveral Mufical Inftruments, with
many
other Ceremonies, which are at large defcrib'd >n the ancient Mexkm
Chronicles,
kept in the Vatuan Library at '^ome. But the Prophecy of the Executed
Sorcerer
was in a manner fulfiU'd ; for the Water overwhelm'd a great part of
Mix,co and
divided the City into Ifies: But to prevent farther Mifchief, Autzollc^a
%i Banks
to be rais'd , and Channels digg'd ; and not long after, in the eleventh
Year of his
Reign, he deceased : After which the Unctcm Kingdom tended towards its
period,
as the enfuing Story will declare. ,
Amonaft the Mexican Nobility, Mntexuma, a melancholy Man, yet very
prudent,
who refid'ed in a ftately Apartment near the great Temple C, that there
he might
the better convetfe with nztU^u^tU, was elefted King ; which he no
fooner heard
but fled from hence : but being found out, he was againft his will led
to the Grand
Affembly, and from thence to the holy Hearth,where for an Offering he
drew Blood
out of his Checks, Ears, and Legs ; and, according to an ancient Cuftom
the O^n.
dl of State boring a Hole in his Nofe, hung an Emerauld in the fame ;
after which
the Lord of T./-co faluted him with a Speech ; which (fince it is
mention db>
Jofephi' A<.>., together with feveral other Speeches of Congratulation
to then
KiiL, which were taught to Schollars, to make them expert in their

Language)
it will not be amifs to be annexed here, that of many this one may ferve
for a pattern of the Mexicans Eloquence, which is as foUoweth :
THe great happinefs, moft noble Mutec^um,v^hych is befall'n this Realm
b,
your Eleftion, may eafily be conjeftur'd from the general ,oy, none be
" fides your fdf being able to undergo an Office, in the management
whereof fi
much Prudence is requir'd : It is a moft certain teftimony that God
loves Ato.
"that he hath aiven its Inhabitants unde.ftanding to make fuch a Choice.
Wh<
"can doubt, but that you who have expatiated through the Heavens and cor
" vers'd ^miW^ztUfuztU, may eafily Govern us Mortals on Earth ? Who can
de
" fpair but that the Vcrtue inclos'd within your Breaft, will extend to
the Widow
"and Orphans? Therefore rejoyce, O Mexuo , the Heavens have granted tis
" Prince without Vice; Merciful, and not a Violator of the Laws ; AflabK
' not d-fp.fincT common Converfation. And you, O King, let not this
great Pr<
i- <^ . *< termer

'ys^^rrw'wm

lap. V7

J M E R I C A

'' fermenc occalipn any alteration in your To long known Vertues : The
Crown
" breeds care for the publick good J the troubles thereof muft extend
over the
*' whole Realm_, and every one in the Realm.
Muteczuma having heard out the Speech, would willingly have anfwer'd the
pi^^P^fado",
C' i. ' o J fortheCoiofame, but could not utter a word for Tears, which aufh'd from his Eves.
Before "^"''" ^"^ *
he went out to fetch Prifoners for Offerings at his Coronation, he firft
fetled his
Houfliold Affairs. ^ And whereas till this time the Kings had been
ferv'd in their
Palaces by ordinary Citizens, he took Knights, and the chiefeft of the

Nobility,
intending thereby to make a diftindion between the Nobility and the
common
People , and add more Majefty to the Royal Dignity. This done, Mutec^ma
marching againft a certain rebellious Province, fetch'd a^ conliderable
number of
People to be Offer'd to Vtztt^^uztlu At his Return the Coronation- Day
was appointed, againft which thoufands of People came to Mexico -^ even their
very Ene
mics o^TlafcaUy Mechoacaji, iind TepeacUy which were never conquer'd by
the Mexi^
cans, flock'd thither in great numbers. All thofe Countreys which were
under
Tribute bringing unvaluable Treafures^camc in vaft Multitudes, which To
thronged
the City, that the very tops of the Houfes were fiU'd with Spectators,
no King in
CMexico ever going to the Throne in fuch fplendor ; nor was ever any
King To His Graa-much fear'd by his Subjeds, none of the common People daring to look in
his '^^"'^'
Face J neither did he ever fet Foot on the Ground, but was always
carried in a
Chair on the Shoulders of his prime Nobility ^ he never wore a Suit of
Clothes
but ance, nor ever us'd a Cup or Difli after it was once foul'd j he
ftri<5tly maintained the Laws which he had made, and often went himfelf in aDifguife,
to make
a ftri<5t enquiry after all Affairs whatfoever 5 by which means the
Mexican Power
was now arrived to the higheft top : but, as other Realms, grown topheavy with
good Fortune, turn at laft topfie^turvy, juft fuch a Misfortune befell
Mxico ; but
not without feveral fore^running figns of its deftru(5tion : for in the
City Cholola Theruincof
their God Que^akoalt informed them, that a ftrange People were coming to
take Empire'progpoffeflion of the Mexican Dominions^ and their Soothfayers
prognofticated the fame,
for which Mutec:^uma committed them all to Prifon, and doubtlefs had put
theni all
to death, had not they efcap'd with the help of the Mafter of their
diabolical Art .
and though they efcap'd themfelves, yet their Wives and Children were
all put to
death upon the King's Command : Soon after which appeared a mighty
Comet,
or blazing Starfor a whole year together j the great Temple Cu was fet
on Fire,
and burnt to the Ground none knew how ; the Water which was thrown on
the
fame to quench it, burnt like Brimftone 5 in the Skie appeared three
fiery Heads at
noonday, and out of a long Tail fhot Sparks on the Earth ; the Laguna,

between
Mexico and Texcuco, began to fwell into a Tide, which turn'd fome Houfes
topfieturvy ; a flirill Voice was heard in the Night crying on the Water,
Children, your
mine is at hand 5 whither jhall I carry you that you may not he lojl ^ ^
,
No lefs ftrange is what d' Jcofta relates of a Bird prefented to
Mutec^ma^ not a miraculous
unlike a Crane, which the Fifliermen had taken on the Laguna ; on the
fhining E"<iForehead of which there appeared the refemblanceof two Armies Engag'd,
and one
defeated by the other, and that whilftthe Sages, calFd to interpret the
meaning
hereof, fat in Confultation, the Bird vanifli'd.
Moreover there goes a Tradition, That a Countrey=man being at his Labor,
Another ofa
It,, O f CountryWas taken up by an Eagle, and carried through the Air into a gloomy
Cave, where '^^"
a Man lay faft afleep fnoaring, when on a fiidden he heard a Voice afar
off, faying,
2)o you know thatMml whereupon the Countrey^man taking fpecial notice of
the
dormant

zjS

AMERICA,

New* jf the
arrival cf fhe
the SpaniJIi
Flest.

committed to
Prifon by
Cgrtfjius.

Sarttfiui
marches againft Velaff f j's Party.

dormant Man, knew him, by the Royal Apparel, to be yfutexuma ; after

whicl
the Voice was heard again, faying, How foundly doth he ^eep : the thne
is coming
iphtch proVides f mi figments for many Qr'mus j hum the Snoarer with the
Torch li^hich he hold,
in his Hands, he i^ili ftel y:o pain : Not long after he being informed
hereof, and look=
ing on his Thigh, found the fame burnt, to his no fmall amazement.
Having now poffefs'd the Throne fourteen years^ he received news of i
Fleet, and therewith a Draught of the Men and Veffels painted on Cloth.
Thi;
ftartling him, he immediately advis'd with his Council, who j^idg d it
convenieni
CO fecure the Coaft along the Southern Ocean with ftrong Watches ; yet
neverthe
lefs Ferdinand Cortefms Landed with five hundred Foot and fixty Horfe,
took th<
City Totanchajium, march'd through the Countrey Stcuchimalar to
Tafcalieca, when
they had a fliarp Conflid, in which the Spaniards were in great danger 5
and hac
not they had fix Field-Pieccs with them, which did as much affright as
hurt th(
Indians, they had without doubt been cut off there. In Chiurutecal they
were in a;
much danger ; for certainly the Spanifl? Army had been fet upon in the
Night, hac
not a Woman inform'd them of it.
Mean while Mutec:^ma confulted with his Sorcerers to deftroy Qortefim by
Charms,
who then was marching through Chalcoj whereupon a confiderable number of
Sorcd
rers went thither to the top of a high Mountain, where,as they were
beginning tbeii
.Incantations and Charms, their \Ao\Te:^calipuca appeared to them ' and
in an angr)
manner told them, That Montec:?^uma fliould lofehis Crown and Life ; and
to con^
firm his words, he fliew'd them a dreadful fpeitacle ; for looking
about, they faw
the City in a light flame. This being told to Uutec^uma, he refol v'd to
make himfelf as fecure as he could, and went to meet Cortefim with coftly
Prefents, delivering
him the Crown in the prefence of all his Council ; to which purpofe he
took on(

Marina, experienced in the Cajldtan Tongue, with him for his Interpreter
j all things
then Teeming to end in Friendfliip. But they continued not long in that
ftate fbr Qortefim, whole whole Defign was to bring Mexico under the Spaniards
Subjedion, not long after accus'd Mutec;^uma, thit Coalcopoc a had on his
Commands
ftorm'd the new Spanifi? City Fera Qrux, which he could no way excufe ;
and notwithftanding Mutec-^uma deliver'd him Qoalcopoca, with fifteen of his
Nobles Prifoners, who were all burnt with green Wood ; yet he was committed
Prifoner, to
the great difcontent of the ^Mexicans, who faid, " That they were now
come to a
" finepafs, to be thus fool'd by a few Strangers, who had imprifon'd
their King,
" trampled upon their ancient Images, endeavored to murther them all,
and in de*
"fpite of them brought their mortal Enemies, the Tafcaltecans and
Gua:^u^mgans, in.
" to Mexico,
About this time there were certain Ships come to Fera Crux, wmch was a
new
Port-Town of this Countrey, that the Spaniards had built fince their
coming thither, and had Landed near upon a thoufand Men ; which was an Accident
that had
like to have fpoilM the Defign of Cortefim and all his Company at
Mexico, thefc
Men being fent by James Felajque^, Governor oUuha, cxprefsly againft
Qortefim and
his Men, upon pretence that they had a^ed not conformably to the
GommilTion
which they had receiv'd from him, and gave him no account of their
proceedings ;
which in a great meafure was true '. for it mufi be confefs'd,' that
Cortefm and his
Men finding themlelves to have falTn upon an Adventure that was
certainly rich
and good, and having got fuch footing and intercft in the Countrey
already, by
their Succefs and Viftories, and chiefly by their Confederacy with fo
many of the
Natives and People of the Countrey, revolted to them, did aimofl at
fivft, by a general confent, renounce their CommifTion, and dependency upon Fdafpic^,
and
profefs'c

mmm

Chap. V.

^.t M E%^I C A.

profels'd to ad immediately frotn and for the King of Spahu What

pretences they
hadforfiich a Refolution, feemingly at lead irregular, is not To Well
known. What*
e;ver they were, they proceed in it, and the whole Company (excepting
onely fome
few, who yet went along with the reft) clmCQ Cortefius anew for their
Commander
-in chief, and appoint likewife by common confent, all other Officers of
Juftice
both Civil and Military, among themfelves: and to give the better colour
at Court
to their Proceedings, they fend Tortoconero and Monteioj two of their
Principals into Spai?ij with a rich and noble Prefent to the Emperor, both to make
report of the
State of the Countrey, and to procure immediate Commiflion from his
Majefty, to
proceed ; after which they advance towards Mfx/co, as hath been faid.
FeUfque;^,
being at Cuba, and underftanding their Proceedings, labor'd to intercept
both their
Meifengers and Prefent, but could not 5 and therefore fent ^amphilim
IslnryaeTi with
eleven Ships, and about nine hundred or a thoufand Men to apprehend
fomftm^
and oppofe his Proceedings. This hapned about the time that the
Differences were
but newly calmM betwixt the Spaniards and the People oi Mexico ; and
though it ob*
lig'd Cortefim to leave the City in a wavering and unfetled condition,
yet he took
fuch order, that Mutec^uma ftill remained under the Guard of the
Spaniards as before
aflifted with thoufands of their Friends o^Tla/calla, and he himfelf
takinfr the reft
and fome few Spaniards along with him, with undaunted courage and
refblution
marches againft Narvae:^ : and fuch was his good fortune,that not onely
^aryae^hecame his Prifoner without much biood^flied, but likewife all his Men
joyn'd with
him in his Defign, through the favour of the Chancery or fupream Court
of St, Do*
mingo, and by the procurement of the Licentiat Fafque:^de Jyllo}i,z
Judge of it, who
was fent with KarVae^ to accommodate the Differences. With this Recruit

Cortefius marches back again to Mexico j but at his coming finds things in a
very bad condition J for the Citizens^ gathered together under the Command of one
Quicuxte?oc, had recourfe to Arms, and for three days and three Nights vexM the
Spaniards
with continual Stormings, notwithftanding what^ever Commands they had to
the
contrary from their imprifon'd King, who at laft, looking out of a
Window,
endeavoring to appeafe them, was hurt with a Stone, of which he foon
after died,
as they fay, who would not have the Spaniards thought to have murdered
him, as the
Mexicans fay they did, with divers other Noble-men, and fome of his
Children, the
very Night they fled. However it were, not long after his Death, out of
extream
necelTity, and chiefly for want of Viduals, the Spaftiards were forc'd
to leave the City in thq night-time, and with the lofs of four hundred and fifty of
their Men, who
were either (lain or taken Prifoners at the paffing of a Draw^bridge,
the reft making a heavy Retreat to their Friends at Tlafcalla, There is ftanding at
this day in
Mexico, upon the place where fo many of them were kill'd, a certain
Hermitage
which they call Los Martyres, or The Hermitage of the Martyrs,xhoug\\
but improperly'
if upon that occafion, as one of their own Writers confcffes, though he
alledges no
other reafon.
This Retreat o^ t\\t Spaniards out of Mexico hapned to be upon the tenth
o( July
after mid-night, in the Year 1520. v^Kich the Spaniards zt Mexico call
The Doleful
J>iight. Neverthelefs the undaunted Cortefms being got, though with much
difficulty and trouble, by reafon of the purfuit of the Mexicans for a good
part of the
Way, to his fure Friends oiTlafcalla, neither loft his Courage, nor gave
over his Re^
folution of yet gaining M^^x/co, efpecially the way being now laid open,
and fuf^ficient occafion given by the Death of Mutec^Atna, and the provocations
of the
Mexicans thtm^dwts^to make himfelf abfolute and fole Lord of the Place :
where,
fore having fent for, and procured a competent Supply of freOi Soldiers
from

25^

2 do

^A M E "Kl C A,

Chap. V.

Mexico taken
by the Sfaniards.

Corttz advancd to Ho(Kors.

The grand
Haven j4-

S^nto VGmingo^ or Hi^amoUj Ahnerla^ Cuha^ and other places, being in all
nine hundred Foot, eight hundred Horfe, and ieventeen Pieces of Ordnance; he
joyns him=
fclf with the Auxiliary Forces o^Tlafcallcij which were no lefs than a
hundred thoufand Men, Arm'd with Bowes and Arrows : and with this Army marches again
towards Mexico^ and Beileges it both by Land and Water, Vi:^. with the
help of
thirteen ^ngantims or Galliots, which he had built upon the Lake, and
fix thouiand
Ca?iooSj or little Boats, which his Friends and Confederates had
procur'd him. By
which means, and by his Army on Land, in a fhort time he cut off all
Provifion
from the City^and after a Siege of full three Months or more, and a mod
ftout and
obftinate refifrance made by the People within, in which they are faid
to have loft

above a hundred thoufand Men, befide thofe which perifli'd by Famine ,

Sicknefs,
or otherwife, he took it by Storm upon Tuesday the thirteenth oi Jugujl
1521. Sackt
it firft, and then burnt it to the Ground - yet afterwards he caus'd it
to be Re-buik
again, far more Beautiful than at firfl it was j as in due place we
fhall further fee.
They fpeak not of above fifty Spaniards flain during the whole Siegc^
fix Horfes,
and not many Tlafcaltecans.
In this manner , and with fo little Charges td the Conqueror , there
fell to the
Crown of Spain the richeft and goodlieft Kingdom (one of them) of the
whole
World, yi:^. the Kingdom o( Mexico, which the Conquerors prefently nam'd
Ns^
Spain J and in reference to which name^ the Catholick K^ing hatb ever
finte-ilird himfelf in the plural number Hijj^aniarum%eXj or Kjngofhoth Spains^ and all
By the Va*
lorjPrudence, admirable Reiolution,and happy Condu<^ of Corie;^; who was
at firft
but a private Adventurer in the American Plantations and Difcoveries,
though other,
wife a Gentleman of a good Family in Spain^ born at Medellin in the
Country of
BJlramedura. The Emperor Charles the Fifth, who was alfo then King of
Spain , for
his great Services, cndow'd him defervedly with many great and rich
Territories
in the Provinces of TlafcalUj Mechoacan, and other parts thereabouts,
made him
Marquefs of the Valley, Vt:^. of Guaxata^ (which is his chief Title) a
rich and flourifliing Province of that Countrey, Captain General, or Commander in
Chief, of
all the Military Forces of ISlelp-Spain^ and General Difcoverer of all
the Maritime
parts and Coafts of America towards the South-Sea, ailigning him in
propriety the
twelfth part of whatfoever fhould be difcover'd, to him and his Heirs
for ever ^ but
deny'd him the Government of Mexico out of reafon of State, though 'tis
faid, he
much defir'd it.
Among the famous Havens which lie along the South Sea and Northern
Ocean,
the chiefeft is Jcapulco before-mention'd, whither all Merchandize is
fent to be
tranfported to (^hiiia, which is above two thoufand Leagues diftant from
thence j in
which Voyage they generally fpend fourteen Months; four Sail, each of
eight hundred Tun, appointed for this Tradejgenerally two of them fet Sail to

CIma in Marchy
and returning in Summer, have no fooner drop'd their Anchors, but the
other two
fet out from Jcapulco , from whence the way by Land to Mexico , is
ievcnty two
Leagues over fteep Mountains, dangerous Rocks , and ieveral Rivers ; the
chiefeft
whereof are, firft, Del Tapagayo^ or De /^ (Balja^^ which runs exceeding
ftrong, which
the Indians crofs on bundles of Canes ty'd upon Qjl-labapes : Next San
Francifco,
which though the biggeft, yet hath many fliallow places to wade over.
The MuJlichoes are no fmall Plagues to thole that travel this way, for their
Poyionous Stings
are the occafions of many Ulcerated Wounds, and oft-times Death it felf.
In this way lies alfo the Countrey del Falle , from which Ferdithvid
Cortcfim received the Title of Earl. ^
The

'^Xi|

jfiiiii

<'&

1u..

_" \ i - i n i 7 i u..j esg-

lonai/ail tzj y'oras de

ItUifaJ 3p reras .

T . J'uer/v del ^MantH^s

liiiiiiilMi

6t

\ergiti t
idition.

: ani'
tion'
eatum

1
1
1 }
\

mmaam

Chap. V. ^ M E X^I C A.

The Mouth of the Haven Jcapulco ^2i^cs a full League Nonh and South, and
ivichin exceeding large, hath a nook call'd Boca Grande , where the
Ships Ride fafe
It an Anchor : More Eafterly appears a Land Inlet^, (by the Spaniards
call'd '?uerto
id Marques) fecur'd againft all Winds,- near which is the City o^ San
Diego, to
,vbich belongs a Fort, with fix Bulwarks, lying on a Promontory . the
main of
;he City is one large Street , confiding of fair and ilately Houfes ^
and leadina di:e(5tiy to the Haven j the Church which is of an oblong fquare^ hath a
high Steeple
n the middle.
A T)utch Admiral, one Joris Sflhergen^ after he had done the Spaniards
all the mif>
:hief he could along the South Sea , ran with five Sail under the Fort
Acapulco,
7j\{\c\i fir'd ten Guns at him J whereupon, the Dfc/; Admiral Manning a
Boat,
vith a white Flag, they agreed upon a Ceflation , ^ndtht Spaniards
\vtx\t aboard
)fthe Admiral, to whom ^edro Jhares , stnd Francifco Menendi4^ , having
been a
;onfiderable time in Holla?id, and fpeaking the Language of that
Countrey very
)erfedj promised that all his Demands fliould be fatisfi'd j yet
Sp'dbergen was fuf^
)icious that the Spaniards had a defign upon him, wherefore he came and
lay clofe
mder the Caftle with his five Sail^ and made ready his Guns : But this
fufpicion
vas foon cleared, when Shares and Menendiu prolFer'd to ftay as
Hoftages, till the
Governor of the Town fent the Admiral thirty Oxen^ fifty Sheep, fome
hundreds
>f Poultry, Coals, Oranges, Cittrons, and the like frefL Provifions j as
alfo Wood
,nd Water ; during which time, the Prifoners being fee at liberty,
feveral Perfons
f Quality came to vifit the Admiral , amongfl whom was Captain Cajllllo
j one
hat had ferv'd twenty years in the Loli^-Qountrey Wars j and Melchior
Hernando^ Ne
>hew to the Vice-Roy of ISljip-Spaln , who defirous to fee the Ships
that durft fct
wicc upon (^drlgo de Mendofe, Admiral of the King of Spam s mighty
Fleet, ftood
maz'd that fuch little Frigats durft Ingage with fo many great Spanljh
Ships j and
arry'd the Admiral's Son to the Governor of the Cicy^call'd
GeorgiusTerro, whoci*
illy entertained him : Eight days Spllbergen fpent here at Jcapulco,
admirincr the
ourteous Entertainment of the Spaniards j and the more, becaufe that

having News
lut eight Moneths before of the Dutch Fleet fetting out, they had in
that fiiort time
nade all things ready for refinance , the Fort having feventeen Brafs
Guns, and
our hundred Soldiers, befides many Noblemen and Reformades, whereas at
other
imes there us'd not to be above forty Men, and four Guns in the fame.

Z6t

't ff!

Spilbergtn't
Expedition.

Sect.

Meclioacaii,

nr^j

He next Province of New Spain is the Biflioprick of Mechoacan, which

hath ^'^""'^ ^'^^
on the North-Eait, 'Panuco j on the Eaft, Mexicana, properly fo call'd ;
on of^AM5
the South i^2Ln,Tlafcalla . on the Wefi:, the Main Ocean, or Mare del
Zur .
nd laft of all, more diredly Northward, Xallfco, which is a Province
ofl^ew GaU
cia : The Name fignifieth in the ^mmV^w Language, 2iS much 2ls J Fip?
Countrej ^^
nd fo it is, having many fair Lakes and Rivers in it, abundantly well
ftor'd with
ifli. The Countrey fo exceedingly pleafant and healthful, that 'tis
ufual for fick
^erfons of other Provinces to come hither to recover their healthy only
by the beicfit of a good Air. The Soil Co abundantly fertile of all forts of

Grain, that of
bur meafures of Seed , it hath been often obfervM, they have reap'd the
next Har-^
^eft, more thanfo many hundred meafures of the fame Grain, Very well
Wooded-,
^ndby reafon of its many Rivers and frgOi Springs, equally rich in gool
Pafture :
D d and

%6i

1 1

%\

Languages
belonging to
the JMechoacans.
Tigers.

A M E "R^I C J. Chap. '

and belldes great plenty of Medicinal Herbs and Plants, it affordeth
good ilore
Amber nigh the Sea Coafts, Mulberry-trees^, and coniequently Silks ^
much h
ney, Wax, and divers other Commodities, both for nece/Tuy and pleafure.
T
People of the Countrey are generally tall, of a ftrong adive Body, and a
go
Wit, efpecially in comparifon of other Natives^ not unskilful in divers
curie
Manufactures, the mofl excellent Feather-Pi6tures, afore-mention'd,
being faid
be found in this Province. They leem more generally inclin'd to the

Humors a
Cuftoms of the Spatuards ^ than any other yfmericans ^ and received the
Preachi
o^ Chrijiia?i ^li^ion, when time was, with much willingnefsj fo that the
Count]
is now entirely Chrijtian, and divided into feveral Pariflies.
The Languages which are fpoken in Mechoacan are feveral, as the Otomian,
Chil
inlauj and the Mexicans ^"^hich is common through all JSljiv Spain, and
the Tarafcah
neat and brief Language, w^hich properly belongs to this Countrey.
The Lions and Wilde Dogs of this Countrey devour great numbers of Cat
yearly, yet the greatefl: mifchiefs happen from the Tygers, which often
fetch P
pie out of their Houfes, notwithftanding the Doors are lock'd, for they
break
thorow the Walls and Roofs, with much eagernefs and flrength : Of the
gre
nefs whereof, Jacob 'Bontius tells us this flory. That the Governor
^eter Carpentier
a Trap without the Walls of :B^rdV/rf, of great Timber, Pleited with
Iron, Baiti
it with a Goat j which taking effedr, the Tyger that was caught
therein , impatii
of fuch clofe Imprifonment, rent the Timber, and getting out, left the
Goat i
touched.
Hu^o L'mjchot relates. That the Tygers in the Wefl-lndies hurt no
Spa7iiards, ex
cifing their cruelty onely on Indians -^ and that finding a S/^c^ and 2l
White Man llei
ing together, they devour the 'Black and not the White : How far thefe
affertic
deferve to be credited, may appear by an evident contradidion of the
iirft, fo]
is well known, many Spaniards in the Weft-Indies have been eaten by the
Tygers,
General Fedreman marching in this Countrey at the Head of his Army, was
faulted by a Tyger, which in defpight of them all killing a Spaniard ^
and three
dianSycCca-^d from them j no Trees ferve for a refuge againft their
fury, for th
climb up to the top thereof,and fetch down their Prey; their Claws are
fo exceedi
Venomous, that whoever is fcratch'd with the fame, is never to be cur'dj
there is
Beaft but they will venture upon, wherefore they lie in the Buflies,
from when
they rufli out upon them j but this difadvantage they have , that moft
other Bea
are too nimble Footed for them, for they are a very heavy Creature,
whatever ha
been delivered by the Ancients concerning the Tygers fwiftnefs.

As to the difference which they make in Humane Flefh,it is thus far true
: Tli
they find more fwectnefs in Womens Breads than other parts, and chofe a
(BU
Man before a White : Concerning the firft, France gives a fufficient
teftimon
when two Tygers , in the time of King Lewis the Twelfth , breaking looil
left a great number of Women lying Breaftlefs in the Road. The fccond is
co
firmed by John Johnjhns Relation of a ftrange accident that happen'd in
Benga.
yi;^. A Moor dreaming that a Tyger fetched him out of the Ship , hid
himfclf tl
next Night between Decks, of which the Mafter asking the reafon , was i
form'd concerning his Dream , which prov'd prophetick , for about Midnig
a Tyger leapt into the Ship, and devouring the Moor^ went away without
touc
ing any one of the Hollatiders, of which there were thirty : But a Seaman walkir
on the fhorc efcap'd more wonderfully, for a Tyger fetting upon him.
behind, ar
a Crocrodile before, he leaping from betwixt them , dilcover'd to the
Tyger tl
Crocodile, to whom the Tyger dircdly running, and ingaging with the
Crocodil
fpar

mmm

Squtml$,'n

Foxas^

The B'iid "

Chap. V. ' A M E'B^I C J.

fpw'd the
thefeXy.
gers, the
- becaufe
they lay,

Sea-mans life: Notwithftanding the cruelty and mifchief of

Imbuns are led by their fottidi Superftition to -worfliip them
as
the Devil oftea appears to them in that fhape. ' '

Befides the Tygers, the Inhabitants of jW"/;,i(ca are exceedingly

molefted with

Squernls, which not only carry much Fruit into their Holes, but alfo
under-mine
the Houles,fo that they often fink or fall on one fide,the mifchief
being the worfe
becaufe they increafe daily. Moll of them bear four young at a time
which on the
third day run about for Prey , and can fcarce be taken, becaufe of their
exceeding
Iwiknefs , leapmg a great diftance from one Tree to another ; their
Tails ferve
;hem on divers occafions; for leaping they ufe it like a Wing, and at
their crbffina
Dver a R.ver, for a Sail; in tempeftuous Weather, they flop their holes
therewith
;o keep out the Wind. '
There arc fix feveral forts of thefeSquerrils; the firft call'd mv,
cover them- ^^-'^^
elves with their Tails ; the fecond QuapatM, is as big again, and can
never be '*"
nadc tame ; the third rechallotl, with a bald Tail and great Eycs; the
fourth JaU
Motly, hath a thick Head, and a Tail full of black and white ftreaks .
the fifth Quiutchpatlan , hath a little Head and long Legs , and leaping from one
Tree to an.
.ther, (eems to flie ; the laft fort call'd Y^taaechalotl, is whitilli.
The Foxes do alfo great mifchief here, their Urine fmells fo horribly,
that forty
ays after , none are able to abide near the place where they have urin'd
, and on
.hatloever StufFor Cloth a drop thereof chanceth to light, the ftink can
never be
Tuh d away.
Here breeds alfo a fort of Birds, call'd Mr^ , which are not unlike
Moore:
lens; they flie exceeding high in the Air, feed on nought but ftinking
Carrion
rhich they fcent at a great diftance ; they have a hairy Head and Neck,
and udy
ace : Some of the Fowls of this Countrey ftay here all the year long ,
others go
way, and return at certain times. o> 6
The Natives, fince the Spaniards coming thither, have gotten their
Habits and l"8'r'!' **
tTrFlJ'7'' '" '"" '^"'^" * ''''" ^^"^^' ^''^ft' ^ -^ Cupboards made ' '
""
i S.o/fe-Wood are no way inferior to the beft that are made in Europe.
Paintine
; alfo m great efteem amongft them : They make handfom Clothes, Shooes
and
range Copper Locks. They have a peculiar Art in Tilling their Ground :

They
:ach the Spamfi Dogs feveral tricks , but not feeding them well, they
caufe thein
) run trom them, and turn wilde , whence they are call'd Cimarrma,
becaufe thev
o much hurt to the Cattel. ^
The Inhabitants when a Feaver or Ague is upon them at the higheft, leap
into
.Id Water: againft other Sickneffes they ufe Herbs, whofefoveraign Power
Expe.
ence hath longfince taught them.
Since the Spaniards made Mechoacan a Biflioprick, they have built ninety
four
Af'' ! L 7 " ' ^''"'^ "'P'"'^ ^-"^ ^lyft"^> "'^^bited by FrLfcan
nd Auguflm Monks. ^ .
There are faid to be in this Binioprick a hundred and fifty Towns or
Burroughs
.efides many fcatter'd Villages) moft of which have Free-Schools erefted
in
.em, for the Training up of Youth in the ari/?M Religion, good
Literature and
.rts J and few of them without an Hofpital for the Sick : of which Towns
the
rincipal are as followeth :
,r!;S"^T' '^'^T 1 ''''=^"^'^"' Kings of M./,.... .. p,/,,^;. City Pp
'rtyievenLeaguesd.ftantfromMc<,,onceaBiniop'sSee. 5. ValladoM the Me^'""
opolis or chief City of theProvince, fince the Epifcopal Chair was
remo'v'd from
^jcuar thither. It Ifeth upon a grcu Lake, equal amoft for bignefs to
that of
^ " ^ Mexico.

! I

w^

^^^ a M E%1 C J. Cl^ap. V

' U^.lco, and is about fcven Leagues d.ftnn: fron. P./cr,tov.ards the
^^^^^^^
I , 4 T^x^rn fnrrv Leagues Weftward ot Afex^co, and in the Way to th

S rrt^ r^'in aLad L ,s fo.ewha. dangerous, being not a Hule.n

S: .uh sllge! on boch fides of u. 5./^- ^'^"'F- . 6- ^ C"-^;- '^ ^.^
fventeen Leagues d.ftant from r.//<.<;oW, and a convenient Stage for
Traveller
rgTde'd.liththe twolaftr..ention-d, ^^'-^'^^y ^^ Vtw^o;! ^
Hng-^of the Countrey againft the ^^J-^TCuZ^^^
TowaTdV he Sea there is , . JutUn, but two M.les d.ftant from the
Sea^CoaO
and afm^l Town, yet by reafon of a fafe and very good Harbor wh.ch >t
hath fc
Shipp r a Place Jf no Irttle Trading, a. NatMaJ, another well known an
o^v ft Haven upon M.re M Zur, pertainrng to this Province and from when,
hey ufually let Sail for the fW%m.I(lands. y Sc.Ja^oie u^naSper.j, focal
Ly The ii.^., perhaps from the abundance of good Pearls they found upon
th
Coaft A.Qhma. 5. Zacatu^ and fome others. r- nr r u .-A
This P -ovLe as we faid, was at firft a diftind Kingdom of it felf, yet
fuboi
nnia 4 rZary to that ofVfexico ., the King whereof nam'd T.-,. v. or BM
Tl Leporteth/atthe firft coming of the Sfan^rds thither, afar ^he
Conqueft^
M^ico voluntarily fubmitted himfelf to them, and was Bapt.z d
/^evenhelels
U wads upon a pretence of I know not what Treafon intended by him agair
em ar;d whkh the Sfa.p Writers themfelves profeffedly think to have be,
ilned by rommand of wL^^e Guf.an, Prefidentof the C''-'7 -f ^-;. '
was moft Lumanely burnt alive, and his Kingdom leiz'd upon by the
S^an.ris.
, Sect. III.
Tlafcalla.
THe Biftioprick of TUfcalU, formerly call'd TUfcalteca lU.c^a and tl^
Ian is a Province of N.- Si-.-, which extendetb it felf entirely from
o:
sla to another, vi^. from the ^.te.A to M.. MZur, with vvhich ic
bounded on the Eaft and Weft Parts, lying otherwi e, -//- j^ -f.^X'^
twi the Provinces o^Mcxkana, laft fpoken of.and that of G,mxu which
folio'
"h on taLin, in length from one Sea to the other, not much lefs than an
hu
ile tu s and in fome places fourfcore in breadth; but towards the Sou
tatfowfng much narrower.' It is a Countrey exceedingly plentihil both in
Co
and cltTc full of rich Pafturage. and fo plentifully ftor'd with ^'^.
Wieat a
and (^attei, tuu 01 n ^ V , ,_.,., the Granary of Jmcnca befides De
other Grain, that It IS accounted as It weic the oranaiy -r, ^,,pa /
all manner of Venifon, and great ftore of Fowl. There is ikewife Copp
refs
Jom Silver.Mynes, Mann., Lne, and Liquid Amber, with a fweet fme ling G

wWcdIps out ofaT.ee. The Rivers feed no Fifl., becaufe they fa 1 with
ceedingfoL from the Mountains; onely near To,,..o, js ^ <^P ^ ^ f ^^
Waterf inhabited round about hy Ini.ans, enjoying the P'f "[^ ^"'^ P'^^J
"^
,any C.^.i.-Trees, which yield Cocinnele, producing yearly above two
hm j
thoufand Duckets worth of that Commodity. In this Lake fw.m black Hed,
hoss, whofeFlcniisgoodandwhoUomtoeat..
*. "^ Vhe People of this Countrey , when the S^.n.rds came firft
amongft the,., Ir
li-M- i ,he form of a Common-weakh,or Free.State,rcfufing to be iubjeft
to the K,nj

Situation and
Befcriptian
of Uafcalla.

mmm

hiiSll-

Chap. V. ^ M E%^I C A. 2(J5

IfesicOy wicli whom they had almoft continual War j and upon that
accoiuit, asr
hath been raid,aflifted Cortejius in th.c Conqiiefi: of the
Kingdom,withoLK whofehelp
'tis moil certain he had never been able to do any thing. They enjoy
therefore ma*
ny fpecial Priviledges and Immunities more than other Americans do. They
pay
no Tribute, but onely a handRil of Wheat yearly for every Perion, by way
of acknowledgment,, otherwile living;, under the Prote6tion of the Spaniards,
wholly in
the Form of their ancient Government. Informer times they were great
Maneaters, andnoc onely eat the Flefli of their Enemies, but alfo of one
anotther, infomuch that Man's*flefli hung in publick to be fold.
The River Zahuatl, which ruflies out of the Mountain Xicokucalt,
oftentimes River tioverflows all the Countrcy near it, and walbes away divers Houies.
Zahtiatmi^nifies Scabby Water, becaufeallthofe, efpecially Children, that waOi in
the fame, are
fure to be Scabby. OA its Banks the Spaniards have built many Houfes,

thefafliion
whereof is now alfb imitated by the Indians of this Province, who
formerly buik
quite after another manner j for they made low Houfes of Earth, Wood and
Stone,
with large and flrange Chambers j fome a Stones^caffc one from another,
others
clofe together, had narrow crooked Streets that ran betwixt them.
In this Province are two forts of Languages fpoken, 1;^;^. the Mexican,
and that rufcaHiH^
of the Ottomonsy who formerly deferting SMexico, chofe the Tlafcalkns
for their ^"^*"^^'
Proted:ors : They are a toilfom and painful People.
To the Northward of Tlafcalla are Mountains, which all the year long,
except:
three Moneths, are covcr'd with Mift j and the Woods on the tops of them
are a
great fhelter to Lyons, Tygers, Wolves, and wild Dogs, csiWd Jdi^^es,
and other
wild Beafts, which do much hurt to the fmall Cattel. Here are alfo many
Serpents
and Adders.
I'he whole Province is faid to c^^ntain two hundred good Towns and Burroughs, and more than one thoufand Villages, all of them exceedingly
populous^
and fuppos'd to contain in the whole above a Million and half of
Natives, beiides
Spaniards, who have fome few Colonies in the Countrey for fecuring of
it.
The chief Towns of the Province are i . Tlafcallak felf, which
denominates the towns ^rd
whole Countrey as the Metropolis, and where the Bifliop's See was at
firft, till in ' ^^ *
the Year 1550. it was removM to^uebla de los Mgelos, It is a
fairTown,and commodiouily feated in the midfl: of a large and fertile Champain of
threefcore Miles in
compafs. It confifteth of four large and beautiful Streets or Quarters,
and in the
midft of them where they all meet, hath a fia:^t^ or Market=place, equal
to that
o^ Mexico, and able to receive twenty or thirty thoufand Perfons
conveniently, to
Buy and Sell in it j and whofe Shambles feldom fliew lefs than fifteen
thoufand
Sheep, four thoufand Oxen, and two thoufand Hogs.
2. fuebU de los Angelos, or The Qty of Angels, a Town buik by Sebafiian
%amire;^j
a Church-man, and he that was the firft Prefident, or chief Governor o^
Mexico, under the Crown of G/i/^. It was built in the Year 1531. almoft in the
Road-way

from Vera Crux to Mexico, and feated in a very delicate and fertile
Countrey, and of
a good Air. It is a Bifliop's See, and valu'd at twenty thoufand Vucats
of yearly
Rent, the City it felf fuppos'd to contain about fifteen hundred
Families 5 where
there is abundance of excellent Cloth made, and for finenefs not
yielding to the
beft of Spain. Its chief Edifices are, the Cathedral and four (lately
Gloyfters, be
longing to the Dominicans, Francifcans, Augufiines, znd Capuchins 5 as
alfo a Free-School
for five hundred Indian Children, endow'd by %amire:^ with a yearly
Revenue.
I, ZempoaUan, ieated upon a River of the fame Name.
4. lS{apakca, in the Valley Ocnmba^ ows its original to an Indian called
juan^ who
D d ^ ' at,

ftj

zdd

A M E ^I C A.

Chap. V

ft

Great increafe of
Cjocodiles.

at firfl: had onely one Hoiife, and a Herd of Hogs there , till upon his
invitatior
all the neighboring People came from the tops of the Hills j infomuch,
that in
fliort time, the place was Peopled by thoufands of Families.
5. Guaxachm, all hitherto areat and ancient Towns of the Natives.
6. ScgiiYd de la Frontera^ a Spa?iijh Town, built by Coyte:^ preiently
upon the Coi
queft of Mexico, for the fecuring of the Confines, as the Name
importeth.
7. Vera Crux^ a Town built by Corf^^^and his Companions, at their firft
Lane
in<T ^ and where afterwards, by a Stratagem, and out of a refolution
cither to Cor
quer or Die m the Countrey , he caus'd all his Ships to be burnt, that
his Sold
ers rni^^ht not fo much as think of returning back from whence they
came. TlTov\m was at firft built five or fix Leagues up within Land j but the
place bein
found not to be fo healthful, the Inhabitants in a fliort time deferted
it, and featc
therafelves upon a Bay of the Sea, right over againft S^ 'John D' Ullua.
^. Medeliin, another 5pdw//J? Town, built like wife by Corrf;^,, in
memory of h
own Birth=place, which was Meddlin, a finall Town oi Eftraymdura^ a
Province <
Spain, but was afterwards deftroy'd by fome Spantjl^ Commanders^ out of
malice (
Corte;^.
Laftly^ St. John D' Ulka, a noted, and the moft ufual Port to all
thisProvinc
and like wife to the City o^ Mexico it felf, from the North Sea : but of
difficult ei
trance, efpecially to fuch as are not v^^ell acquainted with the Pafiage
, or wai
Guides, by reafon of certain Rocks and Quickfands, wherewith the Mouth
of tl
Haven is faid to be bar'dj but within, the ftation is more fafe. It hath
likewife t\^
ftrong Bulwarks or Forts rais'd , on either fide of the Entrance one ,
to defend tl
PaiTagej befides a ftrong Caftle, built fince Captain Jo/?w HaipKms
furpris'd twel
Ships richly Laden within the Haven, and thirteen others that arrived
with a ne
Vice-Roy from Spain j valuM at near fixty Tun of Gold , of which he
might eafi
have made Prize, had he not trufted to the Vice=Roys Promife, to give
him all 1
tisfadion he Oiould require^ by which being deceived , he loft all his

Fleet but c\a

Ships.
Between Tlafcala and Los Angelos are the Fountains, out of which the
River ha
its Original, which gliding by Machaocan and Zacatula, falls into the
South Se^
This River is To exceeding full of Crocodiles , that they have made
feveral plac
which formerly were Inhabited on its Banks, utterly defolatej for the
Females la
ing generally Eggs as big as thofe of a Goofe, increafe prodigioufly ;
and were
not that the Indian Mice, cailM Ichneumonesj deftroy'd them, they would
grow fti
to greater numbers: But this Animal creeping in at the Crocodiles Mouth,
ea
his way out of the Belly again -, Water-Serpents, Hawks, 'Bnfeloes, and
efpecial
Tygers, are alfo their mortal Enemies , for they throwing the Crocodiles
on the
Backs, rend open their Bellies : They are more defirous of Mansflefli
here than
any other place, becaufe the River of Tlafcala hath but fmall ftore of
Fifli ; in tl
day time they lie cover'd in the Mud, from whence they rufli forth, and
fet upc
thofe that happen to pafs by them ; they purfue the Ca7ioos in the
Water, and ftril
down the Rowers with their Tails.
Burning Eight Leagucs beyond Tlafcala, appears the Mountain fopatepeck ,
which for t(
fan^T^"' ye^^s ceas'd fmoaking, till ^wzo 1540. it broke forth in fuch a
manner , that tl
Countrey all about was terrifi'd therewith ; for it vomited not onely a
bla(
Smoak, but alfo horrible Flames, which fomctimes being blow'd downwar
burnt the Corn in the Fields, and the Aflies thereof flying as far as
Guaxocif^go at
Qmhla, burnt a great deal of the Town to the Ground ; every one
endeavored 1
flight to fecure themfelves , with intention never to return thither
again j but t
Flan

Mismam

%6j

Rivers of
Mixiccmct.,

Chap. V. ^ AMERICA,
Flame and Smoak abating, Captain Diego de Ordas went up to view the
place
whence the Fire was call: forth which curioficy and prefiimption of
his, had like'
to have coft him his Life, for the fulphury Smoak breaking forth on a
fudden, had
alrnofl ftifled him.
Moreover, the Biflioprick of Tlafcaia, is on'the North Coaft wafli'd by
the River
(Papoioava, fince callM Aharado, from a Spanifi Commander, who firft
Steer'd his
Courfe thither : The next Stream nam'd l^ander^^ is fo called, becaufe
the Natives
held white Clothes on Poles, to invite the Spaniards afliore. The third
is Almeria on
which, Cortefuis, a year after the taking oi Mexico, built the Town
Medellm, as aforemenrion'd.
Along the riafcallan fliore, wafli'd by the Northern Ocean, lie the
liles manca
Verde, and S^urtficios : The firft receiv'd its denomination from White
Land, the other
from Green Trees and the third, becaufe Joan de Greyahe, who firft
DifcoverM Nem
Spain, Landing on this Ifland, found a Bloody Altar there, with
Sacrificed People
with opened Brefts, chopt off Arms and Legs.
The River Jmeria falling into the Ocean oppofite to the Sacrificios, the
Spanijh
Ships came often to an Aiichor there j but in thefe latter times, they
have forlaken
the fame, becaufe the Northern Winds us'd to blow very hard againft the
fiiore
and fpoil'd many VeiTels : But Henry Hawks gives this reafon, That a
dreadful apparition of Spirits frighted the Spaniards from thence.
In the Biflioprick Tlafcaia, is alfo compriz'd the Province Tepeaca,
whofe Metro- ^heProvinct
polis was built by Corte^, when with great Lofs he was fenc from
Jlmeria, The '^^'""
Soil thereabouts is barren and ftony^ the Water which they have in the

City is
brought in Pipes from a River which flows out of the Mountains into the
Market
place. The plain Countrey hath many good Paftures. The Inhabitants
thereof
fpeak four forts of Languages j of which, the commoneft is the Mexican^
others
ufe the Topolucan or Qtoman Tongues, '
The Village 4>oxc^ appears afar off on a high Mountain, on whofe top
is a ''^^''""''^
Lake of a hundred and fifty Fathom in circumference 5 the Water whereof
is very
cold, and of a bluiOi Colour , and neither Ebbs nor Flows, to which the
Villagers
climb along a narrow Path.
Not far from thence, in the Plain, are two other very deep Lakes : The
firfl
cilVd riacae, is a League in circumference, and breeds delicate white
Fifli, not
above a Fingers length : The fecond nam'd Jlchuhican, about the fame
biancfs
which in flormy Weather is very turbulent. ^ '
Amongft the Fowls of this Countrey , the moR- noted is a little Summer
Bird ^-^s ro
with a long crooked Tail, fpeckled Feathers , feeds on nothing but
Flowers and '''"'
the Dew . about Harveft time, when the Rain ceafes, it hangs faft with
its Bill on
a Tree, and as foon as the firft Rain falls, it revives again.
^ In this Countrey tepeacazrc five Villages, in each of which is
zFrancifcan Cloy.
Iter and convenient Hofpital.
In this Cpountrey they gather the Water in the time of the Rainy
Moneths, in a
Jigg d Pool which every Morning produces little Toads with long Tails
which
n tew days fall offj but thefe little ones growing to be great,make a
moft dreadful
loife in the Night : From OEiober till March, not one drop of Rain falls
in this
^ountrey ; durmg which time, the Northern Winds make a dry and wholfome
fin, yet oftentimes a tempeftuous Sea, to the lofs of many Ships.
Farther up into the Countrey, between Fera Crux and Los Jngelos, lies
the ViU
age i^mcoW.. and alfo X./.^^
t Vood of Cedar and Pine-Trees, inhabited by the Spaniards, for the
accommoda
cing

'^

162

J M E'KI C J.

Chap. "V

Situation and
Befcription diGusxata.

Divilian.'

Languages.'

Poifonous
Herb.

tins of Travellers : To which purpofe there are likewife Inns built near
tl
Spring hmite de Ot;;iimba, which gufhes out of a high Rock.
Not far from hence is the Populous Village Chetula, where a fmall number
c

Sbaniards dwell amongft thoufands oi Indians , who chiefly make ufe of

Mules to cai
ry their Loads.
Sect. IV.
Guaxata.
ptween Los Jngclos and Guatemala^ lies the Bifhoprick o Mtlquera or
Guaxal
largely taken j it hath on the North, the Bay o^ JMexko-, on the
South,Mkj
del Zur-j on the Eaft , Jucatan and Chtnpa which is one of the Provinces
c
Guatimala-^ on the Weft, T/^c^/A?.
The Countrey extendeth it felf upon the South Sea about an hundred
Leagut
in length, but from the Sea to the Borders of Tlafcalluy one hundred and
twenty
Eaftward not above half fo much; having a good Air, and a Soil no lefs
fruitfu
efpecially in Mulberry^Trees , and abundance of Silks , which the
Countre
affordeth , more than any other Province of Merica befides ; nor is it
lefs ric
in Mines of Gold and Silver , there being fcarce a River in the whole
Countre;;
but tKe Sands of it are faid to be Tindur'd more or lefs with that
yellow Metal
aifo Cryftal and Coppercfs. It yieldeth likewife great plenty oiCafia
and Coch'md
two rich Commodities ; and the People generally, if they would take
pains, migl
be the wealthieft, 'tis thought, of any other in Jmerka : But whether it
be throug
any voluntary contempt of Riches, or through any natural floathfulnefs,
as y(
f:h,eyfeem to Pine in the midil of plenty, living, for the moft part of
them, litt
better than from Hand to Mouth ; neverthelefs, exceeding liberal of what
the
have, efpecially to fuch as bear the Habit of Religion, and attend the
fervice <
their Souls ^ maintaining in a plentiful and good manner, as 'tis faid,
no lefs tha
one hundred and twenty Convents of Religious Men, of feveral Orders, in
th
onely Province; befidcs Hofpitals, Schools for the training up of Youth,
and c
ther places of publick Charity ; it is faid alfo to have three hundred
and fifty Vi
lages,and near as many brave Countrey Houfes. It is fub.divided into
many part
cular Provinces J which, becaufe they are many and but fmall, in
compariion c

fome other, we may call Wapentakes, or Hundreds, rather than Provinces :

Tt
principal whereof are thefe that follow, ^i;<.. i . Utfteca, 2.
Tutepecmie. 3 . Zapotec,
4. Gua^acoalcQ, 5. Gue^taxatla : and 6. the Valley of Guaxata, from
whence Corte^.a..
terthsConqueftofiV^x/co, had his Title given him by the Emperor,
Uarque/s <
the Valley. It is the richeft and moft pleafant part of the whole
Province, extende
in a continued Trad together, full fixteen Leagues or more, lying about
fourfcoi
Southward of Mxko,and wanting neither Mines of Gold and Silver, nor any
oth(
of the prime and beft Commodities of the Ke'^World.
In this Countrey they Ipeak thirteen forts of Languages, of which the
liexkan
moft us'd.
Amongft the Plants which grow here, is an exceeding Poyfonous Herb, whi(
kills thofe whofoe're pluck it, though a long time after, that is to
fay, if it be of
Years growth, it kills not before the Years end 5 if a Moneth old, at
the Monet!
end; if a Day, on the lame.
This Countrey formerly fuffer'd alfo many inconveniencies by Eauhquake
but of late they are fomewhat abated, which the Spaniards afcribe to
Uartialts, Pr
te<!^or of the Cathedral at ^/if^^jHm/.

'M

ii^ggmgi^

Ghap. V. ^ ^ M ET^I C A.
JVf//?iT4 is divided into ^/f^ and B^x^, both of which have Rivers and
Brooks
that afford Gold, whither the hd'ian Women taking Provifions, go for
feveral'days,
and gather Gold in Troughs, which they exchange at the S^amjl) Markets
for
Provifions.
Not far from the Village Cuertlayaca, lies a high Mountain, remarkable
for a
ftrange Cave, whofe Entrance is very narrow, at the end whereof appears
a fquare

Place of fifty Foot upon one fide whereof ftand Pits with Steps ;
near which begins .a crooked Way of a League long j at the end of which is a fpacious
Place
with a Fountain of good Water j from the Foot of which flows a fmall
Brook :
But becaufe none have made any farther difcovery of this Cave, the other
parts of
it remain yet unknown.
On the top of St, Antonio, the Indians live with their Families in Caves
between
the Rocks.
Not far from hence appear two Mountains, whofe tops, though they lie at
a
great diftancc from one another, at the bottom they are fo near, that a
Man may
ftep from one to the other.
The fix Rocks Tennoles, formerly Garrifon'd by the Kings of Mexico, have
Gold,
Lead-Mynes, and a Root which is us'd in ftead of Soap,
In the Yilh^tTotomachiapo, is a Cave of half a Mile long, at the end
whereof the
Water prevents a farther difcovery.
The Rocky Countrey Zapoteca6 formerly bred very falvage Inhabitants,
Mantled
in Furrs, but now Civiliz'd, clad after the common manner.
The People fpreadover Guaxacualco, Tkta., and Cue:^xatla, obferve
Circumcifion,
according to an ancient Cuftom -, from whence fome have in vain fought
for a teftimony, that thefe Americans fliould be originally extraded from the
fcatter'd
Tribes ot Ifrael - but the Tartars more immediately, who at laft
croffingthe Straits
ofjnian, furnifh'd the defolate Countrey of America \Nnh Inhabitants :
But this
Opinion is without any probability of truth ; for it will never follow
from theit
Circumcifion, that the Tartars, the greatefi: People on Earth, mufl owe
their original to a few Ifraelites, Prifoners, fince that Ceremony was never
thought on by
them till they embraced the Mahumetan Religion. And though they had been
Circumcis'd before Mahomet's time, this would be no teftimony that they
were extraded from the Ifraelites : for how many People embraced Circumcifion,
which
were never extraded from J^r^/;^ws Seed ? It is affirmed by D/o^en^
5/c/^/^, that
the Chokhians '^ by Thilo Jud^n^, the Egyptians -^ by Herodotus, the

Moors ; by Straho,
the Troglodytes ; by Cyprian, the fhmucians and Arahians CircumcisM
themfelves from
all Antiquity, which is to this day obferv'd by fome of them. It alfo
plainly ap*
pears by the "^to^het Jeremiah, that the Egyptians, Edomites,
.Ammonites, Moahites, and
i/^wde/ifei, had the fame Cuftom anciently amongfi: them.
The Towns of principal note inhabited by the Spaniards in this Province,
are
I. Jntequera, in the Valley aforefaid, a ftately City, and beautified
with a fair Ca
thedral Church, built with Pillars of the fined Marble, of great heighth
and
bignefs. The River which glides by the Walls, fpringing out of the
Ground, runs
to the Mountain Coatlan. Not far from thence lies the Village Herrera,
which boafts
four hundred Spanif? Families, though fome fay that the greatefi: part
of trhem are
India?is, who pay the Spaniards Cotton Cloaks and Nuts for Tribute.
2, IllephonfodelosZapotecas, Iks on a Mountain belonging to the Mixes,
anciently
i falvage, flrong, and long.bearded People, who fpeak a grofs Language,
and itl
Former times went naked, onely a white Deer-skin, Tann'd in Man's
Brains, about
;heir Middle. Thiy maincain'd cdntidual War agaioft- the Zapoteca^, and
could

i6^

strange Cavfe

Amtrkanf,
whether Ex-^ '
traced froni
the ten
Tribes of tfraeh

Towris and
chiefVillages
of Guaxacd^

fieyer

31

27 O

I'i':

AMERICA. Chap. V,
never have been fubdu'd by the Spaniards, had it not been for their
Dogs, whid
kept rhem in fuch awe, that thirty Spamjl^ Soldiers venturM to live in
IllephonJ
amonaft thirty thoufand Mixes^ who now drive a Trade in Cotton, Mai;^ej
an(
Gold. : .
3. Sanjagode Nexapi appears at a great diftance on a high Mountain,
where al
fo twenty Soldiers with their Dogs were wont to awe the cruel Natives.
4. The laft Place, built by Gon;^ales de Saiido^^all, Anno \)iz, is
Villa del E^'mtt
Santo, Commands fifty Indian Villages, which with great difficulty were
brough'
to fubmit to the Spaniards,
The River ^^w/>ico/co affords a convenient Harbor, the Mouth thereof
being J
hundred and ninety Paces broad.

Upon the Southern Ocean is the Haven Guatulco, where the Ships that Sail
tc
Bondura^ and feru take in their Lading. The Cuftom-houfe belonging to
this Plaa
was firft plundered by Sir Vrancu Drake, and nine years after burnt by
Qand'tjh,
The River Ometipu, which fpringing out of the Mountain Cacatepec, falls
into Te
foanteciue, abounds with divers forts of good Fifli,efpecially CraFifli. There arcal
To reckoned of the Natives of this Province, no lefs than fifteen
thoufand Perfon;
that pay Tribute to the Spaniards, befides Women and Children, and alfo
a greai
number of Spaniards*
S E C T. V.
Panuco.

lunds and
D^fcri prion
>f funHft.

Conqueft of
it difificult.

Barbarous
Cuftoms of
the Peaplc,

PMuco is the moft Northerly Province o^ l^ew Spain, by fomc call'd

Cuajleca
bounded on the Eaft with the Gulf of Mexico -, on the Weft with Uxitipa,
j
Countrey of NelJ' Gallicia ; on the North with fome
undifcover'dCountrcy:
of F/onJ^, from which it is divided by the (^^>er of f alms -^ on the
South with Me
choacan^ndMexicana. It is call'd (P^n^co, from a River of that Name,
which turn
ing from the Mountains Tepecfuan in ]Slelt> Gallicia, and dividing Ney\^
^ifcay hon
the Province ofZacateca^, paffeth through the midft of this Countrey
alfo, and ai
laft empties it felf into the Gulf.

This Countrey is reckoned to be about fifty Leagues in length,

andnotmucfi
lefs in breadth ; of a fruitful Soil, having fome Mynes of Gold in it,
and once ver)
populous till the Spatiiards, about the Year 1522. difpeopled it by
their infatiabh
cruelty.
Behove Ferdinand Corteftus, Francis de G^r^;/ attempted to Conquer this
Province,
but after much pains to no purpofe, he return'd with but a fmall remnant
of thofc
he carried with him J and though Cortefius fubdu'd the Countreys
Jyotetextetlatai
and Chila, yet it was not without many confidcrable Lofles ; for the
Inhabitant!
being valiant and cruel, not fearing the Spantf? Bullets, ran in amongft
them, and
made great flaughter, and (according to an old Cuftom in New Spat?t)
drank theii
Blood.
Thefe People, on their Feftival Days call'd (I{aeaxipo Veli^tli, which
fignifies i
flayin^of Slaves, usd to pull off the Skins of a certain number of
Slaves, with whici
they walkt about begging Alms from Hut to Hut, and whofoever deny'd them
was fure of a Blow in the Face with the bloody Skin j of which fo long
as ther;
was but one Lappet remaining, they went a Begging ; and whatfoever they
got
was cmploy'd in Ufes and NecelTaries belonging to their Idolatry. On the
fore
mentioned Days rhey alio us'd other barbarous Cuftoms, amongft which
this wa
one

Gbap. V.

A M E R I C J.

zji

,ne : The Prieft challenging the Slave which was to be OfFer'd, to Fight
for his
..fe he had one of his Feet ty'd to a great round Stone, and having a
Sword to
>ffend and a Shield to defend hi,felf, Encountred with the Prieft, who
was Arm'd
71 vt' ""'"r"' "T ""^ *^ ^' -^onquer'd, he not onely preferv'd his
Life, but
;aind the Name of a valiant Man.
doTs'T/l'rtv'^""^''^.?? ^"?"^ ''^^ ""^ y"^'y ^ ^^ Offer-d to their
s....
dols for after having walh d them, they put on them the Clothes of the
Idol, and "- '"^*^
;ave them the fame Name, every one honouring them as a God ; were
permit^
ed to walk up and down but guarded by twelve Men, that they might not
fcape,forthenthechiefeftoftheGuardwastofupply theothers place:Ve
ver, they refided in the. chiefeft Apartments of the Temple, eat of the
beft
.ere ^erv d like Princes and attended through the Towns by Perfons of
the
reateft Quality who led them through the Streets ^ where they no fooner
pla/d
n a little Pipe but al People came running to them, fell at their Feet
and wornp d them . In the Night they lock'd them up in a Cage, fecur'd with
Iron Bars '
ad at the appointed time flay 'd them alive.
The chief Towns now remaining, and inhabited by the Spaniards, zr^ i. &.
i,,,^ , ^
T.,nfKe, a Colony of Spaniards fituate on the Northern Bank of the
River <PanLo ^^
: the very Mouth of it; where it hath a very large Haven, but fo barr'd
with
nds, that no Ship of any great Burden can enter or abide in it with
fafety and
-t the River otherwife lo deep, that VelTels of five hundred Tun, might
slil ud
>reefcoi. Leagues at leaft within Land, and thereby vifit the rich Mynes
of 2 J
aToTmu'ch" o f ' ^"' ''^^"' ^^"^ " ^'= ^'^^^' ^ P'^^"-' -^^ -"hJ^
ar or much oppoiition.
om tt tT^fcTl'^^ '^' '""'^ ^''^^'^= fame River, eight Leaguesdiftant
ovince 11 K r "T '' P"*^"' '^' ^"^P1'= "^ "l^'^f Town of the
e^Metropolis, or Head Town of the Natives, before the Spa.Ms burnt and
dc

^i'

warn

tl M E "KI CJ.

Chap. V

Miles FhiHps
hi: Voyage.

Chilton
Jyuinal.

! I

^^

7. St.Ja^o de Ids VdllcSj which is a Fronteer Place, and enjoyecK

certain fpccial
Immunities, and fo me fair Pofle/Tions alfo for defence of the Countrey
againil: th(
Salvages. It is twenty fiv^' Leagues diflant from St. Stefan del Puerto
^ lying in ar
open or Champain Gountrey, and is fenc'd about with a Wall of Earth.
Miles fhtli^lj''2Ln EtigUJJmauj put afhore by Captain John Hal; kms, in
the Bay o
]S[ew 6>7m,^?wo 1568. fuffer'd great hardfliip before Ive came
to,,'Pd7;fico, frpmwhenc<
returning, h'e'rhade mention of a City lying along a Rivet of the fame
denomina
tion (which is there not above two Bowc flioots-brpad,) in a pleafant
Countrey
containing two hundred 5pdi//? Families,be(ide theantient Inhabitants

and l^cgro's
which all drive a great Trade in Salt, which is ma'de in Pans Weft ward
from th
River : Wili^s travelling from ^dmuo toMexicr^ faw by the way the
Villages 2v(o
hete^ hy t\it S^dnlards c2l\V^ Santa Maria^ and a Clipfth' of white
Monks : Next h
view'd Meflitlan, where fome grey Mbw^i had a Houfe, and the Town
^uchuen.
Another account of 'this Province is taken from a Journal kept by John
Chilton
four years after .!P/;i//p5's Voyage ; he having a Spaniard for his
Convoy, left Mexico v
find out fanuco'^ in three days time they reached the City Meflitlan ,
where he ob
ferv'd, that tw dv c Spanifi J^^ilks liv'd amongft thirty thoufand
Indians, The Ci
ty built on a high Mo^g|K full of Woods, is (urrounded with Villages,
throug
which run many braVe^^fiSpT; and the Air about them is no lefs wholfom
tha
the Ground fruitful j thrtff|hways are fhaded with all forts of
Fruit*Trees.
The Village Clanchinokepec, four times more Populous than Meflitlan^
belongs t
a Spanifl? Nobleirian, who built a Cloyfter there for nine Augufim
Monks, of whic
Order there alfo refide twelve in the City Guaxutla,
Moreover, they traveled over the plain Countrey Gudflecdu, to the
Village Ta:
cuylaho, inhabited by a tall People, with blue Painted Bodies, and
Pleited Hai
hanging down to their Knees , going ftark naked, but never without a
Bowe an
Arrow. They efteem nothing more than Salt , as being tbcjonely Cure
again
certain Worms that grow between their Lips. From hence they travel'd to
Tan
pice, in, which Journey they fpent nine days ^ and coming thither, were
inform'(
that of forty Chriftians which dwelt in the fame, the Indians had flain
twelve, whil
they were gathering of Salt. From hence they came to ^a?iud'Q\xhcn in a
manner d
ferted, becaufe of the Indians opprcfTing the Spaniards, of wHich^ at
that time, the;

were^but ten, and one Prieft. Chilton falling fick here, refolv'd
neverthelels 1
change that unwholfom Air and barren place for a better ; to which
purpofe, ge
ting a HorfC;, he took an Indian behind him for his Guide, but loofing
his way in
thick Wood, happen'd amongft a Company of wild People, which dwelt in
Stra
Huts, twenty of them immediately furrounding him, brought him fome cle;
fweet Water to drink, out of a Gilt T^wVe Glafs, which having drunk, two
nak(
Men led him into the high=-way ; which ended at the Gate of the WalTd
City San
"jago de lasValksj inhabited by twenty five SpaJuJJi Families, who
inform'd Chilton 1
the great danger which he had been in , for the People which gave him
the Wat
were Man-eaters, who not longfince, had burnt an Augnfline Cloyfter,
built on
Mountain, had taken away, and eat the People, of which they had in all
likelyhoc
gotten the Venice Glafs ; and had they not obferv'd Chilton to be
fickly, he had wit
out doubt been eaten by them, and his Skin, with fome of his Hair,
( that bein^
great Ornament amongft them) been hung about their middle.
During Chilton's ftay in St.JagOj Frans de Tage came thither with forty
Soldie
from the Vice-Roy He?iry Manriqucs, and took five hundred Indians, good
BoweM
out of the Neighboring Villages^ Tanehipa a,nd Tamcclipa, with which he
dcfign'd
go to the Silver }Amt^7iiZacatcai4 : Chilton joyning V7ith this Company
^came to t
gre

Chap. V. ^^ M E X_^ I C J.

great River De l^ Talm^, which feparates Ne^v Spamfrom Florida^ where

thev fpent
three days in vain, feeking to find a paffage over ^ wherefore they at
laft took pieces of Timber, which joyning togcther,and Handing upon, they were TowM
over
by Swimming IW/^;2i; being gotten on the other fide, they MarchM over
fteep
Mountains, and thick Wildernefl'es, and came at lad to Zacateca^, on
whofe Silver
Mines, the richefl in 2.11 America, work'd above three hnn^x^di S^ankrds
daily;/'
ftSect. VI.
i'
Tabafco.
He laft Countrey belonging to ISlel^ Spain is Taha/co, bounded on the
North
by the Northern Ocean, and on the Eaft with Jucatan ^^ and however
fome account it a diftind Province, yet others make no mention of it,
letting it p'afs for that part oJucatan which lies about the City Tahafco,
from which
it feems to be denominated : The Ground level and without Mountains,
hath
many great Woods of Cedar-Trees, ^rafile, and others. Here are alfo many
good
Indian Fruits, as the Manmeyes, Zapotes, J^uacates, and Guajahos. For
three Moneths
they have continually dry Weather, the reft of the year being for the
moft part
rainy J which viciffitude of Moifture and Heat makes the Countrey
exceeding
fruitful, infomuch that they have three or four Harvefts ofMai^ in a
year.
Vines, Figs, Lemmons, Oranges, Rice, Barley, and all forts of
Garden.Herbs
grow here alfo in great plenty. ,
The Pbols, Brooks and Lakes, abound likewife with all manner of Fifli :
and
for SeaFiOi, befides the Tortu^as^and Tguanras, the Manae^ot Su-Cow, is
of principal
note. . ^ ^
This FiOi is terrible to behold, having a Head like an Ox, little Eyes,
two
Feet near the Head in ftead of Fins, two round Holes in ftead of Ears,
round
bones like Balls in its Brains, a fliort Tail, and briftly Skin : The

Females have
:wo Dugs, with which they fuckle their Young.
Peacocks, Pheafants, Parrots, Quales, Hens, Pigeons, with feveral forts
of Birds
ikogether unknown to the Europeans, are here in great abundance.
The Woods alfo abound with Tygers and Lyons-, which do no little hurt to
the
nhabitants. Wild Hogs, Deer, and Rabbets, are likewife here in great
plenty .
md Turtles of an exceeding bignefs ; Likewife Apes, Polecats, and
Squerrils^
vhich do very much hurt to the Fruit-Trees," cfpecially the Cacao. The
Mufticho's^
ire a great annoyance to the People, and difturb their reft at Night...
^:; ;/; .- :^" '
Since the Spa?mrds have conqutr'd Tahafco, they have foix d^'the
Inhabitaritsto
)bferve their Laws and Cuftoms. They fpeak three forts of Languages,
amongft
vhich that moft us'd, call'd [hontahis copious of Words, The fecoad,
Zaques, is
poken on the Mountains which divide Chiapa and fahafco. The Mexican
Tongue
vas firft brought thither by the Garrifons which Mutec^uma plac'd there
m the
'orts Ztmatlan and Xtcalango, andis the moft fpoken, in regard it hath
not onely its
Urcents, but IS alfo of great ufe, partly becaufe it is underftood in
moft places of
W4 and partly becaufe the Priefts have made Songs in that Tongue, with
7hich the Tahafcans are much delighted.
The chief City Uoftra Sennora de la K/rfom, already mentioned in
Jucatan, was fo
^ndhyFerdmandConefius, from the great Vi^ory which he obtain'd over the
tdians when he niarch'd firft towards Mexico,
Thus far of the Defcription of the feveralParcs and Divifions of 2sfn>
Spain, dif^

27'

Boun.d5 anij
Defcn prion
of TtibnUu,

itaU,

Biidffi

Beafisi

Langu?.gfs
of the Natives.

.1
'I
1 "!'

^74-

<iJ M E'Kl C A.

Chap. \

1 1

ferlncT in Cuaoms and Languages, though moil of them have fome affinity
wit
the Mexicans, who by force of Arms had made a way to the fupream Empire.
A
of them acknowledge a Creator, but have no Name to exprefs the Word God.
Bi
befides the Creator of the World they ha ve made to themfelves Gods of
many oth(
Creatures amongft which are the Sun, Moon, Stars, and the Manes of the
D.
ceafed the'care of whofe Burial they committed to the Priefts, which was
fomi

times in the Fields, fometimes in their Houfes ^ others carried their

dead Bodi<
to the Mountains, fome buried them in Temples and as they cither burnt
or hx
ried the Body, fo they buried or burnt their Clothes and Riches with
them, efpi
cially of Perfons of Quality, whilft thofe that accompanied the Corps
fung
mournful Song, after which they Feafted. The Heirs of Noble-men that had
been j
the Funeral put'themfelves all into Mourning. APerfon.after he isdead,is
flretch^
out upon the Floor, where he lies till all his Friends come to Prefent
and Con
plement him, as if living : But at the death of an eminent Perfon they
not onel
bring him Prefents, but proffer him his Slaves, Steward, Butlers,
Dwarfs, an
Houfhold Prieft, (all which a Lord muft keep) that they may ferve him in
theothc
World. The Priefts which perform'd the Funeral Ceremonies, walk'd before
tl
Corps with the Image of the Idol which the Deceafed had appropriated to
hin
felf (for every Lord, according to the^greatnefs of his Quality, bore
the Nan
and Apparel of fome Idol or another-) other Priefts beat on Drums,
play'd on Pipi
and ringing Dirges, perfum'd the Way with Myrrh, whileft the Servants
and R
lations made a doleful cry, a Herauld alfo carried the Coat of Arms and
Tr(
phies of the Deceafed,artificially painted on Cloth ; at laft they pyl'd
fweet Woo
about the Corps, which being lighted, and the Body burnt to Aflies, a
Pneft in
frightful Drefs,Vizarded with a gaping Mouth, long Teeth, and fiery
Eyes, cam
ona fuddcn. and with a long Stick ftirr'd the AOies about, and gathering
it in a
Urn, buried the fame with the fore-mentionM things.
The Idols in l>{eiv S(m are reprefented in terrible Figures, to which
they Off
humane Sacrifices.

ttiiaillHi

mmmmmimimm

Chap. V. ^ J M E R I C A

The P^riefls, divided into higher or lower Orders, acknowledge a fupream

Head, which they call Tapa^, , Each Idol had a peculiar fort of
Priefts : Thofe that
ki\'iVi^tlipu^'t, obtained their Places by Inheritance; but others were
chofe by
the Commonalty, unlefs they had been bred Pricfts from their Infancy.
The Mexican Cloyfters in the time of Heathemfm were generally built in
the
:hiefeft Temples, in a great fia;<i^a, or fquare Court, where for the
mod part
two Monaftical Houfes Rood one againft another, the one inhabited by a
Fracernity of Reclufes, and the other by a Sifterhood ; which laft being
Maids of
:welve or thirteen years of age, call'd The Penitential Daughters,
^MVt^t the Temple,
prepared Meat for the Idols and Priefts, which was plentifully fupply'd
from the
\lmsand Offerings that were daily brought in to the Priefts, confiding
of little
3akcs made like Hands and Feet, befides other ftrange Meats, which being
fet be*,
ore theldols, was foon after taken away again,and eaten up by the
Priefts : They
vere under a Governefs, who employed them in making Embroideries to
adorn
he Temple ; and fometimes rofe up with the Priefts at Mid-night, and
playM on
^ipes, pcrfum'd the Temple, and fcourg'd themfelves till the Blood ran
down
heir Backs, befmearing their Faces therewith, and leaving it on a whole
year .
hen going into a large Chamber, where a Ciftern ftood for that purpofe,
they
irafli'd it off again ; after which, if they committed the leaft
uncleannefs, they were
ut to a moft miferable Death- which was judgd upon feeing a Rat run
through
le Nuns Chamber, or a Batt flying by it, or finding any piece of Cloth
gnaw'n
ya MoufeorRatj for they fuppofe that the fore^mention'd Creatures dare
not
ome into a hallow'd place, unlefs defil'd. In this reclufe manner they
wereonely
onfin'd to live a year, which being expired, they had free leave to
Marry.
The Houfe oppofite to the Nuns in the fame fquarc place of the Temple,
was
ihabitcd by Youths of eighteen and twenty years of age, whofe Heads were
laven like Monks, and pleited Tufts hung from the Crown down to their
lacks J they liv'd alfo mean and chafte, kept the Priefts Clothes and
Perfuming^effels, carried Wood for Offerings, and kept always burning Lamps
before ri;^f/f-

ii^tlis Altar. Amongft them were alfo Boys of a lefs Age, whofe Office
was to
ather Flowers and Herbs to ftrow the Temple with, to fliarpen the
Priefts Lan*
BS, which they Let themfelves Blood with every Night in the Legs, and
carry
lem Water. Thefe Youths, Cloth'd in Nets, fell on their Faces on the
Ground
^hen they met with a Woman, and went four and four, or ^\yi and fix
together to
eg Alms, and by turns watched the fore-mention'd Fire j in the Morning
they
rew Blood out of their Thighs, with which they anointed their Temples
down
3 their Ears, and when the Blood looked black, wafh'd it off again in a
confecratcd
iath, which their ftria and fevere Life endur'd a whole Year.
The particular Religion of the Mexicans, composed of cruel flaughters
and
utcheries of Men, reign'd a long time againft the minds of the other
Indians that
^ere under their Dominion, everyone beginning more to abhor the cruel
flaying
f living People, and tearing out the Hearts of Men for Offerings;, and
the rather^
ecaufe they were forc'd to fetch them out of their Enemies Countrey with
the baud of their own Lives, infomuch that they were ready long before to have
emrac'd another Dodrine, if any other Teacher had but appeared amongft
them 5
'hich was the chief reafon why they fo eafily received the ^ornan
Religion : for
'hen QortefiHS had conquer'd the City Mexico, the Mechoacan Agents
entreated him
^ fend them Teachers to prefcribe them Laws, according to which they
might
ve, becaufe their Idolatry, which had long opprefs'd them, was not to be
fuffer'd
ly longer, becaufe of the Cruelties which were required of them in the
pcrfoflancc thereof. E e % Their

^7^

Cloyficrs de-^
dicated to the
ardent ^^;
xie^itt Religion.

Mexiean Re
ligion abhorr'd by the
neighboring ^
People,

^Pl

276"

AMERICA.

Chap. ^

, I'

Their Proccdions.

Ancient Atlire of the

Mtxieans,

Their Pioccffions were ftately, and akerthis manner : The chiefeft Kuns
r;
linga Pafte oFlBiWoi-Seed and parched Uai:^, kneaded it with Honey ,of
which th
made an Idol refembling their Deity VLT^ttj^u^tli, acrofs whofe Nofe and
Forehe
they drew a blue Stroke j his Head they adornM with a Plume of Feathers,
ai
in the left Hand plac'd a round Box, in the right i. crooked StafFlike a
Serpent, ai
Wings behind on his Shoulders ; at the appointed Feaft-day the Nuns meet

befo
Sun^rifing, in new white Apparel, with Garlands of Uatz^ about their Hea
and Necks, which hung down below the left Shoulder , their Faces paint
with feveral colours, about their Arms hung Parrots Feathers from their
Elbo^
down to their Hands : Thusadorn'd, they carried the kneaded Idol to a
Cou;
where the Youths that inhabited a Cloyfter in the fame Temple, fetching
the Idc
blue Throve, with great Reverence fet it down at the lower Step of the
Temp!
at which the People threw Dufton their Heads j which was no iooner done,
b
the Boys ran with all fpeed to the Mountain Chapuhepec, a League from
Mexk
whither the Multitude following them in manner of ProcefHon, made all
(he
Prayers and Offerings there 5 from thence haftening into the Champain
Fields Jtl
cwdl'^;/^, they perform'd the like Service as before J which done, they
went to ti
Village C;)o^crf;2, a League farther from whence they came back in
all hafte wi
their Idol into Mexico : Wherefore thisProce'ilibning for its expedition
was call
Ipaina Vt:^liputli. The Idol being brought into the Temple, was by four
Cor
made faft to his Throne, hoifed up to the Cieling with the noife of
Drums ar
Trumpets, whilft the fore-mention'd Youths ftrow'd the Temple both with
and without full of Rofcs ; after which the Nuns gave the Boys the
refemblanc
of Bones made of the fame Dough with the Idol, with which they were to
cov
theFloorof the Chappelj then appeared the Temple-Priefts, with Scarfs
abo
their Bodies, Garlands on their Heads, and Strings with Flowers about

their Neck
each going in order according to his quality to the place where the
Bones la)
which being Confecrated with Songs and Dances, were religioufly
worfliipp'd f<
Bones of the Idol ; after which fix of the Priefts went down to the
Stone Quauy
calli, on which the Prifoners lying upon their Backs, had their Hearts
puU'd oui
which being finifli'd, the Maids and Boys beforc-mention'd went to meet
one an(
ther, Dancing to the found of Pipes, Drums and Songs ; which their
neareft Rel
tions anfwering, Danc'd round about them, whither the whole City and
Coui
trey People all about came flocking in great numbers.
During this high Feaft none, upon great Penalties, durft eat any other
Foe
but the Cakes made of the fame Dough of which the Idol was made ^
neither wei
they permitted, though Children, to drink till the Afternoon.
Laftly, the Prieft climb'd up to a Chappel ftrow'd with Rofes, in which
ly
Idol fitting, they difrob'd him, broke his holy Arms and Legs into
little piece
which they diftributed amongft the common People, who received them wit
great Reverence, and with tears in their Eyes, imagining they eat the
Body of thei
God J for which honour every one paid a tenth part of the Charge which
ha
been fpent in this high Feaft. Then a Prieft admonifliM them how they
fhoul
lead their Lives, fince they were united with their God ; which ended,
they a
went to their feveral Habitations in a wonderful good order from the
Temple.
Concerning the Kex/V^w^ Apparel, it is a fufhcient teftimony, that they
are n
way of the fame original with the feveral barbarous Nations, that run up
an
down naked in Heii^ Spam : for the Inhabitants o^ Mexico went antiently
Cloth'd i
Cotton : On their Heads they wore a high Plume of red Feathers . about
the
Necks, over their Shoulders, Breaft and Back, a kind cf large Thorax of
Feathe

curiouf

Chap. V.

<iJ[ M E%^1 C A.

cutioufly pleited ; each Arm adomM with Armlets, and their Middles girt
with
broad white Girdles full of red Streaks ; in (lead of Garters they wore
Laces of
Feathers, as alfo a little above their Ancles. Their Priefts befmear'd
all their
Bodies, efpecially the Head, with an Ointment, whofe fpecial vertue was
to make
their Hair grow exceeding long, which they braided with broad Cotton
Strings .
they alfo fmutch'd thcmfelves with a kind of blacking Stuff j when they
went to
make Offerings to their Idol in Caves, Woods, or on high Mountains, they
be.
dawb'd themfelves with an Ointment m^e of Spiders, Salamanders, Adders,
Scorpions and Toads, which the Temple^Boys caught for them in great
abundance. This Ointment they made with many Circumftances . for having
roafted
the fore.mention'd Vermine on the Hearth of the perpetual Fire before
Vi^^W^uztlU
Altar, and ilampM the fame in a Mortar with Tobacco, living Scorpions,
the Seed
Ololuch^ui, (to which they afcrib'd a power of reprefenting Vifions)
hairy Worms '
and Soot, they kneaded all together, put the Ointment in Pots, and
plac'd it before
the Idol, thenceforth reputing it a fandlifi'd Medicine, that would
prove good
-gainft all manner of Difeafes . wherefore the Priefts being always fent
for to the
.k in ftead of Dodors, perfum'd the Patient, fliav'd his Hair, hung
Snakes Bones
about his Neck, and ordered him at a certain Hour to bathe himfelf, and
in the
Night to watch before a Fire^hearth, and to eat no Bread but what had
been

Offer'd to their Idol. Moreover, the faid Ointment is thought to have

another
fower, yi^, to make thofe that anointed, themfelves with the fame,
valiant and
ftrong 5 which the common People believ'd, becaufe the Priefts would go
through
Woods and Wilderneffes that abounded with ravenous Bcafts.
Thefe Heathens alfofecm'd to have fomething of Circumcillon andBaptifmfor
:hey not onely cut off a piece of the Infant's Ears and privy Members,^
which they
Dffer'd to their Idols, but alfo wafli'd them as foonas they came into
the Wgrld,
meting into their Hinds fuch Tools as were of ufe in their Fathers
Profeffion.
Their Marriages alfo were celebrated with great folcmnity : The Prieft
having
sk'dchc Bride and Bridegroom, If they would joyn together in Matrimony f
if
E ^ I they

lial Solcmnities.

, l

!'<!>

91

nim

The Peaft
Tixcoalt.

278 J M E %I C J. Chap. V
they both confented, he tyM the Biides Scarf, and Bridegrooms Coat
together,ani
To accompanying them home, led them nine times about the Fire-hearth :
If th
Bride had no Impediments, then the Bridegroom made Prefents to her
Father an(
Mother, Gfferino;s to the Gods, and a brave Dinner to theneareft
Relations afte
which an Inventory was drawn of what each of them had brought, that upoi
their being Divorced, (which was very common amongftthe Mexica?is )
e2ich. migh
have his fhare ; and if they had Children, the Man was to keep the Sons,
and th^
Woman the Daughters 5 nor were they permitted,onpain of ^eath,being once
part
ed, to joyn together again.
On the ninteenth of May they kept the Feaft Texcoaky Confecrated to the
Ido
Te:^aitlipuca, before whom they Offered a Slave, which was done after
this manner
Towards the Evening the Multitude coming into the Temple^, the Priefts
pullinj
off the Idols old, put on new Apparel, hung him full of Precious Stones
and Arm
lets, fet Plumes of Feathers on his Head ^ which done, the Curtains
behind whicl
he flood, were drawn _, and a Prieft Cloth'd exadly like the Idol coming
forth
turn'd himfelf round;, bio w'd a kind of Trumpet towards the four Winds,
and ati
Earth, which all the People imitated : whereof thofe which had committed
an^
hainous Offence, OfFer'd Incenfe to the Idol, and weeping, begg'd
forgivenefs o
their Sins. Thofe that were Soldiers befought him to grant them ftore of
Prifoners
a'lid flrength to conquer their Enemies j for which they would return
him thank
with Offered Prifoners.
ThisFcafl oiTexcoalt lafling ten days, ended on the twenty ninth of May
witi
peculiar Ceremonies, for in the Morning a company of Priefts, black all
over
carried on their Shoulders a large Chair of State richly adorn'd j in
which fat thci
Idol Te:^cadipucaj and Priefts with long pleited Hair, and Clad in the
fame Appa
rel with the Idol, whicb they fet down at the Foot of a pair of Stairs
which led ut
to a Chappel j whicher the attendant Youths and Virgins came and fpread
Car^
pets before it, and green Boughs o^ Manghey j after which two Priefts

carried th(
Idol into a fpacious Court in the Temple, feveral others walking before,
each witF
a perfuming VefTel ; when they threw their Perfumes on the Confecrated
Hearth
they held their Hands towards the Idol, defiring him that he would fend
theii
Prayers to Heaven ; Next foUow'd the Multitude, who fcourg'd thcmfelves
till
the Blood ran down from their Backs. So foon as the Proceffion was ended
^he reprefented Te:^catlipuca was hoifed up to the Cicling, and
abundance of Flower*
ftrow'd before the Altar j 'which done, every one went home to Dinner,
whilfl
the Youths and Virgins adorn'd the Idol, and plac'd Meat before him :
Laftly,
the Votareffes came two and two with Baskets of Bread, and Difhes of
Meat ;
their Governefs in a white Sur-Coat over a red Veft, with Wings on her
Shoulders, and broad Girts, at which hung CalahaJJ?es fill'd with holy
Reliques and
Flowers : Moreover, (lie conducted the Votareffes to the Steps of the
Altar or
which the Idol fat j where having eaten Bread they came back, and the
TempleServants went in their places, and carried the Meat which ftood on the
Altar to the
Priefts Cells, who by that time were to have Fafted five days : this
done, the PeO'
pie came all to the Temple again, to be prefent at the end of the
Feaft : then i
Slave, who had reprefented the Idol a whole year, appear'd, to whom
every oni
having fhew'd Reverence, the chief Prieft cutting open his Breaft, tore
the Slave':
Heart reaking out of his Body, and fhew'd it to the Sun 5 then the
Confecratcc
Youths and Maids made a great noife with Drumming, Singing and Dancing
abou
the Body till Sun^fet j after which the Virgins going up to the upper
Chpppcl
plac'd Bread and Fruit, made up like dead Mens Bones and Heads^ before
the Idol
where

mam

Chap. V.

^^ M E'B^l C A,

ZJ9

where, after it had ilood a little while, the Servants went up and
fetched itdowb,
whilft the Youths and Maids went to their feveral Cloyfters.
Much after the fame manner, and with fuch like brutifli Ceremonies, not
worth
itientioning, was alfo celebrated the FeafI: of Quet:^atcoalt,
In the inner part of the Temple flood a Stage, on which upon Feftival
Days the
People Aded Drolls j in which they fometimes feign'd themfelves deaf,
blind,
lame, and the like, and begg'd to be cur'd of their Idols j fometimes
were drefs'd
like Serpents, Adders, Crocodiles, or other ravenous Beafts, in which
poftures
they fought one with another.
Thofe F calls were all kept on certain times, according to the Mexican
Alma- Ccmputatinack, in which the Year was divided into eight Moneths, and each Moneth
into mo^ngftThe]
forty five Days,which together made three hundred and fixty : The five
remaining
Days, to compleat the Year, they kept apart, on which all Affairs
whatfoever were
laid afide, as Selling, Buying, Offerings, ^c. nothing clfe being
thought on but
Feafting one another for the paffing away of the time. The firfl Day of
their Year
was on the twenty fixth of February. Each Moneth had a peculiar Name and
Sign.
Moreover, they divided the Year into four parts by as many
Reprefentations, V/;^, a
Houfe,aRabbet, a Cane, and a Flintto ftrike Fire with j and Figured it
out by
a Wheel with four Spikes jutting out round about it, coloujt'd green,
red, blue, and
yellow, and in the middle thereof a Sun j each Spike fignifi'd thirteen
years,
wherefore it had thirteen Divilions, dillinguifli'd by the four
fore^mention'd Reprefentations : At each Divifionofthe Wheel they fet down what
remarkable
things fliould happen that year by certain Charadlers j as, a Man in red
Apparel
typifi'd that Ye^r when Fm/i?2^;2^{j9jtf/i^, clad in Red, conquci'd
Mexico, When
:he Wheel was fill'd with fifty two years Prognoftication, then on the

laft Night
ihey broke all their Pots and Veflels in pieces, and blew out their
Candles, becaufe
:hcy believ'djthat at the end of the faid fifty two years the World
would be at an
:nd,and therefore they had no need of Houflioldfluff, or ought elfe :
But fo foon as
:heDay appeared again,they play'd on Pipes,Trumpets, and Drums,rejoycing
that
Sod had deferr'd the deftrudion of the World fifty two years longer j
then they
Joughc new Utenfils and Candles, and made folemn Proce/Iions.
Concerning the Art of Writing amongft the Inhabitants of Nem Spain,
Jofeph Artofwri4coJla tells us,That fome old Books, containing ancient Paffages, the
Courfe of the ^'
rieavcns, nature of Beafts and Plants, were found in Jucatan, according
to the Re*
ition of a Learned Indiaji, but were all burnt by Command of a Spanif?
Biflbop, be^*
;aufe he fuppos'd them to be full of Matter touching the Black Art.
Their Hifloies they defcrib'd with the Reprefentations of the Things. Rhetorick and
Poetry
he Children were taught by Rote in the Schools, fo that they never
foraot what
hey had once learnt ^ But at prefent they ufe Spanifr Letters or
Charaders.
-^Moreover, the Government of Mexico hath ever been kept in a good
Order, the indent Ggvings Power being exadly limited, that nothing might be loft of the
common
*riviledges. The fourth King Icoath made Earls, who next to the Lords of
Te:^cuco
-nd Tacuba^ had right to the Crown which was like a Mitre turned up
behind,and
ifing before with a Point. According as they increased in Power, fo they
advanced
n Royal Dignity j in which Mutec:^tima the Second exceeded all others :
And to
nanifefthis fplendor, his Houfe for all fores of Creatures, and many
other things,
night ferve for a fufficient teftimony : for in it he kepc Sea-Fifli in
fait Water,
Uver-Fifh in freili Water, and all manner of Beafts in peculiar places :
The Birds
vere kept in great Aviaries, furrounded witli golden Rails, Next to the
Kings foU
o\)v'd four Earls call'd Mlacohecalcatl^ which fignifies Trsnces of the
Throne Launces, 2l
Weapon

^p*'

280

^ M E \I C A

Chap. ^

Their Education of
Youth.

Their manner of Dancing.

Weapon much usMamongft the Mx/f^?i;. The next in Degree were the T/^c^i
catl, or Man^clea^jeri Efauahuacatl, or ^kod^hcddcrs 5 r/alUncalciut,
or Lords of ^ lac
nefs, without all which the King durfl not take any Bufinefs in hand.
High ar
leiTer Courts of Judicatory, where Matters of Life and Death were try'd,
were
moft Cities; and other Courts alfo for petty Quarrels, Controverfies,
and tl
like. The Colledors brought their Revenues to the Court every Moneth. Tl
chief thing which preferr'd both Rich and Poor to Places of Honor,
confiftcd :
Valour and heroick Exploits. Their Arms were chiefly fliarp pieces of
Flint mac
faft to a Stick, with which they could at one Blow chop off a Horfes
Head. Thi
alfo usd Pikes, Clubs, and Lances, and fometimes Slings : For defenfive
Armou
they had Helmets and Shields, made of Tygers, Leopards, and Lyons Skins.
Th(

always fell upon their Enemies unawares, their Defign being generally to
ta]
Prifoners rather than to kill them ; for they referv'd them for
Offerings to the
Idols. Mutec:^uma made feveral Commanders over his Armies, giving them
Power one above the other, which were to be diftinguifliM by feveral
Marks ; f.
the chiefeft ty'd the Hair on the top of their Heads with a red String,
betwi
which ftuck a brave Plume of Feathers ; at the end whereof hung as many
TalTc
as they had done noble Exploits. To this Order belong'd alfo the King,
who wo
one of the fame Marks, with which Kino^ Mutec:^uma and his Son
ftandCarv'don
Rock. The Jpla^, or The Order of the Eagle, confided of valiant Men. The
Gf
Knights were of lefs Quality, and wore Collars which reach'd up to their
Eai
the lower part of their Body being naked. Perfons of greater Dignity
,whcn goii
to the War, were Arm'd from Head to Foot : Which Order was alfo
permitted
wear Cotton-Clothes, and Shoes richly embroidered with Gold and Silver;
thi
us'd painted VelTels, and had Lodgings provided for them at Court.
Moreover, it is worthy of obfervation, what great care the Mexicam took
in tl
bringing up of their Children ; to which purpofe they had Schools near
to the
Temples, in which Youth was taught to Sing, Dance, Morality, Obedience,
ai
alfo Martial Difcipline. Children of noble Extraa had Learned Men for
the
Tutors. Their Punifliments for Tranfgrefllons were very fevere, the
Matters fo
cing their Scholars to Fafl: and Watch, carry great Burthens of
Provifions to tl
Army, and be in the midft of Engagements. Others, whofe Fancy led them
to
holy Life, willingly embraced the Services of the Temple.
Their manner of Dancing in Ueiv Spain was very ftrange and differing ;
they us
pretty Inftruments, and Songs which contain'd antique Paffages,
according to tl
Times ; they in their Motions imitated Shepherds, Fiflier-men, Plowmen,
Hu:
ters, and the like : Sometimes they Danc'd in Majcarades, with a Man on
the
Shoulders, making the fame Motion with his Hands in the Air, as the
other wii
his Feet on the Ground. They had alfo Tumblers and Dancers on the Rope
which ftiew'd ftrange Tricks on an ere^ed Pole. But above all Dances,
the Uitoi
was the chief, which was generally Danc'd in the King's Palace, or inner

Court
the Temple ; in the middle of which they plac'd a great Drum and a
hollow Ti
on a large Image ; round about which the moft eminent Perfons made a
Ring, Sar
fweetly, and Danc'd leifurely, when on a fudden two that are more nimbi
with divers Motions came into the midft of them, and Danc'd exadly after
ti
found of the Drum and hollow Tub, which was feconded with the noife of
Flut
and Pipes.

CH a:

iMmrillHi

Ghap. VI.

A M E%^1 C A.

C H A P. VI.
New Gallicia.
NEwCainda, by fome call'd Guadalajara, from the chief City. This whole
Bo*.m
Province is the moft Northern Countrey of all Jmerka, that is inhabited
Soik
to any purpofe by the %;W.. Here, 'tis true, they are fcatter'd up and
down m all the parts of it, but it is at a huge diftance, and for the
moft part onely
where the Mines are. It is bounded on the Eaft and to the South, with
the Kingdom of Mexico or ^em Spain on the Weft, with the Gulf or Bay of
Califlrma.
Northward, for fo much as is yet difcovet'd, with Qubira and Cibola,
lying between
eighteenand twenty eightDegrees of Northern Latitude, that is,
fromLaNatM^
dad, a Port fo nam'd by the Spaniards, in the Confines of 2\(e^ Spain,
to thymoft
Northerly Borders of Cimloa, a part of this Province, containing, as is
fuppos'd,
not much lefs than three hundred Leagues in length, and in breadth much

more
and whereof not a tenth part is either us'd or frequented by the
Spaniards. '
Tiie Air is generally here very temperate, inclining rather to' Heat
than Cold, TePa,
and %b|?<a now and then to fudden Storms of Rain, and great Claps of
Thunder Sth^crnwhich yetdo not hinder, but that the Countrey is held to be reafonably
healthful' "'"
and the People obferv^d to live generally to a good old Age. The Soil,
by reafort'
of the Climate would be a little inclining to Drought, but that, befides
the frequent Rains which it hath, it is conftantly moiftned with frefl, Morning
Dews
which make it for the moft part wonderfully fruitful, almoft beyond
belief yielding for every Bulhel of Wheat that is fown, threefcore ; and of M,/^,rwo
hundred
for one ; befides great plenty of Sugar-Canes and Cochinele . both which
neverthelels the Spaniards are faid to negleft in fome fort, employing
themfelves wholly
about richer Commodicies : for the Countrey affords them good ftore of
Mines of
Sliver and Brafs, but of Gold or Iron, not many as yet have been found.
The Rivers abound plentifully with Fifii, and the Woods with Venifon, and fome
other
1 , ^A I I!"_P"""'y " S""'"y '-^ mountainous than plain, frequently
fliaded with Woods, and whole Forrefts of the ftatelieft Pine-Trees and
Oaks that
are to be feen ; amongft which breed abundance of Wolves, which do great
mifchief to the People, as alfo Scorpions and MuJliechoS. The Hurts receiVd
from
Scorpions, are heal'd with the Juice of the Fruit call'd Queon -, thofe
from the Mu- '
freMs, by Vinegar and the Juice of Lemmon. Here is likewife a green
Stone
accounted a foveraign Medicine againft the Gravel. '
The Trees peculiar to this Countrey, are, the Tunas, already fpolceii of
in Guati- w,. r
.A and thought to be the fame we vulgarly call MianFi^-Trees, and are
diftin. w^V
guilh d into fix forts.
The firft, by the fortu^uefe call'd Cardon, hath fh'arp Prickles, thick
Leaves, full
,.//""' '"''"f'""^ Flower, oval Fruit, cover'd with an Orange.

welltafted Pulp, full of black Seed. > Jy

The fecond hath a round Body full of Bough., with Star-like Prickles
hangdy fmalkr ''''"'' ""^ '^' ^'"" '"^ ^'^' '''" ^ '^' C-'^i

hf

'r' U MH^l.n JKgnaMePry:

iSz

J M E 1^1 C A

Chap. VI.

I><i!

The Root
Cafianuth.
jThc Batata.

The third is the Caxahra, which fhoots up to a great Tree full of

prickly Cods
at the utmoft end grows a large white Flower j the Fruit, which is as
big again as
an Egg, is pleaiant and cooling.
The fourth fort hath a ftraight Body full of Prickles^ runs leffer and
lefTer to the
top ; at the end of the fmall Boughs, each thick Leaf produces another j
the Wood,
if kindled, burns like a Candle.
The fifth, nam'd Cumheha, grows out of fmall Roots, with three or four
corner'd
thick Leaves, full of Prickles, the Flower fomewhat lefs than the
fornaer, the Fruit

oval, hard and red, having a white and juicy Pulp : The Prickles of this
QumhehaTree are fo {harp, and ftick in fo deep, that they can fcarce be pull'd
our. This is
that fort of Tunas that produces Cochinele^ which is a Worm that grows
under the
Leaves, and is covet'd with a Skin, which being neatly taken off and
dry'd in the
Sun, as formerly mention'd, becomes a rich Commodity. Jofe^h de Jcofta
tells us,
that the Spanip Fleet, Anno i 578. carried fo much Cochinde to S^ahiy as
amounted to
two hundred eighty three thoufand feven hundred and fifty Ryals.
But the laft fort of the Tunas is the Unirumhcha, which hath a ftraight
Body full
of Prickles, on the top whereof grow divers prickly Leaves, not unlike
thofe oi
the PalmTree : It is onely found in barren places, remote from the Sea.
Moreover, all kind of Fruits tranfplanted hither from Sj^ain thrive very
well^
as Apples, Pears, Granats, Figs, Peaches, A pricocks, Muskmelons, <src.
The Root Oflanuela affords a much better Feeding for Swine than Acorns.
But amongft many other Roots which are found here, as the Xiquimas, Taca,
CochucOj(^any
Totora and Mcmi, the chief is the 'Batata^ which is fat,fweet, and windy
j it runs over
the Ground with a tough green Sprig, the new Fibres taking Root
difperfedly up
and down, beingyeliow without, and within full of milky Juice . the Leaf
refemblingaHeart, is of a pale yellow cok)ur on the top, and donuy
underneath;
roafled in Aflies, it eats better than a Turnip : It is divided into
three forts.
The firft, caird Omenajjo yeima^ when boyl d, flicws like red ^etel^ but
Dyes of a
Skye-colour the innetmoft Skin, which is of a dark Red, yields an
Ink.like Juice.
Th(

Chap. VI.. <tJ: M E'K^I C J.

The fecond fort, callM (parro^ differs little from the firft, onely the
Body, Root,
and Veins of the Leaves^are of a Purple colour.

The third fort >r/opff, being white, hatha very good rellilli, and cures
the
Ague.
The Pepper, which is here call'd A'i, grows in the warmed Valleys, and
the
more by being often waterM : there arc of it divers kinds, differing in
colour,
fmell, and tafte one from theother ^ for one fort is green, yellow, or
red 5 another
fort yields a ftrong musky fcent j and one fort is (harper, another
milder; the
Veins and Kernels thereof are eaten with Salt.
The Herb Ceyadilla cures all manner of Sores.
This Countrey alio breeds an innumerable company of Deer, Hocrs Goats
Sheep, Oxen, and Horfes j and of hurtful Creatures, Pifmires, which' do
great
mifchief to the Plants, and Locufts, which fall in huge fwarms on the
Corn and
cannot be frighted from the fame by any means whatfoever. The want of
Water
is alfo no fmall prejudice to the Fields.
The biggeft River,caird Guadalajara^ with many windings runs
North*wefl:ward
into the Southern Ocean ; and four Leagues from the City of the fame,
falling
down from a fteep Rock, it makes fuch a horrible noife, that it deafens
thofe
which approach the fame.
The Lzke Me choac an opens here alfo with a wide Mouth.
The River before mentioned, produces all manner of Fifli in great
abundance j
and alfo a fort of Hedge^hogs, call'd Iguana, which live both in the
Water, and on
the Land,, and are of two forts : The firft, call'd Senemhi, is four
Foot long, of a
deep green colour, with black and white Spots, hath a fcaly Skin, white
Spots on
each fide of the Head, a row of fliarp Prickles from the Head to the
Tail, wide
Noftrils, great black Eyes, and little Teeth. The fecond fort, called
Tejaguacu, differs from the firft, in having white Spots on a brown Skin, a longer
Tail, and a
red Tongue, which is (lit. Both forts are reported to faft eight Moneths
toaether
md though often terribly wounded, and dead to all imagination, yet
live'a great
tvhile after; and though they fwim up and down in Rivers, yet they Lay
their
Eggs in the Sand : their Flefii boyl'd is both wholfom, and of a good

reliOi.
The Spaniards which inhabit New Gallicia.dvivc a conllderable Trade in
Merchandizing, Husbandry, breeding of Cattel, and working in the Mines ; They
ufe
ij^ayns and Carrs, drawn by Oxen, Mules, and Horfes,to carry their
Loads, as d[oSpamjh Weights and Meafures. Th^y are little troubled with any other
Mifchiefs
but what may happen fromthe treacherous Natives, who take all
opportunities to
run into the Woods, that there they may exercife their (pagan Religion
in freedom
in which having fpent fome time, they gather a confiderable number
together, and
oftentimes fall unawares on the Spaniards, who ufe Leather Shields and
Helmets,
md furr'd Cotton Clothes, to fecure them from the Arrows which |he
hdians, lyng in Ambufcades, fhoot at them out of the Bullies.
The Natives, though fubtile, are lazy, and will not work, unlefs for
great Re;vards. They wear Cotton Shirts, fquare Cloaks of the fame Stuff, made
faft with
.wo Buttons on their Breafts 5 Drawers, and foaFd Shoes : Flag=Macts
ferve them
'or Beds, on which they lie under Cotton Clothes : About their Necks,
Arms,
indLegs, they wear green Stones, and Snale Shells for an Ornament.'
Their
;reateft Recreation is Dancing, their Mufick being nothing elfe but the
noife or
bund ofa piece of hollow Wood. Horfe.fleOi, and Bread made of Mii^, is
by
hem accounted a great Dainty. The Drink Cacao is alfo highly efteem'd
amongft
Kem ; but much more the Wine that they make o^JMaquey^ which is the
wonder^
' ful

9'

Z^

Beaflfc

iTvv'o forts of

"Hedge-hogs,

"Ifae manner
of the Sfani"^
ards livmz.

Tke Naturei
Habits, ar.4
Cult.'nis of
the Natives, .

^&

Mi

Divifion of
Mov.i Gulli-

<ij: M E %l C A. Chap. VI
ful Tree that r^ffords many neceffary things, Viz^-^ Syrrup, Honey, Oyl,
Vinegar
Yarn, Needles, Water, and Wine j every Man making it his Bufinefs to
plant anc
preferve the fame with great care near his Houfe, notwithftanding they
grow ir
feveral places of the Fields j they have broad thick Leaves with {harp
ends, out o:
which is drawn a Thorn, which ferves them for a Needle or Pin. Thefe
Leave;
have a hairy Filament about them, which ferves in ftead of Thred : the
younc
Sprout being cut, produces a fweet Juice, which boyrd,makes good Wine
wher
grown fowre, ferves for Vinegar ; but being twice boyl'd, becomes a
Syrrup j anc
being hung over the Fire a third time, a perfed Honey : Alfo the Wood
beinj

fpungie, keeps Fire as well as Match. Moreover, the Inhabitants when

they travel
carry Leather Bags with them full oi Qacao, Mai:^^ and Pepper, mix'd
together.
Over each Village in this Countrey the Spa?iiards have plac'd an Indian
Qafque
Alcalde^ and Jlgua:^l, where all forts of Provifions arc fold at a Setprice.
The Gyj^we^ are lucceeded by their Heirs, who refent nothing worfe than
Af
fronts, and take pride in nothing more than their Valour.
The Moors or Negro's which are brought hither from Gui?jee, do all
manner o
hard Labour.
The Guachkhiles and Guamares area valiant People, and have each their
peculiai
Language, utterly different from the M'^xif^/z.
This Countrey comprehends thefe inferior Provinces : i. Guadalajara - 2,
Xa
llfcQ '^ '^. Qnametta . 4. Couliacan -^ ^. Cmo4oa -^ all of them on the
Weflern Shore
6. Zacatecasy to which fome add Noya 'Bifcak and TSlo'Va Mexico^ though
others trca
of them as diflind Countreys apart from the reft.

Bounds of
Gtfudalttjara.

Towns and
Cities.

S E C T. it.
. Guadalajara.
Uadalajara is bounded on the Well, with Xalifco j on the South and South
Weft, with NeTi? Spain j and on the North, with Zacatecas. It is a Coun
trey exceeding plcafant, and rich in all kind of Commodities^, but
efpeci
ally in its Mines of Silver. It is well watered with the River
iS^r^;//^, which run
neth through the midft of it, and with divers other Streams : yielding
abundantly
both Wheat, Mz/;^, and fome other Grain. In a word, there is nothing

faid of th(
properties o^ IS^ew Gallicia in general, either for Soil, Climate, or
People, but is pe
culiarly verifi'd of this Province.
The chief Towns are i. Guadalajar a, which gives Name to the whole
Province
It is feated on the Banks of the River ^arania^ in a moft delegable and
fweet Air
and a rich Soil, by advantage whereof it is become the Metropolis of
"Reiv Gallicia
honoured witl^ an Epifcopal See, which was tranflated thither from
(o;poy?e//^ ii
the Year 1570. with the Courts of Judicature, and the Refidence of the
King'
Treafurers for that Province. This City was built on the Plain Moli?io,
by ISlunne-.
de Gu7^nanj in the Year 1531. The neighboring Mountains afford ftore of
Timber
All manner o Sj^anifi Plants grow here likewife in great plenty. In the
City is ;
Cathedral, feveral Cloyfters, inhabited by Jngufline and Francifcan
Monks. Thi
Bifhop of this City belongs to the Arch^bifhop of Mexico, The Air very
tempe
rate, neither raolefting the Inhabitants with too great Cold, nor excefs
of Heat.
2. St. Maria de los Lagos^ a Town thirty Leagues Eaftward oi
Guadalajara^ beini
a Fronteer Place, and built on purpofe to fecure the Countrey againft
the Chiche
jnec^ which are a barbarous and unreduced People of the North^Eaft
parts of thi
Countrc)

Cliap. Vr. \^ M E%^1 C A.

Countrey who lurbouring themfclves in Caves under Ground in the thickcft
of
huge Woods and Forrefts, do oftenci.es iiTue our, and n,ake foul fpoil
frhj
Countrey where they come, having firft intoxicated themfclves wuh a Li"
or
Gatfol ""'" ' ^"' ""'' ' '""^'^ '"" '^"' 'f " were no^ ftThil
pDelSfintu Sato, built by the Founder of the other two, viz. Nunnez dc
Guf
mm aforefa.d, in a part of the Countrey which they call Tej,e^ue. ''
Sect. III.
Xalifco.

<?

16"

^fX\Tt' '1'"^'"""'"^""'^^''"''^' North, withCW,.a. B.^

on the South, with Tome narrc r.f AL,^^, C: . .i !, . **'*"'-'*>
Defcription

/n..U^ C^ ^L 1 r ' '^ "'" ''"^ J-^witn, Wlttl LOUltaCan * Bounds in

^'"f'^^f7'';'';andotheWell,withtheGulforByofW<,r2
The Countrey .s ch.efly fertile in M,^^and Mines of Silver, not
altUhttap;
for Herbage and Failure a. fome other Countreys about it. The Peel we e
Can
n:bals before the Spaniards can,e amongft-then, .ating Man's-fl^ft ^ lie
^^^h
g.ve toquarrelbng and Contentions amongft themfelves, but by'th't ,e
ct
ruppos d they are reafonably well reclai.'d both fro^ the o'ne and he
othe"
live7L^rrtheBanr"r'"^^7''^'"^^^' ''''' ^^ 'J f - ^
M\er >arama, on the Banks whereof are fcated moft of their on'nri^.l t'^^^"<^^^. ^f'MwhichgivesNan.etothewholeProvinceAnd aCp^^^^^^^^^^^^
n Foreland on the Weftern Coafts, which (hoots it felf out into the Bay
ofr7
^,a, nghtoveragaxnft certain iQands, which the %,></. call TheThneMaZ
bs was an anc.ent C.ty or rown of the Natives, but fack'd and taken ZnZ
'
le C/uJma?i, inthcYca.r i^-^o, ^y j-\unm;^
2. ComppUa, built by the aforefaid Gufman, and fo nam'd from the Citv ia
p fo famous for the Grave of James the Apoftle, who (accordingl the Z"
^orr,<i ^e ; yet the Ground breeds many forts of Vermine, befides other
noxious
.reatures , amongft wh.ch the Ot^lara roots up whole Tr'ees and otk Plan
sTn
heN.ght Th,sBeaft refembling an indilTerent large Hog, hath ftort Le^
and
ir- tcA ' ?'V l'^'"' "''^ ^^"' ^"'^ - -^h J w-bone twenty fou.
reetl, befides two Tusks, butno Tail , it goes flow, but fwims exce d Ig

faft
nd d.ves under Water for a confiderable time together : they often feed
tSet'
n great Herds, and make a terrible noife. ^"i leca together
^^J.^ La furificauon, a fmall Town on the Sea fide, towards the Confines
of Ne^
Sect. IV.

Chiametl

A Gainft :XaUfc(, juts Chiametla,a.loaz the South Sea f,^r, ,J, r t t.

/\ n^ort Cloaks, and Deer-skin ShLl:d'i^rw;r;^^
>.. ..et;a7dol?trSeet^"^"- ^'' ^""^ ^^^^^ "' ^"^'^^ ''^"^Hands ; u was built by Captain FrancfcuUe Ivana, Anno ,554. who difco.
^"""'"
^^ vcring

note.

E iunf!s of

Towns.'

226 <ij: M E "KI C A Chap. VL

' vering many Silver Mines, hath made feveral Meking-houfes, in which
the Silver
being meked fwims upon the Lead.
S E c T. V.
Couliacan.
Ext to ChlametUj Weftward and Southward of 0'Jo^, lies Couliacan^

Coailing all along the Bay of Qaliforma^ which it hath on the Weft 5 on the
Eaft it hath Hew 'Bifcay j and on the South, Xalijco. The Countre-y is
not
defedive in any kind of neceffary Provifion, but more cfpecially it
aboundeth with
Fruits of all forts. But the Spaiiiards look onely at the Mines^ of
which they have
fome few in this Countrey. The People were generally Cloth'd with
CottonWooll when the Spaniards came firft amongft them, but yet never a whit
the more
modeft, being exceedingly given to Venery, and that in a more fii
amelefs and
beaftly manner than many other /w2mV^w5 who went naked.
The SpaniJJ? Towns are thefe, i. Hiujlula^ feated on the Banks of a fair
River,
diftant about a days Journey from the Sea. 2. Quinola. 3. Quatroharrtosj
an old
Town of the Natives, but new nam'd by the Spaniards, ^. El Leon, an old
Bur
rough. 5. Qouliacan^ the chief Town of the Province. 6, St, Michael, in
the Valley
o( Jt-rohdj two Leagues diftant from the Sea, in a rich and plentiful
Countrey, botl
for Corn and Fruit, whither it was remov'd from the Banks of the River
Orala
where it firft flood j it was built by Nunne:^ de Gufman in the Year
1531. after h<
had burnt the Towns, and deftroy'd a great number of the Natives,
Inhabitants o
the Countrey.
This Countrey was firft difcover'd by the aforefaid Nu?me;^ de Gufman
(after h
had built Guadalajara) after this manner : Marching from Qhiametla to
Tiat;^ala, h
ruin'd this Province with Fire and Sword : he likewife conquer'd the
Countrey
of Zapuatun and Tia;^tla-^ the firft being a Plain^ lay inclos'd within
high Moun
tains, where the Spaniards met none but Women, till they came to a great
Rive
caird 'De la Sail, whofe Banks on each fide were well inhabited j the
fecond jut
againft the Ocean, and is water'd by a River of the fame Denomination.
Here
within the Houfes, (which arc built after a ftrange manner) lay
thoufands of Ser

pcnts mingled together, with their Heads fticking out on the top and at
the fides
and hifling with open Mouth atthofe which approached them. The
Inhabitant
fhewM great Reverence to thefe Serpents, becaufe (as they laid) the
Devil often ap
pear'd to them in that form. And this feems to be a Cuftome amongft them
fron
the Tradition o^ Eyes being tempted by the Devil in the fliape of a
Serpent : No
was this Superftition peculiar onely to thefe Indians, forafmuch as
divers Nation
of the ancient Heathens of other parts of the World, worfhipp'd the
Likenefs of ;
Serpent. And even amongft the Greeks, according to Plutarch, Hefych'in^,
Clemen
Alex andr inns, and others, it was no unufual thing in their religious
Worfliip to cal
on Eya, and at the fame time to fhew a Serpent, flutardms and jEUanm
fay, Tha
iht E.^ptians honour'd a Serpent for their God. The fame [^Ith Erafw.us
Stella
thcold^rujlians ; Si^ifmund 'Baro, of zhc Liflanders -^ and Jlexa?ider
Guagmm, ofth
Sarmatians and Samogethes. Moreover, fome write, that in the Province of
Cahcu
are Serpents with exceeding great Heads, and weighing as much as a great
Hog
to which the King fliews great Reverence j fo that it feems the Devil
tskes deligh
to be worfliip'd in chat fhape wherein he work'd the rail of Man -kind.
Gufman leaving Tui'^tla march'd to Biiyla^ where he found the great
River De Uu
gere.

Knnnex^ it
Gufman firlt

Difcoveier s
ofthisCounirey.

Serpents
worfliipp'd
by the Natives.

Chap. VI.

A M E K I C A.

Z67

tm, and the Countrey full of Woods and Paftures : thence travelling
upwards
long Uugmru, they afcended to the top of a Mountain, where they were
affaulted
.y the Inhabitants oftheaforefaid Village ^Wrf, whom nevcrthelefs they
foon
mt to flight ; but not long after receiv'd a fhrew'd Repulfe at the
Entrance into a
SCood built full of Houfes ; yet neverthelefs being at length
Conquerors, though
lot without fufficient lofs, they march'd farther in amongft the
Mountains, till
heir Provifions beginning to grow fcarce, and they feeing no likelihood
of geting to an end of this troublefom Journey, at laft their Necefllties
forc'd them to
etire.
The Flood which comes out of the Sea up to the City St. Mdael, through
the *- m
.iverO^.ri., abounds with Fifl,, and efpecially the Guarapucu, which
is feven """"''""
oot long when it comes to its full growth it hath no Scales, but a
fmooth Skin
f a Silver colour mix'd with Green : from the Head to the Tail runs a
crooked
Ancoi thin Scales on each fide ; it fwims exceeding fwifc, feeds on
leffer Fiftes
ndfpawnsintheSea: theFlelh being wholfom and good to eat, is faked up
gamft Winter. At the fame Place is alfo the K..C..K which fliines

exceedingly, Tk= ...

aving Silver-colour d Scales, a broad flit Tail, a long white Beard,
four grea! "*"
ms, and a little Head. Farther into the Sea are a fort of flying Fifh
call'd li
ther Fifli which prey on them , yet fometimes they are fnatch'd up by
the Birds
r elie by the F.fhes, when they dive down into the Water to wet their
own
Angs, which confift of a thin Skin, diftinguifh'd in length by tough
Fins. Theft
ying Filh alfo differ much one from another, for moft of them are like
Herrings thers have a thick Head, round before like the Dolphins. B .
Moreover, the Countrey about St. M^mcI was always well inhabited. Ths
loufes, being artificially built, were adorn'd on the top with many
obfcene Ima,
:s, and venereal Reprefentations : But fince the S^ankris have conquer'd
this
ountrey they have deftroy'd them, and built other Houfes in their ftead,
and alfo
itowd much cofl and labour on the Silver Mines Ve Im Vkgims.
F f a.

E c

288

<l/[ M'E%1 C A.

Chap. VI,

Sect. VI.

B">ur(Js of

ToWQS.

JSunntz de
Gnfman's
Travels.

Cinoloa.
iluolo. is the moft Northern part of Ke-, Cincia, bounded on the Weft
with
fomepartofthe Gulf or Bay oUalifornia , on the Eaft with along Ridgf
of Mountains, which they call Tefecfuan; on the North, wuh CMa., and
with CcuU^can on the South. This Country ,b.fides the general fert:hty
of the whoh
Province of Ne. GMaa, yields great ftore of Cotton-Wool, by reafon
whereo,
both Men andWomer. here are better Apparell'd for the n>oft part, than
elfewhere the ^eWc.. are, is exceedingly well water'd wnh Rivers, wh.ch
defcent
from thofe Mountains r.p<., not above thirty or fy Leagues d.ftant
fron
the Sea.- and which, with the variety of their Strearr,s and
Meandrousghd.ngs,dc
divide the Countrey into many and good Paftures, which are hkew.fe ftor
d witl
abundance of Kine, Oxen, and other Cartel. ^
The chief Towns pofTefs'd by the Sl,amards are i. St. fhlq andJ.coJ
feate<
towards the Sea fide, on the Banks of a fair River, about thirty or
forty League
diftantfrom theTown ofCoH/wcan. ^ , , , , r- / j
z. S(.MJeGK an ancient Colony of Si..<W., feded there by Bauajcoi
rv.<-, in the Year .554, which is all they have in this Countrey,
except fomefevold Forts of theNatives, which they found, after their manner poorly
furn.ih d
but have fince repair'd them for Defence againft the Natives of thofe
Parts, whicl
as vet remain unreduc'd. 1 i n
This Province was alfo difcover'd by KuhMk. de Gufman, who having refte.
fome Weeks in St. Mcfc.e/, pr<,ceeding on his Way, he Ferried over the
River fe
f.fte,whichreceiv'dthat Denomination becaufe the Houfes were cover d
witl
Mats, by the MwHJcaird fVfdi-.
The People hereabouts were generally Man=eaters.

Eighteen Leagues farther runs the River T.^cWo, which hath many Village
on both fides thereof. , 1 , rr 1 wr j
Between fctatla,i,znd TamochM lie feveral defolate WildernelTes, and
Woods o
the Bra/J/e -Tree. ' , r -i-nBut G>. travelling up twenty feven Leagues along the fore.mention d R.
ver ramochala, came to the'Province Cmo/^,' where they ftay'd fix Weeks
by rea
fon of the abundance of Rains ; during which time the Villagers provided
then
Turtle-Doves, Hares, Rabbets, and all forts of Fowls ., but at laft
deferred the.
Habitations in the Night : after which the Sp<rM<-^x croffing T.mochala
went alon;
a barren Defart, vvhere (had they not found Water in certain W eUs and
likewif
ftore of Juice out of the T...Trees) they had without doubt penfh d ;
at laft get
ting over the River Ya^u.nu, they found a deferred Village, out of which
a broa.
Path led along the Stream ; whither Cufman marching, he came into a
Plain, wher
he fpy'd feveral Ind.ans, which after fome refiftance were routed by the
Sfumj.
The Villages built on the Banks of the River ra^muu, as alfo the
Language o
the Inhabitants differ little from the former.
Kot far from hence a Ridge of Hills runs into the Sea, and alio extend
them
felves a hundred Leagues towards Xal'ifco.
S E C 1

1^^

iiriiiiiiiiiiUM

Chap. VI.

tA M E%^1 C
Sect. VIL
Zacatecas.

zK^

He Zacatecai, as they call them, are bounded on the South, with Gmdak^^""^^-

Defcriptiom
of ^a;MMj;^'

,ty

Imol

Towns ,,an4
ViJlaees,

J^ /^;4r4 5 on the North, with New 'Bifcay j on the Weft, with Qouliacan
and
fome part of Xalifco ; and on the Eaft, \^k\iNew Spain. The Countrcy,
eipecially the more Weftern part of it, is very rich in Silver Mines, no
Province of
this part o^ America richer ; but not To apt either for Wheat oxMai:^.
But the Ea-
ftern parts of it are abundantly ftor'd with all forts of Fruits, the
Woods
where replenifh'd with Deer, the Fields nolefs with Corn, and every Tree
giving Entertainment to fome Bird or other.
The Towns are i. Las Zacatecas, forty Leagues diftant from Guadalajara,
and
fourfcore from Mexico, but neighbor'd with moft rich Mines, and
therefore both
Garrifon'd and well peopled by the Spaniards ; for 'tis fuppos'd there
are no lefs
than hvc hundred Families of them in the To wn,and about the Mines. '
2. St, Martins y twenty feven Leagues diftant from ^^c^^^c^^^, and as

rich a Place,
having a Colony of four hundred 5p^?2wr^i at leaft.
3. '5^-Lf^^MWo. 4. Em/^,le(rer Towns, but both of them rich, and
feated
in the midft of excellent Mines.
5. TsiomhredeVios, in the moft Northerly part of this Countrey, fixty
eight
Leagues diftant from G^j4%'^r^, and founded by the aforefaid mwc^co ^^
Tv^rr^.
who having fubdu^d and quieted the Natives, and thereby gain'd to
himfelf the
Government of thefe Countreys, granted the propriety of fome Silver
Mines both
:o the Spaniards and to the Natives, and by that means drew fo many of
them thi:her, that in a fliort time it became the chiefcft and beft peopled town
of the whole
Province.
6, Durango^m tht Y^Wty oi Guadiana, eight Leagues diftant from ISiomhre
de
5/oj, and built by IV^r/-^.
7. Xeres de Frontera, a Place built on purpofe for the repreiTing of the
Chichemecd
forefaid, and other Salvages that infefted the Borders of Guadalajara,
in the Re*
[ency of the Marquefs of ^i//d M/n^e*
(< 8. Laft, St, Lewis, built by Jlonfo Tacheco, in that part of the
Countrey which is
all'd Uxitipa, and peopled by him with a Colony o( Spaniards, being
diftant about
wenty Leagues from Tanuco in l^ew Spain, to which the whole Countrey of
Uxitipa
nee belonged.
Theaforefaid Francifc^fs de Ivarra, Anno 1554. difcoverM the Mine call'd
Sant Several
fmm, and Imce alfo Lucas JVtnno, the Mine Del Somhrereto, lying near f
he City Del Sbf^f
rena : but the Mines De los (!iamhos,Chalchuites, De lasl^teves, and Del
Fri/uillo,vvould ^'""''^
loduce much more Silver, if the Mine- works were ftor'd with
Quicbfilver. The
ice^RoyofKeTi; 5/;^m,nam'd LodoVickdeVelafco, order'd a certain number
ofSoL
lers, Slaves, Horfes and Mules, for every Mine, to defend the Workmen
from the
flaultsofthe Natives, which oftentimes Sallied out upon them. Moreover
Ves
fco fent Priefts through all the Countrey to Preach the Gofpel : But
Tvarra having
le care of the Priefts, guarded them with a company of Soldiers, and in
his Way

fcover'd the Valley San Juan, and the River De las Nacos, where he
conquer'a
ie rebelling Natives. ^
Near the Silver Mine Sant Martins the Monks built a Cloyfter 5 after
which Yvarrd
ve free leave to all that would, to dig in the Mine at ^vmo,, which he
had '

Ff

? oughts

BM^^MBUb

s^

ipo

nil, w

AMERICA. Chap. VIIbought, on conaicion they (hould pay the real fihh part of what they
got, to th(
Spamjlh^g: which Priviledge ftirr'd up many, iniomuch that jVmno m ^
ihov
time grew very populous. Ivarra, though having brought his Bufmefs to
this pais,
could not reft, but fent Jntomm Tacheco to a Valley in Giudiana, to
build the fore,
mention^ City Vuran^o, where feveral Rivers make a convenient and
delightfu;
place for Habitation, whither lyarra followM three Moneths after, and
finifh'd th(
newTown. But the chiefeft Silver Mines, which borrow their Denomination:
from the Province ^^C4fec4^, are continually guarded by five hundred
Si^amards,
and as many Slaves*

CHAP. VII.

Bovnds of
Ntw Bifcajf.

Towns anJ
Cities.

New Bifcay,
'Ew ^ifcay, by fome accounted a Province of NeTi? Calitaa, hath on the
South
Zacatecal on the Weft, the Countrey of Gnoloa Northward it is boun
ded with'NeK' Mexico the Eaftern Borders of it looking towards Florida
not yet well difcover'd : fo call'd by the Spaniards, onely fromjts
neighborhood t(
2ieti> Gallicia. It is, as the other Provinces, exceeding rich in Silver
Mmes, and hatl
fome alfo of Lead ; which ferve principally, as fome fay, for the
refining or pur
ging of the other Metal. The People generally are of a ftout and
refolute Difpo
fition, and with much difficulty fubmitting to the Yoke yea, the
Spaniards them
felves confcfs, that there remain yet to this day four great Towns
unreduced
though they lie, as it were, in the mid-way, betwixt the Zacatecas
aforefaid, and th
Mines and Town o^St, Barbara of this Province : The Spaniards call them
Las Qua
mCeine^as, ov The Four Quagmires, as lying, perhaps, in the Marflies, or
in fom
Fenny and lower parts of the Countrey.
The Towns which themfelves hold, are, i. St. ^Barbara, famous for the
ricl
Mines about it. r r j /i
2. St. Johns, equal to the other, and not above three or four Leagues
dittan
from it.
3. Ende, the moft Northerly Town which the Spaniards have in this
Countrey
diftant about twenty Leagues from the other.

Thefe be all Colonies of the Spaniards, and built on purpofe for

fecuring th
Mines, which when they werefirftdifcover'dbyrv./'r^, he ordered %oderigo
del(B^
to auard the fame, and took up his Winter Quarters at St. Juan in a
ftrong Houfc
ftor'd with all manner of Provifions, and ereded there by him, as a
place of de
fence againft the a7ec^, who (though the Spaniards kept the place with
ftronj
Guards) kill'd above four hundred of their Horfes and Mules ; which lofs
no wa;
daunted him, fo as to change his Refolution of going to Hopia : whither
travelling
he found many fnowy Mountains, and ruffer'd extream Cold, which kill'd
moft
their Horfes, being ieen fifteen days after to ftand fo ftiffly frozen,
as if ftiU alive
at laft getting within the Borders of Topi., after he had fuffer'd many
inconveni
ences, he was opposed by the Inhabitants, till he pacified them with
Prefents.

Sec

mM

wm

Chap, vnr,

A M E%^1C A.

t^i

S EC T. II.
His Countrey hath many convenient Havens, ^Z^. Sanjago, TiaviJad, Macon,
laaa ChacaUa, below the Promontory Coriemes, the Bay Xati/co, the Road

Sa.4
Mapdan, and Chiametla, fo call'd from a Town about eleven Leagues
from the Ocean. *
Here, and in feveral places of New Gdlkia, grow Lillies, Rofes, Violets
Teffamins, and many other Flowers ; amongft which the Borifondmm defcrves
peculiar
obfervation, becaufe it flouriflies the whole Year ; and its white
Bloffoms which
are bigger than Lillies, opening in the Morning, yield an exceeding
fweet fmell.
In no lefs efteem is the M<rM, by the Spaniards cMd Cranadilla, which
will 'f'-'
not grow, if bereav'd of any of its Leaves : it bears a Flower from the
refem- *""**'
blance of our Saviour's Suffering,call'd The <PaJIion-Flo-n>er, vihich
exceeds the bisseft
Rofe m crrcumference ; the uppermoft Leaves green, thofe underneath of a
purple
colour ; on the top hangs a round Bufli of a thoufand interwoven threds
of divers
colours, diftinguiOi'd by white and red Specks ., the pale Stalk which
flicks in the
middle of the Flower.is divided into five others, that bend downwards
with a yel.
iow Button.hke Knob , on the middlemoft Stalk ftands a pale yellow
Flower
vhich appears three hours after Sun-rifing, and clofes again a little
before Sun=fet .'
he Fruit, which is very round, fmooth, and of a pale Green, hath white
Specks I
hick Rmd, Saffron-colour'd Pulp, which is wholfom, of a good rellifl,,
and hath
ibundance of black Seeds inclos'd in little Husks.

CHAP. viir. *
New Mexico.
N[Eu> Mexico (as -tis call'd for diftinftion's fake) is bounded on the
South-Weft b. or
with 2sf.>S^.^ more diredly Weftward, with fome parts of ^.-wl,' ^"^tfelfast\?H:r''"'"'^''''*'"'^" ''^^ ''^^ ^^^--^ i-xtend;
.ee?filfitrd?r"''''l'r\n"'^'"^y compare with Ueu. GaUicia, having
een leaich d and d fcover d by the Spaniards above a hundred, fome fay
two hun
Ire Leagues diredly Eaftward, and to the North-Eaft : and key rep t
WondeTs
,fi, ifwemay believe them, at leaft in refpeft of what was generally
fo'dL

hefe Northern parts of ^V. at their firft Difcovery ., as namely,

ThatVhey ha
rowns fairly and v.e 1 built of Lime and Scone, Houfes of four J tories
hTj and
nol^ of them provided with Stovesforthe Winter Seafo,as well as anyS..
"
e Streets fair and broad, and the People as curious and kpert in dive'r
JZj
Janufaaures as any of theirs. More particularly they tell us of a Town
aU'd
ha, of the Provinceof C.,fo big, that it is faid to contain eight
fevml Mar
otw"; "f '''"'"''' ^S^"'T""' l^^-edonthe'topofa; hS
f the'wd st""^ T:' "'^ "^^"^'^ ' "' ''"' "^y ^ P-' f Stai'rs hewn It
let ri T' 7 ''I' ''7, """" ^'^^'''^ "'^'^'^ *^ '"''^bitants let d.rand
keup,3theypleafe. And likewife of a third, which they call G/i,
contlinin.
. chey fay. no lefs than feven Leagues in length, and about half fo much
in b'aS:
feaced

Travch of
Kufz EfpeJHS

2px J M E'KI C A Chap. VIII.

feated upon a Lake, but Icatteringly built, and much oFthefpace taken up
with
Mountains and naany fair Gardens, in the raidftof which the Town
ftandeth j
of all which more hereafter. This is certain, that the Countrey to which
they give
the Name o^ New Mexico j is of a vaft extent, reaching from the Mines of
Sf. Barbara
in Ne-^ 'Btfcay Eaftward, and to the North-Eafl:, above two hundred
Leagues already difcover'd, but doubtlefs taking up no fraall part of thofe
Countreys which
are fometimes alTign'd to Florida, if not of the Confines of Virginia
alfo.
This Countrey was firft, Jnno 1581. difcover'd by a Frandfcan Monk,
nam'd
ar.doth.r.. j^^j^jiifie (2^}'^, who with two other Monks of his Order,
got eight Soldiers of
Co?ide de Coruna, Y'lct-Koy o^ New Spain, for his Companions j with whom
he tra.
veird from the Valley Sa?it Bartholornen^, to the Province Ve los
Tiguas, where one

of the two Monks was kill'd by the Natives, which occafion'd fuch a fear
amongfl
the Souldiers, who judg'd themfelves too weak to make any refiftance,
that they
refolv'd to return, notwithftandingall the arguments which ^^yz^ us'd to
diflwade
them from it yet neverthelefs he and his Brother Francifcm Lope^, and
four Indi*
mis, went onward of their Journey ; which news the Souldiers carried
back to
the Vrancifcans in Sant ^Bartholomew 5 who fearing their Brethren would
be deftroy'd,
fent feveral Souldiers and a Monk, call'd 'Bernardyn Tehran, after them,
who were
alfo accompanied by Antony EJpejus,vjho fpcnt a great part of his Eftate
in raifing of
Men, providing Arms and Provifions , loading therewith a hundred and
fifty
Horfes and Mules 5 with which he travelled direct North from the foremention'd
Valley^ and after two days Journey found a People call'd Condi, who went
naked,
and liv'd in Huts built together like a Village : They were Governed by
Cafiques,
fed on Hares, Deer, Rabbets, A/^/Xi Calahajhs, and Melons. Several
adjacent Rivers afford them plenty of Fifli. They were amaz'd at the Croffes which
the Spaniards there ere(!^ed, till they were inform'd of a Crucifi'd Saviour.
Elpejus being
every where kindly Entertain'd amongflthem, andcondu(5ted tw^enty two
Leagues
farther, came amongfl the W/4Wxcaird'?^j(p^^re^, of the like
Conftitution with the
Condns'^ who had skill in Minerals, and judg'd that there were many
Silver Mines
in that Countrey. From whence the faffaguates travelled with the
Spaniards to the
Borders of the Los Tohofos, who no fooner faw them, but they fied,
becaufe a fewyears before they had been miferably dealt with by the Spaniards-^hut
being inform'd
by the Interpreters, that they needed not be afraid of any thing, they
all appear'd,
and conduded EJpejus to the Borders of the Tatarahueyes 5 which People
poflefs a
larae Countrey, Stone Houfes and Villages built in good order. Great
Rivers
which come out of the North, and others that difembogu'd into the North
Sea, afforded them all forts of Fifli ; as alfo the Woods plenty of Venifon,
Fowls, and
wholfom Plants. In fome Pools alfo the fait Water afforded Salt.
The Valour of the Inhabitants may fufficiently appear by the rough
Entertainment which the Spaniards met withall the firft Nighty for the

Tatarabueyes fell fo
fiercely upon them, that had not the Watch given notice thereof in time,
none had
efcap'd with Life ,. neverthelefs five Horfes were kill'd, and a
confiderable number of Men wounded : after which retreating, they went upon a
neighboring Hill,
whither Eij!?g5 fent his Interpreter, znd zn Indian the fame Countrey,
to inform
them. That the Spaniards came not tomoleft them, and if they pleas'd to
come to
them, they fliould meet with none but Friends ; which was the more
eafily credi
ted, becaufe the Cajiques receiv'd fome Prefents ; after which being
reconcild, they
conduced the Spaniards twelve days Journey up a long River, whofe Banks
were
inhabited in feveral places. From thence they reach'd to a Place,
inhabited by 3
People richly Cioch'd, who alfo fecm'd to have fome knowledge of God;
for in
theii

Chap. VllL- ^ ^ M E %^t C J.

their DircoLirfe they pointed up to Heaven, call'd the Creator and
Pireferver of afl
things J^dito, and fignifi'd that they had received that Knowledge
formerly from
thofe that were left of f,ml>hilim Narvae;^s Army, who having rangM
throush
Florida were driven hither. >
Thefe People alfo Prefented Efpejus many tann'd Skins, with which he
went to
a great Village, the Inhabitants whereof were very courteous, and
bartered them
for brave Plumes of Feathers and Cotton Cloaks, ftreak'd with blue and
white :
but %yi having no Interpreters whom they could underftand, could not
learn
by what Name they were known-yetby figns they exprefs'd what time of the
year
they had Precious Stones brought to them ; and alfo what their Countrey
produ.
ced J and alfo that abundance of thofe Riches was to be found in a
Province about:
five days Journey Weilward from thence, whither they freely offered to
condud'
the Spaniards, which accordingly they did, bearing them company one and
twenty
Leagues to the next Province, inhabited by a People whofe Name alfo they
could
not be inform'd of,yet flaying three days amongft them,they were

Entertained with
Preiems and Dances both Night and Day. The Countrey afforded them alfo
flore
ofVenifonand Fruits : Thofe that underflood Minerals, judged that there
were
likewife feveral Gold Mines.
Leaving this Province, they entred into a great Wildernefs of
Pine=Trees, in
which they travelPd twelve Leagues in fifteen days, without feeing
either Man
or Houfe j but at the end of the Wood they fpy'd a Village of Straw
Huts, where
there were great quantities of white Salt, and Deer Skins neatly
drefs'd. ThePeo-pie pf the Place courteoufly Entertained the %wr^^, and conduced them
alon^r
the River Del Norte.to New Mexico : The Banks of the River on each fide
was plant
ted with Nut-Trees and Vines, which fpread themfelves out above three
Leagues 5
through which they had fcarce pafs'd three days together, when they law
ten pol
pulous Villages pleafantlyfeated on the faid River, from whence came
many thoufands of the Natives to meet Efpejus, who was not fo much amaz'd at the
great
number of People, as at their extraordinary Civility and decent Habits 3
for they
Entert^in'd him with well drefsM Meat, roafled Poubrey, and pleafant
Fruits :
Their Garments were Cotton Cloaks, Deer-skin Breeches, Shoes and Boots
of good
Leather. The Women wore their Hair neatly Comb'd and Plsited. Their
Houfes
were almoft four Stories high, handfomely built, and divided into fair
Chambers,
had Stoves or Cells under Ground againll the Cold in the Winter. Every
Village
was Governed by a Cafique , whofe Commands were publifliM by the
Jl^ua;^iles. Each
Houfe had a peculiar place in which their Idol flood, before whom Ihey
fet Meat
twice a day. Near the High-ways flood Temples very curioully painted,
wherein
their Deity, as they fay, diverted himfelf in his Progrefs from one
Village to another. At certain Diftances near their Ploughed Lands, flood Tortico's,
fupported on
four Columns, under which the Husband-man us^d to eat, and take his
Noon-fleep.
Befides their Swords, which were flrong enough to cut a Man through the
Middle,
they us'd Bowes and Arrows : Their Shields were made of Deer Skins.
Efpejus having flay'd here four days, went to the Province De las
Tiguas, which

had fixteen Villages ; in the chiefeft whereof, callM^o^/^, .>%/(/?me

%;^ and his
Brother Monk Francifcus de Lope^ had been llain, befides four others 5
wherefore
the People being confcious of this Crime, and fearing that Revenge
wo'uld follow/
led to the Mountains, from whence they could not be enticed, whilil the
Spaniards
?bund their Houfes full of Provifions and fome Minerals.
Now thofe being dead whom they fought for, fome thought it convenient to
re^
and Tehran perfwaded the contrary; aliedging, That farther up, -

urn J but: Efpsjus

i 1 n 1?

ssm

Z54

A M E "B^I C /l.

Chap. VIII.

according to the Indians inforniation, lay feveral Provinces which were

worth the
dilcovcry, and advisM that the chiefeft part of their Forces might ftay
there, whilft
they and fome few refolute Men went farther upon the Difcovery, which
accordingly was performed. Ef^e'-jus having travell'd two days, came into a
fruitful
province, jutting againll Cibola^ in which he found eleven Villages,
inhabited by
above fourteen thoufand People, who were clad in Skins and Cotton,
worfhipp'd
many Idols, and received the Spaniards with great Civility.

The like Entertainment they met withall in the Countrey Loj^n-f5,

w^afli'd by
the River Del Korte j near which ftood five Villages, inhabited by about
fifteen
thoufand Peopko
Thirteen Leagues farther they found Ve los Cunames, having alfo five
Villages, the
chiefeft of which being Cia, boafted (as above mention'd) eight Marketplaces :
The Houfes, made of Lime, were neatly Painted, and comprised in all
above
twenty thoufand Perfons, all civil People, who prefented Efpejus and his
Company
with handfom Cloaks, fet good boyl'd Meat before them, and (hew'd them
rich
Minerals, and the Mountains out of which they got the fame.
Of the like Conftitution were the Inhabitants De los Amires, which being
thirty
thoufand in number, refided in feven well built Villages, lying KorthWeft from
Qinames,
After this they march'd Weftward, and found the eminent Village ^co;4,
mention'd before, built on an exceeding high Rock, to which led onely a
narrow Path
up a pair of Stairs cut in the Rock ; as alfo many Wells to receive
Rain, befides
what they have out of a River, led by Moats round about their Ploughed
Lands.
The S-paniards flaying here three days, were Entertained with all forts
of good Meat,
Dances and Drolls.
From hence travelling twenty four Leagues more Wefterly, they entred the
Province o^ Zuny-^ where the ere(5ted Crofles which had remain'd there till
that time,
were fufficient teitimonies of Coniaro's having been there, after he was
deferred by
Jndrea6 de Cuyocati. Cafper de Mexico, and Antonliis de Guadalajara,
being fetled on 2'?ry,
(otherwife call'd Qbola) and fpeaking the Indian Tongue better than
their Native
Language, informed Efpejus^ that fixty days Journey farther lay a great
Lake,
whofe Shores were crown'd with many brave Villages, inhabited by a
People
which wore Golden Armlets and Ear=.rings ; whither Francifcm Vafaue:^
had gone
a fecond time, had not Death prevented hira. This Information fo
encouraged
Efpejus, that notwithftanding it was fo great a Journey, yet he reiolv'd
to venture
thither, though the Monk Tehran and mod of his Company perfwaded him to

the
contrary; whereupon Tehran returned: After which Efpejus went on to the
faid
Lake whither he was accompanied with a hundred and fifty Indians,
Having gone
twenty fix Leagues, he found a populous Province, whofe Borders he no
fooner
approached, but he was told, That if he was willing to lofe his Life, he
and his Tartj might
enter into a forbidden Dominion ; yet notwithftanding this threatning
Meflage, he
wrought fo much upon the Cafcpue by the Prefents which he fent him, that
he was
permitted to come in freely j nay, the Inhabitants o^ Zaguato ftrow'd
Meal on the
Earth for the Spaniards to go over, and prefented Efpejus at his
departure with forty
thoufand Cotton Cloaks, and a confiderable quantity of Plate, which he
fent with
five of his Soldiers, and all the Cibolan Indians, back to Cibolaj
keeping onely four
Companions and one Guide, with whom he travelled forty one Leagues
Weflward ;
where he found a Mountain, to the top whereof led a broad Path j which
afcending, he took up Silver Oar with his own Hand. The feveral forts of
People that
inhabited here wereall civil and courteous, living in good fafhion, in
pretty larg^
Houfes,

tfnHH

Chap. VliL . ^ M EX_^I C A

Houles, built on the Banks of a plcafant River, fliaded with Vines and
Nut-Trees
and thick planted with Flax : They informed Ef^cjus, that near a River
which
runs eight Miles towards the North Sea, were fuch ftately Palaces^ as
could noc
be beheld without great admiration. But Efpejus going back a plain Road
to Cihola,
found not onely thofe whom he had fent from Zaguato, but alio (Beltra?i^
with the
other Soldiers,who having been detained there by the Civilities and kind
Entertainments of the Indians, were now upon returning home j fo that Efpejus was
lefc
alone with eight Soldiers, who refolv'd to venture their 'Lives and
Fortunes with
him. They travelled along the River T>el Norte, through the Provinces De

losGuires
andHahut^, whofe Mountains, over.fpread with Pine-Trees and Cedars, have
many rich Mines. The Natives wore painted Cotton Cloaks, and dwelt in
ftatcly
Houles five Stories high. At the Borders of the Realm Los Tamos they
wereftopt,
and not permitted to come on farther j wherefore being but few in
number, and
feveral of them fick, they judg d it convenient to crofs the River De
las Faccas {Co
call'd from the abundanceof Cows that were thereabouts) to the River
Conchos and
the Village 'Bartholomew, where Efyejus was inform'd, that Beltran was
long before
his arrival gone to Guadiana,
And now that we may have the better Account of ]S(eTj; Mexico (which
^y;^,
Efpejus, and Tehran endeavored to difcover) it will be neceflary to
begin with the
firft original thereof, according as feveral ancient Hiftories make
mention.
The moil ancient PoiTeiTors of that part of ISlpr them America call'd
NeTi^ Spain ^
were for their fierce and falvage Nature call'd Chichtmec^, who dwelling
in Caves,
fed on Moles, Rabbets, Hedghogs, Serpents, Roots and Herbs. Whilil the
Women
iccompanied their Husbands in their Travels, the Children were put into
Baskets,
and hang'd in a Tree. No manner of Government was to be found amongfl:
them,
rhey never Till'd their Ground till the Navatlacans came from New Mexico
(which
ivas anciently divided into two Countreys, J^tlan and Teuculhuacm) to
New Spain ;
after which they Sow'd their Lands.
The Navatlacans (who us'd to dwell in Houfes, woriliip Images, plough
their
Lands, and obey their Governors) were divided into iix Tribes, each
Tribe poiTef(ing their limited Bounds \ and there goes a Tradition, That out of fix
Pits that
ire to be feen in New Mexico, the Nayatlacans had their original. The
time whea
:hey deftrted New Mexico, as their moftauthentickHiilories or Records
declarc,was
(according to our computation) Anno 940. and they farther affirm, that
they fpent
orty years in a Journey, which might have been travell'd in a Moneth :
The
reafon of which tedioufnefs was,becaufe they refted in all places where
they found
I fruitful Countrcy ; but as they had advice from their diabolical
Spirits, which (as

iheyfay) appeared vifibly to them, they iliU went on farther and

farther, yet lefc
Dehind thofe that were aged, fick, and decrepid, building convenient
Houfes for
:hem, and appointing Overfeers to look after them. The Ruins of the
Houfes are
^et to be feen on the Way along which they pafs'd.
The fix Tribes divided themfelves after this manner : Four of them
fetled
ound about the great Lake of Mexico, The Sichumilans taking the South
part, built,
)efides two other Towns, a Metropolis of their own Name, as the Chakans
on the'
>^orth. The Tapunecans built J:^capu:^alco in the Weft, which fignifies
A Tif mires Hole,
)ecaufe of the abundance of Inhabitants. The Eaftern part was taken up
by the
:halhuans. And all thefe Names have a peculiar fignification ; the firft
fignifies
\ople ofFloWy Fields ; the fecond, People ofMouthes ; the third, <People
of Bridges j and
be fourth, Crooked feople. Not long after, the Tatluicans, a ftrong
People, went over
le Mountains on the other fide of the Mexican Lake,where they built
feveral Town!
on

2Pf

Firft original
of tht ]Ssw
Mexicans,

l>4i<

^li

.^6 AMERICA. Chap. VIII

on a hot, yet fruitful Soil;, the chiefeft whereof they call'd

(^ahunachua^ that is, ^

^iau w\nrz an Eagles Voice is heard. The Tlafcakecans went near the
Snowy Moun
tains, one of which^ being between Mexico and De los Angelos^ vomits
horrid FlarriC
and Smoke up into the Skie. Here fcattering up and down., they built
feveral Vil
lageSj belides the City Tlafcalla j the Inhabitants whereof affifted the
Spamards, a:
hath been related in the taking of Mexico, for v^hich good Service they
live free.
v/ichout paying any Tribute.
When thefc fix Tribes came firft from Mexico thither, the Chichimecans
made licth
or no refiftance againft them, but hid themfelves amongft the Rocks :
yet Tome ol
them not long after taking courage, flew to Arms, and had without doubt
deftroy'c
the Thfcdlans, had not a fubtile Plot fav'd them : for under a fliew of
FriendOiii
they falling on the unarmed Chichimecans., kill'd every Man of them.
Jofeph de Jcojla tells us, that Anno 1586. he faw a Grave in Mexico,
wherein a Chi'
chimecan of a Gygantick fize lay buried.
After this Conquefl gotten by the Tlaj'callans , the fore-mention'd fix
Tribes liv'c
in Peace and Quiet, and ftrengthned themfelves the more by Marrying into
one
anothers Families.
The ChichimeciS keeping on the Mountains left the new People in quiet
pofTef
fion of their Lands, nay, learnt fome of their Cuftoms, iniomuch that
they began to build Huts, chufe Governors^ and live according to their Laws.
The firfi The Tlajcallans having poffefs'd New Spain three hundred and
two years, a fevcntt
Marchofthe -^ 11,1 1 iMixicar^sm- Tribc (a vaiiaut aud cl V iliz d People) came thither, upon
their D^mon Fi:^tlil>u;^di's promiie of having theiupream Government : wherefore he was
carried in
an Ark by four chief Priefts, whom he inform'd whither and when they
fhould
travel or refl, for where ever they flopt, they built a Tent in the
middle of their
Army for their Idol, whom they fet on an Altar j which done^, they Sow'd
the
Ground about them : yet if their D^^mon commanded them to march before
Harvefl;
then they left the Product to the ancient and fick People. But at laft
Afexi, from

whence the Name of Mexico is deriv'd, condutfted the Army into

Mechaocan^ where
the pleafant Soil among the Lakes entic'd many to take up their
Habitation. But
Mexi proceeded on his Journey, yet not without great Croffes, in regard
V'i:^rt'
pu:^tU's Sifter (fome Inchantrefs probably fo call'd) did much hurt to
the whole
Army by her Sorceries, becaufe they would not honor her as a Goddefs,
till Fi;^tlipu:^tU inform'd one of them that carried the Ark, that the Army fhould
march on,
and banifh the Witch from them : whereupon (he accordingly being driven
away,
built the Village M^//Wco,as a Habitation for Conjurers. Mean while^the
Army grew
weaker and weaker by their leaving fo many People behind them in mofl
places ;
therefore they judg'd it convenient to reft a while in Tula, where a
great River
water'd the Countrey which, according to Fi:^tlipu:^di's Commands,
being dry'd
up, made a large Lake about the Mountain Coatepecky whofe Banks being
planted
with Willow and Poplar^Trees, were exceeding pleafant, and the more,
becaufe
of the variety of Birds that made their Nefts in the fame ^ which fo
delighted many of the People, that being tir'd with travelling, they refolv'd to
fettle there ;
which Refolution was fo ill refented by F'i^dipu:^tli yZhit he commanded
the Bank to
be broken, that the Water might have liberty to flow its former Courfe_,
and threat,
ned them with heavy punifliments ; after which in the Night a terrible
Cry ol
Murder was heard in one part of the Army which being inquired after
the nexi
Morning, they found divers People lying on the Ground with their Breafts
cu'
open, and their Hearts pulTd out ; whereupon thofe that remained went on
tc
Chapultcpecj where- they fortified themfelves in the Mountains againft
the adjacen
People

-^u

Vi%tliuz,ttt idotun,

iil

^e 1 v m

ription
le Image

atujrufft

i Fditti

'Nl

11

l-.'Sji^viSiS>t7 .

3hap. VilL ^AMERICA,

People, which Co^i/, Son to the Maimakofi Witch, had rais'd up againft
them , an
foon after the Tapunecans and Chalcans went againft their new Neicrhbors
With
ivhom they began a bloody Fight, when Vit;^iloVnli, at that time General
of the
Mexican Army, pre/Ting in amongft them, broke their Ranks, and made way
for
ill his Army (though with his own Death) to march Conquerors to Culhuac
an t
rhe Prince of which Province gave them a Place to fettle on, near the
white Water
ficaapanj whofe Shores fwarmM with Adders and Serpents, upon Defign that
the
strangers might be deflroy'd by them j but it prov'd quite otherwife :
for they
ATithout regret eat the poyfonous Animals j and Dunging the unfruitful
Soil, re^
:eiv'd a plentiful Harveft : They would willingly have fetled here,
after their fo
ong ranging up and down, if Fi:^tlipu:^di would have approved thereofbut he
old them, that they mufl poflefs themfelves by Arms, and make a
Qulhuacan Maid
heir Goddefs ; whereupon they defir'd the G/i^we's Daughter of
Culhuacan, who
?vas fent them in rich Ornaments, and with a ftately Retinue : But (he
was no
boner entred on the Tkaapan Shore, but they flay'd her alive, and her
Skin being
tuffd, and nam'd Tocci, was religioufly worfliipp'd. But not fatisjfi'd
with this
:ruelty, they fent for her. Father to vifit his Daughter in her Dignity;
who ac
:ordingly coming with great Attendance, was led into a dark Chappel,
where by
he burning Tapers he knew the Goddefs to be no other than his Daughters
Skin
tuff'd full of Cotton ; whereat burning with rage, he afterwards fell
upon thefe
vlurderers with all his Forces, and drove them to the Place where they
afterwards
)uilt Mexico*
We have often made mention heretofore of the Governor of this Journey^

'^iK^ltpuzslh it will therefore be neceflary to give an exader

Defcription of him, as
"oUoweth :
He was a woodden Image like a Man, fitting on a blue Seat in a
triumphant
Dnair J at each end of which was plac'd a Staff with a Serpents Head

upon it, from

vhofe Forehead, which was Painted blue, ran a Streak of the fame colour^
crofs
lis Nofe to both his Ears ; upon his Head flood a Plume of Feathers, the
ends
;\^hereof were tipp'd with a golden Varnifli .. his left Hand held a
white Shield, on
jvhich ftuck five Feathers, and on the top a Laurel Bough - next the
Shield lay four
fVrrows, pretended to be fent from Heaven j in his right Hand a
Truncheon, full
)f blue crooked Streaks like Serpents j behind on his Shoulders appeared
Wings,
lot unlike thofe of a Bat, his Eyes large and round, and his Mouth
reaching from
iar to Ear, made him terrible to behold, alfo gaping, and full of Teeth,
which
luck out of his Belly; in his Breafl alfo were two fiery Eyes, and under
them a
liriveird Nofe ; his Feet ended in Claws, hung round about with Precious
Jems,
golden Boxes and Shields fet out with divers coloured Feathers, The
Curtain belind which this Idol fat, was not drawn open except on a Feaft-Day.
Next Vi^tltpu^tU flood generally a lelfer Image, calFd Tlahoc, and alfo
the Godlefs Toed, Daughter to the Prince of Qulhuacan, who (as before
mention'd) was
lay'd by their Demons Command. Since which time they fuppos'd, that they
vere never more acceptable to their Gods, than when they appeared
Clothed inan)ther Man's Skin ; and accounted no Offering better, than a Heart taken
out of
heir Enemies Breafl, fince their Spirit deflroy'd fo many after that
manner in the
Vrmy at Ttt/^.
But Tocci, they fay, had alfo a Son much inclin'd to Hunting, whofe
Image they
:arry, attended by a thoufand People, with the found of Horns and
Trumpets, to
n Arbor on a high Mountain ; which being made of green Leaves pleited,
had in
he middle an Altar, on which they fet the Idol, wbilll the Multitude
furroundea

Defcription
of the Imagt

BB

M I

^^8 zl M E %I C J, Chap. 15
the Foot of the Mountain, and fee all the Bullies about the fam^ onPirc;
wh'u
done, they fhouted and hollow^, and play'd on feveral Inftiumcnts
which frigh
ing the wild Beafts that lay (helterM in the Woods, made them run to the
top (
the Mountain, where they were more and more inclos'd by the People,
infomuc
that many of them were (lain for an Offering before Tocas Son's Altar
whic
done, they carried the Idol back to his Temple, and the People made
Merry wit
the flain Venifon.
Defcnption As great Reverence they Oiew'd to Te:<:catlipuca, becaufe (as
they faid) he pardon
ririmlgr their Sins. This Idol was made of a black Oiining Stone,richly
Apparell'd.havin
Golden Earrings. in his undermoft Lip a Silver Sheath, in which ftuck
fomi
times a green, and fomeiimes a blue Plum.e of Feathers -, his Hair was
ty'dwitha
- embroider'd String, at the end of which hung a Golden Ear, whereon
Smoak w;
Painted, fignifying the Prayers of opprefs'd Sinners - moreover, the
String hun
full of Pearls, and about the Neck in a String hung a Jewel on his
Breaft, as a
fo on his Navel, a green Stone; in his left Hand he held a Fan made of a
Go!
Plate, in which ftuck many coloured Feathers : this Plate glittering

like Glai
was in ftead of a Mirrour for 7e;^catlipuca, to obferve all worldly
Tranfadions^
the fame : and to puniOi Criminals, he held four Darts in his right
Hand. H
Feafl they kept once in four years.
This Idol alfo had the Command of Hunger, Drought, Famine, and peftilej
tial Diftempers j wherefore he had quite another iLape, fat on a Stool
behind
red Curtain embroider'd with dead Mens Bones and Sculls j his Body Coal
blac!
his Head ftuck full of Quails Feathers, a Quiver with four Arrows in his
left, ar
a Rod in his right Hand, which made the Image feem very terrible.
The Idol 2et;^4/co^/, being their Guardian over the Merchants, was
plac'd in
high Temple, being fhap'd like a Man, his Face onely excepted j for that
refen
bled a Bird's Head, with a red Bill full of Teeth, a Comb, and a long
Tongue
on the hind-part of his Head flood a Mitre, and about his Legs Silk
Garters bef
with Pearls.

C H A p. IX.
Cibola Tontonteac, and Nova Granada.
T Hough the Province of Zuriy above-mention'd in the Chapter of ]>((
Mexico, in the Voyage o^ Ejpeju^, be there otherwife called, and appear
i
be the fame with Ctholaj yet we find it not treated of by any as part <
]Slew Mexico^ but by fome as a diftin^t Province, by others as a part of
Califoni
largely taken ; for befides that California, properly fo call'd, hath
formerly been t
ken rather for a fenmfula than an Ifland, and ftill affords to fome an
Argument
queftion, whether it be one or the other. The whole extent of the
Province gen
rally fo termed, hath been reputed to comprehend the fuppos'd feninfula
it felf, (
hola, QuiVtra, andNoV^ Aihion j but fince, according to the beft Maps
and Difcov
lies, there feems little doubt to be made, that Calijornia, ftridly
taken, is a pcrfe
Ifland : and fincc upon rhat Confideration we have referved it to be
defcrib
amongft the ifiands c^^ Tier them America^ we alfo conicquently judge it
mod requ
iite to confidei chok Countreys apart that were included in the extended

California
Cih^

fliW"

^p*

Chap. XI. ~ J M E%^1 C A

Province is indifferently temperace elLiall f '^ f ""'' ^''' ^'' "^ "^^
Colds of ^m The Councrey is for che oft par, lell and ^ bin ? " '"'^
havmg but few Trees i ic, except here and there fome Woods of ^^^ ^"'T
"'
yet do abundant y f.pply the Natives both .ith Tin,b rid Pewel Tl^'r
"!.'
affords plenty of 3fc^, and fome fmalU.hice Peafe of borl . 1 L l''
^'""''
makeBread There-sgreatftoreofVenifon/andaLdofstrt^
as K fl,ouId fee by theu Fleece; as b,g as fo^e little Horfo o Oxfn S
T' T'
Horns weighine forty or fiftv Pniinrl n . i r ' ""^ ^^^"' 'oe of their
this Bead iy I, o other thanT-l ' ^f ''^ Tr ^^ '^"" "^^'^' f Authors,
is extrean^ly t^h.ck and J a"! llZ ^t'TT' ''"7'"^ '^'"'^'^' ^'^^^ Ha,
u r I ^, ^^^^ggy^ ^n<3 of whicji they make Cloth ^^ ^r u^ . , V
would gladly de/o;te:'tt":;j::rhr ' Tt';e"T''^ ^
Limb'd, tall of Stature, and feemL beTli" ^ ^^ "' ^'""'"^ "''"
bors of 2m. yet thev ^onltZ %''"^^"''= Ingenious than their Ne.ghof SkinrivKi N ^ ^ many of them, onely cover'd With Mantle^ J.A
or 5Kins, vvhichareiTjanv rimpc: r.o;r.r^j j r . . -- ^ ^^'^ ^^^^nties
made
J r a: 1 ^"^-^"7 cmi^s painted, and that w th iuch C(Jri^s'7^.r . j a
do lufficiently argue char npirl.Pr ^u r i , ^uriOiity and Arc, a^
whon.theyhLe'hL xlrr^^^^^^^^^

dife and Comrr,odity o?roL otr N^ "\ "' "^T '^'^ "' ''' ^^^hanthe NorthAVeft Seas do TrTde ^ ^^ m"' ^"^'^' ""^^'"''^ ^ """"' ^ho, by
Th.s part of the ^iT^^i^nlt ITZrb.;^:? SlSl^''^
"xl-ri^^trbrL^^^^^^^^^^ "% -:
the midft of the Province. uDonwtv't,^*'"^'''''''''' '^'""^ ^'"''i i"
old Towns of the Natives; r:e:te;7cr;:Mf'; ^''^^/7^ ^"''^^ ''^''^
Cottages or little Houfes Ind were Z G-aT f ' **'' ^'""'^^^'^ f their
of Defence, fo as the vC.f c^dt e ot m! e'^S'::; T^b'^'^p" ^'"'^^
Storming : In the attempt whereof FaU.. r 7 ' ''"' ^^ '^^" ^"'^
was twice beaten down i.th s::i:^z::;:^:' ^z^"-^^' - 1'*^'
he found m it good plenty of Ma.z indeed Jl^ ; t ' ^ r "'^'"S the Place,
Arn.y. butnothing elfe : ihereu I'Sg :^ cirilt j,?/^ "'"' ' ''
fthe V.ce.Roy of Ne^ Spa., who fent him upon t a Exp dt"^^^^^^^^ '"r'7
In his return homewird he fell upon a cert.ih " """ '"''P'''';'"". ^e
departed.
>^ of which his Companions renorr "'^' "'^'^'^ ''* "^"'"'J r**"
call'd a,on theBank7wh"eo^ nTr /""'' -firft, of a certain R.ver
'here ftand no lefs than fiftren 2d R ^'T ^ ^^nl'^ "-""' ^
thereabouts, .
^-A Stoves or Hot-houfes Jnft 'he SoT/ ' " ^"^' ^"'^ ^"^"''^'''^ ''^-'^
'iro of a very fruitful and ^le^f "f V 1 1-1 "^ '"" ^'^""^"y^ '^^ ^"-/^ ^.- . ofanlther grea Tot "d S ^LT 'mS^.^';?'""^^ ""''' ^-^-'^ory, all of them defcrrb'dL tctthfntd T 1,"' ^^^ ' ^'"'^ ^^' T-brtheG.p,ay;,of^J,;Vfre .at r r";"^'""' ^'^^""'"^ '^^^^ tl,em
ifit them a fecond time SSfr ^- ."^ ' " ^^'""''^''' ^"^ "^-^ known
to
'fthe North. Weft P^'oLr"'" t' ^^'^ ''"" ""de fince berng onely
^-ofartherthlo ; ' .^SlrnJ; ' ''n''''''' "^'^-^-'l. an J
^eymet with, a^ namely ^Lfls ""'" ^^^ "' P-montories which
'hich they call <li>o dd Nordt 7 V, ' c"""" " '^' ^"^'' "^ 'he River
G ff 2;
^ - ' ~ > ^ ,^ ' , lontonieac

Siuntion,
Icniperature, aiii

Pioduu'ions

CO

A M E%1 C J.

Chap. IX.

tentontiM'

Keva Granada a Province of Northern America

Its Defcription.

OMonteac is mention'd by fo few, and by thofe few fo obfcurely, that it

can- not well be determin'd to be any other than that Countrey which lies
about
the ereat Lake Toutcac, above fpoken of in QM", and which being made
Habitable
bv fix or feven Towns not inconfiderable for Habitations of native
hdians, might
haply pafs for a diftinft Province. And perhaps the reafon why this
Province hath
been fo obfcure, and little taken notice of, might be from the ruine of
thefe Towns
by War, or fome other Accident : and to thispurpofe are the words of a
late Writer, T/;e?<-Vmo/Tontonteac (faith ht) hath five Houja ondyUft,ivhd
ft^i onthe
Shore of a fait Lake.
Ova Granada, befides that it is a generally known and defcrib'd Province
of
J. ^ Southern Jmerica, is alfo nam'd araongft the Provinces of Northern
Jmer.ca.

particularly by Smi,, Ckverm, and Golnkzi>^, and in fome late Maps

oUnertca fo
confpicuoufly fpecifi'd, that it might appear to be all that Ttaft of
Land which
contains both Ke- Mexico and the feveral Provinces adjoyning to it ;
but lince we
find it not defcrib'd by any at large, it will with moft verifitnility
pafs for that
part of New Mexico where ftands the City of St. F<.> ; and this is moft
plainly exprefs d
by Monfieur Martim, though there are who confound Cihoia with New
Granada. Wavins which Decifion, we ftall onely infert a fliort Defcription of the
Place, accor.
ding to Cornato, who feems to have been one of the firft Difcoveters of
thefe Parts,
and whofc Credit is preferr'd before that of MoK.</eN<^<i.
Nova Granada (faith he) confifts of feven Villages, built in the
circumference of
four Leagu-s the chiefeft whereof boafts two hundred Houfes, which for
the moft
part are four or five Stories high, and built of Stone ; the Cellars
thereto belongina beina neatly Pav'd, ferve for Stoves againft the Cold : they afcend
to theu
upper Ro^oras by Ladders. The Inhabitants go naked, onely fome Covering
about
their Middle and over their Shoulders Cotton Cloaks, painted with divers
Co.
lours They live on Mai^ white Peafe, Hares, Rabbets, and Venifon : their
Salt
wherewith they feafon the fame, they fetch from a neighboring Lake. The
Tur.
kies which they have in great numbers, are kill'd onely for their
Feathers not.
withftanding their Flelh is exceeding good Meat. The Soil is for the
moft part
plain, yet hath fome high Mountains ; and the Paftures flourifli with
Grafs. The
Woods abound with Bears, Tygers, Lyons, wild Hogs, Rhinocerots, and the
like
ravenous Beafts, which make the Ways dangerous for Travellers. Befides
larg(

Deer, there are alfo Sheep, which in bigncfs may compare with Horfes,
having ex
ceeding ereat Horns, and little Tails.
Concerning the abundance ofTurkoifes, of which Ni^a makes mention,
Cornaf
could sivc no certain account, becaufe a little before his Arrival the
Granadtam ha(
convey-d their Children, which were under fifteen, and the aged People,
who wer,
above fixty years of age, with their chiefeftGoods, into remote places.
However
it is not unknown, that this Countrey affords TKrAo//a; for Cornato m
his Joiirne;
to Qumra, Befieg-d a City in thefe Parts near a great Rivet; the
Inhabitant
whereof when they were not able to defend themfelves any longer,
throwing thei
Cloaks Turkoifafind other Riches into the Fire, Sallied out upon the
Spaniards, an
died not altogether unreveng'd, as fliall be fpecifi'd more at large in
the Defcnptio
of T^m, which being nam'd among the Towns o{ Quiv.ra, will upon the
comp:
ling of Circumftances,be apparently found to be the lame with this.
Laftly, H"'' Cranadahath no Fruit-Tiees, but little Cedars fit for
Building.
CHA

Chap. X.

jci

^/i^Jtfi ^,i ^tk st^ st^ st/ st. e d:. .''-. .4. A

<i^ M E'^I C J.

CHAP. X.

1
Quivira.
Umrnh the next Regioa accounted of CMfonua lareelv taken v .
ing by feme Charts to lie fo vaftly .en.ote IT n U ^J ^ ^'^^'"^
^-d other Provinces already menfirnT ,'/J ^f" "*"'" '''"^'"^'
And wl^TTas J^.. Granada is by feveral mad T ' ^'' t ''" "'"^ '"'' ^^^
'^"d.
rain it it is, that by fon^e rt is co o derwth t'his C ^" """'" ' ^"
""'^ "a part thereof, as hereafter ftall moTe plai" ap L^"""!' " " ?''
"^""^''*
chofe that have moft fully and particufarly d'eS^d 'it"" ^"' '" ^'^
""""""^ ^^
fuch) or elfe ,oyn,g to the Continent of W,, It is it 1 Ih/l "rv% ^"^'^^^^
part of all the W/.M^., efpecially for Corn rlrJl l l "'^ ^'""'^^J """"
"
fturage indifferent good, ^l^l CoJ::;t:,f^;^'Zt^ ^^^^^^^^^^ ^"'^ ^^thing elfe but Pafturage. The Natives arf few iLff ^ V"'' '''^' '"'^ "'
great Co.pan,es togLer, after the InTerTf S' tlT''T'''''
Ne.ghbors , and (as it is not improbably thought) of I P '^ "'
Clothe themfelves moft commonly in that k nd of O^ h /" ,^'"'- ^'"= ^^="
under the Name of T.. Me..a>L rtl W^ILwc" r .'^ 1r T""" '^^'^ ^
nocwithftanding the Countrey, efpeciall To Tne h Tl.f '"= '^^'^ "^'^' ^
cold. Their Cattel, though they afe mn/h l.f. 7 . 5"^''' '' "'^sffive
are the chief Suftena'nce an'd Em'plollfof t Nat--; ^Ta' '''"^ "'
^"''^^> '
whereoffrom place to place, the PeoT ive a ^ ' by Pafturing huge Herds
Parts. Yet fome of them inhabit Town, ' ^"'','"f'"^^' Traffick with
other
to be thefe v.hich follow ' "" -^^-^ '''"-f^ - 7- dilcover'd, feem
I. ^CA^, ovAcuco, a fmall Tnwrn kM^ r i ^
being a great Staple for Co ton tie T '' u ' '^"'"^ ^'^'"^'^^' P'-=. ^"d
- or
n- ,^r . r^^^^i^ v^otton, the Territory about it harl-, K^.r. . \ r ,
chief note.
fima Provmce, and by fome call'd The WW 2Z '" ^' ' '"
1. -^'.S"", aTownfeatedupon theBanUnf . p- ' l ,

and inhabrted, it feems; by a Lut a^d r S fe^ol" .TV'' 'TI ^^"^>

coming amongft them in the Year, c.n ,, 'r' ^'"^ '"^"m the Spaniards,
a Siege for thelpace of fo We!" nd at ^^^'^7'"^^"^ = forthey endur'd
by their Enemifs, that therTwas L mea s ! C ', ^'?'^'^" ''^ ^'""S'^
^eg.rt
themfelves, rathe; than they To Id fJa ^'nltT '".^ '^, ""'f' ' ^^''^^g
"P
fpoil'd all fuch Treafure as thev had rl I 't"o^""^'' ^'^^^ firft-buried
and
Gems, that the Countrey aid /, aL .t^T ^'^'^P'^'"^' and a few orher
fluff, they took their W.v^es1;;'ch',r;:::hth:n^^":rm"af ''Z ""'''^out upon the Spaniards wherein =,1,1, u l ' " ''^ * deiperate Sally
undertheHorffsFeet, orlow 7i tl 7 T" "'^ '''^='" "^'"' -'^ -^
lofs to the Spaniards t emfe Ive! nor wo ll u%7"'\'' ^'' " "^ ^^"'^'"e
up the Tcwl till ic w" fi^ aC Zr Eat! d V'^^ ""^ '''' '''-' ''''-"
init. This Town byallCircurftn,'"'''y'"''^"'"g" abide
nKntion-d in Nov. g1 v^h Tmar"' ZT'' '^ '" '^^ "''*> 'f'- before
^^.G.W.isbVfomeco:Voun dJi r^:: ll^^^^^^^ -- That
ea with, 01 at leatt taken for a part of this Reaion.
-' ' ) ticuic.

-:.r.%^.:

^aaai^ta^

loi

A M E %^I C A

Chap. X.

Htcva Alb'sen.

, Ciculc, another fmall Town, fout days Journey frotr, n^,. The Countrcy
about this place, although generally it be all good Pafturage and
n.a.ntams abun.
da ceofcLei;yecisitfoopen-<Jpl-". '^-^f"''"*l^ hundred M.les toge.
ther the SH.i in their March huher from N.. Sp.i,, found neither Stone
nor
Tre nor any thing elfe that could ferve the... for a Land=mark, fo that
they were
forc-d, as they march'd along, to ra.fe up Heaps of Cow-dung. to ferve
thenr for
direa on in their comingback. which was not long after : for not
findmgthe Con,.
,odities they fought for, and fearing to be furpr.s'd by W.nter .n
thofe coW Countreys where they had no kind of accommodation, they made fomewhat a
hafty
Retreat leaving behind them onely fome few Religious Men, of the Order
of
St. Francis, whofe Endeavours to do the People good by Convertmg them to
the
true Knowledge and Worflrip of Almighty God, procured them not long
after, the
Crown of Martyrdom, being murdefd all of them, except one, by the
Natives, and
he not without much difficulty efcapingtheit Hands.
0V4 Jlbion was fo denominated by Sir FmncU Vrake. when he was there
EnterX ^ tain'd by the King of that Countrey, but whether it were in fij.V"-.
that he
was thus Entertain'd, and left that Denomination, or in the Ifland of
Cd^orm., appears not either from the Relation, or from the common Confent of
Cofmographers, fince fome there are, who will have QmV,ra and Now Jhm to be one
and the
Le Province ; others reckon it to be the utmoft North-Weft F ^^
C.;,>r,. ;
. others make it diftinft from Qufvtr., yet determine it not to the
Ifland Cahforma,
feeming rather to make >t an adjoyning Countrey to Ol-m :
^"^;;^j^"f^^^
little elfe that concerns the Defcription of the Place, except the fard
Voyage of
l)rAe, we fhall here fet it down, and leave the farther Difqu.fitron
concernmgthe
Situation of the Place, till we come to defcr.be the iQand oi Uhfoma >t
felf.
s. ... Captain Fr.ncu Vr.h fet Sail from ?;,../. >- 1 577- and f^]^
"^^^^^

-!' getting through th. Str.i^k. of M.,.//., arr.v'd m the Haverj

C^' "; J'^ " V
. fore his coming thither taken as many rich S^m/; Ships in the Southern
Ocean as
he could poffibly have wifliM for , fo that his onely care now needed to
have be n
how to get fafe Lme, yet he ptit on a Refolution, not to come 0^" f "K.^./W, who Saild about the World. Which brave Refolution ^^ 2)"^- J^'
, approv'd ;f by all his Sea-men ; whereupon he fet Sail along ^^c No"h
f C '/ i the fifth of ? . being gotten into forty two Degrees, -^.ch was the
fa^h ft
that GW/a went,he came on a fudden out of a warm Air into fo frigid a
Climate
that the Sea-men were almoft kill'd with Cold, and the farther they went
th
colder it grew : wherefore falling down three Degrees more Southerly,
they go
Lto a con'venie'nt Haven, where the Natives who liVd along the Shore
bro.g
them Prefents , which D^fa left not unrequited, by returning them
other., that
were to them more novel, and not imiifeful.
N..a.a Thefe People areexceeding hardy , for.notwithftanding the
extraordinary cold.
^^ " nefs of the Climate, the Men go naked , but the Women wear G^- f
P'^ ^^
Flags or Ruflies, which being put about their Middle, hang down to then
Ancles ,
on their Stomachs hang the ends of a hairy Skin ty'd together, which
hanging alfo
over their Shoulders, cover their hinder Parts. They fl^ew- great Re ped
and
Obedience to their Husbands. Each Houfe is furrounded with an Earthen
Wall
andali the Corners thereof being cloie ftopp'd -^^.f -V^^'^'iL nea
them, they are very warm. RuOks and Flags ftrow d thick on the Ground
near
the Walls, ferve them in flead of Beds. t^i .c nf
The W. coming a fecond time to Vifu the B,,/,;//., brought then. P-umes
of

.j;rt:-:-3:'*:

Chap. X.

AMERICA.

303

tertaiiimeut
by the King
of the Cote''

Feathers Neckbands of Net-work, and ftore of Tobacco : 'Drake pkas'd

with this
the.r k.ndefs, bu.lt Tents on the Brow of aHili. on the top of Jhich
Z^ln^Z
flood that brought the Prefents, whil'ft one of them with a loud voice
ma nt WJ
a long D.fcourfe, which he had no fooner ended,but every one kid dlwnh
LsTwe
and Arrows, and walk'd unarm'd down to the Tents to profFer their G^fe
thd
Zl J'^r? '^' o " '^' 'f ' P'''^'^''^ '>"='' Cheeks, and made fad
la,le;;ation
M ^[tf tF '."^".'""'^^ '"^^y ade Offering: there : whereuTonhe 2
cans d all h. Men to knee down and fay their Prayers, which made Zlnl^^Z
The rumour of thefe Strangers arrival rDrP3,l;n^ ,tl l ^
tUpJr,U-,W,r-,,: c J ?' "^^' 'P'^*'"g all over the Countrev. made
*< ethe Inhabitants far and near defirous to fee them . t^P !?; 1,; rtc r
mim<
baflTador? rr, TirA^ .^ ;f l- , , ' ^ '^'"S himfelf fending Am- h"'
baliadors ta Drake, to inform him that he was on the Way coming to fee
him M Z'
which the Agents related at large, and defir'd fome Prefents J.la '' u
their King fliould be welcome which he being affur'd of I T"^ '''"
above twelve thoufand Men, beVore whttLt: ~t^^^^^^^^^
inga coftly Scepter, on which, by three long Chain, ^J.Tn',^'
great ana a fmall Crown made of /eathers Tf.^l^Tt Kin^^^^^rS I
Sure of ConySkins , then came a great confus'd company of People
ealofh;'
carrying a Prefent : w ereupon Drake putting his Men Lo good L a cW
ad d^nf dS t^ tl T ''' ^--''-- f a long PreLble, and'Xn^'h
and his Jholelt :ue ,1^^^^^^ f,f ."S' ^^^^ ''e Sung himfelf , then the
King
Che King went ^X^t!l:;:^2;:i^i:: 1:^^^ ^'"^ 77
Realm aifuring him, that all the plople fhould b^und^ h s"^t .n^c:'^

whLh
^:i':r.:^;::r:::^f^,^^^^ on h. Head, and hanging th;;'d::Se
Countrey in Qu en S / Vl '^. whereupon Drake took poffeffion of the
ga tne&,^/,;/,,eveiy one looking very earneftly upon them, and
' to

f^m

?+

A Monument
erefred by
Drake before tlOfl
hisdeparture

^ M E %! C J. Chap. XI.
to thofe whom they lik'd beft, being the
crying,
profferM Offerings, as to Gods, and held
of thenr .,
^vhichtheBW,y7>reft.fing, theydefifted;
and de.
fir-d fome Pltifters of them, which they

yo.ngeft they falling down ar>d

their Cheeks to draw Blood ot:t
but (hew'd them great Wounds,
fupph'd them with.

The En.m going up into the Countrey found the fame well grown with
Woods,
which abounded with Coneys, whole Heads differ'd little from the rof..
, but
havm? Feet like Moles, long Tails like Rats, and in their Sides a Bag,
wherein
when'they had fiU'd their Bellies they put the remainder They alfo faw
numerous Herds of Deer,with whofe Flcfh having been courteoufly Entertain d
in feveral
Villages, they return'd to the Fleet. Drake, juft before he weighed
Anchor, caus'd
a Pillar to be fet in the Ground with a Silver Plate on the fame, with
an InfcripuuM mentioning the Day of his Arrival, Name and Arms of Queen H/^.fef J,

and
free delivering of that Realm to him by thtlnd.ans : he alfo nail'd a
Sixpence with
the Qiieens Effigies on the Plate, under which he caus'd his own Name to
be
Eneraven. , .

THE

D S

O F

America.

CHAP. XL
Terra Js^o'va, or J\(jyv-found Land, with the Illand of Jfumftion.
Aving treated at large of all the feveral Regions and Provinces of the North part of the Continent of Jmerka, we
come now to thofe Illands that lie within the fame Degrees of Northern Latitude with that part of the Continent : The firfl is Terre Neuye, or ?{eii?'found Lznd^ difcover'd together with feveral other Parts upon the Continent
before mentioned by S'n Sebajlim Cahott, by the Countenance and Charge of King Henry the Seventh of England j
whereupon ? rightful Claim thereunto, and Intereft therein, hath been
own'd by
the fucceeding Kings o^ England, as hereafter fliall be more
particularly related.
situationnnd m^^-found Land is fituatcd betwixt the Degrees of forty fix
and fifty three of
mvo-fomi ;^;foi.chein Latitude, and is divided from the Continent ot
Jmema by an Arm ot
the Sea, in like diftance as England is from France. The Illand is as
large as England
in length, greater in breadth, and lies near the Courfe that Ships
ufually hold in

their Return from the VAJl^hidies, and is near the mid.way between
Lcland and

Virz^^iiA.

We

Mh

^^

:^l

^i^JS^.

20 y
lln- Teibperattire
Ith*
are Nature df
the Inhabi*
nor tants.
anisM

ich
her
iiinth
naor

; fQ Coittmbclious HarborSa

*ail
lif:by
extch
the
the
ry
in,
itis
ac
;rs
figs
riy
'at
ao
a*
id
at

a*
rrs

y^

^:--*--"

I '

. -J .: ' JIL:J

Cliap. Xf. . ^ M E%_^IC A. ,^,We (hall not much need to commend the wholfom temperature of this CoUntipple
trey, feeing the greateft part thereof lieth above three Degrees nearer
to the South
than any part of England doth, fo that even in the Winter it is pkafant
and health!
ful as England is, r ^ v-^^ui
The natural Inhabitants of the Countrey, as they arc but few in number,
fo are Ne <r
hey fomethmg a rude and falvage People, having neither knowledge of God
nor ./"*
hvmg under any kind of Civil Government. In their Habits, Cuftoms, and
Man- '
nets, they refemble thchuUans of the Continent, from whence it is to be
fuppos'd
they come ; they live altogether in the North and Weft part of the
Countrey,which
.s fe dom frequented by the EngUjh : but the French and 'B,fcainen (who
refor^ hither
yearly for the Whale-fifhing, and alfo for the Cod.fiftj report them to
be an "
genuousandtraaable People (being well us'd) and very ready to affift
them with
great labour and patience in the killing, cutting, and boyling of
Whales, and making the Trayn-Oyl, without expcftation of other Reward than a little
Bread or
loraeluch ImallHire. '
It hath the moft commodious Harbours in the World, and the moll fafe
Seas to com-.
Sa.1 to It there being no? any inands,Rocks or Sands between the LandsEnd in En.. "' ""'""'
/W and N.^-found Land,,nd for the moft part it is not above three or
four Weeks Sail
thither, and lefs coming back ; and is the moft commodioufly fituated
for the difcovering of the North- Weft Paffage, and other Inlets into the South Sea
. whereby
the ordinary Voyages to a,., Japan, zad.he Eaft-Mies, are much eas'd in

the exrfTei;*Z/;::' ""'"'' - ^"' ''' ""^ ^^" - ^-^^ ^ ^-^ ^-"' ^-y ^^-^
themLtttfiltulVeft/'^ "''' '''''^' -' '-^"- ^'^"^ -^
^Tor.Ba^ and CapeUnSay lying alfo on the Eaft, ftretch themfelves
towards the
The B,y,ofTreMey, St. Mary, Sorrel, and flaifance. on the South part of
the
Land, extend their Arms towards the North. ^
The great Bay of St. <Peters lying on the South.Weft fide of the Land
and SournI'''"''A^t7' ^'T '" "'" ^"y "'"' '^''" f North Latitude, being very
commodioufly feared to receive Shipping i feafonable Weather,both t;
Anchor in
and from thence to Sail towards either the Eaft, Weft, or South. It hath
three Arms'
or Rivers, long and arge enough for many hundred Sail of Ships to moare
faft^
Anchor near a Mile from the Harbours Mouth. Clofe adjoyning to the IUv
St tZZt ""'"' ' """'' "P^" ^^"'^' -" ^-'"^ '''h -^^ Efficient Winter and Summer, to mamtain great ftore of ordinary Cattel,
befides Hogs
and Goats, if fuch Beafts were carried thither , and it ftandeth North
moft of an^;
Harbor in the Land where our Nation praftifeth Fifliing : It is near
unto a great
Bay lying on the North fide of it, call'd The Say of Filers to which
Place no
untotheBayofr./4,adtheLtom\fCeoricrrys' """ ""
ClSt^moft ' ^'''"'r '':: ""'"''-- ^ H"bour, lying i a more
temperate
fant aS . ^ ir T l^^egrees of North Latitude, and is both fair and plea'ant, and a whollom Coaft free from Rocks and Shelves j fo that of all
other Har.* boars

B;rries and
Fruits.

Herbs ami
Flowers.

Beafts;

.06 AMERICA, Chap. XL

bours it lies the mod South of any in the Land, and mod conveniently to
receive
our Shipping, pafTing to and from Tirginia and the 'Bermuda Iflands ;
and alfo any
other Shipping that fliall pafs to and from the River of Canada, and the
Coaft thereof, becaufc they ufually pafs, and fo return in the fight of the Land
o^TrefpaJpy,
and alfo for Tome other purpofes, as fliall be partly declared in the
following
Difcourfe. *
Fruitful Soil, The Soil of this Countrey in the Valleys and fides of the
Mountains is fo fruitful, as that in divers places the Summer naturally produceth without
Tillage, great
plenty of green Peafe, and Fitches, fair, round, full, and as wholfom as
ours in
England,
Of Berries and Fruits, there grows Strawberries, red and white, and as
fair
Rafpice.berries and Goofe- berries as there be in England 5 as alfo
Bilberries, which
are call'd by fome Whortes, and many other delicate Berries peculiar to
the Countrey, in great abundance. Likewife fmall Pears, Cherries, Filberds, ^c.
There are alfo Herbs for Sallets and Broth, as Parfly, Alexander,
Sorrel, O-c. and
alfo Flowers, as the red and white Damask Rofe, with other kinds, which
are moft
beautiful and delightful, both to the fight and fmell. And queftionlefs,
the Countrey is ftor'd with many Phyfical Herbs, though their Yertues are not
known.
When Corn v/as firft Sow'n here, it wasobferv'd to grow very fair, the
increafc
was great, and the Grain very good ; and feveral forts of Kitchin Plants

that have
been Set here, have prov'd very well.
In divers parts of the Countrey there is great ftore of Deer, and fome
Hares, many Foxes, Squerrils, Beavers, Martins and Otters, yielding excellent
Furrs, Wolves
and Bears, with other forts of Beafts, ferving as well for Neceflity, as
for Profit
and Delight.
Variety both of Land and Water.Fowl is in this Countrey infinite : The
chief
Land-Fowl, befides a great number of fmall Birds, that live by fcraping
their Food
from the Earth in the hardeft Winter,are Hawks,great and fmall
Partridges,Thrufli,
and Thruffels abundance, very fat 5 as alfo Filladies, Nightingales, and
fuch like,
which fing moft pleafantly. There are alfo Birds that live by prey, as
Ravens,
Gripes, Crows, ere. For Water^Fowl, there is certainly fo good, and as
much
variety, as in any part of the World, as Geefe, Ducks,'Pigeons, Gulls,
Penguins,
and many other forts. Thefe Penguins are as big as Geefe, but do not
flye, for
they have but a little fliort Wing 5 and they multiply fo infinitely
upon a certain
flat Ifland, that men drive them from thence upon a Board into their
Boats by
hundreds at a time, as if God had made the innocency of fo poor a
Creature to become fuch an admirable Inftrumcntfpr the fuftentation of Man : And alfo
Godwits, Curlews, and fuch like ; which Fowl do not onely ferve thofe that
Trade
thither for Food, but alfo they are a great furthering to divers Ships
Voyages, becaufe the abundance of them is fuch, that the Fiflier-men do bait their
Hooks with
the quarters of Sea-Fowl on them j and therewith fome Ships do yearly
take a great
part of their Fifliing Voyages with fuch Bait, before they can get
others.
The frefli Waters and Springs of that Countrey are many in number, and
with*
all fo very pleafant, delightful and wholfom, that no Countrey in the
Woild hath
better : And Fewel for Fireing, no where more plentiful.
In like manner there is great abundance of Trees fit to be employed in
other ferviceable ufes : There are Fir and Spruce^Trees, found, good, and fit to
Maft Ships

with, and as commodious for Boards and Buildings as thofe of Hpr^^y ;

2nd out
of thefe come abundance of Turpentine. Moreover the Pine and
Birch=.Trees here
arefcarcc to be compar'd for heighth and grcatnefs,
' ^ Th(

Birds.

Springs;

Trees.

iini iiiiiiiiiil

LJ-.l^H>

Chap. X. ^ nA Ad E % I C A
The Pavers alfoand Harbours are cTPHpnlK, a^ M -'it- - ^^
Peals Eels Herrings ^^urTZ"" I ^ '^''^
leais, LCis, laeiiings, Mackrel, Flounders, Launce Caoelin r^A j^
the faired, facft and fweeccft, chat ever were feen . h' J Pa^^ ' Th
^i'T' '
Lobfters Cra fifi,, Mufsles, and other variecy of Shelilfit. '^ '"^ ^"'^
The Seas l.kew.fe all along the Coaft, do plentifully abound in other
fort- of
Filh, as Whales, Spam J? Mackrpl n^rr.i n i tt *i> uu^er lort^ ot
and fuch like R;yal Ajc' ' ''"' """"8^' "S'' '^"^P^^"' Seals,
But the chief Corr,modicy of N.,. /W Land yet known, and which is grown
to
be a fetled Trade, and that it itiav be much h^tr/.-A U j ^ '"
(if the Traders thither will take fomTb 1 'I'^y ^"o/d.nary Plantation
there,
L ftall be declared) is t^ Cod /Z, J l" Zcot" u'^'TX '''' '''' '^"^'

1 ^ 8 P " '"^' ^OSlt. OV which our Naflnr. ^J

many other Countreys are enrich'd. '^Z wnicn our iNation and
^ Almoft incredible is the benefit of the Filh, which the FnncI, 'mCr j
?o.p./. fetch yearly from this Coaft of H^ifJunl t therirch
heehwrthmtwentyfiveLeaguesfromtheSouthCapeoftLcounrl wheTe t
W ufe to F.ft V.>nter and Summer, ufually making rwo Voyages even ,
; ;tTriv''f::i:m!^r'/"'' ' "^^ ^-^ of c.Vwhich neZe::: tot
been above declar'd in feveral places. ^ C<,/m^,, as hath
Afterwards King a.^ che Eighth continu'd the En^lifh Intereft there and
Employ d one (R. mto that Ifland, in order to the Plantft on thereof '
Queen Eh^akth no lefs careful to preferve that Plantarinn r/ Ic- rr ,
G,.., a T>.youpnn Knight, to plant a'colon^ th e t tb ter'to f cu f 7
"'
and to increafe Trading there f and accordingly th^ liiZ it t'"''
good Ships and a Pinnace in her Name tool ^<^ ,^ c I ^ -^ '^"'^ '"'
Harbour of SfJoW. He Sail'd fVom t'hf^ ^Z '''^ ''""^''^y' '" ''^^
fomeunhappy iireaionilhtcou r "ratSt^ '^ "t" '
orx the Coaft of CW., and was there Lft rhlS.tfhec" ^'" ' ''f "
and he himfelf, being then in a fmall Pin a" ofXtrTun n tr'"' " " ^
hisVice-Adrairal (Captain a^O returning towarlS/r- '''' T^'^y ^
overwhelm'd in the Sea, and fo perilh'd.^ ^''"''' '" ' ^'^at Storm, was
ani;th fI;ilcefsTt te c'r ^"" 'l ^"'" ^''^' =^ ^"<^''-' "^ ^"M
Wheat Rve Barll V . '''^^'"; '" ^ > "">= were well furnifh'd with
Wheat, Rye Barley, and other Grain of their own Sowing, with Turnins Co
7
worts, and abundance of other neceftarvthinac . "S' ^itn i urnips, Coieof Metals a cerr;.in ,n^ rT^ ^ r^' ""' "'"''"' '^me probable hopes
modiciel' ^''""^"^ ^"-^^ ^ S^'''"' Musk, and other rich CoL
mdaPHX'ro'^'n^" G...^^ C./v. Knight, then principal Secretary of
State tH.^....
ind a 1 rivy Councellor to King James the f irft of &<,L>,J !^r i, -j
'. >' ''"'""
Nr..>JW, which was afterwards in the Year Sf P-cha^ d a par: of
Seirs by Patent from the C,;A i<r- j , ^' 8'"^""'^ ' ''' an<^ ^'s
he feventhlf y 7 \ X ?' ""'^" ''"' Great Seal of ^/W, bearing Date
T r IZ ^ ' '" "-^^ "^ 3"'^ twentieth Year of his Reian C ,V u
he faid Trad of Land was erefted inro , p, j ,^ ' ^ ^'"'''' """"^

ir W.. r,/, call'd 2 r ? " P'"""' ^-nd at che Inftance of the faid
rft Plaied inl:;i ' " ^"''" '" ^^--^-/-. where .)?.,>, was
This Province fies in the forty ftventh Degree of Northern La-ckucJe,
and is the.

Land

3 A M E "B^l C A. Chap. X
bounded : U begins Southerly from the middle part of a certam Neck of
Land or
Prcoiontory, fitua-c between the two Harbours, Fo,o/e and^5/i-^ and
from
thence follow.ngthe Shore towards the >^orth unto the middle part, or
half way
over a little Harbour, call'd in that regard f.Ut fort, or fetk Harbour
M boundeth upon the South part of the Plantation of St. Johns, including the
"^^^^(ol a
certain frelh River, that falleth into the la.d Pott of <Pet.t H.nbonr , and fo tendmg
alon. the South Border of the faid Colony of S,. Johns, extendeth .t
felf to a certam
IntleBay, comnionly call'd Salmon Co^e, lying on the South fide of the
Bay of
GnaJu including the one half of the River that falleth into the fa.d
CoV. as a.fo
one halfoftheCov.it felf J from whence paffing along the Shore of the
faid Bay
towards the South, and reaching unto the bottom thereof, where it meets
wuh
the Lands of the fore.mention'd>/. Guy, nam'd Se.^tomfi is bounded with
acer.
tain River or Brook, which there falleth into the Sea, and from the
Mouth of the
faid Brook afcendeth unto the fartheft Spring or Head thereof ;frorn
thence paffina towards the South for fix Miles together along the Borders of the
fa.d John Guy s
^ ' Plantation, and there croffing over Weftward in a right Line
reacheth unto the
Bay oimaantia, and the fpace of one League within the faid Bay from the
Shore
thereof., whenceturningagain towards the South paffeth along the Harbour
of

?tot,. wirh the like diftance from the Shore, and defcending unto H^w
FMand
towards the North and Weft part thereof, ftretcheth it felf in a right
Line Eaftward, continuing the whole Southerly length upon the Bounds of the fa.d
2V..
FJkland, unto the middle part or Point of the Promontory, or Neck of
Land before mention'd, between the Ports Femofe and Jquafort ., at which place
is defcnb d
and finiflr-d the Perambulation of the whole Precinft, whofe Extent may
be thus
computed.commencing from the Promontory between the Potts ftn^e and
^,.A.r, which is fifty or fixty Miles from South to North d.ftant from
'Pet.t Harbour ,
from whence croffing Weftward to the Bay of flaantia, is judg d to be
fixty Miles
more or upwards, from Eaft to Weft. ,,.,, n
And thereby was alfo granted to the faid Sir George Cahert and his
Heirs, all
Idands and Iflets, within ten Leagues of the Eaftern Shore of the faid
Region towards the Eaft, together with the Fifning of all fortsof Fifli,
iav.ngunto the Enghjh
free liberty of Filhing, as well in the Seas as in the Ports and Creeks
of the Province
aforefaid, and the Priviledges of faking and drying their Filh upon the
Shores of
the faid Province,as heretofore they reafonably us'd and enjoy'd the
fame, fo as they
do no injury or notable lofsor detriment unto the Lord Proprietary his
Heirs and
Affims or to the Inhabitants of the faid Province, in the Ports, Creeks,
and Shores
aforefaid, and efpecially in the Woods growing within the faid Province.
And by the faid Patent all Royal Jurifdiftions and Prerogatives, both
Military
and Civil, within the faid Province and Iflands thereunto belonging were
farther
cranted to the faid Sir George Cahert and his Heirs, and he and they
thereby created
the true and abfolute Lords and Proprietaries of the faid Province favmg
the Alegiancedue to His Majefty,His Heirs and SucceiTors, to be held of them
in CafU^
yidding and paying unto them therefore a white Horfe, when ^-^^^f^- - f"
of them^ (hall come into the laid Province, and the fifth part of all
Gold^and^Silver

Oar which fliould be found there. , , ,, r ' 'rTr,

. Sir George Cahert, before the obtaining of this Patent, had caus d a
faK F^oul
and Fort to be bu.lt in the faid Province, at a place call'd Verrylani,
and .n the \ ea,
,6x4. having obtain'd a Difm.ffion ^^'^ his Employment ot Secretary of
State
and being then created Lord 'Bahcmore of Bahemore in helmi, he did in
the \ea
1617. Tranipovt himfcU to J^>alon, to infpeft h.s Concerns there in
Perfon ; Iron

i^

;^

. , .J _ Ik

Chap. XI. <tA M E %^I C A. 30^

tvheiice returning the fame year> Embarqu'd himfelf again,cogether ^
ind all his Family, except his eideft Son, for J^^alon the year
following . at which
:imc (there being then War between England and France) he redeemed above
twenty
Jail of %///? Ships, which had been taken there that year by French Men
of War
vhereof one Monfieur Ve la %ade had the chief Command, and fhortly after
took
ix French FiOiing Ships upon that Coaft, and fenc them the fame year,
with a greac "
nany French-iuca Prifoners, into England. Coming thence, he left a
Deputy there
,nd continu'd the Plantation till his Death, which was in Jpril 1 631.
After whofe
)eceale it delcended of right to his Son and Heir Cecil, now Lord
Saltemore who
hereupon fenc one Captain William Hill as his Deputy thither, to take
poflefTion
hereof, and to manage his Intereft there for him. Captain Htll,
according to his
:omrni{rion, (hortly after repaired thither, and liv'd fome years at the
Lord !Bal^

imore's Houfe at Ferryland above mentioned.

In the thirteenth Year of King Charles the Firft, of England^ Sec. about
the Year
four Lord 1(^38, Marquefs Hamilton, Earl offmbroke. Sir VaVid IQrk, and
others
nder pretence that the Lord ^altemore had deferted that Plantation,
obtained a
atcnt of all New-found Land, wherein Jvalon was included, and fhortl'y
after difoflfefs'd the Lord ^altemore of his Manfion Houfe in Ferryland, and
other Riahts
lere, and during the late Rebellion in England kept pofTeirion but His
now Ma:fty King CW/a the Second, immediately after his mod happy Reftauration
in
le Year 1660, upon the now Lord <Baltemons Petition, thought fit to
refer the
rhole Matter to be Examined by Sir Orlando ^ridgeman, then Lord-Chief
Juflice
ow Lord.Keeper of the Great Seal of England, and others, to report the
true ftate ^
lereoftoHisMajefty, together with their Opinions thereupon : The
Referrees
xordingly, upon full hearing of Council on both fides, certified, That
they con:iv'd the laid Patent to Sir George C^/Vfrf, to be a good Patent, in
force, and not
voided by the later to Sir David ^irk and others ; and that the Title
and Intereft
> the faid Province did therefore belong to the Lord !Baltemore.
Whereupon His
lajefty, on the twentieth of March in the fame Year, OrderM the
PolTeffion thereof
) be redeliver^ to hisLordOiip, which was accordingly executed : Since
which ^
me his Lordfhip has peaceably enjoy 'd the poireflion thereof, and
continues the
lantation to this day, by deputing Lieutenants there from time to time,
for the
:cter Government of that Province, the reft ofNei^ found Land remaining
ftiU to
le aforefaid Proprietors, claiming by the Patent of 13 (^ar. i.
The Commodities that are either by Art or Nature produc'd there, are the
fame
iththofe of the remainder oiKew^found Land. The Winter there is extream
cold
ic Summer very hot, but withal pleafant j and during that Scafon there
is great
ienty of Pafture for Cattel.
The Coaft of this Province is very fafe, and as well furnifh'd with
variety of
>ld and pleafant Harbors, as any other part of Nei^^ found Land . where
the %J> likewife Fifli for Cod, the lelTer fort whereof is callM foor.John,
which is thete

ught in great abundance, efpecially at Ferryland, and in the % of ^ulls,

Befides
efe two there are divers other excellent Harbors on the Eaftern Shore of
Jvalon,
CapUng 'Bay, Qape Broyle, Brittm, Ifle of Spears, Barrom CoVe, Whithurns
'Bay, and fetit
'arbour above mentioned. On the Weft are the Bay offlacentia, and
fcvcral other
od Harbors.
There are no Indians in Jvalon, and but few Englijh, by reafon of the
cxceffive
M m Winter, though Sir David IQrk and his Lady, and alfo his Family,
liv'd in
s Lord Baltemore's Houfe at Ferryland for the fpace often years and
upwards.
1 he Soil feems to promife great ftore of Mines, which probably may in
time be
* " difcover'd.

510

^ M E "K I C J.

Chap. XI

difcover'd. The late Lor djB alt em ore took accidentally a piece of Oar
up that la;
there upon the furface of the Earth, and brought it with him into En^^
ind, whici
was found upon trial to yield a greater proportion of Silver, than the
Oar of fcto^
in the iVeJi- Indies, but hitherto no Mine of it hath been difcover'd
there.
The Trade of Fifliing being of fo great concernment to the Nation of
E^i^land
the fame (if it be well manag d in this iQand of Terra 2sioVa) will
employ ever
year above two hundred Sail of E?t^lifl? Ships, and ten thoufand
Mariners, bcfide
the great benefit which may accrue unto the Nation by Impofition upon

Stranger
there, which would amount to fevcral thouiands of Pounds per Annum -^
with whid
thofe Coafts may be Guarded, and Ships Trading thither fecur'd : befides
the grea
Cufloms by the Ships call'd The Sacks (being commonly in great numbers
ever;
year) who carry Fifh from Ne-^^found Land into the Straights^ Trance,
Portugal, am
Spain, and who bring their Returns into England, as Bullion, and all
othernativ
Commodities of thofe Countreys.
If the Ifland were well fortifi'd, we might Command all thofe of other
Nation
that come to Fifh in ^ewfomd Land, to pay Contribution in Fifh or
otherwife, fo
their Priviledge to Fifh there, the faid Ifland being firft Planted by
Engliff, and pel
tainingtothe Kingdom of Ewg/^Wci ; or ifoccafion fliould require, they
might b
utterly debarr'd of Fiihing there.
The Trade of Fiflnng is of fo great concernment to Trance, Spain,
Portugal, th
Straights, and other Parts, that they cannot well be without that yearly
Suppl
in FiOi which comes from that Ifland t Neither can the Hollanders,
Spaniards, o
fortuguefe, well fet any Ships to mQWeft-Indies, without New-^found Land
Fifh, thei
being none that will endure to pafs the Line found and untainted, but
the Fifh c
that Coontrey, faked and dry'd there. And fo long as the Aa continues
ftill ii
force. That no FiOi be Tranfported from the faid Ifland, but in Englijh
Bottoms, i
will contribute very much to our encreafe of Shipping there, and by
confequencc
of the employment of Mariners ; and the Fifliing of that part of the
Ifland wi!
be folely appropriated to the Englifi Nation, to whom of right it
belongs, whic
will prove the greateft Ballance of Trade in that part of the World j am
that whereas above two hundred Sail do Trade thither yearly to Fifh , if
thoufand Sail come, if there be but Fifher.men enow, they may all have
Fraughtag
tlicre.
The Trench, if once the Ifland be fortifi'd, will be deprived of their
Nurfery c
Mariners, this beingthe onely place, befides Canada, and one or two
adjacent Coafl;
where they come for fupply of Fifh, with which that Nation cannot be
furnifh'
fo well from other Parts.

By well Planting and Fortifying Ke^-fotoid Land, the Trading to

Virginia,, l>le'
England, and thofe Parts, would be much encourag'd, ls{ew England having
had c
late great Traffick with Ne-^-found Land, where they vend the Growth of
thei
Plantation. Befides, T{ew-fomd Land is a Key to the Gulf of Qanada,
which if th
EnglijhhdLA again in their pofleffion, as they had in the Years 1628.
and 1632. the
might give a Law to all foreign Kings and People interefl:ed in any of
the parts c
Jmerica, and a Proteaion to aU the EnglijJ) Plantations upon that
Continent,wher{
by great fecurity, comfort and profit would arife to the Nation and
People of it
whereas on the contrary, if the Erehch, Spantjh, or Dutch, fhould
pofTefs themfelv(
of the faid Plantation, they would not onely deprive this Nation of all
the Ac
vantages aforcfaid, but would alfo derive to themfclves fo great a Power
to preji
dice all the Plantations of the Coafl:s oi America belonging to this
Nation, chat: tr
Inconveniences thereof arc fcarce to be imagined or exprels'd.
Mi

mm

r, I

' f

u :

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y.^JUA.CAiimSef4aJns z
3^. ./^foAam. CAamSertame 2
jr-^. &e0t^e Smii^ z
ta ^."jRciert &ffre ^
tt. S. S^fTOfd. Sa^tuSg t
tt,S.XffAft13a3^^s t
tz<^-jSff$ef-t ^or-e z

t^^J^Art. ^a^ Aeh-es fff ^Sf. 4

z^^^LcA. CAofnAeft. S^ . /^
CAtrr/^n^Aica. eXrimiiHf.jaeii.
am clariAus &^ut exJ^Afff G;eadi
sCb Vif^imana SffciHaiL^a^tsf.

|i.

-..:--,

^'

I^B'

i;
lii

'xa:"

Vj-'<ji^

1%

I,

*.^afflilll

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ir-

til^tlf^

.i:

iSSa

'<i.

atecwn

Bee>c^

'^ "

Chap. XIL ^ . ^ M E%^1 C J. jtl

Afcer the gra-iciag of the Patent aforefaid of 13 Car, u Sir D^Wi /OH's
great
Pains there, and conlhnt Endeavours, were beyond expedacion blefsM with
a con:inuance and prefervation of Trade in that Place ; in the carrying on of
which, he
^ad always a Ipecial regard to the real Advantage of this Kingdom, and
the parti;ular Service of His Majefty.
Before this mand, right over againft^^^^, at the diftanceof t^^^enry
four The w.naer-:
Leagues or more, there lieth an huge Bank or Ridge of Land, extending it
felf in SlL't.?
ength out of the Sea, above a hundred Leagues, but in breadth not above
four of
ive and twenty, when it is broadell, and in other parts much Icfs,
fiiarpning towards each end into a Conns, or narrow Point. It is accounted one of the
Wonders
)f the Sea, which round about, at fome diftance, is very deep, and
hardly to be

^ounded, efpecially betwixt the ^ank (for Co they commonly call it) and
Cape (^ay,
3ut drawing nearer, it grows by degrees more and more (hallow, infomuch
that
ligh the Land there is not much more Water than is neccflary for the
Ships to Ride
n. It runneth out in length, as was faid, from North to South, from
forty one
Degrees of Latitude to fifty two ; and round about it there lie fcatterM
a multitude
)f lefler Iflands, which Siv Sehaftian Cabot, when he firfl difcover'd
the Place call'd
,yonecommonNameLo5iB.cc./oo.,or The Ijlands of Cod-fijh, from the great
quan- n.B..,.
ityofthat fort ofFiOi he there found; which was fuch, that they hindred
the paf^
age of his Ships, and lay in fuch multitudes upon the Coafts, that the
very Bears
vould come and catch them in their Claws, and draw them to Land.
IN the Gulfof5f.L^mzce, towards the Mouth of the River Canada, is
another The irie of
^ lefs confiderable Ifland, faid to have been firft difcover'd by
Quartier, and by ^^'""^"'"
lim call'd The IJland of Jffum^tton j by John Jlpho?ifo, The I/land
ofjfcenfion- by the
sfatives, T{atiJicotec : It extends it felf from the forty eighth to the
fiftieth 'oegree
>etween the South-Eaft and North.Wefl.
Quartier makes mention of a ftrange kinde of Fifli, found in the River
of OW^,
Ike unto a Sea-Hog, but having the Head of a Hare, it is call'd by the
Natives
idhothuys.
Not far from this is a little Illand, call'd by the French, IJIe de
Sable, or The Sandy
(land; and another on the Weft of TeiT^No);^, called IJle de Bretons, or
The Ijland
f St. Laurence, befides feveral little fcatter'd Iflands in the Gulf of
St. Laurence, as
{emgo, and The Three Iflands of 'Birds in which arc found a kind of
amphibious
Inimal, called by the French, Cualrus, and by the (^uj^ians, Morf) ;
fomcwhat like a
ea-Calf, but more monftrous.

'm,

CHAP. XIL
The Bermudas, or Summer-Iflands
rHe 'Bermudas, or Summer-Iflands (probably fo term'd as to the firft
Appellati. situation of
on from certain black Hogs, by the Spaniards call'd Bermud<i^, which
from a ^-^""^'
Ship bound with them to fome other parts of the WeJi~Indies,md caft
av^ay
pon that Coaft, fwam afhore, and there increafed ; or, as others fay,
from John
ermudes, a Spaniard, who is faid to have been the firft Difcovcrer ; or,
as to the
cond, from one George Summers^ an Englijh-mm, who there fuffer'd
iliipwrack)
H h ^

3U

J M E %^I C A

Chap. XII.

Forts builf
upon the Bir-

Ports ahd

are ficuated in thirty two Degrees and twenty five Minutes of Northern
Latitude,
about fixteen hundred Leagues fron:i EnoJ.and, twelve hundred from
Madera, foui
hundred from Hijpnniola, and three hundred from the neareft Coaft of
Virginia,

The firft that endeavoured to fettle Plantations here was a Spaniard

nam'd Hernaudo
Gw26^/o, being defign'd Conductor in this Expedition : And this
Undertaking was
[o muth the more eagerly profecuted, upon confideration that the PlateFleet
Sailing from Banana through the Stniights of Bahama, might here have a
convenient Harbour but thofe who were invited to become Adventurers, with
proffers
of great Advantage, (hewing themielves very flack in the Bufinefs, and
Charles the
Fifth beina at that time intangled in War and other troublefom Affairs,
the Defiga
came to nothina, and for above fixty years after no farther Attempt was
made by
any for the Planting of thefe Iflands, till at lafl the Vrench made a
Voyage thither
under Captain 'Barhorkre ^hui by Shipwrack were fruflrated of their
hopes^nor made
they any more Preparations in this Defign. In which neverthelefs the
EngUjJ^
were not fo eafily difcourag'd j for firft Captain Gofnol and Smith fee
forth, at the
Charges of Mr. EdmrdWm^field -^ next, Captain Nel/on -, then
fucccfilvely Wefi,
Gates J Jr^al, and Wyat, but all with little or no fuctefs, till at
length in the Year
1612. a Company was eftabliOi'd in London by the King s Letters Patents,
who fcnc
one Mr. <I{ichard Moor with fixty Men to the 'Bertnuda^, where he fpent
three years
in fortifying thofe Iflands : but that which put a little flop to this
good beginning,
was a kind of Misfortune that hapned ; for the Rats which were gotten
aOiorc from
a Shipwrack increas'd fo exceedingly, that they devoured all the Plants
in the Field,
and the Provifion in the Houfes, infomuch that a great Famine proceeded
from
thence, all means to dcftroy the Vermine being in vain 5 till at lall
Providence fent
a Difeafe amongfl: them, v^hich kiii'd them all in a very fiiort time.
Mean while
Moor went on in the fortification of the Ifland, and was ere long
fupply'd with frefli
People. Mr. ^arlet was fent over with fixty Men, and carried from thence
with
him eighty Pound of Ambergreece. And foon after three Ships more, vi<..
the
Bkfing, the Star, and the Margaret, convey'd thither four hundred and
ten, Men and
Women. As foon as Moor was call'd away, Datiicl Tuckard coming from
Virginia to
fucceed him, beftirr'd himfelf very much. Planting all places full of
Trees fetch'd
horn t\iQ We fi'Ind'tan Iflands ; as alfo Tobacco, with which he

fraighted a Ship to
London. Moreover, the Countrey was divided into Acres, that every
Planter might
have an equal fliare, and know his own Lands. Jnno 1 6 19. TwcWi was
fucceeded
by Nathaniel 'Butler, who in four Ships brought thither five hundred Men
and' Women, to fupply the firfl: Plantation, which was much decay'd fince the
Rats had
devoured their Provifions, fo that it was little look'd after by the
Company in London'. But now they built a Church and ereded a Court of Judicature, and
all
things were ordered conveniently for the publickgood. After which many
Noble
Perfons fet Sail thither in the Maga:^ine Frigat and the Planters
being now fifteen
hundred in number, inhabited twenty Leagues of Land in length.
On thelongefl: Ifland, call'd St. George, (for the Bermudas confifl;s of
feveral
Iflands, great and fmall) they built Warit^ick and T)oyer Forts, with
other Fortifications and Towers, which had their Denominations from thofe Koble-men and
Gentlemen that were Undertakers in this Plantation.as CaVcndiJh /Paget,
Herbert, Sec.
from the Earl ofDevonflnre, the Lord faget, the Earl of fembroke,znd
others.
Amongfl: the Havens the eminentefl: are, Southampton, the Inlet
Harrington, and
the Great Sound.
All thefe Iflands lying together refemble a Half-Moon, and are
furrounded with
Rocks, which appear at Low water, and at High lie but fhallow j for it
fcldcm
Ebbs

ratm-^

Cliap. Xir. M M E%^I C A. 31

bbs or Flows above five Foot. The Shore, for the moft part Rocky, atid
hardned
3y the Sun and Wind, receives no damage by the Waves which continually
beat
igainft the fame.

The Ground it felf differs ; for in fome places it is Tandy or clayic,,

and in ^^^"-^^ <>f
others partly black, and partly white, or Afh.colour'd Earth j which
laft is ac- **" ^"'^'
counted the worft, and the black the bed. Three Foot deep under the
Afli.colour'd
Earth lie great Slates, and under the black, a white fpungie Scone, like
the Pumice, in whofe moift Crevifes Trees take root.
The Pics or Wells, though they Ebb and Flow with the Sea, yet produce a
wholfom and fweet Water.
The Skie is generally rerene,but when ovcr-caft with Clouds, is fubjed
to Light- '^''"i'"^'
J rrL J r A r % , ^ -'i^m. ture of the '
tiing and 1 hunder ; yet the Air is of a good temper, being neither
exceeding cold, ^^'^
nor exceflive hot : for which reafon che European Fruits grow better
there than in
their natural Soil,
Their Harveft is twice a year ; for that which they Sowe in March, is
ripe and
gather'd in June- then what they Sowe again in Ju^ufi, they gather in
January.
Thefe lilands breed no hurtful Creatures j nay, the yellow Spider which
fpins r/^hec";^.
filken Cobwebs, is free from Poyfon. Ly.^^*""*
The Plant Nuchtly, which bears fpeckled Pears, grows betwixt the Rocks
which
arc drench'd with Sea-water.
The Hogs which above a hundred and fifty years fince fwam afiiore out of
the
Spanijh Wrack, are exceedingly increased there, but becaufe of their
poornefs are
fcarce eatable, they feeding oiiely on the Tweet Berries which fall from
the falmito*
Trees.
About the whiceand red Mulberries, which grow plentifully there, breed
thoufands of Silk-worms, which fpin Silk according to the colour of the
Mulberries. - .
The Sea produces fome quantity of Pearls and Ambergreece.
From the beginning of the year till May, the Whales are feen to fwim not
far
from the Shore.
A ftrange fort of Sea-Fowl breed in Holes like Rabbets 5 and amongft
ottier

Birds, here are alfo (lore of Cranes.

The Tobacco which the En^lijh have planted here grows very well.
Here arc likcwife great Torcoifes, which Lay their Eggs in the Sand on
the Tonoifes
Shore, where they are HacchM by the Beams of the Sun, and are taken
after this e^^^ "'
manner : In the Night fome arc fet to watch where they Land, and whileft
they
are digging a deep Hole in the Ground, are thrown on their Backs, and
not being
ibleto get upon theic Legs again, they lie and groan very pitifully :
fomeofthem
baving above two Bafons full of Eggs in their Bellies ; which being
about the bignefs of a Tennis-Ball^have a thin Shell, which inclofetha Yolkand White.
If thele
Eggs lie buried fix years, then che young Torcoifes breaking the Shell,
come out of
:he Sand, and inftantly creep into the Sea. Their Flefli is nofonely
wholfom but
loothfom. The Oyl made of them is not inferior to Butter.
Moreover, the ^ermuda^ produce Cedars,the like of which are not to be
found in G^arsof ^
:he^whole World : The Leaves are douny and prickly at the ends,almoa
like thofe ^^ .
>f the Juniper Tree : The Wood hath a fweet fmell,and the Berries, which
are like
he Myrtle,ofa pale Red, inclofe four white Kernels; the outermoft Skin
whereMs iweet ; the mnermoft, which covers the Kernel, fliarp, and the Pulp
tartifli :
I he Trees arc always flourifliing, being at the fame time full of
BloiToms green
nd ripe Fruit: The Berries, when grown ripe, begin to gape, and fall oif
in rainy
^^3 Weather,

* [nwuwrn

3'+

AMERICA. Chap. XIII.

Weather, leaving a round Stalk on the Boughs, which lofes not its Rind
till two
years after j half which time the Berry requires, before it attains to
its perfed ripenefs, which generally happens in the Winter : The Boughs (hoot ftraight
upwards,
and become in time fo heavy, that they caufc the Body of the Tree to
bend. This
mod: excellent Wood grows in divers places of the 'Bermudas,
We ftiall conclude with the refolute Exploit of five Sea-men, Jnno i6\6.
who, to
the great admiration of all People, fet Sail from thence in an open
Veffel of
three Tun through the main Ocean, and after having fufferM terrible
Tempefts,
arriv'd in the fpace of feven Weeks fafe in Ireland*
Thefe Idands are remarkable for divers forts of Plants, unknown in other
Parts,
as the trickle Tear, Toy [on Weed, T^d Weed, Turgmg Bean, Cofihe Tree,
<^d Tepfer, and
the Sea Feather. Alfo feveral ftrange Birds, as the Egg Bird, Cahow,
Tropick Bird, and
the Temlico, which prefageth Storms.

CHAP. XIIL

Hifpaniola.

iHe Illands caird De B arhy ento, hy -^hich. arc under ftood Hifpaniola^
Culay
Jamaica, and Boriquen, as alfo the Lucaies,yNith the Caribes, and laftly
the Ifles
caird Ve Sotayento, viz. Margareta, Cahagua, and Tahago, arc by fome
comprehended all under the general Name o^ The Ijles Antilles -^ though
others reckon
the J?itilles to be the fame with the Carihes onely. But leaving this
Controverfic
undecided, we fhall begin with the Ides Ve BarloVento, the chief whereof
is Hi'

fpaniola.
Bounds and HifpanioU, or Little Spain (as Columhm nam'd it) is, though
not the largeft, yet the
oiHilpoia. faireft and goodlieft of all the American Iflands, callM by
the Natives anciently Hayti
and Qmfqueia : It lieth about fifteen Leagues Weftward of Torto T^co,
and diftant
from the main Land of /^wmc^ about one hnndred and twenty j 'tis of a
triangular form,the fiiarpeft Point whereof is that towards Torto T^co,
which they call
Caho de Enganno : that towaids the Weft inclines to a Semi^circle,
containing a
good and convenient Bay betwixt the two Points, Vt^^ St. Nicholas, to
the North,
and Caho de Donna Maria towards the South. It is not thought to be Icfs
than a
hundred and fifty Leagues in length, and in breadth from threefcore to
thirty, and
to contain in the compafs of the whole, four hundred Leagues at leaft,
lying betwixt eighteen and twenty Degrees of Northern Latitude, having an Air
fomewhat
infefted with the Morning Heats,but well cool'd again in the Afternoon,
by a conftant Wind from the Sea, which they call there Ftrafon, It is, for the
fertility of the
Soil, one of the richeft and moft flourifliing Countreys in the World ;
the Trees
and all things elfe there continually clad, as it were, in their Summer
Livery,
the Meadows and Paftures always green, and of fuch an excellent Herbage,
that
Cattel both breed and thrive there beyond belief ; both great Cattel and
fmall, as
Kine, Sheep, Hogs, ^-r. brought thither out o^ Spain, having multiply'd
to fiich
numbers,that they live wild now in Herds in feveral places, and are both
hunted
and kill'd, like Stags or other Venifon, onely for their Hides, which
they fend yearly
into 6>w and other parts o^ Europe, as a great Merchandize and Commodity
of
huge profit to them.
^ ^ The

Chap. XIII.

, A M E%^I C A.

3'?

Wild Hogs alfo have been formerly feen to feed in the Woods in areat
multi.
:udes, but the Dogs fince they were brought over hither, have made great
havock
imonglt them. ' -^
The Animals peculiar to this Ifland are ,. A little Bead call'd Hr,W,
not much '* ^-=
anhfce our Coneys, i- C'^fmi, almoft of the fame form, but a little
bigger , MoL -""*''
K Beaft fomewhat lefs than the Hutm. 4. A Beaft call'd Cox,' ^ '" '
Like wife amongft other ftrange forts of Creatures here, the Cu,. is
very obfer- .., ^,.
.able bemg about an Inch b.g, and having four Wings, of which two are
larger ~
than the other : when they flie they fliine after fuch a manner, that in
the Nifht
tirtcl^rj^t:;'-'^ ^"^o-^hthatfomehavemadeufeof them^
No lefs wonderful is the Fifl, Manau, whofe (liape hath been defcrib'd
elfe- Then,^.
rhere : It breeds for the moft part in the Sea, yet fometimes fwimming
up the """
Rivers, comes aftoreand eats Grafs. The Cafique C,rm.u^l kept one in the
Lake '
Qu^^mto wbch was fo tame, that when call'd by the Name uln, it us'd to
comi
ou of the Water,and go .red y to the Uf.,ue. Houfe,where being fed, it
retuLJ
!l t IVTTlf ^''^ ^'" =""^ ^y^' ^''^ "^"l^ '''"^ Singing feem'd to
ut S 1 1' f'^'Tl l"'""""" ""'^'' '^" Children on its Back over !he Wate
butatlaftaS;,..^ftr,k.ng at it with a Pike, it would never come forth
a^ain
!;mr;-d to the st." ' over-flowing into the faid Lake, the Fifh
litttttlh'bf Tp '"'' '^"' " f ^ '""" ^'"'"^" f'^'' ""'^ ^W.v with a
T..M.
ttle Mouth, black Eyes encompafs'd with Silver-colour'd Circles, four bl
ck Fins '"wo long ones under its Belly, one on the Back, and one 6n each fide of
te H^rj'

i M^tlt tticra^d :fd.^ ^'"""^ ^"" '' '^ - '-^ - ^ ''-'-' -^ -'
vit^ r" ;'^;f^^"''"''': fi;*^ ^'=t'l " ^iT/""""'-. they were
exceedingly tormented -^ '"^.a
.Kh a fort of leaping Infers call'd N.,ua, which us'd to eat through
fheir Skin IZ "''the

Fruits

The Provin
ces of this
Iflmd.

^^^ ^ M E%1 C A, Chap. XIII

the Flefii in fuch a nature, that many of them loft their Arms and Legs
j but at lafl
they found out a Remedy againft this Evil, 'vl:<, the fearing the Wounds
with hoi
lions. 11 . 11 1
Befides the aforefaid plenty of Flefh, they have many excellent Fruits
all the
year long, as Banana's, Pine.Apples, Cuftud^Apples, Plantens, Papans,
Music
melons, Water-melons, and many other peculiar Plants, as i. the^^^^, a
fair
large Tree, the Fruit whereof is call'd 1^;;m^, refembling a,
Malecotoo?! : Of this
Tree there are three forts, >"w^, <BQnlma, znd J aiqua^, i. Quauconex -^
t,, Jxi .^ of
which there are alfofeveral forts, ^s Cariye, Huarahuac, Jxtblanco,
Acafran-Jxt, and
Axi-Coral ; 4. ruca, the Root of which ferves in ftead of Corn j 5.
Certain Trees
callM gJ^^j, befides plenty of Mint and Potato's.
The Ifland of Hifpaniola was formerly divided into feveral Provinces,
amongft
which the Mountainous Countrey Byguey lies towards the Ifle of forto %o.
On
the Mountains, which are flat on the top , are great variety of fLarppointed
Stones. The Soil is a fort of coloured Earth, which produces all forts
of Fruit,
efpecially the Root Cafabi, and Melons.

Hyguey alfo conterminates with Icayagua

Southward,
laquimo, where there is ftore o^ Brafde
Domingo and
raqu'mw, is the Countrey ^aoruco, which
Leagues
in length, and above twenty in breadth,
Food for

; Northward lies Samana j

Wood : And between the City
with its Mountains extends fixty
without any Water, Pafture, or

Cattel or Mankind.
Next follows the Countrey Xaragua, lying at the great Inlet which
divides HU
fyaniola ; for one fide extends to the Promontory of St, njM^, and the
other to
the Point Tthuron, This Countrey produces abundance of Cotton.
Laftly, the Provinces Guahaha, Haniguaiya and Uhay, are very eminent j
as alfo
G^^o,whichisfullofGold.Mines5 2.ndLaVega^eal,^\\.hMagnana, which lie be.
twcen the two great Rivers Ueyha and ragui j the ftony Countrey Gguayos,
and the
low Coaft Varka, where Chrtfio^her Qolumhm built the City ^aVidad, which
he after.
wards deferred. .
Ginger was formerly brought hither from the EafiJndies, but now grows
here m
fuch great abundance, that above two and twenty thoufand IQntalls are
yearly
Tranfported from thence to Spdi/i. ,.
With as good fuccefs grow here alfo the Sugar-Canes and Mai:^.
(peter Martyr, a Councellor to the Emperor Qharles the Fifth, relates.
That Bifpa*
wio/4 produc'd in his time, befides Silver, Copper, andiron, five
hundred thoufand Ducats in Gold : Neverthelefs the rich Mines lay undifturb'd,
becaufe they
wanted People to work in them, infomuch that had they not planted their
Royal
Scat in X>ow/^o, the Ifland had long fince been deferred,
notwithftanding the exceeding fruitfulnefs of the Soil, becaufe the Spaniards exercis'd their
Cruelty m fuch
a nature, that of fixty thoufand Inhabitants from the Year 1508.
to^oi5i4.fcarce
fourteen thoufand of them were left alive ; all which is affirm'd by the
Bifliop De
las Cafas. Nay, the fore-mention'd feter Martyr relates, That the Men
wearied
with working in the Mines , kilfd themfelves, defpairing of ever being
releas'd from their Slavery ; and Women with Child deftroy'd the Infants

in their
Wombs, that they might not bear Slaves for the Spaniards. He adds
hereunto. That of a hundred and twenty thoufand Perfons, few were left
inafhort
time. 1 r r 1 J
Thefe Provinces in former times had each of them their Cafujue, whole
iplendor
conflfted chiefly in Dancing to his Devotion, with a Girdle full of
Bells about his
Middle a StrinaofPearls about his Arms, a Covering over his Privities,
and a
- ' ^ Plume

The Gaiety
of tlie antsent
aftques.

Chap. XIII.

.AMERICA.

217

k^

*'

Plume of Feathers on his Head, with a Drummer before him, and a fmall
Train
of Arm'd Men after him.
On the Coaft are firft the Point of m[ao, ten Leagues to the Weft of
Smto Do- Pom ana

Eighteen Leagues farther is the Port Ocoa, which is a Bay where the
Fleets of
Noya Hi/pa?iia take refrefhing, when they do not Anchor in the Nook of
Sepefefm^
which is near unto it, or in another call'd the Fair HaVen, two Leagues
before you
come to Ocoa,
Twenty Leagues beyond Oco^ is the Port of ^4.
Thirty Leagues more Weftwardly is a large Point right againft the Ifland
of
'Bola, which lieth five Leagues from the Coaft.
The moft Wefterly Point is called Cape Tihuron : It hath an Ifland three
Leagues
frorn it Weft ward, call'd Caprio . and Sailing along the Coaft, you
will fee an Ifland
callM C^mito^^ and farther in the Nook of laguana another call'd Guanabo
of eight
Leagues long.
On the North fide of the Ifland, the moft Wefterly Cape and Port is St.
NichoU,
from whence North-Eaft and by Eaft, lieth the Ifland of Tortu^a, near
the Coaft
of Hifpaniola ; It is of five Leagues length.
Farther along the Coaft is Monte Chrifto, the Weft Cape of l>(atmdad j
to the Eaft
of which there is a great Bay call'd (Port %eal.
This Ifland is fo full of Harbours, that he that will Coaft it, cannot
well mifs
Df one where he pleafeth, moft of which afford frefli Meat and good
Water.
Moreover, Hifpaniola hath many brave Rivers, the chiefeft of which are
Hay?ia ;
)ii^ao, along whofe Shore the firft Sugar-Cancs were planted ; Neyba, a
great Rii^er; Yaquimo^^ laqui, which Columbus c^Wd (I{io de Oro^hcczufc the
Ground thereof
;litter'd like Gold ; and laftly, the Rivers ^jcayagua, amongft whofe
Sands is
3old J Kigua, which borrows its Denomination from the fore-mention'd
leaping
nfed ; the fwift Sttc^mjuno, whofe Banks are crown'd with handfom Houfes
.
md Ja^juinj which hath many Salt-pans. ' ^
The

!|PH|i

518 lA M E 'KI C J. Chap. XIII.

The Rivers Itaho, Ocoa, Cepi, !Bia, (^a;^uiy Sanate de flata, and
Chiahon, have fome
one, others more Sugar-Mills upon them.
But the chiefeft River is O^ama^ broad, and fo deep, that the biggeft
Veflel mav
lie clofe by the Shore J and alfo v^afhesSf. Dow>2go.
S!he"5t"of '^^^^ ^^'^y> ^^^ Metropolis of all the Ifles round about, was
built by 'Bartholomew
St. Domingo. Columhm^ and vi^as peopled Jnno 1494. after v^hich it
flourifii'd eight years, when
a terrible Storm blowing the fame down to the Ground, Nicholas Olanda
removed
it to the Weftern Shore of 0;^dw^, that the Spaniards, who had for the
mod pare fetled towards the Weft, might not be neceflitated to Ferry over 4 but the
firft place
flood much more conveniently, being not onely provided of a Fountain of
fwect
Water, but alfo freed of thofeunwholfom Vapours which daily rife with
the Sun
at this new-built City. To prevent the inconvenience of crojUng to the
forementioned Fountain, of which the Inhabitants found themfelves of-^ntimes
in
great want, Olanda went about to lead the neighboring River Hayna into
the 0:^artia
but the Defign not being profecuted, bereav'd Domingo of the onely thina
which
would have made it able to ftand in competition with any City in the
World for
it lies on a Plain, the South fide whereof is wafli'd by the Se^ ; the
Eift fide, by
the River j on the North and Weft are many delightful Fields,
The City, which in a manner is built fquare, is divided into long
ftraight
Streets, full of fair Houfes after the Spanijh manner: in the middle
thereof is a
fquareMarket=place, with a handfom Church, the Yard whereof is
encompafs'd
with a high Wall, which upon occafion would ferve for a place of great
Defence.
The Colle(5lors of the King of Spams Revenue dwell in ftately Palaces
and
the VominkayiSj Francifcans, and Monks 7)e la .'Merced^ have brave
Cloyfters, befides

two more for the Nuns.

The Latine School and Hofpital belonging to the City, are Endow'd with
great
yearly Revenues.
The Arch^bifliop of 5t. Domingo hath Command over the Bifhoprick of
Conception, La Vega., Cuba., Venezuela, and Torto ^ico.
The City isfurrounded with a Stone Wall, and fortifi'd with a Caftle,
which
with two Bulwarks reaches to the River OR^ma, and within them two HalfMoons.
On the utmoft Shore ftands a round Tower near the Southern Bulwark.
Before the new difcover'd Countreys enticM away many People from St, DomingOj and the Silver Fleet put into Ha^vana^ the Inhabitants drove a
great Trade in
Hides, Tallow, Sugar, Cajiia, Horfes, and Hogs.
Jnno I 586. Sir FrancisDrake Landed here with twelve hundred
Englijh.mtn^ took
the City by Storm, ftaid a whole Moneth in the fame, and upon
Compofition with
the Spaniard, left it undeftroyM.
Towns '^?^ Other chief Towns in H/i^dwo/^ are i. ^^/v^/fow, twenty eight
Leagues diftant
mfftmioia. from St, Dowingo, towards the Eaft.
2. Zeyho, 3. Cotny^ formerly inhabited by thofe that work'd in the GoldMines J the laft efpecially was once a rich Town, and much frequented,
but now
in a manner deferred.
4. j4;?:ua., or ISlew CompofteUa, eight Leagues diftant from St,Dom'mgo,
famous
for the Sugar^Mills not [ar from it, and one of the Ports
before^mention'd.
5. laguana, for its brave Harbour alfo call'd Maria del Puerto., in the
more Weftern parts of the Ifland a fmall Town not above a League diftant from
the Sea
It was burnt by Captain Chrijlopher Is^cwport,
6* Con-

Ill

t
i

pw^

JI?

; Ifland
copied by
cruelty of

ir barba; ufsg: of
ceanttriils
oth;rs>

original
e Peo-

fii

mm

. r

:hap. XIII. , <U M E'B^l C A. j,p

6. Comeptio,, de la Vega, adorn 'd with a Cathedral and Cloyfters of
Fryers and
ymg twenty or thirty Leagues Northward oiSuVommgo : It was built by
Cokmbns
nd itom thence he had his Title of Duke de U Vega.
7. Smt-]ago de Us Cayalieros, a very pleafant Place, ten Leagues
Northward of
>f. Vommgo, '
8. Puerto de ^Uta, ox Tin: SUvcr Hayen, four Leagues diftant from St.
Vomhm tovards the North : It hath been counted the fecond Place of Trading and
Wealth
n the whole liland, being commodioufly feared on an Arm of the Sea,, and
fortiI'd with a Caftle.
9. Mmc Chnjh, one of the Ports alfo above-mentionM : It lies fourteen
Leagues
^^eftward offlata, and extends it felf along the Northern Coaft : it is
wafli'd by
he River la^ui^ on whole Banks are many Salt-pans.
All chofe Cities are much decayM, and thinly inhabited, the Spaniards
hc'ina mod ^he ifland
f them drawn by the temptation of new difcover'd Gold and Silver Mines
in 'fchyo?
ther places, and the firft Inhabitants having been miferably deftroy'd.
The Bi- -^-''"''
lopDelasCafas, an Eye-witnefs, relates, That the King G^cr4^n//o
fecur'd the
;oods of a ftranded Ship,of which Columbus was Commander, and received
the Spa^
lards very courteoufly ; but not being able to continue fupplying them
with that
uantity of Gold they requirM, wanting Men to gather fo much out of the
Streams
nd Mines, and feeing no way to rid himfelf from the Spaniards
Opprefllons, fled
>the Province oUtguayos, the Cafi que o vj hi ch was his Deputy;
whereat the Spa
ards were fo enrag'd, chat they burnt all that they could meet with,
neither ipang young nor old j and at length tzk'in^ Guaccanarillo^ put him in
Irons, and Thdr barbae
lought to have carried him to Madrid but the Ship in which he went
fufferins S^LtS
hipwrack, he with many others was caft away, being before almoft dead

with "'"''"
rief for his Confort, who had been Ravifii'd by a Spanifh Commander.
Likewife
nacoana. Sifter to the Q/^/^^, or Governor of the Province Xarana, and
Partner
ith him in the Government, feeing three hundred of her Councellors
burning in
great Houfe, fet on fire by the Spaniards, and her Subjeds torn by Dogs
or cut ia
leces, hung her felf out of defpair. The fame Death died Htguanama!
Q^ttn of
luguey. Others fay that Anacoana vj^s put to death together with her
Brother in a
loft barbarous and cruel manner, by ]>iicholas de Olanda, who fucceeded
Diego de
rana m the Government of this Ifland. Many Women and Children were kept
^
ive onely to Manure the Ground. The Men dying of their hard Labour in
the
old-Mmes, and thofe which endur'd ftoutly the cruel Labour under Ground,
^ere never fuffer^d to go to their Wives 5 from whence proceeded a great
decreafe
: People, the Spaniards feeming purpofely to defign the deftrudion of
the Na^^es of Htfpaniola, though they received great benefit by their Service;
for Gold in
'imer times was found between the Cracks and fplit Stones of the'
Mountains,
hofc Veins the Mine-workers digg d for not without great and dangerous
La'

'

OUT.

niola.

The hrft Planters o(H,fyamla are, according to the common opinion,

deriv'd r. n ai
om Mattmo, a high and Mountainous l(\e, from whence the moft eminent
Inhabi- I'f'fr
nts were driven by certain Rebels, as formerly the Syrkm nnder the
Government """
Mo, were driven from Tyre to Lyhia, and the Sauviam from Heffen to the
Couney between <^hym and IVall, at prefent inhabited by the Gelden and
HoUandm.
hefe Matwmoenfians thus expell'd from their native Countrey,

fctledthemfelves on
Imao, near the River Sahabom : The firft Houfe they call'd Camoteia, and
afterirds turn d It mto a Temple, to which they niew'd Reverence, and made
great
elents : In like manner the Tyema,vrhkh flood on a high Rock belonging
to one

mm^mmm

fe

3Z0 jME%icj. ciiap. xm

of the Canary Iflands, was by the antient Inhabitants of the Place had
in great vene
ration, infomuch that many leap'd down from the fame, being perfwaded by
th
Priefts, That the Souls of thofe which threw themfelves ofFchis facred
Break'tteck
fhould immediately be tranflated into a place of everlafting happinefs.
The antient This Illand was, as wc faid bcfoFC, firft call'd /i/^ziry,
which fignifies ^JJ, be
ifland- caufe in many places it fwells with wondrous high Mountains, and
in other place
isoverrgrown with great Woods : it was afterwards by the antient
Inhabitant
nam'd Xufqueia, that is, Unmea^nrably great^ becaufe they Tuppos'd it to
be th
whole Worldp and that the Sun fhin'd in no other place.
Indian Songs The Nativcs of this Ifland, though wholly rude of acquired
Knowledge or Lit(

caii'd^rmw. rature, like the generality of the Americans^ yet they took
care to inftru<ft their Chi
dren in the Original and Antiquities of their Countrey, and the Wars and
Exploii
of their Predeceffors, both which they contain'd in Songs call'd
Areitos^ which the
us'd to Sing to the found of Drums and Trumpets J but efpecially their
Perfons c
chiefeil Quality ftudy'd moil thefe Areitosy and exercis'd themfelves in
Dancing.

The moft remarkable of thefe antient Areitos, were fuch as pretended to

pre
Spaniards phefic of thlugs to come, which if of fad confequence, were
Sung very mournfull

Strange Pre
diftionof the

The Images
of their
Fernet.

and with many Sighs j nor were they always, however infpir'd, without
effed:, i
appear'd at laft by woful event : for long before the Spaniards Landed
on Hijpan
oUy it was foretold by one of them, that Ma^uacochios, fignifying
Clothed feople, fhouj
Land on Hifpan'wla, who with (harp Weapons fhould cut off Heads and
Arms, an
under whofe infupportable Yoke their SucceiTors muft fpend their days
withoi
hope of ever being released.
It mightbe difputed whether thefe Predidions were didated by good or ev
Spirits J but it is generally believ'd, that all their Oracles, whether
hapning true (
falfe, were fuggefted by diabolical Spirits to the Priefts, who commonly
convers
with them J and that thefe Spirits knew the Defign of feveral People to
difcovi
new Countreys. '
Their Images Zemes^ ftuff'd full of Cotton, were fafliion'd into very

frightf
Shapes, and might pafs for thoie things which we call Terriculaj or !
Bughears ^ <
which fome were made very fmall, and thofe they ty'd on their Foreheads
wh(
they went to the Wars. Every Governor had a peculiar Zemes, to whom he
fliew
Reverence, in return whereof he expected Rain, fair Weather, and to
conquer h
Enemies, fuppofing him to be a Meifenger of a perpetual and endlefs
Being, I
them csWd Joe au?ia Guamaonocon '^ whom neverthclefs they fuppos'd to
have a M<
th^r, to whom they gave five Names, V/X- Attheir^ Mamona^ GHacarapka,
Lklla^ ar
Guimai^oa,
o^idon^or Their opinion of Man's Creation was thus : They fay, that out
from a Moui
the Creation, tain in thc Provincc Ci?d7/4, out of certain fmall and
great Caverns therein, can
little and great People : The biggeft Hole, call'd Ca:s:tharagua^ and
the little on
nam'd Amaiamiay were faid to be lock'd up every Night, that none might
pafs t]
Sentinel Machchad^ who out of curiofity leaving the Mountain Cuata, and
going i
into the Countrey, was difcover'd by the Sun, whofe Beams he not being
able
endure, was turn'd into a Rock. The like Mifchance hapned to many
others, wl
in the dark Night going to Fifh, in the Morning at their Return were
chang'd i
to Oaken Trees, onely one of the Fifliermcn was fent away by the chief
Comma
^ttVaguo7uanayVj\\o moved at the Complaint of a Nightingale's Singing,
fufFer'di
the Men to go into the Hole, and the Women and Children he Tranfported

Mat'mino. But to make fliort of thefe non-fenflcal Stories, in

conclufion, the M
being let out of their Caves, faw many ftrange Beafts araongft the
Woods, whi
bei

:iiap. XilL <tJ M B T^^I C A.

eing turn'd into Women^ were entercainM by them, and brouahe forth a
nameous Progeny, which fpread overall Flilpaniola,
No lefs ridiculous an Account do the Priefts give concerning the
Oricrinal of
he Sea, "Vi;^. Thitjaia^ a mighty Man, buried the Body oFhis deceafed
Son in a
umpion, which fomeMonechs after, out of meer attedion to the Deceafed,
he cut*
ing open;, abundance of Whales fprungout of it. This Wonder being every
where
nown, amongfl: others, entic'd four Brothers born at one Birth (whofe
Mother
ied in Childbed) to get the Pumpion into their poffeffion j which their
Defigti
rov'd fuccefsful : but afterwards ftruck with a pannick fear bf Jaia's
coming this
liither (who oftentimes came to mourn over the Bones of his dead Son)
they fled^
nd threw away the Pumpion, which breaking with the fall, the Sea gufliM
out of
11 places thereof, and covered the Plains in fuch a manner, that nothing
of them
/as feen, onely the tops of the higheft Mountains appeared j at which
the four
brothers terribly afrightcd, rang'd through barren Defarts, in w^hich
they had died
f Hunger, had they not come to a Baker's Houfe, which one of them
entring^
sk'dfor Qtzahi'^ but the Baker denying them Bread, fpit on them, which
caus'd
mortal Dropfie, which the Brothers upon confultation found no way to
cure^
ut by cutting a hole in the Skin with a fliarp Stone, and to let out the
Water .
ut out of each running Wound Iprung a Woman;, w^ho bare them four Sons
and
3ur Daughters.
There is a certain Cave call'd Joyana-heinaj which is adorn'd With a
thoufand
idturcs, in great eileem amongft them j at the Entrance on each fide
whereof
;ands a Zemes ; that on the right fide is call'd (Binthahellesj the

other Marohur, to
rhich they come from all places to pay their Devotions, becaufe (they
fay) the
un and Moon came out of the faid Cave to lighten the World.
Much after the fame abfurd rate is their Opinion o^ the Deceafed j for
they fdpofe that they range through Woods and Forrefts in the Night, eat of a
Fruit call'd
mmiaha, and fteal to the Embraces of Women in Moon-fliiny Nights. A Tra*
eller,ray they, if he be frighted at the appearance of a deceafed
Perfon, great in
onveniences will certainly attend him, but if he goes ftoutly towards
it, theri the
Joblin vanilhes.
Thefe Delufions are made great Myftcries amongft them, and contained iit
ongs, which their Priefts ^oiti Sing to a kind of Tabor made of a piece
of hollow
)(^ood, pretending that they have familiar Converfation Vith the Zemes
concernng future things.
Their Ceremonies about their fick, efpecially if Perfons of Quality, are
like*
viCq very remarkably odd and conceited : Firft they chew a ftrong kind
of Herb,
aird (ohohba, with which having fufficiently intoxicated their Brains,
they foam at
he Mouth, and run with a Stone and a piece of FleOi in their Mouths to
the iick
^erfon, whole Family they drive all out of Doors^ except one or two,
whofe pre*
ence the Patient requires j then the Boiti walks four times about the
iick Perfon's
5ed, making ftrange Gefl:ures> pinching his Lips and Nofe, blowing upon
his
'orehead, Throat and Temples, and fucking feveral parts of his Body,
aliedgin?,
hat thereby he draws the Diftemper Out of the Veins ; after that he
chafes and
ubshis Shoulders, Thighs and Legs, and ties his Hands and Feet together,
then
unning to the Door, proclaims. That the Sick in a (hort time (hall be
reflor'd to
lis former Health j which faid, he returns with his Arms ftretch'd out
towards
he fick Perfon, takes the piece of Flefli out of his Mouth, which he
gives him
lackwards, faying, Toupall rife and ^o forth in Health, for I have taken
away your Sicknefs :
>ut if he judges the Diilemper not curable, he makes the Sick believe,
tha,t Zcmes is
I J difpleas\i

321

Their fooHJh
Opinion ot
the Original
ctihc Sc;a>

The Cave
J cvanabei'M,

Their abfurd
Opinion of
toe Bcceakd

Their Ceremonies abuuE

their S;ck.

2't
^ as i!*

Their manner of Confulling with

their Zemes.

Goflipptrg.

Manner of
SuccefTion.

Languages.

An Example
of ihc Bainoan Language,

il M E A I C A. Chap. XII
difpleas'd with him, becaufe he did not build a Houfe for him, or
confecrate
Garden to him, or in fome refpedt or other did not worfliip him as he
ought i
have done. When the Soul departs out of the Body, they conjure the Body
wii
many Adjurations, to reveal whether it died according to God's decree,
or throug
neglect of the iBoifi, as not having fandiifi'd himfelf enough by Fading
when!
went firfi; to the Sick, or not prefcrib'd fufncient Medicines :
wherefore if (as th(
fay) the Devil anfwers them from the Mouth of the Deceafed, that the
Sordid
not perform his due Office, then the neareft Friends revenge themfelves
on the ^ol
but if ochcrwife, then they are highly efteem'd amongft them. The Women
t
king the Stones which the !Boiri kept in his Mouth, wrap them up in a
fine Cloi
as a holy Relique, fuppofing that they will much facilitate their Childbirth.
The Cafujues defirousto know future Events of War, or whether the
approacj
ing Years will be fruitful, go into a Chappel confecrated to the Zemes^
and fnu
the intoxicating Herb Cohohha up their Noftrils j whereupon they break
out ini
loud Exclamations, and Tome kind of ftrange extravagant A(5tions^till
the power <
the Cohohha begins to decay, and the Frenzieceafe j then coming again to
their Sci
fes, they bow their Heads, and lay their Elbows on their Knees, in which
poftu:
they fit for a confiderable time, then lifting up their Eyes they yawn
as if the
they came from deep ; then they mutter to themfelves whilefl their
Retinue whi(
fland about them (for no common Perfon isfuffer'd to be there) thank
them with
loud Voice, for the pains they have been at in difcouriing with the
Zeines j the
the Cafjques begin to declare what hath been reveal'd to them, v/^.
whether th(
fliall be fortunate in the Wars or not j whether it will be a fruitful
or unfruitfu
healthy orfickly Year,

Moreover, at the Birth of theC^y/^w/s Children, the neighboring

Governors vil
the Women in Childbed, and every one gives the Child a peculiar Name,
froi
whence it happens that one Man hath oftentimes forty Names, and is
hiahly ii
censM if any one of them chances to be forgot in any Writing directed to
him.
Their manner of SuccefTion in Government is not unremarkable . for not
tl
eldefl Heir^male of the Family, but firfl the King or Cajtque's Brother,
if he ha^
any, and after his Deceafe the eldeft of the Sifters Inherits the Realm
or Seiqutork
if the Sifters have no Male-iffuej then the Brothers Sons Inherit ; and
in cafe the
have no Male^heir, then the next of Bloody whether Male or Female : but
if th
Prince or Cafiaue dies without Children, Nephews, or other near
Relations, the nej
in Power in the Countrey Inherits, and Marries as many Wives as he
pleafes j c
which file that he loves beft is burnM alive in her beft Apparel with
her Husban
when he dies, and near the Corps ftands a Cup of Water and Tome of tlie
Brea
There are feveral Languages in HiJpanioLty but differing from each other
: for i
the Province 'Bainoa they have a different,both Pronunciation and Dialed
from tha
in Cai:^mu.
In the faid Province of Cal^imu is a very remarkable Rock; or vaft Scone
to b
feen, at the Foot of a high Mountain ; and underneath the faid Stone is
a gre^
Cave, into which they go through a large Paffage, not unlike a Temple
Door
near which conjoyn many deep Rivers, with fuch a Noife and Foam, that
the
lofe both their Sight and Hearing, whoever approach the fame.
of the Language of the Province Bainoa, Teter Martyr gives us this
Specimen
^' The Wife of a Cajtque (fays he) went to Prayers in a Chappel which
was built b
'' the Spaniards ; at her Return from whence her Husband defiring to
enjoy he
^' (lie refufing, faid, Teitocaj teitoca, techeta Cynato guaimrnQhina^
that is to fay, iB^ co

:hap. XIII. ^ AMERICA , 523

tented, Be contented, God'^ould he highly incem'd : to which the Offus

anfwer'd^
Gnaihha Cynato machahucha guamechyna, that is, What care I if Cod he
an^ry
Since the Spaniards had firft poflcfTion of this Ifland, it hath been
twice Invaded ol^'st^^S.
y the F/;^////?, the firll: time under the Condua of Sir F/w/a^ DWve,
who took theSlTD^*'
own o^ San T>omhigo, ftaid in it a good while, and could if he had
pleas'd have
)tally difpoflefs'd i\\t Spaniards -^ the fecond time under Colonel
Venahles, fent
licher by 0/mr (/o;?zw// during his ufurp'd Dominion j at which time it
might
; eafily have been taken as at firlljhad not the Bufinefs been rafiily
and indifcreetly
lanag d, as fhall prefently be declared more at large. The firfl
Expedition of Sir
rancis Drake hath been already hinted, but for the memorablenefs of that
bold
xploit, we fhall give a particular Account of it from a late Writer, who
hath ^tt
rth the Life of that brave EngUp} Heroe. In the Year of our Lord 1580.
about the
id of February fetting Sail from St Chrijlophers for Hilpaniola, by the
Way they mec
^ich a fmall Frigat bound for San Vomingo^ and the Men of her beinoExamined,
ne affur'd them that the Haven of it was a barr'd Haven, and the Shore
well
)rtifiM, fo that there was no convenient Landing within ten Englifh
Miles of the
;ity, whither this Man undertook to condu6t them. January the firfl:
they Landed
n Miles from the City, and marchingthither under the Command of the
Lieutemt General, arriv'd about one a Clock in the Afternoon j when they came
near,
30ut a hundred and fifty Gentlemen well Mounted, prefented themfelves
againft
lem J but the fmall Shot playing upon them, they departed, and the
H^///7? pro
;eded towards the two Gates of the City that lay towards the Sea, both
which the
laniards had Mann'd, and planted their Ordnance without the Gates, and
fomc
nail Shot in an Ambufli by the Way-fide : The Englifi being about twelve
hun^
red Men, divided themfelves 5 the Lieutenant-General leading the one
half to one
ate, and Captain Towel the other half to the other Gate, vowing that
with God's
(rifl:ance they would not refl: till they met in the Market-place : No
fooner had the
/JdwWf difcharg'd their Ordnance, doing fome little Execution, but the
Lieute^.

ant-General hafl:ed, or rather ran upon them, to prevent their Charging

again,
ndnotwithftanding their Ambufli, entred Pell MeU with them into the
Gate, not
aying till he came into the Market-place, unto whom fiiortly after came
Captain
Wf/ with his Companies. This Place they fl:rengthned with Barricade's,
the
'ity being too large to be guarded by fo fmall and weary an Army. And
after
4id-night they in the Caftle, hearing fome of the EngUJh bufie about the
Gate,
[uitted it, fome being taken Prifoners, and others efcaping by Boats.
The next
ay the Englif? enlarg d their Quarters, and fortifi'd themfelves, and
held the Town
or a Moneths fpace. During this time the General fent a Negro Boy with a
Flag
if Truce to the Spaniards, who by the Way was met by fome Officers of
the Galley
vhich the EttgUp? hsid taken, together with the City, who furioufly
thrufl: the poor
Joy through the Body ; who returning to the General, and having declar'd
how
)arbaroufly they had us'd him, fell down and died in his Prefence. The
General
)eing much mov'd herewith, commanded the Provofl:=Martial to take two
Fryers^
,nd to carry them to the fame place with a fulficient Guard, and there
to hang
hem 5 and withal he fent one of the Prifoners to inform the Spaniards
why he did
t, and to tell them, that till the Party who had thus murder'd his
Meffenger were
leliver'd to him, there fhould no day pafs wherein he would not hang two
Prifolers, till all were confum'd. Hereupon the day following the Murtherer
was
)rought, and an Offer made to deliver him to the General, who yet
thought it more
lonorable to make them perform the Execution themfelves in the fight of
the En%1/^, which was done accordingly. - lis Diirins

BH

Venabks hi?
Expedition
to San Do'

miugo.

a M E %l C A. \ Chap. XII]
DurincT their abode here^ CommifTionei'S ofc palVd between xht Spaniards
2,vi
tbem about the Ranfom of the City, but not agreeing, the EngUjl ipent
ever
Morning till the heat of the Day in firing and deftroying the Houfes m
the out
ward part of the City, two hundred Manners being employM therein for
diver
days J yet were the Houfes built fo magnificently and ftrongly of Stone,
that the
could not confume one third part of the Town all that time j whereupon
the Ge
neral was contented to accept of twenty five thoufand Ducats oi 5 s, 6 d
apiece d
rpare the refl-.
Here his Soldiers met with good Pillage, efpecially of rich Apparel, but
Trea
fure they found none j for the Spaniards by their Cruelties had fo
deftroy'd the Na
tives, who us'd to work in the Mines of Gold and Silver, that they were
wholl;
given over; and in that Ifland they were forc'd to ufe Copper Money: yet
the;
found floreof Wine, Oyl, Vinegar, Wheat, Woollen and Linnen Cloth, fom
Silks, i7-c. which much relieved them : there was but little Plate
found, but goo<
ftore o^forcelane.or: China Diihcs^^ yet feme they found, and very
cofily Houl
hold-ftufF.
Venahks his Expedition was in the Year i ^54. wlien CroynmU having gainM
th
fupream Power under the Title of froteBor, and having us'd fo many
Engines fo
the getting of Money to maintain his Greatnefs and ufurp'd Authority ,
tha
he was Almofl brought to his laft Shifts, bethought himfelf of this
Project, (01
as fome fuppofe, had it put into his Head by Cardinal Ma^^arinCj the
then grea
Minifter of State in France, with whom he had intimate Correfpondence)
thinkinj
thereby to kill two Birds with one Stone : for on the one fide, he
thought by thi
notable Exploit to advance his Fame abroad, and gain Credit and Applaufe
wit]
the People at home, by enlarging his Empire, and fpreading the Renown of
th

Englip Nation, and Co confequently to eftablifli himfelf the more firmly

in his nev
gotten Power j and at the fame time by the great Riches he promised to
himfel
from this Adventure, to recruit his Stock, which all his griping
Exadions, efpeci
ally from the King's Party, could fcarce fupply for the keeping up of
his Army
maintaining Intelligence^and other vaft Expences : To this end he fets
forth a con
iiderable Fleet with extraordinary fpced andfecrecy, it not being known
whithei
this Fleet was defign'd till they were almoft upon the very Place, that
the Spaniarc
might not be forewarn'd to provide againftthem, onely in general terms
it was
given out, that the Defign was both advantageous to the Nation, and
would prove
a great enrichment to all that went upon it ; fi^ that it is no great
wonder, if within
a (liort fpace a good competent Army was got together of fuch as having
neither
Eftates nor Employments, willingly ofFer'd themfelves, as Men that went
from the
fear of Iron Grates,to the hopes of Golden Ingots ; and many of them
were fuch as
having been in the late King's Army, and difdaining to take any
Employment at
home under that Government,were eafily indued to Lift themielves in this
Armada:
nor Was Oliver a little glad of this occafion of lending out of the
Land,and employing upon a defperate Adventure thoreMen,who he had reafon to fufped
would,upon any opportunity offer'd, be the firft Oppofers of his ufurp'd Power.
This Army
being fent to fort/mouth for Embarquation, and there making fuch
Preparations
as was convenient, which a Vloneths time or thereabouts was thought
would accomplifh,a Mefienger came from Deshorough {who was thereto fet them
going) to
the General, that he flionld prepare to Embarque on Chrijlmas-dsiy ;
which at the
firft the General receiv'd with great impatience, alledging. That it was
not poflible fo to do, and that he would not fet Sail without his Arms and other
Neceftaries,
which were not yet come from London : however^ at his going to
Veshorough he was
prevail'd

^l"

3hap. Xlir. A M E%^I C A ,.>

)revailM upon to let Sail, with a promife cliat the Ships> with the Anns
fliould
mmediately follow Kim to the ^rWoV, where he was to flay till their
arrival;
b on ChrlftmAsAiy they fet Sail, and about the fourteenth o^ February
arriv'd at "Bar^ado's with three thoufand Men, and a Company of Reformado's^ which
there
Arere doubled;, and then,and not till then, it was told them, That the
reafon of their
b fudden going away, was becaufe there was a Plot forming in England for
ren:o=
ing the King, and that they were not thought fit to be left there at the
Head of
heir Regiments, to be tempted with the advantage of joyning with any
fucJi Party.
Vc 'Barbado's they ftaid till they had almofl: undone that Place by
eating up their Pro*
afionSjthe Planters there feldom preparing morethan they have occafion
to fpend
n their Houfes, and for their Servants (having better and more
profitable Employ^
nents upon their Hands) and the Soldiers not being content wirh fuch
Provifions
is their Servants would be well pleas'd with, fo that they were in
danger of flar*
ring the Ifland and themfelves too : Thereupon a Council of War was
calTd, and
he nece/fity of leaving that Ifland declared, and Orders iflu'd out to
fet Sail for
^ifpauiolaj where they might make fuch Attempt as their Condition would
allow,
/vantinCT Arms and other Neceffaries when they came within five or fix
Leagues
)( HtJpa?iiola the Fleet lay by, and a Council of War was calTd by the
Commi/Iiolers (for fuch they had who were never Soldiers) with fome few Officers
of the
\.rmy, where it was refolv'd to attempt Sa?t Dom'mgOj and an Order made,
That in
:afc it betaken, no Soldier fhould offer to Plunder, but that
fatisfad'ion in lien
hereof fliould be given by the Commi/Iioners j the Officers of the Army
in vain
)ppofing and proteftingagainfi: it, which occafion'd the Soldiers to
fay. That the
Uommidioners fhould take the Town themfelves, for they would not | Lots
were
here drawn by the fevcral Colonels who fliould firft Land, which fell
upon the
3lack Regiment, who had no Arms but Half-pikes of eight Foot long, made
of

Cabbage-Tree in the (Barbado's ; And Orders were then given out to the
feveral
colonels to Land at the River Hind, within two Leagues of San Domingo .
fo they
leer'd their Courfe thither, as was thought, by Night, but the next
Morning found
:hemfelves twenty Leagues at lead from the place of Rendezvouz, though
one Regiment Landed there, who durft not attempt the Town for want of
Orders^though
doubtlefs they might have taken it, had they not ftaid in expedation of
the General
ind the reft of the Fleet ; but when they were thus caft Leeward of the
Town,
they muft Land their Men, who no fooner went on Shore, but the Order
againft
Plundering was read, and the Soldiers in a Mutiny to whom it was read,
which
made the reft forbear to read it, judging it no time now to difoblige
them, who
had in their Officers opinion too juft a caufe of difcontent : However
this was
made known to the reft, and difcours'd as they march'd, That they had
not thought
to be under a Committee here, but they would make them weary of their
Employment ere they had done : And this indeed was enough, befides the
faintnefs
and unufual Heat of the Countrey, to difanimate Men of good Rcfolutions,
eipecially the ordinary Soldiers, whofe hopes of Plunder is the chiefeft
prop to their
Courage, and exeded Gain the fpurr to their Valour. After they had
Landed their
Men, next Morning early they march'd towards San 'Domingo j but before
Noon
the Heat and Drought which they felt made them fenfible of their firft
Errour and
Inadvertency, in coming f^om Englarid without their Neceflaries ; for
throuj^h want
of Bottles, which were left behind, and came not till three Moneths
afterwards,
the Men fell down dead in the High- ways, everyone fainting and
languifhing, and
crying out for Water : fiiortly afcer they met with a Field of Oranaes.
which was
tio unwelcome fight, with which they ftor'd themfelves . but g r^ they
had march'd
H I fpyr

'W*?

^^

?^^ ^MEXICJ. Chap. XllI

four or five Miles thought they had quench'd their prefent Thirft and
thei
Drought beg.n to increafe however, they march'd on, leaving fome of thei
Men dead on the place, others fainting, were fet upon the Troopers
Horfes til
they came that Night to fome Water, which gave them new Hfe, and the
Morrov^
early itiarch d agam till they came within fome Miles of the appointed
Rendez
vouz,where they heard of the other Regiment that Landed at the right
place Anc
now havmg refreflVd themfelves with Reft, Water, and Provfion, they
march'c
to tne takmg of the Town ; the General himfelf, with a fmall Party and a
Guide
^rcnt towards the Town to find out fome Water, which he knew the Soldier
would want, (not having Bottles to carry any) but as they were on their
March
vvh.ch was very leifurely by reafon of the Heat, they heard a firine of
Mufquets
then making more fpeed in their March, fuppofingan Engagement, in the
High:
way about a Mile from the Town, was found one of the General's
Secretaries
with others,dead ; and not long after fome came back to the General,and
told him'
That looking for Water with the Guide, an Ambufcade iffu-d out, and had
kiU'c
the Guide that ffiould have fliew'd them the place of Water, and fome
others and
although fome which Commanded the foremoft Regiments were very forward
and
willing to afl-ault the Town, yet it was not thought fit fo to do till
the Army came
up, by which tirneit was Night ; and though they were then within half a
Mile ol
the Town, yet the Soldiers were fo impatient for Water, that they could
not ftav
nil the next Morning to affault the Town, but were forc'd to march back
to the
River Hwd about eight Miles , (and this ReUter did at that time drink
his own
Water) there they ftaid till they had again refrefli'd themfelves, and
then prepar-d
tor their Return to attaque the Town ; and notwithftanding the March it
felf in a
hot Countrey was irkfom enough, yet they were forc'd to make the
Soldiers to

drawthe Ordnance and other Carriages for wantof Harnefs and other
Neceffaries
which were left behind ; however, they willingly underwent it by Turns :
And
now a Forlorn was drawn out, and other Orders given for a March
efpecially it
being taken notice of, that the Enemies manner of fight was and would be
by Ambufcades, a File in every- Company were order'd to ftand till the other
came up
and to face to the Right and Left to the Woods,which were all along as
they went
for fear of a Surprize , and the Forlorn marching near an old Fort,
call'd Jemnmo'
which we had been poffefs'd of before, but thought not worth the keeping
and
fearmg they might meet with fome fmall uppofition there, began to
fottifie them,
felves, and took a Dram of the Bottle, which as they were drinking, and
others
eating a bit, luddenly ruft'd forth an Ambufh of about a hundred and
twenty
!Blach, with a Spanif, Commander in the Head of them, which fo amaz'd
and furpriz'd them, that fome few onely Difcharging, the reft immediately fled
- the Slacks
quickly falling in with their Lances, and doing fuch Execution as the
time would
allow them ; for prefently the Alarm being taken, and Supplies marching
out for
their relief, the Enemy, who had done more than they could poiEbly
expeft to
have done, retreated into their Fort, which they had better fortifi'd
than before,
and had planted fome fmall Drakes there upon it , the Execution was fo
ftort'
that they had not time either to ftrip or pick a Pocket, left they had
paid too dear
tor It. After this Defeat a Council of War was call'd, and there it was
agreed the
next Morning early to fill on upon that little Fort, .ind fo proceed to
the taking of
the Town ; but very early, as they were in that ex-pca.ition, Orders
came from the
General to the Army to march back totheRiver Hm^, for what reafon this
Relator
(though a confiderablePerfon) never yet knew ; where after they had
ftaid fome
fime, thatMilcarri.agewasqueftion'dat a Council of War, and one of the
chief
Officers

',-.-(.

^p^

a'nd
of

liet

In

mr

I'

f
WIT
1
i

"TT

Chap. XIV. <U M EX^I C A. ^

officers of the Forlorn orderM to liave his Sword broke over his Head,
with other
difgraccful Impofitions, and two Colonels of the Army were orderM to
draw
np the Caufes of this Mifcarriage to fend to Englanl ^^ which, becaufe
'twas
:hought would too much refled on them in Power that were to fupply them,
was
3y thofe Colonels judg'd inconvenient, and fo 'twas never done. The
number of
Vlen loft by Stragling, Sicknefs, and this unhappy Engagement, amounted
in the
;7hole to about two hundred and thirty. In a (liort time after this, it
was ordered
Ship the Men; which done, after fome Debates amongft the Commiffioners
vhat was beft to be done, Provifions nor Ucenfils yet coming fit for the
Defign inended, which was to poiTefs fome confiderable Place in the M?w, it was
agreed
rhat they Oiould fteer their Courfe for the Ifland o^-jamaica which
they did accor '
lingly, and on the tenth day of May 1654. with little oppolltion
poirefs'd it :

vhere the fame Soldiers have fhew'd not onely fuch Courage and
Refolution upon
,11 occafions, (in many and frequent Encounters and Invafions made by
the Spam-Yds, not onely with Soldiers of thofe Parts, but fuch as have been fent
from Spain,
<laples, Catalonia, and other Places) as might fpeak them En^lifr^men,
but fuch hath
.een their Patience and Sufferance, as none of this Nation in the memory
of Man
ave ever been put to, the Effea:s whereof their King and Countrey, 'tis
hop'd,
7ill have occafion to remember, to their immortal Honor and Renown.
Htfpaniola is furrounded with feveral other Ifles, as i. Eaftward
appears Saona,
m of pleafant Woods and Paftures, with Cattel feeding on them ; in
former times
: produc'd much C^^abi for the City Domi?i^o . but fince the Spaniards
murderM all
^e Irihabitants ^m^o 1502. it hath never been inhabited. 2. The Rocky
Shelf
t.Catalina. 3. Jhaque, 4, Nava^a. y Guanaho, 6.rortuga, abounding in
Hogs
id 7. ^eata, famous for the excellent fpeckled Wood which grows there,
and a
vifc River, which oftentimes detains the Ships there whole Moneths.

CHAP. XIV.
Porto Rico, and Monico.
A Nother of thofe callM The Ijles of^arlo^ento, is Son>.^, anciently fo
nam'd, bo.s and
f-^ but now more generally <^om %o,from St.Juan de ^orto <^co,ks chief
Town, p^i^t
is an Ifland fifteen Leagues diftant from Santa Crux, to the North- Weft
id about as many from HiJ^aniola to the South-Eaft, but from the
Continent or
lain Land ofTaria (which feems to be the neareftj a hundred and thirty,
or a hun.
red thirty fix, as fome reckon. It lieth almoft in a quadrangular Form,
being
ippos d to contam about thirty Leagues in length, and not lefs than
twenty in
readth, in eighteen and nineteen Degrees of Northern Latitude.
The Ifland on the North, which is lefs fruitful than the South part,
produces
old and IS generally watered with many Rivers. There is alfo Silver,
Tin, Lead
aickfil ver, and J^ure, us'd by Painters. The Rain generally falls there
between
.jand^.^.^ A little before, or in the beginning of Harveft, the

Hurricanes
eaking forth from the Clouds, rage in fuch a manner, that it is
impoiTible for any
nps to endure the Sea, and a Northern Blaft generally doth great damage
to th
ants here. ^ '
Ten Leagues towards the South-Eaft beyond fortomco, appe.ars Sierra del
Lo^ ''-^^ ^^^
^uiilo,

Sk

3i8

AMERICA.

Chap. XI\

Jtivcrs.

Trees,'

The poifnnous Apple Irce.

The Tree
Qaiba.

quilloj being a continued Ridge of Mowntains which runs through the

whole Iflan^
from Eaft to Weft, extending both ways to the very Sea-fiiore.
Twenty three Rivers difcharge their Waters alfo into the Ocean ; amongft
whicl

the chiefeft is Cairahorij particularly noted for ten Sugar-Mills which

are eredci
upon its Banks.
The Hills, Plains, and Valleys^ are invefted with variety of Trees
peculiar t<
this place, sisTabunuco, which affords a medicinal Gum, good againft
Lamcnefs
and green Wounds : it is alfo of great ufe topreferve a Ship's Keel from
the Worms
Another Tree call'd Maga^ is everlafting Wood, and bears a great Flower
like ;
Rofc.
The Leaves of the Hi^illo Tintado-Ttee cures all manner of Bruifes.
The fame power is alfo in the little Tree Sanfia Maria j as likewife in
anothei
by the Spaniards call'd 'Balfamo.
The Body of the Tree Zoyla is fo thick, that fifteen Men holding Hands
together, cannot encompafs the fame.
The rpeckled Wood, and CaJ^ia Fi/?/4 grow alfo here in great abundance.
Here is likewife Apple^Trees, which grow by Rivers fides, or on the Seafhorc,
whofe Fruit is rank Poyfon, and who-everfleeps under the fliadow of
them, will
certainly be Lame : The Fruit eaten generally caufes Death j or if
Nature be To
ftrong in him that eats of it, to overcome the fame, yet he is certain
to lofe his
Hair.
As hurtful is the prickly Herb Quihey, which bears white Flowers like
Violets.
But this Ifland receives the greateft prejudice by the Tree Guaiaha,
becaufe il
grows in moft places, and over-runs Plains and Hills, fo fpoiling all
the Grafs, bc'
tween which and the forc=mention'd Tree there is fijch an antipathy,
that none
will grow near it. The Tree bears a brown Apple full of Kernels, which
are eater
by Beafts and Fowls, and from which falling on the Ground when ripe,
grow uj
in new Trees, which makes the Countrey a meer Wildernefs : The Body of
it i
fmooth and of a pale colour, the Leaves hard, and glittering, and grow
two an(

w.

iHK

:hap. XI Vc ^<tA M E-%^1 C A. ' ^ yif)' ~

wo over one anbcher the Flowers have alfp five Leaves, in the middle
of which
ifes a Crown like that on a Peacock's Head : The Friijt, which is coverM
with a
oft DoLin, and fomewhat longer than the European Apple, when cut
throucrh,
lath a pale red Pulp, full of eatable Kernels : before ic is ripe, it is
of a fnarp tafte,
ct good boyPd, but when ripe, of a mofl delicious and pleafant
rellilli ; neverthe==
ds too much of it caufes a Lask : The Roots, wiiich are red without.
'and white
vithin, are juicy, fweet, and very long,the Leaves fallow and
fowreoftafte.
Amongft the ftrangc Beails the JaVaris, Opajjtm, and Tami^ arc the moil
remark- The Bcdn
Me. The >V.rni are taken for a fort of wild Hogs, and have (Iiort Ears
and a ^''
<[avel on their Backs, little Tails, fome black, and fomc fpotted white.
The Oj^ajfum is as big as a Cat, hath a fliarp Mputh.the upper Jaw-bone
hanging The o^f.,
)ver the lower, Iong,fl:raight,and broad Ears,and a very longTail^bald
at the end,
vhich winds in a Circle J on. its Back black Hair fprinkled with grey
Spots, and
vith its {harp Claws climbs up the Trees^ where it feeds on Fruit, and
fometimes
)reys on Fowls. Nature hath furnifliM this Beaft with a ftrange Bag
under its
klly, whereof the in-fide hath a far fofter Doun than the out-fide, in
which the
roung ones lie and fuck, after which the Bag opening, they creep out
upon the
jround. The Males have alfo a Bag^, which ferves onely to carry their
Young in,
or they and the Females carry them by turns.
The Tarn};, which is arm'd with (harp Scales, hath the Mouth of a Hog,
and at v^otator^^
;ach Foot five fharp Nails : when it is Hunted, or goes to deep in the
Niaht, ic
Iraws its Head, Legs and Tail under its fcaly Coat of Mail, like a
Tortoife,''and in "
;hat manner lies fecure againft all manner of danger.

The Venifon taken here is very delicate, but difficult to be got 5 for
this Beafl
laving a breathing.place in its Back, never tires with running, and when
encom.
DafsM by the Dogs, falls valiantly on thofe that are neareft to it, and
often tears
:hemin pieces.
. The chief Towns in this lHand, are i, (porto (^co it felf, commonly
callM '^^'^'^'^
?f. John defoyto %ico (fo term'd by Chriflo^her Qolumhrn, as being the
firll Land difco- "''''"
/er'd by him in the Year 1493. ^^ ^^^^ time when he could not perfwade
his Sea- .
nen, wearied out with continual hardfliip, from returning, if they
difcovcr'd not
Land in two days) a ftrong and neat Town, built by the Command of (HiUp
the
second, King of Spain: It was attempted by Sir Fmicis Drake in the Year
15(^5;
without [ucctCs, but a few years after taken by the Earl of QimherUnd.
2. Sl Germans, in the Weft part of the lOand, three or four Leagues
diftant from
:he Sea.
3. Jrreaho, Weft ward from (porto %tco, where the moft noted Haven is of
thofe
:arts, for all the others arc full of Rocks and Sands.
^ The antient Inhabitants of this Ifland maintained continual Wars with
the
Cannibals (probably the Natives of the Ifiands fo callM) who us'd every
year to
:omethither: thofe that were conquered, as well of the one fide as of
the other/
vere eaten by the Conquerors, fo that in etfed, both fides were but a
different fort
)fCannibals.
Columhm Landing here, found a great Houfe furrounded with twelve others,
buc
11 of them empty and defolate.
This lOand (which formerly is faid to have been under the abfolute Power
of
iiefi>le King) tht Spaniards not much regarded at firft, having enough
to do with
iiJpamoU, where they found more Gold than on forto %tco.
Anno ijio. John Ponce de Leon obtain^ a Commiffion from the Court of
Spain, td ''^^^i
e chief Governor of this Ifland, and built G/^^rr^ which Place was
inhabited ^' ^''"^
. ' twelve

33

A M E'B^l C J.

Chap. XIV

The SitiutI
on, Dclcription and
I ate of St.
Jtixn de Forte Rjco.

Tlte Ca%u
T.igttara's
Experiment,

The Avarice
and Cruelty
of the Spaniards.

Ceremonies
of ihe eld
Natives.

twelve yearSj notwithHanding it flood behind a fcraggy Mountain, in a

defar
place far up in the Countrey ; but their thirft after Gold, of which
fome Vein

were difcover'd there,made themdifpence with all other inconveniences :

yetat laf
beginning to be weary of this defolate and barren place of
Settlement,they remov'<
to Guanica, water'd by many Rivers, whofe Sands had great quantities of
Gold
duft. Not (laying long there, they went four Leagues farther, and call'd
thei
new Plantation Sofo Myor. Laflly, returning again, they fetled
themfelves in thi
former Valley Guanica^ and built the foremention'd Town St, Germans by
the Ri
ver Guaorahoy which makes an inconvenient Haven.
Jtwi de ^orto ^co (lands Eaftward at the beginning of the North Coafl,on
a fmal
Teninjula, joyn'd to the Ifland by an high IJihrnm called ^uente de
J^uilar, Near thi
Mouth of the Haven lies on a rifing Hill the Fort Morro Empinado,
built trianpula:
hy John de Texi/^ and ^aptijla Jntomlli (who alfo planted there forty
Guns) and fur
rounded with the Sea, which renders it a well fortified place. The
Governor D/V?
Mende:^ de Falde:^ had in it fifteen hundred Men and eighty Horfes, when
the fore
mentioned valiant Duke of (Cumberland with a far lefs number fell upon
him in th<
Year i <^^y. and not onely took the City ^orto ^tco, but feveral other
Fortifications j
and befidesan invaluable mafs of Treafure he carried away eighty Guns.
Sometim(
before this Defeat the Spaniards under the Government o^ Chriflopher^Son
to the Tortu
guefe Duke o^Cami^na, were Invaded by the Cannibals, and all that were
then upon the place utterly deftroy'd, none of them efcaping but the Bifliop
and his Ser
vants, who betimes fled away with the Church Ornaments j fo that the
lilanderi
from that time were put out of doubt that the Spaniards were mortal, for
they fup,
pos'd them immortal when firft they faw their great Ships^ and heard the
noife oi
their thundering Cannon.
Hu^h Linfchot relates. That the Cafique Yaguara threw a Spa?iiard into
the Water
to try whether he would drown or not,and feeing him wholly deprived of
Life he
concluded by eonfequence that the reft of them were mortal, and
thereupon he fei
upon them when they were feekingfor Gold, and kill'd above a hundred and
fifty
of them.
(peter Martyr relates farther. That thefe People, though very expert in

Arms, yet
were oftentimes beaten by the Cannibals, who at one time carried above
five
thoufand People out o^forto ^co for their Winter Provifions.
Nor was their Condition bettered after the Spa?iiards conquer'd the
Ifland,for thofe
that could not furnifli them with Gold, were certain of Death : Nor were
their
Cruelties in other places undivulg'd to this People before their Arrival
whereupon (as is related by feter Ordonne;^ de Qarellos) the Cafique Hatyey
being informed
of the Spaniards Approach, took an Oath from his Subjed:s, That they
fliould never
difcover where the Gold lay, though they fhould be put to death for it 5
for (faid
he) Gold is their God, for fiphich they make fo many curfed 'Blood-baths
where-e^er they come
therefore thro'i^ the Gold into fome yery deep Waters, for Ti?hen the
Spanifli God is funk, the
Spaniards iPtll lofe their Courage, and not plague usfo much for it.
Many were the Idolatrous Ceremonies of the old Natives of this Place,
which
would be too tedious to relate j but amongft the reft, they annually
kept a great
Feaft, at which the Cafiques fummon'd all their Subjeds to a Temple
appointed for
that purpofe, where the Priefts had prepared an Idol ready fct forth in
all its Pageantry 5 near which the Cafhpie plac'd himfelf, when upon the beating
of a Drum
all the Commonalty came alio into the Temple ; the Men painted with
divers Colours, having on their Heads Plumes of Feathers, about their Necks,
Legs, and
Arms, Strings of Sea-fliells. The Married Women had alight Covering
about
their

:hap. .XV. ^ \J M E'R^l C A.

leir Middle, but the Maids went ftark naked, all of them Dancing and
Singing
ongs m praife of the Idol; after which having faluted the Cafi^m, they

thruft
ttle Sticks down their Throats, fo to bring up ail they had upon their
Stomachs -
/hich done, and fitting down with their Legs under them, they began to
Sing
new, often bowing and lliewing Reverence to the Caft^ue ; whileft fome
Women
arried Baskets of Bread amongft thofe that Sang, and uttered certain
Prayers,which
7ere anfwer'd by fome of the Men ; the Bread being blefs'd by the
Priefts, they
ave every one a piece, with which they returned home very merry and
jocund.
But the God of this Ifland, whoever he was , hath been a long time left
nthout Worfliippers ; for thofe that were left by the Invading
Cannibals, were
ruelly malfacred by the Spaniards, infomuch that they have been thereby
necefli.
ited to furnifli themfelves with iSf^^ro^i to work in their Mines and
Sugar^Millsnd theie alio not able to endure fuch hard Entertainment, ran mod of
them away '
)r when a T^egro did not bring Gold enough home at Night, his Mailer
tying hitil
aked to a Stake or Poll, and beat him with Rods or Switches fo lon^r^
till the
lood ran down his Back, then poor'd boyling Oyi into the Wounds,'' and
then
irew Pepper and Salt into them, and fo let him lie, or elfe put him into
a Pit, out'
f which his Head appeared onely. But thofe that fled gathering together,
fomeraes met with the 5/)4/Wi, and paid them in their own Coin. ' ^
HAftward of(porto^co, and betwixt it and Hifpmola, there lieth a little
but '^''^ i^-^^
U fruitful Ifland caird Af.^ 5 and Weftward of that, another called
Momco, or ^- "'
tonetta j which laft the E?igUJh, when time was, found fo admirably
ftor'd wi'th a
rt of wild Fowl, that the huge Flights of them feem'd to darken the
Air over their
[eads, and upon their Landing found fuch plenty of their Eggs upon the
Shore
id Ground thereabouts, that they prefently laded two of their Boats with
them,
ut how peopled or pofTefsM, not fo well known.

CHAP. XV,

he feveral
Names of

Cuba.' " .I y^ 7 Eft ward, or rather to the North- Weft of H,j}mmla, lieth Cuba,
ac ^V V TT "' ^ '*'' ^"' '"" ofSarloyrento, and by Columb^, upon his c2
firft Difcovery, call'd Joanna, afterwards Fernandina, thca Ma and
mega, till at laft the prefent Name prevail'd ; it is parted from the
other by a
nth, or narrow Channel, which runneth betwixt the Capes of St. NMolas,
be
,ngmg to H^^ankta and that call'd May^>, belonging to Quba : On the
North it i. b,-:
ath a Fr.eoflittlelflands call'd r/;.Lc.^^/yZW., of which more in their
proper
lace, fo many and fo thick fcatter'd, that they ferve for no fmall
Security and De;nce of the Ifland on that fide , befides, a part of the f ,Y'^ of F/
J., which
-oafteth rt likewife Northward ,. on the Weft it hath the Countrey of
>.r.
rh.ch IS part of the Continent, but ata diftance of forty or fifty
Leagues . and ou
K South J.,.,c.. It is reckon'd to be in length from Cape A^^' which
looks
.wards H.fyan,ola to the Cape of St. Anthony, which is upon the Bay of
Me-Mco, two
undred and thirty Leagues, but iA breadth in fome places not above
fifteen or fix,
len Leagues over ; in the broadeft place from Jardum to Lmanaca. not
above forty,
'in

^^

mf^

5P

J M E %I C A.

Cliap. XV

If

Trees.

Birds.

Manner of taiing Parroti,

Chief Provinces of
Cuta.

in others fixty five. But for fertility of Soil, contending with

Hifpaniola it felf an
for temperature andhealthinefs of Air, much exceeding it nor lefs rich
former!
in good Mines both of Gold and Silver, and plentifully ftor'd at
prefent, not onel
with Sugar-Canes of the beft Growth, but likewife with abundance of
Gingei
Roots, Cafia-FifiuUj Maftick, Aloes, Cinamon^, Long-Pepper o^ Jmcrka, as
they ca!
it, and divers other forts of Spices. The Pafturesno lefs abounding with
Cattel c
all forts, efpecially o^ European Breed j the Rivers and Coafts of the
Sea with goo
Fifh J no fcarcity of Fowl, whether wild or tame ; good Brafs and Iron
flill founc
with fome Gold in the Rivers, efpecially thofe v/hichfall into the ^2iy
Xa<rua o
the South fide of the Ifland ; the chiefeft thereof are Jrimao^ La Luna
^ De Mare.
and Cauto j the biggeft of them falls Southward into the Sea 5 all of
them bree
ftore of Crocodiles, which have oftentimes feiz'd both upon Men and
Beaft^, an
carrying them into the Water, devoured them there.
The Cedars breathe forth a mofl: excellent fweet fmell, and grow fo

large, th*
out of the fingle Trunks of fome of them Boats are faid to have been
made, capa
ble to hold forty, fometimcs fixty Men.
There are alfo many other very odoriferous Trees_, yielding a certaiti
Rozen c
Gum, no lefs precious than the Storax,
But nothing grows here more plentifully than Vines, the Bodies or Stocks
c
which are as thick as a Man's Middle, and bear excellent Grapes.
Befides Partridges, Turtle-Doves, and other Fowl, the Sea.fliore breeds
thoi
fands of Cranes, which when young, arc white, but when old, become of
fever;
Colours ; they ftand commonly with their Legs in fait Water, which they
drink.
The Parrots which breed here us'd to be taken by the Natives after a
ftranc
manner : A Boy having a Bundle of Herbs about his Head, climbs up to the
to
of a Tree, holding a Parrot over his Head, which by griping he forces to
make
noife, and thereby draws others to come flying about him ; upon which,
beincr a
pert in this Art, he throws a String with a Noofe made faft to a Stick
about then
and pulls them to him.
There are a fort of four-footed Serpents, by the Natives call'd
Y^tiatiaSj of whic
they us'd to eat.
The Flefli of Tortoifes or Turtles, was accounted a great Dainty
amonc^fl them
efpecially thofe of the biggefi:fizc,of which fome have been known to
weigh a hun
dred and thirty Pound : The Feet of them are faid to cure the Leprofie
and Scabs,
^ Amongft the peculiar Trees of this Countrey, are the Za^ua and the
(^anwga.
The Cotton, which is of the natural Growth of this Place, is exceeding
fine.
Here is alfo the Bird Flamingo, and another fijrt of Bird call'd
'Bamhayas, ^
In former times Cuba was Governed by feveral Lords, each Commanding ovc
his own Province.
The chiefefi: of thefe Provinces are May^^i, BayamOj Cueyha,
Qamguey^Macaca^ Xagua
Habana, and Uhifna j fome of them are plain, others mountainous, and

being mor
or lefs fruitful, were very populous, before the Spaniards ca.mc th'nhet
, hut fince thei
cruel Mafiacres, fcarce any of the ancient Natives are left : Nor are
the S^anisird
here at prefent very populous, confidering the largenefs of the Ifland.
In the Province of Camaguey is a Valley three Leagues in bignefs, where
Natun
produces a great number of large Scones fo exactly round, that no Man
with i
Compafs can make a more exad: Circle.
Though the Gold, which is digg'd out of the Mines, and found in Rivers,
i
none of the purefl:, yet the Copper which this Countrey affords is
accounted eX
cellent.
Th

rrt

W^"^FWK-y:

1/

W\ i:f

aS

\ i' ;^N^^>?4;:

.-^tpwsr-^-^^;

MltrJ

'iK

^%^'

m i ni

Mf

A .C

il

ii

TO.
1 :^^^\'

,l'

*l?^:

*P"vnRr**'

fKi

::;hap. KV. J M e%^i c a ^ .

The Serpents here are about the bignefs of a Hare, having Heads like
Weezies . sp.
hey prey onhttleBeaftscail'd Gualnu^uiua^^s, and have been accounted
delicious
,na wholiom Meat.
. , '^!"'"'if."' ^*f " f '"' ^"''^"'y "^''^"'J- The Men made it a
Cuftom to for- a..w caketheu XS^ives when they pleas'd ; yet the W.omen were ftiU oblip'd to
be faith- nX.:' "*
111 to them, though from the very firft day of their Marriage they were
taught to
Cuckold them, by a certain wicked Ceremony in ufe amongil them- for the
Indegroom lay not with his Bride the firft Night, but fufFer'd her to be
enioy'd by
ne of his Friends of equal Quality withhimfelf, whether he were Lord
Mer.
bant, Laboring.man, or what Eftate foever. i '
Thisjnand was reduc'd under the %,/, Govermrtent not without great
effu- = .,..u
on of Blood ; for the Natives having had continual Wars with the
Cannibals, as "^^^l
ith been fa.d, were not ignorant in the Exercifc of Arms. The firft
%;//; Com- ''"""'
lander fent againft them was VddiVm, whom they flew with all his Men and
hew'd
,s Ship an pieces. Little better efcap d Fo^da, whofe Men were all cut
off, and
i himfelf efcaping very miraculoufly , died not long after of his Wounds
in
\ Vomlngo. . ,
Within two years after, V,^. Jmtoip^. Die^oydafque^ with better fuccefs
fet^'-r-..^
rth for Cuba, where the firft thing he did was to build a City, which he
call'd ''"'*"
.J<g, lying near a Southern Bay, full of FiOi, and defended with
feveral fmall
es, behind which the Ships in the greateft Storm may Ride very fccure .
by rea.
n whereof the new City increas'd To much, th in a ffiort time it codd
ffiew
.othoufand Inhabitants, a brave Church, a Cloyfter, and was made a

Bifliop's
e, butlubordinate tothatofSf. DommWo. .i,
Three or four Leagues from the City are th6feVamous Mountains, by the
5..- r. c..
I u 1 u [Z ,' ''' ^'" ^'^f'" ^''"''tms, from the abundance of that Me"""""I f I ^a'cI '''^'".^ff'<^^d^ =""1 do yet afford ., but the City was
after.
ds almoft left dei^late (divers Houfes in the fame ftanding empty/having
in it
uce two hundred Inhabitants; which made it the eafier to be taken by
^'h.n- ^.. J.> .^
tntl^ fiT""' cl^?'^''''' ^''^' '''"'" "^'- ""^^ cned from thence
";&.*''
.undred thoufand Pieces of Eight, and a Ships Lading of Hides and Sugar.
^
I'f^fl t't"' ^f/i-^^Y']' f^' Town S.co.,on the Eaftern Shore of
Ma, .....
(h d by the River Maru, which falls into the Ocean^etween two Mountains
o,^
Le fide and a flat Point on the other, and is a moft excellent Harbor :
Not far
am which grows the beft Ebony Wood.
3. He alfo built the Town St. Sahador, one of the moft healthful
Promontories s..s...^.
all GK near the River 'Bayamo, which produces round Stones, us'd there
in ftead
4. Helikewiie built TnViiM before which hardly acceffible Harbor many a
Ship ---.
xh W caft away : But this Fort was by a mighty Storm levell'd even with
the
5. Near the Haven befote the Town fuem del frincife is a Fountain out
of- ^"
hich at certain times flows liquid Pitch. ""'"' "^ ' jw>.
6. The Town call'd f.lla SaMSfirim, fix Leagues from the Ocean, boafts
^y brave Houles, and is waQi'd by the River Saa^.
7. The chiefeft City which the Spaniards poffefs in the Weft-Indies, and
the pre-
o cl t":^"r^' is C^-<>V.//i. Havana , which ftiod firft on the Jul
b fore itt aT" ''''T/'c"''' " ''' ^"''' PP'^'* ^ ^'-"^^ The Harr before K is large and fafe, for it is able to contain a thoufand
Ships, without
leaft endangering of one another, and ycc the Entrance Co narrowf
between a
^ ^ Promon-

Villa SatiHi
Spiritus.

tlivana feTtral times

Aflaulted
and taken.

'.m

J M E XI C A. Chap. XV
Promontory and a fquare Fort, that two Ships cannot Sail in together :
the (hal
lowefl: part thereof hath fix Fathom Water. On each fide the Mouth of
the Hai
bor is a Fort, the one call'd Mefa de Mariay which Hands built on a
Chanlpai
Ground ; the other called Mono, which lies at the Foot of two Hills, on
who!
tops feveral Guns arc planted, whigh Command the Town and Haven.
Betwixt thcfe two Forts is a Tower cover'd, on the top whereof is a
round Lat
tern, wherein ftands continually a Watch-man, who puts forth as many
Flags as I
difcovers Ships at Sea, to give notice thereof to the City, which is a
Mile froi
thence.
Before Havana ftands a third Caftlc, well ftor'd with Guns, as likewife
the re
are, in all to the number of two hundred and forty, and ftrongly
GarrifonM ; <
which great care was taken by the General Jean de Texeda, and ^aptijla
Antomlli, a
Archite<5l, fent thither by fh'tlip the Second, King o( Spain, to fecure
the Place froi
all foreign Aflaults, becaufe the PlateFlect, and other Ships that come
out of tl
Weji' Indies, have their place of Rendezvouz here, and from hence fet
Sail altog
ther for Spain. The City (lands along the Haven, and hath two Churches

wit
rpiry Steeples. The Houfes are now built after the Spanifj manner.
But Havana was not fo ftrongly fortifi'd in former times, for Jmio 1536.
it coul
not refift a mean French Pyrate, who lofing the reft of his Fleet was
driven hithi
by Storm, and conquering Havana, had burnt the fame, confifting at that
time <
woodden Houfes covered with Thatch, had not the Spa?iiayds redcem'd them
froi
the Fire for feven hundred "Ducats ; with which Money the French fet
Sail, wh(
the day following three Ships arriv'd from l>(enf Spain before Havana,
and havic
unladed their Goods, and preparing themfelves for Battel, purfu'd the
Pyrate
whom getting fightof, the Admiral, who Sail'd before, durft not venture
toEnga^
him alone, but ftaid for the other two Ships : from which cowardly Adtio
the French Pyrate taking Courage, fell on the Spanip Admiral, who
without firir
a Gun ran his Ship afhore, and deferted the fame : the next Ship thereby
difcoi
rag'd. Tacking about, made away from the Enemy; on which the third alfo
fo
low'd, infomuch that at laft they were all three taken by the French ;
who encoi
rag'd with this unexpeded Vidory, fteer'd their Cpurfe a fecond time to
HaVan
where they got as much more Money from the Inhabitants as before. After
th
the Spaniards built all their Houfes of Stone,and a Fort at the Mouth of
the Harbo
yet neverthelefs the City lay open on the Land fide ; of which the
Fnglijh Flee
Cruifing about in thofe Seas, being informed, Landed not far from
HaVana,2Lnd ci
ter'd the City before Day-break : the Spaniards thus fuddenly
furpriz'd,fled into tl:
Woods, whileft the Englijh plundered and ranfack'd the City without any
refiftano
But this was not the laft Blow which H^v^w^J received, for during the
Wars betwee
the Emperor Charles the Fifth, and the French KAng^ Henry the Second, a
Ship fet Sa
with ninety Soldiers from T>iep to Quha, where they made themfelves
Maftcrs (
St. J ago, and carried great Treafure away with them ; Thus enrich'd,
they fet i
the Night on Havana, but found their Expedations fruftratcd, for all the
Hou(<
were empty, the Spaniards (being fo often Plunder'd) having remov'd all
the
Goods to their Countrey Houfes, which lay fcattering about the lOand.
While
the French were fearching the Houfes, two Spaniards came under pretence

of agre<
ing with them, but their Defign was chiefly to take an Account of their
Enenii<
Forces. The French demanded fix thousand Ducats of them : to which the
tw
Spaniards replyM, That all their Goods would not raife fo much ; then
going t
their Party, informed them of the number of the Enemies, and their
Demands
whereupon Confulting, fome judg'd it beft to comply with a forc'd
"Neceffity, an

ii

Wr-

M'>

Haven
Uft,

Chap. XV. tA M E 'B^ 1 C If.

ifthey could not get any thing abated,, to pay the demanded sum: but
moft of
them were of another opmion, alledging. That the number of the French
was not
equivalent to their Demands, and that it would not be for their Credit
to yield
up their Eftatesfo tamely, without trying their Tide by the Sword : This
beins
^u^ x."j ' [''7,'"^';''^ ^ E"g^g^ 'h^"^ with a hundred and i^fty Men,
which
about Midnight fell on the French, and at the firft Onfet Hew four of
them but up
on the firing of the Gun they were all alarm'd, and after a fmall
Skirmia; put the
S^amris^o flight. The Conquerors enrag'd at this treacherous Plot of the
%iards, let hre on Otvana, in which at that time was a good quantity of
Pitch and
Tarr ; with which the Gates, \yindows,Rbofs, and Pent-houies being all
bedaub'd
over were in few hours all in a light Flame ; after which the Churches
in order

for their firing, werealfo going to be over.laid with the fame

combullible Matter .
which a S^amard boldly defir'd, that the Temples ereded for Gods
Service
might be fpard: to which he was anfwer'd, That People who keep not their
Promife, nor had any Faith, had no need of Churches to profefs th4 Faith
in
rhe FW, not fatisfi'd with burning, puU-d dow the Walls, and utterly
demo^
liln d the Fort. '
The Haven Xa^ua alfo is not inferior to any, the Mouth thereof being a
Bowe- ^i-^
Jot wide, and within, ten Leagues : The Ships are fecurely llielter'd
behind three "'
illands, and alfo the Mountains, which rife along the Shore
^TTl'.'^" Inlet M...c. is notonely eminent, by reafohof tfie round
Moun.
.n" r^A 7Z' ^^ f'' ^""^ " ^^ '^'"'' ' ''"^ =i"^fly f^ the
Expediti. Th. sf.
ms of Admiral MeterfonHein, who being fent out by the Wefl-MUCom-t^^
.any, to Crufe up and down before ffiv.. with one and thirty Sail, was
from
hence by a ftrong Current driven down to MaUnca, where he flood from the
.hore, when ten Ships came juft running amidft his Fleet, and were all
taken but
.ne : About Noon they difcover'd nine Ships more, which Sailing along
the '
hore, got into the lr.Utmtm<a, where they ran aground ; whither Hem
followng, came up to them the next Morning by Break-of.day, and after a fmall
Refi.
tance took tbem beig ^^j -j ^ ^e worth above a hundred and fiten Tun
of'
,old befides the Musk, Ambergreece, and Se^oar with which two other
Ships
vei-e laden, and another rich Prize, '
This large Ifland Cub, (as we have before obferv'd) formerly divided
into fo
nany populous Territories, is now in a manner defolatC; for according to
the
,/..W. Relation to the Admiral Knry Jacohjon Lucfer, when he was before
iJ,.
am, Ci. had upon it not above fixty thoufand Perfons in all, in Jnno
1617. But
.ho=ever Reads that which Bifl.op,.rfW.JeteG> l^h written in his
Book,
Printed firft in W/ in the Spanish Tongue, and afterwards, with the Kin.
of
tarns leave in French at Jmmrf) will eafily find the reafon, why Ci/and
any other Indun Countreyslie fo defolate ; and how fenfible the Indians

were of
e&l^r , ^'V"^''t"'''^^^^'''"-'^^PP'^^'>'<^ hisCountrey,^J;5i,. . ,
ondemn d to be burnt ahve with green Wood : whileft he was tying to a
Stake
Fr^c^fcan Monk Preach'd to him the Myfteries of the Chripan Religion, of
wj ch
ad never heard ., and likewife that he Ihouid afcend up to Heaven if Le
dy'd in
1S rV^r '' cP"^""'"y'""''^= Whereupon arW, asking the
;:;f ' ' '^,f'''; "^"^ ^7 V"W. in Heaven ? and being told there were,
an1 r 1 ""^''^' '""""^^ '''' ^'* '" "'"' ''""' '""'">&fi^>'^
Spaniards, Me
'''y '^M. that none can be more m,feraMe than where Spzn\xri are.
^ ^ ^ - Before

1; I

^,6

^ M E%1 C A.

Chap. XV.

ilii

Maj, Smith's
Lettrr concerning Cull:*

and utDer
Pats.

I^

Before we conclude the Defcripncn of Cuba, ic will be material to add

feme
Paffa-es of a Letter from Major Smith. Governor of the Me of Trov.deme,
who was
taken^here in the Year .665. which-will give light to the knowledge of
the prefentState,notonelyofCl.<.,.butoffomeother parts of Jmmca, belonging to
the
Spaniards ; which is as foUoweth : _
nUha is a very good lOand, and in it is generally the beft Land for fo
large a
^ Countrey, as I have feen in Amf4, although I have travell'd the mam
Continent in feveral places, and have crofs'd from the North Sea to the South
Sea, as
alio the North fide o( HtfyanioU, and moft parts of Jamaica. , , ^
, , . '
This eteat Ifland is eafie to be conquer'd, and would make the beft
Plantation,
befides the prejudice it would be to the Spaniard, and the great
advantage to out
Nation . for inftance. Had we the Port and City of Havana, which might
in all
probability be reduc'd with two Regiments of good Soldiers from 74,C4,
carrying with them two or three Sloops or Shallops for Landing Men, fitted
with good
Arms and other Neceffaries for an Affauk, prefenay after their Armado
hath pafs d
out of the Indies, which is once in two years, towards the latter part
of the Sunnmer,
There is good Landing on the Weft fide of the City, where it lies open ;
and you
need fear no Ambufcado's : but not on the Eafi fide on the Harbor, for
there you
will be eawl'd by the ftrong Caftle of the Moare , v .til the City be
fecur'd ; but
when that is once taken, you may eafily reduce that Caftle alfo, there
being nc
danger of their retaking it, until the next Armado arrives there, which
will ue almoft two years, againft which time you will have Planters enough from
other oi
<,ur Iflands, to Manure the Land, and affift the Soldiers in defence
thereof : Thi;

once effeaed, would utterly mine the Sfamards, for thefe Reafons : Our
Ships lying
both here and at Jama,ca, would be at all times ready to gather up their
ftraglmj
Fleet which it is difficult to keep imbodied without^ the help of that
Port ot Ho.
V...,'it being impoffible for their great unruly Ships to turn up to
Windward froir
the Bay of Mfxico, or ?uerto!Bello, without reparation ; and on the
other hde, tc
pafs the Gulf of Florida, is fof Hem as impoffible, where they always
Rendczvouz
Viaual, Water, and provide ill things neceffary for their Return into
Spam -, ahei
all which they diligently wait for a convenient Seafon of Winds and
Weather (be.
ing much obferv'd from the Changes of the Moon) when to pafs that
dangeroui
Stranht : for to fay truly, the Spaniards are neither very fit for Sea
nor Land-Service^
exceptinafome Officers and Soldiers bred in FWe for Land-Service, and a
few
Wcamer^fov Sea-Affiiits. They are fo fenfible of their Weaknefs, and
jealous ol
their Riches inthofc Parts, that it is very difficult for any ingenious
Man to get hi:
Liberty, being once taken, fearing he might givefuch Intelligence, as to
be theteb)
the caufe of their mine, witnefs their blind.folding of all Strangers,
when they paf
their Cities and Caftles ; for they much dread an old Prophecy amongft
them, V^
That -S^khm a flmrt tme the Englifli -^tUas freely li,alk the Streets 0/
Havana, as fk Spa
niards . ^0 . which indeed had been eafily perform'd with a thud part
of th,
En^m Army lent to Jamaka, and a far geater advantage to the Nation : for
I elteen
that Port and Harbor of H.n'.4 in the Weft-Ind.es, equivalent (againft
that Nation
toTMfferin the Strat^hts of Gibraltar ; and if we were atonce Maftersof
both 1
would without doubt fo ftraiten the Sfamards, as abfolutely to admit us
aire
Trade into their Ports o( Jnierica, where they impart our Commodities,
and lei
them for ten times more than they fiift coft in Spain, by reafon of the
great plcnt;
of Silver : which Trade would not oncly be of infinite advantage to us,
but all.
prevent them of their future enfiaving of our Nation in Chains as now
they do

i<JBt!'

Chap^^Xyi.
fort'

lldet
T

^'W

\ I

A-M E R I C A

' /.

537

ir-

ngtii itom iirtu iw w wii,,

aiL/vrHrv-iiixv^

svwjb jtM

from

^m^

\ II

^J^Umn

YVI

A -a AT

nr

<J

-'

S* George

5::

537

ap
IS

h
d
r
)

.g.n from Eaft to Wcft,about fifty four Leagues^or a hundred and fevcnty
MUes .

.on and
: of

Kk 3

from

I*-

l\^.

m M E% I C J.

for

^i

**<ppl

Chap. XVL . ^ AM E 'R I C Jfi

for being employ'd about their Fortifications, they are worfe iis'd, all
things coaiider'd, than if they were taken by the Turks,
I have feen other parts of th^ mpindtes, where the Spaniards might be
fleeced of
confiderable quantities of Riches, as at Tanama, where their Silver
Bars, lie pyl'd up
in Heaps in the open Streets Day and Night without Guard for five or fix
Moneths
together, waiting the arrival of the Armado J which when ^wiv'd in
Tuerto !Bello
they Tranfport it thither with fo flender a Guard, for fo great a
Treafure, as would
bean eafie Prey to a thoufand refoiv'd Men (although of
extraordinary'value for
fo fmall a Charge J ) but here is no refting, nor long remaining, they
beina fo
numerous (as in all other places of the main Land) though of great
Wealth,''and
eafily gotten with a Catch and away : But to my purpofe,
This Ifland of C^^ hath adjacent to it great Conveniences of Salt
andFifiiing.
md in it are very great plenty of Horfes, Neat, Sheep, and Hogs, both
wild and
:ame, of a far larger and better breed than any other parts of Jmerica : It hath alfo
iiany very rich Mines of Copper already open, and is the onely Place
that fup.
)lies all the Weft^lndies with Metal for the infinite number of Ordnance
they have
n all their Ports and Caftles, both in the North and South Seas, but
whether it
lath any Mines of Silver or Gold, I know not but if there were any
fuch they
vould not adventure their opening and difcovery, fearing the Invafion oV
that
fland, whereunto is fo eafie accefs by Sea, and of fo great import to
their whole
mttt^m America: for which reafon alfo they refufe to work any Mines in
Hotda, that are nigh the North Sea, (although they have there very many)
but do raker employ themfelves about others farther up in the Countrey, although
with
;reater Labor and Coft, for conveyance of the Produd by Land to Mexico.
And
iftly, (for Its full praife) this Ifland Kath many very good Ports and
Harbors of
,reat advantage to Ships, for fafe paffing the Gulf j and fiiould the
Spaniards teep
hree or four Frigats always plying between the Weftern end of C^^ and
that of
lay ana, off and on, it were impoffible for any Ships of ours that came
from Jamakd
oefcape them; the Scales turn'd would be their Cafe to alU/mc^. Neither

7ants It great Sugar-works, v^hich have Water-mills and Horfcmills, and

very
lany large Cocoa Walks, the moft and bed Tobacco : and in fhort, it
produceth
11 other Commodities, that any ofour^wmV^;^ Iflands have knowledge of.

CHAP. XVL
Jamaica,

337

''imascet.

r He Ifland of >w,<:4 lieth North from the Southern Continent q{ America

w-,=a
m the Sea call'd Mm id ^ort , and South from the Ille of Cuba about /- '
"
-VT ''^7'^'g"> and Weft from H.fpanioU twenty, in eighteen Degrees
: Northern Latitude ; and beareth from <lio de Hacha North. Weft, a
hundred and
:ty Leagues ; -from Sama Martha North North=Weft, a hundred and thirty
five .
om ^.0 Oranie North-Weft, a hundred and thirty ; from CartUgma North,
four.'
n , from <^orto Betto North-Eaft and by North, a hundred and^ninety ,
fr;m the
^ of 2).r. Nonh and by Eaft, a hundred and feventy ., from the Bay of
Mx,,
hundred and fifty. It .s of Form fomething nearly refembling oval, bein.
in
.gth from Eaft to Weft.about fifty four Leagues, or a hundred and
feventy Nlfles ,
"^ ^ 3 from

mmmm

?58

Nature of"
the Country.

ill
'ft

Temperature
oi the Air.

CommeJities
of the liland.

I '

AMERICA. Chap. XVI.

from North to South in the broadeft and middlemoft part, about three and
twenty
Leagues or feventy Miles over, and io groweth narrower and narrower
towards
eachWream ; in circumference about one hundred and fifty Leagues, or
four
hundred and fifty fiw^fi/?' Miles. r-u
This inand is well water'd with Springs and Rivers, and is all over,
efpecially
in the Weftern parts, full of high Hills and Mountains: It is alfo well
Wooded ;
for the North and South parts chiefly abound with tall and large Woods :
Nor are
there wantin<T every where Sayan^, or Paftures, which are thought to
have been
Pields of Mian Mmz, till the Sf^mards arriving here, brought in Horfes,
Cows,
Hoes, and ^/iw^o's to feed. , , ,. i i i
The Air in this Place is more temperate, and the Heat more tolerable,
tnan in

any of the reftof thee<iWol'enti,by reafon of the cool Breezes which

conftantly blow
from the Eaft, and the frequency of Showers of Rain, and refrediing Dews
which
fall in the Night. r i o. i
This is alfo the onely iHand of the 'Barhyenti, which is not fubjeft to
violent
Storms and Hurricanes ., and the Difeafes which are predominant here,
arc onely
bred by Intemperance, as Surfers, Feavers, and Agues, or occafion'd by
ill Diet or
Slothfulnefs. . ^ n r tr ui r.
The Commodities of this Ifland are very many ; and firft for Vegetables,
the
Sugars are fo good, that they now out-fell thofe of Barbado's 5 s. per
Cent.
Coco., of which there are many large Walks; and greater plenty by
improvement may eafily be produc'd. ,
Tobacco, fo good, that the Merchants give Six pence a Pound for it, and
buy ic
fafter than the Planters can make it. , ^ ^ .
Indigo is producible in great abundance, if there were Hands fufficient
employ'd about it. . ^,n 1 j c -i
The Cotton of this Place is accounted very firm and fubilantial, and
preferr d
before any that grows in the neighboring iQands. , r l r t
Of Tortoife-ftiell there is alfo good ftore, by reafon that much of that
lort ol
Tortoife is taken on this Coaft. , j j
Here are alfo great variety of Dye-woods, ^Ls^rafiletto, F/Ti><d, Redwood, a
kind of Log-wood, and feveral others, befides divers of thofe that are
accounted
the moil curious and rich forts of Woods, as Cedar, Mohogeney, Liffumyn^, Ebony,
GwMiifla, and others, which are frequently Exported.
Moreover, there are very probable teftimonies, that there are Mines of
Copper
here fince both there have been thofe who affirm to have feen the Oar

wrought
out of one of them, and the Spaniards report the Bells that hang in the
great Church
to have been Caft out of this Ifland Copper. As for Silver, the Sg/,y?.
are fa.d tc
have been fliew'd a Silver=Mine behind the Mountains, Weft of iag-^ay.
Amberereece the Spaniards report to have been often found on this Coalt.
Salt might be made here in great abundance, there being three good Saltpans
and Sak.petre hath been found in many Parts. ^ , ^ .,, , , ,,
Ginper is reported to grow better here than in moft of the DnW^Iflands ;
anc
Cod-pepper very plentifully -, and alfo a certain kind of Spice call'd
Tumte, beios
in the form of a/?-M4 Pepper, of a very aromatical and curioustafte,
partakin|
as it were of divers fpecies together : it grows wild in the Mountains,
and is ver;
highly valu'd amongft the Spajiiards,
Of Drugs and medicinal Plants there is here a very great abundance, as
Cmu
cum, Ch.na-Koo,,CaB.,.F,ftula, FcMlard, Jclnotes, Tamarmds, Contraynya,
C,pem,M
mummgrum, Jloes, C^umis Jgrejl.s, Smach, Jcacia, M.jfdto, with feveral
mh
both Drugs, Balfoms and Gums,

Chap. XVI. ^ AME%^ICA.

Cochmek isprodnc'd by a Plant that grows in this Countrey, but it is not
nlaJe
without much care and curiofity, and the S,;./,//; are not yet well
experienc'd m
the Hi.sbanding thereof, befides that the Growth of the Plant is much
obflruaed
by Ealterly Winds.
Theieis here greater Horc of Cattel than in any of the reft of the
nn<,Ufh Plan
tations in Jmertca, as Horfes, which by reafon of the great number of
them are
bought very cheap, ' '
Cow's, of a large fizc, and of which vaft numbers are yearlykill'd.
Jfenegos and Mules, both wild and tame, being a very ferviceable fort of
Cattel
in thofe Conntreys.
Sheep, large and tall, and whofe Flefh is counted exceeding good, but

the Fleece
worth little.
Goats in great abundance, being a fort of Cattel very peculiar to that
Countrey
But of all other Cattel, Hogs are here in the greateft plenty, both wild
in the
Mountams, and tame in the Plantations, and they are more in requeft for
Food
than any of the reft, their Flefh being counted both of a better
rellifh, and more ea
fily digeftible than the Hogs-flefh of our Parts.
The Fifli that is very plentifully caught in thefe Coafts is of infinite
variety and
quite of another kmd from what we have in this part of the World, the
principal
thereof is the Tortoife, which is taken in great abundance both on thefe
Coafts
md in the Iflands Qama^as, '
The tame Fowl in this Place, are chiefly Hens, Turkies, and Ducks, but
of
wild Fowl mfinite ftore, as oiGuhiee Hens, Flammgo's, Teal, Ducks,
Wigeon Geefe
Pigeons, Snipes, Plovers, Parrots, Turtles, Parachites, Machaw's, with'
divers
3thers.
Choice and excellent forts of Fruits are here in great abundance, as
Guo-Nuts
Mmnes, Mmmees, Supata,, SuppotiOias, Mocatas, Cajhuds, Prickle-Apples,
Prickle!
?ears, Sower-Sops, C/?<i-Apples, and many others.
For Timber-Trees, flatams and Pines.
And for Garden.Herbs, RadiOi, Lettice, Patfley, Cucumbers, Melons m.
The antient Inhabitants us'd two forts of Bread, the one made of ftamp'd
^oots, and the other of Corn, which is Reap'd thrice every year, and
grows v4h
uch fuccefs, that one Pmt fow n yields two hundred.
They had a ftrange way to make their G^.W Cakes of the Root >, which
ceepgoodayear: They firft prefs'd out the Juice With great Weights,
which if
Itunk raw, occafions fudden Death ; but boyl'd, is pallatable and aood.
Potato's are here in great abundance, and grow like Artichokes in a
moift Soil,
indfhoot forth Leaves of a dark-green Colour, likeSpinagC; they fpread

upoa
he Earth by Stalks, and bear a Flower like a Bell, at the end of
which^rows the
>eed: the Roots are generally White, but fometimes Red, Marble.colour'd
Yel.
ow and Violet ; they are not onelypleafing to thePallat, but accounted
very
whoUom when ftew d m a clofe cover'd Pot, with a little Water
But much daintier are the ^., which grow on a Stalk of a Foot long,
fur.
^ounded with fixteen large fharp Leaves, between which grows a Fruit
like a Pine.
Vpple, but much bigger, with an uneven Rind, of a pale Green, and
inclining to a
.arnation on a yellow Ground ; on the top (hoots out a red Bunch of
Leaves and
owers ., the mnermoft Pulp melts on the Tongue, and is of fo delicious a
tafte,
hat It exceeds all other Dainties , the Seed produces Fruit once.
Kdy againft a bad Stomach, Gravel, Poyfon, and Melancholy,
' The

Brills,'

Fiffi.

Birds*

Fruit-TfeeS
and other
Plants.

4
m

imi

1
' ('
1
*'l^^lr

A fort of
fenfirive
IManC.

Ginger

Cotton

Defcn'ptioti
of the AlU"
gator.

A M E %^I C A, Chap. XVL

The Drink made of ^^?2dj is no way inferior to Mih'^/i^ Wine.
Here you may obferve a remarkable Secret of Mature in a certain
ever.green
Plant, which grows either on the Bodies of old Trees, on the Rocks, or
in the
Woods . the Stalk whereof furrounded with Leaves, full of dark red
Spots, bears a
fweet-fmelling Violet-colour'd Flower, the Leaves whereof as foon as

touch'd,
clofe up together and die, and according as they are held in the Hand a
Oiorter or
longer time, this ftrange alteration continues. \ ;
Since the S^mtards planted Ginger on Jamaica, it hath grown there in
great abundance the Male Plant (for it is divided into Male and Female) hath
generally
biggerLeaves than the Female ; the Stalks, which are without Knots, have
more
Leaves upwards than downwards, and fpreads along the Earth, ftill take
Root
anew ; when the Leaves wither, then the Ginger is commonly ripe, but it
hath
not that poinancy whileft green as when dry'd.
The Cotton of this Ifland (of which the Clothes and Hammocks that are
made,
are vended in moft parts of the Weftcrn World) grows on a Tree of equal
heighth
with a Peach.Tree,with a ftraight Stem or Body, out of which fiioot
Boughs of an
equal length, and at equal diilance ; between the Leaves, which are
narrow and
long, grow red Flowers, and from them, oval Cods, which when ripe,
indofe the
Cotton, and a Seedlike Pepper* ^
Of hurtful Creatures here, befides the Manchonelc, and a fort of Snakes
called
Guaanas, wherein 'tis thought there is little or nothing of a poyfonous
quality ;
the mod obfervable is the Alligator, with which many Rivers and Ponds
abound j
it is a very voracious Creature, but is feldom known to prey upon a Man
j ic moves
fwiftly and ftrongly forward, but turns flow j the biggeft of them are
about twenty
Foot long, their Backs fcaly and impenetrable, fo that they are hardly
kill'd but in
the Belly or Eye -, they liave four Feet or Fins, with which they go or
fwim indifferently ; are obferv'd to make no kind of noife 5 their ufual courfe
for getting
their Prey, is to lie on their Backs as dead, then with a fudden onfet
to furprize
what-ever Fowlor Bead comes fearlefly near them ; the bell caution other
Creatures have of them is from the flrong fmell that flows from their Bodies
: to requite the harm done by them, they have fomething of vertue, for the Fat
or Oyl of
their Bodies hath been experienc'd to be an admirable Ointment for all
kinds of
Pains and Aches ; they Lay Eggs no bigger than a Turkies by the Water
fide, ftill

covering them with Sand, which heated by the Sun-beams, hatcheth the
young
ones, who naturally creep into the Water.
Muf.mi.ni In fome parts of the Countrey there are alfoa fort of flinging
Flies, call'd Muf*
M.rr}mngs. ^^^_^^_ ^^^ Uinywings , but the Engltfl) Quarters are little
infefted by them.
Hugh Lmfdot writes, That the antient Natives of this Place were a
fubtile and
fharp^witted People, skilful in Handicrafts, and expert in warlike
Affairs, above
all the Americans befides.
The Ifland was difcoVerM by the Spaniards under the Condud of Columbus,
who
firfl built there the Town of MeHilla ; which difliking, he removM again
to Onftana j
and finding that an incommodious and unhealthy Situation, he removed
again to
another Plantation, where he built a very fair Town, firftcall'd 5m//d,
afterwards
St, Jagode la %^,conrifting of about feventeen hundred Houfcs,two
Churches,two
Chappels, and an Abbey, being the chief, if not theonely Seat of the
Sj^aniards before the arrival of the EngUp), for their Eftanchas, or imall
Plantations, were committed wholly to the cuftody of their Slaves.
^iego, the Son of Chriftopher Colonm, (or, as he is vulgarly call'd,
Columhws) was
the firfl that was conftituted Governor of this Ifland, and f^nt Juan de
Sqmhello
Comman*

FirftDifco.
very of the
Ifland.

Cliap. XVI.

<!A M E'B^l C A.

lua of Sir ^(Wj Sii^fej Landed upon it &a.r ,r J^ ^^. " '^' *^"- fr/'"
tp^mW. that were then upon the PI, a' ^ ^^'^""' '''"^of.none of the
'""""=
hinking it wonTt e keepC thev fol rr' T'' ''^ ''''' '^^^^"" ' ''"^"o'
%W! after whichtT/e;;5/^^^^^^^^^
11 fuccefs in the Enterotize nl J T m ^ ! '"'"'? ' but meeting with
nd ftuiltation of ^re^ p ^t;SthTc: "/t"'/''' ''^ ' ^-'
snth of May in the Year abov. A iA uv > ? ^^' ^' ^'"'"''''' *"<^ n the
Ipon thei Approach toir 7 ' T't ^' u' "^P"*^'"" P^^^^''^ ''^^f''-" f
i^
bem to the MoTn at .at '^''^" ^''V"''''"^'"" ^''"^"^ '^^'"'' "' -d
betook .
un and GooT d VfeZr^l'^ ?"","" ^ "^'"'^ ^ '""-^ ^^eir Wo.
Wa^lftellf*^^^^^
nue, ther'eftberCl VceLv^^ ^^ ^^-- - -'
.d confiderable Suppli s hit? ^'"^"''^'^ ^ack, with promife of fpeedy
'd out with hardZ nVneJcffifv VrV """'^" ^ ^'^^ '^"""^'^^ -- -
utter defpondence of Mind"?' ^ T 1^ ""^ ""''' difcourag'd and driven
i- upply arrues, the greatcft part being to follow foon after . bu^

of

findios

^Li:^

zA M E K^ C A. Chap. XVr.
findin? the iQandcrs fo few ia number, and in fo fickly and necefficous
an Eftace,
,hev would not joyn with them, but maugre all the Governot-s Perfwafions
or
Commands, retreat to the North part of the llland, and there fortifie at

a place
call'd Chircras expeding every day ftefli Recruits ; which not coming
time enough,
and their Quarters being difcover'd, they were fet upon by the Biglnh,
and raoft
ofthem cither flain or taken. Prifoners: not many Moneths after the reft
or the
Sp.ii Forces Land, being in all about thirty Companies with Ordnance
and
good ftore of Ammunition, who falling prefently to make ftrong Fonifica.
tions at a?<o Novo, ate neverthelefs in a fliort time utterly aefeated
by the
EniVuh- Upon which, and feveral other ill Succeffes, defpaiiing to regain the
Ifland they Ship off their Women and the richeft of their Goods ; and
the fi^gro
Slaves'erown Mafterlefs, by the general either flaughter or departure of
their Patrons fliake off their Obedience to the S^ankrh, and conftitutea
Governor of thejr
own 'a 'Black, yet fubmit themfelves, and own Subjeftion to the Enghsh
Govern,
ment, the Si..HiW. from C*<:, both by their Perfwafions and monethly
Contri.
butions, in vain endeavoringto reduce them , onely fome few there were
that flood
out. whom the reft not onely made ittheii bufinefs to difcover, but help
d the^.
foi to take them, infomuch that at laft the Si>4ufc General not having
above fifty
Men left him, was forc'd to feek for Peace, and offer'd Terms of
Accommodation ;
which the English General would not be drawn to accept of, unlefs upon
Condi,
tion that he fhould deliver up to Jufticeasmany as were leftof thofe
that had
barbaroufly murder'd any of out Men, either in time of Treaty, or after
Qaa.rtei
^"The Engllfh in this Ifland are fetled for above a hundred Miles alorig
the Coun.
trey from the Eaflwatd. ~' mi
Their chief Towns are ,. St. 7<^o, (built by the Si>.,W. as afore
mennon d)
which lieth fix Miles within the Land , North-Weft from the Harbor of
C.^M
Here the M?/(it have built a fmall Fort. ., r ^ i c
r. (Paffaxe, a fmall Town, built alfo by the %fofc fix Miles from St. ]
ago fo,
the convenience of going to C.^H'.,. confifting of about fifty Houfes
and a Fort,
whence crofs this Harbor , about three Leagues diftant is the Town of ;.
Cagu,^y
feated on the Extream end of the Point,containing in it above fix

hundred Houfes
all built by the English, befides the Governor's Palace , and the Houfes
where th<
Stores for the Army ate kept. .. , ^ , i t c i
; This is counted the moft healthful Place in all the Ifland, and the
vet y Scale o
Trade, where all Merchants, Strangers, and Sailors refide. ^
. Here, upon the utmoft Angle of the Point towards the Sea, is a round
Tower
'built of Lime and Stone ; about which is rais'd a ftrong and regular
Fort, contain
ing fixty pieces of Ordnance. . ^
This Town is now call'd fort %., and is thought to contain about
fixtee,
thoufand Inhabitants. S , . , r .t u,A Mile from hence is another Fort, call'd Landward, which runs from the
Har
bor to the Sea, to defend the Town from any Attempt by Land.
Off the Mouth of the Harbor towards the Sea, lie divers fmall IQands,
the nio:
Weftern of which being within half a League of the Fort, and Ween wh.c
and the Fort every Ship that comes into the Harbor is neceffitated to
pafs : It
u,.u v.^. call'd Link IJland ; where a Fort is likewife-rais'd, to
defend the Mouth of the Ha
bor. containing eight pieces of Ordnance.
Another Fortification isat (Portmor4r, which we fliaU make mention of
among
the Harbors. rj^

Chief Towns.

Pott Koyal.

titni^ari.

Chap, XVI. " <tA M E %_^1 C A.

T T'^^^'j'^fH-borsofchisIfland, arc u fort Jnchony, on the North, a very

fafe c-Po.
Land.lock d Harbor one y the coming in is fomewhat difficult, the
Channel beina '"'""'"'narrow d by a little IflandthatliesofFthe Mouth of the Port
z . On the Eaft of the Ifland is Tonmorant, a very capacious' Harbor,
where Ships
do conveniently Wood and Water, and Ride fafc from all Winds,
3 . On the South is Ton Ca^-^ay, a Harbor wonderfully convenient, fecure
and
capacious, being five Leagues over in fome places, in others four, and
at the nar.
Tff' t '' Z '' 7u ,f\^l ' ^'"' ^^^"'^ '^'' '"^ ''^'Ive Miles SouthWeft from the Main of the Ifland, having the great River that comes by
Lo, mZ
and 5. J.., runnmg into it, and divers Springs about it, where Ships do
conveni!
ently Wood and Water Here is every where good Anchorage, the Road being
fo
deep, that a Ship of a thoufand Tun may lay his fides to the Shore of
the Point and
load and unload with Planks afloat, o'nc,ana
4. On the Weft is Toint Merrill, a Port very convenient and fecure . to
Windward from which, a little North-Weft, is the Seat of the old Town' of
Mell.Ua
toLinded by Columhm, as afore mentioh'd. '
The chief Plantations of this Ifland, are i. <Ponmor,m, above the Harbor
before tnention d, and by the two Rivers that run into it. Here are good
Plantati
ons of Sugars, Cottons, Tobacco's, &c. ^ f lantati.
2. Hence about ten Miles lieth Morant, where a thoufand Acres of Land
have
been taken up for my Lord mUou^hly, and a Company of Merchants
3- Hence farther Leeward lieth YalloT,, having good Plantations of
Cotton To-'
bacco, and other Provifions, excellent SaVam's, and fome ftore of tame
CatteL '
4. Thirty Miles hence, on the North fide ofCa^^ay is L.^once, where are
excellent Plantations of Sugar, Cotton, and Tobacco, very pleafant Sayana's,
and fome
[tore of Wild Catcel. > -iuu luaic
y. Twenty Miles farther Weft, nines Miles from the Harbor of Ca^my is
Los
^g.K having fome Plantations of Sug.r, Gcao, and Tobacco, all whkh were
old

Spanish Plantations, and are lefs confiderable than thofe made by the
BM.sh in
3Cner places. ' <^
<5. Eight Miles from hence, North.Weft, is G..J<,., where likewife
were fome
ij.t Plantations, fince improved by the English, who have very many
excelled!
?iantations of Sugar, Cacao, Sec. ' ^ excellent
7 Hence Weft South-WeftliethG.f.to<,., a moft pleafant rich and fertile
part
>f he Countrey, abounding with Cattel, and excellent SaVanaS. Here the
Neio's
;; ons o" ?ot d I 'T"'" "I'" "' ^-^^^y^^^nn, to make fome An.
ations of Tobacco and Provifions, and with them are fetled fome few En.U
who have divers Walks of Gc4o. ^"^'"o.
The feveral Governors of this Ifland fince the taking of it by the EnM,
are as -^ r.,
e trtfk- ^7"^l^^-^-ft-dupo the Place about'threeMonethsaf-rSt
er the taking of it and at his coming away for g/Whe left the chief
Command
"r w i h ?"" ^r' '"'f"'' ""^^ "^'-^ ^^""- ^'"'- 'J'-^ Moneths af.r which Lieutenant General Ed.ard Doyly was by the Army elefted
Prefident ! but '
-a over Governor ,n his room, who living in the Government about three
quar
ofa^TJkr ""r"'T"'''^"^Sainto2).y,, for he was chofen by\eT
velcfeed an^r M ;^ """ r
LTeftvT^L "! .^ ?T'"'^" '" ^^^^^ SeatiUHis
e Government, and fo was the firft that was Governor there for His
Majefty :
The

'I'P^.

34-4-

A M E R I C J. Chap. XVII.
The next that fucceeded was the Lord mndfor, upon whofe coming away Sir
TI,o.

,^Uudd.fordv,i^tcn, Governor, and after him Sir Thorns Lmch, who

remains
Governor at prefent.

j*i.

Situation and
Defcnption
oiihcLncaies

CHAP. XVII.
The iflands call'd the Lucaies.
"Aving done with the four Iflands of BarloWito, as they are term'd,
fi:^. BifMnioU, Cuba, fom <mco,zndi Jamaica, we come next to the Lucaies, fo
call'd,
as fome think, from Lucaioneque, one of the biggeft of them ; they he
over
aaainfl: Florida, Weftward from the 'Bermudas, South-Weft and North of
HiS^amola,
and the reft of the Sarhventi ; and becaufe they are but fmall ones, and
he fo neat
the Continent, Geographers fometimes defcribe them as a part,
orappertaming to
the Continent. The chiefeft of thefe Iflands are Lc0He^eaforemention'd,S4WM,
and Guamhani ' Lucaioneque is accounted the biggeft of them all, and
lieth in twenty
feven Dec^tees between Bahama and Guanahani. Bahama lies nearefl to the
Coaft of
Florida, and gives Name to the Straights Co callM, which run between the
Cafe of
Florida and it, with fuch a violent Courfe and Torrent, that although it
be above
fixteen Miles broad, yet many times neither Wind nor Oars, can prevail
agamft it .
that though the Winds be profperous, Ships cannot enter it ; and if it
be crofs, they
so with the Current ; yet thofe Straights the Spauif, Fleet muft pafs in
their Return
from the Havana towards Sfain. Guanahani was the firft piece of Jmertcan
Ground
difcover'd by Chriftofher Columbus, and therefore by him call'd San
Salvador, oti>t.i,avhur, becaufe that thereby he was deliver'^ from the mutinous rage of
the Sea-

men who threatned to throw him over-board, if they difcover'd not Land m
luch
atim'e. There are befides a number of fmall Ifles fcatter'd up and down,
which are
generally comprehended in the number of the Li; one is Little
Ijland , encompafs'd with a company of Shelves call'd the Bmini, fo that it is hardly
acceffible :
fhere goes a Tradition, that it hath been inhabited by very beautiful
Women, the
fame of whom drew many to attempt to Land there and take up their
Habitation ,
in which Attempt many were caft away : There is faid to be a Fountain in
the
midft ofit, of fuch a Vertue, that whofoever drank of the Waters of it,
had their
Youth renew'd. Alfo three Iflands, or rather Rocks, call'd Los Uartyres
lying to
rheSouth-EaftofCi-ef/onA and cover'd for the moft part with a
wh.tiftSand
and a few Buflies growing on them : they feem at a diftance to bear a
refemblance
of Men> impalM, or bound to Stakes, as the Martyrs in the primitive
Times ulu.
ally were, which occafioa'd the Sfamards fo to Name them ; 'tis very
dangerous to
come too near them, but to have fight of them is of great ufe to Men at
Sea for by
pafling thefe Rocks, and leaving them on the South-Eaft, they certainly
know, that
they are now entred the Strmghts oi Bahama, that is, that they have left
the Ocean
and are fall'n in amongft thofe many Iflands, which do, as it were
Barracado and
Block up the Eaftern Coafts of Jmcrtca, towards n,9r<^bre ie Vios and
Terra F.rma, as
they call it, through which the Continent is fometimes dangevous.by
reafonot contrarv Winds and always fuch, that it requires the skill and care of an
exper.enc d
Pilot to condud the Ships well thither. The reft are Jbacoa, twelve
Leagv^s long -.
ta.,twency Leagues in length, and eight in breadth, between twenty
four^^anc

Chap. XVill. .AMERICA ,. y

twenty five Degrees ; r..M fifteen Leagues in length, between twenty
three and
twenty four Degrees ; 7../even Leagues every way , r.^.^., ten
Leagues likew.fe, and ly.ng between twenty two and twenty three Degrees ; M..~,
twenty
Leagues long, and ten broad , Qua^ua, ten Leagues every way, and lying
between

twenty and one and twenty Degrees ; Qayco^, five Leagues in length and
in the
.ne and twentieth Degree , Mn, in the twentieth Degree, encor.'pafs'd
with
shelves; ^im, environ d alio with Shelves, and fifteen Leagues long f
alfo Cm.
ao,Ciiateo,Cuamma,Jal>aka,Triangulo,indfcvetz\otheis.
_ On thefe Iflands are no Inhabitants ; thole that d.d live there were a
harmlefs th.w
imple People, and therefore the eafier taken and carried away by the
Spaniards ^h.t '-"^
uye made them fo defolate : Many of them fcem of a good Mold, and the
Lati "'"'"
ude promifeth much fertility The Air is certainly good and wholfom, and
not
o extream hot as other Parts of that heighth. There is fcarce any Beaft
on them,
ave a Coney that hath a Tail like a Rat, but Pigeons and other Birds in
area
lumbers. o '-**'
There is the Gum Enjoin, of the beft and word fort ; Cuaiacum,
Saf.^ariUa, and
i<//<j/w ; and on fome of them Red-wood and Ambergreece.
Our Enghjh Sea-men are little acquainted with thefe Iflands, though thev
Sail
ound chem yearly, ^ 7 v^*ii
In the time of the Rebellion one Captain Sail and others, obtained a
Patent, ma- -.'^ r.,
mg h.ther on the Coaft of an Ifland, which was call'd Illutheria , his
Ship was &"'"""
rrackt, but the People recover'd the Shore with a few NecelTaries
TheCoaftsofmoftofthemaredangerous.andbadtomake, and that Ship that
.all be near or amongft them muft keep the Lead always going, but with a
mry
ilot, and care m g.v.ngthe Iflands a fair Birth, they are eafily
fecover-d
The S^.,W. know this Place well, and have a yearly Trade thither for
the
forefaid Commodu,es,and amongft the Iflands are Wracks of divers of
their Ships.
CHAP. XVIII.
The Caribby Mands.
rHe Caribhu IJlanis as they are generally call'd, are a Row or Ridge, as
it , . .
were, of lefl-er Iflands, which extend themfelves almoft in faft.on of a
!="I, T n'j tr '^' ^^^ ^ ^"'"^ ^' f" ^' ^'- P'" ^^ 'P^' ^'^ they are
'">'

!!7/ ' J ^"'"'^r' '""'"''"" ^' Camenanes. and by fome ThVl/lands of

Ztt \rT7 ^^"S'' ''" Appellation cannot in reality be more appro^
uted to thefe Iflands than to many other, either Iflands, or Pares of
the Conti.
n oiytmjnca , ) laftly, whereas all the Iflands between Vkrli. and M,.
Smn and
tt'V:!rr' T.^T --P^hendedaH undertheName of T/.lk, ^
t the GnWm and the ^r,/fe are moft generally, and, we conceive, moft
pro
rlyaccountedthefame, and they are fo call'd, either as lying like a Bar
before
entv eirh n ^'"^"'^"t"'""""^^ Degrees of Northern Latitude, and arc
we S tlk b^before we cometo treat of each of them in particu.
:h:;?inl, gen^ur '^ ' ''"*"^ ' '"^^^^ '"^-^^ ^'^^^ -^ --^^ The

' I

Nature of
the Soil.

AMERICA. Chap. XVIII.

The Air of all thcfe Iflands is of a good temperature and healthy, and
the Heat
--- not fo ex effivc in them at any time of the year, as nnight be
conjeaur-d from the.r
tuation under the Torr.i Zole, by reafon of a gentle Eaft Wmd, wh>ch
r.fing m the
Morn g, continues moft commonly till towards the Evemng, allaymg the
fcorchlheatoftheSun,andrefreftintheAir; but the Nights are cornmonly very
id and it is obfervable, that by how much the hotter any Day hath been,
fo
m ch the colder the l^ight following happens to be ., whereof th.s
reafon .s g.ven
?rat the Vapors rais'd in the Day.t.me by the Sun and falhng down
condens d at
Nieht do very much cool the Air ; but it is never fo cold as to Freeze.
t r'half a year together Day and Night are equal in thefe Parts, and the
reft of
the Year the Day fourteen hours long, and the Night ten.

pyom lu ^olecemler there commonly fall here great Rains and all that
Seafon
is ac o^nffd Winter, and the Drought and Heat of the other Moneths .
taken for
Summ ; but the Woods of thefe Parts looking ever green, make as k were
con"Tie'srisgenerally as fertile as in moft places of E.,., and each
Iftand fu.
nil? wit aif Rivers^Brooks, Lakes, Springs, Wells, and other Sources o
freft
Water befides in many places Mineral Waters, v-bich are us'dwnh good
fuccefs
^ :'cu. of feveral JfJafes , alfo one of fome Mountains ^ore o^f
Brtmftone
is diae'd and it is conjeftur-d that there are not wantmg Mines of Gold
and Silver.
If ify were well look'd after ., and there hath been often found Cry
ftal upon th<
. ... '""ie Vrnerthougrwild,and naturally growing in the Woods, yet
yieldsa ver,
rb Urge fair G^pe , and thofe which are cultivated in their Gardens or
Vmeyard
" bear excellent Grapes twice a year, but very little Wine is made of
them, in regarc
nt:iit;o^ir;TirjTofar*^
iudS to ie becaufe through the ranknefs of the Soil,and for want of
Winter th.
La n Springs up faft, and U not fubftance enough left in the Roo. .
upply .
up to maturity ; but no doubt but Barley, Rye, and thofe other Grains,
to the ripe
nins of which more Heat is requir'd, would thrive there very well.
""Sdes Lemmon-Trees.Ora\ge-Trees, Citrons, and Pomegranates, and one
Fruit.Trees erowing in Europe, there ate very many forts of Trees, Herbs
Pulle
fid other pfants, of a different kind from thofe amongft us, and
peculiar for th
moft part to thefe Iflands^ - w^^^-U
Of Fruit-Trees, the moftobfervable are the Coymer, fomcwhat refembl.ng
th
Laurel onely having a fofter Leaf, and of a brighter Green ., us Fruit
about ch
bianefs of a Pearmain, but fuUof little Kernels like a Pomegranate.
Thcfapayer, which isof two kinds, one generally growing in all the
mands, th

oth rproLr o Sanu Cru. ; the firft hatha Leaf not much unlike that of
the F^
Tree and'the other bears a'pruit about the bignefs of a Melon which by
the ^
lU is call'd Man.ao, from its refemblance of a Romans Breaft ^^^
^r" .shol
lot Ind fpungy within, and grows up fometimes to t e ^^g^ ^ of yJo "
The mL/.: call'd by the iHanders C.r/ot, from the Name <>[=^\^^^fj2
whence the Seeds were firft brought by the l^utch, and bearing a Fruit
like a fma
Cucumber not perfealy ripe. it t rp .rn...c In
The >ip., or ]e,.pa, by the Tortu^ucf. call'd >Mo ; and by the
^f'^'f'
paba. havii; Leaves like thofe of the Walnut.Tree, Flowers like the
2n[..c#
ill ; F,u,t like a bak-d Apple, which when it falls from the Tree ma es
a n
like the Report of a Gun difcharg'd, which is laid to proceed from the
bu.ft.

Wheat not
apt to grew
there.

Fruit- Trees-

Chap. XVIII. , <tA M E %^I C A.

fonh of the Seed out of the thin Slon enclofing it, and breaking with a
violence ^^^^
the Ju.ce of K Dyes of a V<olet-colour, and the Swine and Birds that
feed u on t'
are laid to have their Flefli^nd Fat of the fame colour ^ '
A fort of Vine commonly call'd The ^a^fn-tne, and by the Unhbeeans OuUem
fmall Gram-ftones wh.ch are mclos'd in the Husks of common Grapes one
hard
Stone, like that of a Plumb. ^ ' ^"= "ara
The A.; bearing for Fruit a kind of Chefnut/ in form of a Hares Kidney
wh.ch ferves for a Creft to a very fair Apple that by degrees grows
under it of
ettf tlt:'"^""^'^ ' ''""'^ ^"^ --' - ''- --Bft chem, being :f a^'
The/pa kind of fmailPlumb-Tree, fo much coveted, and held for a Deli.
_ The Mi^<, which Fruit being a kind of yellowifli Plumb, is chiefly

mad- ufe
of to mu m the Drinks of 0i and Maly, to make them tafte the better
The G.W^ is by fome reckon'd to be but a fpecies of the MonUn, onely
more ^
uU of Leaves, and growing higher and bigger ., but the Fruit of the
Muryn c2
ficiently different from that of the Monbain. ^ ^
The WFig-Tree differing in Leaf from the common Fig-Tree but whofe
FruK both rn figure and taile is not much unlike the Fig growing in t'h
^e Pa ts
rhis Tree rs comr^only of fuch a vaft Bulk, that the Branches of fLe of
th m h v^
)een feen to afford flbeher to two hundred Men. lomeot them iiave
A kind of Service-Tree, differing from ours, by its exceeding hei.hth
fair
-eaves, and pleafant Fruit. '"^'o"'". "ir
The Prickly or Thorny Palm, fo call'd from its beintr armM ,11 l
'rickles. both Trunk and Leaves , by incifion into its B; hes"! or
of^Wil' i
nade and it as con;eaur'd to be the fame Tree which the ^.afl.ans call "
? t t '^I' an exceeding high and ftreight Tree, belring on the too
of
.sTrunka whitilh marrowy fubftance, by the French cM'd cLie ilnrl
MhU^e for being boyl'd with the thin Leaves that incircle it and wel fea
.n d, K IS leckon'd amongft the Delicacies of the Cmhhm
Utan.r another kind of P./.. and Cuo., which is alfo reckon'd amongft
,^.,^,. '
era! iorts of Palms . this IaH- t-s a FrmV t-^o r n ^ligti luc leeen at large defcrib'delflwhe;! all over ^..W.. and hach
There are alfo many other Trees fit for Dying Tovners Wnrl , J n u)efides the Jcajou before mention'd of the f.nX T -""f"', '*^^^> ='"''
B'Wing,
. cu 11 ri. ,^ '""^""g'^ Trunks whereof arc made thol>
-ng Shallops call'dPj^, which are able tocarry fifty Men) as
The ^ro.,*, of the fame bulk and heighth with the Au,on, and equally
efteem'd
^rir roth?;?r ^' ^"' ' '-' '-' -^--^ '^^v^od^ur^Lt :; i
e^?ly^;trmei;." '' ""^''^^'-"S ''- ^'^'^f^ f chofe Trees that are
made
i;t: vTr;teVc::7 '''''""' ^"' -'^'-^ ^^^ "-'-^^ ^-^ ^^ ^-ria.,
_^^^ ipoken of, and beyond either Cyprefs or Cedar for mcorrupti^
Mo-..mo,^ denominated from its Colour, and much efteem'd for its
ufefulnefs

L j 2
in

lir*

H8

<tA M E "Kl C A. Chap. XVII!.

in Dying green Ebony, eafily takingthe luftreofche true Ebony, and being
very
ufeful fo^'r the making of Cabinets and other curious Pieces of Work j
It alfo Dyes
of a very fair Grafs-green.
The ^oco;i, hy iht^rafilUns cAVAUrnex, in the Husks, fucceeding the
Flowers
whereof, which grow in little BuQics at the end of the Branches, is
enclosed a moil
rich Vermilion Dye, of a very foft and vifcbus Matter.
Here are alfo many other Trees, either ufeful in Medicine, or other ways
advantageous, as the G/z^.Tree, of the bignefs and figure of a
Peach.Tree ; the long
Pipes or Cods whereof, containingthe Medicinal Fruit, are well known
amongft
us by the Name of Ca/^ia-Ftftula, and to be had at every Apothecaries.
Medicinal Nuts,cach Nut containing three or four Stones in fo many
Cells,every
one of which is inclosed within a thin white Pellicle, pleafant enough
to the tafte,
and out of which is extraded an Oyl, us'd by the fortuguefe in feveral
both Cu.linarie and Phyfical occafions.
The Cinamon-Tree,ro noted for its aromatick Bark j alfo Sandal-Wood,
Cuaiacum,zndSajfafras.
Cotton-Tree and Soap-Tree, whofe Ufes the very Name? imply, and which
Trees have been touch'd upon elfewhere.

The arch'd Indian Fig-Tree, the Bodies of which Trees have been
antiently the
fculking Holes and Retreats of the Inhabitants from their Enemies j the
Bark is
ufeful for Tanners.
The 6or^-Trce, of the bignefs and hcighthof a great Applc.Tree,and of
which
aremademoftoftheHoaflioldVefrels andUtenfils, which are in common ufe at
prefent amongft the Inhabitants.
The Mahot'Ttec, of the Bark of which are made Laces and Points.
rhtUanyoc, or Mandto^ue, of whofe Root the CaJfaVaBtc^d is made, and
which
arowingin fevcral places of ^mwc^, hath been already takcnnotice of j as
likewife
The ^Banma^^Trcc, and that caWdTl^e A^ple-TreeofTaradic^, othcrwife
Adams Bg-^Tm,
the Fruit being reported to be of a very delicious tafte.
Other Trees not known in Europe, are the Ua^ofu, divers kinds of Thorny
Wood,
the Milky Tree, being of a venomous quality, the Kiai/ier, and that
whofe Root
beaten to Powder, and thrown into Rivers, intoxicates the Fifh, with
fevcral
othersof lefs note.
Innumerable forts of Shrubs might here in like manner be reckoned up,
but the
chiefeft are, That remarkable Plant, anciently known by the Name o^
%tcmm, and
commended for its Vertues hy ^Galen and Diofcorides,
Coral-Wood, fo called from its little Seeds, which being as red as any
Coral,arc
usM for Bracelets.
The Jafmin, bearing a Flower of an admirable fweet fccnt.
Tht Candle ^Wood, fo call'd from its combuftiblenefs, by reafon of an
aromatick
Gum which is within.
The Herbs, Flowers, Roots, and Pulfe which grow here, are fome of them
com
mon in all parts of Europe, as Cabbages, Onions, Chibols, Melons, all
forts o
Millets, Cucumbers, Cicruls, Parfnips, e:i?c.
Others, if not peculiar to this iHand, yet growing chiefly there, and in

fonn
few parts of America befides, as the (^a^uettes, fo call'd from the
refemblance it
Leaves have with a Racket, a thorny-fpreading BuOi, whofe Fruit being of
a Ver
milion colour, makes the Urine of thofe that eat of it as red as Blood.
Some likei
this Plant to the Tunas, already defcrib'd, which yields that rich
Scarlet Dye call'
Cochincle, _,
Tl

Chap. XVI II. ' AM ERIC J

The Lkms, creeping upon the Earth, and fpreadins ud and down ll, t,
and bearing brown Husks of a Fooclong, whe'rein are'enis'd a F^u ,
fjl^T'
Ckftmts, o{v,hich are made Boxes to keep Snuft, Tobacco or the like
It. M!^ fj""^''^'^"'"' :^^^'^ -^""^ 'lifting "Pon Rocks.Vrunks of old
Trees
like Miffcltoe, and fometimes on the Ground. ' "la l rees,
f ^ll tY'l^^ ^^'.'"' "'^''' ^y '^' '"habitants Ha.fi.d, or The LiV.n,
Herb
of wh.ch k,nd of Plant fomething hath been already touch'd upon, and
whil be'
.ng tranfplanted . kept in feveral Gardens of the cL.yJ as a RLt;. ''"
Jtr^"^' "''^ ""^^ ^' '^'^'''' ^"^ ^^'^-''' - P-'-i i^elps Women
The ./,y?.r whofe Leafapply'd, mollifies and cools inflammations of
Wounds '
The Dart-Herb, whofe Root bruis'd and apply'd, draws awav ?L V c
empoyfon'd Darts befides W.,...., a fon'ofllo^s W a, k7ndf J^rirn'
hair, and other medicinal Herbs. Maiden^1^^:::^-^'""'^'-'' S--^"S^"^--al other parts of ..,., and
,3"; i' 'J''7 '"" "^^"''^ '" '""= f 'h^'"^ Ifl^nd^, differing from
ours and
ca d TU Teafe ofjn^ola, as firft brought from thence. Yikewiff aT^t of
Beans
call d J/. S.en,ears S.., by reafon the fame Stalk bears feven yea^
oneat;
The Herb cair'dTJ.2W.^.H..i, from the dusky colour of its Flower .n^ ;,
fweet fcent of the Seed, grows alfo in thefe Parts very frequent ' '^'
Nale'o?rr ''' -^^-^^Pf ". '^ ''e f-e with that before defcrrb^d under
the ^

41'f:me'l;:L"t:urarr''r.'r"'' ^ ^.^^^P-'^-''^ i- ^Hefe C.....

hat we fhai havH cafion to f^ 1'^' ''T'\ ^T '^'''^' ^""^ "^ -"^f*" ^ '
ofpeakofeachIflan7i^;VrSa^ "'^^^^^
ther Parts of thel^.; rS t^''' ", "'. '"? ^'^ "^^ '^^"^ " '^'"^
known in
-y havealfo occafiTntttrLtratt ' "t" ""'".'' '^"'^ "^^'^''^'^ ^^
berefore onely name the otherl J^t '" '^' ?""'"'" '^"'^'' ^ "'^ll
s partly havinXen here of '^ "" ^" Birds.Reptiles, Infers, or Fifi.es.
TheBirdrare thel/rT ""f "l' '"'^ ?"''!' ' be defcrib'd hereafter
,.. , , _,r^,Umdes, 'Pa^rots^Tarroc^unos, TremMo'., Sfarrom of Ammc,
Ea.les
LI 3 ' "

Reptile;

Infefts.

Fifties,

Dcfcription
ef the SeaUnicorn,

zl M E %I C J. ' Chap. XVIII.

^' of Orincca, Uanftenp, CMrys, befides what are common a^ongft us as
H.o,., Coots,
The Repdles are, Jnotis, Zo^uets, and U^H^ts (of wh.ch farther mennon
w,U
occur in the Ifle of St. Qmjlofhr) G/ok.mock.,nam'd by the
anW.e.,,Oulleouma,
Sclrf,on., and feveral forts 'oiW^ds, call'd by the CaM.ans,
Quan^ayaca ., by the
S/;/m., Senembi ; and by other IniUm, Jaquanas.
The Infeas are, befides thefe common with us, as Ch^,.^orms,<h.lmcr^mnns, Sf.,ders Sees Sec. the Cucuyos, mention'd in H^f.i/, and the Eym^ Tyger.

ill^^.. are, Se.ianots, the 3)o,.<i., by fome call'd ^/^ -... by

others,
Ty,e Mber-njh , the Som^., the Needle-fijh, the p.^o, or S^-^-#, '^e
K-/oV.n, the
fid s W.k., and a certan Fifh call'd, for its hideous (hape, TheSeM and
laftly ,
th.SeaMn,corn, with a particular Defcription of which we fliall
conclude, as having it from Monfieur du Uontel, who was an Eye.witnefs thereof.
" This Unicorn (faith he) was purfuing a C.r.^e, or fome other leffer
F.fli, w.th
"fachearneftnefs and impetuofity, that not confidering that it needed a
greater
.' depth of Water than the other, it ftuck with half the Body dry on;
Sand=bank,
whence it could not recover the deeper Waters ere it was deftroy d by
the Inha.
" bitants : It was about eighteen Foot in length, being at the largeft
part o .ts
" Body about the bignefs of a Barrel : It had fix great Fms hke the
endsof Galley.
< OarJ, whereof two were plac'd near the Gills, and the other four on
the fides of
" the Belly at equal d>ftances ; they were of a Vermihon red colour :
All the up'per part of Jhe Body was cover'd with great Scales, about the b.gnefs
of a
Crown-Piece, which were of a blue colour, intermix'd with feveral
Spangles of
Silver . near the Neck the Scales were clofer, and of a dark colour
feemmg a
" it were' a Collar ., the Scales under the Belly were yellow, the Ta.l
forked, the
- Head fomewhat bigger than that of a Horfe, and near the fame figure :
It was
" " ver'd w th a harf and dark-colour'd Skin , and as the L^nd-Unuorn
hath one
"HorninhisFore.head, fo this Sea.M.W had a very fair one rffumg out of
th
"L.part ofhisHead about nine Foot and a half in length , '' -- - J-f
.s coSd be, and from the place whence it came out it grew fmaller and
fmaller
" o he very Point, which was fo fharp, that being thruft hard, .t would
enter m to Wood or Stone, or fome more folid Subftancc , it was at the place
where.
came out of the Head, about fixteen Inches about, and from thence to
two hud^
"of the length it was like a Screw, or, to fay better, made wavmghk a
wreath d
" Pillar favethat the Channels grew fmaller and fmaller, tiUthey gently
ended m
a Point, which was two Inchefbeyond the fourth Foot : Alljl^^

Trfo^ft H ir
over it^n Alh-colour'd Skin, which was allover cover'd w.th ^ [-^
"j^f " ' ;
" Ihort asPlufh, and of the colour of a wither'd Leaf, but under that K
was as
"whTas Ivory. As to the other part, which feem'd naked, it was "Rurally
po" HOi'd, of a fhining Black, mark'd with certain fmall white and Y^^low
Stroke,
" nd o fuch folidity, that a (harp File could hardly get a H"le ^ma 1
Powde fr n^
" it : It had no Ears ftanding up, but two fpacous G.Us as the other
F.flies , th
Eyes were about the bignelf of . Hens Egg , the Ball, which was of a S
y -c u
Enamell'd with Yellow, was encoaipafs'd with a certain Vermd.on, which
had
"bevond it another as clear as Cryftal : The Mouth was wide enough and
fu nifh-d with feveral Teeth, whereof thofe before v.ere extream y (harp
nd tho
"towards the Throat in both Jaws were broad and a little k"obbed h
" Tongue was of a length and thickncfs proportionable, and cover d with
a rou ^
Skin of a Vermilion colour. What was further remarkable, is, that this
i- u.^ . ^- - " hac

<c

(C

<c

NT

Chap. XVIir. <iyf M EX_I C A.

"had upon the Head a kind of Crown rifinsr ahov^ fl,. cl l , ' ^'
"and made oval- w.re, the Ext.e.Kie wheL e d . rpf?' T '"''"' '
"hundredPerfonsofcharlflanddideatofcheMacof TdH , ""^rn '^'"l
" thought it extteamly delicate ., It was interlaid: wS t rdtTn^ b ^i'
d"

^'.he?ai^r;:art.S:Tra;rh"L:;r;::r^^ r^'-' ^--^-^^

.r m.vk I,-. H L- 1 . prodigious Attempts to thruft them
?. -^r".' 7>- f '^^ '"'"'"^ ^""^ ^" inexpreffible dexterity and ni,.b
enef?
' ml ''''' r '""''' """ ""'^ J'"" - ^-o"Id have born Z up '
/ would have been too hard for them all When rU. v . -i ^'
' was found that heliv'd by Prey . foTthere Zr '!'? ^" "''V'"^ '^^"
"^^ '^
' kinds of Fifli. ""^y ^ '^y > *' therewere within him the Scales of
feveral
" h Zrt irMonrf r V^ "1^ "^ "'" '^ y"" " ^'- Guard-houfe of
i;.. i, fa Gentleman of X,o^., who had given him a Vifit) wuh the
had hat tTrec "' f "' """^ "' "" ^''^ '^^^ ^"^'P ^'^^ ^'- Gentleman
who
had that precious Rarity put up in a ona Cheft our Shin w r.a
;; Che inand of T,M, one of the V-, an'd all the' G^ds 1^1 ft VuTZthT:
fo much regretted asthelofs of that Chefl. t^uc notumg
Wi w'^'wlTch lift D?,^^^^ ?'"''""' ''" ^' ^"'^^^''''- /"- y^n^'^'
-'J C- - -Ifle. but alfo on the Main Continent of the N^^aL Z f j^f T"" ^
before the S><in<Wf coming thither. '" /iwienra, long
Concerning the original ofthefe People, there are fever.I nni c ,r
who make them to be Extraded from rl,. 7 x. , P'"'"^ i ^^r thofe Th.ir
o,,^.
they abftain from Sw n^sS Th'll th{ Tale ^h" "7^^" '"^ft X^ but that
""'
great Iflands, i.^.,W. J.I; cl^ ^ '?.: ^^^Tot^Sl'^' f"" \'
S,a,nar,s Cruelty difpute againft a kiiown Truth^ L Chrknor t"h Te t
..whoefcap'dthe S^.^ slaughter, have not\he leaft refeXa; e' ^ t
Language or Cuftoms with the Cannibals J naymore thev.r. ic
:hem. befidesrhw rl,^<-.L 1 i ^^ ""^re, they are mortal Enemies to
.ncm belides that the Cannibals at that time when Columbus firft arriv'd
nafTeC.'A
:hofe Places whch they now inhabit TU^ n u i r '""^ '"^"'"'7 po'^e's d
vent to T.^.^,, where being ftrengthned by new Comers they refolv'd o r
f
m Tongues, faith Thar rK<=^ rwv;u l t . ^ ^"^ " ^^ tne leverail ^;/2e;7-

W.. Jho bein,; val ' pfri Ta 'm '"'"^ "S'"^' ^^""^ ^''^ 4"^/-^.. in
U.., that fo ley r^ TeZf' rf ^ J "'"^ ""^'^^ ^''"" 'f'" -!>^bited "
^itylikethatoZSf ?f;'/f''^^^^ ^o which purpofe they built a
Jen and Roc y ct tre JmiS^^^^ ''"''"^>'' ^""^ '"P-'^ -er a
abitacion : for on a fet. ^Theyfo fi e to all'^r V-n'^' " ^^"" '''"
'''"'"'
h.ch they could not c.rry away wifh hem t T\ """a'"''' ^" ^'''"^^
S might be left them therefore Z Z' u '^' ''''^ '^P" "^ ^"""
5 ' """'^"'^ ^'^^ynufteitJier Conquer or Die: which re.
folv'd

35^

TKc Ctfaihites come lo

Terms of Agreement
with the Jpahchius.

Thty fall off

^re brought
to worfliip
the Sun.

The Sun ge
j)eraiiy wor
fnipp'd by
the antient
Htathetu.

A M E'R^I C A. Chap. XVIIL

folvM upon they fell unawares on the Jpalachites, whofe King had
neverthelefs Co

much time/ that he Guarded the ufual Paths which dircded to the
inhabited Villaaes- But'the ^p^/4c/;/te5 leaving the common Roads, climb'd over
aimoft inaccemble Mountains, and fo got into the heart of the Countrey, which
exceedingly
araaz'd Taracoufis (for fothat King was callM) who lay Encamp'd at the
Foot of a'
Mountain, whether the Van of the J^alachites were marching : whereupon
he fending his Army to meet them, they began a mod fierce Combat ; when at laft
both
Parties wanting Arrows, they fell upon one another with Glubs till the
Night
parted them 5 and neither could boaftof the Vidory. At laft this War was
turn'd
into Peace, and the Articles of Agreement were thefe, v/<.
Tl?at the Cofachites jhould for eyer po^f the Troyince Amana, and become
one feopU
with the Apalachites, and ackno-^kdge the Kjng 0/ Apalache for their
Chief Governor.
After which the Cofachites were call'd Canbheeans, which fignifies
Accidental Sub^
jeas : But thefe two forts of People did not long agree ; for the
Carihheeans (leighted
the Cuftoms of the Jpalachites in the Countrey iB^^riw, and at the fame
time
threw off their Obedience to the King, chofe one O^^^^^m for their
Governor, fubdu'd the neighboring Province JMatika, and at laft defiM the Apalachites
; who mfcrior to them in Strength, and making ufe of fubtilty, fuppos'd it the
beft way to
make a Difference amongft the Carihbeeans themfelves ,. to which the
Priefts freely
proffcr'd their Affiftance, and their Defign prov'd alfo fuccefsful ;
for the Carihbee.
ans regarding no Religion (onely dreading the angry Deity Uabouya) the
Apalackte
Priefts caird>Wy, took great pains to perfwade their Neighbors to the
worOiip.
piP2 of the Sun . which fo prevail'd, that a confiderable number of them
afcendmg
the Mountain Olami, fell down and Oiew'd Reverence to that celeftial
Lummary .
which Opportunity P^r^cow^ taking notice of, caus'd the JaoWs to publifh
amongft
the Cartbbeeans, That in the beginning of the Maairims, or March, a
great Feaft fhould
be held in Reverence to the Sun on the ufual place, where the King would
Entertain, and give Prefents to all the Worlhippers thereof.
. How great a Religion this Sun-worfiiip was antiently amongft the
Gentiles, ap.

 pears from the Writings of feveral authentick Authors. ^

The Syrians, whofe Idolatry the Ifraelites learnM, honor the Sun by the
Name of
^ahalj which fignifies Lord. 1 t r^- c
The fhe7ucians call'd the Sun <BeeUfamen, Lord of the Heavens ; and the
Citizens ot
Accaron, Baal-zebahim, Lord of the Ojferings ^^ but God chang'd the Name
to %aaU
zehuh^otTheGodofEjes. r l- t
Moloch, or Mtlcom alfo fignifi'd the Sun amongft the Jmmomtes ; m honor
of which
Children were carried by their Parents, and fet between two great Fires,
or clfe by
the Priefts, upon pretence of cleanfingthem ; and fometimes parch'd to
death m
an Imageof Afo/oc/;, which had feven Cavities heated like Ovens.
Macrohim tells us, That the Ajfyrians afcrib'd the fupream Command to
the Sun,
under the Name of Adad, and to the Goddefs Adargatu, rcprefenting the
Image ol
Jdad With Beams dartingdownwards, and Adargatis with thofc that (hot
upwards^
by the fivft they exprcfs'd, that the celeftial Power confifted in Sunbeams, whicF
fliooting downwards warm the Earth ; and by the fecond, that all thmgs
by thof<
Beams were cheriOi'd and enlivened.
The moft magnificent Temple which Syria Apamcna boaftcd, was Coniecrated
t(
the Sun. 1 t. -r c U
The Jrabians Offered Myrrhe on the tops of their Houfes at the Rihng ot
th
Sun . who alfo was the Chamos and ^aal-^eor of the Moabites and Medians.
Near the (I{ed-Sea, lay the City Baifamfa, which fignifies The Houfe of
the Sm^i^
mons for the many Feafts which were k.r,r rU^e in honor of this Planet.
Tt

Chap. XVIII. tA M EI^I C J.

The ferfians accounted this Luminary for the ereateftr^^ ,J o r .

him three feveral Feafts, looking upon h'.m as L^rho^ of Wdolr"";' T

and Power, and isexprefs'd bv three fe^^,,! r, Wildom, Goodnefs,
D.ftinaion of T.me ^ Operations, v,^. Warmth, Light, and
TheE^pfM,honor'dtheNameofO/;., whom fome will h,v. . u , r
With M/., or cup.,, .hefirft Foulde'r of the i^^^LrMo 2 '^ "'^'^^
In %/,^ alfo was famous amongft many other cXL rU . cVrJ' ,
fignifi'd The Cuy of the Sun- whercfhe o7v! . .] ^.^^^ of a/..;,,^
^I,-,j^
tlTe Sun, was religioufly w^rftWd ?M " YT[ ^""^ Confecrated to
-ru 1^ ^ "uny worimpp d. This Image is defcrib'd by M^ao^;^
The Moon made likewife prear OffprJ^^. . l .-^ r . -^ ^y^atromus.
c, J n ^j 1 ^^^^^ ^^^^^"gs to their ^//^^;2 for To thev callM rK^
Sun ; and allow d theirPrieft-s onpU/ I.I.O i i ' , ' ^^^ Liicy can d
the
wth'this .../, That th;^So:,ffi teS; ;:ur'o ^rrT-^ -'^ '>'Rams, to ^T'^^,,., nor ftould fetch the leaftS iclof r ^"' .'^'^"
'^"""''
before or after Sun-fet : The Cinamo bfo. to^^TV:^: rT'Tfj
the Chief Prieft, and the reft having each tfeir P::^ affiP; t L^^th ,/
main d was fold to the Merrh;inrc i-r t..a l ^ ^ ' wnicii rec L >i r V ^^^^"^^' ^o -^ *^^ac with into Foreign Parts hnt \f; .\..
s ,h. d f ,., co . fi, ,i, ,t,, .,,,i .^^;-;a ^ <;;;
/ wrt^ ui Liic ivjoneth ; on the top thereof was a arpar n^,.,^^ d n
From wh:ch hung others ftiU lelTer and lefTer , about the m ddle of
th^^^ u "'
:hree hundred and fixty five Garlands ,-! .L k l . ^ ^'* ^""
^.omans Garment of /yellowed ;the%;^^^^^
:he leffer the Stars,and the Garlands the DaysTf ^Year i^'t" '.""'
wotfliipp'd the Sun. ^ 5 m which manner they
The fame Luminary the JWi/._g and old Gm.,ador'd in antient times
and to
K made out : for it is the common Opinion of all Men as ^nlloZT7- -r,
:^<*, and-other Heathens witnefs to olace rh. o ' ^">*'''^''A'^, Tfe.ermoil Orb. which futrounds the Lrrh ' : ef^:;:^^^^^ ''T-lands to Heaven : but becaufe the reft of the H r^' /' "^ '''"'

he Sun, thereforethey take the Sut^^rilTLT:! f^

^^aing luftre and glory or for its being a huntdtffi^^^^^^^^^^^
arth; or for its fwift Courfe, in running ten hundred thoufand LeLues
info
ortatime, or for its nourilhing and genial Warmth, which givTs L "e to
aU
m^Ifudt T^ 7 '^'^''' '' "''^'^ ^'^ ^'"^"'y ^ff-- are manag 'dTor fo
eing well confidefd by the moft Learn^^L " r bl^^^^^^^^^^ ^f" 1 E
:c rri^t;:r '--^ ^^^ "-- - ^ ^^'^"^ creature,^:^!^^;
:rs of four Men J^hT A cT- ' ^' "''' ""'''^ '" ^ Cl^^^'' n 'he Shoul^People to he'tJ f r"x. ^^'P" '"'^ ^^-^^^ ^"'^ " innumerable company
eSunirdafr^ It ?""""'''''"''' "'^"^'^'^ -^'1- ftatelyOfferi/"!
a wen contented and fatisfi d with their Entertainment. This Cu-

3??

lii[ i

Why Divins
Worihip fo
generally given to the

The Apalachi'
tesznd Canbhtatjs unake
an Offering
to the Sun on
the Mountain

:om

55^ ' J M E "KI C J. Chap. XVlli,

Part of the ([om was yearly obfcrvM, when at laft they began to negled
their Duty, wherefore
reToit'Trom J'oltlahm refolvM to proclaim' War againft the Qanhheeansj
if they did not continue
IL?" paying their Devotions to the Sun : which Injunction was
differently receiv'd j
Tome juda'd it to be inconfiftent with their purchas'd Freedom, to
receive Laws fot
Religion from a neighboring King, allcdging, That if any Reverence was
due to
the Sun, it mieht as well be given on the Mountains o Jmana as within
TGltlahi?i's
Realm : others^ who lov'd Peace, and had a zeal to the 0/^/mi Religion,
Would not
be againft the Propofals, which occafion'd a Contention amongft
themfelves, and
every one apply'd himfelf to thofe that were of his Opinion ;
neverthelefs thofe that
flood upon their Freedom, were of the greateft Party j wherefore the
Worfhippers
of the Sun clos'd with the JpalachiteSj who going out with their Forces,
routed the
other Party, and received thofe Carihheeans that joyn'd with them in
Religion into
Co-partnerfhipalfo in the Government, fo that they united into one
People : But
thofe that were routed rally'd again, and not without thoufandsof
Inconveniences
made towards the Sea, where Embarquing, they Landed firft on the Ifle
Jyay^ now
They peopia called SanSiu Crux, and in procefs of time grew very
populous ; for from thence by
Ind grow*" degrees have been peopkd all the little Ifles which le be^oie
Jmertca, and grew fo
pnweru.. ^^^({f^Q^Mc, that they were fought to by the (^atabites, to
fide with them againft
the Jroy aces J YaoSjSappayos, and other People thv-r Enemies on the
Main Continent, where they have taken many large Countreys, extending as far as !
Brcifile_
where they are greatly rcfpeded and fear'd for their Valor and Policy in
warliki
Affairs.
But becaufe the memory of antique Paffages hath no firm foundation in
Books
having been onely taken by Tradition from time to time amongft the
On^ke^wx
therefore we cannot give you an exa^: Account of their Removal from
Florida ; ye
It remains without contradiction, that it hapned above five Ages before
the Sj^aniarl
Arrival, which time at leaft was required to the peopling of fo many
great Ifland:

and Kingdoms*
Concerning the Original' of the ^pd/^ctoj, they themfelves affirrn, that
the;
cannot certainly determine the time when they firft Sctled here :
however, the;
report that they have peopled the Provinces ^emarlnj Jmanap and Matika,
many Age
ago. That they are Extra^ed from the Tartars, appears not obfcurcly, by
theii
Cuftoms, Idolatry, and Language. Amongft other things, they have learn'd
fron
the Tartars religioufly to remember thofe Kings which performed any
grand Ex
ploits in the Service of their Countrey. Amongft others, the J^alachites
make men
tion in their Jreitos , or Songs, of a King call'd Majdoj eminent for
his noble At
chievements, and prudent Governing of his People.
They believe that the Sun many Ages fince was Darkened or Ecclips'd
twent;
four Hours together, during which time the Waters over-flow'd the
higheft Moun
tains, except that oiOlatmi, where there ftood a ftately Temple, built
in honor o
the Sun ; in which all thofe that fled thither were preferv'd, and
difpersM after
wards into feveral parts to re-people the World as foon as the Waters
were abated
and the Sun appear'd in his full luftre again : whereupon they imagine,
that to thi
day their V>\xdTonat:^uli, at the Rifing of the Sun congratulates his
appearanc
with great joy, and at his Setting, requefts his fpeedy return from
under th
Horizon.
TheBirdro- The Tonat:^uU is a Bird like a Bull-Finch, onely its Belly
and Wings are of,
Golden colour, the Back and Tail blue, its Head adornM with divers
coloured Fea
thers, its Claws and Bill like Ivory, and it Sings like a Mightingak.
SfhS'C, As for Olaimi, it is a perfed round Mountain 5 the Way which
leads to the to
'. ain 0/imi. - ' "" ' * thereO

Original of
the ApalU'

Their Opi-

nions in Re
ligioru

isi

e GCcafion
of the Apala.
chites embra-

Chap. XVill. -A M E'E^l C A.

thereofrunsvv^.ding two Leagues long, and is planted on each fide with
Cedar,
Pme.TreesX.</?e,and S.ffafras., the top of which is a fair Plain a
Leaaue in circumference ; Eaftward from it is a Cavern, to which Nature hath afforded
more Con.
venienceand Ornament than could be given to the fame by Art and Charges
The
firft Beanis of the R.fing Sun dart into the Cavern, which being oval,
ap'^pears like
a white Vault, which on the top hath a great Hole for the Air to so in
at The
bottom is like the pureft Marble ; on the Floor (lands a Stone Ciftern
to receive
the Moifture which drops out of the Rocks. Whileft the People Danc'd on
the
fore-ment.on'd Plain,Feafted and Sung, the Priefts Offer'd Myrrhe, and
all manner
of Perfumes.
The Clothes which the Rich gave to the Sun, were diftributed amoneft the
Poor, according to a Lift which was taken of them.
But in procefs of time the Ai^ahdnus have moft of them embrac'd the
Chnlllm ih
Religion I the firft occafion thereof was this : When ^ohn <^Uld had
brought a :LeWFmzcfe Colony to tlonda, and gain'd a Fort, Cwhich from King Q'arh the
Kinth he T ""^'"
nam'd CImles-Fort) the 5;,7^ Commander (Prtf.MWe;^ fell unawares upon
him ""
and fo far impower'd his Men, who had of themfelves a natural hatred
againft the
French, that they fpar'd neither Man, Woman, nor Child , onely ten Men
efcapine
the bloody Banquet, fled to the Florida,, KmgZaturiona, where they were
kindly receiv d. and hearing of the Civility and Power of the King of Jfdache,
defir'd that
they niight go thither , which Zaturiona not onely granted, but alfo

furnifl,-d the
fevenF../>men (for the other three were dead) with good Guides, who
vifited
^.fm.s Relations living in feveral Villages along the pleafant Stream
Selay,
T ^tt I^!fi " T ^""S'"' ""'^'^'^"y j^y"''^ 'gf>"' -"J travell-a
^hrough Woods, Marflies, and Mountains full of ravenous Beafts. and
fometimes
Engagd with the ftragling F/.WJ4. which lurk'd in the moft defolate
Wilderleffes: having travell'd two days Journey, by an Ambufcade of King
77.Ws
?eople they loft two of their Guides, the reft being dangeroufly
wounded, fnd
.hrough many Difficulties came at laft to ^Vo.A., and from thence to the
Kin. of
^i..W,e s Court who receiv'd them all with great kindnefs: Whereupon
they re.
md good Cuftoms of the Inhabitants, to Settle themfelves, all but two of
them
^ho return d with the Guides to Zaturiona : the reft that ftay'd there,
endeavor'd
jy promulgating the Cin/i. Religion, to reduce the Ta^ans to the belief
thereof
.h.ch mahy embrac'd, and alfo learn'd the French Tongue,
notwithftanding thei^
Priefts y.v . oppos d the fame. After the death of the French (which
the JpLhkes
.luch bemoan d) their Idolatry had like to havegotten the upper hand
again had
lot fomcEnghJh Families, fleeing from r^rginia from the Cruelties of the
Indians
"r t V 'T^ ^? ^"^''"''' ^""^'^ '' *'"'' "'"'^ i"f^"'io-^ at firft
onei;
:o get frefh Provifions, but Rowing up the River &%, and taken with the
plea,
.antnefs they chofe the Province Sen,arin for their Habitation, where
accordLlv
JieySetled^oi6x,. Amongft them were feveral Learned Men, which fo eldually perfwaded the Heathem to embrace the ChriJ},an Faith, that in
twenty ei.ht
rtivi- fci^;s:?. "' ^ '^ ^''" --= ^---'^ -^ ^^p^--^ i ^^^m
But fince our Defign is onely to give you an exaft Account of thofe
People
.h.ch inhabit the Iflands lying before ^,en, it is Efficient that we
have LWd
ou how they are Extraded from the Ofach.tes and the J^alachites.
As to the Cuftoms of the Carihbeeans, fince they are very much alter'd
by their
g Converfation with the Enrofeans, we cannot better inform our felves

of their
antiehE

TSaSBST.

^^^ ^ A M E'E^I C A. Chap. XVIIL

antient Cuftoms, than from thofe which to this day are obferv'd on St,
Vmcent, and
fome parts of the Main Continent, where the Canbbeeans have learn d
nothing from
any Strangers.
Dcfaipnnn -Jl,^ Canbbeeans are a well proportion'd People with broad
Shoulders and Hips,
t:':r'' ^^^^a Faces, without Beards, wide Mouthes, white Teeth, little
Eyes like the Tar.
tars, Feet fo hard, that they are almoft Dart-proof, flat Nofes, fo made
by fqueezmg
them down in their Infancy, and long black Hair. There are few or no
deformed
People amongft them all of them go ftark naked, and paint their Bodies
Red
with a Plant callM (I(pcou, and Oyl j about their Eyes they draw a black
Circle
with the Juice of the Apple Jmipa. This their Painting ferves them both
as an
Ornament, and to make them ftrong. Others anoint their Bodies all over
with a
alewy Stuff,on which they ftick all forts of Feathers. Others ufe Gum
and Flowers.
Moreover, they adorn their Head with Plumes, their Ears with FiQi-bones,
or
Scales of the am, or pieces of Cryftal, which they alfo hang in their
Lips and
Nofes. The Men wear Armlets near their Shoulders, and the Women about
their
Wrifts . about their Legs they tie for Garters Strings of Seeds : others
take a pride
in wearingthe Bones of their flain Enemies, and the Teeth of the J^outy,
Tygcrs,
wild Cats, or Cockle-nicUs. When they appear in grcateft luftre , then
they
wear Armlets under their Arm^pits, and alfo Scarfs of Feathers, which
either hang
over their Shoulders, or are girt about their Middle, fo that one end
thereof tou.
ches their Thighs. They fet an exceeding value on certain pieces of
Copper call'd
Caracolts, the leaft of which they hang in their Ears, and the biggeft
before their

Breads ;' and becaufe they are fetched out of the Province of the
Aro^^a^es their Encmies, they are eftcem'd as Marks of true Valor, and he is highly
cfteem'd that
wears them.
The Carihheeans which Convcrfe with the Euroj^eans, fpeak two forts of
Languages, the oldeft of which is fmooth, acceptable, fluent, and for the moft
part fpoke
between the Lips. According to the feveral pronunciations one word hath
divers
fignifications : but the Myfl:ery of their oldcfl: Language they will
difcover to
none. It is very obfervable, that the Qn^ke^w Men fpeak feveral words,
which
though the Women underftand, yet are never fpoken by them : and alfo the
antient
People ufe feveral Sayings which the younger never mention, and the
Youths fuch
likewife as are never fpoken by the Antient, which being fpoken apart by
each in
the time of War, areunderftood by none but their Soldiers, that fo their
Defigns
may the better be kept fecret. But their mixd Language hath many of the
Euro^
pean words, efpecially of the 5p.m//^, which they fpeak whenfoe're they
converfe
with the Europeans. Moreover, though the Caribbeeans on the Icafl:
occafion laugh
aloud, yet they are of a dull Spirit, ftubborn, and nothing to be got
out of them
but by fair means.
Their Employment is Hunting, Fifhing, Tilling, Building of Houfcs, and
the
like. Theft is^ot known amongfl:them,fo that no Man is iufpicious ofhis
Neighbor j wherefore they leave their Huts open both Night and Day. They are
alfo
feldom at Variance one with another,but generally Love fways amongft
them j yet
if a Quarrel doth happen, then the injurM Perfon revenges himfelf to the
heighth.
Perfons that profefs Chaftity are much honor'd amongft them j and here
Youth
bears great refped to Age. .
Thrir igno- They ate alfo vcty ignoraut in natural Knowledge, infomuch
that when the
Moon is EclipsM, they fuppofe that it is devourM by Uaboya and
whereioe'rt
they fmell any ill fcent, they believe the Devil to be not far from
thence. Gun^

powder they fuppofe to be a Grain, and are very fearful of Fire-Arms :

Thcugl

Their Lan-'
|uage.

Their Manners.

Chap. XVIIL ^ M ET^l C A. ' p^

chey have many brave Salcpits, yec they ufe no Sale, nor eat any
Swines.flen^,
though all thofe Idands abound in that fort of Animal, fearing chat if
they fhould
sat the fame, it would canfe them to have little Eyes, which they
account very
liomely, though it is a property generally incident to them ,. neither
will they eat
my Tortoife, becaufe they v^ould not be fo grofs as that Creature.
Laftly, they
know now no greater Number than they reckon on their Fingers and Toes
for
Lvhat exceeds twenty is to them innumerable : They hold that good
Spirits, whom
:hey call Jkamoue, refiding in Heaven , never trouble themfelves with
Earthly
fVffairs.
Their Offerings confift in CaJfaVe and the firfl of their Fruits, which
are fee at the
;nd of their Huts in Veffels on fmall Tables, cover'd with Leaves or
Rufhes,
jvithout uttering any Prayers ; for they never Pray but in publick in
company of
he ^oye:<^ or Priefts, and that either for revenge againft Injuries, or
for recovery
"rom Sicknefs, or that they may know the Events of War, or for Proteaion
againil
he Mahoya. '
Each %ehath his peculiar God, which, Singing with a conjuring Verfe, he
calls
o him in the Night whilft he Smoaks a Pipe of Tobacco.
Some have been of Opinion, that this Conceit of the Mahoya proceeds from
the The.rFearof

ihlegmatick Nature of the Cmhheeans, who in their melancholy Dreams

imaaine ''' '^'''''"
hemfelves tobcgrievouflybeatenby thefaidM^%d. But there are fufficient
tefti.
Clonics to prove, that thefe Heathens have often really fuffer'd much by
this Maboya,
.ften appearing to them in fuch horrid (Iiapes,that the poor
Caribheems^ouU fweac
nd quake at the fight thereof, and infliding fuch fad Pinches and bloody
Stripes
11 over their Bodies, that they liv'd in perpetual fear of this evil
Spirit : ' and yec
otwithftanding thefe cruel Sufferings, they fliewM no manner of Worfliip
to Ma^ya, onely they believM that they had fome eafe, when they wore little
Pid-ures
bout their Necks, made refembling the Shapes in which Mahoya appeared to
them ;
lut their beH Remedy was to flye to the (7?ny?/^j-.
They believe their %^;^able to refolve any Queftion they ask of them .
parti- Their Con^
11 L 1-1 n ** . * , *r fultations aularly, when any one dies,the neareft allyM to hrm asks the %e
this"Queflion,[r/;o ^^f^^^^^^^^
the occafion of his Death f to which if the %e names any one, they never
reft: til] R^'i^'"'''.""^
hey have difpatch'd him to the other World. Concerning their original
brutifii
ray of living, they give much credit to an antient Fable, which is to
this eifed: :
The moft antient Cdn^^e^^;?^, living under no other Roof than the Canopy
off-'ibuiom
leaven, fed on nothing but what the Fields naturally produc'd, which
falvage ^"'''"""
.ife an old Man much beamoan'd; when a certain Deity clad in white
Apparel
efcending down on the Earth, faid. That he would haye comefoonerto
hayeJJmVn them
^e t^ay of a civtl Life, had they requejied it before. Moreover, the
Angel fliewM them a
lace along the Shore where there lay fliarp^cutting Stones, with which
he told
-.em they might cut down Trees, and with the Timber build themfelves
Houfes,
nd cover them with the Leaves of the Palm-Tree to keep out the Rain ;
which
iid3 he broke his Staff into three pieces, which being Planted, foon
after produc'd
le Root Miwio^, which flamp'd and dry'd, made good Bread.
The G?-/^^^^45 have alfo a ftrange Opinion concerning the Soul, that is
to fay TheirOpinihat every one hath as many Souls as he hath Pulfcs, but the chi^feft is
the Heart inst^-souL

felf, which after Death removes with Jehei;^i, (that is every ones
peculiar God or
enius) to the Company of the other Deities, where they live after the
fame mansr as here on Earth wherefore thofe that are Perfons of Qiiality give
Charge ac
leir Deaths, that their Servants may be kiil'd and buried with them,
that fo they
ay ferve them in the other World j That the other Souls, which are the
Pulfes, ,
Mm are

?5S

A M E'B^I C A.

Chap. XVIII.

Th.'ir manner ot D>vclling.

Thdr Houfhold AffaiVs

and Diet.

are of two forts, whereof the firft call'd Mii^ojy/^, range through
Woods and Wil.
dernefies ; and the other call'd the Oumekom^ refide along the Sea, and
overturii
the Ships that Sail by ; That the Soulsof Heroes remove to pleafant and
delightful
Iflands, where they are ferv'd by the Jro'vages ; That Cowards at their
Death gc
behind a high Mountain, where they beconcie perpetual Slaves to the
Jroyagesc
So foon as they hear a clap of Thunder they run into their Huts, and
place
themfelves on little Stools round the Fire, cover their Faces, and
laying theii
Heads on their Knees, make a doleful noife, as fuppofing that Mahoya is

exceedingly
cnrag'd againfl them.
Their Huts, for the moll part built near Rivers and Streams , are of ar
oval fafhion, their Roofs made of Palm-Tree Leaves or Sugar-Canes, the
Walh
nothing but Boughs fet in the Ground and pleited together, and the Floor
oi
fifted Earth or Sand, ramm'd in and kept very even and fmooth befides
a Roorr
wherein they Sleep and Entertain their Friends, they have alfo a Kitchin
to dref
their Meat, and a place to lay their Bowes, Arrows, Clubs, and the like,
in ; the)
ufe Mats in fteadof Walls, to feparate one Apartment from the other.
Their Houf
hold-ftuff is little ; the richeft of them have Hammocks in ftead of
Beds ; th(
meaner fort ufe Sticks laid crofsone another, and cover'd thick with the
Leaves 61
the (Baiiana-Ttec, made faft at the four corners with Cords. Hollow
Qahhaflns^ anc
Earthen Ware caird (^iw^riy, ferve them for their Kitchin Utenfils. In
the litch
Canaris they prepare ihdtTmnalis, ot Tep^er-pottage^ and in the biggefl
their Liquoi
Ovicou
Their Cleanlinefs may appear by this, that when they go to cafe Nature,
the)
make a Hole in the Ground with a Stick, and after they have done, flop
it up again
burying their Excrement that it may not be fecn.
Round about their Huts feed many Hens and Turkies, which they breed not
fc
much for their own ufe, as to exchange for Iron.
They remove their Habitations very often, either out of fear of being
haunted
by the Ghofl of fome deccafed Perfon, or to avoid fome Smell which they
find
noifom and offenfive, or becaufe their Hut hath been let on fire by
Lightning.
The Women are always employed to keep their Families in good order, to
prepare Venifon and Fifli for the Mens Tables, to fpin Cotton, Comb their
Husbands, and paint them Red. The Men fpend their time in the Wars, Hunting
or
Fifhing. They have alfo learn'd of the Europeans to burn TrainOyl in
Lamps in
the Night, when as before they burnt Twigs of a gummy Shrub before
mentioned;
which for that reafon the Hollanders call'd CandkAVood, Each hath a
little Stool, and

a Table call'd Mantoutou, on which he eats his Meat when he pleafes,

having nc
fetcMeals. The broad S^?w4-Leaves ferve them for Napkins and
Table*clothes.
Their chiefeft Dainty is Crabs roafted in the Shell with the Juice of
Lemmon and
^yman. At great Feaftsthey drefs their Meat with the Fat of their
Enemies, being
the Aroyiorges, Their ufual Drink is Mahhy, made of fotato'sy which
refrefhes, and
is good againfl: the Phlegm j' alfo another Liquor call'd Oko^ madeof
ileep'd Cajfadar^ and is like Beer in talle, llrength, and colour. They alfo by
making an incifion
into the Palm.Trees', tap a Liquor from the fame in QalahaJJ?esj like
White-wine.
They uCc little of the Drink Coujcou, becaufe it fwells the Body,
notwithilanding
it is pleafing to the Palate 5 But the Liquor which is mod efleem'd
amongfl them,
is the Winemadeof the Sugar^Canes, which are fqueez'd in Mills made for
that
purpofe, and then boyl'd in great Kettles. During thedreifing of their
Meat (whicfi
being done leifurely, is fometimes half a day before it is ready), they
Sing, anc
^Dance^o the Time, which one keeps with a CaUhaJh fiU'd full of little
Stones, ir
whicl

Chap. XVIIL ^ M E\^I C A jyp

which they believe the gtefateft happinefs they ffiall enjoy in the
other World conMs : But the Cmhkeans never Dance more antique than when they meet in
the
Carba, which IS a publickHoufe of Entertainment ; whether the Women
carry a
Drink made of Cf-x-e, which makes Drunk as foon as Wine . The Men bring
Fiffi and Hedge-hogs ; all of them painted with T{oucoh, and adorn'd
with Plumes
ofFeathets, commit all manner of Debaucheries. At other times they alfo
keep
Feaft.days, which is either when they are preferr'd to fome Office, or
Plac- of Ho.
nor, or when they have defeated their Enemies, or when they mourn for
the Death '
of one of their neateft Relations.
Their Boats which they call 'ferla^uo's, are made of fingle hollow
Trees, full n.,Bca.
of Benches, and painted with feveral ftrange Shapes,and are able each to
carry fifty
or hxty Men. '' ^

Their Muficallnftruments in which tfiey take raoft delight, are Drums.

Strings t.*m..
3f Silk-grafs ftretcht upon Calahafies, ^nd Flutes made of theBones of
their Enemies -n'*"^
They keep Watches on high Hills, to defcry the Ships ofFat Sea, and no
foone^ ,..
uve they efpy d one, butthey immediately givenoticeto oneanothet;
whereupon !tf.rchofe that are moft valiant put off to Sea in their Canoos, and know by
the Lan- "'"
;x.ages to diftinguilh between a S^,.;.,-^, FW>man, g;,y^-man, and
Hollander.
i they find that tis an Enemy who Lands on their Coafts, they euard all
their
Vvenues, he in Ambufcades, and gather together in by.ways, and where
they fee
tiy advantage they flioot thoufands of Arrows ; which done, they fall in
amonaft
hem with great Clubs : but if they chance to be defeated, then they lurk
behind
(ramble-buflies or climb up inacceffible Mountains, or elfe, if near the
Sea they
ive themfelves by Diving and Swimming under Water above two hundred
Paces
^efore they appear again , and if a Party of them chance to meet
together after.
^'ll^ t'h^S w ' E^gagem^ent : But if thofe that come on their Coafts .
.
eFriends they Swim, or go in their Boats to meet them, climb up their
Ships, S" ^
TJ ,n jT? T '^''' ^'^"^''"^ '^''' ^''"'^ 'he Ofii^e in the Name of '
le whole Ifland bids them welcome, and conduds them to the Carhet, where
an
nt.ent Man falutes the old Men, and a Youth the young Men , after which
askin.
u.r Names, the Couan calls himfelf by that Name ever aft'er , and
defires h!
trangers to accept of his Name; during which their changing of Names
they ufe
.any Ceremonies of Friendfhip : this done, they profffr them Cotton Ham
locks to reft themfelves in, and pleafant Fruit to eat, till they have
prepar'd oth
leat , which .s no fooner Ready, bu^a little Table is fet before every
one of
vem, and a D.fi, of Meat confifting of boyl'd Hedgefliogs, boyl'd Crabs,
and Poterbs ; which if the Guefts do not eat heartily, or drink up all the
Liquor which
ley give them, they take it asa great Affront; but if they eat and drink
heartily
ley take It kmdly, and fliew great forrow at their departure ^
Their Offices of Government have been ufually three ; the meaneft
belono'd to

K T,oul>ol>hauthe,Mc Place was to Govern over the C^r^a Houfe where

Stran!
.ommanded the whole Fleet : But the chiefeft Officer of all was the
Oubouou . to
'aft a Sror. " ""^ """''' ""'^'"^ '' ''' '''' ^^^^ ^'^.-^ or at
When the Carihheeans drew all their Forces out of the Wands to a Battel
then
eychofe one out oftheOWo, who during their March Commanded th^
rhirownTL!"^' '' "" -'''-'' ''' --' -^ "-^^^ - ^^^

M m 2,

The

iV

^6o

J M E^I C J.

Chap. XVIII.

Thtrir warlike Confultaiioiu.

'Hi

Their Enmity to the

SfHHiaid.

Their M.uriagci.

Their warlike Confultations were no lefs obfervable, for the Ouboutou

ap
pointed a Day, on which the lilanders met at a Feaft in thtCarhetj
whither they
accordingly came all at the time appointed, and having Eat and Drunk,
and
Danc'd a confiderable time, an antient Woman with tears in her EycS;,
and mournful Countenance, enter'd the Carhet, and delir'd Audience j which being
granted her,
and every one filent, (he began to relate the Damages which from antient
times
the JroVa<res did to the Qartbheeans j and that in the laft Engagement
fo many va
liant Men were flain, and afterwards devoured by them therefore it
would be a
fhame not to take Revenge 5 which being fecpnded by the Ouhoutu^ put
Valor into
the Hearts of all that wereprefent: Whereupon the following day
Meffengers
were fent to the other Iflands to acquaint them with their Intentions,
that they
might prepare their Clubs, make fliarp and poyfon their Arrows, String
their
Bowes, prepare Provifions, and fit out their Canoos : They poyfon'd
their Arrows
with the Juice of Manchenillo' s , which made the leaft Wound mortal.
Their Provifions and Arms they laid up in their G?2oo5, fo to preferve their
^eria^uo's (which
are Boats that can carry fifty Men), if they fhould chance to over-fet,
which often
happened, though they were foon turn'd up again. They went from one
liland to
another, where they not onely ftor'd thcmfelves with frefli Provifions,
but increased
their Fleet with new Affiftants with which approaching the Main, they
hal'd their
Boats afhore in the Evening, and driving four Stakes into the Ground
under the
Trees, made fafl: their Hammocks to the fame, in which they flept till
Mid-night,
and then fell on their Enemies, but if difcover'd by them, they
retreated to their
Boats and return'd home; but if they were not difcover'd, they fell upon
the Huts

of the Jroyages ; who refifl:ing, they (hot Arrows with burning Cotton
into them,
and fo fetting them on fire, forc'd the Aroyages to venture a Battel in
the open Field ;
where having fpent all their Arrows, they Engag'd one another with great
Clubs,
with which at one Blow they broke either Arms or Legs, or knock'd out
their
Brains. If the Caribh&eans chanc'd to be defeated, then thofe that
remained of their
Party made a lamentable noife, howling for thofe that were kill'd, and
mix'd theii
Tears with the Blood of their flain Friends, whom not without the
grcatefi: dangei
they fetched from amongft their Enemies, and carried them aboard of
their Boats :
But returning Victors, they were wont to infult over their Prifoners
with all the
bitter Taunts imaginable, and then taking advantage of thofe fliarp
Upbraidings
which their cruel ufage extorted from them, to put them to death with
moft inhumane Tortures, and then to Feaft themfelves upon their mangled Bodies,
all
claiming a Right to their feveral Prifoners, as to fo many Beafts
appointed to the
Slauahcer j But of late Ages they have contented themfelves to difpatch
them fpeedily with their Clubs, and fo aflign them to their Shambles,
As the Jroyages had been formerly, fo the Spaniards at length became the
Objecft
of the (Qartbheeans irreconcileable Hatred, infomuch that oft-times
being Invaded by
them, they gave them fuch rough Entertainment, that they were glad to
favethem*
ielves by flight ; for the Caribbeeans not regarding their Guns, prefs'd
upon them,
and many times took Veflels richly laden from them, till of late years
that a Peace
hath been concluded between them wherein neverthelefs thofe of the
far'tbbeeans re
fufeto be conccrn'd, that inhabit 5f. Do;?i////Vo and St.Fince}it, who
cannot to this
day forget the cruel Outrages committed by the Spaniardu
To come to their Marriages, they were allowM as many Wives as they
pleas'd
to have, infomuch that their Governors were in efteem according to the
number ol
their Wives ; nor were degrees of Confanguinity fo regarded, but that an
Unch
might take his Neece ^ whom he no fooncr had carried to his Houfe, but
the Mar^

nag(

Jdl

Chap. XVilL ^ M ETR^l C A.

riage was finiflVd. They fcUom Divorc'd their Wives' .her rU I, ^ k ,
Children, buc ocherwUe the Man would break the Bond of M t '?'
pleas-d. AyoungManthat had no Relation .gh?rjt a 5^":;:"^^^^^^^
Parents al.oWd of .t. the Match was .ade. Onf that had ta^\^J ^
antly agamft the Aro^agu was fure of feveral good Matches, for he was
reflsMK
none whom he Courted ; and the abundance of W.ves was the .r!r<I a ^
of the. Valor. Each W,fe had a peculiar DwelHng, I T.^ll^l^Z::; .
So foon as one of them was with Child, her Husband Lay not with he
rtHl !?. "
Delivery. If any Woman committed Adulterv K.r H,.i ? '"
I I L r, """-cu /lauitery, her Husband was Dermitted t-r.
knock out her Brams, or rip open her Belly . which done ),. , .P"ffl'=d
to
ther with the Deed, who fetu'rn'd him thLkstr theTale.^ IZZ^, i"/^er burnt or cut m pieces. Children were born here with little troub for
the'
Women were no fooner Deliver'd, buc they carried the Infant to wl t'th^n
x
Brook , which done they return'd home to their Houftold Labor Th left
the S
on the contrary kept his Bed, and ate nothing but a piece oi cjIT A ^ l
he hollow'd out in the middle, and left the edls tifll f ^f^^^;""^'
"^^'^^
.whX'mti;y1^H-Jt^^^^
CeremoniL^the Child r^elJi^^ml^S^^^^^^^^^
n fome remarkable Paffages during the Mothe. bef^ng of '^ c 1".:
rerto^LttiStS''''"^^^
ventto War, or kill d a Commander of the^.ov.^, whofe Name they
exchan,.-d
or their own : After which the Mothers took fpecial care inTrin!, fu^
>ndatfi.Moethsthe Children were able to ru'nirwV'TltL'dT;
he age of two years, they cut ofFtheir Hair, at a great Eeaft made
fr ,Y ! r
rom which time forward thev exerri.'d k. ? f^^**'* made for that purpofe
j

^"^y^^"'='S'i 'nemin Shoot ng withBowcs inrl Ar

Their Ceremonies to make Soldiers were very ftran ere -vi. TU. v u
\ii6keAh\z^r.ri tr^ fU^ r 1 1 , / ^cry nrattgc, V/^. 1 he Father coninitiation of
ifh R ? / n f ' ""^''^ ^' '"'"^ '''" '^' Duties of a Soldier beat him
'""'ed Soldier. paence, then he was accounted a good and approFew bred up their Childreo to be Sove? or Priefl, v,. rt, r u l ,
P to it abftain'rl fr^n, r- I 7^' , 5 y" '^'^ ''^^'^ were brought or
aa,
f tu u, aoitain d trom certain Food from their Infanrv , J k.f l i i ,
P"*:ceiv'd into the Order of Priefthood 1 r 7' , '''^^ '"'"^'^ ''^
art of their Bodies. ^"='*''''''' '^^ were forc'd to draw Blood from
every
^dertheCommanTofr/^'" who.e^embred the firft Arrival of the S^.,-^
It;.-"an each S tZ a hud3"^ ! r ' "''"'' '="'''^"''^' '^^^ -"''I - 'be lefs
ere,who bare Ch Idren ' ". ' ^""."- "^^"^ ^^" ^l^'' -"^ f-"'l
e n^ free f ol, Skkt2^^^^^^ ""^ "^'^^ {"" "'^8^ = ^^ """"'^^^'^^ "'^X
rom bicknelles and Diftempers,which cannot juftly be attributed to the
^"5 Climate,

wm

5^z

V 111

Ifie number
of the Ca^'ihlee Iflands.

Their fcveral Names,

^ M E "Kl C A. Chap. XVIII.

i: :; Vi.K . wL:, p,.r.-d o.. .f. c/.- t,.. t. a,.. !>= .,.
rr":, if-i *v=f J:"fMtat:s\ h.k, *., .,a f..
tomy. tiuc ir dii vii .u^ Unr wrlierem the Patient lay to be
Sr an cti the Tobacco in pieces, he .h.ew .he fa^c o.e. the Hue,
Tnd call-d u; his Spirit, who (haking the Roof of the Houfe, made a
ternble noafe ,
Kent Jdwnea;tothe Patient, fuck'd his Sores, and ano.nted .hem wuh
tt Tu ce of ?t^. after which if the fick Perfon recover'd, he made a
gre c
FeaJ and an OfCing to the aforefaid Spirit : But if the D.ftemper were
mortal,
"hen the il" inlbrm'd the Patient's Relations, That his Spirit had
compaffion upon "eSi^and was refolv'd to carry him above the Stars, to accompany the
other
"^thrstu'chtletli of the Inhabitants of the Ifles that lie before K^nUrn
j^X^L.. re,.nte to g-^ ^ r;:^:^-- -".H
There are generally reckon d "^ ;h^j^^ fj^^^ ar'e a multitude of fmall
ob.
there are many more m number fo be de h t ^ ^ ^^^^.^^^ ^^
^:;h;:tt t" nd?rrKai eight are thefe following .-....
Unta,TodosSaaos,I>eJm,Vomm,co,Manme^o,St.Luaa,3arMos,^t.nm ,
Granada, Tabago, St. Chriftofher.
S E C t. II.

Aiiegada and Sombrero.

Situatioii of
Aftejrada and
Sombttro.

The Mmf
feny.
JheColil/ry.

^O wards the l^orth-Eaft o^fono K^co, at eighteen Degrees and thm n M

nutes lies Amgaia, feven Leagues long, furrounded with Shoals an
^ Banks, as alfofhe Neighboring Son.bnro, being in tbe farne Lantud w t^
.He otHer, and focall'dby '^e ^^-^^-becau^ U app.rs h^^^^ Both o^t e
being uninhabited, harbor abundance of B^^, J^"S" wn
=. little Eaele and the remarkable CcUhry, whofe Body being a little
bigger tn
a httle tagie, ano I ut c m p^rhers relembline a Rain=bowe; abou
Wnn, is adorn'd with divers colour d Feathers, "'^'""""S ' ^^ ,
its Neck is a Carbuncle red Circle J the Belly and ends of the Feathers
a^^^^^^

Cliap. XVIil. fl M E%^1 C A, ^

Goldeii colour, the Sides of an Emeratild green the" Rill.n I r u . ,.,
^^
lifl^'d Ebony, the Eye. glittering l.ke Diamonds,' on the He'd a !'
'^' ^"c"
ofFeathers: ^he Cocks far excd the Hens , beTutv "e'fliTT ^^^^^^^ '"^'
B.i.d wh^foever, and the fluttering of the.r W.7 k t ^ , ri't" ^S
wmd : they live upon the Juice of flowers, and efpecially of Co on F,
dKy fmell W<e Amber, and build their Neftsamongft the t^uck Leal T'?
Bark, andLhin fl.d w.th ^llt tThetl^rSr tt ^ t^f
fomewhac bigger chati an ordinary Pearl ' ^^ oval, are
.ed Streaks) con. creeping d Jw^tlSs^^^^^^^^^ tti::^'^ ^''\
Plants, and go four tin,es one after another into the wltto^wftfr?
wh,ch done they return to the Woods , but the Feni esltTfet r, K ''T u
"'
reives to the Sea, in which thev I av rh/;, I ^^""les at a fet.time
betake themfandy Shore, and Jit d b'the 'b ^s oS tf tT'' '^'"^ "'^ " ^''^
0,ortt..e,wh.chnofoonerL.eout:;ttstltl:irtoC!t^^^^^^^^^^^
when grown fomewhat bigger thev climh ,tn rf,. r i l ^f^"*^ ^^^ Woods,
in vaft u.t,tudes, and ftof "P Salrf't ^^Sest"::;!"'' """ 'l'^
.hey cannot be found out, whileft they caft off the r She I ?""' '''"
through an opening ae the Tail fcarce d.fJcrnable hu/LTcT'r"^ " ''"u""'
bare, and fiript of their Shells, being onely "v r'd wTh I hin s ""
T'^'' ^"
ing harder and^ harder, becomes adal a J Sheliet^^^^^^

Ihele Crabs area wholfom Meat unleArfip^r r^p^ ^ ^ \.

whichcommpnlyarepoyfonous ^ ^""^-'^^^

Sect. Ilf.
Las Virgines.
NEar Sombrero, at eighteen Dearppc t-- tr i
follo, ,1,. Ship. ,!, s.,1 ,1., ty "'" "> '"""' ">
Sect. IV.

Anguilla.
i;tS;S:traS^ o-^'^^'^e of the Line, -t^
-^ Ic makes a pleafanc Profpeft becauf tf th I "" ^"S"" '" '^"8''' >
r . P^*-^' ''ecaule of the many /,^^,Trees which grow .
upon

^^SSS

j^^ a M E'KIC A. Chap. XVllI

upon the fame, whofe Boughs bend towards the Ground j the Leaves are not
unlike thofe of an Oak j the Flowers both in fmell and fliape come near
the n^rctjfus ;
the Wood firm and grey, may be neatly Plan d ; the Tree bears freOi
Leaves every
Moneth, anda Fruit like Apples, which generally crack in their fall from
the Tree,
bccaufe of their thin Shell, as hath been already defcriVd.
The Qculum, or Vine, makes the Shore alfo very pleafant ^ the Leaf round
and
thick, hath a mixture of Red and Green ; the Bark inclofeth a
Violet.colour'd
Wood J the Boughs whereof are loaded with Violet Grapes, which in ftead
of Kernels contain hard Stones.

OtMlitni a
fort of Vine,

Sect.

V.

Situation of

The Fifii
Btnito.

S3,ba.
WEftward from Jn^uilla, at feventecn Degrees and thirty five Minutes,
lies Saha, which ftiews at a great diftance like a Rock. The Inhabitants of St. Euftathm going thither, found a pleafant Valley, able
to maintain many Families.
The Sea about this iHand is fo clear, that a Stone may be feen lying on
the bottom of it* I 1 1 I 1
Amongft many other forts of Fifii; the SomVo is the moft remarkable,
which is
thick and flefhy, two Foot long, with a dark green Back, and white Belly
without
Scales 5 It devours greedily all manner of Carrion.

Sect. VI.
St. Crux.

Situation and
firlt Plantation of St.
Cru:t.

North of 5^ Chriftophers, in eighteen Degrees andfome Minutes, lies St,

Crux,
which the Carihbeeans who were beaten by the Jpalachitesy firft
inhabiting,
call'd Jyay, where Columbia found great oppofition, for the Women themfelvesfliot poyfonous Arrows at the Sp^ni^r^J; and before thelflanders
fubmitted
to them, they took many S])4i/^ Ships, burnt their Villages, and flay
'd many of
the Spaniards alive. The Soil, though Hilly, is rich and fruitful.
The EngUJh Landing here Jnno 1 5 87. found a ftanding Pool, whofe Water
made
fwellthe Faces of thofe who waOi'd themfelves with the fame before Sunrifmg,
in fuch a manner, that they were not able to fee for feveral days after
5 but they at
lafl found a Fountain of wholfom Water.
... ....... Since the Spaniards deftroy d the Inhabitants of this
Ifland, it lay defolate for a
SSnIn confiderable time, notwithftanding it hath fourteen Leagues in
length, and little
''^' '"'""' lefs in breadth, till at laft the En^UJh and Hollanders took
polfeffion of the fame, each
in a peculiar place ; but not agreeing together, the Englifl? fell upon
the Hollanders,
and made themfelves Matters of the Ifland in 1649. and not long after
they were
ferv'd in the fame kind ^ for the Spaniard judging them to be weakned by
the Hollan.
ders removing from the Ifland, fetSail thither from forto (^co, burnt
all theHoufes,
flew the Inhabitants, and brought St. Crx again under the S^antjh
Government.
Mean while the Lord fomcy fitted out two Sail of French Ships, to drive
the Spaniards from St, Crux, and fucceeded in his Entcrprize for the Spaniards
immediately
fled to their Ships, left at liberty fome Holland Prifoners whom they
had taken,and

The feveral
Change:

the Ifland in poflcffion of the French

who fl:raightway fent Captain Juger thithei

a

^f^

;es.

'. li

1
1
1
1
i
I
; 1

^- -I lll.lfct- 1

^Ifc II i"""-!*!!! llT'"'^

Chap. XVIII. '^ M E %_,! C A. ^^j

.s Governor, who defign'd to build a Fort to fecurethe Harbor, but died
before the
fame was fin.ni d. 'Potncy fucceeding him, made an end of the Fort, and

ftor'd the
[Hand with Ammunition and Provifion. The Crofs-Church bulk there by the
Or.
kr, and at the Coft of a Company oiEu^img mHoUmi, was deliver'd alfo to
the
The Trees which grow here are of four beneficiallinds, ferving for four
feve- Fr^.-T.
al ufes ; fome yield Fruits of a pleafant tafte, and wholfom to cat
forae excellent
Medicines ; others Timber for Building -and others Stuff to Dye with
Granates Oranges, Lemmons, and Citrons, grow better here than in any
place
r the world. ' -^
But the ?./>.>.-Treeisparti<ailatly worthy of our Defcription ; It grows
twenty ...:
oot high, without Boughs, thick and ftreight, hollow and fpungy tithin,
bears
Kee.cornet d Leaves hanging on long Stalks, hollow in the middle, and of
a Fin.
ers thicknefs; on the top round about the Body of the Tree, grow a fort
of Fruit
ke Quinces.
This fort offa^aye-ttce grows on moft of the Otnl,l,ee IJlunds . but the
fecond
.rt cM-dMamoa, is to be found ,j,o where but on S^ Crux ., it hath more
Leaves
,an thefirft, and a yellow Bark with green Streaks, within full of round
and
larp biting Grains ; the Bloffoms thereof yield a fweet fmell j every
Moneth the
ree produces new Fruit,riot unlike a Womans Bread (whence it hh its
Dene
matron as before obferv'd,) and rellifliing incomparably well.
Sect. VIL
St. Martin

Ot far from 5(. Crux, at eighteen Degrees and fixteen Minutcs,Iies St.
Marth '"- f
which hath feven Leagues in length and five in breadth, and is famous
for "'""""'
many excellent Sak-Mines ; to preferve which, the S{miards bulk a City
d Fort there. '
Adrian 'Peter ^nd Martyn Thjf^oon, fent with eleven Sail of Ships from
the Texel = -.*
the mft.M,a Company, to Crufe for the Spanifi Plate-Fleet before the
Flemmi/h "" '^"'
:s, finding their labor loft, Steer'd to the Inlet of Todos los Sanclos
where finding

Enemies Ships, they Sail'd along the Coaft of fernmbuck, and from thence
leeting with no Prize) to th? CariUee Iflands ., and Landing on Granada,
received
ne^amage from the Inhabitants : thence going to Stec., they got above a
thou,
.d Goats, and ten thoufand Lemmons from mfpaniok . near Cuba they were
fur.
s d with continual Thunder, Showers, and Storms, which forc'd them to
ftand
and again off the Ifland a confiderable time, where they thought to wait
for the
ph Ships that came from l^ombre de Dks but being defeated of their
aim by
Ion that Fleet was re.inforc'd with a confiderable Supply, they fee Sail
l/o
^9. towards the City and Fort of Sr. Afartin, where coming to an Anchor
they
indthe Place m this condition : On the right fide of the City glides a
freft.
Iter Kiv6r,with many meandring Streams from the Mountains, on the left
fide
Ocean makes a great Opening or Bay,which for a little fpace growing
narrow^
becomes at laft an Inland Lake ; from the Countrey oppofite to the cL on
the
erfideofthefore.mention'd Inlet, runsa Ridge of Hills toward the Sea .
on the
lofi Point thereof ftands a fquare Fort, defended from the force of the
Water
."' Stones, pyl'd up at the Foot thereof, cover'd like a Houfe,
havina on the
ot It a Watch-tower, and not far from it a Chappel moreover, the
Mountain
; ^ ' , Calvaria

Land zhets.

wm

\6S

The Ifland
poffefs'd by
the Dutch.

ilammKtts.

RICA

Chap. XVIII.

Cdvma rifes on each fide and behind the City, with high Precipices ; not
far ftoni
Che South of the River appears a ftrong Caftle with ^--^'^^-f >f ;,^"7"
great Guns- along the Inlet is a fair Market-place ; in the n>iddle of
jhe C.t)
Lds a Church Confecrated to l)o.iukus, near which there is =^ /"S ^w^ "n
which fronts the Sea ^ the Cathedral ftands at the farther ^"-^ "^/^ ^^^
' J"'
on the declivity of a Mountain a fair Chappel ; near the great Fort the
Cover
n^r hath a prett'y Palace, nor are the F..a/c. Cloyfters n.uch -^^-y^^
the other Struiures of this City, which taken altogether bears a good
Form, b.
reafon of the uniformity of the Streets. , . i w 7 / vj r .,
But Anno .648. the sUurd totally deferred this inand,wh.ch Mchael
jM.cn/^^
<^uiter hearing of,brought feveral People from St.EuH.th.^M took
potTcffioa of
^ the Name of the States of the United Netherlands : Yet they enjoy d
not long th,
ntt Propriety, for the S^.uards again went and cla.m'd thofc Places
wh.ch wer.
h irsupoSthefirft gaining of the Ifland , which the Hollanders allowing

chem the]
liv'd peaceably and quietly together, each having their own Churches,
Sco
houfes. Land, and 2^.,..o'.. The Dcfc Plantation was mamtam d by the
2../.
Loids,LamfenzndFaH<^ee. , , . , ^ . i. i 1 ,k;f,f
There are divers Pools of fait Water in this Ifland, which afford the
Inhabitant
ftoreofFiai,andefpeciallyTortoifes,
The Woods produce wild Hogs, Pigeons, Turtle-Doves, and Parraquuo s re
fembling a Parrot, and which though much fmaller, are more apt to be
taught
Near the Salt.pools alfo breed Birds call'd R.m.., "ot""'^^^^ i'f'^'^
onely differing in Feathers, for they are firft white, next aOi-colour
d, and at la
turn red, they feldom flye or fit alone, but for the "^"^ Pfr '" f". T
V.
open places, and Moorift. Grounds ., when fome of them feek for the.r
Food und
Water, one of them ftands Centincl, and on the leaft noife or appearance
of a Ma.
gives notice by Chirping to the reft, who hereupon immediately flee away
; tho
that flioot them lie commonly hid under an Ox Hide.
About the fame Pools breed likewife the Jmerk.n Swallows, with crooked
KU
Feet like Ducks, black Bodies, white Bellies, and long Tails. Sec

Chap. XVIII.

AMERICA.

3<^7

E C T. VIIL

St. Barrliolom

ew.

wfs fi.ft Plaid K;tr^^^^ ': 'ruTf'' "'"^ ^'^'' -'^ 1 - nuny Trees which grow fnlTLe^f^^l^Y"^^^^^^^^
oap-Trces, whofc Wo'od make che WaVerLaZ Id t "' ""'^ "^ '''^
ut they are of two forts fnr in f.^ "^^'f' ^"^er, and wafiies as well as
Soap .
eiiow L,, r,ot':ii[:rp lb z:t::T,-3fi '^ rr" - ^ --^ '
The little Tree Can.fia, out of ^hofrBarrdTo fa t^"" "'''T'' '''''"
M, the Body being divided into feveral Rrll^ l r ' ^''^' ^" ''"^ P'^^'
l'''-".g underneath of a darkGreeTand of A \ ' V ' '" "' difcolour'd, be- ^"'
ve Leaves, and clofes atuTr k d o"S" ry f ll7 t '^" '''''''' "^
" P . it bloiTo^s generally in On.^er andl)?^' :L bLtiS " ' "1"''"
-llowing Moneths : a Fire beina ^,A. ,k f^'J""^ '^^" "P Berries the two
herebylyieldsabundanLSrcheflT-d-^^^^^^^^
ofening Qjiality. ^ '" Medicine for its opening and
i together r" ct ha : tL:;f w r'f " '""''^^^'^^' --'5 -'^ pj"-- "^"fl-esofwildSwil"""^^^"'''^y ^"^^f-Bulwarks, andaretheV
Hch hTvrihi^k Boughs a!d ot^r*" ''''.'''" ''""bo"", grow CalahafiTxccs, ?-^-A
oneth frefii Flowerf and t-i ''.V^ '^ "' to another, and bear every
""
'ck Spots, and Fru w ' Wd shdL' f77' ""''' ""''' ^^^^ ^"""^^ -^
ng taken out ferve for B^ S^!:^^! ^Si^:;''- ^^ " ^-^^. -'>'ch

Pari'
- Tree.

Aloncr

Sea- Star.

Stn-jipplt.

Situation of
Barhuthos.

\AME%ICJ. Chap. XVIII.

Along the Shore is alfo found a fort of Fifh callM the Se.-Star, ^hich
is a yel-.
lowiftiFifh, whofe hard Skinful! of little Knobs (hoot forth five Darts
or Beams ;
in ftormy Weather they faften themfelves to the Rocks.
No lefs wonderful is the Fifli call'd the Sc.Jppk, whofe brown Skm .s
full of
Prickles, which when the FiHr dies fall off, nothing remaining but a
wnite Shell,
curiounv embroider'd with little Holes. , r u- i a n I,
On the Banks, and near the Rocks, grow alfo Sea-Trees, whofe thxckeft
Boughs
putting forth ftiU leffer and letfer Branches, are pleited together very
wonderfully,
and being all glaz'd as it were with Salt-petre, feem greyifli.
Sect. IX.
Barbovide.
>iorlo.. which feme call S..JW., oAasMada, being five Leagues in
length, lies at feventeen Degrees and thirty Minutes, and North-Eaft
from
^ Monferrat, in a (hallow Sea. i i n j K ,
u... rJ Pmm Planting, have from their firft Arrival been much molefted
by
S& Jt^!SZ^^%^o for a great while us d twice a year to i ^e the.
in the Night, killing and defttoying whom and whatfoe re they met with,
onel)
Women and Children, with fome other Booty, they carried to Vommco.
S E C T. Xt
Rotonda.
THe ine(Rofo<J., which is much leffer. hath receivM that Denominatior
from its round Form, for it rifes in the middle into a Hill, which at .
diftance appears like a Steeple 5 It lies at feventeen Degrees and ten
M.
nutes. The Sea about the fame being very deep, makes a good coming to
the Iflan.
with Ships. ^

Sect. XL
Nevis.
N fight of %orf., at feventeen Degrees and nineteen Mi^.t:tes, lies
Nevi., whic
hafh fix Leagues in circumference. Out of the middle of the m-nd "fes
^ Mountain alfover wooddy , round about which the ,/,}., -ho Setled
the
Anno^6^%. have their Plantations, and have increafed from a ^-11";-^'^
above three thoufand, and make a good Advantage of their Sugar, Ginger,
Co.
ton, and Tobacco, which they Plant there. ti,-..,,
o. a. ihey are Gove:n-d by a peculiar Governor and a Council, who
puni(h Thieve
rr;^;./ and all manner of Debo(hes very feverely. ,, , ^ ,, m ,:,
' ' There are alfo three Churches, which on the Sabbath-Day are all
throng d wi.
People, who refort thither for the Worlhip and Service of God.
The Harbor call'd ^athSay, and the Store-hot-'-e built about the fame,
are Ice
red bv a great Fort full of great Guns. tt i
Several Springs on this Ifland afford the Inhabitants good Water.
Here ,s a
a Mineral Spring, a place to Bathe in, which hathbeen found to cure the
fame [
ftempers which the Waters at 'Bourbon have done. Moreov

Situation of

Situation of
. Xevii.

there.

Chap. XVllL f M E,!^! C A.

Moreover, this {{[inA abounds with the. fijlacie or 'P//?/U-Nub^' ivhich

grow on
fmall Trees, with lofu long Leaves, round at bottom, and ending in three
Points t
Thefe Trees being commonly full of thick Boughs, ierve commodioufly for
Hedges jthe Wood and Leaves fweat a milky Juice, dropping out of the
fame with
the Rain j the yellow Flowers which grow on the fame are like glittering
Stars,
and the tafte of the Nuts like a Hazle ; but if the Skin which covers
the Kernel
be not pull'd off before they are eaten, they purge to Death.
But the great Profit which Neyis receives by Nature is attended with
fome Inconveniences^, which trouble this and all the other Iflands : amongfl:
many maybe
reckoned the Uufticho'sj a fort of little Bugs, whofe poyfonous Sting
caufes fuch intolerable Itching, that thofe who are ftutig by them cannot forbear to
fcratch themfelves till the Blood comes, by which their Sores feftering, prove often
very dan-

The P^fuk^'
Nut.

The Mufis'_

aerous

Alfo the Mur'mgo'ms, who are fo much the lefs datlgerous, becaufe they
make aL
ways a great noife before they fling.
Wafps likewife are here very troublefom, but their Stings are cur'd with
Rue
IS the Stings of Scorpions are with the Juice prefs'd out of the fame
AnimaU
The Wood-Lice, which are here in great abundance, have a fofc and white

Boly, onely the Head, which is mark'd with a black Speck ; their Mouthes
are fo
i^ery hard, that in two hours time they eat through thick Cheils. And no
lefs damage do the Ba^ettos,
But the Chinos arc a kind of fmallFleas.that breed in Duft,Afhes,and
thelikc,and
ire of all the moft pernicious J they firft get in under the Nails of
the Toes, and
From thence run over all the Body, but efpecially the bottoms of the
Feet, where
:hey firft occafion an Itching, and then eat Holes through the Skin ;
they make Blilers as big as Peafe in the Flefli, wherein a fwarm of young ones
breeding, caufe
Ulcers and rotten Flefli^ wliich muft be eaten away with J^^ua-fortis
and burnt
^llom.

The MuTttii
gein:.

Wood- Lice.

Ch'igosl

Sect. Xlf.
Euftathius.
Ufiathim, which is rather a Mountain, rifing out ojf the Ocean like a
Sugar- situarion of
Loaf, than an Ifland, lies at feventeen Degrees and forty Minutes : It
hath ^''^'"*"^'
fcarce five Leagues in circumference, yet received fome while fince a
Colo,
ly of above fixteen hundred People, fent thither from the States of the
United ]^e.
herlatids, under the Command of the Lords Lampfen and (I(ee. Befides the
natural
Strength of the Place, whereby a few are able to keep off a great
number, it is for:,ifiM with a ftrong Fort, which Commands the Harbor. The Inhabitants
are very
nduftrious, and make great profit of the Tobacco which they Plant.

In the midft of this Ifiand is a Mountain over-grown with Trees, which

feems
io end in a Point, and hath about it a pleafant Plain.
The abundance of Fowls, Hogs and Goats, afford the Inhabitants ftore of
Pro^ifions ; for their Storc-houfes are never fo empty, but that they can
fupply their
Sfeighbors Wants. ^ rr /
The want of frefh=water Brooks they fupply with Rain-water, which tlicy
preervc in Cifterns.
Though the Air of the Ifland be wholfom, and the Soil fruitful, yet it
is fubjet
many great Inconveniences for befides the terrible Thunder^claps
and Earth - N n quakesj

57

A M E %^1 C J.

Chap. XVIII

Terrible

quakes, that rend the Ground, the Inhabitants are exceedingly troubled
in Augujl
and September with the Winds, which in twenty four hours blow from all
Points o
the Corapais with fuch mighty Gufls, as if they would turn all things
into thei
firft Chaos. The Caribheeans callthefe Tempefts Hurrica?ies, which
formerly us'd u
happen but once in feven years, but of late every two years, and
fometimes twic
in a year. What damage thefe Winds caufe is fcarce to be exprefs'd j the
Sea rai
fing ics turbulent Waves up to the Skyes, cafts the Ships on the Shore,
which thoug!
in Harbor, are certain to be wrack'd^ whileftthe Land Teems to labor
under a ge

neral Ruine, whole Woods being rooted up by the fame^, or at leafl

bereav'd o
Bous;hs and Leaves j the Corn is beaten down, the Plants blaftd, Houfes
turn'c
topfie-turvy, Mountains rent afunder, and fometimes pieces of Rocks
blown int<
the Sea, Before the Hurricanes there are feveral fore-runners, which
give notice o
their fudden approach, "vi;^, the Sea on a fudden is fo calm, thac the
lead motion i
not perceivM ; the Birds flye from the Mountains into the Valleys, where
the''
lay themfelves flat on the Ground j and the Rain which falls is bitter
and fait.
Charles de^chfortoh[erv'd, that in his time fome Ships laden with
Tobacco be
ing loft in a Hurricane before St, Chrijlophers, foon after the Tcmpeft
ceafed, thou
fands of Fifhes were feen fwimming with their Bellies upwards,
intoxicated nc
doubt with the Tobacco.
Sect. XIIL
Antego.

Situation of
Am ego.

The SwordFife,

Etween HeVis and Montfenat, at fixteen Degrees and eleven Minutes, lie
JntCQO^ being feven Leagues long, and about fix broad j It is dangerous
tc
come at with great Ships, becaufe of the many Rocks which lie before it
and remained the longer uninhabited, becaufe of the want of frefh Water
j yet a
laft the Englifh taking pofleflion of it, digg'd Pits, and made Troughs
to catch anc
preferve Rain-water in, fo that it is now inhabited by at leaft eight
hundred Peo
pie, who live on Plants, Venifon, and Fifli.
Upon the Sea-fiiore appears often=times the Sword-fifli, which hath no
Scales
but a grey Skin, and white Belly^ rough like a Fyle, a flat Head, two
Fins on eacl

fide, two on the Back, and one in ftead of a Tail, with which it makes a
fwift mo:
tion : the Sword of it is a long Bone, arm'd on each fide with twenty
feven whit(
and ftrong Teeth. ThisFiCh ftriving to be Chief of the Sea, Encounters
with al
other Fiflies whatfoever, even with the Whale himfelf, whofe Belly he
often rend;
open J near his Eyes are two Noftrils, out of which he blows the Water
he drink:
into the Air.

Sect. XIV.

Montferrat.

.'.Defcription
of MoutfiTvat.

Ontfenat, lying juft at the feventeenth Degree, is fo called from

a.SpaniJi
Hill beyond Barcellonaj whofe fhape this Ifland reprefents off at Sea j
It ii
about three Leagues in length, and almoft as much in breadth, and i
very Mountainous, except a little towards the Eafl:, and as much
Weftward.
The Englip) have a Church here, iln'd in the in-fide with Cedar, which
thi
Ifland produces in great abundance.
' Alf^

~ f

lar

371

The Aca'^su.
Tree.

The Aetm4f^

The CyprefiJ
Tree.

The IronTree.

The MuskHerb.

Chap. XVIII. '^ M E%_I C A.

Alfo the Acajou-Tt,, which grows an exceeding heighch, with miehty
Boushs
under wh.ch many judge it very wholfom to fleep : But there are two
forts of the
rrT"'' a a "' M ?S ^'?'" '^' "'''" '" """^'^ '^f Body and Colour . of
which the moft efteem d rs the red and fweet-fmelling, which is not
fubied to 'any
decay ; for that which is white, and yields Gum when cut, is of a lefs
value
The^co,<is alfo no way inferior in bignefs to the Acajou, which bears
Ions
fwarthy Leaves, and yellow Fruit not unlike a Plumb, but becaufe of
their t^J
ordinary bitternefs they are not eatable, onely the wild Pigeons at a
certain time'
of the year feed on them, after which their Flefi, becomes bitter alfo.
from thi
Bark when cut, runs a milky Juice. '
7v\^crf"^'''' ^l^f" P'*"'''' yi^'d a Pleafant Marble colour to the Eye
and
I delightful fragrance to the Scent. ' '

The Iron-Tree, with fliarp-pointed Leaves, crack'd near the Stalk,

blofToms in
March mi September, after the Violet Bloifoms follow a black kind of
Fruit like a
Cherry being an excellent Food for Birds j the Wood whilft flourifliins
is red
but cut down changes its colour, yet is fo hard that it never decays
Moreover the Musk-Herb yields a fweetfmell, and grows like Brambles
withmt Thorns ; between long dusky Leaves hang yellow Flowers, which
afterwards
)ecome Cods full of Seeds, that fmell exaaiy like Musk.
Sect. XV. '
Guadalupe,
Guadalupe, or Gardelupe, formerly call'd Carrkueira, lying at about
fixteen De- si.i,of
grees, and containing fixty Leagues in circumference (for it is the
bigeeft ^""'""''' '
and nobleft of the Car.bke Iflands,) is divided in two by a narrow Chan,
el; wherefore one part is call'd Gra.d-Terre, and the other properly
Guadalupe.
rhofe Eaftern Point, nam d Cabes-Terre, and its Weftern, call'd SaffeTerre are both
ihabited by the French. jj >
Several high Mountains, efpecially towards the Center, ftart up from
very low m.>i.
rounds, with their barren Crowns towards the Skye, fome whereof- are
over,
town with Trees. 1 . "vci.
At the Feet of fonie of the Mountains are large Plains ,water'd by fweet
creams which formerly invited the Spanifr Fleets thither to water.
There is alfo a fulphurous Mountain, which fmoaking continually gives
the
;fte of Sulphur to the Streams which flow about the fame.
This inand boafts likewife feveral boyling Springs which cure the
Dropfie, and
II other Diftempers proceeding from Colds. ^
Towards each of the two fore-mention'd Points, are large Gulphs that
orod,,.^ c
.undance of Tortoifes and all manner of Fifli, an'd amon'gft oZs one C
Z7 -^T' :^^'^'''^g^"""y ^bout four Foot long, having a (harp and big
[ead, with glittering Eyes, a Back ftreak'd with blue and green; and a
Belly half
hrte and half red, eight yellow Fins, and a broad Tail, with which it
fwims ex
ceding Iwifc. vviii^ cjs.

^lltll^Ar ^"'^ '^\'^"^'' " "gly S" Monfter, which bites a Man afun. ^^-
gdilcovcr three rows of Teeth. ^
.mZ '5J.'^i? ^wims generally the Rto-Fin,, or^ambos, which is fo
curioufly ?=-"=ckled, that Nature feems herein to excell what-ever can be reprefented
by the
^ " ^ artificial

37

zl M E 'K I C J.

Chap. XVIII.

The difc- very

The Mau'
iam-Ttee.

Jhe Corhary.

artificial Pencil) and move either fwifter or (lower, according as the

Shark leads.
The Brain of this Fifii is judg d exceeding good againft the Gravel and
Stone.
Guadalupe VJ^s firft difcoverM in the Year of our Lord 163 5. by the
French, under
the Command of the Lords Vu f lefts and Ve Ol'm, and after them one of
the Captains o( StXhrifto^hers : Since which the Champain Ground being Till'd
and Manured, brings forth in great plenty, Rice, Mai^, Manicock, and Potato's.
Father^^4>woH^S/^fogotpolTeirionofthe fruitfullefl part of the Ifland
for the
Reformed y^cofe5, ov White-Fryers, and fince the prefent Governor
Monfieur De

Bo-^ellkni alfo for the Je/uits and Carmelites, to build Cloyfters in a

new City, which
lies in ^ajfe^Terre, and which is alfo built full of Store^houfes and
Dwelling-houfes
two Stories high.
The Caftle, which lies near the City, hath four Bulwarks, with great
Guns.
The next neighboring Mountain is alfo crown'd with a Garrifon d Fort.
The Countrey hereabouts bears Mouhane -Txtcs, which produce yellow oval
Plumbs with great Stones, wherewith the Hogs are exceedingly fatncd.
The Corhary, which
Fruit, in
which lies a douny
the
Tree is hardned by
Cartbheeam
make ufe of it for

grows higher than the Uouhane, hath a hard flielly

Pulp of a Saffron colour : The Gum which drops out of
the Sun, and becomes very clear, wherefore the
Arm -rings, and other Ornaments.

S EC T. XVI.
Defeado.'

Situation of
Defeada,

IhtGitam.

Jhe ffigatts.

[The Fauves.

Ln Leagues to theKorthAVeft of Guadalupe, and at fixteen Degrees and ter

Minutes, appears Vefeado, or Vefirado, like a Galley, of which the
North.
Bail end hath a low Point; to the Northward lie Sand=Hills full ofrec
Veins : It was fo call'd by Chrifiofher Cohmhws in his fecond Voyage,
from obtain
ing of his Defire, it being the firft of the Carihhees which he
difcover'd, as St. Saha
dor the firft Land in all America,

The Soil is wholly barren, and deftitute of Trees, and breeds the
amphibioui
Creatures call'd Guano's, which in ftcad of Fins to fwim withal, have
four Feet ;
the biggeft of them are fifteen Inches long ; their Skin full of little
Scales fliine:
like Silver, and in the Night they make a loud and flirill noife from
the Holes ir
the Rocks.
On this defolate Ifland are an innumerable company of Fowls, call'd
Frigates
which have a Body like a Duck, but larger Wings, and flye fwifter ; fo
foon as the]
perceive a Fifii in the Water, they falling upon the fame, catch them in
their Claws
and efpecially devour abundance of flying FiOi.
But the Fauves, which are much leaner, are no way fo fwift ; they
refemble i
Moor-Hen, have Feet like Ducks, Bills like a Snipe, and in rainy Nights
reft or
the Ships in ftead of Rocks, fo that many times they become an eafie
prey to thi
Mariners.
Sect. XVlI.

Situation of
Mrigalttnte,

Marigalante.
Ot far from hence, at fifteen Degrees and forty Minutes, appears
Af^r/g^te^
like a Wood in the Water.
On the South-Eaft fide, about half a League from the Shore, lieblac
^ Ston

'

Chap. XVIIL ^ M E%^1 C A.

full of white Specks. Wefterly the Shore is very ohin ^:^,\^r^.^. \\. r^
S-db'.K rV rent ,on,e People fro chat liland, of which twenty wet
kill d by the M...,, ^vho had Gardens and Fift-ponds thereon : Not Ion,
af.
ter wh,ch a..// budt a Fort here and Garr.fon'd the fame with FW.men. ^
The Woods afford a del.ghtful fight to the Eye, as alfo the CinamonTrees
whole Leaves never wither, a fweetfmcll to the Nofc.
The Ocean hereabouts produces plenty of Ummtim, which are drv'd tik, H,
. ...
berdine. This F.fh grows eighteen Foot Lng and feven' th.ck , the He7d
th eo^ I '"
hke a Cows wrth l.ttle Eyes, and a thick brown Skin, rough and fpeckled
in fo J
places, and hath two httle Feet n ftead of Fins , it feeds on Weeds,
which .row on
the Rocks ad Banks jthe Fera es bring two young ones at a time, which
fuck fo'
fornedays; the.rFlefl, palatable and wholfom, is ftreak'd with Fat,
which when
melted never putrifies , they are oftner taken in the Mouthes of Rivers
than in the
Ocean. 4y ;. '^^^ lue
About this me as well as the reft of the Cmhlus, are Fiffies call'd
Sea.-D.V,U, T.e ......
four Foot long and proport.onably thick, their Skins rough, their Heads
flat the, *
Backs arm d w.th Prick es, little black Eyes, w.de Mouthes full of
Teeth, and two '
Tusks that ft,ck outof the fame, four Fins, a long Hit Tail, with which
they fwim
exceedmgfwrft above their Eyes ftick broad ftarp Horns turn d towards
the Backthe Flelh IS deadly poyfort. ; . ^
The S.., which is eight Foot long, f^llsupon a Fi(h like a mad Dog,
biting n,.
great preces of the Fled, out of the Body, which occafions prefent Death
-^ ts F efl!
IS Iskewiiepoyron. ,*waxicus

''$cnm.

Sec t. XVIIL

Todos Sanftos.
^dlkrln"" nMx'f ' ri'^ ^^' ^^"^ ^"^^^ ^^^^ ^-'^:^^^-^^> J- four s... .
dcioiace llles, call dIo^o5 ^mnos, and on their Shores a fort of ShellEfh call' 1 ""'^ ''"'"^^^
L^m^/i, from the refemblance of a Tongue- the Shells wh^renP rU 7 /
;rnnr^ ir. fl-^^J ^f U^ I i "&"'^ > ''^^ OHCilS WnCreOl: the
/W6//,W^ Carious fom
.ound m ftead of Horns when they g.ve an Alarm ; as alfo another fort
call'd ^or. ''"":eUn., of wh.ch the moft efteem'd are without of a Carnation, and within
of a
lver, or Sk^e-colotirmrx'd with Golden Beams. The next are the Bla'ck,
mix'd
v,th a pale Blue and lute Veins. But the moft remarkable Shells are
thofe whofe
iack Nature hath mark'dmfuch a manner with Mufical Notes, that on mi.
ilmoll exprefs a Tune by them. ^
Moreover, it would amaze the Beholder, to fee the Mother.of.Pearl Oyfter
mo. m. w
.ng t the Foot of a Rock ,for at the Rifing of the Sun they appear
above'che Wa. ^ '"'^
r, and gape for the Dew, of which they have no fooner receiv'd a Drop
but thev
:lofe their Shells, and fall to the Ground again. ^ op, bat they
Sect. XIX. sDe Aves. ' '

h=r r ff u ^f*^^-^" Ducks, Pluvers, Moor-hens, Geefe, and the like Fowls
hatfufferthemfelvestobecatch-dbytheHandsofMen, which are very ft^^ri

574-

AigTtttos.
Crarffevi

Jrrai.

Defcriptioii
of the Cani-

AMERICA. Chap. XVIII.

to them) there are here aUo many rare forts of Birds as the white Birds
call'd
Ammos, which are fomewhat bigger than Crows, with red B.lls and Feet,
and
curious Plumes on their Heads ; they often flye a great way off at Sea
Thelaree Bird call'd Tk Cra-^-fowl, which feeds on F.ili, hath a thick
Head a
long flat B^U, hollow Eyes, and a fliort Neck, under which hangs the
Maw, b,g
enough to contain a Pail full of Water : On the Trees along the Sea^fide
they
watch for Fifh which fwim near the top of the Water, and by their
attent.vcnefs on
their Prey, are eafilyfliotthemfelves. . , ^ , r
Here is likewife the Bird >.-, of the bignefs of a Pheafant, but more
refembling aParraquito: their long Tail confifts of divers colour'd Feathers,
fome
have fliining sky e=colour'd Heads, Backs, and Necks, their Bellies and
Wings of a
pale Yellow they arefo ftout, or rather fo fimple, that if they are not
hit with the
firft Shot, they will ftay for a fecond : They alfo learn to talk, but
not fo diftinaly as the C.m<i, which are no way inferior in beauty to the Mas,
nay exceed
them very much : Monfieur <J Montell above mention'd, feeing one at
Corajjao.Acfcribes it after this manner : -r i t.- j l
" It defcrves to be numbred (faith he) amongftthe moft beautiful Buds in
the
World : I took fo particular notice of xi, having had of them in my
Hands ma ny times, that I have the Idea's of it ftiU frelh in my Memory. Under
the Belly
Wings and Neck, it was of a waving ^KW^-colour, the Back, and one half
of
" the Wings, of a very bright Skye-colour, the Tail and greater Feathers
of the
" Wines were mix'd with a fparkling Carnation, diverfifi'd with a Skyecolour,

" as upon the Back a Grafs-green and fliining Black, which very much
added to
" the Gold and Azure of the other Plumage : But the moft beautiful part
was the
'< Head cover'd with a Murrey Doun, checquer'd with Green, -Yellow, and
a pale
"Blue which reach'd down wavingly to the Back : The Eye-lids were white,
"and the Apple oftbe Eye yellow and red as a Ruby Set in Go d : It had
upon
the Head a certain Tuft or Cap of Feathers of a Vermilion Red,
fparkling like a
" lighted Coal, which was encompafs'd by feveral other leffer Feathers
of a Pearl.
" colour. . ,
" If it were recommendable for all thefe extraordinary Ornaments, it was
much
" more for its Familiarity and Innocency ; for though it had a crooked
Beak, and
" that the Claws with which it held its Meat and brought it to its Beak,
were fo
' fliarp as to take away whatfoever it faftnedupon, yet was it fo tame
as to play
" with little Children and never hurt them;and when one took him into
his Hand
" he fo contrafted his Claws, that the fliarpnefs of them could not be
felt : He had
"this Quality of a Dog, That he would Lick with his fliort and thick
Tongue
" thofe who made much of him and gave him fomething he lik'd, put his
Head tc
" their Cheeks to Kifs and Carefs them, and exprefling his
Acknowledgments by
" a thoufand pretty Infinuatiohs, he would fuffer himfelf to be put into
what po.
"fture one would, and took a certain pleafure in diverting thofe he
thought hi;
" Friends : But as he was mild and traftable to thofe who were kind to
him, k
" was he mifchievous and irreconcileable tofuch as had injur'd him, and
he coulc
" diftinguifli them from others, and make them feel the fliarpnefs of
his Beat

" and Claws. iiaira"HepratledintheItcfc,S/Mmy7;,andJ<iwLanguagcs,andintheUfl:helungMr

" as a natural Iniim : He alfo imitated the Cries of all forts of
Poultrey and othe
"Creatures about the Houfe; he call'd all his Friends by their Names and
Sir
" names, flew to them as foon as he faw them, efpecially when he was
hungry ; :
" chev had been abfent, and that he had not feen them a long time, he
exprels

MHT'

Chap. XVIII. A M E%_1 C A.

" his joy at their return by certain merry Notes , when he had fported
himfelf till
"they were weary of him, he went away, and perch'd himfelf on the
tbpofthe
"Houfe, and there he talk'd, Tung, and play'd a choufand tricksjayin/his
Fea" thers m order, and dreffing and cleaning himfelf with his Beak. He was
eafily
" kept ; for not onely the Bread commonly us'd in that Illand, but all
the Fruits
" and Roots growing there, were his ordinary Food ; and when he had more
d
"ven him than he needed, he carefully laid up the remainder under the
Leaves
wherewith the Houfe was covet'd, and took ic when he had need. In a
word I
never faw a more loving or more amiable Bird ; 'twas a Prefent for any
Prince
" 'f '''/r T , " '''"''' ^" '''" ^"- This Bird had been brought from
" the C^nhk, Iflands to Monfieur i^odenbonk, then Governor of the Fort
and DMch
Colony, which is in the Ifland of Cor<j//4o.

375

Sect. XX.

l:-

ominico,

AT fifteen Degrees and thirteen Minutes, lies the Ifland Dominka, fo

call'd be. sin..rio<.f
caufe It was difcover'd on a Sunday, about thirty Leagues long, and not
"""""'
much lefs m breadth, and diverfifi'd with high Mountains, and exceeding
deep Valleys ; of which the Cariikeans that dwell there relate. That
formerly in
one ftf the deepeft of them, a huge and monftrous Serpent had an Army of
Serpents to defend an invaluable Carbuncle which he had in his Head - which
beine
cover'd with a thin Skin, was onely difcernable when he drank or p'lay'd
for then
the luftrethereoflightned the whole Valley. i J >
When firft the French approach'd this Coaft with their Ships, the
Iflanders eo.
ing Aboard ,n their Canoos, barter'd Provifions for Coral, Cryftal, and
other
J, nncSa '
On this Iflealfo grows the famous M..We-Tree, which bears long Leaves
'^^'^
and fweet fmelling Fruit, ftreak'd red, and tailing like z Hazle-Nut,
but brii^gina "" "" '
a deadly Sleep upon thofe that eat of it ; it feldom rots though it fall
into the Sea
or any frefli Rivers, but is crufted over with a Shell refembling Saltpetre, and poyfons the Water in fuch a manner, that all the Fifli dying, are feen
floating upon it
in the Trunk and Boughs thereof is a milky Juice, which dropping upon
the Body'
caufes It to break out in Scabs, and if it chances to touch the Eyes, it
takes away the
Sight for nine days : and not lefs hurtful is the Moifture which drops
from the
Tree. ^
The Caribkeam dip their Arrows in this poyfonous Juice, againft which
Nature
,hath provided an excellent Medicine, being as foUoweth :

_ There are amongft the other Reptiles of J^erica a fort of Snails,

which creep a m.,*.
no the Legs of dead Crabs, to keep themfelves from the Weather ; when
taken ^tT^.
they make a noife, and being laid before the Fire they come forth the
Water """'""'"
iqueez d out of them, or the Oyl drawn from them by the Sun, cures the
Parts
poyfon d by the 2Winc/;mi/=Tree. ' ^ "

JJ fi C T"

R*

37 <^

Situation of

The Ifland
diyided into
five Wards.

^ M E %^l C A.

Sect. XXI.

Martinico.

Chap. XVIIL

OPpofite to Dom'mico lies Uartimco, by the Indians nam'd Matunina, which

lying at fourteen Degrees and thirty Scruples, is forty five Leagues in
circumference ^ It appears at a diftance like three Mountains, the
higheft
whereof refembles a Hat, and is feen in all parts of the liland, which,
on the Korth
where three Rocks deny accefsfor Landing, feems to be divided into three
Ifles.
The Qarthheeans have been forc'd, after many bloody Battels, to
furrender up this
Ifland to the French : But before they were well fetled, the Caribheeans
marching
over exceeding high Mountains, deep Concavities,, and thick Woods, fell
upon
them with all the Rage imaginable : the Reafons of which fome attribute
to Vh
Tarquet, who in prejudice of the Uartinican Caribheeans ^ fent
French^mcn over to Granada and Alou^ta : others fuppofe, that they took up Arms to revenge the
Death of
their Countrey-men onSf. r<?jcet, who were deftroy'd by the French with
poyfon'd
Brandy. But the French furnifh'd with new Supplies, took fufficient
Revenge ^
for they drove tht Qar'tbbeeam out of their Houfes, and chac'd them into
Woods
and Deferts.
The Hills thatdre over-grown with Trees, ate Receptacles for tvild
Beafts,
efpecially Hogs and Serpents. The other Hills are Till'd and Sow'n,
though not
without great trouble.
The Tobacco which grows on the fteep Afcents much exceeds that which
grows
in the Valleys, or in the Trads of Land fliadcd with Trees.
Since the French, Anno 1635. (being fent from St, Chripphers by the Lord
De/namhuc) Setled themfelves on this Ifland, under the Command of his
Deputy Du.
font^ they divided it into five Wards, feparated from that part of the
Ifle which
was inhabited by the antient Natives : Each Ward hath a Church, or at
leaft a
Chappel, Armory, Store-houfes, and Dwelling-houfes, like an intirc
Village.
The firft Ward is called Tyloot, from a Caribbeean Captain, who was very
familiar
with T>u farquet, and informed him of his Peoples Defigns.

The fecond nam'd Capot, is wafh'd by a River of the fame Denomination,

and
hath many fruitful Plains.
The third retains the Caribbeean Name, being Carhet, fignifying a
Publick Struaure, to which they us'd to refortto Feaft, or hold Councils of War ;
not far from
which the Governor dwelt in a Stone Houfe : Near the Harbor flood alfo
an Armory in a Valley^water'dby a frefb River which falls out of the
Mountains,fliaded
with Treesand Gardens full of Rarities : But fince the Governor gave
this and
many other fair Buildings to the Je/uits, he remov'd to the fourth Ward,
call'd
St. feter, where he built a Caftle, and furniih'd the fame with Brafs
and Iron Guns
to defend the Harbor.
A Stones-throw from the Governor's Honfe lies the Jefuits Cloyfter, on
the
Banks ofapleafant Stream, built very artificially of Marble and Freeftone, and
having a pleafant Profped over the River, and adjacent Gardens,
beautified with
the choiceft of Flowers, Fruits, and Trees j and alio a Vineyard, out of
which they
prefs a confiderable quantity of Wine.
The laft Ward, called Treacheur^Qxtcnds Eaft and Weft, fome parts
whereof fwcll
into high Mountains, at the Feet whereof ftand &ir Scruaures ; others
fink, into
low Valleys or Sal^anna^^
Between

Chap. XVIII.

^ M E'R^l C A.

377

e Af.ihotTjee.

Between the French Settlements and the Canbheeans, runs an Arm of the
Sea, along -^^
whofe Shores grows abundance of the MahouTxct, which is full of Boughs
from "^^
the top down to the Ground. The BarkofthisTreelerves in (lead
ofRopes,and is
alfo us'd to tie up Tobacco j the Wood it felf is durable, and good for
Building
wherefore moft of the Houfes built oa Hills are of this Timber.''
The beft Harbor for Ships is between the Wards Carhet and St. Teter,
defended
from the Winds by high Hills.
Not far from the Inlet of the Salt-pits, appears about half a League off
at Sea, a ^he D.aRock caird77;eDw/oW, being a Receptacle for an innumerable multitude of
Birds "'"^*
and eipecially wild Pigeons. '
Be/Ides the Streams that in the rainy Seafons run through the Dales and
5^V4;z/y, there are ten Rivers, which falling from the Mountains, glide
through the
Valleys into the Sea. Sometimes they fwell in fuch a manner, that overflowing
their Banks, they wafli down the Trees and Houfes . which Inconvenience
hath
caught the French to build their Houfes on Hills or rifing Grounds.
.- The good Situation of this Ifland hath invited many Families thither
Sect. XXIL
ot", JL/llClcl
ST. Lucia (by the French, Jlou^k) is fo call'd becaufe it was difcover'd
on the suatioof
thirteenth o[ December, Dedicated in the Kalendar to the Virgin Martyr
Lucia ^'" ^''''"
who was burnt at Sjracufe : It lies Southerly from Dominico at thirteen
De'
^recs and forty Minute-s, and is ken'd at a great diftance by two fiery
Mountains ^
chemofl: Eafterly of which is higher than the other. '
At the Feet of thefe two Mountains lie pleafant Valleys, fliadow'd by
clofe
Woods, and moitlned by clear Springs j near which heretofore a fmall
number of
Carihheeans dwelling, maintained themfelves with Fifhing j they went
Hark naked
ind painted their Bodies with red Oker, and drew a Vermilion Stroke from

their
Ears to their Nofes. ~
An Englifi Ship fent to Guinee to fupply the Plantations there, Landed
fixty fix
mutinous Pcrfons here, who were all kiU'd by the Inhabitants j but when
Henry
facohfon Lucifer putting into the Bay of Lucia to Water there, Jnno
1617. Landed^to
difcovcr the Ifland, he found neither Man nor Houfe, nor any thing but a
barren
Soil J yet notwithftanding Du far^uet fent his Deputy (lioflan with a
Colony to
Plant in this Ifland. ^

Sect. XXIII.
Barbados.
T lie mznd Barbados, which was Planted by the %/i/7?, Jnno 1617. lies
be.sitH.tfcn
tween thirteen and fourteen Degrees, and hath twenty five Leagues in
'"''"*
circumference,and fomewhat more in length than breadth,and is fu^jpl/d
^ith a frefli, Water River, and feveral Pools. The Ground being fruitful
in the
Koducing of Tobacco, Cotton, Ginger, and efpecially Sugar, invited many
Peo.
)le to Settle there, infomuch that in a (Iiort time it could fliew
twenty thoufand
nhabitantsbefides Ne^ro Slaves.
The Trees which grow on this Ifland, are not onely delightful, but
profitable 5
amongft

of

The Fly Ca

5^3 , AMERICA. Chap. XVIII.

amongft which the (2(pf^cow is one, with fharp Leaves, vn/hite Carnation
Flowers
like Stars, which hang by Clufters at the end of the Boughs, and after a
while turn
to a Cod full of vermilion Kernels : The Juice dryM in the Sun and
kneaded into

Balls, is of a great value. Of the Bark of this Tree they make ftrong
Ropes 5 and
the Root is very wholfom, and of a pleafant tafte.
Moreover, amongft the Infeds that breed here, there arc a fort of Flyes
worthy
of a fliort Defcription ; the Carihheeans call them Cayoujou, being
about the bignefs
of a Beetle j they have two ftrong Wings, and under them thinner, which
they never fpread abroad but when they flye, and then they carry fuch aluftre
in them,
that they give as much Light in the Night as a lighted Candle, (their
Eyes alfo
at the fame time glittering like Fire) making no noife when they flye ;
they
ked on the Juice of Flowers, and are fo fraooth, that they are very apt
to flipthrough ones Fingers, and when they find themfelves to be taken, they
hide their
glittering Wings under the other.
The Indiajis tie thefe Flies to their Hands and Feet, fo to have the
benefit of their
Light in the Night ; and anoint their Bodies all over (at certain
Solemnities where*
in Candles are forbidden) with the Juice fqueez'd out of them, which
caufes them
to fliine like a Flame of Fire : They catch them with a piece of Wood
which they
move in the Air, whereupon the Flyes going to fit, are taken with a
Hat ; but their
Lighc vanifhes if they arc kill'd.
But as to what may farther be added concerning this Ifland, being one of
the
chief of our Plantations, we cannot better fatisfiethe curiofity ofthofe
who defire a
true Information of all things that concern that Place, than by inkn'm^verhatim a
Letter from an intelligent Perfon who hath been long refident there,
Vi;^. Colonel
(^hert ^chj of no older Date than May 31. 1670. by which the prefent
State and
Condition of the Ifland, the Buildings and other Improvements made there
by the
Planters fince they firft poflefs'd it, in what Commodities of the
Growth ^f the
Countrey their chief Trade confifts, their Strength, Militia^
Government, and flou
rifhing Commerce, and what-ever elfe is material to be imparted, may be
clearly
underftood.

Colohel EJch

his Defcription of the

Fiaybados.

SIR,
I Have lately fern your Propofal concerning an Englifh Atlas, and haVing
read Dr. Heylin'^ ^Qok of the Chorography and Hifiory of the ivhok World^ his third
Edition Qrrefied
and Enlarged, f rinted Anno 1666. I find him Very fmt and erroneous in
his Defcription of
the CsLx'^hcc Iflands, cfpccially of this Ifland of Ba,ih^dos, ti>herein
1 have been an Inhabi
tant more than eleven years. He faith y
1. The Ifland is feventeen or eighteen Miles in compafs.
2. On the South 'tis furnifliM with a large and commodious Harbor.
3. The chief Commodities are Tobacco, and a kind of courfe Sugar, call'd
Barbados Sugar, which muft be quickly fpent, or 'twill melt to nothing.
4. That this Ifland is worth all the Plantations made by the EngliJJ?,
and yet that
we hold it at the Courtefie of the Spaniard, without whofe Leave and
Liking,
not of Force to hold it.
This Defcription of Dr. Heylin'i, in it felf M^ry falfe , is alfo much
to the Difmior of the
Englifli Kation, which makes me prefume to trouble you with my ot^n
Ohferyations, wherein haying onely ainid at the Truth, you pall not haVe caufeto doubt of being
7nif guided.
This IjUnd o/Barbados is feated in thirteen Degrees and tlveyity
Minutes, in length twenty
two Miles, and in breadth fourteen and an half -^ It is naturally
fortifi'd with %pcks and Shoals
on the North and Eafl fide of it, ivhere no Ship may fafely Anchor,
onely in tiy>o or three places
"" ^ "~ ^ '" J mall

Chap. XVill. , AMERICA

[mall ^oatsmaj go out cind into Fiflj, On thp "^nutU -p.n. i nr n , - '
nepnapal<loadorS.yls c.'J Cariifle Bay, and l.th on the South-mji p.
of the

neraUyMo-,,n,^Eafierly .hence U ,s that .. caU the Eajl />.m

Windward/I/r/ S
r: Tm . ^"^ '",t ''^ *^/^^"> ^"'^^^ ' i'^ A-W> .ie B . ge Town
to o* St. M.chaeh, and hav.n. t^o Forts, anf.ering each other, an a mZ
ItZen'
.^ t, ft.,d,n^o,, Nedharas Pent, lyin^ out in the Sea to W.ndJdofthe ^ay
and To, l
a an Ene.ny keep.n, out of Q.^and of this Fort, cannot iprohaMy)con,e
todothe Shis or
ilr '"'7'/" \ rf """^''" '" '' '^"'"fl ''" ^""'- ^ Fort .s iuik flrl
mh Stone and Lme, the Tlatforn, joyns to the W.nd.ard part of the To^n .
alfotheoZ
:ortpy,.totheUjrdfartoftheTo.,all-.h,ch are Jell foitif d and JlorZi tt
,uns. 'll-'ro'nconfiftsoffe,eralStreetsandLanesM,n^aho^^^^
" rL r '^ . 7"^"\ '"' '''^' ^'''^'"'ZsMenofthe Joft are of Stof. W S
-^l-fi^ond^oad and To.n. lately call-dCh.rhs.To^nJuuate on Oyacrs.B.y
and
.s aio.,tt.o Leagues to Wmd-^ard of St. Michaels, ha.in^ Jfi t.o Forts
aid ,. IZfoZ.
etj,oFortspdtheonetomnJ.ard, and the other to iLid of the To^n and SZd
'flafr..nthen,UMeaU^ J Mou.Z^To^: ::^,
y^p^\^f-^forSh,fp,ns,yetherearenanyconfU^^^^^^
The thrd %oad and To.n .s lately calVd St. James's, formerly the
Hall, .^ U about t^o
.^^.^ Je W /St.Michaels, W, oea4 P/^^^^^^^
f d..th^reafl.,jorks, and atou^hfe. Sh.ps conu to ^de L, 'yet in this
Toin is JaL
un d a,reat Trade W, the Inhabitants adjacent , here alfo is kept
Monethly the Court of Comnon-Pleas /or this TrecmB, j ^ j ^' ^} v>uui
Tie/..fA %oad and Tom is lately caWd Little Briftol, hut formerly
Sprights.Bay '
'^-^>ff^:'hrU^&uestoU^^^^^
rongbH,fid To thn ?W come many Ships, effecially from the Cty
o/Bdftol, the ilnl
l^ifland ' " W'/-.m^...yZ(PW/5i,;,,;i. Michaels Li!
This Ijland is divided ,nto eleven Tarijhes, and hath in it fourteen
Churches and Chappels
. bpfubdMntodrnrs Jlantat,ons, /mall and ^reat, hath Su^ar.^orks
accordll/,
'It. 7^ '^''f'^:^' r'' "f^''"' ""^ "^^''*^ Mch.enerally a>e plea/ant
luL
mons and deb^htfuly fuuated, mojl h^.ngfleafant ?ro/peas to the Sea and

Land.
The Inhabnants oftUsIJland are Englift, Scotch, and Irifl,, and fo,ne,
hut Very fe> of
;e Dutch .^ French Kat.on, -^ho formerly UVd here a time of SeryituJe,
and nou, diell as
rce-uenfome by their Trades, and others on Plantations ., alfo fomefen.
Jews l,Ve here and
7M^r)'r 'r<s;^'-y'-/-^%./-^ ^^a*. Muia .
. s.^ Negro s u,lnch are here kept, and accounted for Slaves, the
number of U,ch fome year s
^tXS::!^^" '" ''^"'' '''"^"'' '^'^"'"' ''^- ^-'^ '-'J-' ^^^-. -^
Thefianding Militia o/,fe I^nd that are in readineJ?to meet together on
all occaflons and
!/ fV'"" 7 "^T'^ ^^"^'f"'-d, confijl oft^o ^e^iments of Horfe, anhve
e^ments of Foot, Uere,n federal Companies have near tm hundred in a
Company ^.d in Le
oopsjnore than a hundred Horfe in a Troop, by all Mch you may eafdy
apprehend ho Juttle
truth here is.n that Say.^, That we hold this Idand at the Coufte Je of
the Spaniis,^vhen tho/efew Englift , Jamaica ^iv. the Spaniards/.4 mrk todefend
them/ehes.
- The

^fr^^^

580

,J M E%1 C A. Chap. XVill.

V,^ G,omh and T^lan^aUun of Ms Ifland and f.rts .d].cm, h Sugars of all
forts, viz.
rSo GJs,nd,coJulConon.mol ., ./> Tokao, L.,^.l>.oJ,Fuft>ck, ... .
W,.ito,
i L um-vicx : Of thefefour lafl heretofore much, but no., no ^uanUt.s to
he had ,n t.s
m^P'^X'o^heUeJardirLfiori. Jhe firfl four ,nent.nd Co>n,nod.t.es
reuyrejud..
; i- frdun by ahundante of ^a.s or droughts not ha^m ' ^-f^; ^^f " f

lunt..dslod,t^^^^^^
t^Lcrofs ofCorninayear, flanted ufually .hen ''- ^l^"" ^/ "- , ,n
M.yand
ioLLM.ssather'd ,n about Oftober, and ,n March and ^^n\ folio., ng.
W.nes
Tall forts re here Lnported, te o/Portuguefe and irMe greateft quanta.es
..z.
/uiL.nf.ardsififteenhundrcdrunyearly.,ofS^..^^^^^^^
{rtn .r.L, pW o//e hundred Tun , befides Brandy and Enghft S,,rns but
of
lelaZno. great .ulLs ported orf.ent, by reafon of the general uje of the
Sp.nt of
tia fane call'dK.L, Mch the n^eaner fort, a. Ser^. ants and Slaves,
ionotonelyirtnk
S^ilndanee, but Ua,fo U hen. tranf^orted .to V'^f J' f;;! f^^^^^
F n.land Here is alfo Imported great ftore of <?roy,fms of all forts,
^iz. heef Tork,
Sic /.IrelJ, New-England, Virginia, Bermudas^ New.fo^^
Me Flour, Butter, Cheefe, and B.s^uet ., Uke.ifcT.mber, Boars <P,pead
Hogfhead
iJestc.alfo\icoro-Slayi
^:Xi cfpe de Ve/d Ifland, Kew-England , and /".^ England, S^r.anU,
"l!lLco.n.oiLfor.flantatms,andforAmrel, of all ..huh great quantttns are
""^!''^i^Les to Trade to this Ifland belongs generaUy .England .,
fo.efe.
VeZZ Unbunt, and pafi to and fro to the Ue.ard Iflands , and fojne
belong to NewEngUnd, Bcn^udas, Jc! The number of Vejfels ^h.eh come Uther toTr.e.n
one year u
l.!d upnfearch to be about t.o hundred of aU forts, (fo,ne years
more,fon.e le^as K^'ches
Soops BaLes, ^c. contanung m Burthen fifteen thoufandfye hundred and f.e
Tun, accord^
Z'tL Lehere Entred, Lh Is at the kafl a tlnrdfart lefl than the, true
Burthen, by
rtfon eiy Ship pays one pound of ToUer per 7.n, the means ord.nd by ths
Country for
In. theMagai.ne ; the greatefl part ofU.ch SUps re-load .uh Sugars for
England W
i y^ofor NeiEngland, Bermudas, Virginia, Tangier, ore. not al.ays full
loaen
lithi! Countreys oLth. The ufual ^ate for Tnnnage romence .London . /,
/l to ^ 1 per Tun fometime when Slnps are Very plentiful, ,t >s at 3
1. and. lefi, and at
iLtJsJnfcarcelfro. 61. to 7 X. ,n.thelateWar .tth the liu^cK^f^as at ^o.
.
and 12 L per lun. . ,

The Government is Conflkutei by the La-^s of England, and Lal^s not

repugnant to then,,
onelyfome particular Lam are here made, proper for tUsflace, by the
Governor (or Deputy) an
Zuuncl (-.Inch nfually are from feVen to twelve .n number) and an
Jffembly that conffis cj
tmnty tt'o ferfons, chojen by the Free-holder f, tSfO out of every
Tar,Jh.
Sect. XXIV.
Sr. Vincent.

Situation of p"
St. Vi nccm.

I-^He Ifland of Sf. Vmcent, South-Weft from St. Lucia, and having fieen
De
areesof North-Ladtude, was fo call'd by the Spamards, as hav.ng d.Ico
ver'd it on that Saint's Day, .being the fifth of ^^i/ : It is accounted
e.gh
Leagues long and fix bro^ and nfesroundabout with high Grounds and feven
^"ountains, which are feen at a great diftance.

"*r.

^'

r-

The Fruit
Memen.

The Grand'
dilia.

Chap. XVIII. iA M E 'K^I C Jl. ,8,

This Ifland hath a very fruitful So.l, and for the bignef. of it hath
been long
fince we peopled ^nhCaMee.ns before the arrival of the %iW.,poireffinc.
here
feveral V.llages, to_ whom they are ftili fworn Enemies, but Truck'd
with the
BolUnden for Provd.ons, Horns, Axes, Knives, and other Trifles. At the
Weft and
South iides are convenient Bays to lie at Anchor and take Water in
The Inhabitants highly eftcem the Momen, growing to the bignefs of an
Applerree j the Fru.t wh.ch it bears refembles a green Cucumber, and is of a
pleafant
fuice the Skm always green and prickly; the Seed which is in the fame
about the
Mgnefs of a Wench Bean, is generally black, and ftreak'd with Goldencolour'd
^eins. ^
Here is alfo that Plant mencion'd elfewhere. by the Sp.mard call'd
Cr.nad.Ua, by
he mch <^,ang.4pk, and La Fkur de la Tafion by the French ., and it is
fo call'd as
,e:ng fancied to -prefent the thorny Crown of our Say.our, together with
'the
.rofs, Nails Hammer and Pillar ; the Plant runs along the Ground, unlefs
it meet
7ich a Pole by which ic runs up.
' - ' , -_
Sect. XXV.
Bekia,
yrOt far from S.. ?^, lies the Illand Sekia, which reckons twelves
Leagues s..
^ ^ in circumference, and lies twelve Degrees and twelve Scruples of
Nor- ""'"
thern Latitude : It hath a fecure Harbor againft all Winds , but becaufe
.s without frefh Water .s is onely frequented by the Cariikeans that
dwell on
. Fmcent,who cdrne hither to Fifi,,and vifit certain little Gardens
which they have
ere tor their pleafure. / '"vv.
The Soil produces ftore of Water-melons, whofe red juicy Pulp yields,
when
ueez d, a great quantity of fweet Liquor, which is very refrefliing, and
good o

Sighiul fmeTr ' ' ^'''"'' """'"^'^ '' '^' '"^ ^'^' Leaves,^afford a
Jmo 1 633 Captain >J Johnfon Van Boom putting in to ^ekk to catch
Tortoifes '
Id ' .fp r " f '''\ '"? ^^'"""'^ ^ ^^'^^ f ^-ks. Cotton grwS
dd in he Fields and upon the Shore a kind of Snails call'd 4, de^r
whol
ft Shell appear'd another ofa Silver colour with black Specks.
S E C T. XXVI.
Granada.
<^naJ., lying at twelve Degrees and fixteen Scruples,!ikeaHalf.moo,from
-..o. ^
the North to the South, is full of Woods. Towards the South-Weft ru^s
""""'
a frefli R.ver into the Sea. The Shore very low affords good Anchorage
twelve Leagues d.ftance. The Current grows exceeding ftronl here d L
uer alfo ebbs and flows in a few hours. %M S,.onfJ r,>,4 SaHin, frl
Hither 2) ^^--^e. at his own Charge fent three hundred Men from
Martinico ^He r,.
. fcuffled with the Inhabitants fix Moneths before they could poffefs
the W in ''''' "
; e wodd'be ; V'""'' '' " ''^' ''" '^ '^'l-S ''' '- ''^^ 'he French
rt n 7\ ,^ ^ l,'J^"geous unto them againft the Jroyans.
rhe Duke Seryllac m Taris inform'd of the Fertility of this I.land,
bought it
Oo of
m

I. t

French

Situation of

^g;^ A M E'R^I C A. Chap. XVlll

of Vu Parquet for a confiderablc Sum of Money : And inded Granada is
none of th<
meaneft of the (}iri^kej, the Soil producing very good both Fruit and
Timber:
Trees, amongft which is the Latine^TtcQ, of a tall Body, but ordinary
thicknefs, and
in ftead of Boughs, hang Leaves like Fans in long Stalks, which being
ty'd togc^
ther, ferve for Roofs of Houfes.
There is alfo the Tree Cocoa, which yet grows not fo high here as in
other parts
of the Wejl'lndies,
Sect. XXVII.
Tabago.
He next which comes in view is Tahago, (fo call'd, as fome think, from
th(
quantity of that Drug there Planted) eight Leagues long and four broad
lying in the eleventh Degree and fixteen Minutes oi Northern Latitude
and hath many high Mountains full of Wood, out of which glide eighteen
Streams
which watering the Plains fall into the Sea.
Captain Fitgeeft coming to an Anchor here, found a convenient Inlet on
th(
Eall and frefli Water to fill his Casks. Half a League from the Shore
rife fivi

Rocks, through which he Sail'd with his Ships. Within the Cliff opens a
Bay, in
to which runs a River well ftor'd with Fifli. More Wefterly lies a
larger Inlet
which receives two delightful Streams. From the Wcftern Promontory runs
alfo ;
Cliff Northward into the Sea.
This Ifland is cafily known by high Coafts which rife on the Eafl: fide,
and fi
grows lower by degrees. It is likewife made pleafant by many Walks of
Trees.
The Sea produces abundance of thofe forts of Fifli which are common
amongf
us, befides Tortoifes, that lay their Eggs in the Sand.
The Cra-fifh thereabouts are not much unlike Lobfl:ers, have white and
wel
tafted Flefh, but hard to digefl ; they catch them in the Night on fandy
Shelve
with lighted Torches.
The Crabs get their Food very wonderfully here j for when they obferve
th
Musfles or Oyftcrs to Gape for frefh Air, they put Stones between their
Shells, fi
that they not being able to fhut them, they pull out the Fifh with their
Claws.
The Woods feed an innumerable company of Beafts fomewhat refemblinj
Hogs, (whofe Navels are on their Backs) 0^ajJiims,Jayam9y2,ndTat9tPSy as
alfo thi
^ooutys's and Mush%ats.
T\\tJ?QUtys's are of a dark brown colour, and have little Tails, two
Teeth ii
their upper, and as many in their lower Jaw j they make a noife as if
they fpoke
crying Couye -^ if hunted by Dogs, they run into hollow Trees, out of
which the;
are routed by Smoak.
The great Uusk-%ats are as big as a Rabbet, and like them live in Holes
made ir
the Ground, but refemble an European Rat, onely their Skins are black,
except on^
partof their Bellies which are white; they fmell fo fl:rong of Musk,
that it over
comes thofe that carry them.
Amongft the Brambles breed alfo Serpents of a green colour, two yards
long
and an Inch thick, feeding on Locufts and Birds, which they take in
their Nefts
but do no hurt to Mankind.
Thes^pfras But Toba^o boafts chiefly of the Sajfafras'T^reCj which

refembles the Pine=Trc

hath a firm and ftreight Body, and on the top Boughs fpread like a
Crown, tb
Bark of a dark colour and fmooth,and fmelling very fweetjthe Leaves
thin,notch'c
an

Cra-fifh.

Crabs,

A^eutjs

Musk-Rats.

Scrp:nts.

Chap, xviir.

A ME%^IC A.

38?

.f Breath occafion-d by Cold!. ^ ' ^^^'''^' ""'^ ^"^^

The Tobacco, by the Cmhkz.ns call'd /-<>/;, Planted amon,T the Fm;. t
;rows very plentifullv here > n,,. e '"""=" ^"g tnc tniit-TreeSj
: thick St Jik, 7S^olL o^AZ ? T ' "^""^y ^^' '''"" f "ft^. ^-^
ndbearsakndo ViSeTpoTer whthwK ^^at Leaves, woolly underneath.
ull of black Seed . I^d o ~ rhe ove " ' ' T '""l"'''' ''^ '''^ ^ods

he main Stalk. ' ^ ' " over-grow:ng of it, they cut ofF the top of
The Bird Co/i%, which is exceeding beautiful makes hi, M^ft j v'^
lacco-Leaves. ^ ' " "'* ^^'^ "O'^" tlie To- J^J^^^m
A companyof Townfmen of ffk/ffoj-^M h^vin , /- r , ^
iniu, P.W.,fet a Colony to T. ^ but Z^^ "l^ '7!,' ''^
.ere for the moft part deftro'y'd by thf qJ^. the feft wea ^ fiS f " '"
'
be ame Entertainment, foughtto favethemfelve's ^that the Xnd^' T
nerly been frequented but by the French fr.JZ' , ^^' "' ^^, ^ "ui uy ine rrench tiom Manimco, and Cuaiduh^ f, r
>me time came over onelv to carrh Tr.U, j r '^"iMiu^e, who for
xi,r ;; , " 7 ^"'""*"'^^'"''"^there.
1 tie (^anWfMwalfo either in their Marrh a<Tair.(1. , u r
-ded here for neceifary Provifion B of 1 f t'h LodL 'T^'I tT^'''
Untation in this defolate Idand. ' ^'""^^'" ''"''^ ^''^'^ *

t:
ji

Sect. XXIL
St. Chriftophers,'
PP a Oiant a,/<,^W, who ,s reported to have carry 'd our

Th; Divifion
of the Ifland
into f-vcral
Wards,/

g a M E "KI C J. Chap. XVIIL

Saviour in the appearance of a Utile Child on his Shoulders through a

deep Sea. .^
This inand lying feventeen Degrees and twenty five Minutes Northward of
the
Eqiiinomal Line, hath twenty five Leagues in circumference. : ^
The Soil light and fandy, refufes not the produdion of divers forts of
Fruits
common amongft us. r i- i en
In the middle of the Ifiand rifcs a high Mountain, out of which run
frefii
Streams, that fometimes fwell fo high with fudden Rains, that they drown
all the
Countrey near them. /, i r- i- j j
This iQand being jointly the Plantation of both EngUjh and French, was
divided
into four Wards, two whereof have been long fincein poiTeifion of the
French, and
the other tWo in poflefTioa of the Engltjh, ftrangely divided one from
another for
the EuTliih in one Ward cannot go to the other without troubling the
French ; and
fo on the contrary : the Englip^ have more Rivers and People,the French
more plain
Land fitter for Cultivation, and Forts furnifh'd with Guns and Soldiers.
At the
Entrances of the Paths which lead into the feveral Wards fland Watchhoufes,
where Sentinels, or Watch-men ftand daily in their turns.
In a Bay of the Sea they found a brave Salt-pit, from whence a Tandy
Cliff runs
fo far into the Ocean, a that fome have fwum from the end thereof over
to the
Ifland KeVis. , , n , t i i tA Silver Mine hath been long fince difcovcr'd on this Ifland, in which
the Eng^
lish and French claim equal Intereft, but neither Party make any benefit
of it for
want of Miners.
The high Mountains, the Springs of boyling fulphurous Water, and brambly
Woods hinder all pafl'age through the middle of the Ifland : The Ground
runs
more and more floaping to the Sea-fide, and is divided into feveral
High-ways,
along which ftand convenient Houfes, covered with red or glaz'd Slate,
(haded
with Trees, and environ^ with pleafant Gardens, to which there is a

delightful
Profpea from the Fields, of the green Tobacco-Leaves, the yellow SugarCanes,
Ginger, and Potato's.
Bfffidesthefcatter'd Buildings, the FmicUave built a compleat To'wn near
the
convenienteft Harbor of their Quarter, called ^aJfe-Terre, where the
Merchants
t'::r'' dwell in fair Houfes built of Brick and Free-ftone ; whither all
forts of People
bring their Commodities, and Truck their European Goods for fuch as St.
Chriftophers produceth. All manner of Trades and Handicrafts live alfo in this
Town,
and a Court of Judicature is kept every Week. Tde Church built of Freeftone, is
coverM with the aforefaid red Slate, and was formerly Govern d by the
Capuchms ;
but they being difmifs'd Jnno 1646. the Government was given to the
Jefmts and
Carmelttes who alfo built themfel'ves other ftately Edifices : but the
Jefuit Hemich
du VtVier was the firft whobore the chiefeft Command over all.
The Sick that have not fufficient Means to maintain them, have an
Hofpital appointed, where all Necefl-aries are provided for them 5 and to which is
added a
School for the bringing up of poor Children.
But the chiefeft Strudure is the Caftle, on the building whereof the
Lord Forney
fparM no Coft it is built half a French Mile from the Sea at the Foot
of a higl
Mountain, iliadowed with great Trees. In the Way thither ftand the
Houfes o
the prime Officers jand a long Walk of Orange and Lemmon-Tiees leads co
a larg^
Courtbeforethe Front of the Caftle it felf, which is built fquare with
Bricks anc
Free=ftone three Stories high - and the Entrance into it is afcended by
a large pai
of Stairs . near the Gate which opens to the Weft, ftand great Stone
Cifterns, int.
which they receive the Water through Pipes laid under Ground j the
Chamber
^ an

the chief
Town be-

Defcription
oi the Caftle

'^

mr

Chap. XVIII. <iA M E %_^I C A. ,gj

Halls are very liglufom aad high, and the Walls of rhem adorn'd wich
Cedar . a fiat '
Terrace on che top y .eldsa pleafanc Profped all over the Countrey , the
Window
mte Front look open not onely upon the Orange Walk, but .lib upon
feveraldl
lighttul Plantations of Sugar-canes and Ginger. Weftward appear feveral Mountains, whofe high Heads are inverted with
everflour,n.u,g 1 .ees and ecween che Palace and thofe Mountains . very la
ge Ind '
ftately Garden full of all rnanner of Flowers and other delightful
PlJnts, a wdl
thofe comrr,only known anjongft us, as thofe peculiar to that'part of
the WorTd
m the m,ddle thereof ftands a Founta.n, deriving its Source from the
Foot of.
neighboring Hill. ^ ^
The Winds which blow from the HUIs. and efpecially thofe cool Blafts
daily
commg out of the Eaft, fo tempers the hot CHmate, that it becomes very
t'
When any News arrives here of the Fm,c/;Conquefts in Europe, they found
the
Trumpets on the top of the Caftle, and the Standards and Enfign forLcrlv
taken
by the Governor in the Field, arc hung out of the Windows. '""')' "l^^"
r Tu n^ "' 'f'^'''^ ^^ """" ^"*'"^- ' ^he Governor, and is call'!
T: U r^'Vu Y^'""^' ^' ^"^^ ^^""-"^ Servants areb ilt of Br k
.bout the Caflle, wh.ch is fortifi'd with five Sconces, whereon are
planted fS
>J till 5 .
The Governor keeps nine hundred Slaves, and a hundred FmW,.men, to work
a hts thre Sugar-Mil s, to till his Ground, and for his Houftold-Servicl
Several F.../, Gentlemen have alfo bu.lt many fair Houfes here ;

amongft which
e chiefeft are thofe on which <Poucy, Tre.al, .., Cr.nd, AuL, de U
Z^
?K f ",';., r ^^^""""^ '"'' ^' '" ^"'" 'P^"^ '"^ ^"-^ of Mone;. '
The &^/V7; alfo are not much inferior to them in their Counties.
Theu Churches are five in all , firft on the Point of the 'Palm-Tm
ftands a fair ne.^.
; the 1 ' 1 % "T u ^" n ^^'''b^^- ^^^ E"l-I> Governor's Houfe . a
hfrd '?=,.
the5W^1^o,. which are all well built, and large enough for a
confi'derable
-ongregation , the other two atthe Inlet Cayoune are ftort of the three
fiTftTh
iniftersthereofrece.v'd formerly their Benefices from the Bifi,op of
C^^^^^^^^
I Qron^M s time from the Tryers, as they were call'd , but of late,
fince the kS
xftauration, from the Bifliop of Crf<.ri._y again. "cetne Kings
The bell Houfes belonging to the ^to/; were built by Mr.r...r Mr
(2?,VA
ir FV.W, and Col. Geffnyfcn all fucceillvely Governors of thVplTre ' ^ '
ng the French, and T/..^ r.. ,hegfo/.) Landed on this Idand of Sc.
rhrlfto. ^^^^
rill ' """" "; '''''" '*"= ^'"^^'"""' P"'"^^'^^'^ t,y their %.^ to
deftroy all
: ffon'loZ' "? "^ " ^7% '" ''^y "" ^-^'^ '"-^ Enter^inment, ;
r wS fru \"^'' '"'' y'^"^'' P"""^'""" ' ^''^ Afl-ailants ; Not long af.
foTm thdfr "f Y""" "^"^ ^'""^ "^ ^ ^-"' -'l 'he other to Lon^ L
hich mth ot""^' of the Condition oiSt. Chnfto.hers, and to raife a
Comoany
tLZti:r' ^'; '^ri ''' = ^^^ ^"^--'^ '>- Denres, ad had freft
nd do,5 Zt ' ^^ ^''"S^ *'^^''^ ^'^^ ^^%"' '" S"d of the .cod
prev n i; Co ^"\ ' ^ ^^'^ ^'" ^""'"^ S Undertakers thither : ^nd
ffide b t Hu" t """^ r"" f ^"^''"* ^"^ ^^^"^'^' "-y -^<J^ Boundaries
on .
e w r to rfm! '"^' "^''"''"'^'""' ^^^" ^^ Wainfcoting, and the
.nraZ n ^'^I 'VV"" ' """^ ""^^ wastoaiEft the other. The En.Ush
nration increafed daily more than the f..W>, h.ving, eonfent Supplies
from-'th.
^^ J , Company

AMERICA. Chap. XVIII.

Company in Union ., when as on the contrary.the Merchants at Tarn grew
weary,
being defirous firft to have a Return for what they had already fpent,
though the
Countrev was not yet Manur'd : wherefore Ufnambuc going th.ther
hinrfelf, made
the Cortrpany underhand that they could not poffibly exped to receive a
Return,
unlefs the Countrey were Planted with Tobacco, Indigo, Ginger, and
Sugar,
which requir'd both Time and People. But whilft the Bufinefs feem d to
go on
profperoufly, a great Accident hapned which threw down the Work to
nothing :
for the S.msh King fet out a Fleet within the fore.mention'd Year, of
one and
thirty GaUions, three Galeaffes, and four Pinnaces,withfeventy five
hundred Men,
under the Command oih-derkkde Jokdo, Emanuel de Minefa , and
JohnFajardo, from
Cad,z when before the Ifland St. Jago there lay at the fame time
twenty two <?muouefe Galleys, fourteen Carvils, carryingfour thoufand Men, Commanded by
Jnto-^
1oH.unne^ Sarreh, and Fmtcifco de Alme.da, who joyning with the
S^<,<..dj took
the City St. Salvador, and went about wholly to chafe out of the CarMee
Ifles all
the EnJush and French: in which Attempt nine E^&i Ships lying before
^.W,
were a!l taken by Toledo, who Sail'd within Cannon.fhot of St
Clmjiofhers, Com.
tnanded at that time by the French Captain ^ojfey, the Forts caft up by
the Enghjh
and French not being ftor'd with Provifions nor Ammunition, and
confequently no
' way able to endure a Siege, and the lefs, becaufe the Works were not
quite finifh d ;
neverthelefs Defnamhuc immediately drew up his Soldiers to the Low-land,
vvhere
he lay Intrench'd along the Coaft, to prevent the Enemies Landing; but
Q^oJJey
fufFer'd the Sp.M<<i. to Land without the lead Refiftance : whereupon
young 2)
far^uet Sallying out of the Sconces, fell valiantly upon the firft
Company, but being forfaken by his Men, was run down by the Multitude and kil 'd ; In

the mean
time all their Sloops full of Men Landed, infomuch that O^o/^ fearing to
be fur.
rounded, left his Trench and went up into the High-lands, whereby the
Spamards
became Matters of the Fort, but did not purfue their ViAory as fufpeaing
that the
French might lie in Ambufcade in the next Wood ; and indeed they
lufpeded not m
vain, for the Fc/; having undermin'd their Forts, had laid Gun-powder
in fome
of the Cellars, which firing, blew up very many of the Spaniards, whilft
liefnambuc
Embarquing himfelf, fav'd thofe which were not flain by the Enemy s
Sword.
Mean while thcEngtijh relying on the League between the King of England
^nd the
Spaniard, made no Refiftance, (notwithftanding they were inform d that
Freder.ck
Toledo had quite ruin'd the French Plantation, and put them all to the
Sword) but
fent Agents to Toledo, to put him in mind of the League between Spam and
England,
which he not taking notice of, alledg'd, That Pope J/We. the Sixth,
when a
Controverfie arofe concerning the new Difcoveries in the Eaft and Weft,
between
the Crowns of Caftile and fortugal, had determin'd that Caft.le had fole
R-ght to the
Weftern World, and therefore that St. C'rip^hers, being a part of the
Wettern
World, according to the (Pope's Gift, belongd to his Matter flnhf ., and
infiftingup.
on that Allegation, he commanded them to quit their Right to the Place ;
to which
purpofe he reftor'd them fix of the nine Ships taken at Hens, on
Condition that
they ftould immediately fet Sail for S,./W,onely thofe whom the fix
VelTels were
no,t able to carry, were permitted to ftay on the Ifiand till the next
opportunity :
After which roW. weighing Anchor.was fcarce outof fight,whenthe Engl.sh
begar
to take new Courage,and gathering together to repair their ruin'd Works
as well a:
poffibly they could with what Forces they had left ; for befidesthofe
who mnt fo
England in the fix Ships, being near two thoufand, the Span.sh Adrniral
cook fixhun
dred choice BM>, which he diftributed amongft his Fleet ; wh.left
Defamhuc 1,
fer'd a great deal of hardfl.ip, not oncly through ill Weather at Sea,
but alfo k

wffr~

Ghap. XIX. ^ M E 1{^ I C A.

wane of P;ovifios ; Having during chi. cime been on the Iflands St.
Martin, Montferrat and Ane^. :h,nk,ng to have poffefs'd h,,relf of fo^e or other of
them in
ftead oiSt Chnftophers, but not finding fuch a fruitful Soil, and
conveni-nrSkul
non as hat he had been forc'd to forfake. he was not for;ard torZtb.t "
a.'
ther judgd It convenient to enquire concerning the Condition of St.
ChMers
and ac l,ft being informed by a Ketch, that the Enen,y was gone co H.vf
S h^
verthe efs their Endeavors to repair what was ruin'd, had been in vain
by reafon
of the icarcity of Prov lions, and want of other Neceffaries, had not in
theirlreateS
ex remity fome M J./.,^ VefTels arriving there, furnift'd therrr with
Provifion
Clothes, and other Neceffaries, on bare proinifes of payment: But not
long after'
r \ w u' '"'' " ^'^ '''''"'^ ' '^' Condition before mention'd.
In the late War between Us and the 2),ci, the F..ct taking advantaae
of our
Engagement, endeavor-d to deftroy our Plantations there, and t'o make
fer^felve
Mailers of the whole Ifland ., but the Matter being at laft brought to
fome Ae ee
ment, Sir CW/.rW.. hath beenvery lately fenc over thitherly His Majefty
to
re-fettle Affairs there, and order the Capitulations between the
French .nd dn/jh.

E'i

siiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii
CHAP. XIX.
The Iftands Sotavento, and the Me Trinidado.
INtheDivifion we found to be madeof the Idands that lie between Florida
and
Nel, Spam, and Southern Jmrnca, the laft are the Ifles of Sotaymto,
which are
reckon d to be thefe three, Marg^arua, Cuba.ua, and Tabago, but the laft
is by

moft accounted, and hath been mention'd amongft the Caribbas.

Margareta, (o call'd from the abundance of Pearls (of which the Spanish
Appel- r
^tion comes near the Latine A/..^.r<e) found there by the Sfi.,w/at
their firft '^''"'"' '
Difcovery,^lies about the twelfth Degree of Northern Latitude over
asainft the
Main Land of Cumana, from which it is diftant about fevcn Leagues -It is
ac
jounced fixteen Leagues long, and half as much in breadth, and was
difcover'd by
.olumbm in his third Voyage in the Year of our Lord ,45,8. and was at
firft in great
reputation, m regard of the rich Pearl.fifhing upon its Coafts, wherein
the Sfalards
[more favorable u feems to the Natives of this Place than ufual, becaufe
of their
readinefs to difcover their Treafures) employ'd Negro's, brought from
the Coaft of
^umee, whom by fevere Punifhments inflifted, they forc'd to fuch
exceffive Labor
:hat many of chem, though excellent Divers, were drown'd,others either
devour'd'
I t ^- '"^V^^^tT"' ^'''' ^'^ thereabouts, and by deftroying the very
Seed
ihrough therr infat.able greedinefs after Pearl,brought the Trade of
learl-fiflfing ia
I flrort urne to a very f,all Account, in refpeft of what it might have
been had it
>een well husbanded. Nor hath this Ifland oflate Years been much
frequented,only
II 'r ^^P"'" ^-^^^ '"'^ ^ Fl' f ^"gUsh put on Shore here, and
00k as many Prifoners as he had five hundred pounds of Pearl for the
Ranfom of,
TnT A "Tr^ """2 '""^ ' ^^"P ^' "" ^^-^ ^'^' Coaft of Mgola, with three
unircd and feventy Negro's aboard her, who were going to be fold for
Slaves,
i he Soil IS not uniruitful, bringing forth feveral forts of Fruit, and
ftore of

jtri.11

\>

Situation of

,gg J M E XI C J. Chap. X!X.

Uai^, and probably if improved, would as well bear Wheat, and other
ufual kinds
of Grain- but there is great want of Water, which the Inhabitants are
troubled to
fetch from the neighboring Continent.
Towns and f hc Pkces of chief note^ are i . Monpatn, a Fort built by the
Spaniards in a Nook
l^dxiol of the liland, lying Eaftward to fecure the PearUfifhing Trade,
and to defend the "
Town where the Governor refides, as alfo the Treafurer of the King of
Spams Cufloms of Pearl, which have been formerly valuM at 50000 /. yearly.
2. El Valle de Santa Lucia, two Leagues from this Town, and as much from
the
Sea, a Spamfl) Colony.
3. Macanao, the oncly noted Place belonging to the Natives.
S E C T. II.
Cubagua.
^Uba^ualks Souths Weft of Mar^anta, about the eleventh Degree of NorthLatitude, a League or thereabouts diftant from Margarita, and fix
Leagues
from the neareft Continent, and about three Leagues in circumference.
This is alfo a very great Place for PearLfiOiing, the benefit whereof
hath been fo
confiderable, that the King of Spams Fifths are faid to have amounted
fome years
to fifteen thoufand Ducats j but otherwife of a poor and barren Soil,
not onely deilitutc of Water, but of Fruit, Grain, Herbage, and all manner of Cattel
and eatable Beafts, except a few lean Coneys 5 neverthelefs, in refpcd: of the
PearLfifhing
Trade, the Spaniards have Planted here a Colony, which they call'd Netp
Qi^K^ leaving plenty of Provifions brought them from the adjoining Coafls, and
foon after
their firft Planting grew in a fhorttime fo powerful, that they became
Mafters of
one of the beft Port's of thofe Seas, call'd Maracapana Vene:^uela but
upon an Alarm
of the Salvages of Qwnana.^ov a while deferted the Ifland, and betook
themfelves to
Bijpaniola - from whence neverthelefs being remanded back with frefii

Supplies,
under the Command o^^^^s de C^ftellon, they foon re.inftated themfelves
in their
former Plantation, and made it more flrong and flourifliing than before
5 in which
ftatethey remained as long as the PearL-fiflimg Trade continu'd, but
that decaying,
the fplendor alfo of this Colony declined : fo that at prefent the onely
thing which
makes the Place remarkable, is a Fountain on the Eafl part of the
Ifland, not f^r
from the Sea, yielding a liquid bituminous W^ater, of flngular ufe in
Medicine, and
fometimes found floating on the Sea at two or three Leagues diflance.
About four Leagues diftant from Cuha^ua there is an Ifland calFd Coche,
about
three Miles in compail j It was dilcover'd in the Year 1529. and was
formerly little lefs confiderable for Pearl.fifhing than the other two.

The Ifland
Qeche,

Sect. III.
Triiiidado.

Situation of

T He iQand of rri/iiJ.u/o was firft difcoverM by C^Iumhi^, Mnoj^^r- in

his
third Voyage, and by him lo caird,asfomc guefs, from its three Points or
Promontories but that feems not fo probable, in regard it is otherwife
call'd La Trinidad, or InfuU SanCi^ Trmitatis, and therefore is likely
to have been denominated upon a religious Account : It lieth nine Degrees or
thereabouts diftant
from the Lme, at the Mouth of the River Orcnoque, and is fcparated from
the Coaft
- - . of

Clrap. XX. ' . . ^ M E%^1 C A.

of nrla over agamft which ic lies by a Su.^U chat is ch'ree Miles over,

and which ^ ^
for the dangeroufncfs of paffing it, Qolumh,^, the firft Difcoverer of
i. rM-A r.
MVraco , the length thereof fron, the .oft Southern AnrcTu'dt 'Jl , fT
to the North-Eaft, call'd u,ua M Gdna, is reckon'd twenty five L A r'
that reckon fifty, .ay be Tuppos'd to r..Me Leagues foTl^.t L? h^'b J dt
about eighteen. ^ i-uc oreaatn
The Air of this Place is To imnnrp ^T^^^ tV ."c- ^ ^ ^
of all the;i., neverthelefs ches'o 1 L' t u ^raTr ti^X h?"^'^ -'Cotton, M.,.,Tobacco of the beft k:nd, with h^ C Zol^ ofT;''""; "'""
growth of the W^.b^^^
t e Ifland ca 1 d T.rra ie .. produceth great plenty of Pitch, but not
of th eft
it M '^"%^''''^'''' '^''^^"''' f""^l Veins of Gold and other Metals
The Nat>ves,fome fay,were antiently call'd C.iri, or Caral, and were
diftinTu'ilhy
into feveral CW or Tribes, each under the Government of .rr^
Pr.ce but tnoft of the. dreading the S,.n,.r,s C:2;7jl:f:nZ Zl
Setled chemfelves .n Guiana , and at prefent both this Place, Cuia.a,
and E L 1
have of Cuftom one and the fa^e Governor, whofePlace of Refidenc hire ;
Sj. mK the ch.ef. ,f not onely Town of the Ifland , it ftands Southward
"
Che Caron. Here .oft of chat Tobacco is .ade, which is fold a.ongft sT
^
%# In the Year ,595. S,r Wahn '^ale.gl, poirefs'd hitnfelf of it, being
thn bu
a petty Village o about forty Houfes, and cook Prifoner the chen
Governor I^^;&mo who, m all probab.hcy, to ingratiate himfelf with him, gave him Lme
Ih
cowards the difcovery oi Guiana. ^ ^ "'"=
On the Norch.Eaft ofTrimdado, and not above eight Mil A;a,, c . ,.
Che Ifland of r.^.^, which hath been already crea fd ofa o' of r^'r "L
'" ""
chough fomewillhave it one of Che W.. i^ ist^^ ^l ^:^2
derable to be fpoken of it, it is fufficient chat it L^ been r^nt ' Tu"^
1 "
pundually in its proper place. ' '^^^^ been .enc.on d, though not
CHAP. XX.

California;:^
Aving before made mention of California as it h bv r^^. . i r .

large Dorrion r.f\7 ,; y ', I ^ '""^ '*''^" fr tfi ^.

large portion otNortAera^ramM which lies moftSourNm^rJ . j ir w'a.ftmmofl- W<.ftf,ii .u 1 """ """'30UtJi ward, and alfouc-gmtti "
hof. r 7j^'^.f*ll 'hat's known of the NeT, World, and having treated
of
hofe feveral Provinces which are generally reckon'd Ju. l j !
vho make 2^ov. Mion onely the Nor h nT^Tf r r ^^ T '''"' "' '^^^
)ircourfenfrh.r, m J T^. ^ " ^ <^''''/'-'"'') We fiiall clofe up our
ut a feninfl IrTln Tu r'^ ^'' ^^ "'""y ''^""S'"' ='"<1 d^^">b'd co be
fen.nfula, or half Ifland, by reafon that the Bay which divides ic from
^,v..and

i-

AMERICA. Cliap. XX.

' and K.,.G,./;<ci., towards the Norch vuancth much nartowet than it
doth Sou.
therly, wh>ch made themthiak, that fomewhete or other at the North u
wasjoyn d
to the Main Land of America ; But later Difcoveries, as hath been fa.d,
have found
;. ,o be a perfed Ifland, and altogether feparate from the Continent :
for about
;he Year i6io.. fome Adventurers beating upon thofe Coafts Northward
accidentally, and before they were aware, fell upon a Srr.i^k the Waters
whereof ran with
(lich a Torrent and violent Courfe, that they brought them into S^Ur
Verm.oho
whether they would or no, and before they knew it, and by that means
difcoyerd
that CMorL was an Idand, and that the Waters which were obferv d to fall
fo
.iolenrly into that Seatowards the North, were not the Waters of any
River emp=
tying it felf into xhe Bay from the Main Land, as was formerly thougHt,
but the
Waters of the North=Weft Sea it felf, violently breaking into the Bay,
and dividing
it wholly from the Continent: It lietli North and South, extending it
felf m a
raft length, full twenty Degrees of Latitude, vi^. from twenty two to
forty two ;
,but the breadth nothing anfwerable : The moft Northern Point of it is

call d Gfe
manch . that to the South,^^,^ St. LucM, memorable for that rich and
gallant Prize
which baptain Ov.Ji^ in the Year ,587. being then in his Voyage about
the
World took from the Sf.mari^ near to this Place. As for the IHand it
felf, it is at
prefent little, if at all inhabited by the Sfaniaris whether it be
that they want Men
lo furnifli new Plantations, or that they find no matter of invitation
and encouragement from theCountrey, or perhaps that the accefs thither be not fo
eafie : for
'tis reported to be wonderfully well peopled by the Natives, and that
there were
found onely upon the Coafts and along the Shore of Mar rm-^/.o,twenty
or twenty
three Nations, all of different Languages ; though from the particular
Narrations
that have been made of the Voyages of feveral eminent Perfons into thefe
Parts,
it appears that the Sp^ni.rJ. have taken great p^insin thedifcovety
thereof, and alfo
from the feveral S^amji> Names of Places, that they have had Plantations
here formerly, however neglefted at prefent.
Th. cBon,s The Countrey is abundantly well ftor'd with Fifli and Fowl,
as appears partly
-I^'nT by Ae Natives, who take a huge pride in making themfelves gay
with the Bones
""' of the one, with which they load their Ears, and fometimes their
Nol^s alfo and
with the Feathers of the other, which ordinary People wear onely
flicking about
rheu- Waftes ; butCreat Perfons, and fuch as will be fine indeed befet
their Heads
ftrangely with them, and have commonly one Bunch of them bigger than
ordinary hanging down behind them like a Tail. , , r^ , n l.,
Havina no knowledge of the true God, they worOiip what the Devil will
hav
them, tha^ is, the Sun, attributing to it onely the increafe of their
Plants healthful
Seafons, and moft of the other good things they enjoy, or are fenfible
oh
Their Government is faid to be onely Ouonomkal, each Father ordering the
A fairs of his Family apart, without fubjeaion to any other Superior , yet
lo well
managd, that they live in good Peace one with another ; not without ^ny
od
Laws and Cuftoms, V,~^. That they allow but one Wife to one Man , That
th y
punifli Adultery with Death ; That they fuffer not Maids ' "Ikor

converfe with
Men till they be Married ; That Widows may not Marry till they have
Mourn d
at Icaft one half year for their Husbands deceafed ; and divers others
of lik
nature, which perhaps, if the truth were known, do more properly belong
to the
NativesofMtoPM,orZ^wyt/.wm,thantothefeofC''''/<"""'The Places therein, as yet obfery'd, are onely upon the Sea.coafts, i.
Iheup
of Sr. O"'-'^ -'nd 6>.Lc<,theone at the South-Eaft end of the
Ifland.looking towards
KWG.ffiw, the other at the South- Weft, looking into the Sea, and
towards ^y-.

Their Government.

Plies of
nocc.

Chap. XX.

AMERICA

2.

^91

4. C,M, fo ,.<,, I jig ,j^ _^^ ^^__^^ of ,t Gulf.

2. O/.^ rnmdado, a noted Promontory. ^*
ci,'i;ot,?;2,tti;'''"''""S''--'''''"''""i.)fn..h.,f
-ome ftore are made there. ^ ' "" ^''"*' ^^"^f P'A^P'

6. Obo de Calera, from its refemblance to a Rat. er Dr. SW,,, Sth well obf '.rV"" uT l^ '"'' ^l-gher unknown. Mor.o,
f Places, a^d notTrllr ^'v^t' tholcabovc.mention'd are the Names onely .
.34^ fet out two Ships ^o tt^p'V r/ro;tt;^"^rH"'' '7'^' '" "^^ ^"^ -^^
;;;n wuLut ha-^d^: aX^s tl' r;:;:- ' "^ ^--- -^ -7 ;av.onipanion of Corf^^m the formex Expedition, Set out
, . ' upoa

591

Mree de Ni/jbiiRelati* of theff

27 Marten
bis Voyage.

CahriUo hit
Expedition.

Vrakfs Account of the

Countrey.

,a M E^Ki C A. Chap. XVUI.

rl..es and having Coafted all about, both upon the Eaftern and .
upon his own Chg, and ^av J ^^^^^^^^^ oppofition fron. the j
Weftetn Shores, he at ^^^ landed, but no j^.^ ^^^^ ^^ .,
Natives, who wUh much f --^' ^j^-^l^L^d Tw^ h a ftrew'd Repulfe, had
futiouny w.th Stones ^"^ i^ows th th y had ^^^^^ ^feems they
Men,on;i and '^ff^^^i^:!^^::^^., undertaking a Voyage in-

Much about the fame time Morco 'i'J-'<}J' < ^ , , f jjen Mines,
to thefe Parts, reported Wonders at h.s ^^l^^J\^\l Gates whereof were
ftately Cities, fet out with magn.ficenc Bmldmgs the ve y ^^^^^.^^^^^
cnrich-d with T-^'/">-/ -h"J ^f^^;f ::a ^f th^ flourifting Condition
of
went glittering in Gold and Mother of P"'** ^"^ ^^ Governor of Neu>
Gall.U
ceiv'd Horage of na^mcatus, ;; f '^^ ^^^^^ . ^y (RoLi Cabrilk, who
difcoOn^ more Attempt was made m the ^"; ' j llr<p,fC,ai, and this was
.er'd the Ifland of S.. Uh, and --'^^'^"J^^^^J^il Jidenaker to thefe
.he laft we hear of that ^^^^^^^l^^:^:, U. Co wholly laid aQde, that
^-;SS:X::Hcasmaydet^^^^^^^
part oiCaUfornu, though it doth -"^Jf "f ^ f ^^^^^^^^^ ,o Method and
Deco.
Continent. , t l o^u;c npfrrintion of the Countrey and its
Inhabitants, vi^. Tfc.t tk C"'> ^-^^^"'^ f ^ ^,,,5. et4W<.ff
ovo", tk
/f J wen built onely of Turf and vper, ynj & s ^^^ ^ ^^
U 0,. tbe CoU , ,n the mf of... f^f^^^'^^^^^^^^^^ To-.ns ..ere, or M,er
round about it toffther nponfeV.ral 3eds of ^M-^uihes. mat _. _. .
they had any, is altogether wiknoTDn.

The

The Third Book

CONTAINING

A. D E S C R I P T I

O F

P E R U A N

O R,

Southern America.

C H A p. I.
Aving compleated our Defcription of Mexkana, or TSlor- ^i""""' 'then America, being that great 'PeninfuU which lies North= wJS-i
ward of the Iflhmm, or Straight ofDarim, together with all """""
the Illands on the North fide of the Equinoaial Line, we
come now to the Southern Part, otherwife call'd <Peruam,
from <Peru the chief Kingdom thereof, being the other
great <Pemnfula , which lies Southward of the aforefaid
^'f^^f : It is generally refembled to the form of a Pyra.d revers'd ; the Bafis whereof, that is to fay, the more Southerly
parts of it toards Uagdlamca and the Straights, extend themfelves largely both Eaft
and Weft
coming more fliatp and ftreight towards the North, and thofe parts by
which it
joyn'd to Mextcana : in the whole it is fuppos'd to contain a Circuit of
feventeen
Dufand Miles at leaft, and is watet'd with four of the greatcft Rivers
of the
orld, befides abundance of lefTer Streams, which iffuing from the Andes
and other
ountains of the Countrey, do run from all Parts both into the North and
South
1 much fertilizing the Countreys through which they pafs ; the four
principal

: thele roiiowing : i r
I. Onllana, fo call'd from the firft Difcovery thereof by Francifcm de
Orelhna.^''^^^.erw.fe the River of ^,.^,, from a Generation of warlike Women, who
(as the """"
idition goes) inhabited certain Countrcys lying upon the Banks thereof.
This
. " P rifeeh

i?4-

<tA M E %I C J.

Chap. II,

The Mountains Andes.

rifcth in the Province of "Pt^rw, and runneth a Courfe of little lefs

than five thou*
fand Miles, dikharging it felf at lad into the North Sea,through a
Channel,as fome
fay, of threefcore Leagues broad, and yet with fuch a violent Current or
Stream^
that it is faid to keep its natural colour and tafte almoft thirty Miles
in the Sea.
2. Orenoque, by fome call'd ^liana^ from S'n Walter (Raleigh, who
endeavor'd to
dii'cover it, a River of the Province o( Guiana, whofeHead or Spring is
not yet difcover'd : It is faid to be Navigable a thoufand Miles together by the
talleft Ships,
and no lefs than two thoufand by Pinnaces and fmaller Veffels,and
difchargeth it (elf
likewife into the North Sea by fixteen feveral Channels or Mouths,
making thereby
feveral Iflands fome whereof are faid to be of good bignefs, and to
lie at a diflance
of a hundred Miles or more one from the other.
7. Maragnon, a River of a yet larger Courfe than any of the former,
being, as
'tis faid, no lefs than fix thoufand Miles from its Head, which is out

o^iht Andes in
fperuj to its Fall, which is likewife into the North Sea about Ca^e Bla?
ico, by a Chan*
nel of feventy Leagues in breadth.
4. (^10 de la flata, otherwife call'd Paraguay ^ a Rivei: of two
thoufand Miles
Courfe, and falling as the rcfl: into the North Sea, by a Channel of
threefcore
Miles over, and about thirty Degrees Southward oftheLi72e^ towards the
Straights
of Magellam,
The J^ndeSyOX Mountains before mentioned being the rnoft noted, and
biggeft
oi2\\ America, and indeed of the whole World, and thoraglit hy Corteftm
to be the
fame with Sebhar, fpoken of in the tenth Chsupter: of Genejis , run
above a thoufand
Leagues in length ftomTtmania, a Town of ]Slew Granada iin the Province
of Tu^
payan, and are in the narroweft place about twenty Leagues broad ; and
alfo of
equal heighth with, if not higher than Cauc a/us it {df : theAfcent to
them is unpalTable, except in very few places, by reafon of craggy Precipices, and
wild overgrown pathlefs Woods, ferving onely for a fhelter to Serpents and other
poyfonoui
Animals, which are there fo numerous, that a whole Army of one of the
Kings ol
feru is reported to have been deftroy'd by thena j and what ever People
there are
inhabiting in any of thefe Woods and Faftneffes, muft needs; be in the
very utmofl
degree of rude and brutifli falvagenefs.
Some divide Southern America into Teruyima and 'Brafdiana : ^eruViana
they fubdivide into TerraFirma and ^eru ; 'BrafiUana into 'Brafile and ^^araguay
: But the moil
received and commodious Divifion is into thefe particular Provinces
following, al]
of them wealthy and large, V/;^. i. CaHellaAurea,ov Golden Caftile, 2. ]
>{oya Granada.
ox^heH^w Kmgdom, as they call it. -^.^eru, fpecially fo call'd. j^,
Chile, 'y. Tara-.
guuy, 6.Brafile, 7. Guiana. 8. La ftly <p4rw, with fome leffer Iflands
adjoyning tc
all or mod of thefe Provinces, and commonly reckoned as part of them.

CHAP. II.

Defcriptioii
of Ca^etla
Jurea.

Callella Aurea, otherwife call'd Terra Firma.

JJldla del Oro, as the Spaniards call it, or Golden Cafttle, taketh up
all the reft
the yihmus, or Straight of Darien, which hath nt)t been yet fpoken of,
bein^
bounded Eaftward, and to the North-Eaft;, with the Atlantick Ocean ; an(
on the Weft with Mare del Zur, and iome part of Veragua j Southward it
hath th
ncv

'5

Chap. II. ^ M E %^I C A.

.new Kingdom of C....rf.. I: is call'd fometimes Tena Firma, becaufe ic
was one
of the firft parts of firm Land which the 5^.W, coucI,'d upon, after
they had
pafsd fo many Iflands, as feem'd for fome time to block up, and bar them
from
the Contmentof ^,mw : It is fubdivided into thefe inferior Provinces or
Coun
treys, V,^. ,. 'Panama. i.Dar.en. 3. NoVa Mdalu^ia. ^. St. Martha. 5.
Laftlv thJ
little Province Cs /<! ac/,^. ' ^-""y) c"*
The chief Rivers of the Province of f.. are .. a.^r.,as it was
antiently call'd '^"-but afterwards from the great number of Crocodiles that harbor in it,
(^l de Lagams, falling into the North Sea between Nomhre Je Vios and fom Mlam.
" .. Sar.
dmUla. 3. Sardma. 4. <Hio de Qolubros, fo call'd from the abundance of
Snakes
breedmg thereabouts 5. (2^,o de Conmgre, which falls into the fame Sea.
6. Chepo
famous in times paft for its Gold.Sands. 7. !R-o i. S.//.., whofe Banks
are fliadcd
with good Timber-Trees. 8. ^o de Congo, which falls into St. Mchaeh Bay.
S E C T. II,

anama.

with the Gulf, 01 ^ay^oiUnaba, by which it is feparated from the reft of

the '"""
Continent of this Southern part of ^;;,.W.. ; on the Weft it hath
Feraxua one
f the Provinces of Guat.n,ala ., being on both the other fides walh'd
with the Sea
W ^lutVIf'" " ^^ r '"" ^-'H-and^.^...^, eo the Confines of
TLT I ^^ ^ "'""y Leagues, in breadth not above threefcore in any
rt , and where It is narroweft, W^. betwixt the City of <Panan,a and
NonlTde
yos ,f meafur'd by a right Line, not above fix or feven over from Sea to
Sea I
.ech almoft under the E,.noBial Une, but a few Degrees Northward of t Id
nd t7s r" " "'?"' 'Z;'^ -'gl^borhood of loth Seas fubjeft to fo y
" hfalthfd 'c ""^^ r" '?"; "'" P"" ' '" ^'^^^ '^ '^ "- ---^ genially
. healthful a Gountrey, efpecially for Strangers, and in Summer-time. ^
1 he antienc Divifion of T^M^M*, according to the Lordfhinc f.k./-r l
kenCovprnM n.r fl,r. f ii ^ 1 & " ""^ ^i"'p5 or the O/z^km
that Tk
A< , N... ri.e, Tota, Hayha, 2uma, and ylo,;., where the South Sea
with the
pnng-Tides flowing over the Plains, at its return being hardned by th!
ea i
; IT.^ V ' " ""ct ''"^^' ''^^"^'^ '" ^" -f-" Countreys of the Wo^'l^
at with the alteration of Government, the Divifion of the Countrcv aid Z
ames of Places have totally chang-d. fo alfo here the antient Divifion
of Re^^^^^^^
nd Territories muftgive place to the Modern. regions
The antient Inhabitants of thefe Parts were a very warlike P^oMp th.vn
wavsarrnmn!in;n,i.- u L i , *"'"; "^ariiKe i eople, the Women n.
nm^
he pTlm rtr 'f'^"^!Py^'^^^ Arrows, Stone Swords, and Pikes made
fo'd W C id ^^ f V*""'^ ^"'^ '''"" '""^ '^^ """f"' ' -ho they
lrv wkh i Fl .i"" " ^ '. ^'""'"2 of their Wars, and afterwards makini
lerry with theFlelh, anointed the Image with the Blood . Moreover, if
they re
Minrsinrnrr' "'^/^"' '""^' '^^^ >" *" - ^ oeb/uc 'i l

nnking. Sing ng. Dancing, Cutting their Prifoners Throats with their
Blond
ffeZr^ cheir Image. But if they were con.uer'd, then th!; n e ed new
tterings to reconcile themfelves with their Idol
The chief Towns and Places which the S^an,ards inhabit here, are ,. f
anama, -" =p .. ' Piacti o, chief

^A M E "Kl C A. Chap. II
the chief Citv of the Province, being alfo a Biftop's Sec, which is
Suffragan to the
Arch-biftop of Lima, and the ordinary Refidence of the Governor and
Courts of
Tuftice for thefe Parts : It is feated likewife upon the South Sea and
lo rjear that
at Hieh-waterthe Ships are faid to Ride even under the Walls. Through
this Town
the Wealth both of feru and S}a,n paffeth once every Year ; from %m by
Komhu
de Dm and <Pom <Bello, from whence whatfoever Merchatjdife or other
Commodities come from Spain, are Tranfported to fanama by Land, and from thence
by Sea
to all the Parts of <Peru and by fanama whatfoever comes from fem, is
lent
into Spam : It hath commonly a ftrongCartifon of Soldiers in it, and is
doubtlefs
a Place other wife well fortifi'd, being of fo great importance. From
the Haven
<Pencos three Ways lead to fanama, the fitft along a Bridge over a
River, whofe
Banks are great Fortifications to the City, the rather becaufe the River
is deep, and
next it a Pool over.grown with Weeds. The Way from Kombn de D.os plain
and
without Woods, is wa(h-d by the Brook Lev^ero. The third runs along
over a
Stone Bridge and Champain Grounds, that extend from the Haven fencos to
the
City. Eaftward from famma appear feven Royal Houfes on a Rock, wherein
the
Courts of Judicature are kept. Five hundred Rods into the Sea lies an
Ifland re.
femblin^T a Half.Moon, and the Haven wherein the Ships when they unlade
caft
Anchor," there being elfe not Water enough for laden Barques, and all

lie dry at
low Anchor : At the Mouth thereof ftands a woodden Sconce. The Places
Venta
de Cruze, Cha^re, Quebrada, and S^//<,o,are alfo fortifi'd againft any
Invafion, where
elfe an Enemy might eafily Land : But the ftrideft Watch is kept at the
Rivet
Chazre which Weftwards below nombre de Dm falling into the Northern
Ocean,
brings' the Ships up to Fentade Cru^, from whence a Way fcarce five
Leagues ong
leads to fanama. The %# Commodities confifting moft in Meal, Oyl,
Biskets,
Cloth and Silk, are all brought from Kombre de Kos along the fame Way ;
or elfe in
Winter when they cannot ftem the Current of the River Cfc.^.. then they
bring
their Goods by Land, not without great danger of being taken by the runaway
Ncoro's who fet upon them out of the Woods with poyfon'd Darts and
Arrows ;
and as many Spaniards as they take, fo many feveral ways they put them
to death,
becaufe they formerly in the time of their Servitude were us'd with all
imaginable
Cruelties. The Provifions fold here at a reafonable Rate are Ma,^,
feruan-Mei\,
Poultrey. Honey, Cartel, Swine, Oranges, Leramons, Cabbage, and all
manner oi
Garden Herbs or Plants. Round about the fore.mention'd Royal Houfes lie
Bulwarks, with a ftrongCaftle on one fide. A fair Cathedral denotes the
Place to be
a Bifhop's See : And the Franafcans, X>ommicam, and Monks of the Order
De U
Merced, Inhabit feveral fair Cloyfters here. Two Leagues Weft ward is
the Haven
fericos, which being fecur'd from all Winds by three high Ifles that lie
before it, .|
the chiefHarbor in which the-Pe.w^^Plate.Fleet (confifting moft in fmall
BarquesJ
comes to an Anchor before they touch at fanama. The Countrey is for the
moft
part Mountainous, and in many places fends forth ftinking Damps out of
muddy
Pools . vet in forae places are Savanna Grounds for Cartel to Graze m.
The Alt
would'alfo be more unhealthful, if it were notclear'd by the Winds wh.ch
blow
from the Sea. From July to Oftobcr there fall continual Rains, mix d
with terrible
claps of Thunder. The Inhabitants often recreate themfelves m Hunting
wild
Hoas, with Nets made of the Brambles call'd Hequcn or Henaden, and that
after i
ftranse manner : for they fet on five the Bufhes all about the place
where they fup-

pofe the Game to lie, which to fliun the Fire runs into their Nets ; fo
that th<
faine Buflies are both their flielter and deftruftion, as affording
Material to mak|
the Nets wherein they are taken. Befides other Birds the Woods alio
abound wul
Phcalant

Chap. IF. ^ M ^^S^l c J

without Leaves, but bear licde or no Fruit. '^ -i rees are leldora
2. ^o,i,, J 2)/o., which hath broad Streets, hish wooddea Hnr.= J r

Church : It extends fro. Eaft to Weft along he LrtiKrn Ocean '.h. "m
of a great Wood on Moorifh Ground, haviga .rear Fen on th WeV r
ate under an unwholfora Climate it h,rf, . r I l j , ' "" ^'"The Merchants which dwei hTe Lad alfo H K ^"^'^ ^ "^"^ P^P'^Houfes being moft of Zm Inns for St r! ^^"^ "Z""^""' ^^^^ ^^^ f ''gotten an Eftate they w ntTo ll T^e J^"^ "f "." ". '"" " "^^^ ^^''^
..anyplac. Th^eOragesSJlt::XS;S^
cafion many Diftempers to thofe that P.rnfrk^^ t l J^"^, '"" t-'^ow
neie, oceach fide a Ldge of Lcks, on ^h Ls a 'd ^ot tr^^a"''"; '"' "
fo turbulent, that the Ships are fnrrM ^ p A r \ ' , " " often-t.mes
from the Cuy a frefl, WatrRiver f 1 ! l " ^"'''" '?"" ^^^--d
ral Garden-JoufesL O h^ds 5 r: 0^ S r"' o f "^^^-^^ft-^ '-e=
a Mdl beyond the City not far frlwM h ^^"r;." ^-^'' -ving here, found
which havin. made hiielfMafte he r!tfi" ^ ' ^^^d a Watch-houle, of
on ,11 rh. v.fT I i! """''" '^f'"' ''^ ' fire on the Town Nomkede Dios
as alfo
Zw olhtoSfir'wrt" "'.''^- 7f^ -'S'-'of ^heName ^X'?.
.heHavenC^^r r^h lltf^^^^^^^ Sail with three Ships out of
Storm, in which two Ketches clmird? f''^"!' ^^ '^^T^^''^ by a violent
drrven out of %ht,whil ft he fSe"d ffif \ '^". '"" '"'' ^"^ ^""^^ ^^^^
down in a defoL Cou rey wh re P'J'^f '-"[S^^-g/ft-e, rang'd up and
he met with Olao . when he' Fam ne b! " "^"r''' ''" ^"' ^''^ ^ ^^^
nature, that being fcart aWe to cr/therArm;"" 7."^' ''^" '" '"''' *
Inhabitants with poyfon'd Arrows nPn' t T ' r r^ ^ '''"" ^"' '^'"''^ ^y
the
fcarce ninety : fhloTas '"'^""/V'^" ^'^^^" '^""^red there remlin'd

made as ic c uld pSlyTrv nT"' /" ^ "^" ^^^^^^ ^^'^'^ '''^X had
foon as he had difcover'd a Se fit to'lT"'! J f^'^ t ""^ "^ '"'"' ^"i.as ?..3./., from whence be "^ec^SfbtV^/^' '['" '' ^^"'^^^
:hertoKetreat Aboard, not withouf the ol-SrrM-^^^^^^^^
^ontory Mor.or, beyond which he Anchor'd m a fecur^en wh " u '^''
'oing afhore he call'd to his M.n r,; c ; '" ^'^"^' ^' ^^ was
ives, call'd itNo^.. J.k. ' ^ "P a Fortaga.nft the Affaulcsof the Na.
^al;n1;i!%\r:K:lt;a'w ^"r;T"' '^ "">^'-- ^""-^- f'- ^"
he goolcLmdir Anch Hran7rct rnT"r " '"f ^T' '' ^^^^" "^
>f Winds ; and which bein, furfounded w W / I'T' "^'^'"^"^ ^^ ^" '"""^
bout it,'as alfo abundant rood G^v^/rt^ T^' ""''"''^ ^^"''
therReafons, the famous ArchifeT^T 5 f,'^ = ^' vvhich and feveral
uild this Oty'for a sTp of T de Sfad it'V';^;? ^''^ r>"^' '^^"g' nhealthy) having pitch'd uoon an . I c ^ ''^ ^'"' ^^^'^'^ ^^^ fo""d
cot of a Hill,whe th re rrhr.. TIT l""'"" '"' '^' ^'^^ " P^-" ^he
:ountrey: wLreforetrdtTe.^;^^;" rfirftl!^
rche Haven, put five Guns into theLe to def ndlh tw cT " I """f
lore a ftrong Tower with eight Drakp, m , ^>'' ^"'^ " ^'^'^
d clofe Wo^ods about the tZtL^^ZT^'f^^T'' ^'""^ ''' ^'^-'
P*^"^"' ^''^ Landing of an Enemy : But at
- P 3 the

The IJles ef
Pearls.

! I)

^Pg J M E "KI C J. ^ Cliap.

the very time that this City was jufi: begun to be built, Sir Ft-ancis
Drah h2.Y\ng
burnt i^omhre de Vios, ran into the Haven <?v.eYtQ (Bello, where he
found ten Houfes,
befides the Governors Palace, and a Caftle whofe Bread- works which the
Spaniards
had lately raisM orTimber,Stone,and Earth,were all demoliOi'd by the

En^lif? : But
the Spaniards have fince re-built the fame, and fortifi'd the Haven,
with two ftrong
Caftles, notwithftanding in the Year i66u it was furpriz'd and taken by
the E?i^lijJ?
under the Command of Captain farker, and the Governor^efro Melende;^
i:ikca
Prifoner.
4. Nata, commonly call'd St 'jago de Nata^ fituated on the Wed fide of
this Pio
vince,upon V^re del Zur, or: The South Sea, about thirty Leagues diftant
from Tanama,
towards the Borders of Ke/-^^4.
5. Jcla, a Town upon the fame Coaft,but lying South^Eaft of Nomhre de
Dios :
It was at firfi: onely a Fort built by feter de Anas, but afterwards
grew up into a
fmallCity,ofwhichatprefent there is nothing remaining but the
remembrance of
the ^^.momVafciue^lSLiinne^, Beheaded by his Father-in4aw Arm.
6. Laftly,L^ Qru^i (I(eal, a few Leagues diftant hom?anama, for the mod
pare
inhabited by a fort of Negro's call'd Simmero?ies,
' Along the North Coaft oi^.anama are two fmall woody iQands call'd
Cattiva and
Comagre, lying low in the Water j alio the Ifle Ve fines, wbich rifes
high out of the
Sea near the Main Land.
On the Southern Coaft are Ifole de las ferlas, or The IJles off earls,
about twenty
five in number, but indeed rather Rocks than Iflands, excepring two,
yi:^. Taroreque
and De^ f^ios where in former times the Indians took great ftore of
Pearls, by diving
for them to the bottom of the Sea j and they were efteem'd of greater
value and excellence than thofe oUubagua, and great profit was made of them by the
Spaniards,
till by their Cruelties exercis'd upon the Natives through cxcefTive
greedinefs, they
depopulated the Iflands, and loft that altogether of which before they
were To infatiable : they are now onely inhabited by a few Moors and other Slaves,
who keep
Cattel there for their Mafters.
cnptain 0.- ^ will not fecm amifs to conclude our Defcription of fanama
with a fliort AcTedS;'" count of the Englijh Captain >/; Oxenham's Exploits in thefe
Parts : He being incited by the Trealure which Sir Francis Drake fetch'd from hence,
refolv'd to Steer

for the Northern Coaft o^fanama, where he hal'd his Ship of a hundred
and twenty
Tun on Shore, and cover'd the fame with Trees, buried his Guns, and
march'd
. with two Field-Pieces and feven Men up into the Countrey, and was by
the Indians
conduaed to a River which falls into the South Sea, where he built a
Pinnace
of forty five Foot long, and Sailing into the South Sea, Landed on
Tarareqm-,
one of the Iftands o^f earls where he Toon after took a feruan Barque
with fixty
thoufand pieces of Gold, ftore of Wine and Bread, and the day following
another
which came from Lma, loaden with a hundred thoufand Pound in Silver
Bars,and
fomePearls. with which being enrich'd he returned to the Main : The
Governor
o^fanama being inform'd of it, put a hundred Soldiers into four Barques,
befides a
confiderable number of ?N(;^^ro Slaves 5 over which 7^.i ^e Orfe^o
having the chicl
Command, was inform'd at Tararequi what Courfe the Englijh had fteerM ;
whereupon he purfu'd them to the River whither they were gone, which falling
with
three Arms into the Sea, they could not have known which way the EngUp?
went,
unlefs they had feen fome Feathers of Fowls driving in the Mouth of the
leaii
Branch, by which they judgM that they were not far off -, therefore
Rowmguf
they found after four days Journey the Pinnace hal'd on Shore, and
watch'd by h
Men who were order'd to ftand Sentinel, whereof one being fliot by the
Spumards
' th

<^ M E X^l C A.
the other five fled ; whom OrUg. purfoing, found half a League from the
Shore a
Hut made of Boughs, wherein the Booty lay, which he fpeedily carried to
his
Barques ; but .Captain Ox^nhmn mform'd hereof/ell with two hundred
Ini^ms upon
the Siamarh, who havmg a Wood on their Backs made fuch advantage thereof

that
eleven g/<y/; were (lain, and feven taken, and had not the reft fled
they had all
been either kiU'd or taken Prifoners : Thofe that were taken inform'd
oL. that
they had been at difference amongfttherafelves about dividing the Booty
which
was the reafon of their flaying fo long : moreover, they difcover'd
where and how
their Ship lay ; all which the Governor oi^ancmci writ to nomhr, de Dm
from
whence four Sai were immediately fent to find out the Ship and the
buried Guns,
as alfo to take all fuch Englijh as they ftould find preparing of Boats
or Barques
and bring them to fanma ; whereupon very many were taken, who were all
rnife'
rably llain^ except a few Youths,
Sect. III.
'.V'
Darien.
Jrien which by fome Authors not being thought confiderable enough to
a.r,p..
make a diftind; Province, is reckon'd one and the fame with or at leaft
"' """'"'
part of, <P.,,amabzth on the North the Diftrift or Circle of fanama . on
the South, the new Kingdom of Granada , Eaftward it is bounded with the
Gu'lf of
Unaba zhoycfiid, and fome part of the River Danen, which giveth Name to
the
Province , and to the Weft, with the South Sea ., of I more temperate
1"": f
than that oCPamma, and a Soil fo admirably fruitful and lufty, that
thevfav Me
Ions. Cucumbers, and generally all other Fruits of the Garden, are ripe
and fit to"
gather within twenty days or lefs, after their firfi fowing, but very
much infefted
by noxious Creatures, as Lyons, Leopards, wild Cats, Crocodiles,
Serpents and
Bats, after whofe Bidngs a Man bleeds to death, unlefs he waflies the
Wound wdl
with Sea-water, or ftop it with hot Alhes; and no lefs by the
unwholfomnefs of
Poof"' "''f '^.'"^^'^^'^ ^y'^;^ --y ft'"k.ng Damps that arife from the
muddy
Pools. The Inhabitants are fickly, and feeming generally to be troubled
with the
Yellow Jaundice, never attain to a great Age: they go naked, the Men
onely covering their Privities with a Shell or Cotton-Cloth : The Women wear a
Cloth
which reaches from the Middle down to their Knees, but if Women of

Quality
to cheir Feet. v<udui:y,
_ The Spaniards have many years ago made themfelves Mafters of this
Province of -^^..
^e,,n which Jlphonf.s Fo^eda built the City SebaJlUn, _ which was
inhabited till -SS
See, which by reafon of the unwholfomnefs of the Place was remov'd to
fanala
/. w L '"""" ^'8'^ Mountains, where the Sun burnt exceedinelv
tnd the Way to the South Sea.beina three League? from ,1,
^'"""'^'"S'y'
.lefom to convey Merchandise thifher! ^""' " '"'' '"^ ""^antTi 7"1^';''^'"' ^'^'" '^' ^^" ^'- ^"''<' ""^"^^ being built by the
SpaM
-aptain ?eW. >,^, was ruin-d by the M^iM. ^ ^ r,e opamjl,
'ZtM^": 7f u ^^^'"r '",' ^"" ^^"^ ^"'f- ' '^^ P-vince and the -'.
rov.ncal Town, and falls into the Gulf of Urraha, being a large Arm of
the Sea
ight Leagues over at the Mouth thereof r 3?io 1 /, I j S _^'ni ot tne
bea,
lanner rhrm,J, .1,. D ""''""'=f- ^- '-^'o "^^ to !%i*f, which runs n
ike
unner through the Province of 2^,v. JndJ.^.a, and falls alfo into the
fame Guif. So

chief note.

.^00 <tA M E K.1 C A. Chap. 11.

Solikewifedoth 3. (^10 de laTrepadera. 4. Corohac'u 5. Bern, chiefly
remarkable upon this Confideration, that fomc curious Etymologifts have endeavor'd to
derive
the Name of ftru from this River, by the alteration onely of the initial
Letter.
The chief, and indeed the onely Town of this Trad is Darien, built as
aforefaid
by Endftis, a S^anip) Adventurer, and by him call'd St. Mdria Antiqua,
and by others

The ^/ifi^eo/Ddm?2, being one of the firft Towns that were built by the
SpanUrds
on the firm Land ; though there are who make mention of two other fmall
Towns
or Villages, the one nam'd at leaft, if not built by the Spaniards, viz.
Los Jngelos,
fcarce inhabited at prefent by any but the Salvages j the other an
antient Town of
the Natives, call'd !Bi^u, .
S E C T. IV.
New Andaluzia.

Defcripti->n
of New Ahialuxia.

Nature an J
Cuftoms of
the antient
Inhabitants.

The Countrcy 'Uiraba

Aft ward o^Darien and the Gul^ oHin ah a, lieth the Countrey of ]>le^
Andak*
;^f4, other wife caird Cdrr^rf^w^, from the Name of its principal City :
On
the Eaft it hath the Countrey call'd St. Martha-^ on the North, the Main
Ocean and ISlew Granada towards the South. It is for the moft part a
Mountainous Countrey, and full of Woods,which they fay yield abundance of
Rozen,Gums,
and fome very good Balfams ; alfo a fort of Long-pepper, much (harper
than that
o[ Eaft'India. But the Plains, by reafon of much Rain, to which the
Countrey is
fubjea, efpecially for fome times of the year, of but a fpewy and cold
Soil. The
Spaniards at their firft coming found it a rich Countrey, not fo much
from the Nature and Profits of the Soil (thoughit be faid tohave fomeMinesin
itjandthofe of
Gold) but by reafon of a certain Opinion andRefped, which the Americans
of thefe
Parts are generally faid to have born towards this Countrey, infomuch

that they
would be brought and buried there from other Places very remote ; and
accord*
ding to the Cuftom of the Countrey, not without good ftore of Gold and
other
Jewels, according to the Quality and Condition of the Perfon that was
buried ;
of which the Spaniards foon gain'd Intelligence, and in ranfacking the
Graves^ and
Monuments of the Dead, are fupposM to have found an infinite Mafs of
Treafure :
but thofe Mines are long fince exhaufted.
The Inhabitants of old fufFer'd great prejudice by Tygers and Serpents ;
yet
neverthelefs this Countrey was very populous before the Spaniards
arrival here 5 the
Natives wore Cotton Aprons before, and Golden Rings about their Arms and
Legs, as alfo Strings of Pearl, and the like. The Women here, as in the
reft of thefe
Parts', went with their Husbands into the Wars, and behaved themfelves
valiantly,
(hooting poyfonM Arrows, infomuch that Martin Jmhef us took a Maid,^/i?w
1509.
who had kill'd twenty eight Spaniards.
To the Province Qarthagma belongs alfo the Countrey Urraha^ which is fo
fruitful, that all kind of 5]?^^)^ Trees and Seeds grow better here than in
Spam : Befides
which it hath its own Fruit, as alio abundance of Pine and Palm-Trees,
whofe
Leaves ferve for Brooms. The Guaiana-Ttcc bears a (liarp kind of Fruit
like a
Lemmon, the Guaravana a kind of Cittrons, the Mameifa a Fruit not unlike
an
Orange, but tafting like a Melon, and the HoVos a great Plum.
Their Gardens abound with the Root batata, whofe Leaves fend forth
feveral
Strings, which over-fpreading the Ground faften in the Earth,and take
new Roots;
it is yellow without, and whicilh within, and bears pale green Flowers,
which at
laft turn to a Cod full of Seed. Thefe Roots roafted in hot Alhes,
exceed our Ew
ropean

^^

WL

::-::.,|--

' 1

^JL

0|

firangc
feft.

Moun

and
5 of

>eJcri-

wS%jt^-

Chap. IL iA: M E %^ I C A.
w/M Turnip; and beaten and put in Water till ,>, I [
with which the /W,.. Drink and Caroufe till the' ar Drt r"' ''"' '
''""'^'
Moreover, Ho-.^. abound, in Venifon Kfl, and. r"^*
as Tygers, Lyons, and a particular flrange B^aft s ti' as TT' ''"""^"' t
fphants Nofe. Hories Feet, and hanging Earl ^ " '^' ''^^'" *" E^^"
The Trees like wife fwarm with Birds- and efpeciallvnMrT i ,
Pheafants and Parrots, of which fon,e a;e b>,ZTa7c2 T "^""'^ ^^"'^
than Chickens. digger than Capons, others no bigger
AgainftMr/-^^^ juts the Mountain ^i,fe, whofe lenar!, W/.a j
known; the breadth thereof in fome nL! ) ^ Weft ward remains unTheMoun.
wr 1- , ""-'cui in lome places is about twenru T ,o^.,o, i . ' <<.
many Ways which cannot be ttavell'd wiih Horfes rlVr r f^"" ' " ''^'^
uninhabited, but along the Vallev, ,V t. ^^^ ^P of th's Mountain is
People that ^offefs'd gr^e crTc /"n g'm "\f "^ ^^^^ l^S^. dwelt
formerly a
that'fell WeLard froli ^^^rtp ZS^tl^t if'^' "'V ^'^"'yea.log, whichmakes the Way^s very ba'^J^rTa.l f^; ^ ^'"'"^" '''
....wheth^ hieH;teirdtt: t-s:^^^^^^^^
Countreys, to be buried in great State .<:^.^Kk w ^^ ^^^ adjacent
^ The /rincipal Towns aS Places; no arT. t" T'""^'from the refemblance of its Situation with the at '^ ^H; tfl "''". -" ^
Muma belonging to 0/</ Spain, or becaufeche firft iIkIv K'ngdom of
.p''
-aid City) which was begun to be built i!! '^f '"" were Citizens of
the '
ied by G..^. ^Wd,^eig t year ft ^fi^p ^*'^"^''"' ''^'f"% '
rhis Epifcopll Metropolisl on' the NorTh t.^M K l!"^''"" '^"-^ was laid.
hallowGround, on fhc Land fide fheeaflitf ^7 ''^e No^^Sea over a plain
:ity towards theLake Qanufou, wh ch bbs aTflow""^ ,' "?"" ^'^ ^y ">=
eceives and difcharges its Wat/r thro gh two" pesTlLT. "".' ''^ "^"'

^"'^ '
.yning Curtha^ena to the Main Coaft. ThkCiX bift 1 .' """^r' " '""^
Bridge, n. ^.hundred Stone Houfes, being divided intL ^ r , '""^ ^"" ^''"^^ ^^^
''^^-""
- fix hundred and twenty iScIug Xd" Ih Ho^f '"";^' ^''"^"^ ^^^ '
;hurch appears above all the other^Buildings Th" " ' """^^ ' ^"'^
^''^
irly built ., neither is the Franafc^^ inZr fo 'it who T"l ?^/" '' ^^^
cc on the Main Continent over the Br d Th C ft [ ^r ^''^ ' '^^^"'^
^di>e Courts for the whole Provinc of r! ,/ <;ft-''\''^ and Court where
f^e Haven hath two Entrances, the chiefeft whereof li'es ha f T '^ l'?
""'
om the City, and the Wcftern call'd r . -n V''" ''^'^ ^ league Eaftwird
-. becaufLf the -ny S fi ht 1 ; ilf^e'Th?^'" ^ '"'^ 7"^ '^"S^
ci5 2)..Ae took CanhaLa bv Storm f . , ^'- ^" '^Sj. when Sir
Jes two Forts for the brerfLurrtLreort"'r^"f'""^^ '^'"^' ''^ '
outh of the Haven with Ift on" rV ' )''"f "' ^""'^'^ "P '^' ""row
edicated to ^he bI^:;^ iS^ ' Zatu^^ ^'"^ '^ ^" ^^^^^'
ral Out-works Forts ^n^ -r ' ' ^'^^ ^^^^^ ^^^y have fcows wealthy dlifyT ^'^Z^C^Ztt'^'f '7^^' ^^^ ""'^^
nn, and efpecially by the Trade 71 m ^^ ^, "" '''"' ^^^"''^ '% go to
- Ifland beforetL H ve7fnLtlvc!fr/r"^^^^^ '-^M.^iMna.
her.men when the SpZX T^aIK '^"^ """^ ^''^'"' '"J^^bited by
receiv'd

Itt

The Balfam
t>{ Totu very
famous.

. o^ J M E %I C J. Clmp. 11.
receivM a more fatal Blow ., for it was fcarce fully repaired, when five
French Pri' vateers burnt the City to Afhes : which Mifchief was occafion'd by a
Spaiiip? Sea-

man, who being whipt by Command of the Governor, refolving for Revenge,
went from Spain to France, and conduded the fore=mention'd Ships to
Qarthagena,
where he reveng d himfelf on the Governor ^ for finding him afleep, he
firft wak'd
him, and after having told him of his caufing him to be Whipt, he kiU'd
him.
The Booty which the Spaniards carried from thence at that time amounted
to above
a hundred and fifty thoufand Vucats,
2. Toluy hy xht Spaniards no^ c^W^ St. Jago, twelve Leagues diftant from
Car*
tlagena, a Place memorable for the excellent Balfam which is brought
from
thence, and commonly caird The 'Balfam of Tolu i it is gathered in a
Spoonful of
black Wax, ftuck under the Hole cut in the Bark of a low Pine-Tree, out
of which
in hot Weather runs a Golden cglour'd Gum, very foveraign, and of an
excellent
fmell.
3. St, Crux de Uopox, a neat Town, feated a little above the confluence
of the
two Rivers, St. Martha and Magdalena^ which waters this Province.
4. Saranca deNolambo, a Place of great Traffick, efpecially for all
Commodities
of the new Kingdom of Granada 5 it ftandeth upon the Banks of the River
Magda*
Una, and about fix Leagues diftant from the Sea.
5. (BuenaVifta, otherwife call'd St. Sehafi'tan de BuenaVtfta, a Town
commodi.
oufly feated upon a rifing Ground not far from the Gulf of Mrr^K or the
Sound of
Darien, about a League and a half from the Sea.
6. Villa de St. Maria, thirty Leagues Southward o^Carthagena.
The Province of Carthagena is ftor'd with many Brooks and great Rivers,
amongft which the Stream Cauca falls into the River Magdale?ia, beyond
^opayan
near Mopox,
The River ^enu, which gives Denomination to the above-mention'd Territory, makes a very convenient Harbor with its Mouth, where much Salt
is tc
be had.
The T)aria,\!vhich runs between fanama and Carthagena into the Inlet
Urraba, give;
its Denomination to the foregoing Province;, through which it alfo runs,

as hatt
been already mentioned.
The River which for its greatnefs is call'd ^0 Grande, or Magdalena,
(becaufe ii
was difcover'd on theDayConfecrated to that Saint) falls with fuch force
intoth(
Northern Ocean, about twenty three Leagues Eaftward from Carthagena^
that run
ning two Leagues broad and ten long into the Sea, it retains its
freflinefs of Water
in which therelyingmany Rocks, make,s the fame very dangerous for Ships.
In th
Mouth of the Haven lies an Ifland, which is divided by the River, the
wideft an<
. moft frequented Channel of which refpeds St.Uartha, where thofe that
carry th
Merchandifc up this Stream to l^ew Granada, fpend two Moncths in Toeing,
when
as they come from thence in three Weeks.
Thunder and Lightning rages here many times after a terrible manner fron
Midnight till Morning. In J44r> there falls alfo abundance of Rain,
which gli
ding from the Mountains fwells the River exceedingly.

Rivers of
Carthagma^

Sec

Chap. II.

Sect. V.

403

St. Martli

id

i, Martha. Co cali'd from rhi^ ^Ui^C /^- r t t^

icore and ten Leagues in length cnA ^^. ^ li r 1 "'^S ^"^ is aDout
threea,ftributed .nco federal lie e I ,W ZZn, 1 /r "'^^ "^ '^ "" ^""^"''^
men^-and above ail the reft, tA'^^ pt'^^;; f" -''>-"f"l Wo- ,
WaragainfttheS/,,WOlyin.attheCtffhrif It ^ "^^ maintain'd
nu;d Ridge chrough .. and C/.. J.he I.Jw ^iZ.' " ^'"^ ^ ^ -"'''
ThisCountrey wasDifcover'd.andpartofitPlanrtl ./ l ^ ,
S./W who afterwards was mu^der-d^n'risL'p: tfll^^^ J ^"''-'^ ^^
The Sun fliines fo exceeding hot near the Sea co.ii- .h,, u *P'^- ,
the i:.me, but upin the Countr'ey the LZl Mountl oc tn " " r t'"^. 'Harveft and O^ohr it Rains exceedingly, JheasatTther times f" 1 '"'^ "
=-Jher, and the Winds blow generallyl!;: of the Eaft :' N lE^ft'^
re'tl^'^T -Breezes co^.ng out of the Weft bring fometin.es Rains with tL From th
Mountains, which are ftonv and barvpn All ^ r, , , ' ^^^^ ^^^
ter divers Pla.ns, the Grafs L^St^Tp^ts oT^hi^r ^tn biaTd' b"'"'' 7'"
Storms . neverthelefs Oranees Lemmnn, r , ?, '*^'^ ^^ ^''"
Fruits g^ow here in great pT;yTreW;o;rff"/n^ ''V'"" of 5;,..^. Garden
Venifol and the like', thfS. aTltlnefof/'ft '^^^
great numbers twenty Yards under th^wZ ,^'\''^''^, ^' '^en to fwim in
near which formerly liv'd ^an^p ftt 1 l^'^^'",'"^ '" "^^ "^-'^ ^'- ^-K
pleited together, caught fuch pLn v of fTft '^ ^"5 ^Z "''^' "^ '''^^
Twigs
WwaysareLded^y^^^^^^^^^^
a5.^sx7fnirc^ttt^^
^any rich Emeraulds, which Stones us'd to be i^r at efteem l f ""^^^
^"""' --"
kc'd fuch gteatnumbers of them, ^co/?, relate Sal /^A"" ^^
:he Price of an Emerauld, (hew'd two to an t ,11 ,1 ^ T '"'f "" '
'^""^
t hundred, the other at three hunZd LcTZc 7' f '^ ^'^ ""'^ "
:hem,faid they were fcare worth aSlfw ' Ju" l" '"'" ' ^'"^'^ ^"'1 f
:aay wore,bLgbefetw;:htefai T .
at,,v,ou\d not fell now for half fo mnrh TV c x . thoufand Dk=
he Sight, wherefore the Emp o Z r;Snt:rh:Vrd T''"''' '""^" "
ers in an Emerauld It i/=,ir jj? '"' f^ '''y Encounters of Fenvherefote the U !'ha g temt^tl^Kof^ Tt T"' t' ^^"'"g-fi^knefs, , '

^ith them , they grow l fiTn RocTs It Veil^^'^ tZ'X.TaT T

ime obtain a slitterine Greennef, rh. u- a r l ' . ^^ Cryftal, and in
.oft efteem-lof in gII. T flSj'f ''^U^ '""' '" ^''^ ^^^ ^^^
unt ftood in Henules-s Tem le in t^e Ckv of T '' t""^ " ' ""'^"^"'
''"- ^
.e Antients, was without d"ubt n 1 I ^''^' ""''"^ ^"^ ^''"=
^"'"S'*
- Materill, was t^e^Ula; e aea^y^Thf r.f :r;r ' -^P"'"P\^ ^'^
'ea^alata...Butthegreatfameo/thtLi::;:^S^^^^^^^^^
Gdver*

4-0+

<a M E%I C A.

Chap. II.

Chief Cities
and Places
of note.

1 T^i ^r^A fppk for them to which end he

Governor of S.U.rtU, ro leave ^^ P^ce and^^ek fo th^^^^^^^^^
Sail'd up Che Rivulet G.>..wuh two Kchc. and forc)h J^^^J^,^^^^ ^^ ^^^
with the Caficjue U^oUa ^o. n,uch Gold of h. ^^^^^^^ ^^^_^^_^^
Valley T^c. , of which "-'''" ]'""X whence he return'd exceedingly
,hree Leagues farther to an Emerud Rock - , ^^^^ .^^^^^ ,,,i ,,..
enriched -, the rumor of whu^ f^^^'^^^Lor of T.na F,n,., who fending for
ther ; a"Sft,l>'7X" w;^o S-so"'., who refifted him fo. feme time,
A.d from OrtHjn^^ f:;!e\tade place wlh them for a confiderable quantity
of
till at laft bemg defeated he made 1 eace w j; his Word, he plun... .... Gold ; Which When feter hUgo had '""^/'.^"Xble Cruelties on the
Nanr^-' der-d In the Countrey, -^'il^--g-7Xfs of 3 and Emeraulds to S.
Uar"" tives, return'd home with an rnvaluable Mafs of Go^d a ^._

...>. ^U Notlongaftertheir^-, G-.Kng^^^ .d traveled

'- .y the Emperor CUrUs '^^ .^Ji^;^ /w^t L- ^-i^"' ^"^"^^ ^"through the fnowy Mountams of 6(. MartM w
aions'foUowing.they digg d f-V^^-f "J/ f^^ ^'.f w^^^^ out of
bitantsofwhich affrighted at the fight of '^^ ^t^^f"'^ g ^^_^
to. Jg^es, taftmg Uke Chefnuts. !., ^^'^^f/-^^^^^^^^ ,. s.. K..^.,
The ch.ef Cities and P'-^ f^Te p : -^^ at the Korth Sea
which gives Denommatron to 'l^'^J;^;" being defended fron. the Winds bj
wh.ch makes a ^^f ^^^^^^ f^j^r^: 'ee Ld hath a large Cathedral. Th,
high Mountams a,d^ofles>^^^^^^^ and fome with woodder
Houfes bu'^^fj^^'"" ';'";; her Fort nor Caftle to defend it, becaufe
there.
Shingles. The Haven ^=h ^"^J J^J^ Earthen Ware and Cotton Clothes t<
no Trade but with the WmwJ, which wmg E the Place is much eone t<
fell , and becaufe the ^'-^^^'l^P^/f/rjIf de ^g^^^^^^ of fn Ene
decay, and the more, "^^^"^I^'^Zm^IJ.^^^^^^ SirFc,
S:"d tt: Si::rvt:r iapttdi.. ....took advantage of. an,
''^:'%t::l'^:^tT^^r.V. of the River U.gM.n., forty Leagues fror
'' ^ W..,, otherwife call'd F'^^ ^^ l^ ''l^Zji^Sl^lt. OtJ
Jjf, lying on a high ftony f -"', >^:rm:4e bV^ r^ of the R
rurrounded with high woe.. ^^^^^^^^^
vers, whole banks are innaoiicu uy , . ^knnrlanre of Fifti, as alio Crc
Drinking. The Pools before mentioned produce abundance
codiles, and the terrible U^mti before dcfcrib d.
4. 0mw, which hath an Inland Haven. . ,, j^.^^ ^f ^he Mountai
5.5l..<i.. formerly cairdN.. 5./.-.^
call'd Sun. Ne.ai.s. This Town is f^-- ^'"^ ^^^^^^^ , ,he Shore of tl
6. ay-aaUe Us <Rsr.s, wh.ch b-1-" - V ;^^ y,,,.^ ,ai u.y the Eafte,
niighty River Guat.foreya, where from f^^f^^^ \ [^^ ^/^i,i ^,,,, ,her
Breezes moderate the Heat, otherwife mtolerabl B ^^^j^
about occafions the 2-'- Ague, and "^"y/"'^^''^;^^""!,/.. The peculi
hereabouts, falvage and valiant, would never fubmit to the Sf.n,..U. p

eiiap. IL^ ' A M E 'R 1 t A. 405

The peculiar Plants of this Place are the Tree Xagua^ which bears a
Fruit like The Tree
a Raifin, which dry'd anH ground yields exceeding good Meal for Bread.
^^^'*'*'
The Root 5co;xo^^^, which cures the Bitings of Serpents. The Indians
alfo ufe ^he Roo. ;
the Tail of a Serpent for a Remedy againft the faitie Evil, as they take
Tobacco ^'''^'"'"''
againft the Falling-ficknefs, and fnufFthe Powder in at their Noftrils^
and drink
the Juice thereof to caufe Loofnefs.
The chief Rivers of this Province, are i. Tolomhio, fo call'd frona a
SpamjhQ^n. GhiefPjre
tain, that was drownM there with his Horfe, falling from the Sierra
NeVadas,
2. duatufori, whofe Water caufes the Bloody=flux and Loofnefs, which
again is
curM by the fame Water drunk with beaten Cinamon. Guatupori reckons many
Rivulets, amongft which the Cf/^r and 'Budillo^xc both large, deep, and
aboundin^r
withFifh. ^
Near the City Los %a are three great Water.pits, triangular between
ftony
Cliffs ; nigh which a- Tradition goes. That of old there lurk'd a
terrible Serpent,
which at times devour'd a thoufand People 5 infomuch that none durft
dwell there*
abouts, till certain Spaniards having the hardinefs and curiofity to go
feek out this
Serpent, heard a great noife in the Pits, but faw nothing like the foremention'd
Animal.
Here arc likewife feveral Fountains of Pitch and Tar, -

iwns

K c T. Vii ":,

Rio dela Hachci.

lodelaHaeha is the Name of a little Province lying on the North.Eaft
ofA-w,/.^?^.
St. Martha, wafh'd on a=ll other parts with the Waters of the Main
Ocean, '^''
or with theGulf or Bay of r^e;^Me/^.
The chief Towns of this Province, are i. A fmall Town call'd De la
Hacha, chief To
which gives Denomination to the faid Province, having no convenient
Haven] ^ ^
but otherwife feated in a Soil very rich and fertile, not onely of all
forts of Fruits ^
and Plants, efpccially fuch as are brought from 6>^m/but likewife in
many Mines
of Gold, Gems ofa large fize and great value, and many excellent
Salt=Wiches, as
they call them ; It is eight Leagues diftant from Salamanca aforefaid,
and eighteen
frome Cape Vtlk, the moft Wefterly Point or Foreland of the Bay
o^Fene^uela and
with the reft had the hap to be furpris'd and piUag'd by the EngltjJ?
with Sir Francis
Drake in the Year 1595. who refus'd twenty four thoufand Ducats, which
the Governor proffer'd him for the Pearls he had taken.
2, %ancheria, fix Leagues Eaftward of La Hacha, inhabited chiefly by
Pearl
Fifliers, or fuch as get their Living for the moft part by Fifhing for
Pearl, which
was wont to be good on thefe Coafts.
3. Tapia, five Leagues from La Hacha, and confiderable, for that the
adjacent
Parts were laid wafte by the Engltf?, to revenge the perfidioufnefs of
the Governor
of Salamanca, refufing to pay the four thoufand Ducats he had promised,
upon Con^
dition of their fparing the Town.
The laft King of thofe that Govern^ in any of thefe Provinces of Terra
Firma, ^^'hc
was Ahiheca, who could not be won to come down from his Palace, which he
had tSfsSSi
on the top ofa Tree, till a Spamfl? Officer, one Francifco de Vanque^
began to lay an
Ax to the Root thereof.
^ After Didaco Niquefa, Jlphonfo Oreda, and Jnctfo, had made very large
Difcoveries in thefe Fxoyinces.Falha was the firft thatdifcover'd the Way to
the South-Sea.

Q.q . CHAP.

Ebe

j^o6

AMERICA.

ChaD. III.

CHAP. III.

ew Granada.

Firft Difcovery of l^exf

Granada.

Gcufalvt X/tntnes his Expedition.

"^He new Kingdom o^ Granada, as 'tis commonly callM, was for the moft
part both difcoverM and conquered by Gonfaho Ximemsy about the Year
1536. and with fo good Tuccefs, that in lefs than a years fpace, the
whole
Countrcy was quietly fetled under the Spaniards Government, and the

Captain with
his fmall Company had made Ihift to gather together fuch a Mafs of
Treafure as
may feem almoft incredible, vi;^. from the (^e^uli, or petty Princes of
thofe Countreys, whom he had either deflroy'd or made Tributary. But a more
particular
Relation of Xmenes his Journey take as folio weth :
Being fent out by (peter Ferdinando de Lu^o, to difcovcr the Countreys
that lay
along the River Magdaiena, he travelled upon the right fide of it with
great trouble ;
for not onely the brambly Woods, Moors, and deep Brooks, made the Way
exceeding bad to be travelled, but alfo the Inhabitants, who fell upon him
from thcij:
Ambufcades : yet at lad he reached Tora, which Name he chang d into
^mhlo de los
^racos, becaufe four Rivers unite their Waters there. Here ordering his
Brigantines which were come up the River to call: their Anchors, he judg'd it
convenient
to ftay all the Winter, becaufe the fwoln Rivers had drown d the
adjacent Countrey. Ximems obferving that the hidians fetch'd Salt from the Sea-fide,
judg d that
the Countrey was inhabited, and therefore in fair Weather march'd up to
the
Mountain Opou, behind which he found a Countrey full of Salt-pools,
which pro*
duc'd Cakes of Salt. And fomewhat farther the Province Govern d by the
Cafiquc
^ogata, who at firft refiftingthe Spatiiards, was foon put to flight,
when he heard the
noife of the Guns. The Tanches divided from Bogatas Countrey by a fmall
Mountain, alfo maintaining continual Wars with him, fuffer'd the Spaniards
unmolefted -to travel through their Countrey, and the Valley La Trompetta,
to a high barren Mountain, on the top of which Xmenes found feveral Emeraulds and
going
from thence fell upon the Cafique Tunia, and three days Journey farther,
upon the
Governors Sagamofa and Viutama j from which three Countreys he carried
above a
hundred and ninety thoufand pieces of fine Gold, fifty five thoufand
pieces of indifferent Gold, and eighteen hundred Emeraulds 5 all which
ih^SpaniardsMx. behind
with Guards whileft they went back to ^ogata, whom they found lying dead
of his
Wounds on a high Hill : But Sagipa, 'Bogatas Succe(for, received Xmenes
with great
Civility, to engage his AiTiftance againft his Neighbors the Ranches ;
which he did

not refufe him : but afterwards he fell moft perfidioufly upon the faid
Sagipa, whom
he caus'd to be Executed, becaufe he either could not, or would not
difcover where
thofe Riches were which %dt^ had left behind him. After he had pillag'd
the
little Region ISleyha, and brought into fubjedion the whole Countrey, he
gave it
the Name of N^ib Granada, from Granada the place of his Nativity, being
the chief
City of the Kingdom o^ Granada in Spai?i, and built the City Santa Fe 5
which done,
he quitted the Place, upon information thit Sehajiian de 'BeValca;^ar
coming from
(popayan, was feeking a Way Northward ; and not long after him Nicholas
Federnwi
foUowM, each chiming^' Keii? Granada as their Right, whereas Ximencs
alledg'd,
That the firft Difcovery thereof was to be afcribed to him onely : at
laft Agree*
ing, they refolv'd that itfhould be at the King o[ Spain's difpofal.
The

Cliap. IIL. ^ M E%^I C A

The antient Inhabitants, nam'd AfoY^y divided tU^\. nrs ' ^. , .^
.h. Wo.e alfo handrJi, .a of . f... c'^L;;:;!!: Tel SS^ ?
ThcKHabuafoconfiftedof black, white, and dLrs colour'd Cotton CI .1
*nd feme alio had Bonnets of the fame. The temperateriefs of tt CI , '
lictled.fFe.ce between Winte. and S.t.er. xCirHol 'J ^ o pTalVs" td
cover d WKh ong RulLcs. Their chiefeft Food was M.^ and C^r which tX '
grows on Stalks as large as Canes, containing very large and weigh y
Spits o!
Ears, each Ear generally yielding feven hundred Grains, which are
Planted in ho
SiTtil i'-;" ^"'''' Sow'n, generally prodnces three hundrer B^ h
Ma,^ .s diftrnguift d into a courfer or finer fort, which laft is call'd
Moroche he
BreYJr he^r t^^'^^' \ -'-'- ^-vender for Horfes, anTlet fn '
Bread for the Inhabitants, who rt,ake it feveral ways ; for fometime
they bovl it in
o Dough they n^ake.nto Cakes, Biskets, and the like : Moreover Md^
fteeo'd iri
alfo ufe G/.J., wh.ch they ttiake of the Root luc, which b in,, large
^nd thick i^

cut m pieces grated, and alUts Juice, which is deadly poyfon' beL pret'd
o'u
;oy?ont::ii?to-^'"^ d"^''=- ^"'^" '- '' ^-^' whi'hTr fori
S The ^^^P "g god a long time, and is both wholfom, and of a good
vfn f p ^"'"" f i^ 1'^ J """^h upon the Roots Tonus, and f L .11 forts
of
The 'P^imc/mj which remain are yet a falvasePennl? I,,,, ,(, ,n
different fertile Soil, though not in ,11 I \T^ r ''^"^^ountrey is an
in- xha N.,a
T. fed much her t f el "i;:;!'!"::' V "' t'' 7''"' '''" "P" '^-""'
Wings, others leffer and withouTwmgs w ch taTfo r?'""^' '^ '""^
counteda great Dainty, anda fpeedrZ'edTalainft the D ft '" "'?;'' '''
'"
TherparPdir^^ r . f ''^'^""^"y **""* the Diftemper of the GravcL
1 here are alfo a fort of venomous Pifmires, which flinging a Man caufe
a (^ \\
ing and great Itching, and thefe are I1'rl T.. l r . ' ^"'
Plaifter of bruis'd Pif:r,ires -"^""^ "'''^' ^""S^ "^ ^''* ^y a
S not wt5 d,lf ''.^ ontheEaft with r.^.^ u,e Southern pa'rts of i
"nl^"
ucing not well dilcoverd, by reafon of certain hna^ -.r.A /r i i x, ^^
Gr^.^.,
which block it up wholly'on'that fide, fave oTely X e pTIat kep T"^'"^'
CO the Province oi^Peru fnpri.lK, C^ iim t ^ ^^P^ ^P^" ^""

and Dinienfi.
s of Movtt

Q^q

Sec t.

4^8^

^ M E "Kl C A,

Chap. IIL

Defcription
of Granaia,

Towns of
chitf nole.

caima.,

S E C To II.
Granada.
(I(amda, fpecially To call'd, is a Countrey of a very temperate and good
A ir,
as hath been before obferv'd, neither fubjed to over-nruch Cold, nor to
extremity of Heat j which is the more to be admir'd by reafon of its
near*
iiefs to the Line, from which it is diftant Northward but a.very few
Degrees.
The Towns and Places of chief importance are, i. .St.Foy, commonly
call'd
St. Foy de <Ba^ota, which was the old Name of this Province, and to
diftinguiOi it
from another St.Fojjin the Countrey of IN^^T}? Mexico above mentioned.
It is the Metropolis and Capital City of this Province, an Arch-biOiop's See, and
the ordinary
Refidence of the Governor, built by the above-mcntion'd Gonfaho Ximenes
upon
the Lake call'd Guatavita, and hath been long fmce inhabited by above
fix hundred
V2imi\ics o^Spa?2iards.
2 . St. Michael, twelve Leagues Northward of St. Foy, and a well Traded
Town.
The Indians that dwell about this Place being above five thoufand, pay
great Tribute yearly. Not far from hence lies the Lake GuataVtta, where the
Inhabitants in
former times Oflfer'd much Gold to their Idols.

3. rocaima, fourteen Leagues Weftward from St. Foy, within a Territory

which
antiently belong d to the '?4ck^,whoyet poffefs the worftpart of it,
lying ftill wild
and unrcduc'd : It is lltuate on the Banks of the great River ^att,
which falls into
Co.:.o<iines the KivyAti Magdaknu. This City, which enjoys the benefit
of a wholfom Cli^refof'rr mate, is furrounded with Mines of Gold, Copper, Silver, and
Lead. And bcfides
the Fruits of the Countrey, ^WSfanijh Plants thrive exceedingly after
once Planted;
and though Sheep will not breed here, yet Kine, Hogs, and Goats increafe
daily,
but are often devoured by Tygers, Lyons, and Bears. The Woods produce
NutTrees, Cedars, Gmtacum, or (Fock-Wood,2.n^ the wonderful Tree Zeyha,
whofe Leaves
fall off every twelve hours, and grow again. The Fowls of this Countrey
are ma=
ny and i^everal. Near the City are fulphurous Fountains, whofe Waters
cure Scabs
and Leprofie. In the Valleys alfo flow Springs of fait Water, which
thrown on
Herbs, turns to Rozen and Pitch, and is good to make Boats tight. The
tops of
the Mountains are continually cover'd with Snow, notwithftanding fome of
them
vomit forth horrible Flames and Aflies, which arc blown feveral Leagues
over the
Countrey. The vicifTitude of the Weather occafions two Summers and two
Winters . the flril Summer begins in Vecemher, and the fecond in June 5 the
firft Winter
accordingly begins in March, and the other in Ocioher. This alteration
of Seafons
is not diftinguifli'd by any change of Heat or Cold, but the continuance
of fair
Weather during the Summer, and in the Winter, of fuch terrible
Hurricanes, that
blow from North to South, or from South to North, with fuch Thundering
and
Lightning, as if the end of the World were at hand* The chiefeft Trees
that grow
here are Cedars, and one that bears exceeding great Almonds. The Quaqtie
alfo
bears a pleafant Fruit about the bignefs of a Goofe-Egg ; and the FigTree, Figs as
large as Oranges. The J^na^^ which grows here is of fuch a nature, that
an Buro^
*^jfleeping under it, fwells exceedingly, but an Indian burfts. The
Bark and
Sprigs of the Hobo, which grows high and round, fcrve againft Swellings
and Ulcers, and occafion alfo Loofnefs. Sugar^Cancs grow alfo here in great
abundance,

amongft which feed certain Beaftslike Hogs, whofe Navels grow on their
Backs ;
and hvoc Stass. The Fountains in moil places of this Countrey run with
fak
^ ^ Water

>tMW>^

Chap. iO. ^ ^ M ^ \^t C jf. ' ^ep

Water 5 and fbmetimes Sale is found betwen freiLAVater Brooks; The
Natives
who are valiant, iubtile, and well proportioned, are fince their givlner
overeating
of Mans flefli much increasM, and many of them forfaking their Hcatl) en
ifii Idola^
try, have embrac'd the (^oM^.Crtf/W/d Reliojon.
4. L.!P./m. built ^,,57i. in, r:aiWcr.-ito^^ the People whereof were
antiently call d Mujt and Colym^e.
5. Trinid^i, which is indeed the antientrWe/^renewM, or a City fpruna
out of
the Ruines thereof. This Tudda flood on the Shore of the River ^T.'w
which run
nmg between h,gh Mountains, makes the Rivulet Tumena, and in theVame
Territory as Lafdma above mention'd, W^. of the Mufi & Colju^M whom the
Spa,mrd. '
who had here a Colony, were fo exceedingly molefted.that they deferred
the fame'
together with their Governor <Peter de Orjua : yet not long after the
forfaken Place
was again re-bu.lt by the Name oflnnidad , but that Place proving
incommodi.
ous, wasagam abandort d, and a n,:wTnmdad built, where now it isfo be
feen on a
convenient place Eaftward from the high and cold Mountain famno. From
feve.
ral nch Gemm^nes thereabouts arc digg'd ftore of Emeraulds, Cryftal like
Diamonds white Marble, and the Beryl, efpecially on the Mountains Yloco and
Jhipi '
6. r., having a Territory about it, to which it gives Denomination It
lies
on a high HiU, from whence the Church and two Cloyfters of the Domima,,
Fry.
gLII ' ' ^''" '"" ""' ''^ i^ kept the greateft Market in liL
7. f'../.e/<>.fixty Leagues diftant from S^ Foj to the North- Eaft,
abounding
with Cartel and Gold. &

S- Merida, furrounded with Corn-Fields. the fartheft Town of this Prov

North-Eaftward towards fene^uela.
vomitf?'"' ""f^ '''"^^i' t^'" S'^^F^Judice h a burning a Mountain th.
vomits Fire and Stones, and alfo Thunder arid Lightning, is the greateft
Refid,
of leveral Orders of Fryers. ^ o' &
J^\^17t''''\Ta"""^^'^ 5^S.J.y^^./0, which lies under a hot Climate, and hath much Pafture.
1 1 . Ihague, the Habitation chiefly of T>ominkans.
leat^ed m nch Nook of the Countrey, where there are good Silver and 00^^
TKe Merchandife that come to thefe Towj
in Canoos of iixty Foot long.

'ince
lat
lence

^ns.are brought up the River Magdalam

Sect. lit
Popayana.
^nlTVr' other part of this new Kingdom, is bordered on the Weft with
=^-"
tCmtft "^ \'^''' ^''''" ^'''^'^ "^^ ^^" '' ^^"'- divides it fo
pit^:?'i.
Weft i^f/'"'- O"'^'^ North it hath 2^V.Ai./^/., or Carthage,., on th
'"""'
Norfh r^ .?T J ^' "'"''^ '" '"S''^ ^b^^ '^ I^undred Leagues from
yet not foVu th ;he f r""'/ 7 " ^f ' ^' ' ^'"'^ ' '""='' ^"'^j^^ ^
I^-".
UoftX'vt'weU "^"'^'^'"''^"'^""^^'^^ '"''"'^^y f the Inhabitants'
Q^^ 3 ' . Sthaftim

J M Eli^I C J.

Chap. IIL

Cities and
Towns of
chief note.

Sehajiian de ^eyalcaz^ary Governor o^ Quito, mzxc\\\nojnno 153^. with a

Company
o^ Spaniards to Otabalo, where the Countrey fapayan begins, was often
let upon by
the Natives from their Ambufcades, and the many Inconveniences which he
fufferM for want of Provifions, and trouble of travelling over the high
Mountains,
had neceflitatcd him to return^ had he not been refolutely bent to
difcover the
Countrey ; to which purpofe marching on leifurely, he came into the
heart of
fopaya?i, where his wearied People fufficiently refting therafelves
amidft a fruitful
Countrey, where they found pleafant FruitTrees, Houfes full of
Provifions, and
frefli Rivers, which glided from the Mountain Andesy and fome of the
Rivulets alfo
affording Gold, were encourag'd to build feveral Villages 5 in which
neverthelefs
they made no Settlement, either becaufe they could not get Gold enough,
or elfe
being driven from thence by the valiant Natives.
The Places of chief note in it, are i. fopayan, fituate on the Banks of
a fair River, but not nam'd, and in the midft of a Plain in a place of great
Wealth, and enjoying a good Air. The original of the Name fopayan is from the Qfique
who Go*
vernM there at the time of the Spaniards firft Arrival. It is a
Bifliop's See, and the
ordinary Refidence of the Governor of the Province. The chief Buildings
arc the
Cathedral, and a Monaftery of the Fryers De laMerced. The SaVanna
Grounds towards the North feed many fat Cattel. The Fields produce the beft
American Mai^.
Some of the adjacent Mountains either vomit Smoak,Flames, great
Stones,or fcald*

ing Water, leaving a Salt behind it. Beyond the City fopayan the great
River Ma^^
dalena takes its original in the Valley Cali, where feveral Brooks
gliding from the
Mountain Andes, inhabited by the Cocunocos, unite their Waters.
2. Jntiochia, othcvwik call'd St. Fides de Antiochiay on the Borders of
NeTb ^hJ4lu:Kia, and about a hundred Leagues from (popayan. In the midft of a
fmall Territory
to which it gives Name, in the Valley Nore^ between the River Magdalena
and Daria,
wafli'd by Rivulets, whofe Sands are Golden, and whofe Banks are fliaded
with all
forts of Ff uit-Trees. The Inhabitants white and very rational, fleep in
the Night
under the open Skye : Their Houfes are built a good diftance from the
Highways ; near which the Paftures feed abundance of Sheep. The Pools breed
plenty
of Fifh, and the Mines ftore of Gold, efpecially in the Mountain
Swrif^Vd.
3. Caramanta, feated likewife on the Banks of the River St. Martha,
within a little
Province alfo of the fame Name; the Inhabitants whereof being valiant
and ftrong
go naked, and dwell in little Huts, make white Salt out of a Fountain
and a little
Lake: they generally go to ^wtioc/;/^ in fix hours, which is forty five
Leagues, fo
fwift runs the Stream.
4. St. Anne, in the Cantred or Hundred o^Jn:^erma, a Town neatly fituate
upon
the fide of an Hill betwixt two Rivers, and in the midft of Plain no
lefs pleafant
than fertile : It was focallM by 5eVd/c4^ar,becaufe the Indians of this
Place name the
Salt Jn:^er j it is furrounded with Villages and Woods on a high Plain
between
two Rivers. The Air being exceeding hot, lightens generally every day.
5. The Village ^mhlo Liana, which is inhabited by little People, who
Trade in
Salt, and have alfo Golden Rivulets. Near this Place is the Valley
Jhurra, confifting ofmany fruitful Plains, moiftned by feveral Rivers ; the Inhabitants
whereof
at the Spaniards firft coming thither, hang d themfelves, with their
Wives and
Children. ^ 6. St.JagodeArma, built in a Wood of Palm-Trees, fo nam'd from the
Territory in which it ftandeth, rich and famous for its Mines of Gold, which

it is faid to
have many and very good : The Ground round about being Mountainous, hath
feveral Rivers, the chiefeft whereof call'd Vi Arma^ is dangerous to
crofs, efpecially
in

^tik

Chap. Ill,

A M E R I C

in Winter. The imwholfom Air hereabouts occafions many Sickneffes,

Amotigfl
other Fruits that grow in this County, is the <^yuha^ci^ which whoe're
eats, voids
Urine as red as Blood. Adjacent to it are the liccle Provinces Taucuran,
fo^o, and
ficara, which poiTefs Golden Mines : alfo the Territory C^rrapa, which
hath' hiah
and rugged Land, and many Rivulets : like wife the County Q^utmbaya,
which 1bounds with thick and long Canes, v^/hcrewith the Natives build^their
Houfes * in
the hollow Bodies of thefe Canes the wild Bees gather (lore of Honey
-andamonaft
them breed alfo exceeding great Lyons, the four-footed Beaft Chuca,
which carrtes
its Young in a Bag,Stags,Rabbets znAGuadaquimjes, which being bigger
than Hares
are exceeding good Meat. The Mountain ^eW^, wonderful high, and fmoaking
continually,produces the golden Rivers Tacurumhl Sc De la Cequo. Twenty
Leagues or
more diftant from St.Jagois, 7. Carthago.the chief City of Qumhayaes,
and by which
the aforefaid Rivers run. The temperate Climate here gives Health and

long Life
to the Inhabitants, who have feveral Fountains of fait Water, and the
Fruit Caymlto,
not unlike a Peach, black within, having little Kernels, and a Juice
which Dyes
fo deep, that it can fcarce be wafli'd off. Horfes and Cows they have
likewife very
plentiful Grt^oitfelf ftands in a pleafant Plain between two Rivulets .
the
Ways that lead to the fame are very dirty, becaufe of the continual Rain
which
falls there, with Lightning and Thunder. A League beyond the City flows
the
Stream Co?z/of^ 5 near which lies a Lake, out of which Salt is made,
8. The City Cali, the Refidencefor the Governor and Colkaror^ lying
under a
hot Climate in a plain Valley at a River, which falling from the
Mountain, glides
to the Stte^m Ma^dalena, Round about the fame dwelt antiently feveral
People,
V/^. the Gorroms, fo call'd, becaufe they nam'd a Fifh Gonon, the
Chancos, Giants'
with long Faces and broad Foreheads,the Jar hacoas, Jonahs, and Los
Ttmhas, inhabi'
ting among barren Mountains j but moft of them were flain by the
Spaniards, or
deftroy'd by one another, few onely efcaping to the tops of the
Mountains. The
Countrey alfo fwarms with wild Beafts, which have alfo devour^ many of
the
Inhabitants, both Indians and Spaniards.
9. The Haven !Bonai;entnre, fituate in a deep Inlet, about which live
fome Fa^
milies which fend the Commodities that come from New Spain to ?opayan,
Cali^ and
other Places ; and though there be a Way along by the River Dagua,
convenient
for Mules and Horfes to travel, yet it is feldom us'd, becaufe the
Cattel are fo wea*
tied out with the long Journey, that they cannot go through with their
Loads .
wherefore they employ the Indians to carry their heavy Burthens over the
Moun^
tains, which they do for a fmall Reward.
10. St. Juan de ^afto, giving Denomination to the Countrey about it, and
beincr
built on the pleafant Plains of the Valley Jtm, is fituate in a wholfom

Climate^
and is moiftned by feveral Fountains and the River Jngafmayo, the
Boundary of
^eru. The Spaniards have feveral Houfes here, and breed ftore of Cattel,
and efpecially Hogs. They have likewife Sugar-Mills, with which they make
abundance of
Sugar. The antient Inhabitants were falvage, deform'd, and of little
Reafon.
u. Tmana, giving Denomination to the Countrey about, is plac'd under a
hot
Climate, yet the Inhabitants live long they drive a great Trade with
Thred fpun
out of the Herb Tita ; and alfo with Sweet-meats, Fruits Preferv'd with
Honey and
Sugar, and efpecially a Kernel not unlike an Almond. In their Gardens
they Plant
the Herb Coco^, which they chew conflantly for the flrengthning of their
Hearts.
Near ftta is a Mountain with Load.ftones and fomewhat farther the
Habitations
of the valiant lakones in the Valley Jqmrya, the faeces, <Ptxaos, and
Manipos, which
fo molefted the Spaniards, that they forced them to forfake the Towns
:^eyra,
St. FmcenP, and Ftlie de los Angelos. , ,. q,,,^,.

4U

1^

4.IZ J M E%I C J. Chap. IV.

12. Guadalajara de 'Bti^a ; and 13. Sebaftian ie la flata, built on a
Plaiii near the
KiYCY Guali -^ the Countrey about which is exceedingly troubled with
Earthquakes
and the Inhabitants with their Neighbors the Nmeresj who bring the Fiefh
of their
Prifoners to Sale in the publick Shambles.
1 4. Jlmaguej built on a high Mountain, and lying under a cool Climate,
is furrounded with fruitful Fields, which feed ftore of Gattel, and enrich'd
with feveral
Gold^Mines.
15. Juafi de Trux'tiloj which the Indians call Tfcance,

16. Madrigall '^ 17. Qhafanchipa -^ 18. Malaga-^ and ip. Jgreda -^ the
Mountains
about which inclofe flore of Gold.
Between the Promontory T)e Corrientes and the Ifland f almas, are the
Rivers Salinas and ^alfas, which fall into the Southern Ocean j St* Juan, whofe
Banks are in=
habited by a falvage People which dwell in the tops of the Trees,
becaufethc River oftentimes overflows the Countrey. They iowe Peafe and Beans^ and
catch
Fifh, but buy other Provifions, with Gold*
"^ml^' ^'" Againft the Mouth of this River St, Juan lies the Ifle
Gorgona, three Leagues in
. circumference, which is compared to Hell, becaufe of the difmal Woods
which are
upon it, barren Mountains, Millions of M/?ic/;o'i, whofe Stings are
intolerable
and never-ceafing Rain, infomuch that the Sun never fliines upon it.
Weft^South-Weft from Gorgona lies the round Ifland Vd Gallo, about a
League in
circumference ; it is divided by feveral Rivers, and round about Planted
with
Trees, on which the Indians dwell as at the River St, Juan,

The Ifle Bel

Gallo.

CHAP. IV.

eru

the Defer! ption and

Divifion of
Peru.

firUj fo call*d^ as fome think, from the River !Berw afore mentioned, in
the
Southern part of America^ was antiently a great and mighty Kingdom, as

Mexico in the Northern, and fell under the Power of the Spaniards much
after the fame manner that the Kingdom of Mexico did, Vi:^, through the
Diflentions
and Differences amongfl: the People themfelves, as in the Hiftory of
this confiderable part of the Ne"fl? World will be related at large hereafter.
The Kingdom of the Kings of CufcOy which in fome fence, and by fome
Writers
upon occafion, is called The Kingdom of^eru, was extended by the lafl:
Inca or King,
Huayna (^apac, from North to South above a thoufand Leagues together,
compre*'
bending not only a great part of the Province of Chile towards the
South, but
alfo the new Kingdom of Granada, and divers other Provinces to the North
5 but
Teru, properly fo call'd, containeth little more than half fo much,
yi;^, fix hundred Leagues in length, and about fifty or threefcore in breadth, except
onely in
fome places, as in the Countrey of Chacopoyas, where 'tis thought it may
be a hundred Leagues from the Jjides to the South Sea : It lieth between the
firfl; and fifth
Degrees of Southern Latitude, and is bounded on the Eafl: and North-Eaft
with
that vaft Ridge of Mountains which they call the A}ides ; on the Weft it
is wafli'd
with Mare del Zur j on the North it hath the Countrey of ^opayan j and
on the
South, Qhile : It is commonly divided into three parts, which they call
The Plains,
The Hill-Qountrey, and The Andes 5 the Plains are that part of the
Countrey which lie
alona

:hap. IV. ^ M E%^IC A.

long upon the Sea-Coaft, being for the mod part a meer Level without any
tlills
t all. The ^'mra^ as they call it, or BilhQountrey^ is that part of ^eru
which is part^ mountainous and partly plain, fertile and well inhabited in both. The
Andes ^it
3 high, rocky ;, and inacceflible, that they are fcarce inhabited at all
but by Salvaes, fave onely upon the skirts of them. The f tains from the Sea-fliore
to the
MCountrey, are for the moft part about ten Leagues over or broad, upon
which
: fcarce raineth all the year long. The HilUCountrey is commonly twenty
Leagues

1 breadth where narrowell ; and from September to Jpril hath Rain, the
refl: of the
'ear generally being fair Weather ; but on the Andes, which take up all
the reft
f the Countrey of 'Perw, it raineth almoft continually all the year
long. In the
iillCountrey their Summer begins in April, as is faid, and ends in
September ; but in
le flatus it begins in October, and ends in May j To that in the fpacc
of a day a Man
lay fcell both Summer and Winter j be fcorch'd with exceffive Heat in
the Morn
ig, and yet well nipt with Cold before Night. The Andes generally are
covered
nth thick Woods and wild Forrefts.The HtllCountrey is for a great fpace
naked and
pen J the Plains in many places fandy and dry, and would be much more
fcorch'd
rith Heat than they arc, but for the neighborhood of the Sea, which
affords them
lany cooling Gales from the South and South-Weft Winds, whofe property,
allough it be natural in other parts to be tempeftuous, to bring Rain and
foul Weaker, yet here there is nothing but Serenity and fair Sun-fliine days all
the year long,
though thcfe Winds blow almoft without ceafing upon the Countrey, and no
ther at any time, whereas the S'terra, or BtlUCountreys have Wind from
every Coaft^
idfuch as bringeth all forts of Weather with it, Rain, Hail, Froft,
Snow, great
aps of Thunder, <yc. The Countrey affordethnot fo much Cattelof the
breed of commoJi
Hrope as fome other Provinces qIl Jmerka^out in ftead of Kineand
Sheep,the Woods couatU!
id Paftures arc replenidi'd with multitudes of the Vicugnes and <Pacos,
which are of
lefs Profit and Service. The facos here are faid to be as big as fome
young Heirs of two years old, bearing a Fleece like Sheep, and their Flefh no
lefs pleafant
lan the Mutton of Europe, But the great Wealth of this Countrey lies out
of fight
1 the bowels of the Earth, vi;^. in thofe rich and (as they may feem)
inexhauftible
liacsboth of Gold and Silver, which, as 'tis well known, the Countrey of
(peru
[Fordeth more than any other Province of Jmerka befides. The S'mra opens
into
irge Valleys, amongft the chiefeft whereof are Xauxa, AndaguaiUs, and
lucay, all
f them well inhabited and fruitful. Below Cufco the Mountains Andes and
thofe
{Sierra run a greater diftance than elfewhere one from the other,
leaving thegread

lain Qalko in the middle. Moreover, fevcral fandy Wilds, without Water,
Herbs,
^rees, or any living Creature, except Birds, extend from I'tmbe^io
Taparaca. From
le Valleys flow feveral Rivers into the Southern Ocean. On the Mountain
fira
; a Fountain call'd Tuchio, which fprings in the Night, but is quite dry
in the Day
me. Alfo near the chief City Quito in the Valley Chilo, is a Fountain
whofe Wa- ATothl;rs boyl fafter or flower according as any one fpeaks fofter or louder 5
and when
ot a word is fpoken, it ftirs not at all. If any thing exceed this for
ftrangenefs, Amod won
: is a Rock in the Province Qoncuchos, which is all composed of black
and white '^"^'^^^^"^-^^
tones, which are fo neatly placM by Nature, as if Art had done a Mafterpiece,
1 the exaa placing of them one between another : but the chiefeft thing
belonaigtoit worthy of admiration, is a wonderful power either to heal or
hurt- for
"the black Stones in this Rock be touch'd by any, they caufe immediate
Death 5
rhenas the white ones cure all manner of Sickncffes, and being digg'd
out, leave I
eed behind them, out of which grow new Stones to fill up the empty
place,
luca Garcilajfo, Extraded from the feruyian Kings,tells us concerning
Plants/rhat
' ~ he

tain Pitchis.
Anot
tain.

a MB%J A

Chap. l

lie faw a Raddifli whick a Man with both Arms could fcarce embrace, and
tha:
under the fliade of their Leaves, Horfes might ftand. But of all the
'Per4 Fruit th(
ocoa is the crown, which grows on Trees of a Fathom long in hot and
moifl
Grounds of the Valleys between Andes and Siena ^ from whence it is
carried to th(
Sea-Coaft in long Baskets by Companies of three or four thoufand at a
time on th(
Backs of the Sheep Tacos, Before the Spaniards coming hither none might
chew
Cocoa without the Governor's leave : A handful thereof chew'd and fuck'd
in th(
Mouth, enables a Man to travel two days without any other Suftenancc,
and mix'c
with burnt Bones or Chalkpit is accounted an excellent Difli jthere is
fuch extraordinary plenty of them,thatthe Inhabitants fpend yearly 90000 Baskets of
the Leaves
in Pottage. The Teruans alfo efteem Mamayes, a Fruit which grows round,
not unlike a Peach, with two Stones, hard Rinds, and a well-rellifli'd Pulp
within,which
dipt in Sugar is a great Dainty ; they grow for the moft part in the
Iflands. The
Guaiyavas bears a wholfom and delicious Fruit like a large Plumb. Th^
Talto, a
Tree with many Boughs, bears a Fruit refemblingaPear, having a hard
Rind, and
within the Pulp a great Stone. The Fruit which grows on the J?mona hath
outwardly the fame fhape, but white within, and hath many black Kernels,
which
tafte very delicioufly. The Fruit Jndas, Co callM from the defolate
feruan Mountains on which they grow, rcfemble the fore.mention'd Cocoa, but differ
from the
H^y?-Jmi/^,becaurethey are full of hard fhell'd Almonds,the like
whereof grows on
the Tree Cachapoy as, which are not inferior to any European Fruits that
grow on Trees;
in that part of ?eru which hath its Name from that Fruit is the bed
iovt, being exccedingly devour^ by Monkies, who plucking the Cachapoya Almonds from
their
Stalks,^ throw them on the Ground to break their prickly Shells, that ib
they may
eat the Kernels without hurt. The M/Zc-Tree, being a fort of Grapes,

furnilhes
with Wine. But the gvcateft benefit the Inhabitants receive is by their
Sheep faces
and Moromoros, which'^cavTy great Loads, and feed on what they find by
the Way ;
their FleOi is good and wholfom, and being either Smoak^d or Salted,
keeps good a
confiderable umt ; thcis: Wool drefs'd aJlords Cmd^, of which they make
f^m
Tabic-

Chap. IV- A M E'R^I C A,

Table-clothes and Tapellry, which on both <iiAt^ is alike. The chlefeft
Weavers
liv'd formerly at Co^achica, near the great Lake TitKacu : They Dye
their Wool with
the Juice of boylM Herbs. It feems alfo Urange to confider what Loads
the foremennon'd Sheep carried/or befides all forts of Merchand ife^they convey
'd the Silver
from fotofi to Jrka, a Way of fixty three Leagues . but in former times
they
brought it as far again to Arequi^a . and though they carried two
thoufand Bars at
a time, amounting to above thirty thoufand Ducats, yet they had no other
Guard
but a few Herdfmen.who driving them flept with them in the Nights under
the bare
Skie, yet loft none of cbeir Riches, but when the bald Sheep
c^^Moromom^^^
weaned with their Loads, ftanding ftill, ftretch'd out their Necks, and
looking on
their Drivers, on a fudden ran up into the Mountains, hj which means the
Silver
was oft-times loft,if they were not fuddenly fliot. The woolly Sheep
facos have alfo
ftrange Tricks, for they often fall down under their Loads, and cannot
be aot up
again, but muft be let alone till they rife of themfelves. So foon as
one of the
Sheep hath gotten the Mange (yJ^hic\it\vtferuVian5tA\TecaMche,yihtjhmy
them
alive to prevent farther Infection.
The antient Natives, though differing in Language and Cuftoms, yet went
all
Appareird after the fame fafiiion, the Men cover'd themfelves with a
Shirt/which
:ame down below their Knees, and over that a Cotton Cloak 5 the Women
ware
ivooUen Coats down to their Ancles : Their Head-Ornaments were different
ac:ording to an inviolable Compad between the Natives of feveral Provinces

j for
ome were wrought, fomc plain, fome divers coloured Caps, with two,
three, or
10 Feathers, according to the Cuftom of the Place ; They were generally
of a
niddle Stature 5 but thofe that were near the EquinoElial Line leffer.
Their Hiftoies make mention alfo of Gyants, who formerly inhabited the Promontory
k, Helena, were each four times bigger than an ordinary Man, and fed not
onely
m the greatcft Sca-Monfters, but devoured each of them thirty ^Peruvians
at a Meal.
rhe Stone Images of thefe Gyants are at this day to be feen not far from
<Puem
nejo. They likewifc kept for a long time Annual Feaft-Days, on which
they lanented the lofs of the Gyants, which (as they fay) was as folio weth :
A Youth glittering in glory like the Sun defcended from Heaven, and
breathM
'ire, wjiich rending the Rocks fo terrified the Giants, that they fled
into a deep
Dave, where they were all kill'd.
Cormlm Whitefleet relates, That Helvim, Governor of Tuerto Viejo, being
ftirr'd
ip by the Report of the forc-mention'd Images, caus'd all the Graves to
be broke
)pen, in fome of which he found Bones, which they fuppos'd to be WhaleBones,
lad not the Sculls nianifeftcd the contrary.
Concerning the original of the Kingdom of feru the Natives give this
Account
)fit: That the moft antient Inhabitants flock'd together like wild
Beads, with>ut conftant Abodes, Cuftoms, Laws, or Governors, which falvagenefs is
ftill re;ain'd in many Parts, amongft the (BrafiUans, Chunches, Chiruguanes,
Ifcaytm^us, ?ilocolensy moft of the Floridam, Qhlnchemecos.znA others, which degenerate
from all Hu*
nanity. In time when fome kind of Government began to be obferv'd, it
was ra.
her Popular than Monarchical ; yet generally thofe that were moft
powerful, va*
iant and fubtile, bore the greateft fway : Amongft whom the firft that
five Ages
ince Commanded over the Inhabitants of the Valley Cufco,w^sIngaroca, a
fubtile
md politick Perfon, who built the Fort fucora, Eaftward near the Foot of
the
vdountain Jndes, that fo he might bridle the People which inhabited in
thofe
arts between the Rivers, Moors, and Lakes, where the remainders of the
Fort arc
be feen at this day : Moreover^ he conquered all the Coiintrey along the

Sou.
, thern

415

The CaflolBs
and Habits
of the antient
Natives.

Giants anti^
entlyin^^"*,
Mekna.

HeMm finds
the Bones of
thf Giants*

The oHginal
of the Kingdom oi Fern,

.1 >t

Ta^uarguoqu
the Iccond

Viracocha In^<'his great

Riches.

Txpangui's
Policy to g3ln
an Opinioi)
amongft the
People,

A M E %^ I C /L . Cliap. IV.
thern Ocean towards the North and South, giving out chat he was extraaed
from
one of the feven Ingas (by which Name the Teruan Kings have been ftyl'd
ever
fince) which came out of the Cave facarttamho, where they were preferv'd
againll
the Deluae (of which the Heathens in AmericA had long fince an obfcure
knowledge,)
and reftor'd the drowned Families - wherefore every one not onely
obey'd, buc
paid him Tribute, and bound themfclves to receive of him the true
Religion,
which they defir'd he would teach them, as none knowing the fame better
than he,
whom they look'dupon as Extradted from tho^lngas. Amongft thefe Ingas
the chie=
fcft was faid to be Uangocapa, who, according to their fabulous
Tradition, climb'd
through the Window Tamho out of the Cave 'P^c^rif^m^Ojandproduc'd two
Families,
V/^. Hunan Cufco, and Urin Cufco ; from the firft whereof Ingaroca
affirm'd himfelfDefcended, and having firft made himfelf Mafter of all the Countreys
about
Cufco, raised the Family Fica^uiquirao, and laid out a great part of his
Revenues upon
Gold and Silver Utenfils, and Ornaments for his Perfon and Houfe, which
he in
hislaft Willchargd that none of his Succeflors fhould inherit, nor dwell
in his
Palace but that every one fhould build a new Habitation for themfclves :
He alio
creded divers Golden Idols.
Some Authors begin this T)y?iafl'te of the Kingsof <P^r in a very
different manner,
niakincs Manfro Capa to be the firft thereof, and to have been Succeeded
by his Son
Chincarocaj which cannot but be the fame with this Ingaroca here

mentioned. Yaguav
fruocm (that is. Crier of ^lood, becaufe on a time being Commander, and
taken Prifoner, out of vexation and exceeding grief he cried ^lood) Succeeding
him after his
Death, rais'd the Family Aocaillipanaca, and was Succeeded by his eldeft
Son, the
wealthy Viracocha Inga, of whom, when the Spaniards conquered "Perw,
went a Report, that great Riches lay buried in the Earth with him j wherefore
Gon^alm fiT^arrm tortur'd the Natives after an inhumane manner, to know of them
where the
Grave of the faid Inga was - at laft obtaining his Defire, he digg d for
the Body,
which he found fo well Embalm'd, that it feem'd to live, but no Gold
with it j
wherefore fi:^arrH5 deceived in his expedation, burnt the Corps ^ the
Aflies whereof the Indians gnhcnn^m Urns, worfliipp'd, though when he liv'd the
Vulgai
were much incensM at him, for taking upon him the Name q^ Viracocha, who
was
their fupream God and Creator of all things j but he pacifi'd them,
faying. That
Viracocha appearing to him in a Dream, had commanded him to take that
Name up.
on him.
The fourth Inga^ call'd fachacuto Yupangui fucceeded in the Throne after
the Death
of his eldeft Brother, who was flain in a Field-Battel againft the
Changes, inhabiting
the Valley Jndaguailas, where the Termn Army was utterly defeated, few
of them
onely efcaping by flight j among whom was Yu^angui, who perfwaded the
reft to a
fubtile Defign, by alledging, That the Almighty Creator, angry at their
Deftruaion, had reveal'd many Secrets to him, vi^. That the Creator in Heaven
wai
call'd Viracocha fachayachachie ; That he refented it very ill That
whereas he formerly made Heaven, Sun, Moon, Stars, and Men, none worfliipp'd him for
it,
but in ftead of him they reverenc'd the Sun, Thunder, and the Earth, who
had
their Beings from him ; That he would fliew his Power againft the
vidoriouf
Changas by an unexpeded Afliftance of an invifible Army. This being
believ'd ol
everv one, ftirr'd up tht ferunns far and near, infomuch that in a
fliorttimc a vafl
Army being rais'd, prefentcd themfclves to Yupa72gui, who made good ufe
thereof;
and alfo told them that Viracocha had decreed in Heaven, that he

lupangui (hould b(
his Vicegerent on Earth ; which the Army believing, fetthe Tertian Crown
whid
ihey had taken from his Father^ on his Head : Thus promoted^ he march'd
againi
th

H,

Chap. IV. AMERICA,

Mang.., whom in a bloody Battel he conquer'd, and brought them all n I.
f,Obedience : Moreover, he made h.s Soldier believe that the wtT I ^
querors but rnv.fible Men,whom ^W. had fenc;;:^ o ^ ^I^bll:'
but himfeifiand that after the Battel thev were turn'd into Sr. i T . ^
reekfo. ^J-pon:hey,atheri,a^greatrbetrStt^srt'Hf^^^^^^^^^
ruf.ng^^ call d them <?ur.ranc^, and order'd that they ftould be
worftipnM !" j -""'
earned with them into the Field whenfoe're they fought another Clf J'
thereby to ftir up his Soldiers to be couraeious who fiS ^~\f^^f>
'"'P'^g
vifible Stones wi'd inv.nble Heroes thXoXtf int^Set '' Thtlrn'r
gmatxon wrought fo much, that ^uf^nguU Army affur'd of Viaory "il^ e hi
'
o the Stones, went on tmdauntedly on all Defigns, infomuch thatlTnX'd ^
all the adjacent People, he forc'd them all to fubmifflnn t(,- v ? ^
Family r.,.., Ld p.a.d a great G^lXf ^ "^H^ ^J^^t: "^^^^^
C arrot, wh.ch fince was religioufly worlhipp'd, and afterward' caried
to rlt
..lea for a Ranforrt of the <?.ruVun King AUahaUh., whom the 5|-.,7J G
neral j
iM kept Pnfoner, and at laft Scranalc^ Tk. r- ii m , ' ^^"^"^ ^'^'J'^Grave found th. Rn^ p I t "/ j Counsellor (Pote opening rwrfs
Grave, ound the Body Embalm'd, and no way defaced, but the Eyes coverM
with
:hm Golden Plates and oa his Head appeared the Scar of a Stonelh ch had
b^=ea
:hrown at hrm and though the Body had lain eighty years in the G ave yet
i"
eerad rather living than dead, being onely a little ?rev TUUc- e urave
yet k
al other In^.S, tht Marquefs G^.J brought Si l^^^cT: " "'T '
Unmans worfl,ippig of them. ^ ^ """' '^ ' prevent the

r^.5i after his Deceafe was fucceeded by Som In.a, and he bv his 9.n
f .1,
ame Name, who rais'd the Family Jyoa. J. : ^.ela'ft (for o 1 g t, I'of
nemory was done by either of themj) was fucceeded by oLynaca.a, a L!lthy
LI * '_aliant young Man, v.ho was no fooner fetled on the Throne, bu he mala
J'd .U -"hings with great prudence, maintain'd War with feveral Peon!. "^ '?^''^S
'^ f^ ''-'''"^*^
he Kingdomoffi,., fourhundred Leagues beyond C^wS'^^
.s Body was carried, and buried in the famous Temple of the Sun, but his
M^^
::;fi"::tmt^^^^^^^^
.the^^er..rld. The invaluable Treafut itt^e^S^^^^^^^^^^
%hid by the ?..v,. till the S^...i. conquered that Countrey : The
pTv'd
.gp wherefore in his life-time he was honor'a as a God. His Mother MaZd
U.A
The chief of the Family r.efo,^. were H<.^ and ^.W;^^^^ ^
.,(both by the Co,.,or lawful Queen,ho wever fomehave deliver 'd to the
corrv ) ^^
ho falling at variance betwixt themfclves, refolv'd to decide
theXarrbva^"*^" '
i waTi 'tit htf T\''"^ ''' ^""S^'^' -- ConquerL^Th cti
ar was at the heighth when the Spaniards invaded Teru, wh ch they could
T '
T "T';.''' ^'' "' "^'^ ^'''"^ b^=" ^ <^'vided. During j/JZls I
;;r;forSi:Sr?r7?^;"^'' ^"-^- -^^ "^ioi ti:; j
^yc^r ( formerly call d Tito Cufi Cmalpa, AttahaUbds Brother) in
G^fm . J
m to the Valley 5.c/./;.,, burnt him alive. It is fet down as
remarkable '"
It ii^/c^r after his be n a v^nr, Miff. 'J ^ j ^^ *t-^ itmarKaDie;,
gain his affiftanclinl"^' "'^'^^g'^" O^^ings toK^^r^./,., thereby
Ce Peo!le wh I "T"''^ 'S'^"^ ^'^''^''''^'' ' ^f'- J^^ -- i"fo'd, thai
-^^s Army.and taken him Pnfoner ; From which News H./. taking courage,
- ^ V ' call'd

burnc alive, ]

4i8

call'd tte Sfmads r,rac,chas, and judg'd chat they were come ?; "^^ven
to his,
De Wery and the more.becaufe his Brother had fpilt o much Blood
already : for
5iL Lhad notor^ely flair, the Prince ^roco. which led H./... s Army
wrth
three thoufand two hundred Men, ar,d drank out of ^c.s Skull t.pt wuh
Gold,
but had alfo pluck'd out the Harts of above a thoufand Children, whrch
the Canna.
Wk. feat with Palm-Boughs to him, to defire Peace.
'"" '" .,,.,. , ?T^/>./, Deceafe Mamo Jn?a their Brother drove all the
^,i.r, kltet Jttababba sand maJcarsuict^Kjmu,^ 6 ^ sntfciinthe " " u-,u.r fUpii nnr lnn(j after coming with new Forces,
necelMouma.n Cft^ni^irJs OUt of C/cO, Whlthet thCy HOt lOHg dUCl OU , . .
, .' ,
"" dX. no/withoutthelofsof many Men, to take his flight up into the
uTZJrLu.U, where he Setling, his SuccelTors R.gn to this day, fecur d
ftom any Invafion by the natural ftrength of the Place But the Ing.
Saruofa co.
TZ from the fore-mention'd Mountain, fubmitted himfelf to the
Sp.,..<i,, who
2J'd him the Valley lucay to dwell peaceably in ; but the reft
o(^^^^^^rn.\yoi
he Ir.as that fell into the Hands of the Sp.i..^., were all of them
k.lW' in Cufa,,
Lot without ereac grief of the old Inhabitants, to feefo antient and
noble a Family,
Cwhich they hadleen Govern'd in great State for three hundred years
together,
nnt rn death bv common Executioners* - ..;. ,u ^ The City Cufco, which was the Royal S.at of all the feruV.an
Kings, was made
.^f^S;: more fplendid than ever before, by G.^.<.cV<,,of whom
Au^ujlmede TanauMcn'""^'- bine his Magificence,telates, That when his Qaeen was Deliver d
of a Son, who
was^tofcce?dintheThrone,G.,..aV.keptagreat Feaft or twenty dayscogeIr and on that day when the Child was to be Nam'd,a Golden Chain, each

Link
If which was as b.g'^as a Hand, and contain d in all feven hundred Foot
in length.
tTiras carried bv twenty feruVians to the Temple.
Th ucceffion of'the !,.'. was after this manner : The In^s keeping many
Concubines had many Children by them, none of which could lay claim to
th.
?2r Crown, but onely the Son begotten on the Co,, or ^.cen being
generally
!hK "grown Sifter,(whom they accounted lawful for them to Marry,as in
ant.en,
tLes did the ,>/.fM Kings) Inherited the Realm, unlefs the I^. had a
lawful Br^^
Tr who Inhedted before the Son, though born of a Coya , or if the faid
Brothe,
had a Son, he obtain d thedeceafed Uncles Crown before h.m, who m
apparenc.
"TtJme's^Sffion was alfo obferVd by other Governors, which the P.
.H..u " xtBudals of their Kings were perform'd with great folemnity ;
and cheTrea
SSx^L fu,es which they left behind were beftow'd in building of
magnificent Guahas
'- w h were Temples or religious Houfes where a kind o^^ola^M^? was .
be oerform'd to celebrate the Memory of the Deceafed. Some part of the
Trea
be pertorrn d, ' icu ,u/t.>c Servants- but the Succeffor inheritcc
fure was alfo diftributedamonglt the i5<tS5ervanci., ,^,,j:<
not the leaft Mite of what his Predeceffor had gotten, but was fore d,
according
Tan aliment Law, to build himfelf a new Palace, and purchased anew every
thin.
^''ThtToi: o'r Diadem was onely a fine red woollen Coif with a Taflel
that hung down over their Foreheads, which other meaner Princes wore
hangin,
on their ripht Ear. i ^ i vt l-i-*., /
Their Coronations were alfo kept in great Pomp and State, the Nobility
an
Priefts coming from all parts of the Countrey to C^fio, befidesan
innumerable mul
""Th-rNoTmTns'j^tsto the ^.S confifted chiefly of Gold and Silver Ve.
felsTfineCloth call'd C.,,.,. all forts of Sea-(hells, and (lately
Plumes of Feathe^ineftimable value.

The manner
of the Succefllon of
rheir Kings.

Tlicir Crovrh^

Their CoionationSk

Chap. IV. ^ M E^S^I C J.

. Thoufands of Shceo difFenng in colour feivM fnr rxr
Chief Prieft facrific'd a'child brfore che ll^oiXlc^IlT V"""'^ ^'^
Reverence he cry'd. 0,re. V.racocha, Zf.^::^:^:! 17 ""t '""
chefB^:;'':h:thet^' "" '; "T '''''^^'^ '-' "-^"^g--"- '^-"-ce to n. .
cneirKings, than the 'nraVMw : for there werenevernnv(iP,rrlf; .u- r^
fo,mofG
thar pvprR,-K^II'J -, <i l ,, , '^^ ^""7 ""rd ot in this
Countrev "'.
that ever Rebe I d agamft thexr Prmce^the reafon of which was chiefly,
becaufe thev
always Govern d w.th great Juftice and MUdnefs, placing Governor's over
tt J
fpea,ve Countrey s and Provinces, according to their feveral Divifions
gre t or
kfl-er, wuh fubord,,,e Power one under another, fo that they RuI'd'wthZ
ftriane^ pun.lh.ng with Death both Drunkennefs and Theft. Morlover^Th
Ag.. obfervd a prudent way in Government, V,^ They kept their SubTeft
'con
fnually employ-d : The ordinary fort of Perfons of fubdiiMProvicewtfent'
to remote Countreys, and the Governors thereof kept at the Court in J lH
Pnnces Defcended of the Roy.l Blood fent in their Places to Govern
thetew aot
ten Dominions : they divided the Inhabitants into Companies , I'd onft
andatlaft a ?../> or Major-General, over ten thoufand . every one of
which '
Officers were to bring in an Account every Week to the fup ream Governor
wo
was always ofthe/,.'s Family, what Men dy'd of their nLber, or how 'Z
"
were born, a prefent Eftimate of every ones Stock, in Cattel or

otherwirand aU
Crntrevs The 1 n""^ '" '^c .^"'=""" S"her-d out of their Subftitute
Lountreys The mam Divifion of the Countrey was into four grand Pro
V nces call d T. /,, ..wording to the fourVays that went^fj^m cl
-hrough the whole Realm, v,^. Ct.chafyo towards the korth, Coc;./,
toward
.he South, Jndefuyo towards the Eaft, and CW./, towards the Weft. The
Col
'-T^r^run ^"'^-->>^' Upper-Colleftors, and ulfys, oVund^
.oUeaors. The Qu,pocon,ayos, or Accomptants, could caft up exaftly wi h
Button
! h ' ^u It '"S>e.ghteen broad,and fix thick,which were fo neatly
joyn'd o"
; dier with Mortar or Iron-work, that a whole Edifice feem'd to blinrent
r
.tone Their Bridges that led crofs the Rivers were made of Fla.s and Rt
ft
aftned to each Shore with great Rooes The lit^ r. J i ^"S*^ ^"^ K-ulhes,
.ftheLakea...,onwh.!hgrea:^^^^^^^^^^^^^
No Prince ever poffefs'd fo much Riches and Splendor as an In.a of 7eru
each
-ountrey prefenting him with what was moft efteem'd amongft thC t e O-t
'^' "''=
nngmg Sweet.woods j the Ucanas, ftronc Sedan-Carriers rt r?! /,'a u
lancprs ^A C^ . j- i "o '^'^"'"-'-arners ; the //jm/>(i(/caf, brave
leem d ' b!fid '^f?^^ 7"^ ^""""^^ P'^''^^d him wW> what th y be.1
tm d, befides the ufual Tributes which they paid. ^
Thofe which digg-d the Gold and Silver out of the Mines, had Meat.
Drink,
^ r I ' and

iiH

Theii' fevtral
forti of Tubute from
coiiquer'd
Coui'trcys.

Their Provi.
fion for the
Poor. .

Their Indu-^
firy.

AMERICA. Chap. IV.

"^'^ aad Clothing from the Ing., though at other times he en,oy'd the
Labors of his .
Subie6ls for nthin2, ^, , , ,
When at ar,y trme he conquerM a Countrey by force of Arms, he made them
pay
three feveval forts of Tribute., the firft was beftowM ,n rehgrous
Offices. E ch
C. or Chappel received alfo a Revenue from the late conquer d
Countrcys the
Fruit of whrch ferv'd for Offer.ngs to therr ch.ef God f.c^.c mc/., the
Sun
theu Thunderer Chn^ullla, and to the Souls of the Deceafed and for Food
for the
Pr fts The Religron through the whole Realm agreed wuh that wh.ch wasob.
fe v'd n Cufco. Z the fecond Tribute fell to the %/s Famrly, or Relation
and
SoTdrers. ThofewhoTiirdthe%/sGround,Sungbeoreh,mmFeft.va Cothes.
T at which could not be fpent in the Court was lai^d up m Store.houles
for ten
vears together, againft a fcarcity mould happen. Aged People ^adows and
fuch
L w e decrepidrpaid no Tribute. The third part was for the Poor,whrchhad
eveTear a piece of Ground allow'd them to make ufe of as they pleas'd. In
ur^rurtIa Years they receivM an Allowance oat of the Store-houfes before
mention d.
So Uke wi/e the Pafture, Meadows, and Arable Land was order d for three
feveral Ufes, one third for religious Ufes, a fecond for the y., and the
laft for the
POO The Sheep being (horn on a certain Day, yielded the Poor a certam
quanfitv of WooU to make them Clothes. Asfoonasany Beaft grew Mangy (which
the P>i. call'd Caradn) they burnt them al.ve, fo to prevent the fp^^mg o f.t
f ther. Thofethatbelong'd to the J^/s Family, wore a 1 Clothes made of
the
fineft Wool! and the courfeft, call'd Tahafca, was diftr.buted aiong

the Vulgar.
Bef^s ti good order of Government, it is wonderful to obferve the P....
mann r of Livin., each learning from their Infancy not onely a Trade but
al
Th ngs wh ch they'accounted neceffary in Houfe-keeping as Weaving Tihng
of
Land building of Houfes, and making of Tools requifite for both > that
they
never -adeuffofone another on any Accotint. Moreove. Mafter Artifts, who
work'Tmore for Pleafure than Gain, dweltapart, being Silver-fmuhs,
Painters.
"^t^rHaltweXetofo^r. of one falhion through the whole Realm, onely
the CoveringoftheirHeads werefeveral, by which the People of one
Countrey
w re diftinguiOi-d from the other, according to an inviolable Law made
niany
7Z finc^^fomc therefore wore thin Caps, others broad Pleits, others
little Hats,
others round Bonnets, others woven Caps, and the like. ^
TherPoft-Stages, call'd CH<;, were little Houfes, each (landing a
League and
a hllf f^^om one aL her. wherein dwelt certain Officers, who with
extraordinary
fpe d Ive/d the I^.-s Letters from one CH.uU to the other ., after
which man?e7.t two lays timelhey convey'd a Letter a hundred Leagues But f^nce t
e ^.
,n.ris conquefd this Countrey, that Convenience was loft, "ll^Je J h fV.
vm
Vice-RovV^m Ennnua te-eftabli(h'd the fame ; for he allow d a Sallary to
thol
pl, thatthey might with fpeed convey all Letters and Packets from one to
th<
other, being diftant, according to his Eftablilhment, our Leagues
w re Laftly. the Ingas maintained ftrift Laws in criminal Affans ; for
as h^Y ^^ "
5.":i:St e.lea to encourage noble Atchievements (for whoe're had done a
vabant Aft >
the Wars, was made Governor of a Countrey, or had a certam quantity of
Lan.
:. elhim, or Married one of the %/s Family^ fo likewife they feverely
pun (^
!ll Malefaao.s : for Murderers, Thieves, and Adulterers luffer d Deatl w
ho
Mercy yet tkey allow'd ftore of Concubines, and it was free for any
one o L
with hi'sNeighbor's Concubine, but Death to have to do with any Man s
lawt.
Wife, who were ferv'd by the Concubines. _^^^

llieir Habits.

Th:ir PoftStages.

Their rJlari.
r,er of Jivir^,

Chap. iV. ^ M E %^1 C A,

Whena Bridegroom Betrothed liimfelf to his Bride he ct-^vp L^r ^on 1 l T
^ 1 -^r iTx r CI it,i ^^^'^j ^^^g'^ve ^.er (and put them
^hdrMarrion h.mfelf) a pair of Shoes call'd Apta, not unlike thofe of a grey
Fryef which ''"
were h d w.th Cotton if fl,e were a Maid, but with Leaves if aVIdoT 'wL
it
verthelefs being generally younger than the Man, wasto Mourn a who e
year ,a
Black for her dece^fed Husband , t.ll the expiration of which time fhe
was not to
Marry another Governors of Provinces and other Officers of State
receiv'd their
Wives from the %, who enquiring out the beautifulieft and moft '
accon,pl,n,-d
V.rg,ns they could hear of, put the A^ou on their Beet, and gave them to
fuc^h Per,
fons as they mod fancied ; after which if they committed Adultery they
were certainly put to deach^ The Marrying of Brothers and Sifters was alfo
forbid, till the
L.ga To^a r^.^, Father to G.j... broke that Law,by Marrying his
own Sifter
Mo, andmade an Order that the /^., onely fl.ould have that liberty .
nay
rwn"sifte7r ^'%D-'^-^'t'.;^"fyc''-S-d His SonG.,,.... ro ke h
nd 2/ f '^ . '^t7 ' f '^' ' '"'^ this inceftuous Marriage produced
Huaf..,
md ^.W.^., (though fome fay AtuhM,^^, begotten on a Concubine) in whofe
:.me the 'German Kingdom went to mine. Guaynacy, alfo permitted the
common
'eople to Marry their Siftersof the Fathers fide, but not of the
Mothers.
hen Table they made but little preparation, fatisfying themfelves with a
little
Jeer made of Rice Bread bak'd oiMai^ dry'd Flefli/H^, and Roots.

Their Funerals were alfo folemnly kept, efpecially thofe of Perfons of

Quality ^^^
be Corps was carried out on a brave Chair, from which he was put^to the
"'
'arCoM aTs-, ''J; ^rf;--''- hebeftaffeaed, and alfJthre st
ants, Gold and Silver VelTels, M.t^, and the Liquor Chua, which the
neareft Re.
..on fpurted into his Mouch through a Cane ^ all which they did that the
Del '
^d rnight make ufe thereof in the other World. But before the Funeral
the ReTa
ns Mourn'd over the Corps feveral days, and after the Body was Interfd "
e"haJt\!?rb; ^""'1"^"'''^^"^== butthemeaner fLtof S
le ^had the Tools belonging to their Trade 3 and Soldiers their Arms
plac'd on
;n their Religion they had various Fancies , their prime God Vuacodu
bore fe= r., .
wJT L'?r r'^'^^" ""' '"^^ Creator of Heaven and Earth, as alI /.^, that IS, Wonierful In honor to this 'faucham. flood formerly a
magnifi.nt Temple about four Leagues from U,m, wherethe Ruines ftillmanifeftitf
for,er glory it being the Place wherethe Devil anfwer'd the Priefts, who
flood with
leir Backs towards the Image of ?>..cW, bowingtheir Heads to the Ground
and
.owing many antick Tricks. Thefecond Temple flood near C/, in which
the
'nfiftmg of maffieGold, was Dedicated to the Sun, on whofe Forehead the
Sun
^oTeTb tr -r ^'"'' ' '" '""''^ ''^ '"'^ ^f-^ '^-^ - Night at Gaming,
p,r , t. u "P" '' Le^pi^-nno loft the Sunk/on it, ofe,L.nil he
gc,;
N .ht" Th i , '" ;?/ ^S"ven in the Afternoon, and loft the fame in
few t 4 7 ," ^^^'^"'^' ^ S^' Stones, curiouOy joyn'd together in
n Ch ' ', "!,.'? ''"^''' "'* ^"^'^^^ Places of a Finger thick, ftoJd
lull of
>ldenChappels a r,d Altars ; round about it were feva-al Galleries, into
which
^ *^ 3 the

dh

a U E % I C A

Chap. IV.

The various
Idolatry of
the PiYHvl-

tins.

the Priefts aad Prieftlfes Chambers open'd. Near the Rivet r^ci^a^ic a
third
Tpmole Confecrated to the Sun. . , ^ i i ^t . ,
This kind of Idolatry was common to rhe ^e.vi..,w>th feveral other
Naor>s
oftLan enc He-rk^Jas hath beea before obferv'd, which made them mock a
h S .-"wben the told them of aCrucrfi'd S.V.,faying t ey h^ a f^ end.
God who appear'd to them in glory every Morning In the th.rd Tempi
rfj the River T.d.un^u. in <Peru, which exceeded the other two, they
worfl .pp
Thunder by the Nam'e liCM^u.Ual.mUUM J"f . ^"^f '.^^ T'cluf an
to be a Man that Commanded the Air, and who being Arm d w|th a Club nd
in , t^oL down kain, Hail, and Snow from the Clouds and (hooting Bulk.
,1 ou2h the lower Region.caufes Thunder and Lightning They worfhipp d
hiir
lerle fame manner'as they did V.^ocU and the Sun, with holding up of a
thin,
H eaGlove and fometimes Offering, efpecially in C/<:o, living
Children . Alfc
ev ador'd he Earth of which they made the Goddefs 2atha,na.a, alfo
MmacocU
1 rl of the Sea The Rainbowe, which the IngM earned between twoSer
p;nt?flrthr Arms, was alfo religi'oi.ny worfhipp'd. Amongft the Sta. t
e,
E:;in-d C.U, by us call'd >., or the 0,. as ^ ^^^f^^^^^^r;r; "^:tePsXTrs::r^x:i:?r a,..., ..oS.n^4
T^:oI':SbU. Others worfliipp-d M.,..ay which ^^^^

mers call the Serpent, as commanding Serpents and ^^g-^' 'J^;/'^ .^^ f ,
ceive no hurt from them Tygers, Lyons an -. -e R-^^d by ch^^^^
muhmdag. wherefore thofe who would walk tree trom tnoie _
Hftcd up folded Hands to the Conftellations reprefenting the fame. They
b liev
that there was no Creature living on Earth, whofe Likenefs the Heavens
could nc
afford . nd that thofe which were on Earth were under the influence of
thofe i:
Heaven : from hence proceeded the l^ames of the Stars CUcanu, To^atau.,
M,
Heaven . rro j attributed a kind of Divinity to Fountain;
)Mi, M/na, and others, i ney iiKewiic * r ..-.-.U^, the <pMa
Rivers, Rocks, Mountains, fome.kmds ot Herbs, Roots, and. efpecially the
Tapa.

Chap. 1 Vi. <ij M E%^1 C A.

of a ftrange fliape, and iud a ventration for all manner of
<rrr,r,.r., , r ^^ ^
an unufuaj for... Wh.n rhey cravell'd chey ftreWd sLes P^ rl ' ^ j;/ 1;/
want the fore-n,ent.on'd thmgs, then they throw a Stone for an oVernt f
onl
whence K proceeds, <hat in all crofs Ways, and on the tops of H.lls 1
hLp o
Stones, which ate accounted holy. "5, ne neaps ot
The like fond veneration of Stones the Sar^cms are faid antiently to
have haj
upon a Tradrtron, That M,.n had enpy'd A,.r upon a Stone, and th acco d'
ing to Euthymm and Llbmui, he ty'd his 030101^! ro , Sr^ u T
his Son Xfaac. ^ * ^"""^ '''''" "^"^ ^'^^ t Offer
The Images ofthcirdeceafed/M-rw, which thev riir.1 r,.; - ,
honor, and carried with them tol^he W. s and f 'j'?^^'. were nad ,n
great
and call'd uponfor fruitful SeTfoL ' ^ "'^ '^^" ' Proceffioning.,
RewarVsTtlf r?*^ ':'' ''" '""S of Puniffiments to the Wicked, .nd of
= ......
m1 d tha , " . ^'"^- ^'"^ ^"^"''^ ''^'"'"^1-^ - be buried with he -2'
Fuends that :heym,ght accompany them to the other World. When the W^
G.^... was buned, above a thoufand of his Courtiers Sung fcveral
Son's kept
agreatFeaft, and went with great joy to be buried with him that fo th J'
f
ferve their King on the other fide of the Mountains. They Offer

dlikev^S^a^
number of Children and with their Blood crofs'd their Fa effrl ^E ^tol"
'
fo ; of o" ; f'T """"'"S ^'' "^^" "^''^ ''- - '!^^ D-th of prime Pe"
fons of Qsjahty ; for the meaner fort of People fee onely Meat on the
CrT i
gave the Dead two Sutes of Apparel, putMoney in the^^ Mou hesand Had ' T
chey believ'd that the Souls ranging upland dowl from pla^e to pi e
Sd :^/:;
inconveniences. t^^^it'Cjiuiier a many
Oracle at 4Larfri,Krfl; It " B- Refponces l.ke the '"
ficiently manifeftby the Ruinrof i s W./k^ f ^"'"^'^''"^'S'"^"^^^ ''^^^'
got an Lvaluable T-fure^'rh S ^ ^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^'^an the Cities, Villages, and Hamlets, were Chaonels of F,f ^ V f ,"
""^''^'
went at Night with their Backs ^^2Z S Idol ben /d'H'rf.'\' ^'''^'
which pofture they requefted to knom ' P ' ^ "'^ '"'' ^^''' 5 ^"^
(if we may bei.eve thJir R plsCat" ' v";;" tT" "*%'"^^ ^"'"""'''
Wherein the /,. had plac'S al, ie i::::!^::^^ ^^:^ ^^f^ ^M
Cloyfter.In each Province of ?.r was alfo a Nunn.rvrif "";"'" ^ <>'
i; a a Governor nam d Jp^opanaca, to whom none durfl deny their n.nrrf^^
r JL 1 /- ii^ui. wDv-n tiiey attain d to fourteen Ypir<: nf a,,^
mv to r > 't :" "^^PP^'^ ^ "^""^ '"^"^"'^ Obligatio/if .hey broke b'y
fife I"
my toL,e wuh them,they were buried alive after the manner of the vlal\ V
^ ^
he Ceremony whereof is related by flutanh : Others^tere ob Lm T'I"^''
Offerings , others to make peculiL Sacrifices fotltHlt;- Tfu^'^
ivents in War many alfo were emlov'^ in ^I r> ^"^ Health, and happy
was Wif^ o. r k- , employ d in the Court-Service to wait upon the
igns wite or Concubmes - and thofi- h^inrr ikrr -j c , ,, i jh'^n
nn.
mp. \,i J ^ . ' o ablolv d from their Vow were ofr.
-s Married to Courtiers. Thefc Nunneries were EndoWd with gre"; Revenues
, ' from

neries.

^t^ J M E %I C J. Chap. IV.

Taeiroff.r- ffom thc Chacaro^ , or Church-Lands. Their Offerings were
(For fometimes they
'"'' OffeiM to their Idols the highly efteem'd Herb Qocoa,Uai:^ScYerA
colourM Plumes,
Sea-Monders, Gold and Silver Images of Beads, fine Clothes call'd Cmnhi^
SweetWood^ and Tallow to burn) either to have fuccefs in their Journeys,
Trades, or for
the prefervation of Health, or to obtain a plentiful Harveft. But their
ufual Offer*
ings were (^uces, a fort of Toads, which were eaten by i:he feruVians,
When they
were to do any Bufinefs of confequence, then Perfons of Quality kill'd
their Sheep
^acos^ not without flrangc obfervation of the colour and number of them,
as alfo
of the time all which things well confider'd, they took the Sheep and
laid it crofs
their right Arm^, turn'd the Face thereof towards the Sun, and mutter'd
feveral
words to themfelves according to the colour for if it was fpotted
grey, they
ipoke to Chu^uilla, or Thunder ; if white and fliort FleecM, to the Sun;
if well
Fleec'd, to Vtracocha, In Cufco they Offered daily a fhort-fleec'd Sheep
to the Sun in
this manner : Making a great Fire call'd Vibbacaronca, the Priefls threw
the Sheep
and four Baskets oi Cocoa into it. Their Sacrifices Co^s^pcoVuca and
SapoVkca, to obtain Conqucfts, were alfo very flrange : for they gathered out o^funa
(which is a
defolate place) feveral forts of Brambles and Buflies nam'd GanilUj
which being
all fet on fire, they went about the Fire with round Stones in their
Hands, on
which were painted Serpents, Lyons, Toads, and Tygers, crying, U/^c/;?
w, ^rant us
onquefi, together with this Prayer, Defiroy, Creator, the pofi^er of
our Enemies Gods ;
which faid, feveral ftarv'd Sheep were brought out, which for that
reafon they
caird Urea ; whofe Hearts having torn out they began their Prayers
afrefli, faying,
Wghty Viracocha, thm do thoupull out the Hearts of our Enemies. For the
profperity of
the Ingas they kill'd in an open Field black Dogs, by them call'd

Al^j^urucos, whofe
Flefli was eaten with many Ceremonies by People appointed for that
purpofe.
They made Offerings alfo to the Fountains, Rivers^, Brooks, and Seafliells;, under
pretence that thofe Shells were Daughters of the Ocean, and the Ocean
the Father
of Streams and SpringSjwhen they had Sow'n their Fields,their
Priefts,chofe to that
Office, went from Houfe to Houfe to gather fuch Offerings as every one
was pleased
to give i which they laid at the Banks of feveral Sluces, at the time
when the Water
began to rife there;,thinking by thatOblation to keep them from
over^flowing their
Lands,and wafhing away their Seed. In all places where two Rivers joyn'd
together
they wafli'd themfelves, having firfl bedaub'd themfelves all over with
flamp'd
Ma'i^, and afterwards look'd upon themfelves as well purg'd from Sin j
which
power they afcrib'd to their Baths. To ftrangle Children between four
and ten
years of Age was never us'd , unlefs upon the Ingas being fick, or when
he
i-eceiv'd the Royal Taffel, that from the death of the Children he might
receive
Health, or Reign profperoufly. The fore-mention'd Nuns that were chofe
to attend on the King's, were alfo flrangled when the /^^ was fick j nay,
fometimes
a Father would Offer his Son to Viracocha.oniht Sun-Priefl's
fuggeftion,That by his
Son's death he would recover from his Sicknefs, Praying to the
foremention'd Deity, that they would be pleased to fave the fick Father, becaufe the Son
had with
his Death paid for his Fathers.
This kind of Cruelty the Devil feem'd to prompt the Heathens to, by
making ule
o^ Abraham' i Example, who prepared his Son Ifanc for a Sacrifice on
Mount Morta
and that it was a Pradice amonoft the antient Ammonites and Moahitcs,
and other
Heathens (by which even the Children oHfracl were apt to be feduc'd)
appears from
the Scripture it felf : the Ceremonies of which bruitifh Cuftoms, with
the feveit
Brazen Chambers of Moloch , may be feendefcrib'd by ^bbi Solomon.
The high Feaft Ca^acrayne^ which the fernVtans kept in the firft Moneth
^pyme.

Their High
fcafts.

Chap. IV.

A M. E%^1 C A\

\%i

agreeing with our December, deferves ferious obfervation : for as long

as the Feaft
kftcd, no Stranger was fuffer'd to Lodge in Cufco, whither they all
flock'd again
after the Feaft was over, to receive Cakes made by the Mamacoas (zn
Order of
Nuns) of M4<;<:andthe warm Blood of a white Ram, and werediftributcd by
cer.
tarn Priefts (Extrafted from the Royal Family Iluqm Yufangui) who
carrying them
up and down in Golden Diflies, gave every one of a Company one, faying
at the
delivery of it, // you do not ^evercce the Sun and Inga, this Food mil
mt,wfs a,amft you
to your ^mne j but if you worjhip them, then their Bodies ml! by this
fledge be united to yours
after which thofe that had eaten of the Cakes promis'd Obedience, and
thank'd the
Sun and Inga for their Food.
At the fore.mention'd Chafquis a courfe was taken to carry all that
defir'd to eve.
ry Temple through the whole Kingdom o[Teru, where the Inhabitants
receiv'd
them with great Reverence, having before confefs'd all their fins to
their lahuries
or Father.Confeffors,who being chofen to that Office with a great deal
of Ceremo' ,.
ny, impos d greater orlefler Penances, according to the fins of the
Penitent thofe ""="'tnat were fufpefted to have conceal'd any of their fins, were put to
caft Lots or had "" '

the Entrails of the Beafts which they had kill'd to that purpofe
confdced about them
and thereby were difcover'd if they had conceal'd any of their fins
-which when'
ever it hapned, the Priefts falling upon the falfe Penitents, thump'd
them with a
Stone on their Backs fo long,till they had confefs'd all their Faults,
which the Pri-ft
vus not to reveal on pain of Death, but to make Expiatory Offerings. The
fins
about which they were Examin'd, were chiefly Theft, Murder, Adultery
preparing of Poyfon or fleighting their Inga or Gods ; for each of which
Tranfereffio.s
they had feveral kinds of Punifhments. When theij. fell fick, all
People in oe,
neral were forc'd to come and make Confeffion of their fins ; alfo every
one we'nt .
to his Confeffor when he was i trouble, or expefted fome Misfortune to
befall
im : The /^. himfelf Confefs'd his fins to none but the Sun,which he
defir'd to re.
ate to F,racocha.znd to beg pardon of him for the fame.which dooe.he
bath'd him.
lelt in a running Stream, and cry'd, I haye male my fins known to thee,
Sun . do thou

0%i^

^i6

^ M E % I C J.

Chap. IV.

Tr.eir Peiin
Cci,

'^Ver^ ivaf^ away m'me lm(iuities, aid dijchargz them Into the Sea ^
that they may ne^er be
more laid to my charge : which cuflom of Baching, call'd O^acuna, was
alfo us'd by all
Of her Penitents. A Father lofing his Son by Death, was cenfur'd for a
great Sinner,
wherefore he could not be permitted to be Confefs'd before he had been
whipped
with Nettles by a cetain ill-lookM Officer appointed for that end ;
after which
their Fathers Ichuns enjoyn'd fuch Penances as they thought fit - foniie
were order'd
to fail fcvcral days ; others to pay rich Garments, Silver, Gold, or the
like ; others
received a certain number of Blows j fome were condemn'd to live on the
Mountains excluded from the fociety of all Men. If their Sorcerers at
anytime fore*
"told a Fathers Death^, then he immediately Sacrifis'd his Son, that
with his Death
The Efteem i^g j^jp[^^ i^yy }^is own Life. No Peoplc werc more refped:ed
than their Sooth=
of their t> J ^ I r -J 1- 1 1
Souikf.yers. f^y^YS, as Men that could dilcover private T hehs,
Accidents that hapned in remote Countreys, and alfo future Events,and Co far their Credit amongft
the Vulgar
carried them, that they undertook to tell the Spaniards when their
Countrcy^men
ftiould be Conquerors, and when defeated in the War they maintained
againft the
jSjtherlanders. There were alfo cunning Women, who making themfelves
dead
Drunk W(ith Chica, with, which they mix'd the Herb Ti/o^, and afterwards
coming to
themfelves acTain,anrwer*d all the Queftions that were propofed to them.
Theirmouth. The ^eruViaiis kept two Torts of Feafts, the firil at
certain times, the others on
lyFeato. ^ -^^^ occafions j the fet-Feafts were kept Monethly ; on the
firft Moneth %dyme^
agreeing with our lafl Moneth December^ as aforefaid, they kept the
great Feaft Ca^ pacrayme^ on which they brought Multitudes of Sheep and Lambs for
Burntofferiogs/belldes Silver and Gold. Not far from the Fire flood three Carv'd
Images of
the Sun, and three others reprefenting Thunder I and this was generally
the Day
of the Inflallation of the young Ingas^ which was after this manner :
The chief
Priefl boring a Hole through his Ear, covered the upper part of his Body

with the
holy Cloth Guaras, whileft the inferior Priefls whipt him with knotted
Cords, and
painted his Face with the Blood. During thefe Ceremonies no Stranger was
fuffer'd to remain in C/co, but after the Feaft was en-ded they iill
return'd, and as before, received Cakes bak'd oCMal^ and Blood, as a teftimony that they
lov'd and
honored the Inga.
The three Images of the Sun before^mention'd they call'd Jpohiti,
Chnriuntlj and
hitiauaoqui, that is, Father^Stm^ Sun-Sun, and Brother'Sun. In like
manner they nam'd
the three Images of Thunder, Chuquilla, Qatmlla, and Intillapa ; from
which Aclfta,
judges that the Devil had obfcurely taught x.\\q feruVians the Myfteries
of the holy
Sacrament and Trinity, (that their glory might be eclips'd by Idolatrous
Errors) efpecially the laft, wl)ich feems plainly to befignifi'd by the feruVtan
Deity Tangatanga^
whom they affirmed to be One in Three,and Three in One. And that other
Nations
alfo had a crlimpfe of the fame may be colleded from Wdip Ckyerius, who
endeavors to demonftrate, that the antient Germans and Gauls obfcurely ador'd
the T/mity
in the midft of their Heathenism, under the notion of Sun^ Moon, and
Fire, the Sun
fignifying the Father, the Moon the 5o, and the Fire the Holy- Ghojl .^
to confirm
which he makes ufc of C>/"^/s Teftimony, V/;^, They onely efteem thoje
Gods whom they
fee, and thoje that afift them, viz. the Sun, Vulcan, and tk Moon ; for
they have neyer
heard any thino- concerning any other Gods. Diodoriis Siculus feems alio
to afcribe a
fTJimpfe of this Myftery to the Egyptians, VihtnhtC^ys, That the
antienteft People in Egypt, when they viewM the World, and were amaz'd at all things
on the
Earthjthey juda'd that two Gods Govern'd them all,K<,.the Sun and
Moon,hy whom
all thin<'S flourini'd and encreas'd j to whom they added a third,
namely Vire, to
which they attributed a Divinity, as conducing much to the increafe and
growth of
^ ' all

tm

Chap. IV.

iA M E "^ I C ^.

4^7

dl things. The Moon

Offsptinj?
of God (for Son and
Homr, Marrying with
to them
1 Type or Figure of
Vulcan '

which was alfo call'd>,, they judg'd to be the

Daughter were promifcuouny taken) who, according to
Ju^itn, brought forth Vulcan, which might haply be
the Holy-Ghoft, proceeding from the Father and Son :

^as by her plac d a Prefident over the Fire, by which the Heathens
feem'd to imitate
:he fiery Power of the Holy.Ghoft, purifying and cleanfing all things :
and this
:leanfing Power was aim'd at by !2^;/., when,according to Dmyfim
HaUcarnalfenRs
le commanded his Soldiers to leap through a Fire made before his Tent,
that fo
:hey might be purifi'd from all their Crimes. But it may be thought
ftrange, that
:he fermansfiermansor Egyftians, loft in a Wood of grofs Idolatry, could
hare any
ipprehenfion,though never fo obfcure. of the holy Tnmty,^-hm as the moft
nice and '
:urious Greek and <^oman Wits have made fuch grofs miftakes concerning
God. But
o return agam to the Peruvians: They kept their fecond Feaft in the
fecond Moneth
.amay on which they threw the Aflies of their Offerings into the River,
and folow d them on the Shore for the fpace of five Leagues, praying the River
to carry
he Alhes to the Sea, where Vtracocha would receive them. In the third
and fourth
vdoneths they kill'd a hundred and ten black fpotted and grey Sheep. In
^e be- ne. =.
jmning of May (by the 'Perumm call'd Hatuncu^qu.) they gather'd in their
Maiz and "'"'""'
;ept the Feaft^jmo.^ ; after which they returned home Singing from their
Fields
:all d CW, and carried a great heap of Mai^ with them, nam'd ferua,
wrapping
t up in rich Garments; three Nights they continu'd their Ceremonies,
implo-

mg the ^erua to preferve their Harveft ofMai^ from any damage that might
chance
o come to it, and alfo to let that grow profperoully which they fliould
Plant
ext. Laltly, their Sorcerers confulted whether the ferua could laft till
the next
ear ? to which if they were anfwer'd 2^o, they carried it into the
Fields, and buro=
ig It, made a new ?..., which when they knew to be fuificientto laft
good a year
ley carried It to the Granary in great triumph. In the feventh Moneth
Jncaya.<j, they kept the Feaft call'd Intraymi, with a hundred Sheep, in
honor of thi
m. They alfo made feveral Images of the Wood Qjiimia, which they put in
rich
Habits^

nies.

('Ill

i:

Thei
TtrJ.

Feaft

/ A M E%^I C A. Chap. IV.

Habits, ilrew'd the Ways with Flowers, Dancd a flrange Dance namM Cayo\
Singing feveral Songs. Perfons of Quality put Golden Plates about their
Knees,
as the common People painted them with divers Colours. In the eighth

Moneth
Chahua they kept the high Feaft Huarqui, on which they OfFer'd a hundred
greySheep J the like number, but of a Chefnut colour, they Offer'd the
following
Moneth lupaquisj befides a thoufand CuieSy that the Air, Water, or Sun,
might not
fpoil their Plants. Their Feaft Skua they kept on the tenth Moneth
fyaraymi after
this manner : They gathered all together on the firft day before the
Moon rofe,
which no fooncr appeared, but they made a terrible noife, beat one
another with
lighted Torches, then wafli'd the Dirt from their Bodies, and made
themfelves
Drunk for four Days together. The eleventh Moneth Jrmaraimi^ was nam'd
Ttmchaiquis, from the Feaft they kept therein, on which (befides the ufual
Offerings of
eight hundred Sheep) they ty'd a black Sheep to a Poft without Meat,
till fuch
time as there fell ftoreofDew. Their Feaft call'd ^ymicantara^aiquis^
was kept
in the laft Moneth Jyamarcty on which their Youth were bor'd through the
Ears.
Amongft the high Feafts which were kept on great occafions, the chiefcft
was Itr'ty
againft which they all made new Clothes after a peculiar fafliion,
wearing their
Cloaks muffled about their Heads j in which manner they walked leifurely
a whole
Day and a Night j during which time none durft either Eat or Drink, or
open his
Eyes : But after this ferious Proceflioning foUow'd four days of
extravagancy, as
Drinking, Dancing, and the like. In their Dances, which were to the
found of
Drums, Pipes, and Horns, they imitated all manner of Trades by ftrange
motions
of their Bodies, befides divers other Frolicksand May-games which they
us'd at
fuch times of Mirth and Feftivity ; But fince the Spaniards conquer'd
'Perw, all thefe
HeMhenip Cuftoms have been laid afide.
As to the Prognoftications and Fore-runners of thedeftruition ofthe old
Empire
of *?^r, it is reported, that Guaynacayay Father of the laft King
Jttahaliha flying on his
Deathbed in ^itOy faid to his Princes, This (^ealntj at prefent rats' d
to tke hi^hejl top of
Eniinency^ is haftning towards its ^ine j and though our kingdom remain
as yet freee from
foreign InVafion, the Countreys round about are already conquer d and in
Slavery : The Gods
haye call'd flrange Teople from unknown ^gions, ivho by degrees will
reach us alfo. With me,

Ipho am the twelfth Inga, dies the 'Dominion of the mighty Peru. J.
People of other Fajlmns
and ^ligion willfuhyert our ^Ugion^ Laws and Goyernment^ a?id hri?ig us
under fubjeBion
to them. There were alfo Signs and Prodigies that portended the
DifTolution of this
Empire ; amongft the reft a great Eruption in the Province of Tacinga,
which rending the Earth afunder vomited up Flames of Fir jnor was it long e're
they were fuU
fiirdjfor whileft tht^eruyians were making of Offerings to Viracocha for
the delivery
of their imprifon'd King Huafcarj^ews was brought to Cufco o
Attahaliha's being ta*
kenjthe Particulars whereof,with other Matters touching the Conqueft of
this Kingdom by the Spaniards, and how they pillag'd the Countrey, murdered the
Inhabitants, and enrich'd themfelves with their ineftimable Treafures, fliall
in order be
related. ' '
The firft that gave the Spaniards notice of ^eru, was an Indian Prince
call'd ^andifcover-d to guinaco J who having been taken Prifoner, informed
Fafque:^Nmme:^ o[ the abundance
fanm s ^ q^j^ ^^^j Silvcr which was to be had there, who refolv'd to
venture through a
thoufand Dangers into the South Sea. After which
Fra}icifco^ip:iarrOjFerdinand de Lngue^
2.nd Diego de Jlmagroy confulted upon this great Defign, ^mzo 1525.
^i:^arr us being
order'd to Sail before with a Ship carrying a hundred and fourteen Men,
and ^l'
magyo to follow with a Veffel carrying feventy Men, whileft De Lugue
ftaid to manage the Affairs at home. Fifty Leagues Southward from fanama,Ti:^arrus
found a
fmall

The Deftruflion of the

eld Empire
of Per fore
told.

By whom
Peru was firft

&.

IM^^

4^^f/i

J^ir.

;^.

rulties in the
re- Dilcoyery pf
Peru,

Chap. IV. a M E%^iC A, ' , ^j^

fmall Neck of Land nam'd fun, from which ic is moft probable that l?reat
King,
dona afterwards receiv'd its Denomination, though many deduce it from
the River
S.. as before mention'd: Thence Sailing to the mam Continent of Tcru,
and o,..
Landmg, he loft feveral of h.s Men, and being himfelf defperatcly
wounded

turn-d with iUfuccefs, whileft^/.^. miffing of him. Landed afterwards

in the
fame place, and alfo loft feveral of his Men, and one of his own Eyes
yet not
long after they renewed their Defign, carrying with them in two Ships
and three
Boats, three hundred ftout Men, which all fufFer'd extream Hunger, and
had thev
not happily gotten fome Sea-Crabs, they had without doubt all of them
perifli'd
at laft Landing on the Coaft of ^f.^^, they were Encountred by a People
whofe
Faces were hung full of Golden Nails, and daily loft more and more of
their Men .
upon which ill SuccefTes the new Ammcmi Viee.Roy forbad the farther
difcovery of
ftru, and call'd home the remaining part from the Ifland Gdk, fo that
m^arn kept
with him but twelve Men, with whomhe went rothe defolate Ifie Gor.rom
where
he liv'd on Sea.Snails, till he received Provifions from <fma,m ,
after'which they
fpent two years m making farther Difcoveries upon the Coafts of feru :
During
which time he vifited the Queen Ofullam, and difcover'd a mighty Palace
wh-re
three of the twelve Men were kiU'd, whofe Memory deferves to live for
ever becaufe the World owes to thcirunheard=of Valor the Difcovery of the
mighty Kingdom offPeru . but there are onely left Recorded the Names of thofe nine
Worthies
who furviv'd that Exploit, which were thefe following, Nicholas de
l^veya <Peter cU
CandtaJuanTone, Alon^oSrifeni, Qhriftophero <Peralca, Alon^? de Trux.Uo,
Franafco CneU
Ur, Ahn^o Mohm, and the Pilot Banklomeo ^y^ : With thefe nine ipi^ano
Landed
on the iHe <Puna inhabited by a valiant People, who us'd Bowes, Darts,
Silver
Knives, and Pikes tipt with Gold: From thence he fteer'd his Courfe unto
the
Haven Tumbe^, where 'Peter de Caudia Landing, was met by forty thoufand
of the Inhabitants, who conduced him to the Temple of the Sun, built by the h,a
Guaynaca,a, andadon.d.nthein-fide With Golden Plates. Not long after whfch ?
4,- .;,_,,,
rowas by an Order from the Spanijh Court made Governor of ?.., to the "
difcontent o(Alma^ro, which Difference being decided, <Pi^arn fee out
again with
two hundred and fifty Foot, befides Horfe, with which he Landed a
hundred
Leagues lower than before, where he gota great Mafs of Gold and fome
Emeraulds

ot the qfiue,3\l which he fent to <Pa,uma, thereby to fiir up the People

to come to
Teru to his affiftance , where thofe that were at prefent on thePlace,
befides other
great Hardfliips which they fufFer'd, were miferably plagued with Ulcers
in their
Faces ; yet they ptofecuted their Conqueft as well as they could with
what fmall
Power was left them, and had newly taken fuerto Fiejo when Captain
&W..^..
and 7. Fto-.^ brought frefli Supplies of Men and Horfe, with which
Recruit
P<^.r.<,conquer'd the Valley oiTumbe:^, from whence they Sail'd over to
the Ifland
eun^ where the friendly Entertainment they met with at firft,turn'd foon
after in:o a bloody Battel : for th^SpanUrds not forbearing to prie into every
Houfe and
:ommitting many Outrages, were fet upon by the Natives, whom having a't
laft
lubdu d, and being again iupply'd with new Forces hy Ferdinando Sotto
(romNicaraJ., they return'd to Tumhe^ where the Countrey was all in Arms upon the
Report
>f the Spanw-ds Cruelties committed on the Ifland ?*, infomuch that
they OfFerd
til thofe whom they took alive to their Gods,and flew as many as they
could conveniently meet with. T.^arro having ftay'd about twenty days,went with
his Bro.
hers >. and Gonfdves, the Captains Sotto and Seyaka^.r, and fifty Horfe
over the
Uver^,J.t, about Mid.night, through a thorny Way betwixt Mountains, and
bout Break-of-day fell upon the Tumbe^an Army, and haying fetled things
pretty
S ^ well

Governor of
reaC Peru,

puts a raft
Ranfom up
on him.

- zA M E%1 C A. Chap. IV.

'''^ well in tbofe Parts, he built the City St. UM in the Counttey
Tan^aKara along

1 Rivet Dc h Chtra, where he was Complen^ented by two Agents from C/co,

who
definn. Aid in Hu.fcarS i^ame againft his Brother JM., rece.v d for
Anfwer,
That he was going io Ca.maka, as indeed he was, to find JttabaUba there
-, whofe
Commands thatheftould not approach prov'd all in vain : for ?,^...<,
under
pretence of Complementing him in hisCatholick Majefty s Name, was no
fooner
.... admitted to his Prefence, but he took him Priioner, and fet for a
Ranfom upon
&:; him as much Gold as a Room of fifty four Foot long ar,d nine Foot
broad was
-"" able to contain, as high as he could juft reach w.tn h.s Hand held
up : But the
Gold coming flower than was expeaed, 5>k..ro was rnuch mcensd thereat,
whom
JnalaUa endeavoring to pacifie, alledg'd, That it could not poffibly
come fooner
becaufe the Way befween Ca:cmalca and Cu/co, from whence the Gold was to
be
fetch'd, wasatagreatdiftance: The truth whereof 5',^.. refolv.ng to
try, font
Souo a;>d feter M 3ar. to C/co in Chairs, carried by ?.rvi..
exceeding fwrft of
Foot and who if they tir'd were fucceffively reliev'd by others that
attended, with,
out fo much as fetting down the Chair; being got about half way, they
met
with ^.t.W.'s Captain CHucuchuma, he having taken H./c<,rPrifoner who
requelled Souo and Uro that they would be pleasM to deliver h.m out of the
Hands
of his blood-thirfty Brother, for which kindnefs he would pay three
times as
much Gold as AttahMa had promis'd, who was not able to give any thing
elfe but
rhe Golden Plates which were in the Temple of the Sun in Ufco , whereas
Bu.fc.r
had all the Treafure that was left by Gmymc.y. , which indeed was "u^.
^^ ^Hcar had caus'd it privately to be buried, and put to death thofe that
did it, that fo
he might keep the place conceal'd where it lay ; infomuch that none
could ever
find it out to this day, though the ^m.h have tortur'd .\..Mun. with all
imaginable cruelty, to make ther^ difcover the place. But AtuhM. inform d
by ?,^.,.
.0 of H./J;'s Imprifonment; feem'd to be exceeding forty and faid,
Urn .uch
troubled at the Ne^s of my Captains laying violent Bands on rrry Mn
Huafcar, ./. cW.%e ,, AkSt brother, and both of the fame Father and Mother , but I
fu^poe he has
defign ttkilhiJ, but onely keeps Umfr,{oner, to hrin^hirn to grant n,e

peaceably to enjoy the

^tgdo,ofQui,o, of late brought under fubjea^on /j'- ^"""-f ".'^"^^f
f^^'' ".
obfving^^.Wi Js fubtilty (who defign'd nothing but a./... s Death, out
of
fear 'that the Spaniards upon his liberal promifes to them, might
promote him to
he Throne) comforted him as well as he could : whereupon Jttabal^a
fuppofing
L^,^J would be little concern^ at the killing of hi^^ Brother H^^^^^^
..M fpeedy Order that he fliould be burnt alive, which accordingly was
put into exe
^'""- cution . but before he was brought to the Fire, he foretold h.s
Brother Attabahba s
c^ue" Death. During which time A..^r came with frelh Supplies
from ?....
e eer to have a (hare of the fore.mentiond Ranfom, which atlaftwaspa.d
with
ovSlus fir by daily bringing in of Baskets of Gold,the Chamber was fill
d up to
Tvty^op^u^ thoJgh ii had more than perform^ his Promife yet Sen.
; nee o? Dea'th was prLounc'd againft him prefently after he ^ad been
Bapt.z d

: by
der of his
Brother Atsubftliba.

As..M tence ot Ueath was pronuuu.. u *5.>..... r-- / c a ,i, Alf^ Ar

^^ ^ the Reafons of which wicked and rafli Condemnation were two , firft
the talk Ac
'""" cufation of a ^eruVun Interpreter call'd m.pp.Uo, who defir'd his
Death, that then
h might with the more freedom enjoy one of his Wives , for AttabaUba
miftruftmg
theTame, had complain'd thereof to -P.^.no, faying, That h.s I.pr.fonmnt
.as not
; ;:vo: . /., .L r/.,5. ./ ./. AduUery, aUed aga..ft the flr.B La.s
o/.. Ctrey, the Defiler of an hgas Bed being not onely to be burnt with the
Adulterers

bTt'alfo the whole FamiUes of them, to the leaft Infant, ^heir Houfes to
be rac d
,0 the Ground, and their Land fow;n with Salt, as for ever curs d. The
iecond

431

Gliap. IV. AMERICA.

caufe oUuahMa's Death is kid on Jl,nagro, who came to feru with new
Forces
in t!hi ^"""^'---f ^t^ G'd wh.ch AnabM.^., thedeliver/ol w d
fa 1 to h.s fhare, as not hav.ng bcea in the Battel where AuatM, was
talced The .
fore order d h.m to be fuddenly Strangled, that fo the Booty might be
equaHH v
ded. Not long after ?,^.. conquering Cufco, got no Icfl Trfafure than
Jci - -S.^'
^./... Here the Re,g of the 5>-... In^a's ceafed, with which before
no KinL hat' ""
everGoverndm the World were able to compare in Riches and Glory
'TeT-.,.
!u of Grid 7"i^^"'^''-''l-'h Golden Images; and they neve'^^
atebu^'i^;.^.
out of Golden VefTels, fp.ttmg in the Hands of beautiful young Women of
Nobl '"'"Extraa, were worfhipp'd like Gods both whileft living Ind when dead
alfthe
intiim iTf ^'Z'/f '\ ''' '"'^ ^"''^^ ^ ^'^^ -^>^ Realm nch
incerim ^Bevalca:^ar march'd from the new City St SP1kh,pJ ..ri.U u j i
i
uventy Foot and eighty Horfe, to affift the C~ S^^^^
Generals who havmg fpoil'd the Ways by d.g'ging Pits,\lTe, ft;;
wuh Buflies, refilled them in fevcral places : then marching to Ouko he
bu nt th. '
Crty, after having kill'd a hundred of the Natives, becaufe they iL ed
at 2 ^t
,W.Arriva. Afterwards joyning with Jl.a.ro, he went back to C^ whither'
on the Way he had News of 2jA.-., JuMa's Genera!, and of his Vroth" G
"
M'>,who makmg ufe of a Rock, threw down great Stones, by the ?..> JcaS
Gat,.s whtch m their Fall hitting others,brought do wn a gteatLmber w
h .h L
by which means henot onely defended thePlace for the prefent bt lUAf '
Sr' ' -erthelefs diftrufting his ability to keep ^^^^^^ 'J^Zl
Mountam about Mldn.ght, at the Foot whereof a PaLe led over a d ep Rfver
where he burntallhis Luggage that he could not carry withhim^lfoabo'e
fifteen
thoufand Sheep and four thoufand Prifoners, became wholly at the Difcr

tt^Hf
tS. ttr""' ''>-,^^P-'"^-^#-, order'd hi^ to buUd tt Tow.
iruxtllo . In the mean time Quifcims was out to flmfn- Uxr fP;^ j
where he loft many People, Va! wereSby'lt^fGlar^d"' TetTfSL";
Captam G.a,,M., andlmt^.^ '.^^f ^^ r"; ;f-|; 7^ ^"^'^'^.''^ '^^^ were quieted, K^..ro began to build the City LX neata 1" ^^'''^'i^"'"-'
J^^the southern Ocean, whileft ...... JJ:^:^}::^::^^:^^
Horfe, and five hundred Foot, return'd without doing any thin,
remarkable ef
cept h.stakmg the Interpreter (PW,^^i&, (whom he caus'd to'becut i 1^
L ,'
nd h.s mamtammg feveral Battels againft the Clnlefes, clad in SeaXSk
he Inhabitants call d them Ornrh^ tU'^t- :. q- r i ^ . ^ aamage,
^^ J rj \ ^cocha, that is, Smful Creatures. Now all thincrs nn r^,^
-f Prifo'n'^tlCo 'i Ltfel ^^,1^^^^^^^^ ^Tf\ 't? ''''''' "^ T-"^'
m^,T^ ir 7 r . ^^" ^ ^^^^^ ^^ go to lucaya, to fetch the famous Goldf^n
''^''''^ ^""^
mage m^c/w, reprefentincr Kk FofK^,. r.. i , , '^^*^''^^"s^oiaen of
pwfon,
;kft.^ n ti r '"^"" ^^^ ^^^^^^^ <^^J'^^c^i^^ : but he having now
^rottpn h,\ ^"^ "p-^''=
-iberty flew all the Spaniards whirh xmc^rX^'A .u ^ t i ^ .. ^ gotten
his ^^,^,,^,,
' r !.' o ^^''"'^'^^^ ^^icn work d in the Gold. Mines took rfip r^-^fl-U
^r^'^'^i'^atiaft
/fobyStorm, asalfotheCitv afr^r^Q;. r -t ' ,' ^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^
o^puttoa.ghr,
?fs was by FrLaCco TJl c' f ^ ""^ '^^^' ^^""^^ 5 ^^^^h neverthe.
lidnt ;e^l^^^ ^^^^ afcer^/..^. about
night gettingoverthe Walls, and taking Ferdmando and Gor^faho f^rro, and
^ ^ ^ Jlphonfo

ftabb'd and
cut in piecesj

igMn

452'

Several Parties of the

Peruvians
fet upou the
Spaniards
and overthro.w them-

They are
beaten by
Jlvarndo.

Civil War
between PiZitrro and A^'
magro.

AMERICA. Chap. IV.

Mhonfo Alurado Prifoners, condemnM them all three to die, caus'd himfelf
to be
ptoclaim'd Governor, and gave the Royal Taffel to Poalo In^a, whileft
Confalvo and
Jharado breaking Prifon, inform'd Francifco 'P.^.rro thereof (who then
had obtiin'd the Title oiM^r^uefs, and for an Inheritance, the Province
Atuklos-;) he wras
exceedinely troubled for his Brother Veriimni, whofe Enlargement he
thought
would be bed procur'd by making Peace with J^>o, and the fooner,
becaufe the
<Pamam began to rebel againft the Spaniards in moft places, llew divers
Companies
of them . amongft whom Dkgo 5>i^.rro was fet upon in a narrow Path call
d Lau,
all. Marcos, and amongft the Mountains loft feventy Horfemen ; and
Co^faho de
Tmco fav'd not one of eighty Horfe. Alfo the f e>-vi<. fet upon three
hundred
Troopers, Commanded by the Generals of the Horfe, MorgoVeto and CaeU, in

a narrow Path, and towl'd down great Stones from the tops of the Mountains
both before and behind them, fo killing both Horfe and Man before they could
put themfelves into a pofture of Defence, infomuch that none efcap'd with Life
but two
Troopers. Franclfco de Godoy, fent out of Los <Reyos with forty five
Horfe, upon
Difcoveries, return'd alfo with great lofs, being purfu'd twenty
Leagues^ the Pe=
.W..asainft whom feter de Lerma being fent out with fixty Horfe.fought
a whole
day with them, and though few of his Men were kiU'd, yet many were
wounded,
and feveral taken : The vidoriousfemWOMs retreating to the top of a
fandy Mountain in the Night, Offer'd the Spaniards they had taken Prifoners, as a
teft.mony of
thanks, to r,racocha, and afterwards ftood drawn up near the City Los
<Reyos by the
General Ty^opangui. The Marquefs thus befet round, fent for Aid from Ncp
Spam
and TruxUlo, and alfo for Jlphonfo Aharado to come back, who had been
lent to
difcover the Countrey Chachepoyos, and being gotten into a Defart, would
without
doubt have perifli'd for want ofWater. had not fome Horfemen ridmg
fomewhat
out of the Way, found Pits with ftefli Water : notwithftanding which,
five hundred Tnaconas (for fo the Spaniards call'd the feruV^an Slaves) died for
Th.rft. He was
afterwards fupply'd hj Gme^Tordoya with two hundred Men, by the help of
whom, though encompafs'd by the Inhabitants near the Bridge Lamucacha,
where
began a fierce Battel, Jharado was in the end Conqueror.
Whileft the Spaniards found fo much to do with the (PerV..;, yet they
could not
forbear more and more Clalhing amongft themfelves, the Marquefs
commanding
that^/m.^.<.fhould furrendet and leave the City CM but he refufing
toobey,
fortifi-dhimfelfonthetop of the Mountain Gayura, ftopt the Ways by
cutting
down the Trees : but ferdinando m^arro getting up to the top along a
private Way
made fuch a confufion amongft them with Bolt-fhot, thzt Jlmagro who
wasfick
atthattime,wasforc'dtoflye; which being told 1'i^.rro hepurludhim, and
had
doubtlefs utterly defeated him' at that bout, had not his Men, benummd
with
marching in the deep Snow, been taken with a Diftetnper vvhich made them
as if
they had been all Sea-fick, (for fuch is the property of the Mountain

G.j*.r.) infomuch that they could fcarce carry their Arms : Whereupon Almagrov,z.
advisd
to oppofe his Purfuers, and that he need not doubt of the Viftory ; but
he either
following his own Didates, or being counter-advis'd, fortifi d himfelf
in CM
whither Ferd,nand and Gonfaho <P,^arro march'd againft him. <^dr,go de
Orgonns
Commanded Jlmagros Army, who being fick, lay on the Walls of the City to
lee
the Battel fought. The 'P.m.,.., who on each fide were in the S;.,/)'
Service,
march'd in the Front : on the twenty fixthof 4"', >" >558- the Pight
began, m
which the Almagrians did much mifchief with Crofs.bar (liotamongft
^^^'^'f''"^
yet Ahnagro, Horfe retreated firft, being under the Command of feter
Vali^^l
foon after which the reft of his Army, their Courage alfo failing, fled
to the C ty ;
1 n I o

into

11:1

43?

"Chap. IV. zA M E ?<_, / C A.

into which, as foon as Or^ones being fhoc .n the Hd and Ilain, the
Conqueror
, 4-ufh d after them and took Anagro Pnfoner : yet notwi.landing this
profpcous begmnmg, he foon fonnd himfelf ,n a great ftrak, fince thofe wh.ch
remain'd alive of
^teyo s Party refus d to ier.ve 'P<<.m, and murmur'dagainft him in all
places
refolv.ng to take Almagro from him by force, befides that K^nVs
Soldiers arum!
bled thatthey werenot paid fufficiently for the many hazards which they
had'rnn
wherefore to compofethefe Troubles as well as poffibly he could, he

banift'd all
w-hom he thought to be of the oppofite Party, fent away the chief of his
own mutinous Soldiers with Captain fcurde Qandia, todilcover new Countreys,
put Alma.
gro to death and march'd to Callao , where being ftra.tned for want of
Provifion
he made no ftay. but got his Army with much ado to Cnfco. Gonfahes
Ti^ano was
hkewife fo fet upon by the Natives, that he loft a confiderable number
of Men
In Ihort, the fi^anans were defeated in all places, and at lenath the
Marauefs t. m .
though^forewarn'd by his Secretary Antonio ^Lo, was murder'd'in his o wn
Houf; !S?

dercd.

and the manOOC in nerofhisRi-

m Che City of L,., otherwife call'd De hs %o.,by a Baftard-Son of^/,.

,nam'd
l>.go..a the Year .54, ., his Body dragg'd to the Churchyard, lay there
t; every
ones view and der.fion, till John de (Barbara buried the fame. His
Father GomZ
P.K^o, fir-nam d The tal Qt'Kcn of Tru.Ulo. Commanding a Company of Foot
in "^ '
^.>...^ had two lawful Sons, vi^.F-iW, who was murder'd in the
S..,,,/?/'^
CmcMona, zndjohn that was flain in Cufco, when Mango Inga conquer'd the
Ciri
the other two, Gonfaho and Francifco, being both Baftards ; the laft of
which Vs
faid to have been expos'd by his Mother in the Church Porch, and kept
alive for
feveral days by fucking of a Sow, till his Father afore-ment.on'd
finding him and
acknowledging him for his Son put him out to Nurfe. and when he was .r'o
w
^Hn'7 '"^7 !i T'"'"^ ''''^' ^^'^^ ^'^^ '^f^' and following V.
fusde 0,eda, Salkoa, .ndfedro deAvita in their Expeditions, he quickly
grew rich
and at laft came to that heighth of Honor and Command we have heard
FraJ^
Martmo de Alcantara w,s alfo his Brother by the Mothers fide onely. He
was a Man

who defpis d all Dangers and Hardfhips, was fo well experienced in

Martial Af!
fairs, that he might well ftand in competition with many of the antient
Heroes.
In Los ^0" he budt two very artificial Water-Miils, a DomMcan Cloyfter,
and another for the Monks e. M.^, and likewifea ftately Palace for himl^lf
He
was both meek and affable , and though he bore the greateft Command in
the Emperor s Name over the mighty Kingdom of ?.., and got more Riches than
ev-r
any of the <lo^anferf,an, Grecian, ot Ajfyrian Monarchs poflfefs'd, yet
he went in the
fameplainkmdof Apparel in the heighth of his Grandeur, as when he was
but in a
low Condit.on;about his Neck he commonly ty'd a Linnen HankerchitF,with
which
he us d to wipe the Sweat from his Face : in peaceable Intervals he
fpent whole
days m playing at Bowls, without any diftindion of Perfons, chufing
often to play
rather with a Sea-manor common Soldier, than a phantaftick Gallant : He
vifited
the meaneft Citizens, and many times us'd to eat with poor People, to
whom he
was upon all occafions very noble and liberal ., All his Defigns he
carried on by
he ftrength of meer natural Parts : for he was fo very illicerate, that
he could neiher Write nor Read, his Edids were Sign'd with his two Marks, betwixt
which
V ITrl^ll t ^'^"" J '^ " '''' " '^^^^ "'^^ ^ S- -hich died young
by JMha s Sifter, who came afterwards to be call'd Vonna Annlma he
died m
heir whole Defigns.th.nking with the feruv.an Treafures,asthe Sinews of
War, to
laveereaed a fifth Monarchy CO fucceed the fourth of the g^;.,.
V>^rroS Murderer, though aiming at the Supream Power, he h*d a
confiderable
^ ^ 3 ' Party

454-

Atfri'.gro uttcily fltfearLu by V:tcca

Delirer'd up
Prifoner by
Salaz'ir-, and
Beheaded.

The Emperor's Proda

mation in bi.
half of the
Indians.

Ill refented
by the Spnni
ards.

J M E'KI C A. Chap. iV.

Party to countenance and aid him, yet he found refiilance in many
places, not without the loi^s of many Men on both fides. In which Junduue the Learned
Vacca, de
(^rt/?ro Landed in Terw, with a CommifTion from the Emperor to fettle
the divided Kingdom of ^eru in Peace and Quiet- but the young Ahnagro mz^ to fee
his Ambition thus crofsM, gave Battel to Capo in the Plain of Chuj^as 5
the Difpute
was long and refolute on both fides, and the Might coming on made the
Fight the
more terrible, in which the Victory inclin'd to Cajlro j however iht
Almdgriam9(.oo^
to it ftoutly for a great while, and that chiefly through the valor of
the Captains
2alhoa and Chriftopher Ufa, who breaking in amongft the Caflreans,
hack'dand hew'd
down all they came near^ till at laftthey were forc'd to betake
themfelves to flight,
and had not many of them exchang d their white Scarfs with the red of
the flain
Capeansy fcarce any of them had efcapM from being kill'd in the purfuit,
and moll

of them that did efcape were flain the next Morning by the TeruVians.
^odrlgo Sak:^ar, Jlmagros Deputy, delivcr'd up his Lord to (}i/?ro,who condemn d
him to death,
whereupon he was immediately Beheaded with a Sword. This Battel hapned
on
the twenty fixth of September Jnno 1542. when it Froze fo hard the
following Night,
that mod of thofe that were left wounded upon the place, were frozen to
death.
Thus C^y?>o began his Government with Blood, and made it his firfi:
Bufinefs to
makea Difcovery by feveral of his Captains, whom he fent for that
purpofe, of the
Countreys lying Eaftward from feru, lying upon the great River Dela
flata, and
the River Mara?inon, where in moft places they met onely with falvage
People, and
for the mod part Man-eaters ; and in one place where they Landed, a
great Fifh refemblincr a Dog came afhore and killed feveral Arm'd Soldiers. Ayear and
a half
Caftro had liv'd in Cufco, when at the arrival of the Vice-Roy mfcus ]
S[mne^ Vela,
all things were turn'd topfie-turvy, he being fent thither by the
Emperor Charles the
Fifth, accompanied by four Councellors, Diego Sepada, Lifon Tejada, Juan
Jlvare^,
and feter Qrt'i:^, to curb the Spaniards Villanies and Outrages
committed againft the
TeruVmis.tnnz^ Tumhe:^ Anno 1 544. where he immediately publifli'd the
Emperor's
Edids, which were to this effed :
All Peruvians are to he released from Slavery - no Spaniard fmll tn the
leaf o^^^refthem,
': nor make ufe of their Service without rewarding them for the fame,
nor take any froVifions of
them without paying for it.
This Proclamation was like to put the Spaniards into an uproar : for at
that
-time % Peruvian Lord w^s forc'd to allow every Foot=Soldier three
Slaves, and a
Horfeman five, befides Hens, Rabbets, Eggs, the Wine A^un, and other
Provifions,
for nothing. The general Complaints were, Is this the (^ward for our
Service tvhich
Ti,e have {hewn to the Emperor ? Is not this mighty Kjngdom of Peru by
our ^ood and Labor
joynd to the Imperial Cro-^n ? Our Shoulders aregroli^n fore under our
Arms, our bodies made
ufekj^-with F/ounds, and our Limbs Umed T^ith 'Bruifes, Who f mil
maintain our Wives and
Children, if the Peruvians, li?ho according to the Law of Arms arc
become our Slaves, jlwuld
not he forc'd to fif? for f earls tn the Sea, and dig us Silver out of

the Mines, and do us other

Service for to maintain us ? But Fela being deaf to thefe Complaints,
refolv'd that the
Emperor's Commands fliould be fulfiU'd, and that thofe that fpake
againft them,
fliould lofe their Lives : and that he might terrifie the generality
with the punifhment of a few, he caus'd Fryer Teter of the Order of the Virgin Mary to
be Executed in Truxillo, Caftro to be committed to Prifon at Lima, becaufe he
had put Ahna^ro
to death without Examination, and fluit the Gates of C/co when his
Agent came
before the fame. But do what he could, the Spaniards generally making
Head, utterly refus'd to obey the Emperor's Edifts, and chofe Goifaho Ti^nrro
for thenGeneral, who rais'dfive hundred Men in complcat Arms in Cufco, from
whence he
march'd

i^^Sl^mm^

w^,

Chap. IV. , (t/f M E %^I C .f.

marchM diredly with them to Los (^eyos, under pretence to deli'

435

, T Tr- T^ , . ~ ' i - ^- "...vcr a Petition ^'^'"^'^^marthere co the Vice-Roy s Council, about deferring to put the new
Edicts ,n force &^
till the Emperor was better inform'd of the prefent Condition of the
'PeruV.an Statetwenty great Field-pieces being alfoorder'd to follow <P,^an-os Army
were car.'
ned by the Teru^Ms over craggy Mountains ; to each Gun without the
Cartiaae
were order'd three hundred Men, of whom twelve at a time carried it in
their
turns a hundred Paces a piece ; though fevcral eminent Perfons
confiderins the
weightinefs of the Affair, forfook 'P.^an-o's Party, and went privately

to the Vice
Roy, as on the other fide, many deferting the Vice-Roy joyn'd with
f.^ano, who
being not a little fupply'd by <PeterTdks Governor o( Guauaca, took
feveralof thofe '
that had deferted him Prifoners, and put them all to death, whileft the
Vice-Roy
made what Preparations poflibly he could. Hanging many innocent Perfons
onely
on fufpicion of holding Correfpondency with T.^arro, infomuch that there
was nO
end of Murdering on both fides. But F.la clafting with his Councellors,
becaufe -'-**.
they would not confent that he fiiould mine Lo> f^ejos, refolv'd to do
it without coliL.them ; and to that end to remove the Emperor's Seal, Staple of Trade,
and Courts "p-^'"''
ot Judicature to Trux.llo, and to fpoil the Countrey all about ; which
as he was ^
about to put in Execution, they privately got Captain Manin (gobies, and
FeU's
Lifeguard, confifting of a hundred Men, on their fide, whileft the
common People mutinying broke into the Palace, took Vda and carried him to the
chief Church
in Los y OS where the four Councellors wereaffembled, who order'd that
thePri,
loner {hould be Shiptand fent away to Spain, when Jlvares Cueto lyina in
the Harbor with ten Sail threatned to fall upon the Inhabitants if they would
not releafe
the Vice-Roy : whereupon the Councellors well provided with Guns rais'd
fe.
veral Batteries againft his Ships, fo that CuHo finding himfelf too
weak, fet four
of his Veffels on fire, and Sail'd with the reft to the Haven Gua^ata.,
where being
fet upon by Diego GarKJ^, he was forc'd to deliver the remaining part of
his Fleet
up to the Councellors, who fent Vela away with the fame, under the
Command of
Ddaco AharaicK.. But fi^frro. who till this time had pretended that he
fought
nothing elfe but W.'s Departure, march'd clofe to the Walls of Los
<Peyos with
twelve hundred Men, Hang'd three Citizens upon a Tree, requir'd the
Councel.
lors to grant him Letters Patents, by which he might be acknowleda'd for
the Supream Governor of^eru, which if they refus'd, he threatned to put all
that were
in the City to the Sword ; and upon Confultation it was judg'd
convenient to
grant his Demands the rather, becaufe they had not above fifty fighting
Men iri
the City. Mean while ^aco Jharade^ ,aking an Agreement with the ViceRoy. b. s.,,

they return d back with their Ships, and Landed in the Haven Mouth of
the Ri- SL^ii
ver Tumbe^, rais d what Forces they could poffibly thereabouts, but were
forc'd to '
retire from thence to Quito, (at the fame time that the Councellor
Tfj.J^ being fent
hyT.^arro to the Emperor, came to an Anchor there) where they were
courteoufly Entertain'd ; as alfo in St. Michael, where they got daily more
and more Affiflams ; of which 'Pi^ano being inform'd, went thither with five hundred
Men
and forcing the Vice-Roy to flye from thence, purfu'd him above thirty
Leagues'
^.7f^"^I r ff ^JT ^' ""''^ ''^' ^ ^'^ ^^"y- Af'" -"^"y RencouLers'
and Hardftipsfufferd by both Parties, f.^arro exceedingly wearied,
return'd to
a,(o, where he minded nothing but all manner of Debaucheries, not in
the leaft
regarding the Vice.Roy's Defigns, which it concern'd him to have
narrowly look'd
into, for he having got five hundred Men on his fide, refolv'd to
venture a Battel.
:t was towards Evening when the two Parties had fight of one another :
ft..n-o
uvingnoton^ly more Men, but alfo better Exercis'd in Arms than the ViceRoy,
who

, I by Jjvars)rc d to M.

HHBBii

im

<iA M E %.l C A.

Chap. IV.

The ViceRoy flam by

Carvayales.

Luxury, and
Tyranny.

Vela Jflunnez
and Ltt Torre
Plotting ag.iinft Pii^rro, arc taken
and Executed

Peter Gafa
fent to fettle
Affairs in

who being fenfible thereof, went filently about Midnight from his
Station along
a narrow by^Path, fo to fall behind upon the Rcre of the Enemy, who
miftrufted I
nothing, by reafon the Vice-Roy's Dogs kept a continual Barking in his
old Station, and the ^eruVtan Sentinels were heard calling to one another, and
making
great Fires all the Night long ; but becaufe the Way was over.grown, and
farther
about than it was fuppos'd, the Vice-Roy finding the Night too far
fpent, went
back to (^ito, out of which he Sallied as foon as he had fight of
rt^arros Forces j
againft whom, beingclad in a white Riding Coat, through the Slits of
which appeared a Cloth of TifTue Doublet, he came Riding on a Bay Gelding in the
Head of
his Party J with which breaking in amongft the Enemies Ranks,he made a
confiderable {laughter amongft them, till Bcrnand Tores coming near him, gave
him a Blow
on the Had with a Battel-Ax, that fell'd him to the Ground, which the
Lawyer
Caryayales feeing, ran immediately, out of defire to revenge his
Brother's Death,
whom the Vice*Roy hadmurder'd,and choppdofF his Head. Thus P/^^rro being

abfolute Maftcr of the Field, began to fhew his tyranny upon the
Prifoners, fome
he took away by Poyfon, others he Executed with the Sword and Halter,
others
he banifh'd to the remote Countrey C^ili, and fpenthis time in all
manner of Vice
'm(luito ; where, amongft other leud Aaions, making Love to another
Man's Wife,
he hir'd one Fincent (pauho murder heir Husband, which faid Ftncent was
afterwards
Hang'd at falladolid in Spain. The Adulterefs alfo was afterwards Got
with Child
by her own Father, and both of them put to death for Inccft and
murdering of their
Child. fiKfirro being received as King in Los (^eyos, grew every day
more proud
than other, infomuch that his Friends themfelves began to hate and envy
him, and
wanted onely a convenient opportunity to rid themfelves of this highminded Tyrant. A ftrange Accident, among others, had done him great hurt, had it
not been
timely difcoverM, vi;^. Joan deUTone, a Soldier formerly belonging to
the ViceRoy, found accidentally a'Grave in the Valley Hc^ (which by the
Teruvians had
been worOiipp'd above two Ages before) and in it fo much Offered Gold
and Silver as amounted to above eighty thoufand Crowns in Gold, befides many
Erne,
raulds and Turcoifes, all which Treafure he was puzled how to carry away
and pof.
fefs fecurely, partly fearing the Emperor's Difplcafure, if he fhould
arrive thus
rich in Spain, the rather becaufe he had fided with fi^^arro, and alfo
knowing it
was impofTibleto convey it on Ship-board without one or others knowledge
j at
laft, after many Contrivances, he judg d it convenient to put the Money
in a fmall
Veffel, and Sail with the fame to 2^ic^r4^W4, there to raife Men to
oppofe (pi:^aryo
in thofe Parts, that fo he might re.gain the Emperor's Favor. This
Undertaking
feem'd to bethreatped by many Dangers, he not having a fufficient Spirit
to Command, or at leaft Experience to officiate the Place of a Captain. In the
mean time
VchKunne:^, Brother to the (lain Vice-Roy, taken in the Battel ^t Quito,
had fo
much priviledge allow'd him from rt^^arro, that he went a Hunting, and
other fuch
Exercifes, diftant from the Camp, who meeting with La Torre, took him in
his
arms, and embrac'd him with great joy, which fo wrought upon La Torre,
that he
difco'ver'd the Secret of his difcover'd Treafure, took an Oath of him

that he would
be faithful to him,and take Revenge of fizarro for all the Injuries
teceiv'd from himj
but before, according to their Agreement, they could fet Sail from
thence, their
Plot being difcover'd, both N;/c';<, and Tom were Executed, and their
Riches fell
into the Hands of 'Pi;^^rro.
Whileft the ?eruVtan Affairs were in this confufion and diforder, feter
Gafca, impowcr'd by the Emperor C7w/^j the Fifth, arriving there, endeavor'd to
fettle all
things in Peace and Quiet, and fent by T^r Hcrnandes,hQ(\6cs the
Emperor's Letter,
another,

Chap. IV. ' A M E%^1'C k

another which he writ himfelf co r^^m,. the Contents of which were to
this
pLirpofe :

?9

TBe Peruvian %/ Ulh drunk up the SpaniOi Stood long enough, and the
ruind ^ealm ^4-. t. gapes for %efl : The Emperor proffers fardon for all paft Qr.mes,
Repeals the ml, tX "''
Uts -^Inch the Vtce.<^oy Vela, duringhls Government, enjoyn'd the
Spznhrds to obfery,e
If Pizarro aims at the general Welfare, he may eafily fee that Jrms mujl
frft be laid afide '
whch he now depends on in Vain, all hi, Jffociates heingready to forfake
hm, becaufeno Soldie'r
can take up Arms agatnft the Emperor, mhout being guilty of high
Treafou.
Ti^arro confounded with this Letter, call'd a Council of War,
whodiffer'd very w.De.
much from one another in their Votes, fome judging that it would be bell
pri- &/'"'*
vately to deftroy Gafca, others were for an open Engagement, but moft
thought of
another way, y,^. to get hisPerfon into their cuftody, and keep him
under a Irong
Guard on the Ifland <Puna, under pretence that the feruvian Princes were
fent for to
come and acknowledge him as fupreara Governor, which becaufe the Cities

lay fo
remote one from another, could not be done in lefs than two years. Mean
while
an Embaffy was to be fent to the Court at Madrid, which fliould enjoyn
Gafca to
remam in Manama, and not oflFer to come to <Per,t till fuch time as the
Emperor
commanded the fame a fecond time at the return of the Agents. But
Hieronim<M ! "-,
L./. chief Bifliop of Lo. ^eyos, Thomas Martin, Provincial of the
Dom.nicans, Comes &! "
So/a, <Pt^arro s Steward, Laurence Jldana, who were defign'd for this
Embafly to the
Emperor Charles, never went their Journey, but ftaid in Manama with
Gafca, who
hadalfo ga.nd to his Party <Peter Jlphonfo Ainoiofa, who Commanded
r.^arro's
Fleet .- Adana hkew.fe inform'd him of all f.^arros private Councels ;
where,
upon G/c. feat privately for Aid to Mexico, Guatimala, Nicaragua, and
St. Domingo,
and difpatch d four Ships with three hundred Vlen, Commanded by Jldana,
from
the Haven <Panama, with Order to Land about Midnight againft the City
Los <Reyos,
and fo fall unawares on Tt^arro. Aldana accordingly falling into the Bay
of Mala.
bnge,w.s rehev d and fupply'd with Provifions by Diego Mora,Govcrnor
oiTruxUlo :
On the other fide, the Field=Mar(hal QarVayales being fent for by
fi^arro, made a
ponripous Entrance with the firing of Guns and Bonfires, into Losl^eyos,
where all
Perfons that feem d to have the leaft inclination for Gafca, were either
ftabb'd or
poyfon d. In the room of Mora, fi^arro fent the Lawyer Garcias Leon to
be Governor olTruxdlo, but he being taken by Aldana s Fleet, joyn'd with
Gafca and
thus all things began to confpire the mine of fi^arro, yet he defpair'd
not, but being
inform d of the approach of the Ships, caus'd the Drums to be beaten in
Los <Reyos
fore d every one that was able to bear Arms, on pain of death to ferve
him, made
feveral experienc d Soldiers, Commanders over his Horfe and Foot, to
whom he
gave as much Money as they requir'd,to maintain thofe whom they had
rais'd and
who were tobe rais'd, by which means he got athoufand Men in Arms . to
which
number, according to an Order fent to Cufco, flata, Are^uipa, Lima,
Gu'anuco, and
other neighboring Places, new Forces were expefted to joyn ; but
SaVedra, Governor of Gwm.0 deferring the City, left fi^arro and joyn'd with Mora, who
fecur'd

the Province of Caxamalca for Gafca. Thus Ti^arro began to be daily more
and
moreforfaken Since the deftruftion of the Vice-Roy m. Captain W />.
had hid himfelf out of fear offi^arro a whole year, in a Cave under
Grolnd, but
now inform d of Gafca s Arrival, came forth, and getting forty Men and
fome
Horfes together, whichalfobelong'd formerly to theVice.Roy, refolv'd,
though
meanly Arm d, to go upon a bold Defign, v,^. to take the City Cnfco .,
of which
Anton'iQ

I'M'

um^

Cufca taken
by Csntena.

losXfyss declares for the

Emperor.

A M E %^I C A. Cliap. IV.

Jntonlo de '\0hle5, a Man hated and defpis'd for his mean Extrad and
little Wit,
had the chief Command, there being therein a Garrifon of five hundred
Soldiers,
bcfides the Citizens, who were likewife in Arms : Being informed of
Centcno's approach, he fent out Francifco Aguurre as a Spye to difcover the Enemy;
but he joyning
with Centeno, advis'd him to march along a By-way, and towards Night to
draw up
^bcut Cufco, which accordingly he did, and forcing open the Gates,
ruOi'd in with
his Horfe againft the Enemy, who were drawn up in the Market=place, and
breaking through their Ranks trampled whole Companies under foot jafter which
he fell
in upon ^hks, who having forgotten to give his Men the Word, caus'd a

great diftradion for the Men blinded by the darknefs of the Night, knew not
Friend from
Foe infomuch that ^hless Party did one another more mifchicf than Centem
did ;
who beina thus become Mailer of the City, caUs'd ^ohles to be Beheaded
the next
day, and diftributed a hundred thoufand Vucats amongft his Soldiers, and
then
marchM with a hundred Men to the City <?lata, to bring Mendo^a, Governor
of the
fame, under the Emperor's fubje <tion 5 in which his Defign he likewife
prov'd fuceefsful, being fupply'd with a hundred and thirty Foot, which hue as
Martin^ had
fetch'd from Jrequipa for the Service of fi;^arro, whom fince he had
deferred and
joyn'd with Gafcas Party. Mean while the Fleet under the Command of
Jldana
arrived in the Haven before Los^^yos, to the great terror and amazement
of the
whole City ; from whence (pi:^arro marching, Encamp'd himfelf with five
hundred and fifty Men, fo to prevent their Landing, fwearing that he would
fparc
none whoe're fell into his Hands, and fent Order to Teter Martm, whom he
had left
in the City, immediately to Hang upthofe which would not follow the
Army, or
who return'd from thence home ; to which purpofe Martin went from place
to place
with an Executioner, and thinking him not quick enough in his Work,
ftabb'd
many Citizens himfelf: And ftrid Order was given by <Pi^arro, that all
Runaways fliould bepuniOiM with Death 5 notwithftanding all which many of
his
neareft Friends daily forfook him, taking advantage of the darknefs of
the Night
nay, the Soldiers themfelves would at Noon.day ride away from him,
crying
^\oud, long UyetJ?e Emperor, and let the Tyrant 'Piza.xrio die :
Wherefore he judg'd ic
moftconve'nient to remove to the Countrey Nafca : During his Journey
thither,
whole Troops left him, infomuch that he fcarce kept a hundred and fifty
Men,
and thofe he fear'd every Minute would fall upon him and Murder him.
With fi;^ari'os departure, the whole Scene of Affairs was chang'd in Los
(!{eyos j
for there the Imperial Standard was ereded, the City Cryer read the
Letters of
Pardon which Oafca had brought with him horn Spain in the corner of
every Street.

Juan Talimino Landing with fifty Men, received all thofc that had
deferted Ti;^arro,
whileft Gafca fet Sail from fanama with five hundred Men, with whom
Landing at
Truxillo, he Encamp'd himfelf in the Valley Xmxa, whither great
multitudes
flock'd from all places out of malice to Ti^arro, who in a fliort time
had deftroy'd
above five hundred Gentlemen. But fi:^arro having quitted Los %oj, he
poffefs'd
the City Jrequipa, which he found quite defolate, but meeting afterwards
with the
ForcesCommandedbyJ4H^co/?4, of which one half were alfo run away,
joyn'd
with them, and march'd againft Centeno, wholay along the Lake Titicaca,
with
whom he Engag'd in the Plain Guarina'.LudoVico ^bera Landing,amio's
Party fir'd
their Guns before the fi^arrians were within (liot of him,of vihich Gary
ay ales making
fpeedyufe, drew up his Pieces clofe before the Enemy, and made an
exceeding
daughter amongft them, killing above a hundred and fifty Men in the
firft Onfet j
the Horfe amaz'd at the fudden deftrudion of the Foot, fled, leaving the
ren^-aining Foot-Soldiers open to the Enemy, who was gotten behind them with
hisMuf* quetteers,

Chap. IVo _ ^ ^ M E %^t C A

quetteers, and with his Horfe before, whileft fix ^.rW..u carried away
Centeno out
ofthe Fight, he lying fick on a Chair. rt:^arro thus become Vidor, kiU'd
all he
met with; of which G^/.^ being inform'd, refolving upon a private and
fudden
Revenge,eausM all Neceffaries for War to be made ready, and march'd with
a thou-

fand and nine hundred Men out ofthe Valley o^ Xauxa to Cufco, where by
the Way
he was fupply'd with the Forces, which the experience Colonel Teter
rahliVm had
brought from Chili ; with which coming to Anda^ua, he took up his
Quarters there
for Tome time, becaufe the mild Winter had with continual Rains made the
Ways
fo dirty, that there was no travelling, and had rotted their Tents and
Mai;^, andalfo occafion d the Bloody-flux amongft the Soldiers. In March, Gafca
broke up with
his Camp to crofs the River A^urima, which he found very troublefom,
becaufe fizano had broke down all the Bridges ; But Gafca caused Wood and other
Materials to be carried to feveral places,that the Enemy fliould not certainly
know his Intentions, and at lail march'd over deep fnowy Mountains to Qotahamha,
where fuddenly he made a Bridge, over which march'd four hundred Foot, but the
Horfc fuffer'd moil: damage j for fixty Horfes loaden with Arms going to wade
over, were
carried down by the Stream againft fiiarp Rocks, by which they were
defperately
gor'd in their fides, and many of them kill'd outright, ^l^ano informed
of the
Enemies whole Proceedings by his Spycs, Cent Ac oji a thither with two
hundred
Mufquetteers, to fall upon thofe that were come over, whom he finding
too many,
durft not venture to Engage with them. Mean while Gafca s whole Army
getting
over on the other fide ofthe River Apurima, march'd up a high Hill,
whilefi: Ti^^arro Encamp'd himfelf five Leagues from Cufco, in a Plain callM
Sagufagrana, the
Entrance into his Camp being fortifi'd with fix Field-Pieces , each fide
by I Ri.
ver and feveral Mountains, and the Rere by a deep dry Moat : Gafca Hood
upon
a Hill and view'd the Enemy's whole Forces lying in the Valley, and
being opprefs'd with exceiTjve Heat, whilefi: his Men were fo exceedingly pinchM
with Cold
in the Night, that they were fcarce able to hold their Arms, according
to the ftrange
property ofthe (Peruvian Climate ; for the tops of Hills generally
Freeze, whilefi:
the Valleys about a League from thence are parch'd with Heat : At Breakof-day
Gafca defcended the Hill ; his Horfe being divided into two Wings, were
Com*
manded, the left by Juan Sa^vedra, and the right by <Baltha^ar Qaftro-^
Mendo;^a led fome
Dragoons, K^Wm^ guarded the Guns, and C/^/c^ himfelf mar ch'd in the

Front of the
Mufquetteers. On the other fide, ^i:<^arro plac'd the feruVwis on his
right Wing,
O^eda and Acofla Commanded the Horfe, CarVayaks and La Torre the Foot,
Sehafiian
Vergara and Teter Soria guarded the Field-Pieces : But the Battel was
fcarce begun,
when Qpedo and a great part of the Horfe deferting fi:^arro went to joyn
with
Gafca, and immediately after the right Wing of the Mufquetteers ; at the
fame
time Centeno and Mendo:^aRx'd amongfl: fi;^arro's main Body, of which
fome ran a.
way to Cufcoj others with their Colours to Gafca s Army. <Pizarro feeing
himfelf ''/V''"^
thus toriaken, cry d out, Smce all are fled to the Imperial Standard, I
will alfo betake my felf^''" }'f^^^
tbtther, li>here ferhaps I may find Mercy : Whereupon Acojla anfwer^.
Let us rather fall ^"^'''
'namongjl the thickeft of the Enemy, and die Valiantly : To which
Ti:^arro reply 'd, No,
wli; I have loft Honor and Goods, Imuft take care for my Soul, that that
may not he loft alfo ^
ivhich faid, he lighted from his Horfe, Caparifon'd in Silver, and
delivered himfelf
md his Sword into the Hands ofthe Serjeant VtlUvicen^o , who found him
Habited
n curious Armor,a Golden Helmet with a fiately Plume of Feathers, and a
Corflec
ncircl'd with Emeraulds about his Neck : Gafca feeing him brought before
him in
his manner, faid thus unto him-, Have you not order d your Bufme/^ well,
to jpaftefo much
fthe Emperor's Treafure^ andft^edfo much bloody and all to confirm your
felf in your unlawful
urpatimi

^^o \^ M B "Kl C A. Cliap. IV,

UfurpationofVttVi^ To which '?i;<,4rro anfwer^d, faying, I haVe Jl>erJt
yny oli?n Epte
in the Service of the SpaniQi Cro-^n.and might la-^fully take upon me
the Gol;enime?2t of Peru,
having with the lof^ of my 'Brother's Life, and the hazard of my ol^n,
difcove/d the fame.
Qarvayales ckz^ing out o^thz Fight, had hi3 himfelf in a Thicket of
Canes, buc
being difcoverM by his own People, was by them brought before Gafca, who
the
car'v.y.ies next day after the Battel caus'd him to be Quarter'd alive,
and Ti^trro's Head to
both^prto be cut off in Prifon 5 the other Prifoners were moft of them

kill'd in cold Blood.

G-'il''^ Gafca thus become abfolute Mafter of feru, found an incredible
Treafure left by
fizarro of which he gave to every common Soldier above fix thoufand
Ducats ;
and with this his vi^orious Army march'd to Cufco, where he employed his
Executioners afrefli, in Hanging, Drawing, and the like; fome that were
ftigmatiz'd
and condemned to the Galleys, accounted themfelves happy that they had
efcap'd
To. Gafca, though Vidor, perceiv'd no fmall Troubles to threaten him,
having
twenty five hundred Men in Arms, of which every one for their faithful
Service
judg d that they deferv'd fome Office or other, there being then above a
hundred
and fifty to difpofe of, Tii^arro having Executed the chiefeft Officers,
and thofe
that bore any Command under him being either fled or kill'd in the lad
Fight : buc
the fmall number of Officers that were wanting, was not to be compared
to all
thofe that gap'd for Commiflions. The Revenues, which yearly amounted to
eleven hundred thoufand Ducats, went moft of it away amongft the
Officers, the
common Soldiers getting onely a fmall Snip out of it ; wherefore many
began to
murmur, and were upon the point of Mutinying, i^Ctanca, the Judge of
criminal
Caufes, taking the chief of them, had not punifh'd them in fuch a
manner, that all
the reft being terrifi'd, gave over their Complaints. After Gafca had
fpent above
nine hundred thoufand Ducats in the War 'againft <?/;<4rro ; all which
Money he
took up upon Intereft, which, after having fetled the Kingdom in
Quietncfs, he
paid for the moft part with the Goods taken from the Rebels. Next he
made a Law
concerning the Peruvians paying of Tribute, which before the Spaniards
forc'd from
them whenfoe're and kowfoe're they pleas'd, with the greateft Tortures
imaginable.
Gafca having again ereded in Los ^eyos the high Court of Judicature, in
which
fat the Imperial Judges, return'd home with an unvaluable Mafs of
Treafure for
Charles the Fifth,and left the Peruvian Government to the Judge Qanca ;
fince which
time feru hath been Govern d by Vice-Roys, the firft whereof, who
fucceeded Ganca, was Antonio Mendo^a, and after him fucceffively Andreas Hurtado
Mendo^a, Diego
Valafco, Lope^ Garcias de Cajlro, Vrancifco de Toledo, Martin E?iriques,

Garcias Mendo:^a,
LudoVtco Velafco, and Juan Tacheco, under whom the Peruvian Kingdom hath
enjoy'd
Peace and Quiet, to the confiderable enriching of the Spa?iijl?
Inhabitants.
Thus much of the antient Tranfaftions in Teru, it will now be requifite
to give
you a brief Account of the feveral Provinces in this mighty Kingdom.
The Countrey is generally divided into three Juridicial%eforts, as they
call them,
or Courts of Appeal, which are Quito, Lima, and Charcas j but the
particular Provinces, as they are commonly obferv'd by Geographers, are faid to be
fix, VtzI.Quito. i.LosQuixos. -^^ Lima. ^,Cufco. <), Charcas. and 6Xollao,

Ftru Governed by ViceRoys.

Divifion cf
Ptra,

Sect.

V r

Chap. IV.

A M E%^1C A.

4+1

S E C T. II.
Quito.
THe firft Province of (P.. cowards the North is Qu,to, or the new
Kingdom s,..,.

LTnr T c ? '''" ^'^' " '^ ''""''^'^' ''^^'"g '1^^ Weft, S'irr
M,.e */ ^, on the South, Uma ., and on the Eaft, !. |ixo,. It iieth
in a manner nght under the Line, and is faid to be feventy two Leagues
in length
and m lorae places about twenty five in breadth.
The Winter begins herein OBober, and continues till AfW., in which fall
mighty
Showers and on the Mountains abundance of Snow, but all the Summer long
the
Sun IS Wdom darkned with a Cloud. Many of the Inhabitants die of a
Giddinefs
in the Head about the beginning and end of Summer. The<POX alfo deftrovs
many of the Natives ., with which Difeafe they are often born, and give
it to the
Sfamards^ ^ho are not able to abftain from the Mian Women ; they ufe
Salfapan<i and the Wood GaawcHm to cure themfelves with.
Here grow alfo many poyfonous Herbs, which the* Teruyiam make ufe of to
poylon one another.
In the fartheft parts of Quito grows the fait and cooling Fruit Quaba,
tvtro Hand- "= w.
Srld?' ' "'"'' ' ^''^ ^'"'^' """^ ''''^'" ^"^^ "^ whitrPulp and hard
'^""
The Tree G<,J^ hath a pale fmooth Bark, thick Boughs, hard and
glittering -^he t.
Leaves, F owers confifting of five Leaves, not unlike a Peacock's Plume,
long Ao! ""'""
pies, woolly without, and within full of a pale red Pulp and eatable
Stones^, the
Root, wh.ch fpreads .c felf very much, is fweet, and when boyl'd cures
the Blo'ody>
; Th^ Tree grows in moft places, efpecially in low Grounds, the more becaufe the Kernels wh.ch the Birds picking out let fall on the Ground,
fpring up in
new Trees. ^ & -t "'
The S^.,77; Fruits, as Peaches, Cittrons, Figs, Pomegranates, Pears
Quinces
.nd Oranges, grow alfo here in great abundance', but whL ripe a;e fX:^Z'
Moreover the Fields abound with Wheat, Barley, and ^^ the Pafture. af- '
Ford plenty of Grafs for Oxen, Horfes and Sheep, which bring f;rth Lambs
twice
m fourteen Moneths.
The Ocean and Rivers ftore of Fifl, , the Stream .rW. us'd formerly to
produce Gold alfo. ^ ^
In moift Grounds the Inhabitants find abundance of Salt-petre, the beft

that is
for the making of Gun.powder. <: oeit tnat is
HiS','''' ^'^^"''J"V" of Travellers, Inns call'd Ta.bos, are built
near the ne r.
High.ways, exadly five Leagues diftant one from another, where all forts
of Pro ""'"
fifionsareloldatafecPrice. "i i ro
The Natives antiently went Cloth'd in a Frock without Sleeves, as wide
on the The n>
ncll d ! n V r' 'T.^^ " ''"" '"y ^"' '"' ""cherous! inconftant,and
_ncl,n d to Drunkennefs : They were very hard alfo to be brought to
receive the
K.mn Rel.g,on, fo that moft of them would n^t fuffer themfelves to be
Baptiz'd
ZV'^lr^^ 7-^'^ alfo drove a great Trade in Cotton, Wooll, andCloth.
Between?.y2 and 2rt<, are feveral Villages, and the famous High-way,
by the
r, '"' j'^7';J '^' Wildernefl-es and Mountains, the Wall of an old
Caftle,^and
^e wonderful Stone-Bridge L,cW., which Nature hath made over the fwift
T E River

Jature
Peo-

H" I

i.f2

M E % I C J.

Chap. IV.

Towns and
rjaces cf
chief note.

River Gtiaca-, it confifts of a hard Cliff, at the Foot whereof is a

great Arch,
through which the Water runs with exceeding force.
This Tradt of Land produces Maiis^y and abundance of Mortuanos, a Fruit
refemblin<T Damask Prunes, which eaten in excefs caufe Drunkennefs and
Faintnefs.
The Lake Yctguarcocha, fignifying bloody -ITater, becaufe the Inga
GuayanacaVa killM
and drown'd twenty thoufand there.
The chief Towns and Places of Note are, i. Caran^ue;^, antiently a Royal
City,
where flood a fumptuous and ftately Palace of the Kings oi^eru, now
almoft deferted. The Palace, built of Stone in a little Plain, without cither
Mortar or Ironwork, manifcfts its former glory by its Ruines.
2. The Royal Caftle o( Atabalo, or OttaVallis, in the building of which
the In^AS
fparM no Coft nor Charges ; and indeed it is a Struaiure no way inferior
to any of
the antient <I{pman Edifices. Between this Caflle and Cochequi, a
flately Houfe, lies a
cold fnowy Mountain. Moreover, the Spaniards have feveral Habitations
along
the Way to Quito, and efpecially in the Valley Jnnaquko, where the
Vice==Roy FeU
loft the Battel fought againft Gonfaho fi^arro.
7. Quito, commonly call'd St, Francifco de Quito. There flood formerly
here cer.
tain Palaces,built by the /^^,but the City was re-built by the
Spaniards at the Foot
of a certain Ridge of Mountains, which it hath on the North and
NorthWeft fide
of it, and are faid by L^e^, to crofsthe whole Countrey o^ Teru quite
over from the
South to the North Sea : It was foon after the Building inhabited by
five hundred
Families of %m>J^ at leaft, befides Natives, and well fortifi'd, and
might be
thought a Town very well feared in all refpeds, but for the neighborhood
of a
Vulcan, which at times annoyeth it very much, as namely in the Year
1560. when
it vomited out fuch abundance of flaming Cinders and other fulphureous

Matter,
that had it not been for a Shower of Rain unexpe^edly falling, would
have much
damnified, if not deftroy'd the Place. The Natives about Quito are more
Moralized
than other TeruVians, The Valleys which are warm'd by the Sun produce
all manner of Fruit-Trees and large Vineyards ; and the KoozTafasj not unlike
Apples.
The

Chap. YV^ ' , zJ M E 'M^l C J.

>s boyl'd. From Quito the Hi^h-way leads Tufcllf ["t''^'''' ^'^l""^Leagues diftancc ftTndsabrave^Palacc- andf om r r "I, .r''"^ '' ""^ ^^"^
a choufand Leagues long. The C.c;bun:tfal^^ts;i ^di ^ '" 'I ''Z'
die by a Moat, over which lead feveral Brid^re, rh. L , '" '^^ '""'and full of haadfo. Houfes, and a\ tJeSV.ht ot^Tie^St ef /"' ''"f '^'
places. Befides the Cathedral.are two other Churches n7d/ ^^ ^^'''^"hajlian and Slafiu.. The Cloyftersof th/p ^;""^'^"' Dedicated to the
Saints SeOrnament to he City BefZ other flt^T^t" ""^ '""""""'"' ''''^^^ " '"->ll
ceivers of the Kings Revenues I whictt Je ^ "1" ^ ''^'^'^^""^ "^ ^''^ Ring computed no lers than fiC^tf in^r ^ ^^^^^^^^^^^
"raifazt^^wS-^^^^^^^^^
and other Cattel, Cotcon.Clothes Clo Flax Ha s r Z ' l" ''"P' ^^"'
which Salt, beins erey and bitter LZ . ^''^"t"' ^"^'S'' Sugar and
Salt ;
The Oyl, Wine^anV^rugs whS 2 5dT' ! f'S/" ''\^"""^y ^-
Che River ^..., , J, .hent : h" t t^ ^ifct; ^^- ''^ '^^^ '^ "P
i-est2:::tl; t t%t:t^^^^^^ --^ ^^
mix their Waters, neaf: Plain abunnTrhvSZ T^ "" ^'"" ^"'
derable Ruines of this Palace, in which oL may d "ct "he vaft D " "7"
T,'
vers Rooms, in feme of whirh Ar^c i ""'7 ^^^ Dimenfions of diClothes, of'whichkiLlftifding? rXles^: ;" others Provifio. and
:houfand in <Peru, efpeciallv alon/th. H i.^ l , '^"^ ^^^ '''^"^ ^''"^^^
munition ready i^ alU ces if need ^ U^ '^' '^'' '''^^ '"'^^^ ^''' '^'"
Am""yjnajipiacesitneedthould requ re. On the left fide ^frt / ,
ippear'd the famous Temple of rhp <; u r ^ ^ ^homebaml,a

>ainted, but alfo Inlayd wt fmtu .' t "tSpIlaT: Jt!" 1 ^"f""!

A^.thGold and coftly Images of great Touch LI fiir ^P^'' ^'^"'^
heir Walls an unvaluable Treaire Tuf ' '"'' J'*?"' '="'^i''J ^"^in
lay fail'n quite to decaj. Th Peol Ifl :^^S"'fi"'Struaures are at this
.leited onVtopof cLr H ad tke a c" ^"""^)'' ^ho wear long Hair,
nd Buskins of Hair-cloth Th witn i ?:""v Cloth'd in Cotton Coats
,...s, Plough, sowe. ^^^::r^nS:rS:^!:^:t::'^'^'
irh!;;^;^;rc7a!i:s^^^^^^^
5. Trfcww^rf, where was formerly another ft;ire1v P, I.. t rr ^
rom C>, not far from the Mountain wh h fomi v!a fl '^^^" ir^S^^
:tones into the adjacent Fields Hereablnr?, 7 ''"'"''"^ ^*" ^"'^
y the Kuns call'd N.., the Ru t wl^^Jf aT" ' 'u'p"''' '"'^'^'"'^
loufes of Stone, but cover'd with Thatch t1 4 -^ ^','^'"' ""'^ ^^^"^'
rown Complexion, and ofavrryafflt We "^^^^^^^ '''' PI- are of a
o^whchatro^i^--^^^^^^^^
.d the Tree W, which be rf ^ 1 'pT tTc'^ "f /" ' ^'^^^r ' '^'^^'^^'^'
great plenty. The fore-menll d 1 'a J il^'ef s ^^^ '^''^''^
e.r Backs, are alfo very common here tL w A\ f ^'"'^' 2^^ on
ns of Fowls amon^ftwhf.T 7''; J'' Woods abound with Deer and all
owls, amongft which one refemblmg a Goofe, andcll'd Xnta and ano.

I m

t %

ther

Sii

J M E %^I C A Chap. IV.

thernam'd Afo-., fomewhat leffetthanaCock.and which feeding about the
Houfe,
may be reckon'd amongft the Pouhrey of this Countrey. The Sea along the
Goaft
affords them abundance oiBomto's, which eaten in fome Seafons caufe
Agues. The
People along the Sea-Coaft are generally troubled with Pimples and Sores
in their
Faces efpecially on their Foreheads andNofes, fewofthem living long, by
reafon
of the unhealthfulnefsof the Place through exceffiveMoifture, for the
Ram continues eight Moneths together. ,.rcL -crl! r 1
10 MiBW, lying upon the Southern Ocean, the chief of the Villages,
formerly
poffefs'd by the Cranes, betwixt the Promontory fajfao and the River
Hable. Thefe
People are faid to this day to carve and cut their faces from their Ears
to their
Chins - about their Necks and Arms they wear Chains of Gold and little
red Corals call-d Chaauina, highly efteem'd by the 'Perul>,ans. This Town was
formerly
famous for a great Emerauld, which was religiounyworfli.pp'd there. '
u . Guayaaml, other wife call'd Culata, built at a deep Inlet of the
Sea, near the
River Jnebato, which with great fwiftnefs falls down from the Mountains
Quito, is
furrounded with a fertile Soyl ; and in the hollow Trees is found plenty
ofHon^y.
The Water of the fote-mention'd River, bcingof great vertue in curing
the M'^^u^
Gallkus, hath great refort of People from all places ; who likewife
gather the oarfapmlla that grows along the Banks. The Bridge which the Inga Gu,y,M began
to lay crofs this Rivet, is alfo very remarkable, but he dying, it was
left unfinifh d.
The G4c.Wc^ were heretofore under the Jurifdiftion of this City
Gmyaqutl.
I i . ajlro, fo call'd from a ftrong Fort built there by a S^an^>
Captam, and lituate in the Valley Fi/i, not far froin GwajKi^di;.
i; The City Loxa, built in the Countrey of the falm, a People that went
naked between two Arms of the Rivet CaUmayo under a wholfom Climate, near

the
High-way that leads to Cufco in the Valley Curibamh., where no poy^"""'
^'^^
was ever found. The Soil bears abundance of Oaks,Hazles, Aft, Willow,
and
Cedar.Trees ; Mai^, Barley, and Wheat. Not far from the City fpruigs a
hot and
fulphurous Fountain, which cures all forts of Sores and Wounds. The
Countrey
hereabouts is likewife ftor'd with Fowls, Venifon, Cattel, andFift.
Moreover,
the City receives no fmall luftre from two DomimV*,, and one Fmiajcm
Cloytter.
Eaft ward from which lie defolate Mountains, whofe tops are contmually
covcr'd
with Snow. Not far from hence were formerly two noble Palaces, 'PudrM
and
lamboblanco, befides feveral Villages. , . n t-l
U. Cnenca, wherein are alfo large Strudures for the Monks and Priefts :
The
Countrey about the fame hath rich Mines of Gold, Silver, Quickfilver,
Copper,
Iron, and Sulphur. , , , . ^ n,, c i
. Zamora, Eaftward from the cold Mountains Andes, built in a Marfty
Soyl,
where the Inhabitants are never vifited with Peftilential Diftempers,
and ufe no
other Phyfick for fuch Sickneffes as they are troubled with, than
Tobacco, and the
Herb jlcolla. But there is a certain Nut that grows hereabouts which
occafions
fudden death, if eaten raw, but being boyl'd, is a wholfom Food The
Mines afford areat pieces of Gold, of which one weiging eighteen Pound, was
prelemed
to n# the Second, King of 6>i. The briny Springs produce good Salt.
Ihree
Rivers falling from the Mountains, are noted for their Golden Sands, and
alio
afford delicious FiOi. TheB.es being here void of Stings, furnift the
Inhabitants
with plenty of Honey. Tl. -'- .>ers and little Lyons devour many of
the Sheep
(Pacos, Goats, Hogs, and othc .ttel, and fomecimes the Natives
themfelves. 1 he
City it felf is neatly built v h Woodden and Stone Houfes, and adorn d
with a
Church and Domhucan CU>yker,befidcs a flately Palace, theRefidence for
the Ring ^
Receiver

Chap. IV.

A ME%^1C A,

Receivet. The Natives about this Place are a ftupid and barbarous
People, which
before the Spnmis coming thither, would fora fmall trifle Icill one
another.
_ i6. The City titn, fituate in the Countrey Chuiquimayo -, it is fo
cali'd from a
fwift River, crofs which the <Perman Women and Children fwim, to the
great
amazement of the Sp^BiW.. They paint their Bodies black with the Juice
of the
Rootrga<w, and feed for the moft part on the ftamp'd Plant Yaca. On the
other
fide of the Mountain, which rifes on the Banks of Q'Humajo, lies the
Countrey 'Pc
T' u [ 'Jr^'^'^ "*'." inhabited, againft which juts the Golden Countrey
aLos.
fern hath alfo feveral delightful Valleys, amongft which on the North
the chiefeft
zje the TumkK, SoLm, <Poechos, and (Pir., all of them very fertile,
full of ftately
Buildings, and water'd by ftveral Rivers.
17. San Miguel, the firft City that was built by the Spaniards \a feru,
fituate in a
iandy and dry Soyl, being extraordinary dully in Summer, and very flabby
in the
Wmtet, becaufe the hard Ground cannot foak up the Rain. The I<ras made
a
Way through this Valley fifteen Foot broad, between two Walls, tnd
Planted
Trees on each fide.
1 8. Weft ward from Miguel appears <Payta, near a convenient Haven in
the South
Sea which Jnno 1547. was burnt by Thomas Candifr . fince which it had
been rebuilt twenty eight years, when Joris Sfilbergen, after a hard Engagement
with the
^anijh Admiral ^odrigo Mendo^a, arriving in the large Haven before
fayta, fcnt eiaht
Sail with three hundred Armed Men up to the City, where finding the
Enemy
Encamp d along the Shore, he return'd without any effeft ; but two of
his Friaars
the ate and the Morning-Star, running clofe to fayta, fir'd whole
Broad.fides at the
lame, whilcft Captain Ve W,t took a ?otvm Fifiier-man, who had been two

Monethsout at Sea, and taken abundance of Fifli. The Guns which the
Shins
hr d upon the Town ftruck fuch a terror into the Citizens, that they
fled with BaV
and Baggage into the Mountains, and left the City for a Prize to
Spdhcrnn, who
letting fire on the fame, in few hours burnt down two Churches, a
-DomiAm Clovlier, and feveral Alms-houfes : But had not the Citizens been cowardly,
they might
Tt 3- j;i^

SpUhergensi
Attempt uj>on P.iTfij,

tfl

H-BgH

ill

J M E'KI C J. Chap. IV.

eafily have kept off the Hollanders 5 for the ViceRoy LudoVico Felafco
inform'd of
Spilbey^e?i's Arrival^ had ftor'd the Place with Ammunition and Men,
whofe Courage failing, prov'd fiiccefsful for the HoUandas, who whileft they Rid
here at an
Anchor, took a very ftrange Bird on the Ifland Lohos^ lying before
^ayta^ being two
Yards high and three thick, in its Bill, Wings, and Claws refembling an
Eagle^ and
having a large Creft on its Head. Not long after ^Doyina^auh being
Governefs of
^ityta^ 7l Lady famous in ^eru for her Beauty and obliging Nature, fent
Cabbages,
Oranges, Cittrons, and other Provifions to the Hollanders^ and requefted
the Releafement of fome of the Spaniards taken in the Engagement againft
Mendo:^a, but
could not obtain her Requeft from the uncourcly Dutchnmu
Sect. III.

Los Quixos.

Dcfcription
of Los Q'txss

.' ruit.

The GranadiUa- Apple.

Towns and
Places of
chief note.

He Province of Los ^ixos lieth South, and to the South^Eaft o^ Quito ^

being
border'd more diredly Eaftward with a part of the Province of Guiana^
caird by fome Bl Doraduj or The Golden Countrey 5 on the South it hath
Lima
and Cufco.
This Province is fubdivided into feveral leffer Territories, Vt:^.
Canela, ^acomores,
and St, Juan de Salinas, Canela is fo called, becaufe it hath many great
Woods,
which produce the Fruit Ca?tela in great abundance, the Owners whereof
were moft
inhumanely dealt with by the Spaniards-^ for Gonfaho ^i^arro fuppofingto
get ftore
of Gold there, found nothing but Trees, bearing a Fruit like Olives, by
the Natives call'd Canela^ with which they us'd to drive a great Trade, being
otherwife
poor and fimple People, living in Huts, which ^i^^arro pulling down,
caus'd the
Inhabitants to be torn in pieces by his Dogs, becaufe they could not
furnifh him
with Gold, nor direct him where it was to be had.
Befidcs the Qatiela-Ttec^ this Countrey alfo produceth in great plenty
the Tree
which beareth the Apples Granadilbj exceeding good againll burning
Feavers ^ the

Leaves are like Ivy, the BlofTom refembling the Sun, and the long Leaves
fpeckled
with Red and White, open three hours after Sun-rifing, and clofe again
before the
Evening, juft as if Nature took care to preferve the beauty of the
Flower.
In this part of the Province the chief are, i. ^ae;^a, otherwife call'd
Qj^ixos, buik
in the Year i 559. by ^amires de jdVila, eighteen Leagues from Ctifco,
', 2. <^A'c/;iiio?/^,; twerity Leagues to the South-Eaft of S/^f;^^.
-^.Jvila. ^, ScyilU
del OrOj all of them Spd?y/? Colonies.
The Territories Tacomores and fguanfongo .^ otherwife call'd The
Qountrey of Juan de
Salinas^ are (aid both to extend above a. hundred Leagues in length, and
little lefs in
breadth. The Fields afford ftore of Pafturc for Cattel, the Plough'd
Lands produce
Wheat and all forts of wholfom Herbs j and in fome places are alfo rich
GoldMines. . , , . :, .}.5r'^ ^- r -'"' ^ . ^..,
The Governor I^jo/4 built four Towns here, Vi;^. i. Kalladolid j 2.
Loyola ; 3. San
J ago de ios Montan as 'j 3.nd ^,Caruma. -,'' ..\'"-'- The Jefuit Jcojla relates, That. not far from Carnma he found great
Stones, fome
of which were full of Golden Veins, but were hard to be cut from the
Rock. Moft
of the Gold is found in the Sand of feveral Rivers, the chiefeft whereof
flow through
Quito, New Granada, Vddma in Qnli\ and Carayaya in fern.
On the Point of 2/fo, the River San Jago-^AXs into the Southern Ocean ;
the
Ground in the Mouth of the River being very uneven, for oftentimes the
Ships are
. fall

Chap. IV.

<iJ M E%1CA.

f.ftag.^und at the Stern, and on Head they have above eiujuy Fathom
Water vet

nevcrthelels the Shoals are no ways dangerous. : " ''

Sooth.Weft from 5f.>_g<, lies the fpacious Inlet Atoi.o, and the
Promontory
hwfca known by its Banks and high Grounds, which (Lew red and white at I
oreat diitance.
p
Not far from hence, exadly under the E.^u\m^, appears Gp. M, flat and
low between which and Umhu, the great Rivers Us Quiximes fall into the Sea
Behind Tajfao rifes the high Mountain Quaciue ., and more Wefterlv the
Bay Carajm affords a lecureHarbor for all manner of Veffels. '
Nextyou come to the Town Tuen. F.ejo before rnention'd, lying behind the
liiand Laurenjo, ^
Five Leagues off at Sea. before Laurem^, lies the Ifland fUta, formerly
famous
for a <Peruy,an Temple, in which the Natives Sacrifis'd Sheep, and
fometimes Children, and pamted the Figures of divers Perfons with the Blood to
which they
alfo Offer'd Jewels, Gold, Silver, Wooll, Cotton Shirts, and Cloaks.
FranJo
P,^.r.<, arr.vmghere, got an invaluable Mafs of Treafure ; but at
prefent it ly,
ing delolate, affords nothing but Brambles and wild Trees. [ '
The next which come in view are the Havens Calh and Zalann, where there
are
fafe Harbors, good Wood and Water.
The Cape 6(St. Helena makes alfo a fecure Road on the North, and on its
Shore
hath a Spring, ofl the top of whofe Waters fwims a certain Gum, by the
Natives
call'd Co^c)i, exceeding good to make Ships tight.
The River Twrnfe^ falls into a large Bay, vfhich on its North-Eaft Point
near the
Main Land, hath the Ifland fuM, ten Leagues in circumference ; The Soyl
where
ofproducesabundanceof JW^, ]uca, and other good Roots, befides great
Woods
Full of fruitful Trees, and S.r/./,.7/., The Inhabitants of a brown
Complexion
ind middle Stature, wear Cotton Cloaks, and Chains of Chaqulra and
Precious
.tones : They drive a great Trade, and formerly maintain'd Wars with the
Peo.
pie mhabitmg upon the River Tmfe;^. their great want is frefl, Water in
the

.ummer. Thorns C'""lf Landing here ^nno 1 587. found a Ship hal'd
aftore. and
;hree Villages, in one of which ftood a Palace belonging to a Gy;^.,
furrounded
^ith Stone Galleries ; and near it a large Store.houfe full of Tar.pots
and Hemp
:o make Cables of : The Village confifted of two hundred Houfes, and a
fait
Dhurch with a Steeple, in which hung feveral Bells. The Caji^ue Married
to a Spa.
i# Woman being fled with the Villagers. CW,/; took many Oxen, fat Sheep
Pigeons and Ducks, the Bells, and what elfe was not convey'd aboard,with
himVand
ifterwards burnt the whole Town ; but whileft he was bufie in making
havock a
houfandS^Wi,andaconfiderablenumberof1'i,M, fell upon the En 'rlilh
on
uch a fudden, that they kill'd fome, and took others Prifoners. "^
Soinewhat firther off at Sea appears the Ifle Clara, where thofe of funa
formerly
juried their Dead. ^
The Inlet into which falls the River T,fc^, whofe Shores are well
inhabited,
nds Weftward at the Promontory Blanco , Southward from which lies the
Ifle Lo.
OS, where there are feveral Springs full of the fame Gum, or Smmen, a
little above
nention d.
Beyond the Point ^^ua lie the two Ifles Lobos Uannos, oppofite to a low
Coaft
S T w ''V' ^^"'" "^^"""'^ "^""^ ^"'' ^" '""'^ fH"bs, and deftitute
t treih Water ; but many Pelicans, Penguins, and other ftrange Birds.
The dilcovering of thefe Coafts belonging to the Jurifdiition of Qum,
deferves a
lort Relation :
Whiieft

mm

A\

'i'<

44-8
overcoming
K.um:t:anua j
takti Quito.

He comes to
an Agreement with
.ilvarado.

Piiarro and
his Army driven to great
Strai"hii.

AMERICA. Ciiap. IVWhileft 'Pf;<.^rro kept th^lngi AttahMa Prifoner, he fent Captain
iBeV^/c^;^^^ to
the new Fort St. Miguel, where eighty Horfeand a hundred Foot being
arrived from
(Panama and ISitcaratua, and he being informed that there lay a great
Treafure in
Quito and that the Canares, the Spaniards Friends, were exceedingly
opprefsM by ^u.
mmalm, Attabalihas General, immediately march'd thither with the new
arrived
Forc'is before mention d, to fetch the Booty, and to aiTift the Canares
but feveral
things oppos'd him in his Defign : for (Bsmmagua guarded the Way with
twelve
hundred Indians, diggM Pits in the fame, and filling them with (harp
Poles, covered
themflightly over with Canes and Earth 5 all which !Bm/c^;<,^r (hunning,
went
about, fell in upon the Rere of the Enemy, and after a fm all Refi
(lance conquer'd
the Ci'ty Quito. Mean while Ferdinand Cortefto fent Tetro Aharado from

New Spairiy
who taking Guatimala, received a Commiflion from the Spamjh Court,
tofubdue the
Northern parts of fern. Soon after which Garcias Bolgua being fent with
two
Ships to enquire concerning the State ol^Peru, brought News back, That
Francifco
q^i^arro had gotten an unvaluable Treafure at Caxamalca ; which fo
ftirr'd up^/v^.
rado, that he Landed five hundred Men at fuerto Vtep, march'd in great
want of
Provifions over the Mountains Jcabucos, and had he not accidentally
found a Pond
of fwect Water in a Thicket of Canes, both Men and Horfes had all
peridi'd ; at
laft upon his approaching Quito, the Governor thereof, being ^evalca^ar,
not enduring tofuffer an Equal, drew up alibis Men in Battel array but fome
Perfons in.
terc^eding between them, they were foon reconciled, and Aharado being
bolight
out with a great fum of Money ,deferted Quito where after Gonfaho
Ti^arro^h^d re.
main'd a confiderable time he march'd Eaftward of the Province, which
produces
abundance of Cinamon J whither he was accompanied by two hundred
Spaniards
and four thoufand feruVtans 5 againft whom the Natives dwelling on the
Borders
oUos Quixos fought very valiantly, till Night approaching,when they all
ran away ;
after which reftinga while, there arofe a mighty Tempeft of Thunder and
Lightning, accompanied with a dreadful Earthquake, which fwallow'd above five
hundred Houfes, whole Woods and Fields, whileft an unknown River burft out
of the
Earth, and o'verflow'd all the Countrey,infomuch that Ti:^arro expeded
nothing
but a fpeedyRuine, in regard no Provifions were to be found in all the
Countrey :
atlaft getting on the top of the neareft Mountain he loft many of his
Men, who
were frozen to death with exceflive Coldl From thence marching to the
County
Zumaque, he got plenty of Provifion and Cinamon, which grows on great
Trees in
the Woods J the Leaves thereof referable the Laurel ; the Fruit grows in
little Ber.
lies the Root and Bark have a ftrong odoriferous fmell. Thence
travelling to the
Town Coca.hc found a mighty CataraA of Water/alling from a Rock above
fifteen
hundred Ells high infomuch that the noife in calm Weather was heard
fix Leagues
off. (Pt^arro leaving his fick People in Zumaque, went onely with a few
Eaftward

from Coca to the Plain Countrey Guema, full of Moorifli Grounds, the
Inhabitants
whereof went naked : at laft he came to the great River Uaranon, which
falls from
the Mountains near Quito, and extends with feveral windings above eight
hundred
Leagues in length, and at the Mouth thereof is fifteen Leagues
broad,which at that
time overflowing all the Countrey, he judgM it convenient to build a
Brigantine,
making the Shoes of the dead Horfes fervc for Iron.work,his Mens Shirts
for Sails,
and a Gum, which was to be had there, for Tar, and having Lanch'd their
Veffel,
and put all their Baggage and fick People into the fame, they SailM
clofe along the
Shore, on which (pi^arro made his Way through Brambles and Canes, or
went over
in the Brigantine whenfoe're he efpy'd a better Path on the other fide ;
in which
manner they were gone two hundred Leagues down the River, with no other
Food
^ ^ ^ - bui

CKap. IV. A M E R I C J:
but wild Fruit and Roots ^ when Captain Francifcus OrelUna, was order'd
to Sail
away before with five Men, and feek out for Provifions, and at every
Stream
which fell crofs.ways out of the Countrcy into the great River^, he was
to leave a ''"'','"'.
Mann'd Boat : but OrelUna in few days drove down fo far with the fwift
River '^kp^.^Z
that he faw no likelihood of getting up again in a whole year, neither
could he ^'^"'^*
find any Provifions, but fought daily with the Indians, who came iloudy
to Board
him in little Boats : amongft whom he was inform'd alfo, that
thereabouts liv'd
the Ama:^on Women, that Warr'd continually againft their Neighbors j and
at lafl
he came into the Northern Ocean. But OrelUna Sailing to Spam, obtained a
Commiifiontobe Governor of the ^w^;^o^ Countrey, whither he ftcerM his
Courfe
With five hundred Men in three Ships 3 but Landing at the Canaries they
all ran away from him, which fo inctns^ OrelUna, that he foon after dyM with

Grief.
Mean while <Pi^arro inform'd by a Spaniard whom OrelUna had put afiiore,
that the
B igantine was by the ftrong Current carried into the Ocean, knew not
what to
doj his People fince fheir departure from Quito \\2i\m^ travelled above
four hundred Leagues, had eaten moft of their Horfes : Many dy'd by feeding on
unwhoU
lom Herbs ; others fell down dead for Hunger, or tir'd out with toilfom
Travel their Clothes, rotted by the Rain, hung upon them like Rags, their Shoes
were
worn out, their Feet full of Blifters, their Bodies fadly mangled with
Brambles and
Thorns, for no place afforded them a Boat, ft^arro leaving the River
Maranon, The miferawent another Way, no lefs troublefom for fteep Rocks and inacceifible
Mountains. 'onS.The Valleys through which they wcnt,began now to be ftrew'd with dead
and fick ""^'"'
Bodies, who were not able to foUour the Army, which march'd very faft,
every
one judging to befo much nearer his prefervation the farther he could
get : Thofe ~
that fainted calFd continually on their Friends fdr help, but the Horfes
were
grown too weak to carry them : Every one faw nothing but Death before
his
Eyes J wherefore, though caird by their deareft and moft intimate
Friends that lay
a dying,they never look'd back, their companion towards others bein^
turned into
fear and care of themfelves. The Forfaken implor'd their Saints, and
befought fi;<;,^rro for aid, but finding their Complaints to be in vain, and raging
through dc*
fpair, they wifli'd all the reft the fame fuccefs, arid the like
Friends, whenever they
fiiould be in the like Condition, (pi^arro extreamly grieved and
troubled, that he
had brought the People into this Mifery, fent a few Florfemen before to
^/Vo, to
carry the fad News of his deplorable Condition, that they might
immediately fend
Provifions to him ; which he receiving when he was within fifty Leagues
from the
faid City Quito, diftributed amongft thofe that were left alive, who
being alfo al- :
moft ftarvM, eat fo greedily, that feveral of them were chok'd ,- the
remainder were
kept a confiderable time in Garrifon under the Command of (pi^arro in
Quito.
Which City, built in a pleafant place, grew very populous in the Year 1
544. there
being feveral Gold.Mines found about the fame in that time. But this

lafted not
long, for Quito fiding with the Vice=Roy ^afco lS[unne^ VeU againft
Gonjabo Tt- ouko very
;<4rro, moft of the Citizens weredeftroy'd by him, and their Houfes
burnt to AOies. ty\^lT'^
The like Deftrudion, and upon the fame occafion, befel the three
Villages in ih'^^^fit
Province <Bracomoros, difcover'd by y4/2 'P^r;<e/ and Captain T^r^^r^,
together with ^'''*''^'""'''''the Countrey Qnchiapoios, where Jlphonfo Aharado built the Town Leyanto,
furrounded with deep Caverns, through which, to the great ftrengthning of
the' City,
flow feveral Rivers.
Round about (Puerto Vtejo the Natives dwelt in Trees, whom the Spaniards
had
much ado to bring under their fubjec1:ion; for their Countrey being
barren and
mountainous, was not onely wanting in Provifions to feed an Army,''but
the Pmi
Vians .

mamsmmmm

Hgtai

o a M E XI C J. Chap. IV.
-vtans alio threw great Scones out of their Huts built in Trees, and
like wife Javelins
and Pots full of boyling Water, with which they did much mifchief to
their Enemies that StornVd them, who at lad covering themfelves with Boards, cut
down the
Trees, with which they falling were torn in pieces by the Sp^?# Dogs.
S E C T. IV.
Lima.

Situation and
Defcription
of the Pfo"
vince of
Lim-r.

The fevenl
Valleys of
ihis Province

Imaj callM alfo Los %eyQS, hath on the Eaft, QolUo, and fome part of
Cw/co ]
on the North, Us Quixos ; and on the South, Charc^i^. The Countrey extendeth it felf in length upon the Coafts of the South Sea two hundred
and
fifty, fome ray,full three hundred Leagues in length, >/>:. itomCaj^e
del ^^kw Northward, on the Borders of ^tVo as far as Jreciuipa towards the South, and
runs Eaft
ward to ^yaftle and (/^'o dela falma
In this Province are feveral very pleafant Valleys, the firft whereof is
Motupe, to
which a Tandy Way leads from Sto Mtguel de Falverde, between barren
Wilds, from
whence feveral Screams falling are immediately drunk up by the Sand ;
wherefore
all Travellers that go that way carry Water and Wine with them in
Calahafhes for
twenty Leagues together, which they Walk or Ride by Night, becaufe of
the ex.
ceflive heat of the Sun.
In the Valley Motupe grow abundance of Trees, which receive nourifliment
from
a River that fprings up near the fame. Here is alfo much Cotton.
Not far from hence are the Valleys Xayanca, formerly very populous and
full of
Palaces: The River which flows through the middle is led in Trenches
amongft
the neighboring Fields.
The Valley Tuqueme is alfo very pleafant, and the decay 'd Palaces,
fufficiently
teftifie its former fplendor.
The next being Cinto, is no way inferior to Tuqueme j and between both
lie fandy
Hills and barren Rocks, on which grow neither Trees nor Herbs, nor is
any living
Creature to be found upon them : the Way through which being a whole
days
Journey, cannot be travelled without fure Guides.

The Valley Collique, watered by a River of the fame Denomination, and

very
thick fet with Trees, was formerly very populous, but fince the Spanijh
Wars it is
become quite defolate ^ for not onely a confiderable number of them were
flain by
the Sp^wi4rJi, but alfo many deftroyM themfelves, Wives and Children; of
which
(peter Martyr, Councellor to the Emperor Charles the Fifth, fets down
feveral terrible
Examples, of which two were remarkable above the reft ; the firft was
after this
manner : ,
twotg,c.i The Spanijh Captain Olandus Lying with the Daughter of an
India^i Cafique, que^''''''"* ftion'd when flie grew big with Child, Whether (he was with
Child by him ? and
that he might know the real truth by Torture, he causM her to be t/d
naked to a
ivoodden Spit, and laid to roaft againft a Fire made of green Wood, fo
that flie
died in a moil: miferable manner - upon which her Father ran in a rage
with
thirtyofhis Companions to 0/rf^/s Houfe, where he killM his whole
Family,
and locking all the Doors about the Houfe, fet fire on the fame, into
which
when it was at its greateft heighch, he and his Aflociatcs Ie;ipM into
ti. .middle
thereof. ^
The fecond Accident is alfo very terrible, Vt:^. An IndUri Maid being
Got with
Child by a Spamf? Afs-driver, acquainted her Father and Mother with it,
withal
celling:

Chap. IV. ^tl M E\^l C J. ^p

telling them that flie was ready to fufFer Death for her Offence j arid
notwithflanding they freely pardoning, and perfwading her to the contrary, fhe eat
raw Juca
which when boyl'd is a wholfom Food,but if eaten raw^certain though
languifliin J
Death ; which (he perceiving, ran to the next River, where after having
wrOiM her
felf, Oie broke off from a large Tree a Bough of five Foot long, and
making the
end thereof very fliarp, fell upon the fame, and fo killM her felf.
Several other Ra-

vifhM Maids taking example hereby, hang'd themfelves upon the Boughs of
the
fame Tree.
But to proceed in our De{;:ription, next to Co%e lies the Valley ^;m,
of the
like bigncfs, and famous for the City Mraflores,
The next is (pafcayamo, which exceeds all the former in fruitfulnefs/and
populoufnefs of Inhabitants, who before they were deftroy'd by the Ing^ were
much
fear'd by their Neighbors. This Valley alfo was adorn'd with feveral
fair Ternpies, which are now turnM into Cloyfters. Cattel, Hogs, and Goats breed
here
in very great numbers. The chief Trade of this Place confifts in Cotton
and
Linnen.
The Valley CW^w^, in which the Dominican Monks inhabit a brave Gloyfter,
produces abundance of Sugar. . :
Four Leagues fkrther lies the ipacious'Valley a/^wo, ' 4 callM fVom an
old <P^r.
Vian Heroe, which affords a pleafant Profpea, by reafon of the many
Banquettinghoufes built there by the /^^. Noplace in (peru is able to Hand in
competition
with this for plenty of Provifions, the Ocean and Rivers producing (lore
of Filli,
the Countrey affording Cattel and all manner of Fruit. The Cotto^'n
which grows
here is Shipp'd to the South Sea, ^
Chmca is a Valley chiefly confiderable for the Town Arnedo, which is
fltuate
therein^ of which more hereafter.
But the Valley Guanape, not far from C/mc^/ yields the bcft feruVtan
Liquor
Chlca, and hath a convenient Harbor for Ships.
The Plain Sanu being overflow'd in the Winter, is all oj^ergrown for
want of
Inhabitants, who were all deftroy'd by the Sfaniards. The Woods
hereabouts
fwarm w^ith a fort of venomous Bug, which exceedingly torments the
Traveller.
' Next follow in order the Valleys Guambaico, very fruitful, and
Guarncy, abound,
ing with Horfes, Hogs, and other Cattel. Joris Spilhergen l^m^in^htxt
Anno i6x^.s,mer,.n^,
found the Haven fecure againft all Winds, and between the Shore and the
Village '"^""^^
Guarmey a Creek, and fomewhat farther a frefli- Water Pool j on one fide

of which
flood a decay'd Caftle built of fquare Stone, whereon the j4//Wm fet the
StaUs
Flag, and Garrifon'd the fame to fecure thofe that fetched Water out of
the foremention 'd Pool. In the aforefaid Village flood a Church with a fpiry
Steeple 5
behina^which rofe high Mountains, and at the Foot thereof a great Wood,
into
whidhthe'Inhabitants fled with all their Goods, fo that Sfilbergen found
nJthing
but a little Meal, a few Hens, Hogs, and Oranges in their Houfes, which
whilefl
ic was fending Aboard, a fmall Body of Horfe appearM,but immediately
fled into
:he Woods. The Hollanders flaying here feven days, were informed, that
the Galley
kfu Maria, Commanded by the Admiral ^drlgoMndo:Ka,^ndtiicSanta.':Anna,hy
the
^ice.Admiral Teter Ahares Tl^er, were both lofl, not one Man Being fav
d.
Not far from thence lies the Valley farmon^a, which though it be
fruitful and
)leafant, yet it is quite defolate 5 the Walls of a large Caflle flill
appear, as tefiinonies of its being formerly inhabited ; and within the faid Walls alfo
are flill to
)e feen the Ruines of fpacious Halls and fair Chambers, whofe Walls are
painted
vhh wild Beafts and Birds; The Spaniards have digged all about, and
undermined
the

Attempt.

iSHaai

Mail

45-

ERICA.

Chap. IV.

Strange manner of Hunt-

A^jft Trealure fcund by

Feidinando

the fame, in hopes to find, together with thje feveral dc&d Bodies, a
Tieafurc buried. Two Leagues Southward from this Valley <Pamonga flows the River,
Guay.
man, by the Spaniards call'd (Z^io del Falcon, from a Hawk which was
feen there.
When any ftore of Rain falls here, a great part of the Dale banana lies
under
Water.
Not far from hence lie the Valleys Gaura and Uma ; which laft exceeds
all others
in bignefs, and was formerly exceeding populous; but fincc the Marquefs
ft^^arro
built the City Los <^yos here, the Citizens have taken the Lands from
the ^eruVtans.
The Mines hereaboutt produce Gold and Silver. Amongft other things the
Inhabitants highly efteem an Herb bearing yellow Flowers, which in a fliort
time cures
a putrifi'd Wound, whereas if laid on found Flefh it eats the fame to
the Bone.
The Natives heretofore usM to fpend their time in Hunting, and caught
their Game
after this manner, Vt:^. three or four thoufand of them would meet
together,
and by taking Hands make a Ring of three or four Miles in circumference,
and at a certain Note or Tune Sung, or loudly ExclaimM, they drew nearer
and
nearer, till at laft they were within Shot of the inclofed Game,
whatfocver it
were. i i i-rr l
'The Countrey of Co//^o hath a low Point, from which a long ClifFruns
into the

Sea, towards the fmall Ifland call'd Ijla de Collao : On each fide of
the Point the
Coaft runs fioaping in, the one fide extending North-Weft from Coflao,
to the Cliffs
<Pifcadores the other South.Eaft to the fecond Promontory ; behind
which is a
large Bay' where the Valley Tuchacama appears, famous for its exceeding
fruitfulnefs, and a ftately Temple built by the higas, where Ferdmando ri^arro
found above
nine' hundred thoufand 'Ducats, befides what the Soldiers and Commanders
took
and what the Priefts had hid, which none, though miferably tortur'd,
would
confefs. r> ir
Oppofite to fachacajna lies the Valley Chtka, where it never Rains, nor
any Brook
or Spring moiftens the dry Soil, which neverthelefs produces Mai;^ and
FruitTres. The Natives us'd to dig large and deep Pits, in which they Sow'd
and
planted

i^^wS .

Cliap, IV. ^ M E %^1 C A.

Planted,and at every Root laid the Head of a Fift call'd a S..i;.,which
they caught
anNetsoatheSea={hore; wherein neverthelefs nothing would have grown but
or the Morn.ng Dews wh.h fell The In,, alio had curious Ban,ue?tin;h'ouf
here. In hefe Parts there grows a fort of Tree cali'd Af./.,of which
^co/?. delates a
ftrange Wonder of Nature very remarkable, i,,^. That itflouriftes and
bears Fruit
on that fide wh.ch beholds the South, in that Seafon when it is Summer
on the
Mountains , the other which views the Sea, Bloflbming and bearing Fruit

when it
IS Slimmer on.the Plains. 5 wacnit
The Valley G...o,fpacious and full of Trees, produces efpecially the
pleafant
Fru.t G.^.vand G.v., as alfo the beft Wheat in ^eru , wherefore it
is vended all
over the Countrey. Here are alfo the Ruines of another ftately C.ftle.
built by
cTf ''^ i" Mre whereof is teftifi'd by its remaining Walls, which
confiftofexceed.ng great Stones, fo neatly joyn'd together without
Mortar, that
It appears l.ke one entire Stone j and by the decay 'd Struftures of
feveral Halls
much of the curious Painting whereof is yet to be feen ; from the Caftle
a large
parr of Sta.rs led down to the Sea-fhore. Two Leagues farther the River
LunaL
uns through te fertile Valley of the fame Denomination. The fatnefs o tl
Sod IS ch.efly afcnb d to the Dung of a Fowl call'd Guana, whichthe
Natives fetch
in great abundance from the Ifles near the Main.
Next follows the Valley Chinca, one of the biggeft in all Tu, and
before the %,
uards Arrival very populous. In th, time of the In^a. it alfo ftew'd a
magnificent
remple Dedicated to the Sun, built by Tefaj^Jufan^ue , yet the
Inhabitants ftill renam d conlTaat m the worfhipping of their old Idol Cinciapema. Hither
the In.as
ent their conquer'd Princes, who on a certain time were to appear in
Cufco. The
W.. at prefent poffefs here a neat Cloyfter, from whence leads a plain
Road
o the Dale / water d by the River P,>, which is dry in Summer,
wherefore the
Jatives brought a Ditch from the Mountains, which fince the SpaJards
deftroying
he Inhabitants, IS choakd up with Sand. ' ^
Next the Valley N./C. comes in view, famous for the Caftle to.m.^ where
fwrK.J^r T"", ^ A""'"" fo' War , befides feveral Tombs, out
f which the Span.ards took great Riches. This Valley is divided into
feveral others
.hich for the moft part produce Sugar-Canes , and through them all runs
the
.oyal High.way, which is Wall'd in on both fides.
Beyond N./c. lie one behind another the Valleys H.c.n, Oconna, Cabana,
and
Wc. all of them affording good Pafture for Cartel, and Fruit,
yetaremoftof
lem deiolate. ' ^ .
The County Lo. lAotilonos, thinly inhabited for want of Provifions, and

divided
y two Rivers, feparates Moyobamba from the Countrey Cbaralmd.
Southward beyond C^amakaz^^czr the Countreys Guamachmo, and a little
far,
>erCocico._and 'P,fcobamba, all fruitful and pleafant, and adorned
with feveral
crudtures buik by the Ingas,
On the fide of P,/coi.;j, the County G.r.^ extends it felf over barren
Mounims, through which the In^as cut a Royal High-way, and built a ftrong
Caftle
: the Entrance into the Countrey ; the Inhabitants whereof being very
laborious
ork very diligently in the Gold.Mines. & / , ,
The Territory ?., water'd byaRiver, and famous for one of the
ftatel.eft
the Wm Struaures, is furrounded by the Countreys
Guayalcas,Turama,mMba,
d Conchucos. The Mountains, though dangerous to Travellers by Lyons,
great
.ars, and other ravenous Beafts, afford abundance of Silver , and the
f,^itful Soil
oduces Wheat, Mai^, Grapes, Figs, Oranges, Quinces, Cittrons, Cedars ,
and
ewile feeds Goats, Horfes, and other Cattel. V v ' The

4B

aaHH

mmmmu^

4H

Chief Tvjwns
anJ Places of
note.

z.{ M E'KI C a: Chap. IV.

The Coimtrey Vmcos, being within the Jurifdiftion of G<co,lies
amongft the
Mountains Jnics, whether Ing. Man^o fled, when the S^auMs made
themfelves
Mafters of 'Pcrw. u i ' l
The Towns and Places moft obfervable and important m it belonging to the
Sp.u.rd<, are ,. Miraflores, as the Sfan.ards call it, a well feated and
wealthy Town
in the Valley of Zam, as above mention'd, five Leagues diftant from the
Sea.where
it hath likewife a good Haven or Port. , ^ ,u u frA
2 TruxMo two or three Leagues diftant from the Sea- the Haven whereof is
faid
to be larse but not fafe. The Town it felf is feated in the Valley
Chmco, upon the
Banks of a'pleafant River, whofe Water doth not onely run through
feveral Chatj.
pels to mo.ften the Fields, but alfo to accommodate every Honfe >" the
City : It
hath broad Streets, a great Market-place, four Cloyfters, two for
th^^om.mc.ns,
one for the J.mftmes, and the other for the Franafcans - one great
Church, five
hundred Houfes; and a Palace, inhabited by the King's CoUedors, and many
Banquettin-houfes about it. The good fituation and fruitfulnefs of the
Soil, mov d
the Marcuefs Franafco f^^arro to build this City here Jmo '533- bu^jhe
Haven belonging to the fame lies open to all manner of Winds, fo that the Ships
Ride here
, U MU, otherwife call'd Sa,m, fourteen Leagues beyond TruxtUo Southward wafh-d by the Southern Ocean, and one fide by a frefli-water
Stream,which
being inclos'd between ftony Cliffs, makes a fecure Harbor.
4. Jrnedo, feated ten Leagues Northward from Lima, amongft the V
ineyards of
the Valley Chancas- otherwife having no great matter in it remarkable,
but a fair
Dom'mkan Cloyfler. . . , , i . m t-i r-. , /
, . Lima, by the Spaniards commonly call'd La Cmdad de hs <^eyes,
otTkaty of
K,L, fo nam'd becaufe fi^ano, who built it. laid the firft Stone on
T.etfth-day,
IZ ,553- which they call Tfe Feafi rfthe King. : It is feated in the
Valley of L,^
(from whence the city is alfo fo denominated) one of the ftuitfuUeft

Parts of all
Tern, and fo neatly built, that all the chief Streets of the City open
upon a fair
Market-place, o.fla^^a, of fuch alarge Square, that upon the fides
thereof are
built, in a ftately and convenient manner, the Cathedral the Palace of
the Arch^
bifhop, the Vice-Roy's Palace and Courts of Juftice, with the Exchequer
or Publick Treafury the Town.houfe= or place where the City Magiftrates meet
and hold
their Courts the Publick Armory or Magazine, and a Free-School, wherein
are
tausht by the >M ^'H Arts and Sciences, and alfo the Ind-^an Language,
and divers
oth'e; fair Buildings of the Nobility and better fort of Citizens. No
Countrey un.
der the Heavens affords a more fruitful or pleafanter Place than this ,
the tempe.
rate Climate neither troubling the Inhabitants with exceffive Heats or
great
Colds.nor terrifying them with Thunder or Lightning.but having almoft
perpetual
Sun-lhine and fair Weather ; onely the three Winter Moneths, wherein
there falls
a fweet.fmclling Dew, which cures the Head-ache; and there die but very
few
ofpeftikntialDiftempers. The Countrey about the City is pleafant wuhout
exception. The Pigeons which are kept here in curious Houles built on
purpofe, fl.e
a thoufand in a Flight. The Fields abound alfo with Cattel. The Orchards
and
Gardens flourifli widr all forts of Trees and Plants, whereof thofe that
are brought
hither from S^.mgrow better than in their natural Countrey. The \X eft
fide of the
City is wafli'd by a pure & clear Stream,which ftores vhe Market with
great plenty
of good Fifh, it being diftant but a Mufquet Ihot, efpecially when the
Water rile..
This River is of great confequence, for it not onely waters the whole
Valley ol
Lima with its feveral Branches, but alfo runs under every Houfe in the
City, beirj
bull

Chap, iv: ^ M E%^1 c J. ^^j

built on Stone Arches ; they aie onely one Story high, beeaufe there is

no Wood to
be iiad in the Valley oi Lma but what in three years becomesall Woormeaten nevcrthelefs the Houles are very beautiful both within and without - the
Walls being
very thick and ftrong, have curious Arbors of green Boughs on the top in
which
the Owners fliade therafelves from the Sun. Moft of the Houfes built in
the hich
Streets have pleafant Turrets, which face the Market-place, where all
iorts of
Provillons ate brought to Sale, as Oxen, Sheep, Venifon, Sugar,
Oranges,Cittrons
Grapes, and Wheat, which is ground in Water-Mills built near the River.
This
City is inhabited by many able Merchants, which often load Ships to
fanma that
are yalu'd at above two hundred thoufand Ducats. To the Arch-birhop's
See of
this Place belongsthe Bifliopticks oi Qlnll, Chan as, Quito, Cufco,
TruxUh, Guamco,To.
faian, San Francifco, <PaHma, Nicaragua, and 3^0 de la <PUta. The City
is alfo adorn'd
with two fair Churches, befides the Cathedral, and alfo other leffer
Churches four
ftately Cloyftets, two Nunneries, ind the >/,j Palace, which is very
magnificent
The Haven two Leagues diftant from it, and call'd Callao de Lima, is
large and fe.
cure for Ships Mnoi^y^. Sir F. Me took twelve Ships from hence, one
Pn.e,.,ie
whereof was laden with Linnen and Silk, befides a great Cheft full of
Silver : r'.''iS,.
Which Inconvenience to prevent for the future, the Spaniards have built
two ftrong
Forts, and fortifi'd them with Brafs Guns. Thirty years after Sir
Francis Drake's
Bxploic Jons Sf Mermen coming to At,chothete, found the Place all
inhabited, a ^/"W--,
Fore well ftor'd with Guns, and a ftrong Caftle before the Mouth of the
Harbor K"tia
from whence they fiiot Bullets of thirty fix Pound weight at the
Hollanders, and fo
Ihatter d their Frigat, call'd The Hunter, that fiie could fcarce keep
above Water
Fourteen Spanijh Merchant-men lying near the Shore, receiv'd little
damage, Mterpen not being able for Shelves to get to them, neither did he judge
it convenient
to Land, the Vice-Roy having at that time above four thoufand Men in
Arms, be.
fides feveral Troops of Horfe , wherefore after having fir'd feverai
Guns on the
Fort, and againft the Church, he fet Sail to Gtf/-;?y.
6. Canme, otherwife call'd Guarco, from the Valley wherein it is fituate
: It was

built by the Sfamards out of the Treafure which they found in the Caftle
afore fpoken of m the fame Valley. '
7. ^4 We fituate in a Valley of the fame Name, where exceUent Fruit may
be
had for a fmall Price ; it is a well Traded and rich Town, about fixteen
Leagues
diltant from the Sea. &
8 Macama, fituate in a Territory of the fame Name, four Leagues South,
ward of L,,.,memorable chiefly for fi^arro's good fortune here,who is
reported to
W found in one onely old Temple of the Natives . the quantity of nine
hundred
thoufand Ducats of Gold and Silver, befides what his Soldiers are
fuppos'd to have
leiz d on, and convey 'd away before he came.
9. GaftroVerreina, threefcore Leagues diftant from Lima to the SouthEaft : It
lieth m the Valley of ao^fo.^ and is a rich Place, by reafon of the good
Mines of
bilver which are about it, and abundance of the beftfort of Tobacco.
^o.M^ueldela%ibera,mthtYz\kyoiC'^mana. The Inhabitants whereof drive
a great Trade in Wine, Figs, and Raifins.
n. The City Arequi^a, which extends up towards the Mountains, is built
in the
Dale Qu^ca which runs eleven Leagues from the Sea, under a healthful
Climate but in the Year .582. it was wholly ruin'd by an Earthquake ; the reafon
whereof
IS alcrib d to the wet fulphurous Mountains, which burns continually,
and fomenmes vomits out Flames and Allies. The Marquefs f.^^arro built this City
forty
lixyears beforethefore.mention'd Earthquake, fince which beinp re-built
acain,
y V z loon

,. nf I-

iHaa

i^B

mmaaik

I ^

^^ AMERICA. Chap. IV.

foon attain a to three hundred Houfes, beildes a Church and Cloyfter j
and though
it be but a fmall Town, yet it is of a great refovt, becaufe the Gold
and Silver is
brought hither from the Mines Qmicos, <Porco, T^nd fotofi, and from
thence fcnt
down the River Qutlca\\vh\ch wafhingthe City Walls runs into the'South
Sea to Los
%j05, and from thence to fanma, Hprnbre de Vios, and Ne^> Sj^ain. The
Jurifdidion
of this CiiyAnciulpa extends it felf a vaft way, Vi^, over the fpacious
Valleys be=
tween Bacm and ram^aca, and up in the Countrey beyond the County
Condejnyo,
full of Hamlets and Villages J the Inhabitants whereof heretofore
worfhipp'd the
Sun. By the Way from Arequipa to ColUo lie two great Lakes, out of one
of which
the River Jparima takes its original.
12. C^xamaka, rather a Fort than a Town, in a Territory of the fame
Denomi.
nation, built at the Foot of a Mountain wafli'd with two Rivulets, over
which lead
feveral^Bridges j near which alfo were formerly a (lately Temple
Confecratcd to
the Sun, wonderful Palaces and Baths for the Ingas, befidcs other
magnificent
StrucWs of Noble-men, which were the more famous for ^tt^^^/i/'^'s
Impriionment and Death. The Soil round about may compare with any part of the
World
for fertility. The Inhabitants are a peaceable ingenious People, and
make curious
woollen Hangings.
13. St. Juan dela Frontera, built hy tht Spaniards Korth-Eaftand by Eaft
from
Caxamalca in the County Chiachinpojas, full of Gold.Mines and Cattel ;
to which be-

longs not onely Chiachinpoyas, but alfo the Countreys Guiancas and
Cafcainga, out of
which above twenty thoufand feruyians pay Tribute to the SpamJhKin^,
Thefe
People efpecially the Women, are very comely and beautiful ; for which
reafon
the higas fetched their Wives and Concubines from thence. Eaft ward from
Frontera
rife the high Mountains Andes, behind which flows the great River
Mayohamba by
feveral poor Villages inhabited by a fottifli kind of People.
. 14. SanJagodelasVaUes, built in an ill place amongft the Shrubs and
overflowing Rivers. In this Countrey grows a Tree which bears a juicy Fruit,
not unlike an Almond in prickly Rinds, but refembling thofe which cover a
Chefnut,
concerning which Phyficians have delivered their Opinions, That there is
not a
wholfomer Fruit in the whole World.
15. Uon de Gmnuco, which received that Denomination from its Builder
Vacca de
Cajlro, who call'd it Leon, becaufe he was born in the Spanijh City
Leon, and Guanuco
from'theftately Palace ofthe/^^5 which was built here: The Houfes are
built
of Free-ftone, and cover'd with Thatch. The Citizens of Los %o^ were
much
againft the building of this Town, becaufe feveral Lands belonging to
them were
taken away and given to Guanuco, where the temperate Air grants long
Life and
Health to the Inhabitants. TheHigh-way, in which ftand leveral Storehouies,
formerly full of Ammunition, runs through the middle of this Countrey,
where
in the time of the Ingas dwelt Aftronomers, who by looking on the Stars
pretended
to tell future Events. Here the Women alfo us'd to beburnt alive with
their Hus- ,
bands.
Sect. V-

Cufco.

Situition and
Dcfcription
of CUJCQ.

\\i(co is the far greater part of the Province of Teru, containing

generally all
the Surra, or Hill' Countreys, and thofe parts of the Andes likewife
which lie
Southward of the little Province or Cantred o^ Guanuco, being Coafted
Weftward and to the North- Wefl: with Lima -, Eaftward, with Los Quixos,
and fome
part

V^

77^

to

I -f

fliiil

':if

457

i a terni)';, nor
'Plains
:ys and
', The

le, and

12 rV to ^"^^ fevera]
"' Valleys, and
UamiCO. ^^" Terrir
' tones bei which ^"'"8 ^o
I Collao.
j little
^l,and

\ with
|;The
) three
(lately
Janes ^
tluines
from
River
ths of
d y^W
nter it
Pucara,
d their
IS.
intient
ich AG
differ, feve-.
Plain*
which
''-u, A
atioHj
4ines^
Valor

hbors
mod

1,^1

annale Ri.

llars^
over

Tjj5ji:"a(j"<Ki-.."i'"'

l.Ai.

hm\

iKftHtv''^-"^'

i;i

Chap. IV. AMERICA, 457

part of Guiana j and on the South, with Qharcas ; enjoying Rjr the moH
part a temperate and good ilir, neither over-heated with the fcorching Sun in the
day, nor
damp'd with any cold Mifts or Dews in the Evening, as iome parts of the

Plains
of ^^rware, but well water'd with many ftedi Rivers, which make the
Valleys and
lower Grounds of it good Pafturage^ able to maintain great Herds of
Cattel. The
Woods are efpecially ftor'd with the Coc^, whofe Leaf is accounted
reftorative and
with much excellent Vcnifon.
In this Province alfo there are fome lefler Divifions of Countreys
neceffary to "^^^ ^'^"^"^
bedefcrib'd, vi;^. the cold and barren Countrey B.t;H^o^2- jutting 3
gaio ft Guantico other xem*-^ ' ' toties beinhabited antiently by a valiantPeople, efpecially near the Lake
Chincacocha, which '""ging to
is ten Leagues in circumference- in the middle of it are feveral Cliifs
and little
Ifles : And out of this Lake alio the famous River De la flata hath its
original and
runs through the Valley X3x^, receiving by the way the Streams ^aycos,
'Bilcas
Ahancajj Jpurimaj lucay^ and others.
The next Countreys in order towards the South are Tarana, abounding with
Wheat, and the eminent Valley Xauxa^ furrounded with fnowy Mountains,
The
Inhabitants by a general Name calTd Guancas, were antiently divided into
three
forts, V/;^. the Maracahilca^ Laxa^alanga^ and Xauxa, Here were alfo
feveral flately
Houfes built by the I/2g4f,
Upon this Valley borders the Village Jcos near a Moorifli place full of
Canes
but before you approach the Village you come near a high Plain, where
the Ruines
of an antient Strudure appear ; and fomcwhat farther the Palace Tko :
from
whence the Highway direds to the Bridge ^?2goj^c^;, which leads crofs
the River
Xauxa i near which the higas had feveral magnificent. Strudures, and
Baths of
warm Springs. Not far from hence is the Village ^icoy j between which
and Jn^
goyaca the Arm of the River Xauxa is cut with a Bridge, becaufe in the
Winter it
glides fo fwift that they cannot Ferry over it.
From ficoy you go to the Wild, in whofe Center Hands the antient
Caflle Tucara,
(which in the (Perwl^i^w Tongue fignifies InVmcille Fort) where the
ln<ras receiv'd their
Tribute from the neighboring People that live amongft the fnowy
Mountains.

The Banks of the great River Vinaque arecrown'd with the Ruines of
antient
Structures, which (as the Natives relate) were built by foreign People j
which Af
fertion of theirs feems to be confirmed by the form and manner of
BuildincTj differing from the Ingas Strudures, which us'd to be long and narrow. Moreover
feveral fweet Streams, abounding with Fifli, efpecially Crabs^ glide through
the Plain*
Countrey out of the Mountains Jndes,
Not far from hence appears the Plain a^|?^5, and the Palaces 'Pi/c/^^,
of which
now nothing remains but a heap of Rubbiili, which lies in the Center
o^feru, A
frefli- water River, which gives the fore.mention'd Palaces their
DenominatioOj
glides out ofSoraSj and wailies the High-way and {lately Temple of the
Sun.
The Countrey Soras, exceeding fertile, and ftock'd with Gold and Silver
Mines^
is inhabited by a People which go Cloth'd in woollen Cloth, and for
their Valor
formerly much efteem'd by the h^as,
Thofe that inhabit the Countrey Uramar are call'd C/;^?2C^i, whofe
Neighbors
polfefsa long Trad of Land abounding with Cattel and Fruit, but of late
arc mo(t
o them dcdvoy'd by thQ Spaniards > ^
The River Jhauca, which takes its original in the Mountainous County
'Tarijhtcoda, waflies feveral Royal Buildings, and at lad difcharges its Waters
into, the Ri
ver Xauxa,
On each fide of the great River Jpurima are erediedtwo wonderful Stone
Pillars,
V v ^ over

Otat

458

Feter Ar.znre^his jouiney.

Towns and
Places of
note.

^ M E %I C A

Chap. IV.

over which lies a moft artificial Bridge built by the Ingas . from
whence the High.
way, being cut through hard Rocks, leads up into the Countreyj where the
ftately
Buildings'^f Lim^t^wi^o {hew themfelves 5 and beyond the Mountain !
Bi/c^co^4 the
Valley Xaqmxaguana, inclos'd between high Rocks, comes in view, where
the In^as
us'd to recreate^themfelves in their Banquetting^hoiifes ^ from whence
the Highway, which is Wall'd in on both rides,runs direaly through deep Moorifh
Grounds
to Cufco.
Eaftward from Cufco, behind the Jndes, are many large Countreys, which
to difcover the 5p.m.r^^rpar'd neither trouble, danger, not charge : between
both they
found vaft Wilderneffes, inacceffible Mountains, and overgrown Countreys
j yet
at laft they opened four ways thither : the firft whereof runs through
the Valley
q>aquH to Tono, a Village in the middle of the Mountains ; from thence
to the River
Opota^i, along which it is very troublefom travelling, becaufe of the
thick Woods
and fteep Rocks : laftly to the hot and fruitful Valley Jhifca.md fo to
vaft WildernefTes, overgrown with Brambles and Bufhes, which prevented any farther
Difcovery. ^The fecond Way runs thirty Leagues farther to the Southward,
through the

Counncys Sandia, Camata md CaraVaya, to Zama. Through this Way, Anno

1538.
(peter An^^ure^ travelled ; fetting out from Zama, he found many
defolate Mountains,
barren Wilds.and clofeWoods^through which heentred into the County
Tacana.znd
from thence to the River Oma^alchas, inhabited on both fides by the
Cheriahones and
Marqmres, who opposM him iu his crofling over the River ; but meeting
with nothing but barren Commons, he travelled up along the River, and view'd
the Countreys Uoios, Cochahamha, and Chuguiaho, from whence he returned to
QoUao, having
loft moft of his People by Hunger and Hardftiip. But not long after
others went
over the Jndes to the Countreys which extend themfelves Eaft and Wtft,
fomc
whereof travelled through Camata, and others through Cochahamha,
The principal TownsandPlaces of Trade in it are, i. ^omhon, fituatc upon
the
Lake Chinchacocha, faid to be ten Leagues in compafs, begirt round about
almoft
with Hills, and having neighborhood with many other lefrer,but pleafant
Villages.
2. farcos, once a Palace Royal of the Ingas, feated on the top of a
little Hill, encompafsM with other Rocky and higher Mountains on all fides.
3. San Juan de Vntorla, which the Marquefs rt^arro built Anno 1 539. to
fecure the
Way between Lima and Cufco, from the Alfaults of the feruyians, before
he abfolutely conquer'd this Kingdom : the Walls are wafh'd by a fvceet Stream,
to the
great convenience of the Citizens.
4. Guamanga, a City lying in a pleafant Plain under a healthful Climate,
built
with Stone-houfes covered with Tyles ; the Owners whereof have great
ftore of
Land, which they Sowe with Wheat, and alfo breed plenty of Cattel. To
this
City, which is adorn d with three Churches, five Cloyfters, and a large
Almshoufe, above thirty thoufand femVians bring annual Tribute. The Mines
produce
Gold,' Silver, Copper, Iron, Lead, Sulphur, and Load-flones near which
grows
the poyfonous Herb Mio, which kills the Cattel that chance to eat
thereof. In the
Woods alfo hereabouts feeds a Beaft, whofe Pifs ftinks at a Miles
diftance. This
City is by fome deliver'd to be the fame with San Juan de la rittoria
above mcntion'd.

5. mcas, another Palace of the Ingas,no\^ a good Town of the Natives,

and fu
mate, as is fuppos'd, in the very midfl of the Countrey o^feru,
6. Guancavclica, a new Town, rais'd from the condition of a very poor
Village,
to a Place of very great Importance and Traffick, onely by the Mines of
Qjiickhl^
ver, which were firft difcover'd there in the Year 1566. hj Amador
Qahrera, throifgh
the affiftance of a (perman nam^d Ua-\>mcofa : This Cahrera felling his
Intereft for a
hundred

mr"-

Chap. IV. <tl M E%^I C A.

hnndred and fifty choufand ^<^^f/, SliM the Buyer, upon pretence that
he liad fold
it above one half under the value : whilefl this was depending, feter
Fenlinando de
Yalafco came from ^iexico to Guaman^a, to make trial of the cleaning of
Silver by
Quickfilver, and finding it to fucceed according to his expearation, he
fent great
quantities of it to Jrica, and from thence by Land to Totofu The King of
Spam is
faid to receive from this Mine of GtiancaVelica,a\l his Charges
defray'd,above a thpufand ? ound per Jnnum fox his ufiial fifth part : But theantient Natives
regarded not
thefc Mines fo much for the Quickfilver as for the Vermilion which is
found mix'd
with it, wherewith they delighted very much to paint their Bodies :
There is
great Art now usM in the feparating of the Quickfilver from the
Vermilion.
This Town was long fince inhabited by two thoufand Spaniards ^t lead,
and
twice as many Natives.
7- C^fco, which is the Metropolis of the Kingdom of Teru, built on a
hard
[Ground, furrounded with Mountains, under a cold, yet wholfom Climate
and

wafli'd by two Rivers, which on the Ead fide of C/co parting, one runs
dired
Weft^and the other Southward. One part of the City antiently bore the
Denomination of Haran-Cufco, and the fecond, Oren^Cufco, where the chief
Nobility and
moft antient Families dwelt. Concerning the original of this Place, the
Peruvians
fay. That feveral Ages pafi: there appear'd three Men, c^ilVd Jyrache,
Jranca, and
py'dm^w^o, and with them three Women, na,m' d Mamacola, Ma?nacona, and
MamaraWuay all of them very richly Cloth'd ; that Jjrache had a Precious Stone
at the end
lof a Truncheon, which by holding up he rais'd the Mountains to the
Skies, and
when he let it fall, levell'd them with the lowed Valleys : Jranca and
Jjarmango
concluded to build a dately City, and fent for People from remote
Countries to
iahabit it j with which Defign the Natives thereabouts feem'd to be well
pleas'd :
but before thpy went to work they judg'd it convenient to dc^xoy
Jyrache, whofe
great Power they envy'd : This being refi^lv'd Upon, they invited him to
a deep
narrow-mouth'd Cave, that there they might worfiiip the Sun his Father
(for fo
Defi:ended he took upon him to be), he was no fooner entred but the red
fhut the
Mouth of the Cave with great Stones, hoping fi) to darve him to death ;
which
Jyrache obferving, dood amaz'd a while, till at lad he threw oiFall the
Stones, and
flew with great and divers colour^ Wings up into the Air, crying aloud.
Fear not,
Aranca and A]%xm^x\^o, though you haVe defign nd to take away my Life,
hut build a City in
this place, and caUtt Cufco j/or in itfhalljland the Seat of the Ingas,
under l?hofeJurifdicii
on extending far and near, many great Rations jhall how. The Temple
ti^hich the Gods have there
defign d (lull not onely exceed all other Struciures in the World, in
Art and Coftlinej^,hut he famous
forftrange Offerings to the Sun. If the Citi:^e?is build Jltars
forme,hurn Myrrh.and make Ojfer^
ings to me, they may certamly expeH to Vanquijl? all their Enemies, and
increafe their Tower.
Jccording to my Example bore Holes through your Ears^ as a ftgn of
Obedience. AH which
Aranca, Jjarmango, and the fore-mention'd Women promised to perform.
Whereupon Ayrache gave them a rich Diadem wicha Taffcl, which was to be the
HeadOrnament of the fiicceeding Ingas which they had no fooner received,
but Jyrache
and Branca were turn'd into Stones^ yet retaining their former Oiapej

which Ajarmango ohCetving, feildraight, together with the three Women, upon
building the
City Cufco, After the Deluge breaking out of the Hole Ta?nbo,hc chang'd
his Name of
Ajarmango for Mangocapa, that is, Mghty Lord, and made himfelf, as they
fay, the fird
feruVtanKing, The City Cufco was divided into four Wards, the Ead
cAVdAndofayo,
the South Callafayo the North, Chinchafuyo, and the Wed Condcfayo, every
one one fo
call'd from the Countreys, to which the GatSs of the four Wards are
opposed.
If any one coming out of another Countrey, feded. himfelf in Qi/co.zs k
hapned
- ' daily.

The original
of the City

' ' I

1
siii

The antient
Palaces and
other llacely
Strudures an
Cufce.

The T.mp!e
Curicamhe.

o J M E 1^1 C A Chap. IV.

daily, he was permitted to dwell no where but in that Ward which fronted
his native Countrey. The four high Streets, which through thefe Wards one way
fall in^
to the Market-place, being in the middle of the City, are the other way
anfwerable to the four principal High^wiiys, V/;<,. that which leads to Quito

and Tap^
through Ch'mchafuyo- to Jrehuipa^ zhtou2,\i Condefuyo -^ to the
Mountains ^?/iej, through
Andefujo ; and to G/Zi, through Collafuyo. The two Rivers before
mention'd, which
part at the Eaft end of the City, are pafs'd over with divers Bridges.
The narrow
Streets are full of Stone Houfes, built in good Order. In feveral places
are
Vaulted Cellars under Ground, in fomc of which are buried great
Treafares :
they had been formerly the Habitations for Necromancers and Soothfayers
j for
this fort of People were once in great efteem amongft the Inhabitants,
who coming from Chili, ^a[to, 'Bocamores^ Topona, ^omhon^ Chmxas, Collao,
Chiachiapoias, ConchucQs, and other ?enma?i Countreys, receive great benefit from the
frefli Water,
and from the Corn-Mills built on the Streets through the City.
The {lately Palaces which the Peruvian Nobility have at feveral times
built in OrenCufcoj being one part of the City, are very wonderful, the Owners
whereof were
forcM by the Ingas to appear at Court at Set-times, that fo he might
prevent all Infurre<5tions : Alfohe caus'dthe Children of the prime Lords to be
brought up in
Cufcoj under pretence that they might learn the Cufcoan Tongue perfedly,
in which
the Ingas would always be fpokento; whenas their DcCign was to keep them
as
Hoflages in their own Jurifdiaions, that their Fathers might not rebel;
by which
means it hapned, that in moft places of *P^r, which amongft the feveral
Tribes and
Principalities had feveral Languages^ the Cufcoan Tongue was underftood
and fpoken. But the Spaniards, who are the prefent Poffefibrs thereof, have
alter'd and re*
paired moft of the ordinary Houfes, which are now neatly built of
Stone.Above all
the old Struaures, the Palace of the In^as, and the Temple of the Sun,
are the moft
magnificent j the Palace liesinclos'd within a fquare quadruple Wall,
each corner
whereof is adorn'd and ftrengthned with a Tower : The Palace it felf is
built
round, and with Arches ; but that which chiefly amazes the Beholder, is
to
fee how the Stones, which are fo big that forty Horfes are not able to
fth one of
them out of its place, were brought thither by the Labor of the Builders
from the
neighboring Mountains j (ov the feruVians never made ufe of any laboring
Beaft,

except their Sheep faces, not knowing the ufe of Horfes^ Camels, Oxen,
Elephants, or the like, before the Spaniards coming thither. The Halls
within the Pa^
lace were Wainfcoted with Golden Plates : yet the hi^as Apparel was not
anfwer*
able to the reft of his Pomp ; for in ftead of a Crown they bound their
Heads
about with a red woollen Safli, with which they almoft cover'd their
Eyes j at the
end of the Safli hung certain Ribbands, which they gave the Governor as
occafion offer'd, that by this Sign, as by a Commiffion, they might exercife
their Offices ;
the fight of which String caus'd fuch Obedience, that if the /?2^4 had
commanded
the Inhabitants of a Town or Countrey to murder themfelves, none durft
deny.
The In^a was generally carried by ahundred of his Noble-men, of whom if
any
one had accidentally chancM to ftumble, he was immediately put to death.
No
man durft prefume to look him in the Face, or fpeak to him without a
Prefent.
The Temple Curicanche, Dedicated to the Sun, w-s certainly the moft rich
and
fumptuous that ever the "World boafted, it being Governed by the Chief
Prieft
Vdlanoa. The Inga GuainacaVa fpent an invaluable Treafure in the
building of this
Struaure,for he cover'd the Roof and Walls with thick Plates of
maffieGold and
Silver. At his return home from tlie Conqueft of the Province of Quito,
from
whence the Inhabitants,according to an antient Cuftcm of the hi^as.wcvc
carried to
one

mpst::

Chap, IV. A M E%^I C A. ' ^^^

one of the remotefl Countreys in ^eru. But Guai?iacaya enamored of a
Quitoan
Maid, ftaid a coofiderable time in the City Quito^ and kept a fplendid
Wcddmo at
the Marriage of his Bride, who bare unto him the famous Jttahaliba, whom

he lov'd
beyond all his other Children, and a little before his death made him
King of
Quito. But Huajcar^kcr GuainacaVas Deceafe would not fuffer his Brother
to live in
the late conquered Kingdom of Quito, but gave him Battel in the Plain of
To;^, a cruel b^-:
hamba, which lafted three days and three Nights, and after much Blooddied, JttU'^ t^^ZZli
hdiba being defeated was taken Prifoner, and not long after making his
Efcape by
the help of an antient Woman (whilefta^/c^rs Commanders and Soldiers rejoyc^d with Cups full oi Qhka for their gotten Vidory) he made his
Subjeds in
Quito believe, that he being transform^ into a Serpent, crept through a
little Hole
outofthePrifon; and that he had a Promife from Heaven to obtain Conqueft
ovzt: Buafcary which being believ'd, ftirr'd up all his Subjeds to take
up Arms,
and vaiiandy to go and meet the Enemy, whom they not onely defeated, but
took Huafcar Prifoner.
Hufcar hdn^ dciktoy'd by JttahuUha, and JttahaBa hy ft:^arro, If ango
Inga thth
youngefl Brother took the Government upon him, made continual Sallies
upon
the Spaniards from inacceffiblc Mountaiqs, and at his Deceafe left the
remaininp^
part o^feru to his Son Zaires Topa j who feeing no good to be done by
force of ^-^'V^ Ae
Arms, fubmitted himfelf freely to the King of S^^m's Jurifdidion in the
Year 1557. ^f^^Z
fince which the Spaniards have been fole Mafters. Trt'^^''''^^
There are at this day four great Churches in Cufco : Alfo the mminicans,
Fran^
a/cans, Auguflines, and the Monks De la Merced, have each of them
ftately Cloyllers
here : but the Jefuits Structure exceeds all the other.
Above forty thoufand Peruvians pay annual Tribute to
Valley
about the City kcd abundance of Cattel ; alfo Wheat,
Herbs
grow here in great plenty. The Gold and Silver=Mines
refort which
they had formerly, moft of the Workmen being remov'd

this City. In the

and -all manner of
have not that
to ^otofi.

Concerning the Service which they performed in the fore-mention^d Temple

of the Sun, and their fuperftitious Opinions about their Idol (l;i, they
are much of
the fame ridiculous nature with what hath been already Difcours'd of in
other pla.
ces. Five Leagues Southwardly from Cufco lies the Valley Yucay
betweenhigh foowy
Mountains, under a temperate Climate and pleafaot SoiL Not far from
hence

the Ingas built a moft invincible Caftle on a Rock, which was furrouoded
with "^
many cliffy Walls one above another ; thefe Walls were alfo Carv'd with
Images
of Lyons, Tygers, and other wild Beafts, which held Lances in their Paws
5 the
top of the Rock wascrown'd with a Royal Strudure built of Stone, through
which ran Golden Veins, joyn'd together with a certain Gum, by fomc
call'd
Je^s-Lime. To the Province of Q>ndefuyo belong the valiant People
Chumhihalc^
and Ubtnas. In the County (pomatambo they make Carpets of fine WoolL
curiouflv
Painted. . ' ^
8, The City Francifco de Vktoria, which lies in the rough Valley
Ftkabamha, and
is mclos'd by the Mountains Jndes, belonging to the Jurifdidion of the
Province
Midefuyo.
9. The Village >/! d^l Oro, which is the chief Place of the Countrey
Caravaya,
and fo caird by the Spaniards from the fine Gold which is found there in
great abuo. '
dance. ^
Along the Sea-Coaft of (peru belonging to the Jurifdidion of Los %w, lie
the ^7-'.^''-.
following Havens, Ifles and Points. '"'"
, South-Eaft from the Promontory Jguya, rifes the file Sl ^o^ue out of
the South

in Peru,

>^ b>< si 1

^7

^A M E "KI C J. Chap. IV.

Sea, furrounded with Rocks, and abounds with Birds of prey through the
midft
of it runs a River which divides the Ifland.
The Haven Malabri^o^ ill defended againftthe Winds, cannot be entred by
great
Vefiels, onlefs in calm Weather,
Kext follow the Harbors Guanape and SantUj where the Ships us'd to
furniOi
themfelves with Water out of a frefii River j C^fuya and Gmrmay^ both
inhabited
by Peruvians.
Near the Mouth of the Road Guara ftandsa large Salt-pan, the Salt about
which
is found in great hard Pieces. The Ifland CoUao fecures the Haven before
Lima.
Behind Cape G^y<:o lies the Lohos ; and not far from hence the Harbor
SangaUan^
being fo commodious that the Spaniards confider'd a longtime whether
they (hould
build the City Los ^yos here.
The Promontory lS(afca affords alfo good flieltcr for Ships ; and the
Haven
Hrfc^ri yields ftore of Refrefliments. Moreover, the Streams Oconna^
Camana^ 2Lnd
Quilca difcharge their Waters into the Sea.
The Haven Jrequtpa appears at its Mouth like a little Pool, fur rounded
with
Mountains.
Between Quilca and the River Tamhoyalla lies the Ifle Null , and a
little more
Southward the Haven faracca and Tifca ; and up in the Countrey the
Village lea,
where the moil and beft ^eruVtnn Wine is to be had.

S E c T. VI.
Los Charcas.

Situation and
Defcription*
of Los Charcas.

Os Charcas is the fartheft Countrey Southward of the Kingdorh of

'P^/',reaching up as far as Chile^ with which on the South it is border'd, having
on
the North, Lima and Collao ; on the Weft, Mare del Zur ; and on the
Eaft,
fome Countreys not yet well difcover'd, which lie betwixt it and the
Province of
Paraguay y or De la flata. The Countrey is faid to be in length about a
hundred
and fifty Leagues, meafuringit directly, or in a right Line from North
to South ;
but meafuring it about along the Sea=Coaft, much about two hundred : It
is not
very rich cither in Corn or Cattel, although in fome parts it wanteth
not good Pafturagc ; but of unparalell'd Wealth, inrefped of the Mines of Gold and
Silver
which are heredigg'd, the principal whereof are thofe of (Poto/i and
^arco.
The Mountains hereabouts are inhabited by the QaVmas, who dwell in Stone
Houfes. Their Neighbors the Qanches are a fubtilc, good natur'd, and
painful People, breed many Sheep, fowe Corn, and catch plenty of Fifli out of the
Rivers.
Next comes in view the cold Countrey Conas. On the right fide towards
the Sou*
them Ocean, the great Wildernefs Tarinacocha extends it felf a vaft way
5 the Moun
tains round about are continually cover'd with Snow, and the Dales have
many
deep Moors.
Chief Towns and Places of note in this part oiferu are, i. flata^ other
wife
v\Kt% o7 caird Chuquifaca, from the Countrey whofe Metropolis it is,
fituate under a temperate Climate, in a fruitful Soil for the produdion of all manner of
Plants, and
efpecially Wheat, Barley, and Grapes. In this City the High Court of
Judicature
of Loj CWcdJ is kept, being a principal part of 'P^rw, and inhabited by
the richeft
Spaniards in the whole Kingdom, having gotten an incredible deal of
Treafure out
of the neighboring Silver^Mines, which from the time of the higasy or
Kings of
^eru^ to its Difcovery by the Spaniards^ 4ield out and continued fo
rjch, that 'tis
~ . ' thought

Principal
Towns and

note.

mt

iji;

' wff i

P O T O S

ft.

smpir

^J

id
2n
(Iie
id
pf
le
d

a
e
Y
^
1

The cccafion
of rhe firlc
Difcovery of
the Mines in

- ^^"^i^^ii^ff^ '

l?1J'*-*^_ '-

:,,

-%|-

Chap.lV* ' ^' M E%^ I C A, ' ^_^-.

thought Ti^ano, if Reafon could have rul'd him, might her^ onely have
rais'd Kim- '
Iclf aRent of two hundred thoufand Ducats p^r Annum but his defire and
hopes
firfttofind more at ^o^o//,and afterwards his ambition and greedinefs to

have and
command all,carried him to violent Courfes, which proved his Ruine, as
hath been
faid. The Town is conveniently feated in a fruitful Soil, honored with
the Refidcnce of the Governor of the Province, and wich a Bifliops See, faid to
be the
richeft of T^rw, vi;^. of fourfcore thoufand Ducats per Annum, The'
Cathedral and
divers Cloyfters give alfo a great luftre to the City. The antient
Inhabitants of
this Countrey, efpecially about thofe parts where now this City Hands,
were the
Chares and Cbaranques, both valiant People, who by Command of the In^as
fetched
invaluable Treafures out of the neighboring Mines of (Porco, where a
tho-ifand
Men were continually kept at work. In La flau were reckon^ long fince,
beildes
Spaniards, above fixty thoufand Peruvians which pay annual Tribute.
2. Oro^f/4,aplace of good Metal, as a man may perceive by the Name ; It
lietli
in the rich and pleafant Valley Cochobamha, twenty Leagues diftant from
La fhtu,
3. ^Gtofi, eighteen Leagues Weftward from La flata, by the Spaniards
call'd The
Imperial City, built at the Foot of a Mountain bearing the fame
Denomination, on a
barren Soil under a cold Climate, though but twenty one Degrees to the
Southward of the EminoBial Line : the Cold proceeds from the high Lands,
which lie
bare to the bleak and fliarp Winds called Tomohai;i, which blow every
year very
fiercely from May till September. But though the barren Countrey
produces no
Fruit, yet no place in Teru hath greater plenty of all Provifions and
Dainties than
this, the Markets being always full of Fruit, SaltMeat, Mai:^, (papas,
Wheat, Suaar,
Sweet^meats, and all things that are requifite for the fubfiilence of
Mankind'
which are brought thither from all parts for the Silver, which is there
in fuch
plenty. As to what concerns the famous Mountain fotofi in the Countrey
of
Charcas, it is of an Afli colour, and rifes above the adjacent Mountains
in the form
of a Sugar-Loaf; on thetopof itilandsaChappel, to which leads a craggy
Path,
w^hich with a little care may be rid up with a Horfe the heighth
thereof is a thou.
fand fix hundred and twenty four Rods, or a quarter of a League : at the
Foot
:hereof appears the Mine call'd Guaina Totofi, that is. The young

fotofi- near which

:he City <Potofi9cm^s, being two Leagues in circumference, and is
adorn'd with a
Church and Cloyftcrfor the Dominicans, and exceedingly reforted toby
Traders.
In the time when the Ingas Govern d <Peru, the Silver-Mines at (Borco
were very
Famous J but it was not till after the arrival of the Spaniards that
Silver was found
in Gw^iWfpofo/?, and by degrees the Silver Veins which lay hid in the
creat fotofi^
:he manner of which Difcovery was as folio weth :
A feruMan call'd Gualpa, who work'd in the Mines at forco, going a
Hunting, it The oc./io. i]
:hanc d that the Game ran up the Heep Mountain of fotofi, which
prevented his t^t^f^ I
puriuing of It any farther 5 but the Mountain being overgrown wich
Trees, he |"" '"
Tot hold from one Bough to another to help himfelf up, and at laft
takina hold of "*
:he Bramble calFd Qmnua, he puU'd the fame out of the Ground, and
finding it
leavy, lookM upon it, and efpy'd a great lump of Silvej: hanging at the
Root
)f It ; whereupon viewing the Hole, he difcover'd a rich Silver Vein .
of which
aking feme pieces home, and melting them, he found that it was the beft
SiU
|er that ever he had known. VA^herefore he privately got a greater
quantity and by
Icgrees grew extraordinary rich : but though he carried his Defign
neverVo clafe
^et he was at laft fufpeded, and efpecially by his Neighbor Guanca, born
in the
Galley Xauxa, who was the more j^lous of him, becaufe he fold greater
Bars of
liver than any were caft at forco j whereupon he refolv'd to fpe^k 10
iim, and
' , g;ce:incT

^\*^^

The Mine
Potcfi, when
dikover'd.

Four Silver
Veins, with
their feveral
Divisions.

A M E "Ki C A,

Chap. IV.

The Socttbo^
tiQS or Trenches, with the
manner of
Mining.

getting out the Secret, it came to this Agreement between thcm^, That
they fliould
both be Partners and (liare the Booty j Gualpa was to keep the Vein,
fincc call'd
7he %ich Fein, and Guanca was to have another, at preient nam'd Die^o
Centeno : but
they agreed not long 5 for Guanca finding much labor upon his Vein, by
reafon of
the hardnefs, and that he could get no fhare in what Gualpa got,
acquainted his
S^anijh Mader Vdaroel with it, who refted not till he had found out the
truth thereof j for which Vilaroel obtain'd (according to the Cuftom of Porco)
feveral Rods to
work for himfclf, onely paying the King one fifth part of what he got,
and To re^
main'd Owner of the Mine Gwfeo.
This Difcovery of the rich Mine ^otofi is faid to have hapned on the
twenty
fourth of Jprily Anno 1545. Soon after which they found the Silver Vein
DelEJianno^
which though it was very rich, was difficult to be digg'd, becaufe of
its hardnefs.
The firft Vein which Gual^a fcarchM ^fter flood upright from the bottom
of the
Mine, and contained above three hundred Foot in length, and thirteen in
breadth,
and continuing good for two hundred Foot in depth, after which the
Silver begins
to leiTen.

The ^eruyians relate, That the Ingas firft began to dig in Totojt, but
gave it over
becaufe the Workmen heard a terrible Voice, faying. Leave ojf do'mg what
you are
about 5 the Treasures li>hkh lie hid here, are reJerVdfor a People out
of foreign Countreys.
Thefe Mines produce yearly for the King's fifth part, forty thoufand
Pieces of
Silver, each valu'd at thirteen ^yalsy each %yal being four Shillings,
befides what
he is defrauded of, which is perhaps half as much more.
The Mines of "Pofo/i exceed all other, becaufe the Diggers never meet
with any
Water, notwithftanding they work above two hundred Fathom under Ground,
whereas the other Silver Mines fuffer great damage by the Water 5 which
was alfo
the reafon why the Sp^m'W^ left offdigging of Silver in (Porco, becaufe
they were
not onely forc'd to cut through hard Rocks, but ran greater danger, or
at leaft beftow'd extraordinary labor to get out the Water which broke in upon
them.
The four Silver Veins of 'Pofo^, Vi:^, The ''Sjch, CentenOy Del Eftanno,
and Mendteta,
lie on the Eaft-fideofthe Mountain, and extend North and South. The
great
Veins produce leffcr, not unlike the Body of a Tree, from which fhoot
forth feveral degrees of Boughs. Each Vein is divided into feveral parts,
poflefs'd by feveral
Owners 5 the leaft part is opcn'd four Rods, and the biggeft eighty
for none are
permitted by the Law to open a bigger Hole. In the time of the Jefuit
Je/eph de
Acofla, an Eye-witnefs, who Aniio i 587. went from ^eru to Spain^ the
^ch Vein was
reckon'd to contain eighty feven Mines, of which fome were digg'd two
hundred
Fathom deep. The Spaniards judge that at the Root of the ^ch Vein is an
incredible
Treafure, though Experience hath hitherto taught us, that the Silver
lelTens in price
and quantity the deeper they dig in the Ground.
For the more cafie working in the Mines, the Spaniards have digg'd
Trenches
(which they call Socahonos) at the Foot of the Mountain towards the
Weft, crofs
through the Mountain to the Mine, each of them being eight Foot broad
and a
Fathom deep, and lock'd up with Gates, through which the Silver is
carried out,
whereof the Owner of the Socabon receives a fifth part. The Socahon
which leads to

the ^ch Vein^was begun Anno 1556. and finifli'd in twenty nine years,
extends it
felf two hundred and fifty Rods in length. The Miners work by Candlelight
both Day and Night by turns j thofe that work in the Day, fleep in the
Night, and
thofe that work in the Night, fleep in the Day. The Oar, which is as
hard as a
Stone, is cut out with Pick-axes, beaten in pieces with an Iron Crow,
and carried
upon their Backs on Ladders made of Leather : Each Ladder hath three
Faftnings
about

v'flm''

iip

Chap. IV- AMERICA. 4.^5

about the thicknefs of a Cable, ftretch'd out by Sticks, fo that one
goes up on one
fide, whileft another comes down on the other. Each Ladder being ten
Fathom
long, is pitched upon its feveral Floor on which the Laborers reft
before they 20
up higher, for they make divers Floors according to the depth of the
Minci The
Laborers carry the Oar in Bags faftned before on their Breafts, and
falling back
over their Shoulders three and three together, the foremoft whereof ties
a lighted
Candle to hisThijmb, and thus they help themfelves with both Hands. It
is a
wonderful thing to confidcr, how th^^eruVians are able to fcramble up
and down
continually a hundred and fifty Fathom : But befidesmany other
Inconveniences^
the Mines often fall in, or at leaft great pieces, which bury all the
Diggers. The
Mines alfo,being exceflive cold,occafion to thofe that are notus'd to
them, a Vertigo
in the Head, and Vomiting. The Silver runs for the moft part between two
Rocks, as it were, in a long Channel, of which one fide is as hard as
Flint, and
the other much fofter, ThisSilver is of different value ; thcbeft, cAV<i

Qac'tlU or
Tacana, refembles Amber in colour j the worfer fort is blackifli, and
fijmetimes of
an Afh-colour. The pieces of Oar are carry'd on the Backs of the Sheep
Tacos to
the Mill, where being ground to Powder, they are put into Furnaces to
meh j of
which there were once above fix thoufand on the top o^Totofi -^ but
fincethe Quickdiver was found to cleanfe the fame, not a third part remains pure.
In former times the Mines at 'Porfo, two Leagues from the little Lzke
^ulagasy
produced thofe vaftTreafures gathered by the Ingas, which afterwards for
the moft
part fell into the S/^^w/^/fi/f Hands.
As concerning the Sea-Coaft o( Los Charcas. it liesas followeth :
Southerly S^"-*^*
_^ C7 J J Rivers, and
?'rom the KivcrTamhopalla puts forth a thrce^pointed Rock into the
Ocean, and ^^JcblrL
makes the Haven T^e Ilo, into which falls a frefli River. Next follow
the round
Hill Mono de los T>iabolos, and the Inlet before the Town Jrica, fecur'd
from all ex*
cept a Wefterly Wind, where the Silver that comes from fotoji is Shipp'd
for Lima,
Since tht Englijh Admiral Sir Francis Drake took three Barks out of this
Inlet it is
Fortifi'd with a Caftle, which is ftor'd with Brafs Guns.
Nine Leagues Southward the fijfa^u a (alls into the Ocean j and next you
come
tO the little Village Hicahic, fituate on a high and barren Trad of Land
as alfo
the Haven Jerrapaca, which by an Inland is made very fecure.
Not far from hence appears the Foot of P/^^, where the Coaft begins to
rife
very high j the Cape of T^jc^wrf, the Stream Lor^ov^, otherwifecall'd De
Lo^, whofe
Banks are inhabited by poor People j the River Montelo, the Promontory
Morro
MorenOj beyond whofe utmoft Point opens a Bay, fecur'd from all Winds by
an
Ifland. The Inhabitants here feed on raw Fifli.
Next the River Clam comes in view, which is taken for a Boundary between
^eru and Chili,
Eaftwatd up into the Countrey you come to Santa Qrui^^ built at the Foot
of a
Mountain in a Plain near a Brook, which milling forth from a Rock glides
through

the City to a Lake full of delicious Fifli. The Houfes of Scone, are
covered with
Palm-Tree Leaves j and befides the Church there is alfo a Cloyfter,
inhabited by
the Monks Dela Merced. In former times the feruvian Houfes were built of
Clay,
and were often deftroy'd by their Neighbors the Q?erip{anacs and
Titanes, who made
Feafts with as many as they took of them. The People about this Place
are meek
and poor fpirited, and fpeak befides four Languages, the Diagnkan
Tongue, common amongft all of them. Before the Arrival of the Spaniards they went
Cloth'd
in Oftritches Feathers, but fince taught to weave Cotton, they now make
their '
Apparel of the fame, and upon the account of Barter, drive a great Trade
in it:
' ^"^ , ' ^' Xx They

,!i;i';

^66 (^ M E "KI C A Chap. IV.

They Dye their Cotton with the boyl'd Roots and Leaves of a little Tree.
Eaftward beyond Santa Crui^ lies the Countrey Taicanos, eminent for the
great
Qalaba^ns which grow there, exceeding good to keep both wet and dry
Meats in.
The Countrey receives a viciflitude of exceflive Cold and intolerable
Heat the
hard Winters taking beginning in M^j, and continuing till the beginning
o[ ^mujl,
In the middle of our Summer a South-wind blows feven Weeks tot^ether
here tc
the great prejudice of all Plants, which are during that time often
wafh'd away b\
continual Rains. About Chrifrnas they Sowe, and gather in their
Harveilin March,
During the rainy Seafon the Ways cannot be travelled;, being all
overflowed by the
Rivers j neither doth the Talm-Wood, which is four days Journey in
length, permit
any accefs to the faid City Santa Crui;^, becaufe the conflux of Waters
makes it i
Moor all over J befides which, the Tygers Bears, and Serpents, make the
Wayj
dangerous, efpecially at that time.
Through this Countrey the Spanijh Captain Nufco ^e Cto^j travelled, when

h<
difcover'd the Taguamacis, a numerous People, which dwell along the
great Rivei
Delaflata,
The Countrey about Santa Crui:<i produces all manner of Fruit, but few
Trees
becaufe of the want of Rain ; but Corn, Mai:^, Wine, GranadtUa^,
Lumn<is, and Tu>
cu7nay, as alfo the Plant Hachalindi, in the Latme Tongue call'd
Mtrahtle feruamm
grow here in great abundance ; which laft fhoots up to the bignefs of a
prett)
large Body, full of Juice, and of a yellow ifh colour, out of which
fhoot knott)
Boughsj and about each Knot two Leaves refembling the Herb
ISIjghtfhade ; th(
Flowers which hang at the ends of the Boughs are long, and pleafant to
the Eye,
by reafon of their mixture of Purple, White, and Yellow, and alfo of a
fweet fmell.
It is a ftrange Secret in Nature, that this Flower opens at Midnight, if
any Light
come near the fame : The Root alfo is accounted an cfTeaual Medicine
againft the
Dropfie.
Sect. VIL

Collao.

Situation and
Defcription
of CtUat.

Cliief Towns
and Places of
note.

pUao lieth Southward of thofe Countries, which go under the general Name
of the Province of QjfcOy having on the Weft,L(w^ j on the South, Chare
as -^
but Eaftward, and to the North-Eaft, it is fiiut up by a Rido^e of Mountains, running in one Body or continued Trad from the Confines of
Co/Z^o, as far
as the City of Cnfco, where they divide. Jhe Countrey is generally
plain, commodioufly watered in all Parts with frefli Rivers, and confequently

affording rich Pafturage and good Herds of Cartel.

The chief Towns and Places of note arc, i . Chuquinga^ a great Town, and
held
to be naturally almoft impregnable, as being environed round about
either with
deep unfordable Waters, or with Mountains unpalfable^ and having one
onely
Cawfey leading to it, reported to be for two or three Leagues together
no broader
than to permit one fingle Perfon to march conveniently upon it.
2. The City ^ucara, which was formerly well inhabited, but at prefent
nothincr
remains of it, except the ruin'd Walls of great Houfes, and large Images
of Stone.
3. AyaVtrCj by the Spaniards call'd Las Sepulturas, being a Place
efpecially enobled
by the ftately Monuments of the feruVtan Nobility which were found
there.
4. Hatmcolla, the Metropolis or chief Town of this Province, feated upon
the
Banks of the River Carayaya^ whofe Streams are very much fam'd for Gold.
The

Iff6

W^"

^feiiriiTitJrf;'^'iia''''fsa-~jig|^^

~^~^im^vg^^a-<.\.

iT

'. ii

iiiMaKa

JUI

4^7

i The Lake T:
i ticaca.

J
I*
i
is
ll
ir

r\ The Plant
th

?f.

ch
ed
/Is
ICS
itfl
lif.
es.

.nd
the
>od
gch
'ce.

"^

i. J^

it

..i

Chap. W. <tA M E "R^I C A.

The River Carayaya, which glides from ihcjmks Eaflvvard to the City,
Juan del
Oro, produces much fine Gold, but not without the lols of many People,
which are
kiird by the unwholfom Air and Damps that arife here.
The Lake Tuicaca, which waflies the Countrey (^ollao on the North, the
Province The Lake n
o^Omafuy on the Eaft, Qhaquito on the Weft, and Chnquiaho on the South,
is one of'""'
the greateft Lakes of America, being eighty Leagues in circumference,
and in feve- ^
ral places as many Fathom deep j wherefore it is exceeding rough in
windy Wea^^
ther. Into this Lake teri great Rivers difcharge their Waters, which run
away
again through a narrow, but very deep Channel, in which the Stream runs
fo
t-ftrong, that no Boats are able to abide in it.
5. Qjmquita, a Colony of Spaniards upon the Banks of \titicaca, having
many
fmall Iflands in it of a good and fruitful Soil, abounding in Fifli and
variety of
Sca=Fowl J it is fupposM to be fourfcore Leagues diftant iikewifc from
the South
Sea, having onely one Efluary 01 Mouth, which is foracthina ftrait, but
of fuch a:
deep Water and violent Stream, that (as /^co/?^ teftifieth of it) it is
not poffibie to
build a Bridge of Stone or Timber over it j but the Natives in ftead
thereof have
laid a Bridge of Straw upon it, which ferves as well, Vi;^, fo many
great Bundles of
Straw, Sedge, or fuch like matter, well and furely made up and faftned
together,
as will reach from one fide or Bank of the Efluary to another 5 at which
like wife having made them fure, they caft fome good quantity of more Straw and Sed^e upon them, and have a Bridge very convenient, upon which they both
fecurely pafs
themfelves, and alfo drive Cattel, anddo other neceifary Bufinefs. The
Water is

neither bitter norbrackifli, yet is not drinkable becaufe of its

muddinefs. Several
Iflands that lie in the Lake ferv'd formerly for Store*houfes of the
chiefeft Goods,
which the People thereabouts living near the Highway would not truft in
their
Villages.
Here grows a certain Broom-Plant called Totara, good for many ufes, and
is alfo "^^^ ^^'''^
wholfom Food both for Man and Bead ; moreover, they cover their Houfes
with *"''''
the fame, burn it on their Hearths, and make Boats. I'he Uros^ a falvage
People,
made Floats of Totara, which they ty'd together, and built Villages on
the fame
which drove to and again, according as the Wind blew.
The Lake alfo breeds abundance of Fifh, and efpecially two forts, vt:^,
Suches^
which are very pleafing to the Palate, but unwholfom j and the ^o^as,
which
though lefs, and full of Bones, are a much better Food. There likewife
breed
plenty of Fowls about the fame, efpecially wild GecCc and Ducks.
When the feruVians intend to Entertain any Perfon,they go tocatchingof
Fowls
(by them call'd Chaco) after this manner : They make a Circle with the
Floats
nam'd 'Balfas, and Rowing clofe to one another, take up the inclosed
Fowl with
their Hands.
Moreover, the fore-mentionM Channel, through which the h^ktTitkaca dif.
charges its Water, ends in a little Lake call'd Juia^as, likewife full
of defolate Ides,
but hath no vifible place into which to empty its Water, therefore it
muft needs
according to the courfe of Nature, fall under Ground, where it commixes
with a
Stream whofe original is unknown, though it be feen to fall into the
South Sea.
The Town is a Place of exttaordinary Wealth and Trading, and fo
confiderable, that the Governor thereof is always nam'd by the King of %m
himfelf, and
his Place eftimated at fifty thoufand Ducats per Annum.
6. Ttaguanaco, at the Efluary, or Mouth of the Lake, memorable onely for
the
Ruines of certain great and ftupendious Buildings which antiently chave
flood
there, fome of the Stones whereof are faid to have been of thirty'^Foot
length

X X 2 apiece,

tt^mummmm

L I

^68 ^ M B "Kl C A. Qiap. IV.

apiece, fifteen Foot broad, and fix or feven Foot thick. There
werelikewife found
the Statues of certain Men excellently Carv'd and Wrought, of a
Gigantickftaturc
or bignefs, and likewife vefted in foreign and Pcrange Habits, not at
all us'd, nor
ever known to have been usM by the feruVims themfelves, or by any other
of the
^ Natives of ^we/'ic^. .
7. Kueftra Sennora de la fa^, or Our Lady ofTeace, otherwift call'd
^uehlo NueVo :
It is but a fmall Town, yet pleafantly feated upon the Banks of a River
in a fair and
fruitful Plain, full of Springs, Fruit-Trees, SaVanas, and Fields of
Mzi;^, having
Mountains on either fide : It lieth almoft in the middle of the Province
a^md^o,
fourteen Leagues diftant from C^fco, and as many from fotofi. The
Province Chuqmnaho it felf (which in the feruVian Tongue fignifies Inheritance of
Gold) hath many
rich GoldMines, good Salt-pits, and a temperate Climate, except from
the beginning of Decmkr till K^rc/?, in which time the continual Rains caufe
Feavcrs and
Agues. The Inhabitants being very poor People, us'd to go naked in the
Summer Seafon.
8. Co;?di;d^, two and twenty Leagues beyond Lo/Jo;<,t It is onely
inhabited by
Peruvians ; amongfl: whom an Image of the Virgin Mary, long fince ereded
there,
bath been ever in great veneration, efpecially by reafon of a Tradition
of a great
Miracle there perform'd : for the Spaniards Siifixm, That Johannes
Anachoreta going
a Journey of feveral Weeks from home, plac'd a lighted Candle before the

Image,
which during the time of his abfence did not at all diminifh.
EarfhqSke ^^ Accident which fell out in this Countrey is very
remarkable, vi;^. The
^tAngo^nga. Ground of an old Village call'd Angoanga, then inhabited by
eminent Kccromancers, began on a fudden to fwell, and the Earth to run like a broken
Wave two
Leagues, overwhelming the Houfes in Sand, and filling up a neighboring
Lake.
The like in Eight ycars before this terrible Ea^tk^uAc hcic, there
hapned in the County of
iflSr Hereford in England almoft the fame kind of prodigious Motion :
for not far from
the Town Ledhorough, arofe Marcely Hill to an exceeding heighth, and
moving along
bury'd all whate're it met with, after which manner it continu d for the
fpace of
three days, to the great terror of all that beheld it.
^, Qhilane ; 10, Ac os -, n. ^^^^df^^ and fome others, all of them good
Towns,
but not fo confiderable as iihofe other.
Roads and Conccming the Roads or High-ways,it may well be faid,That none
of the feycn
SeT/the Wonders of the World can compare with any one of them jueither
was the Way that
'"''"' Jpptm Claudtm made from ^me to 'Brmduftum, upon the repairing of
which the Emperors JuVm and Augujlus fpent great fums of Money, fit to ftand in
competition
with the Roads made by the Ingas in ^eru : for who cannot but admire at
the confideration of fo many Valleys fill'd with Mountains, the hardeft Rocks cut
afunder,
Moors damm'd up, great Stone Bridges laid over fwift gliding Streams,
and
through va'ft Wilderncffes a Way made of twenty Foot broad, inclos'd in
high
Walls%xtendingfrom2^ifotoa/7o, a thoufand Leagues, and at the end of
every
ten Leagues brave Houfes or Magazines, ftorM with Bowes, Arrows,
Halberds,
Axes, ctubs, Clothes, and Provifion for twenty or thirty thoufand Men.
Some
relate, that Guainacaya, when he returnM Vi^or from the conquered
Countrey
Qrnto, fuffer'd great Inconveniences on the pathlefs Mountains, and
thereupon
commanded his Subje^s to make the fore^mention'd Way, But it is more
probable,
that this Mafter-piece was not the work of one Inga, efpecially fince
befides the
Y^ay from Qnli to Quito there leads another through the Mountains over
the Plains
from Qufcoio (Imto, forty Foot broad, and five hundred Leagues long,
inclos'd

within two Walls,

The

\.ejios.

M
Ghap. IV. ^ M E % I C A.
,kI Hiot wi"" "^r t'V'";^'^"y '^^^ ^'"^ 2'P., much more concerning
r. _.
thefe H.gh-Ways, and ocher Bu.ld.ngs on them, made by Guainacaya. Thefe
QuJs I'.V^fr f 7^. r" ""^T ^ ^"'S^' ^"" ^^" *""" f Knots, which fer^ in """ '
ftead of Charafters to keep theit Chronicles; in which were employ 'd
the Oum.
amayos, who be.ng m the nature of our Secretaries, Regiftred all
Tranfaftions
performing the fame with the feveral Strings and Buttons, with which
they' "
gave Ob .gafons, D-fcharges and the like : but befides the Qu.^os they
alfo us'd
Rings full of httle Stones for the fame purpofe; and knew with JWW^.Seed
how to
call up an Account as well as the bed Arithmetician with Fiaures
^t'" Af """' f Time hung on the twelve Pillars Succan.a, ereded on a
Mountain beyond Cufco by the Inga Tachacum., that is, 7he <Ksgulator of the
lear, to fliew
the Courfe of the Sun, and according to that their appomtcd Feaft-days,
times of
Sowmg and Harveft : Their Year begins in tiecember
The Sfanljh Government in the Kingdom of 9eru is fetled at prefent in
great r^ pr.
tranqu.hty ^'nd fplendor. The Vice.Roy, who keeps a fplendid Court in La
"S""
otherwifecalldL<.,%o., Commands over a,// and rr. aM, and never comel
v~?abroad w.thouc a Guard of forty Halberdeers : when he travels bv Land he
is accompanied by the Arch-bilhop, and guarded by his forty Halberd;ers, a
hundred
Pike-men, and fifty Mufquetteers. His Reign is generally not above fix
or eighc

years during which time he receives forty thoufand Ducats pe, Annum out
of fhe
King s Exchequer.
The City Lo. %,5 hath been of late years very much enlaro'd and brought
to a ^'^ P'<fe
moft flounlhing Condition, being exceeding populous, and extending
fourcSol.
M^esm length and half as much in breadth.- In the biggeft Market-placets
the-"""'
Ci^ Hall and the Exchange where all things are brought robe fold. Sf the
other
fomhfclll'dV/r.'/r'^"'^ Denominations from S.. ^.. and 5. J.coi ., the
Ire foW t e e TCTlrr'u- ""A'Z'' "''"'"^ *">' ^"'' Affes, and Horfes
a e fold there. The chief Church is Confecrated to St. John the
Evangelift. the
ft s I 'r/" J' 't''fi''^''r' ^""'^ '^'"^ ^"""/-" -h^''- '- Cloy!
fters , the Vom,mcans, Au^ujl.nes, and Monks Se la Merced, each of them
two befides
twocoftlyStruauresforthe>/.V. Other Orders hav^ alfo five Cloyftl her
V<^. the Creat,on Concept.on, the Holy Trinity, St. Jojeph, and St.
Clara . thi three firft'
have each of them a Church built hard by the feveral Cloyfters,
Dedicated to tLe
Santas Vtrgmes del Montferratto, Del Trado, and . Lorn.,. Each Cloyfter
conuini
above two hun red and fifty either Monks or Nuns. Here are alfo four
large Hlf
p. als the chiefeft whereof call'd Andrias, hath feldom lefs than four
hundred Sick
which -e kept andcur'd on Charity. The fecond is for 1>eruV,ans onely,
call'd ^
Hofpua of St. Anna. The third, built in honor of the Apoftle St. feter s
^r poor
o C ergy.men The fourth, nam'd The Houfe of U.e , i's for fick Wol
Befide
thefe there ftands another Strudure near the Walls of the City,
Confecrat d to I
^u, wherethofe t at have the Leprofie are cur'd. The Houfe call'd The hL
fix hundr d wh U r ' ''"' '" '^' ^""^'^g^ f ^'- ^'"'' ^efide above
1.x hundred, which are brought up in all manner of Arts and Sciences.
Twohuntlo^ LIiver wh !h 1^ ^^u 't"^'"^'' ^'''^"''' ^"^ '^' Court of InquifiWfinceitcarl^ " '^' ^"^ ^'""""^ '" -"'d-g fwifc, that not
long fince it carried away a new Stone Bridge with nine great Arches.
The I>onn.an Monks were the firft that Landed on ?>L, the firft which
came
^^ ^ thither

IT"-

I! I

mm

Miracles reported lo
have been
done by Kt
mirez.

,1 I'

'MWH i:

lb
^^0 A M E "B^I C A. Chap. IV.
thither with Francifco ^i^^arro htino^ Fine ent de Valle Verde, who was
foUow'd by
Sancio Marttno, Martmo de EfquiVekj Vom'mico de SanHo Thoma, Tedro UUoa,
Jlplwifo de
Montenegro, Q{eynaldo fedya:^a, SLnd mzny others, who were ftirr'd up by
the report
of the TeruVian Riches j amongft whom were four Francifcans, viz. Tedro
Tortu^nefe,
Jodocodelos Angelos, De Li Crui:^, and De Sant Jnna, who were foon after
followed
by twelve Monks of the Augtifi'me Order. ^?mo 1552. Landed alfo at
Los^eyos^
Colonel Andreas Sala^^ar, accompanied with Anmito Lo^ano, Juan de Sancio
Tetro, Hie^
ronymo Meknde^, Didaco Talam'mo, Tedro de Efpeda, Jndreas Ortega^ Juan
CatitOj Juan
Qhamorro, Francifco de Treyas, Juan %amire^, and ^altha:^ar Melgarego.
Sala^ar foon
afcer his Arrival fent the Prieft Juan %amire:<i, and 'Balthazar
Melgamgo to Guamachuco,
where he Baptized and Inftruaed the Inhabitants in great numbers.
Afterwards

travelling to Moyahamha, he got a great efteem amongft thofe Idolaters,

and (as it
goes for currant amongft them) 'wrought many Miracles, amongft which
this is
reported for one : He being informed by an old Peruvian, that his
Daughter nam'd
Cnri had hid feveral Idols ; enquiring after it, he tax'd her with what
her Father
had told him 5 which (he denying, and being rebuk'd by <B^amtre^, is
faid to have
become immediately dumb, to have foam'd at the Mouth, at laft falling
down
dead like a fecond Saphira in the prefence of many, which caused many to
forfake
their Idolatry. But the Necromancers endeavor'd by all means poflible to
raife a
difefteem on %amire:^, and with the afliftance of their Maftet the
Devil, fo wrought
their InchaotmentSj that the Tygers came in great Herds out of the
Wildernefles
to Moyahamha, and devoured not onely Men, Women and Children in the
HighwayS;, but alfo tore them out of their Houfes, yet did not the leaft
hurt to any Spa*
mW J whereupon (?if2W2^>f;< valiantly went with a Company of his
Profelytes to a
Herd' of Tygers, which when he approached held the Crofs to them, which
it
feems fo affrighted the DeviUTygcrs, that they climb'd up the Trees.
They
farther relate (if you will believe them) to make the Miracle the
greater, That
%amire:^c^\Vd to the Multitude, faying, Go and revenge the Deaths of
your deVou/d Barents, Children and Relations ; whereupon he throwing a Stone, and all
the reft following his Example, the Tygers leap'd out of the Trees, ftood ftill, and
fuffer'd
themfelves to be kill'd like Lambs. Six years after the fore-mentionM
twelve Au^
rrufiine Monks followed eleven others, who fet Sail out of the Spamfl?
Ua,YcnSt. Lucar,
tnd arriving at Teru went to the Village Tauca, where they broke the
Image of the
Goddefs Buarella, being as it were the Peruvian Venm, or Patronefs of
amorous Delights, reported to have given Refponfes from the Wood in which (he was
wor~ (hipp'd. They alfo deftroy'd the Idol Chanca in the Countrey
Conchucos, which being worfiiipp'd by the Indians in the fhape of a Man, had yearly a fair
Maid, aged
fourteen years, given to him in Marriage, a folemn Wedding being kept,
and feveral Sheep kiird. >
Tke Miracle /jhe Augufline Monks ate believ'd to have wrought alfo
another Miracle in the

tn^noS'!' Province Conchucos, upon this occafion : A Conjurer call'd

Chamnango, boafted himfelfto beGo^, denyM our SaVtour, in teftimony whereof he gave out that
he would
kick a Mountain to pieces, with his Foot ., which Report fpreading all
over the
Countrey,all the adjacent People flock'd to fee this ftrange Wonder on
an appointed
Day, on which CWi?w^w^o being, it feems, as good as his word, and
kicking the
Mountain, caus'd it to rent from the top to the bottom, and the pieces
to flie all
about the People, who were exceedingly amaz'd ; but the Sorcerer upon
the Augn^
fllne Monk's rebukinghim was (as they affirm) immediately eaten up with
Worms.
Many other Stories of Miracles go currant amongft them, as of Uarco
Garcia and
Vtdaco Orte:^ driving the Devil from a white Stone which hung over a
Fountain
" . ' in

Chap. V. AMERICA,
in O^iquipalpa, and feveral others, but ic would be very impertinent to
dwell too
long upon Difcourfes of this nature, efpecially Unce we are not obliged
to make
them a part of our Creed
To conclude our Defcription of this famous Kingdom offetu^ the People
thereof at the Spaniards firft Arrival viewing their Shipping, their Guns,
and other
Accoutrements, unknown to them before,had them in great admiration^as
Men de.
fcended from Heaven ; but when they began to be opprefs'd by their
Tyranny and
to be torturM by them, they looked upon them as the Spawn of Hell, and
cursM the
Sea that had brought To wicked a People to them.

C H A P.
Chile

Oilowing the Coaft o Mare del Zur, or the South Sea, the next great
Province situioSin4

pertaming formerly to the Kingdom of feru, is that of Chtle. This is the

^^r^'
moft Southerly Province of the whole Countrey of Jmerka, reaching up as
far as the Magellane Straights, with which to the Southward it is
bounded ,. Northward It hath a Defart, and an undifcover'd Gountrey lying betwixt J^ and
the Confines of 'P^r, cMd Jtacama; on the Weft it h^th Marc d^l ^ur ^^ and on
the Eafl,
up to (^0 de la (Plata, the Jtlantick, or North Sea, wir^ ^"ome
Countreys undifcovcr'd'
which interpofe betwixt it and Paraguay to ^Ae North=Eaft : It lieth all
of it bel
yond the Tropick o Capricorn, in a temperate ^oe, and extendeth
itfelfin length
from th^ Rr^rrlprc of (Ppr^, rn fhe Mnnrh of the Straights Rye hundred
Leagues or
more but the breadth of it neither equal nor certain : They fay 'tis
callM Chile
from the word Chil, which fignifies Cold it feems in their Language as
well as ours
It being generally a cold and bleak Countrey, the Air in many parts of
it fo ex'
treamly fiiarp and piercing, that both Horfe and Rider fometimes in
travelling are
ffozen to death, as the Spaniards found by experience in their firft
Search and Difco=
very of the Countrey, under the Condud: o^m^o Almagro, who is faid to
have left
the greatcft part of his Men dead behind him ; But this is chiefly
towards the Jndes
and on the Sea-Coaft,the more Inland parts of it,though mountainous alfo
in foijie
parts, yet are more temperate, and being alfo well waterM with Rivers,
are much
more fruitfuU than the other, affording both Wheat and Mai^, and
likewife other
Gram, excellent Pafturage in many places, and great ftore of Gattel,
Wine Honey
andnot without many and rich Mines both of Gold and Silver. '
The Natives of this Countrey were found to be the moll llout and warlike
of
all the Jmencans thu the Spaniards had hitherto met withal, fightina
with them
and oftentimes defeating them in the open Field, furprizmg and facking
their
Towns, and laft of all taking their Captain and Commander in Chief
Prifoner

This was Tedro ^aldiVta, one of thofe good Men that confented to the
death of Ana.
^./.K the kft King of^.r., after a greater Ranfom accepted and paid,
then per
haps the king of 5^,./. could wellraife on afudden, if he had occafion
to ufe it for
himielh ThtArucans (for fo are the People called that had him Prifoner)
are faid ^^^--'Z'^/to have Entertain d him for a while with great Jollity and Feafting, but
for his laft Sonata
Draught gavehima Cup of melted Gold, which the poor Man was forc'd to
take ^^^
down, and fo died a cruel, though coftly Death,

cans.

le

^^ffl

472^

AMERICA. Chap. V.
The whole Province generally is divided firft into Chile ^ fpecially fo
called, and
fecondly Magellanic a ^ ox that part which lieth more Southward down to
the Straights

of Magellan.

Sect. II.

Chile, properly fo called.

The Bounces
of Chile fpecially fo
caJl'd.

ilUi

Hile, fpecially fo called, is border'd Northward with the Defart and

barren
Countrey of Acatama above mentioned j on the South, with Magellanica ;
on the Weft, with Mare del Zur j Eaftward, and to the North=Eaft, with
fome parts o[ Paraguay ^ or rather with fome undifcover'd Countrey s
lying betwixt
them both : The length of it from North to South is reckoned to belittle
lefs than
three hundred Leagues, and generally of a fruitful Soil, affording
belides abundance of Gold and Silver, both Corn, Cartel, Vineyards, and divers forts
of Fruits,
equal both for kind and plenty to Spain it felf, and fundry other parts
of Europe,
The Air likewife temperate, and the People in their Manners and
Conditions come
much nearer to the Civility, and likewife fubtilty of the Europeans,
than other
Americans did ; which doubtlefs may be attributed to the conformity of
the Climates
under which they lie, agreeable to thofe of Europe j though otherwife in
refped of
the Sphere and Seafons of the Year, there be a diametrical difference
betwixt us .
As for b^tsLtTiple, their Spring beginning in September, which is our
Autumn^ and their
Autumn in March, vtliich is our Spring j their longeft Day being that of
St. Lucy, on
the eleventh of Decemherj vV,ich is our fiiorteft j and their fhortcft
being St. ^ania-bos, l'i<. the eleventh of June, wv.;r,h is our longeft, ^c.
piT^s' of . '^^^ Towns of chiefeft note and importance in this Province,
are i. Gopiapo, an
Importance. q\^ Town in the moft Northerly parts of this Province
towards the Sea, where ic
hath a very commodious Haven belonging to it.
2. La Serena, siTown fituate on the Banks oCoquimbo, a plcafant River a
little
above its Influx into the Sea, built by iB^/im^ in the Year 1544. the
Countrey
about very rich in Mines of Gold, and the Town it felf fo well
Garrifon'd for fear
of the Natives, that when the Englijh under Sir FrancU Drake, about
fourfcorc years

fince, attempted the gaining of the Place, they found hot Service of it,
being
ftoutly refiftcd and beaten back again to their Ships, by a Sally of no
lefs than
three hundred good Horfe and two hundred Foot.
* 3. St. Jago, the principal Town of the Province, a Bifliop's See, and
the ordinary Refidence of the Governor, lying on the Banks of the River
Tapocalma, in the
thirty fourth Degree of Southern Latitude, fifteen Leagues diftant from
the South
Sea, at which it hath a very commodious and much frequented Haven, which
they
call Valparayfo, and where the EngUf^ met with better fortune, as hath
been faid already in the report of Sir Francis Drake's Voyage.
4. La (Conception, a ftrong Town, feated on the Bay call'd fenco, fixty
or feventy
Leagues diftant from St. Jago towards the South, a Place not a little
fortifi'd both
by Nature and Art, having the Bay and a certain Ridge of high Mountains
begirting italmoft round about j and where it is otherwife acceffible, a
Caftle, and certain Bulwarks with Ordnance, befides a Garrifon of five hundred Soldiers
at leaft
continually in it,and all little enough to defend it againft
the/^r^c^?/ei, their deadly
Enemies^ who live thereabouts, and are ever and anon making Incurfions
almoft
up to the Walls of it. Over againft this Place in Mare del Zur, but very
near the
Shore, there lieth a certain Ifland call'd St, Maries, exceeding
plentiful in Swine
and

tA M E't^I C A.

of Poultray, whicl, the Garrifon oi La Co.ceptm make cood ufe of

./? a Frontecr Town, builc by the aforef.d 2.W,>Cfor de"n ceof
esofGoldat^go/,aPlacenearadjoyning. or deKnce ot
W., another ftrong Garrifon of this Place on the Banks of the River
to wh.ch that great Battel was fought, where SalMa, wid di e
s, were taken Pnfoners, who were no otherwife overcome ' "^"'"^
.ied w.h kiil.ng of their Ee.res, and By thrrnT;ot";Jjf
;jrZ ^ Htrrxiei" ''-' '--' '-- ^-^-^ ^':

. fo nam'd from the Commander TeJro S.W.vi., who bnilt it in the

adaHan^uen, two^or three Leagues diftant from the Sea, where it hath a
.acousPort, but nearer to it che beft Mines of <fo .^ hat tis
.Wed S./.,.. every day fo long as he could en,oy th^m, ttltrfive
a Town lying in the Bay of CInlue i a barren Soil^but otherwife nei, nor lefs populous than <Saldivia it felf. eelaftmention'd Towns, vi^. ^aUivia, Mferiale, zndOforno, were i
'l^t^' rt''^;/"^P"^'''^y^'>=^~. and other' SalvaVes
mth them fackd and burnt; and though the 5^.;..rf, be faid to hrv"
1 Garrifon d fome of them with frefl, Soldiers, yet how long they wele
;\h:BTy?fcSf ^"'"''''^ whole Province, built on a cert'ain
wc t ,^e po'L?' r " f"^' ^ "'^ ''''*^' f"y Leagues diftant ffom

4-7 J

^.^

Sect. III.
Magellanica.
Slovfr'r^'7r'' '^ '^'' ^'"'^"^^' ^^ ^^"^^^^ Northward with -^^-''le abovefaid, and fome parts of the Countr^v '"n. / ^/ . , ' ^^^"^p"^"
th the narrow ^.. ..U>I nr n ^''^^'^^"""ey i), h (plata ; on thcSouth, [^'^i'"^,
n the Eaft tne ^^to;cA Ocean. It contains in length from rC^ 1
s d, make this part of the Countrey to be the Spire or top thereof \
folmL :"^f "' * ^"^"^^^^^ -'- firll dLv -d'h
fo famoufly known by the Name of M.g^Uan. Straight. It is a lari
nd fuppos d not to be altogether barren of Met^lf K. ^
very hath bcpn r.j f , Metls ,. but as yet no
ought o be fl,>l/' ^T^ u^ ^'"- of the exceffive Cold to
ze it K. ^"r?'^' '''^ partly perhaps by reafon of the difficulty of
ze, u being fo far remote, and very hardiy pafTable in many places by
^huge Mountains te^J., which barit'as'it were again/af A 'cn-hxefly by reafon of the fioutnefs and untameablenel^^f the Ar.nc...
and

47^

AMERICA.
The whole Province generally is divicledi fitft into Chile ^ fpecially f
fecondly Ma^ellanica, or that part which lieth more Southward down tc

of Magellan.

Sect. II.

The Bounc^
of Chile fpe
cially fo
call'd.

Towns and
Places of

1
i
1

Chile 5 properly fo calld.

CHile, fpecially fo call'd, is border'd Northward with the Defar
Countrey of Acatama above mention'd ; on the South, with
on the Weft, with Mare del Zur j Eaftward, and to the Nortl
fome parts oi Paraguay ^ or rather with fome undifcover'd Countrey s
1) ,
them both : The length of it from North to South is reckonM to be li
three hundred Leagues, and generally of a fruitful Soil, affording b
dance of Gold and Silver, both Corn, Cattel, Vineyards, and divers fo:

equal both for kind and plenty to S^ain it felf, and fundry other pai
The Air likewife temperate, and the People in their Manners and Cone
much nearer to the Civility, and likewife fubtilty of the Europeans,
Americans did ; which doubtlefs maybe attributed to the conformity of t
under which they lie, agreeable to thofe o^ Europe j though otherwife
the Sphere and Seafons of the Year, there be a diametrical difference
As for bA&mple, their Spring beginning in September ^ which is our Autun
Autumn in Marcij, v.tiich is our Spring ; their longeft Day being that
of
the eleventh of December, vr^ch is our fliorteft ; and their fliorteft
bcir
ha^y >i;<. the eleventh of June, wV.;r,h is our longeft, e^c.
The Towns of chiefeft note and importance in this Province, are i.
Importance, q^ Towtt in the moft Northerly parts of this Province
towards the S
hath a very commodious Haven belonging to it.
2. La 5emi4, aTown fituate on the Banks oCoquimbo, a plcafant R
above its Influx into the Sea, built by 'BaldiVta in the Year 1 544. th>
about very rich in Mines of Gold, and theTownitfelf fo well Garrifc
of the Natives, that when the Englijh under Sir Vrancu Drake, about fou
fince, attempted the gaining of the Place, they found hot Service c
ftoutly refiflcd and beaten back again to their Ships, by a Sally of i
three hundred good Horfe and two hundred Foot.
' 3. St. Jago, the principal Town of the Province, a Bifliop's See, ai
nary Refidence of the Governor, lying on the Banks of the River Tapod
thirty fourth Degreeof Southern Latitude, fifteen Leagues diftant fror
Sea, at which it hath a very commodious and much frequented Haven,
call Valparayfo, and where the EngUpj met with better fortune, as hath b
ready in the report of Sir Francis Drake's Voyage.
4. La Conception, a ftrong Town, feated on the Bay called fenco, fixty
Leagues diflant from St. J ago towards the South, a Place not a little
fc
by Nature and Art, having the Bay and a certain Ridge of high Mount
ing it almoft round about j and where it is otherwife acceffible, a Caft
tain Bulwarks with Ordnance, befides a Garrifon of five hundred Sold
continually in it,and all little enough to defend it againft the Arauca?
ies,
Enemies^ who live thereabouts, and are ever and anon making Incurfi
up to the Walls of it. Over againft this Place in Mare del Zur, but v
Shore, there lieth a certain Ifland call'd St. Maries, exceeding plcntil

sfc

Chap. V. M M E '^I C J.
and all forts of Poiiltrey. which the GarnTnn r.f r. /the rich M.nes of Gold at An^ol, a PlLe near adjoyntg "' ^" '''^^"" ^

d. L. 7m^m.fe, another ftrong Garrifon of this Place on the Banks of th.

R '
Qamen, near to which that great Battel was fought where lv , . "
othe,Sold.ers. were taken Prifoners, who were notheTw Lt tot'e T uT
fiar;fr::t:^::td f:;:;^ ^t ttxtl: ''^' ^^"^' ^^-^ ^-^-^ '8 S^Av,. fo nam'd from the Commander <PedroSaW,U, who bnilt it in the
Valley of Gu.daUan.uen, two or three Leagues diftant from th^ Sea, wher
IZC.
good and capacious Port ., but nearer to it the bell Minesof ?.. fo "ch
h.^ V=
.KerieS. LTL^^r ri^^Sr '- '-''- -^"-^^ "-theYears.jp^ i6p9, and 1 604, furpriz'd by the ^., and other
Salvage!
I ! \ u u "^" ? ^"""^ ^ ''"='"
wele
abl to hold therr,,or whether they
ca wTy
10. C^/ro, the moft Southerly Town
Ifland within the Bay of Chilue. '

"'"^ f'*^ Soldiers, yet how longthev

be Mafters of them at thi's day, we
of the whole Prm,;n., V ,,"""''^y-.
''"'^' " " "'"'"

a^y S tho Zt.^:ZV^' f r f -^^ f "'^ ^"^^^ f"y Leagues diftant ffom

47 J

! I

Sec t. hi.
Magellanica.
M^^e/Wc^, the other part of this Province is bonn^P^ VT l
r/,;/. oknvpA,-^ /r J^Auvincc, is bounded Northward, with ^""^^'"^^d
t/?i/eabovelaid, and iome parts of the ConnfrPxr'^- i r^i . *"
Defcnpnon
with the narrow Sea call'd Mlr^f^I/r I T '.T '''' '"'^' -"""
Weft, and on the Eaft the .^.W/c^ oS I f^^^^ f -^ -;'>= '
oiCUk to the Mouth of the Str.^Us, a hundred Lealue, an"f ^'";f ^/-^^"^
Korth to the South Sea, fomewfat ^ore, vi^ttr^ l^d reto [hWeft
fnruch ;hX;t fefeir t^s^ht "'^'^ ^^ 'r^ '" --^-^ --'

ramid reversed, m'ake this plTt t Co n "/e^bf th^^^^^^^^^ to the form of

a Py.
beareth the Name from F^W J.,:^:"^ iCt^^^
=e5r:n^ f:p7sitro\t^V^r\"^-^-^^
great Dif overy haTLeeJ Ll f "^"^r" u""" ^ ^"^'^ ^ """^ - Y" "
which 'tis thlu Jhc Ibe Tb-V^ /' "^T^ ^7 "''"" ^ ^''^ ^-^'^'^^ Cold to
the Enterprize it beinl f^^ ' ' ^""^ ^"'''P^ ^^ '"'"" "^ '^^ '''ffilO' of
i-ucerpnze. It bemglo far remote, and very hardlvn;.(raKl^,v 1 .
reafon of the huge Mountains the ^,X wh.Vh IT- ^ '">' places, by
turers - but chi^fl^ K r '^e^"*^, which bar it as it were againft all
Adven.uicibj Due chielly by reafon of the ftoumfH; anri .,- li r r ,
11 tiic uoutneis and untameablenefs of the Jraucanes
and

' f'

474-

J M E^I C /f.

Chap. V.

il

and other Katives of Chile, through whofe Countrey the March lieth, and
v^ho

inuil firft be conquer'd, fo that very little can be faid more of this
Countrey, than
SeaPort onely to name the Ports and Places upon the Sea-Coafts, at which
the Spaniardsy
a^n'fsua.S and Hkcwife fome other Nations at feveral times have touched,
the chief whereof
upon the South Sea are, i. Caho de Us Iflas, a Promontory or Foreland,
twenty fix
Leagues diftant from that of St. Felix on the Confines of Chile.
2. fuertode Sa?iStephano, fifty Leagues from that, towards the South.
3. La VilU de Nueftra Sennora, or Our Ladies Vale, a large and fecure
Bay, eighteen
Leagues Southward of 5t. 5f^p/^e?2j.
4. La fmitaVeo^lada j 5. fuerto de los <Sjyos ; and 6. JncoylaSin
Salida, all of them
opening towards the Straights. There is alfo at the opening of the
Straights, Caho
de la Vtttoria, Caho Vejfeado, and fome others.
Upon the North Sea, and up towards (?^'o de la flata, the chief Places
obfervable,
are u (I(io de la Crux, and the Cape which they call De las %amer(^y
about thirty
Leagues diftant from the Straights Mouth,
2. The Bay of St. Julian, forty Leagues Northward of the former.
3. ElfuertoDejfeado'^ ^. Tuerto de los Leo?ies -^ 5. The Bay of ^wegd^^,
all of them
good and capacious Havens for the fecurity of Shipping upon thefe
Coafts, and
lying at a diftance of thirty or forty Leagues one from another, up
towards (2((o de
la flatay and the Countrey of Paraguay, of which we are next to fpeak.
Defcripdon As for the Straights themfelves,fo much fpoken of,and like
wife fo ncceflary to be
/I's'trligitt known by thofe who frequent thefe parts of the World, they
are a narrow Sea or
Frith, by which the Atlantick Ocean, or rather fome parts of it, doth
fall into JMarc
del Zur, or the South Sea : the Paffage is long, running, as 'tis
commonly fuppos'd,
well nigh a hundred Leagues together, almoft in a paralel Line, or in
the fame
Degree of Latitude from one end to the other 5 and likewife extreamly
difficult by
reafon of the many windings and luruiugi jf the 5c*i, vvhich fuicc them
to be ever
and anon altering of their Courfe, and a mountainous high Countrey on
both fides
ofit, from whence it is almoft continually beaten with Storms, both

dangerous
and terrible : They werefirftdifcoverM by Ferdinand Magellan, by Nation
a fortw
gmfe, but in the Service of the King of Spain, and by him nam'd
Magellaiis Straights;
who although himfelf liv'd not to return into S^mn^ being flain in the
Conqueft of
the Molucca Iflands, yet his Companions did, in the Ship call'd
Vittoria,kom whence
the Cape De la V'lttoria abovefaid took its Name. The Mouth or Entrance
of
them, by the Atlantick Ocean, lies in fifty two Degrees of Southern
Latitude,
and hath not above fifty three and fome Minutes at the Exit, or opening
into the
South Seao
uestraichts There is likewife fincc this, and but of late times, VtZj
about the Year kSij. another Sfm^k difcovcr'd by the Dfc/?, and call'd from the Difcoverer Fmm
M/i/W,
or Ihe Straights of le Maire, four or five Degrees more to the Southward
than thofe
o^ Magellan, and fuppos'd to be a much eafier and fafer Paffage.
The Intention by the difcovery of thefe Straights, was to have found a
fhorter
Way to the EaftJndies, and the Kingdoms of Cathay and China, than that
which was
then onely us'd, Vi;^. by the Cape de ^uenaSperan^a, and the Coaft o^
Africky but by
reafon of the great difficulty, as 'tis to be fuppos'd, and uncertainty
of the Pafiage,
neither the one nor the other is much frequented, the Spaniards for the
moft
partfervingthemfclvesof their ^meric^n Ports upon the South Sea, from
whence
they make their Voyages and Returns to and from the other Jwfc,and from
thence
home to Spam and the Ejigltp, with other Nations of Europe, Trading
ftill by the
Coaft of ^r/dand Cape of Good Hope, ox elfc by the way of Alexandria and
the ?erfian
Gulf, as heretofore. ^^J^^*
4w"

oi Le Maiie.

^ Al E'B^t C J.

47 >"

mSV ^n'i ^-oi &^ ;Ac iTik A >r*^ '* 'f'y

^^^^mmmmmmmmmmmmmmm&&

CHAP. VI.

Paraguay, or Rio de la Plata.

a have feen inMa^dlanica the fartheft, that is, the moft Southerly part
of the He^ World and before it in order all the Weftem Coafts of '
^n.. that he either upon or towards ManJelZur, v,^. from ?.Province of this Southern part down as far as the StraMts. We are
and take a view of the Eaftern Coafts, and thofe Countreys which
danuckOctzn, fleering our Courfe henceforth Northward, not di^^e Coaft leads us for a while Eaftward and by North, forafniuch as
mmca, from the Straights of Magellan up as far as ^rafde, and almoft
-, runneth out with a long Point, little lefs than three thoufand
ovince we mm with on this fide next to Magellanica, is the
Countrey .,...
ftentimes calld <^o de la flata, from the Name of an huge River, ^f?^,.
h for the moft part through the midft of it : It is border^!, as we
K^*''"
uth and towards the Straights with Magellanica on the Eaft, with the
1 ; more Northward, or to the North-Eaft, it hath Srafle . and on
undifcover d Countreys of the Province of Chile, of which we have
trey on both fides the River is reported to- be a very lufty and
caring befides thofe which are proper and native, all forts of &ropean

un m great abundance, with Sugar-Canes, both large and good, as

vmce of the Ne. World. Nor is it excell'd by any other for good
ultiply d fohere that of thirty Mares, and about Gx or feven Stal.eSpamards left there, in forty years the whole Countrey thereabouts
W A f. a' ??"'" ^''"^ '" S^"^ Companies together.
Woods and Forrefts of the Countrey, and being of excellent Met.
.f they could be tam'd. It affordeth likewife great ftore of wild Deer
le Lyons Tygers, i7-c. nor is it without good Mines, fomebothof
:r ; but chiefly, as to what is yet difcover'd, of Brafs, and Iron, and
getherlalvage. '
Dela flata which ("as we faid before) divides this Countrey, is one t.f the whole World, rifing, as 'tis fuppos'd, out of the Lake call'd ''"'
, three liundred Leagues or more within Land, and falling into the
I, or North Sea, in thirty four Degrees of Southern Latitude, with
louth of thirty, or two and thirty Leagues over.
Countrey is ufually fubdivided into three inferior Provinces, which
rUta properly fo call'd. 2. Tucuman. 3. La Crux de Sierra.

iver De
Plata.

'>'k;

Sect.

I irtrtfj

47+

J M E^I C Jf.

Chap.

Sea- Port
To\Tns,l(ies,
ana Suaighti

De(cription
of the Magel
Ian Straights

Til e Straights
of Le Mdhe.

and Other Katives of Chile, through whofe Countrey the March lieth, ar
muft firft be conquer'd, fo that very little can be faid more of this
Coun'
onely to name the Ports and Places upon the Sea-Coafts, at which t'
and likewife fome other Nations at feveral times have touched, the cl:
upon the South Sea are, i. Caho de las I/las, a Promontory or Foreland
Leagues diftant from that of St, Felix on the Confines of Chile.
a . fuerto de Sa7i Stephano, fifty Leagues from that, towards the South
3. La Vilk de Hueflra Sennora, or Our Ladies Vale, a large and fecure F
Leagues Southward of 5r. 5te/3/;ex.
4. LafuntaDeolada-^ ^ . ^Puerto de los <S^yos -, and 6. JncorlaSin Salid
opening towards the Straights. There is alfo at the opening of the S
de la Vittoria, Caho Vejfeado, and fome others.
Upon the North Sea, and up towards ^^o de la flata, the chief Plact
are i,(I(todela Crux, and the Cape which they call De las %amer(^,
Leagues diftant from the Sfrdi^ki Mouth.
2. The Bay of St. "Julian, forty Leagues Northward of the former
3. ElfuertoVejfeado'^ ^. fuerto de los Leones -^ 5. The Bay of ^wegd^^
good and capacious Havens for the fecurity of Shipping upon thef{
lying at a diftance of thirty or forty Leagues one from another, up t
la flataj and the Countrey of Paraguay, of which we are next to fpeak.
As for the Straights themfelveSjfo much fpoken of,and likewife fo n
\ known by thofe who frequent thefe parts of the World, they are a n,
Frith, by which the Atlantick Ocean, or rather fome parts of it, doth f
del Zur, or the South Sea : the Paffage is long, running, as 'tis commo
well nigh a hundred Leagues together, almoft in a paralel Line,

Degree of Latitude from one end to the other ; and likewife extreaml
reafon of the many windings and iuriiiug:> ufulic 3cd, which fuicc chi
and anon altering of their Courfe, and a mountainous high Countrey
ofit, from whence it is almoft continually beaten with Storms, be
and terrible : They werefirftdifcoverM by Ferdinand Magellan, by Ns
gmfe, but in the Service of the King of Sj^ain, and by him nam'd Magel
who although himfelf liv'd not to return into S^mn^ being flain in th^
the Molucca Iflands, yet his Companions did, in the Ship call'd Vittoria
the Cape De la V'ntoria abovefaid took its Name. The Mouth oi
them, by the Atlantick Ocean, lies in fifty two Degrees of South
and hath not above fifty three and forac Minutes at the Exit, or op
South Sea.
There is likewife fincc this, and but
ther Straight difcovcr'dby the Dutch,
or Ihe Straights of le Maire, four or
o^Magellan, and fuppos'd to be a much

of late times, VtZj about the Y.

and call'd from the Difcoverei
five Degrees more to the South w;
eafier and faferPaflage.

The Intention by the difcovery of thefe Straights, was to have foi

Way to the EaftJndies, and the Kingdoms of Cathay and China, than tl
then onely us'd, Vt;^. by the Cape de ^uenaSperan^, and the Coaft of
reafon of the great difficulty, as 'tis to be fuppos'd, and uncertainty
<
neither the one nor the other is much frequented, the Spamardt
part ferving themfelves of their American Ports upon the South Sea,
they make their Voyages and Returns to and from the other Indies,3.r\
home to Spam and the Engltjh, with other Nations of Europe, Trad
Coaft of ^ridand Cape of Good Ho/^e, or elfc by the way of Ale-icandria
i
Gulf, as heretofore.

Ghap. VI

^ Ad E'B^t C J.

+7/

:ii i^iiiiiiiii

CHAP. VI.

Paraguay, or Rio de la Plata.

W^^rt ^'Z ""if/^f^'T}' ^"'''^^' ''''^' ^''^ """ft Southerly part
of the Ke-. World ,nA before it in order all the Weftern Coafts of '
^m.. that l.e either upon or towards Man del Zur, viz. from Tana.a, the firft Province of this Southern part down as far as the S^ail
7c Ire
now to return and take a view of theEaftern Coafts, and thofe Couftr ys
wh ch
heuponthe Mamck Ocean, fleering our Courfe henceforth Northward ^7^7
reaiy, butas the Coaft leads us for a while Eaftward and by North faCch;
heLandof ^,..Jromthe W:gi..of M.^W/.upasfaras..y?/, and almoft
to he JI,u.tor runneth out with a long Point, liftle lefs than three
thoZd
Leagues together. -^iwui^uu
whthTun^^h f k" a'^ ^' f '^ ^'^"' ^'""^ '''^ N^^ f - h^ River!
S^".;.
StoLT I. T ""'V'^' ''''""Sh the midft of it : It is border^, as w
S.?'''-^
fJokTn ' ""'J'^-ver'd Countreys of the Province of Chile, of which we
have
f ^r*"! c^,"?"'y " ^''' '^'^^ '''^ -iver is reported to- be a very
luftv and
Fruits and Gram m great abundance, with Sugar.Canes, both large and good
as
any other Province of the Ne. World. Nor is it cxcell'd by an/ other
fori"
Pafturage and great Herds of Cattel, Sheep, and Swine , in particular,
Horfefare
faid to have multiply^ fo here, that of thirty Mares, a;d abLt fix or
fevTn^^^^^^^^^
lions which the %..^. left there, in forty yearsthe whole Countrey
thereabouts
was fill d with the Breed of them, running wild in great Compa/ies
togethe
hrough all the Woods and Forrefts of the Countrey, and being of
excellent Met-'
tie and Service .f they could be tam'd. It affordeth likewife grea
ftore of wild Deer
and Stags fome Lyons Tygers, <^c. nor is it without good Mines, fome
both of
Gold and S. ver ., but chiefly, as to what is yet difcover'd, of Brafs,
and Iron . and
the People altogether falvage. , > "
The River De la <Plata which fas we faid before) divides this Countrey,
is one ->....
ofthelargeftofthe whole World, rifing, as 'tis fuppos'd, out of the Lake
call'd "^"'
De los Xarayes, three hundred Leagues or more within Land, and fallin.
into the

.//t/^HtfC^ Ocean, or North Sea in rliirrx, &>Mr r rr i v 5 ""o tne

, no XA L r ' y " Degrees of Southern Latitude, with
an /.rj or Mouth ofthirty, or two and thirty Leagues over ' '"
are?il'^!t ^IT"'^ " f"f^ uY'''^'^ '" '^''' '"f'' P---> which
are i. <^o de ,a fUu properly fo call'd. 2. Tucuman. 3. La Crux de
Sierra.

Sect.

\.j6

M E%^I C A.

Chap. VI.

Situation ofj,
Plata, properly focall'J

Towns and
Places of
note.

Situnion of

Town and
chief Places
of note.

Sect. H*
Rio de la Plata, properly fo call'd.
Jo de la (Plata, properly fo callM, is that part of the Countrey which
extend.
eth it feif on both fides the River, in length many Leagues together,
but
not anfwerable in breadth.
The chiefeft Towns of note in this Province, arc i. <Buenos Ayres, by
fome calrd
La rrimdad on the Southern Banks of the River Ve k flata, fixty four
Leagues, as
they fay from the Mouth of it : It is feated commodiouHy at the foot of
a little
Mountain, and fortifi'd with a Mud-Wall, a little Caftle, and fome
Pieces of
Ordnance. .
1. San Fe, in Englifii St. Faiths, fifty Leagues above Bums Ayres, upon
the lame
River, and a dcher Place, chiefly by reafon of their Cloth, of which
there is here
one of the greatefl Manufadures of all thefe parts o^feru.
3. Nuejira Sennora de la Jjfun^tion, commonly call'd ^/wwj^tioM onely,
lying yet
hicrher up the River almoft a hundred Leagues, a well built and well
frequented
Town, long fince inhabited by two hundred Families at leaft of natural
Sfamards,
hdidts MefttKps, as they call them, which are the Breed of Spaniards by
the Jmerican
People, Men or Women^and Mulattos, which are likewife their Race, but
begottea
upon Hegro's, of both which there are reckoned to be here fome
thoufands.
4. La CiVtdad ^al,ox more commonly call'd Ontiyeros, fourfcore Leagues
Northward from Ajfumpon, feated on the Banks of the River farana in a
fruitful Soil, as
the Countrey generally is about all thefe Places 5 but the Air
hereabouts is not fo
healthful. ' . .
5. St. ^w^, upon the fame River 5 and 6, St. Sahador.
Sect. III.

TucLiman.
Eft ward of Lrf'P/^t^lieth the Countrey of TiMcmw,cxtendingit felf as
far as the Borders o( Chile, a Countrey not yet well difcover'd either
to the North oTthe South. That part of it which lieth towards
Chile is well Manured and Husbanded, and likewife very fruitful ; but
that towards Magcllamca, neither the one, nor the other, remaining altogether
untill'd and
barren. .
The chief Towns and Places of note, are i. St. Jago de Efieco, the
prmcipal
Town of the Province, and a Bifliop'sSee, feated upon the River Ffteco,
a hundred
and fourfcore Leagues diftant from 'Buenos Ayres.
z. St. Michael de Tucuman, feated at the foot of a huge rocky Mountain,
but
otherwife in a Soil the fruitfulleft and bcft, both for Corn and
Pafturage, in all
this Countrey, twenty eight Leagues diftant from St. Jago.
3. Talayera, or Xiucjha Sennora de Talavera, as the Spaniards call it,
fituate upon the
Banks of Salndo/m a good Soil, and inhabited by an mduftrious People,
grown exceeding rich and wealthy, chiefly by their Manufadures of Cotton-Wooll,
whereof they have great plenty, and by which they drive a Trade as far as the
Mines at
fotofi,and other parts o^Teru.
4. Corduba, another rich Town of this Province, and of great Trade, as
lying
at

A.^l^-

J>r

,.r j^ i^nngf^ji^'

njji it

(*! !'

ij ,'

Si "

P
i
m\
Si' 1
ii'l
ilk-!?
iff

 -1 "*

Sj'l
fi!
Iril
iiJl

fil

) Situation of
' La Crttx di
Sierra.

If- Chis f 'J o\".)is

of tb is. \Xij~
> Vbce.

i-

I
'es
to

jt*

di=
Situation an
Defcription
It
of Braj.le.
he

>i

of

ng
;vn

ra

)U'

)UC

ng

N>

ail

at

I /

't. _ f^ i\

rl I

.j^ ;.r

Chap. ViL A Ad E B. I C A
at an equal diftance, vi;<.. of fifty Leagues, both ftotn San Fe, as
they call it, or
St, Faiths in the Province ofL^ Tlata abovcfaid, and from 5^^ Juan de la
Frontera in
the Country of Chile, and almoil in the Road-way from ^otofi and thofe
parts of
^erUj to Buenos Jyres and the North Sea.i
5. Qhoc'moca ; 6, Sococha j 7. Calehinda j 8. Morata^ and others, but
belono^inir
for the moft part to the reduced Natives,
Sect. IV.
La Crux de Sierra.

LjlCruxde Sierra is a little Territory (at leall in comparifon to fome

others)
lying towards ^eru^a.nd reckoned by fome for one of the Provinces of
feru :
It lieth betwixt the two great Rivers Paraguay and Guapay^ a hundred
Leagues diftant, as 'tis faid, from Charcot, to which yet in fome Caufes
it is ftifoordinate. /
The Soil of this Countrey is abundantly fertile in all forts of American
Fruits,
befides good plenty both of Wheat and Mai:^^ and fcarfity of nothing
ufeful for
Man's Life, unlefs it be frefli Water in fome places.
The chief Towns of this Province, are i. San CruXj fituate at the foot
of a great
Mountain or Hill, but opeing upon a large Plain, whofe thirfty drinefs
is well re
frefli'd by a certain Brook or Torrent, which iflueth out of a
neighboring Mountain, and a few Leagues diflant from the Town raaketh a pretty Lake,
which fup:
plieth the Countrey thereabouts, both with frefli Water and Fifli in
good plenty.

2. ^arranea, a Town fuppos'd to be not above threefcore Leagues diftant

from
(potop.
3. Nova '^ioia, once a Colony of Spaniards jhut fack'd and fpoil'd by
the Salvages
of thefe Parts about the Year 1548. and the firftDifcoverorof the
Countrey,namely
Nunno de Chaves, treacheroufly murder'd by a Native, fince which time
'tis f^id to
have been deferted.

Situation of
La Crux dt
Sierra.

Chic f i o\" lis

of tb ii \i\i~
Vlnce .

CHAP. VII.

Brafile,
%afile by Capralis call'd San Cruz, becaufe it Was difcover'd on the Dav
dedi= ^t"'o"and
1111 r t Defcription
cated to the holy Crofs, but generally ^raftle, from the red Wood, which

of Bra'.U.

produces in great abundance, extends, according to the Account of the

Tortuguefe, between the Rivers J^iaranon and DelaTlata : But according
to the Di
vifion which Pope Alexander the Sixth made upon the Approbation of the
King^s of
Cafiile and Tortuguefe, 'Brafile extends not fo far j for it begins in
the North along
the Stream ^ara, and ends at the River Capybora, two Leagues beyond the

Town
St, Pmcent : Eaftward it is wafli'dby the Northern Ocean, and on the
Weil fepara
ted from Teru by defolate Vlountains: It lies between 4 and 22 Degrees
of Southern Latitude. Hiftoriographers differ much concerning the firft
Difcoverer but
without contradidion the firfl: honor belongs juftly to An>VtcmVej^utim, who being
fent out by Ferdiaand, King ofCafide^ in the Year 1497. irriv'd firft
with four Sail
Y y &z

+7S

E "KI C A.

Chap. VU.

at ^rafik j whither he was foUowM two years after by Vincent

Jyne;^fin:^ony Aflbci*
ate to Chriftopher Columbus j but with illfuccefs, for two of the Ships
werecaft away
in a Storm, and the other two return'd fadly weather-beaten into the
Spaniflj Haven
(palos, yet not before he had made a farther Difcovery of 'Brafile than
Amerkus Vefpw
pdro Alva- t'ttis which fo ftirr'd up Emanuel, King of Tortu^alj that
he lent ^edro Jlvan:^ Ca^ralis
h Expediti- thither with five hundred Men in thirteen Ships^ that lo he
might get lure tooting
rate. ^^ (^^^j^^ . whcrc Landing he eredted a Stone Crofs, and informed
the King of his
v^^hole Proceedings by Gafper Lemmns, with whom he fent over two
Braflians^z Man
and a Woman, the ftrangenefs of whofe Garb caus'd great admiration in
Tortu^al
amongft the Spectators : the Man, having a flat Kofe, went ftark naked,
and in
his nether Lip hung a Stone call'd Matara ; through each Cheek there was
ftuck a
piece of ^Brd/i/e Wood, on his Shoulders he carry'd three long Darts,
and on his
Head he wore divers colour'd Feathers ; the Hair about his Privities was

all
plucktout, and his Memhrum Vmk ty'd about with a String call'd
Tacoaynhaa, which
he untyM when he Urin'd ; his Body was ftrong and well proportioned, and
painted with feveral Colours. The Woman wore a Lappet girt about her Middle,
in
which Girdle ftuck a Cane Tobacco-pipe j the Lappet reached juft to the
top of
her Knees, the reft of her Body was alio naked ; on her Head flie wore a
broad Hat
made of FeatherS;, on the top of which ftuck two Plumes ; in her Ears
hung Bells,
and about her Neck three Strings of Pearl 5 and her Body was alfo
painted with
red and yellow Colours. Lemnim alio gave fo much Information concerning
the
fruitfulnefsoFSr^yl/t', that feveral fortugmfe Families went thither,
accompanied
with ^omz Italian Fryers, which fcatcering up and down, began to build
feveral
Villages, but were foon after moft of them kill'd and eaten up by the
Ind'tms.
Anno 1549. King John the Third fitted out a grept Fleer, which fet Sail
from
Lisbon under the Command o^Thomas de Sofa*
^fBrafiuh ^^^^ ^^^ J eiiiits j/ptlcueta, Antonio Tirco, Leonardo
ISlpnno, Didaco Jacoho^ Vincent <]{ode'
^:::,^^rko,2ndE)nanuel%obre^a, were lent thither by Pope Pd/i the
Third, and Ignatius
^' '" LojoUj whole Fleet came to an Anchor in the Bay afterwards calFd
<BahiadeTcdos
Santos,

Cliap. VIL

^ M E%^1 C A.

Sancios, where Sofa built the City Salvador ; fiiice which the
fovtuguefe have fpread
themfclves farther and farther over 'BraRle.
The Umted Netherlands alio fent Colonies thither with good fuccefs, for
they took
feveral vail Coiintreys from the Tortu^uefe^ by force of Arms, and bLilt

new Forts
and Towns in feveral places. But we will firll: give you a general
Defcription of
it, that fo we may the better render a Relation in particular of every
Province
thereof, it being a confiderabie part of the Kew World, and both
pleafant and fruit' ful, and the Sea-Coafts refrefli^d by Eaflerly Winds, which begin
before Day"
break, when the North Sea ebbs or flows, for then the Wind rifes with
the Sun, and
continues till Mid-night : Towards the Weft, where the Mountains divide
irafik
from <Peru, it is made temperate by Weflerly Winds, which though judg'd
unwhoU
fom, becaufe they feera to arife out of the Moorifli Grounds, yet they
hurt not the
Inhabitants along that CoaR, becaufe they either break agamft the high
Mountains, or are driven by the ftrong Wind which blows from ihe Sea.
The difference between Summer and Winter, jQiorter and longer Days, in
the
main part o( Braftle, is fcarcedifcernable, warm Weather lafting alfthe
year round
and for the length of the Day and Night, the Sun being hid under the
Horizon
twelve hours, fliines for the moft part jud as long, the greateft
difference never
being above an hour. Three hours before Day-break the Dew makes it
exceedina
cold till Sun.rifing ; wherefore the 'Brafilians make Fires in the Night
near thei"?
Hammocks, not onely to keep wild Beads from them, but alfo againft the
Cold,
After the coldeft Nights follow the faireft Days, and the contrary after
fultry
Nights ; ncverthelcfs (except in the rainy Seafon, which begins with
March and
ends about ^g^/) the Skye is generally clear, yet it Lightens much
towards the
Evening. Rainbowes often appear in the Skye, and bout the Mooon Hahs.
The Rain generally falls in great Drops, and with a mighty noife
before
which it is generally very fultry hot, or elfe foon after. The Dew,
which' is fruitfuller than in Europe, is faltifli, which makes it oft to rot things
that lie in.theopen
Air. During the rainy Moneths, a South-Eaft Winds blows from a cloudy
Skye,
much ftrongerthan the Northern in Summer, The South.Eaft Wind drives the
Stream to the North, as the North Wind drives it to the South : And more
than
this, there is little to be difcern'd of the Seas ebbing and flowing
hereabouts : Ac
the higheft Tides the !Br^y4/wi go feveral Leagues from the Shore to
Fiili, upon

Planks made of the fpungy Wood call'd Jangda faftned together. The Sea,'
which
feems to burn in the Night, is fo clear in the Day, that the FiOi may
beVcen to
fwim above twenty Fathom deep. A calm Ocean when the Days and Nights
are of an exaa length, and efpecially when dark Clouds appear, is a
certain wn
of a dreadful Storm. At Full or New=Moon the Sea rifes twelve Foot, and
con^
tinues either a longer or fliorter time, according as it is more or lefs
turbulent, and
the Rivers fallftronger or more gently into the fame.
Before moft part of the Coaft of <Braftk lies a Stone Cliff of above
twenty or
thirty Paces broad, which is never cover'd with Water, though in the
time of
Spring-^floods. In this Cliff Nature in feveral places hath made a Gap,
through
which the Ships fail near the Shore, and ride fafe at an Anchor,
The whole Countrey o^ 'Brafile is divided into thirteen frdfeatms, or
Lordfhips, and hath about as many Rivers, which more or lefs empty
themfelves into
every one of thefe Countreys. The Eaftern part hath feveral Brooks and
Fountains, which afford good Water both for Man and Beaft. In fome parts the
Water
isfoftrong, that the wild Beafts making themfelves Drunk therewith, are
eafily
taken. During the Winter Seafon the Rivers glide with great force, and
fwell on a
Y y 2 fiiddeo,-,^-

Temperature
of the CIj:
mate.

480

The Nature
of the Soil.

Defcnptioa
of the ramanda.

^ M E %! C A. Chap. ViL
fuddensOverPiOwing all the neighboring Countrey, onely the River
SanFrancifco
runs ftrongeft and rifes higheft in the Summer Seafon, whenas in the
Winter it
flows low, and poures but little Water into the Ocean. The original of
this Ku
ver is as yet unknown, yet is by moft believ'd to come out of a great
Lake lying
near the ferWVian Mountains : The Hollanders j who iail'd forty Leagues
up the
fame^ found it every where broad and deep, and fcatter'd full of Ifles
and Rocks.
The ^ortuguefe failing ten Leagues farther, difcover'd the great Rocks
Cocoeras^ from
which the faid River falls down with great violence, and extends it felf
North*
Weft. In the other 'Brafilian Streams, though wide at the Mouthes, which
generally
are not above two or three hours walking from their Fountains or
Springs, no
Barque is able to Row up, they being exceeding fhallow, although much
Rain
falls into them ; the reafon whereof is becaufe the barren Mountains
lying be*
t ween !Br^yi/e and *Per, difcharge abundance of Water through the
Rivers of /^w/4^
^ms^ Maranoft, francifco, La flata, and the JuaeirOy with fuch force
into the Ocean,
that they keep their fweetnefs for thirty Leagues. Near the Sea fide are
feveral Lakes and Pits which are drinkable, and others up in the Countrey
that arc
brackilli.
The Countrey differs exceedingly, for where it extends in Plains the
Soil is fat
and clayie, and produces all forts of Fruit, but efpecially Sugar-Canes.
During
the rainy Seafons the Trees flourifli moft 5 after which the heat of the
Sun, and fertility of the Soil fpeedily ripen the Fruit : wherefore they Dung not
their Land,
but on the contrary endeavor to make it lean with Sand, [that the Plants
might not
have too many Leaves, and wither before the Fruit can be ripened. They
Sowe in
the beginning of the rainy Moneths, and efpecially take care that the
Seed lie not
too deep in the Ground^ becaufe then the Sun-beams being not able to
come at it,
fuffer it to perifh in the cold Ground.

The high Cocoa and Talmito-Txecs, are tranfplanted all the year round,
the Roots
being onely cover'd with a little Earth, becaufe they can endure no
cold.
Several Trees here bear a cooling Fruit, as if kind Nature took care to
provide
againft exceffive heat.
All manner of Plants and Herbs brought hither from An^ola^^ortugal, the
Is^etherlands, and the EaJlAndies, grow here very plentifully. But the Countrey
generally
would be much better, if fome way could be found out to deflroy the
innumerable company of Pifmires, which though three times bigger than the
European, refcmble them very much, and cover the Paths in Woods and Fields for three
or four
Miles together ; and raifing Hillocks, make them hollow, and fill them
with Corn :
in the Full of the Moon they gather an incredible quantity of Grain,
which they
bite at each end, becaufe it fhould not fprout : againflthe rainy
Moneths they flop
up their Holes, that the Water may not damnifie their Store. But thefe
Animals
have a mortal Enemy of the T^mW^, of which there are two forts, the
bigger
call'd Guacaj theleffer Mri ; the Guaca, notwithflanding it is no bigger
than an ordinary Dog, yet it deftroys Tygers, and other wild Beafts, with fuch a
raging fury,
that it never lets go what once it hath got hold of, but holds it fafl
fo long till forae*
times it dies of Hunger. The (5da/ differing from the Mtri onely in
bignefs,
hath a broad Tail full of grey and black Briftles, which flicks up when
he is vex'd,
but when he goes to fleep, covers himfelf with the fame. The A^/W winds
his long
fmooth Tail about the Boughs, by which hanging he fearches the Holes in
the
Trees with his Tongue, which being thin and round, hath a Gutter in the
middle,
in which when it feels any Pifmires, it fuddenly fwallows them down : If
he perceives them to have their Nefls under Ground, then he fcratches up the
Earth, and

Chap. VII. ^ M^E %^I C'A

puts his Tongue in at the Holes. Both the Guam and Mr/ have a thick
Skin, and a
broad black Streak from their Breafts on each fid^ up half way their

Bodies, and
through the black runs alfo a white Streak. No Beafl in the World is
hardier'than.
this, for though it fafts twelve days, and is afterwards flayM alive,
yet in will live
feveral hours after^
The Lakes in <Brafile are for the moll: part overgrown with Weeds juft
like a
Field, yet are exceeding full of Fifli and Fowl. Where the Sea runs into
the Lakes,
great multitudes of Crabs are feen crawling along the Ground, and the
Oyllers
hang ill Clufters on the Boughs of a Plant called Umyk or Mangms, which
prow
with their Roots eithernear or in the Water, in fuch a manner, that new
Bodies
ftiU flioot from the old Roots, which prevents eafie accefs to the chief
Plant, on
whofe uppermoft Leaves after Sun-riilog flicks very white Salt, which in
the
Night, or in a cloudy Day turns to a brackiih Dew. Moreover, thofe
places where
'Brafile rifes with Hills and Mountains, are likewife very fruitful,
except the barren
topsoffome, which Teem to kifs the Skyes 5 and though the fruitful
Mountains
fiourifli in the time of the rainy Months, yet many of the Trees which
grow on
them die in Summer, and their AOies being burnt by the Inhabitants, are
us'd in
ftead of Dung. Some Woods extend themfelves three hundred Leagues in
length,
and are full of Trees, To tall, that an Arrow fhot upwards falls fhort
of the top of
them, and a Boat may be made out of the Body, which can carry a hundred
and
fifty Men. On the great Boughs of thefe mighty Trees grow other
excrefcent
Shrubs after the manner of MilTeltoe, which proceed from the Kernels
fwallow'd
and muted upon them by the Birds that light there. In Tome places alfo
grow
alfo S weetwood Trees, which afford either excellent Gums or Wood to
Dye with 5
amongft which the chief is the Ibiripkanga, which yields the 'Brafik
Wood, thac
gives Denomination o^'Brafik to this vafl Trad of Land. The Tree
Ibnpitanga is
tall and fpreading, hath fad colour'd Bark full of Ihort Thorns ; the
Leaves are
green, and differ in form but little from the Box-Tree Leaf j the Boughs
fhoot
forth other lefTer, full of yellow and fweet^fmelling Flowers,' which
falling off
arefucceededbyaflatlongCod, of a dark grey colour, full of little red
Pulfe/

the upper part of the Tree is not good to Dye with, but onely the lower
part of
the Body, which becaufe the Tree grows far up in theCountrey, is not
tranfportable without much trouble. But the Tatai-iha grows in the Woods along
the Shore .
the Bark being of an Afh.colour, invefts a yellow Wood j the Leaves are
fharp and
notchM, the Fruit not unlike Mulberries, pale, juicy, and full of white
Seed j the
Wood boylM Dyes a pure Yellow. It is obfervable not onely of this Tree,'
but
generally of the Trees of this Countrey, that they neither flourifli,
nor (lied'their
Leaves all over at once, nor do feveral Tre^s of the fame kind, and
growing here
germinateor fade together 5 for whilefi: one is fulleil of BlofToms,'^
the other is
without Leaves j and whilefi the fame Tree (Leds its Leaves on one fide,
the other
fide is newly Budded. *
The European^a-ms and Herbs with fofc Pvoots, being once Planted in !
Brafile,
come to be hard and ligoifi'd. There is alfo great difference, according
to the
Ground in which they are Planted . for fuch Plants and Trees as in the
Plains are
but fmall and tender, grow ten times higher if Planted in the Woods.
All forts of Indian Pulfe grow higher than the tallefl Trees, like high
Arbor?^
under which both Men and Beafls may iihclter themfelves from the Sun'^or
Rain,
We find not upon Record or Tradition, that 'Brafile was ever troubled
with an
Earthquake, which is thereafon that it hath neither Silver nor
Gold^Mines, becaufe
fulphurous Fires are found under Ground, which are a caufe of the
produaion of
Y y I Gold

481

The Plant
Maujie,

Defcription
of the Tree

The Tree
Tatai-iba,

Si

^ 'm.^e 'Ki c a.

Chap. VII.

The Nature
oi the Brafili^

ns.

Their manner
ot Living.

Gold and Silver, fo likcwife they occafion Earthquakes : yet in that

part of ^rafik
call'd Ceara^ there are fome Mines of Silver, out of which the
Hollanders would have
got greater Riches, had not they been employed in the Wars againft the
<Porf ge/?.
Far up into the Countrey amongft theMountains,inhabit CanihalsyOt
Man*eatersJ
The Europeans that firft travelled that way, found the Countrey very
fertile and full
of People, efpecially in the Valleys, but fomewhat incommoded by the

want of
Water, and the exceflivenefs of the Heat in the Day, and of the Cold in
the Night.
In fome places the Countrey is fo over-grown with Brambles, that they
are forc'd
to cut their way through the fame. But there are a fort of Thiftlcs,
which having
concave Leaves, receive the Dew and Rain for the accommodation of the
Natives.
Befides Serpents and Dragons, the Tygers are moft of all to be fear'd
when
huncrry, but once fatisfi'd are ealily taken.
Dogs, Oxen, Sheep, and Horfes thrive alfo exceedingly in mod parts
o^^rajiie.
The !Brafilians live to be very old without being Bald or Grey : There
are feldom or never to be feen fquint-ey'd, lame, decrepid, or any deformed
People, notwithftanding the Children are never Swath'd but thrown into cold Water
as foon
as born. The Men generally have a very near refemblance one with
another, as
alfo the Women, fo that there is not fuch a difference betwixt Man and
Man there,
as amongft other People. There is fcarce any Sicknefs heard of in thefe
Parts ; for
befides a long Life, they enjoy the benefit of Health fo long as they
live. They
trouble not themfelves with much Bufinefs ; and in one Hut, whofe
Covering conlifts of Palm-Leaves, dwell feveral Families together.
The general Bread of the [Brafelians is the ftamp'd Root idand'thoka j
befides which
they alfo eat all manner of Fruit and Plants, and many times Flefh,
which they
either eat boyl'd, broylM, or ftew'd ; their Boyling is after this
manner : Firft
they kindle their Fire with two Sticks, the one of hard,and the other of
foft Wood ;
the hard they make fliarp at the end, and fix the fame into the foft,
which fetting
on fire they immediately lay Cotton thereupon, or elfe dry Leaves, and
fo boyl
the Flefh in round Earthen Pots cali'd Camu. : but they account that
better which is
ftew'd

Chap. Vn. lA M E%^I C J. . g

ftevv-d ia a Pot, the bottom whereof is cover'd with Leaves, on which

they lav the

Flelh, then flopping the fame clofe on the top with Earth and Leaves
thev make
Fire over u fo long till they think the Flefh to be fufficiently fle
w'd. Their Broy!
ing they perform by fixing forked Sticks into the Ground.over which they
lay feveral others like a Gridiron, and upon them the raw Flefli, cut in long
Slices and
Pepper'd and Salted, thea make a Fire under the fame till it is enough and' their
Meat fo drefs'd keeps good fourteen days. Their Pifl, either boyl'd or'
broyl'd is
eaten with the Sawce Ju^mm^a. The little Fifii f,aba and 'P.^umnga they
make u p
in Rolls, and lay them under hot Aflies. Both with their Flefli and
Fifla they eat
for Bread, as hath been faid, the Meal of the Root Mand.hoka, which they
taking up
with three Fingers throw into their Mouthes fo dexteroufly, that not the
leaft fcrap
tails befides. They never obferve any fet hours to eat, for they make
feveral Meals
in the Day, and fometimes in the middle of the Night, if their Appetite
ferves
and neither drink nor fpeak whileft they are at their Meat. They deep in
fpread'
Hammocks made faft between two Poles, tiear which burns a conftant Fire
with
which in the Daytime they drefs their Meat, and at Night keep themfelves
warm
the Nights being there fomewhat cold, becaufe of their equal length with
the Days'
Their ufual Liquor is cold Water, taken out of the Fountains, Rivers, or
Brooks " Their f.
but to Caroufe they make the Drink Caoi, of the Fruit of the
Ocaiiha.Ttts which w^'
being ftamp'd in a woodden Mortar, is ftrain'd, and at fitft looks like
MHk but
after a few days ftanding turns to a darker colour, and is ftrong enough
to make
Aftronomers of thofe that drink largely of it, but if long kept, it
turns to be excel.
lent Vinegar.
They have another Drink call'd Aifu, which is made two feveral ways .
the
firft is thus : An old Toothlefs Woman chews the little cut Root
Aifimccnxerl to a
a Pap call AGracu, which fpitting in a Pot they pour Water on the fame,
and after,
wards boyling it leifurely, ftirring it all the time it Hands over the
Fire. The other
way of making this^i^, which is much the more cleanly, is to boyl the
faid Root
fo long, till It comes to be like Butter.milk, and then letting it ftand
till it hath

done working, it will be no unpleafant Drink.

Another fort of Drink amongft them is their facobi, made of the Fruit of
the
Tree <Pacokbe and facobucu befides others made of the Tree Jbatu, of
Mian Barley and Af;^. Alfo their Liquor call'd ]etici is prefs'd out of fotatoKoots.
In like manner the Plant Nana, by the fortuguefc call'd Ananas, makes
the Drink
t{ana,, which is exceeding ftrong and heady, but good againft Faintnefs,
Vomit,
ing. Gravel, and ftoppage of Urine, as alfo againftPoyfon.
The Tapuiyans, fur-named Cariri, meet at a certain time to make the
Liquor ru, cebo.
^i.H, whereof each takes as much to his Hut as falls to his fliare, and
when it hath *"
done working, they begin in the Morning very early at the firft Houfc in
the Village, and drink out every drop which they find there, and fo from Houfe
to Houfe
till they have drunk one another drie ; and he is look'd upon to be the
beft Man
that hath drunk and evacuated moft.
The Srafilians tike generally very ftrong Tobacco,
in the
Sun, and afterwards before the Fire, the better to
Their Tobacco.
pipe IS a Cane and a hollow Nut cut ofFat the top,
bor'd in the
middle, into which they put the Cane. They forbear
even in
the midft of their religious Ceremonies, which are
Singing and
Dancing in this manner :

which they firft drie

tub it in pieces :
and a round Hole
not to take Tobacco
perform'd with

The Tapuaiyans making a round Ring at an equal diftancc one from

another, all '
of them being ftark naked,tie divers colour'd Plumes of Feathers on
their back-fides "'
with

Their man-;
ner of Taking
Tob.icco.

[heir religious Ceremonies.

4-Sf

Thdr Arms.

with a String made faft on their left Shoulders and about their Waftes 5
about
their Legs they have Cotton Garters j each in his turn bowing to the
Left,ftretchcs down his left Hand to the Ground, and puts his right Hand in
between the
Strings which tie the Plume of Feathers, and ftamps continually with his
right Foot,
whileft all the reft begin to Sing a doleful Song, which by degrees they
change
into a merry one, not without fome appearance of underftanding the Art
of
Mufick. Their Songs contain firft a mournful Relation of a general
Deluge, which
drowned their Predeceflbrs, all but fome few, who efcap'd by climbing up
high
Trees and Mountains ; next the Ads of thofe old Heroes from whom they
boaft
themfelves Extra^ed, who loft their Lives, or valiantly fought for the
publick
good, and were rewarded with the enjoyment of all pleafures and
Delights,of Singing, Playing, Dancing, and the like, in a remote Countrey, whither after
their
Deaths they hope to be tranflated : >5C^hileft they thus Sing over all
their Songs,
three Priefts ftand in the middle of the Ring, each holding the Idol
Maraka (in their
left Hand) refembling an old Oftritch's Egg ftuck full of Feathers on
the top :
about their Waftes they wear a Girdle of rich Plumes, on their Heads
alfo a Crown
of Feathers ; the middle Prieft looks with a ftern Countenance, and
holds up his
left Leg from the Ground, whileft the other two ftanding on each fide of

him,hold
in their right Hands a Pipe,out of which blowing Tobacco-fmoak in one
anothers
Faccs,they utter thefe woxdsy^^eceiye the Spirit of heroick Strength :
The Dance ended,
they Entertain their Priefts with Meat and Drink eight days together,
and alfo put
Meat before their Idol Maraka, who is the chief Deity they adore.
Their Arms confift of Bowes made of hard Wood, Strung with twifted
Cotton
Thredj their Arrows they make of the Cane Tacaara, made very fliarpat
the end,or
headed with fome Beafts fliarp Tooth, or pointed with the Bones of the
Fifli Jp^r.
Some o^thtJapuiyans ufe great Darts, and long Clubs of black Wood, broad
before,
and full of fharp Spikes . the Handles being wound about with Cotton
Strings
caird Jatirafia, under which hangs a Tuft of the Bird jVaras Feathers,
as alfo about
the middle. Their Trumpets, call'd Qanguenca^ are the Shin-bones of Men,
though
they

IT"

-^1 M E 2^ / C J.
they have others alio made of great Shells and Caoes. They md to be
continually
at War one withanother.which they wagM neither for Lands nor Riches^but
either
to make themfelves eminenn.acd to be accounted valiant Soldiers, or mod
efpecially for the fake of ManVflefli to feed upon, which they love beyond all
things in
the World,wherefore they flitten all their Prifoners for the Oaughter.
Their Battels
are always crttel, for they fight very defperately. E?mmuel de Moraes
relates, That he
law a ^rafiltan fight with three Armed fortugmfes, who flew him not till
after he had
wounded them all three* ^
. The Languages of the BraftUans are feveral, each Countrey fpeaking a
peculiar
Tongue, butTo different that they cannot underftand one another. The
Tahuydns
are divided mto above eighty Tribes, each fpeaking a peculiar Language,
which
have no refemblancc one with another ; neverthelefs they have a general

Language which is underftood by rnoft of them. The Jefuit Jofeph Jnchieta

publiOiing
a ^rafdtan Didionary in Conhnhr tea, Anno i^^^. {hewed that the foremention I
Language wants the Letters f, /, /, ^^ r, and hath no double Confonants
in any
word, except mb, nd, ng, To that the found of the word falls generally
on the laft
Vowel. The fore-mention'd Moraes well experienc'd in the 'BraftUan
Tongue, writ
an Alphabet of all the moft familiar words thereof usM in common
Difcourfe, of
which it will not be unnecefTary to give this following Extrad :

I"' >l

The Lafigu^
ges of the
BraJiUans,

A.
\ Bay a Man, alfo Hair.
Acu, the Left-hand.
Acuaheimae, Sweet.
y^maberabaj Lightning,
Amacuminva, Thunder.
Amandibaj HaiL
Anamaj a near Relation.
Anga, the Soul.
j^ngabara. Lean.
Angaipata, Angry, or Wicked,
Angatura?na, Thankful, or
Acceptable.
Apara^ a Crown.

^pecum, the Tongue.

jipicabaj a Stool,
Ara, the Time, Skye, or
Day.
Ara4bi coquimej Noon.
Araya, Grandmother.
Atapuana, Light.
Atapuatia, Swift.
Atucupe, the Back.
Atyba, the Shouldej:.
Ay cigj a, Mother.
Ayura^ the Neck,
B.
Boya, a Slave,

C.
Cama, a Sucking-Bread.
Cangay a Leg.
Caraibebeyapiabebe, an Angle.
Qruca, the Evening. "
Capii, Grafs.
Capiigoacuy Straw.
CatUy Dainty,
Cay, an Ape.
Ceba, a Loaf.
Cibera, the Buttocks*
Cemiracoaobaey a Widower.
CeOy a Breaft.
Ceteehnibae, a Ghoft,
Qg cygra, an Aunt.
Qoaraci, a Son.
Cobra, a Serpent.
Coemkanga^ the Dawn.
Qoribay Rejoyce,
Coy ay Twins.
Cmihay a Wife.
Cunhaiba, a Bride.
QunumigoacUy a Youth,

Cunumiy a Boy. ,
E.
Ecatuda, the right Hand,
Eyruba, a Bee,
Ga
Gibdy an Arm^

GuaibinOj an old Woman,

Guirarupiay an Egg.
L J act yihe Moorij or Mouths,
Jackata, a Star.
Ibay a Tree.
Ib'taia, the Heavens*
Ibatinga and Ibkinga, a
Witch.
Ibatebay High.
Ibiy the Earth.
Ibkira, a Mountain.
Ibkuy the Wind,
leapt, the Dew,
Igj Water. ;
Igtiaba, aCapa
Ipeca, a Goofe.
Igue, the Side.
Ita, Iron, or a Stone.
Itacira, a Spade.
Itapiguay a Nail.
Juba, Yellow,
Mi
SMdtipiaraj the Gall.
Mbabeaubera, Sick.
Mbiu, Meat.
Mbo, 2. Hand.
Membeca, Softly.
din 2,

Mejiearaa, a
MicUy a Toe.

Mita

mk''-

mtammummiat^

^*^r

48-^

;i

Uita, the Heel.

A/oc, an Eel.
Mormotaraj hnory,
Mtict^cndaha, a Joint.
N.
Nhia^ the Heart.
O.
O^acatujjiba, the World.
P.
(Potior, the Bread.
(paranga, Fair.
(Porerobiaraj FaichfuL
Porucuicohord^ Poor.
(potiVij a Duck.
<Poxi, Ugly,
pi, a Foot,
T'la, the Liver.
^/>^, Fifli, or a Skin.
fiquiira , Younger - in
years.
fttangaj a Child.
^Pfia^ a Finger.
fpua^o-uacUj a Thumb.
, Puna, the Navel.
(P/^o, Long.

^ M E "Ki C A

R.
(I^o/^j Cold.
Xi- J.
l-ogfc^, a Vein.
T<3^i, Blood.
T^<^ird , or Memhira , a
Daughter. The firfi:
of thefe jvords is us'd
by the Fathers, and the
other by the Mothers.
T^jfVrf^ Children, or a Son.
Tamu^j a Grandfather,
Tata, Fire.
TecoacUy Luck.
Tecoateimaj Covetoufnefs.
Temerico, Man or Woman.
Tendibay a Chin.
Tendiy Spittle.
Tetidi^iay a Knee.
TecobecatUy Wholfom.
Tema, a Shin-bone.
TetCy a Body.
Tiaya, Sweet.
Jibira, Younger : for fo
the Brothers call one
another, but the Sifters

futumaj the Night.

The Words for Adion, are thefe following :

Chap. VII.
name their younger

Brothers Qmbira, and

Brothers their younger
Sifters Te'mdira
TiguBj the Belly.
Tlcjue pergy the Guts.
Ttnga, White.
Ttfiba, Melancholly.
Tiqueray eld eft Sifter.
Ttquiera, eldeft Brother.
Tuba, Parents.
Tutira, Father's Brother.
Tubei-ima , an Hofpitai
Boy.
Tuibaem, an old Man.
Tupana, God.
T^,Pifs.
Tyuris, the Bladder.
U.
Uba, the Hip.
linhapuapem, a Nail,
Y.
Yja, a Fountain.
Imeneoba, a Widow.
Yyaobuamba, Naked.

A !BJ, Erring.
-^ ^Jbiciui, Coming.
^anhem,ldic,
Jcoy, Covering.
jfet, Miffing.
Jmi, Squeezing.
Jmotareima, Hating.
Anduba^ Opinion.
Jnguipaba, Sinning.
ylbba mandcba, To put on.

Afmn^ Shaving.
Jpition, Binding.
Arocd, a Leifon. *
Jya'nna, Feigning.
B.
[Beraba, Shining.
C
Coanga, Meafuring, Pro.
ving, or Speaking.
Cacaba, Pafling by.
Cae, Curing.

Capucaya, Callingj or To
be vex'd.
Qarom, Hoping.
Caruca, Piffing.
Cauccuba^ Loving.
Cecaraya, Forgetting.
Cema, Goin^ out.
Cenduba, Hearing.
Cenoya, Naming.
Cepiaca, Seeing, Punifliment.
Cerura, Carrying.
Cetuna, Smelling.
Cg^rrf, Relating.
Oca, Ploughing.
Cipya, Making wet.
Ciquye^ Fearing.
0, Going.
Cobaitim^ Meeting.
Cocjiicndaboya^ Opening.
Ctiaba, Knowing.
(jip'ira, Performing.

Cuuy Defending.
E.
EcatUy To be ablc
G.
Getionheca, Praying.
Goameenga, Biting.
Guapua, Sitting.
Guata^ Walking.
Guectia, Vomiting.

I.
Jababuy To run away.
Jecoacubay To remember.
Jcnumu?iay Spitting.
jferure. Demanding.
Igtaba, Swimming,
JgUy Drinking.
M.
Maenduara, Thinking. ,
Ma?io, Dying,
Maramoihanga, Warring.
Mayaoca, Dividing.
Mba-eracay Buying.
MbacUy

Chap. Vli.
Mhctcuy Eating.
M^enga^ Delivering.
Menhir ardy Barring.
Moaibaba, Bewitching, or
Preventing.
Mongueba, Putting out.
Moanga, Thinking.
Moaquima, Making wet.
Mobibuay Sowing.
Moete, Praifing , or Honoring.
Mopidt, Setting on fire.
Mogihcij Boy ling.
Mogyco^ Polifliing.
Momiyaj Moving.
Mom'ttay Lodging.
Monberaha, Bruifins:*
Monbeu^ Delivering of a
Meifage.
Monbt4ca,To bore through.

Monbuja, Boring,
Monhca^ To cutg take away, or cleave afunder.
Motidorocay Breaking.
Monguy^ Grinding,
Monguya, Making loofe.

W M E 1^1 C J.
Monhmga, Doing,
Moperuay Being cold.
Mopotayaj Buttoning
Moriba, Confencing,
Moropianay Changing.
Moeyecearaj Mixing.
N.
Nheangeru, Sighing,
NheengUy Speaking.
Nhemboe^ Learning.
Nhengara, Singing.
P.
^aepua, AnCwenn^,
Tarabocuy Chufing.
Tarondubay Enquiring.
Teay Abftaining,
TitUy Remaining.
^itmga rempi. To cafl: off.
Altera, Kifling.
^itibo, Helping.
Aittiba, Anointing.
^oacemuy Mourning.
Tobana, Spinning.
^ocuabay To ufe.
focaucubay Dreaming.
Torabiquij Working.

Torara, Lying.
^otareimay Refuilng.
Totara, Defiring.
Tuama, Rifing.
fuayay Commanding.
^ucay Laughing.
fura, Ufing.

Quera, Sleeping.
QuerarUy Waking.
R.
^abuy Untying.
Qtrecoy Having.
^rUy Coming.
T.
TarUy Catching.
Tecobe, Living.
Tiguiocay Bleeding.
Tiuy Difgracing.
Tma, Ploughing, War
ring, or Burying.
Y.
XaceOj Crying.
tembocuy Pulling off.
Xeupira, Climbing.
YucUy Killing.

Thefearcof thcmoftufualwordsof the general Language in ^.././., befides

which every diftina: Tribe orDivifion of People hath its peculiar
Tongue, as hath
been faid, of which the chicfeft and moft eminent are the Tupinambuy
Tabalaras
Totigt.iguaraSy Marhmtes, WatmooteSy TomonimenoSy WalUqua^es, Wainajfes,
Topinaques, <I>o\
msyMolopaqueSyMotai<tSy<BiherosyWamwafons, Tamoies, TocomanSy and the
Cmw/. of
all which the Tupinambu are the moft comely, efpecially their Women,
which '(according to the teftimony of the aforefaid Emanuel Uoraes, an Eyewitnefs) may ftand
in competition with the European Beauties. Thefe Women accompany their
Husbands when they go into the Wars, and carry their Provifions, efpecially
ftore of
Tobacco. In the Lips both of the Men and Women hang little Stones. The
Men
take as many Wives as they pleafe ; and amongft the generality of the
foremention'd Nations, there is fcarce any fign of Religion to be difcern'd.
The Tobaras ^tt accounted the beft Horfemen ; but in Singing and
Difcourfe ^''=^^^-the <Pottgi.iguarc^ exceed all the oihtt ^rajtlians : They place twenty
or thirty '^"--^''
Singers m a Row, which obferving Time, Sing the Tranfaaions of their
Prede.
celiors with good Voices,

The Wamoores are a ftrong People that inhabit the large Trad of Land
between The w.^...
mna^nd Ijleosy and having well timber^ Bodies, can keep pace with a
Horfe run- '"'
ning full fped. Five or fix of them often fet upon a Sugar-Mill, though
a hon.
dred Men be at work in the fame : They are all over bedaub'd with Dirt,
becaufe
they he like Beafts on the Ground : They wear long Hair, and have no
certain
Abodes.

81 '

4SS

A M E %^I C A.

Chap, vii.

The Tomonimenos.

The n'tita-

The WaiKofjes.-

The Defcription of the

Plant Vritcct.

The Topiu-

The Fories.

The Molopi
ques.

The Tomon'menos i Uvirjg about Spirito Sanfo, are more civilis'd j they
make Walls
of Stone about their Huts j and tkeie Walls are full of Holes, through
which they
flioot Arrows: at thofe'that InvadFthem ; their Bodies are Painted red
and. black,
and cover'd with Feathers. The fortuguefe taking fixteen thoufand of
them Prifonersac once^kiird-moft of them, and deftroy'd the Countrey all along tK^
River
TaraiVa, . ... '
At the SbutK and North Point of C^pe Bio dwell the Waitaqua^es, bigger
and
ftronaer than the Waimoores ; and they alfo fleep like Hogs on the
Ground about a
Fire, hold all People for their Enemies, and their Flefh for thtgreateft
Dainty.
The Women Arm'd with Bowes and Arrows ftand by their Husbands in Battel.
On Ifla Grande refide the Wamajfesy a little People, which have very
long Bellies,
go (lark naked, (Lave the Crown of their Heads, and let the other part
of their
Hair hang down long on their Shoulders. The Women, which are of grofs
Bodies, colour themfelves Red with Vruca^ which is a wild Plant, but much
us'd amongft them : the Kernels are inclos'd in Husks full of red FibresThefe Kernels
are not onely'mix'd with the other Ingredients of the Qhocaktta
Drink,but alfo us'd
to Dye of a red Colour ; The Wood of this Plant is very white,and the
Bark grey,
like the Hazle 5 the Leaves being of a deep Green, refemble a Heart ; at
the end of
the Boughs grow feveral BloiToms, each as big as a Rofe, confifting^ of
five Leaves,
parly red and partly white, in the middle whereof are yellowifli Threds
with pur
pie Points, which give little or no fmell : after the Flower follows the
Fruit, two
Fingers long ; when it begins to be ripe it grows ftill redder and
redder, each Cod
containing thirty or forty round Kernels^ which being touched leave a
red tindure

upon the Fingers ^ the Cod when ripe opens of it felf, and fliews the
Kernels
fpeckled white, which dry'd, pounded, and mix'd with Pifs, Dye fo ftrong
a Red,
that Linnen dipt into the fame will never receive any other Colour. This
Root
alfo boyl'd in Broth, makes it not onely red, but gives it a pleafant
tafte.
The Topmaques, which dwell about St. Vincent ^ are aftrong and grofs
People, go
{lark naked both Men and Women : when they kill any of their Enemies
they |
Paint themfelves with the Fruit jampano, put a great Plume of Feathers
on their
Head, and two Sticks in their Mouths, Dancing with ftrange motions of
the Body,
inclining fometimes towards the right^ and fometimes towards the left
fide, for
three day together j during which time they drink a filthy kind of
Liquor. The
Women, who have well proportion'd Bodies, onely covering their Heads
with a
Cap, about which they tie a bread of Hair, to which afquare Basket being
faftned,
hangs below their Backs when they travel.
The Mountains along the Ocean, which inclofe much Gold, are inhabited by
the ^ones^ a peaceable People, molefting none of their Neighbors ; they
fleep in
Nets of Flags, and have no other Houfcs than three Poles placed
triangular, and
cover'd with Palm-Leaves j they feed on Pine=Nuts and Eyrires, Apples
that have
Shells like a Walnut, and have alfo the precious Balfam.Oyl in great
abundance.
Along the River TaradiVa inhabit the Molopaques j the Men ftrong and
w^ell
timbered, have Beards long enough to cover their Privities. The Women
alfo fair,
modeft, prudent, and never laughing, tie their Hair, painted with
feveral colours,
round about their Middle with a Cord, fo that it ferves in fkad of an
Apron. They
obferve a fet-hour for Dinner and Supper, which is not us'd by any other
(Brafdims. The Mountains in thefe Parts confifling of a black Mold, have plenty
of
Gold, but it is of no efteem or regard amongft them, onely that which is
wafii'd
down by the Rain they gather up, but put to no other ufe than to
make:1^oks to

hang their Nets on.

The

RT

Chap. VL

^A M E%^1 C A.

48p

The Motayas, being of a low Stature and brown Complexion, fiiave off the
Hair ThsMa^^m
of their Heads, or elfe pluck it up by the Roots j they are eaters of
Man's- flcOi.
Not far from whofe Dominions appear the Mountains Twos up in the Countrey, which abounding with Gold and Precious Stones, are inhabited by
the :Bikrosj otherwife call'd Lopos, which live under the Trees like Beafts.
The Walana'^afons have little Villages, built along a namelefs River
thev are a "^^^ ^'*''""
Gigantick People, but very ignorant. Thirteen 'Por^MgM^/Mindertaking
fome years
ago to travel through this Countrey to the South Sea, found on fome
Mountains
abundance of Gold and Precious Stones ; and amongft many ftrange things
they
faw a CryiM Mountain ten days before they came near it, over which they
could
not travel becaufe of its fteepnefs ; at the foot thereof fprung a broad
Stream, making a great noife. From thence travelling forward, they came to the
Tamoyes "^^^ r^meyes,
Countrey, the Men whereof, being well proportion'd, wore great Bunches
of Feathers on their Heads : The Women, exceeding fair, had carv'd Breads. The
faid
fortuguefe being taken hcre,were put into Prifon, and all (lain and
eaten, excepting
one, who efcap'd after this manner : Thirty thoufand Tamoyes falling
into the
Countrey of the Jma:^ons, by the Americans call'd Mandiocuyfyams, made a

great Feaft
with three hundred of them, whileft the reft fled to the River La flata^
where they
got help from the fortuguefe ^who kill'd ten thoufand o( the Tamoyes,
made the reft ^ r
Slaves, and releas'd their imprifon'd Countreyman.
The T^ocotnans, a little People, dwell between La flata and St. Vincent.
rhcTocsmam
The Caryogs poflefs much Gold and Precious Stones.

Car yogs, and

The Maraquitesj by the Wc9:an Indians fur-named Tapulyers, that is,

Wildfeofe,

are divided into feventy fix forts, all differing in their Languages j
amongft which
the chiefeft are the Jrodera, QajaUj Maquam, and foyme, which all live
without Law,
Religion, fetlcd Abodes, or Friendfhip with any Neighbors ; and the
Women
Fight as well as the Men. Jacob %abhij who dwelt a confiderable time,
and convcrs'd amongft thefe People, defcribes their Cuftoms thus :
[' Their King Jaytdui, fir.named Otjhicayayna, from the River which
flows through Jj'f ^r

^^

lumMM^aimm

'i f, %

490 A M E'F^I C A. Chap. VII,

'^ the CoLintrey of the Tapuyans, caufes (if he thinks fit) to be
pnblifh'd through the
** the whole Camp of the Enemy, whither he will go the nextMornino-, and
what

*Mie will do all the Day following, having firft confulted with his
Council oF
'* Sorcerers. Before they march they wafii their Bodies in the River,
rub thema
'' felves all over with Sand, and afterwards wafh it off again, then
ftretch them'* felves till all their Joynts crack, run to the Fire, and when
throughly warm
*^ fcratch their Bodies with certain Fifii-Teeth, infomuch that the
Blood guOies
"out of feveral places, all which they judge to be good againft
wearifomnefs.
^^ About a Stones-caffc from the King's Tent lie two thick Logs, a large
Stride one
" from the other, againft which the whole Multitude ftand divided into
twoPar*^' ties, each of whom chufe the ftrongeft Man accounted amongft them to
carry
''the Log for a Wager, and when thefe two are tir'd;, they are released
by others
'^ and he that comes laft to the appointed place with the Log, is
laugh'd at by the
** Party to which he belonged that was there firft, where they all ftay
for the Youths
'' that bring their Arms, which when they have deliver'd, they all fall
to work '
'^ cutting down Trees, breaking off the Boughs, flicking them in the
Ground^, and
" tying them together on the top for Tents, which arc built in rows one
againft
'' another, leaving a broad Path between. Mean while the Women and
Children
^^ coming with their Baggage, the Men run to Fifh and Hunt, or to feek
Honey*
^' The old Women dig up Roots, which ftamp'd fervethem for Bread,
whileft the
*^ young Women help one another to prepare the Meat in the Huts.
Moreover the
* Men fpend their time in feveral Exercifes, as Wreftling and Running,
of which
*' two Women, appointed for that purpofe, are the Judges. When the
Evening
" draws on upon them, then the Youths dividing themfelves into
Companies, go
^' Singing from one Tent to another, and are followed by the Maids
Dancing and
" Leaping, every one ftanding behind him whom (he loves beft ; and this
is look'd
" upon as a fingular fign of affc<aion. When a young Man is inclin'd to
Marry,
" he carries Honey and Venifon to his Miftreffes Father, who if he hath
more than
*' one Daughter acquaints the Soothfayers with it, who inform the King
concern*' ing it; he then caufes all the young Men and Maids to be call'd
together out of
' " the Camp, fends them into the Woods to Hunt out a wild Beaft, which

they no
'^ fooner fee, but they return and acquaint the Multitude therewith, who
immedi'^ ately furrounding the Place, foon catch the Beaft, whofe Entrails
they pull out
" and throw to the Dogs, and give the Flefli to the Women to roaft,
which
*' when ready they make merry with. Singing and Dancing after they have
. " eaten ; then if the Youth hath behav'd himfelf well in purfuing of
the wild .
*' Beaft, the King grants him the Maid which he dcfires for his Wife :
Four days
" before the Wedding they bore a Hole through each of the Bridegrooms
Cheeks
" with a (harp piece of Wood, which done they iblemnize the Marriage j
at which
*' the King himfelf diftributes the Meat to every Gueft as he thinks fit
; after Din" ner they extol the Mothers Care, in preferving her Daughters Virginity
for the
'' Bridegroom in ftrange Songs. If a Maid be Marriageable, and no Suitor
comes
** to her, then the Mother draws red Strokes under her Eyes, and conduds
her to
*' the King, who fets the Maid down by him on a Mat, warms his Hands
againft
'' the Fire, then ftroaks himfelf and the Maid, and alfo blows TobaccoSmoak on
'^ her and himfelf, which done, he performs the part of a Husband with
her. But
'' their making Holes through their Ears and Lips is done whileft they
are Chil'* dren, after this manner : The Boys who undergo this Ceremony, come to
the
" Place appointed, where the whole Multitude Dance and Sing, and the
Conju*^ rers (who are the onely Prieftsthey have) fit in two rows oppofite to
one ano

(C

ther :

Ch^p. VIL - e4 M E'K^l C J. ^^i

<f ther; one oFtliem darting up^ takes a Boy by the Head, ties him Hand
and Foot
" chat he cannot ftir at all > which done, a lecond Sorcerer comes to
his affiftance
<f and with a fliarp-pointed Stick bores Holes through his Ears and
Lips, whileft

<* the Mother of the Boy makes a fad Lamentation. Women refufe to have
any
'^ familiarity with their Husbands as foon as they perceive themfelves
to be with
<' Child ; and as foon as any Woman is Deliver'd, (lie runs into a
neighboring
<^ Wood, where with a Shell (lie cuts off the Childs Navel, which
boylincr flie eats
" with the After-birth ; then waflies her felf and the. Child every
Morning and
" Evening in cold Water 5 as long as (he gives Suck her Husband lies not
with
" her, unlefs it be a Man that hath but one Wife, if a Woman commit
Adultery^
^'her Husband beats her out of his Houfe, but if he takes her in the Ad,
it is law" ful for him to kill both. In the middle of the King's Tent Hands a
great Calahaf?
" full of Stones call'd ^eJmturah, cover'd with the corner of a Mat,
which none
" dares approach without the King's leave, unlefs it be to fmoak the
fame with
*^ Tobacco, or to lay Venifon or Honey before it.
It is alfo remarkable how the Sorcerers deal with their Sick the
aforefaid Jacob strangeman(^hhi, an Eye-witnefs relates, That the King Draruxh being extreamly
troubled '^^ "sick"^
t 1 ' a- ^ Ji ^ r ^ 1 1 ^i mongft the
With pams m his bides and Legs, and hnding no help amongfthis Sorcerers,
who ^'P^)''^s.
pretended to be Phyj[icians,went to the neighboring King of the Tapuyans
jwhcre three
undertook to cure him, which they did after this manner : One of them
blew Tobacco-fmoak on his Body, fuck'd his Knees, roar'd like a Lyon, and after
much
ado vomited a little Eel- into his Hand, which he pretended had put the
King to
fo much painj whileftthefecond fuck'd his Belly, and alfo roar'd
exceedingly, and
vomited forth at lafta Stone, on which appear'd a Rofe. the third fuck'd
his left
Side, till he vomited fomething like a Root ; after which the King is
faid immediately to have recovered.
There is but little. Ceremony of Religion to be found amongfl the
lapuydjis, onely "^^"^ ^'^^iriT* 1o nil I >/ * J ing in honor
they mew Reverence to the Seven^ftars when the Fruits of the Field are
ripe, after ftheStan.
this manner : Firft they fpend three days in Dancing and Singing, then

the Youths
prepare themfelves to Fight with Lances and Clubs, tie tough Twigs about
their
Legs, pour Honey on their Heads, tie their Hair behind in Knots after it
is powder'd with red Powder, Paint their Faces and Bodies with feveral
Colours, ilick a
long Feather in their Necks betwixt their Hair, and on their Heads fet
Garlands of
red Feathers pleited, down their Backs hang Bundles of Branches like
Tails, and
have their Arms adorn'd with the Wings of the Bird K^o[etug ; thus
drcfs'd they
fight three days, at the end whereof the Conquerors iliew great joy. " .
It deferves fpecial obfervation what the Learned Gerard Vofim relates of
them
from the Mouth oi Chrijlopher Arctjfeusky^ a foUp^ Nobleman, famous for
his heroick
Exploits for the United Netherlands in 'Brafik,
*' Tht Ta^uyans .(faith he) are a People that range up and down, never
flaying Ardfeusk/s
" long in one place, between Siara and Meranthon^ a vaft Trad of Land,
and ctq, aL theManner
'^ moil naked, having onely a flight Covering about their Middle. When
the HoU Mamed""''
^^ landers ^2kVQ them Clothes, they admirM the ftrange Falliion thereof,
and after
*^ two days returned them again : In their Lips, Noirils, Ears and
Cheeks they '
" hung Ornamentals of Wood, Bones, Feathers, or Stones ^ a great Club,
and a
*' ftrong Bowe made of hard Wood ferve them for Arms y Gold and Silver
they
*' efteem'd not, whereforethey bartered whole Chefts full (buried there
by the ^or'^tuguefe and difcover'd by them) with the Hollanders for Greyhounds :
They judge
^** thenifelves to be better than other Man.eaters, becaufe they eat not
the Flelh of
" their Enemies, but of their own Relations, and thofe neither kill'd in
the Wars,
Zz 1

m-

nor

^Rgfl

Hi

iSSi

4P^

<Ji M E "Kl C A.

Chap. VIL

' not dying a natural Death -, by which they pretend to exprefs their
exceeding love
" to the Deceafed, who elfe would, fay they, be eaten by the Worms and
roC'
"^ vvherefore they rather chufe to eat them, that they may receive the
nouriflimenc
'^ themfelves.
The fame Author relates alfo, That he faw a Tapuyan yield up the Ghoft
not far
from the Caftle ^o Grande, ^hcr which his neareft Relations taking the
Body,
wafh'dthe fame, together with the Entrails, and cutting the Corps into
feveral
pieces, roafted the fame on a Spit, preferving the Fat that dropt from
it 'in Pans
and eat the Flefti with a greedy Appetite. None were admitted to this
Feaft but
his chief Relations j and that which they could not eat, as the Hair,
Teeth Nails
and Bones, they burnt to Afhes, which gathering up they mix'd with their
Liquor
till it was all drunk up.
ItZ%Z ^^^ Tapuyans acknowledge two Deities, the one good and the other
bad - to
the good they fliew no Reverence, becaufe, fay they, he is bountiful of
himfelf, and
doth them no hurt j whereas on the contrary they zealoufly call upon
their DevilDeity, becaufe they think he deftroys all thofe who worfliip him not.

They never Travel nor go to War before they have confulted with their
angry
God, and that not without great Ceremonies; whereupon they afcribe to
themfelves the knowledge of future things ; and indeed they often foretel
future things
which are beypnd humane apprehenfion ; as a teftimony whereof that may
ferve
which Sqm Jmcimay 3. Fyie^Lmd' Gentleman, found by experience : for he
keeping
Guard before Coujahu with a Troop of Horfe againft the ^ortuguefe, had
feveral Tapiyam in his Service, who foretold, That the following day the
Lkmcnam^mama
and a Trooper fliould be kill'd by a Shot from a great Gun ;
which,thouah flighted,
was confirnf d by the exaa fulfilling of the Predi^ion. The like
Paflages hapned
daily, and amongft many Jrcijfcusky relates one very remarkable
Accident, yi:^.
He remov'd a confiderable number of Men out of the Garrilbn (2^"o
Grande, to furprize the %?////? Voxt 'Barr a- Qan'mm, and nothing could more promote
the Defign
than fecrecy j but f^fty Taimyam having joynM with the HolLmders,
Jrciffemky fear'd
they

jatts.

Their fore
telling cf
things r.o
cjme.

^r^

Chap. VII. <il M E'^I C A. '

they might difcover his Plot, wherefore he charg'd chem thit they
fliouid no^ ftir a
foot fto hjs Company, which they accord.ngly prom.s'd, an Jhavtg I "
h'd
tT/T 1'7f- frT '"'^ '"'^ P"'"^''^ ''^^^ Devotion in oleTvit,
and Jrafusky defi. d that they would call him when their Devil appcar'd
whiTh

they granted, on ptom.fe that he fliould not do him any hurt : On the
third dav
the Army being fufficiencly refrefh'd, he being call'd, found the T.;, ^
, J
a Sem^C.rcle, wuh the.r Feet fpread afunder ; oppollte to them fat their
Prieft
on the Ground, whom they ask'd concerning all manner of Affairs, and he
queftiondthernagam, on whrch they gave their feveral Anfwers, but cduld not be
un.
derftood for want of Interprecers,for thofe whom the Hollanders us'd
fpake only two
and the^other by the fortu^uc/e, in which they Interpreted to the
Landers as much
as poffibly they could underftand of what the Tafuyans faid, whofe
Language dif.
fers very much from the vulgar Srafik Tongue, becaufe chey live up in
the Inland
and are drv.ded.ntod.vers Tribes, fo that the Interpreters couldLt
underftand
the Tapuj.ns, but judg d the.r meaning more by nodding of the Head, and
the like
figas: after the Alfembly had done fpeaking, thePr.el rofe up and went
out of
d.e.r fights .nto the Wood, where with a loud voice he call'd three
times upon the
Dev.l ; but he not anfwering, the Prieft return'd to his Company, who
began
the.r Queft,ons and Anfwers afreft, which could not be underftood by the
InL.
preters ., and foon after the Prieft (feeming to be commanded by the
reft) went
agamtotheWood.butcall,-ngftillinvain,return'd, then going a third time,
and
calhng as before, was by a fmall, but ftrill Voice, anfwer'd from the
middle of
the Wood, from which theT.^j., concluded that their Bufinefs would
come to
perfeftion, and that the Devil would foon appear to them: The Prieft
hereupon
going backwards and forwards three times one after another to his
Company
they begari to talk as before ; at laft going into the Wood again, they
all fpok;
louder, and w.th more vehemency than before, whileft the fore-mention'd
ftriU
Vo.ce approached nearer and nearer,and at laft the fuppofed 2)*,,, came
forth with
Zrcll'tlof ''T'"^''^ ^\y ^'^ "PP^fi^^ ^ ^^^ Congregation, which had
a great deal of D.fcourfe and fometimes the Prieft fpeaking was anfwer'd
by
he Dev.1 . h.s ftr.ll Vo.ce , but feme of the People calling aloud,
catch'd Jp
the.r Arms, and threatned to beat the Devil, as they often us'd to do

upon the like

occafions At the departure of the D^m, the Multitude conduced by the
Prieft
into the Wood, cry 'd out in fo terrible a manner, that they affrighted
the Hollan</... who judgd.t rather to be Lyons and Ty gets that roar'd than Men.
Durins.
thefe Tranfaa,ons, a G./-. Soldier in the Rere quitted his Arms and
fled, but
be.ng m.fs d was purfu'd, found in a Hedge, and laid Hold on as a Perfon
lufpeded
to^carry Advice to th. Sfamards, and being brought before Jrciffc^ky and
Examined gave fuch r.d.culous Anfwers as increas'd the fufpicion, infotmich
that hwasledtoaTreetobetortur'd; whereas he ftoodty'd he foleitmlydeclar'd.
That
the reafon of h.s running away, was becaufe he had not Pray'd in ten
years, fo that
he was exceedingly afraid, left when he faw the Devil amongft the
Tapuyans, he
Wretcher ""''" ""^ ""^''' ''' """'^ ' '^" ^^"'' ^"^'''^ f"^^" '"'^
The Learned Gerard Voprn made a particulat Enquiry after this Story,
whether ^^' i^?-the Sp.r.t s appearance were a Reality, or an Impofture , and the truth
Is it was no """
better than a fubt.Ie Cheat, and fo .t was apprehended by Jraffeu^ky,
who not Ion.
after, on a convenient time, ask'd the Tafuyans why they feign'd him to
be a Devil
that was a Man, whom he had often feen before ? which they denyins,
affir)
JLj Z 2

h-

^9^

AMERICA

Chap. vii.

tapuyan
Pncft

that it was a real Devil ; but Arc'tjfcuiky knew their pretended Friend,
who fpake fo
fliriU by reafon of a Grafs.blade which he held in his Mouth. However,
though
the main of the Fable was aded by Man, yet the Devil without doubt
play'd his
part with them, as appeat'd by thofe Predidions, which no Man could
poflfibly
knov/ VtK: That the fortuguefe Fort fliould with the lois but of three
Men fall into the Hollanders hands j for To accordingly it hapned. But becaufe the
Devil can^
not forefee all things, therefore they often erre : for they faid that
the Hollanders
fhould crofs the Moat on Boards nail'd together in ftead of a Bridge,
and that the
Enemy fhould not perceive it ; and indeed Arclffeusky had refolv'd fo to
do, but
was difcover'd by the <Portu^uefe, who defended themfelvcs with great
Guns, which
fo affrighted the Ta^uyans, not us'd to fuch a noife, that they ran away
and never
return'd fo that by Morning the Fort was conquered, and all things
quieted.
After 'this Jrcifusky burnt feveral fortu^uefe Ships in the River
Mongmafe, and
kept one,carrying ten Demi-Culverins, laden with Sugar and Spanijh Wine
j which
to carry to a fafe Harbor a Oiort Way, he required the Tapuyans
afliftancej but
they refus'd to enter, pretending the Ship would perifh by fome or other
unfortunate Accident, which accordingly hapned as they had faid ; for the Ship
was fplic
againfl aRock in the Mouth of a narrow Haven, infomuch that nothing of
it was
fav'd . all which the Tapuyans knew beforehand by the Devil's
information, for they
never'go upon any Bufinefs of confequence before they have eonfulted
with him,
and done him worfliip. Yet, it feenis, they cannot fecure this Devil of
theirs
A pieafant ftom the Stripes of a Mortal, as appears by this pleafant
Story : ATapuyan Prieft
fwe?n );V- was promise a Shirt from Jrcijfeusky, upon condition the
Devil fhould pull the
/..^,anda ^^^^^ ^^^ ^^ ^.^ Hand aud carry it up in the Air : The
Tapuyan liking the Propofal,

promis'd immediately to call the Devil ; but when Arcijfemky defir'd

leave to Drub
him with a Stick which he had in his Hand, he could by no means perfwadc
the Prieft to call for his Vamon ; at which every one began to laugh :
and to carry
on the Mirth farther, ^rn/e^^^ Joking with the Prieft, faid, I wtU flKl,
you that lam
a neater Art'tft than you, for to Morro-ii^ 1 wlU bring it about by my
Art, that great Horns [haU
grot, onyour Head, fo big, that you fhall not be able to pa/I thefe
Doors, which fo affrighted the Tapuyam, that all of them fled, onely the Prieft retutn'd
the next day
with an Interpreter to Arciffemky, defiring him that he would ufe him
mercifully,
and not caufe any Horns to grow on his Head.
At the time when Jacob %abhi conversed amongft the T^^^j^nj, they were
Govern'd by Janduy, a Man of above a hundred years old, whofe chief Seat
was on
each fide of the River Otfchunogh, and round about the Lake Igtug, in
which none
durft Swim, becaufe of the many biting Fifties in the fame.
The King 1^n>/g4^4 having entred into a ftrid League vikhjanduy, Warr'd
continually againft the Kings Arygpoygh, Wanafewafug, Tjhering, and
Vremenige and had
not the fortuguefe taken the four laft into their Service to aid them
againft the HoU
landers, they could never have held out long againft the Forces fent by
Janduy, who
deftroy'd Man, Beaft, and Houfes/paring nothing they met with for
they murther
and deftroy all things wheree're they come.
The feveral Nations that now poffefs ^rafile, befides its native
Inhabitants, arc
;';. fPortuguefe, EngUfl?, Hollanders, Germans, and French, which the
^rafilians by a general
Name call Ajuru^juha ; otherwife they call all Strangers Caraiba or
Tero. But from
the commixing of feveral Nations proceeds a fifth fort, for one that is
born of European Parents in ^rafde is call'd Mo^omho of an European Father and
'Brafiltan Mo.
ther, Mameluc . of an European Father and a Moor, Mulatto ; of a
^rafiUanand Moor,
CuriLa, or CaLles ; of two Hfgro's, Criolo. But above all others the
^ortuguefe are
' " the

Brajil* by

whom poffcfs'd at
Tent.

Vil. A M E%^1 t A,
die ftrongeft along the Sea-Coafi:, who when firft they began to fettle
on^rafik
found great refiftance j and had not the Natives been at Wars amonaft
themfelves'
they could never have got fo much footing, but now they are
fuffici^'ently Mafters '
for they have either flain all the old Inhabitants, or driven them up
into the Inland "
However, the <Bra[ilmis are fo valiant, that they will Encounter a great
Army being brought up in the Wars from their Cradle. When they Engage one with
anOther they (hoot their Arrows exceeding thick, Hooting, Hollowing, and
Leaping
from one fide to the other to fhun the Arrows with a wonderful dexterity
The
Conquerors fpare none, but kill all, and Feaft on the flain Bodies . but
fome they
hale away Prifoners with a Rope about their Necks, to each of whom they
allot
a young Maid, who cheriOies and fattens them up for five Moneths, at the
end of
which they make a great Feaft,and drink to a pitch beyond Senfe or
R^afon having
firft fiil'd their Bellies with the Flefli of the flain Prifoners
roafted. If the Woman
be got with Child by the Slain, they imagine that they can take no
greater revenue
of their Enemy, than to devour the Child as foon as it comes into the
World . but
It often happens, that the Woman really loving her Husband the Prifoner,
'runs
away with him, and fo bereaves her Friends of a Banquet.

49 J

Sect. II.
i
St. Vincent.

THe continual Wars which the <fortugm{e have maintain'd againft the

<B,artUms, have hindred them from Setling any where but along the Sea-fide
where their Refidences are divided into thirteen Pr^/.7m or Lordlhip/
by them call'd C.^,>,i . the Southermoft whereof being i. St. Vmcent,
hath a City
of the fame Denomination, which lies near a River that coming out of the
Ocean -"=^^
runs round in the Countrey, and fo returns into the Sea, vZ^l"'
2. Sanaoslos Leyes, which reckons four hundred Houfes and three SugaiMiUs
Here great Ships take in their Lading in the middle of the City.
3. Hkauhacin the moft Southern, is inhabited by the <Pormmfe. Twelve
Leagues from thence up into the Countrey the Jtfuits have built the
Villaee
St <P.uK near the Gold-Mines that lie in the Mountains, extending from
Eaft To
b.ted by r<,y?/,4 and a mix'd People ; the Way thither is troublefom,
over rough
Mountams, and Ways overgrown with Brambles.
On the inand mtioga, at a fandy Inlet which makes a good Harbor, lies a
Fort
for defence of the Haven St. Vmcent : and fince the E,glip, Mm 1581.
funk a Ship '
there, a fecond Fort hath been built to prevent the coming in up the
River- yet
notwithftandmg Captain Thomas Cand.Jl, ran by both the Forts, and burnt
SlfLcL
but Ipar d SanBos, '
Before the River which walTies St. Fntcent, appears the Ifland
Seiaftian, pretty
large, wooddy, and well ftor'd with Venifon . It hath wholfom Water,
good Her!
bagc, and a fecure Road for Ships againft all Winds.
Farther into the Sea appears the high and rocky iHes Alcatraces, as alio
morio
dcsBufms, <Porto des Ca/lellams, Monte de Fngo, Muella, and Queimadas.
^,^. N^"f 5 f St. Vmcent, which are in League with the fortuguefe,
are call'd ?!^'r
T^pmhnji mhab.tmg the Mountains which extend above twenty etht Leai^ues
up j^
.nto the Countrey : They maintain continual Wars againft the Qrles, a
civiliz'd '^""- "'
leople, and white of Complexion, as alfo againft the CfinlmLts on the
North.
sues

iV*

^^g / a M E'KIC A. Chap. VII.

and a namelefs People boraering on 'P^km. Moreover, the Uiramumtm, a
very wild
People, range all the Countrey over, but are much kffen'd fince the
fomguefes
Arrival.
Sect. III. ,,,
Rio de JaneirOo

Firft Dircovcry and Poffefion of Rj.9

de Janeiro.

THe fecond Lordfliip (^o de JaneirCy formerly by the French callM

Ganahara,
was difcoverM Jnm 151 5. by Juan Vm de Solts- but the French firft
Setled
themfelves here forty years after T>ias de Solis : for fetting Sail from
Havre
de Grace with three well Mann d Ships, Commanded by Kichola^ Vurandm
Vtlle.
wnon, they arrived at ^0 Janeiro in NoV^mkr, and at the Entrance into
the River,
which is about half a League broad, built a woodden Fort of a hundred
Foot long,
and fixty broad, and giving it the Name of the French Admiral CoU^m, put
feveral
Guns into the fame to fecure the Entrance, inclos'd on each fide by two
fteep Moun.
tains. In the Rivcr,which is very broad, lie feveral wooddy iHes, on one
of which,
near the Fort Q)ltgm, Vtlkgagnon Setling himfelf, fuffer'd great
Inconveniences for
wantof Watcr,becaufe hedurftnot Land on the Main,for fear of bemg
furpris'd by
the Natives. Here he ftay'd a year and a half in a deplorable Condition,
when
mii^ Corgulieray and Du^ont fet Sail with three Ships from the Haven
Honfleurs y
but they alfo^ though they had many Men, yet were ill ftor'd w.ith
Provifions, in
fomuch that Hunger increased amongft them daily ; wherefore Vilkgagmn

return d
home without any farther Exploits.
Jmi Lert, who went with Corgutleray, defcribes %io Janeiro after this
manner i
^eanierih^. <c Thc Iliver (faith he) lies twenty three Degrees Southward
of the EquinoHkl
Sr" ^^ Um . the Inlet of the Sea, twenty four thoufand Paces broad, and
in fome places
'' broader, is hemm'd in by hills 5 the Mouth of the Inlet is fomewhat
dangerous,
<' by reafon of three rocky Ifles ; beyond the large Bay is a narrow
Channel, on the
^'left.hand whereof there rifes a high Mountain, which the French call'd
Le
^' Tot de !Beute, becaufe it refembles a Butter-pot. Somewhat farther
lies the Rock
firmer, where Vtllegagnon thought to build a Fort, but the Water in
ftormy Wea" ther wafliing over the Rock,he was forc'd to give over his Defign.
Half a League
" farther is an iHand a thoufand Paces in length, and a hundred and
fifty in breadth,
furrounded with Rocks, on which the French refided : at each end of
the Ifle riles
'^aHill,and from the middle a Rock fixty Foot high ; on th tmWrdlegagnon
pitcht
his Tent till he had built him a handfom Houfe on a Rock- the other
Houfcs were
built in the Valley. Three Leagues and a half farther lies a fruitful
Ifle nine
^' Miles in circumference, inhabited by a falvage People callM
rouochmamhautt :
^^ there are feveral other Ifles, on which breed good Oyfters with
little Pearls,
which flick fo faft to great Stones, that they can fcarce be pluckt oft.
The River
'' J^weiro abounds with FiCh.
The French once pofl^efsM this Ifland, but were dilpofl-efs^d by Emanuel
de Sa,
Governor of !Br^/i/e, for the 'Po;t^e/e.
The City Scbajlian, which contains three hundred Houfes, is built on the
Southern Point of Janeiro ; oppofite to which, on the Northern Point, lies
the Fort;
a large Church, the Jefmts Cloyfter, and two Sugar.Mills, give no imall
luftre to
the City, where the chief Trade confifts in ^rafile Wood and Cotton. The
French
Storm-d'this Town Anno 1581. but march'd off without any fuccefs. mk
%uitcrs,
an Eye-witnefs, gives us this Defcription of Schafitan : . ^,

cc

cr

Towns and
Piacj? of
cbitf note.

MP

4
4

Chap. VI. ^ M EI^I C J.

,I-'?>^7"l ff^'^'c^ ''" '^ Leagues up the River >>, in. Bay about
"wh.ch K IS bu.hhke a Sem.-Circle in a fandy Soil along the Water .Z u
;; a Mile long , at each end rife fteep Mountl.ns, be file; whTcJ t'l^th
:i h^e";
Walls nor Gates; but its ftrength confiits of four Forts the chi. .T u c
', ftands towards the Eaft on a Rock i the Mouth of th Ri^ thet ^
<; wards the Weft an Ifle which on the South-Eaft rifes wifh a".!! tS^:
fe^"
blmg a Sugar.Loaf : the third crowns a Rock South.Eaft fron, the Town 3
' thefourth, ,n theNorth.Weft, a high Mountain. The Natives cJldr:
" namUn, are very ferviceable to the Ltu^uefe. ' '"""f"
Befides the fore-mention'd Towns Coli^ni and St. SdaftUn, fome make
mention
of another m th.s <Pr4eaun, call'd An^ra de los ^eyes, twelve La" es
diftant f
St.SebaJlianWeftwatd- V^ > ^""ve i^eagues diltant from
The- Burroughs of the Natives are populous, but neither ftmn. U xt
fort.fi-d, and fo not by any one though' worth; the nal; "^ '^ """""'
"^
Sect. IV.

De Spirito Sando.
N^frLlf htf" J" '''\^;'''"''P ' C-"'y ^^V'> S..0,, exceeding oe.,,,.
?Zt ' I. ^ 7" ^''' "''""''*"g ^"'^ Venifon. The Rivers t<^^^
f nn. J -^ ' ^'"""S^"' ^''^Z'^"'^'-'. f'-'''^^ and Guara^ari, are
ftor'd with all forts """""
of F.fi, and amongft others the Fifh f..i.fa, which^n the Winter M eth
uZ S^^
TV. n't"'.' T"'^ '^' '"'"'"" '""'^ ' '^^ R^k^ walh-d by the Ocean
Thjs F.n, hath a w,de Mouth full of Teeth, a reddifl, Tongue, little'pin
ex "
Here is alfo the Filh faru, full of yellow Scales like Half-Moons over a
black
5jyn ; K hath long Fins near the Tail, and a little Head.
thelVef irtfhl:!"''^ ''t""^^^^^^
cnc upper jaw reaching over the orhpr nnTf^f^t-u ^ t^ -i i- -i i . , '
rL r.- T .^ ^"^'^5 "o -l^^tnj a Tail divided in the midr^lp
ftarp Fins on the Back, and a Skin full of Silver-colour'd Prickles. Thi
Zlt
not one y devours great Filhes, but alfo Men ; when it is hungry it
often runs i
Snout through the fide of a Ship. ng yic oiten runs its
Fin: t f N \T-^ i ""derneath, and one on the top, a divided Tail, green
Fins, a fmooth Skin and fiery Eyes , as foon as it is taken it cries
like a Hog ^
!, A ''^'^^^"""^y "^"'J^ ^Town of the fame Denomination, which contains
two
hundred Houfes, a Sugar.M.U, and a Cloyfter of Jef.us, and drives a
great Tral
in Cotton and S../^fe Wood. Before the City lies an Inlet full of Ifles,
^he Mouth
ofwhichisguardedbyaCaftle. The Natives, call'd ^/.g..,, are in League wh
tfuTT^U u : ^"^"''"^ ""'^ ^W"""^-" ^ 'hemlu the mifchief hey can
"eople t e Wav "t t' ""T a"^ ^ ''''' '''^'^^ P^P'^- ^^ befides' thefa
mfeJltlJVT """^ ^''^^' ""'^ ^''^'' ^'P^'^'Iy " 'he Mountain
folrFoot ^".^"^^'he terrible Serpent Soi.uacu, whofe length is generally
twenty t. s,,./
white So ck 7 'Lt 't"^' ""^ "^^ ^"^ '""^'l "-k Spots, with a lictk
'-t*p of Tri ft} When hungry, it leaps out of the Hedges, or from the
topsofTrees, raifes It felf upright on its Tail, and winding about
either Man.
, , Beail^

i
..^H^

^p3 A M E'Kl C A. Chap.

Beaft or wliate*re it be, fqueezes it to death, or puts its Tail, which
ends in a fharp
Point or Sting, in at the Fundament in fuch a manner, that it kills the
Creature on
which it feizeth iti a moment, and then fwallows it up. This Serpent
hath ftrong
Ribs inwardly, and more than feventy bonie Joynts ., wherefore, it turns
it felf
with great eafe j the Joynt-bones near the Head are the biggeft, and
grow fmaller
and fmallcr towards the Tail : It alfo feeds on Pifmires.
This County alfo breeds the Bird Jahicu-guacu, which exceeds the Crane
in bignefs, and hath a long thick Bill, but no Tongue; on his Head appears a
white grifly
Creft or Mitre ; the Wings and Tail are fliort, and the Feathers moft of
them white,
except the Pinions, which fliine like Rubies ; their Flefli is of a good
rellifii, but
fomewhatdry.
Near the River which waflies the City 5^fWraS4ffo, thtfaraihes dwell in
Huts,
not unlike Ovens.
Sect. V*

The Bird fa

Porto Seguro.

Defeription
of Porto Se'
gmo.

i
t

1
i
<

E3tt to the fore-mention*d County borders 'Porto Secure, d ifcover'd by

JP^^fro
Alvares Capralisy who gave this Countrcy the Name of Terra de Santa
Crui^y jj^
but afterward s.chang'd itto forto Seguro, becaufe he found a fecure
Harbor
there. The Town, built on the top of a white Rock, gives its
Denomination to
the whole Countrey, and harbor'd long fince two hundred and twenty
Families,
and hath five Sugar-Mills. The Land on the North fide of the Rock
rifeshigh,but
Southwardly a fmooth Coaft runs along the Ocean, from which two Leagues
off
at Sea lie feveral Cliffs, againft which the Waves break with a great
force.
The Towns Santa Q-ui:^ and Amaro are lefi:derolate, becaufe the
<Portuguefe were
continually Invaded by the falvage Aymuns, whom they were not able by
any |
means to reprefs. ' ^
Southward from forto Seguro appear the Shoals Jbrolhos, twenty {\x
Leagues from
the Coaft j they arc of one breadth, but one is longer than the other.
Remaicabie Qu thIs Coaft the Ship Batavia was caft away Jnno 1629. which
Accident is the
7h^pBaLlil more remakable for the Murders committed by the Fa6tor,
Hieronymm Cornelif"

^oon, who with fome Confederates refolv'd to run away with the Ship, and
to Sail
to fome Spanifh Haven, or Dunkirk, and fo to pillage the Netherland
Veflels 5 but their
Defign was fruftrated by the Ships running againft the Jbrolhos : Franch
fel/aert,
chief Commander, firft caus'd the Sick, with the Women and Children, to
be put
onanlfland, or elfe on two Rocks about three Leagues diftant from the
place
where the Ship lay, in which remain'd feventy Men, whom felfaert in vain
endeavorM to carry away j for the Sea was fo rough that a Boat was not able
to abide
in the fame, and alfo the Storm beginning to increafe, beat the Ship
more and more
againft the Sands, and the Seamen venturing towards the Ifle on pieces
of Timber,
were fome drown'd, others by the Waves,were driven afliore, amongft whom
was
Hierotiymm Cornelf:^Qon, who preferv'd his Life twenty four hours on the
Boltfprit
after the Ship was ftav'd ^ but not terrifi'd with fuch an Accident, he
continued in
his fore-mention d Refolution. On one of the Cliffs were forty Perfons
with
eighty Cans of Water, but on the Ifland a hundred and eighty with much
lefs ; ^
upon which Telfaert, who when the Storm ceas'd, thought to fave fomewhat
more
r'^it of his Wrack, was neceflitated to feek for frefh Water on one of
the faid Cliffs,
but not finding enough,trimm*d up his Boat and fet Sail homeward, from
thence to
fetch

ipll' '

Chap. VII.

A M E K I C A,

-- -Ai

fetch anew fupply of Pcop e : Dunng which time ComeUsf^oon perform'd his
Vi- -,.
lany ; for he chofe B.v.d of Zeevan., Gysbncht WcUmn, Coenraei Huiffen,
Cornelis Tie. S.^^'
tcrf^oon,^ut^erFnder,ckf^oon, and Hans Heilmrk, for his Afliftants,
befides feveral
others, and deftroy'd all the People on the Ifland, except five, who
efcap'd on pie.
ces of Timber to the Rock where JVeykr Hays refided with forty Men. who
bein-r
laform d what the aforefaid Villains had done, prepar'd for refiftance
with fharopomt^d St cks,thofe People on the fecond Rock being alfoflain by 2..W,
who
fpated onely forne Women and feven Boys ., after which Heroymu. Qmelifin
took
Lucreua Jans for h.s W.fe ; a, hke manner Huijfen took Judith
Seiaft.aens ., the remain,
ing Women ferv d the reft for Concubines. Not long after twenty of them
goin.
in Sloops, fell upon Wakr Hays, who valiantly refifted them : but
becaufe Ha,^
L.fe was of great confequence, by reafon he might give notice of their
Anions to
to the Ship which was expeded from Holland, and which they defign'd to
run awav
with, therefore they renew'd their Affauk with fifteen Men more, and
were again
beat off; wherefore they refolv'd to make a Peace, which Heronym^
CorneliLon
promis d to ratifie the next day ; neverthelefs this Peace was but
feigned for
under pretence thereof they deliver'd Letters to feveral French Soldiers
chat were
under HaysS Command, promifing each fix thoufand Guilders if they would
iovn
with them ; but they fliew'd the Letters to Hays, who keeping i: feaet,
that he
inight draw on Heronymus Qormlif^oon, not miftrufting the Difcovery to
come thi
ther at the appointed time, took him Prifoner, and caus'd ZeeVan,

Hu.ffen Weideren, and Cornetis fieterf^oon to be put to death ; but Womer Lm making
hi efcape
was chofen chief of the Rebels, who ventur'd a fourth Alfault, but
returning wifh '
out any effea left off making any farther Attempt. Mean while (Pelfaert
arriving
With the Sardam Frigat from Holland, fent a Boat afliore, which by a
little SHff
difpatcht by Hays, was inform'd of all the Paffages ; whereupon the Boat
recumng, <PelJaert as he was putting himfeif into a pofture of Defence,
efpy'd a Sloop co.mg about the Southern Point of the Ifiand, in which were eleven of the
Rebels
:lad in Scarlet with Silver Lace, which making direftly towards the
Ship, as foon

as

foo

a M E "Kl C A,

Chap. VIL

The Biaft

The Tapiirete

Five forts of
Rabbets in
Brnfih.

The Tree
lucum.

as tlicy came up, were commanded to throw away their Arms over^board j
which
having done, and coming aboard the Frigat, they were all put in Irons,
as alfo
their remaining Party, and condemned to die.
Oppofitecothe Jbrolhos on the Main Coaft, a plain Countrey extends it
felf
thirty Leagues in length, inhabited by the Ouetacates, a cruel People,
who continually either deftroy one another, or elfe make fad (laughters amongft
their Neighbors.
The County ^orto Seguro belongs to the %i/?; Duke oi Jyero, but is very
much
decayed.
The Rivers A/owcw^i^^ C^ruVelas, andLcr, breed abundance of WaterHogs
call'dGfjW4, which have fliort Feet, Briftles and Ears, a thick Body and
Head,
with a bearded Snout, befides two Tusks, and twenty four lefler Teeth in
each
Jaw, but no Tail ;" they feed on Grafs and Buflies in whole Herds on the
Shore,
and make a terrible noife j and though they cannot run faft, yet they
dive and
fwim extraordinary quick. '
The T^piime alfo refembles a Hog, cfpecially in its Head and Feet, but
is as big as
a Heifer of fix Moneths old, hath a Snout hanging over its under Lip, a
Mouth full
of Teeth, and on its Skin fliort and dark colour'd Hair. This Beaft is
very libidi- 4
nous, and in the Nights fpoils the Fruit-Trees, cfpecially the SugarCanes, but in
the Daytimeit deeps in Thickets. The Flefh of a young Tafiierete taftes
like
Beef.
Laftly, the Inhabitants of Porto Se^wro are plentifully fupply'd with
Rabbets,
%and the more, bccaufe there being divers forts of them, (fome lay five)
they are ta.
ken in great abundance, either m Traps, Snairs, or Gins, or by
difcovering their
Holes ; for the Hunters flopping the entrance of them, dig aHolediredly
over the

glace where the Coneys lodge, and fo kill them with long Pike-ftaves in
the
tround.
Oftheft five forts of Rabbets in^rafile, the chiefeft, cdWAfaca^ hath a
thick
Head, lictle\Ears, their fore-Feet bigger than their hind^Fcet, fhort,
hard,and brown
Hair,Vpeckled grey on the Sides, but no Tail : The Flefli of this fore
of Rabbets
is very delicate.
The fecond fort is the Ju^efi, which being like a Hare amongft us, may
as well
be accounted of that kind.
The AguU refembles our Rabbets, onely it hath harfli brown Hair, round
Ears,
bald Eeet, gruntles like a Hog, hath two Toes more on their hind^Legs
than on
the foremoft.
The CaVia Cobaya, though lefs than the European Rabbets, excell them in
foft
and divers-colour'd Hair, diftinguifli'd by white, red, and black
Spots ; their Head
and Teeth referable thofe of a Rat, but it hath no Tail : No Rabbets can
be made
tamer than thefe, and if carry'd to any remote Countrey, breed as well
there as in
'Brafik
The laft of all is the A^area, which differs little in running from a
Hare, as alfo
in refpca'of the Head and Beard, harbors more in rent Cliffs than in
fandy
Ground.
The Soil of forto Seguro bears two forts of Palm:=Trecs, vi^. the Tucum
and A'lri j
the Tucum hath fmall Boughs full of prickly Leaves, and a fruit not
unlike the Da*
mask Prune,hanging in Clufters of three or four hundred together^and
being excelr,
lent Food to fatten Hogs and Apes ; alfo when prefs'd yielding a clear
Oyl, which
is highly efteem'd : the Fruit when ripe grows black without, and within
hath a

white Kernel : of the Leaves the 'Brafilians fpin fine and ftrongThred.
The

Cliap. Vlh

^ M E'F^I C J,

501

jjaj

The Bird
Ceeoi.

The Alri grows much higher than the rucum, and hath alfo longer Leaves,
a
Body full of fliarp Thorns, and a round Fruit full of white and oylie
Pulp, but not
eatable 5 the Wood hard, heavy and black, finks in the Water, and the
hrafdians
make their Clubs of the fame.
Along the Rivers flie the Birds Cocoi, refembling Herons, though in
beauty they
far exceed them ; they have but little Flefli, long fliarp Bills, of a
yeliowifli green
colour, and curious Crefts of Feathers on their Heads, which fall back
over their
Necks J their Flefli when young is delicate.
S E c T. VI.
Los Ifleos.

NExt fortoSe^uro borders the Countrey LosIJleos, fo calFd from its chief
^''"''''""^<^
Town, which confifts of a hundred and fifty Hoiifes, (or perhaps by
this''^^"'^^^'^""
time many more) eight Sugar-MiUs, a Cloyftef for the ij, and a
Church. The Inhabitants live by Tillage, and Tranfporting of Provifions

in lit-,
tie Barks to Ternamhuco,
Seven Leagues farther in the Countrey , beyond the Town of Jjleos, lies
a
namelefs Lake three Leagues long, as many broad, and above ten Fathom
deep,
and full of the Fifli Manati, which are very large and well tailed,
befides abundance
of Crocodiles 5 and in windy Weather the Water is as rough as if it were
in the
Ocean. Out of this Lake flows a River by a Paflage fo narrow, that a
Boat can
fcatce pafs through the fame.
Round about this River live the Guaymures, the mofi: falvage People of
all Jme-^
rica ; they are of a Gigantick fize, have white Skins, carry exceeding
great Bowes
and Arrows, live without Houfes like Beafts,devour Mans.flefli like
Tyaers,never ^
Fight in Companies or Armies, but watch to furprize a fingle Man or
Beaft'j they
ilfo eat their own Children, and poflefs'd formerly all the Land from
the River
A a a St. Vrm-

^<'>,

^^^ AMERICA Chap. VIL

St. Vranc'tko to the Promontory Vm j but beaten from thence by the
Tupinajnhas and
Ttipmachta^, they went to the County Los IJlm, which they Invaded in
iuch a manner that the 'Porf^/^we/e were not onely forced to leave feveral SugarMills, but alfo
the whole Countrey. .
Sect. VII.

Situation and
Defcripuon

of Tedos los
Sanllos.

,-'->

Bahia de Todos los Sandos.

Ext to Jjleos borders T>ahia de Todos los SanSlos, belonging to the
Tortu^uefe.
The Inlet which borrows its Denomination from all the Saints, gives
Name to this eminent County. The Bay great and wide, and in the
middle from twelve to eighteen Fathom deep, lies in thirteen Degrees
Southward .
of the EquinoSiial Line. The Coaft rifes white along the Sea fide. The
Current according to the courfe of the Sun runs fix Moneths towards the South, and
as many
towards the North. The opening of the Inlet is on the South,but it flows
up Northerly , and contains two Leagues and a half in breadth feveral frcfli
Rivers difcharge their Waters into the fame : The utmoft and biggeft Ifland
laperica breaks
off the Waves which come rowling in from the Ocean. Thofc that Sail into
the
fame muft have the Ifland on their left Hand, and the Main Coafl: on
their right,
which is known by a Promontory, on which the Fort Monio, and the old
City
Villa feja are built, near a little Bay with a Foreland on the North,
from which the
Main Coafl: circling like a Half-Moon ends near the ?omt Tapa^ipe, which
juts
out from ^ahia Todos los SanBos. The Cafl:le Tapefiepe ftands on the
utmoft Point,.
where the Countrey winding towards the Eaft makes the Inlet larger, from
whence a narrow Channel runs up into the Countrey, and there makes a
Lake
which extends North and South ; from the Mouth of the Lake the Coaft
reaches
Northward to the River fitanga, which comes gliding out of the Eaft, and
in its
Paflage receives feveral Streams, on whofe Banks ftand divers SugarMills. From
fitanga the Coaft extends a League Northward, then Wefterly with a
crooked
Elbow, in whofe circumference lie two namelefs Ifles clofe under the
Shore j this

Elbow ends in a blunt Point, about half a League from which lies the
Ifland Mare,
a League long, in the Mouth of the River fitanga. To the Northward from
hence
a River difembogues in the faid Inlet. More Southerly appears Monks-Ip,
from
whence the Coaft extends it felf Northerly, where feveral Iflands appear
at an
exaadiflance from the Coaft ^ the firft beyond the fore-mention'd blunt
Point,
is^irapebtara ; the next, which lies clofer to the Shore, forto Madero j
next comes in
view a long 'ifland in the Mouth of a River, from whence the Countrey
extends
Weflward, and fronts the Ifland De Fue?ites, as doth alfo the River
Tambaria, which
comes out'of the North, but empties it felf with a crooked Arm near the
reft from
hence the Coaft with two little Bays runs North-Weft to the Stream
Gerefipe, in
whofe Mouth,which is pretty large,appear three Ifles on a row, the
utmoft whereof
is caird Qaraihe, the middlemoft f)cca, the innermoft hath noName, but
divides
the River into two Channels ; from hence the Coaft bends with feveral
Inlets, into which fall divers Rivulets towards the South, from the River
Cachoera, full of little Ifles, oppofite to which ftand feveral Sugar-Mills. Againft Cadoera
appears the
Ifland Mevc, and more Southerly Taperka, between the fharp Point Tapappe
and
the Caftle Antonio. Near the fore-mention'd the City St. Salvador was
built by T7;omas de Sofa, who weighing Anchor from Lisbon, Anno 1549. Landed fafely
neat
Vtlk Veja, and about half a League from thence pitch'd upon a HUl,and
took order
forthwith

i3fv^-;.'

..--i-*-s*i^i!ifc:-si,.~.\-*, '

v/

1 /

55

A . 'XJ-r3s S . Salviiiorts .
C . Ca/trum S. .Varia .
D . Caftrum S, DtJiUt ,
E . Simaeflus tormentora el mas corruUurrv/titiiriJ'
I* , Caftru^m 'Ho/aruc .
G . Ca/b-um. S. Petri .
'Si.Ca/lruM. S. Tlilippi. ->
I . CaflrtLm. S . CBiirtAoIem<t J ^
K . Stttio et SwMeJbts tvrmeaiorum. comth.
. Jiiwes c^ujenja yriu
"^Infuia. Taeruaj 7'
. Su^^cfbis tormtn.tartu.s coUa^us .

i'tcfa-

towers a
mds the
pre Juan
1 Emanud
[;vcllingp Teach
lice to a
!5 came
! Neigh(
Vut little
\lU Veja^

ere run
f faripe
Imilies,
imiy of
iudion
'iin-<

ra^ fbrs
the falcaos'd
fs mifn'd by
I clayie '^''- mamrr
^ of Planting
4ands, Sugar-canes
\i their
, into
lother,
han ia
lat the
e they
loilin
ire aca
PvOOt
ill the
ill the
'.' dries
round
years,
;orehc
)und ;
'00 ng'
o
e r Oi's The Worm '

-^ Giiiiapeaiop.t
-.ancs

ants =

di

ore

"^m.

''^

i$$m

/.;'

.^^?aK ^i'

^:'M

l*>-4.v ..- tfiitoj.- ^'^,^: ""

.-^7:'Z?V

503

Cliap.^VIL A M E R I C A.
forthwith for theereaingdfhis new City there, giving to each of his
Followers a
place to build on : the Jefuits chofe the large Plain where at prefent
Hands the
Church Confecrated to the Virgin Mary ; the Names of the faid- Jefuits
were Juan
A^j^'dcuetay Antonio fireoj Leonardo Nomiio, 'Didaco Jacoheo^ Vincentio
(!{oderi^Oy and Emanuel
'Hobrega 5 whilell the common People fet themfelves to the biiildina of
Dwellinghoufes : But when John the Third, King o^ Portugal, fent a Prieil
thither to Teach '
in the new Church o^ Maria, the fore-men tion'dy^/w>i remov'd from
thence to a
high Hill^ which they call'd Tlje Mountain Caharienj whither divers
:BrWi/w/25 came
flocking, and pitch'd their Tents about the Cloyfter;, admiring their
Hranae Nei?h
ors.
When Sofa Landed on the fore-mention'd Shore, the Tortuguefe had but
little
footing on America-^ for their Plantations at Ifleos, St. Vincent,

^ernamhuco, Villa Veja,

Itamaraca^ and forto Seguro, difcover'd by ^edro Jlvares Capralis, Anno
1500. were run
all to mine.
Befide the City St. Salvador and the decayed Town Villa Veja, the City
fari^e
lies three Leagues farther into the Countrey, confining of three
thoufand Families,
and eighteen Sugar-Mills; The Countrey about the fame produces plenty of
Cotton.
The Ifland Taperica, which is pretty large, hath a fertile Soil for the
produdion
of Tobacco, and Grafs to fatten Cattel : The Inhabitants boyl much
Train-Oyl
of the Whales, which come afliore there in confiderable numbers.
Twelve Leagues Southward from St. Salvador appears the Village
Cacocheira, for*
merly belonging to a rich fortuguefe, who took great pains in reformioo
the lal~
\ x^c ? co^h Guaymures to a civil Life ; but feeing he profited but
little, he caus'd
great Companies of them to be remov'd to T^j^mV^, that they might do
lefs mifchief, where the unufual and unwholfom Air kiird them all in a (Iiort
time.
The Lordfliip !Bahia hath abundance of Sugar^Mills, which are either
turn'd by
the Water, or drawn by Oxen.
The Sugar-Canes, by the Braftlians calVd Viba or Tacomaree.a row better
in a clayie The mai:r
and fat Soil, over which the Rivers flowing leave their Mud, than on
Highlands, ?uJaSanes
Hills, or Mountains . they are Planted after this manner : They firfl
plough their
Fields, weed them, and make Holes at an exad diflrance one from
the^other, into
which they plant their Canes in fuch a manner, that the tops touch one
another.
The Holes before mention'd require more Earth to fill them in Summer
than ia
Winter, that the violent Heat of the Sun may not dry up the Root, and
that the
Rain may the freelier come at them to moiften them, for the more
moillure they
have, the better they grow 5 they attain to their full ripenefs in ten,
oracmoftin
twelve Moneths ; February and March being the twolaft Winter Moneths,
are ac=
counted the beft to Plant in, becaufe the Earth foftned by Rains,
fuffers the Root
to (boot forth the better. The ripe Canes being cut off, are left in the
Field till the

following Year 5 during which time new Canes growing, are often ground
in the
Mill with the old ones ^ but if they ftand two years, then the fweet
Liquor dries
up, and the Cane withers. The young Plants carefully planted in good
Ground
may lafl: forty, nay fifty years ; but in a barren Soil they fet new
every five years.
Sometimes in great Droughts and extraordinary hot Seafons, the Canes are
fcorchc
to nothing, which being burnt in the Winter, the AOies ferveto Dung the
Ground
and fo in like manner when the Water, overflowing the Fields, drow^ns
the young
Plants. In moift Grounds the black winged Worm, called Ouirapeacopa,
(by the fo!^. The wonn '
tuguefen&m'd^PaodeGaleubay ^na.vjsthQ Roots in fuch a manner, that the
Canes '''"'"'^'"''^'
die 5 and fometimes it happens alfo that the Weeds choak the yoiiog
Plants ^
Aaa 2 wherefore

,04.

<iJ M E %! C A

Chap^ VII.

The manner
of making
Sugar in the
Sugar-Miils.

wherefore the Ground is to be weeded four times a year, till fuch time
as the Canes
are ftrong enough to bear againft the Weeds : they cut off the ripe
Canes at the
lowermoft Joynt, and, all the Leaves being firft pull'd off, tie them up
in Bundles
and bring them to the Mills^, which confift of three great Iron Bars,
between

which the Canes are fqueez'd. The Water-Mills are turn'd by the force of
the Water, which in great Gutters led from high Mountains falls with exceeding
force in
to Pools made for that purpofe j after wtiich manner, though they wind
the Canes
much fafter, yet they gemot fo much Sugar as when they grind them in the
Mills
turn'd by Cattel : The places through which the Juice runs mull be
cleans'd twice
in twenty four hours; the Canes put in behind between the firft Bar, are
turn'd
into the fecond, and thence into the third, which fucceilively fqueezes
out all the
remaining Juice : The Canes thus prefs'd, ferve for Fewel to burn ; but
they conftantly keep fuch a great Fire both Night and Day, thatbefidesthofe
prefs'd Canes
they burn forty Fathom of Wood in twenty four hours, infomuch that whole
Woods arc confum'd in a iliort time : The Liquor, nam'd Caldo, runs
along woodden Gutters into great Kettles, in which it is boyrd, but if it happen
to be overboyl'd they put Water amongft it, whereby it becomes excellent Food for
Horfes then they put the Liquor into a fecond Kettle, where ic is Levrj afrefh,
and alfo
fcumm'd ^ and for the better cleanfing of it, Lime-Juyce and other
things arc put
amongft it ^ then they ftrein it through Clothes, and give the Drofs
which remains
in the lame to the Slaves, v/hich work for half a year together Ni?ht
and Day like
Hories. The Drofs mix'd with Water makes alfo g6od Wine, Out of the
great
Kettles, by the ^ortuguefz call'd Caldero de Mellarj the Caldo runs into
the lefler nam'd
Tachasj where it is boyl'd a third time, and continually ftirr'd till it
comes to be
thick like a Syrrup, and at laft to the confiftence of Sugar : It may be
accounted
amongft the Myfteries of Nature, that while the Sugar boyls in the
Tachas, which
are the little Kettles, they muft drop Oyl amongft the Liquor, which if
they fhould
do whileft it is in the great Kettel, the Liquor would not turn to the
confiftence of
Sugar J as on the contrary, if they fliouldput their Lye into the little
Kettles as they
do

fOff

^(Iggjglggggj^

ill

ii

^e:^o

505

oufes
oles .
ait of
id to

long Defcripnon

of Fern am'
C l>uco.

hern
: una

lOm Several fom

i of Fifh.
Y no
edi-

:h

iney

^5
5 to

I in
ices
lian
her
[ler Firft Difco.
vcryl
Dre
its,
/as
nd
to
lid

ye Chief To^vns
and Places of
Cn note,
2,
S.
d

[=

ninjgii

f^

Cliap. VIL ^ M E\^I C A.

^o into the great, the Liquor would be quite fnoird In rU n r- r .
HandfeveraUundredsofWthea Vo. 2^^, Ztt o:^^^^^ ^luf'
whichPots they cover wuh rnoifl da,, and aLr fourteeTd! T^ l^ t^^^^^
the Pots, they feparate the brown Sugar from the white, bo'h wh Zr iTid
dry m the Sun, and put into Chefts. ^^^^

"^^5

to

Sect. VIIL
Pernambuco.
N'OrthwardfroniSrf/;/rfJgToJof /oi5d72^flcl,>cfP^.. t l- t , .
r^. r- /I 1 r odwcm lies Teniambuco^which extends aloncr n r the Coait above feventv T pofrM..c u^. ^. ^ *'"*J^*tAong Defcripnon
Councrey of aJrr
Jj-i^nhuco which
Northern
Ocean , , which
lef. K be cut to

^ ' """ ^*^^ ^-er &. F/.and che tr^

fignifies a&.ii/,, i, ,he Eaft waft'd by the
grows a Weed much like an Oaken Leaf and fn 1 \ ?"''""
make their Way, impedes the Sarlin of sJ^ ^'"'' ^'^ ""'

The Sea is alfo very full of Fifii, which in calm Weather are vifible
fi.tv v .U
deep, and are taken in greater abundance than they are able o f end Z fh
--'"'
fooner let down a Bait, cover'd with Feather, Ja t ir X^^"'^ ' '^' ^^^J
"<>
ately fwallowing the fame, J.IZ ^'""' ''" '''^ "'"^ '""'=':
arereL^:i:J:tiiS::^^^^^^^^^^^
Tk.. tr 1 , "^^ ^"""^^^ goo^ ^gainft the Stone.
4 ^--nfl^o:l:rd\:'';faf7bVarott^^^^^^ t^--':
efc^pe by flight out of the Water, they Lcome a pre t ^e st'pils '"^""^
''
IheSeaareamsareaswelltaftedasrheflvmJpfu l x. ^

in Salt, or fluffthem within fulltft, and Sfra;; f: W tT '"^'^ ''^"

the Sun. "^PP^ij and lo hang them to dry in
(Pera^mfco it felf lying in five Degrees South eu,,^ f l r^ .
abundance of Srafik Wood and Sug ianes Xh T ^"""' P"''""'
call'd !P,.W, which he found full nft '''\^*'^' !^^'^^ ''^ ^as
inform'd was
in Tome places p'lains and pltf t y 1 e^I^tr h " ^'^^' '"^^
lade hi.Ship with, was Zfile WoolZl b t f ; ^^ '^ ^""''^ ^""^ ^
bear Sugar Canes he caus'dU, Sugar'^Ln':;;! Be S^ htrf ^^ ''' ''' ""^'
:Hreeto:r:;rH!rufe:a::i'ts;j t:::uTt\ r ^^?^ - ^^^-^ ^^-^ ^s^?--
on the North-fide are fteen InT ^ ^"g^'M.lls It is bu.lt on feveral
Hills, which """'"
ny places grow Or nge.Tree ITT ri'' f ^'''' ^ ''"--t wh.ch'in mafound a few NethnS^Z',! ^T^' ^'^ ^"'^''^ ^^ ^'Ma Anno 164..
TL T !-/^ ^"d5/i<JH(Wi there, who d weir in ,!, .j ,, ?
The Land.fide of the City is arL.,U a u LtZ " """ '^ Houfes.
Thorns, and toward th Sea fl^ , . V'^^' vergrown with Bran^.bles and
Warksa^daStonTc^afte abet S r'^"^"^' ^"'^"^ "^^ ^^ B"''
-wards the Soutl wt;^ ^^^'t^^^ /^J ^^''^^^ = The Out wo.ks
iUDyjn>j, who from the fore^niention^d Hills
> couJd

note.

5^^ J M E'Kl C A, Chap. VIl.

could fee not onely a great way into the Ocean, but alio the River
3iherihi, which
hath a Stone Bridge leadingto the City.and Northerly and Weftward the
Way lies
throucrh areat Woods and Forrefts. Oiinda it felF is divided into twenty
feven large
Street's, befides leiTer Lanes and fevcral Avenues^ and five chief
Churches, vi^.
Uifericordia, Hpflra Sennora del Em^arOy and ?(pjlra Sennora de
Guadalupe, San Salvador,
andS^nWro, befides two others of leiTer note. On the higheft Hill (lands
the Je.
/witsCloyfter, built fquare and high, and furrounded with Walls, on
which Sehaft'ian King o^^ortvgal, by the periwafionof his Uncle Cardinal Henry^
fpent a great

fum of Money, and endow'd it with annual Revenues, Anno 1571. The
Capuchins
alfo built a (lately Cloydcr towards the Eaft. The Francijcans moreover
inhabited
a magnificent Building, near which ftood the Governors Palace. The
CanneUtes
had alfo. a (lately Edifice, whofe former luftre dill appears by the
Ruines, where
now Cattel graze j from the Hills about which may be cxadly difcernM
^^ciffa, the
Promontory oi' Sl Juguftm,znd the Callle before the Road of (Z^ea/^ :
Along the
Shore (lood the Dominican Cloyder, and in the upper part of the City the
Miniler,
Confecrated to St. Sento, exceeding (Irong both by Nature and Art ; near
which
(lood Qonceptio de nop a Sennora, The Voxt Juan de Albuquerque ftood on
the Southfide, from whence a Way leads you along the Shore to (2^ea/.t, where
hard by the
Potter's Houfe ftood a Beacon. But fince Olmda fell into the hands of
the JSletherland Eafi'lndia Company, they built a ftrong Fortrefs on the North near
the Seafide, where formerly a great Trade was driven with Sugar, infomuch that
forty
Ships have been fraighted in a day therewith from Olmda, and ftillas
much more
remained in the Store-houfes. Tne Sugar cannot be made without the help
of
African Slaves, and that in great numbers j 'for Angola alone provided
fifteen thoufand four hundred and thirty Moors for the Sugar-Mills about Ol'md^,
In the Yearsi6oi,i6o2, andi62^. there was Tent to fiirprize this City
Henrtck
Loncque, who a little before with feter feterszoon Bein took the
Spaniflj Plate.Fleet,
The Expedi. and brought It away from Matanca, In the middle of y^,
Anno 1629. Loncquc
weighed Anchor from the Goerean Road, and between great Canary and
Teneriffhc
was Engag d (having but eight Sail) with forty Spanip^ Ships, Commanded
by Pre-derick de Toledo, fought his way through the midft of them, and near St.
Vmcent (the
reft of his Fleet being come up to him, which in all made up twenty
feven) he
ftayM fot a farther promised Supply of Ships to affift him, and the
longer, becaufe
the Men raisM by the ]>{etherknd WeftJndia Company weretaken into the
States Service, to oppofe the 5p^m); and Imperial Forces, who at that time had
gain'd fome
advantage upon them : But not long after Bartogm^hofchhzm^ taken by the
HoU
landers, the reftof the expeded Fleet, with the promised Aid, arrivM at

St. Vincent
from whence Loncque, after four Moneths ftay, fet Sail with thefe
additional Forces,
his Fleet then confifting of fifty Sail of Ships, which carr/d above
feven thoufatid
Soldiers, befides Seamen-, but he was foic'd to lie a confiderable time
under the
Line, beina either becalm'd or beaten back by contrary Winds, infomuch
that manv of his Men periOi'd, or were difabled with the Scurvey : Atiafthis
Fleetbeing
come to an Anchor upon the Coaft of fernamhuco, the firft that Landed
about two
Leagues Northward o^ Oiinda, was Colonel Diedenkyan IVaerdenherg, who by
Day*
break divided his Men into three Divifions, the Forlorn-Hope confifting
of nine
hundred and thirty four Men, march'd towards OUnda along the Shore, led
by Jdolf
yan der Elt^^^ the fecond being a thoufand and forty nine, by Stein Call
en f els the
third, confifting of nine hundred and fixty five, was led by Fouke
Bonx : thus
drawn out,and marching on,they met with no refiftance till they came to
the River
Dolce, where ei-ht hundred Tortuguefc Charg'd on them from behind a new
Sconce j

tionof Lenc
2

Chap. VIL ^f M E "R^ I C A ^ 50'

but V/aenlcnherg vvading up to the Middle through the River with two
Field.Pieces,
the Enemy leFc his Works and ran into the Wood ; the forlorn=Hope
approaching the City^ march'd up towards the right fide, up a Way through the
Woods,
Scal'd the Walls, near which the Jejuits Cloyiler Hood, over which he
got after fome
refiftance. The fecond Party march'd in a narrow Path along the Shore,
and o/.w, ,,,e
broke into the City between the Francifcans and Jefults Cloyfter,
towards the Cathe. w?'/"'"
dral Salvador, from whence they difcharg'd feveral Guns, as alfo from
the Caftle
which they had taken, whilefl Fouke Honx Storm'd the Battlements towards
the
South ; but Stein Qallenfels and Elt:^ being already Mailers ofOlmda,

the Defendants
furrendred all. Mean while the Golonel's Skiff brought five hundred Men
more
afhore, with which he march'd without any hinderance into the City,
where the
Conquerors, faint with exceffive Heat and want of Water, found but
little Booty,
bccaufe the Inhabitants having notice of the Ho//W^rx coming, had
conveyed all
their Goods and Wealth to ^eciffa, which the Governor Matthias Muquerque
(Brother to the Lord Vuarte Muquerque, to whom ^ernamhtico properly
belong'd) burnt
with all theStore.houfes,partly out of revenge tojthe Inhabitants, who
fled contrary
to his Commands^and partly becaufe he would not enrich the Hollanders,
The fortuguefe Captain, Correa de Cajlel 'Blanco^ in his Letter to the King
oiS^ain, values
the lofs at twentv hundred thoufand Ducats. But ftiU the Tortuguefe had
poffeffion
of feveral Forts about theCountrey, whereof the moll confiderable was
5"^. Geor?e
whither Stein Qallenfels march'd in the Night with fix hundred Men, but
his Ladders being too fliort, and the HandGranado's not eafily taking fire, he
was foi'd to
Retreat:; whereupon judging it moft convenient to befiege the Caftle, he
digg'd
Trenches about the fame 5 nor was it long ere the Befieged defir'd
Quarter, which The Forr s,.
being granted, they march'd from thence with ninety Men. The Water
Callle fur- '"'''^^ "'^^;'rendring in like manner, they found fifteen Brafs Guns therein ; and in
that of
St, George four thoufand pound of Gun-powder, and twenty four Iron Guns,
When the ISietherland Forces Landed on fernamhuco, the (portuguefe
inhabitec
eleven Towns, the chiefeft whereof being Olinda, was geuerally
Garrifon'd by four
Companies of Armed Citizens, each contaming a hundred Men and three
Companies of Soldiers : Amongft the Citizens were two hundred Merchants,
fome
of whom were judg'd to be worth fifty thoufand Crufados.
Southward from Olinda, between the River meribe and the Ocean, was a
nar
row Cawfey, at the end of which lay the populous Village <Iiecifa, where
the Ships
lade and unlade. About the middle of the Cliff, being a League long, is
the An. .
choring place for great Ships, call'd fo^o. At the end of the
fore^mention^d Cawfey againfi: Po^q, appeared a round Tower of Fre-flone.

The Journal kept by the Englifi Fleet that came hither under the Command
of The .e.oCaptain >?m L^wc^y^e^r, Anno 1595. makes mention of a Fore which lay at
tht'^ft,!t
Mouth of the Haven before ''^ecifa, which the Bio^liJJ? valiantly
Storm'd, notwith- riE"'"''
Handing fix hundred Men and feven Brafs Guns might eafily have made k
invinci-lf
ble : But they conquering the fame, marchM up to Olinda, took the
Suburb, con- ^
filling ol: a hundred Houfes, without any refinance, as alfo a great
Booty, and the
greater, becaufe the Goods of a rich Carak which had fome few days
before fuffcr'd
Ship wrack, were kept there j they alfo took fifteen laden Ships, and
for thirty days
kept the whole Countrey about Oliuda refi:lefs with continual Alarms^
Since this
Invafion the fortuguefehmk a third Fort on (^m/., fo that the Ships
mufi: pafs in
m between two Forts, where the Channel is alfo full of Rocks, and
confequently
the more dangerous.
VxQm<Recijfa the Goods are fent in Barques or Lighters zo OlindaM^WQCa
which

hrmes La'
ajicr.

;l

lliU

508

^ M E%1 C A.

Chap. VIL

The nature

of the Soil in
Pern.tm'juco.

Sergtppo itl
Key.

ViHit de Ceti'
ctftion.

Dcfcfiption
of Faiiiyt.i.

anci5t. S^/v^^or runthetvvo great Pvivcrs Fr^?ia/c6 aad %^I, the firfi:
whereof re^
tains its fredinefs twenty Leagues into the Ocean.
Mono- the Rivet 'Po/:)!ti?2^^ (land many Sugar-Mills ; and five Leagues
farther
Korthward beyond Olmda the fortuguefe inhabit thefe Villages, vi^.
Garafu, %ecljfa,
Moribeca, Antonio de Caho, Miguel de foyuca, Oonfaho de Una, foyacon de
Torto Calvo, Ala*
goadelHort, ^n^ Alagoa M Zur.hzM^s oihz^ %-afiltan\{^m\tis, and above
feventy
Sugar^Mills.
The County of Ternamhuco hath for the moil part a good Soil, feveral
Plains,
low Hills, and fruitful Valleys, abounding with fair Canes, which
alfogrowon
the Mountains Mafureps, Zehaatan, foyuca, and Morihe^ue.
The WMso^ El Gran Matto, afford the befl Wood, with which they drive the
greateft Trade in the Village Lanren^o. Whileft Matthi^^ Albuquerque
Intrench'd
himfelf a League and a half Weft ward from Oltnda, by the Sugar.MiUs
belonging
to Francifco Uontero, with a hundred fortuguefe, and three times as many
Armed
<Brafilim5, Loncque finding that he could not long keep the City 0/i^^

againft the
Enemy, caus'd the fame to be puU'd down and burnt.
Between the Rivers Francifco and ^B^al, lies the Town Sergtpl)o del %,
up in the
Countrey near a fmall Rivulet, which at Spring=Tydes hath fourteen Foot
Water.
The Woods round about feed wild Cattel, and the Mountains contain Mines
of
Gold and Silver.
The firft Plantation in iBr^///^ was in the Ifland lumafaca, three
Leagues long
and two broad, but extends its Jurifdiaibn along the Mam Coaft, from
which it
is feparated by a narrow River, which runs betwixt both thirty five
Leagues. The
Countrey is eminent for twenty Sugar-Mills, and abundance o^^rafile
Wood.
The chief Town of this Kland^is callM Ftlla de Conception near the Sea,
which
round about the Ifland is full of Rocks. The French fettling themfelves
here at firft,
were driven from thence by the fortuguefe. The Town it felf, built on a
Rock,hath
aftrongCameontheonefide,ereaed near a fiirubby Moor ,. to the Northward
of which Stein CaUenfels found a little Ifle, fcarce a Mufquet.fhot
long, which at
High.water is overflown, and being full of fmall Trees makes a
Receptacle for
Sea-Fowl, which flock thither about fix a Clock in the Evening to Rooft
on the
Boughs, from which, when once fetled to take their repofe, they will not
ftir till
fix ofthe Clock the next Morning, though you difcharge Guns at them all
Night j
but fince Stein CaUenfels cut down the Wood to make Pallifado's for the
new Fort
againft the Town Conception, they were never feen afterwards.
S E C T. IX.
Parayba.
Northward from Itamaraca borders the County o^farayba, whence the French
Ships carry'd yearly feveral Ladings of Sr^/J/e Wood, till ^/i/io 1585.
the
fortugueje General Martin Leytam drove them from all places, fince when
they never recover'd any part thereof.
ThisTerritory of 'P^r^;'/'.^ borrows its Denomination from the chief
Town, lying five Leagues from the North Sea near the River farayba, which in the
Summer
Seafon hath but little Water, but in the Winter Seafon increafes to that

heighth,
that it oftentimes on a fudden overflowing the Countrey fweepsaway both
People, Cattel,and Houfes. The City it felf, though fmall, yet hath feveral
fair
Buildings, amongft which three Churches and as many Cloyfters, inhabited
by
^ Francij^

r^ o'

.'

[^

C . Otftritn- CBoreale- .

ipir-

509

- ^

thereI manhe !Pornhabiof the

'' years "^^^ sii^er\J^ Mine CnpaS'

^rajile '"'
ihabiE

ibig as Strange Birds

onely
I
Body
Fleft
: Bill
of an
Back

I It is The Plant
- Tarammae'
qua I rou,
;hin,
ows
and

. terebit, with
.leSj other ftrange
/
ail,
ous
ted

\l ; Defcription
of the Sea
>ne ^^^^ of
Brafik,
in:
he
ie^
he
'le
er

10
r
e
f

\ I

Chap. VIL ^ M E^\^I c A ' ^op

Francifcaus, Camdkes,\nA 'Bencd^Hms, are none of the meanefl-. The

Countrev there
abouts indifferently fruitful, hath twenty Sugar^Mills. The Mountain
Cupa.uao
formerly very populous with Natives, being exceeding fertile, produces
all manner of Fruit; atprefent it lies defolate, the iBr.//^^^. being all
deftroy^d by the ^ortuguefe. Thefe Mountains produce alfo curious green Stones/ which the
Inhabicants wore in their Lips for an Ornament, and which alfo cures the
Griping of the
Guts, by being laid upon the Belly. .
The French under the Command of Captain Dourmlg.s, difcover'd ninety
years the sii...
ago the Silver-Mine Copaoha, and for a confiderable time carry'd Silver
and iraftk T''''"'\
Wood from hence, till the (portugucfe made themfelves abfoiute Mafters.
Moreover, on the North-fide of ^.r.^^,, the Salvages call'd ^.rmi.n
inhabit
fixteen Villao;es. "^
Amongft the Birds of prey which breed here, are the Onyaour.ffoti, twice
as big as StrangeB.as
a Crane, with curious Feathers, and fo bold and ilrong, that it devours
not onely
Sheep, but Deer and Men. ^
The Bird Maytoft is no way inferior in beauty to the Peacock, his whole
Body
being cover'd with white and black Feathers j on his Head grows a Tuft .
the FlelL
is alfo very pleafant to the tafte. '
The Toucan, another Bird, refembles a Turtle-Dove in ail parts, except
the Bill
andBreaftj for the Belly is ten Inches long and three broad, the
Breaftofan
Orange colour, mix'd with Crimfon Spots ; the remaining part is white,
the Back
led, and the Tail and Wings CoaLblack.
The Plant call'd Yarammacarou deferves alio a peculiar obfervation, yi^.
It is The Plant
thicker than a Man's Thigh, grows twelve Foot high, with three Branches
of equal ^^T"""*
length and thicknefs, which youmayeafily breakjitis green without, white
within *
and without Leaves, leaving red BlolToms ftreak'd with blue, from whence
grows
aFruit about the bignefsofan Apple, crimfon without and white within,
and
talting like a Mulberry.

The River farayba produces amongft many other Fiflies the Guara-tmba,
which Th.c^.
hath a thick Body, flat Head, crooked Back, fpUc Tail, and %iangular
Scales, '*t\Tit
which laid m the Sun, (hine like polifli'd Gold. ! '^ Rih,
The Sea alfo hereabouts affords a ftrange FilTi with a very long and
thin Tail
the Fenriales whereof Lay every day Eggs like Hens : they are full of
poyfonous
Prickles, and divided into feveral forts, amongft which the chiefeft are
accounted
the 2>(aainari and Jahehara,
THe Sea-Coaft of (Brafile from Sl Vincent to Spirlto Santo appears as
folio wech Defcrfpuoa
Before the Coaft of S^ Vtncent lie the four little Ifles Quetmadas, and
on one co3t%'r
iide th^Jlcatraceszn^Bufios ; Eaft North-Eafl from which bears the lOand
Sehafttaw ^"'^'
Before the Inlet Uhatuba lies the Ifle Dos Torcos, clofe under a high
Shore, where the
Haven runs far up in the Countrey. Fourteen Leagues farther the lOand
Grande,
Itor d with frelli Water,with Fif]i^poods^Woods,and two good Havens.
Before the
RoadofG4r.f^^ appear feveral broken lOes, the chiefeft whereof is
Mbr.;%.. The
Ships Sailing along the ^raflian Coaft view next the Mouch of the wide
River
jenero, without fear of Rocks or Shoals. Moreover, a fandy Ground
extends from
the Weftern Point to C.^e Fr^a, which rifcs out of the Sea like a Rock,
with white
Streaks, and crack'd on the top, between both which the high Ifland
before Frio
makes a fafe Harbor. Nine Leagues beyond Frio to the Northward, St.
Salvador
opens a large Bay, hemm'd in on the South by divers namelefs Ifles.
Laftly, the
ieveral Sale-pans along this Coaft are very remarkable, as alfo the
Piomootory
St Thgniii

Sriffh,

51 o

J M E 'F^I C J.

Chap. VII.

!t!

St, Thomci and ^aray^^dj the Inlets Uamngeci and Itapemertj and the
River Guarapari^
famous for the Mountain fero Qam towards the North, and Guapd to tht
South.
Theliland Sahngo^ round and mountainous, lies before the Mouth of the
River
Guarapari, where the Main Coaft grows uneven and Hilly. On the NorthEaft
Point of Spirito Santo a long ridge of Rocks appears above the Sesjand
near the Inlec
rifes three black Hills on the South, and two Leagues up in the Countrey
the bro:=
ken Mountain Meftre Aharo, which extends along the Sea-Coaft. The River
Des
^yos Ua'ros encompaffes three Mountains feveraiiy, and makes three
Ifles. The
Coaft on each fide of the River Dolce is very plain and even, h\xt
Qrkare hath a mix=
ture of high and low Lands. In the Mouth of the River M^r4?2/pe lies a
great company of white Shelves near together, appearing afar offas if all one.
farairepc is remarkable by the high Trees growing on it. Ths Mouth of the River
Caruvela^ lies
full of Sand-plats. Near the Beacon Tauhaen rifes a red Cliff from which
a fandy
Point reaches to the River Curuhaho. Before Torto Seguro lie feveral
dangerous
Rocks in the Sea, to the Southward of which rifes the High4and
CapefPafqual. Kot
far from hence Santa Crui;^ a good Haven for fmall Veffels, from whence
the Coaft
extends North North-Eaft, and South South-Weft, to ^S^o Grande^ where
the Shoals
caird ^axos de St. Jntonioy making a dangerous Entry, force the Ships
for the
moft part to keep three Leagues from the Shore. Beyond the Arm of (2^'o
Gra7idc
appear three high Mountains cover'd with Trees ; from whence to Ilheos
is a fafe
Paflage free from Shelves. Eight Leagues farther,the Kiwct T>os Contas
runs between J

two broken Cliffs into the Sea : in the Mouth of it rifes a Rock
refembling a high ^
Ifland. Between Ilheos and Co?it^ the Coaft rifes alfo, but falls low
again in a Bay,
where white Sugar=Mills, formerly belonging to Lucas Giraldes, are feen
at a great
diftance. The Countrey on each fide of the River Camanu is plain ; the
Stream ic
felfhath a wide Mouth, and refpe^ts with its Northern Shore the Ifle
Cayepa, dangerous for the many Shelves which are about the fame. The River TmW^ is
known
by the Mountain Mono de Santo faulo, which rifes like a Galley on the
Southern
Shore. Twelve Leagues farther opens the Bay o^Todos los SanFios, on
whofe Eaft
ftern Point ftands the Caftle J?itonio, and before the Northern Shore
the Ifland To'
poam, to the Eaft and South-Eaft low and ftrong. The River D^ fedras
falls with
a wide Mouth into the Ocean. Next you pafs by the Streams Tapicuru,
<I{eal Vafa^^mand Fr4?2a/co, known by a low Promontory. The Rivers Migmly Antonio,
Qd>
maragilt, ?orto Caho, Fomofo, and Sermhaem^ difembogue alfo into the
Sea. Next
the Stream Das fedras rifes the Promontory St. Jugufl'tm, all overgrown
with
Buflies and Brambles. Five Leagues Southward lies the fmall Ifle Jlexo,
The Coaft
from St, Augufim to fernambuco extends North and by Eaft, and South and
by Weft.
The Ifland Tamaraca lies in the Mouth of the Stream Gajana ; and fifteen
Leagues
farther appears Tarayha j between which two the Shelf Tedra Furada
extends three
Leagues along the Coaft, and another from the Shore of the Promontory
^lanco^
where the Road Torto de Franefes affords Seamen fecure Anchorage for
Shipping.
Next to (Parayha follow the Havens Treicaon, <Pipa, and %ifios, the
Stream S'tara and
M^r<3g^, which wafhes the Weftcrn part of Sr^/i/t', and is taken for
the Boundary
between the Spanijl Indies znd the ' f or tugticfe, according to the
Divifion by Pope
Jlexander the Sixth, Anno i 502. Laftly, there belongs to l^rafile the
Ifland Fernando
de Noronho, in three Decrees of Southern Latitude. The Capuchin, CLude
de Ahhe^
Vilk, going thither, found the fame to be fix Leagues in circumference,
and extraordinary fruitful ; befides good frefli Water, Peafe, Beans,
Maiz.PotatQ's, Melons,
Cotton, Cartel, wild Goats, and all forts of Poultrey, which this Ifland
affords ;
V but it chiefly abounds with great variety of a fort of Birds which

fuffer themfelves
to

to be caught with the Hand. There grows Hkewife a namelefs Tree, not
unlike s.ange w
the Laurel, being of a ftrange Nature, for who e're touches the Leaves,
and afterwards rubs his Eyes, lofes his Sight for four hours, with exceeding pain
which
painneverthelefs another Tree growing in the fame Ifland cures
immediately. The
i^rench, who Landed on^pronho^nvlo 1613. found a (portuguefe there, with
eighteen
!BraftHans, Men, Women, and Children, banifli'd thither from fernambuco,
whom
Baptizing, they carry'd to Maragnm. Near Koronho lies the Ifle De Feu,

Sect. X.
Mara

't3
Aragnan, forty five Leagues in circumference, lies in two Degrees of
Sou- situation.
thern Latitude, and a confiderable diftance from the Bay, which appears between the Rivers Jperegha and Qomajamu.
The Eaftern Entrance into this Bay hath before the Promontory Arhres
Sees,
the Ifle St. Anna, by the Brafelians call'd Upaonmiri.
Oppofite to Maragnan, about half way from the faid Inlet, fall three
Rivers into
the Sea, the moft Eafterly call'd Mounin, hath a Mouth a Mile wide, and
difcharges
its Water into the Sea j the middlemoft Tahoucourou, is five hundred
Leagues
long, and ends with two Mouths, half a League diftant one from the
other/
the moft Wefterly, call'd M^rj, is about fix Leagues broad, fo falling
into the
Sea.
The Stream Maracon falls into the <Pinare, and thus united they joyn
both with

the M^ry, which runs exceeding fwift into the Sea,

Between the Capes Arhres Sees and De UTortue, the Coaft lies full of
Tandy
Banks, fomc of which extend a League into the Ocean.
On the other ii^t of the Promontory Tapoytapere near M^ragnan,to^Fi^t^s
the River
of Jma^ones, lie fo many Ifles along the Sea.fliore, that no Ship is
able to approach
the fame, becaufe the Spaces between the Ifles are overgrown with Trees
call'd
Jpparituriers, whofe Boughs (hooting down and rooting in the Sea,
produce other
Trees, which grow fo clofe together, that they feem one entire Tree with
many
Branches. Befides this Inconvenience there is abundance of drift Sand
when the
Wind fits from the Shore, which oftentimes fwallows the Ships which lie
upon
the faniie.
Beyond Maragnan lie two Roads, the firfl: between the Promontory Arhres
and
the Ifle St. Anna, but dangerous ; the other, difcover'd fome years
fince, reaches
to the Fort o^Maragnan, and is as dangerous as the firll.
This Ifland hath twenty feven Villages, by the Natives callM Oc or Jaye,
each
Village confifting of four Houfes made of great Stakes, andcover'd with
Palm-tree
Leaves againfl: the Rain, each Houfe being thirty Foot broad, and from
two hun
dred to five hundred Paces long, according to the greater or leflfer
number of Inhabitants. The firft Village, oppofite to 5f. ^^, is call'd TtmhohH
the fecond,
well known for two eminent Fifliing-places, is Itapara j but the two
biggell are
Juniparan and Eujfaouap, each having about five or fix hundred
Inhabitants.
^ This Ifland of Maragnan lies under a temperate Climate, being feldom
troubled
with excelfive Colds, Droughts, peRilential Vapors, Wind, Hail, or
Thunder, only
K Lightens Morning and Evening in ferene Weather. When the Sim returns
from
the Tropick of Caprieorn to the North, then it E.aios for fix Weeks
together ; but '
'en he declines from Cancer towards the Southern Soiftke, the Trade
AWmd, or
- Eailern

1^'

^ M E "KI C A

Chap. V

Fruitful Soil
and ncaCO'-l^

Fxuit-Trees.

Eaftern Breezes rife at feven of the Clock in the Morning, but grow
fainter towards Sun^fetting. .
The Soil of Ksr^^Hd^ is exceeding fruitfulj prcdiicing abundance of
Sr^y?/^ Wood,
Su(Tar, Cotton, the red Colour (^oucou^ Tobacco, Balfam not inferior to
the Jrah'lcin^ Pepper, and all manner of Fruits. On the Coaft is often found
excellent
Amber-greece and Jafper Stones, which the Inhabitants wore in their
Lips. In
fome places along the Sea-fhore appear Rocks of red and white Scone
Dia^ha?iom,
like Cryftal, which (fome fay) are as hard as Diamonds, and call'd
Jllenco?i. The
Woods produce Timber, and the Shore Stones and Shells, of which they
make
Mortar. There are alfo feveral pleafant Fields and Hills, whofe Feet are
wafh'd by
delightful Brooks, along which they pafs in Ca?ioos from one Village to
another.
The Woods confift moft of Palm^Trees, amongft which breed all forts of
Fowls
and Beads.
Thechiefeil of the FruitTrees which grow here is the Jccayou, which
being
much bicTger than our Pomewaters, hath Leaves not unlike thofe of an Oak
: and
alfo a Nut refembling a Sheeps Kidney, covered with a hard Shell, which

inclofes
an oylie Pith. Out of thefe the Iflanders prefs a very wholfom and
pleafant Liquor as alfo out of the ^acoeira and ^annana^, both excellent Plants,
which will
grow in any Ground. This Plant they pluck up by the Roots wild as foon
as ic
hath put forth three Leaves j which Leaves being rowl'd up hard together
like a
Twig, are again Set, and then fprout up each with ten green Leaves,
which when
mov'd by the Wind, rattle like Parchment, and tear very eafily : the
Stalk is an
Inch thick, from which fpread feveral leffer Branches ; under the Leaves
hangyellowifh Flowers of a pleafant fmell, at whofe Stalks are leffer Leaves
refembling
little Scoups, full o^ Juice, in taftelike Honey, and in colour like the
White of an
Egg: after the Flower follows the Fruit, very like a Cucumber, onely
they are
three fquare, and have a hardifli Shell, which inclofes a well tafted
and wholfom
Pulp, which commonly grows in Clufters. This Plant, when the Fruit is
ripe,
is pluck'd up, from whence another fprings up immediately, which bears
the
like Fruit the next year j fo that this Plant lives as it were by
propagation continually.
The^annand^ bear Leaves of a Fathom long and two Foot broad j the Fruit
is
very like that of the "Pdco^ir^.
The SPld?2gaa is very like the Apricock both In tafte and form.
The Titcjaracahct hath a fpread Crown, leaves like thofe of a Fig=Tree,
yellow
Flowers, and Pears with Shells, and full of Kernels.
The Ouaieroua is an exceeding fwect-fmelling Tree, bears a Fruit much
bigger
than the greatcft Melons.
TUcJunipapj which is much taller, hath Apples, which whilefl they are
green
are beft, yielding a Juice which Dyes Coal-black, and therefore is us'd
by the
Natives to paint their Bodies with : The Apples when ripe are yellow
within
and without, very well tafted, and melting in the Mouth.
Bcfides thefe fore=mention'd Fruit-Trees there are feveralothers that
grow on
this lOand, amongft which is the ^/u-pirw/j, eminent for its Bloftbm,
which is yel*

low, blue, and red, and bears delicate Apples, which ripen beft in the
rainy
Seafon.
Laftly, the Tekey, which three Vlen cannot Fathom, bears a Fruit of two
handfuls bignefs, having a hard thick Shell, and within four Kidney^like
Kernels, each
concealing a prickly Stone, which hurts the Mouths of unwary Eaters.
The Plant Carouata hath Leaves an Ell long, and two Inches broad j they
arc
very

L^^B^'

Chap. VII. <t4ME%^lCA. ^13

very thick and tKiftly from the middle, and about two Foot from the
Ground
grows an exceeding pleafant Fruit, yellow without and within, three
fquare, a
Finger long, and hangingoftentimes fixty in a Clufter.
Vm, a fort of Melons, green without, and within full of white Pulp and
black
Kernels, and hath a pleafant Juice, diffolves to Water,if cut in the
middle, fweeter
than Sugar, and very refrefliing,
Mamoch, a thick Root of the Plant Mcinkui^, Leav'd like a FigTree 3
being ground
to Meal, it ferves in Head of BrcadJ
Befides thefe already mention'd, there are feveral other Plants, the
raoft ufual
are the great flat Beans callM Commanda^ouajfou, and the long Peafe
Commanda-^niry.
Here are variety of Birds of feverai forts, efpecially of Parrots, which
flye in strangeBirds
great Companies, mod beautiful to the Eye, and very docible to fpeak,
and alfo
good for Food. , ,
The Partridges NanhououaJfoUy'm bignefs no way inferior to a Capon, have
blue
Feathers, and alfo Lay blue Eggs.
The Ourou, refembling a Partridge, hath a Combe like a Cock, but mix d
with
three Colours, Vi:^. red, black, and white.

The Bats^ nam'd Andheura,\\^YQ a mournful I^ote in the Night,often

biting thbfc
they find afleep, and fuck their Blood fo hard that it can hardly be
ftopt.
The Oftriches here call'd landou, being as tall as a middle-fiz'd Man,
cannot
flye, but run as fwift as a Greyhound.
Their Fowlcaird Falian, with long Bills and Cranes Legs, flies very low,
but
runs fo fwift that a Horfe can fcarce overtake them.
The Ocean about Maragmn produces abundance of all forts ofFifii,and
amongfl: str.n.e fom
others the <?yraon, fix Foot long, thicker than a Barrel, and cover'd
v^ith black '''-'^" '
Scales of a hand-breadth. ,
The Fifli Camouroupouy differs not much from the <Pyraon, onely in
having fewer ~
Scalesr
The Ougry, four Foot long, hath a broad Head, and two fiiarp Fins on the
Back,
which wound terribly. This Fifli alfo fwimming in the River, fmells of
Musk
"whileft it fl;ays therein.
The like length hath alfo the Camhoury Ouajfou, whofe Hog-like Head, and
yeU
lovw^ fcal'd Tail, makes it feem like a Monfter.
The lauebouyre is a Foot in thicknefs, in length two Fathom, and a
Fathom im
breadth, and hath a Tail of half a Fathom long, out of the middle of
which flicks
a fharp and great Bone, which makes fuch dangerous Wounds, that if a^y
part of
a Man's Body be touch'd therewith, it mufl: be cut off.
The Nannnary, which is much leffer, wounds with its Sting very
dangeroufly.
The flat FiOi Jcaratou hath the length of a Foot, a green Head, thick
Scales, a
yellow Back, and white Belly.
The Jraououa hath a hard Skin, is cigh: times bigger than the Jcaraiou,
and hatha
three-pomted Sword, with which it kills other Fifh.
Another fort of Sword^fiOi is the Tanapans, whofe Sword is a Foot lefs
than that
01 the Jraououa,

The ftcamo and Caramourou refemble the Pilchard, and are taken in great
abun^'
dance near the Rocks.
The Rivers and Brooks on Maragnan
whicb
the Tourakejom Foot long, full of
Streaks,
the Skm fo hard that no Sword can
not a blow,
but if It moves, it caufes fuch a
that he falls
down on the Ground. Bbb ry -

are ajfo very full of Fifh, amongft

green, blue, red and white Specks and
penetrate it ; wherefore it regards
pain on the Arm of him that flrikes,

514.

Divers kinds
of firange
Beafts.

<a M E 'K't c A. Chap, vn.

The faurimatay which is very like a Carp, is the moft delicious Fifh
that ever was
tafted.
The fyra'my without Scales, coloured red and yellow, hath fliarp Teeth,
which
cut floapingly ; as alfo the O^ean^ T^rehure, faraty, smdjerou.
The red Crabs Oujfa^ with hairy Legs, breed about the Roots of the
foremention'd Trees that grow in the Water.
The white Crabs Jonara-oujfa carry the Amber-greece, caft on the Shores
to
their Holes.
They have alfo good Musfles, and well rellifii'd Oyfters flicking on the
Boughs
of the faidl'rees.
During the rainy Seafon there are generally Handing Pools, in which
yearly

breed many Fiflies, which are taken up by the Inhabitants when the Pools
begin
to dry.
Moreover, this Ifland feeds abundance of four.^footed Beads, amongft
which
their wild Deer, Rabbets and Hares, differ little from the European,
They have alfo wild Swine call'd Taiajfou, who feem to have Navels on their Backs,
which cafl
a fweet Musky fmell ; befides another fort of Swine,not inferior to the
formcr,buc
of a flranger fliape, being Mouth'd like a Hare, with two long Tusks in
their up*
per Jaws, and two beneath ; their Ears like a Mans ; the foremofl Feet
white, and
hoofd like an Afs 5 the hindermofl part of their Body like a Bear, and
full of Briftles, half white and half black, three handfuls long : when they creep
in their
Holes their flaring Briflles fall ; they keep much amongfl Brambles,
feed oa Apples
and Roots ; In the Winter Seafon they Stye themfelves up in their Holes.
Here are alfo Pifmire^eaters, called Tamandua, with a Boars Head, Dogs
Ears,
fharp Snout, Horfes Hair, and Ox Feet.
The Taftyre-ete differ little from wild Cows, onely they have fhorter
Legs and
Tails, and wanting Horns, are Arm'd in flead thereof with Teeth ; in
their Heads
are often found a Stone like the ^e;^oar Stone.
Several forts o^ Armadillo' s here differ much in form each from the
other.
The wild Cats Mar^aia are caught for their curious Skin.
The "E oxcs J anoyare^ and Leopards Soyajfoyaran, both curioufly mark'd,
are very
ravenous.
Here is alfo a deform'd flow creepingBeafl called Jij whofe Head is like
a Mans,
and covered with rough and grey Hair, on each Foot three Claws clofe
together,
and atleafl a Finger long, fharp Teeth, a fmooth high black Nofe, little
drowfie
Eyes, no Ears, a Tail fmall above and broad at the bottom, long
Afh.colour'd
Hair over all the Body j and being about the bignefs of a Fox, it climbs
flowly up
the Trees and comes not down before it hath eaten off all the Leaves j
it feeds

alio on Earth, and fometimes fits on a high Bough without Meat twenty
days together 5 it goes fofoftly, that it will hardly clear fifty Paces in
twenty four hours.
On this Ifland are likewife all forts of Apes and Monkies, amongft which
is one
moft remarkable, call'd The Z'mme Cayon, hairy all over, with a long
white Beard,
an old Mans Face, bald Ears, black Eyes and long Tail, which they wind
about a
Bough, and fo hanging, fwing themfelves from one Tree to another ; they
are very
fierce as well as fubtile, for being wounded with an Arrow, they fet
upon their
Enemy without the lead fear j when they climb up the Trees, they carry
their
Mouths and Hands full of Stones to throw at Travellers j and if any one
of them
chance to be wounded, all the reft that are near come to help him, and
flop the
Wound v^ith Leaves, and the like 5 the young ones hang upon the Backs of
their
Dams, who run very fwifc with them, and leap from one Tree to another,
]tum

Chap. yif.

A M Eli^I C A

5 15

fum Menois relates. That the Coyom play at Eettain Games with the
Natives for
Money, and fpend what they win in publick Houfes.
^ >M 'ie^M/'! tells us. That one of thefe kind of Creatures being fent
to a Tavern
for Wine, would not part with his Money before his Pot was fill'd.which
he defen.
ded from the Boys that ofFer'd to take it from him, by throwing Stones
at them
and though it lov'd Wine very well , yet brought it always home without
tafting.
It is no lefs wonderful what <Peter Martyr relates of one of thefe

Creatures, yi^
That obferving one ready to fire a Gun at him, before he could
difcharse, it leap'd
from the Tree and fnatch'd up a Child, which he held as a Buckler before
himf
The %<.Vrefembles a Lyon in the fore-part of the Body, with fliasev
Hair.,.r
they are exceeding dainty and tender, yet foftubborn and fullen, that
they take pet " '
at the lead: affront, and often pine themfelves away and die with hunger
The Serpenv%-.f.,two Fathoms long, without Legs, having a bright
fpeckled ne ....,
Skm and tour (harp Tecth,wounds alfo mortally with its Tail but is the
lefs dan, ?"* ",*"
, ecaufe at the end ofthe Tail grows a Bladder, which moving rattles as
if '""' there were Peafe in it, which gives notice to the Traveller, though
unwary by
which means he makes his efcape. /' /
The other Serpents call'd Jouhoy, Tara-gouyky, and Tarehuhy, fcrve
the^Nati ves
tor a great Delicacy ; as alfo the great Toads or Frogs, call'd
Towouro,,.
They have alfo a fort of Flies call'd Ton, which exceedingly moleft
them, ac^ainft
which their chiefeft Medicine is Palm-tree Oyl, and the ^oncott, with
which thev
colour their Skins. ^The Natives of this Ifland of Maragmn, driven out of the pleafant
Countrey
Cm^hyxhc Portugucfe, are a fort ofthe Toupm.mbas, who Setled here about
a hundred and fifty years ago. The time of their firft coming hither us'd
formerly to be
folemniz d with the great Feafl call'd Caoyen , but becatife a Woman
boldly fet up.
on a Commander in his Cups, there arofe a great Tumult amongft chem, and
ever
iince the Ifland hath been divided, one Party calling the other
Tdaiares, that is

Jl

A M E^R^I C A.

Chap. VII

IVe are Emmies : They are To inveterate againfl one another^, that who
e're they take
Prifoners they unmercifully devour : Both are of a middle Stature, have
flat Nofcs, which the Midwives make at the Birth of the Child 5 they are
generally a
ftrong People, and many of them living a hundred years, without being
grey,
bald, or fick - they live temperate, and under a wholfom Climate : Some
of their
Women bear Children (as they fay) till they are eighty years of age,
which being
born white, turn to be of a Tawny colour, by being anointed with Suet
call'd
%QUcou, and Oyl ; ocherwife they are well proportion'd. The Men pluck
out all
the Hair of their Foreheads, but fuffer it to hang pretty long over
their Ears, and
behind. The Women let their Hair hang down to their Middle, and wear
woodden
Ear-rings j but the Men hang green Beads in their Lips, and thrufi:
little Bones
through their Nofes. They go all ftark naked ; their Legs are coloured
black witli
the Juice of the Herb 7w?npd|7, and upon the other parts of their Body
appear Fi
. gures of feveral Reprefentations. Thofe that will manifeft their
Valor, andbeac^
counted hardy, gafii their Bodies all over with Wounds, which they heal
in fuch a
manner., that the Scars may more plainly appear. They never come to
their ufual
Feafls, but drefs'd up in various coloured Feathers ; upon the Crown of
their Heads
they wear Caps ftuck with Plumes, which they call A^?2^o^/j, or
Coronets, call'd
Acangerar-^ about their Necks,the Necklaces Aiouacaya-^ over their
Shoulders,the Man*
tics Jjfojave -^ their Garters they call Tabacouraj at which they hang
hollow Nuts
fliells full of little Stones, which gingle and rattle as they go,and
about their Arms
Armlets call'd Mapouyh-couaychoyare -^ all which are curioufly checkered
with various
coloured Feathers.
The Maragmns Hvc not much up in the Countrey, but rather on the SeaCoaft,
becaufe of their Fifhing, removing every fixth year, calling the Village

where they
Settle, by the former Nam^
They take every Man as many Wives as he pleafeth ; but the Women muft
flick
each to one Man, unlefs (he be Divorced from him;, which often happens
upon
fmall occafions.
Their Cotton Hammocks call'd T, on which they fleep, hang between two
Stakes, in which they lie.
Singular Friends and Relations Feaft one another daily ;
cruel and
revengeful againft their neighboring Enemies, whom, when
of them,
they fatten, kill, and eat. The leaft affront done them,
word fpoken
to them, or againft their Predecefforss, makes them take
conhft of
Bowes and Arrows, which they call Ouyrapar and Omie,

but they are

they take any
or injurious
up A rms, which

Here the French have built the Fort St, LoVis on an Ifland, from whence
Weftward maybe feen the Cape Ta^ouytapere^vihich at High-water feems like an
Ifland,
and lies four Leagues from thence - at Low-water they can walk over the
Sands
from the fame to the Main Land.
This fruitful Countrey hath twenty populous Villages.
Weft ward lies Comma, which gives Denomination to the chief Village, the
River,
and the reft of that Countrey, wherein are fixteen more handfom
Villages, better
built, and more populous than Maragnan or Ta^ouytapere,
Concerning the building of the fore-mention'd Fort on Maragna?i, it
hapned as
foUoweth :
The occaHon The Freuch Captain <^jfaut, upon the Advice of Ouyrapive,
who bore a great fway
theFort!SJ amongft his Maragnan Subjeds, fitted out three Ships 5 but
becaufe of a Contention
ragm- betwcen the Seamen, and the lofs of his chiefeft Veftel, he was
forced to Sail to
Francej and leave ibme of his Men on Maragmn^ under the Command of a
young
Gentleman

r/r.

M ix'i

Ir

K..Cafirum ^/ufiact . \c . I'.if/r-um in men

IG- , -F/ui-7u^ qui- fer^fus

1^,1 rw ^11 .i^i'f- .

f'/

r*'Hl -ii j_i III i

1%:

^'ii^^sfsfi

Jit

'^n

tiK

'^^-

'^y^-^

s _j*;- v.- -Jt:

//^

Ji . Flui

C . 7'ta littus

I iiii|ifiati

T) . Sylv

% . Co-nvpeftrta

"olony of
uh feiit
r inta the
,nd of

Ten cut
the Portu-

.'fcription
the Lord-^
ip of Trt- '
(trka.

!)efcription
>f the Lordhip of jR.J9
rratide.

DefcriptioB
af the LordIhip oiSiartt,

^17

Chap. VI!- <tA M E \^I C J.

Gentleman cali'd De-Vaux, who carry'd himfelf fo dircreetly amongfl the
lilanders,
that they promis'd to embrace the C/;/7//-^ Religion, if new SuppUes
catne from
Vrance to affift them againft their Enemies j of which De Faux advis'd
the French
King He7iry the Fourth, who approved of it, and fent Monikur De la
^aVardiere to a coW of
Maragnan, to make a farther Enquiry into the whole Matter, where he
fpent fix ^^'^'''^"^^"^^^^^^^
Moneths j after which returning he found the King murdered, wherefore
the Bufi- ^^"41
nefs lay dead for a while ; but at length ^Vardiere took with him the
Lord (^o///y,
and the Baron of Sanfi, defiring fome Cnj^uchins of the Queen-Mother,
for the promulgating of the Chrifiian Religion in Maragnan which being granted,
they fet Sail
with three Ships ^o 1 612. with which arriving fafely there,and
Landing, he built
next the chiefeft Haven the Fort St. LeVis on a Hill, by whofe foot two
Rivers glide
into the Ocean. After which this new Plantation went on for a
confiderable time
till the 'PorrMgM^/e overpowering them, drove them out of this their new
Field, making themfelves abfolute Mafters of the Fort, and alfo of the great
Mountain' J^o. fyTpmya^ap, four Leagues high, plain on the top, twenty four Leagues long,
and little ^""^^
Icfs in breadth. No Champain under the Sun is more pleafant and fruitful
than
this ; for m fome places it is (liaded with Trees, in others hath brave
Failures, lies
under a wholfom Climate, and abounds with frefli Springs, from whence
are deriv'd ftore of Brooks, and Rivulets full of Fifli. ^

S E c T. XL
The Lordfliips Tamarica, Rio Grande, Siara,
and Para.
He Tr^feBure of Tamaric,, not above three Leagues in length and two in
D=fcipo
breadth, fo call'd from a little Ifland lying before it, and part of its

Pre. t^o^t

marica.

cind, IS counted the firft, that is, the moft ancient Lordfhip of
Sraftle,
having otherw.fe nothing in it that is very confiderable, fave onely a
aood Haven
or Port, with a Caftle for the Security or Command of it, held to be
impregna.
ble, and fo found by the Vucch, who under feter Heyn and Stein Calknfds
in vain
attempted the taking of it, as (hall be mention'd hereafter more
particularly
but made it ufelefs to the 'Portugmfe, by making a Bulwark at the Mouth
of the
Haven, and fo blocking it up.
This G;4i4( yielded formerly a Rent of thirty thoufand Ducats to the
Earls of
Montefanto, whofe Right it was.
THe fr^eHure o{ <^o Grande, a fmall Precinft, fo denominated, as lyine
on DeWp*.
the South=fide of that great River which the <Portu^uefe call l^io
Grande t^^'
and the Natives fotk^i, where it falls into the Sea, was once poffefs'd
by the Fremh "'""'
about the Year 1597. who were outed by thtfortuguefe, and the Place
fortifi'd both
agamft them and the Salvages, (of whom they flew and took Prifoners very
great
numbers) with a Caftle, which the Vutch in the Year i6ii. found an
impregnable
piece, and too hard for them to take.
'' I '^* 'Pr^f^^ure of Siara, fo denominated from the Haven ; it hath
long been ^'j,">['
i in the polfeffion of the fortugmfe, but they have therein no Towns of
note, Cfi'
onely a Caftle, and fome few Houfes for thofe that attend the gathering
of CottonWool, and Manuring of the Sugar-Canes, which are here in great
abundance, alfo
the Countrey is faid to afford fome Cryftai and other Precious Stones.
Bbb J "Lai

5i8

U M E XI C J.

Chap. vn.

D fcription
of the LordIhip of F.na.

A We fi- India
Company
erefted by
the Vntted
States,

Ilnli'i

St. Salvador
let upon by
the Dutch
under Fetsrf<uo and fVilisi^ns.

Aftly, the fr^feclure o^Tara is the mofl: Northerly part o^'Brafile,

bordering
upon Guia^ia, Co c2M'd iiom the River 'Para^ which runneth through the
midft of it, upon which, in a convenient place, and upon raised Ground,
the fortuguej'e have built a very ftrong Caftle, well Wall'd on all
fides, fave onely
towards the River, where it is planted with Ordnance : It is built in a
quadranga*
lar form, and hath at leaft three hundred Perions of the fortuguefe
Nation (befides
the Garrifon Soldiers) belonging to it, who have all Employment enough
sbout
the Cotton^Wool, Sugar-Canes, and Tobacco, which the Countrey is laid to
af^
ford in great plenty.

A %jlation of the Troceedings of the Netherlaiid Weft -India

Company in Brafile to the Year 1(^58.
THe chief Difturbers of the fortuguefe in the pofleflion of the Countrey
of
'Brafile, were the United Netherlanders j for they having had good
fucccfs
with their firfl Fleet, under the Command oC John Molenaer, John
Dignumf^
^^on^John Schelinger, SimonMau,a.nd the Merchants Cornells Woodman
fierard ^eyen'ingeny
and He'mier yan liel, Anno 1595. in the Eaft-Indiesj where they got fuch
footing, that
they took whole Kingdoms, to the great enriching of the Eaftern World,
where
they fpread their Trade over the whole Countrey, were thereupon
emboldned to
venture alfo to the Weft, that thereby they might cut off the Sinews of
the King of
Spain's Wars, he being continually fupply'd with Trcafures from America,
The grand Promoters of this Defign were the Company of Merchants, who
hitherto had Traded to Guinee 5 and the rather, becaufe Gui?tee brought
them but little
Profit, But to fet upon the SpaniJJ? Power, was a Bufinefs of no fmall
Confequencc;
neverthelefs they undertaking it, obtained Letters Patents from the
States of the
Utiited Netherlands^ Anno 1621. for ere<aing of a WeftAndia Company, in
which it was
declared. That none without the faid Companies leave fhould drive any
Trade to
Africa from the Northern Tropick, to the Cape !Bonne EJperance j nor to
America from
Terre-Neuf to the Straights of Magellan, or Le Maire j nor in the South
Sea to Jnian ;
which if any attempted, they fhould forfeit Ship and Goods ; befides
feveral other
Priviledges and Immunities granted towards the promoting and
eftablifhingof the
faid Company. After a long Confultation which way to fteer their Courfe,
it was
concluded upon in the Council for the Affairs of the Company, to Invade
St, Sal^;ador in the Inlet Todos los Sanclos^ whether they fent twenty Men of
War and three
Ketches, Commanded hy Jacob Willekens, and feter Teterf^oon Hein ; the
Land Forces
being under the Command of Colonel 7o/; yan Dorth, In the beginning of
the Year
1624, the Fleet fet Sail out of the Texel and the Maesj and in five
Moneths arriv'd at
St. Salvador, As foon as the ^ortuguefes difcover'd the J)utch Fleet,
they fliot without ceafing from the Fort fhilippo with three Brafs Guns, as alfo from

the Caftle
Ta^agtpe^ with four Demi-Canons, but chiefly from the Battlement rais'd
three*
fquare out of the Water before St, Salvador, from whence they play'd at
them with
twelve great Guns, whileft the Vice-Admiral ran within Mufquet-fliot of
the faid
Battlement with three Ships, and found fifteen fortugncjc Veffels lying
near the
Shore not far from the Caftle ThilippOj where there began a fliarp
Conflid:, to the
no fmall advantage of ^eter Hein -^ who thereupon ventured with three
Boats to
Board the fifteen Ships : which refolute Attempt of the 'Dutch Seamen Co
amaz'd the
fortuguefe, that they fet their biggeft Ships on Fire, and fled
afliore : Thole Ships
that efcap'd, being in all ten, the Hollanders took and brought them to
the Fleet.
This

//iT

A. . Coaui'"'"'^ Curnu .
B . J'orla.de Ctu-iru .
C . Calleaui-^n^J^f'^^i^''^^'^
D . Ceauttum- S. 'ymnci/ci
T . Career
G- . JuU- - t/LircMoTUs et ^'lie - re^is Jr^liie
H .Tofta S. Sena.
I . Su^vr^tunL- .
K , Coefwiuiffi. S ' Sena
X - -R epcf iar aun. .
~K. Cuftelburt nana'mm .
^ .^/yujemedUxrruneie .

TDrbs
S ALVADOU

St. Salvador
tjken t
Dutch,

fourteen Boats,
!is of the Can*
ithftandins the
, Torttiguefe dei and two hunpe confiftcd of
'Lieutenant La
b Rcferve was
wn out, they ,
,, along a narj had they not
ght, fled into
fe the Cover)ods, that fo ^^i''^" f^" ^'"'
b they nnight
p A6tion J for
ers, befides a
p Forts about
ns.
joft the Fleet

publifli'd, in
IS^etherlanders
la few Tortus
moft confis"
Nho laid the
,rtly becaufe
]*ower.
'ibon, Janeiro,
f. Salvador,
:y, the out*
ight till the
unawares,
f Enemies,
cent Coun}f Brajilians Coi. vmh
1 J , \il\l'd by an
I r tally, that Ambufcade.

i his Body
Fortifie the
egarded it
lemfelves.
' Sarmiento,
UrSf and a
up broad Defcn>tfon
)eing or a ^<?r.
ith many
L little to)t. FranciSy
ms. Towards

Chap. VII.

^ M E%^I C J.

519

I'his flight of the Tortuguefe encouraging Teter Hein, he went with

fourteen Boats,
each Mann'd with two hundred Arm\i Men upon the very Mouths of the Can
nons to the fore-mentionM Battlement and took the famej notwithflandina
the
Stone Wall rofe.eight Foot out of the Water^ and above a hundred
Tortuguefe defended it, whileft the Admiral Wtllekens fent twelve hundred Soldiers,
and two hundred and forty Seamen afhore with Field-Pieces. The Forlorn Hope
confided of
fixty Muiquetteers, led by Captain Helmoml^ who was feconded by
Lieutenant La
Main, all the Seamen following with Spades and Pick-axes . the Rcferve
was
brought up by Captain/^;/, Jfenacb^ ^nd William Schouten ^^ thus drawn
out,' they
were led towards the City by the Guides Dirk Cober and Virkde (l{utter,
along a narrow Way, which the fortugwfe might have guarded with a few Men, had they
not
been all ftruck with a pannick fear, and making ufe of the dark Night,
fled into
the Woods. TheDtitch found in the City an incredible Booty, becaufe the
Gover- ^
nor Diego Mendo;^a de Furtado had forbid the carrying away of any Goods,
that fo "'^'" ^'^ ^"''
the Citizens might be the eafier perfwaded to defend the City ; which
they might
well have done, had they not been furprisM with the fuddennefs of the
Adion for
when Willekens Anchor'd here, there were above fixteen hundred Soldiers,
befides a
confiderable number of Arm'd Citizens in St. Salvador ; befides, in the
Forts about
the City on the Walls lay twenty three Brafs, and twenty fix Iron Guns.
This Victory was fcarce obtained, when Colonel Dorth, who had loft the
Fleet
at <Point Vincent, arrived here after all was done, and caus'd Edids to
be publifli'd, in
which the fled Citizens were promised greater Priviledges under the
Netherlander s
Proteaion, than ever they had under the Kingof ^p^m. Whereupon a few
Tortus'
^^/e return d to the City j but the greatefl: part of them, and thofe
the mofl; confix

derable, were partly kept back by Command of the Bifliop Teixera, who
laid the
fault concerning the lofs of the City on the Governor Furtado, and
partly becaufe
they judged the Netherlander s unable to defend them againfi: the
S^anijh Power.
About the fame time feveral rich laden Veflels arriv'd there from
Liihon, Janeiro^
Spirito Santo, Angola and other Places, all ignorant of the Conquefl: o
St. Salvador.
Whileft Dort/j and Willekens wet e ordering all things within the City,
the out*
9:a,yin^(portuguefe at laft taking courage, Storm'd the City from
Midnight till the
next day in the Afternoon, but fearing they flionld be fet upon behind
unawares.
Retreated ; after which Dorth thinking he had been free from all fear of
Enemies,
and with a fmall Guard riding out of the City to take a view of the
adjacent Countrey, was fcarce got a Bowe-fhot from the Walls, when a great Body of
Brafilians cu Bonh
rufh'd forth unexpededly from an Ambufcade, and wounded him fo mortally,
that Sufcade!"
he fell dead from Lis Horfe, and had his Head fuddenly chopt off, and
his Body
mangled very terribly.
Jllart Schouten being chofen Governor in DortVs ftead, took no care to
fortifie the
City ; and after his Deceafe his Brother William Schouten fucceeding
him, regarded it
lefs, fo that all things went to mine, every one ftriving onely to
enrich themfelves.
Amongft other Booties, they took the rich laden Veflel which Franctfco
de Sarmiento^
Governor of Qhilt, brought to St. Salvador, with fifty eight thoufand
Guilders, and a
much greater fum of Gold and Pearls, all which was imbezled away.
This City St, Salvador , built by Thomas de Sofa along the Sea-fide,
runs up broad Defc.
at the Suburb Carmo, hath four Market-places, into the biggeft whereof,
being of a tf
long fquare, run nine Streets, the chief of which being very broad, hath
many
ftately Houfes. The fecond Market-place is of like form, onely it winds
a little towards the Right,and at the Entrance ftands a ftrong Prifon. The Cloyfter
St. Francis,
inhabited by Jefuits, ftands in a Park near the Wall by which the Moat
runs. Towards

; ':>

iption
Snivel-

firfflft

5ZO A M E "Kl C A. Chap. Vtl.

wards the Sea-fide they have a fecond Strudurc, much flatelier than the
Framifcan
Cloyfter. Near the Prifon ftands the Armory, and fomewhat farther the
great
Church, which ^7Zwo 1624. was not quite finifli'd. The Church dedicated
to the
Virgin Mary appears with a high Spire near the Gate Bento, without which
the great
Cloyfter !Be?/fo is built 5 but the chief Church is St. Salvador, On the
utmoft Point
towards the South-Wefl: of the City lies the Fort jintonio^ between
which and the
City ftands a very neat Pleafurehoufe, belonging to the Bifhop. Befides
Antonio
there are four other confiderable Forts, Vi;<. Diego, St, MariUj De
Gracia, and Vittoria^
About halfway between Fittoria Sind the Cloyfter !Bero, ftands the
Caftle with four
Bulwarks ^ but on the Northfide the City is guarded by the Forts St,
feter^ fhilippo,
and Tapecipe,
leSySc The Spanip^ King feeming exceedingly concerned at the lofs of fo
eminent a Place,
forlhcTZ fitted out a great Fleet for the recovery of what had been
taken from him ; but the
TJvalu' Hetherland Weft-India Company having notice of it, put
themfelves into a pofture of
Defence, and in a fliort time made ready eighteen Men of War and fevcn
Ketches,
Mann'd with a thoufand fix hundred and ninety Seamen, and a thoufand
three hun.
dred and fifty LandSoldicrs, John Dirkf;^oon Lam being Admiral : But
news coming
day after day of the extraordinary Preparations in Spain^ it was judg'd
convenient
to ftrengthen the Fleet with fourteen Ships and two Ketches more,
carrying a thou-

fand four hundred and thirty Seamen, and five hundred eighty Soldiers,
under the
Command of General Boudewyn Henrickf^^oonj and Admiral Jndries Veron,
Moreover,
the Wefl'India Company fitted out a third Fleet, confifting of four
Frigats and three
Ketches, Commanded by Henry \at, with Orders to Cruife along the
Spafiifj Coaft.
In the beginning of the Year 1^25. Fre^em^Je To/^^/o weighed Anchor from
Cales with one and thirty Gallions, four Pinnaces, three Tartans, and a
Carvel,
all carrying feventy five hundred Men. The Soldiers were divided into
three
Regiments, Commanded by the Colonels fedro Oforio^ Juan Orellanay and
the Marquefs De Torreclufa,
Near St.Jago at the Jfrican Cape Verde, Toledo joyn'd with the
Tortuguefe Fleet,
confifting of twenty one Gallions and fourteen Carvels and Barques,
MannM with
four thoufand Seamen, two Regiments of Soldiers, Commanded by Jfitonio
Nunue;^
!BarreiOj and Franci/co de Almeida ; but the chief Commander of this
Fleet W2ls E7nanuel
Menefes, Which great Fleet being arriv'd at St, Salvador, Toledo himfclf
Landed at
the Fort Antonio, leaving the Command of the Fleet to Juan Fajardo : The
firft thing
he did, was to fet upon the Cloyfter Sewto; which having gained, he left
Serjeant
Troppani with two Regiments in the fame, whileft he went and Storm'd the
Carmelites Minfter, and at laft took it ; but in the mean time four hundred
Hollanders Sallying out, made a furious Onfet upon the two Regiments, who had
pofleflion of
the Cloyfter "Bento, where the Spaniards fuftain'd confiderable
damagejfor befides the
wounding of three Captains, and the lofs of a great number of
Soldiers,there were
flain the Commanders Emanuel Jquitara, Alonfo de Gaua, fedro San SteVan,
Diego EJpi^
Jiofa, and Colonel fedro Oforio. But Toledo no whitdifmay'd hereat, but
taking frefli
courage, brought twenty nine DemiCulverins afhore, which fir'd fo
vehemently
out of the Carmelites 2ind 'Bentos Cloyfters, on the feventeen Dtc/?
Ships that lay
near the Shore, that feveral of them were funk, and others fliatter'd
beyond hopes
^ of ever being repaired. After this the Spanifh Army was divided into
three feveral
Parties, which continually fir'd on the City from three new rais'd Works
; the
chiefeft Party, which was in the Qarmelites Minfter, had twenty three

Brafs Guns
the feconM, plac'd on the great Wall of the Cloyfter Bento, fir'd Night
and Day
with eight Demy-Cannons on the City, in which all things were in a
confufion,
whileft

from the Ho!'

Chap. VIL '- J M E R I'C J, .. 521

whiled the Governor Wtlliam Schouten went unconcerned from one Tavern to
another railing at the Soldiers, who thereupon mutinying and'depoiing him,
choie '
Serjeant Hans Ernft I^yf in his room, who, as he was calling a Council
of War, received a Summons from Toledo to deliver up the City ; at which /^jyf
beino- much
furpris'd;, fent a Drummer with a Letter to toledo, deiirincr him to
arant the Beiieged three Weeks time to-repair and make fit their batter'd Veilels to
carry them
backforHo//W; and alio that they might, according to Martial Cuftom^
march
out with lighted Matches, flying Colours, Bullets in their Mouths, and
with Bas
and Baggage. To which To/^Jo returned Anfwer, That he was now in his own
Countrey, and had gotten pofleflion of four Fortifications about
St.Salvadorj on
which he had planted thirty feven Cannons, and therefore faw no fuch
necefficy to
grant the Befieged (who could not poffibly exped any frcfh Supplies^
fuch advantageous and bold Demands j and onely promised them their Lives fliould
be at his
dilcretion. Yet at laft Willtam Stoop, Hugh Antmf;?;oQn, znd Francis da
hefne hdng st. sah.i^o
fent to the Carmelites Cloyfter, agreed with Toledo on thefe
Conditions : Tka-the\C%lul
Holhndcr s p?ould furrejider St. Salvador in the Condition it ipasthen
in^ march out unarm' d^ SXt
hut f^ith Baggage, and have a free fajfage with froyiltotis and all
things necejfary allow' d them
for their Tranfportation for Holland. Whereupon on the firfl: of My; the
City was delivered up to the Spaniards in fiich diforder, that fome of them had
taken poOeffion
of the Gate Bento, before thofe on the other fide of the City knew of
any Acrttcment that was made between Toledo and Colonel I\yf, And thus the Place
which

had a whole year been under the Jurifdidion of the Netherlander s, fell
again under
the pofleflioa of the Spanifl) Crown,onely through the indifcreet
management of the
Commanders ; for otherwife it was fiifficiently ftrong, and well ftor'd
with Ammunition and Men, being able to make out two thoufand* Moreover, the
Ketch
De Haes,vj2LS fet out before from the Holland Fleet, and brought new^ of
the Forces
that were fent from the Netherland Havens to their affiftance : But the
Ships under
Admiral Lam^ as alfo thofe under Boudewyn Henric:^oon, were f^ay'd a
confiderable
time in their Harbors by contrary Winds^ and at laft reaching the Lme
were becalm'd;, and through the exceffive heat of the Climate many Men loft by
raging and
mortal Difterapers^infomuch that they reach'd not the Bay Todos los
SanStos before
the twenty fixth of M^j, on which they faw the Sp^m//; Flag ftreaming
from the
Walls of St, Salvador, and fifty great Ships riding at an Anchor near
the Shore.
The Netherland Fleets divided into four Squadrons, confifted of thirty
four Sail,
amongft which Lam carry'd the Flag on the Main-top, the Vice.Admiral
Jdrian
Chef;^oon on the Fore-top, the Rere-Admiral Jdries Veron on the
Main^maft, and the
Commander of the fourth Squadron on the Mizne-top : All of them feeing
the Spa^
niards abfolute Mafters^judg'd it moft convenient to put to Sea=but
ftanding a pretty
while to the South, they found that the ftrong Current drove them to the
Shelves
on the Weft'fide of the Inlet j wherefore Tacking about, they made
towards the
Enemy, who at firft feem'd to meet them with twenty eight great Ships,
but returning to wards the City,the Hollanders alfo ftood to Seaagain^
Steering Southerly^
though without making much advantage in their Way, the Sea going very
hollow,
and the ftrong Current fetting them towards the Shore, by which means
they were
in no fmall danger before the River Francifco, where many of the Men
dy'd for
want of frefh Provifions, and the number of the Sick increased daily,
infomnch
that fome of the Ships were like to periOi for want of Men to guide them
: Ic
Was alfo judg'd dangerous to lie longer with fuch a great Fleet near a
Lea-Shore^
therefore they put into the Inlet Trayciaon, which lies a League to the
Northward of

the River Monguapigape , from whence a ridge of Rocks extends

toTayciaon, and being
overflowed

52'

Tae City
Perto Kico
farpriz'd by

Capt Vzicl
(lain.

AMERICA. Chap. VII.

overPiow'd at High-water, hath three Openings or Entrances, two for
great Ships,
and one, the mod Northern, for fmall VeiTels to pafs through ; The Sea
alfo breakin? againft this Cliff never molefts the Ships whatever Winds blow. The
Coun.
trey is overgrown with Branables, and hath a Lake two Leagues long, and
a qnar*
ter broad, on the oppofite Shore of which flood a Village, inhabited by
fortuguefes
and 'Brafilians ; but the fortuguejes flying from thence left the
'Brajilians in abfoluce
pofleiTion : The Hollanders going thither found thirty Chefls of Sugar
in one Hut ;
after which the Admiral Lam caus'd his flck Men to be brought afiiore,
whileft the
Captains <Bofim[e}j, Swart, Dyke, Stapels, and H^^e/, raarchM up into
the Counttey,
where they got plenty of Oranges and Cattel. In the mean time the Ketch
foiken.
Manned with thirty fix Seamen, Cruifmg along the Sea-Coaft o^%'afile,
took three
Ships, one out of the Inlet Todos los San^ios, laden with Sugar and
Tobacco, another with the fame Merchandife from fer?iamhuco, and the third laden
with Wines
from Madera. On the firft oUuguft the Fleet fet Sail again, to the great
forrow of
the brafilians, who out of hopes of being proteded by them againft the
<Portuguefe,

had joyn'd their Forces with theirs 5 but now being forfaken, they
expeded nothina but utter Ruine 5 which to efcape, many of them deflr'd to be
admitted to go
along with the Fleet, which had been granted them, had not the
Hollanders wanted
Provifions for themfelves. The Fleet getting ofl* at Sea, the Adm.iral
Feron ran
with twelve Sail to the Coaft of ^ric^ 5 &nd ^oude^yn Henrkkf^oon kc^t
eighteen
Sh?ps under his Command, the reft returning home with Admiral Lam : and
thus
the Fleet left the unfortunate Haven Trayciaon, where above feven
hundred Dutch
Seamen were bury'd. Boudewyn Henrkkfzoon refrefliing at Qape St.
Vincent, fleer'd
Weflerly, when a Storm (which in twenty four hours blew from all Points
of the
Compafs) furprifinghim, broke his Main=maft, feparated the whole Fleet,
and
funk the Bufhlng Frigat ; at laft getting beyond the liie Firgin Gorda,
the Fleet meeting again, got to Juan de forto ^co about the latter end of September 5
into whofe
Haven Henrkkf:^oon Sail'd with great courage, notwithftanding the narrow
Mouth
thereof was guarded by a ftrong Fort full of Brafs Guns, which fir'd
very fiercely
upon him, who on the other fide was not idle in difcharging his Guns on
the Fort j
and had not the (hallow Water before the City prevented his Landing that
day, he
had gotten a far greater Booty than afterwards he met with j for the
Inhabitants
had, during the Low-water, rcmov'd all their beft Goods : but the next
Morning
before Sun-rifing, the Admiral Landed with eight hundred Men, march'd
into the
City without any refiftance, pitched the States Flag on the Governor's
Houfe, guarded all Avenues, unhoopM all the Wine-Casks which he found there, for
fear his
Men fhould make themfelves Drunk therewith, and fo negled their Duty,
fir'd
from the Land-fide towards the Caftle with three Brafs Guns, gained the
Redoubt, built for the fecurity of the Bridge, which unites the fmall Ifle
on which
<Porto 4<:o is built with the great, rais'd a Platform, from whence he
fir'd Day and
Night with fix Cannons, guarded by Captain T/pjewe, whilefl the
Commander K^^ce/
kept Watch near the Fort ; but his Men being moft of them fick, he could
not do
any great Exploits, efpecially (incc the Spaniards Sallying out, as they
did daily,
kiird many of the Hollanders, and amongft them Captain U;^eel, after he

had fhoc
down two Turrets from the Caftle -, which damage the Enemy repair'd by
taking
feveral of the Hollanders Boats; by which means they could not prevent
frefli Supplies from going to the Caftle the Befiegers in the mean time
beginning daily to
be in greater want for Ammunition and Provifions: whereupon
B^enrickf^oon
judg'dit convenient to found a Retreat, after he had fet the Ships
belonging to
the City forto <^co on fire in four places. In which Retreat he rcceiv'd
fo many
farewel

*'i-'*s

Chap. VIL <a M E'K.IC A. 525

farewcl Shots from the Fort, that they were forc'd to go to the Leeward
to flop
their Leaks, and leave one of their Ships to the Enemy, in lieu whereof
the Wtfi^
C^];^/ Frigat took a Barque with four Brafs Guns, in the little Haven
Sierra Gorda from whence the Fleet ran into the Weftern Bay of the Ifland forto (^co,
where
whileft they repaired and took in frefli Provifions, Henrickfi^oon fent
the Ships Hejler
and 7ow^ richly laden for Holland-^ the remaining part of the Fleet
meeting. with
ftrong contrary Tydes at forto ^co, were neceflitated to put into the
Inlet Francifco^
where they made feveral Marches up into the Countrey, to the lofs of
many of their
Men, which were kill'd by the Spaniards, lying in Ambufcade amongft the
Brambles that grew along by the Ways.
In the middle of January ^ Anno i6i6. He?irkkf:^oon Sailing about the
North of '^"''^^"'''^ ^
^orto <^co^ fteer'd to Domtnicoj and from thence along the Ifles
Martinigo, Lu^a^ and "ff/g-/"""
the Promontory De tres Juntas, towards the Ifland Margarita, where
Landing, and
Storming the Cafl:le on the Landslide with fifteen Men, he gain'd the
firft BreaftTvorks ; but the Spaniards Hopping up the Way along which they were to
return,
they had without doubt been all flain, had not the Captains Sta^el a-nd
EJlienne come

to their afliftance for the Spaniards feeing them climbing up the

Bulwarks, betook
them to their Heels^after they had kill'd nine of the fore-mention'd
fifteen, amongft
whom were the Captains Urkznd Molkman : of thofe that leap'd over into
the Ditch
moft part efcap'd ; thofe few that were taken informed the Hollanders,
That the
Way towards the Village, inhabited by Spaniards, was every where ftopt
up with
Barricado's, through which none were^ible to pafs. Hmdrickf^oon thus
become Nd^"
fterof theFort, fentthe Booty which he had gotten there, together with
three Brafs,
and ^VQ^ Iron Guns, aboard of his Ship, blew up the Fort, burnt all the
Houfes,
and ran into the Haven Muchina, to which he gave the Denomination of
^ort Maurice -^ where, befides a great number of dry'd Fifli, betook forty Tun
of Salt out of
one Salt-pit. After this he taking in frefh Provifions at St, Fe,
difcover'd^Wy, a
Iqw Ifle full of high Trees, took above two hundred Sheep, and abundance
of red
Wood on 'Bonaire, and before the Coaft a Spanijh Frigat richly laden,
made Infped:ions into the Havens of Hijpaniola and Jamaica j from whence he fell
back on the
Coaft offorto %icOy about the Ifland Mo?ia, where difcovering four
SpaniJJ) Ships, he
took three of them, and burnt the fourth ; he alfo got abundance of
Tortoifes and
Crocodiles on the g^tczt Caiman, and took a new Ship between the little
fandy Ifles
faios, as alfo before Cuban Barque, which informed him. That the Fleet
from the
Honduras, as alfo that from New Spain, was daily expected at Havana :
Thence Sailing into the Haven Cd^472^, he took anew Veflelofa hundred Tun, and
abundance
of Timber and Carpenters Tools one the Shore ; he Landed alfo with feven
hundred Men on the Eaftfide of the Flavcn, from whence he march'd along a
narrow
Path a League up into the Countrey, where he found a running Stream,
Paftures
full of Cattel, and a Village, the Inhabitants whereof being warn'd by
the Barking
of their Dogs, fled, and left all manner of frefh Provifions to the
Hollanders, viz.
above two thoufand Oranges, abundance of Lemmons, 'Banartas, Ho^s,
Calves, and
Bacon ; all which having fent aboard, they burnt the Village : After
this they took
a Spajtijh Barque before Havana, as alfo a Ship laden with Timber,
another Barque
with Poultry, Cochenile, Money, and Haberdafliery Ware, one Veflel with

live Tor*
toifes, and another full of Salt, dry'd Fifli, and fome Merch^ndife.
While the
Fleet was thus Cruifing up and down before Havana, the Admiral
Henrickf^^oon
dy'd a Man of moft approved Valor, and of great Condud : After which
Adrian Herkkf coon
Chef^on carry^d the Flag j but the Men mutinying about the dividing of
the Pro-^eS V^'
vifions, which began to grow very fcarce, all things fell into great
diforder thef;Ji'["^'-''
" " - Seamen ,

"1

5^^

A {Irange
kind of Baboon.

Tht Hollanders i 11 Tuccefs

before the
Caftk r>d
A,ne,

A M E'Kl C J. Cliap. VII.

Seamen rebeli'd againft their Commanders, faying, That the^ had been out
long enough,
and that they ivould mtjlay ivaking any longer for the fleet from New
Spain or Honduras :
Wherefore Tieering Home, they all ariiv'd iafe at the 7cxel and other
places in
Holland. ^
in our foregoing Relation we have given you an Account of the Fleet
which
came to afTid the Cityof 6>. 5^/v^Jor, divided into two Squadrons 5
eighteen Sail
!Bo^W)7i H'e/inVA/;^oo?2 kept under his Command, and twelve Sail

remained in the
Admiral Tcrc/z's Squadron, who Sail'd to the Inlet Serve Leona, where he
found the
Admiral John Dirkj^oon Lam with three Ships, which had lay 'n there
above two
Moneths, by reafon of the Sicknefs amongit the Seamen.
Frambore, King of this PlacC;, granted Lain and Veron free liberty to
Hunt, and to
gather as many Oranges and Lemmons as they pleas'd, with which the
Seamen
were fo refrcfli'd, that they fet Sail again, and amongft many other
things carry'd a
Baboon with them (rom Sierra Leona, which fo exadly refembled a Man,
that it
was woaderRil to behold, having a Body, Hands, Eyes, Ears, Feet, and
Adions
like a Man, imoak'd Tobacco amongft the Seamen, made a noife like a
Child when
beaten. The Inhabitants of Sierra Leona, where thefe Monfters run in
great Com.
panics through the Woods, believe that the Souls of the Dcceafcd refide
in them.
John de Laet^ in his annual Journal of thy^ Tranfaaions of the WejlIndia Company, affirms, That he faw a Female of thde monftrous Creatures, which
ufually
had her monethly Flowers.
^ The Fleet, as is before mentioned, Sailing from Sierra Leona, came to
an Anchor
at Co??irr/.mj, and Landed twelve hundred Men zt<Foquena, befides a
hundred and
fifty Negro's ; which Regiment Jndries Veron and Arend Jacohf^^oon carry
'd to the
Caftle DtflMme, whither they before fent a Company, Commanded by Hans
Gryf,
to prevent the Sallies of the En^my. The Hollanders tnd and thirfty,
Encamp'd
themfelves near the Fort, and whilefl fome of the Men were feeking for
Water,
others Imoaking Tobacco, and lying without their Arms and in diforder on
the
Ground, and the Commanders were taking a view of the Fort from a
neighboring
Hill, two hundred Negro's fell upon the fcatter'd Army with great rage
and fury,
and fo much the greater, in regard the 'Tortuguefe had promised them
great fums of
Money for every Ho//.t?2Jer they kiird : never any Arm.y was in fuch a
diftradion,
they being difpers'd and kill'd like fo many Sheep, the Admiral Feron
and all the
Officers (lain, and in a iliort time four hundred and forty Men cut off
j and had
not Captain Jrendjacohf^oon been in League with the Inhabitants of

Qommaiiy, whither th;: routed Regiments fled, not one Man had efcap'd that bloody
Slaughter :
Nor was it to much purpofe to Befiege the Caftle Del Mine, becaufe tke
Bullets hitting againll the Walls of the Caftle, built all of Rocbftones, did no
Execution.
But the four Ships informed of this miferable deftruaion, fell down to
Cmmany,
to fetch thofe that were left alive, and returned home with the other
eleven.
During the unfortunate Expedition of this Fleet, the WeJUndia Company
fitted out
nine great Ships and five Ketches in the beginning of the Year 1626,
under the
Command ofTeter feterfzcon Hem, to Cruife for the Spamjh Ships that
v^^ere expeaed from ]>lei0 Spain and Honduras,
The Fox Frigat being fent before to inform Henrickf^^oon o^Heyns coming,
reach'd
about the latter end of A% beyond the Idcs Vominico, Guadalupa, McVts,
St. Chri/iophersj and by Santa Crux j there not finding a Harbor on the South-fide,
becaufe of
the Rocks, flie SailM from Mona over to the Main Coafl:, where feven
Leagues Weft*
wardofG^r^/vf/?, hedifcover'd a high broken Land, whole Mountains feem'd
to
reach to the Clouds j from thence (he fleer'd to the Promontory Caldera,
the Ifl^s
Marga-

:j

Chap. VIL ^A M E'B^l C 1.

Margarita aad Cod:, on which kft Ke took abundance of Goats, not
witJiout t?K
lols of torty fix Men, kill'd by the SfaimrJs and hdims.
Mean whiie the AdiwA ^cter Heyn, in the beginning of >,, Sail'd to the
Southward oi Barbados, :in liland pretty mountainous, as hath been
formerly mention'd, and full of Woods, and hj Uartimno, whofe Hills are very high
and over
grown with Trees. Here feur Heyn could get nothing elfe but fweet Water
and
a Fruit relembling a green Grape, which grew on a round Leav'd Tree
vvhofe
Juice cur'd the Scurvey. Sailing from henee, and Landing on Gmddupa, lie

foutid
a Canoo feven Fathom long and one broad, and cut out of one Tree. The
Inhabi
tants, a well timber'd People, went ftark naked, and defit'd to be
excus'd, that they
could not furnifh the Hollanders with more Provifions, becaufe the
French and Enz//7?, Inhabitants of Sf.Ctci^o^Wf, had pillag'd them.
Ncar.M.^ the Fox Frigat joyn'd with the Fleet, with information,
that he could
hear no tydmgs of Henrkkf^oon ; wherefore feter Hey,, judg'd it
convenient to Sail
along the South-Coaft o HUpmiola with a feparated Fleet, which was to
joyt, again
near the great Caiman. Near Cafe de Corientes the Dafc/; took a Spanijh
Ship laden with
Sarfapar,lla after that another with Salt and Fift, and on the
Shelves before Coch
before the Promontory Jmonio, a Fly-boat with Tallow and Hides, and at
the
fame places two Vcffels more with Ballaft, the Men whereof inform'd him
that
the Fleet from ^em Spain had about a Moneth before wcigh'd Anchor from
the
Haven Juan de Ulva, and fet Sail to Havana, fo that without doubt they
were arrived there . wherefore <Peter S; fteer'd towards Tortugos, in hopes, if
he could, to
overtake fome of the heavy Sailers. Before the Promontory De Florida he
dilco.
ver d feven Sail, and coming up nearer, above thirty, which,' had
Henrickkoon been
united with feter Hey,hid without doubt fallen into the hands of the
Netherlander s
but It being judg'd amadnefs to fet upon fo great a Fleet with fo fmall
a number of
Ships, tney Sail-d away undifturb'd. Tetcr Heyn fteer'd his Courfe alons
Florida,
where he met three Canoos with firange Men in them, who came aboard of
him
their Bodies bemg naked, were painted with feveral colours, onely Mats
of Rulhes
about their Middle and on their Backs long Taffels hanging down : their
MerchandifeconfiR-edofafort of Gum of little value. The Netherlander! ia
this Place
took alfo a Veffel with Sina Leaves, and fome pounds of Ambergrcece
but the
Scurvey increafing daily araongft them, they Tack'd about, and ran to an
Anchor
at Surra Leona, where they ftay'd till the latter end ol January 1627.
and then fet Sail
to Srafde, and overtook a Veffel f,om Madera laden with a hundred and
fifty Pipes
of Wine, and other rich Goods, and ran into the Inlet Todos hs SanHos

with undaunted courage, not regarding the Guns that were fir'd from the Fort and
Battlements
oftheCity St. Sa/voio;-, near which lay thirty Sail of Ships, to which
he making up
fteer'd between the fortuguefe Admiral and Rere-Admiral, whom finking,
he forc'd '^^^
the Admiral to furrender, whileft the HolUnd.a and Geldria Frigats fell
upon the reft ^V^.
which were forfakcn by the Seamen, who leap'd over-board . then feveral
Mann'd
Boats of the Hollanders (notwithftanding the Enemy's continual firing)
went and
fetch'd off twenty two Sail of the fortuguefe Veffels - all which they
did in three
hours time, onely with the lofs of fifty Men, befides fome that were
wounded
amongft whom was the Admiral, being {hot with a Bullet through the Arm
and
wounded in the Legs with a Splinter ; his Ship alfo was, with the G./n.
Frigat,
driven with the Spring-Tide on a Bank, whence, after the Celria had
receiv'd above
lixty Shot ftom the Enemy, they both got off at laft; but the Admiral's
Frigat be.
ingiliot ma manner to a Wreek,was fet on fire; which Misfortune ended
not there,
tor the Orange-tree Frigat blew up, with fixty Men, fourteen whereof,
though mifeK^ Q Q

"^

'^^

^2^ AMERICA. Chap. ViL

rably icorch'd, had their Lives fav'd. Soon after which the Admiral Tent
into
Boliand tht Ship St. feter, the Hoop, Noftra Semiora de U Vtttork, and
the machLjon,
which befides their Lading of Hides, Silver, Gold, and Precious Stones,
were
mod of them fuirof Sugar which fafely arriving, did not a little
encourage the
Weft'India Company. After this Heyn took two Ships with Slaves from
JngoUy
which becaufethe Governor of 5f. Salvador \^ou\d not redeem, were put

afhore on
Taperica. On the laft of March he fet Sail from the Inlet ^odos los
SanHos, pafs'd by
Morro "Pablo, and on Eafler Eve with a ftrong Gale by the Ahrollm :
before the Highland between Cape Frio and the River T>e Jenero, he difcovcr'd two Sail,
one whereof
being laden with Sugar was taken, but the other efcap'd in the Night
then Sailing on to the meandring Stream Spirito SanHo, he digg d Pits on fome of
the RiverIfles to get frefh Water, becaufe it was not fafe to Land on the
Continent on each
fide, becaufe the Inhabitants fliot frequent fliowers of Arrows from the
Thickets,
in which they lay ambufcaded. Moreover the Town Sprtto SanBo fent off
feveral
Fire-fliips at the time of Flood, but they being eafily quench'd did no
harm. Here
alfo a Velfel laden at Lisbon with Wines and Piece-Goods, was taken by
Hejn, who
fetting Sail again divided the Fleet into three Squadrons, the ViceAdmiral Cornelts Oole keeping three Ships to Cruife withal before the River L^
^lata, Henrick,
!Beft had one Frigat,a Ketch,and a Carvel, to guard the Mouth of the
Stream Jemro,
whileft the Admiral himfelf SailM with four Frigats, three Ketches, and
a Barque,
towards the Inlet Todos los SanBos, where two Ships riding near the
Shore by the
Fort Tapedpe, mttt by him fet on fire. Alfo taking a Barque he was
informed, that
fix laden Velfels lay in the River Tapecl^e, whither he fending fome
Boats to explore
the truth, they found a great Ship without Men in the Mouth of the
Stream, and
half a League farther fix fortu^uefe Veffels lying near the Shore 5
bringing bac^
news thereof to the Admiral, he went aboard of the Fox Ketch the next
Morning,
and taking two Ketches and feveral Boats with him, SailM up the River,
and per.
ceiv'dthat the fore-mention'd fix Ships were gotten up higher, and were
Mann'd
with a hundred and fifty Soldiers, Commanded by Captain <Padtlha ; the
^ortuguefe
Admiral lying in Ambufcade, no fooner perceivM tht Netherlander s Boats,
but he
let flie a whole Volley of fniall Shot at them, infomuch that it made
them Retreat,
and their whole Defign had been fruitlefs, had not Heyn animated his Men
to board
the Vice^Admiralj which encouragement proved fo fuccefsful that they
mafter'd the
fame, killing all Ihofethat fell into their hands j which fo amaz'd the
two Vefl'els

that lay by, that all the Men fwam afliore, and left their rich Lading
to thedifpofal
of the Hollanders, befides which the vanquifh'd Party loft above a
hundred and fifty
Men, and the Conquerors but fifteen. Somewhat farther up lay three Ships
more,
but the River being dry there at Low-water, and fo narrow that the Trees
on each
Shore could touch one another, Heyn judg'd it convenient to profecute
the Defign
no farther, but to return with the three fore-mention'd Prizes, which he
did not
without great difficulty ; for the Tortu^uefe had raisM Battlements on
each fide of
the Moutl of the River Tapecipe, and ftopt the fame with a funk Veflel,
which Heyn
himfelf fet on fire at Low-water, and returned untouched through thick
Volleys of
Shot, which flew about his Ears to the Fleet, leaving the three Ships to
be fetcht
off afterwards, to which end he commanded that they fhould hang fome of
the
taken Hides about the Fox Ketch's Pinnace, the Carvel and Boats, that fo
the Men
which were in them might ftand fecure from the fmall Shot, and the
rather, becaufe the Ships could not be got out of the Oiallow and narrow River but
by Toeing. Mean while the Governor of St, Salvador lay with a confiderable
number of
Citizens and Soldiers behind the fore-mention'd Battlemerus, not
doubting but to
cak e

Chap. VII.

AMERICA,

take revenge for the LofTes fLiftain'd by Heyn. who neverthelefs coming
down thithcr Toed out the three Prize-fhips with Boats hung about with Hides,
firing into
the Enemies Battlements with his great Guns, which he had put aboard of
the Fox
Ketch.- About the middle of ]une he took in the Prize-goods in view of
the City
St. Salvador, where feven Netherland Ships from feveral places lay at an
Anchor.
Setting Sail from hence on the fourteenth of >/)(, and reaching
2N{oro/;o, known by

a Mountain which appears like a Steeple, he met with Cornells Oole's

Fleet, (who
had been Cruifing before Ld flata) with whom he arriv'd fafe in the
Texel, having
in their Way thither from ]>lQro?tho tak'cn a Prize, laden with Sugar,
TobaJco, and
!Brafde Wood. ^
During feter Heyns Expedition Thorns Sickes, fitted out by the
Wefi.India Company, weighed Anchor out of the Texel with two Sail, and coming to St.
Vmcent he
found a Spamjh Veffel burnt down to the Hulk, took a Tortu^uefe Pink
with Slaves
from Angola : Near the Inlet Todos los SatiUos he funk a Barque, having
firft taken
feveral Pots of Oyl and Packs of Linnen out of the fame : Before
fernamhuco he
took a Carvel with a hundred and eighty Pipes of Wine*, and a Veffel
with Sugar
and Hides, and drove another afliore againft the Promontory St,
Auguftlne. But
S/cAes being fupply'd and flrengthned by three Ships from theTexe/, and
four taken Veffels, ran with four toTodoi los SanBos, fent two to Cruife about
Ca^e St.
Auguftlne, and two more to the North oifernamhuco : At the Ifle
l>ioronho they were
order'd to ftay a Moneth one for another, from whence, after much
hardfliip, they
return d home with fo many rich Prizes, that they pay'd their Charges
ten times
double; which fo encouragd the Adventurers, that the Chamber of the
Weftdndk
Company in ^e^/W fitted out three Sail under the Command o[ Henrick
Lucifer,
who weighing Anchor from Flujhing Anno 1 627. fteer'd along the Coaft of
Jfrica
to the Jma^om River, and from thence North North- Weft to the Stream
Wiapoco,
to fettle a Colony there ; to which purpofe Rowing up the River with
Sloops, they
came in the Night to two empty Houles, built at a place calVd
Wacogenive, which
they judgM fit for their purpofe . wherefore they carryM all things
aOiore which
they had brought out of Zealand with them for the new Planters, who
while they
were all bufie building of Huts,a%ro was taken Prifoner, who being askM
why
the Inhabitants fled ? reply 'd, That it was occafion'd from a guilty
Confcience 5
for two years bcforc.a Barque and two Sloops with Qmftians coming
thither from
the Jma^KoneKiwtty had ftay 'd thirty days on Wacogen'm^ when unawares
they were
fet upon by the Natives, and all kill'd except three, who were yet

living. Upon
which Ic//cr,having four Indians, ihxtz Men and one Woman, aboard of
his Veffel,
threatned to put them all to the Sword, unlefs they would produce the
three foremcntion'd Chriftians : Whereupon the next day a German came to the Water
fide,
of whom they could get little Information, he having in a manner forgot
his native
Tongue J but at length the other two coming thither, the eldeft of them,
nam'd
John Hendricf:^oon, related to him. That the <Portuguefe in great
numbers fell upon
the Plantations near the ^/d<.ee River, Govern'd by Captain Oudaen,
who after he
had fought valiantly a whole day, being overpowered by number, retreated
to his
Barque, and Sail'd into the Creek inhabited by the %////;, vjhiihci tht
fortuguefe
following in Gooj, cut off not onely 0J4e;/, but the ^////; alfo,
forty fix Men
onely efcaping in a Barque under the Command of Lieutenant feter de
Bruine to
the River Wtapoco . where they had ftayM about three days, when Sergeant
Matruit
treacheroufly (hot Lieutenant Bruine : after which the forty fix diWded
them,
felves into four Parties J but the Inhabitants to rid themfelves of
thefe Strangers,
under the Ihew of great fricnd(hip,made them Drunk with the Liquor caird
Te%au, .
C c c 2 and

ifiomat Slc\et
his Expedition.

tifer fet out

by the WejlIndU Com^
pany.

528

Ffttr Airianjk.oiitt'%
Expedition.

\A M E %! C A. . Chap. VII.
and then murderM them all, except hinr.felf and two Genn.ns. Which
vilknous aft
Ln.fer judg d worthy of punifhment ; but h>s Orders berng to fhew
Kmdnefs and
Civility to the Inhabitants, he fuffer'd the Murder to go unpun.ft d,but
bu.lt a tri,neular Fort near the River W'-.^.^co, on a HUl eight Fathorr, above the
Shore, to
"prevent the paffing by of Sloops ; which done he went to vrfic the
Ifland ta.
where he caught thtee hundred Goats. From thence he went to tne Bay
o( Honda,
the Inhabitants whereof are a val.ant People, tall of Stature, hav.ng
long Beards
and wearing Copper Rings through their Ears. Near the Sea-fide is a
Salt-pan, of
which the Inhabitants make great benefit. Luafer feumg Sail again from
hence,
met with three Ketches fent out by the WeJlJnSa Company at Jmjierdam,
before
Coneutes. The Commander Virk Smonf^oon yan Uit^ajl, fleering h.s Courfe
towards the Promontory St. Anton, took a Frigat laden with Meal Silk, and
other
rich Goods, and within view of CuU neat the River 5'om, defcrying two
brave
Gallions from Bondur^, bore up to them with his three Ketches^ one of
which,
call-d r\n Lyon, being got betwixt both the Gallions, was in no f^"
d^"". ^^^^
n^etUruJs not being able to get up out of their little Veffel into the
high Ga hons.
in which the Spaniards flood pufliing them down with theit Pikes ; but
no foonet
did the ththerUndcrs throw their Hand-Granado's amongft them, but Uugufl
got
aboard of the Gallion, and carry'd her off, whileft the other by nimble
Sading got
away. With this Prize Mif^"/ thinking himfelffufficientlyennch d, fleet
d home^"joo'llUnfon and CUs Benrickf^oon, Commanding each of theni a Ketch,
took a
a Ship coming S^om Lisbon before <Pernambuco, laden with Meal, Salt,
Wine, and
thirty Monks ; and not long after a Pink with fix hundred Hexro's a

Barque with
Salt and Iron, a Ketch with Wine, and a Frigat with Srafile Wood, Sugar
and Tobacco : Bdorc Itamerica they took two Prizes more ; with all which they
return d
'" rhlwetl,,d,a Company thus enrich'd by the Spoil taken from their
Enemies,
fitted out twelve Ships again under the Command of <PeterAdmnJ^oon Ita,
which
let Sa.1 in the beginning of the Year, 6^8. and anchor'd firft before
Stec. an Ifle
aboundina with Goats.the Ground ftonie, and in fome places Rocky, and
having a
fmall buttery convenient Haven, from whence Ita ran beyond <Porto ^ico,
where
he took a Veffel with feven thoufand weight of Ginger, and Landed
oppofite to
H:fpamola on the flonie Ide Catalma, where he took in frefli Water, and
then Cruis'd
to and again before Ci., took fix Barques, the Prifoners whereof inform
d h.m
That the Honduras Traders were oh their Way coming thither, and that
they had
two f.nall Men of War for their Convoy : Not long after Ita difcovet'd
them
Sailing along the Shore towards the Haven oi Hayana, but before they
could get in.
Captain 'John Meters, whofe Ketch carry'd two Brafs, and fourteen Iron
Guns boar,
ded the Vice-Admiral, but having no Graplings to take hold with, the
Sj^amf) Ship
ran aground, aslikewife >/; feterf^oon in the purfuit of him ; which
the Admiral
feeing, came to affift his Vice-Admiral, and ran aground on one fide of
John feiers,
which drove the Netherlanders Ketch in great danger, (lie not being able
to do Execution with her fmall Guns, whileft the Spaniards with their DemyCannon
play d
vehemently upon her ; neither was Ita, by reafon of calmnefs and
contrary Tide,
able to come up with them, but was forc'd to ftand Northerly, that lo he
might
get an Eafterly Wind, which about Noon always blows freih here, and fo
by degrees got near the Spanijh Fleet, till at laft coming up with the ViceAdmiral, call'd
St.Jago, he threw Five-pots into her, and prefently after boarding her,
enter'dwitiv
that Valor, that of three hundred Spaniards above a hundred and fifty
were flain ;
for

Chap. Vil. <tA M E "S^I C A.

for thofe that leapc over-board were killM in the Water , x^KAc^ Joachim
Guys^on,
John Braems, and Jnthony Gonde fell upon the Admiral Sennorade los
(I{emedios , and
took her. In both thefe Ships Ita took Two thoufand five hundred Chefts
of In.
digo, above Six thoufand Hides, Two thoufand five hundred Packs of
Sarfapanlla,
feveralPotsofBalfamOyl, Seventy thoufand Pound of Ginger, One and twenty
Bars of Silver, Twelve Brafs , and Twenty eight Iron Guns ; all which
having
taken out, he fet fire in both the Ships.
A little before this Vidory , the Fortune Frigat weighed Anchor from
FluJJ?mgwith fixty three Men of War , to be Landed on the Ifland Tahago. At St.
Fmcent
they found two Men that were left of fcven , who having fetled along the
River
Wtapo1i>^ under Captain John Fan(^yen,wcxc forc'd by the falvage Natives
to remove,
two whereof dyed by the way, the remaining five landing on the Ifle
Trimdad, had
three of their Companions killM by the Indians of Granada , they being
French^men,
to whom the Natives bore an inveterate Hatred , fo that they left onely
the two'
Hollanders alive. The Fortune affifted by the South^Jlar Ketch , took a
rich Barque
nesLt the Ijles des Firgines.
Not long after the Wejl-India Company fet out twelve Ships more, under
the ^'V#*ex
Command of Dmd S'monf^n Uitgeeft, (who had the year before brought home
the ^^'"'"
two fore-mention'd great Prizes,) who fetting Sayl and getting into the
large Bay
of the Rocky Ifland Fmcent , catch'd feveral Goats and Tortels. Before
the Coaft
oOBrafile he took two rich Car^;els, one from (pernamhuco , and another
from the Inlet Todos los SanBos ; which Prizes having fent home with three Ketches,
he fayl'd
towards Sierre Leona , known by high and thick Woods , which grow on a
high
Coaft ; from whence returning again to Ternamhnco , he took fix rich
laden Veflels , amongft which was one Gallioon from Goa , with a great Treafure
of Dia.
monds.
Thefe fuccefsful Expeditions of the Fleets fet out from time to time by
the eI^S?
WeU'Indta Company, enabled and encour^Lg'd them to undertake Matters of

greater confequence, vi^. They fitted out one and thirty Sail, which carryed
four thou
fand Men , one hundred and thirty Brafs Guns , and five hundred fifty
eight Iron
Guns ; of which feter <Peters;^oon Bein being Admiral, took near the
Soundings of
Tortuga, two Barques from Ha^^ana, the Men whereof inform'd him, that
the PlateFleet was not yet arrived there , nor that from Terra Firma, but were
both expeded
every day. The ftrong Current drove TeterHein farther EaRward beyond
Hayana
than he expeded , infomuch that he got fight, of Mjf^wc^ , where he
overtook a
Barque fent out by Landronce de Cabrera, Governor o( Havana , to give
notice to the
Plate Fleet of the Hollanders Ships, which he had feen from the Caflle
Morro before
Havana : Mean wh'iUJohn Fan Hoorn took a Veflel which was fent out
before by ch^e t'L
the Plate Fleet , the Men whereof inform'd him that the Fleet it felf
was near at fCS'"
hand; which ^eter Bein found to be true^when the next Morning before
Sun-rifing Sm'^ ''
he defcry'd ten Sayl, of which fomehad ignorantly fay led to Leeward^and
others
to Windward of the Dutch Fleet nineof them which were Laden with
Hides,
Meal, Campeche^^Wood, Cochinele, Indigo, and other rich Goods, were
taken by
feveral Mann'd Sloops, becaufe the Ships were not able to come up to
them by
reafon of the Calm. About Noon feter Bein difcovering nine Gallions
more,
made fudden Chace after them ; which they perceiving, made toward the
Shore,
and about Twilight in the Eveningthey ran aground in theBay of Mi^^wc^,
where
the Commanders Landing faved themfelves, each carrying with him what
Jewels
they could. About Break of Qay fcter Hein made all the Sayl he could
po/Tible to
come up with thera, and feeing them fad aground, leapt into a Boat and
Rowed
C C C 2 UP

takes

II i

<J' M E %I C A. Chap. VII.

up to the Aamiral , who fired eight Guns, whileft his Men got aOiore :
Hm/ap,
preaching the Gallioon, faw no way to get up, till at laft one of his
Men fpying a
Rope, climb'd up the fame, and made faft other Ropes for his Companions
to get
up by', the 5j?4?iwr^V (landing ftill gaping upon him, as if their feet
and hands had
been ty'd , which made feter Hem grant them their Lives ; which the
other Gallions feeing, furrender'd themfelves upon promife of Quarter ; by which
the Spamf^ Crown loft , befides the Musk, Bezoar, Ambergreece , and the Cargo
of two
Gallioons and a rich Prize, above One hundred and fifty Tun of Gold.
The Night fiicccedingthis great Victory being fomewhac Tempeftuous,
drove
the Gallioons from the Bank on which they ftuckthe Day before, into
deeper Water : Five Days they fpent in unlading of the taken Veffels, after which
(peter Hem
fet Sayl with four Gallioons, a new Spanijh Merchant-Man, and his own
Fleet, out
of the Bay of Matanca, on the Seventh of September, Jnno 1628. for
HolUnd , where
in a (horc time he fafely arrivM.
The Expedf.^ The Tjger Frigat fent from Zeala?id,^nd Commanded by Lucas
Tol, Anchot'd betjonof if^ ^^^ [Blanca, where he brought away above five hundred Goats
: This Ifland which
is fix Leagues in circumference, hath on the Weft a Sandy Inlet, fit for
great Ships
to Ride at Anchor; Moreover, it is fteepand Rocky , in the Valleys the
Grafs
grows above half a Mans length. The Woods are overgrown with Thorns ;
the
Soyl alfo would produce much more fruit, did not the Rats, Legumes,
Hedge-hogs^
and other Animals, devour and fpoil the Plants.
(pol leaving this Ifland ran to Tortuga, a low Ifle j except on the Weft
fide ; it pro^
duces Guaiacumj orPocbwood, in great abundance, and nourifhes great
Flocks of
Goats, and hath an eminent SaltPan ; in all which things it is
paralleled with the
Ifland Orchilla, known by its high Mountains on the Eaft and Weft ; the
other part
thereof not being above fix Foot above the Water : To/ Landing here,
carry'd off
above two hundred Goats near the Weftern Shore , whofe bryny Soil
produces

neither Grain, nor Grafs, The Trees which are on the fame are fo dry and
weak,
that they may be pufhtdown with one hand ; Neither are there any Birds
to be
found here, except Owls ; nor Bcafts, except Goats and great Hedge=hogs.
fol
fayling from hence, fteer'd by the nine Wooddy Ifles call'd %occci^, and
the three
caird ^Vw, to [Bowdi/e , a pretty large rifing Ifle , which on the
Korth-Weft hath
a convenient Road, afrefli Water-fpring, ftore of Sheep, oviyNhic\\it\t
Spaniards
live Pock=wood, and Cotton Trees : Then fteering to the Ifle Moiia, he
found
the fame to be furrounded with Rocks, and full of Horned Cattel
difficult to be
catch'd becaufe of the thick Woods, in which grow exceeding good
Oranges, ^ol
leaving this Ifle, fet fayl and fteer'd for Fluping, where he fafely
arrived without having perform'd any remarkable Exploits.
Adrian Pater Mean while the Weft'hdia, Company fitted out twelve Sayl
more , under the
ti"- Command o( Mria}iJohn:^on fater, who fet fayl in the middle of
Jugnft, and Cruifed in vain about the Fle??imiJJj Ifles for Spanif? Ships : About the
beginning of the
Year 1629. he fent away three Ships under the Command of M^/tm Landrode,
from
the Ifland of St. r/Hcet, whileft he himfelf ran with the reft of the
Fleet into the
Inlet Todos los Santos , within a League from the City Salvador , where
there lay
nely feven Barques near the Shore , which he judging not worth the
while to ha=
zard his Ships and Men for, fteer'd to ?er?iamhuco, took a rich Laden
Barque in his
Voyage, and was informed by a 'Brafilian that came aboard of him on
floating Pieces of Timber, that three Sayl of Ships full of Goods were returned to
^ecifa, Co
foon as they heard of the Dutch Fleet : But ^Pater judging no good to be
done there,
returned back to the Cmhheelflands , where near Granada he found three
DutchY^Cfels,

Chap. VIL <iA M E%^I C A. ^. j

fels, which had like wife Cruis'd in vain before the Coaft o^'Brafile.
Moreover, the
fe^a/M, <^aven, and H^rtFrigacs, parted from the Fleet to Cruife about

M;^^.;, ton.
chingat!B/^Mc^, they took above a thoufand Goats, and between the
Cliflft of the
little lOes Monies, abundance of Fifli ; but defcrying no S^anijh Ships,
they SailM to
thtmrndDeFacca, which hath a brave Harbor, delightful Woods, pleafant
Pa
ftures, freOLWatcr Brooks, and abundance of wild Horfes, Hogs, and
Lyons, of
which the Sea-men took an infinite number. Before the low Promontory
Corientes,
overgroyvn with Trees, they got two Prizes laden with C^mpeche Wood.
Thefe three fore.mention'd Frigats, as alfo the mideren and South^ftar
from
ZeMnd, joyn'd with (pate/s Fleet, when he receiv'd Information, that a
confiderable number o[ Spa?iijh Ships were fuddenly expeded from Campeche :
Whereupon
(paters divided his Fleet into three Squadrons, whereof the Forlorn
confided of
three Sail, the Referve of the like number, and the Admiral kept five
under his
own Command : Thus divided, they flood to and again before Cape
Corkntes,
when Captain>/; 5f^/>^/ brought three, and John ya?i Hoorn four
Netherlmd Ships t6
their afliftancc.
Hoorn having fet Sail from the T^xe/ about the latter end oUpril, was
beaten ofri^...sE..
from Granada with poyfonM Arrows, and took a Prize before the Promontory
'''"'"'
St. Anthony, the Men whereof informed him, that the Governor Gahrid de
Chaves
Ofono, an old Soldier, had great trouble in repairing the Walls, Forts
and Houfes in
the City, which two years before had been blown down by a great Storm,
and that
fix great Ships were lading to go for Carthageua with the Gallions for
Spain, becaufe
they durft not Steer by fPorto %o for fear of the ^etherlanders .
moreover, that abun
dance of Ginger was fpoyl'd for want of Veffels to carry it away ; and
that the
Citizens were in great want for Stuffs,none having come in a long time
from Spainm like manner there went none but Copper Coin, fo that nothing was to be
got
there. The Silver and Gold-Mines were not look'd after, the Spaniards
not
caring to work, and the old Natives were long fince cut off, infomuch
that if the
Imperial Court was not kept in St. tlomingo, to which belong d Cumana
and Qro,
that City and Ifiand, and Hifpaniola it felf, would foon be
leftdefolate. Boom therel

fore Sail'd by the Promontory St, Crm;^, being a low Point overgrown
with Trees,
into the Bay, twenty Leagues from the Mouth whereof lie the Ifles Jardin
de k
(p^eyna. Before Qorientes he took a Barque with three hundred and ^i%
Guns, fent
from Havana, the Men whereof informed him, That the Governor o^ Havana'
cMd
L^wrewceJ^O^rer^, having Intelligence of the Dfc/> Fleets approach,
raisMmany
Men, and gave notice to the Ships in all the Harbors thereabouts ; after
which he
took another rich Prize," and joyn'd at laft with Waters Fleet, which
now confifted
of twenty Sail, with which he Steer'd for the Soundings of Tortuga^,
where the
Fleet met with a dreadful Tempeft, wherein a Thunderbolt fplitting the
Main
Yard of the Hunter Frigat, fell down by the Maft, and rowl'd out ac one
of the
Port-holes, kill'd the Purfer, and wounded two more in the Head : great
(howers of Rain fell daily, when Samud Lucas and Captain Outger Minne
brought feven
Sail of Ships more to the Fleet, with which faters put in for frefli
Provifions into
the fpacious and fecure Haven De Cabannas, where feveral Ifles lie,
formerly inha^
bited by Shepherds and Carpenters. .
From hence <Paters Sail'd by Havana, mended the Port-holcs of his lower
Decky
and took off the Top^gallant Mafts, becaufe in September the ufual
Storms begirt
here ; and feeing that he could not do any Exploit with fo great a
Fleet, he fent
nine Ships home, and with the reft went to 'Barbados, where at that time
there were
about fifteen hundred %/i//nhat Planted Tobacco.

531

que'i nx
tion.

i:

JME%ICJ. - Chap. VII.

faters Sailing from hence, ran to the Main Continent o Jmerica^
infpeded the
River Oromque, where he quenched the Town St Thomas^ that had been fet
on fire
by the fled Inhabitants^, and brought aboard all what they had left.
During his fruitlefs Expedition, the f^e/^Jwiiw Company Rigg'd out
twenty feven
P"^'' Sail under the Command oi Henrkk Lonqm, feter Ita^ and Joofi
'Bankart - the LandSoldiers being Commanded by Dicderkk Van Waerdenherg. Lonque coming to
St. Vin
cent, ftay'd a longtime at Anchor there j for in regard the Spaniard in
the Low Conntreys rang'don the Veluft^e, and had taken Amersfoort^ the States of the
United. X^etherlands were forc'd to keep thofeMen in their Service which the Wefl^India
Company
had rais'd j but fo foon as Wefel was re^taken, and the Hartogen^Bofch
won by Fredsrick Henrickj Prince of Orange, thirty fix Sail were fent to Lonque's
afliflance ; of
which forae came fooner to him than others at St, Vincent^ where he had
ftay'd four
Moneths without doing any remarkable Exploit. On St, Steven's Day he fet
Sail
with fifty two Ships, thirteen Sloops, and two Prizes^ all Manned with
feven
thoufand Men, which meeting with contrary Winds and Calms, lay a great
while
under the Line^ the Scurvey began to encreafe amongfl them daily;,
infomuch thac
above twelve hundred lay fick, and three hundred dy'd fince they fet
Sail from
St, Fincetit ; yet at laft Lonqm getting fight of Olinda, fent
Waerdenherg on the fourth
of February with fixteen Ships, carrying three thoufand Men to fa'vo
Morello^ a Wood,
lying two Leagues Northward from Olinda, where he fuddcnly Landed,
notwith*
flanding the fortuguefe guarded the Shore with two thoufand Men, whom
Waerdenherg , after a fliorc Skirmifh , putting to flight, was the whole Night
in Arms,
Takes Olinda and thc nexc day became Mafler of Olinda^ by breaking in on
the North at the fame
time, when Colonel Schutte Storni'd on the South. Moreover, the Enemy
furrendred the two Forts on ^cijfa, and forfook the Ifland.
About the middle of M^rc/? nine Ships which were wanting to make up
Lonque*i

Fleet, came to an Anchor by him, having brought him above fix hundred
Soldiers,
many Guns, all manner of Ammunition under the Command of Lieutenant
Colonel Alexander Seton, and the three Adjutants Jfo/; de 'Brume , Wtlip
Serooskerken, and
Horatim Calandryn, who immediately order'd the Cloyfter on Antonio Vaes
to be for
tifi'd, and built a Fort with four Bulwarks at the Entrance of ^o^ in
the Countrey
<^ciffa. Seton alfo fet fire on the Suburbs of Olinda, in which the
Enemy had Lodg'd
the Night before, and endeavor'd topoyfon the frefh Water on j^ntonio
Vaesy when
on a fudden the l^ethsrlanders fell upon them j two which drank of the
Water dy'd,
and others fell into great Fits of SicknefTes, and it wanted little but
that the Admiral Lonquey with a Company of fifty Mufquetteers, had been kiU'd
returning
from %ecijfa to Olinda, he being unawares fet upon by two Companies of
fortuguefes
and iSrrf^/w^f, who kiird above thirty fix of his Men, and dangeroufly
wounded
fix more, fo that he brought off but eight Men unhurt. The like
Misfortune befell the Wood:cutters on Antonio Vaes, furpris'd by the Tortuguefe from
an Ambufcade.
Whileil Affairs flood thus about Olinda, there firfl arriv'd two Ships
from the
United ]S[etherlands at ^cijfa, noK long after four more, Commanded by
^ohn Walheek,
and eight more under the Admiral Dirik Van Uitgeeji, who was follow'd by
the
Noah Ark,
About the fame time T)irk de gutter fet Sail with fix Ships, and feter
Ita with ten,
to Cruife at Sea.
About the beginning of Fe^r//^r)i, Lonque having put all things in good
order, pre*
par'd to return home, and weighed Anchor with nine Ships. But ha going
from
mrrowiy!'^ %"^^ tp OUuda, to take his leave of the Council there, was
fuddenly furpris'd af-

tta being fet

upon by the
Enemy , efcapes very

ter

Chap. VIL <td ME %^I C A.

ter a.ftrange manner ; he had ninety Mufquetteers for his Guard, whofe
Matches
were all put out, and their Arms all wet by a great fhower of Rain,
which they
perceiving from their Ambufcadcs, immediately got crofs the P>.iver, and
kili'd
thirty oiihtNetkrlanders, the reft running away, left Ita to defend
himfelf .which
he did for fome time with his Sword, but had abfolutely been flain, had
he not received Aid from OUnda,
Becaufe the Porf^^w^yc made feveral Attempts upon the Netherlander s,
not with*
out damage on both fides, the Weft-^India Com^2iny often fent Ships to
their affiftance; and likewife many !Brd///wrdeferting the 'Porfw^/^^/c, joynM
with the Ne^
therlanders, who built a. five-corner'd Fort with Bulwarks about the
Cloyfter on Jn^
tonio Vacs ; which to preventj the fortuguefe ventured many a Sally,
though not without confiderable lofs on their part. They alfo reported, that Frederick
de Toledo was
making thither with ai great Fleet, to drive the Netherlanders out of
(Brafde j at which
they taking the Alarm, put themfelves all into a pofture of Defence,
rais'd new
Works about the Cafllle on %a/^, whileft the Ships which Cruis'd on that
Coafl:
brought in feveral Prizes.
JoJm Walheek being cliofen General by the WefiJndia Company over
^rafile, had a
Defign on the Promontory St. Augufline j but it came to no effed;,
becaufe the Sea.
beat fo vehemently againft the Shore.
The Report of the great preparation of a Fleet which was making readv in
Spain^ mov'd the Wefi-Mia Company to raife more Men, and to fend out
Admiral
Waters with feventeen Ships, which all arriv'd fafe, except the ^lack
Lyon Frigat,
which carrying the Lieutenant-Colonel Eh;^ and Captain Uitgeefij was
never
heard of.

Jooft 'Bankart was alfo fent out in March with eight Ships to St.
Helena, to Cruife
there for the rich Carraks. which us'd to Water there ; but though he
ftayM till Auguft before this fruitful Ifland, yet faw not one Ship at Sea, nor a Man
on the Ifland,
but great numbers of Sea-pies, which arc fo tame, that they fuffer
themfelves to be
taken up with the Hand, or knock'd on the Head with Sticks.
Kear this Ifle Ita took a Ketch Prize,and rallying his whole Fleet tooether^Steet'd
for the Caimans j the moft Eafternlfle whereof being about three Leagues
loner, is
full of Rocks, with a high Point on the Eaft j the other part thereof is
plain. Then
dividing his Fleet into fevcn Squadrons, he made them all ready for an
Engage*
ment, when he was informed by an Engltjh-mzn before Corkntes, th2.t
Frederick de To^
ledo had fet Sail with eighty Ships from Havana to Spain, of which he
had fent back
eight Gallionsto Carthagena: Hereupon bending his Courfe near Hai^ana^ht
put the
whole Countrey to an Alarm, burnt a rich laden VelTelj and another that
carry'd a
Flag on the Fore-top, and a third laden with Ballaft;
Joachim Guyfen being made Commander of the Do/p/;m Frigat, and fent to
joyn
with Admiral Tate/s S^quadron,was driven he\oV7 Jamaica, and at laft
ftrook ao-ainil
the great Caiman, where his VeCfel was all (hatter'd to pieces 5 but all
his Men and
Goods being fav'd, he fpent fixteen Weeks in making a Ketch of the
pieces of the
Dolphin, and brought a hundred and twenty Men^ four Brafs,and two Iron
Guns to
the Fleet, having buried the reft on Qaiman.
Five Leagues beyond Ha^^ana, a Spanip^ Ship laden with Qampech Wood and
Sarfaparilla, being chafed againft the Shore, was fet on fire by her own
Men, which the
Hollanders attempted twice in vain to put out.
After this Ita's Fleet lay long upon the Coaft o( Cuba, but finding no
Sp.inipYcC^
fels, and their Provifions growing fcarce, returned back to the T^xe/,
where they
arriy'd without doing any farther Exploits. ' ^
In

Great Supplies fent to

Brafik by the
Metherletnd ,
Wefi-Indi(t
Company.

534-

A M E 'B^I C A.

Chap. VIL

St', M^rthit
taken by the
Dutch,

The valiant
Exploit of
Jo^M Liehthart.

The Expedition of the

Bro-att'Fjh
Frigat.

In the mean while Tatcr lying before ^unta del Gallo, intending to
Invade the
City built on the Shore of the Ifland Trinidad j but the Fort built at
the Mouth of
the River;, and contrary Current preventing his Defign, he ran through
the middlemoft Hole o^'Boccas to Blanca, where he caught two thoufand Goats and
a ^o^
jiaireyCct feveral Towns on fire, whikft the Spaniards made a Smother of

dry Stubble all along the Fields^ through which the Hollanders were to return,
that To they
might be choak'd with the Smoak j which their Invention had proved
fuccefsful
had not the Hollanders forc'd a Way through a Wood. At laft the Fleet
leaving Hi*
fpaniola^ SttQx'd for St. Martha, a Town built on the Main Coaft between
Cartha^
^ena, and the River La Hacha, being inftigated thereto by a Letter
(taken by the
Hollanders in a Prize) writ by the Governor Hieronymo de Quero to the
Spanify King .
which Letter fet forth the prefent Condition of 5t. Martha, whereby they
conceiv'd
great hopes of a poflibility of tsiking it, and of the Advantages that
would accrue
thereby : nor did it happen contrary to their expectation for the
Admiral Landing
his Men, took the City without theleaft refiftancc ; and though the
great Fort fir'd
fome Guns, yet it foon furrendred on promife of Quarter ; the City alfo
was fav'd
from being burn'd, by paying fifty five hundred Pieces of Eight, after
they had
plundered the fame, and carry'd away whatfoe're they thought good. Mean
while
the Provifions growing fcarce in the Fleet, ^ater judg'd it convenient
to return
home, where he arriv'd fafely with all his Prizes.
Notable Exploits were perform'd by John Lichthart^one of which,amongft
others
ought not to be omitted, vi:^, he fetting Sail homewards from (^^ec/j^^
about the
beginning oiOiioher Anno 1630. chanc'd to fall with his Ship, theO);frj;^e/,amongfl
five Bifcayan Pyrats, Cruifing between the French and Englifh Coaft,
which thought
to clap him aboard on a fudden ^ but they feeing him bear up to them,
were afraid
to venture, and Tack'd about : after which he was fet upon about three
Leagues
to the Northward of the Li:K^ard, by three Frigats belonging toDunkirk,
the biggcfl
whereof carry'd thirty fix Guns, the fecond twency eight, and the laft
twelve with
which three he maintain'd a Fight eight hours, in which he had fourteen
Men kill'd
and thirty two wounded ; his Ship refembled a Wreck, the Main-maft being
fhot
overboard, the Rudder hung by pieces at the Stern, and the Tackling all
fliatter'd
and torn, befides fcven Shot under Water, and not lefs than four hundred
through
the fides above, but not without fufficient marks of retribution on the
Dunkirkeri

fide; hut Lichthart s^etnns^ into Plymouth, m.endcd his Ship, and from
thence Sailed
to Jmjlerdam, where he was Prefented with a Gold Chain in recompence of
his
Valor.
The Expedition of the ^rown-Fifl^ Frigat is alfo remarkable, which
Sailing beyond QapedeVerdj Steer'd hy Cape (?^oxo along the Shore to the River
(r^fc/;/>, at
whofe Mouth lie two Shelves, and between them ran a Channel through
which the
Ships pafs'd. The !Brown^Fifi Sailing about a League up the River, which
is a Mile
in breadth, took a fortu^uefe Barque. The Seamen alfo Landing on the
Ifle !B/7?/j,
fpake fortugucfe with the Natives, who are CoaLblack, and have ftrong
Bodies, go
ArmM with Darts, Bowes, Arrows, Symiters, and were Baptized by a Prieft
fent
thither from Portugal, who with a few Countrey-men had built a Chappel
and
fome Houfes therCc
From hence the ^rown-Fip^ SailM to the moft Northern Ifle5//>^oj, which
is continually at Wars with ^ij^ts. The King of this Ifle receiving fome
Prefents from
the Netherlander s, gave leave to his Subjeds, fliie at firft, to go
aboard of them.
Steering from hence to T^oronhoj they found the Inhabitants carry'd
away, and
their Gardens and Houfes ruin"d, fo that they could get nothing but wild
Pumpions J

"^

Chap. VIL A M E%^1'C A.

pions to refrefli themfelves with 5 therefore leaving the Ille chey
anchored ac
In the interim, whileft thcfe Expeditions were carry'd on as hath been
related
Captain 'John (Boort-eter (who parted from the Admiral Ita's Fleet with
cfoht Sail of
Ships) Cruis'd to and again before Hi//74mo/^ till J^iay Anno 1621. near
M/;?^? he
took a rich Veflel coming from forto (Z(ico, another before the lOand
Facca, and a

third full of Ginger, with which he Steer'd to th^Tortu^aSj being feven

in number
refembling rather Tandy Flats than Ifles. Before Havana he alfo chafed
feveral Veffels, but loft fight of them in the Night. Mean while their Prqvilians
growing
fhort, the Seamen wercdefirous to return ; which ^oon^eter would no way
yield to,
becaufe the time began to approach in which the S^anifi Ships came from
all places
to Bavana ; but the Men mutinying forc'd him to Steer to the Texel,
where they arrived without doing any confiderablc Exploit advantageous to the
WefldndU
Company.
But ac the fame time fourteen Ships, three Sloops, and feven great
Pinnaces^,
weighed Anchor from %ecijfa with a thoufand two hundred and fixty Men,
divided
into twelve Companies, under the Command of Hartman Godefrid and Stein
Calienfels'^ who Landing on the Ifland Tamarica, march'd along a bad and
narrow Path^
partly craggy and partly Tandy, to a Fort built on a high Afcent
overgrown with
Brambles in Tuch a manner, that it was impoiTible for them to break
throiiah,
whileft they in the Fort fir'd continually upon Stein Callenfels, who
judg d it con ve*
nient to draw off, and Storm the Caftle on another fide.
The Admiral ^ater newly come from the Texel to OHnda, Tent three
Ketches, a
Sloop, and two Pinnaces, beyond the Town Tamarica^ to prevent the
Enemies croT.
fing over to the Main, and keep off their Fire-fliips. They alfo
received Information from three Tortuguefe and five 'BrafiUan Prifoners, That the
Caftle, furrounded
with Fens and Brambles, had fixteen Guns ; and that Jlhuquerque had fent
eight
hundred Men to affift the three hundred that lay in Garrifon there
before. The
Captains Le Grand and Jrcijfeusky found two other Ways that led to the
Fort but aL
together unfit to march along with their Men and Guns, (pater alfo Row'd
round
the Ifland with Sloops^ and fathom'd the Water, whileft Arcijfemky
Sailing up the
River to Garafi^ fuppos'd that he had found a much better place to make
an Onfet
on the Caftle in, than had been found out yet 5 but the Council of
Olinda and Stein
Callenfels look'd upon it as too great a hazard to Storm a Fort, to
which the Ways
lay fomuch to the Enemy's advantage, a fmall number in the fame being

able to
beat ofFa confiderable Party j therefore it was judg'd beft,
concluded upon, to
build a Fort on a little Ifle near Tamarica, at the Mouth of
to which
purpofe the Engineer Buuren contriv'd a fquare Caftle with a
Horn.work^
which was call'd Orange ; in which the Captains Jrcijfetukyy
and Beyer,
were left in Garrifon with their Companies, whileft the reft
Regiment return'd to ^cijfa.

and
the River
long
MelUngen,
of the

Mean while Antonio de Oquendo brought a great Fleet to St, Sahadcr 5 and
Callenfels
drew four Companies of Mufquetteers,and a great company of Seamen with
Pick*
axes and Spades out of the Fort Frederick Benrick into the Field,and
marching Souths
ward along private Ways, he found the River ftrongly fortifiM near the
Forts Ajfo, gados^ having above and below a row of ftrong Pallifado's yet the
fortuguefe thaE
guarded thefe Works after a fmall refiftance fled, and left all : But
becaufe a general Alarm drew many People in Arms out of '%^/, and feveral other ^hccs
^Callenfels
drew ofFin good order, and was informed by a Prifoner calfd feterAhes,
that the
Port Ajfogados receiy-d that Denomination from the River on which it
vas biiik ;

The Fort of
'!am-<rica affault A by
ihf Dutch ia,
vain.

55-5 <U M E XI C A Chap. VIL

that tKete lay generally a hundred and fifty Men in Garrifon there .
that about
a Mile farther was the Fovt f trance j that Teter de Acunha bore the
chief Command
next to Jlhuquerque over the Militia^ who us'd few Mufquets but what had

Fire-locksand that they wanted no Ammunition, for fix great Garvels loaden with
the fame
had not long fince flor'd them with great plenty thereof. The
Netherlanders alfo
underflanding by Letters which they had taken, that the Tapuyans were
very much
incens'd againft the ^ortugnefe^ who flood in great fear of thefe
falvage People ic
was judg'd convenient by the Council at Olhida, to invite the Tapuyans
to be their
Friends*
the Butch " On the eleventh o^ Septemher Anno 1 631. Admiral fater and
Vice^Admiral MarFleet, titi ThjlzooHj whofe joint Forces were fifteen Men of War and
three Ketches, carrying nine Companies of Foot, Commanded by Captain Engelhert Schutte,
defcryin^r
the Spanip Fleet about an hour before Sun-fet, animated all the Officers
and Captains to regard their Honor and Oath which they had taken ^ telling
them. That
on this Engagement would depend the Welfare or Ruine of the Wejl-hdia
Company. But his Men were not fo much heartned by his Speech, as daunted at
the
fight of the Spa?iijh Fleet, which confided of twelve Cafttlian and five
fortuguefe Gallions, and twenty fix other VefTels, as Pinks, Fly.boats and Carvels,
all well
Mann'd and full of Guns, the Gallions carrying whole and Demi-Cannons ;
the
"Admiral, called Antonio de Oqnendo, carrying forty eight great Guns in
his Gallion,
caird St, Jago whereas they had received Information but of four
Gallions and
eighteen lefler Vefleis ; neverthelefs fater no whit difcouragM, boarded
him about
ten a Clock the next Morning, whileft Captain ^0/;?!^'^)? boarded him on
the other
fide, which occafion'd a bloody Engagement j and it would have prov'd
fatal to
the Spa?mrdj had not Water's Stern taken fire, which he endeavoring in
vain to put
Imfd' ^^^' ^^^ ""^ coming to his afliftance, after he had hung a good
while by a Rope at
the Spanifh Admiral's Bowe, he was forc'd through faintnefs to let go
and fall into
the Water, whileft his Ship was blown up, a few of his Men onely being
fav'd by
Oquendo. In the mean time Martin Tlpyf;^oon boarded the Gallioii Jntonio
de Tadua^
Commanded by the Vice^Admiral Francifco di Vdle;^lla on one fide, and
the Utrecht
Frigat on the other, which after half an hours Engagement loft her Mainmaft, and
after afliarp Fight of four hours the Fire took hold of her Sails; which

the Nef/?^rlanders not being able to quench, leaped defperately over into the
Spanifi? ViceAdmiral j but he having two hundred and fixty Men aboard, beat them off,
forcing
them to leap into the Water, or fell their Lives at a dear rate. _ But
Captain Thyfi^oon had better fiiccefs, for he not onely funk the Vice- Admiral, but
took the ^oftaVentura Gallion, and likewife gave the Gallion John^aptijla fomany (hot
under Water, that (he fijnk likewife. The Night approaching ended this bloody
Engagement ; and the Netherlanders Fleet much damnified ftood Northwards, with
intention to return to %eclffa. The next Morning Oauendoh:^^ loft fight of
them, butde*
fi:ry'd them again on the fifteenth o( September, and kept in view of
them the fix foU
lowing days, five Leagues from him to the Eaft, or Eaft South.Eaft,
Martin Thyf^on coming to an Anchor before ^cijfa on the twenty fecond of September,
About the fame time the Amfterdam Frigat fet Sail from thence for St,
Salvador^
with intention to joyn with "P^ft'/s Fleet there, but not finding the
Admiral, returned, and near Cape St. Auguftine difcover'd the Spanijl^ Fleet ;
wherefore running
clofe behind them flie received four Guns from Oquendo, which flie
anfwer'd, and
kept at a diftance from them the whole Night, in hopes to meet with one
fingle
VefTel or other belonging to the Fleet ; but the Spa}i!p Vice-Admiral
bearing little Sail, guarded the Rere, and fir'd continually at the Amjlerda?n
Frigat, who fear*

Ad mi
ter drown'

i"g

Chap. Vll. A M ET^l'C A. 537

ing an unlucky Bullet, made all the Sail (lie could poifiblej and
brought news of
the approach of the Si^amfi Fleet to %eciffa. Soon after which the
Elephant came
from the Dfc/; Fleet thither, with a full Account of the foremention'd Enaage-

mcnt, 1;/;^. Thatbefidcs the Admiral fater, there were flain Captain
Thorns Stckes
Qormlllion^ and Lieutenant Steenhergen^ alfo that two Ships^, the Prince
Wtlliamznd the
fovince of Utrecht, were funk : In lieu of which they had taken the
Gallion call'd
TAeiBo^dl^ewfwr^, with twenty lixBrafs GunS;, weighing above fixty four
thoufand
Pounds two hundred and forty Cafiilia?is, and a great parcel of Sugar
and Tobacco Amongft the Prifoners was one call'd Francifco de Fuentes, who being
Examin'd,
gave this Information, V/;^. That the Fleet carry'dtwo Regiments
o[ Spaniards a,nd
one of Italians -, in which three Regiments were four thoufand Men,
under the
Comrnand oi Conde del BangnioU j and that upon the fetting out of
Ferdinandj the
King's Brother, to the Netherlands, all the chiefefl Gallions and
'Dunkirk Ships were
fent for, and Englifh^t^ds hir'd, to convey him fafc to the Flemfrajl?
Coiikj which
made Oquenda fet Sail with fo much the leffer num'ber to St. Salvador
that the
funk Gallion, call'd Antonio de Tadua, had fourteen Brafs Guns in her
Hold, beiides
twenty fix that were mounted.
Soon after a 'Braftlian that had pafs'd by Albuquerque's Army to OUnda,
brought In r^foTapuyan
formation. That he was fent by Jandui and Oquenou. two Kings belonging
to the Ta- t^dr Service
T } <~r> ' ,r r 1 11, 11 n.-r , , O t) t-, the Holpuyansy to enquire n the lopatmgas (tor lo they call d the ]S[etherla?
iders that belona'd^'"^^^^^- '
to the Wefl^hidia Company) did yet refide in fernamhuco, with Proffers
to affiftthem
with their Forcesc Moreover, he informed them, That fince his departure
from
^oudeT^yn Henrickf^^oon^s. great many of the Tapuyans ^etivarel were
kill'd by the Tortugueje near the River Grande and Inlet TrajiciaoH, becaufe they had
affifted Henrickfi^oon, who had left them heiplefs at his departure. He added alfo, That
if the Wep
Mf'4 Company would give the other !Brafilians siny aflurance to aflifl:
the Japuyans,
it would be neceffary to Confult about it near the River Grande.
This Propofal was found to be of fo weighty a Concern, that Ellert
Smienthdn^
fent with the Ship caird The New Netherlands and a great Sloop, to
Si^r^, to make
farther enquiry into the Bufinefs , was accompanied by a Renegado fortuguefe caird Samuel Cochin, and feveral 'Brafdians (whom Henrickf^on upon

their Re^queft carry'd with him from the Inlet Trajiciaon to Holland) who went,
under pretence of vifiting their Relations at the Kivzv Grmde and Siara^ to
invite their Coun*
trey-men to joyn with the N^fkWW^r^. ^
During <S^Jei's abfenee many Confultations were held about the
demolifliina oinda Merer defending of the City Olinda, about which there had formerly been
many Con- m^i''"'^ fcy
teftsj but at laft the Voices carry 'd it, which were for the
demolilliing thereof, in '^ers. '""*'
regard it was of little CGnfequence,and could not be kept without many
Men and
great Charges, becaufe of its bad Situation, whenas their Men might do
greater
Service in other places : Wherefore they began to carry all things
neceifary from
OUnda to %ecijfa, and on the twenty fourth oiN^oVemher the City was fet
on fire with
Barrels of Pitch and Tar, being in a light flame at every corner,
whileft Stein Cailenfels drew off the Garrifon in good order to ^cijfa ; and immediately
fixteen hundred Men under his Command were put aboar^l of fixteen Veffels, with
intention
to go to Tarayha but the Enemy having a fortnight before had notice of
this Defign, had fortifi'd himfelf all along the River. Callenfels approaching,
efpy'd twelve
<Porff^^w^/e Standards, and the Men ready on the BreaR- works to prevent
his Landing ; yet neverthelefs he not regarding their Bullets^ prefs'd in
amoogft them, and
forc'd the Enemy from his Works.
Kear the Water flood a Stone Caftle, and on one fide of it a large
Store-houfe .
D dd

oa

tempts to
take the Ci
ty, but with
out fuccefs.

558 ^ M E 'Kl C A. Chap. Vil.

on the Mountain near the City appear'd the Francifcan Cloyfler j the
Fort rais'd of
Earth had four Bulwarks, and twenty fix Guns, according to the
Information of
the Eye-witnefles DreVts and !BerJlery who were fent thither as Spies,
cMie>:fe!s at- Q^iknfds. Landed not fo carefully but that he loft forty
Men, either kill'd from
behind the Breaftworks, or out of a neighboring Wood. Being inform'd by
a ^ort/m<^yePrifoner, of the ill Condition of theTown^ and how flendcrly it
was provided, he immediately rais'd a Sconce, two Watch-houfes, and a Pallifado,
from
which he fir'd with two Guns on the Caftle, and madefeveral Trenches .
but the
Befieged were ftronger in People and Guns than the Befiegers, who being
fcarce
able, by reafon of their fmall number, to keep Guards in all places,
were alio tir'd
out under a hot Climate, and fainted for want of provifions, infomuch
that in
two days there dy'd and fell fick above two hundred ; wherefore
Callenfels judg'd it
beft to draw oif in time ; which that they might do fecurely, they made
a Redoubt,
and the fix Companies Commanded by the Captains ^edimhoye?i, Meppekn^
Cloppen*
hurg^ Schetik, ^yma, and Cooky refolv'd upon a defperate Attempt, as
folio weth :
Marching privately through a Wood behind the Enemy's Works, they fell in
at
one fide upon theTortuguefe Trenches, from whence they drove them after
a fmall
refiftance, and forc'd them to flie towards the Fort, whither they were
purfu'd with
fiacheagernefs, that thofe who were in the Fort, left the Hollanders
might get in with
them, lock'd up the Avenues againft their own Men 5 a"t which they were
foamaz'd,
that fome of them climb'd up by the Walls of the Fort, but were either
killed by the
Aflailants, or knock'd on the Head by their own People, becaufe feveral
Hollanders
went to climb up amongft the Tortugueje j the reft running about the
Fort, fell into
the midft of the MetherUnders, where they were all cut off, being in
number above a
hundred. The Hollanders alfo in this refolute Defign, had about twenty
Men kill'd,
and fifty wounded ^ after which they put lighted Matches on Sticks in
their EneImy's Works, as if they had never made any Attempt on the City Tarayha.
Whileft this Expedition fell out fo unfortunately;,Sw/^f performing
his Voyage,

found in the Inlet Trajiciaon a Tortuguefe Veficl hal'd near the Shore
under the
protevStion of two Pallifado's 5 wherefore luppofing ic beft not to make
any Attempt
on the fame, he ran to an Anchor before Uhranduba^ twenty Leagues below
the Ri^
\Qr Grande '^ where the Natives ^^rnW, T^cow, Jraroyaj and Matauwey who
had been
in Holland J Landing, went to fee, and (peak with their Countreymen to
joyn with
the 'Hetherland Wejhindia Company ; and fome days after the Seamen
Landing acrain
in the fame place, met with Tacou, together with eight more ftout Men,
and feventeen Women and Children, whocarry'd a flain Tortuguefe call'd Juan
Terera^ to the
KivQt Grande jshouz vjhom they had found Letters containing the whole
Condition
oi Siara ; which the 'BrafiUans imparting to Smient^ht fent a Ketch
thither before, and
foUow'd after himfelfj they Steer'd along the Shore beyond the Shelves
Guamarejjy
the Mountains Sailinas and ^orto de Mel^iht Haven De Onces^and River
Juaguarive, to
the White ^oint^ where the 'BrafiUans Landing fpake with their People,
and towards
the Evening brought good tydings, and defir'd that they might be Landed
ac Stara,
where they would put their Defign in practice : Smie}it following their
Advice,
' receiv'd them aboard the Nn)? Hetherlandj and Sail'd along by the
fquare Fort S'lara
towards a fmooth Shore on each fide, hedg'd in by thick Woods, where the
^Brafili*
ans intended to Land 5 but the ^ortugnefe^ and BrafiUans belonging to
their Party,
being gotten into the Wood before, fir'd fo vehemently, that they were
forc'd to
Retreat, and Sail five Leagues farther beyond the Cape Opefie, made
daogeious by
the many blind Cliffs that lie about the fame. Sfnient anchoring here,
Landed the
!BrafiUans, on promifethat they would return in two days j but the
Seamen feeing
fi^mctimes

thers.

Chap. VIL ^ <tA M E%^I t A, ^.^

fomecimes ten, fomecimes fifceen ArmM Tortu^uefcs aQiore, judgM that tKe

Brafiii^
ans had been (lain by them, and therefore weighed Anchor to tlie great
dilTike of
the R''^y?-I;/(i/^ Company.
Since this unfuccefsful Defign on Tarayha, the Council at 9^affa were no
whit
difcourag'd, butrefolv'd to make an Attempt on the River Grande with
twelve
Ships and two Sloops, carrying ten Companies of Soldiers, befides Seamen
. but by
reaion of the difficulty of Landing (becauie the Coafl being very
Rocky,' makes
the Sea go very hollow) the ftrength of the Place, both in refpec^of its
Fortification and number of Defendants, and the joyning of the <Brafiiians with
them, they
were forc'd to return without effeding their Defign.
About the lame time eight Sail arriv'd at (^affa from Holland, and
Jonnthm de ^.^^ E.pedi.
Hekker, Corners Corneli/^oon, alias Houte-been, and '%m/Vr feterf^oon,
fee out with three ?" ^Ll'^'
Frigats from the T^x^/tothe Ifle Facca, where with Hunting, Fifliing,
and gather- '"''' "'^ '
ing of Fruit, they refrefh'd themfelves, and afterwards SteerM to the
River ^Magda.
Una, difcernable at three Leagues diftance by the thick yellow NJ^ater
it difcharges
into the Sea through three Mouths. Between the Weftern and middlemoft
Mouth
lies an Ifle in the middle of the River, behind which Houte^heen came to
an Anchor,
Whileft Nekker and feterf^^oon kept Guard near (punto Verde j where
though the Wind
blew very frefh in the Night, yet the Water remained fmooth : About Daybreak
ISlekker difcovering a Sail, made chafe after the fame, but not able to
come up with
her, loft her the following Night, and in the Morning fkw a Barque,
which running afhore was fet on fire by Teterf:^oon after which Kekker chafed
two other
Ships, which like wife getting from him, he flood offat Sea out of fight
of the Illes
Zamha, which are low on the Weft, and Hilly at the Eaft^end, wher^ the
Sea beats
vehemently againft a Promontory, and chafed a Barque afliore, whither he
fent a
Boat with eight Men i which being beaten to pieces by the Waves, drowned
four
of them, and the reft getting afiiore were kill'd by the Spaniards. Soon
after
which four Spanijh Ships fet Sail after ]S[^ekker and ^eterf;^oon, and
had not the Night
favor'd them they had been but in a bad Condition ; for they were
notable to get

their Sea=men aboard, who having taken fome Wine afliore, had made
themfelves
Drunk i about Day.break they defcry'd thtfom Spanifl? VelTels, which
were gotten
To far from them,that they could butjuftdifcern them from theMain^top.
NoTlong
after they took two Barques, and came to an Anchor behind Zamh a by
Houte-heen,
who being driven by a Storm out of the River Magdakna to Jamaica^ had
chafed
a Barque afliore there, and a Ship with four hundred Neg^ros againft St,
Martha, and
fince took a rich laden Barque near the River Magdalena. In like manner
Kekker and
feterf^oon took a Ship coming from Caraques, leaving Houte^^been alone
before Ma^da.
lenay who not long after difcover'd eighteen Spanip? Ships near the
Highland
St, Martha, whicb were Steering to Carthagena-^ one whereof belonging to
Carthagena
he made Prize of, but was forced to forfake her in a great Storm after
the ceafing
of which he took another Frigat, the Men whereof inform a him, That the
Admi:
ral Thomas de Cafyure was going with eleven Ships from Qape Antonio to
Porto 'Belo, to
lade the 'P^r-i;id?2 Silver there. The Ship with ^/i^o/^w Negro's,
taken by Houte- been,
he fet free, but kept a Frigat laden with Tallow, Hides, Tobacco, and
Flefli,which
he had taken juft before the Coaft of (^io Grande j and thus he went
Privateering up
and down, when the Plate-Fleet from Tiew Spain weighed Anchor from Juan
de Lua,
the like of which in Riches had never fet Sail before, for it carry'd
216^340 (liyals
oT Eight 01: the Merchants, an unvaluable Treafure for the King,
befides many
rich Commodities which feveral bought upon their own Accounts, that were
not entred in the Cuftom^houfe : all which Treafure, laden in
nineGallions, beD d d 2 fides

:: ^'' I'

AMERICA. Chap. VI!.

fides a confiderable number of Frigats and imall VelTels, was committed
to the
Charae o^Uigud deEchacareta-^ buthe dying before the Fleet fee Sail,

Manuel Serano
de O^tL^ wasthofen Admiral- but a dreadful Storm arifing as they were
Sailing be
fore the Coaft of Q^m^eche in their Way to BaVam, the whole Fleet was in
a manner
utterly deftroy'd, with a mod unvaluable Treafure : The Admiral, ViceAdmiral,
.. . Gallion Terefa, and feveral other Gallions, funk, with at leaft
two thoufand Men, a
* i great number of Perfons of Quality, and amongft the reft the
Marqueis Salmas, who
' . , was moft treacherouOy Hain by thirty Perfons, who made themfelves
Mafters of a
^X:.s ^-^ .^^o ^h-^h he went for fafety out of the finking Admiral J
ufeppe : That
fTb'i:weis ,^hich inftigated them to this horrid A^, was the fight of a
fmall Trunk of Jewels
whichhecarry'd into the Sloop: Notlong after fallmg out amongft
themlelves
about dividing the Spoil, feveral of them were difcover'd, apprehended,
and put to
This Fleet weighed Anchor the day after their Adnural Miguel de
Echacareta was
buried who d/d fo fuddenly that he could make no Will. A feuT days after
the
departure of the Fleet, a hundred and feventy Houfes were burnt at Juan
de Lua, It
appears thatthe Spaniards out of fear of the Hetherhnders, fet Sail on
the tenth of
October, notwithftanding it was at an inconvenient time, becaufe about
that Seafoa
the Hurricanes rige moft terribly in the Bay of Vera Cruy:^
By a Letter from the Treafurer Franafcm Suare^i it appears, that the two
Regiments in the City St. Salvador, the one Commanded by Chriftopher SV^exia
^ocamgra,
confifting of nine Companies, each of fixty Men, and the ether Commanded
by
Vafco de M/f.m2^, confifting of thirteen Companies, coft the King
oiSpam yearly
21515 /. to maintain them.

...M'sEx. The KetherUnd Council at ^c\ffa no way difcouragd by their

fuccefslefs
'''^'' Attempts made the laft Year on (^0 Grmde, fent thirteen Companies
of Soldiers
aboard of feventeen Veifels, to build a Fort at the River Formofa, where
the <Portu.
zuefe being too weak to rcfift them, fet fire on a Storehoufe with
three hundred
Chefts of Sugar, and fled. Walbeck was Commander in Chief m this Defign,
who
Landing on Formofa found no fit place to build a Fort in, becaufe the
Shore, not
being above a Mufquet-Oiot broad, was inclosM with Woods, behmd which
lay
high Mountains that Commanded the Shore therefore marching to Sermham
he
burnt feveral Houfes and a new Sugar-Mill, near which in a Store^houle
he took
twelve hundred Chefts of Sugar, which for want of Carts he could not
carry to his
Ships. Alfo before ^oz-to Caho he burnt a Carvel, and took a great
number of Cattel onCmarigthi, and return d without any farther Exploits to %ectffa,
vjhcvt the
Cruifers had brought in feveral Prizes during his abfence.
; , The Council refolving not to fit idle, fet out another Fleet of
eighteen Ships
" under the Command of Martm Thyf^oon, with a Regiment of foiuteen
Companies
under Stein Calknfels,
This Fleet approaching Cape Juguftin, they found a ridge of Rocks along
the
Shore, aaainft which the Sea beat with great vehemency ; at length they
came be
fore a fnrall Inlet, at whofe Mouth lay a fmall Fort from which the
Enemy fir'd upon the MannM Boats which Row'd by the fame : at fome diftance they
difcern'd
two Breaftworks, one rais'd above the other near the Shore ; on which
when the

Hollanders thought to Land, three hundred fortuguefes fir'd at once upon

them ;
and on a Hill not far from thence appeared more Men, which amaz'd the
Council
of War, for the Inlet was fo narrow, that not above fix Boats could Land
at once ;
and it was evident, that though the Enemy fhould chance to be beaten
from behind
his Breaftworks, yet th^ Hollanders would lie exposed to the Enemy's
Guns frofn the
Fort

The ExneJitiono{ Militia Thyf^oon

and Siein
Citihnfds.

!>' ' I

Ghap. Vil. A M E%^I C A,

Fore Nj^^m/; built on the Mountain ; befides, N^;^4m/;, if gain'cl,
tould fcarce be
defended, nnlefs the whole Mountain were Intrenched round, which would
not
onely be very chargeable, butalfo impoffible, becaufe of the red Earth,
altogether
unfit for Fortifications ; and the barren Mountain afforded neither
Wood, nor any
thing elfe ; \^t^\^ts, the Storming of it would be very dangerous : The
Entrance
into the Haven was difficult, becaufe a flonie Bank before the fame
fuffer'd no Paffage but betwixt fmall Openings j the chiefcft whereof was guarded by a
WaterCaftlc, and farther within by the Fort ^unuzl, i^long the Sea-fliore
their Landing
was prevented by the violent beating of the Waves, and a great fquare
Tower on
the Way up to the Fort Nai^^areth, whofe Church is feen at a great
diftanccoflPat Sea.
AH which confider'd, they judg'd it beft to draw off their Men again,
and To they
return'd without having effe^cd any thing to the purpofe, onely Captain
5c%e
took two Carvels with five hundred Cheftsof Sugar in the Kiv ex Formof
a.
Soon after Martin Thyf^oon being fent out with twenty two Sail, fent

four Ships
for Holland with the Lieutenant-Colonel Stein Calknf els, and the
Councellor Serooskerken j yet thirteen Sail remain d ftill before the Coaft of <Brafile^
under the Com*
mand of Captain John Maft, who whilcft he flood to and again from the
Shore,
and Cruifing up and down, the Governor of !2^e/^ and Colonel (liembacJ?
march'd
with five hundred Men and forty Negro's, from (Z(ea//4 about fix a Clock
at Night,
by Olmda along the Shore : Whereupon the <Portuguefe Horfe-watch ran
inflantly to
^eal, two Leagues from Olindd, to give notice thereof to Albuquerque j
but they furmounted all the Difficulties they met with by the Way (which were the
greater in
legard of the abundance of Rain that had lately fall'n,)and on the firfl
of M^^ 1632.
came to the City Garafu about Noon ; where whilefl: ^emhach flrood fliU
in good or=
dcr with three Companies, the Governor o[<l(edffa fell upon the Town
with three
Companies. The Inhabitants had not the Icafl: thoughts of being molefted
by the
Netherlanders there, becaufe they judg'd the Ways which led thither
could not be
pafsM in that rainy Seafon. Inthe firfl OnCct a. hundred fortu^uefes,
mofl: of them
great Merchants, were flain, they being come thither with their Goods
from Olinda ;
and amongfl the Prifoners which they took, were fix Francijcans.
This Vidory the Hollanders obtain'd with the lofs but of eight Men, and
twenty
five wounded, befides Captain %emhach, who was alfo wounded. The
Governor
of (2(^fd^4 entering the City, ftav'd two hundred Pipes of Wine, to keep
his Soldiers
from over.drinking j and becaufe there were many fair Women there, he
caus'd
them all to be lock'd up in the Church of St. Co/mo, to preferve them
from the Soldiers outrages.
The Priell Duarte Mende^Serraon{z Letter of whofe yo/;7i de Laet quotes)
values the
Booty carry'd away by the Hollanders from Garafu, at 9000 1. SterL
befides the damage which the Place fuffer'd, being almoft ruin'd. He relates farther.
That the
City call'd filla de Santo Qofmo de Garafu lay five Leagues to the
Northward from
Olinda- and that in it were three Churches, v/;<. Of^nu^, Mtfericordia,
and Heremt:^
tage de Santa Crux ; as alfo two Cloyfters, V/>;. Invocation de Antonio,
inhabited by

Capuchins, and another dedicated to Francifcus, inhabited by Perfons of

his Order .
That the chief Church Cofmus, built like a flatrooPd Houfe, had a fair
Entrance]
before which flood two Turrets, and in them hung Bells ; That the
Franclf can
Cloyfler was inclosed within a great Wall in the middle of a pleafant
Garden, and
had on each fide a Tower j That mofl of the People who kept the Feafl of
St. fhi^
lip &nd St, Jacob, were at M^^ when the Hollanders came thither, and
though they
faw the Soldiers out of their Windows, judg d them to be Tortu^uefes,
who (as it
was reported) had a Defign upon Tamarica,
^ Bdd 2 the

The City of
Gfiraju fur-,
pris'd by the
Hollanders,

DefcriptioH
oiGarafti.

^J\.l

>i':l

The Hollanders Councels betray 'd

to the Portuguefe by Leonard vatf
Lent,

A M E %^l C A. Chap. VIL

The Governor of ^eciffa nurching with his Booty from Garufa, fee feveral
Houfes on fire and march'd towards the Fort Orangey on the Ifland Tainarka,

Jlhnquerque
inform'd thereof, difpatch'd a ^pdwi/^ Regiment, Commanded by Colonel
Ferdmand
LudoVico ^arhalho, and faulo de feradoy with a confiderable Body of
Volunteers j but
they all came too lace : Whereupon the fortuguefes^ being thus kept in
continual
Alarms afhore, and fuftaihing every day more and more Loffes at Sea,
began to
defire Peace, and the rather, becaufe they could not hear of any Fleet
coming from
Spahi to their afTiftance j and hearing a Report, that the Weftdndia
Company were
making great Preparations. To which purpofe feter Jlvares (acquainted
with the
X>utch Commanders, as having been their Prifoner) was fent by Duarte de
Jlhuquerque (to whom the Lordfliip oifeniambuco properly belong d) and by
his Brother
(being General of all the Forces in Sr^/i/^) to ^eciffa, to Treat about
the deciding
of the Differences between them and the Netherland Weft-India Company :
But the
Council in (S^eciffa weighing the many Difadvantages that would enfuc,
if they
fhould upon eafie Terms patch up a Peace with the fortuguefes, return d
Jlvares this
Anfwer : "That the JVeft-India Com^zny was refolv'd, to the utmoft of
their
' power, to keep all thofe Places which they had taken by fcKce of Arms
j but that
" if he could move Albuquerque to deliver up the Countrey to them, he
fliould be
'^ bountifully rewarded.
After this the Hollanders Landing zt'Barra Grande, took great quantities
of Wine
and Tobacco, and burnt two Villages ; as alfo the Sugar.Cane Fields^,
and SugarMills on Catuwanhay alfo one at !Barra Grande , and three at 'Porto
Francifco,
At the fame time the Hollanders alfo fcatter'd Letters amongft the
fortuguefe, fignifying their trouble for the great effufion of Blood in thofe Parts,
which was occafion'd by their own ftubborn and unreafonable Proceedings j likewifc
intimating the great Preparations that were making on their own part, and on
the other ^
fide the great unlikelihood, and indeed impoflibility, as things then
ftood, of
receiving farther Succors from Spain,
Thefe things bieng powerfully urgM, had perhaps taken greater efFe^ with
the fortnguefesj had not the fecrec Counfels of the Netherlanders been
betray 'd

by Leonard Van Lom^ Overfeerof the Prizes, and Tranflater of the

fortuguefe Letters,
who confefs'd that he was perfwaded to that villanous Adion in Jmfterdam
by a fortuguefe Mtrc\\2int, call'd Duarte ^odrigues Dehes, with whom he had made
fome
Agreement ; and for the better confirmation had receiv'd the S
acra7}ient u^on it of
an Amfterdam Priefl : His Agreement was, ^'- That he fhould go to
%edffa, enquire
*' after all Concerns, and give fpeedy advice thereof to ^ocque de
Barros which he
did by a Mulatto, who carry'd Letters between them.
This Villain the Council judging worthy of Death, firft caused his two
foreFingers to be cut off, next his Head, and afterwards his Body to be
divided into
four Qu^arters. The Mulatto was likewife Beheaded.
About this time the Treafurer Ceulen\icwmo the Ifle Map, found the fame
to be
furrounded with fleep Rocks, abounding with Horfes, Afles, Partridges
and Goats,
befides two Salt-pans. The Inhabitants, which go Arm'd with Half*pikes
and
rufty Hangers, arefaid to be a fort o^ out'\a.vj'dTortugue/es, to the
number of thirty,'
amongft whom was one Woman. They had a Governor, call'd AmarOj to whom
they gave yearly eight thoufand Goat-skins.
Ceulen Sailing from hence Steer'd by the Ifland VelVogo^ known by
great
Mountain, whofe high top vomits Fire. Not far from which he took,
Ship
St, Teter laden with Wine, with which he return'd fafe to ^ciffa,
a while
after Gjjfelling arrived alfo, and was no fooncr Landed, but four
two Sloops,

a
the
where
Ships,

~ " " ' fix

Chap. VIL A M E K I C
iix Gock-bats, a Barque and a Hoy, fee Sail under the Gondud o^ John
UuH with
four or five Companies of choice Mufquecceers, Commanded by Colonel
Schuppe,
who Landed behind the ftonie Bank of the Kivev Alexia ^ furpris'd fome
Tortu^ue/e
and 2s[e^ro's in their Houfes, and march'd in the Night fo faft, that by
Day-break
they were got to the Shore of the River Formofa^ where they took two
rich ladea

Fly-boats and a Carvel ; and afterwards Landing in the Road Camarigthi,

they rook
fifty ^ortuguefe'm a Village, as alfo a Store-houfefuUof Chells with
Sugar and Tobacco, burnt all the Buildings thereabouts, and amongft others a brave
Sugars
Mill : Captain ^ymd burnt alfo an eminent Sugar.Mill near the Brook
Maria Farinha, Martin Tl?yf:^oon lay a long time under the Line ; but at lad
getting to the Ifle
Facca he gave each Captain his Orders, and divided the Fleet, which
joyn'd again
before Havana, pafs'd through the Straights (Bahama (where he met with
greac
Stormsj and many other Inconveniences) to Holland, But Galeyn van
Stapeh, who
parted with a Frigat from Thyfzoons Fleet near 'Bonaire,. Steer'd by the
Promontory
Cotoche to Sifal'j which Village having plundered, he fet it on fire,
fetch'd a Barque
in the Night from the Road oi Campeche (whofe City is feen at a great
diftance offat
Sea, by the white Cloyfter Francifco) and fo fet Sail for Zealand,
Houte-heen arriv'd
alfo about the middle oijune with a rich Booty in the Texel.
Not long after Houte-heen weighing Anchor with the Otter Frigat,
returned to
^ciffa, and in his Way thither took a Ship laden with Wine. Colonel
Schuppe immediately upon his arrival had a Command given him of five hundred Men,
and
John Lichthart of three Sail of Ships, a Pinnace and Rvc Sloops ; with
which they fee
Sail to the River Formofa. Schuppe Landing his Men there, march'd up to
the Fort
Formofa, fortifi'd With Moats, ftcep high Walls, and four Guns, Storm'd
and took
the fame, killing all thofe that were in the Garrifon, except the
Governor Teter JU
huquerque : In which Vidory neverthelefs the Hollanders loft the valiant
Captain
^hilhert du (Bajfon, who being (hot in at the Throat with a Bullet,
which came out
behind the Ear, dy'd of the fame, the Wound immediately feftering, to
which all
Wounds are very fubjea in Brafile. The Hollanders alfo burnt four laden
Barques, a
Store-houfe full of Sugar, and puU'd down the Fort they had taken.
Setting Sail again, they Landed to the Northward of the River Jntonio
Grande^
where they gain'd a Platform with five Guns, deftroy'd fix Ships, and
took two
more in the Haven Camarigihi j from whence they returned to %eciffa,
after having
fpoil'd and taken thirteen of the fortuguefe Ships, feveral Sugar-Mills,

Store-houfes,
and a Caftle.
The 5W Frigat came alfo in a fhatter'd condition to ^ciffa^ having been
En=.
gag'd with 2,Spanip? Gallion carrying twenty eight great Guns, and full
of Men,
which neverthelefs flie would have mafter'd^ had not an unfortunate S^ot
fpoil'd
all her Rigging.
About the fame time the Captains Byma, Everwyn, and ^nkitJ^^ fet Sail
with their
Companies in three Ships to forto Francifco, where Landing, they burnt
three Sugar*
Mills, befides feveral other brave Buildings, and brought away a rich
Carvel,
whiU^ Laurence Van ^mhach was made Colonel in Vfaerdenhergs place, and
Sigifmmi
Schuppe Lieutenant-Colonel.
The Proffers which the Tapuyan Agcht made to the Hollanders had been
very advantageous, had not the Summer Seafon been too far fpent : for he had
promis'd,
That if they would Land a confiderable Party of Men two Leagues
Southward
from the River Grande, all the Tapuyans G^iowld joyn with them, and
affift them in
driving the 'Porfge/^ out of iBr^yj/g.After this Schuppe and Lichthart Mcnt with thirteen Companies of
Soldiers, and
' " ^ . . ' swd

Schuppe arid
Lichthart take
the Fort formofa.

5f 4-

AMERICA. Chap. VIL

two hundred Seamen, to fall upon the Enemy's Camp at the Jfogados, where
Alhu
querque had rais'd feveral Works, partly for the iecuring of T^r^a, the
bed Spot of
Land in all ^ernamhuco, where there are likewife more Sugar=Mills than
in the
whole Countrey, and partly to keep an open Way between Arryal and the

Promontory St. Augiijltm : To which purpole they marchM by the Fort JbmiUa
along the
plain Countrey, to the Stream Ca^tymhi, which they had crofs'd before
the ^ortugucfe knew any thing of their approach, who being but a hundred and
thirty, forlook their Works and ran into the Woods j but aflifted with four
Companies of
Italians, they SallyM out o^ <^eal, and fell with great eagernefs on the
Seamen, who
being guarded by forty Mufquetteers were raifing of Works in the Road
which
leads w (Ileal, and put them to flighty but being rally'd, and feconded
by Colonel
(Jedburgh, they drove the Enemy into a By-way, guarded by ^yma and
'Bongarfon j
where being ftopt, and Captain Clo^pihurgh from another fide falling in
amongft
them with his Mufquetteers, they became encompafs'd, and had been all
(lain, had
not U Grande, by making way for Clo^penhurgh, given them an opportunity
of getting away between them.
The Council at %edffay to fecure the footing which they had got on the
other
fide of the River CapaVarihtj took order aboutthe building of a Fort,
which required
the greater Labor, becaufe the Earth was very ftonie : not far from
whence Cap^
tain John Smith walking, was fliot by a Party of (portHguefe lying
behind fome Chefts
of Sugar ; the Blow whereof giving notice to his Enfign, he Ipcedily
march'd thither, and furprifingthe ^ortuguefe, kiWd moft part of them. The like
fuccefs had
Le Grande, Qop^enhurgh.znd 'Bongarfon, who marching out upon a Defign,
furpris'd
unawares in John de Mendo;^as Sugar-Mill, two Companies o^ fortuguefe,
who having watchM there the whole Night, and compofingthemfelves in the
Morning to,
fleep, were fet upon, and moft of them kill'd, and the old Commander
Jntonio Or*
tl^o de Mendo:^a taken, who not long before came thither with a Regiment
of Torttiguefes J the Sugar-Mill was alfo fet on fire.
Thefe fuccefsful Expeditions ftill adding to the Hollanders frefli
Courage, they
foliowM the career of their Succefres,and placingthree Companies in the
Works of
the ^%d^o:?,drew their Army into three Divifions; Colond (^embach was to
Command the Forlorn 5 Schu^^e, the main Body j and Byma, the Referve 5 in
which Or-

der they waded through the River Capiyaribi, ^hc'm^ fome Mufquetteers in
a Houfe
built near the Highway,to fecure their Return that way, and came
without any
refiftance to the Arryal j where they found a long Street, with Shops on
each fide
full of all forts of Goods, which they pillagd, notwithftanding the
Enemy fir'd
furioufly from the Caftle upon them, and wounded Colonel ^^etuhach and
Captain
^dhurgh. To the Northward before the Caftle lay a Redoubt with two Guns,
vj\\\c\tschuppe maftering, kill'd all that were in the fame 5 but being
too weak to
carry away the Guns, he nail'd up the Touch.holes, and march'd off with
his Men,
but in fuch diforder, that the fortuguefe Sallying, out of their
Garrifon, fell in
amongft them in that manner, that they were not able to bring away their
wounded Men, amongft whom was Captain (^dburgh and it had been worfe, had
not
%emback (who though he was (hot in at the Shoulder, under the Bladc-bone
whereof
lay the Bullet) kept them off till fuch time as the Hollanders were got
over the River
0/;z>^ri^^ near the fore, mentioned Houfe, guarded by a Company of
Mufquetteers,
who kiird above fifty of the (Portuguefes, befides fifty that had been
flain in the for.
mer Skirmifiies 5 the Hollanders themfelves alfo had loft a hundred and
thirty Men :
yet notwithftanding they ceafcd not, but march'd in Parties through all
parts of
yer<^a, where they met with no oppofition, but found the Sugar^Miljs
full of Sugar,
..^ ^ ^ left

Chap. VIL

A M E%^I C A,

left to be kept by a few K^gros, %emhach alio fent a Drummer to (^r.;/,

to demand
the Wounded, cfpecially Colonel Jedburgh] with a Letter from the
Prifoner Antonio Menh^a^ requefting the Governor ^/i-w^wer^fte and Duke of (Bagmla,
that rhcy
would be pleased to releafe the Hollanders on Exchange, or elfe upon
Ranfom.
The Drummer being civilly Entertained by Jlbuquerque, brought back with

him a
ftrangc Oyl callM Jury, for the wounded Mendo:^a ; with which a Wound
made by
a Bullet being anointed about three Fingers breadth, it draws out the
fame. 'BaqnoU
afterwards fcnt it to ^mbach, in requital for his kindnefs in fending
Mendo;^a in a
Hammock to ^eal. Mean while the Hollanders ftill fortifi'd their Works
at the Jfogados with Pallifado's and Platforms, on which they put five Guns. I'hey
likewife
work'd daily on the fore^mention'd Caftle, whileft Schufpe march'd with
four hundred Men in the Night over the River Jangada to Moribeca j which
approaching,
he perceiv'd the Way flopt up with felFd Trees ; wherefore he march'd
about to the
Village, which he found forfaken by the Inhabitants, and all the Houfes
left empty,
onely five hundred Chefts of Sugar that had been brought thither from
P^erga,
whichSchuppe Commanded to be fet on fire with the Village, leaving onely
the
Church, and at his Return burnt alfo a Sugar-Mill.
The Governor Jlbui^uerque having formerly never fpar'd any Ho/Z^/j^er^
which
fell into his hands, began now to be better advi/d ; and it was alfo
Agreed upon
between the King of Spain a,nd States of the United Netherlands ^ That
they fliould
burn no Church, unlefs the one, or the other Party made refiftance in
the fame
That the Vi(5tor fliould be obliged, upon requeft of Quarter, to fpare
his Enemies,
and releafe the Prifoners for an indifferent fum of Money ; That both
Parties
fhould forbear to ufe chew'd or poyfon'd Bullets.
Schuppe being chofen Chief over the Militia in ^mbacKs Place (who dy'd
of his
Wound,) lay not long ftill, butfetting Sail with eleven Ships to the lOe
Tamarica,
Landed feven Companies before the Caftle Nojlra Sennora de Qonception ;
which,
though well provided and fortifi'd, the Governor fignioro furrendred,on
Condition
that he might depart with all his Men and the Church Ornaments.
Matthias yan Qeukn and Schuppe Rowing up the Stream Goiana with Sloops
and
Boats, put to flight Laurence CaValcanti, burnt divers Sugar-Mills, and
took abundance of rich Merchandize : Ten days they made havock in the middle of
their
Enemies Countreys without any refiftance ; for all of them fled to the
Jldas,

{Co they call the Srajjlian Villages) : At laft they return'd home with
great Booty,
cfpecially of Sugar and ^Brafile Wood ; whileft thofe at (^eciffa were
not idle, doing
the fortuguefe great mifchief by their continual Sallies, Tor/ow^
burning a Fifliers
Village, and 'Bongarfon a ftately Banquetting-houfe belonging to
Cayalcam near
Jrryal ; as alfo fedro Jcunha de Jndada's Sugar-Mill, from whence he
took great
Booty.
About the fame time the Tortuguefe of feveral Parts,terrifi'd by
continual Alarm
and Lofles, began to incline to the Wefl-lndia Company, believing that
they fliould
utterly be ruin'd, if they continued to joyn with Jlbuquerqm's Party
(who claimed
fernambuco wholly to Himfelf) and therefore car'd not whether he or the
Hollanders
were Mafters,fo they might live peaceably. Mean while the Hollanders
march'd from
the Afogados to Jrryal ; Schuppe marching before with two hundred and
fifty Seamen, was followed by the Lieutenant-Colonel T>e Vms, and he by a Company
of
Negro's that carry 'd Provifions ; next Byma march'd with the Referve.
The Treafurer John Gyfeling alfo accompanied the Army, which Encamp'd near
Francifco Brito
Machado's Wind^Mill, and Garrifon'd the half-fini(h'd Fort near the
Sugar-Mill be^
^on^in^ to Marcus Andre, whileft three Companies Commanded by Captain
DeFriei
march'd

H^

Articles be=
tween the
Wf ft- India
Company
and the King
of Sfain

S The Pontigueje begin

to fall off to'
the Huliae-

tiers.

^6

,a M E%1 C A.

Chap, vn,

flain

niarcK'a to MontemsMlls to take the fame but the Tortu^uefe lying in

an Ambuf.
cade had given them a flirewd Rebuke, had not Schup^e, hearing the Guns,
fent away
the Captains ficard and Garflman, who coming out from amongfl: the
Sugar.Canes,
put the Enemy to flight yet the fortuguefe began to increafe daily,
infomuch that
they got above two thoufand Men together at Anyd, whileft the 'Dutch
Army began
to wa'nt Provifions ^ wherefore Jacob Hutgen was orderM to fetch a
Supply from
%edffa J but as he was coming up the River with the Exeter Ketch, and a
Boat hung
about vvith Hides to fecure his Men from the Bullets, and being within
Mufquet{hot from the Works where Captain Sck/'i^e lay, the Enemy's whole Power
fhot
fo vehemently upon him from the top of a Hill, that both the Ketch and
Boat
lacoyHui,.n wcte funk ; Huigen himfelf received two mortal Wounds, and
moft of his Men were
kill'd, a few wounded onelyefcaping with Life. Schu^^e therefore was
forced to
return for want of Provifions,and the rather, becaufe he was inform'd
that 'Bagnola
was coming with a Supply of feven hundred Men.
Mean while the two Captains,S??jie?2t and Dunkirhn perform^ a valiant
Exploit,
Vi:^- they went with a few Men in a Boat, and took a great Tortuguefe
VelTel richly
laden, having no more than four BlunderbulTes and their Swords in the
Boat
with them.

A notable (Byma alfo fell upon the Village Mor'men, where he found moft
of the People at
lym7\yt Church. jlbuqucrque inform'd thereof, fent two hundred Men
immediately. Com.
ZZf" ""' mandcd by Francifco Jlmeda, to intercept him in his Return ;
but he marching on to
Tamarica, they purfu'd him ; he marching but flowly, becaufe the narrow
Way was
ftopt up withfeird Trees, they overtook him half a League beyond Garafu,
near
Teter^ochas Sugar^Milij where after a fliarp Encounter between them, a
great
flaughter was made amongft the %M/^r^i, Jlmeda and many other Perfons
being
flain, and the reft put to flight, ^yma having obtained this Vi^ory,
marchM to Ga^
rafu and burnt the fame, fparing oncly the Churches and Cloyfters,
according to
the Articles made between Albuquerque and ^embach.
Schuppe prevented from croffing the River Jangada by the many muddy
Creeks,
returnMback to (lieciffa with great Booty, which he had taken out of a
Store^houfe.
The Dutch Cruifersalfo brought in many Prizes.
The Exploits perform'd by John Johnfi^oon Van Hoorn, with four Ships,
three
Ketches, and a Sloop^ are likewife very remarkable ; for with this Fleet
in the
firft place he took the City Truxillo, and from thence Sailing towards
the City Cam
peche, and Storming the fame valiantly, foon became Mafter of it 5 the
Booty of
which two Places being brought aboard, increased confiderably the WefiIndia Companies Stock.
In regard Albuquerque underftood the Situation of Ternamhuco better than
the Hollanders, and had all the Natives to afTift him, and by confequence was
the better able
to defend himfelf againft their continual Alarms, the Council at
d^fci//"^ therefore
judg'd it convenient to make a farther Voyage to the South, that the
'Pom<^f/e,who
were highly difcontented about the Lofles which they had fuftain'd,
might be the

fooner induced to fubmit to their Government: To whicli purpofe ten

Ketches,
Mann d with feven hundred Soldiers, befides Seamen, fet Sail on the
tenth of Ofiohereunder the Command o^ John Gyfeimg, Schuppe, znd Ser^^aes Carpmier,
who firft
ran into the River Torto deTiedra^, where they took a confiderable
number of
Cheftsof Sugar, out of Mills, Barques, and Store-houfes, waded through
the little
Stream Tatona Man/a, burnt a Village of the fame Denomination, and
Sail'd to the
K'lvcv Camarigibt, which they Rowing up in the Night, were got not above
four
Leagues by Day-break, the contrary Tide, and the Plants call'd Mangues
having
hind red

Van Kern's
Exploits.

.Cliap. VIL . e./ M E %^I C J. 54.7*

Kindred them from getting farther j but being inform'd by certain
(portu^ruefe Pri.
foners, that abundance of Sugar lay in <Porto Francifco, they marching
chith^er found
under a Straw Roof in a Wood/eventy four Chefts of Sugar, and a great
deal more
in feveral Store^houfes. They alfo pillag'd the whole Countrey towards
Jla^oa
del Noort, St. Miguel, and Alagoa del Zur. Not far from which Schup^e
falling upon
the Vilhge Sennora de Conceptton, burnt the fame, as alfo a Ship upon
the Stocks
the Houfes at the Mouth of the Stream Alagoa, and the Tackling belonging
to the
two Ships, and carry 'd away with them a very great Booty.
Tourlon alfo marched with
Uangiangua^e.^htxt
the Garrifon from Garafu,
from fubmitting themfelves to the
inclined.
But Tourlon marchM not fo
thereof, and

four Companies from Jamarka to

and fome Jefuits lay, to dififwade the People
Weft-India Company, to which they were much
privately, but that the Enemy had notice

fled ; wherefore he finding Mangianguape empty, offer'd the fame to the

Flames, as
alfo feveral Sugar-Mills, but fpar'd the Lives of all thofe who begged
Quarter. '
^yma about the fame time with a hundred and forty Mufquetteers, befides
two
Companies of Seamen, leaving the Afogados in the Night, march'd to A^ro
by Daybreak, which he fee on fire^ with a Sugar-Mill and a Store-houfe full of
Sugar,
after every Soldier had taken as much as he could carry : upon which the
Enemy
taking Alarm, plac'd their Ambufcades fo cunningly, and fell upon them
fo furioufly, that they had undoubtedly kiU'd every Man of them, had not a
Party come
in timely to their afliftance, and forc'd the Tortuguefe to fly to a
neighboring SugarMill built on a Hill, from whence they fir'd with great eagernefs, and
made a
mighty noife, blowing their Trumpets and beating their Drums, ^yma beina
for ^^-^^'^ bold
ced to pafs by the Mill within the reach of the Enemy's Guns, refolv'd
UponTbold """"'"'^
Attempt, and commanding his Men to throw away their Sugar, and other
Booty
with which they burthen'd themfelves, on a fudden ran up to the top of
the Hill .
which Aaion fo amaz'd the fortuguefe^ that they fled without ofi^ering
the leafi: refi!
ftance. ^yma thereupon proceeded on his Way to the Afogados, leaving
behind him
above feventy flain, and divers wounded^
During thefe Exploits on Shore, the Commander 52/W Cruised with fix
Sail P"^" *^k<"
before P^r^i^rf ; two Ships belonging to his Fleet fleering towards the
Haven of "dSL.
Fomo/^,difcoverM five Carvels, a Pink carrying twenty fix, and a great
Fly-boat
eighteen Guns, both mnkirkers . one of the Carvels ran aground, and
wasfliav'd to
pieces, two of them got into <^io Grande, and the other two were taken.
About the fame time Lichthart with two Sloops pafs'd into the River
Qnayou, fet
upon feven Barques of the > or tuguefe, Manned with feventy Seamen, and
plyM
them with his Brafs Guns after fuch a manner, that few efcap'd with
their Lives :
he took what he thought fit out out of the Barques, and afterwards fet
them on
fire. .^
The Treafurer }datthm van Ceulen weighed Anchor with four Ships and
feven vanceuUn^s

Ketches, Mann'd with eight hundred Men, with which he fet Sail to d^'o
Grande,^'''''''''''
with intention to fall upon the Fort tres (^eyes. In the River he took
two Carvels,'
though they lay clofe under the Caflle, Landed a Company of Soldiers,
and a hundred and fifty Seamen on the Southern Shore, guarded the frefli River
with Boats
marchM diredly to Tres %e., and Encamp'd himfelf near the Redoubt which
lay
before the Caflle, being foUow'dby ^yma, Garftman, and Qop^mhurgh, who
in their
Way took a Houfe built on a Hill, and confiderable Booty in ir. <Byma
getting
about Noon to the Village Natall, left fome of his Men there, whileft he
march'd
With the reft to the Caflle Tres %eyes. Ceulen fending to demand the
Caflle, received
at firfl a refolute denyal from the Governor (2eUr Mender de Goysa but
when the
- ~ Befieged

;i-^w*^'r--^^,.T#SAi

548

AMERICA.

Chap. VII

Lichthart
drives the
Portugtteje
out of the
Puntael.

They endea
vor in vain
to regain the
Puntael.

B-fiecT-d faw the BolUnim refolutely bent upon a Storm,they fent to

dcfite a Treaty,
and after fome fmall Capitulation the Caftle was lurrendted upon
Articles. Carft.
man being made Commander of the Caftle, had a hundtedand fifty Soldiers
allow'd
him The Fleet fet Sail again, after they had puU'd down and deftroy'd
all the
Works which had been rais'd, and made the Inhabitants take an Oath to be
faithful
to Oarllman, who chang'd the Name of the Caftle from Tm %syn to that of
ak.
being the Name of the Treafurer, who bore the chiefeft Commmand in the
Siege,
and when the Hr^ltan King Jandm came with a great Train to congratulate
the
Companies fuccefs,receiv'd him with great civility. , ,^ , , ^ .
In the beginning of the Year 1634. twenty fix Sail weighed Anchor from !
2(e//<,,
to Cruife up and d'own in Squadrons before the Inlet todos ks SanHos,
the Promon.
tory St. Augujiim, the Rivers Framifio and farayha. Sdufpc and Luhth^t
alfo fet Sail
with ,two Ships, a Ketch, two Pinnaces, and a Sloop, carrying two
hundred Soldiers befides Seamen. , ^ , , ,> 1 -7 1 j .
Mean while frelh Forces were fent from the Twc/, the Mi and ^./W, to
(^.
ciffa where the Council undertook another notable Defign, v/^. to
furprize the
Fort's alone the River farayba : whither coming with twenty SaU, they
divided
themfelves into two Squadrons under the Command of the Treafurer John
Cyfe.
Un.,Schup,e,&ryaes Car^entkr, znd Lichthart. Having receiv'd fome
repulfe at the
Fort Na^antta, they refolv'd upon Aftion in fome other place, and to
that purpole
Steer'd towards the Point St. Augujlme by Day-break a part of the
Fleet ran into
the Mouth of the Haven, notwithftanding the fonuguefe fir'd upon them
with great
Guns from the Caftle, and all their Works, without doing any
confiderable
damage, onely the SeaSii^ht Ketch running aground was fhatter'd all to
pieces ;
whileft the Hollanders Commanded by Captain Uchthart Landed near
(Pf<.e/, and
fell upon the f ortuuefe in fuch a manner.that they forc'd th<m to
forfakc he Place,
burnt above two thoufand Chefts of Sugar, feveral Store-houfes, and a
great

Ship, befides two Barques. , ^ . r n.- c n

Lichthart being Mafter of the fmtael, was very bufie in finifliing a
Stone Redoubt which the Enemy had begun,and fecur'd it by a Wall and
Pallifado's. Here
he plac'd two Companies,and rais'd feveral Works,whileft the fortugxefe
receiving
Aid from all the neighboring Places, fet upon the recovery of the
<Pmtacl, being
the rather encourag'd thereunto, in regard the HollandersVo^ccs were
ftiU in their
Ships. Fifteen hundred (Portuguefes were divided into two Parties, the
greateft of
which came through behind the adjacent Moraffes, and torc'd in on the
fide of the
place near which the fifteen Ships taken by Lichthart lay at an Anchor
wn.left the
other Patty fell upon the Out=works ; where though the Ho.Wm defended
them,
felves valiantly at firft, yet they were forc'd to Retreat to the
Redoubt, where both
Parties foupht with great eagernefs ; but the Hollanders Ketches haling
near the Shore
and firing m amongft the fortuguefe with their great Guns, forc'd them
to flye,and
contrary to their Cuftom, to leave their dead Bodies behind them.
Soon after, whileft Cyjfeling, Schuffe, and Lkhthart ftay'd at the '?
mtael, the Portuv^e, defigning to take %#, kept the ^/o^.^o. and the Fort on >fomo
r.., m
continual Alarm which made the Hollanders fend moft of their .Mi/it,,
thither, and
to fortifie yet more ftrongly than before. The Caftle Ve Sruin firft
difcovering the
5'<t?./e wading through the Water, fir'd great Guns .at them, upon
the hearing
of which WacMenhurgh and St. George fir'd alfo. The Treafurer Ceulen
and Lieutenant-Colonel <Byma march'd with a Company of Soldiers to the Stone
Redoubt,
from whence they fir'd ftoutly upon the Enemy ; yet thirty of them got
by the
Pallifado's .and Stone Redoubt : wherefore Ceulen march'd in with fome
ot his
' ~ ^ ' ' ' Men

ytnit attempts the

taking of
Keal, bur

Chap. Vli. ^ M E %^I C A 549

Mea to a/nft the Citizens^ ^vA keep the woodden Battery, where the
^ortuguefe
w&reftopt, and with greac and Imall Shot put to flight. The Prifoners
which the
Hollanders took informed them. That Martin Snares ^ chief Commander over
the 'Portuguefe that m2<le this Attempt, had divided his Men into three Parties
the Referve,
which confifted of three hundred Men, was to march on upon the making of
a fign
when the other Parties were paft, one along the River ^ihinha^ and the
other along
the Shore by the Stone Redoubt into %ec'tffaj to burn the Place, as alfo
all manner
of Provifion and Amrnunition.
Whileft this Delign of the ^ortugueje fell outfo
unfortunately,being"difcover'd to
Qeulen by a Rencgado;, the Hollanders at ^eciffa receiv'd two Companies
from their
Regiment at the Tuntael, and a confiderable number of Men rais'd in
Holland by the
Weji 'India Company. Ceulen and By?na thus fupply'd, went continually
out in Parties, burnt in view of the Garrifon in Jrryal the Sugar-Mills belonging
to Franci/co
^Montero and Lewis ^mires, and were informed by five Italian Renegado's,
That
there were not three hundred Men in Garrifon in Arryal-^ which
foencourag'd^m^, b;*
that he refolving to fall upon the fame, march'd thither in the Night
with a thoufand Men hovn^ecijfa^ and by Day=break fhot fixteenGranado's from a
neighbor- wuhoutfucing Hill, of which feven fell into Jrryal, but did little Execution ;
bcfides, the"'*
Strength of the Place was fuch, and the number of Men fo confiderable,
that his
Dcfign had no other fuccefs, than that a Hand.=granado falling fliort
amongft the ^
Houfes before the Fort, fet fire on them, and in a fliort time burnt a
whole Street
with rich Shops, and the Habitations of the Italians*
The (portu^uefe at the Tmtael being inform'd,that Byma had BcfiegM
Jrryal with a
thoufand Men, judg'd thatmoftof the Hollanders wctc^one thither from the
funtael^
which they were the apter to believe, becaufe the Hollanders coming but
little

abroad ftay'd within their Redoubts, which Lichthart had joyn'd to a

Battery
wherefore they made another Attempt with a hundred and twenty Men on the
(puntael j but a Carvel with two Brafs Guns, and a Company of Soldiers
lying at
Anchor near the Place by which the Tortu^uefe were to pais, and they not
expcding
to meet with any refiftance there, they were, as foon as they approached
the Carvel,
fir'd upon by the Hollanders, who killing fcveral of their Men, fo
affrighted them,
that they returned without making any farther Attempt.
Whileft every day more and more Prizes were taken by the Hollanders, and
ovenuresof
brought into ^ciffa, and frefli Supplies fent them from Holland, there
began to be t"^^ P'^f"fome Overtures of Peace from the 'Porrg;r^^/e J wherein alfo the King
o^ Spain, by^**''
reafon of the feveral Damages he had fuftain'd from theDutch, began to
concerd
himfelf, and to menace them with the great Forces he was able to raife,
by reafon
of the late fafe arrival of two rich Plate-Fleets, if they came not toy^afonable
Terms. But anfwer was return'd from Byma, ^' That if they were minded to
''^ Treat about giving of Quarter, or any fuch like Point indifference
between them,
^* they fhould find him ready ; but that the JfeJiJndia Company would
never re*' fign thofe Places taken in Brafile with the Sword, either for Money
or Goods,
*' but would defend them to the utraoft of their Power.
The Hollanders alfo changed the Names of feveral Places taken from the
fortuguefe ; for the Caftle near the Promontory St, Juguftine was call'd
Gyjfeling 5 the
Town on Tamarica, Schuppen^Jladt ; the Fort at the Jfogados, Prince
WtlUam-^ and the
Tuntael, The Fortrefs Vander Dujfen.
Notwithftandingthe Requefts of the States of the Netherlands and Weft
-India Com- ^"'^''* '"'^
pany, to the Commiffioners Ceulen and Gyjfeling, to ftay longer in the
Weftdndies,
yet they prepared for their Voyage home, and the fpeedier, becaufe they
expected

Gyffciing return home.

E e e

great

^Ij^i

iiH?(''M

550

^ M E "Kl C A, - Chap. VII.

creat fcarcky of Provifions, uolefs a ludden Supply came from Holland.
During
d-ieir two years Government here, they had taken five thoufand five
hundred and
nineteen Chefts of Sugar, a hundred fifty nine thoufand nine hundred
thirty and
nin(.' Pound of Sr^^/e Wood, one and thirty Ships laden with feveral
Goods, which
aiTiounted to 2 3 oooo /. befides the value of the Ships and Guns, the
taken Forts,
deftroy'd Sugar-Mills, and other Buildings, They left at their going
away above
four thoufand Soldiers, divided into thirty two Companies, to guard !
Brafile, under
the Command o^Schuppe and Jr.cijfemky, and carry'd with them a hundred
Soldiers,
befides one and fifty fick and maimed : Moreover, thirty two Sail of
Ships,Mann'd
^anjufs with a thoufand and eighty feven Seamen, were orderM to Cruife
up and down be-

IT.'JlT fore the Coaft o((Braftle, befides four Ketches before the
Promontory of St. Jugn''"'"''"" fthie, and fix Ships in the Haven o'ifernmhuco.
After Cetden and Gyffel'mg had fet Sail iot Holland, divers Prizes were
brought into ^ecijfa, as alfo feveral Ships arrivM there from the Texel and the
Maes. The Ho/.
landers went out continually in Parties, whilcft Sduppe and Lichthart
fet Sail Mo with
eight Ships, Manned with fix Companies of Soldiers, befides Seamen, to
plunder
and pillage all the Havens to the South, where feveral Tortuguefe
Veflels lay ladea
with Sugare But Janduy, who with his Subjeds the Tapuyans, joyn'd with
the Governor Gdvftman, kill'd at one time thirty feven fortuguefes, and not
long after two
hundred and fixty more ; taking liis leave of Garflman, went home with
fix HoU
landers, leaving his Son, the youngy^^>, and his Brother Caracara,
together with
his Nephew Copun^ to his care,
Janduy made it his Bufinefsto perfwade the adjacent Tapuyans to joyn
their Forces with his, and fo by the Hollanders afliftancc to fall upon the
fortuguefe. Mean
while the young Janduy and Copun went to ^clffa^ which was the rather
permitted,
that they might be able to damp the Reports which the fortuguefe had
fpread
amongfi: the Tapuyans, vi^. That the Hollanders were very ill provided,
and therefore made all poflible Preparations to defend ^ecifaj and confequently
the whole
Countrey of (Brafiky and fo leave thofe Tapuyans that joyn'd with them
to the mercy
of the Spaniards.
Ambamidors >^ot long aftet were difparch'd from thence the Councellors
Jacob Stackhowery
luitwkh'hTm and Colonel Jrciffeusky, with the Interpreter Antonio
farapoaVOy to Treat withjanduy
ihdr about the Defign which they had upon the fortuguefe, and alfo what
Advantages
he fliould receive, if he would aiTift the Weftdndia Company with his
Forces, whenever he Oiould be lent to.
HisPow.r, j^ing Janduy bore Command over fixteen hundred Men, whofe
Wives carry 'd
Enemies, and D-^ -^ -i-vt'TI riJTTU*'
Allies. thejj. Hammocks after them to flcep on m the Night, havmg no
letled Habitations,

but ranging in Parties up and down from place to place to get their
Foodjthe young
People went commonly along with ^eretiawa, and the old \Niih Janduy j
round about
whofe Countrey dwelt the poor Natives Jciki, as alfo Juckerijou, Ocio?
ieciou, Tajoke^
and Jponortjou : the firfi: are Commanded by King^ Co fiaculy ; the
fecond, by SMarakou, a Friend of the Tortugusfes 5 the third, by ]>lonhu j the fourth,
by Kj^oa ; and
the laft, hjjarepo : which twolaftare no way inferior in Power to
Janduy, but theothers much weaker.
Four forts of People continually Warr'd againfl: 7W>, yi:^ thcjenho,
who live
fo far up in the Countrey, that no Chriftians ever came to the knowledge
of them j
the other three are the Woyana, Cariy, and Carira>ajfu, who affift the
fortuguefe.
The fore-mention'd Interpreter 'P^o-^po^l'O was met in his Journey by a
Company of X^/?tt)/^'i5, led by Commendaoura,Janduys Sifters Son, who was
to fucceed
him after his death, according to the Cuftom of the Tapuyans, whofe Sons
do not
fucceed

about carry
ing on
Defign

551

Chap. VII. ^ M El^l C J.

fucceed their Fathers in the Throne, but their Sifters Sons.
Commendaoura told him.
That he was impowerM by his Uncle to Treat with the Hollanders ; to
which pur!
pofc coming with forty Men before the Caftle Qeukn, he informed them.

That
Jmdouy could not come to them with his whole Power, becaufe there was no
frefli
Water in the Mountains Mitiapa in the Summer ; Moreover, that he Mourn'd
for
his dcccafed Wife. Janduoy was alfo requefted to go to Tarayba, where he
fhould
get great ftore of Booty, and that the Hollanders would follow them with
a confiderable Power.
Arcijfemky being informed of the Condition oUonayou by two, who having
been The Fort co^
taken Prifoners by t\yt <Portuguefe, leap'd over-board from a Carvel,
bbund from b^I^'^
thence to fortugal, and fwam afliore, march'd from the Fort Qulen in the
Night
with two hundred Men, befides forty Tapuyans, who kill'd more Venifon
for the
Hollanders than they were able to eat ; and coming within two
Cannons=fiiot of Co^
nayou, he divided his Men into four Parties, that fo they might Storm
the four Cor
nets of the Fort at once ; which having done by fwimming over the Moat,
and
climbing up the Walls, which were a Pikes length, they got into the
Fort, in which
they found eleven dead Bodies, ten Iron Guns, two Hooks, and feveral
Chefts of
Sugar ; and amongft other Prifoners they took the Captain Jlvares
Fragojo d' AU
huquerque. ,
Stackhower alfo fetting Sail when Jrcijjeusky left the Caftle Ceulenj
intending to
meet him again at an appointed time before Conayou, was kept back by
contrary
Winds.
After this Jrcijfemky fct Sail to Mongoangape, where Rowing up the
River, he
took a Ketch with two hundred Chefts of Sugar, as alfo a Carvel and a
Boat, and
Landed where the River bends about a Mountain, which fo affrighted the
formguefey that they quitted Antonio Marino s Sugar-Mills. Soon after the
Fleet took a
Barque with Wine, and returned to !2(fci^4.
Mean while Schuppe was not idle, for going up the River Camarigihi, he
burnt divers Hpufes, as alfo on each fide of the River Alagoa ; where he alfo
took four rich
SugarMills, whileft many Veflels from the United Netherlands brought
feveral Ships
into the Haven of (PernamhucOj which they had taken on the Coaft o(!
Brafde.

About the latter end o( November 1634. thirty two Sail, divided into two
Squa*
drons(the firft carrying in one and twenty Ships,a thoufand nine hundred
forty and
five Soldiers, the fecond on eleven Ketches,four hundred and nine) under
the Com^
mand of Schuppe, Antjfemkyj Carpentier, and Stackhower, weigh'd Anchor
to go to Tarayba j where Schuppe Landing firft with fix hundred Men, fell upon the
Enemy in
fuch a manner, that he put them to flight, and forc'd them to leave a
great part of
their Arms, Hats and Coats behind ; and it wanted little but the
Governor Antonio
d* Albuauerque had been taken in the purfuit : Mean while the reft of
the Hollanders
Landed, and Camper Le)imarchM along a Cart=Road with three Companies
diredly
to the Fort Santa Margaret a, and Encamp'd himfelf behind a Hill, about
a Mufquetfiiot from the Walls of the Fort ; Schuppe going along the Shore, found
divers for= ^''^"'^^r,^^ garetit attemfakcn Works, and Intrench'd along the River on the Eaft-fide of the
Caftle. Jr^ p'"'* ^"^ ''^
cijjemky march a on the Right-hand along the Sea-lhore in view of the
fortuguefe in
Garrifon, In the River lay an Ifle, on which was built the Caftle
^eftinga, which
could receive conftant Aid from the CMeMargareta on the Main.
Lichthart going in between the Ifland and the Caftle Margareta with fix
well
Mann'd Boats, took two Barques and a Boat behind the Ifland, and march'd
through a Wood to ^flringa-^ where he found that the Fort feparated from
the
Ifland, was furrounded with Water, wherefore he withdrew into the Wood
till
E e e i the

'""^

'*E"-i...-_-_Jir.?,ii^_'_

u^^nte^

55^

The Fort
Ji'fargiircta
ia>;en by
Schuppe,

A M E %^I C A, Chap. VIL

the Water was faU'ri down, and then Storm'd the Fort ^eftringa, and
notwithftanding the 'Port^^/e fir'd continually upon him with two Brais Guns,
he foon
became Mafter of it, and cut off all thofe whom he found had born Arms j
whileft
Schnppe fir'd upon the Fort Uar^areta from a Platform, and alfo threw
Granado's into the fame. Jrcijfemky likewife approach'd nearer and nearer with his
Trenches,
on which t\\Q fortuguefe difcharged many Guns j but after the
Breaftworks were
moftof them fpoilM, the Governor, Simon de Alhuquerfie^ furrendred the
Fort to
Schuppe, who permitted a hundred and fifty Men that were in Garrifon
there, to go
to their feveral Dwellings up in the Countrcy, the reft were Tranfported
to other
places, on promife that they would not bear Arms againft the IVefi-India
Company
during the fpace of fix Moneths. In the Caftle the Hollanders found fix
Brafs DemiCulverins and fifteen Drakes, befides other Ammunition, with which the
Vidors
purfu'd their Conqueft, putting themfelves in a pofture to go up a Creek
which
runs two Leaguesalong a River to farayha, and to fall upon that City,
when two
Frewc/; Renegado's coming from the 2\(prfkr Fort Jntonio brought
information,
That that Fort was guarded but by a few Men, and had but little Gun.powdcr,and
if the Hollanders would but once make a ftiew of Storming the fame, it
would fiaon
be delivered to them, though for its Situation it is invincible ; but
Schuppe fiappos'd
that there might be a Plot in this Information, and the rather, becaufe
he heard

that the Duke of Bagnola was coming thither with fix hundred Men ;
neverthelefs,
TfeeFort^. to be better afliir'd thereof, he fcnt a Drummer to demand
Jntonio : The Govertonio taken t/'ii i r ^ I*t 1
bv Lichthm. nor thereof, call'd Magagliams defir'd three days time to
coniider, which was utterly
deny'd him, and he had onely leave to carry away the King's Standard,
and his
Requeft granted. That the Hollanders fhould make a fhew of Storming the
Caftle,
that it might not be faid he had fiirrendred fiich a Fortrefs without a
Gun being fir'd;
after which LickWt went into the Caftle, wondring at fiich a Vidory ;
for the
Fort, on which no Charges had been fpar'd, lay upon an inacceflible
place, and had
five Brafs Culverins and nineteen Iron Guns.
Thecityp^. 'Xht Hollanders encouraged by their good Succefs, went the
fame Night up the
rayba defert* O J C ^ t1- iTllii
ed by i?^^- -^lytt faraxha to the Creek Tamhia Grands- wnere Landing,
they tound all the
Works empty, three Iron Guns lying difmounted on the Ground, the City
farayha
without People, and the Guns about the fame either made ufelefs, or
fiink in the
Haven. A Hamhurgher that had liv'd a confiderable time in farayba,
otherwife call'd
(Philippea^ informed the Hollanders^ That 'Bagnola feeing no means to
defend farayha,
was gone to Goyana with two Companies, one oi Italians, and the other
Spaniards,
who were march'd into the Woods, after they had burnt three Ships, and
two
Store-houfes full of Sugar, in which there were confiim'd near upon
three hundred Chefts.
Before this Dcfign upon 'P4rrf^^4 was undertaken, the Weft-India Company
fent
out four VeiTels under the Command of John Walheek, to the Ifle
Curacao ; the Situation of which yo/;0^;<.072 knew exa(5i:ly, having been a longtime a
Prifoncr there :
Walbeek getting through a narrow Mouth between feveral Rock^ into a
convenient
Harbor before Curacao, Landed feventy five Mufquetteers who were
Encountred
by feventy ^rafiHa?is Arm'd with. Clubs, which the Spaniards had
animated to fight,
by making them half Drunk. The Hollanders having march'd all over the

Ifland,
burnt the Village Af^rw, and atlaft agreed with the Governor Alonfo
Lopes de Morla
to leave the Ifle.
Schuppe chang'd the Name o( TarayhajOt l^ojfa Sennora das Nieyesy or
^hilippea^ into
Frederick'Stadt, in honor to the Prince o{ Orange, mitn'd Frederick
Hefirick*
This City hath two great Market-places, twelve Streets, and a large
Fraticifcan
Cloyfter,

ttoU

Parayl/a, or
Henricl(.fiadt
defcrib'd.

Ghap. VIL

<tA M E %^l C A.

553

mm
\
I 111.. **,

place.

Cloyfter, builc near a Lake, atid inclos'd within a Wall by a broad Bay,
which the
River Tarayha makes before che City j the Countrey about which is
mountainous :
In other places, elpecially along the P^iver, lie many fruitful Plains,
abounding
in Tome places with the Grain Mdndihoca, which is ground to Meal,
Potato's, Lem*
mons, Cabbages^ Cucumbers, ^drf;/<w, Coco^-Nuts, Ginger, Araha, very
delicious
when Preferv'd with Sugar, zn^Cacious, fomewhat like Chefnuts, of which
the
Natives make an mtoxicatmg Liquor.
Whileft all things were put in good order at ^arayha, Colonel Ticard
marched
with eight Companies to the Houfe Validaris^ if poffible, there to take
the Governor
Antonio Albuquerque Prifoner j but he being forfaken by all the
'Brafilians (who came
back with Ticard and their Commander, the Jefuit Emanuel de Moraia)
abfconded
himfelf 5 not long before which a Proclamation had been publifli'd in
the Name
of che States of the United ISLetheriands and the Wejl^India Company,
promiling great
Civilities and Advantages to all the Inhabitants of ^arayha^ whether ]
S[atives or
others, that would come in and fubmit to their Government,
This Invitation was fo well receiv'd;, that many who were kept back fo
long as
Albuquerque appear'd, as foon as they heard of his obfcuring himfelf,
came in to the
Hollanders^ as Duarte Gomes, and feveral eminent Tortuguefes, with a
confiderable
number of indifferent quality 'as alfo the Inhabitants of the Province
of (^io Grande
came to FrederkhStadtj to claim the benefit of the Proclamation.
Jrc'tffeusky and Stackholper marching to Goyana with feven hundred and
fifty Men/
took up their Quarters in the Village (}i/?i>^n^i, lying at a River of
the fame Name ;
where all the Inhabitants of Goyana being fully fatisfi'd with the
Hollanders Fro^ofalsj own'd their Government, and fell off from the King of Spain, But
the S^anijh Kehaino^ot-^
Captain ^ebellinoj animated by the Jefuits in the Village Mofuick^ got
three hundred fom place to
Soldiers together, befidesa confiderable company of 'Brafiliansy
Commanded by
Qatnaron, znd burnt all the SugarCanes and ^rafile Wood in Goyana ^
whither Arciffemky marching, foon put them to flight, and burnt the Village Mofuick,
with the
Church and Jefuits Cloyfter, from whence the Enemy ran to the ftrange

Mountain
Mrif^j, which in the rainy Seafon, efpecially when great Showers fall,
makes a
noife like claps of Thunder, or like great Guns, The fame Wonder is
obferv'd of
the Mountain (pafayra, in a Wood behind' G/>^o//o 'Barro's Sugar.Mills ;
the my fiery ^
whereof we leave to Philofophers to enquire into. Jrcijfemky foUow/d
^ehelUno,
who had ambufcado'd himfelf about half a League from Mofuick j from
whence, he
being alfo driven, his Men began more and more to defert him, wh\U(i
Schup^e
with a confiderable number of Men came to Jrcijfemky -^ Encamping
themfelves
about M(/rfro/j^,theyfent eighty Mufquetteers, Commanded by Lkutcn^nt
Met ting,
to an adjacent Wood, where ^ehellifio Quartering, Engag'd with Melting,
till Schuppe
coming to his aflifi:ance, he fled to Na^aretta. After which the
Countrey thereabouts enjoy 'd the hippinefs of Peace.
Arajfemky fiaying to fettle all things in good order in farayha^ took up
his Quar- The, oftk
ters near the Caftle ^^eal, about a Cannon-fbot from the River Afogados,
and a t.y^r//m^
League and ^ half from the Hollanders Fort fo called ; yet hisDefign was
not to lay
clofe Siege to the fame, but to prevent all manner of Aid from coming to
it, the
rather, becaufe he was inform'd, that there were not above fixty Cix
hundred Cans
of Meal, and fixty five Head of Cattel in the Fort, for three hundred
Tortuguefe and
feven hundred (Brafilians-, to which purpofe he built feveral Redoubts,
Batteries
and Platforms : after he had lay'n before it three Moneths it was
furrendred upon
thefe following Articles, yi^. " That the Befieged fhould march out with
lighted
^"Matches, Bullets in their Mouths, flying Colours, and with Bag and
Baggage,
E c e 5 and

A :

554. - ^ M E %I C J. Chap. VII.

*' and be Tranfporcecl either to Tercera or Madera, The Church Ornaments

they
had alfo leave to carry away with them, but the Guns and other
Ammunition were
to remain in the Fort. Hereupon the Governor jiiidres Mar'mi march'd out
with
five hundred choice Soldiers, befides a hundred and fifty which he had
out of the
Countrey 5 and two hundred Families that dwelt about %eal, ranfom'd
their Goods
for 5000 /. In the Fort the Hollanders found fifteen Brafs,and five Iron
Guns.
Mean while Lichthart fet Sail with fix Ships and five little Ketches,
carrying five
Companies j with which Landing on !Barra Grande^ he march'd two Leagues
along
the Shore to the Church of 5f. !BentOj built on a high Hill, round about
which he
EncampM himfelf, and fortifi'd the fame with Pallifado's.
Hither the Inhabitants oxforto Qaho c2.mQ in great numbers to take the
Oath of
Allegiance to the WefiJndu Company.
Lichthart aflifted by Captain Cornelis fxf/'s Company, march'd diredly
to Torto
Calvo, notwithftanding he had but three hundred and twenty feven Men,
with which
he went along a troublefom Way, up Hill and down Hill;, and coming near
^orto Caho^ was inform'dby a ^ortuguefe^ That the Dyke 'Bagnola
poflefs'da Church
there full of Port=holes, with two hundred choice Men, befides a Company
newly
i?^^9/^rou-. arriv'd there from Sm/;^^'; and that he had a ftrong
Fortification near the RiiiMvt, '^ ver J neverthelefs Lichthart marchingto wards him^difcover'd
his Forces rank'd on a
fleep Mountain, whither he running with his Men/orc'd bagnola to quit
the Church,
as alfo thofe that lay in Ambufcadc near the High^way, whileft eighty
lB/'d///w?2y,
fome Tortuguefes, and a Company of ISleo^oUtans, thought to have fall'n
upon the
Barques of the Hollanders j but feeing the States Flag upon the Church,
and 'BagnoU
routed^ they foon Retreated, This Vi(5lory coft the Hollanders but feven
Men, befides eighteen wounded ; for which the ^ortuguefe lofl: many more.
The Inhabitants o^ Camarigihi^ Antonio^ and about forto Caho, accepting
of the
Articles propos'd in farayha, took the Oath of Allegiance to the
Hollanders,
In the interim after Jrciffe-Mky had taken the Fort (%J, and given
Command
ihttto^ to Ver does ^ he fet forthwith ten Companies and three hundred

^raJUians^
to joyn with Schuppe, who Befieg'd the Fort Na;^aretta near the
Promontory St, An*
gufttm J but the Governor Albuquercjue fearing he fhould be
furpris'd,fled fr^om thence
with three hundred Men, and left Teter Correa dc Gamha^ and Lewis
'Barhalho 'Bi;^erra
in his Read. But 5c^p/)f approach'd fo near with his Trenches and
Granado's, that
Correa inform'd of Jrcijfeusky's coming, furrendred the Caftle upon
advantageous
Articles.
After this Succefs Schuppc march'd along the Shore, and Arcijfeusky up
into the
Countrey, both with intention to fall upon the Enemy m Serhihain,
Jrc'tffemky
marching along a troublefom Way, came to Wguel de Toyaca with fix
Companies,
where the CounceliorSc/;offe had fortifi'd a Church and fomewhat
farther he met
with a brave Francifcan Cloyfier^, where he was inform'd, that the
Governor Alhw
Z'mV f^^^^^^ h^^ again furpris'd the Fort (Porfo Caho ^ which prov'd too
true 5 for Schuppe
Aibuquer^ne. haflcniog to his afiiftance through SerinhainjUna^2in^
iBdrro, ftaid at Furicofo, a League
ixomfortoCaho, fox Jrcijfemkyy who was coming thither with feven
Companies
over the deep and crooked Stream Serinhain -^ and before /^///^
Foamofa^z. pleafant Village, in which flood an old Jefuits Cloyfter and a little Church, both
their Forces
-^ joyn'd together,making up feventeen Companies of Foot, and one Troop
of Horfe 5
but they came too late : for after a long and flout Aflault, and no lefs
Rcfiftance
from the Befieged, the Place was furrendred to Albuquerque, who caus'd
T>ommgo
Calabar to be Quarter'dj a Man not inferior for Strength and Adivity to
that Mdo
Crotoniales^ fo famous amoncfl: the ancient Grecians : Amongll: other
proofs of his

Strength

/>^/

555

id'turn-

uquerque
he HoU
arching
fe and a
\ollanders
to Qaho
built a
Schuppe
d flain
ere not
caufe
Coun, being
ifon in
1 upon
which
he left
Drt on

ty cwo of J,;w. ,
, con
1 to be
loft of
Iprcat
! A
It An]3ach'd

I to Sea
bn the
fhthan .
[sjj be-

to an
imand
\l)thart
pk up
hileft
t the
S^ay;
jhabir.
Dutch
lithe
ma:hem
e rid
puera
i the
prch
\utcb

That

/ !.

^'$

Chap. VIL

^ M E%^I C A.

555^

Scrength it is related, that he took a Stag running full fpeed by the

Horns,and'turn
ing its Neck, puU'd the Tongue out of its Mouth. The reafon why
^Ihtiquerque
caus'd him to be put to that death, was becaufe he had once joyn'd wich
the HoL
landers, and done the fortugueje much hurt. But Schuppe a.nd Arajfemky
marching
to forto Caho, to Engage with Jibuquerque, who was eight hundred
fortuguefe and a
thoufand Brafdians ftrong, found the Place ruin'd, and about a hundred
Hollanders
unbury'd, and Jlhuqmrque march'd away, driving the Inhabitants about
^orto faho
before him, with three hundred Prifoners : Th^ Hollanders following him,
built a
Fort at fraipuera, to prevent the ?ortuguefe from returning to Torto
Calvo. Schuppe
alfo demanded three Companies more to fupply the places of the Tick and
flain
Men, as alfo thofe who were fo miferably plagued by the Bkios, that they
were noc
able to go. Thefe Sicios are little Animals, which creeping in at the
Pores, caufe
an infufferable pain. Schuppe's Requeft was the fooner granted, becaufe
the Couneel at ^ciffa judg'd it convenient to pull down the Forts (^al and
Na:^aretta, being
already much decay'd and unferviceable, and that thofe who were in
Garrifon in
them, fliould Encamp in the Fields. Schuppe had long before this time
fall'n upon
the Enemy in the Jfogados, but that he wanted Provilions, and little
VefTels, which
were required for that Expedition. But marching up into the Countrey, he
left
the Command to /^ra^w^A;/, who much forwarded the building of the Fort
on
^aripuera.
The Year 1635. being almoft expired, one Morning about Day-break thirty
two ^great Fleet
C"1 r c f r^i \ M-^ ^ J of Spaniards _
bail were leen to Sceer direaiy towards l^eajfa - two Ships of an
extraordinary "pp^"'^ ^^'^^
igncls were tollow d by nme Gallions, and thefe by the reft of the
Fleet, con
Ming of Pinks, Carvels, and Barques j all which approaching, were known
to be

Spaniards, which ftruck no fmall amazement to the Inhabitants of (^fa/^,

moft of
their Ships being Cruifmg abroad before the Coaft oi'Brafde, and their
Men a great
diftance ofFin the Field ; onely five Ships fitted for an Engagement
being at Anchor, and five more deeply laden : Mean while the %my/? Admiral
approached
within a Caiinon-fliot of the Fame Ketch, difcharg'd one Gun, and flood
off to Sea
again, being informed that <^al and Na:^aretta were taken by the
Hollanders, On the
other fide, all the Places in their polfeffion had notice of this Fleer,
which Lichthan
follow'd with fix Ships and two Ketches, carrying two Companies of
Soldiers, befides Seamen, and keeping juft within fight of them, faw them at laft
come to an
Anchor before (paripuera (where a part of the X>utch Forces lay under
the Command
of Arcijfemky,) and make preparation to Land their Men; Whereupon
Uchthart
Landed alfo, with the Councellor Qarpentier, and joyning with
Jrci(femky, took up
a valiant Refolution.to Sail clofe up to the Spanlfh Fleet with his
eight Ships,whiieft
Jrcjfeusky marchM in the Night with Gx hundred Men to Jara^oa, to
prevent the
Enemy's Landing j but having a Tortuguefe for his Guide, was led a wrong
Way
wherefore returning, he fecur'd the Way to faripuera, whileft the
Tortuguefe Inhabit
tants, contrary to their Oath, refused to carry or bring Provifions to
the Vutch
Forces, and joyning together combined with the Spanljh Seamen, and kiU'd
all the
Hollanders which they could meet cither on the High-ways,or in their
Houfes, making ufe of the 'tiegro's to carry the Spaniards what Intelligence they
could give'them
of the Hollanders Proceedings : Wherefore they thought it the bed way to
be rid
of fuch Villains, to deftroy them all that dwelt in the Countrey between
fartpuera
and (porto Caho, and for the fpace often Leagues burnt all their SugarCanes in the
Fields, their Mills and Houfes. Arcijfemky causM Edids to be put upon
every Church
Door, That all the Inhabitants fiiould remove from forto Calvo, where
th^ Dutch
Army was to Encamp, to keep them from the 5>.i?2j7;; OpprelTiona
That

Hi,. ,,!

55^

<

Home-leen
taken by

J M E%I C J. Chap. Vil.

That Summer having been fo dry, that no man ever remembred the like, had
dry'd up all the MoralTes, fo that the Spaniards marching over them and
high Moun^ tains, got aback Way into the Countrey. In the mean time 'John Walbeck
made a
Fort with five Bulwarks on the liland Caracao^ near the Haven ^anta
Cru:^*
Hotiteheen alfo ran with two Ketches, the Otter and !Brackj to Anchor
before Cura
cao, and from thence to the Haven St, Jago de C^^, where the Watch made
no Alarm
becaufe he carry'd iBwrgw^J)) Colours, by which alfo feveral others,
hozh Tort ugue/e
and Spaniayds were deceivM. Not long after he burnt one Barque with
Tortoifes,
funk another, and fet a third a Drift ; after which having refrefh'd 3.t
Jamaica, he
Engaged with feveral Spafiip? Men of War and took them, befides a great
number
of Prizes, in one of which he found fuch abundance of Copper, Indigo,
Money,
Canajler, Tobacco, and PieceGoods, that the two Ketches were not able
to load the
fame 5 but at at laft Steering for Holland^ he was fet upon by feven
T>unkirhrsy Commanded by Colaertj and after long and ftout refinance was taken.
Captain Abraham ^ofendael fetting Sail from the Texel, met with a Frigat
carrying forty fix Ch^fts full o^^ats of Eight , being in number eighty fix
thoufand, dcfign'd to pay the Forces at ^orto ^ico j befides a quantity of Plate,
which amounted
to a confiderable fum of Money ^ with all which he arrived fafe in his

defired
Port.
^rcijfemkyionlR'd himfelf along the crooked River faripuera, full of
Crocodiles,
which hurt none, unlefs provokM. This River runs five Leagues to the
Northward oi^unta de Jaragoa, where the Spanify Forces Landed.
Southward from Jaragoa lie the Alagoas del Nort and 2/, diftinguifh'd
by a high
Trad of Land j where the Spanif) General Lei>pis ^chas !Borgia left his
Guns and a
thoufand Men, under the Command of the Duke ^agnoUy whileft with three
times
as many more he went to Torto Caho to be there before the time which the
Hollan*
dcrs had in their Edicts fet the Inhabitants for their removal,
Arcijfemliy had by this time built on the North part of the Mouth of
Taripuera a
Redoubt like a Caftle, out of the middle whereof rofe a woodden Tower,
filKd
with Earth, and fecur'd by a Half=Moon ; on one fide whereof he lay
Encamp'd
with fifteen Companies. On the South fide of the River flood alfo two
flrong
Forts. Arctffemky having not the leafl thought that iBorgi^ would come
over the
Mountains, and through inacceflible Woods and Moralfes, a back Way into
^orto
Caho, received news on the thirteenth o( January 1636. by a Renegade
Negro, that
the SpariiJJ? Army, confifting of three thoufand Men, were come to
^drigo de Garros his Sugar^Mills, about five Leagues from fanpuera, and was fuddenly
expeded
to fall upon Colonel Schuppe in Torto Caho ; whereupon Arctffemky
immediately fet
forth with twelve hundred Men and two Field-pieces, burnt all the
Houfes, Sugars
Mills and Canes he could meet with. Mean while ^Borgia (upon whofe
Approach
Schuppe had left forto Caho) obferving by the Smoak in the Countrey,
that Arcifemky
had put his Edids in Execution, leaving a confiderable Garrifon 'm"^orto
(^aho^
went to meet Arctj^emky with the choiceft Men. Arcifiemky being got
between Cainartgihi and ^orto Caho, without having any notice of the Enemy's being
fo near,
and his Forlorn being unawares Engag'd, and running back in great
diforder,
drew up his Men into a poflure of Defence about a Mufquet^fhot from the
Enemy ; but thedarknefs of the Night made a great confufion in both Armies,
being

as it were mingled pell-mell one with another. Arcifsemky was much

inferior in
number to x.\\q Spaniards, but confideringit was impofiible to march
back, in regard
the Enemy was as well behind them as before, and that thoufands
o^BraJllians lay
watching for them in the Woods, in cafe they fhould be difpers'd, he faw
there
was

"S'i:SSti^ilia^^

77^

"^t

~"''i^

i I

"is?^

^L't;

'^^

^^51SV

.M

if

li

C . Cafk \P-iJeatrj .

557

lies
ing
(ill,
Ver Borgia's Ar-i
hmy defeated
by Arci(feuf1^_y
and himlelt
t a flain.
the
nil
ifeft
dIhe
he

H
id
lDt
le
)e
:o'
I >

g^

'%'

Sj.--i.,jli.-""-'T-

Lj*'-'!^'jf-

^:^-.~--r-

.^s*^'

_',?sfi-.

^%*^.,jjv

C *'tfiW-w-

,,^v."SI*'

;t

.^*s-

' '^^.

C-. . '"'3." *'v *W.

.t^r Vf,, .-. V / ,V;V. i"'- - - . .'':-

''TSWlTfio_'j^5-'.iy ...

-' - 3i;"

'^

Chap. VII. A M E K I C A, 557

was no way but to Hand to the hazard of Battel. About Day-break both
Armies
ftpod an hour looking upon one another j the place where they flood
being
furrounded with Woods and deep Valleys. 2orgia drew out his Men on a
Hill,
overgrown with Buflies. Jrctfiemky\\2iA drawn out his Men on fomewhata
lower Borgia\ ah
Ground. 'Bornd a.t lafl: fent Tome of his Mufquetteers down the Hill,
who fir'd with hjArci}feZk.j
a full Volley upon the 'Dutch, whileft Arcifeiaky onely difcharg'd a
Field-piece at a Sm.'""'
Tree, under which 'Borpa ftood to take a view of the HoUeinders Forces j
upon the
firing of which Gun 'Borgia began to come down the Hill with all his
Armyjagainft
whom Jrcil^euiky drew out his firfl: and fecond Divifion, whileft
Captain fanden
Grande led his Companies within two Pikes length from the Enemy;, before
he difcharg'd, which was no fooner done, but contrary to Order they broke into
the left
Wing of Borpa's Army, and put his Mufquetteers to flight, who were foon
followed by the whole Spanifi Army, fome running into the Woods, others
intd the
Morafles^but moft of them along the narrow Way which leads to Torta
Qaho, Among
the Slain was iBorgi^himfelf, who was Defcended from the greateft
Families of the
Dukes oiLcfmct and Borgta ; he was about forty eight years of Age, and
had ferv'd
the Spanijl? King a confiderable time in the lS[etherlatids. This
Vi<5tory coft the Hoilanders about forty Men, befides as many more wounded. Amongft the
Spanip? Prifoners was a Neopolitan Gentleman, call'd HeElor de la Qalce, who upon
Examination
inform'd the Hollanders^ That with the laft Spanip? Fleet there Landed
two thoufand
four hundred Men in Jlagoa, with twenty Brafs Field-pieccs^ abundance of
Wheelbarrows, Spades and Pick-axes, v^rhich coft in ^Portugal eight hundred
thoufand Cmfado's -with which great warlike Preparations 'Borpa made no doubt to
have got
faft footing in the Cduntrey, and to have cut off all manner of
Afliftance from the
Hollanders ; That the Spanijh King rais'd a great many Men both in
Spain, Italy, and
Germany, that with the firft opportunity he might fit out a Fleet, which

was to be
conduced by four thoufand two hundred Seamen, to whom the Caftilians
were to
add eight thoufand five hundred Soldiers and two hundred Seamen, and the
fortii^e/: the like number, to ferve aftiore, and to drive all Strangers out
o[ Brafde
That this Defign had long fince been put in Execution, had not the
Jlbuquer^iuers
continually deceived the King of SpdmjUnder pretence that !Sr4/?/e. was
in no danger;
Thzt Albuquerque would be forced to refign up the Intereft which he had
in 'Brafile,
for which the King would give him a Dukedom in fortugal in exchange.
Schuppe and JrciJIemky judging it no way convenient to fall upon the
Enemy in
forto Calvo, Garrifon'd fari^uera with four hundred Men, under the
Command of
the Captains Day and fhilipjndrei?s, whom they furnifli'd with
Provifions for five
Moneths, and left Order to defend the Countrey againft the Incurfions of
the Enemy J which done, they went aboard with eleven hundred Men, and took in
two
Companies o^'BrafiUans^x.'Barra Grande j with whom Landing behind the
Ifle Akxio^
they came to Serinhain before Day-light, and found all the Inhabitants
fled into the /
Woods, fearing they would take Revenge on them for murdering of their
Sick
which they had left there. They were no fooner Encamp'd here, but they
received
Information from John Taliban , ihsit th^ Spanijh Army intended to
Befiege the Re
doubt in Barra Grande, which therefore, as lying on an ill place, and
not able to re
fift long, they flighted : After which being furnifli'd with Provifions
out of fome
Ketches Commanded by the Admiral iL/ck/j^rf, they returned, with
Intentions to
take up their Quarters in Serinhain during the Winter Seafon, whileft
the Enemy
lay in Cockau, on one fide of Una and Seri?ihain, and kept private
Correfponc'ence
with fome of the fortuguefe that had taken the Oath of Allegiance to the
Hollanders 5 but Arcij^emky fell fo fiercely upon them, that they ail fled to
forto Caho, and
' ' - / . , took

558

<iA M E %.I C A.

Chap. VII.

took three Monks Prifoners, who had been the chief Authors of this
private Correfpondence.
Soon after twenty eight Ships arriving at ^cijf'aj brought freHi
Supplies of Men
thither from the Maes and Zealandj with Ammunition and Provifions, which
was
much wanted j alfo two Councellors, Henrkk Schild and ^aulm
Serovskerken,
This Fleet was fcarce got in, when in the Evening news was brought that
eight hundred Spaniards were broke in through Toyucaj and had taken John
Taez
'Barctto's Sugar-Mill, and deftroy'd all they came at j but that the
Hollanders defending the Church with great Valor, obtained Quarter upon the furrendrincr
of it.
This raging Army, led by Colonel %ehell'mo and Madurera, march'd to
Lauren^o
and Mal^iapij whither there reforted daily more Men to them, which put
the Council at ^ciffa to a great Dilemma, forefeeing, that if they fliould fend
for Sduppe
from Sermhahtj the Enemy from Utia and Torto Caho would hem him in,
neither had
they fufficient Forces to withftand ^ehelUno ; therefore it was judg'd
convenient to
fend to Arc'tJ^emky to joyn with Schuppes Army, that they might both
unawares fall
upon the Enemy. In the interim a hundred and twenty Tapuyans, fent by
Janduy,
came to ^cijfa^ with information that Janduy was coming himfelf, with
feveral other neighboring Kings, to their A/Tiftance. Schuppe , according to
the
Counccls Order, march'd in the Night through the Sugar-Mills of !2(io
Formofo^
refted the next day in the Valley Orekinda, and guarded all the

Avenues : Whileft
he went about to Storm the Village Una, Manfyeld was to Engage with a
hundred
Spaniards on one fide of lletta's SugarMills, and JrciJ^emky was to
fall upon the
Village ; whither marching early in the Morning, they faw onely a few of
the
Inhabitants, the Enemy being gone with his Forces over to Manhucava, nor
could
they pafs any farther, finding the River too deep to wade through : But
it had
like to have gone wprfe with Stackhower Sind Litchthart^ who with
Maulpa^ making
twelve hundred Men, were furpris'd by ^ebellino, rufliing forth of an
Ambufcade
near Lauren;^, where Maulpas receiving a Wound dy'd of the fame. This
rough Entertainment at firft much daunted the Hollanders ; but regaining their
Courage, they
prefs'd upon tn\e SpaniJJy Army in fuch a manner, that ^ehellino being
wounded in
his Shoulder, fled in great diforder through the Sugar-Fields to Torto
Caho, and of
fifteen hundred Men fav'd not above four hundred, the reft being either
kill'd, or
fcatter'd up and down the Countrey ; twelve taken Hollanders were alfo
releafed by
this means. The Tortuguefe Defign on Taripuera alfo fucceeded not much
better.
JrciJ^emky receiving Letterf of Advice from the Councellor Serooskerkenj
that
Qamaron lay Encamp'd with fifteen hundred Men about the Fortrefs
Qapayarihi in
Goyana, and that the Befieged could not hold out above four days longer,
and that
the Enemy had alfo taken two Barques full of Provifions and Ammunition
fent
thitherto relieve the Befieged, march'd with excefiive toyl through
uncouth and intricate Ways, which were rendred unpaflable by the great Rains that had
lately
fo'flrhtf"' falTn, and came about an hour after Sun-fet to Capaviribi ;
from whence CamaronhtArag-^Hikh ing fled two hours before, had left Ammunition in three
Carriages, fecur'd from
fmall Shot by thick Planks, which were drawn clofe under the Walls ^
alfo a 'Buriian Flag, two Field^pieces, and two Barques which he had taken with
Provi*

The Spaniards under

R.ebellino

routed by
Stackhovfier
and Lickhart

<runc

fions. The Enemy fled to Tapifcrica, and from thence to Terra 2s[pVa
Whileft Jrcif*
feuiky view'd the Works, and his Men flood in good order, great numbers
ofBra/iUa?is Sally'd out of the Redoubt, took the Provifions which Camaron had
left, fpread
themfelves up in the Countrey, robb'd the fortuguefe Houfes, and kill'd
the Peo- ||
pie. AsCoonzs Jrcijieuskyhsid put all things in good order, he left the
Braftlians
m Goyana under the Command of the Councellor Eyffens, and purfu'd the
fled
Enemy,

mtam

Chap. VIL

<tl Ad E %^ I C J.

Enemy, nocwirhdandlrig there fell great Showers of Rain, relied a little

in the dcferted Village Tapifenca, formerly inhabited by three thoofand People,
who pof.
fefsM ieveral fair Strtidures, brave Walks, a large >/ifi^Cloyfter, and
a Church.
The fweec Water and pleafant Paftures invited the Hollanders to (lay
here a Niahc!
The next Morning marching forward to Terra Firma, they faw a ftrong
Fortification newly rais'd^but without Pcople.and heard the Enemy's Sentinels
fire ; whereupon >n//c^A; appointing part of the Army to follow atadiftance,
march'd before with the reft, and being fir'd upon from an Ambufcade by Camarons
Party, he
order'd Captain T^Wow to prefs in upon the Ambufcade; but becaufe it was

perform'd in great diforder, he fell in himfelf on the right-hand of the

Enemy, whileft
Lichthart' s[cc6nd Divifion ftood ftill ; which fo affrighted the Enemy,
that without
making the leaft refiftance he fled into the Woods, leaving many dead
behind him.
The next day Captain Bohart's Party tracking the flying Enemy, fell in
amongft
chem, and gave them a total Rout.
Arciffemky rcfolv'd to ftay fome time in Terra Ftrma to wait for
Camaron, but he
not appearing, he laid wafte the Countrey thereabouts.
(^ehellino and Lewis de Sofa falling upon the Counccllor Eyffens,
Governor of ?a^
rayha, routed him, and fet fire on the Sugar-Mills belonging to w^^/
(pire^, which
forc'd them with their Swords in their Hands to break through Flame and
Smoak
upon the Enemy, who kill'd nine of them upon the Spot (amongft whom
Eyffens
and his Secretary) the reft being cither taken or fled.
Immediately after Jrciffeusky being informed by two Prifoners, that the
%my7;
Forces Commanded by Sofa, Dias, and (^eheUino, were all joyn'd together
in the
Wood Jntonio, where Camaron was alfo expeded, he march'd away prefently
with
half his Army, and as foon as the Captains K^m^ znd Tourlon, whom he
com*
mandcd to follow him the next day, were come up to him, he fell upon the
Enemy, who lay on a Hill, at whofeFoot was a deep Valley, through which he
climb'd
to the top ; which valorous Attempt fo amazM the Spaniards, that without
firing a
Gun they fled into the Wood : After which Metting and Tourlon went back
to Lau^
ren;^o ; and Jrciffeusky deftroy'd the ^offa^^ of which the Farmha is
made, that fo by
fcarcity of Provifions he might prevent the Enemy from fo often joyning
together
in Parties : In the mean time ten Ships from Holland arriv'd with freOi
Forces, Ammunition, Provifions, and two taken Prizes, at (!(^ay/"^. "
Houte-^been being released from his Imprifonment in Dunkirk, fet Sail
from Holland with three Ships, and took ten Iron Guns out of one Ship, and
feveral Pipes of
Wine out ofanother before Mit^wc^ J after that a T^rf^;? from Havana,
two Frigats
with Meal, one full of Wood with two Guns, two Barques carrying Bananas,
a rich

laden Pink, two Ships with Hides, and one wish Sugar. Near the Ifland
Baru he
heard feveral great Guns fhoot ofl^whereupon making thither, he found
the Zealand
Privateer Martman Engag'd with a Ketch carrying ten Brafs and fix Iron
Guns,
which was run afhore ; whereupon Houte-been went to his a/Tiftance with
a well
Mann'd Boat ; which the Spaniards feeing, fet fire on their Ketch and
fled 5 but the
Flame having onely hurt the Stern, fifty Men were ordered to get her
aflo'at, who
having begun to unlade the Tobacco, and to take out the Brafs Guns, the'
GunRoom took fire, and blew up both Men and Goods ; of which twenty four
being
fadly hurt, dy'd, the reft efcaping miraculoufly. Not long after Houtebeen took
a Ship With Hides, fraighted the ^/aw^^r Pink with his Prizes for the
Texel, ran
clofe by Cartha^ena, and kept a confiderable time in fight of the
Plate=Fleet, of which
he carry-done of the heavieft Sailers away with him ; Being thus
enrich'd, here,
turn'd home.

519

Eyffens : flain
in a great
Fight with
Rnklline.

R.ebeUine put
to flight by ,
Arci^euikj.

Several Prizes taken by

Hokte-heen
after his Releafement.

An unludy
Accident.

Whilell

5<ro A M E%1 C J. Chap. VII.

Grave Maw Whilcfl Bufincfies wctc carry'd on afcer this manner both by
Land and Sea in
the 'bnnei ^rafik, thc Weft dfuH a Com^ztxy refolv'd to lend fome Perfon
of Quality thicher as
vemBrafiie. Prefident or fupreani Governor and after no long
Confultation who (hould be
the Perfon, Gr^Ve Maurice o^NaJfaJp was pitch'd upon, as being not only
eminent for
his Noble Alliance by Marriage to Emperors and Kings, but alfo for his
excellent
skill in Martial Affairs , the proofs whereof were known to all Men, as
his
marching to the 'P^/f;^ againfl Spinola^ his being in the great Siege of
Grol, Hertogen^ojcl?, Maejirichtj Venlo^ ^hynberkj and Schenkenjchans^ at all which he
received great
Honor j all which confider'd, they made him chief Governor oi'Brafile^
g^'vi^g \\\m.
a Commiflion Sign'd'by the States o^ chQ United tlether lands and IVeJlhidta Com.pany,
to Govern with abfolute Power, as well in Civil as Martial Affairs, to
the beft ad
vantage of that State, At firft they refolv'd to fend a Fleet of thirty
two Sail thither, but they afterwards reduc'd that number to twelve, which they
Mann'd with
two thoufand feven hundred Men. Gr aye Maurice fet Sail on the twenty
fifth of
October 1636. onely with four Sail^ whereof the Admiral Ship call'd The
Zutfeuj
cariy'd but three hundred and fifty Men : about the Sortings they met
with bluflering Weather^ infomuch that the Fleet was forc'd to put in 2Lt Falmouth^
and after
forty days ftay there, weigh'd Anchor, and Steer'd for (^a^e Verd^ and
refrefh'd at
the Ifle of May, famous for Salt-pans, and inhabited by a few ISLegro's,
and bamih'd.^ortugtiefes,
Heis joyfully On the twcnty th ird of J^/iM^r) 1^37. Gr ay e Maurice

o^xnyiw^zi^e ciffa, was by

R.eciffa. every one receiv'd with great joy 5 as alfo Adriaen Zander
Dnffen : and foon after Matthias Van Ceulen, SerVaes Carpentier, a,nd John Gylfeling.^ were chofen
to be of his Privy
Council J whofe firft Work was exad:ly to know their Forces, which were
either
Inhabitants that were to guard Towns and Fortreffes, or Soldiers that
march'd in
to the Field, two thoufand fix hundred whereof were appointed to defend
%eciffa^
the Jfogados, the Promontory St. Jugujtine, Tamaricaj and Tarayba : the
greateft
Party, which lay in the Field, confifted of two thoufand nine hundred
Men, and
another leffer Party of fix hundred j which laft flyingRegiment was to
be continually employ 'd to make work for the Enemy. They alfo took an Account of
what
Provifion and Ammunition they had in ftore, and found that there was
want of
both, efpecially of Match. Next he enquir'd after the Enemy's Condition
and
Power.
From forto Caho the Tortuguefe made continual Sallies out into the
Countrey,
which they fpoil'd and pillag'd, infomuch that the 'Brafdians being
opprefs'd by
them, deferted their Villages, and came for refuge to the Hollanders.
The Garrifon
in Serinhain was alfo much too weak to withftand the Incurfions of the
Enemy, the
rather, becaule the 'Porrw^ttf/e came along private, and to the
Hollatiders unknown
Ways. All which Gr^v^ MdMrife confidering, caus'daFaft.-day tobe
proclaimed, on
which they defir'd Gods affiftance in the earring on of their Defic^ns.
After which
FertugHcfes. ^^ march'd with the Army to Serinhain, from thence crofs
the River Una to 'Barra
Grande, 2ind thenceto meet with S^^wo/^, who though he was four thoufand
Men
ftrong, befides IS^egro's and Brafiliansj had ftopt up all the Ways with
fell'd Trees,
and fojrtifi'd others. On a Mountain, a League from ^orto Cdvo, Bagnola
kept his
Station. At the foot of the Mountain flow'd a Brook, whofe Shore was
overgrown
with Rice and young Trees, before which lay a high Bank , oppofite to
which
Grave c>^dwWceEncamp'dhimielf towards the Evening, with intentions to
fall upon
him the next Morning, notw^ithftanding his Army confifted not of above
fifteen
hundred Men, of which there were fix hundred :S;'<jy///4^. GraVe
Maurice's Guard

marching before were followed by Sc/;/'/?e and Arcifjemky, and they by

Lichthart,
whole

He marches
a^aialt the

Chap. VIL

<tA M E %^I C A.

5d'i

whofe Men were all Seamen ; all of them firing their Guns amaz'd the
Enemy,
whileft two Companies o^ 'BrafiliajiSjZnd three o^ Hollanders crept
through the overgrown part on the right-hand of the Mountain, and as many more on the
left, fell
unawares upon him J hut Maurice's Guard Engaging with a thoufand
^ortuguefes^
ran through the Water up againfl: the Works with fuch undaunted Courage,
that
^^o/^ Retreated, leaving four hundred Men flain, befides three Brafs
Guns^, and
a great number of Prifoners ; thofe which efcap'd fled to iPorfo G/>o :
ViMi^BagnoU
fearing to be Befieged there^ left ^oyacon^ which Caftle, built on one
fide of ^orto
Qahoy lies twenty five Leagues from ^ciffa^ on a Plain, partly
furrounded with
H. Mountains and PaftureS. The River 'Porto G/>o runs fo crooked, that
it almoft
furrounds the Caftle and Town. The Countrey hereabouts is full of Pools.
Two
Forts, each built on a Hill near ^oyacoUj !Bagnola had caus'd to be
undermined and
fiird up with Gunpowder j but they taking fire, were blown up before
the
Hollanders came thither, who found them fmoaking, and lying like a heap
of Rubbifii. idaurke marching forward, Befieg'd fovacon -^ and Encamping

himfelf be- po^otalow the Hill where one of the Forts had Hood, he raised a Redoubt, and
with a mmd^^l
Trench approached the Moat. Whileft Schuppe lay along the Town from the
Church, Lichthan made a Battery to the North, and fomewhat farther
Arctffeusky
another ^ then firing from four Batteries on ^oVacoUj the Befieged
anfwer'd them
again from their Walls, and on the thirteenth day the Governor Michael
Giherton
furrendred the Caftle upon honorable Articles : for thofe in Garrifon
being Italiansj fortt^uefesy and Cafitlians^ to the number of five hundred, befides
the Wounded
and Sick, were to be Tranfported to Tercera. Maurice entring the Caftle,
took two
andtwenty Brafs, and five Iron Guns, four Mortar^pieces, a great many
Bullets,
Matches, Gunpowder, and other Ammunition, this being the King of Spain
s Ma*

gazme.

Near Mbribeca, and before S^ Lauren^Oj the Enemy received a flirew'd

Repulfe bv
the flying Regiment, led by SfM/?0B;^r j but Lieutenant H^/w/V/;
obtain'd fpecial
Honor herein.
Grave Maurice after thefe Exploits took Shipping in ^arra Grande, at a
great Inlet
near ^Porto Qaho^ and Landed again at the Promontory Sergoa, from
when^ce he purfu'd the Enemy to the River Francifco j the Inhabitants about which
defir'd, and obtained free Condud. (Bagnola lay on the other fide of the River
Fr^wa/co, in the
Town Openeda ; wherefore 5c/;|j/7^, who was fent to the Jfogados to be
near the Ene^
my, was afterwards commanded to go to Openeda to fecure Grave Maurice's
Paffaae
over thither j but he coming thither after him, Maurice crofs'd to the
Shore on which
Openeda lay with Boats, and got great Booty ; and the more, becaufe the
Natives
had not fecur'd any thing, fB^^wo/^ alluring them that the Caftle
foVacon could ca^
dure at leaft a Siege of four Moneths.
Openeda belong'd properly to the Lord Mekhior Alhes, Near the Town rofc
a ftonic
Rock out of the deep River Francifco, eighty Foot high 5 from which Rock
there

jutted out like Redoubts five Points,and it was cdVd Maurice (^aftle.
Along the Shore
of the fore-mentioned Stream lay feveral very pleafant Ifles. Sagnola
efcaping privately from hence, was follow'd by his Men kneeling on floating pieces
of Tim=
ber, which with Sticks they Row'd over to the Northern Shore,
notwithftanding
the^Stream glides fo fwift, and is fo broad, that a fix.pound Bullet
cannot be fliot
over the fame 5 at the Mouth thereof Mamke built another Caftle. A
League from
his Camp feven hundred r^^Kj45 (a great falvage and ftrong People,
whofe Lan.
gu^gethefortuguefe,Brafilians, and Tapuyans that belong' d to Jandui,
could not un
derftandj had Ambufcadoed themfelves^and with figns and motions of their
Bodies

Chap. VIL

Grave Maurice begins

fais Government v/itb

they gave the Hollanders to underftand, that they would kill the
fortuguefe if they
offered to crofs the Rivers.
Maurice adviling frince Frederick Henrick of his Tranfadions, defir'd
that he
would fend over Planters thither, whether they were banifh'd Germans or
Vaga
bonds;, out of their Houfes of Corredion 5 for without them the fruitful
Countrey
of Sr^y//e would render but a flender Account to the Weft-India Company,
nor be
able to prevent the Invafions of .the Spaniards.
The fruitfulnefs of this Trad: of Land was not inferior to any Countrey
in the
whole World, Cattel grazing up and down in Herds of five, fix, and feven
thoufand. Moreover, Maurice advised them about the fcarcity of Provifions,
without
which they were not able to maintain War. He alfo fetied the Traders
in a good
Order dividing allthofc free People which bore no Offices, into four

Companies,
the making ^ndcr Captains, Enfigns, and Lieutenants. The Cuitoms and 1
ributes were
o.goo -am p^^^,j^ Marriages were order'd to be performed by the
Ketherland Priefts, the Jews
had leave not to Watch on their Sabbath, all manner of Deboflieries were
ftrialy
forbid from being aded on the Lords-Day, and Punifhments ordain'd for
Drunkards and other Debofliees ; feveral Schools were alfo ereded for Youth,
and for
the inftrudion of the ^rafilians in the Chrifttan Religion ; and laftly,
it was permitted to any that would, to build in the ruin d City Olinda, or elfe to
repair thofe Houfes that were fall'n to ruine.
Some of the fortuguefes fill'd Maurice his Ears with a Report of the
Silver-Mines
s.tCoHhaou,CopaoUyTerra NoVa^ 2in6 about Cape Sl Jn^nftme ^ but he not
regarding
them, plac'd Sheriffs over the Villages, and Overfeers over the Almshoufes and
Hofpitals, ifiliing out Orders alfo for the delivering of the
Provifions, which beincT very fcarce, every Man had a certain Allowance, that fo it might
laft the longerj
but when in this Diftribution the meaner fort began to be fcanted, the
Peoples
Complaints were fuch, that an Infurredion was like to cnfue, if not
carefully and
fpeedily prevented : whereupon the decayed and deferted Sugar^Mills of
the fortw
cfes were put to Sale, and fold fomefor three, others for fix and feven
thoiiiand
Pound,

^uel

Chap. VI I.

A M E'B^l C J.

5<Si

Pound, infomuch that the Weft-India Company got above loaooo /. for th$|
n all.
Soon after they fortified their Caftlcs and other ftrong Holds, and
broke doWn
thofe that were judg'd ufelcfs. The Brafeliam obtained liberty alfo to
inhabit theit
Villages and till their Land, that they might make Provifion for
themfelves, and
not opprefs the Planters that liv'd near them. The 'Porfw^we/"^ that had
fubmitted themfelves to the Government of the Hollanders, had free leave
granted them
to exercife the ^man-Catholkk Religion, onely they v^ere not to fend for
any
Priefts from St. Salvador, which if they did, they fhould be dealt with
as Plotters of Murders and Treafons ; they had liberty alfo to re-build their
Houfes
in Olinda, paying Tribute with the Hollanders : Moreover, they were
promis'd that
they fliould live free from all Oppreflions of the Hollanders, There was
alfo order
taken about paying the tenth part of the Sugar and Fdn?2/;rf. The Income
alfo of
Fifhing and Fowling, amounted to a conliderable fum of Money. And to
prevent
deceit in Trade, Meafures and Weights were made according to thofe o
Jmfterdam,
For the Conxtmn^ o( Ta^ans, Jews, a.nd (2(pwd Catholicks, able Teachers
vverefent
into the Countrey to promulgate the Gofpcl.
About this time there went a Report, as if the f^^y?/^/^ Company were
in^
clin'd to remove their Scat from ^eciffa to the Illand Tamarka ; but
Maurke advi*
fing them that it would not be fo convenient for them, they changed
their Refolution.
Whileft Lkhthart Cruis'd a confiderable time before the Haven Todos los
Sanflos V''" ^^'^^'^
he Crain'd his Ship in the Bay of Gwrfw,took the Town Ijleos^vjiih a
hundred and ^
fifty Men. In the Town, which is built on a Promontory, he took but
little Booty
and fav'd the Houfes, which were built moft of Stone, as alfo the four
Churches
and Jefuits Cloyfter, and returned to %eciffa.
About this time the invincible Caftle Mma^ afterwards call'd St.Joris^
was taken

hy iht Hollanders, upon the Advice of T^kholas Van Yperen, Commander of

Guinee
who fent word to Grave Maurke, that the faid Caftle might eafily be
conquered, if
any Forces could be fent him from ^eciffa : Whereupon Maurke immediately
fent
F r r 2 Joj^fi

Colonel Latan flain.

* ^ . . .
5^ 'tl M E "K I C J. Chap. Vil.
fcnt John Coin thither with nine Ships_, which fet Sail on the twenty
fifth of June
Jnno 1(^37. who in the Road Co}?imendo joining vjithTperenfaon after he
was fet down
before it, and was preparingto Storm, had it furrendred to him upon
Terms no
lefs advantageous to the Hollanders, than difiionorable to the Befieaedj
yet not
without the lofs of many Men j for in their March thither they were
fiercely fee
upon by the Negro's inhabiting the Village near the Caftle ; in which
Conflid: Co.
lonel Latan ^mongft others was flain. The Fort might very well have
endur'd a
longer Siege, it being furrounded with double Moats, each twenty five
Foot deep,
and high Bulwarks, which could not be undermin'd becaufe of the Rocky
Ground
on which they were built and to make it yet more flronger. Coin after
he had taken
it raisM a Fort on the Hill, from whence he had fir'd on the Caftle,in
which he found
thirty Brafs Demi^Culverins j and hiLvinoWalraeyenMalburg as Governor,
he returned to %eciffa.
During thefe Proceedings of the Dutch in Guinee, the Duke of Bagnola
ranfack'd
the Countrey about Seregippa del %ey ; Maurice not able to go himfelf,
having had a
Feaver three Moneths, fent Schu^^e and Gyfeling with two thoufand three
hundred
Soldiers, four hundred 'Brafilians, and two hundred and fifty Seamen,
whileft Lichthart Steer'd to Todos los Sanfios, that Co he might draw the Enemy down
to the Sea-

Coafl. ^agnola flying to Terra Gracia d' JVda, Schuppe demolifh'd the
Town Seregippa, the Sugar-Mills, and all manner of Fruit-Trees, and march'd with
incredible
Ipeed to the Stream Francifco j where Encamping on the Southern Shore,
he drove
three thoufand Head of Cattd before him, that fo he might flarve the
Enemy.

r/oSSir ^^ ^^^ interim the Braftlians in Siara defir'd Aid againft the
fortuguefe, offering,
^'^'''"" for That if the Ho//d^e/'5 could conquer the Fort there,
they would foon dcflroy all

the Dutch

the taking the

Fort S:ara.

:he fortuguefe ; that the Charges of the Siege might eafily be made
good, the Coun.
trey producing abundance of Amber.greece, Cryftal, Cotton, Pearls, Salt,
and
other Merchandife. In confirmation of this their Refolution, the
^rafiltans left two
eminent Perfons Children of Siara in <^eciffa '. ^hQttu^ovi George
Garftmanhzin^
fent thither, was no fooner Landed, but he made his Arrival known to the
'Brafilian
Governor Jlgodoi ; who came to meet him with two hundred Men, bearing
white
Flags in token of Peace : Thus aflifted, he fet upon Siaraj which is a
fquare Fort
built at the foot of a Hill, hath within its Walls fix Houfes, two
Redoubts full of
Port-holes, one on the North, and the other on the South, jutting
halfway out
from the Wall ; as alfo two Gates, fecur'd with large PortcuUifes :
without the Fort
appears the Governor's Houfe, about which were feveral Huts for
Tortuguefes,
This .Lordfhip, already fpoken of, is reckon'd amongft the Northern
parts of
'Brafik^ and hath onely twelve Leagues in circumference. The Haven

before the
Caftle, which the River Hacti makes, is of little confequence : The
Ground in
fome places rifes with high Mountains, in others, efpecially on one
fide, it is overgrown with Wood : hath alfo feveral brave Paf^ures, efpecially along the
River.
T^nh^^Var/i- ^'^'V^'"^" approachiug the Caftle Siara, found little
refiftancc, fo that he took it
m.in. with fmall expence of Blood, moft of the ^o/tw^w^y"^ being taken
Prifoners, a few
oncly efcaping by flight.
After this Gra^e Maurice took great care of the Civil Affairs, building
a Guild*
Hall at his own Coft and Charge 5 fent all manner of Minerals, digg'd
out of the
brafilian Mines, to the T{etherlands ; laid great Penalties on thofe
that ftole the Cu
ftom of Goods, and punifh'd with Death Murders, Robberies, and fuch like
Capital
Offences, befides feveral wholfom Laws relating both to the Civil and
Ecclefiaftical Government j and as foon as he was recover'd from his tedious
Sicknefs,
he march'd up into the Countrey to the Rivers Grande and Tarayha, to
take care to
furnifh

Chap. Vil. J M E R I C A
fLtrnilh the Fores wicli Provifion and Ammunition. Ne.ir the Caftle
Ceulen he was
receivM by the Tapnyati Acrencs, and Prefenced by them with Bowes,
Arrows, and
brave Oftrich Feathers, iis'd by them when they go to the Wars: in
return for
whichthey receiv'd Linnen Shirts, Knives, Shells, Bugks, Fiflihooks^ and
Nailso
Maurice caus'd a deeper and wider Moat to be digg'd about the dccay'd
Caftle (^abo
Delloj rais'd the Works, and call'd it by the Name of his Sifter
Mar^aretU; he alfo
puU'd down the Fort Antonio, keeping onely a Tower to defend the
High^way. %^^
firinga was likewife ftrengthned with Pallifado's, and the Cloyfter near
the Town
^arayba for tifi'd again ft an Aflault, and Elia^ Harkmms made Governor
of the farae^
Whileft thefe things were tranfadted on the Land, Captain Schuppe at Sea
Enga*
ging alone between Todos los Sancios and Terre Garcie d' Avila with

three Spanijh Ships,

drove one of them aground, and brought another away with him to
^ec'tffa. The
Letters found in the taken Veffel made mention, that in the River o^
Lisbon lay ten.
Galleys, and twenty more before Cales^ to which were to joyn thirty
Pinks j which
Fleet fomc fuppos'd was coming for !BraJile j others, that it was onely
a Plot of the
King of Spain to get Money from his Subje<5ts, according to the Cuftom
of feveral
other Princes.
Hereupon Maurice wrote to the WeU'hdia Company, that they would Rig out
a
Fleet with all pofliblefpeed, which might fall upon the foremention'dSpdmy^Fleer^
and fetch thofe Sugars which lay ready mBrafik to be Laden,
About the fame time a Party of the fortuguefes croffing the River
FrancifcOj came
to the Stream M^we/, whither (P^V^r J marching, put them all to flight.
Grave Maurice having a Defign on St, Salvador, the ^ortuguefe Metropolis
in 'Brafile ^ formerly taken by ^eter Hein 3.nd Jacob Wtllekens, and not long
after loft by the
faintrheartedncfs of WtUiam Schouten and Hans Kjfy though in all
likelihood not
ftrong enough to undertake fo weighty a Defign, yet confidering if he
fhould ftay
longer, the Seafon would not permit him, therefore he went aboard,
hoping that
he fhould receive fbme Aid from the Netherlands ; his Army confifted of
three thou*
fand four hundred Netherlandersy and a thoufand 'Brafiliatis. He had the
greater hopes
of Vi(5tory,becaufe he receiv'd information from St. Salvador, that the
Soldiers in
Garrifon there mutiny'd for want of Pay, and that the Governor and Duke
of iB^^?2o/^ were at difference concerning the management of the War. But
before he fee
Sail he had fecur'd all Places againft any Invafion, and got ready
twenty two Sail,
furnifh'd with Ammunition and Provifion, with which on the eighteenth of
Ju
guft Anno 1638. he weigh'd Anchor, and met with fix Ships at Sea, which
he took,
and arrived on the fixth day following before the Mouth of the Inlet
Todos losSanfiosj
which he could not enter by reafon of contrary Winds, but Cruis'd up and
down
before the River Vermelho and the Ifle Tapoam j whereupon the Governor
of St, Salvador and Bagnola drew the ^ortuguefe Forces down thither to prevent his
Landing :

About Noon the Wind coming about fair for the Hollanders, brought
Maurice
within Shot of the Ships, Forts, Walls and Batteries of the City St.
Salvador, Co
that he thundred with his Cannon againft them, and Landed on a
Promontory
near the Sconce Bartholomew ^without the leaft refiftance, in a
convenient place about
a League and a half from the City j where Encamping himfelf, he was
inform'd by
the Prifoners which he had taken, that about half a League farther was a
narrow
Bank, border'd with Moraftes, fo that none could pais along the fame but
at Lowwater, and then onely at a certain time, Tourlon being fent before with
three
hundred Mufquetteers to difcover the Place, found the Way not onely as
the Prifoners had inform'd, but alfo fortifi'd by the Enemy 5 againft whom
Maurice drew
out his Men, ordering Cd^^^TLinJohnyander Majl in the mean time to run
with ten
F f f 2 Sail

Grave Maurice fets forth

with a Fle^t
for the retaking of
St. Salvador,

f:

^66 <a M E %! C A ' Chap. VIL

Sail direaly upon the City, and to drop his Anchors juft without ihot of
it. Having beaten the Enemy from his Works, he broke through all the Paths,
Hedges
and Banks, till at laft he came and Intrenched himfelf near the Outworks of the
City, by which his Army was fecur'd from any Affaults from the Sea^fide.
Colonel
Brand alfo with little trouble took the Fort Thiltpl^o, built on the
Shore, and fortih'd
with five Guns. The next day Maurice Storming the Caftle ?hilippo, foon
became
Mafter of it, notwithftanding it Was well Garrifon'd, and had thirteen
Brafs Demi*
Culverins. The taking of this Caftle afforded the Befiegers a free

Paflage to their
Fleet. They alfo raisM two Batteries, from one of which they fhot night
and day
with feven great Guns, and from the other with the like number of Fieldpieces,
on the Caftle (I(pfario, which the Tortuguefe forfook j but going about
to take a
Homework on the top of the Qarmelites Cloyfter, he loft many Men in the
Attempt,
and amongft the reft the Captains HoTi^m, Hc/;^mk, "Boipard^Hollmger,
and the EnGrave Man- giueer Berchem j and in the end, after many bold and refolute
Attaques, what with
trwt'he the ftrength of the Place, both for number of Defendants, and
well fortifi'dnefs
SJX^/'* thereof, and what with the want of his expeded Supplies, and
laftly the ficklinefs
of his Army, by rcafon of the extraordinary Rains that fell, to the lofs
of many
Officers of note as well as common Soldiers, befides what were flain by
the Enemy,
he made as honorable a Retreat as he could, fo that this Expedition
prov'd altogether unfuccefsfuL
Mean while the Provincial States oi Holland and Zealand differed about
allowing
of a free Trade to Br a file, and fending of Colonies thither: Whereupon
Graye
Maurice writing to them his Opinion, demonftrated with good Reafons,
that a
free Trade, and frefh Colonies, would be much to the Companies advantage
;
which was 2i^^tQV A o^hy tht States oitht United Ketherlmds a.nd WeftIndia Company, who onely engrofs'd the Trade of 2^{,e^ro'5 and Brafile Wood ; and
on the Imported and Exported Goods they put a certain Cuftom.
The Weft^India Company confidering what Treafure ^Peter Bern had brought
from Matanca to Holland, they refolv'd to venture another Expedition
thither j and
to that purpofe fet out fourteen Sail under the Command of Cormlii
Houte-been, who
weigh'd Anchor out of the Texel on the fourteenth of Juguft Anno 1638.
and arrived fafe at ^ciffa ; where Houte-heen having fpent fome days in
Confulting with
Crave Maurice, went aboard again, and at his entring into the Ship,
bruis'd his Leg
between the Boat and the fides thereof, which fome fuperftitious Perfons
look'd
upon as very ominous ; but this Wound was not fo great as to keep him
back
from whatfoever Service came in his way : for difcovering the Spanift?
Fleet from
Terrd F/rw^ near C^^, before the Rocky iQe Organes, which confifted of

eight great
Gallions, and fix leffer Ships, whofe Lading was valuM at two hundred
Tun of
Engagesthe Gold,- aud Commauded bv CW I)/>iwo, heclapt the Admiral
aboard, threw in
his Grapling-Irons, and made him felf faft, with a Refolution either to
take him or
die, whileft the Dutch Vice- Admiral Abraham Michael^^oon ^oofendael
boarded the 5^^nip) Vice-Admiral, and the Rcre-Admiral John yander MaH the Enemy's
RereAdmiral j and doubtlefs, had not the Vice-Admiral and Rere-Admiralbeen
flain,
together with r^r^oo/?. Captain of the Orange-7ree, and other eminent
Officers, and
thofe that furviv'd fail'd in their Duty to him for want of Courage, he
had given
them a fianal Overthrow but whileft with much ado he had prevailed
with his
Captains to renew the Combat (having been forc'd by the coming on of the
5p^iiijhYicc and Rerc^Admirals to quit his hold) and was preparing for a
fecond Onfet, the Sea began to be rough, and the Enemy was gotten to the
Windward. Some
few days after being informed, that the 5p^i//; Fleet lay before the
Flats of Cuba
and

Chap. VI L (L/T M E%^jC A, ^^j

and the Rocky Orgmes, SteeiM thither, rcfolving to venture once more;
but when
he carae there, the Spaniards were gone ; whereupon he fent fome of his
Ships to
Braftle, others to Cruife before Cuba, whilefl he himfelf went for the
2>letherla?jds.
Whilefl this Expedition fell out fo unfortunately, Cameron^ General of
the Brafi^
Hans, fent three Agents to Gra^e Maurice, defiring to enter into League
with the If c/?India Company, upon fome Differences that were rifen between him and the
Duke
o^'Bagmla, Crave Maurice feemfng much inclined to his Offer, treated the
Agents
very nobly i who not long after, oblig d by his Civility, informed him,
that (^ame^
ron, an inconilant Man, had made Peace again with (Bagnola. But that
which chiefly

obftruded Grave Maurice's Defigns, was the want of Provifions,

Ammunition and
Men, notwithftanding his continual Complaints to the Company.
Aboutthe beginning of the Year 1639. the ^'p^H///; fleet, confiding of
twenty
eight Sail, moft of them Galifons, appeared in fight o^(]^ciffa, but
Steered South,
wardly J Gr^ve K^mVe hereupon fent out the befl: Sailers -to follow
them, and fee
whittier they were bound, or if they intended to Land, whilefl himfelf
march'd
along to oporto Caho j but informed that they were gone into the Inlet
Todos los San^
eios, he return d to ^ciffa, after he had (lorM the Forts forto Caho,
Una, Serinhain,
and that at the Promontory St. Augufiine^ with all Neceffaries.
About the fame time Jrcijfeusky arriving from Holland with a Commiffion
to be . vr ,
General over the Forces there, imparted to fome Friends the Copy of a
Letter that W"^'*^*
-^-_ * r J Grave Mauhe mtcnded to lend to the Jmfterdam Burgomafter Albert Coenraedf;^oon
Vander 'Burgh, '^"J^fj '^'^
containing many Accufations againft Grave Maurice and his Council 5 of
which he
being informed;, call-d a general Affembly,to whom he makes a large
Speech, wherein
he declared how faithful a Servant he had been to the States of the
United Netherlands
for the fpace of twenty years, complainM of the malice of Arcijfeusky in
wrongfully
afperfinghim, both in the aforefaid Letter and otherwiie, anfwer'd
particularly to
every thing which was laid to his Charge, (as he did afterwards in a
Letter alfo
from* himfelf to Vajider 'Burgh) and laftly made it his peremptory
Requeft, that he
might return home, and leave Jrciffeusky in Power, or that Arcijjeusky
might be fent
home, and he remain undifturb'd in his Government ; and fo withdrew,
leaving
them to their own Confultations. It exceedingly perplex d them, and took
op a
longDebate what Judgment to give in this Matter, which before they
concluded
on, they proposed feveral Expedients of Reconciliation between them ;
but feeing
it was all in vain, they unanimoufly judg'd it convenient, that
Jrciffeusky (hould
return ; who not long after accordingly weighed Anchor from ^arayha. for
Hollarid,
Arciffeusky arriving in Holland, appeared unexpectedly before the States

of the
United Is^etherlands and WeflAndia Company, where feveral Judgments were
pafs'd several w
upon him ; fome faid he defervM fevere punifhment, for his misbehavior
to Grave SnSghfm.
Maurice ; others feem'd to have compafTion of him, becaufe he had done
fo many
noble Exploits; moll laid the blame on the Company, who rafiily fent him
with a Commiflion as Chief over the Militia, not without impairing Grave
Maurice's
Power . but thefe Difcourfes felUmongft thofe who were not call'd to
give their
Opinion of this Cafe. .
John Coin was chofen Field-Marflial in Jrcffeuskys ftead, whilefl the
Councellors S-m"v
Matthias Ceulen^ Adrian Vander Duff en, John Guifeling, and Servaes
Carpentier, were ready
to come for Holland, and on the twenty ninth o^ OBober i6j^, they fet
Sail from
Tarayha, Vander Duffen bringing w^ith him an exad Relation of the
Condition of
Brafde, fofaras concerns the Wejl-Jndia Company, which being material,
we (hall
referve it for a more fit place.
It being fear'd that the SpaniJJ? Fleet in the Harbor of Todos Us SmHos
might
';-, undertake

Is fent back
into HoUandt

ftal in his
ft:ad.

5(58

A M E "E^I C A.

Chap. VII

*1

undertake fome Defign or other againft the Hollanders^ Grave Maurice

kept a watch^^
ful Eye upon them, repairM all decay'd Forts, rais'd new Forces, fent
out fome
VelTels to watch the Fleet, and prohibited the Tranfporting
ofProvifions, animated the 'Brafdian Commanders to fight againft the ^ortuguefe, and forc'd
the Owners
oFSuaar-Mills to Plant ftore of Mandihoka, that Co his Provifions might
laft the
longer,
A Party of the Enemy, confifting of about twelve hundred Men, having
pafs'd
. the River Francifcoj was foon after oppos'd by Colonel Donker.
A spanijh The Spanipy Fleet having lay'n a whole Year before St,
Salvador (becaufe they had
fovesrlSr loft near three thoufand Men, who on the Coaft oi Africa dy'd
of feveral Diftcm'''''^"'' pers, and therefore waited for a frefli Supply) fet Sail on
the ninteenth of Ko'vember
Juno 1639. with eighty feven Sail, carrying fixteen thoufand Men, of
which thirty
feven were great Gallions. Ferdinand Mafcarenhas, Duke of Torre, being
chief Admiral, carry'd the Flag and fixty Brafs Guns in the Ship Domingo j the
Tortuguefe
Admiral, %pderigo Loho^ carry'd fifty two Guns in the Gallion 'Bernardoof all
which, with the number of the Enemy's Forces, Graye Maurice was informed
by a
Letter taken out of a Pink laden with Sugar ; and alfo that the
Spaniards were in
great hopes of the *Porf ^e/e deferting the V/ejhIndia Company, with
whom they
were forc'd to joyn 5 that this great Fleet was ordered to Cruife two
years before the
Coaft o^Brafilej and to Land divers Men under the Command oCBagjwla,
Francifco
de MorOj Antonio ^derigo, Nu?mo de Mello, Jacob fire^o, Francifco
fe^^am^ and Lopes Bar*
^d//o 5 all which made Maurice write continually for Aid, " Which the
Wef.hidia
*^ Company muft fend fpeedily, unlefs they were refolv'd to lofe what
they had
^' aotten in Brafikj as alfo the People, who had hitherto defended the
fame with the
'Mofs of their Lives and Fortunes. .
A Negro that ferv'd a Spanijh Captain, call'd Henrick Dias, being taken,
informed
the Hollanders, That the Spanijh Fleet was much weakned by a poyfonous
Air on the

Coaft of Africa-^ and that they had left a confiderable number of their
Men in the
Hofpital at St, Salvador j that the Admiral was refolv'd with divided
I^orces to
burn all Places he came at, and to receive the Negro's, Mamolucks,
Mulatto's, and Brafilians, under his Jurifdidion. But Gra^e Maurice gave little credit to
this Relation,
becaufe the Spaniard doubted not in the leaft, but that he fliould take
Brafile from the
Netherlanders with his fore-mcntion'd Forces, why then fhould he ruine
what he
hop'd to poffefs ? None knew whither the S'/Jdwi//; Fleet intended to
go^ for fetting
Sail under the Command of Antonio Oquendo, under pretence of falling
upon the
Netherlands, they Steer'd their Courfe to Brafile, and at laft from the
Inlet Todos los
SanHos loGoyana ', but four days before they weigh'd Anchor, William
(jrneltf:^oon
Loos, who had fome time been Cruifing before the laid Inlet, came back
x.o%ecijfa,
with thirteen Sail of Ships, which wanted all manner of Neceffaries.
The lYefl-lndia Company had now been in a mean Condition, had there not
happily arriv'd firft eight, next two, and at laft nine Ships from the
Texel, the Maesy
and Zealand, yN\i\\ Provifions, and a Supply of Men ; which JMaurice had
no fooner
taken out, and unladen the Ships, but he fitted them for an Engagement,
and made
up the number of forty one Sail, who yet were not to be compared to the
Spaniards, ^
whofe fmalleft Veflels carry'd more Men and Guns than the biggeft of the
Hollanders, which in all had but two thoufand one hundred and ninety fix Men,
and one
Tcofm^l\. S^ip with another under twenty Iron Guns : With this fmall
Power the Admiral
Iml'urto ^ilii^"i Qorneltf^oon Loos went to meet the Enemy, and before
the River Michael took
^^"f'^|^;^'y^four Sp4i//; Ships, which carry 'd Ammunition and
Provifions for the Army, ,
*''" which Lopes Barbalio commanded afliore. On the twelfth of Ja?
mary, Anno 1640.
he

^6'p

s vatplojt

Chap. VIL <tA M E "B^l C J,

he defcry'd the Spanifl) Fleet between Itamaraca and Goyana j not far
from wBich Mafcarmhas thought to Land feven thoufand Men at ^aomorello-^ and they were
already
gotten into little Veffels when the Hollanders Fleet made towards them,
and about
three a Clock in the Afternoon began a bloody Engagement for four hours
in
which Loos Engaging with the Spantfh Admiral and four Gallions, was
kill'd in the AdmiraU...
middle of the Fight, which ended in the Evening. Jacob Hutgms carrying
the Flag """''
the next day in fight of the Promontory Blanco, chearing up his Men,
went to re- ii-k^m c\^a
new the Fight with Mafcarenhas, and with a few fmall Ships Engaged
feveral great S^Sec?""
ones, of which they had an advantage onely in their nimble turning and
winding. In this Engagement H/^^5 loft the Ship call'd 7he Sun, which funk
with
Colonel Mortimer and forty four Men, thirty four being fav'd in the
Boar. The
Bollanders Lofs was the lefs, becaufc the SpaniJJj great Gallions fir'd
over Huigens's
Ships, whichfir'd in the midftof the SprfwiWf Veflels. Huigens not being
tk'd
with two days Engagements, fell upon them a third time before (parayba,
and firing
at the Spanijh and fortuguefe Admirals, purfu'd their Fleet to the
Northermoft Coaft
oi'Brafile, whereby a ftrong Current they were driven Wefterly 5 and the
Sti)an^
Commanded by Jacob Alderick, lofing her Main-maft, was cut off from the
Fleet
by twelve Gallions j and three hundred Spaniards were already Matters of
the Deck,
when Alderick breaking from the Enemy, drove towards the Shore, and
cither kill'd ^^^'"'^^
the Spaniards that were in his Ship, or forced them to leap overboard,
whileft Jnto^ '"' ^''
nio Cmha de Jndrada, not knowing that Jlderick was aground, making up to
him,
ran alfo aground, which occafion'd a new Fight, and at laft ^^r4^4 was
made to
furrender his Gallion, and with it three thoufand Pound of coin d and
uncoin'd
Silver, befides other rich Goods, and two hundred and thirty Men, who
were all
fent Prifoners to %ecijfa.

January the feventeenth Hutgens ventured a fourth Engagement between <^o

Grande and Conyaou, where approaching the Spanijh Fleet, a fudden Calm
prevented
him from coming within fiiot of them, till againft the Evening the Wmd
began to ^
rife, but the Night approaching, it was not judg'd worth while to Engage
for fo few
hours, therefore they referred the bloody work till the next day ; when
about Daybreak Buigens ran through the midft of the Enemy's Fleet, and fir'd fo
fiercely on "^^^ ^/'""'/'^
Mafcarenhas, that he Tacking about, ftood away right before the Wind,
and not be- P"''%^t
ing able to get beyond the Shelves ^axios de ^chas, nor to get Water on
the Coaft, ^^ ^'"^'"''
becaufe the Hollanders Ketches guarded the fame, he Sail'd into the
Offin towards
the Line with a South-Eaft Wind. After which Huigens lay eight days
before ^to
Grande to refrefli and reft himfelf, and on the firft of Fehrmry he
arriv'd at ^eciffa,
where Maurice caused a Thankfgiving Day to be kept for this wonderful
Viaory^
whileft the Enemy was exceedingly abafh'd.
Several Difadvantages occurred towards the overthrow of the Spanip?
Fleet for
firft it was much weakned by the Difeafe which rag'd in the fame on the
Coaft of
Africa, infomuch that it lay ftill a whole year in todos los SanBos to
gather frefh Forces, whileft Maurice put himfelf in a pofture of Defence : Secondly,
they lay becalm'd, and met with contrary Winds for feveral Moneths, whenas the
Voyage be*
tween St, Salvador and fernambuco is commonly not above twelve dayswhich tedious Paflage occafion'd alfo a Diftemper and faint^heartednefs amongft
the Spaniards,
whileft divers Ships arrived at ^ctffa from the Netherlands, without
which it had
been impoflTible to have Engag'd with the Enemy, in regard till then all
manner
of Ammunition and Provifions were wanting. Huigens alfo had continually
the
advantage or benefit of the Wind, and loft in the Engagement but two
Ships, a
hundred and twenty four Men, befides twelve wounded ^ Moreover, but
twelve
Ships

57^

AMERICA.

Cliap. VII.

; /

Ships onely of the Dutch Engag'd with this great Sp^ni/7? Fleet, the
reft never coming
within (hot wherefore the two Commanders, John Coopman (^ykj and Tetcr
Jacohy
were condemned to be Beheaded ; Cornelp5johnf:^oon Siud feter Virkf:^jo?
i had their
Swords broke over their Heads by the common Hangman j Cornells Lucifer,
Dirk
Eger, and Jacob Clayor, were banifh'd and others came off by paying
great Fines :
but the Spajup? Fleet loft in the four Engagements twenty Ships, and
fome thoufands
of Men, the Jo/eph alone having four hundred (lain in her. Laftly,
anchoring near
the Ifland Mar^areta, the fortuguefe Admiral Qofmo de Couto, and the
Captain.Gcneral
Francifco fimentello, falling out, the Spaniards Steer'd to Terceraj and
from thence to
Qles, where there Landed but few Men, moftof them dying of Hunger and
Thirft
in their Return home : Four Gallions,with two Pinks,got into the Spanif?
Harbors,
the reft being either ftranded before New' %i, funk, or return'd to the
Inlet Todos
los Sancios,
Before the foremention'd Fleet weigh 'd Anchor from St, Salvador ^ two
thoufand
(portuguefes, befides Tapuyans and other ^raftlians, march'd under the
Command
o( Cameron, V'tdal, and 'Barhalio, with divided Forces into the
Countrey, partly to
get Provifion, and partly to do what mifchief they could to the
Hollanders, far
and near : their Orders were to joyn in the Village St, Laurence^ feven
Leagues beyondfaomarelloj that there th^y might make way for the Seamen to Land,
if the
Netherla?id Forces fliould chance to guard the Sea=Coaft thereabouts,
and to joyn

with theraasfoon as they were Landed. But Grave Maurice encourag'd by

his late
Yidiovy at Sea, immediately fent the Field^Marfiial Coin againft
Camerou, who
diviidng his Army into fmall Companies , had diftributed them through
the
Woods ; in which Coin followed his Example, and with divided Forces
purfu'd
Gw2ero's Army, and overtook his Captain T^^ and two hundred Men at
'Pojwc^j
(whereof /Lo/)W barhalio was Governor) wbofled, notwithftanding he
Commanded
fix hundred Men.) Soon after which the Mufter-raafter Majifveld met him
near the
Village St. Laurence, Engag'd him, and putting him to flight, found
feveral Papers
pon^guefes of Concern that he had left behind, and amongft others a
Letter, in which (Barhalio
the^'S'r- was commanded to fpare nciiha !Brafilians not Netherlaiiders
sl'we, but to kill all,
andersdiko- ^-^j^^^^ rcgard either to their Age or Quality, except the
fortuguefe. Moreover,
JndriesVidal urgd the Owners of the Sugar-Mills in the Netherlander s
%'afile, immediately to take up Arms, to regain their ancient Freedom, as foon as
Ma/carenhas
appeared with the SpanijJf Fleet on the Coaft o^ !Braftle : Thus Fidal,
by Letters and
private Conferences, prevailed fo much, that moft of the fortuguefe were
ready
againft their Oaths to root out the Netherlander s : The fign when they
fliould be
ready, was the burning of fome Sugar.Mills, Vtdal imagining thereby to
have
drawn the Netherlanders from the Sea^fide, and fo made the Sea-Coaft
free for the
Spaniards to Land fecurely in. But the Garrifon under Com along the Seafliorc
near Alexis, not ignorant of the Enemy's Plot , kept their Stations, and
fuffer'd the Mills to burn. The like did Craey ^t the Promontory of
Sz,Auguftine,
ficard ziTaomarello, Captain Day at Cantolaria, and Do?iker on Goyana j
Hoogfiraet kept
Guard up in the Countrey ; Touilon alfo fent out by Maurice againft
Francifco SoJ a
and Henrtck Dias, who had pillag d all the Countrey about the River
Conajou, fell
upon them in fuch a manner, that he deftroy'd eighty feven of them, and
wounded
a confiderable number more of them, made the reft flie to St. Salvador,
Two Moneths before the Spajiif^ Fleet fet Sail from ToJoi los Sanclos,
three thoufand Tapuyans C2im t to %io Grande with their Wives and Children, from
an unknown
Countrey remote from the Sea. Grave Maurice requefted their Kingyo/; de

Wy, thzt
he would pleafe to keep Watch along the Sea^Coaft, and prevent the
Landing of
the

Cameron's
Forces and
Bavbaliot
put to flight
by Coin.

ver'd.

*^--{fcv.;:;

^i

Chap. VIL

a M E'B^I C A.

t\\Q.S^^viiJh Seamen : WKereupon De Wy fenc his Son to the Caftle Ceukn,

making
folemn Proteftations^ that he was ready to lofe his Life and Fortune for
the Netherm
la?iderSy in helping them to drive the Tortuguefc out of 'Brafile.
Maurice alfo joyn'd
t^oi\\o\x^u\A'Braftlians^ and QoXonoXGarflman with fixty
IS^etherlaitders, to the Ta^uyans, that fo he might train them up in Martial Difciplinc, whileft the
Tapujam . > .
Wives and Children were placM on the Ifland Tamarica,
About the beginning of the Year 1640. Houte-heen and Lkhthart brought a
coniiderable Fleet from the jS(etherlands to an Anchor at ^ecijfa, where
a Conful-

tation was held, whither thefc Ships might be fent to do mod Service :
every
one had aa Eye on St. Salvador, not long fince Storm'd in vain ^ but
Maurice
judg'd that they had not Forces enough to undertake fo grand a
Defignjbut thought
it would be better to Land fome frefli Forces near St, Salvador, that
there they might
burn the Sugar-Mills, and deftroy all things they could find, in revenge
of whac
the Enemy had done at ^arayha. Whereupon Tourlon and Lichthart fct Sail
with
twenty Ships, Mann'd with two thoufand five hundred Men, to the Inlet
Todos los
SanBosy where they burnt all the fortuguefe SugarsMills, Houfes and
Villages j neither did their Swords fpare any alive but Women and Infants : TheCattel
which
they found they carry'd aboard of their Ships, and burnt all other
Provifions.
In the mean time Houte-heen and Coin fell upon ^orto Vranco, where they
ruin'd all
things, to no other end, but that the Enemy might call home his Forces
out of the
T^etherlanders 'Brafile, to defend the Province Todos Us SanHos. But
Captain Brand capt. Brai
going up too far into the Countrey with his Army, was fuddenly fet upon,
had a "^r.
hundred of his Men flain on the Spot, and was himfelf taken Prifoner,
together
with many more. Alfo the Storming of the Town Sfirito SanHo by Coin
prov'd un* . . .
fuccefsfuL becaufe he led an undifciplin'd Company, and wanted little
VefTcls to "f'f""y .
' r i / * Storms Sp'
Land in on a fiadden ; for the Enemy having had timely notice,
immediately rais'd n>esSo,
a Sconce about the Town, and with five Brafs Guns fir'd ftoutly on him,
who endeavor'd to climb up the Hill, but was forc'd to found a Retfeat, his
Men failing
in their Courage j yet at laft breaking into the Town, he fet fome of
the Houfes ofi
fire, which being built of Stone, refilled the Flame j fo burning onely
four hundred and fifty Chcfts of Sugar, he left fixty Men killed, and brought
back eighty
wounded. Lichthart in the mean time made great havock about St.
Salvador*
In this Conjuncture the Pf^y^'W?^ Company fufFer'd much by Robberies and
Spoils committed up and down the Countrey, by the fetting their Woods of
Bra^
file on fire by a company o^ Negro's, the chief Riag4eader of whom was

one call'd ^^^f f/^

^eter Vift, who from Caves and alraoft inaccefTible Ways came forth in
the Night, fif^byPrtfr
and fet fire on whatfoever places he came to, notwithftanding a hundred
Kegfo's
of his crew wer-e foon after caught, which heat feveral times had by
force taken
out of their Mailers Sugars-Mills 5 which Grave Maurice prevented as
much as poffible, by keeping Soldiers up and down in Arms. He alfo us'd the
fortuguefe very
civilly, who though they promised Obedience, becaufe they liv'd under
the Jurifdidion of the ^e/?=rJw Company, yet were ready on alloccafions
tofhewthe
contrary J wherefore Gr^>^ M^nce fending for the chief of them to (2?
fc/^^ from
^ernambuco, Itamaraca, and ^arayha, told them before the Privy Council,
that
they might eafily fee how vainly they expeded that the Spanijh Crown
(hould take
Brafile from the Netherlander s ; that formerly they depended on the
Spa?iijh Fleet
Commanded by Mafcarenhas, but that being deftroy'd by a fmall Force,
that hope
was loft 5 therefore if henceforward they would Trade 00 their own
Accounts, they
might be aflur'd they fhould not fuffer in the leaft, either in their
Goods, Religion,
or Perfons
- . . The

:'i

Hedar dc
Cake taken
P.ifoner.

Grave Mail'
rice delir'd by
the States and
Ve'.t.liiditx
Company to
continue in
his Government of BraJile.

57^ J M E%I C A. Chap. VII.

The ]>leopoUtan Field^Marflial Hc^or dc la Cake, fetting Sail from the
Haven Todos
los SanHos with an old Ship carrying fix hundred Men, was forc'd to run
aground
in the Haven oifarayha, where he and the chief Commanders were taken
Prifoners
whileil the Common Soldiers by realon of the fcarcity of Proviflons,
were fee at
liberty.
Houte-heeu and Lichthart weight Anchor with twenty four Ships, carrying
two
thoufand Soldiers and feven hundred Seamen to Havana, to Cruife for the
PlateFleet, but the Spanijl? Ships keeping within their Harbors, and their
own being dif.
pers'd and fcatter'd by ill Weather, their Voyage prov'd in vain. ^
Not long after Grave Maurice fent fome Ships under Lkhtharts Command to
Cruife before the River 7^^nW, and others for the fame purpofe to
J^z^o/^ . but
he cffeded little, forheonely took two Ships, one whereof being laden
wtth Wine
was fold for 9400 1. 5f^W. '
The news of the Tortupieje Cxov^n'mo^ the Duke o^^ragancia, and calling
off the
Caftilwi Yoke, which very much chang d the face of Affairs in ^rafile,
was about this
time brought over by the Jefuic Franafco Filhent,md the Under^FieldMarriial'P^ffr
Corera de Gama, who were by ^ragamia fent to St. Salvador, not onely to
bring the
tidings of the <Portuguefes Kewoh, but alfo to take the Oath of
Allegiance front
Montalvan to the new King, which he made no fcruple of j fo that from
thence*
forth all but the Gfttltan and NeopoUtan Soldkvs, caft off their
Obedience to the
Crown of Spain. Whereupon Montalvan defir'd GraVe Maurice to allow a
Ceffation of
Arms, till fuch time as they might both receive information what
Trifia?! Mendo:^a
in the new King o^<BwtugaVs Name, had Treated with the States of the
United Nel
therlands ^hout and to make the Requeft feem the fairer, feveral
D/^rc/? Prifoners
werefet at liberty, and the Companies with which Taulo Jcunhas was
marching to
'Pmz^m^/^co, were call'd back.
Grave Maurice defiring in his Letters to be released from his Employment
ia

r^y^/^, receivM for Anfwer from the 5?^^e:r, " That it would be very
difadpnta" geous for the States for him to come home, now he throughly
underftood the In'' treaguesof the Ne^v World,m which he might do much good, efpecially
fince the
/"Porf^^r^f/e being revolted, would in all probability aflift them in
deftroying the
^^Kingof(;^y?/\Vs Forces; therefore it was now the moH proper time to
prepare
^'forAdion. ^ ^
To this Requeft of the States was added that of the Weft-hdia Company,
who
alfo fent earneft Letters to the fame purpofe-, which made Maurice
defei: his Return, and prepare himfelf for fome grand Undertaking : And i^rft he
joyn'd the
^roYince of Seregippe Del (I{ey to the Netherland^rafde, built a Fort
and Armory in
the fame, and built a Wall about the Town j which Work was the more
followed,
becaufe Seregippe, which border'd upon the Province of Todos los SanBos,
fed abundance of Cattel, and gave great hopes of Silver.Mines.
Grave Maurice likewife obferving what great Profit proceeded from the
^;;^o/4;/
Kegros, and that the S[miijh Sugar-Mills could not work without them,
undertook
to ingrofs that Trade wholly into the Weft.lndta Companies hands ; to
which purpofc Loando St, faulo being judged a fit Place for a Factory, HouteJeen
was fent thi=
ther with twenty Ships, Mann'd with nine hundred Seamen, two thouland
LandSoldiers, and two hundred Srajiltans : the Land-Men were Commanded by
Hmder^
Jon, who arriving with the Fleet on the twenty fourth of Jugufti6^o.
before Loando
St. faulo, ran in between the Enemy's Caftles, St. Crux, (Bcnto,
Sibylla, Vmccnt, Velho,
and againft five Batteries along the Water fide, all full of Guns, and
fir'd fo vehemently upon the Enemy, that being forced to leave his Works, he made
room
for

in
iXpO-

Chap. Vil, . AMERICA.

for Hmderfon to Land j who immediately march'd to the Town, \Nh\c\ifetcr
C^far
Menefes defended with ninchnndi-^df or tupiefes^ and fome thoulandsof
A[fg;ro'y^ who by^w-''"'
ftood the firfl: Onfec 5 but Hfw^a/o^ falling upon them again, fo
affrighted chem^
that they fled j which Menefes perceiving, loon folio w'd, and lefc him
Mafter of the
City, in which he found onely a few drunken Soldiers^ decrepid old
Peoplcj twenty
nine Brafs Guns, befides feveral Iron ones, and great plenty of
Provifions and Am*
munition. Mean while Houte-been took thirty Ships hal'd near the Shore.
This City is built on a Hill, and hath feveral fair Buildings and Cloy
fie rs, Defciption
2Lmong(i which the Jefuits !ind aptichifis 3.VC the hcik. Along the Sea
(liore, at the ' ^'
foot of the Mountain, (lands alio a long Row oFHoufes, near which
HjW^r/o immediately call up Bulwarks againft any Aflault^ and likewife two
Sconces, the bigs
geft whereof is on the utmoft Point o^ Loando, near the Fott Sibylla,
Twelve Companies being left herein Garriion, quite contrary to Menefes
his ex* Ar^;#/
pe(5tation, who thinking that the N(?f/?^r/d/2<i^rj came onely for
Booty, and not to ituistcs!
take or keep the City by force of ArmSj made his Complaints therefore by
Letters
to Houte-been, alledging. That there was Peace made between the King of
Tortugal
and the United ISIjetherlands , and that the former Adts of Hoftility
w^ere chang'd to
friendly Correfpondencies. But Houte-been anfwer'd, **^That he knew not
of any
'' fuch Agreement between Portugal and the Isletherlands - and if he had
known ir^
^' how fliould he be fure whether Menefes held with the Caftdians or
^ortuguefes I If
** Menefes knew of this Agreement, and was of the ^orttiguefe Party, why
did he re" ceive thofe as Enemies, whom he muO: acknowledge as Friends ? His
Complaints
" were now too late, fince the Hollanders had obtain'd the Victory with
the lofs of
*^ their Blood. a
Menefes therefore feeing no hopes to regain Loando, either by Complaints
or
Force, defir'd eight days CefTation oFArms, that in that time he might
fie himfelf

to go from thence to another Place j which the Netherlanders in Garrifon

would not
hearken to, but commanded him to march away immediately fixteen Leagues
from
t>oando^
Mean while the Angolan Princes joyning with the Netherlatiders, fell
upon the "Portuguefe wheree*re they met them. Moreover, feveral Citizens returned to
Loando,
and proffer'd half their l^egro'sy if chey might but have liberty to be
Tranfported
to St. 5j/v^^or with the other half but it was judged more convenient
to keep
them, and by fair means alfo to invite the refl, becaufe it appeared by
the ^wo^olan Accounts, that the profit of the 2S[^^ro-Trade amounted yearly to
fixty fix Tuns
of Gold, the Charges of the Garrifon^ and fitting out of the Ships'
being deduded Tradl^'"^'"'
from it. The Spanifl? King had yearly above fifteen thoufand Negro's
from hence to
employ in his ^wi^nV^;^ Mines.
Houte-been Sailing over ftom Loando to the lOe of St, Thomas,^ Landed
fome of his ^^^^ j^j. ^^
Men over againft the Sugar Mills of St. Juna, and ran with his Fleet to
an Anchor tly^Ty"
near a fquare Caftle,with intention to ufe no Hoftilicy,unlefs provok'd
which the ^''^"^''^^ or tuguefe did by firing their Guns, and were anfwer'd by Houte-been j
one of whofe
Ships caird the ?2c/;i/ew was blown up ; thofe that Landed alfo met
with fome refiftance from divers T^e^roVj yet atlafl: they gain'dthe Fort^in which
they found fix
GunSj and foon after march'd into the Town faVaofa, where the
Inhabitants had
left nothing but empty Houfes 5 the great Caflle they were forced to let
alone, becaufe the Scaling-Ladders would not reach to the top of the Walk, which
were
twenty eight Foot high : But Houte-been comma afhore, raised a Battery
behind the
Church, from whence he fir'd with fix Derai^Cannoos, and threw fixty
five Granado's amongO: the Befieged, twenty whereof burfi with fiich
violence, that all

Great profit

tnincT

^7+ ^ M E "KI C A ' Chap. VIL

things about them were beaten to pieces 5 and thofe in Garrifon raarch'd
but, notwichftanding they might eafily have endur'd a long Siege, having twenty
Brafs,
and flxteen Iron Guns, befides all manner of Ammunition. Houte^heen thus
become Mader of all things on the Ifland of St. Jhorna^, fcnt for the fled
Tortuguefes
into the City on reafonablc Proffers, embrac'd by many of the
Inhabitants and M^^^^o&'os. But whileft Houte-been put all things in good order
here,theCountrey Difcafe
ttS'd^ s^; began to rage amongft the Seamen, for thofc who but a little
before climb'd up tl^c
^2rofTie Walls couragiouilyjgrew faint, and fell down in a Swoon ; thofe
who fought valindfofX antly ag^iinft their Enemies, were now put.into their Graves 5 in
fliort, of a thou^'''^' fand Men^a hundred were fcarce left in health^the reft being
departed,or lyine Bedrid ; the unwholfom Air without any difference infe^ed both great and
fmall for
the Commanders Af^y?;a^^^r,F'4/at, Dammert, Qaudtips^ Teer, Tack, znd
the chief in
this Expedition, Houte-been, were all taken off, and Interr'd in the
chief Church of
(payoafa, after the finiOiing of fo much bloody Work. Moft complain'd of
intolerable Head-ache, even to Diftradlion, others alfo of horrible Gripings
and all
thofe who wcreafflided either of thefe two ways, moft certainly dy'd in
four days
time. The occafion of this deadly Diftemper was by divers, according to
their dif.
ferent Judgments, imputed to feveral Accidents j but doubtlefs it was
chiefly to
be afcrib'd to the poyfonous Damps or Fogs, which often rife in this
Ifland, at
which times every one us'd to keep clofe in their Huts or Houfes which
the N^therlanders being ignorant of, neglected.
Thefirft Co- The <Pormuef that dwelt on this Ifland informed the
Ketherlanders, that few liv'd
lonylentthi- V r C \ in ***
the'thiff" ^Dove hfty years there, yet notwithftandingthc great Gain
tempted them to tarry,
J^"gof^'"- feveral of them having two or three hundred ISlegros that

worked in the SugarMills; that^o/pw the Third, King of <Porfwgd/,fent a Colony thither
above two hun.
dred years before, whom though the unwholfom Air deftroy'd, yet the
Place was
not left defolate ; for he fent new Inhabitants, who firft Setled in
Guinee, next in
Angola, and laftly on the Ifland St. Thomas, that fo they might be the
better us'd to
the Air ; that the faid King fold all thofe J^k^^ for Slaves that
refused to embrace
the ^man Religion, and caus'd their Children to beBaptizM, from whom
(coming
thither in great numbers) moft of the piefent Inhabitants were
defeended.
Twice a year, Vi^. in March and September, the Sun is in the Zenith
here, being
right perpendicular, and by that means makes no Shadow at Noon-but the
Heat is
fomewhat mollifiM in thefe two Moneths by the Rains which fall, and in
the Summer by a Weft, or South Wind ; for there never blow neither Eaft nor
Northerly
Winds.
The Defcri- The white People that dwell here have commonly a Feaver
every eighth day .
C^ '^' fii^ft they gfow chill, next cold, and at laft very hot, which
lafts onely two hours.
They commonly Let Blood four times a year to prevent this Diftemper. The
2NJ^gro's generally attain to a great Age, many times to above a hundred
years. The
Ifland bears the Name of St. Thomas from the Saint on whofe Day the
^ortn<ruefe
difcover'd the fame. From the middle of it rifes a Hill, overgrown with
Trees,
and covered on the top with Snow, which dropping down into certain
Brooks, runs
through the Woods, and moiftens the Cane-Fields. The Ground it felf is
tough,
and Afli-colour'd j in it breed blue Crabs like Moles, which hurt all
manner of
Roots and Plants. The City o^TaVaoJa is the Metropolis of the Ifland,
and a Bifliop's See 5 it lies near a clear and pleafant Brook, and is flank'd on
one fide with
Hills, fruitful in the produ6tion of Sugar-Canes, but partakes of the
unwholfom
Air of the Ifland, which therefore can fcarce be defended by
Ketherlanders, becaufe
they being unaccuftom'd to the Climate, generally die : Wherefore Crave
Maurtce
advis'd

Ciiap. VI!. <lA M E%^1 C A. ^j^

advisM the Statss to pcopk this Place with Malefadors, who might either
live here
to the Publick good, or die with Icfs Difgrace than in a Prifon.
Towards the latter end of the Year 1641. Ltdpthart ^nd Coin weighed
Anchor with TheCuy^r.
eight great, and fix Icffer Ships, and Sail'd to the lOand of Mara^non
where Com SylX".
Landing near the City St. lodowick, march'd immediately to the Fort,
wafli^d
on both fides with one River, which there divides it felf into two
Branches : the
Governor of it being too weak to hold out a Storming, fent two eminent
Perfons
to Coin, with Proffers that they would furrender on reafonable Articles:
whereupon Coin granted them their Lives, and free pofl^e/Tion of their Goods,
and gave
leave to the Soldiers to ftay in the City St. Lo^oW(;/L,provided they
had no Arms,till
Orders came from Grave Maurice and his Council at ^ectfa. The Hollanders
entring
the Fort found fifty five great Guns, abundance of all manner of
Provifions, and
left fix hundred Men in Garrifon. But the new King of Portugal
complain'd by his
Agent Mmh^a to the States of the United ]S[etherlands , concerning the
Tranfadions
of the Weft-India Company, who had taken the Loando, and the lOes St.
Thomas and
Maragnan, from him. But he was anfwer'd, That thofe Places were taken
either
before the ten years Peace was concluded with the fortuguefe, or before
the King
approved of it, or at leafi: before it was publiOi'd.
Graye Maurice finding that he could not prevail by fair means with the
^ortugmfe
in 'Brafile, fought to do fomething by force of Arms, becaufe the
welfare of the Weft^
India Company depended folely upon the fortune of War ; his Defign lay
towards
the South Sea, whither the Ships might the eafier Sail from Brafile
through the
Straights of Magellan or Le Maire, becaufe in the Summer there blow for
the mofi: ^
part Northern Winds along the Coaft of Jmenca. There were likewife many
good
Conveniences in the Southern Ocean, not onely to fiirprize the rich
Manilha Traders, but alfoto meet with the feruVian Plate.Fleet ; befides which,
Enquiries

might be made with little Charges, if any Place were fit to Settle on
for Trade ia
the unknown South Land.

This Year 1641. was not onely remarkable for the Tortuguefes revolting
from a great De.
thzSpamards, but alfo for a great Deluge, which did much hurt in
l^rafile- ^for the^'""""'
Rams fell fo exceeding hard without ceafing, 'that the fwoln Rivers
every where
overflow^ their Banks and Dams . the Plants were either wafli'd away, or
were
eaten up by little Worms, which bred as foon as the Water began to
fall'. Befides
this Plague, the Small-pox alfo rag'd amongft the People, of which many
dfd
and others lay lingring a great while. The Sugar-Mills likewife flood
fi:ill for
want of Ne^ro'x, which the Diftemper had for the moft part defl:roy'd,
and the Su.
gar-Canes rotted in the Ground.
Man while GraVe Maurice receiv'd news of the Agreement between the King
of a Peace a<Portugal and the States of the United Netherlands, according to which
every one was to '"' " '" ^

tween the
States oi Hol-

keep what they had gotten by the War ; Trading was free for all .
againft all the '-^-^ S^'
Caftlesand Fortreffes in Jmenca, under theKingofS^.ms Dominion, HoUility
was -^'^.''''"
to be aded alike by both , the Countrey which ky between the utmoft
Borders of
the fortuguefe and Netherlanders, were to be divided, that each might
know their jufl
Limits J all manner of Trade to the S^anf Jmenca was forbidden to both
each
Owner was to remain in poffeffion of the Goods which he had on the Day
'when
this ten years Peace was proclaim'd
Grnye Maurice fe.mg^ he could not get the States Conftnt to return home
fent t''^^^'his Secretary Tolner to Holland, to inform the Weft-India Company of the

Condition ^"^^ "-'

of !Br.^/., and to requeil fuch things as were wanting there : Tohier
accordiooly ar. F"?t
riving m Holland, acquainted them with the Extent of their Dominions in
irajlle,^^ ""'
^gg ^- which

iri iti Br0^

The Fort CaL

"varia taken

others

576. , A M E %^I C A ' Chap. VII.

"which reachM from Muragnan to the River ^al j with the neceiTity of
keeping the
Soldiery undisbanded^ in regard the fortuguefe were ready to take all
advantages
nocwithftanding the Articles of Agreement j with the difcontent of their
own
Men, and their readinefs to mutiny upon the report that they were to be
Difbanded ; with the great Inconveniences of altering the Government of the
H^f/?JwJw Company ; with the number of Soldiers wherewith every Place
belonging
to the Company was at that prefent furnifii'd, which amounted in all ro
near fivethoufand Men j and with the impoflibility of keeping thofe Places,
unlefs a fpeedy
Supply of Men and Provifions were fent.
Graye Maurice receiv'd a Letter from Mafcarenhas, wherein he made great
complaint of the Tietherlanders Adions on Loando, St. Thomas, and Maragnan^
during the
time of the Treaty, and us'd many Arguments for the delivering back of
the Places then taken j but Maurice took little notice of the faid Letter,
being bufie about
feeling all Affairs in this quiet Jundure of time : He freed all new
Planters from
the paying of Tenths for {:tyta years, fold feveral Fields to be
Cultivated, repair'd

all decayed Forts, kept the Catholkks in ftria awe, ordainM good Orders
for Schools,
Alms.houfes, and payment of Money, and gave particularly Liberty to the
Tortuguefe both in Spiritual and Temporal Affairs.
In the mean time fad news was brought, Vt:^. That the Maragnans,
aflifted by
XnlltT ^^^ ^ortuguefes and Srafilians, had taken the Fort oi Cab aria
near the River Tapicuru,
deftroy'd all thofe that were in Garrifon^ and Storm'd the City Lodowick
: Whereupon Hinder/on was difpatch'd thither immediately with three hundred
lS{etherlan'
ders, and two hundred Brafiltans from Siara ; which the Enemy hearing,
though
there were feven hundred fortuguefes, and three thoufand 'Braftliam,
left the Ifland
Maragna?tj and went over to the Main Continent.
The occafion of this Plot was imputed to the fault of the fottifh
Governor of
St. Lodowick, and his Secretary William Negenton, who by their Folly and
Mifgovernment provok'd the Natives to Rebellion.
In the interim Grave Maurice h^d a Dellgn upon the City Buenos Aires in
the SouIrirTdl: ^^^^^ P^^^s of Sr^yj/^,near the River La Tlata, where a Way
leads by Land to Teru ;
^ThtSkfng ^"^ whither the Silver and Negro's were often brought,
efpecially when any Ships
were fufpe(5led to block up the Channel o( Tanama.
Whilefl A^4nV^ was preparing for this Expedition;, news was brought
that two
Ships had Landed their Men on the Ifland St. Thoma^^ under the Command
oi Laurence fire:^, who had driven the 2^letherla?id Garrifon out of TaVaofa,
and Befieg'd
the Fortjouc of which many for want of Water ran to the Enemy 5 and it
was fear'd
that the fame Misfortune would fuddenly befall the City Loa?ido and
Seregibpe del
(i(eji ; which prevented Henrick'Bo'Wer's Expedition to Chilij and
Lichthart's to Buenos
Aires ^ and fo alarm'd Grave Maurice, that he thought it expedient to
give fpeedy notice thereof, to warn the l>lether landers on Angola, that they fliould
keep ftria:
Watches, and beware of the treacherous fortuguefej who affirmed, That it
was
lawful for them during the ten years Peace, to re^take thofe Places
which had been

taken from them during the Treaty of Peace in the Hague.

Thcfe Proceedings forcM GraVe Maurice to Difarmmoflofthem ^and becaufe
the
JSiegro's did much mifchief from the Palmares, efpecially to the
Husbandmen in the
Alagoas, Maurice gave order to deftroy their Habitations. The fahnares
were two
Villages, built along the River Gungohuhy under clofe Woods, fix Leagues
Northwardly from'P^MjZ'^ : The Inhabitants of them, bein(^ then about fix
thoufand in

Grave Miturice his De

of Pavaojit.

Defirription
of the Pj/-

mares.

number, were mod of them fled Negro's, who gathering together in a Head,
deflroy'd all the Countrey thereabouts : They dwelt in Huts of Boughs and
Straw

interwoven,

Mancountei-

The Agents
from Congo,
what kind of
Men.

Ghap. VIL ^ M E%^I C J. 577

interwoven ; behind which were Gardens and Orchards of Palm-Trces, and
con^
form'd to the Religion and Government of the <Portuguefe.
Whileft three hundred Mufquctteers, a hundred Mamduks, and feven hundred
Gr<,ve
^rafiUans were fitting to go to the Palmares, there arrived J^ents at
%ecip from the ^;^^i
Kingof Co^jgo, whobroughtasa Prefentto Gr aye Maurice, two hundred
^^egro'j, ^'^jj^^sj
Golden Collar and Pot, befides many Negro's for the Weft-India Company.
Thefe Du^e of
Agents defir'd Aid againft the Duke of 5o/?o, who treacheroufly Plotted
to drive
the King out of Co?zgo J which Plot was difcover'd by fcattcr'd Letters,
SigriM by
the Governors and Bifhop at Loando, a little before Loando was taken by
the Hollanders. Maurice courteoufly Entertaining the Agents, proffered himfelf to
be a Mediator to decide the Difference, and gave them a long Velvet Coat Lac'd
with Gold
and Silver Lace, a Silk Coat and Scarf, and a Beaver Hat with a Golden
Edging.
Not long after there came Agents from So?iho, to befecrh Grave JMaurice
that he
would not affift the King of Qongo 5 one of whom went to the Hague, and
was folio w'd by two from the King of Congo^ who open'd their Letters before
the Prince
of Orange.
The two Agents from Congo were ftrong and black Men, very adive, and
having
grim Countenances ; they Danc'd after a ftrange manner 5 and (bowing the
Pidure
of their King fitting in great State, aded the Poftures in which his
Nobles- an-d
other Subjeds ftiew'd him Reverence : their Strength was fuch, that they
were
able with eafe to carry each of them two hundred thirty five Pound
weight : their
Ornamentals confifted of Ht?p^4r5 Tails,
In hoando the Governor for the Vutch^ nam'd Cornells Kiewland, and the
fortuguefe
Governor 'Pef^r C^far deMenefes, came to this Agreement, That fince the
ten years
Peace was cbncluded on between the fortuguefe and Netherlanders, Menefes
fliould
polTefs the Countr ey wafli'd by the River ^engo^ and call in the
ancient Natives to
live and Trade as formerly ; all which was faithfully performed :

nay,Mw/w furnifli'd Kif^land with as much Meal as he required, towards the

maintaining of a
thoufand N^^ro'5, whom he had bought 5 and the Ho//W^r^ and fortuguefe s
began
now to be every day more arid more friendly and familiar with each
other, when
on a fudden ISIje^land not onely remembring what was done lately on the
Iflands Menefes forMaragnan and St.T/;ow/<;t^,but alfo ftirr'd up by other later Adions,
which gave him /Jaf_
occafion of jealoufie, fent two hundred Mufquettcers in the Night from
Loando ^^comJ\T'^
to take the Governor Menefes , with fome others, who he fear'd might
make an In- grSm^nt, "
fiirrcdion. The Soldiers accordingly about Day-break fell unawares upon
the
fleeping fortuguefes, kill'd forty of them, and carry'd Menefes and many
other Per^
Tons of Quality away Prifoners, together with a Booty valu'd at above
ten thoufand Ducats J and fent a hundred and fixty fortuguefes in an old leaky
VefTel to St. Salvador- but they being tofs'd to and again at Sea for a confiderable
time, eight of
them dy'd, the reft almoft ftarv'd, Landed on fernambuco ; where Simon
Ahares dela jhares de u
'Benho being amaz'd to fee his Countrey-men thus hardly dealt with,
complain'd compiamt
of Kieipland, Mols, and Cro/?, who were the chief of jLoWo, that they
had broke the MaJtToi
Laws, and the fworn Articles of Peace; urging that it would be very
unjuft that nien/"""^'
the poor 'Po;t^e/f5 fliould not have Satisfaction for the Wrong which
they had
fiiftain'd, as alfo for the lofs of their Goods. To which .Grave Maurice
anfwer'd,
^' That LoWo belonged to the Weft-India Company, and that for his part
he had no*
" thing to do with that City, but that if the States were accquainted
therewith,
" they would without doubt be highly concerned at it.
ChriftopherSantcheSy2L(T[ecNegrOj gave information of the fad Condition
of the
Ifland St. Thomas.^ vi^ That the greateft part of the HiUanders that
had been lek
G g g 3 upon

Grave Maurice takes his

leave. of the
feveral Go-

vernors in
Erajih.

578 'iJME'KlCA. Chap. VII.

upon that Ifland being cieacl, irez. hereupon with the King's Confent
fitted out
two Ships, and fettingSail from Lisbon about the beginning of July 1642.
firft refusM to pay the ufual Cuftom at the Ifland St. Thomct^^ afterwards fell
upon the
Hollanders^ whom he Befieg'd in the Caftle, and againft the Law of Arms
poyfon'd
all the Waters.
To prevent the future Inconveniences that were likely to arife from a
Famine
which about this time afflicted the whole Countrey o !Brafile, CraVe
Maurice judged
it convenient to fell the Lands in the Alagoas to new Planters j to
which purpofe
Henrkk Moucheron was chofcn Overfeer, to take care that all the Fields
about Torto
Caboj and along the River Francifco, as alfo in the JlagoaSj fhould be
Sow'n with
Bread=Corn.
Grave Maurice obtaining leave at laft to go home, took Leave by Letters
of the
Governors o^ Serinhai?ty forto Caho, Iguara;?;ua, Itamaraca^ Tarajha^
(^0 Grande ^ and in
Perfon of the Council at ^cijfa, who all thank'd him for his prudent
Government
manifefting their hearty forrow for his departure. Which without doubt
would produce
many hiconyeniences. But though the Council of the WeJlJndia Company had
ordered
him to return home about, the beginning of March 1643. Y^^^^ vjcnz not
fo
foon, becaufe he was to reduce the number of Militia to eighteen
Companies, and
alfo to the fettle Revenues, and difpofe of Offices, in which be found
much trouble ; wherefore before his departure he wrote to the States of the U?
iited ]S[etherlands
affuring them how impolTible it was to defend ^Brafile, which extended
fome hundreds of Leagues, with fo fmall a number of Men, fince the fortugueje
covered inward malice under afeigned fliew of kindnefs, and at the fame time
watch'd all
opportunities to drive the Netherlander s from their Plantations,being
very much exafperated by the priviledge of Religion granted to the Jeii^j^whileft
their Monks and

Jefuits were banifli'd. Moreover, in regard they ow'd the IVefiJndia

Company
above fifty nine Tuns of Gold, they fought to cancel that Obligation, by
making
themfelves Mafters of whatfoever their Creditors had in ^rafile^ fo that
there was
no way but to keep them under by force of Arms.
After Graye Maurice had fent this Letter to Holland, he left the
Government of
home"'""- ^rafile to the chief Council, the Militia to Henrick Hoes,
Captain of his Life-guard,
with Directions for Governing after his departure. Having fetled all
things in
good order, he went from Maurice-fladt through ^aratibi and Iguara;^u to
^arayhawhere Janduy fent him three of his Sons, with twenty Tapuyans, defirina
him not to
go away 5 two of them with feveral Qarapates and Waypebarans, (a People
who made
themfelves Mafters of the great Palmares) and five other 'Brajilians
went aboard with
him on the twentieth o^May 1 644.
The Fleet, confifting of thirteen Ships, and Mann'd with fourteen
hundred
Men of all forts, was laden with fo many Merchandizes as were valu'd at
twenty
fix Tuns of Gold 5 with which Graye Maurice arriving at the Texel,
Landed at the
Helder, and gave an Account of his Government in ^raftle^ and of the
then prefent
ftateof that part of it which belonged to the Wejl-hdia Company.
After Grave Maurice's departure, Hamel, 'Baft, and 'Bullefiraet, bore
the chief Com=
mand in Braftle : The Charges made by the War were mitigated, and the
number
of the Soldiers in Garrifon reduc'd to fixteen hundred j fome Forts lay
without a
Man in them, whileft the King of Portugal watch'd for fuch an
opportunity ; for
he feem'd to be as much concerned for that Countrey, as for his Kingdom
of Portugal, and the rather, becaufe his Predeceflbr Sebaftian rcceiv'd above
forty hundred
thoufand Ducats yearly out of the fame, bcfides the Prefents and other
Gains made
by the Tortugupfe - wherefore he gave order to the Governor of St.
Salvador to be
very

He leaves the
Government

111 management of Affairs after

Maurice his
departure.

Chap. VIL <a M E%^I C A. , ^^^

yery vigilant, and affur'd him, that in a Hiorc time he would fend him
both Men
and Provifions. A Mulatto call'd John Fernandes Fiera, did not a litde
affid the Tortu- viem^rr:^.
guefe in their Defign j for he having liv'd a condderable time in a
Gouncellors Houie '^"^''
in %eciffa, had narrowly obferv'd all Paflages, and infinuated himfclf
into feveral
Statefmens Affairs, by Prefenting them now and then with fome Rarities
infomuch that he came in time to Farm the Rents which the Wejl-India Company
received from the Sugar-Mills j but at length being difcontented becaufe
the Council would not make any abatement upon the fame, when he complained that
he loft
by Farming the fore- mentioned Tax, he held private Correfpondence with
Andreas
Vtdal, that when a convenient opportunity prefented it felf for the
fortuguefe to fall
on the Hollandersy he might be affifting j to which end he had gotten
feveral Arms
and Ammunition together. .
In this plot 2ijetp nam'd Mofes Jccoigms, living in Viera's Houfe, a
League from
^ciffa, to keep himfrom Arrefts, was perfwaded to joyn, which he
feemingly pro^
mis'd to do j but went away by Day^break, and difcover'd the Defign to
the PrivyCouncil, who being rock'd afleep by the ^ortu^uefes fair Pretences, gave
no credit
to the Relation.
For the better carrying on of this Defign, CaValcanteka, Provoft-Marfhal
in a pu aMaurke-ftadt made a great Wedding for his Daughter in Fteras Houfe, to
which the S^LSL
chiefeft Perfons of Quality, both of the ^ortuguefe, and alfo all the
PrivyCoun- Tnbyawi?
ccllors and Military Officers belonging to the Weji-lndU Company were
invited : ^'"^
and the Plot was fo contrived, that whileft they were all at Dinner, the
fortuguefe

were fuddenly to fall u^on the ]S[etherlanders znd kill them, both
Servants and Matters ; this done, fome were to go to ^ciffa or Mauricerfiadt, with news
that the
Wedding People were coming j whereupon part were to prefs into the City,
others
to keep the Gates, till all their Forces were come thither, which then
might eafily
iccurc and feize upon the Magazine : fome Barques alfo under pretence of
loading
Sugar, were in the mean time to fet upon the Haven and Fort near the
Shore. All
things were accordingly prepared for the Wedding, nothing being wanting
that
could be purchased with Money j and near the Forts of (^o Grande and
farayha were
Stage-plays to be Aded in publick, it being concluded that the Soldiers
in Garrifon would certainly be there to fee them ; the Adors being privately
Arm'd with
Piftols and Ponyards. And to oblige one another the more for the
carrying on of
this bloody Defign, F'iera had caus'd the chief Confpirators to take an
Oath before
the high Altar. The twenty fourth of j^wwe 1645. was the Day on which
this Tragedy was to be aded ; but a few days before two fortuguefes and five
JeTi;s, who had
been fworn Confederates, their Confcicnces checking them for fo
villanous an "^"'^^^''y
Undertaking, made an ingenuous Difcovery of the Plot. The Councellor
Moucheron crfpla'tors
was alfo informed, that the fortuguefe Colonel Qajnaron and Di^;<, were
coming with
great Forces from St. Sahador,
The Council when they might eafily have apprehended Fiera^ fent for him
by a
Je^ caird Abraham Cotng^ under pretence of Treating about fome Bufinefs
concerning the W^^y^-Mi^ Company 5 he promis'd to come in the Evening, but
fiifpeding r/.r^Aiesinhe was betray'd, fled into the Woods, and gave fpeedy notice to all his
Accom- '''^''^''^'
plices, who followed him in great numbers. The Soldiers fent to fearch
Fiera^
Houfe,found none but old Men and Children.
The Councellor Van Houtsn went immediately with feven Sugar-VelTels to
Tarayha, fortifi'd the Forts Margareta, (^efiringa, and Antonio^ and made
room for the
!Braftlians th^t had remov'd thither from their Villages, in the Houfes
deferred by
the Tortuguefe in Frederick- ft adt. On the other fide, Amador da ^^uge^
one of the Con-

^irators.

1 If

r|i

i',h

t^ ^,S'

580 <ij: M E "KI C A. Chap. VIL

fpiratorsj went with a Company from Vomica through the Countrey, kill'd
feven
'Diitch Seamen, with three Jews, and eredcd Gibbets, on which he
threatned to hang
all thcfe who did not take up Arms for the King of Portugal, Colonel
Hous informed hereof march'd with five hundred Men to ^oluca to meet the
^ortuiruefe
who were fcatterM up and down the neighboring Woods. He alfo publifli'd
an
Edid, in which every one was Licens'd to return to their Habitations,
with promifeof pardon for their Rebellion, if they would take the Oath of
Allegiance anew
onely Vma, CaValcantelca^ and Da ^uge, were excluded, and nine thoufand
Guilders
promis'd to thofe that brought them dead or alive, which made two
hundred Inha.
bitants in ^c'ljfa march into the Countrey under the Command of Captain
^Ur
to find the fore-mention'd Traitors J and at laftjoyning with Hoj, they
purfu'd
the fled ^Tortugueje,
Hoogenfiran In the mean time the Council fent the Captains Vander Voort
and Hoo(ren/lraet to
fentto Treat j oi r^ C c <> 1 i 1 1 1 i> 7 ^'j "
with Antonio Antojiio oUVaj Oovcrnor or bt. oalvador, to acquaint him
with the treacherous Infur*

vateiy'tempi- retStioH of thc fortuguefc, and o ^ Camaro?i Sind D/e;<

coming from St. Salvador to their
deliver up thrafliftance, urging, that thefe treacherous Proceedinas and
breach of Oath could
gujiim:. not but redound to the dilhonor ot the Crown of Portugal
Whereto Silva anfwer'd, ^^That Camaron znd Die;^ were not under any Obligation of Oath
but
*^' that he would check the Infurre(5l:ion in fernamhuco, and take care
that thc Au' thors thereof fhould make Satisfaction to the V/efi-hidia Company.
Notwith
landing which fair Pretences, he fo wrought with Hoogenfiraetj that
after a private
Conference between them it was agreed, that for a certain fum of Money
he fliould
furrender him thc Promontory of St, Juguftlne^ of which he was Governor
but at
his Return to ^eciffa being made chief Commander of the Caftle there,
and being
jealous what might follow his private Treating with Sihay he declared to
the
Council, that Siba had defir'dhim to furrender the Fort St. Auguflhiey
which he had
granted, for no other end, but to catch the falfe fortuguefe in their
own Nets and
to trapan all fuch as fliould be fent to take pofieflion of it j and
that if the Council
had any fufpicion of him, they might make ufc of his Service in fome
other place.
About this time a hundred and fifty Tapuya?is, led by a German Soldier
call Jacob
%ahbij Sallying out of their Woods, fell upon the great Village
Qonyahou^ under thc
Jurifdidion of %io Grande j broke into the Church, murder'd all the
Tortuguefe and
eating their raw Flefli, demolifii'd the Place.
Hous alfo unfortunately Storm'd the Mountain Santantan, where the Enemy
lay
Intrench'd, being forc'd to Retreat with the lofs of above a hundred
Men, amongft
whom was Captain Lo.
Grave Mau- Thc Privy Council caus'd a part o^ Maurice- ftadt to bepull'd
down, as alfo the
Wf * his ftately niTii r' 7 1 r iiit rr i
Paiacedemo- Itatcly PaUcc trejburgh, for which the Je^s proffer'd GraVe
Maurice 6oqo /. together
with the ftately Garden, which were thought to exceed the famous Gardens
in
Theffalia j but on the other fide they kept Men at work Night and Day ia
repairincr
the decay'd Caftle at ^ecijfa,
peTwS^a About the fame time the Admiral Salvador Qorreo de ^onavides,

brought thirty
fS^Ke- ^^^^ %^^^^ Sail of Ships to an Anchor before Qlecifa, the Gallion
which he ComfnisSlt n^anded carrying fixty Brafs Guns. The Admiral Lichthart ran to
meet him with
fl^'P- five Veflels, and fent him word, that if he fell down to Leeward,
fince he was got
to the Windward, he fliould foon find, that five Ships durft Engage with
a Fleet fix
times as ftrong. Whereupon (BonaVides fent two Meflengers to Lichthart
to tell him,
that he came as a Friend to damp the fortuguefe Infurredion in
fernamhuro ; to
which purpofe he had already Landed fome Companies at Tamandera.
Lichthart fend,
ing the two Melfengers to the Council at ^ectjfa^ they fent two of their
own Members

m^i

Wli

551

at a
tea
the
on^ay
Por-

the ^^'"*^^''"* t3'

ken by Vwlal
lere andotkeri.
Drty
line

lear
beic

heir

'\ I

Chap. VII.

AMERICA.

551

The Karnes of the Ships both of the Dutch' and Portuguefe Fleet.

J, The Tortuguefe Amhal,

!B, Their Vice-Admiral.

C Thcrcft of their Ships.
D, Three of their Barques.
E, Three Carvels, which lay to
watch in the Bay.
F, The Enemy's Battery.
G, The Utrecht, being the Dutch
Admiral.

H. The Ter Veer.

L The Zealand Vice-Admiral.
iC. The Over-rfel.
L, SaltfjLand Pink.
M. The Folde?i Deer Faigat.
^0, The Ley den Pinky a,nd Unicorn
Frigat.
P ^ A Dogger and three JSletherland
Barques.

bers to iBo^Ml'i^ei, deliring to know of him what call'd him thither

with lo great a
Fleet, and without giving the leaft notice, contrary to the concluded
Peace of tea
years ?
Whileft the two Commiflioners went with the fore.mention'd Orders to the
fortuguefe Fleet, a Netherland Veflel endeavor'd, notwithftanding the
Wind was contrary, to get out to Lichthart's affiftance; which ^anay ides obferving,
Rood away
Northerly before the Wind : but Lichthart overtook a Ketch belonging to
the fortuguefe Fleet. ,
Mean while the Portuguefe upon Land being two thoufand ftrong, under the
^^"'^^'"** "Command oiVidal,Die:^^Camaron, zndjcoignes^ Storm'd theVoxt Sermhain,
where
the French Captain Montagne could make but little rcfiftance, not having
above forty
Men, and being unprovided of Ammunition and Provilion j yet he refifted
nine

days, and at lad got two Barques to convey him to (^cijfa.

Soon after this the Tortuguefe Fleet falling out amongfl themfelves,
^onaVtdss
Steer'd back for Lishon with a few Ships, the reft coming to an Anchor
again near
^ciffa ; where the Seamen whom Lichthart had taken inform'd him, that
their
Fleet came thefiril time to^eciffa for no other end, but to fiii up the
fortugmfe by
their

ken by Vidul
and otkeri.

58z <tA M E%1 C A. Chap. VII.

their Piefence to take up Arms, according to a private Contrad, having
to that
purpofc Landed twelve hundred Men at Tamandera^ befides the Army led by
Camarow and 2)if;<,from St. Salvador to Ternamhuco,
. Colonel Hous about this time being fent for back to \ecifaj and
ftaying with
five hundred Men for Captain 'Blaek's coming, who was fent to fetch all
the Tortu=>
guefe Women within three Leagues about ^c'tffa^ was fet upon in the
Night by
Vtdal with two thoufand ^ortugnefes j the (Brafilia?is, who were above
half his Forces,
flyincr into the Woods, leaving onely two hundred I^etherlanders to
fight with Vidal,
by whom being fo much over-pow^er'd, they were forc'd to fubmit to his
mercy,
and fuffer themfelvestobe all carry'd Prifoners to St. Sahador,
By this time at <!^ctjfa zW things were in a confufion, the Pits digg'd
about
Maurke-Jiadc afforded nothing but brackifli Water, which occafion'd
Sicknefs.
ihe Fort St. V'ldal eucoutag'd by his Victory, march'd to St. Jugufthie,
where without doubc
mfctroliiiy he had ilopt, if Hoog^/r^t?f,who had the chief Command of
the Fort, had not been
2L^TS^ Difloyalj for this Traitor thought it not enough to furrender
this invincible Fort to
lllje'^"'"*' the Enemy, but alfo fiereav'd ^ccifa. of Provilions and

Ammunition, which he did

very fubtilly, fending earneftly thither for Souldiers, Bullets, Powder
and Shot,
in lieu whereof he fent thither two Barques full of old Men, Women and
Children, that fo he might deprive ^c'ljfa of ilout Men, and fupply their
room w^ith unable People. For this treacherous and villanous A6t the ^ortuguefe were
to give him
1800 /.and make him a Colonel : Moreover, all the Soldiers in Garrifon,
confifting of three hundred Men, receiv'd 5 /. a Man, and were fent to joyn
with a
Regiment of fix hundred and fifty Men, over which Hoogenjlraet was made
chief
Commander.
lichthart The day before this eminent Cadle was to be delivered up to
the Enemy, AdvidoJy'Srer miral Lichthart obtained a brave Victory at Sea ; for the
fortuguefe Fleet (confifting
luefenlct. of feventeen Sail, the reft being gone with iBow^Vi^^j to
Portugal) anchoring before
Tamandera, were valiantly fet upon by Lichthart, who Engag'd with them
on the
ninth o( September 1645. with the Utrecht, being the Admiral Ship, the
Zealand, Ter
Vetr^ Oyer-Yfel, the Pinks Salt-Land and Leyden, a Dogger and three
Barques. In the
Hole of the Haven Tamandera three Tortuguefe Carvels kept Watch, and
near a Battery full of Guns lay three Barques, and the other Ships a little
farther nigh the
Shore. The Enemy at firft fhot very fiercely from the Battery, whilefi:
the Ships
drove to the Shore, and the Men leaping overboard fwam afhore, onely the
Admh 2L\Jeronjmo Serao de TayVa made fome refinance, but at laft
furrendrcd up his
Ship, the ISletherlanders in their Barques killing above feven hundred
Tortuguefes in
the Water. Lichthart burnt the whole Fleet, except the Admiral and ViceAdmiral,
which he carry'd to %eciffa,
f But this Vidory was not comparable to the Lofs which the EaJiJndia
Company
fufi:ain'd by the felling of the Promontory of St. Auguftine, and the
taking of the
Forts (Porto Caho and ^10 Francifco j to the laft whereof the Barques
coming too late
to carry the Soldiers off, they were all made Prifoners by the
Tortuguefe, as alfo the
Planters, in all to the number of five hundred.
Ftdal marching to Tamarica, Storm'd Schuppc}i--ftadt, but found fuch
refiftance from
George Garjlman (who fupply'd the Prifoner Hous his Place) that he loft-

three hun=.
fo1)eST ^^^^ y^^n : After which he endcavor'd by me2ii\i oi Femandes
^ouillou,:^ , topurchafe
IlTr orpl- the Fort Margareta^ov 1500 1. Sterl. of the Governor of
Tarayba, who immediately
*'^/^'. without any farther Examination, caus'd 'Bouilloux ih^it
proffered the Money to be
put to death.
A Dutch Sergeant in Olinda dealt very treacheroufly for he fold the
Fort w a
Tortn

Chap. VII. \A M E%^1 C J. 583

fortu^uefe Enfign for 100 /. and alfo moft bafely betrayM all his
Soldiers Lives to
the merciiefs Enemy.
By thefe means ^cif/a was round about in jeopardy, as alfo within ; for
the great The didrer.
ThirR- of the Inhabitants under a fcorching Climate, augmented by the
Hollanders ono^iiji.
fait Meat, could notbequench'd with brackifli Water, for frefh was not
to be had
Famine alio increased daily, infomuch that the Poor threatned to fall
upon the
Rich, which made the Magiftrates go Arm'd from Houfe to Houfe, to
enquire
what Store every one had, which being writ down was carry'd away and put
into
the Store-houfes^where each received alike fliare, without refpcd of
Perfons. Fewel
alfo grew very fcarcc, which made many cat their Meat raWj or half
drcfs'd. In
the interim every one that was able, was forc'd to work at the Forts of
%eciffa,
which were beaten down by the Rains j and the Soldiers continually
alarmM by
the Enemy, were forc'd to be Night and Day up in Arms. The People dy'd
more
and more daily, when two Fly-Boats arriv'd there with Provifions, and
News,
that a Fleet was coming to their a/Iiftancc.
The Captains <^:ynhag and SMo?ita^ne went in the Night, each with a

Company,
to fall upon the Enemy, who being two thoufand five hundred ftrong,
drove them
back, and purfu'd them wiihin fliot of the Jfogados, where forty
^ortuguefes were
About the fame time a T^rr^ New/" Sailor, laden with the dry'd Fifli
^ocraillo,
came to ^ciffa.
In Tarayha three hundred l>letherlanders Sallying out of the Forts,
fellfo valiantly
upon nine hundred ^ortuguefes, that they forc'd them to flye, not
without a confiderable lofs. After which a Party of 'BrafiUans furpris'd eighty
^ortuguefesj as they
were at Maf in Andreas Vie;^ de la Ftgmredas Sugar-Mills, where they
fpar'd none
but Figueredas Daughter, whofe Beauty fo charm'd them, that they
comforted her
mourning for her Father's Death, and deliver'd her undefil'd to the
Governor
of Tarayha,
Vidal raging for madnefs becaufe now and then fome of his Prifoners
efcari'd ^he barbae
jriri t 1111 r' f i' rous Cruelty
caus d leveral or them to be cruelly murder d, tying fome of them Back
to Back,and ^^ ^'^''^
then cutting them in pieces j others he threw with Stones ty'd about
their Necks
into the Rivers ; others he ty'd by their Privities, and hung them upon
Trees j and
alfo knocked out the Brains of others.
In ^ciffa the Soldiers, confiftiuCT of divers Nations, began likewife to
mutiny "^^^ ^oUms
crymg, ikeyjhould be all ftarVd-^ and laying, Jhey had better be flam in
the Field fighting "'"""y *'" '
againft the Enemy^ than die of Hunger in the City, They alfo complained,
7he Commif- ^^'''^" 1
fioners themfehes betray Brafile j and threatned by force to fetch the
Pr -yilions out
of the publick Stores, faying, They had long enough endurd Thirfl and
Hunger.
Thefe Tranfadions in r^yi/e were very ill refented in Holland, the
common
People in the Hague being ready to pull down thcTortuguefe Ambaffador's
Houfe,
in revenge of the Cruelties exercis'd upon the Netherlanders in Brafile,
had they not
been hindred by the Prudence of Prince HenricL The Ambafladorpretendincr
to
be ignorant of the fore-mention'd Paflages, proffered to make what

Satisfaction the
Weft-India Company fhould require. But the States not fatisfi'd with
Excufes
when the Adions plainly manifeiled what their Intentions were,Complain'd
to the
French King of the unthankful and malicious Dealings of the ^ortu<ruefe
Crown
and meeting but with fmall Redrefs, they prepared to right themfelvcs by
force of f^n^^ JjJ^^'
Arms, and to that end raised feveral Regiments of Land-Soldiers, befides
Seamen, m.""
to fend to Brafile, The Fleet delign'd thither, coflfifting of twenty
two Sail, after
it had been frozen up before Flufinng three Monethsj fee Sail at lall in
the beginning

584. J M E t^I C //. Chap. Vil.

o^Fehruaryj Anno 1646. with the Lord Schoncnhurghj a Merriber of the
States the
rl';t^iKtut Councelior Gcc/;, andTreafurer Seaumond^ Men very well
experienc'd in Governing
iox Bn^ie. ofCountieys: To thefe v^ere added the eminent Merchants of
Jmjierdam, Hacks
and TroVire^ to keep the Weft-India Companies Accounts, and Le Heremiet
for their
Secretary. Sigifmond Schuppe bore the chief Command over the Militia and
the
Admiral 'BankeH over the Fleet, which fufter'd the greatefl hardfhip
imapinable
for being driven by terapeftuous Winds into thcDo^vns^ two of .them
drivina from
their Anchors were cafl away oh the Flats. The Fleet getting out again,
was once
iriore forced by a Storm to put in at the Ifle of Wight -^ from whence
by reafon of continual Gufts they could not flir in nine Weeks time. During this tedious
waiting
for a fair Wind, the ^rafde Frigat, valu'd at 20000 /. was fplit in
pieces againft a
Rock of the lOand, and of three hundred Men thirty onely were fav'd. A
Pink
which came in two Moneths from ^ciffa^ brought alfo fad tydings to the
Fleet
yi;^. Xbat the Town was in fuch a Condition, that without doubt the
Fleet would
come too late to their affidance : whereupon they making the more
hafle .endea=
vor'd, not without great trouble, to weigh Anchor again, whilcfl: the

Wind rofe
higher and higher,and the Waves going very hollow, drove the Ships down
towards
Portland Coaft, full of Rocks, to which they w^ere fo near, that they
faw a Scotch'
man fplit in pieces againil them j and had not the Wind come about, and
abated of
its fury, the Fleet had undoubtedly perifti'd. No fooner was this Danger
paft but
another fuccceded ; for the Soldiers in the Admirals Ship complaining of
the fmall
allowance they had of Cheefe, Brandy,and Tobacco, had made themfelvcs
Maftcrs
of the Store-room, and threatned to kill the luoxds Goch zvid'Beajwiond
but they,
affifted with Men from the other Ships, who came in at the Cabbin
Windows fo
order'd the Mutineers, that they ask'd forgivenefs, which for many
Reafons was
granted, onely they were diftributed by feven in a Ship throuahout the
whole
Fleet. After a great Conteft between Goc/; an<l 'Beatmiond about
carrying the Flag
which could not be decided, Goch was left by the rcfl of the Fleet, who
Stecr'd an.
other Courfe, and getting near the Une^ lay becalm'd lix days in which
time he
loft very many of his Men byaflrange kind o^ Scorhute which rag'd
amongft them
at laft Sailing along the Promontory of St. Augufline, he came to an
Anchor before
^eciffa, which he found in the greateft Exigency imaginable, infomuch
that it was
refolv'd upon, the next day to furrenderthe Place up to the fortuguefe,
on promife
of Quarter onely : which Refolucion none opposed more than the Jem for
the
^ortuguefe Swore that they would burn them alive, if ever they became
Mafters of
^ciffa, which made them refolve to die with the Sword in their Hands,
and fell
their Lives at a dear rate. Six Weeks after Gochs Arrival, the remaining
part of the
Fleet, efcaping many dreadful Storms, in which, befides the two that
were loft in
the X>oTi75, they loft five Ships and five hundred Men, arriv'd alio at
^eciffa -^ where
the Commiilioners appointed Officers todiftributcto every one their
certain allow*
ance of Viduals. The prime Councelior Schoncnhurgh alio decided the
Difference
between 'Beaumo?id and Goch, as alfo between Haeks and TrovirCj about
their Places
in the Affembly, >/>;. that they fliould fit above one another by Turns.
The old
Governors, Flajnel, ^ap, and 'Biilkflraet^ were blam'd by every one for
the decay of

(Brafile ; and being fent to Holland, were received with frowning Looks,
and rail'd
againft in Pamphlets as faithlefs Perfons, who fought nothing but their
own advantage, and wci-e threatned to be call'd to an Account. It was alfo
laid to their
charge, that they had not given a true Account of the State and
Condition of Braple j
. that the State was much more deaay'd than they had made known, by
which means
the prefent Power prov'd too weak to do any thing to the Enemy.
Amoiioft

Chap. ViL ^ ME'*R I C A. ^ m

Amongft other Misfortunes which befell chc U'cftJndui Conipany, che
Rcvok of g-M^^
the Tapuyans and other ^rafehns was not the lead, which hapned upon the
occafion ^f|;-'^^;:
of Garftmms putting to Death o^ Jacob %ah hi, a German, and indeed their
chief ^Z^^^^-Ringleader in all Robberies and VilUnies ^ but Dar) their then King
alledging
th2it<B^hhi was wrongfully Executed by G^r/m.^//, and that his Tryal
belong^ to
him as Kina, profecuted Garftman To vigorouily, chat he and his Enfign
Jacob Boulin^
his Acceffory in the Fad, had their Goods and Salary confifcated, and
they themfelves were Tent home in difgracc. , , ,
Meanwhile the Council feeing that there was not much good to be done by
^^^;/;;;;,
force of Arms, endeavor'dby mild ways to invite ihtxt^oXtt^fortu^uefes,
who 27e"rht
were all promis'd Pardon for their Infurreaion in an Edid which was
publiChM ^^'^-'""'^"'^
in all places, onely Viera, Jhiado, t>e ^puche, Antonio Cahantelca, Sind
Hoogenftraet^ for
whom' great fums of Money were offered, were exccptedo The ^ortuguefe
ox\ the
contrary publifli'd, That they would receive all thofe TSletherUnders
into favor that
would.come over to them, and pay the Debts which they owM to the WefiIndla.
Company, and alfo Tranfport them whither they pleas'd. Thefe i?romifes,
written in Englijh, Dutch, French, and fortuguefe, and hung every where on
the Boughs
of Trees, and other publick Places, operated much more than the
PrivpCouncils

Edids; forinfteadofone fortuguefe that came to them, feveral ran to

the ?ortu>
guefe from ^ciffa, notwithftanding a ftrid Guard was kept to prevent
them, befides
the great mortality amongft the Soldiers and Inhabitants through feveral
raging
Diftempcrs, and want of frefti Provifions : Which general Calamity, it
fecms,
very much cow'd the Spirits of thofe that were left -, for in a Sally
meeting with five
hundred fortuguefes^ notwithftanding they were equal in number, yet they
made a
ihameful Retreat ; yea, though Schuppe came with eight hundred Men to
their aHiftance, yet he could not prevail with them to face about either by fair
means or
foul, for with his own hand he Ran-through an Enfign, Sergeant, and two
Soldiers,
'who ran away firft. Yet notwithftanding this bafe and cowardly
P.etreat, it was
refolv'd on to fet upon Olinda and the Promontory St. Jugufilm 5 and at
the fame
time Hinder/on was fent to make himfelf Mafter of ^0 Franc'tfco with
fifteen hun*
dred Men, and to harrafe all the Countrey thereabouts with Fire and
Sword, that
fo he might force the fortuguefe to leave ^ciffa.
Thoueh John Darv, Kins of the Tapuyans. fecm'd well enough contented
with the Revolt of the
puniflimentof Garjlmm, yet a great Party of his Subjcds were not iatish
d, but
went and joyn'd with the fortuguefe, becaufe Garfiman had not been
delivered to
them in S'tara, where they kill'd all the KetherUnders they could meet
with, and fenc
Prefents to their King Dary, if poflible, to oblige him to joyn with the
^ortuguefc :
But he reply M, That he had more reafon to punif) them for their ill
ufage of the Inhabitants in
Siara, than to haVe any thing to do tifith the Portuguele.
The Council informed hereof, fent the Interpreter (^alph 2aron, who had
a long
time Convers'd with the T^p>dW5, witha Prefcnt of Axes, Knives, Looking
glaffes.
Shirts, Combs, and the like Trifles, to King Vary, defiringhim to
continue his former kindnefs towards the Hollanders ; which Vary promisM, provided he
might receive AflTiftance from %eciffa againft thofe whom he had made his
Enemies for the
Netherlanders fake j which !B<iro promis'd fhould be done as foon as
the frefh Forces
which were daily expected from the Texel, Maes, and Zealand, came to
Brafde.

Hinderfon Landing at ^0 Gratide, took the Fort without firing a Gun, the
fortu^ II'gwI
, guefe at his firft coming flying into the Woods. He found here
abundance of Cactel j '^^^",[^^,
for no place in the World breeds more than this, feveral Husbandmen
having fifteen
thoufand Head of Beafts, of which many were taken to fupply the want of
ProviH h h fions.

^ M E%1 C A. Chap. Vli.

fions 3.t^eciffa, As Toon as he had taken the Fort, he caus'd it to be
pulTd down
to the Ground, becaufe it ftocd in an inconvenient place, and
immediately rais'd
another, which was much better to be defended, by reafon of the rifing
Ground j
but he could neither bring that Work, nor any other Defign to any
perfection, becaufe of the treachery of his Soldiers, who being moft of them ^manCathoUcKs ^
were fo inclined to the Tortuguefe Intereft, that they daily more and
more deferted
the Com.panies Service, and gave Intelligence to the Enemy of their
Tranfa(5lions.
Amoogft others, an J?itit>erper was apprehended for an Intelligencer,
and being
Hang'd on a Gibbet, fell three times one after another on his Feet,the
Halter break*
ing like a burnt Thred^ which gave him fo many times of refpit and
opportunity
of fupplicating for Life j but his Crime was too hainous to admit of
Pardon,
Mean while the fled Tortu^uefes being fupply'd with frefli Supplies from
all Places,
efpecially from St. Salvador ^ to the number of twelve hundred Men, they
kill'd the
Out- watches, confiftingof twenty Men : The next Sentinel being warn'd
by the
noife, alarm'd the new Fort, which was fcarce finifli'd, becaufe a
mighty Shower of
capt. Man- Rain had waOi'd away the Walls, Hinderfon being wounded in
the Leg, fent Cap*
povveiM by tain Montagm againft the Enemy, of whofe Power he was
fenfibkj yet going to
ai.d flam. ' thc placc whcre the Watch that was killed had kept their
Station, he met with two
hundred Tortuguefes, divided into three Companies, and drawn out for
Battel, who
running away were purfu'd by Montague ^ till coming up to their

Regiment, which
coniifted in all of a thoufand Men, divided into five Companies^ they
fell on all
fides upon Montague^ who fighting valiantly, was overpower'd and kill'd,
with three
hundred of his Men, and almofl: as many more taken Prifoners j amongft
whom was
the Minifier Jflnte^ four hundred onely efi:aping into the Fort, where
Hinderfon
fi:ay'd expe(5ting the event o^Montagnes Exploits.
This Defeat fpoil'd Schuppe's Defign, who by his marching to (^io
Francifco
thought to draw the Enemy from ^eciffa-^ but now being forc'd to think
of fomc
other way, he thought it convenient to invade St. Salvador by Sea^ as
the Enemy
had done %eciffa by Land. Wherefore Hmderfon received order to ftay with
fix hundred Men (being all that were left of fifteen hundred,) on ^o Grande,
whither a
Barque with Provifions being fent, was taken, and the Men in cool Blood
kill'd by
the Tcrtuguej'e,
At the lame time it was given out, that Schuppe was going with the
Admiral
^ankert to Hmderfon s affiftance j and to delude the Tortugueje the
more, ScJ?uppe
went with two thoufand five hundred Men to (^o Francifco, where he lay
Tome
days at an Anchor 5 upon which the Governor of St. Sd/Vrfi^or fending
feveral ComschuppcWi' panics thither. Schuppe Sail'd with all fpeed to St. Salvador
j2.ndha.ndinQ on thelfland
l(\^^itape lupenca, tour Leagues m circumference, he got a rich Booty,
and Ipar d none
whome're he met with, infomuch that two thoufand were deftroy'd, fome by
the
Sword upon the place, others by their hafi:e to get over to St. Salvador
; for moft of
the Veflels being too full, funk with them. Amongft the Prifoners that
were taken
and fent to ^eciffa, were two Monks, who were defign'd the fame
Entertainment
&'i the Minifter Jftette fhould receive in St. Salvador 5 whereupon they
immediately
wrote to their Fraternity, to take care that Jftette fhould not be burnt
alive, as the
^ortuguefe had threatned, becaufe they were to expert the fame ufage :
whereupon
Jftette was fet at liberty, and had leave to walk up and down the
Streets of St. Sal"Vador, 5^/;/^];/;^ fortified him felf on Tzpmc4, near an Inlet under
the new Works,
and together with Lkhthart watch'd for all fortuguefe Veffels : But
Ltchthart dying

here, was carry'd to ^'ciffa, and there bury'd. On the otder fide, the
Governor of
St. Salvador fent fifteen hundred Men in the Night to the other fide of
Tapenca,
where

J icfnh.irt's
Death,

Chap. VIL

587-

where with all fpecd they IntrenchM themfelvcs, and Sally'd daily out of
their
Works upon Schuppe^ fo that many Men were loft on both fides ; but
Schuppe was in
the worft Condition, in regard his Soldiers ran over in great numbers to
St. Saha- dor, where they were well Entertained ; of which he advertised the
Privy-Council,'
who were the lefs able to give him Redrefs, as having the fame caufe of
Complaint. . _ ^
Amongft others there hapned a fad Accident of a young Soldier, fcarce
fixteen Apidfui es years old, and born at <^od, who having robb'd his Father's Cafli,
went in a Shipyou^sluH
to Holland'^ where he lavifhly fpending the Money, was forc'd at laft to
Lift him- tion^''"^'
felf in the WeftJndia Companies Service, and coming with the foremention'd Fleet
to ^eciffa, endeavor'd with two Companies to run to the Tortu^uefe ; but
overtaken
was Try'd for the Fad, and Condemned to be Hang'd, for none of his
Excufes
which he made, of going over the River onely to fetch fome Oranges and
Lemmons to refrefii himfelf, would fave him, nor his protefting that he had
no intention of going to the Enemy, nor the Promife that his Father fhould
releafe him for
tenthoufand Crowns, nor his Minority, which ought chiefly to have been
confi*
dcr'd/but that Neceffity ftopt the Ears of the Compaflionate j fo that
his Execution

drew pity from the Beholders a few Weeks after.

A very aftonifliing Paflage hapned at ^dffa upon another Sentence of
Death AnotaW.
pronounc'd againft a fortu^uefe, who after the publication of the Ad of
Pardon p^'?4'
came to %eciffa, and there hir'd a Seaman for two hundred Crowns, to
carry a t/'"'''* ^''''
Letter, made up in a Leaden Box, to the Governor of the Promontory of
St. Jugufiim, with order that if he was fet upon any where, he (Iiould throw
the Box in
to the Water, The Letter written in ftrange Charaders, contain'd a
Declaration of
thefmallnumberof Men in %///;?, mo9i0^i iht Netherlander s Forces lying
on the
Ifland r^j)enc4,fo that if %i/jr^ were Storm'd along the Bank, and from
Maurice*
y?4Jf, it might eafily be taken* This Letter being intercepted, the
fortuguefe was
taken and Condemn'd,and as he was carrying to the Place of Execution
cry'd aloud,
lou feople take delight in my Veath, but you Jhall he interrupted . and
indeed it hapned ac^
tl h h 2 cordinglyj

freafon.

.-;8S AM^'KICJ. Chap.lVI.

cordingly : for when the Executioner began to fcorch the half-ftrangled
Criminal
with Straw, there fprungup a ftrange Spirit of Contention amongfl: the
Spe^ta- ^
tors, who began to jiiftle and ftrike one another 5 and foon^after a
Whirlwind rofe
in the midfl of the Market-place, which in a moment caus'd them all to
ftagger
like drunken People, their Hats and Caps were blown up into the Air, the
whole
multitude tumbling confufedly on the Ground, the Arm'd Soldiers flying
to the '
next Houfes, and the Executioner falling down in a Trance from the
Scaffold : A
full quarter of an hour this Confufion had lafted, when the People came
to them^
ielves again, and the Hangman returned to his Bufinefs, cutting off the
Tortuxuefe'i
Nofe, Ears, Privy/Members, and tearing out his Heart, which he threw to
two
Dogs', who devoured the fame 5 then dividing the Body into Quarters,
which were

fet up at the four Corners of the City for an Example.

The fame Punifhmcnt received a Mulatto^ who endeavored to fire two of
the Bollanders befl: Ships in the Haven.
Notwithftanding thefe Punifliments, the Soldiers ran away daily, the
blame
whereof might juftly be laid on the Magiftrates, who took no notice of
the Soldiers
juft Complaints of their Officers, cheating them of a third part of
their Provifion, and infliding feyere Punifhraents upon them as Mutineers, when
they had
real caufe of Complaint.
Schup^e was at the fame time fhrewdly put to it for want of Men,
either
dy'd of the then reigning Difeafe, or ran away to the Enemy 5 fo
was forced to leave the Ifland Taperica, and inclofe himfelf within his
rais'd Sconce.
Admiral Thc Admiral Sankert had better fuccefs for Cruifing up
down before the

who
that he
new
and

a great vi- lolct Todos los SauBos , after the taking and finking of
feveral Ships as they came in
thJ ponJ. his way J he at laft fet upon the fortu^uej'e Fleet,
confiftino; of feven great Ships of
guefe Fleet. I'l fojj i ri ii
which one got to St. Salvador , another was iunk, and the other five
were taken, be*
ing valu'd at twenty Tuns of Gold, or 200000 1. Sterl. In this
Engagement were
kiird above four hundred ^ortuguefes^ befides two hundred and fifty who
were taken Prifoners, and fent Shackled to %cciffa, Amongfl: them was the new
ViceRoy of 'Brafile^ the Admiral, Vice^Admiral, three Monks, and feveral
other Perfi^ns of note.
This Vidory began to give fome Breath to ^eciffa, when at the fame time
Marilial Bous arriv'd there with feven Ships, Mann'd with five hundred
Soldiers. This
Hous on the feventeenthof ^//^/?, Anno i 645. had been taken Prifoner
at the En^
gmhoj having fought fi) long till all his Powder was fpent, fo that he
wasforc'd to
furrenderhimfelfuponpromife of Quarter to T/^rt/jWho after he had taken
an Oath
upon the 'B'thky to fpare the Lives of all the Hollanders and
Brafilians, fell upon thc
^rafilians and flew them, being a hundred in all, in Cold-blood, who yet

fi^ld their
Lives at no eafie rate. Being carry'd Prifoner, together with Captain
'Brifiow^ Lijiry,
Wild/chut, !Blarj and two hundred more, by Fiera to Cafa de frugar^ he
was thence
fent to fortu^al^ where being released, be brought News to the States o(
the mean
Condition of the WeJl-LuUa Company, and that all things mufl: needs be
lofl:, if they
did not fpeedily take the Bufinefs into Conilderation : Whereupon he was
fur*
nifli'd with a Supply of Ships and Men, with which he fet Sail for
^rajUe ; where
being arriv'd, mofl: part of the Soldiers he brought with him were
Tranfported to
Taperica, to affiil: Schnppe j who as foon as they came to him;, march'd
into the Countrey ; where being fee upon by a thoufand fortugurfes, he loll: fixty
Men.
Soon after Hoogenflraet receiving Orders from the Governor of St.
Salvador, who
was informed by fome Prifoners, that Schuppe had not above twelve
hundred fighting Men, to fall upon him with three thoufand, made a furious Affault
upon the
^ . . Sconce

Marflial
Heus arrives
at R,eciffa.
with afrefh
Supply,

Ti

Chap. VIL A M E il I C A. iEp

Sconce in two places^ and Scbrming the l;:n.le for two hours together,
lofl four
hundred Men, which made him draw off a little before Daybreak.
In the interim nine Privateers', fitted out by fcveral Merchants of
Hij/Z^Ti^/ and
Zealand J came to Cruife up and down before the Coaft of 'Brafik j which
the States
the rather allowed of, bccaufe the Wefl-lndia Company was not able to
fend any
more Supplies thither : Nor was it long ere they took five ^ortuguefe
Prizes^ and
afterwards (joyning with ^ankert) four more laden full of Sugar, in the

Haven To^
dos los Sanciosj where they threw a hundred and twenty fortu^uefcj and
fifty revolted
Ho//Wm- overboard.
%ecijfa being at that time reduc'd to very great flraits, eafnefily
implor'd Aid
from the States, but to little purpofe, by reafon of the Differences
amongft them*
felvesp which hapned upon this occalion : The SpaniJhKinghy his Agent in
the
Ha<rue made Overtures of'Peace_, and proffered to fall upon the
Tortuguefe in 'Brafde :
to which Proportion, whenas the reft of the States feem'd inclinable,
thofe ofZea^
land would no ways hearken, being refolv'd to have nothing to do with
Spain. The The Council
news of this Diffention exceedingly perplex'd the Council at (I{edffa^
efpecially ftnd over
1 r> 7 1 1 ^ -^ ^ ^ T.-IelTengers
when to that news was added, that ibankert, the onely terror to the
Enemy at Sea, toreprefenc
was Commanded home by the States of Zealand^ which yet the General
States rtritftly t^n of the
forbad. Whereupon they thought fit to lend one of their AiTembly to the
Hagm^
to make the States acquainted with the miferable Condition of 'Brafile,
and to Expoftulate with them for their infeniibiiity of their Condition, and to let
them under*
fland_, that ten thoufand Men would not reftore Brafde to its former
Condition :
Every one ftrove to be the MeiTenger of thefe fad tydings_, but
efpecially their Prefident Schonenhergh wifh'd it might be his lot to leave the unhappy
Countrey of
Br a file '^ but becaufe his departure would not have been without great
murmuring
of the People, Haeks was fent in his flead. Together with him went
H'mderfon (who
was in no efteem fince the Deftrudtion on ^io Grande-J they both
Erribarqu'd on
'Bankert's Ship and five others, which in flead of being laden with rich
Commodities, and ballafted with Sugar, as heretofore, were fraught with
difcontented Sea
men, decrepid and fick Soldiers^ unferviceable y^B'j, poor Travellers,
Tortuguefe
Prifoners, and onely ten Weeks Provifions^ whereas all other Veffels at
their Re=
turn from Braftk us'd to have Provifion for three Moneths, which at this
time
could not be fpar'd. The Council alfo made Orders what Perfons Oiould go
with
the fore-mention'd Ships, W;^. Kone but thofe whofe Names were written

in the
Lifts which had ftuck fix Weeks at every Church Door, that by that means
no Creditor might fuffer by his Debtors going away, nor any Criminal efcape
his deferved puniHiment. Bankert had fcarce been a Week at Sea, when he dy'd of
the Pallie : smkeris
he was a Manj who for his valiant Exploits was from a Fore-maft Man
preferred charaaer.
to be Captain J which Office he performed with great Prudence and
Valor : but
that which firft made him moft eminently taken notice of, was his
Engaging with
thxnttvi Dunkirkers J of which he funk three, and being boarded by three
more, and
fir'd at by the reft, he refus'd to furrrender his Ship on promife of
Quarter, but
plac'd his eldeft Son with a lighted Match in the Powder-room^
commandincr him
on pain of Death to blow up the Ship with the three Dunktrkers as foon
as he gave
the Word ; which valorous Refolution fo amaz'd the Enemy, that they let
him go
He alfo behav'd himfelf bravely in the DolPns againft the Spnnip Admiral
Qquendo^
His two Sons that were prefenc when he gave up the Ghoft, would not have
his
Body thrown overboard, notwithftanding it ftunk fo intolerably, that all
the Provifioos in the Ship were tainted by it j therefore taking out his
Entrails, they
Salted the Bodyj wrapt it up in four Sail-cloths, and nailing the fame
u'o m a pitchy
Hhh 3 /' Cheft,

Overtures of
Peace from
the Fortuguefe refus'd
by the Nethertanis.

5po <tA M E%1 C A. Chap. VIl

Chell, biiry'd ic under the Ballaft. Mean while the Fleet approaching
the
Flemmify Ides, was furprisM by a terrible Storm, in which the ViceAdmiral's old
Ship iplitafunder, but mod of the People were fav'd. Between Calice and
Do Ver
they met with c'lo^^tOfteiiderSj againft whom they made themfelves ready
to Fight j

bur they, according to the King of Spams Order, inftead of Floilility

flicw'd them
Friendfhip. All their Provifions were fpent, when they happily Anchor'd
before
flujlnng, where 'Banhrt's Body was Interred with great Solemnity,
In the interim the United Tsletherlands had fitted out another Fleet to
2i{^i^%eciffa,
the IVeJi-India Company having firft demanded of the King of Tortu^al
two hundred
and eighty Tuns of Gold^ to the value of which they affirmed themfelves
to have
been damaged by the Infurredion of the ^ortuguefe. On the other fide,
the King of
Portugal was in a quandary about the Bufinefs o^ 'Brafele j for firft,
he had no other
thoughts but that ^Brajile would have falTn into his hands within the
fpace of three
Kdoneths, becaufe the Plot there was fo fubtilly laid ; neither did he
think the States
would have concerned themfelves with the IVeJl-hidia Companies Bufinefs,
which
now it was manifeft they did. Befides this, there was a third
Inconvenience, Vi;^, that
the Spanijli Crown endeavor'd to conclude a Peace with the United
Netherlands ^
wherefore that he might put a ftop to the fending of the Fleet to
'Brafile,hQ dealt with
the French AmbafTador to make very advantageous Proffers in his behalf,
vi;^. That
he would furrender all the conquered Places, and make good all the
Damages that
had been fuftain'd thereby. The Fleet appointed to go to 'Brafile was
hereupon ftopt,
till the States had Confuked about an Anfwer on the fore-mention'd
Propofitionsbut when Hacks brought news of the falfhood of the fortuguefe, the Scale
was immediately turn'd, infomuch that the Tortuguefe AmbafTador went in danger
of his
Life, till the Mutineers were put into Cuftody. Moreover the Fleet was
order'd
to Sail with all fpeed pofiible to %ecijfa^ with promife that another
Fleet fliould
foon follow with fix thoufand Men J but the many difconfolate tydings
that had
been brought of late, of the hardfliips and fulferings of thofe that
went before,
through the unwholfomnefs of the Climate, the want of Provifions, the
Strength
and Cruelty of the Enemy, made the Seamen and Soldiers very unwilling to
go fo
fatal a Voyage, infomuch that as many as could, made their efcape : yet
at laft, on
the laft day of December^ Anno 1647. the Fleet fet Sail under the
Command of
Cornelif:^oon de Vfit ; fome Weeks before which Schuppe was forc'd to

dcfert the Ifland

TapericUy to go and aid ^cijfa^ which the ^Tortugueje from a rais'd
Battery on the
other fide of the River 'Biheribi fhot at fo inceflantly, that none were
fafe either in
their Houfesor in the Streets.
Mean while the ^ortuguefe Agent, Francijco de Soufa Continho, profFer'd
the States
to go toBrafile himfelf, and caufe to be reftorM all thofe Places which
had been taken from the WeUIndia Company, particularly the City St. Salvador and
Tercera,hem
fides Reparation for all other Damages.
At the fame time GraVe Maurice was Treated with to go to 'Brafile again,
but his
Demands w^ere fo high, that it came to nothings for he required 4000 /.
yearly to
fpend at hisTable, and 5000 /. befides during his Life ; alfo 2000 /. to
fet him out,
and twelve thoufand Men to Befiege St. 54/Wor, which was always guarded
by
four thoufand, and thirty Carvels lay ready before Liibon to carry four
thoufand
more thither.
All things went very ill on the Hollanders fide at this prefent ; for
befides that the
by thePsr- fore*mention'd Fleet had not its wiflfd fuccefs, moft of the
Men being deftrov'd
tugueje, ' sD J
by the immoderate Heat of the Climate, Angola and Loando were alfo taken
by the
Tortuguefe.
Thcfe

Gravt Maurice his high

Demands,

Angola anJ
LonJo taken

Chap. Vli. a M E T^I C A. y, j

Thefe Misfortunes made the r<y?-M. Coa,pany bcgia to be very forward ^
to come to a Treaty with the fomgmf. Agent, who before feem'd rather to
co..tt
them, having off-er'd to Engage for the refto.ation of whatever they
poffefs'd'at
that time, when the ten years Peace was concluded , but when they came
to infill
upon that Point he anfwer'd. That he muft expeft new Orders from LisUn
con,
cermng Wo, becaufe the taking of that Place caus'd an alteration in the
ftate
of Affaus Bnt the States no way fatisfi'd with Delays, that were like to
prove both
hurtful and d.fgraceful, refolv'd to put into Execution what they had
before agreed
upon, v<^. The Eaft,M,a Company was impower'd to make Prize of all
fortLrfe
Ships towards the payment of the fifteen Tuns of Gold ordain'd for the
FwzjJ.
Company, to he p them againft the Tortu^uefe Oppreffion. The Weft-IndU
Company alfo receiv d Coramiffions to Cruife for Tortuguefe Veffels before
Srafde.
On the feventeenth of February, Anno 1649. three thoufand Soldiers that
came ''*.i
over m the fore-tnention'd Fleet, befides two hundred 2^'., and as many
Sea- "''^SSS
men, marching to Befiege Cararapes under the Command oF Schuppe and Coc
J were -'^'P'
fo funoufly let upon by the Sallying Enemy, that they were forc'd to
break up the """""
Siege in great diforder, whileft the fortu^uefe being in number two
thoufand five
hundred, fell upon the Rere ; and though the Dutch Officers us'd all the
care they
could poffible to bring their Men to face about, yet they were not able
to keep
them from running away , in which flight great flaughter of them was
made by
the <Portu^ue/e Horfe, confiftingof a hundred and thirty, Arm'd with
Lances, infomuch that in the flight and the purfuit, a thoufand Netherla,ders were
flain and
nineteen Enfigns or Colours were left behind as Trophies for the
<Ponu.uefe . the
cbiefofthe Slam were Colonel ShhA and fttoiVe. '
The Zealanders were much concern'd at the improfperous Affairs of /?fe
in re.
gard a fifth part of the Weft.Ind.a Companies Stock belong'd to
Middlebur/, Fluthin.
and Feer, inlomuch that the Complaints of Widows and Orphans that fiiard in the

common lofs. mov'd the States to fit out fix great Ships, and as many
Ketches,
Mann d with two thoufand eight hundred Men, for Srafile, where all
things ran
to ruine the Grandees both of the Council,Army, and Fleet, being at
variance, and
impeaching one another. t? ? '^
The reft of the Provinces, efpecially Friejland, being lefs inclin'd to
the Wefl-Mia
Company, wereforaewhat colder in the purfuit of this Bufinefs
neverthelefs up
on a frefli Letter of Complaint from Walter Schonenkrgh, Prefident of
the ^r'afdL
Council, they held a Confultation together, how to raife Moneys for the
fitting
out of twenty Ships and five Ketches for the Relief of S^fffe.
The Admiral 2). f^,> returning home, was, upon the accufation of the
Council
in S/?fe, and the General, Smfmond Schuffe, made Prifoner in the Ha.ue
- and together with him the other five Captains that went with him were
Comm'itted by
the Admiralty, for returning without the Confent of the Council . but
they were
Toon releas'd by the Magiftrates oUmfterdam, who upon the Admiralties
refufing
to deliver them commanded their Provoft-Marftal to break open their
Prifon
Doors. 2). ir,r after his Releafement juftifi'd what he had done before
a full Af. ^> .> ,elembly of the States and alledg'd that it was according to the Orders he
receiv'd fet/jX
wnen he undertook this Expedition* foshisPvc^.
The 'Portugue/e Agent, Sou/a Macede, obtaining Audience of the States,
told them
how ready the King his Matter had been to come to a perfeft Agreement of
Peace
With them, but that their own Afts of Hoftility had been the occafion of
the breach
of that Treaty of Peace that had been concluded on ; that the Robberies
and Info,
lencies committed by thofe ?<,../,, under their Jurifdidion, was not
any way
aiuhoris'd

turn.

5?i

'ill

Schupfe,
Hae^s, and
Schouenhergh,
declare the
Reafons of
the lofs of
R.<idffa.

They are \
try'd at a
Council of
War.

Their Pl';aj.'

A M E%^1 C A. Chap. VI i.
authorisM or counteoanc'd by him j laftly^ he offer'd them free Trade to
%-afih^
eighty Tun oFGold to the V/eft-hidia Qompanj^ 800000 /. 10 the Orphans
and Wi=
dows in Zealand, and payment oF all private Debts. But making no mention
of
reftoring the Places in ^raftle, he feem'd to mock the StiUes j who
refented it fo
much, that they would admit of no farther Conference with him.
Mean while the U^ejl'hniia Com^mics Bufinefs in 'Braftle went daily mere
and
more to roine, infomuch that in the Year 1 654, they loft all their
Forts and Places
of Strength and Habitation, and amongft them ^cijfa^ the chief Reiidence
of the
Council o^ ^Braftkj who returning home, brought no5:Hing but a doleful
Relation
of their unfortunate Proceedings. Schu^pe^ Haeks, a,nd Schonoibergh^
made each of
them a long Oration, fetting forth the fad Condition of the Place, and
the Miferies
they had endur'd a long time before they left it alfo excufing their
total quituncr
thereof to the Enemy by the great want of Prqvilions and other Supplies,
which
they fo' often had written for in vain, at Icaft receiv'd fliort of what
their NeceUities

requir'd, and by the Clamours of the Soldiers, who were ready upon all
occafions
0 Mutiny or Revolt, as appeared by their crying out upon the difcovery
of a Fleet
o^^ortugucfe upon the Coa.^, behold our Deliverers from the
Netherlanders Tyranny
iaftly^by the growing Power of their Enemies, which they could not. have
refifted,
though they themfelves had been much ftronger than they were.^
But the Weft-India Company fenfibly touch'd at the thoughts of their
Lo{res,were
not fatisH'd with the Relation of Schonenhergh^ Haeksy and SchuppSj but
required a
Journal of every days Tranfadions, or Teftimonies to con^rm the truth of
their
Relation : They alfo demanded an Account of the Condition of the Storehoufes
when ^eciffaw2.s furrendred, and fell upon them with feveral
Interrogatories;, V/:^.
Why the Voxi Afogados was forfaken ? Why the Garrifons were not drawn in
from
the North to %ectjfa ? Why they did not keep footing on the Land, and
guard
thofe Places they had left when ^ecijfa was loft? Why they made fuch ado
for
want of Provifions and Ammunition to difhearten the People ? Why the
Money
proffer'd by fsveral Citizens was not taken ^ Why they did not burn the
Enemy's
Fleet, fince, according to the opinion of feveral, it might eafily have
been done ?
How they could teftifie the Sedition of the Soldiers, fince none of
their Commanders complained of it ? Whether they us'd any Means to encourage the
Befieged ?
Who did, and who did not confent to the Surrender? Whether no better
Terms could
have been made ? In fine, they prevailed with the States to fecurt
Schonenbergh^Haeksy
and 5c/;pj7e, in their Houfes, and on the ninth o^ September^ Anno
1654. brought
them before a Council of War in the Hague, where the chief things
obje(51:ed againft
them were, That the Tortuguefe had gotten by the Conqueft of ^cijfa,
above two
hundred Brafs Guns^ moft of them DemiCulverins, and four hundred Iron
Guns,
valuM together at ten hundred thoufand ^xdollars ^ That the Store-houfes
were
fufticiently ftockM with Provifion and Ammunition ; That they took care
to fecure their own Goods, but left what belong'd to the IFeJl-Jfidia Company
as a Prey
to the Enemy.
Schuppe on his part alledg'd, that he could do nothing of himfelf, as

being under
the Comm.and of the 'Brafilian Council. Haeks and Schonenbergh pleaded
the want
of Men, by reafcn of the many that daily dropt from theni;, either by
Death or
Defection, to the Enemy, and thofe that remained, unfafe to be truftcd,
as confifting of fo many different Nations 5 alfo their being blocked up at the
Sea by the
Tortuguefe Fleet, the great want of Ammunition, efpecially Inftruments
of Fortification 5 laftly, the head^ftrong Refolutions of the Soldiers, to deliver
up the Place,
whatever their Officers (hculd determine to the contrary ;
notwithftanding which,
to

Chap. ViL

<iJ M E "B^I C A.

^^91

conat a

to fliew that it was not quitted upon difadvantageous terms, they

produc'd the
Articles of Agreement upon which it Was furrendrcd to Francijco^
Governor of
^eniamhuco. An conclufion, the Council of War pafsM their Sentence on
Schupbe^ ^'''"pp^
Vizf That he fliould lofe all the Sallary that was due to him from the
Wefl-lndia ^-'""^^'^ '^f
r 1 r n- War to lofe
'Company fince the twenty iixth of January i 654. when . he Signed the
Agreement ^' ^-^WWith iB^mfo for the delivering up of 'i^^c/^^.
Thus the ^ortuguefs recovered full andabfolute pofieflion o[ BrafilCj

yet notwithout fear of an afterclap of War ; wherefore the f or tuguefe Agent, upon
condition of
an abfolute Peace to be concluded^ profFerM the States General in the
Hague, Satisfa
diion for the Damages which the Weft-India Company had fuftain'd in
^rafik,
eighty Tun of Gold, a free I'rade to 'Brafde, and payment of the Debts
due to them
from feveral Tortugtiefes in (Brafik j but told them, that to furrender
them any Places
there, was not in the power of the fortuguefe Crown. On the other fide,
the Soa^'
niar d -pvo&t'd to adiO; them in the total Conquefl of .Br^^/e, and to
reilore them
thofe Places they formerly pofiefsM, as foon as they had fubdu'd the
^ortuguefe ; to
which the ZeaUnders began to hearken, who being great Lofers by the
^ortuguefes
Treachery, wifli'd for nothing more than Revenge j but Ho/Z^w^ having a
great
Trade to Portugal, was more inclined to Peace : Whereupon His Majefly of
oreat
Britain ^toxfcx'd himfelf to be Mediator between the ^ortuguefe Crown
and the
United Netherlands ; and accordingly on the fixth o^ Juguft, Anno 1661,
sl Peace was
concluded with Portugal on thefe Terms : ,

L that ^ oxino 2X1^ as to py to the United Netherlands eighty Tun of

Gold, either in
ready Money, Sugar, 7obacco, or Salt , or deduH the fame out of the
Cufloms payable in the
Portuguefe Harbors.
II. That the Guns on RecifFa were to he reflo/d to the Wefl: J^^ia
Company,
III. That the Salt-Trade at St. Uves and other Places under the
Portuguefe JurifdiBiouy
whether in Africa or E t a. CAc, fliould be granted to the Netherlands,
paying the Cuftoms as the
Portuguefe do themfelveso
IV. That the conquer' d places gotten on both fides ^ fhould remain in
the hands of the prefent Tojfejfors,
V. That the K^ng of Portugal flnuld not lay an Embargo on any Netherland
Veffel, on
Any pretence i^hatJoeVer, though they fiould carry all manner of
Ammunition to his Enemies, proyided it rvere not out of any of the Portuguefe Hayens.
VI. That no Netherlander y/po/^y ever be call'd before any Judge about

any Difference in
(^ligion, but Jhould have freedom thereof granted him, either in his
Houfe or Ship, and alfo
a convenient 'Buryi?ig-place,
Vn. That tfany Difference Jhould chance to drife between Portugal and
the Netherlands,
they fl)ould not extend it to prejudice the Trade, but every Merchant
Jhould he free to call in his
Debts, and fend Ships without hinderance.
VIII. That this j?refent Jgreement fhould not he broken by any
Mi/demeanors aEled by any
Subjecis, either in the Eaft or WeftJndies, tvho ti^ere to be puniJJ/d
by their lawful Jud(res.
IX. That the Havens belonging to both Parties Ipere to be free for
either Men of War or
Merchant-Men,
X. That the Netherlanders Trading m Portugal, w/Vk go Jrm'd, take Houfes
and
Store-houfes,
XI. That ths Goods laden in an Enemy's Ship might he decla/d free Tri:^,
XII. That the Portuguefe in Brafile jl^ow/i pay their Debts i&hich they
ow'd to ths WeilIndia Company, or any other ferjon or ferfons ; to which purpofe three
appointed Commif^loners
were to Sit at Lisbon, to hear and determine the (jiufei that JJiould be
brought before them, afid
without

Articles of
Peace between Portut
gal and the
"Vnited blether lands.

SV.'PL

59

4- ^ M ETs^I C A, Chap. VII.

without tU itfual Gnumftmccs^ pajl their Sentence, M'hich iv.is to he

Executed hy & hi<rhey

Towcr,

A few days after this Agreement was concluded, the ^ortuguefe Ambaffador
Henrico Sou/a ToVares, went [or Lisbon, where he arriv'd on the laft day
of September^
S^J4" ^ ^^ ^"^^y GtidderUnd and Zealand, were much diifatisfi'd with
this Agreement
dltpnr^ove' t)ut alfo Gmjm^fwaccusM their Deputy Schulenber^h, that
contrary to Orders he had
Inkpml been too forward in concluding the Peace with Portugal, and that
he had condlmT scZ- fented to that which the S^^m of Groningen had not permitted
him for they reknier^h. ^^|^,^ ^^ ^^j^^ p^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^^^^^ sccount, but that fortugal
iliould pay the eiahty
Tun of Gold in ready Money, and that in a fiiort time ; whenas on the
contrary,
he had allow'd of the payment in Merchandife, and that in a long time.
Wherefore the 5ic2f a of Gronmgen (who for this Fad: and feveral Accufations
brought
againft Schuknhergh, condemned him to be Beheaded, which Sentence had
been Executed upon him, had he not made his Efcape) together with thofe o^
Omeland, and
others, who difapprovM of the Peace concluded with Portugal, drew up
many Rea
Tons why they dilfented, and look'd upon it as both difhonorable and
difadvaniageous; liowever, the Articles being Sign'd, and the S^dfe^Ga^er^/,
taking into confideration how impoflibie a Work it would have been to have gone about
to renew a War with the fortuguefe in ^raftle, being at that time in firm
pofifeiTjon of
all, and that for the Interell of a few, in rcfped of the whole
Common.wealth,
they were forc'd to refi: fatisfi^d, and together with the Weft-hdia
Company, to fie
down with the lofs of thofe Places in 'Brafik, which hadcoft To much
Blood and
Treafure to gain.
SLct- Neverthelefs the Weft.lndu Company put in a Memorial at the Hague,
of all that
Kuweli- ^^^ ^''" ^^^'^ ^y tliem.from time to timc^ wherein they
themfelves had been great
Selir Sufferers, and the Common=wealth very muchadvantag'd, as namely,
That atfirfi:
they put in a Stock of feventy four Tun -of Gold, fent out divers Fleets
under the
Admirals WiUekens, John T)irkf:^oon Lam, Boudewyn, Henrickj'^oon, feter
Hein, Adrian

(pater, Henrick Lonk, Virk Uitgeeft, Peter Ita, Loos, Cornelis

Houte^been, Licbthart, hankert,
and others, at feveral times, which had much weakned the %i/7; Power,
to the
great advantage of the M;//WNfrkr/W5, becaufe the 5/^^^W^ was not onely
forc'd
to difperce his Power to defend America^ but alfo loft great Riches on
the Coafl
thereof, which being the Sinews of his War, prevented him from
oppreffina that
State ; That to their lofs they fuffer'd their Forces to ftop the Enemy,
when he1)roke
into ther^W^, at that time when zhsMnited IS^etherlands feem'd to hang
by a filken
Thred ; That it would probably have been the ruine of Holland, if the
mighty S^anijh Fleet which Engaged with Martin Tromp in the Downs, had been
affifled by fixty
fix Sail, which L^ Torre was forc'd to fend to the Coaft of ^Bnijile,
againft the WeftIndia Company That this Companies Concern was fo great a Nurfery of
Mariners in the Year 1(^25?. that they had above a hundred Ships at Sca,and
fifteen thoufand Men in their Service ; which the U?iitcd Netherlands confidering,
and judoirKr
thatChargetoogreatfor the Company to maintain, had refolv'd to
contribute a
certain Sum towards it yearly, which had not yet been paid ,- which made
them
take up Money upon Intcrefl, and put in a Supply of thirty Tun of Gold
for the
payment of the fame ; That the Expedition of Henrick brewer to Chilt had
put them
very much behind-hand, becaufe the Enemy having notice of it, fecur'd
himfelf,
yet was often terrified with it j for ^ro-^er having found out a Way to
go from (I{e'ciffa to the Province of Qjili in two Moncths, and accordingly to do
great mifchief
to the %;////; Power, whofe Riches lay bare all along the South Sea j
this and
many

lap., VI!; <t/[ M E/R^t-C A.

many other things forc'd to make that honorable Peace with the l{^ether
lands, concluded on in Mufjfier, Anno 1648 j That their Lofles, computed and
delivered in
to the States General, amounted to fixty fix Tun of Gold, and forty
three thou^
fand two hundred and ninety Guilders , which forced them to take up
Money to

pay Incereft for what they had before, yet that they ftill kept fifty
great Ships at
Sea, and were refolv'd to profecutc their Trade with frefli vigor, as
Toon as Satisfadion fhould be given from the Tortuguefe Crown, as was promis'd them
in the
Articles of Agreement, and they could obtain of their Lordfliips^ to
have their
Patent prolonged for a confiderable time ; That they were.ftill indebted
to thofe
Orphans and Widows who furnifli'd them with Money to fet out their
Forces
which in the firfl twelve years did the Spaniard fo much hurt, that the
Damage is
reckoned to amount to one thoufand one hundred and eighty Tun of Gold.
Thefe things being taken into confideration by the States General, they
granted
the Company their Requeft,and gave them a new Patent, by virtue of which
they
now Trade to Africa and the Qarihbee-IfLands , fince they were forc'd to
quit all they
had poflcls'd in (Brafile,

5^)

Sect. XII.

The foumey of Kodulplms Baron, mth the T>efcription of the

Cujloms and Manners of the Tapuyans.

Rf Odnlj^hm3aron, to make a Difcovery of the Countrey, upon the

Encouragement of Gr^Ve Af^mc^, who allow'd him to that purpofe a yearly Reve.-, '^ . nuc, undertook a remarl^able Journey, ac^ompany'd with thx et
Tapuyans -^
who going putof thfe Village Caneri without any; ftore of Provifions,
left the Moun
tains (w^^ev^ on the right-hand, and went feventy {^eaf|iies into the
Countrey,
without meeting with, any People, onely hc/gfujid one Mount:ain of Fople
Glafs 5
from whence he went South ward to the IMages of the Waripebares and
Caripati, who
having courteoufly Entertained him, appointed certain Perfons to
accompany him
from one Village to another, with Orders to Complement Grave Maurice^
who fent
them home with feveral Gifts.

The Waripehares and Caripati inhabit fourteen Villages on the Mountains

which
Bound 'Brafile Weftward, live by Hunting and Fifliing, eat wild Honey
and all
manner of Fruit, and maintain continual Wars againft a mighty People
which inhabit the Weftern Plains.
As for the Tapuyans, they range up and down between the Rivers Grande,
Quoau- Tbecufioms
guho,Ocioro, Upameoma, and Voiroguo, without having any fetled Abodes j
they are a Slel^^-'
llrong People, Hern of Countenance, and black Hair'd : In ftead of
Circumcifing
their Children, they cut them, which is done after this manner : The
Priefts Hand
on a row, Dancingand Singing, whileft one of them fwings the Child round
about
his Head before all the Multitude^ and then runs away with it ; at lail
returning,
fets it in his Lap, whileft another Prieft cutting a Hole in the Ears
and Lips
thereof, puts little Bones into the fame, and the Mother cries and howls
after a
terrible manner. At thefe Ceremonies, whi.ch end with Dancing and
Singing,
their King is always prcfent.
The Virgins are kept by their Parents till the Mothers perceive them to
have
their Monethly Courfes, which they immediately reveal to the Priefts,
who acquaint the King therewith, before whom the Maid, being Painted red, is
brought ;
whom having fmoak'd with Tobacco, he throws an Arrow at a Garland, which

ymis.

! I

iHfe

'-k

9tf

A ME%^1CA.

Chap; yii.

Strange kind
of Pi ognoiiication.

file wears on hct Head, and if he chances to hit it, he gives her his
Bencdi<aion^ by
licking certain parts of her Body, from which flic hopes to receive long
Life.
So foon as a Woman is gotten with Child by her Husband, flie lies no
more
with him, but he is permitted to enjoy his other Wives, whofc number is
cither
more or lefs, according to every ones picafurc. The Women after Delivery
eat
their After-birth.
Adultery is free for Men, but if Women be taken in the Aa:, they are
immediately put to Death. "
After they have done Soweing and Planting, the King calls all his People
and
Subjeds together, and appears to them hung round with Garlands and all
of
them have their Bodies Painted and ftuck full of divers colour'd
Feathers.
The Priefts when they go about to foretel furjre Evencs^either Sing or
Pipe,and
at the fame time hold up their Heads towards the Skie, 2nd Hand gazing,
as if they
faw feme ftrange Vifion in the Air ; on fome of their Backs hangs a

Bundle of
Oftriches Feathers ; fome throw Feathers in the Air, to fee which way
the Wind
blows. When the Waters overflowing 'Brafile did muci^ iiarm, Anno 1641.
the
Priefts being Confulted^ brought forth the Kmg's Lddnp\ m which lay
their facred Stones cali'd Cohuterak and Titfcheyouh, and began to Dance and
Sing ; next fix
Priefts were plac'd in a row, which were to Prognollicace : whereupon
the firfl:
taking up a Stone, faid, T/;e Netherlanders have given I:) ami to thofe
in St. Salvador, but are mti^ about an Agreement : The fecond held up a Blcflbm of
Indian
Wheat/and foretold that there would be plenty of that Grain : The third
holding
a v/hice Pebble-ftone, promis'd ftoreofMilk: The fourth grafpM a Stone
like
Bread, telling them that the Countrey fhould produce much Bread : The
fifth
holding up a Bowe and Arrow hung full of Feathers, cry'd aloud^ This is
a Gift of
the Jngels^ (Birds jhall flte thicker than thefe Feathers hang
together : The fixth, having a
lump of Wax, foretold that there would be plenty of Honey made by the
Bees
that year.
They worlhip the Conftellation Urfa Minor.
Thcv

Ghap. VII. lAME'K.ICA. 597

They obferve a very flrange way of Purging 5 for with a Stick they
thrufi: fliarp
Leaves down their Throats into their Stomachy which they turn fo long
till they
vomit Blood. N
*'
In the Summer they have a general Meeting for Wreftling, and other
Exercifes, J^'j^^'^^^^which lafts three days. The Wreftlers arc ftrangely attir'd j for they
are all over ^'"stheir Bodies befet with divers forts of Feathers, and in ftead of Boots
or Buskins_,
wear the Barks of Trees about their Legs 5 their Hair befmear'd with
Honey, and
ty'd in a Tuft, hangs down behind ; on their Crowns they wear a Plume of
Feathers, about their Necks a Band or Gorget of Feathers 5 at their Arms

they tie the

Wings of the Birds IQohituh, and on their Backs a green Bough ; their
whole Bodies Painted with divers Colours, and their Hair all Red : Thus
accoutred, they
Engat^e one with another, and if there be an old Grudge between them,
then they
Fight m earned:, and often kill one another : The Vi(5ior with ftrange
Adions
upbraids the Vanquifli'd with Cowardife, and ever after enjoys his Wife
and
Children.
They eat the Serpent Munuah, being four Yards long, and on the Tail
having a
Horn, which with a pufli it thrufts into Man or Beaft, as it 'lights,
then winds it
fclf about the Body, and fucks till it hath fuck'd the laft drop of
Blood.
Here arc alfo Serpents which are fo poyfonouS;, that the leaft Wound
received by
them is mortal, unlefs the part bitten be either immediately cut out, ox
off.
The Priefts cut the deceafed Bodies into pieces, which are roaftcd by
old Women ; the Bones are taken out, and at the next pubiick Feaft are
ftarap'd, mix'd
with Water, and Drank : But the Bodies of Noblemen are to be eaten by
none
but Perfons of that Rank.
They alfo Crown their Kings after a ftrange manner_, vi;^. The Priefts,
whp are iteir man;
befet with Feathers, anoint him with fweet-fmelling Oyl, or Balfam, and
put a^ng their "
Crown of divers coloured Feathers on his Head, after which they all fall
a Singing '"^**
and Dancing; but if any one happen to fpeak a word of the deceafed King,
they all
begin to howl and cry. The Kings Authority confifts more in Advifing
than
Commanding.
They believe that the Souls of thofe who die a natural Death are immort^w o^i-^
tal ; but thofe that are kill'd by their Enemies, devour'd by ravenous
Beafts, or "ingtheSoui.
poyfon'd, are totally extinguifli'd both Soul and Body for ever. They
fay likewife that Hell is Weftward near a dark Pool, where the Devil Examines
every
Soul how they liv'd on Earth, and what Death they dy'd j the Good are
Ferry'd
over to a delightful Valley, where there is plenty of Fifh, Honey, and
Flefli ; but

the Wicked are miicrably tormented. >

The Natives live peaceably amongft themfelves, their Law being for thofe
that
have not, to ask, and for thofe that have, to give.
They never Travel in the Night for fear of Serpents and other ravenous
Beafts,
neither do they go any whither till the Sun has dry'd up the Dew.
King Janduy before-mention'd, being above a hundred years of age,
defir'd the hls^u^^^I:'^
Prince ofjuckers fair Daughter to Wife, but being deny'd, contriv'd a
fubtil Plot, ^^'yi;^, he invited Jucker, with his Courtiers, to a Wreftling , whither
he coming with
his whole Train, was earneftly minding the Sport, when a confidcrablc
number of
Janduy s Women falling upon Juckers Men, deftroy'd a great many of them,
and got
the defir'd Maid ^ot Janduy ^ who at that time had fourteen Wives and
fixty Children, but had formerly enjoy'd fifty Wives and Concubines.
Not onely amongft the Tapujansj but generally amongft the reft of the !
Braftlians^ "r^^^r a
their Arms are great Clubs call'd Tacapes j alfo iharp Darts, and ftrong
Bowes
III cali'd

Irms.

i m

m
\ 'la

598

<t/ M E "KI C J.

Chap. VII.

IM

c^WdOra^areSfVjith Shields, which are made of the Skin of a Beaft call'd

Tapi*

roujfo

m.

Theif

The Women wear long Chains of SnaiUfliells, which hang down over theit
Shoulders ; their Faces are Painted with divers colour'd Rings,
furroundcd with
Specks ; their Kecks and Arms they adorn with Necklaces and Armlets of
little
Bones : They carry their Husbands Provifions in time of War.
Their Army they order by blowing on the Horn Inuhia ; others play on
Mens
Bones kill'd a litdc before : for going by Water they ufe Boats made of
the Barks of
Trees, each whereof being able to carry fifty Men, go exceeding fwift :
The
Urongefi: Men always march before, and as many as they take, whether
Men, Women, or Children, they are all killed and roafted in their toucans.
Their Villages conlift of Houfes of eighty, ninety, or a hundred Paces
long.
thofe that lie near the Enemy are fenc'd with Walls and Pallifado's
againft any
Attempt. Their Field-Battels are very terrible j for as foon as they get
fight of one
nerof Fzghti anothet, they howl like Wolves ; which Tone they raile as
they approach nearer
and nearer, and with their Horns and Pipes make alfo a mighty found j
then fliaking their former Enemies Teeth (which they wear about their Necks) at
one ano.

ther,they cry. That they f^all inwiediatelji fall into each others hands
for Food : whereupon
they throw their Darts at one another, which arc adofn'd with all forts
of Feathers,
and if any one be wounded, he pulls out the Dare, and bites the fame
like a mad
Doa. next falling to their Clubs, they knock one anothers Brains out:
which
manner oF Fighting lafts commonly fome hours before the one or other
Party leave
the Field. All their Prifoners they fatten, and eat them at a Merrymeeting ; at
which when they have Danc'd feven hours together, three Men lead the
Prifoner,
ty'd with aRope made of the Bark of aTree callM Juira, through their
Village,
whileft the Prifoner looking to and again, faith in a fcornful manner
thus unto
them, Ion, do ye hear i I have eaten your Fathers : and to others, I
haVe roafted your (Brother your Hepheli? alfo tafted Very l^ell j my Death ivill he
fuffciently re^engd : Having
carry'd him about for fome time, they p'^it the Rope fo flrait about his
Middle

that

Ciiap. VI!. AMERICA. , ,5

tiiac he can neither flir one way nor other j then they give him Stones
in his Hands,
and lay others at his Feet, faying, Kaw take ^yenge for your Death
before you die : then
he immediately throws at thofe who are neareft him ; and when Scones are
wane*
in?, he throws with Earth : at lad comes the Executioner, adorn'd with
Feathers,
with a black Club in his Hand, and asks, Ha^^e not you at federal times
eaten of our %elitions ^ to which the Prifoner undauntedly anfwers,
^achetantan,ajouca,atou^a'Ve^
that is, Yes^ I am he that ha'Ve eaten feVeral of your Teopk^ and laying
his Hands upoa
his Head;, cries out, how Valiantly did I behave my felf therein ! The
Executioner replies, Jnd therefore fl) all you be kill'd by me, andferVe for Food for
thefe Spectators : Then
the Prifoner anfwers again, What care I, fince I know my Death ivill be
revengd : which
faid, his Brains are dafli'd out, and falling on the Ground, he is
carry'd away by
his Wife (for the Conqueror commonly betroths his Sifter or Daughter to
the Pri-

foner,) who feemingly bemoans the Body, of which fhe hath the firft Cut
when
it is Drefs'd j then the old Women put the Corps into fcalding Water, in
which
they let it lie till the Skin comes off; then the Owner of the Prifoner
quartering
the Body, diftributes it amongft the Guefts j the pieces laid on their
Gridirons
caird 'Boucans, are turn'd by the old Women, who lick up the Dripping,
defiring
the By^ftanders to bring more fuch Food, and with the Blood anoint the
Childrens
Faces j the Meat being broyl'd every one takes a piece, and eats it up
to the Bones,
which are kept as Trophies.
The 'Braftlians do not onely thus plague one another^ but they are
likewife tor "^'"flierb
mented by an evil Spirit, which they call Aygnan and Caagerrel, if
credit maybegi- ^"'"'''^p'"'ven to John Leerim a Burgundian, who relates^ that he hath often feen
them fweat
out of fear, and ftriking their Hands upon their Thighs, cry out, Mair
antouraffap^
acequerey^ Jygnan atoupaVe, that is, my Fool, my CompantGn^ I fear the
DeVtl above all Evils.
Amongft feveral Difeafes to which !Brafile is' fubjed, there is one
call'd fians^ Difeafes pc
being as malignant as the French TO X, proceeding from libinoufnefs, the
whole ^"
Body being full of Carbuncles, each about the bignefs of a Man's Thumb.
Strangers in !Brafile are alfo much troubled with a Giddinefs,
occafion'd by the
cxtream Cold in the Kight ; as alfo with with fore Eyes, which they get
by going
abroad before Sun-rifing, or after Sun-fetting.
The Pallie is alfo very common there, taking. People fo fuddeoly, that
falling
down ftiff on the Ground, they are often in danger of iofing their
Breath.
Beddes thefe there are feveral other Diftempers that very much infeft
Brafile, as
the Bloody^flux, Dropfie, Riling of the Gall, Worms, Meazles, and St.
Jnthonfs
Fire.
The aged braftlians have for the moft part great skill in Herbs, which
they ^5.^ 3^411.
ther in the Woods, and apply them to the Sick both inwardly and
outwardly ^ cSg of feand chiefly they know how to expel Poyfon, None can perfwade them
againft the Jkmpefs'by
Medicines which they have learn'd from their Predeceffors ; nay, they

will rather icd^1';'^

chufe to lofe their Lives than ufe any other : and indeedthey do not
always fucceed ""'*'
amifs, but often manifeft that they underftand the Vertue of Herbs
better than our
European Phylicians. The Learned Guilielmus Tifo relates. That he hath
feen feveral
times in the Army which Grave Maurice fent againft the fortuguefe in
'Braftkj that the
'Braftlians in a fhort time cur'd thofe Wounds with frefli Gums and
healing Herbs,
which the Netherland Chirurgeons judging paft Cure, prcfently advis'd
the cutting
offeithertheArm or Leg of the wounded Perfon. <?i/o adds moreover. That
he
hirafelf us'd fome of Htppocrates's and Galen s Prefcriptions in Wine,
for the curincy
of Cancers and Swellings, which the Braftlians hgivc made well onely
with the Juice
of Tobacco. They alfo in a moment recovered a Perfon piven over by all
European
'. I i i % .

euliartoSra-

urns
fuccefs i!i

; . Mm

Tfieir mnnr.i
th
bcvvailini? the
Utad.

^oo a M E "Kl C A. Chap. VIL

Phyficians, with the ]uice of the Root call'd Jahorandi : wherefore he
always de
fii'd their Company when he went to vifit fick or wounded Men.

The Diftempers in America differ much from the European, not onely in
the Signs
^crof curing qT ^nv Diflemper, but alfo in the Cure for when a
Diftemper cannot be cur'd by
[he Sick, ana 7 I ' r ^ r 1 vt t 1 r
theprefcribed Medicines, a Father or Mother lends tor the Neighbors, to
know if
they can find any means to cure the Difeafe : which Cuftom was anciently
obferv'd amongft the Gree/i^. They alfo ftrialy obferve a Rule in their
Diet, and
take care to keep the Patient out of the Sun in the Day, and cold Winds
in the
'Night : however, if their Fathers and Mothers be lick, neverthelefs
they leave not
off their ufual Dancing and Singing ; but if the fick Perfon die,
efpecially a Father,
they lament and cry over the Corps like Wolves, calling to one another
with a
quavering Voice, and uttering thefe Expreflions, The Jlrong Man is
deceas'd, Tvk
canyd fo many fr'if oners for a hraVe Dinner to his Honje, Oh what a
quick Hunter and
fuht'd Fijhr hath Death hereaVd us of \ we (hall fee him no more till
our Souls are carry d be*
yond the high Mountains, li>here our Valiant fredeceffors Vance in ^ngs.
The Women
make the greateft noife, and in the midft of their howling embrace one
another,
which lafts fix hours, and then they put the Body upright into a Grave
made like a
Hogfhead, hanging about it divers coloured Feathers, and other things in
which
the Deceafed delighted moil when living ; upon the Grave the neareft
Relations
place Dillies of Meat; both Flefli and Fifli, and the Liquor Cauou-in,
that their evil
Spirit caird Aygnan, may be reconcile by thefe Offerings, and not carry
away the
Body 5 but when they remove from thence they cover the Grave with the
Herb
findo. This Cuftom is not obferv'd by all 'Brafiliansy for fome eat up
their deceafed Relations. * ~

The fertility
of Per namhuco.

Sect. XIII.
Grave Maurice his Account of Brafile, fo far as it concerned
the Wefl4ndia Company,
%afile, fo far as it concerns the WeH-hidia Company, extends from the
River
%eal,v\i\i\c\\ divides Seregip^a and the Lordfliip of St. Salvador, to
Maragnan :
^a eg//?/?^' it felf reaches along the Sea-Coafi: thirty two Leagues,
and was
firft brought under the King of 5j7^iVs Jurifdidion by ChriftoVan de !
Barros Cardofo,
who being order'd by the King o^ Spain to Plant this new Countrey,
invited many
People from St. Salvador, who built four SugarMills, and a Town
confifting of
a hundred Houfes, and four hundred Sheds for Cattel ; but the Town being
dcflroyM, hath nothing left but Heaps of Rubbifli -, and the Cattel either
fell into the
^etherlanders hands, or were devoured by Tygers ,- the Inhabitants fled
back to
St. Salvador : Many troubles have prevented the rebuilding of it.
'fernamhuco may for its fruitfulnefs ftand in competition with any Place
in the
World, except in thofe parts where the Soil is fandy and ftonie. The
Fields
feed abundance of excellent Cattel; the Woods, Deer and Fowl 5 the Ocean
and
Rivers, all manner of good Fifh. It is inhabited but eight Leagues into
the Countrey, becaufe the nearer the Sea, the more convenient it is for
Importing and
Exporting of Goods j neither could t\\tfortuguefe,hj reafon of their
fmall number,
fpread theml"elves farther, as alfo in regard they found great
rcfiftance from the
"Brafiltans. The Negro's that work in the Sugar-Mills between the River
Grande
and Francifco, amount to four thoufand. The Cape Verde, Mma, Angola,
Ardra, and
(J^/^/'d/^y'gen'erally provide three thoufand in a year, to fupply the
number of the
Sickfot thofe that run away.
Sect.

Chap. VII.

di

The Councellor Duffeii'i' %jlatwn of fo much of Brafile as concerns

the Weft-India Company.
iHat part of brafile which the Weft-India Company have fubda'd by force
of
Arms on the Continent o^ America , is divided into fix CountieS;, yi:^,
Sere
o-ip^aj^ernamhtico, Itamarica J ^araybaj^io'Grande J a.nd Siara.
The Expedition undertaken by Gyffeling and Schuppe made Seregippa
defolate, the
inhabitants wheofremov'd to the Coaft To^o^ /o5 SdH^05.
Alio Siara^ which the ^ortuguefe formerly pofTefs'd, was thinly
inhabited, and
had a mean Fortrefs there, whither fome few 'Brafilians came now and
then to the
I^ftkr/d/i^eri afliftance.
(pemamhuco, lying between the Rivers Francifco and T^amaricay excells
the other
Countrey in fruitfulnefs and pleafantnefs. The ^rafilians compare it to
a hollow
Rock, under which frefii Water flows.
. Moreover, (Perw^^wteo hath feveral Havens. Vtz* the outermofl: Road
before Se- ^^^^"S**^
cijfay which being in the open Sea, is fomcwhat dangerous, but the
innermoft is
fecure againft all Storms ; alfo at the Promontory St. J^/?we, where
the Mouth
of the Haven is narrow and dangerous,by reafon of the Rocks and fliallow
Grounds;
the Ifland ^/ex/o is very fit to Grain Ships in j Barra Grande hzth a
large and fafe
Inlet, convenient for all manner of Yefiels, yet it is inferior to
Cororipa 5 laftly, the
Havens 7^r^^o4 and Fr^wco are very eminent.
Amongft the Rivers, the chk^ a.tQ J angades , Serinhainj Formofa, ^orto
Qahoy Cama* RJwsj
rigibi J Antonio g Michael, and Francifco.
fernambuco alfo is divided into fix Jurifdidions ; the firft and mod
ancient is
Igara^u ; the fecond and biggeft, Olinda ; the third, Serinhain j the
fourth, forto
Caho J the fifch^ the Jlagoas j and the fixth, ^0 Francifco, which is
the Boundary
of Ternambuco on the South.

T^rw^mkco alfo boafts five Towns, W;^. Garafu, Olinda, Maurice- ft adtj
to ,whic\nov>ns of .
alfo belongs \ecifa, (Bella (pojuca, and Formofa. The Villages Moribeca,
St, Laurence, ^''"'""^''''
Jntonio, ^maro, and others are alfo not inferior to little Towns.
The Countrey is for the moft part Hilly, but is exceeding fruitful in
the Valleys, and near the Rivers, efpecially in Sugar-Canes.
Here are alfo a hundred and twenty Sugar-Mills, of which a great number
ftand
ftill for want of t^egro's,
Nxt fernambuco lies Tamarica, which hath onely one Haven, one City, and
twenty three Sugar-Mills, of which thirty are onely employ^. This Ifland
pro
duces excellent Grapes and Melons^ yet is for the moftpart barren, by
reafon of the
Pifmires.
The Countrey <P^K^;;^^ hath its Denomination from the River which
waflieth
it, being deep, and without any Rocks or Sands ; on the Banks thereof
ftand twenty
Sugar.Mills, two of which are fi:ill Handing.
IntheLord{hipof(l(^r'oGrW^fi:ands theTown^^wtde/, whofe Buildings were
ruin'd in the Wars ; after which the Inhabitants had leave to build them
another
City on a fruitful Soil.
The Countrey hereabouts us'd formerly to be very full of Cattel, but was
not
onely bereavM thereof by the Hollanders and fortuguefe, but alfo for the
moft part
.made defolate. ~ , -

^I^HF"^

lUUiB

<roi U M E "KI C J. \) Chap. Vli,

The River which waflies the Caftle Ceukny affords a con''enicnt and fafe
Harbor
for all forts of VeiTels.
This Lordfliip of '2(io Gz-^^zii? boafts onely two Siigar-Miils, of

which one is de
cay'd ; fo that in allthofe Parts in 'Brafile which belong to the
W^ftJndia Company,
are a hundred and fixty SugarMills conftantly employ 'd, befides forty
fix whkh
are about repairing. It is fcarce to be reckoned how much Sugar they
make yearly,
in regard, through the alterations of the annual Seaions, as alfo the
more or lefs
fruitful Fields, they produce one year, and in one place, more than in
another.
The Inhabitants are of two forts, W;^. free People, and Slaves 5 the
Slaves are
Jfrkan Hegro's^ and the others, NetherlanderSy (portn^uefes, or
'Brafiltans ; which laft
came in of their own accords, or elfe were abfolv'd from their Oaths,
and acquitted from their Martial Offices ; yet are ready to venture their
Lives and Eftates,
and to Serve either on Foot or Horfeback for their Freedom againft their
Enemies.
Thofe that went from the Netherlajids to Brafile on their own Accounts,
drive a
Trade, or Serve the Traders, or elfe keep Inns, and follow Handicraft
Faculties .
fome of which, when grown rich, buy Parts in SugarMillsj others live on
Tilling:
by all which feveral forts of People %eciffa is very well inhabited, and
full of Houfes, which yield great Rents, and are held at high Prices : wherefore
Ora^e Maurice
thought good to mark out pieces of Ground on the Iflc Antonio Faes,
which were
fold for a confiderable Sum of Money, infomuchthat in a fliort time a
new City caird Maurice^fladt was built on the fame, and inclos'd within ftrong
Bulwarks .
yca^ notwithftanding the Rumor of a great Spanijh Fleet in fome mcafure
abated the
Courage of the Builders, yet the City was extended down to the Fort
Frederick.
Henrickj and a brave Bridge laid over the Stream (Btheribi, crofs which
they go from
%eciffa to Antonio Faes, where no People were in greater efteem than
Handicrafts*
men, who could get their ten or twelve Shillings a day. The Labor which
is required in the Sugai/Mills, no Men arc able to undergo but the l^^egro's.
Of the
Tortuguefe fome have liv'd here a confiderable time ; others lately came
hither, being
mod of them JeTby, of whom there live a great many at (?(en^d, and are
very dili
gent in promoting of Trade : They poffefs feyeral Sugar-Mills, and are
kept very
much under ; their whole ftudy and contrivance is for Gain j they

conceal their
Hatred againft the Chrijlians, as alfo their Covetoufnefs, yet are
mortal Enemies to
the Hollanders. The brafiliansj who are the ancient Inhabitants, live
apart from
' other People in their Villages, confifting of long Straw Huts, forty
or fifty of them
under one Roof fleeping on woven Hammocks j they efteem no Houfholdftuff but
Nets and Calahafhes^ ufing the firft to fifli with, and the other to
drink out of j abouc
their Huts they plant Mandthoka and !Brafile Trees ; when they are not
employ 'd in
the Wars, they fpend moft of their time in Hunting, but many in Idlenefs
; they
efteem wild Fruits better than thofe which are Planted j they Drink
night and
day, making their Liquor of the chew'd Root Mandthoka^ or the Apples
Tajoyii 5
they efteem nothing fo much as ftrong Drink, and to wear Linnen next
their Skins ;
they would not value Money, could they but get Brandy and Spanip Wine
without it ; if they are not promised a Reward, they will not work. Each
Village,
nay Houfe, hath its peculiar Governor ; but befides him there is a
Hollander ^ who
ftirs up the Idle to work, and takes care that the Owners of the SugarMills do
them no injury : They never fuffer themfelves to be Hir*d for above
twenty days,
at the end whereof they demand their Wages 5 they are commonly employed
to
chop Wood to boyl the Sugar with j but by reafon of the fcarcity
oilSlegros^ they
are often made ufeof for other Bufinefs, which to avoid they hide
themielves j as
alfo when they are to go to Fight 5 they arc hard to be kept in Ranks,
for they will
run

Cliap. VII. <dt M E%^1 C A. ^o^

run out of their own Fyle into another on the leaft occafion j but if
they put their
Enemy to flight, they p^vrfuc him, and fpare none alive. They little
regard the
Qmji'im Religion, yet fome of them have learned the UrtsJ^rayer and the
Cru^ of
the (2(o?H^ Priefts. The Minifter DaVtl having learn'd the ^rafilian
Tongue, Converted very many of them, and Baptiz'd them in their Villacres.
The ^rafilian Women SLnd Children ufually go to Wars with their Husbands

and Fathecs.
The %-dftltan Slaves were fome years fince bought of the Ta^uyansy or
made
Slaves, bccaufe they abided 'Boude^yn Henrkkf^ion, when he Landed in the
Inlet Tra>
lufon ; but they have fince obtained their Freedom of the fortuguefe%
The Jmolan
Slaves can undergo greater Labor than any other.
The 'Brafile Wood grows generally ten or twelve Leagues up in the
Countrey
from the Sea, not in particular Woods, but amongft other Trees.
TheiN(egro'^, when the Sugar-Mills work not, are employed in pulling
off' the
white Bark, three Fingers thick, from the Tree, which bears dark-green
Leaves,
Imall and prickly at the ends, and hanging on thin Stalks, but bearing
neither Bloffoms nor Fruit.
Ofnabri^ Linnen is highly efteem'd amongft the <Brafilians, as alfo
colburM Wax^
Copper, Tin, Wine, Beer, Butter, Cheefe, Meal, Stock.fifli, Pork, Hungbeef, and
Gammons of Bacon.
The Tapijis Teach and obfcrvc their Religion in publick, their Spiritual
Men
being divided into Priefts and Monks ; the Monks confift of Vrancifcans,
Carmelites,
^nd 'BenediBines '^ the Fr^wci/c^wi being the moft eminent, poflfefs fix
fair Cloyfters,
befidcs which they have neither Land nor other Revenues, but live on
what is given them daily ; their Cloyfters ftand in Frederkhftadt, Iguaraca,
Olmda,fojuca;Serin'
hain, and JntonioFaes. But the Qarmelkes have three Stru^ures at
P^r^;;^^, and as
many more in Frederkk-ftadt and Olinda, where they live plentifully on
what they
reap from Tillage, Rents of Houfes, and Legacies of deceafed Perfons.
The 'Bene^
diHins, though they poflefs onely two Cloyfters, one in Fyedenchjladt,
and the other
at Ol'mda, yet they have thegreateft Income from the Sugar.Mills of
Muferapa, and
the Countrey about ^arayha, as alfo Cattel and Cane-Fields.
%i/^, the Seat of War, hath two Horn works towards Olinda ; the firft
rais'd
with Stone, defends the Haven with feven Brafs Demi.Culverins' ; the
other lies
oppofite to the River Biherl, and hath five Brafs and two Iron Guns,
^eciffa alfo
hath a ftrong Rail about it, and many Guns plac'd in good order. Near

the Powder.ktmfe ftand two Batteries with Guns.

On the Shore towards Olmda, lies the Stone Caftle Sf.>m, on a Hill
oppofite
to the Haven, fortifi'd with a Bulwark and thirteen Iron Guns.
The Water-Caftlc, built round, rifes out of the Sea, and ftands at the
end of
the Stone Cliff, which makes an Inlet, through which the Ships Sail that
come
to, and go from ^c'tjfa.
The Fort Bruine hath four Points, feven Brafs Guns, and Pallifados round
about. ,
Somewhat farther is the Redoubt callM the Lady Brmne, which hath two
Brafs
Guns.
The Caftle Waerdenhergh, built before the Mouth of the River Qapmribi,
in the
Bay made by the River Biberibi, hath three Points, each rais'd fquare,
becaufe the
fourth Bulwark towards JntonkVaes, cannot be finifii'd, by reafon the
Earth is
funk away.
The Fort r^/i ftands on the North-fide of Maurke-fiadt, on the
Ifland-^^tonio

Dc'fcription
ol Mrurice-

Forts ol Brit'

6oA, J M E^I C A Chap. VII.

miio Fae^. That part of the City which refpeds the Fort, lies open, with
Rve
Points and a double Horn.work ; it is the more fecure from any Invafion
becaufe
the Countrey round about is overflow^ at High-water. On the Horn-work
ftand
eight Brafs Guns ; but the four Redoubts along the River Capivaribi are

decay 'd.
The iquare Fort Tnnce William, (landing in a low Ground not far from the
River
Jfogados, hath four Bulwarks, and is inclos'd with a high Wall and
ftrong Pallifa^
do's : the Church appearing above all other Houfes in the Caftle, may be
feen at
Olinda,
Maurice.ftadt lies pleafantly along the River merihi, and is wafliM
behind by the
Kiwcr Capivanbi- It hath a large Wharf, a brave Magazine, a fr^c^
Church, and
a Guild-hall : The Buildings are not altogether fo high as thofe in
^ecifa, where
they are commonly three Stories, becaufe the Ground is very dear.
GrayeManrice's Comt lying oppofite to <^edffa, on the Shore of ^herihi,
rifes
from the middle of a Garden with two high Towers.
Not far from the Caftle Erneftm is a Potters Kiln, and on the other
fide, near the
Fort Frederick Hem ickky en Wells, and fome.Moralfes, and towards the
Waterfide, a Stone Battery,
The Fort Ormige at the Southern Mouth of the Haven, hath, by reafon of
its dry
Moats, a ftrong Pallifado, four Bulwarks, and twelve Guns. The Bulwarks
about
the Church, and the Battery before the Haven, alfo fecures Schuppenftadt againft the
fortuguefe. On the Battery ftand nine Iron and two Brafs Guns. At the
Northern
Entrance of the Haven appears a Tower with three Guns.
The Fort Mar^areta hath two Brafs and forty Iron Guns.
^ejlrmga, furrounded with Pallifado's, rifes near a fandy Point in the
middle of
the River.
The Caftle Jntomo,wa(h'd by the Sea, hath onely one Tower, but that
fufficiently ftrong to defend it againft an Enemy.
The Franafcan Cloyfter, ftrengthned by a Wall and Earthen Wo^ks, ferve
in
ftead of a Caftle to Frederick-pdt^and is the more fecure by reafon of a
Half-Moon,
Moats, Rails, and a Battery at the Mouth of the Haven.
The ftonie Fortification of Cc/^ lies near the Sea. All thcfe are the
Fortrefles
of the Northern !Br^y//e. ;

To the Southward o<[%eciffa appears the Promontory St. Auguftine, where

the
Haven is fecur'd by the Forts Vander Duffen, Vomhurgh, and a Stone
Battery.
^orto Caho is fortifi'd by a Caftle, built on a fteep Hill forty Foot
high.
The Fort Kr/Wc^ Commands the Ferry of (^^o Fr^wci/co, and is built on a
high
and ftccp Hill, with five Bulwarks ; the lowermoft Plain is overflow^ by
the
River in the Summer Seafon. The Store-houfes hereabouts are ill
furnifii'd, and
if not fuddenly fupply'd, 'tis to be fear'd, that a great Famine will
follow, 'as already it is begun, and we may thank the faint-heartednefs of the Enemy
that ic
harh increased no more.
The Milttia is diftributed into all the Forts or Villages, that fo they
may the better procure their Provifions, watch the approach of the Spa?ilards, and
prevent all
Incroach-ments of the Enemy. In Maurice Caftle are five hundred and
forty Men
m Garnfon j in the Jfogados^ two hundred ninety three j in Qamarigihi
and ^orto
G/Vp,fourhundrcd and eighty 5 mSerinhain, feven hundred and eighty ; in
fojucay
twenty five; in the Mills fantcrra, ninety fevcu; at the Promontory
Antonio, two
hundred and forty; in the Caftle Vander Vujfen, a hundred and feventy ;
the like
number is in Awaro and Monbeca in the Village St, Laurence, four
hundred and
twenty two ; in the Fort Trince William, two hundred and fixty three ;
in Frederick
Hefirick,

/.

^H

mm

s.m>

,..>

Sifci., ;-*

c^

^mmtm^

6o<

a
r
c
le
d
o
le
It
al
at
ea
ne

;ar

ace
, ! )Uta
i had
en*
: 2esj
one
was
I hree
the

iates.
>ond
in a
lalf.
e oF

)ver,

ii

y..:^

x'3S.-:-5-i'- '#-'

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'*&:*>.

SiSi-S-;''-

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ile
as
ee
be
id
\ a
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ii

6o<

I and eighty ; in
ndrcd and twenty
three j in Orange^
in Frederick' Jladt,
ty ;. in the Caftle

Siara is defended
jndred and eighty
Sea ; tiay, had he
Id long fince have
y from (^adis, carjght from St, SalTortupiejesj and a
as oreat a number
ra, contrary to the
ay Todos los Smcios^
impanies into the
, the Mulatto's and
:, becaufe they go
them. Moftofthe
the Soldiers want
rey in a continual
it : Eighteen great
nit thither, the Sea
nd-hand, that none
t deliver any Sugar
11 thence,
pany In 'Bra file ^ was

X, and a "Banice.
ik a pleafant Palace
ntonio Faes ; the out**
Coco-Trees, and had
ne fide, a fecond en*
ar it a Garden, curic of !B^A.i^o"i^^-Trees ^
large Stable, on one
Garden, wherein was
:e Grapes every three
.ime=Trees. On the
)W of Pome-granatea
lace was a Fi(]i=pond
lear the Fort Emeftus^

r in a Fiflipond in a
', which like a Half:wo Towers, cue of
Moreover,

./j //

'^"^.f- ^.i

:^p.. V ii* - ^ M E 'K. J C J. ^'05

Henrtck, liachtvvo hundred a-nJ thirty j in Emeftm, two hundred and
eighty ; in
(I{eafa,\^o hundred and feventy feven in the Caflle :Bm;ie, a hundred
and twenty
five''; \aOlinlt, a hundred and ninety three ; m I^^r^^<i, ninety three
j in Orange,
a hundred and eighty two ; in Goyana, a hundred and fixty five ; in
Fredenckftadt,
a hundred and one ; in the Fort UargareU, three hundred and fixty -. in
the Caftle
feuhn, eighty eight j in Jntomo faes lies Oraye Maurice's Guard ^ Siara
is defended
by iorty ; To thai the whole Power coniifts of fix thoufand one hundred
and eighty
Me 1, too' weak a number to refiftthe Enemy both by Land and Sea ; nay,
had he
hac Courage, the Weft-India Cotnpanies Concerns in ^raftle would long
fince have
bee ^ in a low Condition ; for the Spanift? Fleet which came lately from
C^dis, carryV; three thoufand Men, befides feven hundred which they brought from
St, Salvador- the Duke of ^agnola w&s alfo ready with two thou fzndfortuguejes,
and a
thcLifand ^rafiltans, to joyn with the Seamen, and expeded alfo as great
a number
fro n farayba, fernamhuco, Seregi^^a, Itamarka,(^o Grande, and Siara,
contrary to the
Oath taken in (I(ecifa : But the Spamfh^ka keeping clofe to the Bay
Todos los Santios,

harh hitherto done nothing, except the fending of fevcral Companies into
the
Countrey, to rob and pillage the ^Brafiltan Villages. Moreover, the
Mulattos and
nc<rros do great mifchref up and down, and fo niuch the moire, becaufe
they go
and tome along private Ways, through which none can follow them. Moft of
the
Ships being badly fitted, are fcarce able to keep the Sea; and the
Soldiers want
Clothes exceedingly. The City St, Salvador keeps the Countrey in a
continual
Alarm, fo that five thoufand Men ate required to conquer it: Eighteen
great
Ships, 'and as many Ketches, befides ieffer Velfels, ou^ght to be fent
thither, the Sea
being full of Pyrats. The common Treafury is fo much behind-hand, that
none
can receive any Pay, The Owners of the Sugar-Mills will not deliver any
Sugar
without ready Money, becaufe of the ?{^r/;er/Wfr5 removal from thence.
This Relation of the Affairs of the Nether land Weft-India Company in
'Brafile, was
delivered to them in Writing by rWer Dw//"^.

A T>efcriptionof theTalaceVrtyhuvgh, tm bridges, and a "Ban^

quetting^houfe, all built by Grave Maurice.
(^^ve MauricehdoxQ his coming away from 'Braftle, buik a pleafant Palace
along the River 'Biherihij before the Fort Ermftti^ on Jntonio Vaes ;
the out*
moft Work whereof was fhaded by a double Row of Coco-Trees, and had
a Pond full of all forts of Fifh ; and not far from thence, on one fide,
a fecond encortipafs'd a Coney^Warren^ which refpeded a Pell-mell ; near it a
Garden, curioufly divided into xownd^ arterresy which led into a long Park of
S^UoVe/i-Trees
and at the end a great Dove-houfe. Next the River flood a large Stable,
on one
fide whereof was a Field to whiten Linnen in, andaKitchin^Garden,
wherein was
a large Spot full of Orange-Trees, a row of Vines, which bore Grapes
every three
Moneths, and a delightful Walk, befet on each fide with Lime=Trees. On
the
other fide of this Palace ftood a Banquetting-houfe, near a row of Pomegranace
Trees, and another of Fig and CittronTrecs. Behind the Palace was a
Fi(]i=pond
with two lies, for the Swans. A Dove-houfe alfo appeared near the Fort
Ermftm,
where the N^^ro'^'watch'd theHorfes, and led them to Water in a FiOipond

in a
large Wood. Before the Palace appear'd a Stone Pallifado, which like a
HalfMoon ran into the River, The Palace it felf rofe with two Tovvcrs, one
of
which fervM for a Seamark,
Moreover,

Grave J^faurice his ftie]y

Bridge over
the River
Siterih.

A M E 'B^I C A Chap
Moreover, C-Aive AfW extended his new City to the Vonhdcnck f/ / V
v^^deJ the Mor.ffie Grounds by feveral Moats, and laid a Bdd.T Ifs ^1'
'
m.r6, between l^aff. and the Cuy Maur.ce, and another crofs fhe S LLt ""
nh, between the faid City Mmrue and the Main Land. '^"''
In the time when Mu^unliuc Govern^ S.^yJ/e for the King oi Spm, it was
nif
puted arnong the ?...,./., whether it were not requifite to^dcfert the
C.tTo/W
and canfing the Inhabitants to remove to ^..,^.,joy' the fame wuh a Br^
Je t ^
Ifle ^ Vacs, becaufe thofe Places are almoft invinc.ble, and much mo
e con
ven:ent i^ar Sh.ps than OMa ? But the HolUnden furpris'd them on a fuddr
befo^:
the^jfes ^"^ ^'^ '"'"'' ' ^^'"^' ^"^ ^^'" ^ -'''^ profecuted the Wolt
GM>f A/.n fpent twenty four thoufand CuUders in layin- a Brid<T. -., l
Rivers...,., between^.,/, and ^... Va.s. Hav.ng rl '5 lliVJlt
Columns from the Ground, they came to the deepeft pan of the Aiver 21
r .
when the Architeft began to defpair of accompl.Lng the fame b aTfe J'
Ground lay deep under Water, and the Stream ran very fwift Thrfe'
wh .h ^ ^
effca .i tlat there ... Mve ten tUufani 'Pound already fpent in Vain on
fifteen tZ".

Houfes m ^affa who forefaw that many would remove ffom thence to the
plea
fane Ifle Anton. Vaes.. foon as the Bridge was finift'd , after which th
Ho fe f
%,//. would be at low Rates. But Craye Maur.ce judging that the Dif.race
wouM
fa 1 upon h,m, if the Bridge ,1,ould be left half finik'l, c!us'd at h i
Tw p" ^p^j
Charge huge p.eces of lafting Timber to be cut, forty and fifty Foot
Ion, and ^^
ramm d ,to the Ground, fome ftreighc, others floaping, to fupport he
r'e J and
>n two Monet s finilh'd the fame. On the firft da'y air thL' n"; Br g'e
wa
compleated, there went lo many People over it, that the Toll which they
p^
amotmted to above 6o 1 Sterl. and was after that Farm'd for twenty eighf
c W
Jnd G,/J.. yearly, a Ct.zen that pafs'd over the fame bemg to pay !d
.nil
Ne^ro or Soldier i d. but a Horfeman paid 4 d. and a Cart or Wayn 7 d
Smce thrs G..>e Maurke built a fecond Bridge crofs the River
Cafivariii, which
joyn dJnton,oFae^ to the Main Continent. This Bridge being efohty fix
Rods
long of durable Timber, was finift'd in feven Weeks. ^
HP,w Moreover G..v.M.n built a pleafantBanquetting-houfe, calFd
.,.vv?., at
h.s own Charge before the fa.d Bridge, from whence he could fee the
Palacf C
^#, OhM the Fort >./, Mauriee-fiadt, ^cffa, the French Church, the
Ships
m the Harbors, and alfo the Caftle Mer.k Henruk. This Bancuettin.-houfe
hath at each corner a Turret, and in the middle thereof a fpacious Room,
crown'd
With a hir Terrace. -. . x >

Another over the River

Citpivaribi.

houfe Ben
"vfta.

CHAP.

>1il

mi

IB , 'J>o7nxLS Scayi/la.. fzvt. 3ont. ytfus

'G . Cu'lrum. CrrteftL .
H . Cafb-um, T^r^J . '^nricv .
X , ^'tiyes ^>ru corttertt^t

'^7

" .mril

a if.

m^

'\..c;^

;J i

U-->.J

1-0

^gmt.ii 'B'ii

Tra''

d'oy

ttnUj Situation and

hDefcriptioa
C of Gufatiif.
irer
hat
fy
I the
pof
ith,
de43,
i

rtti
h a
)0I1
vel
jail
imra
j or
pd,
jrld
\lla
lefe

the
of
eat
all
I
ich
I in
irs
fH
pe
by
d,
iid

h-

>

;,r XI

/
";

':
\

--"-:-' V

"i
^ c

^,

V^^^^''\A

Chap. vni.

<iA M E%_1 C A.

6oy

CHAP. VIII.
Guiana.
* . -
Northward of !Sr^yj/^, overagainft Maragnan, lieth the Countrey of
Gwww^, situation .nd
not improbably fupposM to be fo call'd from the River Wta, one of
iht^tcSaZ
principal Rivers of the Province, which yet is faid to have more and
fairer
than any other part oi Jmerka befides : It is by fomc call'd The Wild
Coaft^ for what
reafon is uncertain, it being found to be a very fruitful and pleafant
Countrey :
It is Bounded on the Eaft, vi'ith iht Atlantkk Ocean^ or Mare del ]

S[ordt - on the
Weft, with fome undifcover'd mountainous Countreys, which lie on that
fide of
the Jndes ; on the North it hath the great River Onnoque j and on the
South
thzt o^ the Ama:^ons, ot Orellana '^ which laft Name, as we have faid
before, it derives from Francifco Orellana, who is faid to have firft difcover'd it
in the Year 1 542.
It was anciently called Tobo, Topoi, and Taper a.
This Countrey lieth on both (ides of the Jlquator, extended from the
fourth
Degree of Southern Latitude^ to the eighth Degree of Northern, yet enjoy
eth a
temperate and good Air, not opprefled with any excelTive Heat; which is
chiefly
attributed to the Breezes, or Eafterly Winds, almoll perpetually about
Noon
blowing upon it. Towards the Sea^fide it is for the moft part a flat and
level
Countrey, in the more Inland parts mountainous and fwell'd with Hills,
but in all
it is generally of fuch a rich and fertile Soil, that for Fruits, or any
outward Commodities of the Earth, it yields not to any other Province of the New
World, hut rather far excelleth the mofl:, having as it were acontinual Summer,
without Winter or Autumn, the Trees never uncloth'd or made bare, Fruits always
ripe, or
growing to maturity, the Meadows and Pafturcs always verdant and green,
and,
as we faid, fo excellently well watered with Rivers, that no Countrey in
the World
fcems comparable to it in this refped:^ But fince the feveral
Occurrences of Orella:>
nas Expedition will give much light to the more particular knowledge of
thefe
Parts, we thought good to infert this following Relation thereof.
Sect. II,
^"KjUtion of the pumej of Vx2LVici{co QYtW^i-igi^
Francifco Orellana travelling with Gonfaho (pt^arro from Quito, to find
out the
Countrey Cundirumarca (where the Natives, according to the information
of
a fl:range Jmerican, went Arm'd with Golden Plates) he came after a
great
deal of hardfliip to the River Maranon, where fi:^arro building a
Brigantine, put all
his fick and maimed Men into the fame, as alfo all his Baggage under the
Command o Orellana, whom he commanded to forage for fome Provifions, of
which
the Army, that was to follow along the Shore, had great want ; but

Orellana was in
few days driven down fo far, that he faw no hopes of getting up again in
a years
time, and Engagd daily with the Indians, which came aboard of him in
little BoatSi
at lafl: he went afliore and conquer'd a Village, in which he found
Provifions,fome
Gold, and Gems of great value : not long after which he was in great
danger, by
reafon of a River, which with great force fell into the Channel in which
he SaiFd,

>i

^oS ^ J M El^ICA Chap. VIII.

and for the fpace of two hundred Leagues faw neither Man nor Houfe :
Next Landing at a Village, he was by the Governor thereof Prefented with Turtles
Par'
tridges, Fifli, and other Provifions, and alfo forewarn'd of the valiant
WomJn the
Jma^ones, which they calFd Ca?napuyara. Going from hence, he met for
eighty
Leagues together, nothing but fteep and craggy Mountains on each fide of
the
Shore, mfomuch that he could not Land any where for Provifions. Next
coming
to the mhabited Province Machiparo, he was fiercely afl-aultcd for two
days and
two nights, by the Cafique Jomagua, who purfu'd him with feveral Boats
Not
long after having conquer'd a Village, out of which ran feveral trodden
Paths into
the Countrey, he came to a River, in the Mouth whereof there lying three
Ifles he
gave it the Denomination of La Trinidad, which waflieth a fruitful Coaft
along
which SailM divers fmall VefTels. Somewhat farther in the River Trinidad
dood a
Village and Banquetting-houfe, where Orellana took abundance of
Provifions Silver, Gold, and Earthen Ware curiouflyGlaz'd and Painted, but judged it
very ha
zardous to travel far into the Countrey by the common High.ways,in
regard of the
multitudes of People that frequented them, to whofe Civility he
durftnottruft.
therefore Sailing from hence a hundred Leagues farther, he came to the
Countrey
bclongmg to the Lord of <Paguana, who civilly Entertain'd him, and
Prefented
him with Sheep, not unlike the feruvians, and all manner of good Fruit,

which the
Countrey affords in great abundance. After this on his Lar-board fide he
difcover'd a River, whofe being black like Ink, and difemboguing into
another, difco.
our d the Water thereof for the fpace of twenty Leagues . he alfo faw
feveral Villages, and at laft found the Stream to be fo broad, that he could not
fee from one
Shore to the other : he took one of the Villages without any refiftance,
there being
none but Women in the Huts, whither the Men came towards the Evening.
Near
another Village he efpy^d feven Heads kicking upon Poles, from whence
the Province receiv'd the Denomination De las Ticotas, from whence ran feveral
pav'd
Ways on each fide planted with Trees, into the Countrey; where Landing
he
furnifli'dhimfelfwithA/./^, Turtles, GecCc, and Parrots, and at a
Ifland took
^njmmcan Prifoner, who inform'd him, that he was in the Jma^ones
Jurifdidion,
and that up in the Countrey liv'd a People not unlike the Sj^^mW.,
amongft whon^
were two white Women, brought thither up the River by a Lord. Going
farther
he faw divers Villages on each fide of him, and at laft Landing in a
little Town
he found plenty of Oats, Liquor made of Oats, Cotton, Linnen, a Temple
hung
round about with Arms, and two Epifcopal Miters of divers colours. Near
a Promontory jutting out into the River, the Tide went fo ftrong, that he was
not able
to Land J upon the Point flood feveral fair Buildings, where were alfo
white
Women, of a big ftature, with long Hair, who animated the Men to fight.
This
Countrey, which extends itfelfa hundred and fifty Leagues along the
Shore, with
Hills, Pafture.Grounds, and Champain, and well inhabited, being
difcover'd on
St.JohnsD^y, was callM The (proVmce De San Juan . which leaving, he came
to feveral Ifles, the biggeft whereof extended fifty Leagues in length, all of
them ftandmg on high Ground, pleafant, and full of People, who in Boats, by them
call'd
Tertagues, valiantly Engaged wkh the Spaniards ; but one of them not
long after bemg taken Prifoner, inform'd them, that the Jma;^ones dwelt in Stone
Houfes, Wall'd
Towns, had plenty of Silver and Gold, and four ftately Temples enrich'd
with
Plates, Dedicated to the Sun. But Orellana Sailing a hundred Leagues
farther,along

a Coaft belonging to the Lord of Caripuna, according to the Prjfoners

Relation, the
Inhabitants hereabouts fhot abundance of poyfon'd Arrows at the
Spaniards, but
they made a fliift to efcape them, and Sailing within fight of Land into
the Bay
of .

4
0\
V 1

'111*''

IN^AS S O V 11, ^

A . .Jr.x

B , I>ctnus ^diri/is

C . t^itfri/iirti , JeJcj

m5

"TfT'"'!!

I> . '^^I'c! tn. jlntLofu. fi^'i^

X . ^ILvre

6og

cer tncy

if Com* Th'j ExF.f

h uon of 0e ob- /,j.
Temrijf
nd two,
'Br a file ^
lack of
is Ships
two he
*dly bewhich
here he
A^nchor
t three
iri time
his bell
e fpent
es : the
id Qon^
th there
jo weak
|d Shan't'
Ore liana,
ifcribe
jich difa
^'Colour
lin Har-

j with a
'fall the
|m wafli
t called
. feparaIthe Fort
^JpeboM,
'. feveral

He dies with
Grief.

Leonard sk waiter
-''rovmce f.jhn to dic' . cover Toofhi very CU hery Prul '
i vmce.
lountam "
ed with
life the
Co Diaa
confiils

f ith the
fame

n^t'

Chap. VIII. A M E%,I C A. 6og

oifaridj they came to an Anchor before the Ifland Quhugua, Anno 1 541 .
after they
had been eight hundred Leagues.
Orellana informing the Sliaiilp Court of his Adventures, defir'd the
chief Com^ th, Exp^-;

mand of the Province of the ^ma^ones^ which after earneft SoUicitations

he ob=

tion. ot
lann.

tain'd, and accordingly fetting Sail from St. Lucar, he went to the
liland Tmerijf
with three Ships and five hundred Men^ where he ftay'd three Moneths^
and two.
on Capi de Ferd, On Temrijf feveral of his Men ran from him, and on Cape
de Verd
he bury'd ninety eight, and left fifty fick behind him ; yet he Steer'd
lo^rafde,
where, meeting with contrary Winds, he had undoubtedly perifli'd for
lack of
Water, if the great Showers of Rain had not fupply'd his Wants_, one of
his Ships
carryincT feventy Men and eleven Horfes,was never heard of, with the
other two he
SaiTd by 'Bay:os de Sm^oque, and from thence a hundred Leagues
Northwardly beyond MaragnaUy where a great way off at Sea they found frefli Water, in
which
Orellano Steering, got between the Ifles into the River l)e las
jima^nes, where he
Bartered for Provifions, Sail'd two Leagues up the River, and came to an
Anchor
before a few Huts, but flendevly ftor'd with Provisions, where he fpent
three
Moneths in breaking up one of his Ships, and building a Ketch. In the
mean time
fifty feven of his Seamen dy'd. Sailing twenty Leagues farther, he loft
his befL
Ship whereupon he gave order to build a Barque of the Wreck. Thus he
fpenc
thirty days in vain to find the foremention'd Arm of the River
Ama^^nes : the
Barque being finifh'd in ten Weeks, and going beyond the Ifles Marihtque
and 'Qoiu
tarij found the three great Rivers to difembogue into the River
Jina:^oiies^ which there
was twelve Leagues broad j but wanting Provifions, and the^Men being too
weak
to go farther, they came back to the fruitful Ifland Comao, where a
hundred Spaniards fetled themlelves, the rcfl going down with the Barque to find out
Orellana,
^ o c ^ A ' j-Ie dies with
who, as his Wife inform'd them, dy'd with Grief. . Grief,

The Englifh and lS[ether landers, who Sail'd hither after the Spaniards
left off, afcribe
a Breadth of fifty or fixty Leagues to the Mouth of the Jma:^o}ie
Kivcrj, which dir=
charges its Water with fuch force into the Northern Ocean, that it keeps
its colour
and tafte above thirty Leagues, according to the ocular teftimony of
Captain Harcourt. The Weffcern Point, by the Netherlanders czll'd The North Cape,
runs with a
long Slip of low Land into the Sea, into which more North-Wefterly fall
the
Streams Taponnowyny, Jrowary, Jrykary, Qaffepouri, and Wiapoca 5 fome of
them wafli
great Wildernefies full of Trees 5 others glide between pleafant
Meadows.
Eighty Leagues up the Ama^^one River the VluJ^tngers have built a Fort
called
T^alTaWj on the narrow Ifland Cogemims, which is twenty Leagues long,
and feparated from the Shore by a Creek, and feven Leagues farther, on another
Ifle, the Fort
Oran<ye from which two Forts they Trade with the Natives, Arowaccas
and JpehoM,
bartering European Trifies for Tobacco, Cotton, Sugar, Gums, and feveral
Tinctures.
Sir Walter ^leigh, Anno 1595. fending Captain Fi/7?er itomWiapoco to
Leonard sir waiter
%agapo, fome years before Baptiz'd in England, and then Governor of the
Province J^fto^'^"''
Coojhehery, lying between the j4ma:^one River and Wapoco, he received
Fifur very ci r,7p?J
villy, and conduced him fifty Leagues up into the Countrey, to the
Mountain
Qo^poh^ on whofe top is a deep Pool, full of well tafted Fifli, and
furrounded with
the glittering Stones Topa:?;^ ; which '^leigh took the more notice of,
becaufc the
fame Ground in the Eajl-hdies where thefe Stones are found, inclofes
alfo Dh^
mon'ds. Moreover, the Province Coofjebery rifes with pleafant Hills, but
confiRs
moil in delightful Fields and Woods.
The Rivef Jrocawo, falling into the l^AttWiapoco, difembogues alfo with
the
Kk k fame-

(illcover Coojhi
bery ]

vince.

WJ

The T.tps.

The Marajhc
veaccas.

The Hi%rr'i'
thiahans.

6io ^ M E%1 C A. Chap. VIII.

fame between the Capes Orange and Comarihoo, into the Northern Ocean.
MoPc of the Rivers in Guiana lie full of Ifles, and cannot be Navigated
far, by
reafon of the great Water-falls.
The layosj who inhabit on the Banks of the fore-mention'd River, are
People of
a good Difpolition, and go naked : they catch Fifh after a Grange manner
j for
they onely throw the flrong fmelliog Wood Jjiaw in the Water, which
works fo
upon the Filli, that they futfer themfelves to be caught with the Hand.
The well*
known JmericanKoot Qjfavi few ts them for Bread, being bak'd in round
Cakes
on hot Stones : of the Cakes they alfo make the Liquor ^errtnoe^ which
taftes almofi: like ftale Beer, and is prepar'd by old Women and little Children,
which
chew the Cajfavi, and Ipit the fame into a Pot full of Water, which

having flood
a while, they drain the fame through a Cloth, and fet it a working with
PotatoRoots.
They are troubled with no Vermine, not fo much. as the little Fleas
N/j<w '
by the Spaiitards call'd Chigos, which creep in between the Nails.
On the Sca-Coail are many Tortoifes, whofe Flefli is of a delicious
tafte, but
heavy to digefta
Sheep and Oxen will not thrive here, but Swine would thrive exceedingly,
if
their Dugs were not bit off in the Night by the Bats.
The KivetWiajJoco hath many dangerous Water- falls^ the one much higher
than
the other ^ a little way beyond the firft of them the Stream Jrmy falls
into Wiapoco,
Three days Journey Weilerly dwell the Mar ajhew ace a^, whofe Ears hancr
down
on their Shoulders . they worOiip for their Deity, an Image reprefenting
a Man
who fitting flat on the Ground, with his Legs flretch'd out, leans with
his Elbows
on his Knees, and holding up Kis Hands, gapes and flares up towards
Heaven.
North- Weft [romWtapoco rifes the Mountain Gomerlho, which produces
Mai:^
Tobacco, Cotton=Trees, and Vines,
In the fame place the Creek Wainary runs Weftwardly with frefh Water a
days
Journey into the Countrey ; and from the faid Creek a high Mountain, fit
for the
produdion of Sugar and Tobacco, extends it felf tothe River Jpurii?acaj
where the
Wiopocaries inhabit a great Tradt of Land.
North-Weil from Wiapoco flows the River Jpenpac^uCj whofe mountainous
Shores
bear 'Brafik Wood and wild Cinamon. The Stream it felf takes its
original out of
a large Lake, in the middle whereof lies a three^-corner'd Ifle. SouthEaft from the
Lake dwell the Harrithiahansy beyond whofe Countrey are the Rivers
Cauwo^ Wia and
Cajani. On the Banks of the firft dwelt, Juno i<^p6. according to the
Relation of
Laurence i\eynm, a People call'd Jaos, driven by the Spaniards from
Moruga^ and who
formerly poffefs'd the greateft part of Guiana ; they diftinguifb
themfelves from
other People^ by pricking their Faces full of Holes with the Tooth of a

Beaft not
unlike a Rat : But at preknt, the Jaos being departed from hence, the
Countrey
lies defolate.
TheWtay which fprings a great way up in the Countrey, hath a wide Mouth
and near feveral Idands convenient Harbors : The biggefl of the Ifles,
inhabited by
the Shehaios, is full of Provifions, >/^. Fowl, Fifli, excellent Fruit,
wild Hoas, and
other Beads.
The triangular Iflcs, lying more Wederly, are alfo very fruitful, but
not comparable to GoiDatery. So far as the Coafl: extends it felf with high
Mountains, it is
overgrown with iBr^y//e Wood, but the lower Grounds produce Cotton,
Pepper,
Silk, Balfam, and the Root If wp^j/"^, tailing like Ginger^ and
exceeding good againil
a Lask, or the Head.ache. .
Before

Chap. VIII. <^ M E X^I C A. 6n

Before the Mouth of G;4;2? appears the high IdandAfdrroo;';;,
fiirrouncled by the
iefler Ifles SaJinalDony^ Epenefarij and Eponeregemeri^.
Between the Rivers C^/^m and MiccdWrj, lies the low Ifland
i\r<:c?^ro, out of
whofe Center rife two Mountains, and which is inhabited, as the Main
Coaft by
Caribheeans, whofe General Jna-^kary fhcw'd great fricndftiip to the
2s[etherlanders :
They obfcrve no certain Laws for Government ; Adultery and Murder they
punifli
with Death ; they arc very tyrannical towards their Wives, who for the
Icaft ad
of incivility have their Brains beat out ; they efteenci one another
according to the
number of their Wives, the eldeft of which performs all
HoufholdOffices.
The Carihheeans are accounted to have been the firfl Inhabitants of this
Coun. cmiheans
trey, for xhtjaos, Sappaios, Jrol\?accas,zndfaragotos, were driven
hither by the Spa^tltlTili.
niards from Trinidad or Oromque. ""'*'
The wild Carihheeans live farther up into the Countrey, and often fall
with great
rage upon the other j but fince the Netherlander s have furnifli'd them
with Arms,

they have not been fo much molefted by them.

Beyond MacaVia lies the River Caurora\ which is very narrow and deep .
and next ^^^^^^\
in order the Rivers Manamonary, Sinamary, Cunanama,Juraca, Mawary,
Jmana, and MaralDyny, full of Ifles, and four Leagues broad at the Mouth ; along the
Shore grow
little Trees, whofe Leaves wither as foon as touched by Mankind, but
revives
again within half an hour.
Next follow the Rivers Sorrenam, Sorrenamme, Copanama, Marateca, and
Curetiny^
where the Netherlanders, by virtue of a Patent granted by the States
General^ drove a
Trade for feveral years.
Somtvjhzt fa,Ythcj: thQ (Berhice, Jpari,Maycaii?im, Maheycaj Mirara 2ind
EJfekehe, difcharge their Waters into the Ocean, twenty days Journey from their
Spring.Hcad,
where a great Lake (by thcjaos call'd The %oponol^im, and by the
Carihheeans, farime)
fpreads it felfa great way j and on its Northern Shore hath the
TownMdwoa,
Along the River Ejfeheke is an excellent fort of Wood, the Dye callM
Orellano, and
abundance of Cd//4l;i : In the Mouth of the River alfo lies the Ifle
Ottow^.
Laftly, hamcen EJfeheke and the great River Orinoque, glide the Icfler
Streams
Iwapoi^ Tauroma, Gayni, Morula, Ammacoura, and ^arima, before which lie
feveral
namclefs Ifles.
Qmftopher Qolumhus^ in his third Voyage to the Wefl-Indies, difcover'd
the great The Difco^
IflandTnwiJ^J, where before the Mouth of the BiyFalkna he was in great
danger, Ss^Lgut
as alfo the Ship Commanded by Jlonfo de Ojeda, by reafon of the Waves,
with which ^^^*''"^^'^"
the great River luyapar, otherwife call'd Orinoque, coming out of the
High-lands of
^aria, falls into the Sea, which made him call the faid Mouth ^occa del
Drago . fo
that Columhm, Anno 1 599. difcover'd the Main Coafl: of America to the
Northward
of Guiana, as far as the Promontory Ve la Vela, before Jmericus Vefputim
. whither
"Diego de Ordas Steer'd with three Ships, Mann'd with four hundred
Cajlilians, in the ^''^'. ^'^'^ '
Year 123 1 . and before Gmana took four Qarihheeans Prifoners in a
Qanoo, and finding rSitm. ^
an Emerauld about them as big as a Man's Hand, they informed him, that

up the
River was a Rock all of fuch Stones, and a Mountain on which grew high
Trees,
yielding ftore of Myrrh ; but the ftrong contrary Tides and Water-falls
prevented
Orda^ from going thither ; and being troubled at the lofs of one of his
Ships, he
ran along the Shore to ^aria, and took the Fort which Antorno Sedenno,
Governor of
Trinidad, had cafl: up there, and left the Command thereof to 'juan
Gonfahe^^
Ordas pretending that Sedenno had built it contrary to the Emperor's
Order, and that
he had made Slaves of the Natives. Martin Janne^ Tafur ftay'd in the
conquer'd
Fort according to Ordas his appointment, who went up the River Ormoque
noE
V K k k 1 withoBg

41

ninie Oi tall.

6iz a M E 'Kl C A. Chap. VIH.

without great hardfliip ^ for his Provifions were not onely (liort, but
he was tormented in the Day by the MufchitoeSj and in the Night by the Bats j at
lafi: coming
to a Village Commanded by Ftapari, he was kindly Entertain'd, which made
Ordiis
contrary to the will of his Men, who would willingly have pone farther
into the
Countrey, (lay there all the Winter j but as foon as the rainy Moneths
were over
Orda4 went farther up the River Or'moque, where his Ship was ftavM
againft a fandy
Shelf, which forc'd him with two hundred Foot and forty Horfe, to travel
along
the Shore, where he was much fcanted of Provilions^ and for forty days
together
met none but a few poor wild Fifhermen, and at laft ftopt at an unknown
River
which fell into the Or'moque. The Guianim Guide whick Viapari had given
Qrdas
advis'd him to go along the Shore of the new River, becaufe ic would

lead them to
a well Cloth'd and rich People : But Ordd4 went along by the River
Oronoque till
he came where the Water falling from the Mountains makes it fo terrible
rough
that Ordas his Velfcls, which were Toed along, were not able to be got
any farther
fothatafter two hundred Leagues advance, he was neceflitated, by reafon
of the
fore==mention'd Waterpfalls, to go aboard and Sail down the Stream : His
Men being weary'd with fo troublefom a Journey, forfook him on the Ifland
Cuhagua,
which made him return owex Hifpaniola to Spain, where not long after he
dy'd with
Grief.
donofXti: ^^^^ unfuccefsful Expedition ofOrdas no way daunted Hteronimo
Ortall from profecuting the fame Defign ; for fetting Sail from St, Lucas, Anno 153 3.
to the Fort
which Orda6 had taken from JuanGonfahes, he Steer'd from thence over to
Quhagua,
to fetch fome Men, and fent the Lieutenant Alonfo Herrera with five
Ketches, carrying two hundred Men, the fame way which Ordas had been. Herrera coming
to the
fore-mention'd Water-falls where Orda^ returned, caus'd his Veffels to
be unladen,
then Toed them by meer force over the Water^falls, where he difcovet'd
plain
Fields without any Inhabitants, extending themfelves to the Mouth of the
River
Meta, where he quitted his Veffels^ and with no fmall trouble got over
MorafTesand Pools to the fruitful Countrey of the Xaguas^ a People both cruel
and valiant
whom after aOiarp Conflia: vanquifliing, he became Mailer of their
Village, iri
which he found plenty of Provifions, asalfoin another neighboring Town,
where
his tir'd, and almoil ftarv'd Army began to take Breath, being
exccedinojy refrefh'd with the delicious Meat of a fort of wild Dogs, which were
herein great
abundance. Having fpent the Winter Seafon here, they were often fet upon
by
the Cmhbeeans, by whofe poyfon'd Arrows feveral of them being fliot,
dy'd Difl:raa:ed,and amongft the reft Herrera himfelf j after which his
Succeflor Aharo Oy
J4i returned to the Veffels, which were left at the Mouth of the River
M^r^, from
whence he Sail'd back without any other fucccfs, the Delign being to
find out the
Golden City Manoa^ on the Banks of the great LakcTarime,

^ot \on^ 2ihcr Teter Hermande;?ide Serpa undcvzook the fame Work with
three
hundred Spamards, feveral 'Braftlians and l^egros ; but before he could
reach the River Or'moque^ he wasdeftroy'd by the falvagc People Wtkiri, eighteen of
his Men
onely efcapingto bring the news of this fad Difafter.
^tter de Orfua following the footfteps oi Gonfaho ft:^arro, went to feek
for Gold
in Gmana j but being kill'd by Lopes Jgira near the J?fja;^one River,
that Expedition
alfo prov'd fruitlefs.
With the fame defireof finding Gold in Guiana, Antonio ^erreo went from
7^^1>
GrdWd thither 5 but being taken by Six Walter Q{aleig}?, was interrupted
in his Defign^
^'"^^^- however, he gave him an Account of his Adventures, fo far as he
had aone, V/;^!
That he went to find out a Way along the River Cajfanor, between "New
Granada,
and

Is foliOw'd
by Herman
ics and others.

Rtrvto's Relation of his

Adventures
to Sir Walter

Ghap. VIIL A M E'S^I C A.

and ISlew Guiana, went from Caffanor to the Stream M(iU, and from thence
to O/7.
?20^?, where he was in great danger, by reafon of fiiarp Rocks, over
which the
Stream flowing, waflies feveral Ifles ; That he fpent a whole year
before he came
to the Litmofl; Borders of .A^p^w near whicli he loil feveral of his
Barques,and
on the Shore, not onely divers Horfes, but alfo many of his Men, who
either dy'd
of hardfliip, or were kill'd by the Natives with poyfonous Arrows, fo
that fixty
of his Men were kill'd in the Countrey o( Jma^aia, which extends along

the River
Orimque, befides a great many that dy'd there by drinking the Water,
which was full
of poyfonous Animals, and glided over a flimy and muddy Ground, which
made ic
thick and troubled : Six Moneths he ftay'd in the Countrey Jmapaia,
where he
made Peace with the Inhabitants of Jnehas, who gave him ten curious
Images of
ma/Iie Gold. The Ki\ er Orinoque is about four Leagues broad here, and
about
feven hundred Miles long, before it fall into the Ocean, and is every
where enlich'd with the Waters of many Rivers which fall into it from the North
and.
South: He added moreover, that he endeavored to go down Southerly to
Guiana
but was prevented by fteep Mountains, and therefore went on Eafterly
till he
came to the Countrey Emeria, where he found a courteous People, and
plenty of
Provifions ; that the Governor of Qaripana, being about a hundred yeai;s
of age,
had a long time Conversed with the Chriflians on the Iflands Trinidad
and Mar^areta, '
and Icarn'd a Form of Civil Government ; that Sailing down the River
Orinofue
between many Ifles lying at the Mouth of the River to Trinidad, and from
thence
to Margareta, he took fixty Men into his Service j but that he himfelf,
being tir'd '
with fo great a Journey, and fl:aying to refrefli himfelf at Trinidad,
fell into the
hands of another Party of the BigUjh ; that before he was taken he fent
feveral of
his Men to Caripana, to find the King ofMorequito^ who three years
before had been
with abundance of Gold at Cumana and Margareta, and informed a Spaniard
call'd
Ftdes Co much concerning the Golden Countrey Guiana, that he obtain'd a
Patent at
the Spa}tijh Court to difcover Guiana ; but that Fides, jealous that he
might be there
before him, had not onely incens'd Morequito againfl: him, but fo
inftruaed him,
that he fuifer'd his Men to pafs through the Countrey to fetch Gold from
the City
Manoa, and as they returned, fet upon them and flew them on the Borders
of Jro^
maia, together with a Monk that was in their Company, one Man onely
efcaping
by whom being informed of the Murder, he immediately fent divers
Soldiers to
take Revenge oC Morequito, who flying to the GoYQrnor Ftdes, was
ncverthelcfs, upon his demanding him in the King's Name, delivered to him j and
notwithfl:and-

ing he proffer'd a great Sum of Money. for his Ranfom, was cruelly put
to Death .
but not fatisfi'd with that Revenge, he over.run all the Countrey of
Jromaia, took
Uoreqiiito's Uncle, call'd Topia-H^ari, Prifoner, who bought his Life
for a hundred
Plates of Gold, and fome Precious Stones ; That Lifting many Men in
Spain for
the Gold which he fent thither, he Row'd with Barques up the Rivers
Barema ^Pattroma,2LndDejfequebe, where he bartered Trifles for Men, Women, and
Children,
of whom he made great Sums of Money on the Ifland Margareta,
This Information which Sir Walter (^leigh got from his Prifoner ^erreo,
made
him deflrousto make an Expedition to Guiana j to which purpofe he fent
Captain
George Gifford with a Ketch and a Barque to the River Capuri, where the
Water fell
before the Veflels could get beyond the Sands in the Mouth of the River.
John Vonglas had better fuccefs, being likewife fent out by Sir Walter
Raleigh, for
he with his Boats found that Orinoque had nine Arms to the North Sea,
and feven
to the South, which embrace divers Ifles, of which thofe on the right
fide are call'd
^allamos^ and thofe on the left, Horotomaca. The Mouth of the River
gapes a hunKkk 2 dred

61^

6ij^

J M E'R^I C A Chap. VIII.

dred Leagues, On the fore-mention'd Ifies dwell the Ti7/n>^j a modeft
People
who fpeak a bald Language 5 in the Summer they live under the open Skie
upon
the bare Earth, and in the Winter (being there between May and
September) on the
tops of the Trees, becaufe during that time the River Onnoque rifing
thirty Foot
higher, overflows all the Ifles thereabouts, which are very^high and

mountainous.
Bui <^aiei^h himfelf Rowing up the River Jmana, endur'd great hardfliip,
his Men
being moil of them fweltred with the Heat, and great want of Provifions
and had
not their hidia}i Pilot fliew'd them another Stream much eafier to
Navigate he
would have been forc'd to return fuccefslefsj but being ftor'd with
Provifion out of
a Village built along the Shore^, he chafed four Canoos, of which he
took one, and
alfo an Jtii^acca^, which in fifteen days time brought him into the
River Orimque
where he faw the high Mountains o^ Guiana ; afterwards Anchoring before
a fair
fandy Bank, which lay near the Mouth of three Rivers, he took abundance
of
Tortoifes, and was furnifli'd with plenty of all forts of Provifions,
fenthim from
the Governor Toparimaca, who inhabited the pleafant Village Jrowocay,
built on a
little Hill, furrounded with delightful Gardens, and Fields tilled by
the Negro's .
who accommodating (J{aleigh with an experienced Pilot, he fet Sail with
a frefli
Eafterly Wind, and Weftward faw the Ifles AJfapana, twenty five Leagues
long, and
fix broad, s.nd Jw ana, of the fame bignefs. The River Orinoque hath
here thirty
Leagues in breadth, and receives the Rivers Jrrawopana and Europa : He
Sail'd next
by the Ifles Ocaywita and futayma, oppoflte to which on the Main Land
appears the
Mountain Oecope, whofe top reacheth the Clouds ; on the right fide a
Plain Countrey difcover'd itfelf a vafl way, which the Pilot faid was cMdTheTlain
of Say ma,
extending Northerly a hundred and twenty Leagues to Cumana and Caracc^^
inhabited by four forts of People, W;^. the Saymas, JjfaiVays, Wtkeries, and
Jroras ; which
laft, being a CoaUblack People, us'd poyfon'd Arrows. (Raleigh paffing
between
the two Mountains Jroami and Jio, came to an Anchor near the Ifland
Murfcoltma,
and from thence into the Haven Msrequito, where the Kin^Topiawari, a
hundred and
ten years of age,brought all forts of Fruit,Poultrey,Fifli and
Fle(li,and gave him an
Account of the Condition of Guiana, yi:^. That the whole Countrey from
the Mountains Waccarima to fem^,bore the Name of G/d/2^,the Inhabitants calling
themfelves
Orinoque font . on the other fide of the faid Mountains lies the
fpacious Valley
Mariocapaiia, where the Guianiatas refide. Southerly the Oreioms and
Epuremei, who

coming out of a fl:range Countrey, have dcftroyM the ancient

Inhabitants, leaving onely the Maaawaqueri and Ca[iipagoios, The Epuremei built the
fl:ately City Macure^arat^ there. But %,leigh going on his Journey faw the Ifland
Catama, and came
to the Mouth of the River Caroli, whofe ftrong Current he was not able
to ftem,'
wherefore hedeflr'd Aid from Wanuretona, Governor of G//n'.7, who
furnifli'd him'
with Provifions, and Men to Toe him up thefore-mention'd Stream j and
informed
him that the River aro/i, which fprung out of the Lake C^/?!/?^, was'
inhabited on
one fide by the Iwaramkeri, and the Lake Cajsipa by three powerful
People, "p/^. the
Cajitapagotos, Eparagotos and Jra^l?ogotos, all mortal Enemies to the
Spaniards : whereupon Raleigh fent fome of his Men thither, who return'd with great hopes
of findingrichGold-Mines. The fore-mention'd Lake alio produces the Rivers
Aroi,
Atoic a, and Caor a, near which dwell the fii^^//;^;2oww, who have
neither Necks nor
Chins, but their Mouthes juft upon their Shoulders. Towards the North
the River C^ri falls into the Omo^^r, and on the Weft the Stream L/two ;
between both
which the Cannibals vcCidc, whoie Metropolis call'd Acamacart is Very
famous for
their ftrange way of Trading j for there the Women are brought to
Market, and
bought by the Arwaccoi : But becaule great Showers of Rain fell daily,
and the
Stream

Chap. VIIL < A M E K t C A, ' , 6 is

Stream C^ro/i glided downwards with exti^ordinary force, Raleigh
returned to Moreo
quito '^ from whence Tntimaj King of JVarapan)i, conducted him to a rich
Golden
Mountain in his Countrey, and along the Rivers Maua^ Oia?ia, and Cumacd,
to the
place where the Ono^e divides it felf into three excellent Streams,
the chiefefi:
whereof, call'd Cararoopam, waOics the Province Emeriaj out of whofe
Mountains
the K\vc^?>Waracayarij Coirama^ ^ka?mi, and Iparoma, glide to the
Northern Ocean ;
as alfo the JraturijJmacura, 'Barima^ Wana, Morooca, ^aroma^and Wyni^
all Branches of
the River Orinoque : from whence (Raleigh returned home to England.

Not long after he fent Laurence i\eymes and Thomas MaJJiam back to
Guiana :
l^ymes found out all the Rivers between the Ama:^ncs and the Onnoquej
and Mapam
the Stream Wiapoco j from whence both returned without any farther
fuccefs.
After this the Bufinefs lay ftill for a while, in regard Sir WJter
^alewh being rto= ^'''' ^^''"^'"'
gether with Grey^ Qohham^ and the (^o?^///? Priefts, JVatfonSLnd Clark)
found guilty of ''"''"".'^^.^^"^
High Treafon,was Condemned to die ; but being Reprieved by the King, was
kept a
Prifoner in the To^/^er for the fpace of fourteen years; during which
time he wrote a
Defcription o^ Guiana-^ which the King perudng^ was fo well pleas'd with
it, efpe=- .
cially fince he undertook to make out by fevcral Reafons, that England
might make
it felf Mafter of divers Gold=Mines there, to which 5p4/ could lay no
manner of
Claim, that he difcharg'd him outof Prifon, and permitted him to make a
fecond He h ReExpedition' ! Whereupon with tQn Ships, Anno i 617. he fet Sail for
Guiana again ent again to
1- r>i'll- e> 1 in ^ r e^ i 1 ' Guiana,
bemgtolsd with divers Storms, heat lalt came with nve Sail to the River
CalUana^
where he fell dangeroufly fick, and therefore fent Captain K^eymes with
five Sail to
the River Oriwo^we, to condud the Men to the Gold^^Mines ; each Ship
carrying
fifty Men,, and the other Captains hdn^farhr^ North j Thornap, and Sir
IValter Raleigh's Son. The Spaniards having a Garrifon at Orinoque j fir'd very
fiercely at the
Englijh, who fuffer'd great damage, and amongft divers others, Captain
%aleigh him
felf was flain, whileft the other five Sail lay near the lOand Trinidad,
under John
Bennington's Command, who daily fear'd the SpaniJJ? Fleet. But I(eymes
found it
very difficult to Land in Orinoque, by reafon of the Banks along the
Shore, which
Diego de Balameque (torn Puerto Rico keptlirongly guarded,- therefore
going to aa
even Shore with intention to Land, he was fo fharply received by a Body
of Spanifh
Mufquetteers, that divers of his Men were mortally wounded ; yet
breaking in
amongft them, he went towards the Gold-Mines, to which the Way led
through a ^
Wood where the Spaniards lay in Ambufcade ; but he judged himfelf too
weak to
do any good upon the Mines, one of which belong'd to feter ^drigo de

'Parama, a
fecond to He rV i a?io Front ino, and the third to Vrancifco Fafr?ardo :
The EngUp alfo
were fearful, by reafon of the Spaniards Cruelties^ who not long before
had fiay'd
feveral Merchants alive; fo that I{ey me s contented himfelf with
pillaging and burn- 52^7
ing the Town St. 7honm, which the Spaniards had deferted. Soon after
which BSadeT
Captain Whithy ran away with a Ship from the Fleet, whilefl E^eymes
returned back
to Raleigh, who laid feveral things to his Charge concerning the
unneceiTary Expence and fhame of fuch an unfuccefsful Voyage ; which fo wrought
upon /^^i?/?^^,
that he offered to lay violent hands on himfelf in his Cabbin, At hn^^th
Raleigh
returning to London, was accused by the Spanifh Ambalfador Cundamor for
the burning St, Thomas, urging that his Mailer refented it fo ill, that he
threatned to wage a
War with England i^Raleigh was not Executed ^ who notwithilandina he
alledg'd,
That the Spaniards fiiew'd the firft Ads of HoftiiiEy againO: the
Englijh, who onely
defended themfelves ; and that 5^ !r/;o;^i was burnt without his
knowledge or '
Order ^ and that l^ymes had not obferv'd his Command io the difcoverin^
of the
Gold^Mines, (which Apologies w^ere generally Jook'd upon as real Trachs)
yet
the

ml

6i6

A M E F^ I C A.

Chap. VIII.

1 he temperature of the
Air.

The Nature
of the Inbabirants.

the King efleeming the Peace with Sj^ain cf 'more value than one Man's
Life;,
without taking notice of Gundemor's Accufations, commanded that the
Sentence
formerly pafsM onhim forTreaion fliould be Executed, and accordingly in
the fix^
tieth year of his Age he was Beheaded, difcovering himfelf, by his
Chriftian Behavior and ProfelTion at his Deathj to be a far other kind of Pcrfon than
what the
World had cenfur'd him to be.
Since this lafi Expedition of Sir Walter Raleigh , we find not that
there hath been
any great Refort or Trade unto this Countrey, except by a few
T^etherland Mer*chants, who have yearly fent eight or nine Ships to the River Otinoqus
for Tq^
bacco.
As for the Air or Climate oi Guiana , it is very differing, for about
the Ama^one
River, dry Weather begins about Juguft\ and the windy and rainy Seafon
about
February ; but Wedward towards OrinoquCj the Summer takes beginnina in
OFioher
and the Winter in April 5 the Days and Nights are almoft of an equal
length, and
the difference of Heat and Cold is but littlco
Burning=FeaverSi Dropfie, and the Jawnes^^t^xoy many People here which
laft
is not unlike the fOX, and proceeds from carnal Copsilation with the
Guianian
Women, who are naturally fubjec^ to this Difeafe.
The Inhabitants are divided into feveral forts, the chiefeft whereof
being the
Qaribkes go naked, covering onely their Privities with a Lappet. The
Women
though yellow, arc very comely 5 and both Men and Women paint their
Bodies
with NettOj which grows on little Trees in Cods : They make Holes
through their
Nofes, Lips and Ears, and hang Glafs, Bells, pieces of Copper, or any

other Trifles
that they get from the Englifh ^nd Netherlander s^ in them : About their
Necks, Arihs
and Legs, they wear Strings of Beads, or Cockle-fliells,
Their Houfes with low Roofs, ferve them onely to fleep in the Night
upon*
Cotton Hammocks, for in the day-time they fit under high Arch'd open
places, that
the Wind may blow full upon them. Their Houfhold^duffconfiils of Earthen
Pots and Diilies neatly painted. They live in Tribes or Families
together in a
Town, which is Governed by the eldeft of them j and their Militia is
Commanded
by one that is able to endure moll Stripes with Switches without any
fliew of pain.
The chicfeft of their Families have commonly three or four Wives,
whereas others
are contented with one. The Men feldom do any toilfom Work, but make
their
Wives do all, infomucb that as foon as a Woman is Delivered of a Child,
(lie mull
immediately go about her ufual Employment, whileft her Husband lies
lozelKng
out his Moneth on a Hammock.
Their Language founds not unpleafantly, but is hard to learn, becaufe
many
words differ but little in the pronunciation^ and yet have quite another
fignification.
When they march into the Field againft their Enemies, then the General
fends
a Stick to all the Villages under his Jurifdidiion, on which are cut fo
many
Notches as there are Days appointed before he intends to fet forth,
which they cut
out again as the Days expire, and on the lafl they repair to
the.appointed place.
A not much unlike Cuilom they obferve in all Promifes and Bargains for
they
give one another as many Sticks as they defire Days to perform the fame
in, and
^o throw away every day one, till they have onely one remaining, and
then they
begin to think of performing their Promife or Bargain.
They know no word whereby to exprefs any greater number than Ten
Twenty they exprefs by laying their te'n Fingers on their Toes, and all
that exceeds Twenty, they compare to the Hairs of their Head, crying Ounfa
atpara.
Some

Chap. Vlll.

^ M E%^1 C A.

Some of the painted Cmoos made of the Trunks of Trees, will carry five
or fix
Tuns.

6\*l

In their Wars they ufe Bowes, poyfonM Arrows, fliort Truncheons of

fpeckled nar man-

Wood, and Shields full of carv'd Images, and Fight without any Order.
They go ^"^
upon no Defign but in the Night, and upon certain advantages. All Women
and "'^'*
Children which they take Prifoners, are fold for Slaves, but the Men are
cruelly
put to death.
There is but little of Religion that can be afcrib'd to thefc People,
onely that
fome fliew Reverence to the Sun and Moon, which they believe are both
living
Creatures ; but they make no Offerings to them.
Their Funeral-Feafts for great Perfons are ftrangely kept, W;<. all the
Men making themfelves Drunk with the Liquor (parranoro, Dance three or four
days one
after another, and he that drinks moft, and is worft Drunk, gains the
greateft Honor, whileft the Women lament and mourn for the Deceafcd.
Their Priefts, call'd feeaios, are in great efteem amongft them, bccaufe
they pre- "
tend that they Converfe with the Spirits IFattipa and larakin, which the
Cukniam exceedingly fear, apprehending themfelves often beaten black and blue by

them.
The feealos alfo profefs themfelves to be Chirurgconsand Dodors, but if
they
cure not their Patients, they go in danger of their Lives, unlefs they
fpeedily get
away. '
They burn their dead Bodies, together withthofe things the Deceafed
affeded
moft in his Life-time. A Prince or Governor alfo hath his Slaves put to
to death
at the time when he is burn'd, that they may ferve him in the other
World.
TheG/4);i-Root prcfs'd, boyl'd with Pepper, dry'd and bak'd on hot
Stones, Their Breadferves the Natives for Bread. -"*'
Each Grain that is Sow'n here produces in Harveft above fifteen hundred.
Their Corn makes wholfom and well tafted Beer^, call'd (P^/w^, and of
their
ftamp'd CaJfaVi they make the Liquor Tarranoii?,
In hollow Trees, and Caves under Ground, they find abundance of Honey 5
and
their Vines afford them excellent Grapes twice a year.
No Plant is ever feen here without either Leaf, Bloffom, or Fruit,
except the
European A^^lc^r tec, which never changes its nature, but bloffoms and
bears Fruic
at the fame time of the year as in Europe.
The wild Hogs fohkiero, whofc Navels grow on their Backs 5 and the <p4?
i^k^
not unlike our Swine, afford the Inhabitants excellent Food.
Here are alfo Water-hogs, of a very delicious taftc ; but becaufe they
are very
apprehenfive, and dive at the leaft noife, they are feldom taken.
The Woods are full of Baboons and Apes,as alfo the floththful Beaft JL
The Hares here, being of a brown Colour, with white Specks, and the red
Rabbets, are accounted great Delicacies.
There is no Countrey in America, which breeds greater Jrmadillo's than
Guiand^
fomeof them weighing eighty Pounda
Here are alfo Bears, which live on nothing but Pifmires ; they have long
hairy
Tails, with which they cover their Bodies in rainy Weather ; they put
their

Tongues a Foot deep into the Pifmires Nefts, and fo pulls them out.
The Tygers here are either black, fpotted, or red but the black exceed
the other
in cruelty, yet are feldom feen near inhabited places ; the fpotted and
red devour
abundance of Cattel, but will feldom fet upon a Man, efpecially in the
day-time.
The Woods arc alfo full of Land.Turtles, which the Inhabitants take, and
keep
till they have occafion to make ufe of their FleOi,
- ' The ' "

ii

di8

Bivds.

Fifii.

i>.

Vermiij.

. J M E%I C A Chap. VIII.

The Eaoles that are here with their Claws, Engage with thofe that go
about to
take them.
The CatamoLintains make fuch an exceeding noife at a certain hour^ both
in
the Night and in the Day, that it is heard two Leagues off.
The Marmosets, a little Beaft, biting the Catamountains and Apes in the
Ears

forces them to leap from one Tree to another.

The black Beaft Quotto hath a Face like an old Woman, and hanging by
the^
Tail, fwings from one Tree to another.
The Cujcary is a brown four-footed Creature, about the bignefs of a
little Dog
but hath the iliape of a Lyon.
Moreover, Guiana produces Teal, Geefe, Grains, Phefants, Partridges,
Pig^eons
Marlins, Snipes, Falcons, Plovers, and Parrots of all forts, befides
manf'other
ftrange Fowls ; amongft: which the chiefeft are a fort whofe Feathers
glitter like
Scarlet, and walk along in Rank and Fyle like Soldiers.
The Sea produces abundance of Turbots, Soals, Thornback, yellow Salmon,
Sturgeon, Black-fifli, Gurnets, Crabs, and Oyfters.
Amongft other Fiflies, ihz Qaffoorw a, which is fomevA^hat bigger than
an Eel, is
very ftrange, having two Sights in each Eye, of which it always holds
one above,
and the other underneath the Water when it fwims.
Here are alfo the great Fifhes call'd 'Manati zu^ Num-eel^ by which if
any part of
a Man be touched, it immediately becomes ftiff.
There are iikewifc divers Vermine, which trouble the Countrey Guiana,
among
which are Serpents of thirty Foot long, that come out of the Water and
feed on
the Land ; they do little hurt, as not being poyfonous : but there are
many of a
leifer fize, whofe biting is lo venomous, that it caufes the Flefh of a
Man to rot in
twenty four hours time : others there are which have forked Tails, and
Tusks in
the Roofof their Mouthes.
The Crocodiles here alfo devour abundance of CatteL
l7sSpioL The Scorpions, which are black, and refemble a Lobfter, breed
under dry
Wood or Corn . their Stings are hid in their Tails, with which if any
one be
touched, he is fure to endure an intolerable pain, but without danger of
lofing his
Life for the prefent, yetnothing can perfedly cure the fame, except the
Scorpion
kiird and laid on the Wound.
The Bats here are as big as Pigeons, and they fuck the Blood of Men and
Beafts fo gently, that they feldom perceive the fame.

The Pifmires alfo do great mifchief, efpecially in fandy Grounds and

like wife
the Mushtos, whofe Scings caufe painful Swellings ; but thefe moft of
all trouble
them that inhabit near the Sea fide on low Lands, infomuch that the
Fiflier-men
bury themfelves in the Night in Sand, leaving onely Holes to breathe at.
Frogs and Toads alfo make a terrible noife here, and efpecially after
Rain.
The Soil is inferior to none in the World, for the produdion of Sugar j
but the
general Commodities of the Countrey are Flax, Cotton, Hemp, the Berry
Jnnoto^
which Dyes an excellent Orange colour, another Berry which Dyes a deep
Blue, ,
a Tree whofe Leaves Dye a Red, and the Wood of another Tree whofe Juice
Dyes
a Purple and Crimfon.
Moreover, Guiana produces the Gums Lemma, 'Barattu, and Qarriman, which
being black and prickly, fmells very pleafantly, and cures the Head-ache,
Bruifes,
Pains in the Limbs, Gouts, and green Wounds. The fame operation hath the
Gum Parana.
Here are alfo good Sena, Bolm Aymmm^ Qnj^ia-Vifi.ula, Tnya^LemntA, the
Berry

Commodities of the
Countrey.

AmaKJiusSi

Chap. VIIL U M E%^I C A. ^j^

i<^km, very efFeaual againft the Bloody-flux, the Juice of the Leaf U^u,
which
cures the Wounds of poyfon'd Arrows, and a fort of fomnifcrous Apples,
whereof
the lead biteoccafions a deadly Sleep.
There is alfo a Tree, generally growing about the Houfls of the Natives,
the
Boughs whereof bruis'd between two Stones, and thrown into the Creeks of
deep
Water full of Fifli, caufe them to fwim above Water upon their Backs.

The Letf^r-Wood, called rtra timimre, turns alfo to a good account, much
more
the excellent Stones, Jafper and Porphyr.
Nor are there wanting Gold and Silver-Mines, which doubtlefs would yield
great profit, were they open'd.
The Grain of the Couotrey grows on Stalks feven Foot long,on the tops
whereof
hang two Ears full of Kernels as big as Pcafe, which ripens in four
Moneths.
The Sugar-Canes, being of the bignefs of a Man's Arm, and about fix Foot
long, are at the years end cut off, broken and prefs'd in a Mill ; after
which the
Juice boyl'd in Copper Kettles to a certain Subftance, is put into
woodden Tunnels, fquare at the top, and narrow at bottom, with a fmall Hole, which
is open'd
as foon as the Sugar is fufficiently hardned, to let out the Syrrup .
after which it
is put into Hogfheads, and fo Tranfported. '
The liegro's which are brought from Jngola and Guinee, are fo cruelly
us'd, that
they oftentimes through defpairdeftroythemfelves.
The whole Countrey of Guiana is by feveral modern Writers methodically
divided into thefe inferior or leffer Provinces, i. (^o de las Jma^ones. 2.
Wtapoco, or
G/^;irf, properly fo caird, 3. Oremque ^^ and 4- The Iflands of G/W/4.
(^0 delas Jma^ones, or the Countrey of the Jma;^ones, contains all that
part of io' ^e i^
Gutana which lieth on both fides of the River Ordlano, of a rich and
good Soil, gene- ''^
rally, abounding with all forts of Fruits, and efpecially with thofe
which the
^mmV4/u call Tofo^, and love it extreamly, out of an opinion, they fay,
that it excites them to Venery, whereunto they are of therafelves but too much
inclined .
and another which they call fita, of a tafte far more delicious and
pleafing and
not fo hurtful as the other. The Countrey was firft difcover'd by the
fore-mention'd
Frandfco Orellana, a Spaniard from Quito, but it was oncly by the River
Orellam and
though he be credibly reported to have Sailed no lefs than eighteen
hundred
Leagues down the Stream, and to have difcover'd a rich and fair Countrey
on both
fides the River, well peopled with Natives, and giving in divers places
no fmall
Arguments of greater Wealth and Riches more within Land ; yet fuch was
the bad

fuccefs of his lecond Endeavors, and likewife of thofe that followed

him, as is evi
dent from what hath been before related, that, as yet, there feems no
firther Report to be given, at leaft not of any thing fpecial, concerning that
part of the
Countrey.
Wtapoco, or Guiana, properly focall'd, taketh upthemiddle part of.this
Province - .^.^^^.^^
bemg divided, as the other', almoft into two equal parts, by the River
WtapocJ "^^^^^^S^
Which runs through the midft of it. The Countrey on both fides of the
River is
very rich and fertile, and fo naturally apt, both for Sugar.Canes,
Cotton.Wooll
and Tobacco, that they are faid to grow here (all of them very good)
without
Planting, or any art of Husbandry. In this Countrey likewife (hould be
the famous Vorada, as the Spaniards call it, or Qty of Gold (if it could be
found) with the
reports and hopes whereof fome of our own Nation feem to have been not a
little
polTefs'd as well as the Spaniards : nor can we much blame themjfor if
the Stories of
It had prov'd true, it muft have been one of the goodlieft and faireft
Cities in the
World (not to fpeak of the Wealth.) Diego de Ordas, the Spaniard of whom
we have
\ . ' ' lately ' ,

WiapCcS, of

Ml

Orimgutl

1
*

^xo AMERICA. Chap., IX.

lately had occafion to make frequent mention of, being reported by fome
to have
traveird one whole day, and half another in it, before he could arrive
at the King's
Palace- which yet muft be fuppos'd to have flood but in the midft of the
City.
Places of lefs Magnificence, but more Certainty, are i, Qarl^o^ which
was once a
Colony o^Engli[h, fetled there by Captain (^hert Hanourt, Anno 1608.
upon the
Banks o^Wtapoco^ and not far from the Mouth of it 5 being a place, by
the advantage of a Rock, which it hath on the one fide of it,of great flrength
and very difficult accefs- the Air about it found, andfaid to be very agreeable to
En^liJJ? Bodies.
2. Gomariho, a Colony formerly of the Dutch, on the NorthWefl fide of
the Bay of
Wiapocojhut fince deferted by them. 3. Woyemon, 4. Crewinay, both of
them Towns
of the Natives, not far diflant from the other.
OrinoquCj or the third Divifion of this Province^ comprehendeth the mofl
Northerly parts o^Guianaj lying upon, or towards the Banks of this famous
River : a
Countrey likewife reported to be very rich, and comparable to ^eru it
felf for hidden Treafure, which, they fay, is not yet difcover'd, onely for want of
diligent and
induftrious fearching The Places in it already known are onely i.
Contolahay as
they call it, which feems to be fome Town of the Natives, lying a few
Leagues diflant from the Orlnociue^ towards the South. 2. Morequito, a known Port
or Haven.
Town upon a Branch of the Orinoque, much frequented, and of great ufe to
the E?i^^
up? when they difcover'd thefe Coafls. 3. Wenkafora : and 4. St. Thomas^
the onely
Town which the Spaniards hold upon this part of the Continent, fituate
upon the
.principal Channel of the Orinoque, and confifling of tw^o hundred
Families, or
thereabouts : It is now a fortifi'd Place, and was taken by Sir Walter
Raleigh, in that
unfortunate Adion of 1 617. above related more at large.
The Iflands that belong to, and are commonly reckoned as parts of
Guiana, are
either fuch as lie fcatter'd about the Shore of the Province, or fuch as
are found at
the Mouth, and fometime far within the Channel of thofe great Rivers,

which empty themfclvesat feveral parts of this Countrey into the Sea, yi;^.
Orhioque, Wlapoco,
(^ode lasJma:^ones, Sec. There are many of them, but of any great name
orefleem,
onely two, yi:^, Trinidado 2Ltid Tahago, the Defcription whereof we
fhall here omit,
as having already taken notice of them amongft the Sota'ventiznd
Carthhce Iflands.

Iflands belonging to
Quiang.

.<^^

CHAP. IX.
Paria, or New AndaluGa-

Situation and
Defcription
of Nova Ati^
dalnfia.

W,flward o( Guiana lieth the Countrey o^faria, fo call'd from its chief
River : It hath alfo the Denomination of Keip Jndalufuj but for
what refemblance with Jndalufia o^Old Spain, they do not tell us.
This Countrey lying as it doth, brings us back again by the Eaflern
Coaft to
the Ifihmm or Strait, which, as wc have often faid, joyns the two parts
of the Continent oi America together, at leaft to thofe Countreys that lie next
upon it to the
South, Vt:^. the Kingdom of Granada, 3cc. It hath on the Eafl: Guiana,
and thofe
Iflands which lie about the Mouth of Orinoque 5 on the Weft, the Gulf or
Bay of
FencRjiela, with fome part of the new Kingdom abovefaid j on the North
it is
wafli'd with the Atlantick Ocean ; and on the South hath fome Countreys
yet un*
difcover'd, toward the Jndts The whole confifteth partly of Continent,
and
partly

Chap. IX. <!j: M E %^ I e A. . 6ii

partly of Iflands near adjoyning to it, and is commonly divided into
five feveral
Precin6ts or Parts, which are i,Cumana i: yene;^mla, being upon the
Continent.
2. Margareta. 4. Quhagua^ tWo Ifiands above-mendon'd, famous for Pcarlfifhing
and laftly; fome lelTer lOands.
'^ Sec t. IL
Cumana*

CUmam is bounded Eaftward with the Gulf of ^aria and the River Orinoque
j ^^^^^^ ^^^
on the Weft, with Fenei^uela -^ Northward it hzth the Jtlaiitkk -, and
on SlSi^
the South, thofe undifcover'd Countrcys above mentioned j extending a
long the Northern Ocean, overagainft Margaxetdj two hundred Leagues or
more,
as fome fay, in length, and not much lefs than a hundred in breadth.
The Coaft of this Countrey, as well as of the Iflands Margareta and
Cahagua, hath
formerly been much fam'd for the rich Trade of Pearls and Pearl-fifhing
j which
failing, its principal efteem now is for an excellent Vein of Salt,
which they dig
here as out of a Mine, and gather it naturally made ready to their
Hands, not half
a Mile from the Sea fide, on the back fide of the Promontory or Cape, by
fome
call'd ^unto de ^raya^ and by others for this reafon Cape de Salman,
Places of chiefeft confideration here, are i. Cumana icfelf, a Colony of
Spaniards Towns and
Places of
feated on the Banks of a little River two Miles diilant from the Sea,
where it hath note.
a good Harbor,
2. St, JagOj a very ftrong Fortrefs, which the Spaniards of late years
have built,
for the defence and fecurity of the Salt-works againft the T>utch^ who
began to
Trade much that way, and in the Year 1612. had a Defign to have made
them=
felves Mafters of the Place.
3. St. SMichael de ISleyeri, another Fortrefs of theirS;, ftanding upon

a River
bearing the fame Name.
4. G^i^4, a Town of the Natives.
This Countrey of Cumana, being generally infefted with terrible
Crocodiles^
hath a large Inlet call'd Cariaco, which flows fourteen Leagues into the
Countrey.
The Men of this Countrey wear Cotton Cloaks, and aoointiog their Bodies
Manners ana;
' *- Cufloms of
with Gum, ftick the fame full of Feathers. thsPcopic.
When they go to Wars, or to a general Feaft,then they (have their Hair
off above
their Ears, pull out their Beards, and black their Teeth with a certain
Herb,
Their Princes and Grandees take as many W ives as they pleafe, and give
to thofe
of their Guefts whom they intend moft to oblige, their choice of the
faireft of
them to lie with.
Whoring is accounted no fiiame, except amongft Marry'd Women, who generally live very Chafte, unlefs their Husbands conlcnt to their Adultery.
The Women alfo Hunt, Fifli, Shoot, andSwim, and are diligent in Tilling
their Lands, and other Houfhold Affairs. Moft of them have fore Eyes,
occafion'd
not fo much ("as fome wrongfully fuppoie) by their drinking of the Water
out of
the Stream Cumana, but proceeding rather from their unwholfom Food, as
Spiders^
and the like. .
Amongft the feveral forts of Trees that grow here, there are fome that
yield a
white wellfcented Gum, or delicious Juice like Milk, and produce a Fruit
not unlike a Mulberry, which may be boyl'd to an excellent Syrrup ^ the Wood
alfo
ftrikes Fire i There are others, whofe Timber is good for Shipping.
: ^ ''""-- Lll The

B.-afl;

61% ^ M E ^I C A Chap. IX.

The Soil aifo produces CafU-Fiflula, Rofb, and other ftrong fmelling
Flowers
and Herbs.
For Beafts, befides Lyons, Tygers, and wild Hogs, there are feveral
flrange
kinds here, as ihcCappa, which is bigger than an Afs, having fliaggy and
black
Hair ; it runs away from Mankind, but devours whafoever elfe it meets
with.
The Jranata, which hath a Goats Beard, and is of the bignefs of a
Greyhound
it howls very dreadfully, and feeds on Fruits. '
The wild Cats which breed here, leap, though great with Young, from one
Tree to another.
In the Evening a Beaft like a lean Dog comes to their Huts, cries like a
Child,
and devours all thofe it meets abroad 5 wherefore every one that goes
out in the
Night carries a lighted Stick with him, for this Beaft dreads the fight
of Fire.
The Trees give Harbor to great numbers of Parrots, and other fine
Feather'd
Birds.
The. Bats here are very large and hurtful, fucking the Blood from Men
and
Beafts.
The Mufchkos alfo do very much plague and vex the Inhabitants.
The Spiders, much bigger than thofe oi Europe, and of divers colours,
make very
Irrong Cobwebs. ^
Along the Sea-Coaft, and in the Rivers is plenty of delicious Fifh.
l^ Anno 1 513. ^^oVomimcanVtytxsyN^ntovttixom Terra Ftrma 10 Cumana
where
- the Natives kindly Entertained them, till a S^mjh Ship Anchoring there
for the
Pearl-Trade, carry 'd away by violence the Governor and feventeen of his
Servants,
whereupon the Natives threatned, that unlefs their Lord was reftor'd,

they would
put the two Domimcansio death ; the Spaniards promifing reftauration of
him in four
Moneths time, informed the Council at Hi]j>ankk of it, who not
confenting to
his Releafement.the'two Monks were, according the former threatning,
prefently
put to death. Yet after this the Francifcans and Dominicans built each
of them a
^loyfterin the Province of Chtrihtchi, where they kept friendly
Correfpondence
^_^ ^. with the Cumanas, till Anno 1520. when Alonfo de Ojeda coming to
an Anchor before
L:.^;; '^ Maracapana, under pretence of bartering Mai;^ for Spanif?
Goods with the Ja^arez
who came about fifty from the Mountains on which they liv'd, being three
Leagues
up 10 the Countrey, and brought M.i^down to the Shore, the Spaniards
took thirty
iix of them Pnfoners, and kiU'd or wounded the reft : Whereupon the
Governor G.^./,. being complain'd unto by the neighboring Prince Maraguey,
and his
amitance defir'd in taking Revenge of the T>ominicans and Francifcans,
who had
urg d and perfwaded Ojeda to the fore.mention'd Ad:, Gonzales hereupon
made an
Agveement with Maraguey.Mi^t he fliould deftroy the Monks, whileft he
himfelf
would kill Ojeda, which they accordingly performed. The Council in St.
Domingo
inform d hereof, immediately fent three Ships, Manned with three hundred
Men
under the Command of Gon:^aho de Ocampo, who Anchoring in the Haven of
Mara^
cabana, feignM as if he came newly from Spam, and that he knew nothing
of
the Buiinefs between Ojeda and Gonzales, that fo he might entice the
Natives into
Ins Ship, and accordingly when divers of them came aboard, the Armed
Spani^
.W. llarted from under the Decks, and hung them up at their Yard-arms,
burnt the
Viiiage Maracapana, and ruin'd the Countrey far and near with Fire and
Sword.
Oa..|.o alfo built the Town r.W., about half a League farther into the
Countrey, where the Bifliop Bartholomew, de las Cafas, making his
Vifitatioo, commanded
Ocamp^to forbear his cruelty againft the Natives, he having daily either
burnt,
hang d, beheaded, or made Slaves of fome or other of them. 0/as alfo
caus'd a
little

Ahnts de

Soto with ail

his iU;ii de-

lap. iX. <tA M g '1^ I C -J. 617,

liccle Fore to be built at the Mouth of the River (jimanH) to be near to
prevent the
inhumane Murders and Opprelfions committed by his Countreymen ; but be*
taufe the Inhabitants of C^^^4 bercav'd him of his chief Builder^ his
Fort was left
half unfiniOi'd j wherefore Cajas leaving the Command of this Countrey
to Francifco de SotOy went back to Hijpajiiolaf where in St* Domingo he made
his Complaints
to the High Court of Juftice of the Spaniards Cruelties j but being
little regarded,
he went into the Dominicans Cloyfter, till he was call'd out and made
Bifliop of
Chiapa. Mean while 5ofo, contrary to Cafas his order, had ficted out two
Ships to
Trade along the Coaft o^^aria j but the Expedition prov'd very
unfuccefsful, for
he and all his Men were deftroy'd by the Natives j not without jufl:
reafon, for the J^i^^'^^
Spaniards (according to the Relation oi Cafas from an Eye*witnefs)
deflroy'd this
Countrey after fuch a manner, that a Ship Sail'd between Lucago and
Hifpaniola (ixty
Leagues without any Compafs, finding the Way onely by the floating of
dead
Bodies, thrown out of the Sjj^wii/^ Ships. Moreover^ the Prifoners
fainting, were
fet afliore on Hifpaniolay and divided into Companies, each Company
confjfting of
twenty 5 Parents feparated from their Children, and Husbands from their
Wives,
and Lots caft for them : thofe that had either fick, decrepid, or old
People fall to
their fliare, us'd to cry (as Qafas teftifies he hath often heard,) What
do I do with this
fick, decrepid old Dog f give him to the DeVtl j 1 ip'tU not put my felf
to the trouble to kill and
hury him.
But Soto's Death was not left unreveng'd j for not long after Jacob
Caftellon
fetting Sail from St, Domingo, left feveral Companies on Quhagua^ to re
build the
Town GJi;^, and rais'd a Fort at the Mouth of Cumana^ which hath ever

fince been
kept by the Spaniards, who made great (laughter amongft the Natives.
Mieronymo OrtaU Sailing up the Stream Negeri, fent his Lieutenant
^ugufline Del- K^ronymo
gado through the populous Provinces Guacharuco and Tarimatuotu to the
River Unare^ edbyhisMm
where, not without a (harp Conflid:,he took abundance of Provifions in a
Village.
In the mean time Orf^// traVell'd to Meta, ad:ing inhumane Cruelties all
the way 5
but approaching Guiana (v^htrt DelgadoMVSiS kill'd) he wasdeferted by
his mutinous
Men, who ran over to Tsljtholas Federman j fo that he was forc'd to
return back to the
iiew Fort Miguel de NfVm, and from thence to St, Domingo with ten
Soldiers, fearing
that jintonio Sedenno (who judg'd himfclf wrong'd by Ortall^ becaufe
Cumanahclong'd to his Lordfliip) would fall upon him.
Sedenno hc'ing Rwe hundred Men flrong difcover'd the Sea^Coaft all along
to
'P^tigMtrfro J where Setling himfelf, he regarded no Difcipline j which
the Natives '
obferving, kill'd many a Spaniard, and others the Tygers alfo devoured,
efpecially
in the Night, they being forc'd to keep lighted Fires about them againft
the wild
Beafls
About the beginning of the Year 1537. Sedetmo travelled to the Countrey
Jnapuya
and Orocomay, to the Provinire Goiogmiiey ^ where the Inhabitants
defended themfelves
very valiantly in a woodden Fort, before which many Spaniards were
kill'd with
poyfon'd Arrows, and thofe who were not mortally wounded, had no way to
efcapebut by burning the Poyfon out with hot Irons ; yet at laft the
Defendants
were forc'd to flie with their Wives and Children up to the Mountains,
overgrown
with Brambles. Sedenno marching through barren Fields, and over
troublefom Ri- l^^^^l'^
vers, came to the mountainous Countrey Catapararo, where he found
abundance of ^"'^ >""
Mai:^^ andfome little pieces of Gold, and was advanced about a League
and a half
in Cumana, when dying, he made room for his SuccelTor Juan Ferna?ide2i,
who furviv'd him not long J yet the Expedition was not left unprofecuted ; for
Sedenno's
Men, after the Deceafe of him and F^r^(ie;^, went farther, and
difcover'd a low
L 1 1 2 Land

iiii
Ili'll !l

.nil

Sedenno
Juan
FsrnandeZ'

" ; f

Situation and
Defcription
of Venezuela.

6,.^ il M E %! C J. Chap. IX.

Land, which in the Winter being overflowed, forc'd the Inhabitants to
remove to
the Mountains ; But at laft the Spaniards, being weary with travellingj
fell out
amongfl: themfelves, and dividing into feveral Partics^, went feveral
ways, fome to
Fene;?j4ela, others to Maracaj^ana, and the reft to Cuhagua^
Sect. III.
Venezuela.
^ I ^He principal part of the Province o^Vem:^ela is border'^ on the
Faft with
I Cumana ; on the Weft, with a great Gulf or Bay;, call'd The ^ay
ofFenezuela
""^ with the Lake Maracaho^ and fome part of ]>leyt? Granada Northward
ic
hath the Ocean , or Jtlantkk Sea j Southward, fome undifcover'd
Countreys
which, as wefaid,lie betwixt the Jndes and it. It ftretches out in

length from Eaft

to Weft, a hundred and thirty Leagues, or thereabouts, but in breadth
little more
than half fo much ; it was nam'd FeneR^eUy or Little Venice^ by Alojifo
de Oieda a Spariiard, who at his firft difcovery of the Countrey fell upon a Town of
the Natives
which flood like another Venice, all upon the Water, and having no
paflage co ic
but by Boats. It is a Countrey extraordinary rich in all forts of
Commodities affords good Pafture for Cattel, and abundance of fair Herds of them. Oxen
^eep
Swine, ^c, plenty of Corn, and other Grain, great ftore of Venifon in
the Woods
of Fifh in the Rivers, Gold in the Mines, and therefore not likely but
to be well
Town, nnd P^^P^^^ ^^^ inhabited, efpecially by the Spaniards, whofe
Towns and Places of
fjace?ofr.. ^^^^^ importance are thefe, i. Venezuela, at the moft
Wcftcrly Confines of the
f^'Kueu Countrey, built upon the Sea, with the advantage of a double
Haven, in a temperate and good Air, and the Soil round about it the beft in the whole
Province : Ic
is now a Bifliop's See, who is Suffragan to the Arch=bifliop in
Hifpajuola, and the
' ordinary Rcfidence of the Governor.
2. Caravalleda, call'd by the Spaniards, Nuejira Sennora de Car availed
a, fourfcore
Leagues diftant from Fene:^uela towards the Eaft, upon the Sea.
3 , St, J ago de Leon, in the Countrey o^ Caracas, four or ^yz Leagues
Southward
ofCarayalleda, and fix or feven diftant from the Sea.
4. New Valentia, twenty five Leagues diftant from St.Jago.
5. ]>lew Xeres, a Town but lately built, fifteen Leagues Southward of
Hf>
Valentia.
6. ISlelp SegoVta, but one League diftant from lucres,
7. 7ucuyo, a Place well known and frequented, for the abundance of Sugar
that
is made there, and in the Countrey round about it.
8. Truxiiio, or Our Lady de la Ta^, eighteen Leagues Southward of the
Lake Ma=
racaho, a Place of great refort, and much frequented for Trade both by
Spaniards
and Natives.
9. Laguna, a Town lying more towards the bottom of the Lake, faiJtobe
much

haunted with Tygersj and more than this, not much isfaidofit.
According to the ancient Divifion of the Natives, this Province contains
the
Countreys Curiana, Cuycas, Caracas, l^artquicemeto, Tucuyo, and Carora
in which there
are cftimatcd to be about a hundred thoufand Inhabitants that pay Taxes
5 which
Charge, according to a Law made at the Spafiijh Court, all Men above
fifty, and
Youth under eighteen, are freed from : yet this Countrey had formerly
much
more People^ great numbers of them being deftroyM by the Germans, Anno
1525?.
for the B\(ho]^l^artholo?neifsdelas Cajas relates, That above fifty
hundred thoufand
of

/TrJf

Pi""l

'T^tTs^fx^^tsioU^

vi

Ji7 MZRID^ES jeS

^25
lole Councreys,
:1 Civility imaThe E;;pedi
tJon of Aljinnterto the King-^"^^"'' ^"^'"
b tar xo Vene}burgh^ made an ^''^^''
whither they
ooc and eighty

'mesy Vv^ho Sail[io, and already

i Manaure, But
s of the Coun ffi^i^r^s
horrid Cru-'
fents of Gold ^'"l* "p"
J iheNatjres.
^here cut them
going towards
\\ Mountains,
^nd Prefented
Women, and
they did noc
)eing able to
palt with the
I without un
'd the Coun^'d away ma*
, and each of
j and as foon
hment, their
Mountains,
[id, of which
t John Jlemau
and IS^icholas
igingupand
ontinually at
the Natives
I
nee of ^ara^ The provinces Parageafta and ar^-'_
lie or It riies
teous,
on the cons
in ^i;^e::^a~
Ice Mai:^ in
vlan-eaterSj,
fever ai rich
hmo^ Near <, . . ...
begsfia huvx

m Air, was ,^.y>'' ^'*

0, fo call'd,
! becaufe

i!i

Ml l'
1;

;_^^_4ai,:^6WiSs*ia)*6**^

%ta

/ liger s
arrid Cruelties upon
the Natives.

Chap. IX. <tA M E "B^I C A. 6i<^

Of the Inhabitants were kili'd by them ; nay, they rooted out whole
Countreys,
notwithftanding the Natives were ready to Entertain them withal-l
Civility imaginable J the Particulars of the Story are as followeth : ' The Expedi.
When the Emperor G^r/^f^ the Fifth MarryVl with Ifahclia, Daughter to
the King^'^'''^"^^^Volfortugal, Anno 1526. ih^ Well ares, being X)fc/; Gentlemen in
Augsburih, made an '^'^^^-^"'''
Agreement with him for a Sum of Money, to Conquer Vene^^ueU ; whither
they
fent Amhrofim Alfinger, and ^artholovum Sayltar, with four hundred Foot
and eighty

tlorfe : Thefe Forces Landing at Fene^iela, drove away Juan dejmpues,

who Sailing from St. Dammgo thither, had difcovcr'd the Coaft along Qoriano, and
already
made an Agreement with a mighty Prince of that Countrey, call'd Manaure,
But
Jlfijjger marching to the Lake Maracaho, dcflroy'd all the Inhabitants
of the Coun ^'f"
ti-cy Jxaguas, though they came to meet him Dancing, with richPrefents
of Gold
which he not regarding, kili'd them, drove fome into a Houfe, and there
cut them
in pieces, and burnt thofc that were got upon the Roof. From hence going
towards
the ^ocabuyes, who dwelt on the Wert: fide of A/^r^c^^o, amongft high
Mountains,
he was Entertained by them a confiderable time very courteoully, and
Prefented
with rich Gifts, for which at his departure he fliut up both Men, Women,
and
Children, into a high Wall'd Park, where they were all to perifli, if
they did not
every one pay a certain quantity of Gold to be relcas'd, which not being
able to
raife, they all dy'd for want of Food* After the fame manner he dealt
with the
neighboring People ^WoWoj, of whom he got much Gold, but not without unheard of Cruelties ; for he burnt all their Villages and Houfes, ruin'd
the Countrey with Fire and Sword from Thamaleque to the River Lehrixa, carry'd
away ma*
ny of the Natives coupled together with Chains about their Necks, and
each of
them loaded with at lead a hundred pound weight of pillag'd Goods and
as foon
as any of them began to faint under their Burthens for want of
refrefhment, their
Heads were immediately cut off. But Jlfinger coming to certain cold
Mountains,
was refilled by a valiant People ^ in which Conflid he recciv d a Wound,
of which
he dy'd at his return to (^oro, Anno 1532. Upon which the Welfares fent
John Aleman
to fucceed him ; but Ke alfo dying, made place for George de E/poira,
znd l>licholas
Federman, of which two Efpoira being the chief, fpent three years in
ranging up and
down the Countrey, without any remarkable Tranfadiions, being
continually at
variance with his Lieutenant Federman. .
The afore^mention'd City Venezuela, otherwife call'd Gro, and by the
Natives
(jjr^w^, was, ^;2wo 1539. taken and burnt by the Hg/i/^.
Northward from the City, the Promontory St. <^oman, in the Province of
<Para^ The Rcvin-

goana, runs into the Sea, oppofite to the Iflands Aruha and Quuracao.
n^iTZl
ThQCoumreyfaragoanaislow and full of Venifon 5 outof the middle of it
rifes ^"'"'"'''' '^
a high Mountain, the Inhabitants whereof are very hofpitable and
courteous.
The Lyons that breed in this Countrey run away from Men j but on the
con:>
trary, the Tygers are exceeding cruel.
From Coro there leads a Way up into the Countrey over the Mountain
Xi;^ae;^a'ras, to the Province Bariquicemeto.
Between both thefe Provinces very fruitful Valleys, which produce Mai:^
in
great abundance, are furrounded by wooddy Mountains, inhabited by Maneaters,
caird Axaguas.
Anno 1552. Juande Vilkgas difcoveringthe Province Twcwjyo, he found
feveral rich
Gold-Mines near the Mountain feJro, out of which fprings the River
iBwnb. Near

m;;A\

Hcs built

this place he built the Town SegoVia, which, by reafon of the unwholfom
Air, was ^y >'' ^'
foon after tranfplanted, and built on the Shore of the River !
Barifikimeio^ Co calFd, '''^^"
L 11 2 kecaufe

IP

6z6

A M El^iC A Chap. IX.

becaufe the Water when touched;, turns to 2n Afli-coionr. The Plain
Countrev
lonnd about would be intolerable hot, did not the cool Winds that blow
from the
Mountairrstemp'er the fame.
Jthe^pro-* '^'^'^ Natives divided into Tribes that underftand not one
another, live on CdlU
vmceBafi. ^^/fc Dccrs flcfii , Ra bbcts, and the luicc of thc Cocm'.
Tl^ ^" ^^^ ^^^^^' ac^r/^^^^ and ^orauu, they throw the ftampM Root
^arhafco,
which caufes the Fidi to appear above the Water, and fuffer themfelves
to be caught
with the Hand.
In the Summer they all ftore themfelv-es with Venifon, which they catch
after
this manner: They fet the dry Buflies and Brambles on fire, which makes
the
wild Hogs, Goats, Deer, Jmadtllo's, Tygers, the great Serpents ^has, and
other
wild Creatures, to leap forth from their Holes and Receptacles to fliun
the fame
whileft the Hunters (landing ready with their Bowes and Arrows, feldom
mifs one
of them.
In the hollow Trees near the Rivers, the Bees make abundance of Honey
for
them.
Moll of the Rivers here fall into the Stream Humpari, which glides from
the
^eruVian Mountains to the Northern Ocean.
The Province Qnoas produces plenty of Gold.
^f'ivel'a- '^^e Natives -^houtSegoVm go naked, are very ignorant, and
much addided to
ho..se,ov.a Druukennefs ; in which humor they kill one another : They
live without care,
feeding on Roots till their Z^^i^is ripe, which in fome places comes to
its full ma!
. turity in forty days time, and in others in three Moneths,
Clofe by SegoVia glides the Rivulet Claro, whofe clear W^ater goes but a
fmall
Courfe from its Fountain Head, before it finks into the Ground 5 in the
Summer it

is very high, and in the Winter almoft deftitute of Water.

Thecommo. This Countrcy breeds all forts of Fowls, but efpecially Quails
and TurtleDoves.
Cattel, Sheep, Goats and Hogs, increafe wonderfully here, infomuch that
many
of them are driven to be fold at Nn/? Gr^^M^^.
The Cotton-Clothes that are woven here, alfo turn to a good account.
From SegoVm runs a Way through a Valley twelve Leagues long, to the Town
Tucuyo^ which (lands low, but in a healthful Climate, and furrounded
with Mountains.
The Countrey hereabouts produces plenty of Corn, Pot-herbs, Sugar, and
Cotton 5 and feeds Oxen, Cowes, Horfes, Sheep, Deer, and Goats, to which
the
Tygers and Lyons do great mifchief.
Here are Gold-Mines, but they are not openM by reafon of the great want
of
Men.
There is likewife plenty of the !B^;^o^r.Sones to be had here.
The Cujcas, in whole Countrey (lands the Town Truxillo, are a valiant,
but very
cruel People.
The Lake Maracaho, running forty Leagues up into the Countrey, is ten
Leagues
broad. Ebbs and Flows, and feeds the great Fifh Manati. ^
Wedward dwell the Tocabuyes, and Jlcoholados, both quiet and rich
People.
I.""" ^^^ Province Xuru^ra lies towards the South behind high
Mountains, inhabited
by the valiant Qoromochos and towards the North from Xuruara, the
^bures, hard
by theCityAfen,/.^ ; the Countrey about which is unhealthful and
MoraiTy, and
the Inhabitants exceedingly plagu'd by the Mujchitos,
Sr ^'' The Haven Maraca^nna is the bed in Venezuela, and lies in the
Eaftern part of the
Province,

ditic^ of the

Countrey
hereabouts.

^\.'i

ries.

nap. liv, A M E K 1 C A. 6ij

Province, where the Mountains are inhabked by the wild Chlugotos, who
kill and
cat all the Spaniards they can get.
The other Havens Weftward, not comparable to Maracapana, are Plechadoj
Sard'maSj and 'Btirhurutey where fome Spanijh Families have a Salt^pit.
Six Leagues up in the Countrey you come to the frefh Lake Tocarigua,
full of p,omonTo^
little inhabited lOes j the People whereof live quietly, and barter
Gold,
Towards the North- Weft the Ocean makes the great Inlet Trifle^ before
which
lies the Ifland 'Bonaire, very full of Cattel, and on each fide appear
the A)fes and
^4r4Co, which abound with Fowl.
The Promontory St, %oman runs twenty Leagues into the Sea^ and the Cape
Coquihocoa extends farther. Between both thefe runs the Channel of
Vene:^uela,
vihich touches thehzkc Maracapabo.
Before Coquibocoa are feen the four low Iflands Monjes, with white fandy
Creeks,
and full of Trees : out of the middlemoft rifes a high Mountain.
On the Main Continent alfo the Mountains De ^;<?gro appear with fcraggy
tops
beyond the Point : And the Bay Honda affords a lafc Road.
The Cape De la Vela hath on one fide the Inlet fortete^ and on the
other, the Villages ^ancheria and Nofira Sennora de los ^emedios between both which
runs the
Stream La Hacha.
The G^rw24 Commander, Nicholas Vederman^ intended to have built a City
on
Cape Vela, Anno 1535. but finding the Ground too low and unfruitful^ the

Pearls
hereabouts very fmall, and the Natives living onely on Fifli and wild
Herbs, he
changM his Refolution.

Sec t.
The Iflands Margareta, Cubagua, and Codies
NOtwithftanding we have already fpoken fomething
K^r^^ret^,
and Cuhagua, in regard they are by fome reckoned
"Northern America-^ yet becaufe they are by many
part of the Divifion of Nei& Jndalufia, we (hall
we have
found mofj: Worthy of Re-mention^ though much to
before.

of the Iflands
amongft the Ifles of
accounted to make up a
add in this place what
the fame purpofe as

The Ifland Margareta, difcover'd" by Chriftopher Qolumhm^ Anno 1498.

contains
thirty two Leagues in circumference, hath many Woods and Paftures, ytt
little
frefh Water. To the Eaftward of it lie the Cliffs Tejiigosy where it is
very mountainous, as alfo on the Eaft. Round about the fame are delicious FifL,
without
which the Natives could not live, becaufe the brackifli Soil pr6duces
but little Pro*
vifion.
The chiefeft thing for which this Ifland Margareta is famous, is the
PearlFifhing, for which in times paft a great Trade was driven, though of
late it is
cometo little or nothing. The Spaniards^ with inhumane cruelty, taught
the 2Ve
gro's to Dive for the Pearls, for thofe that were not nimble or dextrous
enough,
they beat unmercifully, dropt fcalding Wax or fcalding Oyl upon them, or
ftigmatiz'd them with hot Irons. The PearUBanks were covcr'd with five, fix^
feven, or eight Fathom Water ; from whence the Negro's puird the Oyfters
with
fuch force, that the Blood gufh'd out of their Mouths and Nofes when
they came
above Water to breath after which, to refrefli them, they received a
Glafs of
Wine and a Pipe of Tobacco. The Spanijh I{iay received a fifth part of
the beft
Pearls that were taken here 5 but whether the Oyfters have forfaken this
Place, or
. - ^ theif

The PearlFilhing of
Margarittr-,

(^28

J MEHJCA. Chap.L..
their growth hinder'd by ofcen Fifning for them, we know not, but
however it i.
few Pearls are found here of late years, which makes Jvfargareu to be
more and

more dcferted.

o?:wS ^^"7^" '''' ^*'" Continent of fParia lie the Iflands C^^. and
Coc/;e . the firft
Jc.*-...... whsteof hath an unfriiitful and fulti-y Soil, without either
Trees, Birds and four
footed Beafts, except ^ock Wood, Sea-Fowls, or Parrots ; and QaftilUn
Hoas being
carry'd thither, change their Natuve ftrangely , for in a fliort time
thei Claws

grow long and crooked.

The King of %m us'd formerly to receive fifteen thoufand meats yearly

for
hi5 fifth part of the Pearls that were taken , which Gain invited many
thither who
... C-...4 buiit the Town lio^,a Cad,^on Cdu^ua m the Year 1511. but
when the Arayam de
b"aH:::;h 'noHa.-d the Monks Cloyfteron <Pana, the Spauards, being three
hundred i num.
S " ber, fled from Nov^a^,^ to H(/^^,(,(^, where the High Court,
difpleas'd at their
cowardly deferring the Place, gave them but cool Entertainment, and fent

five
Ships under the Command of Jacomo de CaftelU to Cubaguu, to build new
Store
houfes in ?{oT)4 Cadi^, which was afterwards re-inhabited ; but when the
PearlFiflimg ceafcd, the lOand and Town was at once deferted. '
Oppofite to Margareta lies the Promontory ^raya, behind which lies a
fait Lake
in which IS found abundance of Salt, not onely above, but under the
Water - with
which the En^lifi, Sfanlfl,, and Duuh Ships are fraighted.
^^qL f,"' {" ^ <^f^"!>" the Salt-pans on Jraya thus : Round about
the fame
pL?.,n': f'^hhe) the Ground is craggy, barren, and of a brackiQi tafte,
and deftitute of
",.. freflr Water, which is therefore fetcb'd three Leagues farther out
of a Brook
' flowing from the Mountain S..J into the Bay of a.., likewife all
manner
o. Provifionsare brought from other Parts, Weftward from the Point^r.v.
there
' .s a convenient Harbor where the Ships take in their Salt. Three
hundred Paces
from toe Shore lies a great Salt-pan, where the Salt being firft beat in
pices, is
carry d . Wheel-barrows to the Ships. The little Salt.pan produces lefs
sllc,
and lies alio out of the way, which makes few Ships take in their Lading
from
'* thence.
The Countrey is every where overgrown with Brambles and Bufhes in which
breed Tygers and very poyfonous Serpents. There are likewife abundance
of
Stags, Bucks, Hares, and Coneys, beifides other ilrange Beafts.
landerpZn Till Jniio I 605. thc I^etherlanders came hither unmolefted
for Salt when e'^crUt
out of their Ci, 'fj f~^ \\' C 11* -'ttxi,, vvuv.11 tjyni,
^::VX ^f'"-/''^^ '^f^"'"g"n^^"='^""P'>"them, ftrangely mifus'd their
Seamen . but
simLs. afterwards the Mmtzd Netherlands having made an Agreement with
Sbain for a' cer
tain time, renew'd their Trade to Jraya, till the King, of Spain, havina
for the better fecurity of the Place, built the Fort St. Ja^o, which Commanded the
great Saltpan, forbad the Netherlanders from lading any more Salt ; who thereupon
Storm 'd
the Fort, though to their coft, for feveral of them were kiU'd, and the
reft return 'd
home empty.
Sect. V.

Of tlie lilands of Soutliern America.

-iHechiefeft IQands of note in the Southern partof^mmV^, that is to fay

thole that lie remote from the Continent in Mare del Zur, are U,
I.adrones,
and the Iflands Fernandhas ; for the reft being,as we may call
them,M</,to>

'mean Ijlands, fall naturally under the Defcription of the Continent.

Los

Chap. IX.

^ M ETi^I C A.

6i^

Mes Lac
cues,.

1. Los Lddrones, in Englifli, The'Iflands of Thieves, lie as ic were in

the mid-way The
betwixt the Main Land oi America and the fhilippme Idands, but fomc
hundreds of^"^'
Leagues diftant from either, in the fourth Degree of Northern Latitude j
fo nam'd
by Ferdinand MageUan, from the pilfering difpofition he obferv'd in the
Natives
when he Sailed that way for the Molucca Iflands. They were a nimble and
adtivc
fort of People, yet light-finger'd, tall of ftature, and going for the
moft part naked,
excellent Swimmers and Divers^ and have not much more to be faid in
their commendation.

2. The Fernandinie ate onely two Iflands of no great bignefs, lying over
againfl Theiflesivr^
the Coafl of Chile, in the three and thirtieth Degree of Southern
Latitude, and
about a hundred Leagues, or three hundred fi'w^/i/^ Miles from the
Continent, yet
wellftor'dwithfomelefler forts of Cattel, as Goats, (^c. good plenty
likewife of
Venifon in the Woods, and Fifli upon the Coafts ; for which rcafon,
though lying
at fome diftance, yet are they not a little frequented by the Spaniards
ofTeru, who
find many good Harbors and Roads for Shipping belonging to, and about
thefe
Iflands.

#1

m.

6^1

CONTAINING

artly a farther profecutlon of the Defcriptions of fome Provinces

already treated of in the foregoing Book, partly an Account of
fome other Difcoveries than what have hitherto been deliver'd in
any Defcription of the JA(^ E IF JF "S^L T>.

CHAP. I.
io de ia Plata.

He River De la flata, by the Natives call'd faranaoua^^u,

IS

next to the River of the Amazones^iht greateft in the World,

and falls into the Northern Ocean between the Capes Antonio and Maria, lying thirty Leagues one from another r
It receives from Eaft and Weft divers Rivers as far as the
Lake Xarays, lying three hundred Leagues up in the Countrey from the Mouth of L^ flata, Alfo into thefore-mention'dLake fallfeveral Streams, which fpring out of the
^eruVianyiovint2ims Andes.
The firft that SailM into this great River, Anno i 5 i 5. to an Ifland
lying in the
middle of it, was 'John Dias de Solis, who raflily going afhore, was
kill'd and
eaten, together with feveral fortuguefes.
Eleven years after this Accident, Sehaftian Gahottm fet Sail from S^ain
to go to the S ^hi*
Spicy Iflands through the Straights of K^^e//^w, but was forc'd, for
want of Provi ^'^"^'"^5.
fions, and the unwillingnefs of his Seamen, to put into the River La
Tlata in
which being advanced thirty Leagues, he Anchored near an Ifland, which
he call'd
St. Gabriel : from whence going feven farther, he difcover'd a Stream
which fell
into La flata. This River he call'd St, Salvador, and caft up a Fort at
the Mouth
f it, where an Inlet afforded a convenient Harbor for Shipping; he
found the
River La flata to be generally ten Leagues broad, and full of Ifles ;
and to the Weftward of it, the River Zaracaranna, inhabited on the South fide by a
fubtil People
caird Diagnitas. At the place where Zaracaranna difembogues into La
flata he built
a Caftle, and calling the fame Caftello di Santo Sftrito, went up
farther, leaving on
the Weft fide the People Tbik^i, M^Mrfr^trf5, M/7em, &nd Aigais -, to
the Eaftward,
the ^iloacasa,ndantana, and ftruck up out of the River t^T/^f^, NorthEaft into

^^^ <*J Al E %! C J, Chap.

ihcSiYc^m Parana y in which he had gone two hundred Leagues^ and pafs'd
by
many Ides, when he went out of the fanrie into the Stream 'Paraguay j
where being
fet upon by the Countrey People, who were bufie in Tilling the Ground,
he loH
fo many of his Men, that he was forced, without any farther Exploit, to
return
with the fortuguefe Pilot, Diego Garcia, who Sailing up the fame River,
had met
with G^^otf^ in faria-^ and becaufe both had gotten Tome Silver, they
calFd the
River, from that Metal, De la Tlata. The farther Difcovery whereof lay
negleded
nine years after, when feter Mendo^a Sailing with eleven Ships, carrying
eight hundred Men, to thelfland Gabriel, built the Vort Buenos JyreSi on the
South lide of it,
where many People dying of Hunger, little was done.
Shares Caheca not long after following Meudo:^a's footfteps, difcover'd
and peopled the Province ^o de la ^lata. The Mouth of the River La flata
Laurence 'Bikk.er
defcribesthus :
iureHt,sik. " Beyond the Cape Santa Maria (faith he) lies the flat
Ifland Cafiilhos, having
^noJlft'o '' fcarce a Tree upon it 5 but on the North fide a Rock, not
unlike a decayed Caftle 5
iihpit^. f^ ^^ ^^^ Southward of which appear two other Cliffs diredly
before the Mouth
*' lies the ftonie Ifland De LohoSy on which nothing is to be found but
Sea= Wolves ^
*^ towards the Eaft a flonie Bank runs a good way into the River, known
by the
" breaking of the Water upon the fame.
The Promontory Maria is low and barren, but within the fame the Land
rifes
high before the Ifles F/ore5 Sind Maid omdo, which lafl: hath a good
fandy Shore, Harbor, and frefh Water between the Rocks j but Flores rifing with two
Hills, produces nothing but Brambles.
The Stream So/j^alfodifcharges its Waters in La flata, near the Place
where the
Mountain S^/tJo lies.
The left Shore of Ld flata begins at the Promontory Antonio , and is cut
through
by the Rivers Ortis and Los Sanflos, where the Town Buenos Jyres is
built on a
fmooth Shore.
Martin del Mdrtiu dcl 'Bavco proceeding in the Defcription of La Tlata,
faith that it is dan-

fcnpnon of gerous, by reafon of the many Shelves that are m the iame.
The liles in the River
are as followeth ' thofe that bear the Name of St, Gahrtel are five in
number Garcia Ifle is full of Trees, and for its fertility was peopled by Teter
de Mendo^a,
and afterwards by Juan Orti^ Carate : But lefs fruitful are the Ifles De
La^aro, where
the River F'rayg unites with La flata, being before filFd with the
Waters of Salvador^
which receives the black Stream Negro, which gliding flowly from
Morafles, is veryfull of Fifli. Moreover, La flata hath eleven Arms^ each very deep and
full of
Ifles, inhabited by the Guaranins,
About a hundred Leagues farther the Qherandtes have fetled themielvcs on
plea^
fant Ifles, lying not far from the City St Fe, built on the Point which
makes the
River 'Bermeio, where it falls into La Tkta,
Farther up lies the Province Jna^ partly well inhabited for its
fertility, and
partly overflowed.
Next appears the Rock fennapohrey and not far from the Town Guayraj La
Tlata
falls very high from the Rocks.
Pco froft'his ^^^^ ^^ concerning the Natives of this Countrey, it is
inhabited by divers forts of
Countrey. People, differing from one another both in Cufl:oms and
Language. On the South
fide of the fore-mention'd River, from the Promontory Jntomo to Buenos
Jyres,
dwell the Quirandies, a flout, but cruel Pebple, who with the Flefli oi
many a Spa^
?iirf/'^ oftentimes keep a merry Feaft. Farther into the Countrey run
the Juries and
Diagnitas, Along La fkta lie alfo fcatter'd the Tcnhues, a civil People,
who live
. by

Chap. l\ a M h^^l C a: ' ' 6r^^

by Fifhiiig. Near the River 'Tayapiay the Jme^uaes obferve the fame
manner of Lifcj
But the Canoes keep Cattel, and Till their Landso A hundred Leagues
farther
dwell the faya^uaes j and yet farther into the Countrcy the Chames and
Carcares poffefs much Gold and Silver, with which Juan d' Jyok having enrich'd
himfelf here,
wasdeftroy'd with all his Men by the Chames, Aono 1541.

Jlvare^Nunne^Caheca came from Spm to be Governor here, but was not able,
by ff-[fj^;;;
reafon of contrary Winds and Tydes to reach La flata wherefore Landing
at the "'t-.
River Itabucu, and ipending nine days in cutting a Way through thick
Brambles,
he came to the Jurifdiaion q^ Armirirh and a days Journey farther to
Cl^oyay j and
not long after to Tocangua^i, SN^^xt the Guamiks, who are the Natives,
have two
Harvefts every year of Uai:?^ and CaffaVi, and breed and keep Gtde, Hens
and Parrots in their Houfcs : They are Man-eaters, and very revengeful. Cakca
having
aiven this Countrey the Name of Vera, he proceeded on his Journey over
the Rivers Igna^u, Ttbagi.zad Taquari, on whofe Shore appears the Village
Jhangobi, and
ibmewhat farther Tocangu:^r. The Countrey hereabouts is very fruitful,
and hath
many delightful Plains, pleafant Rivers, and Woods j but beyond appear
Hills,
Mountains, deep MorafTes, dangerous Cane^Fields, Jleceptacles for wild
Beails,
and great Wilderncfles. Qahca having pafs'd through them all, came into
the
fruitful Countrey of the Gmraniei; viho are a wild People, and poffefs
many
large Fields o^U^ and fotatos, alfo feveral Silver Mines. From hence
travelling
Weftwardly over the River m^neri, he fpent eighteen days before he came
to the
Stream Igna^iu which falls into the farana, and at laft came to the
River (Paraguay .
along whofe Shore he found a People of a gigantick Stature, call'd The
Agates, who
regarded no manner of Husbandry, but went out continually a robbing in
'their
Canoos. Thefe People, as Martin del 'Barco relates, were not long after
all deftroy'd
by the Spaniards,
Not far from the Jga:^es dwell the Guaycurues, a valiant People j and
fomcwhat
farther the Cacoves, whofe Countrey produces Gold and Silver ; and yet
farther in
the Countrey refide the Guaxarapos, who remove yearly to the Paraguay to
Fifh there
when the Water is low ; for in the beginning oi January the River fwells
fo exceedingly, that the Countrey about it being overflowM, is cover'd with above
fix Fathom Water. The Paraguay difcharges its Waters into the great Lake
Xarayes, full

of Iflands. .
Amongft other Rivera that fpring out of the Mountains Andes, the Igna^,
along
whofe Shore the People Xacoaesy Xaquejfes, and Champs dwell, falls alfo
into the
foremention d Lake. Somewhat farther lies a great piece of drown'd Land,
beyond which the Xarayes have convenient Habitations, plant Mti-^, and
fpin Cotton :
Their Countrey borders a great Wildernefs, which ends about the Province
Tapuagua:^u, the Inhabitants whereof, called Tarapecocies, are furniOi'd with
plenty of all
iartsofProvifions. The fay^KJi^ioes, dwelling on one fide of them, are
not well
known as yet.
Beyond the Town Jjfumption dwell the Mayaes, in the Way to Teru, and
border at
the Tamacoaes, both which poffefs SilverpMines.
^ ^ Between 'Buenos Ayres and Cor^l'^ lies the Plain-Countrey
f)efpoplado, ninety
Leagues long, without Trees or Houfes, but is moft Pafture^Ground, which
feed
many thoufa'^nds of wild Horfes. From hence glide the Streams Luchan,
Los Jrrechivos, Jrreca, Zaracaranna, and others, into LafUta. It is very
dangerous for a
fmall Company to travel through this Countrey, becaufe the ranging Jw
fpare
none alive they meet with.
Moreover, the River Grande flows with a wide Mouth into the Sea, and
ipreads
- M m m ^^

<^J4- a ME^IC A. _ Chap. li.

itfelfwuhmagainft the Countrey f.to5. Alfo the Rivers Twrf,W, Aramn.o
and the Lake AUgoa, difembogue into the Ocean. '^ ^
North.Eaft beyond ^/.^04 lie the Iflands C.tW;^ and GaU and in the
Bay Tom^ttd appear feveral Ifles. ' -^
The Streams ra^ahu and Itahuca fpring out of high Mountains, inhabited
by the
People Jmiiriri and Cipopoy. ^
Laftly, the Countrey wafli'd by the Stream Araraptra, produces all forts
of Pro-

vifions.

CHAP. IL

i.

The Cantmel
Sheep.

The Grain
Teca.

The Fruit
"Vnni,

Here are .n this Countrey both tame and wild Sheep ; the tame ones are
call d CammehSheep, being cover 'd with long fine Wool, having Necks
four
Foot long, their fore Feet cloven into four parts, their hindermoft into
two theu Mouths very wide, which they open at thofe that vex thetr,, and
make
fuch a ftink, that no body is able to abide near them , when tir'd, they
fall under
the.r Burdens^^and will not rife, though beaten never fo much : Their
Flefl. is tough
hke that of Horfes The wild Mountain.Sheep are red, and have foft glolTy
Wool,
which makes a Stuff hke that of a Chamlet : Thefe Sheep run fwifter than
a Horfe .
the CInle/es lead them by a Rope put through their Ears,
This Countrey of CAi/i not onely produces Wheat, Barley, Ma,^, and all
man=
Brrl^v Tr . '^'J''"' ""^''^ g'^'" ^'^^ ' Yard high, is not unlike
Barley ; the Grain thereof being dry'd in the Sun, is threfliM, .d
parch'd in hot
band then ground on a fquare flat Stone with a round Rowler. This Meal
wh.ch IS both exceeding wholfom and very nourifliing (for a fmall

Meafure thereof
fufficeth a Man a whole Week,) ferves alfo both for Meat and Drink : for
beinc
infus din a greater quantity of Water, it becomes a pleafant Drink, and
kneaded
wicha lelier proportion, it is made into Cakes or Loaves.
The Fruit M,, by the Sfuniards cM'd Murtilla, is like a little red
Grape and
fo h'pT 7'^^^-'r''^''f^his Fruit is clear to the Eye, pVafing
to he Palate and good for the Stomach, never caufing any Head-ache : It
alfo
makes good Vinegar.
But the chiefell Benefit of ChiU is the rich Gold-Mines. The Countrey
for the
moft part lies defolate, occafion'd by the continual Wars which the
valiant People
J,:uco mamtain'd againft the 5;,....J. after fuch a manner, that in no
place of X,
nca they met with fuch rcfiftance, or fuftain'd luch Loflfes. They fpeak
an elegant
Language according to the teftimony of S, Herhnans, who having
committed to
W rtmg all the moft fign.ficant Words thereof which were taught him bv
the
CM^ It will not be altogether amils to fet down fome of them, "which
ar^thefe

Win

s-

Chap. 11.

Qyi M E %^I C A,

^35

A V iew of the Chilefian Language,'

TEpantOy A Year.
Tieiif A Moneth, or the Moon.
Toninco^ A Week.
Ante, The Day, or Sun,
faun. The Night.
TahujOj The Evening.
EppoHU, The Morning,
^an^iantCj Noon.
Epj^oCj The next Day after to Morrow.
Vya, Yefterday.
futey^ The Day before Yefterday.
(Buchiante, To Day.
Mtntay, Now.
Weytiya, At that time.
Wantarukiy In the Morning betimes,
'Biliante, Always.
Chumelf When.
Chemchuemj Alfo.
Huenoj The Heavens.
Quereby The Air or Wind.
Tomo, The Clouds.
WangeleHy The Stars,
fiUan, Thunder,
GualiOy Lightning.
futa que querebf A Storm.
Maoni^ Rain.
(Pire?i) Snow.
Veaquumao, Dcw^
^illingeiy Ice.
Quetal J 'B ire.
^, Water.
Tue, The Earth.
Mrfppo, The Land, [ ^,
(pe/e, Clay. , ,,
Qiraj Stone.
MaViel, Wood. .j
^/l;^, Timber, y^
Mittia, Gold.
Lien, Silver,
faila, Brafs.
Tiiri, Tin.
Tavilke, Iron.
QuataUura, A Pebble-ftone.
CW/, Salt.

Lj/, A Rock.
Mtlkmappen^ A Golden Vein a

Miquen^ A Tree.
Cd/??<, Herbs.
ISlehoy Nuts.
'Pmo, Grafs.
Cayron, Hay.
PF^wro, A Man.
Do;o, AWife.^
Quiduugerij A Youth.
J(?c/?o, A Maiden
Tenien, A Boy.
I)omo penienj A Girl.
C/jo, A Father.
Nenque, A Mother.
QhechZj A Grandfather. |
Domo-cheche, A Grandmother.
rF^wco, Mothers Brother.
A/^wj^, Mothers Sifter.
(pekhuchan, A Stepfather,
C4//^, A Stepmother.
Botunij A Son.
Neaquej A Daughter.
Peww, A Brother.
Lamoen, A Sifter.
GuempOy A Father-in-law.
Tii/c^, A Mother-in-law.
Choupay A Son-in-law.
WeurO'pencho, A KinCmgn^
'Buytha, An old Man.
Cude, An old Woman.
Cunev^a, AnHofpital Child.
feneinboe, A Guardian.
Jpo^curacdy A Governor.
Curaca, A Lord,
^po, Afupream Commander.
Kentoque, A Ruler.
Uhnen, A Perfon of Quality.
fulmen, A Gentleman.
Af^c/?/, AChirurgeon,
Cona, A Soldier,
^etave^caman, A Smith.
Guito^wok, A Weaver.
Challo'dcaman, A Filher-man.
Nilla-caboey A Merchant.
TurnitaVey A Dyer.
Qmrnpiroocamariy A Cap-maker,
Tnltunca'Camariy A Drummer*
Inchetan'men'iy A Servant.
M m m 2

Koerquln^

<i*

>M

w^m

J M E "Kl C A.

J^oer^uin, A MefTenger.
Langamchehoe, A Murderer.
Chiquihoej A Thief.
Illuihoe, A Beggar.
Ahee^ The Devil.
^ca, A Houfe.
Ull'my A Door.
Chaquancty A pair of Stairs.
fylca, A Wall.
Wana^rucay The Roof.
^ithe-rucaj A Hut.
Qolcura, A Cupboard.
Cawyto, A Bedftead.
Depotuarka, A Prilbn.

Weltehe, A Gibbet.
bengal, A Grave.
LonqueUy The Sea.
I-fV^, The River.
!Buta=wampOy A Ship.
Jliweny A Mall.
Mow, Ropes.
Do/^Oj A Canoo.
Watnpo, A Boat.
F^/^j Sails; ^
y^^f^, An Oar.
Tuhquen^ Aflies.
(, A dead Coal.
^/e, The Flame.
^Jpel, A burning Coal.
Wietum, Smoak.
Catila, a Candle.
Wyno, A Knife.
Wttij A Spoon,
Guidi, A Pot.
Lepoboruwe, A Toothpicker.
TaVilla-lonco, An Helmet.
V/aiq;uiy A Pike.
fylqui^ A Dart.
Tulque-tuboi, A Bowe.
Tuhunca, A Trumpet.
Mecane, An Iron Club.
Cachalj An Awl.
Wita, A Spade.

Juifue, A Sieve.
Chilcaj A Letter.
Charavilla, A pair of Breeches.
Ida, A Womans Garment.
Domocruidcij A Coat.
Condon, A Bag.
^ino'dompiro, A Straw Cap.'

Chap. II.

Coitgij Food.
Cohque^ Bread.
Nul'Cohque, The Crumb.
Liquanguej Light.
Dumhigeiy Darknefs,
Q^emetquen^ Dainties.
Medda,'?2il^.
Core, Broth.
Hon, Flefh.
Cuidalon, Mutton.
JVara-ilon, Beef.
Chudi-ilon, Pork.
QmdUdain, A Gammon of Bacon.
Chadkues-'iloriy Salt.
Caucan, Roaft-meat.
AVaun, Boy rd- meat.
fuytfda, The Guts.
Curam, An Egg.

Quecuram, The Yolk of an Egg.

Lycuram, The White of an Egg.
Iti^yn, Butter.
Ih, Milk.
fuuloo^ Drink.
Vino, Wine.
Chide, Beer.
Cutan^ Pam or Sicknefs.
Aren^cutan, A Feaver.
Toli^onge}!, The Head.
Qancocultmo, The Hcad-ache
VenO'aren, Scabs.
Mungkn, A Wound.
Molbuen, Blood.
Touma, A blind Man.
Cawinto, A Meal.
Qoldou, The Small-pox.
Wbcuhu, A wild Beaft.
^4?7g;;, A Lyon.
Naguely A Tyger,
Cud^y, A Swine.
Mkhun, A Calf.
Vewe, A Moufe.
Waren, A Rat.
Twe-dett>e, A Mole.
Tewa, A Dog.
fulpeo, A Fox.
Guetaltuange, A Hare.
Noquen, A She- bear.

Lame, A Sea-Dog.
Lewio-cwc/;/, A wild Swine.
Gnwiamy A Bear.

fuido,

Chap. IL
Tucdo, A Sea-Goat.
Quelen, A Tail.
Chiliwekij A Sheep.
ZuneUj a Bird.
Ly^pe, A Plume.
Mepotinein, A Wing,
Dani-'mem, ANeft.
Achawaly a Hen.
'Jkhahawal, a Cock.
Tylken, A Duck.
Jecuy A Raven.
Guereo, A Magpye.
CogOj A Cuckow.
Kullyn, A Bee.
'Pw/Zf, A Flye.
Vulgumusky, The King of Bees
<Pgf<jr, A Loufe.
^erem, A Flea.
^/>o, A Worm.
Fi/o; A Serpent.

(Bylcumj AHedghog.
^o?iono, A Toad.
CW/^, AFilh.
C^B'e/, A Dolphin^
iewe, A Whale.
Fou^uij A Grigg.
Vilochalvay An Eel.
ChaditueUchalva, Salt-fifli.
Jnque?i-chahay DryM-fifh.
^in^'don, Oyfters.
Chapesy Mufsles.
Co'moti?j A Crab.
Qutchi(iutnchiOy a Falcon.
Manco, A Crane.
Choroi, A Parrot.
<P/7o, Dead.
Hto, Aone-ey'dPerfon.
Topil^oiy To fquint.
To/jf/, Lame.
(poo, A Bough.
J^mpomamel, Dry Wood.
^Bopemamel, Withered Wood.
Nohue, An Acorn.
Ts^tdo^lpciSy A Vineyard.^
NiJw, A Pole.
Vaiigueiiy Straw^berries.
CouchoiP, Black-berries.
Lituej Toadftools.
^ilun-proquey Plantain.

Qalka'ty Clove rpgrafs.

AMERICA.
Quri, Stinking Nettles.
Tragyn, Flowers.
Mamjiy Seed.
MetheUj Meal.
Qhiqueletiy To gathero
Gueli-Va?ica, Coral.
IQfpiy GhCs.
Cudij A Milftone.
fpe/, Miid or Dirt.
Tajfaquidoy A Treafurc.
GuengUy A Marriage-Portion*
Derert'Culyrij A Debt.
Culyn, A Reward.
WilUwytiy Single-money,
Guyriy One.
Ep/'o, Two.
Quila, Three.
Meliy Four.
QuechUy Five.
Gy/w, Six.
5^g^/i, Seveii.
furay Eight.
Ctt//<i, Nine.
MaripatacOj A hundred*
Marama, A thoufand.

Guiltuiy A Kernel.
T^]7e/, Leaves.
Ni/, The Bark.
PW/?, The Smell.
OaMy The Body.
Lai-cakl, A dead Corps.
?^fw, Flefli.
Molviriy Blood.
'Bora, A Leg.
TelquiyThe Skin.
Fe/, The Sinews.
Fen^mohin, A Vein.
QongOy The Head.
To/, The Forehead.
Lengletiy The Scull.
Lowco, The Hair,
TerenAoncOy Grey.
Lo/o, The Brain.
Jnzen. The Face,
Trf, The Jaws.
Ne, The Eyes.
Tacune, The Members.
Dewew, The Eyc^brows.
Ju, The Nofe.
Te/o/w, The Koftrils,
M m m 3

Meyum,

J M
Meyu-m, Snot.
^ilimiy The Ears.
Oufij A Mouth.
Jdemj Sweat.
(ineweuy The Tongue.
Meihue^ The Lips.
^orUy The Teeth.
/(g^, The Gums.
BidaSida^ The Roof of the Mouth.
Cain^ Spittle.
Mt};^, The Throat.
lS[een^ The Breath,
Quette, The Chin.
^dion^ The Beard.
"Pel, The Neck.
il^/j^?2, The Shoulders,
^uilpa. An Arm.
Cue, A Hand.
Mancue, The Righc=hand.
Mekcoe, The Left-hand.
fu!ey.cue, The Palm of the Hand.
0;d?;^d-cfie, The Fingers.
'Butu^changel, The Thumb.
r/7i, The Nails.
ZeVo^ The Bread.
Mo;^3, The Nipples.
. ^/^e, The Belly,
M^cJJo, The Navel.
C^di, The Ribs.
S?/r^, The Back.
Anca, The Sides.
Qutchio, The Buttocks*
^i-m?!, A Man's Genital Parts.'
Metu, A Womans.
(^/;^, The Thighs.
Lucu, The Knees.
Metunthoy^ The Knee-Bone.
He??ium, The Calves.
I{amonj The Feet.
!P/c/e, The Heart.
iV/oc, The Lungs.
Qucy The Maw.
OW^tt^, The Liver.
Vaca, The Milt.
^^Wc/;^, The Guts.
)^///m, The Bladder.
Momay, To Stink.
fpelengjley^ A Spider.
7;/c/;c, L
^^^^/, He.

E %^I C A
Inchen^ We.
T'fcf^^fw :we;z^ You People.
Li^?/^^,Thore People,
Emma^ So.
Mi A, No.
fichume'i^ Hard by.
A^erlugeij Far.
Taymen, Again ft.
WoecuHj Without.
Compay^ Within.
Tulon^ Below.
IVono^ Above.
^uri, Behind.
Junengen^ Before.
Quelle h J Near.
Munai, Enough,
Jkngei, Too much.
Munalai^ Too little.
QbcmihU, Wherefore..
Fenibla, Therefore,
Fei-tnai, Let it be fo,
Weij Thefc.
Temujieij Fair.
IVoraneij Ugly.
]>(ewomi, Strong.
Leptmigei, Swift.
ChoH^i^o Lazie.
JltloHconeij Very wife.
Wentanmij Valiant.
Quemieij Proud.
Qilenet^ Rich.
Qmewal, Poor,
ToucoUj Foolifh ^
Molgei, Naked,
Ilun^ei, Clothed.
Queten, Narrow,
Jfiqueu, Dry.
Trequw, Bountifu!,
'Butaj Great.
fichij Little.
Montingd, Fat.
ToutaUj Lean.
Teuun, Coloured.
Queli, Red.
Calhu, Blue.
Caret, Green.
Choot, Yellow.
Cufij Black.
, Lye, White.

Cha

P'

Niila'C^jUf

Chap. IL
Nilla'Caju, To change.
lllawyn, Giving.
Tuignci,To be merry.
UmatujUj Sleeping.
Litneji, To wake out of Sleep.
!Bew^^, To Build.
^layn. To findVangendynj To lofe.
]>{ecul. To run.
Amoriy To go.
Utalegeriy To ftand.
Jucheleyn, To lie down.
Tecatien jTo dzncc.
^adenatum^To falL
Utalenen, To rife.
y^Viwge, To fit.
Dimgne, To fpeak.
Te??ie/n/^e, Tobc filcnc.
^uronge^ To Sing.
^ycw^e,To call.
2ttij7d;f To come.
len^ To eat.:

!Btm, To .drink.
^e^^f, To go to Stool.
J'T/Z/dm, To Urine.
Qudepainj To play.
Locatum^To fcold.
Meco-S^yn, To carry.
Chuquin, To ileal. ^
Guallulueno, To reftore.
felteney. To pay.
JLiJ)', To die.
(2^gw^4/gd, To be buried.
Quedau capay, Working.
Intunge millo^ To dig for Gold.
Killa'teubyn, To fell.
Ni/Z^-t'iw, To buy. ^ V/ vj
Qu'imli wl tiiml picly I cannot underftand
you.
Chupipaimiy What do you ?
ChampatlaylS^othmg.
Jue't p'mgeimtj What is your Name ?
Juan pingerij I am call'd Jolm.
Cheo ruaimi, Whither do you go ?
Moppo muruam, I go into the Countrey.
Cheo tut mi^ From whence came you ?
Mro comotouHy I came from home.
Chumel quipai, tuai miy When (hall you
come ?

J M E R I C J.

tf3P

Chumcl pratuai miy When fhall you go ?

Ak prungi tamrucix^ Is your Habitation far
from hence ?
ficherungei, It is hard by.
Aleprungei, It is farther.
Incht qu'tparuvi camappumUy I intend to go
into another Countrey.
Chemnibla qui parui cammappumu, Why will
you go into another Countrey ?
MerelyatiyamappumUy Here is no Provifion.
Alethelay tioachi tipanto, henchliaale geniep
ayn, The year hath been unfruitful,
and therefore we want.
Cheo mappungen tamichau, In what Province
dwells your Father ?
Alu ei ei, The Devil hath fetch'd him
away.
Ai eimi ruaju inchio, Will you keep him
company ? -
Ailan, No, I will not.
^ien, I will.'
Chuben quecken neieimt tania, Have you any
thing to give us to eat ?
Ca7ican achawal , Yes , I have roafted
Hens.
Mu wyy How many ?
Munalei enchintayia. There will be enough
for us.
Chuhen putuayn. Where fliall we Drink ?
Aile Mangunmeinis, I thank you.
j Chuhen domo triyo, What Woman is this ?
Inchi tan curt y It is my Wife.
jSlj na'VCy My Daughter.
Ki domoy My Concubine.
y^lei teminigei yei domOj It is a handfom
Woman.
Qui pangneij Come hither.
Amotungey Run away.
Umatuayn, Let us go to Bed.

Utajucay Let us rife.

Wira cuchai compay tan mappumu. The Spaniards are fall'n into this Countrey.
Qnipaiipaicha laimiy Shall we Fight together ?
Waiquenagelan, I have no Arms.
hna en pea in Waiquiy Follow rac, and I
will get Arms.
All team inchey lam contented=*

Th^

^EJH^^^

<f3<J

A M E'R^IC A.

Chap. II;

*ff

'B^a^.^aTl ^\ \'"' "'"^" ^^'"'"^^ -^'^ Command, ^<, .^J^,. f.^m

S..^fe :o CW, brought the forcmention'd Vocabulary along with them
Lhm IS look d upon as no WaV inferinr rr* ^,r r^^ ^
w- rr ;:;t:i:rt's,?/''"'" --"^ '''"- '-- "-"ricKSj V(^. it. Ja^o and L Imferiai. ' SSi^nni Sorne of the Chilejes are under the S;!a,Vdj Jurifdiaion, and
live in H,
-S- others being w.lder, defend their Freedom with the Sword ThevLv"'
Heads and flat Nofes : The Men continually p,l out the hI oJhTir Faces'
Td
Pr.vu:es wh S Wis wh.ch they carry about their Necks for that purpofe
hav n1
beforehand rubb'd the Hair with warm Aflies . the Hair of their h!,71^

do.wards iscutclofe as far as their Ears, the'reil g":;:/, t'^f^Jw^hThf

R.bbon WW., to which Perfons of Quality fix Silvef Piatt and TrX^
Some alfo cover their Heads with the Skins of Weazels or the lik. r " fl
' '
the Head over their Foreheads, and the Tail dollth t N w ic kind'o^c?
fal W co?o!f "tu7 f '"'''^' t"' ""^""S '"' "'" '"' ''"^i" ^ -!>- and
lallow colour : Thofe that are in the Sp.mards Service, wear lona H^.v k
u- I
imaginable. The Women are for the mod part low of ftature, but of a
ftrons
Conftuuuon, they go bareheaded, letting their Hair hang loof over their
Shouf
ders.exccp: when chey are indilpos'd, and then they tie it L : Butlhofe
It dwell
bout C^^o wear Locks like our E,,.p Ladies. L O.ulu and I ,1 they l"
after the lame manner as the ?.>,. Women : AH of them have thick black
Haif
rK t a ^^'"> ''""^'^ """ ^ ""' The Men wear wide Breeches drt
about
:he.r Wades, and a p.ece of woollen Cloth, three Yards long aad tv^:
bro' "which
having

Chap, II. ^ M E %^I C A.

havin<y a Hole in the middle, they put over their Heads, and (o let it
hang ou
their Shoiildevs, leaving their Arms and Legs bare j but on Feftival
Days they v^^ear
curious embroidered Stockings. The Women likewife cover themfelves with
the
fame piece of Cloth, but afcer another manner, tying it firft about
their Middle,
then let it down to the Ground, pinn'd before with Silver or Golden Pins
^ their
Heads, Breads and Legs are uncovered j the Cloth itfelf is ftrip'd with
red, white,
blue, and yellow, and fring'd at the edges. For an Example of their
quick and
eafie Labor, Hoidrick brewer relates. That a Woman being Delivered in
his Ship,
within an hour after walk'd up and down the Deck, and gave the Child
fuck.
Some of them have fuch great Breafts, that throwing them over their
Shoulders
they fucklc their Children, being ty'd at their Backs.
Their Huts being low, are made of Straw, Canes, and Boughs, and not buik
for one (Ingle Family ; for often thirty, fifty, a hundred, or a hundred

and twenty
dwell under one Roof, and have a Governor, by them call'd Caruca.
Their Houfholdftuffis little and mean, vi;^,. two or three Cans to keep
their Liqiior Chka in, Horn Cups, a Stone whereon they grind their Corn, znd one
or two
woodden Stools : The chiefefl of them alfo ufe Sheep-skins, which they
fpread on
the Ground before their Guefls. They live without care, for they neither
Sowe
nor Plant any more than will ferve them a Year.
Their Riches confift in Cattel, of which they have no great plenty.
About the beginning of Ofloher a whole Town meets together to Plough and
to
Sowe, which the Men perform in two days time, the reft of the Work being
left
to the care of the Women ; for the Men never meddle with Reaping or
Harveft.
They eat and diink from Morning to Evening, when they do not travel, for
then they eat at feticimes. Their Liquor is made of Bariey^Meal, or
Wheat
boyl'd in Water. On Feftival Days they drink Chica, Brew'd of Mai:^
chew'd by
the Teeth of old Women. They likewife make a Liquor of the Fruit Unniy
which
taftes like Madera. Wine.
Every Man Marries as many Wives as he can buy and maintain, for Maids
and Their Mar^
Widows muft be fold by the Parents, who fee not a Price upon them
according to ''^^"'
their Beauty or Quality, but their skill in managing Houfliold Affairs.
Their
Marriages are performed after a ftrange manner : A Son having no
Inheritance,
lives on the Charity of his neareft Relations, who Prefent him, ooe with
a Hog,
another with a Cow, a third with a Sheep, and a fourth with fome what
elfe : thus
enrich'd, he goes to his Miftrefles Father, and hangs fome Turkoifes and
Plates of
Silver about his Neck, and acquainting him with what Eftate he can make
his
Wife, he agrees as well as he can with his intended Father-in-law, to
whom he
gives ten, fifty, or a hundred Sheep, Oxen, Cows, Hogs, Horfes,
Poultrey, a Coat;,
and fome Veflels full o^ Chica j which done, the Father leads his
Daughter to the
Bridegroom's Houfe, where he is Entertain'd with Meat, but finds the
Drink at his
own Coft. Some days after the Celebration of the Wedding, the neareft
Relations come to congratulate the young Marry'd Woman, and at Dinner fing an

Eftthalamium to their Nuptial Deity Maruapeante, all of them fitting on the

Ground on
Sheepskins. The Allies often take away a Woman from her Husband,
efpecially
when he mifufes her j and if a Man kill his Wifejier Death is reveng'd
by her Rela
tions. Perfons of Quality build a Hut for every one of their Wives,
fending word
to her whom they have a mind to enjoy ; They refped^ one above the reft,
who
are in a manner but Slavefles, being forc'd to do all the Drudgery. The
Men are
exceeding jealous and chollerick, cruelly beating their Wives, if they
chance but to
look on another Man J and if they take them in the Ad of Adultery, they
ira^, , ,. mediately

Their Religion, and

manuer of
burying, tbeir
Dead.

Their Cruel
ufage of Pri
fcncis.

<^4^ yiME^ICJ. Chap. 11.

mediately kill them ; yet for all this they are not Chafte, but very
Libidinous As
foon as a Woman .s Deliver'd of a Child, fte wafhes her felf and the
Child in cold
Water then kills a Lamb call'd ChUurac^ue, and makes a Feaft . at
which {he her
felf eats and drmks freely amongft the reft, and the next day goes about
her ufual
Employment.
The S^mkrds tell us, that their Women, if they continue long in this
Countrev
are more and more hardned by the Air, and are as little concern'd at the
Birth of a
Child as the Natives.
A Widow hath free leave to Marry again, provided (he hath given to her
Chil.

dren part of what fhe hath, but if flie Marry not, but return to her
Parents, then
flie IS highly efteem d of. '
Both Men and Women wafl, themfelves in the Rivers in the coldeft
Weather.
They adore chiefly their Deity ^an, and the Devil, who doth them much
hurt.
They acknowledge no Refurreaion,accounting long Life in this World the
greateft
Good; wherefore when any one dies, the Friends and Relations make a
doleful
?^r fl i ". 'he dead Body to lie three, nay, four Moneths before they
bury
them, fluffing them full of ftrong fmelling Herbs, to keep them from
putrifying :
Three days before their Interrment the neareft Allies meet, kill a Sheep
make
Merry, and throw the Body into a Hole near the Hut in which the Deceafed
dwelt,
fheGrU '"" ^''""" ''"^' ^"'^ ^ J^Sf^^-^f ''^ Liquor a..."tc:
Concerning their Idol R/K to whom with ftrange Geftures they Sing divers
mfflo^l,"" 'I" ""-^u \'''"'' "'^'^^ ^''' -'J Governs all thin'gs on^Ea
th.
Som ftippofehim tobe Thunder, and therefore they worlhip him in a moft
parnculr manner when they hear itThunder^ for then they flick an Arrow and
StoneA,,,, he Ground and take Arms into their Hands, putting themfelves
nto apoftureasif they fliould fuddenly be fet upon by a mighty Enemy,
and
ook d upon It heretofore as a fore-running of thcSpamards .pprcth'whofe
Cruel,
ties they exceedingly dreaded.
They call all their Hero's mans, and afctibe Divine powers to them
They take very much ftrong Tobacco, the Smoak whereof puffing in the Air
with ftrange Geftures, they cry, %f,VtW., Of. &. ^ ^
When they return home Conquerors from any Vi<ftory, they put a Stone Av
into the Ground and ftandingArm'd round about the fame, Drink
exceedingly
and fing a Songin honor of fiUau. They ufe their Prifoners very cruelly
Vol
orcing them to Dance and make Merry, amongft them, they on a fudden
cleave
wll'tr r^'f ^"'1.^''^ "'"""'^''^"^^<^'"' -''^'^ 'he fame
wuh their Tee h. After the fame manner they punifli their Robbers and
Iraitors; but thole that have good ftoie of (ffc to Prefent the
Governors with
dcape the Execution : Yet this cannot buy off Sorcerers or Witches, who
are'

without mercy burnt alive, with all they enjoy "d.

They have no Priefts, nor any thatpretend to any religious Fundion onely
thofe that can Sing thetP.*.,, well, are in great efteem amongft them. '
^
muft mI u u'"I ^"''"'^""" ('hey fay) informs them in a Dream when they
-e^s DruTj ^r "" ' ^'^" "''^ '^'""^^'"^ ^^^" '^'V ^-^ -^^e them!
lelves Drunk, and fung Sonnets to his praifc.
ThisCountreyisGovern-d by prime Perfons, call'd MW, or peculiar Lords,
tundtdT .Th "J- -d C Command twenty five, iometimes fifty
onft t int iTf. T u'" ^"" ""'^'^^ " """ ^^' ^he People
together, an^d
confulting with them about State-Aifairs, which they dare not do with
any particiilar

Chap. If. ^A M E R t C A. <?43

ciilar Perion, nor Levy any Tax wichouc excraordinary occafion. They are
bound
to march in the Front of their Siibjeds againft an Enemy, and are under
a Governor-General caird JpocuracCj or under a 2<lentoqiie, Other leiTcr
Offices are diipos'd
bf by the Curacesj or Tuhnes ; but their Neto^iques are chofen after
this manner^ V/;^. x^e manner
When that honorable Place is vacant^ then whoever aims at ic^ computes
with him^ "jsem^fji'^^
felf whether his Means will extend fo far as to treat the Curaces and
^ulmenes with a
noble Treat - which if he is able to do, then he fends for them to an
appointed
place, whither they all go ArmM,and whileft they are eating and
drinking, he that
defires the Place begins to tell them of his noble Extrad, valiant
Exploits, Riches^
and eminent Relations, and therefore dedres the Place of the deceafed
I^entoque :
then the Qurace rifing, the intended ISLentoqus hangs a Chain
ofTurkoifes, or Cocklefhells about his Neck j whereupon the Qurace moves the reft to the
Eledion,
without any Articles, the new Nentoque onely promifing to Govern all
things for
the beft advantage and benefit of the common State : which done, the
Curace takes
the Chain oiTurkoifesj and diftributes them amongft the primeft Perfons
of Qua-

lity, and fo they end the Day in Drinking, Dancing and Singing*
After the fame manner they chufe an Jpocurace, or prime Governor ; which
of
late the Ucas, that they may enjoy the more Priviledge themfelves, have
not
elected.
The Chilefes Arms confift of Lan^ces as long again as the Europeans,
made ThdrArms;
fharp at the Points. They alfo ufe Clubs plated with Iron, znd Spamfi
Swoxds,
The f niches J who dwell behind the high Mountains Cordilhraj ufe
poyfon'd Arrows,
make Helmets and Breaftplates of Oxhides, which neither Sword nor Arrow
can
enter: they all know how to manage a Horfe, and the ufe of a Lance, but
are
very much afraid of Mufquets or Firecocks.
Becaufe they can neither write nor read, the Governor by a faithful
Mefienger
fends to his inferior Officers fuch Commands as he judges may tend to
the moft
advantage of the Publick both in Peace and War. This Meffenger carries
an
Arrow with a Ribbon, as a Sign of his Employment ^ the Arrow is held in
the
Right-hand, and if he who receives it will anfwerthe Meflage, then he
fends back
the fame Arrow with another j but if he judges it convenient to acquaint
any other
Curaces and ^ulmenes with the fame MefTage, then he fends one of his own
Servants
to them with the fame Arrow.
As touching the Climate and Produdion of Gi/i, this Account is given by
an ^^^^^^^"^
Eyewitnefs : " The Winter Seafon (faith he) is fo terapeftuous, that
fometimes^^^'^'*' the Trees are not onely blown up by the Roots, but the Earth it felf
is rent afuoderj fome Valleys being fill'd with Snow, fwell the Rivers exceedingly
when
it melts, which overflowing part of the Courltrey, makes the fame very
fruitful,
'' It is alfoextream cold here, becaufe fuch Oiarp Winds blow from the
Moun'* tain's, that they pierce through the Skin and Flefli of a Man : and
indeed thefe
^^ Winds would make the whole Countrey defolate, were not the Mountains
over'* grown with great Oaken Trees, againft which the Wind breaks.
Moreover, the
" Valleys produce Coals, which ferve the Inhabitants for FeweL The

Winter be'^ reaves the Trees of Leaves j but not thofe which grow in the
Wildernefles. In
" March the Fields are full of innumerable forts of fweet-fpelling
Flowers ; out of
^' fome whereof are boyl'd the Angel-Water, fo call'd for its fmell and
wholfom
" tafte. The Grafs grows in TSloyemher and December as high as-our
fl:anding Corn.
" Turnips, Mint, Clover, and Muftard^feed, grow naturally for feveral
Leagues
"together. Likewife excellent Phyfical Herbs grow here, whofe power and
ope*
'' ration their Dodors, call'd M^id, keep from the Spaniards. Thefe M^d
are in great

IC

"'p

r^?

eiteera

cc

CI

ic

IC

ic

(C

((

Troublcfum
Pafl'jge from
Pfto Chili.

The Val'e/
Copny.wo.

H4- AMERICA. i^i^jap.

^^efteem. not onely amongft tht Qhtlefes, but alfo the Spaniards, for
their great skill
" in Phyfick. Amongft thefe Herbs the chiefeft is callM Quindamali which
crows
*' but halF a hands^breadth above the Ground_, and fpreads into feveral
Stalks
like a Nofegay j and on each Stalk is a Saffron.colour'd Flower. This
Herb
puil'd up with the Root, and boyl'd, and the Decodion given to any one
that is
'^ bruis'd within, works moft wonderfully, for it draws out the
putrifi'd Blood
though funk never fo deep in the Wound. Moreover the Juice of Culen is
alfo
very healing,if us'd for an Ointment,or pour'd on any Wound. This Herb
by the
Spaniards call'd Jlbaciga^ hath fweet-fmelling Leaves, and a tall Body.
In feme
places alfo grows an Herb, not unlike Grafs, which boy Td in Water,
itnmedi*
' ately cures the Feaver and Spleen, and cleanfes the Blood. There are
likewife
' Medicines here^ which dilfolving the Stone in the Bladder or Kidneys,
caufe it to
*' be urin'd forth. The Plant Luce, which grows out of rented Rocks
which are
" often overflowed by the Sea, makes a fort of well tafted Bread.
The Wildernefs^t4Cdwzd, which makes a Boundary betwixt Teruand Chili
extends
Northward ninety Leagues, is dry and barren in Summer^ and in the Winter
exceeding cold, and covered with Snow. No Provifion is to be found upon
it, except
a few wild Sheep, call'd Guattacos, About the middle thereof the Brook
La Sal
riling in the Eaftern Mountains, flows Weftward through a deep Valley to
the
Southern Ocean.

The Water of the fore-mentionM Brook put into any Veflcl, immediately
turns
to Salt, and all along the Shore lie greater orlefler pieces of Salt ;
fo that the Way
from fern to Chili through Jtacatna is very troublefom : but that which
leads thither over the fnowy Mountains Jndes, is much worfe, becaufe it is
farther about,
and threatens the Traveller with Deftrudion, if he obferve not the right
Seafon of
the Year ; for in the Winter there blows fuch acold Wind on thefe
Mountains,that
a Man,being fuddenly benumm'd, falls down dead on the Ground, and grows
ftifF
againft all putrefadion. Jofeph de Jcofta tells us, that Bodies have
been found there
as firm and found, as if they had been living, which had fome years
before breathed
their laft on the faid Mountains.
But Diego Jlmagro, who firft difcovcr'd Q?ili, Anno 1536. went thither
with two
Companies of Horfe, and five hundred Foot, through the Countreys Char
cos, Chic as
Xiixayes, and Q?aqua?ia, and having pafs'd over a craggy Soil and the
fnowy Mountains ^^?;, heentredinto the (ix&: Chilean Y&Wey Capayapo, having loft
no fmall
number oF Men and Horfes with HardQiip and Cold 5 the inconvenience
therefore of both the fore-mention d Ways between (perumdChili, forc'd
Travellers to
go along the Shore wafli'd by the Southern Ocean. Copayapo bears that
Denomi*
nation from the Turkoi/esvj hich a Mountain produces there in great
abundance.
The Valley it felf is the fruitfulleft of all Chili j for in no place
theMai;^ throws better,and in greater abundance than here, the Ears being half a Yard long,
and the
Stalks the length of a Lance ; each Grain that is Sow'n, yields at leaft
three hundred in Harveft. All Spanip Fruits grow better here than in Spain.
Through the midft of Qpayapo runs a River of the fame Denomination, and
twenty Leagues in length from the Andes, and at its Mouth hath a
convenient Harbor before the South Sea.
The South part ofCopayapa borders the Valley Guafco, which is lefs
fruitful than
the firft, but hath a convenient Haven, into which falls a frefli River,
penned in by
Sluces for the watering of the Cane-Fields. Moreover, there are plenty
of Par.
tndges ; alfo wild Sheep and grey Squirrel-skins are of a great value.

To the
Southward flow alfo the Rivers Maypo, Qhacha Pool, Loro, and Moule,
Beyond

Chap, il. -^ ME K IC A ; H^
Beyond thcfe Screams Eaft ward, ihcfyomoucasd\Nd\nw ilk Uonntzins Jndes.
In the Valley Qnli, which gives Denomination to the whole Countrey, were
formerly the famous Gold-Mines QMillatJ^, from whence Faldma, Anno 1
544, carry'd an invaluable Treafure. The South- Sea makes here a large and
convenient
Harbor for all manner of Veffels, built two Leagues below the City
Serena, at a little River, which fo moiilensthe low Countrey, that it produces all
manner of
Plants. Itrainsherenocabove three times ayear.
From the Entertainment which Sir Francis 'Drake met withal here, may
fufficiently be conjedurM the Power of Serena ; for when the Bi^Ujh Landed here
for
Water they were driven away not without great lofs by three hundred
Caftthan
Horfe,' and two hundred Foot that SallyM out of the City. The Mines,
though
they inclofemuch Gold, yet they produce but little, becaufe the
Spamards, according to the teftimony of a Chilean Pilot, whom Oliver yan K^ort took
Pnioner, deftroyM all theancient Inhabitants that fliould have help'd them to dig
the Gold.
The City SuJagQ, lying near the Stream topocalma, receives great benefit
by the
Haven Faharayfo, which makes the fore.mentionM River, becaufc in that
Haven
all Goods that come from Lima are unladen, and the Goods Hiipp'd aboard
The
Countrey about the fame produces plenty of Wines, Apples, Corn, and all
forts of
Cattel and efpeciallyHorfes in fuch abundance, that thoulandsofthem rim
wild.
In Falparayfo Sir Francis Drake took a Ship from Faldma, laden with two
thoufand five hundred Bars of fine Gold. But the Hetherhnd Admiral, Joris
Sptlbergen;
had not fuch good, fuccefs, who Sailing thither with five Ships, Jnno 1
615. dilco.
verM a Spam[h Ship in the Harbor where fending his Boats well MannM to
fetch
offa VelTel that lay halM on the Shore,they found it burning,and

thereupon Steer d
their Courfe into a little Inlet full
Spaniards m Read ot
Breaft.works for lying behind them,
Hollander- sj yet
M^er^.. Landing with two hundred Men,
5p.m//p
Soldiers, ind Horfes drawn out on the

of Rocks, which ferv'd the

they fir'd continually on the
met a confiderablenumber of
Shore, from whom they foon fled.

Before the City La Conception lies the Ifland Quiriquyna, whofe Straw
Huts Spilberaen laid in Afties. ^
At the time when Oliver Van Noort came to an Anchor here, the Governor
tran.
cifcm de guinones Commanded feven hundred Spamfi Soldiers to reduce the
revolted
Chilefes. ' , - ^ ., . 1 i r 1
Four Leagues from Conception lie the rich Gold-Mines ^ulacoya, which
formerly
produced great Riches. ^ th j vr
Over againft the Valley >4co, which rifes out of the Sea, lies the
Ifland Afm./,
in a large Inlet made by the force of the Waves. ^
Here grows abundance of Wheat and Barley. The Rivers alio afford plenty
of Fidi, amongft which there is one called The Lake-Spider /m whofe Eyes
are to be
feen little Specks, which would exceed Pearl, if they were but hard
enough.
Two Spaniards Command forty Natives on Maria, and keep them in fuch
flavery ,
that they may neither eat Apples, Pears, Grapes, Foukrey, or Sheep,
though they
arc there in great abundance. ' . r t n jr
Eto Berkmansw^s once in probability to have taken poffciTion of this
Ifland tor
the JSietherland State, had he not been prevented by an extraordinary
occafion.
Between the Towns Conception and Imperial lie the Provinces Arauco,
Tucapel, and
furen inhabited by a valiant People, that often alarm the Spaniards. In
each Pro.
y'mcc FaldiVia built a Fort in the Year 1 55X. eight Leagues diftant
from one another.
He alfo difcoverM t^e rich Gold^Miaes De 0?igol, and bdilt the Fort
Confines there.

The Natives hereabouts being exceedingly oppreft by the Spaniards, fell

upon
Nnn ^'^^

ti

Defcription
of Arauco.

6^6 A M E R I C A Chap. IL
the rort in ftiren^ where thofe in the Garrifon, unable to defend
themfeives went
rf Sone;, ^^ ^^'"^^i'^^^j ^^^ ^^^o"^ ihtncQ to Arauco, to Settle there.
VaUiVia marching with three
r^t.X';h'^^""'^^'^'^ ^^^ ^ ^^^ ^^^^^ inTwc^^f/, was fo fiercely
aflaulted at the River Leto,
irK/.<^:,r.that all his Men were killM, and he himfelf being taken
Prifoner, had melted Gold
pour'd down his Throat : One Boy onely efcaping, brought the news to
thofe in
Garrifon in the Fort Arauco, who fled to La Conception^ as thofe from
furefj to Imperial,
Not long after the Lieutenant Francifco de Vtllagra went with a hundred
and iixty
Soldiers to <^aquetta, a Promontory againft the South Sea in Jrauco, to
take Revenge for the Death of his General FaUtvia but he alfo had like to
have followed
the fame fate, for he left ninety fix Men behind him, and with much ado
recovered
La Conception : By which means the vi^orious Chilefes came to be fo much
fear'd
that the Spaniards forfook the Towns 1{ica, St. Jago, and Qonfines, and
fortifi'd themfeives ftrongly in ///2/?^m/.
Concerning Jrauco, it is a fmall County, twenty Leagues long and feven
broad.
The Inhabitants thereof are ftrangcly valiant j thofe that inhabit the
Mountains are
call'd f niches, ^nd are generally of a duller Spirit than thofe that
dwell in the Valleys ; all of them ufe long Pikes, Halberds, Bowes and Arrows, Helmets
and

Breaflplates of Deer-skins, in the Wars 5 they know when to clofeand

open'their
Ranks, and (land in good order according to Martial Difcipline, which
makes the
Spamjl King receive little benefit from Arauco, though it is full of
rich Mines becaufe thofe in Garrifon being five hundred in number, dare not come out
of their
Fort.
To Arauco belongs the l/land La Mocha, low on the North fide, and rocky
on the
South ; againft which the Ocean breaks its Billows : in the middle of it
rifes a
fplit Mountain, out of whofc Gap flows a frefli Brook ; the fruitful
Soyl produces
abundance of Pumpeons, Maiz, Potato's, and all manner of delicious
Fruit- as
alfo Oxen Sheep , and other Cattel, which go grazing up and down in
great
Herds 5 the \illage that is upon it boafcs about fifty Huts, built long
of Straw,
with a Door in the middle^ and round like an Arch on the top.
Sir Francis Drake and Candifi were formerly fomewhat roughly Entertained
here
by the Inhabitants : but they (liew'd themfeives fomewhat more civil to
the Dutch
a.a .,;;;:? ^'^"^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^ Hoon and Joris Sptlbergen : The firft
coming to an Anchor here
i::^^:'^ ^''"' ' ^''^ """' -^'^'^ Clae/i^oon (Condemn'd for fome great
Crime to be Landed
M.,.. on fome ftrange Place) aOiore on Lt Mocha, with a kw Trifles . for
which being
kindly Eotertain'd, the Seamen refolvM to go afhore the next dly, who
were likewile civilly Treated. The Governor of Mocha coming aboard, Lodg'd a
Night in
the Ship, and afterwards conduced the Admiral through the Village, but
forbad
the Seamen from entring any of the Huts ; out of which the Women upon
the
hearing of a iudden noife, came running out, and kneelM down on the
Ground in
three Parties, whilefl:an old Matron came forth with a Pitcher full of
Chtca and
gave each of the Netherlander s a Cup full to drink, fitting on Blocks
in the Fields.
A Man Marries as many Wives here as he can maintain. They alflive
peaceab y one with another, and go Cloth'd with a pair of Breeches, and Frock
without
Sleeves. The Women tie their Hair in Braids about their Heads, but the
Men let
It hang down carelefly.

Fifteen years after S^ilberoen Landing here with four well Mann'd Boats,
found
the Shore full of People, who had brought all manner of Provifions to
barter
agamft Axes and Knives. The Iflanders going aboard, wondred to fee the
Soldiers
drawn out m order, and much more when aGunwasfir'd: They furni(h'd the
HolUdcrs WKh a hundred Sheep, amongft which was one with an
extraordinary
long Neck, and Legs, Hair, Mouth, and Back like a Cammel. The

Van Xoo>

Chap. IV. <a M E K I C A.

The Netherlafid Admiral, Hendrkk (Bre^ipei'j coming to an Anchor on the
Coaft of
Guadala?ique?ij Anno 1643. was informed by the Cbilefes, that about four
years before they had burnt Baldiyia^ murder'd the Spaniards that were in
Garrifon, and
pour'd melted Gold down the Governor's Throat and into his Ears, and
made a
DrinkingeCup of his Scull, and Trumpets of his Shin. bones. Srn>fr alio
found
fome Ruines of the City, which formerly boafted four hundred and fifty
Houfes,
and was not yet fo utterly defac'd, but that the two Markets and crofs
Streets were
plainly to be feen, and the Walls gave fufficient teftimony of its
ancient luftre.
The Countrey round about produces Wheat and Barley ; neither are there
any
Mines to be foimd that produce finer Gold than thofe which are
hereabouts. In
the Mouth of the River which runs to 'Baldiyia, lies a fmall Ifle, the
Men whereof
are grofs and fat^, and fpend their time in Drinking and Dancing,
whileft the Women do all the Work.
About the City Oforno, though lying under a cold Climate, is a Soil full
of
GoldeMine^j where above two thoufand Cbilefes arc under the fubjedion of
the
Spaniards.
Since Tennis S^arte'Teun conquered and ruin'd this Place with fmall
Forces un^
der S^ilhergens Command;, it hath not yet repaired its Lofles ; The
Ruines of great
Buildings are fufficient teftimonies of its former fplendor.

On the utmoft Point of the Ifland, on which Oforno is built, lies the
Village CareU
Mappo, burnt by H, Brewer, An. 1643. for he Landing fixty fix Men here,
under the
Command of the Enfign Blaueipenhaen^ they Engag'd with ninety Spaniards,
who betook themfelves to the Woods, leaving fix Men and fifteen Horfes behind
them.
The SeaCoaft o^ Chile lies as followeth : It begins on the North with
the V^lley Copayaj)Oj runs Southerly to the Haven Coq^uimha, and makes the
large Inlet Atongayo 5 the convenient Harbor Quintero, at the Mouth of the River
Concaguaj is alfo to
the Southward.
Nexc Quintero follow the Havens Valj^urayfdy To^ocalma^ and Tenco^ known
by feveral Mountains cover'd with Snow.
The Stream Labafi difembogues alfo in the Bay Arauco^ where the Sea
waihing
over the Shore, makes good Salt.
On the Shore of the River Lebo, Garcias Mendo:^a built the Town Canete,
which
not long after was deferted, by reafon of the Wars with the Cbilefes.
From the Haven Carnero a Channel runs to the City Qonfims : alfo the
River
Cauten makes a convenient Harbor before the City Imperial,
Next appear the Streams Token, Queule, ValdiVta^ Cbabin, and Bueno ; and
near
the Promontory Gallego^ Qbili ends to the South.
Eaftward up into the Countrey lies the great Province Tucuman^ inhabited
by
three forts of People, "Vi^. Juries, T^iagnitas, and Tucumans, from whom
the Countrey
receives its Denomination, and juts Northward againfl the ChicMj
belonging to the
rich PlatesCountrey "Porci//, Eaftward towards the ProvinceX^ fUta, and
Weftward
towards the South Sea.
The Ground about the City St, J ago del Eftero, formerly call'd Vares
^hc'ingthQ
Bifhop's See ,and Refidence of the Governors, is brackifli and fandy*
The Citizens are moft of them Weavers - the Natives go Cloth'd, and are of an
affable
Temper and Difpofition.
The River EJtera yearly overflows the Countrey, which being dung'd with

Mud, produces abundance of Mdi;^, Barley, Wheat, and all manner of

Fruits,
The Stream Salado runs the fame Courfe as the EJlera, from the Weft to
the Eaft
through a Plain-Conntrey, but hath brackifh Water, and abundance of
Fifli. BeN n n 2 tween

Defers prion
of the SeaCoaftofa/fr;

The Province
T'ucHnmtt,

'^^S

Proouflions
of the Coup.
trey, and Nature of the
People,

H-o A M E %I C A. Chap. IL
tweeii both thefe Rivers the Inhabitants get plenty of Honey, Wax,
Cotton and
Qichm'tk, Cattel alfo increafesin abundance, as likewife Deer, and other
Venifon *
and for Fowl, Partridges, Pigeons, and the like but the Tygers and
Lyons do
much mifchiefto the Inhabitants. Their chief Commodities for Trade and
Merchandife are Cloth, Cotton and Salt.
Garcias }Aendo:^a built the Towns Newp^ Londres in the Province Cakhaqui
and 6cr=
duha in the Territory of the Juries^ but they were both of them foon
deferted.
Behind ^eru m& La?latat\it'^hms.Oma^ua:^^ extend themfelves along the

Rivers Paraguay and !Bermeio, under a temperate Climate, where the

Inhabitants go
Clothed, and keep abundance of Cattel.
In moft places hereabouts breed wonderful large Baboons, with long Tails
and
-Beards ; which being wounded, pull the Arrows out of the Wound, and
throw
back the fame with a grim Countenance at thofe that (Boot them.
The Serpents are likewife fo big here, that they fwallow whole Deer.
The Rivers breed horrid Crocodiles, and the Woods, Lyons and Tygers.
The Inhabitants differ both in their Cuftoms and Language : the
generality of
them are continually Drunk. They keep yearly a great Feaft, to reconcilc the
Souls of their Predeceffors to them ; to which purpofe they bring as
many roafted
Oftriches as they have Souls to Offer to j then Drink three days after,
and on the
laft they carry the Head of a fair Virgin (who freely offers her feif to
be kiU'd)
about the Town, making afad and lamentable noife for the fpace of an
hour ; at
the end of which they all begin to laugh, and oftentimes fall a killing
one another :
which Cuftom is moftobferv'd amongft the Kdf^ram.
The Ahipones ^o nzkcd in Summer, and in the Winter Clothe themfelves
with
Furrs; they Paint their whole Bodies with Spots like the Tygers, Carve
their Bodies all over, making Cut. work of their Skins, into which they ftick
Oftriches
Feathers, as alfo through their Noftrils, Lips, and Ears, and account
Baldnefs the
greateft Beauty. They honor thofe for their Gods, who patiently endure
unfufferable Tortures. The Women Kang their Faces and Breafts full of Pearls :
They
never bring up above two Children, for they kill all above that number.
The flames range up and down without Habitations under the open Skie^
The Giants Tohae fpeak a curious Language, but are very falvage and
cruel.
Jnno i')7i,Erouaca, a prime Man amongft them, devoured his own Sifter,
Wife
Mother, and Children. When they defign to go a Journey, they roaft their
Sons
and Daughters, to ferve them for Provifions in' ftead of other Flefli j
and their Sick
are upon the leaft Complaint bury'd alive.
The Caaguiaaresj who dwell in Huts in great Woods, feed on Woorms, Mice,
Apes, Tygers, and wild Honey j moft of them are bunch-back'd, and go
clad
with the Skins of wild Beafts.

CHAP.

JTf^

Chctp. llh

A M E%^I C A:

'^\9

CHAP.

a^:eilamca.

Northward againft C/;/7j 2ind%iodelaflata juts the Countrey, which from

several voya,;
Ferdmmui Magaglwim is wrongly callM Magellanka j to which feveral VoyaZ^^^.f"^'^'
gcs have been made by fundry People from the North=Sea to the Sou*,
thcrn Ocean; divers Steering flill new eoiirfes: for fome follow'd the
Straights of
Magellan-^ others Sail'd more or lefs SouthAVeft : By which means Le
Matr open'd
a new PafTage between Mauritim and the States I/land j and H, Bremer , a
Way below
tht States -IJland'^ yet all Steer'd their Courfe Wefterly/o that none
of them returned
the fame Way, except Elias Herkmans and Capt. Ladrilkro^ the laftof whom
coming
from C/;i/i to go to the North=Sea, met with fuch Storms,, that he was
forced to
Tack about, and iland back again to Chili, as Herkmans did from Chili to
'Brafile.
Anno 1579. ^eter Sarmiento weighed Anchor with cwo Ships, and Sailing
from p^-^^o sarmu

' ' O L ^ U ento s ExpeQallao de Lima through the Straights of Magellan to Spain^ ran by the
Ifles Feltx and ''"'5.
Amber^ difcover'd in one Inlet eighty five Ides, moft of them defolate,
founded all
the Havens, found abundance of Oyders with Pearls in them, cail'd an
inlet Fran=>
cifcoj and a Mountain on the right^-haod, funta de la Gente %uhra,
becaufe the Inhahabitants thereof painted their Bodies red, found the Havens
M/^ricorJ/VaadC^^
delaria, and the Ifland S^f4);?2^^, where five of the Natives gave him
an Account of
Sir Francis Drake, for whom he Cruis'd, and had fight of a fnowy
Moontainj
whofe top vomited Fire, On the Promontory Ana he ereded a woodden Crofs,
and laid a Writing under the fame, wherein he advertised all Perfons to
take notice, that Pope Alexander the Sixth Kad freely given the King of Spain
all the Coun*
treys thereabouts. Not long after he Steer'd through the Straights
o[ Magellan along
the Co2.(\:o^ brafile J to Spain,
Concerning the Sea-Coafi, which extends from r/;?7i to Mazellanlca, it
is as fol- ^^^ ^ea::
llVTl o-* Coaft from
loweth : Next to the Promontory Felis lie Cypriaen, Clara, Cahode lets
I/Ias, the Ifland ^^"^''^ ^^:
Socora, the Haven Vomtngo, the Point Gallego, theRo^ad Stevan^ the Cape
Jndrcsj and
OchaVariOy and the Valley Kueftra Sennora^ between two Hills. Along the
Southern
Ocean lie Ahra de San Guillen^ funta del Gada, Los ^eyes^ Inmcentes^
Juguftine^ ^^ia, Ca^
talina, Amaro^ and ViBoriano 5 before which the three Ifles call'd The
Sorltngs^ are feea
in the- Mouth of the 5^rd?^k5 againfi: the South Sea.
MagagUanm Steering hither, Winter'd within the Straights in an Inlet
caird^^J^lian, ftay'd two Moneths before the Mouth of the KiYct Santa Qrui^,
where he took
abundance of Fifii, and from thence ran along the Shore to the
Promontory La^
FfV^iwex, which received that Denomination, becaufe it was difcover'd on
the Day
Confecrated to St, Urjula and her eleven thoufand Virgins : Going a
League up into
the Countrey, he found a Hut^in which above two hundred dead Bodies were
bury'd
after a ftrange manner, and on the Shore a great Whale, driven on the
Sands by a
Storm. He nam'd the Countrey to the Southward, Terra del Fnego^ becaufe

from the
Promontory Seyenino in the Night he efpy'd feveral Fires. He was
exceedingly de
lighted with the pleafant Coafts on each fide of the Straights, which
were the more
pleafant, by reafon of feveral Hills overgrown with fweet-fmeliing
Trees, whofe
tops lay covered with SnoWs

.1)1

H n

ifajraxlicvim

6^0
The Expsdivion of 6>ircioi Loii^jity
aji' others.

The Voyages
of Hawkins,
Dra^e, and
Caiidijb.

JME'KICA. Chap. III.

Magaglianus was follow'd, ^nno 1525. by Garcia^ Loayf a, who Sailing
into the
Straights near the Promontory Vtrgines^ endur'd great Colds j in the
Haven St
George he found ftore of green Cinamon ; The People he reported to be of
To monftrous a ftature, that they might well be accounted Giants j fome
of
whom went naked, others wore a Net of Feathers made faft about their
Waftes,
and others a loofe Garment all over their Bodies, Loayfa gave this
Countrey^,
inhabited by Giants, the Denomination of Terra del Tatagoni, He iuda'd
the
Straights oi Magellan to be a hundred and ten Spanifl) Miles long

between the two

Promontories, Vtrgines at the North Sea, and Defeado at the Southern
Ocean.
Within lie three Inlets, which have Cevcn. Leagues in breadth.
Simon Ale a:^oy a Sa.i\ing hithernine years after Loayfa^ fliunn'd the
Land on the
left-fide of the Straights, becaufe it lay raoft under Water, and was
forc'd by his
Men to return to the Haven Leones, where he and all his Seamen were put
to
death.
Not long after the Bifliop of flacentia fitted out three Sail^ which
entring the
Straights, Anno i 540. loft their Admiral ; the Vice-Admiral Wintering
at the Inlet L(W Zorras, (fo call'd, becaufe they took many Foxes on a Champain
Countrey
without Trees) return'd to Spain without any farther luccefs : the third
Ship with
much ado arriv'd alfo at Jrequipa,
The Hw^/i/7? Captain, (Richard Bcili>kins, alfo Sailing hither, found
the Land on
the South fide of the Straights, moft broken^ and in fome places a few
Huts.
Anno 1578. Sir Francis Drake Sailing hither along the Coaft of ^rafile.
Landing
on an Ifland in the Mouth of the Straights, killed above three thoufand
Birds. Sailing from hence he was miferably tofs'd in the South Sea, and difcoverM
about the
middle of the Straights, that the Current out of the Southern and
Northern Ocean
met at the place where a great Bay bends Southwardly : To three Illes he
gave
the Name of /i^a^ef/7, (Bartholomefip, and George, and drove three
Weeks without
making any Sail, in fiiowy, mi{l:y,and rainy Weather, falling amongft
dangerous
Rocks, and at laft Anchored in the Haven Hcakb, which hefocall'd,
becaufe his fick
and wearied Men being refrefli'd there, he fet Sail from thence and
return'd home.
Captain Thomas (^and ijh ^oWo'wins^ Sir Francis 'Drake eight years
after, found near
a Creek within the City fhilip-ftadt, built there by the Spaniards, to
fecure the Paffage out of the Northern to the Southern Ocean for themfelves j to which
purpofe
they held four hundred Men in Garrifon in the faid City, which lying
near a plea
fant Wood, was defended by four Bulwarks, each fortifi'd with a Brafs
Gun : But

tht Spaniards not being able to endure the Cold, nor get in their
Harveft, which
was continually fpoird by the Natives, were fo pinch'd with Hunger, that
after
three years ftay many of them dy'd in their Houfes, which causM a filthy
Stink,
and confequently a vile Diftemper, not unlike the Small-pox j at laft
twenty three
ofthem, amongft whom were two Women, judg'd it convenient to bury their
great Guns, and march away with their Mufi^uets j a whole Year they
travelled in
great want, feeding on the Leaves of Trees, wild Roots, and Fowls which
they
now and then kill'd ; at laft they refolv'd to travel by Land to (2^o de
la flata, but
never any news was heard what became of them, onely one Spaniard^ call'd
Ferdinand, bemg ftray'd from the reft, was taken by Qandip, to whom he gave
the foremention^ Relation. CW//7; entring (philip-ftadt, found a Gibbet, on
which hung a
Malefador in Chains, a Church, the Houfes full of famifli'd Bodies, and
four
Brafs Guns, which he digg'd out of the Ground. From hence he ran to a
frefti*
water River (which dilembogues into the Straights^) whofe Banks are
inhabited by
cruel Cannibals, and the Countrey all about plain Pafture Grounds,
whereas moft
part

lap.

^ M E "B^ I C A 6^1
part of the Shore in the Straights is very mountainous. CandiJJj
La,ndingj found
S"&d?ii/?7 Knives and Scilletto'samongfl: the Man-caters, and lay a
whole Monech at
Anchor in the weftern Mouth o^ Magellanic a ^ by realon of great Storms,
feeding on
MufsleSp Cockles, and Fowl J and from thence Sail'd about the World,
returning
home at lad with a Booty of twenty Tun of Gold.
Anno 1599. Simon de Conks Commanding Rvc T{^stherland Veflels, entring
the
Straights of Magellm^ found in the green Bay, Mufsles of a Span long,
abundance of
Ducks and Gt^ic, and a great many Trees not unlike Laurel, they being
onely
bicrger, and had a (harp biting Shell. The Wind blew exceeding hard here

over
the Rocks, infomuch that they were fometimes driven from four Anchors.
A few Moneths after Oliyer yan Noord followed Cordes, and Anchored near
the
fin<ruyn Ifies, the biggeft whereof is calU'd Cajlemme^ and the lead
Talke'-^ the Inhabitants thereof dwell in Caverns under Ground, and feed on the
BhdsfinguynSj of
whofe Skins they roake Mantles. Thefe Birds weigh generally fifteen or
fixteen The Bir4
Pound, have black Backs, white Bellies, very thick Skins, long Bills
like Ravens, ^"'^'''"'
fhort thick Necks, two plum'd Fins in ftead of Wings^black Feet like a
Goofe, and
delicate Flefli, notwithftanding they feed on Fifli, after which they
fwim very
fwifc with the forcmention'd Fins, which hang down on each fide along
their Bo^
dies when they walk upright on the Shore ; they fit generally four
together in their *
Holes, made after fuch a manner, that a Man which knows not of them, may
ere
he be aware, fink up to the Knees in the fame, and be bitten terribly by
the Legs.
Cordes his Seamen got in two hours time above nine hundred of thefe
Birds, whilefl:
he difcover'd the falvage People Enoo, which inhabit the Countrey CoJ^i,
and are divided into the Families i^emenetes, i(>?2M^', and Qm^e ; the firll
inhabited the
Territory C^rr^j 5 the fecond Caramay -^ and the third, Morine i all of
them Paint
their Cheeks and Forehead. Farther into the Countrey dwell the Tr'mems,
a gigantick fort of People, eleven Foot high, who maintain continual Wars
with their
Neighbors.
Moreover, Koord Jifcover'd feveral Inlets full of Ice and frefh Water in
the oreatDikoStraights of MagdUnj whither the United Netherlands have fince fent the
Admirals mtimimders
William Schouten/Joris Spilher^en, and Jaques ie Heremite, The common
opinion, that ^^^^geiial
the Countrey on the South fide o Magellan is of the Main Continent,
Experience ^^''"^'"*
hath nianifefted ; for Sc/;otew found the fame, Jnnoi6i6 who Sailing
from forto
Defire^ left the Straights oi Magellan on the righthand, and Sail'd
Southerly through
whitilH Water, and in fifty four Degrees difcover'd a Channel eight
Leagues
broad, through which ran a ftrong Current. The Coafl rofe with high
Moun
tains, whofe tops were cover'd with Snow. The utmofi: Point was
c3.lVdMauritiii-s^

from the Prince of Orange ^ the broken Coafi; on the other fide. The
States-I/land
and the Straights it felf, Le Maire, upon the Requefl: of the Merchant
Jacob Le Maire^
whofe Father Ifaac was chief owner of the two Ships of v^hich Schouten
was Com
mander, who found fomany Whales here, that he could icarce Steec clear
of them,
they fwimmingby hundreds in a Shoal. The Sea-pies, much bigger than
Swans,
fufFer'd themfelves to be caught by the Hands of the Sea^men-. Moreover
he call'd
the barren grey Rocks, and others lefier, lying NorthEaft from the
Promontory
Hoorn, <BarmVtelds IJles. Sailing beyond the Point Boom, he was tofs'd
by the vaft
Billows that came rowling out of the Weil.
It was no fooner noisM abroad, that the l>letherla?iders had found the
Straights
Le Maire, but the Spdw^J? King '?/;i/j]j immediately fent two Carvels
thither, under
the Command of Garcias de ISlpdal, who took an exad Account of the
Heads,Roads,
and inlets belongino; to the fore-mention'd Straights, and returned
without performing any Other Exploits. ^ ^^^Z^

651

AMERICA.

Chap, III.

-D/fgo ikres
his unfuccefs'

tratgts
oi Mage Ran,

Vkgo Flores Steer'd four years before Candijh to the Straights of

MageUa?i with
fui Voyage to twenty three Sail of Ships, Mann'd with three thoufand
five hundred Seamen,
the Straists J i. ' J
beiides five hundred old Netherhnd SoldierS;, with which he unhappily
weighed Anchor from Qles j for before he got out of fight of the Spani/Jy Coafl,
he loft five
of his Ships and eight hundred Men. yet profecuting his Voyage,
heftay'd'during the Winter Seafon on the Coaft ofBrafile, and was furpris'd by fo
vehement a
Storm, near the l{la.nd Catalina, that a company of Women> fenc under
the Charge
of Teter Sarmiento to Settle in the Straights of Ma^ellan^ were all caft
away, with the
greateft part of the Ammunition and Provifions. The EngUJh Admiral Femo?
i
took three Shipsof this Fleet from Flores, two were caft away in the
River LafUtUy
and one ran back to Spain^ whileft Flores came into the Straights o^
Magellan on the
laft day of March, at which time the whole Countrey lay cover'd with
Snow
wherefore feeing no hopes of finding out any place to Settle Sarmiento
upon, he
ftood back with eight Sail to ^raftle, and in his Return burnt three
French Ships,
took two more, and Sail'd home. But his Lieutenant Diego ^ihera, and the
Governor fcter Sarjiiiento, Landed the Year after Flores his departure, with
four hundred
Men, thirty Women, and Provifions for eight Moneths, in the Straights oi
Magellan
from whence ^hera Sailed back, whileft 6V;w>fo built on the North fide
of the
Mouth of the Straights, the Town Nomhre de Jefiis j and fifty Leagues
farther in the
narroweft place, fhilip-Jiadt, with fourBulwarks j the Inhabitants of
which (as is
before related) were deftroy'd by Famine.
Terra delFuego, already mentioned, oppofite to the Countrey of the
fatagones, lyin the South between t\\t Straights o Magellan, is a broken Countrey,
with high
Mountains full of Trees, and wafli'd by plcafant Rivulets : four Foot
deep in the
Ground it begins to be all Rocky The Air is troubled with exceeding
great
V^inds out of the Weft. The Inhabitants are pale Countenanc'd, but Paint
their
Bodies with divers Colours j they have long, thick, and black Hair, and

very (liarp
Teerh ; the Men go ftark naked j the Women cover their fecret Parts with
a piece
of Leather, and wear Strincrs full of Shells about their Necks, fomc
alio Mantle
, themfelves

Dffcriptio'
of Terra del
Ixgo.

-lap. IV- <tA M E %^I C 'A.

themfelves with the Skins of wild Beads, which affords but little warmth
aaaind
the Cold that is here in Winter. Their Huts confift of Trees, and are
made round
at bottom, and ILarp on the top like a Tent, having onely a Hole for the
Smoak
to go out at; they are digg'd three Foot deep into the Ground, and alfo
heap'd
round with Earth j within the Huts nothing is to be found but Baskets
with Fifliing Utenfils and Stone Hooks, Their ofFenfive Arms the Men always carry
about
with them, becaufe they always maintain Wars with their Neighbors. They
handle a Quarter-ftaif very dexteroufly, are good Slingers and Bowemen ;
they alfo
ufe Lances with fiiarp Stone Points. Moreover they make Boats of the
Bark of
Trees, which they firft cut out into a Form, then fewing it together,
bow the
fame after the manner of a Boat, which rifes before and behind, and
being fifteen
or fixteen Foot long, can carry eight Men, going exceeding fwift. Thefe
People
are not onely beaftial in their Pradices, but alfo Murderers,
Laftly, befides the Sfr^f^k-y o Le MairCj Henrkk ^reiiper hath found a
new Paf*
fagc to the Eaftward above the States -IJlandj out of the Northern Ocean
to the
South Sea.

-m

'^^tii

^^ ^rftV

tfiiiii

C H A P. IV.
The unknown South-Land.

<^55

T He unknown South-Land extends with feveral Points to the Southern

Ocean, which have been more feen than difcover'd by divers Nations.
Oppofite to the Eafi-India Ifland Gilolo, lies Tena des fapom^ to which
Jacob Le Maire gave the Denomination of N^b Guinee.
The Englifh Commander, <^ichard Uau^kins, Sailing to the Southward
behind
^apou, found the Inhabitants black like Tslegros : round about appear
feveral lOes
and convenient Harbors. Hmera places here on the Eaft, the Cpuntrey
Agnada,
the Road St.Jago, the Ifland los Crefpos, the Haven Andreas, the River
Virginum, znd
the little Ifle La Vellena, before the Mouth of the Stream Juguftim,
Next you meet
Eafterly with the Rivers St.feter and St. ^Paul^ the Havens Hteronymm,
the Ifles ftmta
Salida, AhrigOj Malagentej and Maure de Dios, inhabited by white People,
The firft that difcover'd New Guinee, Anno i^i^. v<jas Jlvares de
SaVedra, who, Dire

overies
in Terra Au-

n.ta)

as alfo feveral others befides him, fuppos'd that fome of the Iflands
Solomons border Mismcog
New Guinee,

Eighteen of the m^iny Solomon Ifles exceed the reft, of which foine are
three hundred Leagues in circumference, fome two hundred, others one hundred, and
fome
fifty : All that are inhabited have a fruitful Soil, producing all
manner of Provifions, particularly Hogs and Poultrey. The Natives differ very much one
from
another, for fome are black, others white or tawny.
The forc-mention'd Hawkins in his Voyage towards the Straights of
Magellan,
fuppofing it by eftimation to be fifty Leagues from the Main Coafi: of
America, difcover'd forty Degrees to the Southward of the EquinoBial Line, with a
Wefterly
Wind, the unknown South-Land - which he found to confifl: of low Land,
and to
be inhabited, by reafon of the many Fires which he faw afliore in the
Night.
The Spanifh Commander, feter Fernandes de Quiro, and the Admiral
LodoiVick ^aes
deT^rres, have made a farther Difcovery of this Countrey j for Landing
on the
South-

Fertilityj
Plenty J and
Riches or ihc
Couutrey.

Wif?"

65^ ^ M E % I C A. Chap, il.

South-Ldmlj they met with feveral People, fome whereof were brown,
others
white, and others fallow j fome had long and lank, others fhort and
curl'd Hair :
They acknowledg'd no King or fupream Governor, nor were Governed by any
Laws, neither had they any WalTd Towns or Forts j but being divided
amonaft
themfelves, they continually Encountred one another with Darts, Clubs,
and

Staves. Their Houfes built of Wood, were cover'd with the Leaves of
PalmTrees. Their Houfholdftuffconfifted in Earthen Difhes, Pots, Ropes,
Fifli.nets,
Flutes, Drums, and varnifli'd Spoons. Their Gardens were neatly kept.
Near
their Temples were Burying-places. They Row'd very fwift in little
Boats. Their
Bread, well tailed, was made.of long thick Roots, either roafted or
boyl'd.
Here alfp grow fix forts of Tlatano's, great abundance of Almonds,
Oranges,
Cittrons, thick Sugar-Canes, PalmTrees, which yield Wine, Cocoa Sj
zndOhos, in
tafte not much unlike Quinces j but the greateft benefit which they
receive, is from
the Cocoa Nuts, the Pulp whereof is delicious Meat and Drink ; the
outermofl: Shells
whereof ferve for Cups or Diflaes, the inner for Ropes and Cordage j of
the
Leaves they make Sails and Mats, and cover their Houfes with the fame
of the
Body, Oars, Clubs, Pikes, and Props for their Houfes.
Befides feveral forts of Pot-herbs, here grow very high Coleworts and
'BUdo's,
The Countrey alfo abounds with Pigeons, Partridges, Ducks, Goats, Hogs,
and other ordinary Cattel and Fowls.
The Rivers afford them Souls, Salmon, Thornback, Sea-Cocks, Eels,
Gurnets,
and feveral other unknown Fiflies, very delicate and wholfom.
This Countrey alfo produces Nutmegs, Maftick, Peppers, Ginger, Cinamon,
Gold, Silver, Pearls, Silk, Sugar, Annifeed, Honey, Wax, Ebony. wood,
Turpentine, Lime-pits, and Marble.
fhilipS'Say bends twenty Leagues into the Countrey, hath a fafe Harbor,
and
excellent Ground, confifting of black Sand. Two great Rivers difcharge
their
Waters into the faid Bay, round about which are pleafant Woods, full of
Quails,
Parrakito's, Parrots, Nightingales, and Bulfinchcs, which Sing very
fweetly. The
Bloifoms, efpccially of Orange-Trees, and the Herb J/V4c^, yield an
odoriferous
Imell. The wholfom Air adds vigor to aged People.
Feniandes de Quir delivering the fore.mention'd Account to Wdi^ the
Second,
King of SpaiHj mov'd him to Plant the unknown South-Land, and the
rather, be-

caufe he had not found any fnowy Mountains, drown'd Land, Crocodiles,
Mufchito'sj or any hurtful Creature, yet was not regarded ^ fo that no
Spafiiard hath
Ahcix.[man\ finxe that time fet Foot on the unknown South-Land, But the
Eafl-India Company
hxpedition to _ J i /
te//fr ^^"^^i*'^^^i"g':he Defign with great eagernefs, fent thither
two Ships, Vt:^, the HmiAeiAand Sea-^Qock^ under the Command of Jbel Tafman, to make a farther
Difcovery of the faid South=Land : Anno 1642. on the twelfth of Juguft^ they
weighed
Anchor from 'Batavia, Sail'd through the Straights of Sunda to
MauriceJ/land, where
they Anchored in the North- Weft Haven before the Caftle Frederic
hHenricky on the
filth of Septetnher in the fore-raention'd Year. On the eighth of Ofioh.
Tafman
flood over to the SouthLand, near which he was furpris'd by a violent
Storm j af
terwards, on the twenty fifth of Noyember, he difcoverM a barren Shore,
againft
which the Sea beat very furioufly ; and Steering along this Coaft, he
found a convenient Inlet, but was forc'd by the hard Weather to ftand off to Sea
again ; yet
not long after approaching the Shore, he faw great hollow Trees, and
roundabout
them abundance of Mufsle-fhells, and from the Wood heard a flirill noife
of People Singing : Going to the fame place again, he put the Orange Flag on a
Pole,
Carv'd with the Eapindia Companies Arms, and call'd the Inlet FrederickHenrick,
and

n^ip. IV. A M ETs^I C A. ^ ^^^

the whole Coi9c, Anthony Un Viemen. Sailing from thence Eallward, he
on the
eighteenth o^Tfecemher diicover'd a convcoient Haven, where fending'his
Sloop to
dilcover the Shore, he came back in the Evening, being followed by a
Boat, which

approach^ nearer and nearer, but Night coming upon him, he could not
well
difcern what they were that purfu'd him, but heard the cry of. hoarfe
Voices, and
a Oirill noife like that of a Trumpet, which the 2V^rW/W Seamen an
fwer'd by
hollowing, and blowing on their Trumpets, and at lafl firing a Gun, the
Souths
/Wm made a hideous noife, and blowing their Horns, returned aflio're.
Tafman
hereupon call'd his Watch, laid Hangers, Pikes, and Mufquets ready
Charged, up^
on the Decks. The next day the Southlanders came in feveral Boats, two
and two
ty'd together, and coverM with Planks, towards the Ships ; the Gunner of
the The...,
Hemskerk gomg with i^ Men in a Boat to help mount fomc Guns in the
Sea^Cock, I::^ a.^J;
were betwixt both Ships fet upon by the Southlanders,v,ho approacht with
a hideous rist^'
noife, kiird four of the Hollanders with long Poles, and forc'd the
other three to
favc thcmfelves by fwimming which they had no fooner done, but they
Row'd
with incredible fwifcnefs towards the Shore, infomuch that they were out
of the
reach of their Guns before they could make ready to fire at them. Taf?
nan finding
that there was no good to be done here, fince he hazarded the Lives of
his Seamen
againft a company of wild People, he fet Sail, but was folio w'd by
divers Boats,
at which he fir'd his After=Guns with pieces of Iron and Stones, which
killing fome
of them, made the reft return. In the midft of the Boats, which were tfd
two and
two together, fat the Commander, who encouraged the Rowers 5 they all
us'd
Clubs without Points.
Thefe People were grofs of Body, undaunted, ftrong, and of a tawny
colour j
the Hair of their Heads ftroak'd up round, was ty'd up on their Crown,
on which
ftuck a ftifF white Feather . about their Necks hung a fquare Plate ;
they wore in
ftead of Cloaks, fquare pieces of Cloth, made faft before on their
Breafts.
Tafman, by rcafon of
Murderers'-^av,
and afterwards SailM
which Day
he dropt Anchor near
with a
great noife into the
the Seamen

Kk rough Entertainment cali'd this Harbor,

along the Shore till the fifth of January 1643.
a little Rocky Ifland, from which fell two Streams,
Sea. The Inhabitants, a ftrong People, beckned to

to come on Shore^ fome lean'd on thick Clubs.others Fenc'd one with

another. Taf
wz^ fending his Sloop afliore for Wascr with two Drakes, returned
without any,
r:ot being able to Land, by reafon of the hollow Sea near the Shore j
wherefore
Sailing from thence he difcover'd two low Ifles, which were full of
Woods of very
tall Trees ; from the biggeft whereof came a little Boat, fliarp before
and behind
in which three fallow Men, fitting behind one another, Row'd with great
fwifcl
nefs towards the Hemskerk whereupon Tafman commanded all his Men to go
under the Hatches, that the three Southlanders might not be afraid to come
aboard he alfo threw a piece of Linnen out of his Cabbin Window, which one of
them,'
leaping into the Sea, took up, andasafign of thankfulnefs, laid the fame
on his
Head, and being hereby emboldned, they came nearer the Rudder, where
they took
upaKnife, ty'd to a piece of Wood, out of the Water, and return'd the
Seamen
a Fifiihook of Mother-of-Pearl, ty'd to a Cotton Line. Approaching the
Shore,
they faw abundance of People running along, with two little Flags on
Sticks!
Some of the Natives came in their Boats clofe up with Tafman s Ship 5
and one more
bold than the reft entring the fame, was found to be a tall Man with a
broad
black Beard, and green Leaves about his Neck, who fat down on the Deck
with
his Legs under him, and bow'd down his Head oftentimes very low : Tafman
re=.
turning his Civility, took him by the Hand to Treat him in his Cabbin,
but a
Dcgf

^^^ a M E "KI C A. Chap. IV.

Doa which v^as ia the Ship Barkiag," he grew fearful, and vl;en.t into
his Boat
asatno Several other Southlanders fwam aboard, and others brought (Pifang and
ClaiJbcs in their Boats. Againfi: the Evening a great Veflel, furrounded
with leffer
Boats, came Rowing towards the Hmshrk, the Men making a great noife ;
the
Seamen fearing fome Defign, ran all to their Arms, but were convinc'd of
their
Friend(hi;p by the Gifts they Prefented them with from the Governor of

the Ifland.
The next day a (Irange Boat came near the Se^-Cod, vi^. two Sloops,
which
beina fy'd together, and covered with Boards, carry'd feveral Men,
Commanded
by a^Captain, by them call'd Orangkay: On the mid ft of the Boards which
covered the two Boats, ftood a Hut made of RuOies, and covered over with
fijang
Leaves the Sails being made of Mats, caus'd it to Sail very fwiftly.
Round
about this Sloop Row'd leffer Boats, out of which loud Acclamations were
heard,
every one crying out. Had, Had', during which noife, thofe Southlanders
which
were already come aboard, fat ftillon the Decks, which m^dcTafman think
that
their King himfelf was coming to give him a Vifit, which accordingly
fell out,
for he came and Prefented him with feveral Hogs, Poukrey, Chfpes and
^//^wg,
all cover'd with white Cloths.
inaviewbe- This Southlandtp? King was Habited in a Suit, the Stuff
whereof refembled Q?^
aXhf^Xey'^ Paper, doubled and pafted together, and was attended by a
great Train of
Wi/AKing. ^^^^ A^^omen, and Children, all of them as black as a Coal ;
fome of them fwam
after, and others foUow'd him in Boats.
Thefe Southlanders bartered their Clothes and Necklaces, which confided
of
Mother-of^Pearl and white Cockles, and Fifhhooks made alfo of Mother-ofPe?.il, againft Nails, Knives, and the like Trifles,
Tafman caus'd a Shirt, Breeches, Doublet, and Hat, to be put on an old
Orangkay 5 who being thus ClotKM, flood a conliderable time admiring of
himfelf, and
was alfo much wonder'd at by his Subjeds j but going into the Countrey,
he
eame back without his Clothes.
Another Orangkay being Prefented with a Rummer of Wine, pour'd out the
Wine, and fetting the Rummer on his Head, went away with great joy.
Some of the Governors view'd the Ships, not onely above, but alfo below
the
Decks, and being brought to the Guns, they defir'd to know the ufe of
them ;
whereupon one being Difchargd, it fo affrighted them, that had they not
been
held, they had all leap'd overboard.
Provifions were daily brought by the Southlanders to the Hollanders in
great Vef-

fcls, furrounded by many leifer j ftill as they put their Oars into the
Water, they
maJc a hideous noife.
Tafman bringing fome empty Veffels upon the Deck, thereby to make them
un*
derftand that he wanted freOi Water, the Orangkays pointed to the
Shore ; whither
they went with two Boats, which return d without Water, the Inhabitants
themfclves being forc'd to dig Pits to get the fame.
Mean while other Southlanders coming aboard, the Pilot and Boatfwain's
Boy
blowM on their Trumpets, another play'd on a flute, and a fourth on a
Violin,
whileft fome of the the Seamen Dancing, fo amaz'd the Natives, that they
ftood
like i~enfelefs Creature, gaping with open Mouth upon them.
Tafman looking into a Grammar which contained the Language of the
Solomons
Illes, found that many words which were us'd by thefe People, had a
great fimilitude with thofe of that Language.
Befidcs thefe Men, there came likewife a great many Women aboard, all of
them extraordinary tall, efpecially two, who might juftly be ftifd
Gianteffes ;
four

Chap. IV. A M E%^I C A. hj

one whereof had Mullacho'sj both ran, and embracing the Chirurgeoii
Henrkk
Haelbos, dcCud carnal Copulation with him, and fcem'd to quarrel one
with another about him : Others confidently put their Hands mto the Hollanders
Breeches,
their Husbands giving confent thereunto : All of them had thick, curl'd,
black
Hair, which they coloured red, and comb'd with ten little round Sticks
ty'd together on the top, and left wide like Teeth at the bottom 5 yet fome of
them let
their Hair hang down in long braided Locks j they (have their upper
Lips, but
keep a fquare Beard on their Chin j yet amongft the old People there
were
fome whofc Cheeks were overgrown with Hair : Their manner of (having is
with
theTeethofcertainFiflimadefafttoaStick; they all went bare-headed,
except
fome few, who ty'd a fquare piece of Stuff, wrought of Leaves or

Featlicrs, above
tlaeir Eyes againft the Sun ; the upper parts of their Bodies were all
naked, but
about their Middle fome wore a Girdle, others a Mat of Clappes Leaves,
others a
Cloth not unlike (Ime/e Paper, about the lower parts of their Bodies.
The Womens Apparel differ'd little from the Mens, excepting that their Aprons
reach'd
farther down, vi;<,, to their Knees. TheybarterM their Clothes againft
Nails. Some
o( the Oran^kays, being Entertain'd in the Cabbin, wonderM to fee a
Bullet that
was Difcharg'd from the Quarter-deck, fall into the Water at fo great a
diftanceThey wore about their Necks Mbther.of Pearl, white Cockles,
fwcet.fmelling
Flowers, green Leaves, or the Nails which they had gotten of the
Hollanders : Some
of the aged Women wanted both their little Fingers, and the young ones
the upper
]oynts of them, which the old Men alfo wanted : Haelbos pointing at the
Stump,
ask'd the reafon of it, but one of them laying his Hand under his Chin,
made ftrange
Signs, out of which he could apprehend nothing.
On the twenty third of January, a fecond time Ta/man went alliore for
Water,
carrying Spades and Pick-axes with him, to dig Pits with. Two of the
Hollanders
Boats going clofe together, in each of which were thxee Southlanders,
Tafman call'd
to his Rowers to pull ftoutly ; which the Southlanders mTafmans Boat
obfcrving to
tend to their Rowing the fwifter, laugh'd and hooted at their Countreymen that
were in the Se^^Cocb Boat, when they chanc'dtoget beyond them. Tafman in
his
coins ailiore difcover'dfeveral Ifles at a diftance, was kindly
Entertain'd, and
towards the Evening carry'd by four Men through the Water, on a Mat made
fail
betwixt two Poles, to his Sloop, whither they alfo brought nine Hogs,
and fredi
Water digg'd out of Pits.
Tafman being got about the Point of the Ifland, faw the Hmskerk under
Sail
wherefore Rowing aboard the Sea-Qock, he was informed that Oie had flipt
her An^
chor . whereupon following her, he got fight of another green Iftand the
next day,
along the Shore whereof ran feveral People with Sticks, on which hung
white
Cloths : fome of them came aboard, and brought with them what Provifions
the

Ifland afforded. The Inhabitants bartered Qaj^fes, ^tfang, Fowls, Hogs,

Mother.
of-Pearl Fifli^hooks, Stone Axes, little Stools, great Clubs, with a
black Point as
long as a Man's Arm, and hooked, againft Trifles. The Hollanders were
alfo (lor'd
here with frefli Water. The People both in Language, Habit, rnd
Cufl:oms, were
very like thofe of the firfi: Ifland, but were not altogether fo
courteous. One of
the Southlanders fl:caling a Half pike out of the Boat was forc'd by his
Companions
to refl:ore the fame.
The foremention'd Haelbos relates. That going afliore with fome
Soldiers, he
faw their Houfes, which he found to be built after a ftrange manner,
vi;^. fome of
them were round like Towers, Wider at top than at bottom, and without
any
Holes for Air, but all built clofe of Canes, which were fl:uck in the
Ground 5 other
Coo tints

!iM

J M E \R^I C A.

Chap. IV.

Huts were coverM with a long Roof of ^ifang or C%fi Leaves, refting on
Polls .
under which kind of Building Haelhos flieker'd himfelf againft a mighty
Shower

f. _ cp - - & y -'^j^vvci.
Rain, found divers young Men and Women fitting on Mats, and an old Woman
blind through Age, lying by them on the Ground, and Fanning her felf
with (pi.
fang Leaves : The Men going away, ilgnifi'd thereby a kind of Invitation
to the
Hollanders to go to the Women, who not receiving the Entertainment they
expeded, rofe altogether on a fudden, and Singing, Danc'd about the
Hollanders.
The Men had on their Shoulders and Breads, Scars of half an Inch deep,
and an
Inch long J upon fome of which, being freOi and bleeding, the Flyes fat.
They
cat after a ftrange manner, for Gripping off the outmoft Rinds of the
Cla^^es with
their Teeth, and breaking the hard Shell againft their Elbows, they pull
out the
Kernel, and eat the fame. Whatever Flefli-meat they eat, they never
throughly
boy! or roaft it, but make it onely juft warm. They fleep on the Ground
upon
Mats, and lay their Heads on a little woodden Cricket with four Feet.
They take
great pride in their Hair, and thofe that have not long Hair of their
own ufe
Perukes. '
Tafman fleering his Courfe towards the high Coaft that lay before this
Ifland
was follow'd by feveral fmali Veffels from the adjacent Shore, of which
fome carl
ry d a Bough of Qa^^es or ^tfang, with white Veins at the ends but
feeing the
Ships Sail from them, they threw the fame overboard. Tafman (landing
Wefterly
difcover'd three Ifles, near the laft whereof the Sea broke exceedingly,
which the
Hollanders not without great danger had approached in the Night : after
which
they difcoverMtoLeewardofthem, a high Coaft, which extended it felf a
great
way, but the Sea went fo rough, that they durft not venture near the
Land belides, the Sea went very high on a Bank, f^rft ten, then five, three and
a half' and
^gain ten, fourteen, and feven Fathom deep . and oftentimes a Man might
fee the
around, infomuch that they kept out the Boats belonging to the HemAerk,

which
was in moft danger, to carry them aboard of the Sea-Cock, if the firft
fhould chance
f o Iplit. Laftly, getting over the Bank, they faw very high Land to
Windward, and
many hilly Ifles to Leeward - the Sea alfo was full of blind Rocks and
Shelves, fo
that they were in danger every hour, and the rather, becaufc the Wind
blew h'ard
every day j yet at laft lofing fight of Land, they fteer'd their Courfe
Wefterly
in five Degrees Southward of the Line, towards New Guinee. On the two
and
twentieth of March they difcover'd low Land full of Woods of tall Trees
furrounded with a company of Ifies, againft fome of which the Sea brake
with areat
violence, infomuch that they were again in great danger, efpecially
when'lhey
were.got amongft eighteen Ifles, between which the Water being fliallow,
and the
Current running veryftrongly, drove the Ships towards the Shore :
Whileft they
were Tacking to and again to get beyond the Shelves,a little
Veffel,carrying a great
^eather.cock on her Star.board, came from the Shore, Row'd by feven Men,
who
fat on Boards which lay over the fame . they were of a brown Complexion,
onely
girt about with a hairy Girdle, made faft on the top of their Heads .
under their
Feet they alfo wore fomething in ftead of Shoes, about their Necks hung
Flowers
and their Bodies were Painted black : Among the feven, one who was very
fat'
and whofe Head was adorn'd with two Feathers, ftood up and proffcr'd the
Seamen two C%,5, in return whereof r.>. gave them a Box of Nails and a
piece of SaiLcloth, which finking under Water, an aged Man div'd for the
fame
and bringing it up, gave it to his fix Companions, who made no fbcw of
thank'
fulnefs. Their Arms confifted in Bowes and Arrows. Their C%.. they
call'd
^w^^wK', as the other Iflanders had done. ^~ "

Sail

ini

Chap. IV. ^ M E %^I C A, 6f_

Sailing from heqce, they difcovcr'd cv^'o low lOands full of Trees j and
three
Leagues from them, on their Star-board, a high Coail, and on the other
fide a greac
lOand, whither they drove with a fmall Gale j approaching the lame, two
very
fmall Boats came tovvards the Hemskerk j the biggcft of the two carry 'd
fix Men,
and the lead three, ail of them very deform'd 5 they went Tcark nsked,
onely their
Yards were ty'd up with a String on their Bellies, and about their Arms
hung
Chains of Mother-of-Pearl ; they were Coabblack, onely red about the
Mouth,
which rednefs wasoccafion'd by the chewing oi^Pifang j in iheir Hair
(tuck woodden Combs, and on their Foreheads green Leaves j but in each Boat was
one who
had a bruifed Reed made faft in his Neck like a Plume the bigaell:
VciTd was
Painted with ftrange Shapes of Men and Beafts ; they us'd red Bowes and
Ar^.
rows, and having call'd to the Seamen, they Row'd back again to the
Shore ; which
Tafman left a Stern of him, and ran between the Main Coaft (by all
fuppos'd to be
T^el^Guinee) and fcveral great Iflands, that lay fcatter'd along before
the Main
Coaft J from whence came four fmall Boats, adorn'd with Imagery like
Serpents,
but kept without Gun-fliot from the Ships ; at laft one leaping
overboard, fwam to
the fmalleft Boat^ out of which one fwam back in his ilead to the other,
and afterwards came to the Hemskerks fide j he was a bkck Man, wore Leaves before
his
Privities, and Armlets about his Elbows j through the Griftle of his
Nofe fluck a
white Bone Bodkin, fiiarp at the ends, and of a Fingers length, and
about his
Neck a String full of Cockle^fliclls.
Tafman Sailing on along the Main Coafl, met with eighteen Boats more,
the
Rowers whereof laid their Oars upon their Heads, and not without (Irange
Geftures caird aloud, and invited the Hollanders to comeafliore : On the
Sterns and
Heads of thefe Boats were likewife divers Shapes Painted, upon a white
Ground ;

in fome were two, and in others three, four, and five Men ; eight of
them going
into the Hollanders Boats, were made Drunk with Arrack. Thefe
Southlanders went
jftark naked^ fome onely covering their fecret Parts with Leaves 5 their
Skins were
black, onely on thtir ForeKeads they drew a red Stroke, which reached to
their
Ears J their brown curl'd Hair was by forae colour'd grey, by fome red,
fome let
it hang loofe over their Sholdiers, others ty'd the fame in a Tuft on
their Crown
cover'd with a Cap of fifang Leaves, others wore their Hair fcarce two
Fingers
long, and through the Griftle of their Nofe, a piece of Cane or Quill^
and a broad
Beard without Muftacho's ; they had nothing to barter but large
SnaiLOiells, on
which they made a ftrange noife ; and whatfoc're they receiv'd, they
firft fmell'd
on it like Dogs ; they fancy 'd not Nails, as all the other Southlanders
had done.
Their manner of Fifliing was thus : They ty'd feveral half CUppes^HicWsj
made
faft like a Chain, to a long Reed, fiiook the fame to and again on the
Water, to aather the Fifli together. In the Boats lay Planks of an oval faOiioo,
which by Ropes
ty'd in the middle they held before them in ftead of Shields. When.
thefe Souths
landers went from the Ships, one of them threatned to beat the Seamen,
(hakina his
great Club at them; whereupon they all Row'd with great fpeed to the
Shore,
whileft one in every Boatknockt with a Stafifagainft the fides, juft as
if they had
beat an Alarm. Amongft them one had barter'd for an old Doublet, with
which

he fliew'd many antick Tricks, putting it on the wrong way, fometimes on

his
Head, then his Feet into the two Arm-holes, and anon the Buttonholes
behind on
his Back,
The Ships Sailing from hence, ran along a broken Coaft, and on the
twelfth of
April were fo terribly Ihaken by an Earthquake, which lafted an hour and
a half^
that they feem'd fliivering to pieces in the Water, as if they had ran
againft a
O o o s Rock,

II

66o AMERICA. Chap. IV.

Rockj notwithftanding they could not fathom Ground with their longeft
Line.
Somewhat farther they difcover'd a burning Mountain on an Ifland,
between
which and the Main (on which flood alfo a very high Mountain) they
fleering their
Courl'bp came into a white Water, mov'd by a (Irong River from the
Continent
and coming to an Anchor before the llland Ja7ma, they faw the Ifles Moa
and Arimoa before them. The Jamneans calling T^cw Guinee by the Name of ^elahj
informed
the Hollanders J that they Warr'd continually with the Inhabitants
thereof. Thefe
People being alfo Coal-black, fome of them had loofe curFd Hair, hanging
down
over their Shoulders in long Braids, and others had onely two thick
Locks, which
covered their Ears J all of them wore four Feathers on their Heads : the
Men puU'd
out their Beards, and hung a great Bone Ring through their Ears, at
which alfo
hung a Shell like a Spur ^ moil of them had red Rofcs ty'd about their
Heads, and
a Necklace of Hogs Teeth about their Necks ; under their Navels they
wore Girdles, a handful and a half broad, and about their Waftes Strings full of
Shells, or
Sea-Cockles, to which a fmall Lappet was ty'd, and hung down before
their Privities J but becaufe it was but two Fingers broad, and mov'd to an again

by the
Wind, their Nakednefs appear'd to thofe that took notice thereof
through the
Griftle of their Nofes they wore a Hogs Tooth, or the Splinter of a
Cane. Upon
the Stern of their fmall Boats was the Shape of a little Lyon. One of
thefe Iflanders imitated the Ho//^^^n when they fpoke, endeavoring to repeat their
words
after them, and therefore was csiWdTanot.
Tajmm Sailing from hence to Moa^ came to an Anchor before the Coaft, ten
Leagues beyond y^w?^^, where a great Boat, carrying feventeen Men,
coming near
the Shipj let flie a great many Arrows at the Seamen ^ but the next
Morning being
better reconciled, they came aboard, where the Chirurgeon of the Ship
gave a Cap
to one of 3he Jamneans j who, as a teffcimony of his thankfulnefs for
the Prefent, requefted him to fit down ; which done, he began to braid his Hair from
his Forehead to his Neck, tying the fame with a String.
Tafman weighing Anchor, Sailed between ?^(? Guinee an J t]ic iHand
Infou^ having
got nothing but a few Jamnean words from the Iflanders, who call'd a
Bone, yer*>
ttlia J a Hog, faro ; a Kmh,Sapera j Beads, Sajfera a Nail, Tortor j
Sleep, Ko^/w .
and a Ka.t^jfphoo. So fleering his Courfe along Arimoa, which is both
higher and
larger than the neighboring ^;^io^, and refembles a Seaman's Cap, he
left New
Guinee a Stern of him, and Steering on Northerly, Sail'd by SchoutesIfla?id ^ where
eight large Boats came within Gun-Chot of him, each of which had on each
fide a
Wing, under which fat four Rowers, two and two together, with their Feet
hanging in the Water j at their approaching near the Ship they put out a
long Pole,
with a white Flag upon it j whereupon Tafman alfo commanded his white
Enfign
to be put forth, and threw a String of Beads, ty'd to a piece of Wood,
out of his
Cabbin Window ; which the Southlanders had no fooner taken up, but in
teftimony of thankfulnefs they all broke their Arrows over their Heads, and
kept near the
fides f the Ship, till fuch time as the Boatfwain thereof founded a
Trumpet, upon the hearing of which thep all RowM away with as much fpeed as they
could
poflibly. Thefe People were of a fallow Complexion j they broke their
Arrows
with great Ceremony j for firfl they pointed with them towards the Skie,

then put
them into the Water, and breaking each Arrow in two pieces on their
Heads, they
threw one over the Larboard, and the other over the Starboard ^ he that
broke
the Arrow, made a long Speech to the Hollanders., who took the fame for
an Oath
of their Fidelity toward thern. In every one of thefe Boats were twenty
eight or
thirty Men.
Tafman

L.

Chap. V.

A M E\^I C A.

66i

tlicr Voyag
into Nsw
Cuinee.

/ Tri/wd pi'ofecuting his Voyage farther, difcoverM the following day

anpther 7'^M'sfur
I(land,and a crooked Arm of 2\[c^)? Guinee, near which he jiidg'd might
be an Opening betwixt New' Gulnce and Gilolo -^ then leaving on his Starboard a
great many
blind ClifFsj dangerous Shelves, and uneven Grounds, he cad Anchor near
a Rock,
which at high Water was overflowed. A Boat coming near the Ship, in
which
were fix Men, whofe long Hair hung down their Backs, one of them amongft
the
reft ftanding up, cali'd to the Hollanders in the Temaren Language,
faying, Wl?at
(People ^ to which a Seaman, who underftood and fpake the faid Language,
an*
fwer'd, Spaniards : whereupon he askM, Fro)7t what Countrey^ and whither
hound ? to
which he was anfwer'd. From Moa to Ternata : The 5of/?/Wer hereupon
rcply'd,

lou are Deceivers, the Ship is not Spanip?, but Holland make j
-whereupon l^afman caus'd
the Prince of Orange's Flag to be put out, which the Southlander no
fooner faw, but
he crV'd, It appears hy your Flags that you are Hollanders, ivho are
always more welcom to us
than Spaniards : However, though the Seaman acknowledged his miftake, in
faying
they were Spaniards -^ yet the Southlanders would not ftay within fhot
of them, but ac
their Rowing away cry'd aloud, Here is abundance of Tifang, Clappes,
Potato's, SugarCanes J and other Fruits on Shore,
From hence Tafman Sail'd Northerly between many Ifles, and a Channel
that
feparates New Guinee from Giloloy by Ceranij Manipe, Bolaoy and 'Burro,
to a narrow
Opening, where Tangefane being on his Larboard, rofe with exceeding high
Rocks, as Cotton on the Starboard. Thefe Rocks are moft of them
overgrown
with Trees and Brambles. In the middle of this Channel alfo lies a Rock,
for its
Hiape call'd J Galley, by, which Tafman Sailing, bent his Courfe
homeward, and ac
laft, on the fifteenth oJune, Anno 1 6^, caft Anchor before 'Bata'via.

""-mmMMiMMMA'.

CHAP. V.
Terra Borealis, or The Artick Region.'
"Aving fpoken fomething of the Terra Aufiralis Incognita, or Unkm'^n
Southhand, there remains fomething to be faid of the oppofite part, namely,
the
Terra 'Borealis, or the Artick ^gion-^ which is call'd Incognita in like
manner
as the Terra Aufiralis, in regard, though very much, as well of the one
as of the
other, hath beeti fearch'd into, and in part difcover'd by feveral
Voyagers, yet
doubtlefs there is a very vaft Trad of Land, in the Artick Region
efpecially (if it be
not rather Sea,) which is altogether unknown, and thofe parts which have
been
difcoverM, as Greenland, If eland, 'Ro'Va ZemhlajSpilbergen,Hudfon s
Straights zn^'Bay, Sec,
fo imperfectly known, that they may well deferve the Title o^Utiknoit^n.
The feveral parts of this Artick ^gion are, i. Terra Suhpolaris

Incognita, or that part

which lies diredly under the Po/e,and is otherwife call'd Orbis ArHicm,
i Greenland,
3. Spilhergen, orNieuland. 5. Ifeland. 6, lSlj)'VaZemhla,
The Terra Suhpolaris is defcrib'd by a certain Seaman of Bofieduc, to be
a great ^
black Rock,about thirty five Leagues in compafs,and of an extraordinary
heighchj ZkfoUri^
through the Land adjoyning to which the Sea violently breaking, makes
four
great and violent Euripi, or Whirlpools, whofe Waters driving Northward
with
fo forcible a Stream, that no Ship, though carry'd by nexer fo ftrong a
Gale,
is able to ftem the Current, are at laft fwallow'd up in the Earth. It
is alfo reO o o 3 ported.

Defcrlption of Terra

L^

66z

J M E %I C J.

Bounds and
Situacioii cf

The TopsgrapL-,- of
Greenland
from the Damjh and Jfeland Chronicles.

Chap. V.
ported, that between two of thefe Euripij namely that made by the
Scythkk Ocean
and that on the back fide of G/'on2L'j;2(i, there lieth an Ifland
Northward of Lappia
and ^iarmk:, inhabited by fygmies. Much more to this purpofe is related
of the
Subpolar Region, but fince it is very improbable that any one could come
fo near
as to make any difcovery thereof^ to fay more of this Matter, would be
but to infift upon things favoring more of Fables than Reality.
Croenland is that part o^ Terra Se^teyitriondu, which winds about from
South to
EafI:, and decline Northward from Cape Farud^ in the DeucaledonianSe^
however
Groenland hath been generally taken for an Ifland j yet many late
Navigators think
it joyns with the Continent o^Tartary, and others leave it in doubt
whether it be
Ifland or Continent : It is bounded towards the Eafl: with the
Deucaledonian Oceantowards the Wefl:, with Hudfons Straights and ^ay^ which feparate it
from America towards the North its Bounds are altogether unknown, and is not without
reafon
fupposM to be the utmoft part of the World towards the North T ok. There
are
who believe it to be one Continent with America^ and that upon this
ground, becaufefeveral who haveattempted to pafs through the Straight commonly
call'd
The Straight ofPavis, into the Ea/i-Indtes, affirm, that they found it
to be a Gulph ;
but one Captain Joh?i Monk, who was alfo a great Undertaker in the
North-Weft
Pafl'age through this Straight, or Gulf of my is, alledges great
Probabilities of this
Lands being divided by Sea from the Continent of ^wmV^.
This Countreyhath anciently been divided into two Regions, EaftGroenland
znd Weft.Groenland ', anfwerable to which Divilion md, furnam'dT/;e(?
(,W4)/, the
Son of Torvalde, is reported by the Danifi Chronicle to have built two
Forts or
Lodges, Oftrehug and Wefirehug, in the Eaftern part. The firfl: Planters
of Qmftia^
nity built the City Garde, which became, as the faid Chronicle mentions,
a City of
great Repute aud Traffick, and not long after, the Town Jlhe, and
towards the
Sea-Coaft, a Monafl:ery, dedicated to St. nom^. The City Garde was a

Bifliop's
See, towhichbelong'da Cathedral Church, by the Title of 5f. N^c/;o/^,
built in
the fame City, though a certain I/eland Chronicle makes rr.cncion of the
Church of
Strofnes, as the chief Metropolitan and Bifiiop's See of Groenland. The
Bifliop afi
flfted oftentimes in the Aflfembly of the EHates of "Denmark, and held
of the Bifliop
oflSljdrofia or Drunthen in Norway, as the Temporal Eflate of Groenland
held of the
Crowno^ j>lorway,theKormegiam being the onely known Planters of this
Countrey,
deriving their Original from the aforefaid Erricky according to the
tefl:imony of
Mr.Vormim, and alfo o^ Jngrimm Jonas, in his Specimen JJlandicum, and
the Vice^Roy
of Zs{onz;^^^the Nomophylax (as the faid Jngrimus calls himj or
Sovereign Judaeofthe
Countrey. The Inhabitants of Weftrehurg.ox the Weftern Coafl: of
Groenland, are by
fome caird Skreglinguers, Accordingto the Ifeland Chronicle, the Towns
and Places
of chief note are Skageford, in the mofl: Eafl:ern part ; a little
farther Weft, the Pore
of Funchebuder,[o call'd from a Page o^ St. Olaus K^ng oi Is^ori^ ay,
v^ho together with
feveral others were caft away upon that place ; a little higher, the
^oanfcn, full of
white Bears, and other wild Beafts. in the Weftern Coaft, K^indelfiord,
an Arm of
the Sea, on the right Shore whereof Hinds ^orfekirk, i. e. a Church
built crofsways J alio the Town Vandalehug, and not far off a Monaftery, dedicated
to St,
Olaus and St. Jugujiine ,. the next Place is (I{tmpcfmfiord, where there
is a religious
Convent, and divers little Iflands, in which are Springs of Water, warm
in the
Winter, and temperate in the Summer, which are accounted Medicinal, and
of
great Vertue in the curing ofdivers Maladies J upon the fame Coaft lies
Etfnatffiord ; between which and (I^upefinfiord is the Palace Fos, and a great
Church, dedicued to St. Kiicholas . near the Promontory Clining is another great
Houfe callM
Daller,

' Chap. V.

<a M E T^I C J,

66i

Daller, and beyond Ejuatsfiord, a great liland denominated ^eynatfen^

from the abim=
dance of Rein Deer which breed there : In the fame Ifland is a Qnarry of
the
Stone Tal^ueftui, not confamable by Fire, and yet fofc enough to be cut
into any
form, infomuch that Veflels have been made of it, containing twelve Tun.
More
Wefterly lies the l{\3,nd Lan^en , and another Royal Houfe call'd
Helkflad, then Erricksford, another Arm of the Sea;, and at the Entrance thereof, the
Ifland Herrieycn,
part whereof belongs to the Dome, or Cathedral, and the other pare to
the Church
of Dunes, the principal Church o^ Groenland, next to the Cathedral.
North-Weft
horn Erricks ford is Midfiord, and farther Northward, ^ondeford - near
which arc
leveral little Ifles and Ports. Between OJlrebug and Wepehug is a large
Defart, altogether uninhabited.
This Defcription of the Countrey, Extradcd from the Ifeland Chronicle,
is
look'd upon by a late Fr^wc/j Writer of note, as the moil particular and
faithfulhowever, the Damp^ Chronicle differs ir^ many things, and amongft others
in this,
that not the hundredth ^zn o^ Gmnland is pofTefs'dby the ISlorwegians,
but that there
inhabit feveral ditlerent forts of People, of different Fafliions and
Governments,
altogether unknown to the Nomegi^w5.
Groenlmd, notwithftanding its Northerly Situation, is reported to be a
Coun- JSS
trey not unfertile of Corn, and other Produdions of the Earth ^ and in
refped of
its verdant Afped at fome Seafons of the Year,, above the relief thofe
Septentrional
'^Regions,it is concluded to have merited the Name o^Groenland, i.e.
Greenland ^ nay,
fo great is the Heat that is faid to be there during the Moneths of
June, July, &nd
Mguft, hy reafon of the reverberation of the Sun-beams from the Rocks,
that ma-

ny times there is but fix Weeks fpace betwixt Seed-time and Harvefl.
The Beafts, which are faid to breed here in great numbers, are Horfes,
Deer, what jon of
Foxes, Hares, Bears, both black and white, common Wolves, and a fort of
Beail breed there.
between a Deer and a Wolf, befides great ilore of Beavers and Martins,
as the
Ifeland Chronicle tellifies, whofe Furr in fincnefs may compare with the
Sables of
%upa. There are alfo Gerfalcons in abundance, both white and grey> of fo
delicate a kind, that they were in ancient times fcnt to the Kings of
Denmark as Pre^
fents of great rarity.
The Seas about Gymi/d?2^ abound- in very many forts of Fifli, as SeaWolves^
Sea-Dogs, Sea-Calves, and above all, incredible numbers of Whales of a
vafl
bignefs.
But the mofl remarkable Commodity of this Countrey, is a kind of Horn,
com- Stranoe und
1 I r 1 1 . . of Horn
monly call'd the Licornes, or Unkorns^Horn, which is found there in
great quantities, fuund there.
and great (lore of it is to be feen in Denmark, fome whole, fome in
great pieces,
fometimes onely the Ends or Stumps ; but fince it appears very different
from all
other kind of Horn, there is great Queflion made amongft Naturalifts,
whether it
be Horn or Tooth ? and If Horn, whether the Horn of a Beaft or FiOi f
but it is
difcover'd of late to be the Horn, or rather Tusk of a certain Fifh,
which the
Iflandcrs call Narhual, being indeed a kind of Whale, as the Name feems
to imply,
fignifying a Whale which feeds upon Carcafes.
This Countrey is call'd by the Natives, Secanunga-^ who was the firft
Difcovcrer The chief
thereof is not certainly known, but the firft chief Voyagers thither
were, of the thuhtr.'
Dutch^ William Barents, or ^arentfon, q^ Jmflerdam, who fet forth
towards thofe Parts
in the Year 1594. and before him, Dit/;?4r !B/f/lf?2s, in the Year
1563. of the Eng
Up, Mi. James Hall, who fet out from Copenhagen in Denmark, Anno 1605,
and in a
fecond Voyage was {lain by a Salvage of the Countrey.
The Coafiings, Courfes, Havens and Creeks of Groenland^ according as

Parent/on

receiv'

ings, Havens,'
and Creeks
of Groenlitttd

66^ . AMERICA. Chap. V.

receiv'd an Account of them from her'Boty^ a Groenlander^v^ntttn. in the
l>{Qrfh Lan
guagCj as it is caliM, are as follow eth '. From Stad in ISlprTi^ay^ to
HonmeJ^^ the
Eaft part o^ Groenland, h is feven days Sailing, Between IfeUnd and
Groenlaiid lieth a
RifFcaird Gomhornje-fkare, the Ice lying upon which, hindreth the
Paflage. Thofe
that Sail from ^Bergen in ]>{orway South o^(^okene/? in Ifdandj come
under Sipafjhr, a
Promontory, or high Land in the Eaft part of Gromlandj and within iight
of the
YAoh Mount Whipfark'^ between which and Groe?2/^?2^ lieth a Headland^
called Hernoldm Hooky not far from Son(iH^V^, form.erly much frequented by the
Norway
Merchants. Thofe that Sail from Ifeland to Groe?dand, Steer to SnoffneB^
Weft of
(I{okenefsj and after South-Weft. Eaft of Herjioldm Hook lieth the
Village of Skamiford, the moft Eaftcrly Village of the Ifland j Eaft of Skagenford^ the
Haven 'Bearford, inacceffible by Ships, by reafon of a great Riff lying at the
Mouth thereof.
This Place is chiefly remarkable for the Whale^fifliing, the Whales upon
the going
back of the Tide running into a great 5ti?^//-/;, as they call it, which
is in the Haven.
Eaft o^Bearford is the H'aven call'd JUahong Sound, full of little
Ifles. Eaft from
the Icy Mountain,the aforemention'd Haven Fendohothes. Farther Eaft is
the Highland Corfe Hought, where they Hunt white Bears. Weft from Hemoldus Hook
is the

Village Codosfordj and hard by the Sea-Coaft, a fair Church, which we

conceive to
be the fame with \orfekirk above fpoken of, as Qodosford may alfo
probably be the
fame with iQndelfiord, A little fanher Weft lieth the Boy, or Town
oiWartfdale (for
in the ISlorjh Language Boy fignifies a Town,) belonging to ^etrefuik,
or ^etrs'n>ike
Church ; Near this Boy orTownftandeth a Cloyfter, or Abbey of Canons
Regular, dedicated to Sf. O/^a/e and S^^^/?/we. Next to Codosford is
%ompnesford, the
fame queftionlefs with the above-mention'd (^mpeji?ifiord, where there
is a Cloyfter
of Nuns of the Order of <Sr. Benedifi : In this Ford lie many fraall
Ifles. Between
^mpnej? and the next Sound lieth a great Garden call'd Fofe, belonging
to the
King of the Countrey, as alfo St. Nicholas Church before mentioned. At
the en^
trance into EmneUmsford is the Inlet Southwoderswike, and fomewhat
higher on
the fame fide, the little Cape S/o]m^, beyond the Inlet GrMwike ^ nbove
that, the
Garden call'd Daleth, belonging to the Cathedral Church ; and on the
right=hand
to thofe that Sail out of the faid Sound, a great Wood belonging to the
fame
Church, where they feed their Oxen, Kine, and Horfes. The Highland lying
by
EmeUnesfordj is call'd The ^mas Hayth, horn theKzin-Decr which ufe to be
there
Hunted : And hereabouts is that fort of Stone of which they make large
Fats or
Cifterns^ as hath been before intimated j it is by fome call'd the
Zeyell-Stom, being
a fore of Marble, or (as fome will have it) Load-ftonc, of all colours.
Weft from
tMs lieth another Highland, call'd Long-Highland, The next Sound is
call'd Sivalterford, having a Church belongining to it of the fame Name, and where
there is
alfo a Garden belonging to the King, call'd St. Hentelflad. Next to that
lieth
Errkksford, and at the entrance thereof the Highland Errkks Hought,
belongino- to
Dc^^erskirk, the firft Parochial Church in Groerdand. North-Weft from
Errkksford,
is Megdenford. Farther out is a Church cAVd Scogelkirk-, and farther in
the Sound,
Leadenkirk, Beyond Errkksford is another Ford or >Sound, by the Name of
Eoffd^ belonging to the Cathedral Church 5 and to the North of it, two
Villages,
Ever >boy and Farther- boy ^ From thence farther North lieth Bredaford
-^ and after
that Lormontford '^ and from thence Weft ward, Icedeep. To the North of
the

WefllandMtih a fpacious Wildcrnefs, cMd Henisl Hats felt ^ and Edg'd

with maffie
Rocks and Cliffs towards the Sea fide j beyond which the Sea is
innavigable, by
reafon of the many Sw^rt/^e^w, or Whirlpools thereabouts.
In Groenland there are divers Hills, wherein are Silver-Mines,
multitudes of white
Bears,

lap. V . ^ ivi E %^ I C A ^5^

Bears, with red Patches on their Heads ,. alio white Hawks, and all
forts of Fifti.
There are moreover in the Conntrey divers Rivers, frozen up for the moil
part of
the Year, and cover'd with Ice ; yet it is generally affirmed, that it
is not fo cold
there as in Norway on I/eland. On the Hills are faid to grow Acorns and
Nuts, verywell tailed, and as big as Apples ^ alfo as good Wheat as is commonly
produced in
other Parts.
In the Journal o^Dithmar 'Blef kens' s Voyage, mention is made of a
certain blind AnAccount
Monk, brought up in the Monailery o^ St. Thotnas, who reported feveral
mcmora*

of Greenland
from Dith-

his Journal.

From Mr: '

lames Hall's

ble things concerning this Countrey, as that it was calPd

Gm/Wantiphra(lically, *"^''^^'*''
or by contrariety of Speech, as appearing feldom or never green j and
that it
abounded with Bears and white Foxes,and was not without Pygmies and
Unicorns,
which nev^r appear'd till after the Sun was entred into Jries j that in
the faid Mo.
nailery of St. Thomas there was a Fountain of fcalding Water, which was

convey 'd
through Pipes of Stones to the Monks feveral Cells, and ferv'd them not
oncly for
Stoves, but for the dreiling of their Meat, which was as well boyl'd by
means of
this Water, as if it had been over a real Fire, and that the Walls of
the Monaflery
were made of a kind of Pumice-ftone, upon which if Water were pour'd, it
would
produce a flimy Matter, commonly us'd in Head of Lime for Mortar, like
the Stone
of Mount Hecla in Ifeland j that two of thefe Pygmies, a Male and a
Female, were
kept by the Abbot, and were both endu'd with perfed humane Shape, and
overgrown with Hair, even to the outermoll Joynts of their Fingers, the Male
cfpecially, who had a Beard reaching down to his Knees, but that they feem'd
wholly
devoid of Rcafon and Underllanding, nor had any diflinft ufe of Speech,
onely
madeafemblanceof Hilfingof the manner of Geefe j laftly, he reported
thedura^
tion of the Lives of thefe Creatures to be anfwerable to the fliortnefs
of their Stature , but that concerning their Wars with the Cranes, he had no other
knowledge
than by Tradition.
The Defcription of Groenland left by }s/[x, James Hall, renders it a
high, moun- ftamous, ana craggy Pvegion, fufficiently waterM with Rivers, and
provided with Defoipnon.
good Harbors, of a Soil not unfertile in all places where he came,
having between
the Mountains fruitful Valleys and pleafant Plains, abounding with
feveral forts
of Fowl, as Partridges, Pheafants, Sea-mews, Gulls, Crows, C7*c. but of
Beads,
chiefly black Foxes, and (as was conjedur'd by the plenty of Harts-horns
found
about their Tents) Rein=Deer, yet not deilitute of other Beads, the
Veftigium q
one whereof was found to be not lefs than eight Inches over.
As for the Manners and Cuftoms of the Natives, they are by the faid
Dcfcri>
ption reprefented to be a kind of Samoid, or wand ring People, dill
moving from
placet place, warlike and adive, ufing Slings and Darts with marvellous
dexterity, of a brown Complexion for the mod part, and of an indifferent
Stature, eating their Meat either quite raw, or onely a little parboyl'd. Clothing
themfelves
with the Skins of fuch Beads, or other Creatures, as they kill,
cfpecially Seals, or

fomeof the larged fize of Fowls, which they Drefs veryfmooth and foft,
turning
the Feather or Hair fide outwards in Summer, and inward in Winter. Their
Weapons Bowes,Slings,and Bone or Iron-headed Darts j their Religion
Idolatrous^buc
chiefly Sun-WorfLip,as was gathered from their manner of Accod,when any
of the
En^lijh fird approach'd them, for they us'd to point up to the Sun, as
chief Author
of their felicity, and then beat their Breads, crying, lliont^ which
feem'd to fignifie
as much as 1 mean no harm, and would not come near till thofe that met
them did
the like. Their Houfes built of Whales Bones, and the Baulks thereof
v'^ith Whales
Ribs, and cover'd with Earth, but the bed fort v^ith SeaLSkins, having
Vaults or
\ Rcfoms

666

A M E'Kl C A.

Chap. V.

Firfi DJfcovcry of Sfdhtrgia^ or

Cninland,

Hi

jEothsrhj''s
Defcription
oiGteenland'

f\

Rooms under Ground, foursfquarC;, and two Yard's deep in the Earth.
Their
manner of Burial, a Pile of Stones thrown over the Corps, being firfl:
wrapt up in
Sealskins.
S^ilhergia^ fo call'd by the Hollanders^ from Sfilhergen^ whom probably
they reckon to have been the firft Difcoverer of it, is the fame that we
vulgarly call Greenland, and which Sir Hugh Willoughhy (if not the firfl of all, yet at
leail the firfl of the
Englipi that difcover'd any thing of thefc Parts) nam'd K^ngjamesi
'Help-Land. The
faid Sir Hugh Wtllouglhy fet forth Anno 1553. in the 'Bona EJperan;^aj
accompany'd
with two Ships more, V/;<, the Bonayenture^ ^chard Challoner Captain,
and the Bona
Confdentia, znd after fome time of Coaflingup and down thofe Northern
Seas, he
Landed with his Company upon the Place, where flaying a few days, he
fent three
Men three days Journey into the Countrey South^Wefl, and three more as
far full
Weft, who all, after much hardfhip in their Travelling, returned without
having
mer any People by the Way, or feen the leall appearance of any
Habitation, Sailing hence back for Lapland^ they were all frozen to death in the Haven
Ar^^tna.
A Defcription of Greejilandhy one Mr. Robert Fotherhy, reprefents the
Nature of
this Place contradidory to its Name, as before was obferv'd of
Greenland: *' For
" certainly (faith he) no part of the World, yet known and difcover'd,
is lefs Green
" than this, both the Mountains and Lowlands being cover'd with Snow
till the
'^ beginning of y^oie. The Countrey, which is for the mofl part
mountainous,
" bearing neither Grafs nor Tree, fave onely Heath or Ling, as it is
call'd in the
*' North parts oi England, which grows upon the Moors or Heathy Grounds
when
^^ the Snow begins to melt, and on which in Summer the Deer feed
themfclves fat in
*^ one Moneth j but how they live in the Winter, is a thing beyond any

Man's skill
" to comprehend, efpecially during the Sun's abfence under the Horizon,
which
" in the Latitude of feventy feven Degrees continues from the eighteenth
of OHoher
/' to the fourth of Fe^rwdr);.
This Countrey is by many fuppos'd never to have been inhabited by Men,
yec
not altogether uncapable of affording Habitation to fuch as would bring
with
them fufficient defenfive Weapons againfl Hunger and Cold : For other
Animals, it
is found, by the teflimony of thofe that have been upon the Place, not
to be deftitute ; for befides Deer before mentioned, there have been feen Bears and
Foxes
and of wild Fowl, Cuthhert Ducks, Willocks, Stints, Sea-Pigeons, SeaParrots,
Gulls, Noddies, ^c.
The Southermofl part of Greenland, call'd ^oint Look-out, ilands in
feventy fix
Degrees and thirty Minutes. The Wefl fide of the Land was difcover'd by
the
firft Voyagers Northward as far as eighty Degrees and odd Minutes, and
in that
compafs fix or eight good Harbors for the Whale-fifhing the Eaft fide
as far as
fijventy eight Degrees, with divers Iflands, both great and fmall,
yielding good
Harbors, and ftore of Whales and SeaHorfes.
..f>^ /w In the Year 161 o. Jona^ fooL Mafler of the Amity fell in with
this Land in Miv,
and others 'o,.,, i n i f
Grnniand. and contiou d upon the Coaft, difcovering of Harbors, and
killing of Morfes, till
June following ; and he is faid to have been the firfl that gave this
Countrey the
Name of Greenland, The next year he fet out again, accompany'd with
Thomas
Edge^ Commander of the Mir)i Margaret 5 And fince many other Voyages
have been
made as to a Place known, and a great Trade driven in catching of
Whales, not
without fevcral Contefts with the T>utch and Danes, but nothing of late
difcover'd
confiderable more than in the firft Voyages. The Harbors, Sounds and
Coaftings
moft taken notice of, are Fair Foreland, Cape Cold,BlachToi?
it,Horfi^Sound,^?iotty^fomt,
BelUSound, LomeJ^, Qoj^-^oad, Deer^Sound, FoipUSound, Clofe^Coye,
Gurnet-Nofe, IceSound, and Green-HaVen, There

Chap. V.

<tA M E %^I C A.

66j

There are few that have SaiFd to Greenland, but make great mention of
Qherry chenj.iji,d.
JJland, fo caird, as having been firft difcover'd at the Charges of Sir
Fr^wjf C/pmj,
an eminent Merchant j by others !BearJjland, from the multitude of Bears
found
there J it lies in the Latitude of feventy four Degrees, and is noted
for flore of
Fowl, Foxes like Dogs, and upon the Coafts great ftore of Whales, SeaHorres,and
Morfes ; It is alfo faid to be furnifliM with Lead=Mines, and Pits of
Sea-^Coal.
I/eland, fo call'd from the continual Ice which is upon it, is acracrgv
mountain- situanonand
^ J 1 I TT-n 1 n , ^^^ firftDifcoveous Countrey j and not onely the HillS;, but a great part of the Lowland covered i7ofr/./w.
with perpetual Snow : It is of a Form fomewhat oblong, lying between the
fifty
fourth and fifty ninth Degree of Northern Latitude, having ISlprivay on
theEafl^the
OrcAdes and Scotland on the SomhfirenUnd on the Wcft^and the
Hypsrhorean.oi frozen
Sea on the North. It is by Olam Magnus fuppos'd to be twice as big as
Skily, that is
to fay, about a hundred Leagues in length. It is the moll known, and
moll througly
difcover'd of all the Countreys of the Jrtkk ^epon, and is faid to have
beenfirll
found out and peopled in the Year of our Lord poo. by certain of the
Nobilky of
EaJi'Frifiam the Countrey o^^reme, in the time of Jkhrand, BiOiop of

that Coun
trey ; but whether or no utterly unpeopled till that time, isa Queflion
not eafie to
be determined, though in all probability fo obvious a Place to be found
out,- could
not lie fo long totally uninhabited. Not long after feveral Colonies
of ]S[on}}egians
Setled themfelves, fome in H/t/dwt/, fome inF(?roB?, others (following
the Example
of thefe 'Bnmers) in Ifeland, The Countrey is full of Rocks and Stones,
and (as is
credibly reported) not a cultivated Field or Garden in the whole Ifland,
and by
confcquence no fort of Corn, yet the People living without either Bread
or Salt,
are very ftrong, and of a good Complexion: Neither is there a Tree to be
feen^
except the Birch, which likewife grows but in one place, and exceeds not
the
heighth of a Man, by reafon of the violence of the Winds ^ yet there is
faid to be
great plenty of Butter, the Grafs being fo fat, that the Oxen are not
fuffer'd to flay
long at a time in the Paftures for fear of burning. Till of late there
was neither
Town, nor any thing that cotrld be called a Village, in the whole
Ifland, but
Uragling Cottages here and there, not above three or four together in a
place, mod
by the Sea fide for the convenience of Fifhing 5 they were built pretty
deep in the
Ground, but artificially fram'd of Whales Bones, with Seats, Benches,
and other
Utenfils of the fame j now fometimes they ufe Fir to the fame purpofe,
which is
call upon the Coaft by the force of the Sea from Tartary or elfe where.
For want of
Veffels, they lay their Butter in Heaps in the Corners of their Houfes

like Mor
tar. In the Winter,wanting Fodder, they feed their Cattel with Fifli.
Befides thefe
Cattcl, which are Kine without Horns, Horfes onely fit for carrying of
Burthens,
and very large Sheep, there are ftore of white Foxes, and huge Bears of
the fame
colour, and a fort of rough Dogs, very well known, and frequent amongd
us by
the Name of Shocks, which the lOanders efteem not a little, and will
part with their
Children at a far eafier rate : They keep neither Hogs nor Poultrey, for
want of
Grain to feed them.
. The Rivers belonging to this lOand are many, and thofe not unpleafant,
a!
ing to the Inhabitants plenty of Fifli, efpecially Sturgeon, Trouts, and
Salmons ;
and one is efpecially remarkable for a Bridge made over it, which beintr
the onely
Bridge of the Countrey, is made of the great Bones of a Whale. The whole
lOand
is one continued Defart^ without any trodden Path or Road from one pod
to the
other 5 fo that all that have occafion to travel to any part thereof by
Land, make
ufe of the Compafs, as if they were Voyaging by Sea.
The Coaft of If el and hath many ftrange and monftrous Fiili worth
obfervatioo, onThf c

>rd- ^'^^""^ Rivcrs_

m Ifelar.d.

I ;

Ik

StraiigeFoU'.':-

^*iff

^^g _ A M E K I C A. Chap. V.
as fird the Ona, which though nothing near fo bigas the'Whale, yet is
able to be
the death of it for being of the fliape of a Shipturn'd lipfide-down,
and having
fharp long Fins on its Back, it pricks the Belly of the Whale therewith
till it kills.
The next is the Backfall, which is very fat, and about twelve Inches
long.
Then the DogFifh, which lifting up its Head out of the Sea, Barks, and
letting
forth its young ones, receives them into her Belly again, when they have
fported a
while in the Sea.
-Laftly, another Monfter, of a moft frightful fliape, mentioned by Olaus
Magnus,
but not by any particular Name.
In divers parts of the Ifland are Fountains of fcalding Water, which as
foon as
taken from the Fountain begins to cool, and when cold, hatha fulphury
Subftance
fwimming on the top.
At the Weft end is a fmoaky Fountain, very cold, and turning all that is
caft
into it into Stone.
Ajthe place upon the Sea callM Turkcks BaVen, arc two Fountains of
different
quality, the one hot, the other cold, which by Pipes being brought
together into
one place, make a Bath of an excellent temperature, and of a medicinal
Vertue.
Not far from Hayen Halneford is a Cliff in a Rock of an unknown depth,
and no
Water to be difcern'd by thofe that look down into it, but if a Stone be
caft in, it
fliall make a noife for half an hour together, as if it were ftriking

againft a Brazen
VeiTel, and all this while the Water will be rifing till it comes up to
the brim, and
then will be fo long finkingagain as the Stone was falling.
Mountains of There are alfo three Mountains in Ifeland not to be left
unmention'd, the Moun*
tain of the Crof?, the Moutain Sneneljlockel, and the Mountain Heda -^
the two firft
arc chiefly conflderable for their wonderful heighth, and for the
dreadful noife of
Thunder which is heard on the-top of them, when in the adjacent parts
below, the
Air is calm and clear ; the third lying in the North of the Ifland, and
not very high,
is one of the moft prodigious Vulcans in the World, for the cafting
forth of Flames,
black Aflies, and Pumice-Stones, infomucK tha.t there is no poflibility
of Habitation within fix Miles of it round about ; and it is a receiv'd Opinion
of the Inhabitants that it is theplacc of Torment for the Souls of the Damned j
from whence^
there hath rifen fuch a company of ftrange Stories and Fables, that it
would make
up a Volume of it felf to relate them. The occafion of the great
Eruption of this
Mountain is not without much reafon imputed to the inflammation of the
Sulphur, of which there are feveral Mines or Pits in the Countrcy, though
none of
any fort of Metal.
lirft planting WaldemaYm, King of Denmark and Norway, being confequently
Mafter of this
^,/^S;;;,amongft the oihtv ISioryi^egi an Colonies, Planted the
Chrifttan Religion in this
Ifland in the Year o^ Chrijl 1398. and Ordain'd twoBifhops, one in
SchalhoWn, in
the Eaft part, another in HoUen, in the Weft j and after the Reformation
was begun,
Chrifiianmj King o( Denmark^ took care to propagate the Reformed
VoVtr'nie there, as
well as in other parts of his Dominions j and to that end fent over a
Printer
thither, that the 'B I!B LBy together with the Works o'iThilt^
UeUnflhonznd Urhanm^gius, might be publifh'd in the Vulgar Tongue of the Countrey. But
thefe
Proceedings were mainly oppos'd by the Bifliop oi Schalholden, who
animating the
People to Rebellion, they flew the King's Lieutenant : Whereupon the
next Year
^atd HolfckjS, Knight of the Vanijh Order, being fent over with an Army,
overthrew the Rebels, and taking off the chief Heads of the Rebellion,
committed the
Charge of the Government to another Nobleman o^ Venmark, whom he left
upon

the Place. But one Tadde !Bonde, a great Man of the Countrey, meditating
a Revolt,
drew

Chap. V.

<iJ M E %^1 C A.

drew divers Perlons of principal note into Conipiracy with Jiim, and was
advancing to a formidable Powcr^ had not the Bifliop given continual
Intelligence of
their Proceedings to the King's Lieutenant, who thereupon employed
Agents to
the chief Accomplices of the Faction, and what withfarr Means and
threatnings
fo w^'ought with them, that they return'd to their Obedience, and for
fook ToJJ^,
infomuch that he flying with a fmall Party, betook himfelf to a faftnefs
at the
Foot of Heckeheld, where being hemm'd in, thofe about him were flain,
and he
himfelf taken Prifoncr j and becaufe no Man to whofefafe cuftody he was
oflfer'd
durft receive him, fo much dreaded was his Power, one JonaSj a bold
courageous
Fellow, flew him with his own Hand, and thereby put an end to all
farther Tumults and Seditions.
So much have the People of this Ifland been ever addided to Sorcerie and
Su- The Peopie
perfl:ition, that notwithfl:anding the Profeffion of Chrijlianhy^ and
the frequent lifted to sor
Preaching againft thofe Sins, efpecially fince the ^formation j the
generality of pernio".
them are fl:ill wedded to many of thofe old diabolical Cuftoms, which
were pradlisM there in time o^^aganifm and amongfl: other things they arc faid
to be ferv'd,
many of them, by Spirits, which confl:antly attend them, and {zs Olam
Magnm
writes of the Fmlandersy they are oftentimes dealt with by Strangers, to
fell them
profperous Winds for Money, and (doubtlefs by the help of the Devil)
perform
the lame ; as alfo on the contrary, they are faid by their Enchantments
to fl:op the
Courfe of a Ship, and make it as it were immovable, though in the Stream
of ne-

ver fo profperous a Gale. They are a proud, haug^hty People, and for the
mofl:
partendu'd with vafl: fl:rength of Body ; their Habit fo promifcuous,
that neither
Sex can be difl:inguifli'd by it. They are not onely forward to
profl:itute their
Daughters to thofe Germans that Trade with them at Hafnefords, but that
Virgin
who hath had to do with a German^ (hall be fure tp be fo much the more
efl:eem'd
and Courted.
The onely Towns and Buildings of note here, and thofe erected but of
late Ages
arc I, fiafmfords, a Haven Town, chiefly frequented by Dutch Merchants
for
TraflSck with the "Natives.
2. !BedJlede, the Refldence of the Lord Lieutenant or Governor for the
King of
Denmark,
3. The Bifhops See of Hd//4r, having four Monafteiies belonging to it,
>i;^,
^'mgore, ^mejlede, Modor, and Monkeniere.
4. The Bifliops See of Schalholt, to which alfo doth belong four
Mooafl:eries, 'vi;?^.
Vedey^ ^ernehar^ IQrkehar, and Schirde,
The Nobles oi If eland are called 'Bonden ; their Jujikiaries or Judges,
being twelve i^eirPiace
^ _ _ - ^, And iTitinncr
in number, Lochmaders, that is, Men of Law or Jufl:ice, who are faid to
meet once ^Udi"uire
a year on the twenty ninth oijune^to adminifter Jufl;ice in a place
ordain'd for that
purpofe in the midil of the Ifland, appearing like fome feigned
Paradice, fo plea^
fant a place it is reprefented to be at that time of the year, being (as
the Tradition
goes) from a high burning Mountain like Hccluy confum'd to a Plain, and
fo envi=
ron'd with Rocks, that there was left but a fmall Pafl^age for one at a
time to enter.
Here the Governor having firft given the Charge, leaves the Trial oF all
Matters
to the Lochmaders, who having diligently heard every Caufe argued on
both fides,
withdraw for a while to Confult together, and then proceed to Sentence,
the fame
Perfons being both Jury and Judge but if any Cafe of difficulty or
fcruple arife,
they confult the Governor.

Angrimmjono/s's Relation o^ Ijeland differing much from what hath been

delivered ^jfruj^tl
by 'Blejkens^ is not to be omitted. He faith it was firfl; difcover'd by
one T{addccm, a " <'^^l'''""^-

Towns and
) Places of
note.

Ppp

Pyrate,

CHlitXtUii
Voyige to
tjeiind.

Iloccos Voy
a^e to the

II

iV:

6jo a M E "Kl C A, Chap. V.

Pyrate, who going towards the Farenftan lllands, was call by Tempcft
upon the
Shore of Eaft-IJel^itd, near the Mountain %eidarfial -^ and as he
departed from the
' Coaft, perceiving^the tops of the higheft Mountains covered with a
very deep
Snow, caird thelfland Sndandiay that is_, Snowy Countrey.
Upon the fame of Naddocm's Difcovery, one Gardarus, the Son of Suavarus, a
Swede, was defirous to make a Voyage thither, and arriving near the
Eaftern Shore

Winter'd in the Bay o^ Skialfanda,ot North JjJand, in the Year of our

Lord 864. and
caird the Haven Hufcafi^kk, from theHoufes or
Wintering.placesbuiltthere, as the
ne*t. Haven to it was call'd Nartaraivick, ixomKcitrare^ an eminent
Mariner in this
Expedition. Gardarws returning home about the beginning of the Sprincr,
call'd
the Countrey from his own Name Gardarfiolm.
'^^^"^^^^^^^^^^^^^'^ ^^^ ^^^"^P^^) was one F/occO;, a famous Pyrate,
whofe
f.mcPiace. Daughter Gcirhilda being drown'd upon the Coaft of Schetland
(anciently Htetland,)
gave the Name of Geirhtldarwata to the Sea thereabouts : Not having the
ufe of the
Mariners Compafs, he made ufe of Ravens for the fleering of his Courfe,
and ha
ving fent forth two v^ithout fuccefs, by the guidance of the third he
had fight of
the Eaftern Cidc of the Ifland and Steering Southward, he found a
very wideBay,
between the Promontories (l(^Adm and Sn^fefmfs . which Bay, from F^jc^
a 5m'
ti/h Mariner that accompany'd him, he nam'd Faxaos, that is, The Mouth
of Faxa,
though from its many Havens it came afterwards to be term'd
Hafnafiordurl
Sailing along the Weft fide of the iHand, he entred the Bay
'Bredafiord , and
took up his Quarters at Watms^erdur, a Haven in the Province
'Bardoftraund (for by
thefe Names thefe Places.came afterwards to be known : ) Having ftay'd
here two
Winters, he returned back into Komay, and is faid to have been the firft
that gave
this Countrey the Name of J/~e/4^, from the great quantities of Ice
which fili'd
the Seas thereabouts, he.alfogave it the Name of %afnaflock, from the
Ravens
which ferv'd him in ftead of a Compafs.
The laft and moft confiderable Adventurer was Ingulf m, the Son oiOrn,
Duke
ofFjrdafilace in Norway, who, together with his Coufin U,crUifm, that
Marry 'd his
Sifter Helca, being adjudged to BanilLment by Halften (to the Award of
whofe
Judgment they had fubmitted themfelvesj upon the flaughter of his two
Brethren,
Holmftcn and Herpn, (thefe three Brethren were the Sons of JtLts, one of
the prime
Noblemen of 2s(,orTi;^j) in a Quarrel, wherein a//^ was chofen
Umpire ,- and alio detefting the Tyranny of Haraldm Tukhricomm, King of Norway, went
over Gonfaloniere, or chief Leader of a great Colony ofPeople, whom he rais'd

for thefetling
of a Plantation in fome foreign Countrey : Accompany'd with his Coufm
Hiorleifi^, he took Shipping for Jfeland in the Year of our Lord 854. having
been over
tovifit it about four years before he Landed at a Promontory on the
South
Shore, which from him took the Name of Ingulfholde, and ^t<I(ekharwick
fetled his
Habitation, while Hwrleifm feated himfelf at the Promontory by him
call'd Hior^
leifholda, where he built two very large Houfes, each being about a
hundred and
thirty Foot long; then he fet himfelf to Manure and Till the Ground,
employing
in that Vi^ork ten Slaves, whom he brought with him for that purpofe out
of Nj)r^
Ti^ay- but it was not long ere they traiteroufly fet upon him and flew
him by an
Ambufcade which they had laid for him ^ after which they betook
themfelves to
certain little Ifles, which were nam'd Wejlmafyar, where before they had
well neftled themfelves, the whole Race of them were rooted out by Ingulph us, in
revenge
of his Kinfman's Death. After this the Ifland grew daily more and mJre
populous
by the coming over of new Families from Norway . io that at this day it
is a Place
not the leaft confiderable belonging to the Kings of Denmark.
The

A Plantation
Lihd in Ife~
by Ingulphus
a;id Hiurie.fm

'^

Chap. V. , A M E%^1 C A. 6-ji

The ancient Inhabitants of this place (for it is to be fuppos'cl chat
there were
People here before the coming over o^ Ingulf us) were call'd ^apd or
Tapl), and the
Eafl: iide of the lOand, Tapey^ which agrees very well with the Nimes of

two little
Iflands on the Coafl o^ Scotland, ^appa and Weftrcpappa^ from which many
conje5lure^
as alfo from feveral Crofles and Bells found upon the Place^ that there
hath been
in former Ages a irefort of the Iri//?, and of the People of the Norths
Weft parts of
Scotland,
The Eaftern Bound of If eland is call'd Aujlurhorn-^ the Weftern,
%andefandur ^^ j^^ -^i^-,^,^^
theNorthern^Lrtw^dwe^ ; and the Southern, ^icraues. The Ifiand being
dividec^ac- "'^^I'^""'^' ^
cording to the four Quarters of the World, ISI^orth -Ifiand is fever'd
from Eajl-'lfland
by the aforefaid Promontory of Langanes ; from Weficlfland by
^utafiordur Bay ;
from South'Iflandj byvaftand unpaflable Defarts. Between South -IJland
a.nd EajlIJland runneth the River Jocoljuy through the Defarts of Solfeimafande*
Between
South-Ifland and IVeJi-IJland a famous River nam'd Jlhis, which emptieth
it felf into
the Bay of !B^r^^r/zor^.
'Tis a vulgar Opinion, that this Ifland is the fame which the Ancients
call'd schetiaithe
Thule J but upon confideration it will appear, that by the Ultima Thule
taken notice Anaents,
of by Virgd^ Claudianj Statins, Pythias Mafsilienfis, ^linj, Seneca ^
Solium , Tacitm, and
others, is meant one of the 'Britijh Ides, amongft which v?7ere
comprehended
the Iflcs on the North of Scotland, 2iS the Ore ades, and fome others,
the utmoft of
which we call Schetland ^^.nd is very probable to be this Ultima Thule
of the Ancients,
'HoVa Zemhla, lying under feventy fix Degrees of Northern Latitude,, and
a hun- Mov>i zm^
dred and twelve Degrees and twenty five Minutes of Longitude, and being
rec= difcover-d/
kon'd above two hundred Miles in length, was, together with the River
^uora,
and Straights ofWeygats^ difcover'd, (and, as it isthoughc^firft of all)
by Stephen 'Burm
rough, who was fent out by the MufcoVta Company in the Year 1556. to
find out a
Way to Cathay by the NorthEafl:.
Afterwards one Oliyer 'Bunelj aDMtc/7-man, mov'd with the hope of Gain,
went
from BnKhmjfen to <Pecora j where (having firft difcover'd Qoftinfarca
in MoVa Zemhla)
he loft all by Ship wrack.
The States'General nothing difcourag'd with the little fuccefs of thefc

two Voya*
gers, fent forth two Ships under the Command o^ Hugo Linfchot^ to the
Straights of
WeygatSj2.nd two others under William BarrentsJ^Nho were to godiredly
Northwards
^ot ISlpy a Zemhla \ Linfchot went fifty Miles beyond, the Straights,
but the Northerly Winds and late Seafon of the year forc'd him to haften back with
all pofTible
fpeed. William Barents and his Company were neceflitated in the Year
1596. being
not able to get off, in regard the Ice increased upon them more and
more, to take
up their Wintj^r Quarters there in a Cottage, which they made a fliift
to caft up^
for their prefent neceflity, having much ado to defend themfelves
againft the Bears,
that continually aflaulted them.
This Countrey is generally deliver'd to be a barren and defart Countrey,
full o^aipdor^
J O Jf -^ ^ of the Couu'^
of Wood indeed, but the Boughs as bare of Leaves, as the Ground of Grafs
j alfo ^--s/very incommodious to be travell'd through, by reafon of its defartnefs,
and the
danger of Bears, great fierce Foxes, and fi.ich like ravenous Beafts,
which ^eed oncly
upon Flelh, and which are the onely Beafts this Countrey harbors.
In a Journal of Mr^ He?iry Hudfon, there is to be found a much more
favorable
Defcription of the Countrey : " Generally (faith he) the Land of NoVa
Zemhla
*^ that we have feen, is to a Man's Eye a pleafant Land, much Main Highland
* ^ with no Snow on it, looking in fomeplaces green, and Deer feeding
thereon,
" and the Hills partly covered with Snov/, and partly bare.
P p p 2 -it

^l^u

Ijhnd.

6jz A M E^l C A. Chap. V.

Ic fliould feem to have been a receivM Opinion from the firft Difcovery
of
N6"V4 Zemhla, that it was inhabited by Typ?iies, it being feveral
times,in the Jouryials
of^fome Voyages, mentioned particularly by the Name of 7he Land of
fy^mies, but
upon what certain Ground cannot in theleaft bedifcover'd ; for we find
not from
the ^ftdns (to whom the Place, by reafon of its Vicinity, is probable to
have been
firft known) any other Account of the Inhabitants, but that they are a
People
wholly deilitute of civil Manners, and unlimited by Law or Religion,
favingthat
they feem to give fome kind of Adoration to the Sun, Moon, and Northftar and
have fome Qualities which fpeak them rational Creatures- whereas tht
(pygmies
(if there be any fuch Creatures) are thought to have nothing of Humane
but their
Shape onely.
Befides Mo-va ZemhU there is not far from it another Ifland, known by
the Name
o^Wdloughhy^IJland, from Sir Hugh Willoughhy, the fird Difcoverer 5 they
both are of
the Dominions of the (^;^4r of {?(/^y?/^.
Seyeral ^/nempts for the difcovery of the North-Weft Paffage.
Hat hath been difcover'd of Sea in the North or South parts of the
World, is
of nolefs Confequence than what hath been difcover'd of Land, and the
Straight o^Hudf on l^on\i^zx6i^ is no lefs confiderable than the
Straight of Magellak
South 5 we (ball therefore compleat this Difcourfe of the Jrtick Region
with a
brief Mention of what Capes, Bays, Sounds, e^c. have been found out by
thofe that
have attempted to find a Paflage by the Norths Weft to tht EaJlJndies.
Not to infift upon the fabulous Stories of King Jrthu/s firft conquering
Ireland^
and then Sailing into the Northern Seas, and fubduing Scantia, I/eland,
Greenland,
and (as the Story faith) many other Iflands beyond Norn^ay even under
the fok, or
c^Malgo's fubduing Ireland, If eland, the Or cades a.n6 Norway, or
OHhe/s Reports to

King Jlfred of his Voyages to the North^Eaft parts beyond Norway, or the
Voyage of the two fa.mous FenetianBrethxcn^ Nicola 2.nA Jntonh ^vni, otoi
Marcus Taulu5 VenetuSy Odoricus and Vertomamms j the firft EngUp^msin we hear of,
that made an
Expedition into thofe Northern Seas, was Sir Hugh Wtlloughhy, before
taken notice
of for the Difcovery of K^mg James's N^ewland and Wtlloughhy ^Ijland, in
the Year of
our Lord 1553.
Stej^hcn 'Burroughs (as hach been intimated) difcover'd amongft other
Places,
about the Year 1556, the Straight of Vaigats.
In the Year 1576., Sir Martin Forbijher fetting forth with two Barques,
after
he had been out about five Weeks, had fight of a High-land, which he
nam'd
Mofeund ^^^^^ Elt^aheths Foreland : Thence Sailing more Northerly to the
heighth of about
lixty two Degrees, hedefcry'd a great Sea or Inlet, which he entred;,
and thence it
took the Appellation o^ Forhifier's Straight, About two years after
proceeding to a
farther difcovery of it, he entred a good way into it, and took
poffeffion of the
utmoft Place he went to for Queen Elt:^abeth, who thereupon gave it the
Name of
Meta-Incoo-nita.
Jnno 1 5 80. Arthur ?ett and Charles J ackman were fent out by the
^u/^ian Company,
to make a Difoovery of the River Ob, and paffmg the Straight o^Waigats,
took par*
ticular obfervation of the Illands and Places there, but not being able
topafs much
farther, by reafon of the Ice, towards the latter end of the year they
returned.
In profecution of this Difcovery to the North- Weft, Captain >/; Dayis
of Sanl|||. ^?''^onX)myJ;ire, made three Voyages 5 his firft Jn?io 1585. his
fecond, 1587. in
which he met with many ftrange Adventures 3 but the main thing that
accru'd
from

Straight,

Ckap. V. ^^M E %^l C A. 6-73

from thefe Voyages, was the finding of a mighty Through-let between
v.a/1 and
dcfart Iflands, to which his Name gave the Appellation of Fretum Vayis,
or DaVis's ^''r^rjt.
Straight.
The next that went upon this Defign was Captain George Weymouth^ who
from
the Year 1585 to i6oi made feveral Expeditionrs, which produced Jarge
Relations
of ftrange Accidents that befell them, but little of Difcovery farther
than what had
been made before.
}Av. James Halij very noted for his Voyages to Groenlaiid^ (which before
was by
Captain i^^V^call'd Vefolation) at his falling in with that Place nam'd
a Head4and
from the then K\n^oi 'Dmmark, Qa^e Chr'tjllanus^ which fome think to be
no other '^^f^ chisuthan Cd/?e Farewd.
^nno 1606. Mr. John I^'tght was fct out by the King of Denmark^ of the
Paflages
of whole Voyage little or nothing memorable is recorded.
The next and mofl famous Attempter in the difcovery of the Korth-Wdfl
fajfage,
was Henry Hudf on ^ who is faid to have difcover'd farther Northward to
the 'Po/s
than any before him. From the Year 1607 to 161 o he made feveral
Voyages, being fet o-ut by Sir Thomas Smithy S\t Dudley T>lggs , and }At^
JohnWoJienholm, with
others that were his great Friends, and Advancers of fuch publick
Defigns. In his
laft Voyage the Ifles of Gods Mercy ^ Prince Henry s Foreland y J^ng
James's Cape^
Queen Annes Cape, ^-ggs's Ijlandj Cape Wofienholm^ The K^ngs Foreland ,
Mount Charles ,
Cape Salisbury, &c. were firft taken notice of and nam'd, and, which
were his princi*
pal Difcoveries, and therefore worthily retaining his Name, Hudfon's
Straight ^^^ ^'^fj^.'ll ^^^
iBay ; but in his return homeward he was fee upon in his Cabbin by one
Green^ Wil- ^;fon, and others of their Confpiracy, and together with his Son John
Hudfon^ Tbo,
Widdows. Am. Ludlow, Sidrach Faner, and two or three more, was put over
into a
fmall Shallop, in which they were forc'd to feek their Fortune, and in
all likeli*
hood perifii'd, for they were never heard of after. Not long after Green
going on

Shore upon a Itrange Ifland, was (hot from an Ambufcade of Salvages into
the
Heart ; the like En^ Kad Wilfon, and three more of the Confpirators dy'd
of their
mortal Wounds^ the reft with much ado got home in a very fick and weak
Condition, through the HardOiips they had fuftain'd, and wantof Provifions.
There was alfo another Hudfon, who ^nno 1608. went to the heighth of
eighty
one Degrees, and gave Names to certain Places, which continue to this
day, as
Whale-!Bay, HacUuit's Headland, and Hudfo?i's Touches,
By the Afliftance of Prince Henrj^ and thofe other Noble Perfons above
mentioned, Captain Thomas button fet out in the Year 161 2. and is faid to
have pals'd
Hudfons Straight, 2Lnd leaving Hudfon's Bay totheSouth, to have Sail'd
two hundred
Leagues South- We ft ward over a Sea above eighty Fathoms deep,. which
at length
he difcover'd to be another great Bay, fince calFd 'Button's 'Bay : He
is faid alfo to Bumn:B>xy.
have difcover'd a great Continent, which he call'd JNf^eTb Wales.
Several other Voyagers there were in this great Attempt of the ISlorthWeJl Taf^
fage, a.s Captain Gibbons, ^hert 'Bylot, U^ilHam Baffins, and Captain
Wdltam Hatokridge,
who though they all came fhort of the main Enterprize, yet everyone
found out
fome new Cape, Bay, or Promontory, or open'd a farther Paffage than had
been
before, as Bylot made known Cape Comfort -^ Baffin, the Inlet call'd
from him Baffins ,.ffir,'s Bay.
Bay, 2.^ alfo Sit James Lancajler's Sound-, Hali^kridge, a farther
Paffage into Lumly's laiec*
From the Year 1616. to 1651. theBufinefsllept, and then a Voyage was
undertaken by Captain Luke Fox, who at his Return gave very good hopes and
encouragement, that the Work, fo long in profecucion, was not impoflible to
be effedted ;
neverthelefs, by reafoa of the late troublefom Times ic m^as again
wholly laid
afide

4lr

J vl\

67^ AMERICA. . Cliap. V,

aride for almoft forty years j but in the Year 1668, feveral Peifons of
Honor undertook to revive the Work, and to that purpofe furnifh'd out two Ships
which fet
forth in June, and returned about the beginning of Ofiober the Year
foUowinpgiving fofatisfadtory an Account of their Voyage, that in the Year 1670.
the fame
Adventurers thought fit to fend out two Ships more, fo furniOi'd as to
endure
Wintering there, which they did, with greater hopes than ever of finding
out the
KorthWeJiTaPie, befides a handfom Cargo of rich Furrs, which made it
more
than a faving Voyage ; fo that 'tis fuppos'd this will not be the laft
Attempt but
that another will fuddenly follow. And it may well be obferv'd rh-r.,^^J,
/ V y vj J lijtu. notnin^
confiderable hath been done, in this grand Enterprizc, but by the
EnxUfl?, ^
A briefVievp ofi^hat T laces are pops' d at this day in the WefUndies
hj the Englifli, Spaniards, French, Portuguefe, andDutch.
THe Englip? poffcfs in ^{Qrthern Jmmca, Ne^ EiigUnd, the Bay of Trinity,
Chinm,
and apart of Terra Nova, or I^en^^found Land Vtrgmla, part of Eorida,
now
call'd Carolina, the 'Bermudas, or Summer -Ijlands, New Holland, which
they took from
the Vtitch An. 1664, with Ne^ Jmjierdam ^nd Fort Orange ; Terra Mari^,
or Mary-^Und
part of the Ifles call'd Lwc^ifi ; among the JntilU or Qarlhhee-ljUnds,
Barbados, AngniUa, part of St, Chriftophers, Montferrat, Nteves or UeVis,Jntego,
Dominica, and St.Fm^
ant . the iQe of St, Qatherine, other wife call'd froytdence Jamaica,
the Ifles of Curacao
and Trinity, feveral Colonies at Surinam and Sinamari, with feveral
Forts upon the
Coaft of Guiana j and lallly, the Haven <Porto Bello, once the
Spaniards,
The Spaniards ^of[ds the greateft andbeftpartof America, wherein they
have
a vail number of very confiderable Towns. In Northern Amerita they have

i. Nelt>
Spain, in which are the Audiences of Mexico, Guadalajara, and Guatimala.
2. The Iflands
Cuba and Btj^aniola (excepting fome parrs towards the Weft, which are in
poffeiTion
of the Ermch) Bonquen, &c. alfo St. Auguftme and 5^ Matthew m Florida,
and a part
of Ney, Mexico. U Southern Jmerica, Caftillad' Oro ox Golden CaJltK
oth..wi{b call'd
Terra Ftrma, in which are tl>e^^*Vto ufTanama, and the new Realm of
Granada next TerUf in which are the Audiences of Quito, Lima, and La flata ;
laftly, Chili and
Paraguay, which comprehends the Countreys of Tucu7?ian and La ^lata.
The French have in Canada, or Noya Francia, Montreal, the Rivers
Queheck, Tadoufack
and fome Places upon the great River of St, Lawrence j alfo Accadie,ov
Noya Scotia the
Ifle of Cape Breton, with the Vort St,Teter, from whence they Traffick
to Nepig-iauit
with the Salvages of that Coaft ; part of the Ifle ofTerre^Neuye,
Temptagoet, St. Jean,
^Pon-^oyd, and other Fortreffes. Among the Qaribhee-IJlands^ part of St,
fhrifiophers, St, Bartholomew, St. Crux, St. Martin, Guadalupe^ Dc/eado,
Marigalante, Todos los
Sanclos, Martmico, St. Aloufie and Granada ; likewife fome Colonies^on
the Weft of
H'jl^cniola, Upon the Continent of Southern America, on the Coaft of
Gutana, the Ifle
(^dje?;e,. where ftands the Fort of St. Michael de Ceperoux, now Fort
Louis . alfo the
Colonics of Mathouria.t\d Ar??nre,Courrou,Coonama zndComanbo. ^ ' '
The fonuouefe pofl'efs all the Coaft of Brafik in Southern America, with
the feveral
Capitanias or ^rc^feHures thereof.
The Dutch have onely the Ifles of St, Eujlace and Saba, the Town of Coro
in Terra
Firma, the Colonies Boron, F/^uib, Berebie, Aperwaque, and others, on
the Coaft of
Guia?ja,

F I J\(^ I

s.

Diredions for placing the VVhoIe-flieet Prints in this

Volume of (^America,

Tick
The general Map of America Vol. i
-ChriftoflPel Colonus ^43
-:^ngro op Tercera ^52
Americus Vefputius . -^60
-Ferdinand Magellanus ^ ^79
Vetus Mexico -"87
-Athabaliba ^97
'Novum Belgium quod nunc Nov. Jorck
vocatur -168
Mary-Land ^^^l
-Nova Virginije Tabula 192
-Arx Carolina -.205
Virginise pars Auftralis & Florida - 213
'Pagus Hifpanorum in Florida *2i8
-Yucatan & Guatimala ^222
-Francifco de Campeche -223
-Truxillo -231
-Nova Hilpania,Nova Gallicia& Guatimala ^ -238
*Nova Mexico -243
-Muteczuma -253
-Portus Acapulco -260
-Viztlipuztli -2p7
Jnfulae Americanae in Oceano Septentrionali -3^4
--Mappa illivarum Infularum alias Barmudes -311
^Urbs Domingo in Hifpaniola ^318
^Porto Rico '3^7
Havana ^333
^v Jamaica -^337

Urbs Martini-

^365

Carthagena- ' , wfoi

Terra Firma^ Rcgnum Granatenfe &
Popayan- ^408
Peru- ^412
Francifcus Pizarrus- ^29
Cufco- '45^
Potofi- ^^3
Callao de Lima- -%4<^^
Chili- ^70
Magcllanica- Jil|f' -472
Paraquaria- jt^^ -474
Braille- ^477
Sinus omnium Sandorum^ ^502
Olinda-^ -505
Oftium fiuminis Parayba^- ,508
Itamaraca . -^517
Fluvius Grandis- ^517
Siara^ -517
Urbs Salvador -519
Obfidio &expugnatio Portus Calvi-5 54
Alagoa del Zul- ^56
Serinhaim-* -580
Mauricio-Polis-^ '604
Caftrum Mauritii ad ripam FrancifcHSo^
Arx Principis Guilielmi- -605
Bonavifta ^606
Guiana five Amazonumregio-^ ^607
Arx Naflbvii- -608
Venezuela cum parte Auftrali nov^e An-

dalufix- '^<^24

o44y7-

f;

i I ? c ~

C.A. CARPENTER, JR.

BaOKBINDER
SHREWSBURY, MASS.

i*W*R|W'?^-':*t

*lf ">

'>\V.

lli^'

*}