Robert M. Kerr - Latino-Punic Epigraphy - A Descriptive Study of The Inscriptions-Mohr Siebeck (2010)

Forschungen zum Alten Testament
2. Reihe
Edited by
Bernd Janowski (Tübingen) · Mark S. Smith (New York)
Hermann Spieckermann (Göttingen)
42
Robert M. Kerr
Latino-Punic Epigraphy
A Descriptive Study
of the Inscriptions
Mohr Siebeck
Robert M. Kerr, born 1968; studied Semitic languages and comparative linguistics.
e-ISBN PDF 978-3-16-151140-0

ISBN 978-3-16-150271-2
ISSN 1611-4914 (Forschungen zum Alten Testament, 2. Reihe)
Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliographie;
detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de.
© 2010 by Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen, Germany.

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Printed in Germany.
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Table of Contents
Preface ............................................................................................................................VII
Contents .......................................................................................................................... IX
Abbreviations .............................................................................................................. XIII
Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 1
The present study ..................................................................................................................................1
The corpus ..............................................................................................................................................2
The genre ................................................................................................................................................4
Other sources .........................................................................................................................................4
The language ..........................................................................................................................................5
The Sitz im Leben ..................................................................................................................................7
The survival of Punic in Roman North Africa ...............................................................................13
Chapter 1: Towards a description of Latino-Punic phonology .............................. 25

1.1 Gutturals, half-vowels and vowels ............................................................................................25
1.1.1 The gutturals in late Punic..................................................................................................26
1.1.1 The gutturals in late Punic..................................................................................................26
1.1.2 Vowels in late Punic .............................................................................................................38
1.1.3 Vowel notation in neo-Punic ..............................................................................................38
1.1.3.1 {c} pro /a/ or /ā/ ........................................................................................................39
1.1.3.2 {c}pro anomalous .....................................................................................................42
1.1.3.3 {ʼ} pro /e/ or /ē/ ........................................................................................................43
1.1.3.4 {ʼ} Latin names ending in {-vs} rendering /e/......................................................44
1.1.3.5 {ʼ} pro /o/ or /ō/ ........................................................................................................45
1.1.3.6 {ʼ}pro /u/ or /ū/ .........................................................................................................47
1.1.3.7 {ʼ} pro /a/ or /ā/ ........................................................................................................50
1.1.3.8 {w} pro /u/ or /ū/ .....................................................................................................52
1.1.3.9 {y} pro /i/ or /ī/ ........................................................................................................54
1.1.3.10 {y} Latin names ending in {-ivs}..........................................................................57
1.1.3.12 {cw} pro /aw/ ..........................................................................................................58
1.1.3.11 {y} Latin nouns ending in {-ivs} and {-ivm} ......................................................57
1.1.3.13 {qwc} rendering Latin /qwa/ .................................................................................59
1.1.3.14 {qwy} rendering Latin /qwi/ .................................................................................60
1.1.3.15 {cy} or {ʼy} Latin diphthong /æ/ ...........................................................................60
1.1.3.16 {h} pro /a/ or /ā/.....................................................................................................62
1.1.3.17 {h} pro /u/ or /ū/ ....................................................................................................63
1.1.3.18{ h} pro /e/ or /ē/ .....................................................................................................63
1.1.3.19 {h} pro /o/ or /ō/ ....................................................................................................65
1.1.3.20 {ḥ} /a/ or /ā/ ............................................................................................................66
1.1.3.21 {ḥ} /o/ or /ō/ ...........................................................................................................66
1.1.3.22 The rendition of Latin nouns in Punic ..............................................................68
1.1.4 Vowel reduction in Latino-Punic .......................................................................................74
1.1.4.1 Syncope .....................................................................................................................76
X Table of Contents
1.1.4.2 Vowel harmony .......................................................................................................76

1.1.4.3 The grapheme {e}/ε..................................................................................................82
1.1.4.4 The grapheme {y}/υ .................................................................................................86
1.1.4.5 Comments on vowel reduction in Roman North Africa ...............................100
1.2 Plosives .........................................................................................................................................105
1.2.1 Punic /b/ ...............................................................................................................................107
1.2.2 Punic /k/ ...............................................................................................................................111
1.2.3 Punic /p/...............................................................................................................................117
1.2.4 Punic /t/................................................................................................................................120
1.3 The Sibilants .................................................................................................................................126
1.3.1 The use of {s} .......................................................................................................................126
1.3.2 The use of {Σ}, or rather {z} ...............................................................................................130
Chapter 2: Morpho-Syntactical Observations ........................................................ 139

2.1 Suffixed elements ........................................................................................................................139
2.1.1 Suffix 3ms ............................................................................................................................139
2.1.2 Suffix 3fs...............................................................................................................................142
2.1.3 Suffix 1plc ............................................................................................................................142
2.1.4 Suffix 2mpl...........................................................................................................................143
2.1.5 Suffix 2mpl...........................................................................................................................143
2.1.6 mpl Ending ..........................................................................................................................144
2.1.7 mdual Ending......................................................................................................................144
2.1.8 mpl Constructus .................................................................................................................144
2.1.9 fpl Ending ............................................................................................................................145
2.2 Prefixed elements ........................................................................................................................148
2.2.1 The preposition b- ‘in’ ........................................................................................................148
2.2.2 The preposition l- ‘to, for’ .................................................................................................149
2.2.3 Copula ..................................................................................................................................150
2.2.4 Definite article ....................................................................................................................151
2.2.5 Nota obiecti .........................................................................................................................153
2.2.6 Demonstrative pronouns ..................................................................................................153
2.2.7 Relative pronouns...............................................................................................................154
2.3 Conjugated verbs ........................................................................................................................158
2.3.1 Semantic comments ...........................................................................................................159
2.3.1.1 The verb pcl/fel .......................................................................................................160
2.3.1.2 The verb ḥwy/avo ..................................................................................................163
2.4 Varia ...............................................................................................................................................165
2.4.1 Personal pronouns..............................................................................................................166
2.4.2 Adverbs ................................................................................................................................166
2.4.3 Genitive constructions ......................................................................................................166
2.4.4 Numerals..............................................................................................................................168
Chapter 3: The Latino- and Graeco-Punic corpus ................................................. 169

Bir ed-Dreder .....................................................................................................................................169
Bir el-Uaar ..........................................................................................................................................183
Bir Scedeua .........................................................................................................................................184
Bir Shmech .........................................................................................................................................185
Breviglieri ...........................................................................................................................................189
Dukakra...............................................................................................................................................191
Table of Contents XI
Fasciet el-Habs ...................................................................................................................................192
Gasr el-Azaiz ......................................................................................................................................193
Gasr Bugar..........................................................................................................................................196
Gasr Doga ...........................................................................................................................................196
Gasr es-Suq el-Oti .............................................................................................................................197
Gasr el-Ureia ......................................................................................................................................198
Gasr Zuguseh .....................................................................................................................................198
Ghadames ...........................................................................................................................................199
Gheria el-Gharbia .............................................................................................................................200
Ghirza ..................................................................................................................................................200
Lepcis Magna .....................................................................................................................................203
Libya OU .............................................................................................................................................206
Miragen Ngosta .................................................................................................................................208
Nawalia ...............................................................................................................................................208
Al-Qusbat ...........................................................................................................................................210
Sirte ......................................................................................................................................................211
Wadi Beni Musa ................................................................................................................................217
Wadi Chanafes ...................................................................................................................................218
Wadi Ghalbun ....................................................................................................................................219
Wadi Uaeni .........................................................................................................................................220
Wadi Umm el-Agerem .....................................................................................................................221
Zliten ...................................................................................................................................................225
El-Hofra ..............................................................................................................................................227
Wasta ...................................................................................................................................................230
Glossary......................................................................................................................... 233
Bibliography ................................................................................................................. 237
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$*- WJJJ ोोॉॆ *-$7 ॅैोृD
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Robert M. Kerr - Latino-Punic Epigraphy - A Descriptive Study of The Inscriptions-Mohr Siebeck (2010)

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Robert M. Kerr - Latino-Punic Epigraphy - A Descriptive Study of The Inscriptions-Mohr Siebeck (2010)

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Forschungen zum Alten Testament

e-ISBN PDF 978-3-16-151140-0

© 2010 by Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen, Germany.

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Chapter 1: Towards a description of Latino-Punic phonology .............................. 25

1.1.4.2 Vowel harmony .......................................................................................................76

Chapter 2: Morpho-Syntactical Observations ........................................................ 139

Chapter 3: The Latino- and Graeco-Punic corpus ................................................. 169

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