NATO UNCLASSIFIED

NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION

ORGANISATION DU TRAITE DE L’ATLANTIQUE NORD

ML /TARYAGENCYFOR STANDARD/?. T/ON (MAS)

BUREAU M/L/TA/RE DE STANDARLVSA T/ON (BMS)
777OBRUSSEL.9

Tel : 707.42.82

8 July 1999 MAS/873-C3l5065

STANAG 5065 C3 (EDITION 1) - MINIMUM STANDARDS FOR NAVAL LOW

FREQUENCY (LF) SHORE-TO-SHIP SURFACE BROADCAST SYSTEMS

Reference:
ANCA/97/SEC/34 dated 14 March 1997 (Edition 1) (Ratification Draft 1)

1. The enclosed NATO Standardization Agreement which has been ratified by

nations as reflected in page iii is promulgated herewith.

2. The reference listed above is to be destroyed in accordance with local

document destruction procedures.

3. AAP-4 should be amended to reflect the latest status of the STANAG.

ACTION BY NATIONAL STAFFS

4. National staffs are requested to examine page iii of the STANAG and, if they
have not already done SO, advise the NHQC3S through their national delegation as
appropriate of their intention regarding its ratification and implementation.

A. GR0NHEIM
Major General, NOAF
Chairman MAS

Enclosure:
STANAG 5065 (Edition 1)

-l-
8738E-99ST5065(mv)
NATO UNCLASSIFIED
 NATO UNCLASSIFIED

STANAG No. 5065

(Edition 1)

NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION

(NATO)

-+-
I

MILITARY AGENCY FOR STANDARDIZATION

(MAS)

STANDARDIZATION AGREEMENT
(STANAG)

SUBJECT: MINIMUM STANDARDS FOR NAVAL LOW FREQUENCY (LF)

SHORE-TO-SHIP SURFACE BROADCAST SYSTEMS

Promulgated on 8 July 1999

A. GR0NHEIM
Major General, NOAF
Chairman, MAS

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 NATO UNCLASSIFIED

RECORD OF AMENDMENTS

No. Referenceldate of Date Signature

amendment entered

EXPLANATORY NOTES

AGREEMENT

1. This NATO Standardization Agreement (STANAG) is promulgated by the Chairman MAS

under the authority vested in him by the NATO Military Committee.

2. No departure may be made from the agreement without consultation with the tasking
authority. Nations may propose changes at any time to the tasking authority where they Will be
processed in the same manner as the original agreement.

3. Ratifying nations have agreed that national orders, manuals and instructions implementing
this STANAG Will include a reference to the STANAG number for purposes of identification.

DEFINITIONS

4. Ratification is “In NATO Standardization, the fulfilment by which a member nation formally
accepts, with or without reservation, the content of a Standardization Agreement” @AP-ô).

5. Implementation is “In NATO Standardization, the fulfilment by a member nation of its

obligations as specified in a Standardization Agreement” @AP-ô).

6. Reservation is “In NATO Standardization, the stated qualification by a member nation that
describes the part of a Standardization Agreement that it Will not implement or Will implement only
with limitations” @AP-ô).

RATIFICATION, IMPLEMENTATION AND RESERVATIONS

7. Page iii gives the details of ratification and implementation of this agreement. If no details
are shown it signifies that the nation has not yet notified the tasking authority of its intentions.
Page iv (and subsequent) gives details of reservations and proprietary rights that have been
stated.

FEEDBACK
a. Any comments concerning this publication should be directed to NATO/MAS -
Bvd Leopold III - 1110 Brussels - BE

ii
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 STANAG 5065
NATO UNCLASSIFIED
(Edition 1)
NATO STANDAFUIZATION AGFU2EMEh-T

Minimum Standards for Naval Low Frequency (LF) Sbore-to-Sbip Surface Broadcast Systems

ANNEXES

A. Terms and Definitions

B. Mimimum Standards for Naval LF Broadcast Transmitting (Shore Station) and Receiving
(Ship Station) Systems 3
C. Baseband Processing and Channelization
D. Baseband Description of MSK (for information only)

RELATED DOCUMENTS

STANAG 448 1 Minimum Technical Equipment Standards for Naval HF Shore-to-Ship Broadcast ..
Systems

STANAG 503 1 Minimum Standards for Naval HF, MF, and LF Shore-to-ship Broadcast Systems

ACP 167 Glossary of Communications-Electronics Terms

CCIR 329-6 Spurious Emissions part III. .

MTRODUCTlON

1. The aim of this agreement is to define the minimum technical stamdards required for Naval
shore-to-ship surface broadcast (shore transmitting and ship receiving) equipment that Will permit
interoperable communication using LF transmission and appropriate baseband
modulation/demodulation techniques.

2. Participating nations agee to introduce equipment for naval shore-to-ship broadcasts to meet
the minimum standards set out in the Annexes B and C, stating which of the basebandmodulation
techniques they Will adopt for transmission.

3. The STANAG is consideredto be implemented when a Nation*s Naval shore-to-ship

broadcastsmeet the minimum standardsset out in Annexes B and C and appropriate rcceiving
quipment has been installed in ships.

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ANNEXA to
STANAG 5065
(Edition 1)
TER.%%A??-DDEFlXITIOSS

Bandwidth, occupied

The width of a frequency band such that, below the lower and above the upper frequency limits, the
mean powers emitted are each equal to a specifïed percentage B/2 of the total mean power of a given
emission. Unless otherwise specified by the CCIR for the appropriate class of emission, the value of
B/2 should be taken to be 0.5 percent.

Bandwidth, necessary

For a given class of emission, the width of the frequency band which is just suffkient to ensure the ..
transmission of information at the rate and with the quality required under the specified conditions.

Broadcast

A method of transmitting messageswherein no acknowlegement for the message is required.

Carrier

An oscillator or wave, usually periodic, some characterstic of which is intended to be constrained by

modulation to follow the variations of a signal or of other oscillation.

Frequency, displag

The frequency indicated on the dia1settings of RF equipment.

Fibonacci bits

Deterministic unencrypted bits used by the KW-46 cryptographie equipment terovide

synchronization defined by the polynomia! y0 = x3i + x3 +l.

Law frequency (LF)

For the purposes of this STANAG, LF is defined to be the frequency band fiom 50 kHz to 160 kHz.

Mark

A condition of the modulated signal corresponding to a binary 1 (condition Z).

&dio teletype (R4TT)

The system of communication by teletypewriter over radio circuits. This tenn is used in this
STANAG to describe any synem which provides messagebasedcommunication using the ITA No. 2
alphabet.

Space

A condition of the modulated signal corresponding to a binary 0 (condition A).

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A-l
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ANNEXA to NATO UNCLASSIFIED

STANAG 5065
(Edition 1)
Telegraphy

A form of telecommunications which is concemed [sic] in any process providing transmission and
reproduction at a distance of documentary matter, such as written or printed matter or fïxed images or
the reproduction at a distance of any fmd of information in such a form. Unless otherwise stated,
telegraphy shall mean a form of telecommunicaiton for the transmission of w%tten matter by the use
of a signal code.

“d

Ratio of RMS to mean absolute value of atmospherïc noise in dB.

Wagner code

An error coding scheme that utilizes a single pariry bit per block of N information bits. This code is
intended to be decoded with a “soft decision” demodulation process: if a received codeword does not
pass the parity check, the least reliable bit is inverted. The size of the Wagner code word is
designated by a @+l, N) prefîx. .-

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A-2
 NATO UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX 6. to
STANAG 5065
(Edition 1)

hII?ZMUM STAh-DARDS FOR KAVAL LF SURFACE BROADCAST

‘IRX’S3IITTISG (SHORE STATIOh-) AhTD RECEl-VlXG (SHIP STATIOh? SYSTEMS

FREQUENCY RANGE

1. Designated ranges in the LF band from 50 kHz - 160 kHz. ,

2.(a) Transmitter and receiver equipment shall tune to integral multiples of 10 HZ, starting at 50
kHz.
.
(b) The frequency of the carrier shall be the reference frequency (0, = 2nfJ as designated in .
Annex C, paragraph 3.

FREQUEKCY TOLERLKCE

3.(a) The radio frequency carrier shall have an absolute accuracy of 10-‘. ?he accuracy means that
at any instant, the carrier shall be within 10-’ of the specified value. The radio fiequency carrier shall
have a stability of 10.’ or better over a period of one day.

(b) When FSK modulation is used, the frequency of the generated FSK tunes shall be within +/- 1
Hz of the fiequency specified in Annex C.

RF BMDWIDTH

4.(a) The transmitter system (transmitter, aerial tuning unit and aerial) shall have a minimum 3 dB
response bandwidth of 180 Hz at 50 kHz for 300 bps MSK operation. For use with 75 bps FSK, the 3
dB bandwidth of the transmitter system shall be a minimum of 150 Hz.

(b) The amplitude responseof the transmitter system including the antenna shall be linear +/- 1.O
dB over +/- 90 Hz centred on the carrier frequency.

5. Phase linearity. Deviation in phase response in the complete LF transmitter complex

(including the antenna) shall not exceed 13” fiom the linear over +/- 90 Hz about the reference
fiequency.

6. Phase stability. The phasejitter of all radio frequencies shall not be greatertban +/- 1.0 degree
in a 200 Hz bandwidth when averaged over one hundred 20 ms sample periods.

7. Spurious Emissions. Spurious emissions fiom the transmit@ shall be in accordance with
CCIR 329-6 Spurious Emissions part III.

EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS

8. Emission characterstics are shown in Table B-l. For FSK emissions, the occupied bandwidth
shall be within the limits established by the Radio Regulations of the ITU. For 300 bps MSK, the
occupied bandwidth is 360 Hz (measured).

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B-l
I

ANNEX 6 to
NATO UNCLASSIFIED
STANAG 5065
(Edition 1) Table B-l. Emission Characterktics
-
Description 1 Designation ( Occupied Bandwidth 1 Description
1

Cinal~ Channpl RATT 1 180HGlBCN 1 360 Hz 1 Minimum shift keving;

MSÏC (300 bps) telegraphy
Single Charme1RA’I? 177HJ2BBS 235 Hz Frequency modulation;
FSK (75 bps) telegraphy
I
MODULATIOX

9. LF transmitters shall proGide the emissions as given at Table B-l. LF receivers shah be
compatible with 300 bps MSK and 75 bps FSK as defïned in Annex C of this STANAG.

BASEBAN Ih-TERFACE CHARACTERISTICS c

10. If a baseband (audio) interface to an extemal demodulator is used, it shall have the followkig
characteristics:

(a). The baseband audio signal output shah be centred on 975 Hz.

(b) The variation in audio frequency output amplitude of the receiver over the range 80?)I-Iz to
1200 Hz shall be within +/- 1 dB of the response at 975 Hz.

(c) Differential Delay Distortion. The maximum differential envelope (group) delay distortion
over 80% of the band from 800 I-Iz to 1200 Hz must not vary by more than 0.5 ms.

RFXEWE SYSTEM PERFORMANCE REQUIREMEhTS

11. The minimum signal-to-noise performance of the receive system for a character errer rate of
10m3
(including KWR-46) shah be as specified in Table B-2.

Table B-2. Receive System Performance Requirements

1 Modulation I I I
(data rate) Required WR (dB)* Required ShX (dB)**
MSK (300 bps) - 7.0 + 5.0
FSK (75 bps) + 4.0 + 5.0

l
Noise is atmosphericwith vd = 10 dB measuredin 1000 Hz bandwidth.
*a Noise is Gaussianmeasuredin 1000 Hz bandwidth.

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B-2
 NATO UNCLASSIFIED

BASEBLhD PROCESSIXG AhD MODLZATION

1. LF transmit equipmcnt confonning to this STANAG may be used to transmit information at

300 bps using MSK modulation and the basebandprocessing described below; LF receive equipment
conforming to this standard will be able to receive 300 bps MSK and 75 bps uncoded FSK as
described below. The 75 bps FSK capability is required for bachard interoperability with cxisting
LF broadcast transmissions until’they are upgraded to the 300 bps MSK.

SIXGLE CHAPXEL USIXG FSK MODiJLATIOS

,
2. Single charme1R4TT employing 75 bps FSK (J2B) shall use wo sinusoids of different
fiequencies to distinguish between a MARK and a SPACE. The fiequency shifts shall be +/- 42.3 Hz
centrred about the carrier frequency. The Upper frequency shift shali represent a SPACE.

SlXGLE CHA?WEL USm’G MSK MODULATIOS

3. MSK is a fan-n of phase shift keying. This modulation technique Will allow transmission of
1.6 bits per Hz of radio frequency bandwidth as defïned at the 3 dB points. The transmitted signal
shall appear as a phase-continuous frequency-shift-keyed signal of constant amplitude. The
frequency shift shall be +/- 75 Hz and shall occur at the bit rate. This corresponds to a modulation
index (m) of 1/2. The intelligence (mark or space) is contained in the phase shifts a.ndis not
consistent with the frequency shifts. The intelligence shall be related to the phase shifts in the
foliou’ing manner. Two subchannels of binary data, b,(t) and b,(t), which are formed from altemate
bits from the input data sequenceb(t) as show-nin figure C-l, shall modulate the phase of two
sinusoidally weighted components of the reference signal in accordance with the following
expression:

u ,UTK cf> = A b, (r>Sh(a ,,r> COS(0 , l) + Ab, (/)COS(~ ,f) sin(o, I)

where

A is the constant amplitude of the MSK signal

61, is the angular frequency of the reference signal (carrier frequency), which must be an integral
multiple of 1/4 of the data rate - that is, o0 = mx150, with m an integer.

of is the angular fiequency of the sinusoidal weighting functions and is cqual to d2T

b,(t) and b,(t) shall each be at 1SObps (half the input data rate). Bit period boundaries for b,(t) shall
be at tbe rero crossings of cos(oft) and bit period boundaries for b,(t) shall be at zero crossings of
sin(o&).

T is equal to the bit period of the input binary data

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c- 1
. ANNEX C to
STANAG 5065
NATO UNCLASSIFIED
(Edition 1)

Figure C-l. Relationship of b,(f) and b,(t) to input bit sequence .

BASEBAND PROCESSI5G

The following basebandprocessing is defined for the LF broadcast &ng the ‘I-O-unit START-STOP
ITA No. 2 (Baudot) code as shown in Table C-l.

4. Encryption and decryptionshall be provided by KW-46 interoperablecryptographie

equipment. The equipment shall be operated in the 6.0 SteppedDigital mode.

5. In MSK mode, when provided with the encrypted data from the KWT-46 equipment, the LF
transmit site shall encode encrypted data into a (13,12) Wagner code described in section 8. Tbe
encrypted and encoded data shall then be applied to the MSK modulator as described in section 3.

6. The coding of the messageinput into the KW-46 equipment shall be coded in tbc 7.0 unit
START-STOP ITA No. 2 alphabet as shown in Table C-l.

7. Encryption by the KW1-46 equipment operating in the 6.0 SteppedDigital mode Will result in
bits 1 through 6 being encrypted and bit 7 (STOP) being replacedwith an unencryptedand
deterministic Fibonacci bit. This fonn is shown in Figure C-2 (b).

8. The encoding of charme1bits for LF transmission at 300 bps MSK shall inciude blocking the
information into two charactergroups, substituting a parity bit for every secondFibonacci bit to form
a (13,12) Wagner odd parity codeblock (odd number of 1s) over the information bits (Fibonacci bit
cxcludcd). Tbe resulting form is shown in Figure C-2 (c).

9. Pre-decryption processingof tbe received MSK signal includesperforming errer correction

(using the Wagner code) and replacing thc parity bit with the proper Fibonacci bit SOthat the signal
applied to the receiving KWR-46 equipment is in the same fonn as that generated by the transmit
KWT-46 equipment.

10. Dectyption by the KWR-46 equipment results in the clear text messagein 7.0 unit START-
STOP ITA No. 2 code as shown in Figure C-2. A block diagram of the overall conversion,
cncryption, and Wagner codecprocessesis also shown in Figure C-2.

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. c-2
,
ANNEX C to
NATO UNCLASSIFIED STANAG 5065
(Edition 1)

11. Baseband processing for 75 bps FSK operation shall not include Wagner encoding and
decoding.

(1)
C h!nmdufl 1 F+~I shh B
. . .
l l l 110 , 1111010 , , 111(1(1(0 , l~O(1~1 , 0 I~IlllO~Oll 0 I , I o(o(1 0

00

. .

Figure C-2. Baseband Processing and Modulation for 300 bps MSK Operation

Notes:
1. F = Fibonacci bit
2. W = Wagner parity check bit
3. Shading represents encrypted data
4. The bit sequence shoun at (c) is the input bit sequenceto tbe 300 bps MSK modulator

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c-3
ANNEX C to
STANAG 5065 NATO UNCLASSIFIED
(Edition 1)
Table C-l. 7.0 Unit START-STOP ITA No. 2

1 Bit h’umbers Letters case Figures case I

1 7654321 1 I
c
1000000 vo action] IN0
. action1 /
1000010
1000100 kinefeed] [Line3feed]
L
I 1000110 I A I -- I
_- _ I
t 1nn1onn
.------ Ikacel
L-T---J ISpW
1001010 S ’ [apostrophe] .
1001100 1 8
,I\T\Il,A
IUUIIIU 11 7
I
1010000 [Carriagl retum] [ Carriage retum]
1010010 D ww :
1010100 R 4
lniniin
.-.-.-- J [Audible
, . signal - bel11
1011000 il , (comma]
1011010 F [Unassigned]

1011110 K t
1100000 T 5
i innnin z +
I
*
w
H vnasfigned]
1 IUIUIU v1 A
1101100 c, 8
1101110 1
1110000 0 9
1110010 B ?
1110100 G PnasGgned]
1
1110110 [Figures] P‘igures]
-
1111000 M . (perio--l
dl

V
(Letters] [Leiers]

NO1tes
1. Transmission order is bit 1 first - bit 7 last.
2. Bit 1 is a START bit and shall be a 0 (space).
3. Bit 7 is a STOP bit and shall be a 1 (mark).
4. Explanatory or descriptive (non-printing) entries in the table are shown in [brackets).

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 NATO UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX D to
STANAG 5065
(Edition 1)
BASEB.4h-D DESCRIPTIO8 OF MSK
(for information only)

This Annex is provided to clarify implementation of LF receivers and MSK demodulators with
baseband interfaces (as described in Armex B, part 10 of this STANAG). ’

The MSK waveform bas been deccribed in Annex C as a fonn of phase shift keying, produced by
direct modulation of an RF carrier. The same wavefonn cari be described in a different way, which is
also interoperable. This annex Will describe MSK as an FSK waveform’ ; the FSK description Will
then be used to further explain the signal that is required at baseband interfaces to radio equipment(as
described in Armex B, part 10 of this STANAG). -.

The FSK description of the MSK wavefonn is:

= A W)+b,W
U,K t
() [ 2 1sin(o o + n)r + A [b.(f);b’(r)]sin(cOO -*)t .

where

2x 04.f
R=-=2x
4T,
fb = 300 bps; Tb = lljb

and b,@ and b,@ are shows in relation to the input bit stream b(t) in figure C-l. T~US,depending on
the value of bits b, and b, in each bit interval, the transmitted signal is at angular fiequency OH = (0,
+R)orol=(o,- f2) as in FSK and the amplitude is constant.

The two frequenciesfH = aH/2n andfr = oL/2x are chose” such that the two possible signais are
orthogonal over the bit inter-val Tb. This results in a subcarrier fiequencyj, that is an integral
multiple offd4, or 75 Hz.

For the baseband interface to LF radio equipment receiving the 300 bps MSK broadcaj,, ,fi andj,
shall be:

fH = 1050 H& fi- 900 Hz, andj, = 975 Hz.

This is equivalent to a sideband rcceiver with an chier offset 975 HZ from the occupied or assigned
frequency.

’ The figures, description, and discussion of MSK are from Taub and Schilling, “Principles of
Communication Systems”, 1986, McGraw Hill

NATO UNCLASSIFIED

D-l