Tacom Weld Code Steel

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Revisions
LTR
Description
Date (YY-MM-DD)
Approved
--A
Initial Release Direct ERR FOM U6466 Direct ERR FOM U8332 Incorporated ADCN 157519
01-12-07 03-04-30
T. A. Higgins T. A. Higgins
Acknowledgment
This code is based on commercial and military specifications; primarily ANSI/AWS B2.1, ANSI/AWS D1.1, MIL-STD 1941 and MIL-STD 1261. This document was prepared by a team from United Defense, L.P., Ground Systems Division (UDLP) and the U.S. Armys Tank-Automotive Armament Research, Development and Engineering Center (TARDEC).
Design Approval Drawn
Design Activity U.S. Army Tank-Automotive and Armaments Command

Warren, Michigan 48397-6000
TARDEC/UDLP Weld Team

Date Drawing Approval
Ground Combat Vehicle Welding Code Steel

Size Cage Code
Richard J. Rush
01/12/06
Tom Altobelli
19207
12479550
Status: RELEASED Date: 6/3/03
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IMPORTANT
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Preface
Introduction
This document follows the AWS format, and is based on current practice in the manufacture of ground combat vehicles. The section that normally would be included to establish design standards has been eliminated from this code. This follows the practice within this industry of having design performed by structural design engineers using the latest in finite element analysis. This code is divided into seven sections and five appendices. TR-E/MEPS. Consensus of the standing Weld Team is required for revisions to this code.
Specification Cross Reference

A table is included on page 4 to provide a crossreference between this code and military standards and specifications (active and cancelled).
TARDEC/UDLP Weld Team Charter Members

Michael W. Davis UDLP Steven W. Taylor UDLP Richard J. Rush UDLP David Berridge UDLP Marvin Kohn - UDLP Terry A. Higgins TARDEC Joe B. Regmont TARDEC Lucien A. Vita TACOM/ARDEC Claude Braafladt - UDLP
Revisions
This code and all revisions will be electronically maintained. Signed original copy of document located at AMSTA-TR-E/ART. Recommendations for change must be submitted in writing to U.S. Army Tank-Automotive and Armament Research, Development and Engineering Center (TARDEC), Attention AMSTA-
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Table P.1 Cross Reference Table

Topic Stud Welding Non Critical Welds Applicable References MIL-STD-1261, Classes 1, 2 and 3 AWS D1.1 Statically Loaded Welds MIL-STD-1261, Class 1 MIL-STD-248 Critical Welds MIL-STD-1261, Class 2 AWS D1.1 Cyclically Loaded Welds MIL-STD-1941, Attachments to Armor MIL-STD-1185, Attachments to Armor MIL-STD-1261, Class 3 MIL-STD-2219, classes A & B MIL-STD-248 Ballistic Welds MIL-STD-1941 MIL-W-46086 MIL-STD-1185
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface .................................................................................................................................................... 3 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 3 Revisions ................................................................................................................................................ 3 Specification Cross Reference ............................................................................................................. 3 TARDEC/UDLP Weld Team.................................................................................................................... 3 Charter Members .................................................................................................................................... 3 1 1.1 General Requirements............................................................................................................... 16 Scope .......................................................................................................................................... 16
Appendices .............................................................................................................................................................. 16 1.1.1 Application .................................................................................................................................................... 16 1.1.2 Limitations..................................................................................................................................................... 16
1.2 1.3
1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7
Approval...................................................................................................................................... 16 Definitions................................................................................................................................... 17
Welding Symbols.......................................................................................................................................... 17 Equipment Calibration .................................................................................................................................. 17 Safety Precautions ....................................................................................................................................... 17 Standard Units of Measurement................................................................................................................... 17
2 2.1 3 3.1 3.2
Design of Welded Connections ................................................................................................ 18 Intended Use............................................................................................................................... 18 Prequalification of WPSs........................................................................................................... 20 Scope .......................................................................................................................................... 20 Welding Processes .................................................................................................................... 20
3.2.1 Prequalified Processes................................................................................................................................. 20 3.2.2 Other Welding Processes............................................................................................................................. 20
3.3 3.4
Base Metal/Filler Metal Combinations...................................................................................... 20 Minimum Preheat and Interpass Temperature Requirements ............................................... 20
3.4.1 Base Metal/Thickness Combination ............................................................................................................. 20 3.4.2 Alternate SAW Preheat and Interpass Temperatures.................................................................................. 20 3.4.2.1 Hardness Requirements.......................................................................................................................... 23
3.5 3.6
Limitation of WPS Variables ..................................................................................................... 23 General WPS Requirements...................................................................................................... 23
3.5.1 Combination of WPSs .................................................................................................................................. 23 3.6.1 Vertical-Up Welding Requirements .............................................................................................................. 23 3.6.2 Width/Depth Pass Limitation ........................................................................................................................ 23
3.7 Common Requirements of Partial and Complete Joint Penetration Groove and Fillet Welds..................................................................................................................................................... 23
3.7.1 3.7.2 3.7.3 3.7.4 FCAW/GMAW in SMAW Joints .................................................................................................................... 23 Corner Joint Preparation .............................................................................................................................. 23 Root Openings.............................................................................................................................................. 23 Skewed T Joints ........................................................................................................................................... 23
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3.8
Partial Joint Penetration Requirements................................................................................... 26
3.8.1 Definition....................................................................................................................................................... 26 3.8.2 Details (Tubular) ........................................................................................................................................... 26
3.9
Complete Joint Penetration Groove Weld Requirements ...................................................... 26
3.9.1 J- and U-Groove Preparation ....................................................................................................................... 26 3.9.2 Tubular Butt Joints........................................................................................................................................ 26 3.9.3 Tubular T-, Y-, and K-Connections............................................................................................................... 26
4 4.0 4.1
Qualification ............................................................................................................................... 28 Scope .......................................................................................................................................... 28 General........................................................................................................................................ 28
4.1.1 Procedure Qualification Record (PQR) ........................................................................................................ 28 4.1.1.1 Impact Test Requirements ...................................................................................................................... 28 4.1.2 Welding Procedure Specification (WPS)...................................................................................................... 28 4.1.3 Qualification of Welding Procedures ............................................................................................................ 28 4.1.4 Qualification of Welders, Welding Operators, Tack Welders, and Robotic Applications ............................. 29
4.2
4.2.1 4.2.2 4.2.3 4.2.4 4.2.5
Common Requirements for WPS and Welding Personnel Performance Qualificatio ......... 29
Qualification Responsibility........................................................................................................................... 29 Qualification to Other Codes or Standards .................................................................................................. 29 Aging............................................................................................................................................................. 29 Records ........................................................................................................................................................ 29 Positions of Welds ........................................................................................................................................ 29
4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9
General........................................................................................................................................ 34 Qualification Thickness Limitations......................................................................................... 35 Qualification Position Limitations ............................................................................................ 38 Methods of Testing and Acceptance Criteria .......................................................................... 38 Special Test Weldment Acceptance Criteria ........................................................................... 38 Groove Test Weldments and Acceptance Criteria.................................................................. 38 Fillet Test Weldments and Acceptance Criteria ...................................................................... 41
4.10 Cladding Test Weldment and Acceptance Criteria ................................................................. 43 4.11 Hardfacing Test Weldment and Acceptance Criteria.............................................................. 44 4.12 Sheet Metal Weldments and Acceptance Criteria................................................................... 46 4.13 Welding Procedure Specification Data .................................................................................... 46
4.13.1 4.13.2 4.13.3 4.13.4 4.13.5 4.13.6 4.13.7 4.13.8 4.13.9 4.14.1 4.14.2 4.14.3 4.14.4 Joint Design ............................................................................................................................................. 47 Base Metal............................................................................................................................................... 47 Filler Metal ............................................................................................................................................... 47 Position .................................................................................................................................................... 47 Preheat and Interpass ............................................................................................................................. 47 Heat Treatment........................................................................................................................................ 47 Shielding Gas .......................................................................................................................................... 47 Electrical .................................................................................................................................................. 47 Variables (see 4.14.9) ............................................................................................................................. 47 Joint Design ............................................................................................................................................. 48 Base Metal............................................................................................................................................... 48 Filler Metals ............................................................................................................................................. 48 Position .................................................................................................................................................... 49
4.14 Procedure Qualification Variables............................................................................................ 48
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4.14.5 Preheat and Interpass Temperature ....................................................................................................... 49 4.14.6 Post Weld Heat Treatment ...................................................................................................................... 50 1) Omission or inclusion of PWHT........................................................................................................................... 50 4.14.7 Shielding Gas .......................................................................................................................................... 50 4.14.8 Electrical Characteristics ......................................................................................................................... 50
4.15 General........................................................................................................................................ 51 4.16 Testing ........................................................................................................................................ 51

4.16.4 Cladding........................................................................................................................................................ 53 4.16.5 Hardfacing .................................................................................................................................................... 54
4.17 Examination Procedures and Acceptance Criteria................................................................. 55

4.17.1 Visual Examination. ...................................................................................................................................... 55 4.17.1.1 Test Weldments....................................................................................................................................... 55 4.17.2 Radiographic Examination............................................................................................................................ 55 4.17.3 Bend Tests.................................................................................................................................................... 55 4.17.4 Fillet-Weld Bend-Break Tests....................................................................................................................... 56 4.17.5 Macro Examination....................................................................................................................................... 56
4.18 Performance Qualification Variables ....................................................................................... 57

4.18.1.1 Welders.................................................................................................................................................... 57 4.18.1.2 Welding Operator..................................................................................................................................... 57
5 5.1 5.2
Fabrication.................................................................................................................................. 64 Scope .......................................................................................................................................... 64 Base Metal .................................................................................................................................. 64
5.2.1 Specified Base Metal.................................................................................................................................... 64 5.2.2 Base Metal for Weld Tabs, Backing, and Spacers....................................................................................... 64 5.2.2.1 Weld Tabs................................................................................................................................................ 64 5.2.2.2 Backing .................................................................................................................................................... 64 5.2.2.3 Spacers.................................................................................................................................................... 64
5.3
Welding Consumables and Electrode Requirements............................................................. 64
5.3.1 General ......................................................................................................................................................... 64 5.3.1.1 Certification for Electrodes or Electrode-Flux Combinations................................................................... 64 5.3.1.2 Suitability of Classification ....................................................................................................................... 64 5.3.1.3 Shielding Gas .......................................................................................................................................... 64 5.3.1.4 Storage .................................................................................................................................................... 64 5.3.1.5 Electrode Condition ................................................................................................................................. 64 5.3.2 SMAW Electrodes ........................................................................................................................................ 64 5.3.2.1 SMAW Electrode Storage Conditions ..................................................................................................... 65 5.3.2.2 Approved Atmospheric Time Periods ...................................................................................................... 65 5.3.2.3 Rebaking Electrodes ............................................................................................................................... 65 5.3.2.4 Electrode Restrictions for ASTM A514 or A517 Steels ........................................................................... 65 5.3.3 SAW Electrodes and Fluxes......................................................................................................................... 65 5.3.3.1 Electrode-Flux Combination Requirements............................................................................................. 65 5.3.3.2 Condition of Flux...................................................................................................................................... 66 5.3.3.3 Flux Reclamation ..................................................................................................................................... 66 5.3.4 GMAW/FCAW Electrodes. ........................................................................................................................... 66 5.3.4.1 Low-Alloy Electrodes for GMAW ............................................................................................................. 66 5.3.4.2 Low-Alloy Electrodes for FCAW .............................................................................................................. 66 5.3.5 GTAW ........................................................................................................................................................... 66 5.5.5.1 Tungsten Electrodes................................................................................................................................ 66 5.3.5.2 Filler Metal ............................................................................................................................................... 66
5.4 5.5
WPS Variables ............................................................................................................................ 66 Preheat and Interpass Temperatures....................................................................................... 66
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5.6 5.7
Backing, Backing Gas, or Inserts ............................................................................................. 67 Backing ....................................................................................................................................... 67
5.7.1 Fusion. .......................................................................................................................................................... 67 5.7.2 Full Length Backing. ..................................................................................................................................... 67 5.7.3 Backing Thickness........................................................................................................................................ 67
5.8
Welding Environment ................................................................................................................ 67
5.8.1 Maximum Wind Velocity ............................................................................................................................... 67 5.8.2 Minimum Ambient Temperature ................................................................................................................... 67
5.9
Compliance with Design............................................................................................................ 67
5.10 Preparation of Base Metal ......................................................................................................... 67 5.11 Tack Welds ................................................................................................................................. 67

5.11.1 General Requirements for Tack Welds. ....................................................................................................... 67 5.11.2 Incorporated Tack Welds ............................................................................................................................. 67 5.11.2.1 Additional Requirements for Tack Welds Incorporated in SAW Welds................................................... 67 5.11.2.2 Unincorporated Tack Welds .................................................................................................................... 68
5.12 Control of Distortion and Shrinkage ........................................................................................ 68

5.12.1 5.12.2 5.12.3 5.12.4 Procedure and Sequence............................................................................................................................. 68 Sequencing................................................................................................................................................... 68 Minimized Restraint. ..................................................................................................................................... 68 Temperature Limitations............................................................................................................................... 68
5.13 Fillet Weld Assembly ................................................................................................................. 68 5.14 Technique for Plug and Slot Welds.......................................................................................... 68
5.14.1 Plug Welds.................................................................................................................................................... 68 5.14.1.1 Flat Position ............................................................................................................................................. 68 5.14.1.2 Vertical Position. ...................................................................................................................................... 68 5.14.1.3 Overhead Position ................................................................................................................................... 68 5.14.2 Slot Welds..................................................................................................................................................... 68
5.15 Rework/Repairs .......................................................................................................................... 68

5.15.2.1 5.15.2.2 5.15.2.3 5.15.2.4 Overlap or Excessive Convexity.............................................................................................................. 69 Excessive Concavity of Weld or Crater, Under-size Welds, Undercutting.............................................. 69 Excessive Weld Porosity or Incomplete Fusion ...................................................................................... 69 Cracks in Welds....................................................................................................................................... 69
5.16 Peening ....................................................................................................................................... 69

5.16.1 Tools ............................................................................................................................................................. 69
5.17 Caulking ...................................................................................................................................... 69 5.18 Arc Strikes .................................................................................................................................. 69 5.19 Weld Cleaning ............................................................................................................................ 69
5.19.1 In-Process Cleaning ..................................................................................................................................... 69 5.19.2 Cleaning of Completed Welds...................................................................................................................... 69
6 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4
Inspection ................................................................................................................................... 70 General........................................................................................................................................ 70 Inspection of Welding Procedure Specification and Equipment........................................... 70 Inspection of Welder, Welding Operator, and Tack Welder Qualifications .......................... 70 Inspection of Work and Records .............................................................................................. 71
6.1.3 Inspector Qualification .................................................................................................................................. 70
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6.5 6.6
Obligations of the Contractor ................................................................................................... 71 Nondestructive Testing ............................................................................................................. 71
6.6.1 Non-Critical Welds........................................................................................................................................ 71 6.6.2 Critical Welds................................................................................................................................................ 71 6.6.3 Ballistic Welds .............................................................................................................................................. 72 6.6.4 Procedures ................................................................................................................................................... 72 6.6.4.1 Radiographic Testing............................................................................................................................... 72 6.6.4.2 Radiation Imaging Systems..................................................................................................................... 72 6.6.4.3 Ultrasonic Testing. ................................................................................................................................... 72 6.6.4.4 Magnetic-Particle Testing. ....................................................................................................................... 72 6.6.4.5 Dye Penetrant Testing. ............................................................................................................................ 72 6.6.5 Personnel Qualification................................................................................................................................. 72
6.7 6.8 6.9
General........................................................................................................................................ 74 Extent of Testing ........................................................................................................................ 74 Radiographic Procedures ......................................................................................................... 74
6.9.10 Quality of Radiographs. ................................................................................................................................ 76 6.9.11 Density Limitations. ...................................................................................................................................... 76
6.10 Acceptability of Welds............................................................................................................... 77 6.11 Examination, Report, and Disposition of Radiographs.......................................................... 77 6.12 General........................................................................................................................................ 78
6.12.1 Visual ............................................................................................................................................................ 78 6.12.2 Liquid Penetrant and Magnetic-Particle ....................................................................................................... 78 6.12.3. Radiographic ................................................................................................................................................ 78 6.12.4 Ultrasonic...................................................................................................................................................... 78
7 7.1 7.2
7.2.1 7.2.2 7.2.3 7.2.4 7.2.5 7.2.6 7.2.7
Stud Welding .............................................................................................................................. 80 Scope .......................................................................................................................................... 80 Workmanship ............................................................................................................................. 80

Cleanliness ................................................................................................................................................... 80 Coating Restrictions ..................................................................................................................................... 80 Base-Metal Preparation................................................................................................................................ 80 Moisture. ....................................................................................................................................................... 80 Ferrule Condition .......................................................................................................................................... 80 Arc Shield Removal ...................................................................................................................................... 80 Acceptance Criteria ...................................................................................................................................... 80
7.3
Technique ................................................................................................................................... 80
7.3.1 Automatic Machine Welding ......................................................................................................................... 80 7.3.2 GTAW, GMAW, SMAW Fillet Weld Option. ................................................................................................. 80 7.3.2.1 Surfaces................................................................................................................................................... 80 7.3.2.2 Stud End .................................................................................................................................................. 80 7.3.2.3 Stud Fit (Fillet Welds) .............................................................................................................................. 80 7.3.2.4 Fillet Weld Minimum Size ........................................................................................................................ 81
7.4
Stud Application Qualification Requirements......................................................................... 81
7.4.1 Responsibilities for Tests.............................................................................................................................. 81 7.4.2 Preparation of Specimens ............................................................................................................................ 81 7.4.2.1 Test Specimens ....................................................................................................................................... 81 7.4.3 Number of Specimens .................................................................................................................................. 81 7.4.4 Test Required ............................................................................................................................................... 81 7.4.5 Test Methods ................................................................................................................................................ 81 7.4.5.1 Bend Test ................................................................................................................................................ 81
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7.4.5.2 Torque Test ............................................................................................................................................. 81 7.4.5.3 Tension Test. ........................................................................................................................................... 82 7.4.6 Qualification Test Data ................................................................................................................................. 82
7.5
Production Control .................................................................................................................... 82
7.5.1 Pre-Production Testing................................................................................................................................. 82 7.5.1.1 Start of Shift ............................................................................................................................................. 82 7.5.1.2 Production Member Option...................................................................................................................... 82 7.5.1.3 Flash Requirement .................................................................................................................................. 82 7.5.1.4 Bending/Torque Test ............................................................................................................................... 82 7.5.1.5 Event of Failure........................................................................................................................................ 82 7.5.2 Production Welding ...................................................................................................................................... 82 7.5.3 Repair of Studs ............................................................................................................................................. 82 7.5.4 Operator Qualification................................................................................................................................... 82 7.5.5 Removal Area Repair ................................................................................................................................... 83
APPENDICES ........................................................................................................................................ 84 Appendix A Code Approved Base Metals and Filler Metals Requiring Qualification per Section 4 ............................................................................................................................................... 86 Appendix B Welding of Armor Steel................................................................................................. 102 B1
B1.1 B1.2
INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................ 104
Application .................................................................................................................................................. 104 Base Metal.................................................................................................................................................. 104
B2
REFERENCED DOCUMENTS .................................................................................................. 104
B2.1 Issues of Documents .................................................................................................................................. 104 B2.1.1 Military Documents ..................................................................................................................................... 104 B2.1.2 Other Publications ...................................................................................................................................... 104 B2.1.2.1 American Society for Testing And Materials (ASTM) ............................................................................ 104 B2.1.2.2 American Welding Society (AWS) ......................................................................................................... 104 B2.1.2.3 American National Standards Institute (ANSI) ...................................................................................... 104
B3
REQUIREMENTS ...................................................................................................................... 105
B3.1 Weldments.................................................................................................................................................. 105 B3.2 Armor .......................................................................................................................................................... 105 B3.3 Preparation of Welding Procedures and Drawings .................................................................................... 105 B3.4 Welders or Welding Operator..................................................................................................................... 105 B3.4.1 Test Plate Requirements ....................................................................................................................... 105 B3.4.2 Test Plate Acceptance........................................................................................................................... 105 B3.5 Ballistic Requirements ................................................................................................................................ 105 B3.5.1 Heating of Weldments ........................................................................................................................... 105 B3.5.2 Welding Attachments to Armor.............................................................................................................. 105 B3.6 Ballistic Test Plates .................................................................................................................................... 105 B3.6.1 Submission ............................................................................................................................................ 105 B3.6.2 Macro Specimens .................................................................................................................................. 106 B3.7 Ballistic Testing Requirements ................................................................................................................... 106 B3.7.1 Test Plates............................................................................................................................................. 106 B3.7.2 Number of Test Plates ........................................................................................................................... 106 B3.7.3 Fabrication of Test Plates ...................................................................................................................... 106 B3.7.4 Ballistic Test Requirements ................................................................................................................... 110 B3.7.5 Ballistic Testing...................................................................................................................................... 110 B3.7.6 Test Method........................................................................................................................................... 110 B3.7.7 Evaluation of Test Results.......................................................................................................................... 111 B3.7.8 Visual Examination of Test Plates ......................................................................................................... 112 B3.7.9 Radiographic Inspection of the Test Plate............................................................................................. 112 B3.7.10 Repair of Test Plate ............................................................................................................................... 112
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B3.7.11 Rejection of Ballistic Test Plate ............................................................................................................. 112 B3.7.12 Retests................................................................................................................................................... 112 B3.8 Radiographic Procedure............................................................................................................................. 112 B3.8.1 Radiographic Drawings ......................................................................................................................... 112 B3.8.2 First Production Weldment .................................................................................................................... 113 B3.9 Inspection of Production Weldments.......................................................................................................... 113 B3.9.1 Visual Inspection....................................................................................................................................... 113 B3.9.2 Radiographic Inspection ............................................................................................................................. 113 B3.9.3 Alternative Testing ................................................................................................................................. 113 B3.9.4 Inspection of Weldments Subjected to Straightening............................................................................ 114 B3.9.5 Marking of Repairs to Weldments ......................................................................................................... 114 B3.9.6 Quality Control ....................................................................................................................................... 114
Appendix C Forms ............................................................................................................................. 116 Appendix D Illustrations Stud Weld Positions, Weld Test Specimens and Test Fixtures ...... 128 D1 D2
D2.1 D2.3 D2.4
Standard Stud Test Weldment Positions............................................................................... 130 Guided Bend Specimens......................................................................................................... 130
Preparation of Groove weld Specimens..................................................................................................... 130 Subsize Transverse Face and Root Bends................................................................................................ 130 Nonstandard Bend Specimens................................................................................................................... 130
D3 D4 D5
Tension Specimens ................................................................................................................. 130 Cladding and Hardfacing Specimens..................................................................................... 130 Test Fixtures............................................................................................................................. 130
Appendix E Prequalified Joint Preparations and Joint Details...................................................... 144
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 3.1 Weld Bead in which Depth and Width Exceed the Width of the Weld Face (see 3.6.2) ......... 26 Figure 4.1 Positions of Groove Welds (see 4.2.5) .................................................................................... 30 Figure 4.2 Positions of Fillet Welds (see 4.2.5) ........................................................................................ 31 Figure 4.3 Position of Test Plates for Groove Welds (see 4.2.5).............................................................. 32 Figure 4.4 Position of Test Plates for Fillet Welds (see 4.2.5) .................................................................. 32 Figure 4.5 Position of Test Plate for Groove Welds (see 4.2.5) ............................................................... 33 Figure 4.6 Position for Test Pipes for Fillet Welds (see 4.2.5).................................................................. 34 Figure 4.7 Tubular Butt Joint Welder or WPS Qualification without Backing (see Table 4.5)......... 39 Figure 4.8 Tubular Butt Joint Welder or WPS Qualification with Backing (see Table 4.5).............. 40 Figure 4.9 Location of Groove Weld Test Specimens Pipe and Tube (see 4.8.1)............................... 41 Figure 4.10 Location of Tension, Longitudinal Bend, and Toughness Specimens Sheet and Plate (see 4.8.1)............................................................................................................................................... 42 Figure 4.11 Location of Tension, Toughness, and Transverse Bend Specimens Plate and Sheet (see 4.8.1)....................................................................................................................................................... 43 Figure 4.12 Location of Fillet Weld Shear and Macroetch Test Specimens (see 4.9.4 and 4.9.6) .......... 44 Figure 4.13 Fillet Weld Bend-Break and Macroetch Test Specimens (see 4.9.4 and 4.9.5).................... 45 Figure 4.14 Location of Cladding Test Specimens (see 4.10.1)............................................................... 45 Figure 4.15 Location of Hardfacing Test Specimens (see 4.11.1)............................................................ 46 Figure 4.16 Location of 1G, 2G, 5G, and 6G Bend Specimens Pipe Groove Weldment (see 4.16.3) . 55 Figure 4.17 Location of Bend Specimens Combined Positions 2G and 5G (see 4.16.3) ................... 56 Figure 4.18 Location of Transverse Bend Specimens Plate Groove Weldment (see 4.16.3) ............. 57 Figure 4.19 Location of Longitudinal Bend Specimens Plate Groove Weldment (see 4.16.3) ............ 58 Figure 4.20 Location of Fillet Test Specimens Plate (see 4.16.3)........................................................ 59 Figure 4.21 Location of Fillet Test Specimens Alternate Weldment Plate (see 4.16.3) .................. 59 Figure 4.22 Location of Fillet Test Specimens Pipe (see 4.16.3)......................................................... 59 Figure 4.23 Location of Fillet Test Specimens Alternate Weld Pipe (see 4.16.3) ........................... 60 Figure 4.24 Location of Cladding Specimens Plate (see 4.16.3) ......................................................... 60 Figure 4.25 Location of Test Specimen Hardfacing Test Weldment Plate (see 4.16.3) ................. 61 Figure 6.1 Radiographic Identification and Penetrameter Locations on Approximately Equal Thickness Joints (see 6.9.7) .................................................................................................................................... 75 Figure 6.2 Radiographic Identification and Locations on Transitions Joints (see 6.9.7) .......................... 76 Figure 6.3 Penetrameter Design (see 6.9.7)............................................................................................. 77 Figure 7.1 Torque Testing Arrangement and Table of Testing Torques (see 7.4.5.2) ............................. 81 Figure B3.1 Specimen for Ballistic Armor Welder Qualification (see B3.4) ............................................ 105 Figure B3.2 Ballistic Test Plate (see B3.6.2 and B3.7.1) ........................................................................ 106 Figure B3.3 Examples of Weld Cracks That Can Occur From Projectile Impact, and Indication of Measurement of Total Weld Crack for Acceptance Purposes (See B3.7.5 and Table B3.2) .............. 107 Figure B3.4 Single Groove Welds (see B3.7.2) ...................................................................................... 108 Figure B3.5 Type 3 Ballistic Joint (see B3.7.2) ....................................................................................... 108 Figure B3.6 Type 4 Ballistic Joint (see B3.7.2) ....................................................................................... 108 Figure B3.7 Type 5 Ballistic Joint (see B3.7.2) ....................................................................................... 109 Figure B3.8 Type 6 Ballistic Joint (see B3.7.2) ....................................................................................... 109 Figure B3.9 Type 7 Ballistic Joint (see B3.7.2) ....................................................................................... 110 Figure B3.10 Type 10 Continuous Fillet Weld Ballistic Joint (see B3.7.2).............................................. 111 Figure D1.1 Welding Positions Stud Welds (see D1.1)...................................................................... 131 Figure D2.1 Transverse Face and Root Bend Specimens (see D2.1) ................................................... 132 Figure D2.2 Longitudinal Face and Root Bend Specimens (see D2.1) .................................................. 133 Figure D2.3 Transverse Side Bend Specimens (see D2.1).................................................................... 133 Figure D3.1 Reduced Section Tension Specimen Rectangular (see D3).......................................... 134 Figure D3.2 Reduced Section Tension Specimen Round (see D3)................................................... 135 Figure D3.3 Alternate Tension Specimen for Pipe 3 in. O.D. or Less (see D3) ..................................... 135 Figure D3.4 Alternate Tension Specimen for Pipe 2 in. O.D. or Less (see D3) ..................................... 136 Figure D4.1 Weld Cladding Side Bend Specimen (see D4) ................................................................... 137 Figure D4.2 Weld Cladding and Hardfacing Chemical Analysis Specimen (see D4)............................. 137
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Figure D5.1 Guided Bend Fixture Bottom Ejecting Type (see D5) .................................................... 138 Figure D5.2 Guided Bend Fixture Bottom Type (see D5) .................................................................. 139 Figure D5.3 Guided Bend Fixture Wrap Around (see D5) ................................................................. 140 Figure D5.4 Stud Weld Test Fixture (see D5) ......................................................................................... 141 Figure D5.5 Stud Weld Torque Fixture (see D5) .................................................................................... 141 Figure D5.6 Stud Weld Tension Test Fixture (see D5) ........................................................................... 142 Figure E.1 (Sheet 1) Prequalified Partial Joint Preparation (PJP) Groove Welded Joint Details (see 3.8) Top Single square-groove weld, butt joint Bottom Double square-groove weld, butt joint ......... 147 Figure E.1 (Sheet 2) Prequalified Partial Joint Preparation (PJP) Groove Welded Joint Details (see 3.8) Top Single V-groove weld, butt or corner joint Bottom Double V-groove weld, butt joint .......... 148 Figure E.1 (Sheet 3) Prequalified Partial Joint Preparation (PJP) Groove Welded Joint Details (see 3.8) Top Single-bevel-groove weld, butt, or T-, or corner joint Bottom Double bevel-groove weld, butt, or T-, or corner joint ...................................................................................................................... 149 Figure E.1 (Sheet 4) Prequalified Partial Joint Preparation (PJP) Groove Welded Joint Details (see 3.8) Top Single U-groove weld, butt or corner joint Bottom Double U-groove weld, butt joint.......... 150 Figure E.1 (Sheet 5) Prequalified Partial Joint Preparation (PJP) Groove Welded Joint Details (see 3.8) Single U-groove weld, butt, or T-, or corner joint.................................................................................. 151 Figure E.1 (Sheet 6) Prequalified Partial Joint Preparation (PJP) Groove Welded Joint Details (see 3.8) Double J-groove weld, butt, or T-, or corner joint ................................................................................. 152 Figure E.1 (Sheet 7) Prequalified Partial Joint Preparation (PJP) Groove Welded Joint Details (see 3.8) Flare bevel groove weld, butt or T- or corner joint................................................................................ 153 Figure E.2 (Sheet 1) Prequalified Complete Joint Preparation (CJP) Groove Welded Joint Details (see 3.9) Top Square-groove weld with backing, butt or corner joint Bottom Square-groove weld without backing, butt joint ..................................................................................................................... 154 Figure E.2 (Sheet 2) Prequalified Complete Joint Preparation (CJP) Groove Welded Joint Details (see 3.9) Top Square-groove weld, T- or corner joint Bottom Single-V-groove weld, butt joint ........ 155 Figure E.2 (Sheet 3) Prequalified Complete Joint Preparation (CJP) Groove Welded Joint Details (see 3.9) Top Single V-groove weld, corner joint Bottom Single-V-groove weld, butt joint ............... 156 Figure E.2 (Sheet 4) Prequalified Complete Joint Preparation (CJP) Groove Welded Joint Details (see 3.9) Top Single-V-groove weld, corner joint Bottom Double-V-groove weld, butt joint.............. 157 Figure E.2 (Sheet 5) Prequalified Complete Joint Preparation (CJP) Groove Welded Joint Details (see 3.9) Top Double -V -groove weld, butt joint Bottom Single-bevel-groove weld, butt joint.......... 158 Figure E.2 (Sheet 6) Prequalified Complete Joint Preparation (CJP) Groove Welded Joint Details (see 3.9) Top Single-bevel-groove weld, T- or corner joint Bottom Single-bevel-groove weld, butt joint ....................................................................................................................................................... 159 Figure E.2 (Sheet 7) Prequalified Complete Joint Preparation (CJP) Groove Welded Joint Details (see 3.9) Top Single-bevel-groove weld, T- or corner joint Bottom Double-bevel-groove weld, butt, or T-, or corner joint .................................................................................................................................. 160 Figure E.2 (Sheet 8) Prequalified Complete Joint Preparation (CJP) Groove Welded Joint Details (see 3.9) Top Double-bevel-groove weld, butt joint Bottom Double-bevel-groove weld, T-, or corner joint ....................................................................................................................................................... 161 Figure E.2 (Sheet 9) Prequalified Complete Joint Preparation (CJP) Groove Welded Joint Details (see 3.9) Top Single-U-groove weld, butt or corner joint Bottom Double-U-groove weld, butt joint .. 162 Figure E.2 (Sheet 10) Prequalified Complete Joint Preparation (CJP) Groove Welded Joint Details (see 3.9) Top Single-J-groove weld, butt joint Bottom Single-J-groove weld, T- or corner joint........ 163 Figure E.2 (Sheet 11) Prequalified Complete Joint Preparation (CJP) Groove Welded Joint Details (see 3.9) Top Double-J-groove weld, butt joint Bottom Double-J-groove weld, T- or corner joint..... 164
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LIST OF TABLES
Table P.1 Cross Reference Table ....................................................................................................................4 Table 3.1 ........................................................................................................................................................ 21 Table 3.2 ........................................................................................................................................................ 24 Table 3.3 Prequalified WPS Requirements5 (See 3.6) .................................................................................. 25 Table 4.1 Test Methods for Procedure Qualification (see 4.6)...................................................................... 36 Table 4.2 Thickness and Size Limitation for Fillet Welds for Procedure Qualification (see 4.4.1)................ 37 Table 4.3 Thickness Limitations of Plate, Sheet Metal, and Pipe for Groove Welds for Procedure Qualification (see 4.4.1).......................................................................................................................... 37 Table 4.4 Thickness Limitations for Cladding and Hardfacing for Procedure Qualification (see 4.4.1) ........ 38 Table 4.5 WPS Qualification Production Welding Positions Qualified by Plate and Pipe Tests (see 4.5.1)....................................................................................................................................................... 39 Table 4.6 Table 3.1 and Appendix A Steels Qualified by PQR Steels (see 4.3.8) ........................................ 52 Table 4.7 Examination Requirements for Performance Qualification (see 4.15.8) ....................................... 53 Table 4.8 Electrode Classification Groups (see 4.16.1) ................................................................................ 53 Table 4.9 Allowable Base Metals for Performance Qualification (See 4.18.1.1) ...................................... 53 Table 4.10 Welder Qualification1 Production Welding Positions Qualified by Plate and Tube Tests (see 4.16.2)..................................................................................................................................................... 54 Table 4.11 Pipe Diameter and Thickness Limitations for Performance Qualification on Groove Weld (see 4.18.1.1).................................................................................................................................................. 61 Table 4.12 Plate Groove Weld Qualification Thickness Limitations for Performance Qualification (see 4.18.1.1).................................................................................................................................................. 62 Table 4.13 Pipe Fillet Weld Qualification Limitations or Performance Qualification (see 4.18.1.1) .............. 62 Table 4.14 Sheet Metal Qualification Thickness Limitations for Performance Qualification (see 4.18.1.1).. 62 Table 5.1 Permissible Atmospheric Exposure of Low-Hydrogen Electrodes (see 5.3.2.2 and 5.3.2.3) ....... 65 Table 6.1 Visual Acceptance Criteria Matrix1,2,3 for all material thicknesses (see 6.6) ............................... 73 Table 6.2 Penetrameter Requirements (see 6.9.1) ....................................................................................... 75 Table B3.1 Thickness of Ballistic Test Plates (see B3.7.1) ......................................................................... 106 Table B3.2 Requirements for Ballistic Tests (see B3.7.6) ........................................................................... 107 Table B3.3 Severity Level Requirements for Full-Penetration Welds (see B3.7.9)..................................... 114 Table B3.4 Ultrasonic Acceptance-Rejection Criteria (see B3.9.3)............................................................. 115
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1
1.1 Scope
General Requirements
and group the base and filler material qualification requirements. Within the type/grade grouping, other materials not specifically listed, may also be used with this document with Engineering approval. Appendix B Welding of Armor Steel. This appendix contains the welding, testing, procedure qualification, and performance qualification requirements of armor steel. Appendix C Forms. This appendix contains applicable forms for procedure qualification, performance qualification, and armor welding data sheets. Appendix D Illustrations Weld Positions, Test Specimens and Test Fixtures. This appendix contains illustrations displaying dimensional information related to test specimens and fixtures. Appendix E Prequalified Joint Details and Joint Preparations. This appendix contains the Prequalified WPS limitations. 1.1.1 Application This code is intended to be used for the following: materials listed in Appendix A or other materials approved by Engineering as referenced in 1.1 Appendix A. steel materials qualified using procedures established in: ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code AWS Codes API Standards Canadian Welding Bureau codes Note: All procedures qualified using the above listed standards and codes require UDLP review and approval. welding of armor steel. Any special requirements specified in Appendix B, Welding of Armor Steel supersedes any conflicting requirements found elsewhere in this document. Limitations
This code contains welding requirements applicable to welding ground combat vehicles, other alloy structures and components. It is to be used in conjunction with appropriate complementary codes or specifications for materials design and construction. It is not intended to supplant codes developed for use in specialized fabrication, such as the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, aerospace codes, or military specifications; it is appropriate for use in fabrication of ballistic and non-ballistic primary structures, supporting structures and appurtenances. When conformance to the code is stipulated in contract documents, all provisions of this code shall be complied with, except for those provisions that contract documents specifically exempt. The following is a summary of the code sections and appendices: 1. General Requirements This section contains basic information on the scope and limitations of the code. 2. Design of Welded Connections This section has been omitted. Responsibility for this section resides with the design agency. 3. Prequalification This section contains the requirements for exempting a non-armor Welding Procedure Specification (WPS) from the qualification requirements of this code. 4. Qualification This section contains the qualification requirements for non-armor WPSs and welding personnel (welders, welding operators and tack welders). 5. Fabrication This section contains the requirements for the preparation, assembly and workmanship of welded steel structures. 6. Inspection This section contains criteria for the qualifications and responsibilities of inspectors, acceptance criteria for production welds, and standard procedures for performing visual inspection and NDT (nondestructive testing) 7. Stud Welding This section contains the requirement for the welding of studs. Appendices Appendix A Code-Approved Base Materials. This appendix contains tables that cross-reference
1.1.2
This code is not intended to be used for pressure vessels or pressure piping.
1.2
Approval
All reference to a need for approval by the procuring activity or customer shall mean approval by the
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Government, or the duly designated person who acts for and on behalf of the Government in all matters within the scope of this code. In addition, where contractor approvals shall be required, the term contractor shall refer to the prime contractor
program shall consist of, as a minimum, an annual comparison check of the machine output with instrumentation calibrated using standards traceable to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The standard may be a load bank, voltmeter/ammeter, clamp-on meter, etc. Machine output for amperage and voltage must be within 10% of full scale. Proper documentation and evidence of the implementation must be maintained and is subject to random audit. Location for calibration shall be as follows: GMAW/SAW/FCAW At wire feeder GTAW/SMAW At power supply All other processes As close as practical to the welding process
1.3
Definitions
The welding terms used in this code shall be interpreted in accordance with the definitions given in the latest edition of ANSI/AWS A3.0, Standard Welding Terms and Definitions. Modified PQR A PQR that has been developed from existing procedures qualified in accordance with a military standard or specification and grandfathered into an AWS PQR format. Modified WPS A WPS that has been created from a modified PQR(s) developed from an existing workmanship sample in accordance with a military standard or specification. Skewed T-Joint T-joint with a dihedral angle equal to or greater than 60 degrees. All T-joints less than 60 degrees shall be considered to be groove welds.
1.6
Safety Precautions
Safety precautions shall conform to the latest edition of ANSI Z49.1, Safety in Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes, published by the American Welding Society. Note: This code may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. The code does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user to establish appropriate safety and health practices. The user should determine the applicability of any regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4
Welding Symbols
Welding symbols shall be those shown in the latest edition of ANSI/AWS A2.4, Symbols for Welding, Brazing, and Nondestructive Examination. Special conditions shall be fully explained by added notes or details.
1.7
Standard Units of Measurement
1.5
Equipment Calibration
The manufacturer is required to develop and maintain a welding equipment calibration program. This
Values in this code will normally be stated in U.S. customary units.
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2
2.1 Intended Use
Design of Welded Connections
This document does not address the design of welded connections. The responsibility for the design and designation of weld criticality is a function of the appropriate design agency.
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3
3.1 Scope
Prequalification of WPSs
in essential variables outside the range so established shall require requalification.
Prequalification of WPSs (Welding Procedure Specifications) shall be defined as exemption from the WPS qualification testing required in section 4. All prequalified WPSs shall be documented using the form found in Appendix C or an alternate form provided the same variables are addressed. In order for a WPS to be prequalified, conformance with all of the applicable provisions of section 3 shall be required. WPSs that do not conform to the requirements of section 3 may be qualified by tests in conformance with section 4. The use of a prequalified joint shall not exempt the contractor from using sound engineering judgment in determining the suitability of application of these joints to a welded assembly or connection. Welders, welding operators and tack welders that use prequalified WPSs shall be qualified in conformance with section 4, Part C or those codes/standards listed in 1.1.1.
3.3
Base Metal/Filler Metal Combinations
Only base metals and filler metals listed in Table 3.1 and Appendix A Table M1 (Group 1,2,3) may be used in prequalified WPSs. Reference engineering drawings to determine the filler metal strength requirements to match or undermatch base metal strength.
3.4
Minimum Preheat and Interpass Temperature Requirements
3.2
3.2.1
Welding Processes
Prequalified Processes
The preheat and interpass temperature shall be sufficient to prevent cracking. Table 3.2 shall be used to determine the minimum preheat and interpass temperatures. For all materials not listed in Table 3.2, preheat and interpass temperatures shall be established on a PQR and documented on a WPS. Preheat and interpass temperature limitations for armor steels are indicated in Appendix B. 3.4.1 Base Metal/Thickness Combination The minimum preheat or interpass temperature applied to a joint composed of base metals with different minimum preheats from Table 3.2 (based on category and thickness) shall be the highest of these temperatures. 3.4.2 Alternate SAW Preheat and Interpass Temperatures
Shielded metal arc welding (SMAW), submerged arc welding (SAW), gas metal arc welding (GMAW) (except GMAW-S, short circuiting transfer and GMAW-P, pulse mode), and flux cored arc welding (FCAW) WPSs which conform to all of the provisions of section 3 shall be deemed as prequalified and are therefore approved for use without performing WPS qualification tests for the process. 3.2.2 Other Welding Processes. Other welding processes not covered by 3.2.1 may be used, provided the WPSs are qualified by applicable tests as prescribed in section 4. In conjunction with the tests, the WPSs and limitation of essential variables applicable to the specific welding process shall be established by the contractor developing the WPS. The range of essential variables shall be based on documented evidence of experience with the process but may not exceed the limits specified in section 4. Any change
Preheat and interpass temperatures for parallel or multiple electrode SAW shall be selected in conformance with Table 3.2. For single-pass groove and fillet welds or combinations of base metals, preheat/interpass temperatures may be established which are sufficient to reduce the hardness in the heat-affected zones of the base metal to less than 215 Brinell hardness number for steel having a minimum specified tensile strength not exceeding 60,000 psi, and 265 Brinell hardness number for steel having a minimum specified tensile strength greater than 60 000, but not exceeding 70,000 psi.
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Table 3.1 Prequalified Base Metal-Filler Metal Combinations for Matching Strength (see 3.3)
G r o u p Steel Specification Requirements Min.Yield Point/ Strength Steel Specification1,2 ksi ASTM A364 36 ASTM A53 Grade B 35 ASTM A106 Grade B 35 34 ASTM A131 Grades A, B, CS, D, DS, E ASTM A139 Grade B 35 ASTM A381 Grade Y35 35 ASTM A500 Grade A 33 Grade B 42 ASTM A501 36 ASTM A516 Grade 55 30 Grade 60 32 ASTM A524 Grade I 35 Grade II 30 ASTM A529 42 ASTM A570 Grade 30 30 Grade 33 33 Grade 36 36 Grade 40 40 Grade 45 45 Grade 50 50 ASTM A573 Grade 65 35 Grade 58 32 ASTM A709 Grade 364 36 API 5L Grade B 35 Grade X42 42 ABS Grades A, B, D, CS, DS Grade E5 46 ASTM A131 Grades AH32, DH32, EH32 51 Grades AH36, DH36, EH36 ASTM A441 40-50 ASTM A516 Grade 65 35 Grade 70 38 ASTM A537 Class 1 45-50 ASTM A572 Grade 42 42 ASTM A572 Grade 50 50 ASTM A5885 (4 in. and 50 under) ASTM A595 Grade A 55 Grades B 60 and C Tensile Range ksi 58-80 60 min 60 min 58-71 60 min 60 min 45 min 58 min 58 min 55-75 60-80 60-85 55-80 60-85 49 min 52 min 53 min 55 min 60 min 65 min 65-77 58-71 58-80 60 60 58-71 58-71 68-85 71-90 60-70 65-85 70-90 65-90 60 min 65 min 70 min 65 min 70 min Filler Metal Requirements Min. Yield Point/ Electrode Strength Specification3,6 ksi SMAW AWS A5.1 or A5.57 E60XX E70XX E70XX-X SAW AWS A5.17 or A5.237 F6XX-EXXX F7XX-EXXX or F7XX-EXX-XX GMAW AWS A5.18 ER70S-X 50 60 57 62 min 72 min 70 min Tensile Strength Range ksi
48 58
60-80 70-95
60
72 min
FCAW AWS A5.20 E6XT-X E7XT-X 60 (Except -2, -3, -10, -GS) AWS A5.297 E7XTX-XX SMAW AWS A5.1 or A5.57 E7015, E7016 E7018, E7028 E7015-X, E7016-X E7018-X SAW AWS A5.17 or A5.237 F7XX-EXXX or F7XXEXX-XX
50 60
62 min 72 min
58
70-90
60 57
72 min 70 min
II
58
70-95
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Table 3.1 (continued) Prequalified Base Metal-Filler Metal Combinations for Matching Strength (see 3.3)
G r o u p Steel Specification Requirements Min.Yield Point/ Strength Steel Specification1,2 ksi ASTM A6065 45-50 ASTM A607 ASTM A618 ASTM A633 Grade 45 Grade 50 Grade 55 Grades Ib. II, III Grade A Grades C, D (2-1/2 in. and under) Grade 50 Grade 50W Grade A, Class 2 > 2 in. (2-1/2 in. and under) Grade 42 Grade 50 Grade X52 Grades AH32, DH32, EH32 Grades AH36, DH36, EH36 45 50 55 46-50 42 50 50 50 55 42 42 50 52 45.5 51 Tensile Range ksi 65 min 60 min 65 min 70 min 65 min 63-83 70-90 65 min 70 min 65 min 60 min 62-80 70 min 66-72 71-90 71-90 SMAW AWS A5.57 E8015-X, E8016-X E8018-X SAW ASTM A572 III ASTM A537 ASTM A633 ASTM A710 ASTM A710 Grade 60 Grade 65 Class 25 Grade E5 Grade A, Class 2 2 in. Grade A, Class 3 > 2 in. 60 65 46-60 55-60 60-65 60-65 75 min 80 min 80-100 75-100 72 min 70 min AWS A5.237 F8XX-EXX-XX GMAW AWS A5.287 ER80S-X FCAW AWS A5.297 E8XTX-X Filler Metal Requirements Min. Yield Tensile Strength Point/ Electrode Strength Range Specification3,6 ksi ksi GMAW AWS A5.18 ER70S-X
60
72 min
FCAW AWS A5.20 E7XT-X (Except -2, -3, - 10, GS) AWS A5.297 E7XTX-X 60 72 min
ASTM A709 II ASTM A710 ASTM A808 API 2H6 API 5L ABS
58
70-90
67
80 min
68
80-100
68 68
80 min 80-100
Notes:
1. In joints involving base metals of different groups, either of the following filler metals may be used: (1) that which match the higher strength base metal, or (2) that which matches the lower strength base metal and produces a low-hydrogen deposit. Preheating shall be in conformance with the requirements applicable to the higher strength group. Match API standard 2B (fabricated tubes) according to steel used When welds are to be stress-relieved, the deposited weld metal shall not exceed 0.05 percent vanadium. Only low-hydrogen electrodes shall be used when welding A36 or A709 Grade 36 steel more than 1 in. thick Special welding materials and WPS e.g., E80XX-X low-alloy electrodes) may be required to match the notch toughness of base metal (for applications involving impact loading or low temperature), or for atmospheric corrosion and weathering characteristics. The designation of ER70S-1B has been reclassified as ER80S-D2 in A5.28-79. Prequalified WPSs prepared prior to 1981 and specifying AWS A5. 18, ER70S-1B, may now use AWS A5.28-79 ER80S-D2 when welding steels in Groups I and II. Filler metals of alloy group B3, B3L, B4, B4L, B5, B5L, B6, B6L, B7, B7L, B8, B8L, or B9 in ANSI/AWS A5.5, A5.23, A5.28, or A5.29 are not prequalified for use in the as-welded condition
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. .
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Note: The Brinell hardness number shall be determined in conformance with ASTM E10. If another method of hardness is to be used, the equivalent hardness number shall be determined from ASTM E140, and testing shall be performed according to the applicable ASTM specification. 3.4.2.1 Hardness Requirements Hardness determination of the heat-affected zone will be made on the following: Initial macroetch cross sections of a sample test specimen. The surface of the member during the progress of the work. The surface shall be ground prior to hardness testing: (a) The frequency of such heat-affected zone testing shall be at least one test area per weldment of the thicker metal involved in a joint of each 50 ft. of groove welds or pair of fillet welds. (b) These hardness determinations may be discontinued after the procedure has been established to the satisfaction of the contractor.
3.6.1 Vertical-Up Welding Requirements The progression for all passes in vertical position welding shall be upward, except that undercut may be repaired vertically downwards when preheat is in accordance with Table 3.2, but not lower than 70F. However, when tubular products are welded, the progression of vertical welding may be upwards or downwards, but only in the direction(s) for which the welder is qualified. 3.6.2 Width/Depth Pass Limitation Neither the depth nor the maximum width in the cross section of weld metal deposited in each weld pass shall exceed the width at the surface of the weld pass (see Figure 3.1).
3.7
Common Requirements of Partial and Complete Joint Penetration Groove and Fillet Welds
FCAW/GMAW in SMAW Joints
3.7.1
Groove preparations detailed for prequalified SMAW joints may be used for prequalified GMAW or FCAW. 3.7.2 Corner Joint Preparation For corner joints, the outside groove preparation may be in either or both members, provided the basic groove configuration is not changed and adequate edge distance is maintained to support the welding operations without excessive melting. 3.7.3 Root Openings Joint root openings without backing may vary as noted in Appendix E, however, for automatic or machine welding using FCAW, GMAW, and SAW processes, the maximum root opening variation (minimum to maximum opening as fit-up) may not exceed 1/4 in. Variations greater than 1/4 in. shall be locally corrected prior to automatic or machine welding. 3.7.4 Skewed T Joints For skewed T joints, the dihedral angle must be 60 or greater. For joints with dihedral angles less than 60, qualification is required per Section 4.
3.5
Limitation of WPS Variables
All prequalified WPSs to be used shall be prepared by the manufacturer, fabricator, or contractor as written prequalified WPSs, and shall be available to those authorized to use or examine them. The written WPS may follow any convenient format (see Appendix C for examples). The welding parameters set forth in this subsection shall be specified on the written WPSs within the limitation of variables prescribed in 4.14 for each applicable process. Changes beyond those specified on the written WPS considered essential variables, shall require a new or revised prequalified written WPS. 3.5.1 Combination of WPSs A combination of qualified and prequalified WPSs may be used without qualification of the combination, provided the limitation of essential variables applicable to each WPS is observed.
3.6
General WPS Requirements
All the requirements of Table 3.3 shall be met for prequalified WPSs.
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Table 3.2 Prequalified Minimum Preheat and Interpass Temperature3 (See 3.4)
Thickness of Thickest Part at Point of Welding, in 1/8 to 3/4 incl. Over 3/4 thru 1-1/2 incl. Over 1-1/2 thru 2-1/2 incl. Minimum Preheat and Interpass Temperature, F 1 None 150 Category
ASTM A36 ASTM A53 ASTM A106 ASTM A131 A ASTM A139 ASTM A381 ASTM A500 ASTM A501 ASTM A36 ASTM A53 ASTM A106 ASTM A 131
Steel Specification ASTM A516 Grade B ASTM A524 Grade B ASTM A529 Grades A, B, ASTM A570 CS, D, DS, E ASTM A573 Grade B ASTM A709 Grade Y35 Grade A Grade B API 5L ABS ASTM A570 ASTM A572 ASTM A573 ASTM A588 ASTM A595 ASTM A606 ASTM A607 ASTM A618 ASTM A633 ASTM A709 ASTM A808 API 5L Grade A Grade B Grades 55 & 60 65 & 70 Grades I & II Classes 1 & 2 Grades 60 & 65 Grade E Grade X52 API Spec. 2H ABS
Welding Process Grades I & II All grades Grade 65 Grade 36 Grade B Grade X42 Grades A, B, D, CS, DS Grade E All grades Grades 42, 50 Grade 65 Grades A, B, C Grades 45, 50, 55 Grades Ib, II,III Grades A, B Grades C, D Grades 36, 50, 50W Grade B Grade X42 Grades 42, 50 Grades AH 32 & 36 DH 32 & 36 EH 32 & 36 Grades A. B, D, CS, DS Grade E Shielded metal arc welding with other than lowhydrogen electrodes
225
Over 2-1/2
300
Grade B Grade B Grades A, B, CS, D, DS, E AH 32 & 36 DH 32 & 36 EH 32 & 36 Grade B Grade Y35
1/8 to 3/4 incl.
None
ASTM A139 ASTM A381 B ASTM A441 ASTM A500 ASTM A501 ASTM A516 ASTM A524 ASTM A529 ASTM A537 ASTM A572 ASTM A633 API 5L
Shielded metal arc welding with low-hydrogen electrodes, submerged arc 2 welding , gas metal arc welding, flux cored arc welding
Over 3/4 thru 1-1/2 incl
50
Over 1-1/2 thru 2-1/2 incl.
150
ABS
Over 2-1/2 Shielded metal arc welding with low-hydrogen electrodes, submerged arc 2 welding , gas metal arc welding, flux cored arc welding 1/8 to 3/4 incl. Over 3/4 thru 1-1/2 incl. Over 1-1/2 thru 2-1/2 incl Over 2-1/2
225 50 150
225 300
Notes: I . When the base metal temperature is below 32F, the base metal shall be preheated to at least 70F and this minimum temperature maintained during welding. 2. For modification of preheat requirements for submerged arc welding with parallel or multiple electrodes, see 3.4.2. 3. See 5.8.2 and 5.5 for ambient and base-metal temperature requirements.
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Table 3.3 Prequalified WPS Requirements5 (See 3.6)

Variable Position Flat Maximum Electrode Diameter Horizontal Vertical Overhead All Weld Type Fillet (Note 1) Groove (Note 1) Root Pass Fillet Groove All All Fillet Groove weld root pass with opening Groove weld root pass without opening Groove weld fill passes Groove weld cap pass All SMAW 5/16 in. 1/4 in 3/16 in. 1/4 in. 3/16 in. 3/16 in. (Note 2) 3/16 in. (Note 2) Single SAW3 Parallel 1/4 in. 1/4 in. Requires WPS Qualification Test Multiple GMAW/ FCAW6 1/8 in. 1/8 in. 3/32 in 5/64 in. 1000 A Within the range of recommended operation by the filler metal manufacturer 1200 A 700 A 600 A Unlimited 900 A 1200 A Unlimited 3/8 in. 5/16 in. 1/2 in. 5/16 in. 3/16 in. 3/8 in. Fillet 5/16 in. 1/2 in. 5/16 in. Split layers if w>5/8 in. Split layers with tandem electrodes if w > 5/8 in. If w >1in., split layers 5/16 in. 1/4 in. Unlimited 3/8 in. 5/16 in. 1/2 in. 5/16 in. 1/4 in. 1/2 in. 1/2 in. 3/8 in. 1/2 in. 5/16 in. Within the range of recommended operation by the filler metal manufacturer
Maximum Current
All
Maximum Root Pass Thickness (Note 3) Maximum Fill Pass Thickness Maximum Single Pass Fillet Weld Size
Flat Horizontal Vertical Overhead All Flat Horizontal Vertical Overhead All (for GMAW/ FCAW/ SMAW) F&H (for SAW)
All
Unlimited Unlimited 5/16 in.
Maximum Single Pass Layer Width
All
Note 4
Note 4
Notes: (1) Except root passes (2) 5/32 in. for EXX14 and low-hydrogen electrodes. (3) See 3.6.2 for width-to-depth limitations. (4) In the F, H, or OH positions for nontubulars, split layers when the layer width w > 5/8 in. In the vertical position for nontubulars or the 5G or 6G for tubulars, split layers when the width w > 1 in. (5) Shaded areas indicate nonapplicability. (6) GMAW-S in not prequalified
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these can be applied and meet all of the joint dimension limitations as specified in Appendix E (Figure E.1, Sheets 1-7). (2) PJP T-, Y-, and K-tubular connections, welded by any process must be qualified in accordance with section 4.
WIDTH OF FACE
3.9
Complete Joint Penetration Groove Weld Requirements
DEPTH
Complete joint penetration groove welds which may be used without performing the WPS qualification test prescribed in section 4 are subject to all joint detail limitations specified in Appendix E (Figure E.2, Sheets 1-11). 3.9.1 J- and U-Groove Preparation J- and U-grooves and the other side of partially welded double-V and double-bevel grooves may be prepared before or after assembly. After backgouging, the other side of partially welded double-V or double-bevel joints should resemble a prequalified U- or J-joint configuration at the joint root. 3.9.2 Tubular Butt Joints For tubular groove welds to be given prequalified status, the following conditions shall apply: Prequalified WPSs. Where welding from both sides or welding from one side with backing is possible, any WPS and groove detail that is appropriately prequalified in conformance with section 3 may be used, except that SAW is only prequalified for diameters greater than or equal to 24 in. Welded joint details shall be in conformance with section 3. Nonprequalified Joint Detail. There are no prequalified joint details for complete joint penetration groove welds in butt joints made from one side without backing. See 4.12.2. Tubular T-, Y-, and K-Connections
Figure 3.1 Weld Bead in which Depth and Width Exceed the Width of the Weld Face (see 3.6.2) 3.8 Partial Joint Penetration Requirements
Partial joint penetration groove welds which may be used without performing the WPS qualification tests prescribed in section 4 are subject to all joint detail limitations specified in Appendix E (Figure E.1, Sheets 1-7). 3.8.1 Definition. Except as provided in 3.9.2 and Appendix E (Figure E.2, Sheet 1, B-L1-S), groove welds without backing, welded from one side or groove welds welded from both sides, but without backgouging, are considered partial joint penetration groove welds. 3.8.2 Details (Tubular) Details for partial joint penetration tubular groove welds that are accorded prequalified status shall conform to the following provisions: (1) PJP tubular groove welds, other than T-, Y-, and K-connections, may be used without performing the WPS qualification tests, when
3.9.3
CJP T-, Y-, and K-tubular connections, welded by any process must be qualified in accordance with section 4.
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4
4.0 Scope
Qualification
(5) Impart knowledge of the procedures to be used to the welders, welding operators, and tack welders 4.1.1 Procedure Qualification Record (PQR) Except for prequalified and ballistic WPSs, all procedures shall be qualified through a documented PQR in accordance with Part B. All ballistic procedures must be qualified per Appendix B shall be submitted for approval by the procuring activity. 4.1.1.1 Impact Test Requirements When required by contract drawings or specifications, impact tests shall be included in the PQR. The impact tests, requirements, and procedures shall be in conformance with the provisions of this code, or as specified in the contract documents. 4.1.2 Welding Procedure Specification (WPS) All WPSs qualified under the provisions of this section shall be documented using the form found in Appendix C or alternate form based on the codes/standards referenced in 1.1.1 provided the same variables are addressed. 4.1.3 Qualification of Welding Procedures 4.1.3.1 Only procedures qualified in accordance with Part B of this section shall be recognized as approved procedures. 4.1.3.2 Procedures qualified to specifications other than this code shall be documented by sufficient test data to satisfy the requirements of Part B of this section. These procedures must be reviewed and approved by the contractor. 4.1.3.3 The procuring activity should accept properly documented evidence of previous qualification of the joint welding procedures to be employed, unless a new procedure qualification is required by the contract documents. The modified WPS and PQR forms shall be used when the previously qualified procedures do not meet all of the requirements of Part B.
The requirements for qualification testing of welding procedure specifications (WPSs) and welding personnel are described as follows: Part A General Requirements. This part covers both welding procedure and performance general requirements. Part B Procedure Qualification. This part covers the specific requirements for qualification of nonarmor Welding Procedure Specifications (WPSs) through the development of Procedure Qualification Records (PQR). The requirements for qualification of armor WPSs are specified in Appendix B. Part C Performance Qualification. This part covers the specific testing requirements for nonarmor performance qualification required by the code to determine a welder's, welding operator's or tack welder's ability to produce sound welds. Armor performance qualification requirements are specified in Appendix B.
Part A General Requirements 4.1 General
The qualification requirements of this code are to assure that the procedures used in production meet a recognized standard. To accomplish this objective, each contractor or manufacturer shall do the following: (1) Prepare a written preliminary WPS in accordance with Part B. (2) Qualify the welding parameters described by the preliminary WPS in accordance with Part B of this section using materials, equipment, cleaning and preparation methods, welding conditions, etc. that are developed. The actual test parameters used must be documented in the PQR. (3) Qualify the welders, welding operators, and tack welders in accordance with Part C of this section prior to performing any production work. (4) Maintain records of each of the above items on forms such as or similar to those shown in Appendix C.
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4.1.4
Qualification of Welders, Welding Operators, Tack Welders, and Robotic Applications
4.2.2
Qualification to Other Codes or Standards
4.1.4.1 Welders, welding operators, and tack welders to be employed on work under this code shall have been qualified in accordance with the provisions of Part C of this section. 4.1.4.2 A robotic system using a qualified WPS must have the basic program(s) validated prior to production as specified in 4.15.7.1. Minor modifications may be performed by a qualified operator without further validation. 4.1.4.3 Properly documented evidence of previous qualification performed in accordance with Part C of this section, or equivalent may be accepted with the contractors approval.
Qualifications which were performed to and met the requirements of earlier editions of AWS, ASME, CWB, API or equivalent, while those editions were in effect, are valid and may be used. It is not acceptable to use an earlier edition for new qualifications. Procedures must be approved by the prime contractor. 4.2.3 Aging When permitted by the filler metal specification applicable to weld metal being tested, fully welded qualification test specimens may be aged at 200F to 220F for 48 2 hours. 4.2.4 Records Each contractor or manufacturer shall maintain a record of all welding procedure and performance qualifications of welders, welding operators, tack welders and robotic programs. These records shall be made available to those authorized to examine them. 4.2.5 Positions of Welds All welds shall be classified as flat (F), horizontal (H), vertical (V) and overhead (OH), in accordance with the tabulation shown in Figures 4.1 and 4.2. Test assembly positions are shown in: Figure 4.3 (groove welds in plate) Figure 4.4 (fillet welds in plate) Figure 4.5 (groove welds in pipe or tubing) Figure 4.6 (fillet welds in pipe or tubing)
4.2
Common Requirements for WPS and Welding Personnel Performance Qualification

Qualification Responsibility
4.2.1
Except as permitted in 4.1.3.2, 4.1.3.3 and 4.2.2, each contractor or manufacturer shall conduct the tests required by this code to qualify the welding procedures and the welders, welding operators, and tack welders. Weld procedures and welders qualified for any contract, at any prime contractors site shall be considered qualified for all their sites. WPSs qualified by the prime contractor may be supplied and used by their approved subcontractors. Prime contractors are responsible for the performance of their subcontractors.
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Position Flat Horizontal Overhead Vertical
Tabulation of positions of groove welds Diagram Reference Inclination of axis Rotation of face A 0 to 15 150 to 210 B 0 to 15 80 to 150 210 to 280 C 0 to 80 0 to 80 280 to 360 D 15 to 80 80 to 280 E 80 to 90 0 to 360
Notes 1. The horizontal reference plane is always taken to lie below the weld under consideration. 2. The inclination of axis is measured from the horizontal reference plane toward the vertical reference plane. 3. The angle of rotation of the face is determined by a line perpendicular to the theoretical face of the weld, which passes through the axis of the weld. The reference position (0) of rotation of the face invariably points in the direction opposite to that in which the axis angle increases. When looking at point P, the angle of rotation of the face of the weld is measured in a clockwise direction from the reference point (0).
Figure 4.1 Positions of Groove Welds (see 4.2.5)
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Position Flat Horizontal Overhead Vertical
Tabulation of positions of fillet welds Diagram Reference Inclination of axis Rotation of face A 0 to 15 150 to 210 B 0 to 15 80 to 150 210 to 235 C 0 to 80 0 to 125 235 to 360 D 15 to 80 125 to 235 E 80 to 90 0 to 360
Figure 4.2 Positions of Fillet Welds (see 4.2.5)
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Figure 4.3 Position of Test Plates for Groove Welds (see 4.2.5)
THROAT OF WELD VERTICAL
AXIS OF WELD HORIZONTAL
AXIS OF WELD HORIZONTAL
Note: One plate must be horizontal
(A) TEST POSITION 1F (FLAT) AXIS OF WELD VERTICAL AXIS OF WELD HORIZONTAL
(B) TEST POSITION 2F (HORIZONTAL)
Note: One plate must be horizontal
(C) TEST POSITION 3F (VERTICAL)
(D) TEST POSITION 4F (OVERHEAD)
Figure 4.4 Position of Test Plates for Fillet Welds (see 4.2.5)
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15
PIPE HORIZONTAL AND ROTATED WELD FLAT ( 15). DEPOSIT FILLER METAL AT OR NEAR THE TOP
(A) TEST POSITION 1G ROTATED
PIPE OR TUBE VERTICAL AND NOT ROTATED DURING WELDING. WELD HORIZONTAL ( 15).
15
(B) TEST POSITION 2G
15
15
15
PIPE OR TUBE HORIZONTAL FIXED ( 15) AND NOT ROTATED DURING WELDING WELD FLAT, VERTICAL OR OVERHEAD
(C) TEST POSITION 5G

RESTRICTION RING
TEST WELD 45 5
45 5
PIPE INCLINATION FIXED (45 5) AND NOT ROTATED DURING WELDING
(D) TEST POSITION 6G
(E) TEST POSITION 6GR (T-, Y-, OR K-CONNECTION
Figure 4.5 Position of Test Plate for Groove Welds (see 4.2.5)
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Figure 4.6 Position for Test Pipes for Fillet Welds (see 4.2.5)
4.3.4 A WPS may require the support of more than one PQR, while one PQR may support a number of WPSs. A WPS shall specify a range or a single value for each welding variable applicable to the welding process identified in 4.13, Welding Procedure Specification Data and 4.14 Procedure Qualification Variables. 4.3.5 Except as permitted in 4.2.1, a WPS qualified by one contractor is not transferable to another contractor 4.3.6 Special test weldments may be used for procedure qualification, and shall be submitted by the prime contractor and approved by the procuring activity. 4.3.7 This code recognizes two types of special test weldments: (1) Simulated Service Test Weldments These are test weldments in which qualification requires tests simulating service conditions. Tests may include toughness, flexural, static or cyclic loading to simulate the type of loading
Part B Procedure Qualification 4.3 General
4.3.1 The qualification variables used in making a procedure qualification test weld are listed in 4.13. 4.3.2 Mechanical test specimen information shown in Appendix D shall be used for testing. The test results shall be recorded on or appended to a PQR containing the actual qualification variables. 4.3.3 If the results meet the acceptance criteria specified, the contractor shall sign and date the PQR indicating that the PQR is an accurate record of the welding and testing of the procedure qualification test weldment. The contractor may then prepare and issue an approved WPS. The contractor shall sign and date the WPS to signify acceptance of responsibility for use of the WPS in production.
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that the weldment will encounter in service. Proof tests such as hydrostatic or leak tests may also be appropriate. (2) Prototype Structure Test Weldments These are test weldments in which a prototype of the actual weldment is subjected to field tests in which it is loaded and demonstrated to perform the function for which it was designed.
themselves as well as to each other using the variables qualified. 4.3.11 When fracture toughness is a requirement and a qualified procedure exists that satisfies all requirements except fracture toughness, it is necessary only to prepare an additional test weldment with sufficient material to provide the required fracture toughness specimens. The test plate shall be welded using that procedure, plus those variables applicable to fracture toughness. A new or revised PQR shall be prepared and the WPS shall then be revised or a new WPS issued to accommodate the qualification variables for fracture toughness applications listed in 4.14 Procedure Qualification Variables. 4.3.12 Cladding and hardfacing require separate qualification for each base metal Mnumber, and filler metal combination. Welds made to join clad metals to other clad metals or to unclad metals shall be separately qualified or may be qualified by a combination of a PQR for joining an unclad metal and a PQR for applying the cladding. 4.3.13 During the welding of procedure qualification weldments, welders and welding operators shall be under the full control of the contractor. Only activities 1, 5, 6 and 7 listed below may be subcontracted by the employer. (1) Preparation of test materials for welding (2) Instruction of the welder or welding operator on use of the welding procedure (3) Performance of welding (4) Recording of actual qualification variables used in the test (see 4.14) (5) Preparation of test specimens from the completed weldment (6) Performance of examinations and tests (7) Documenting of test results (8) Certification of the final PQR
4.3.8 Base metals are grouped for qualification purposes on the basis of weldability, similar mechanical properties, chemical composition, and metallurgical compatibility. Such groups are assigned M-numbers in Appendix A of this specification. Base metals listed in Table 3.1 that are subject to WPS qualification testing shall qualify other base metal groups in accordance with Table 4.6. Base metals not listed in Table 3.1 or Appendix A shall be qualified in accordance with this section and approved by the contractor. 4.3.9 For the welding of dissimilar base metals, a procedure qualification shall be made for each combination of M-numbers to be joined. If the WPS for welding the combination of base metals specifies the same qualification variables, including electrode or filler metal, as both WPSs for welding each base metal to itself, such that the base metal is the only change, then the WPS for welding the combination of base metals is also qualified. In addition, when base metals of two different Mnumbers are qualified using a single test weldment, that test weldment qualifies the welding of those two M-numbers to themselves as well as to each other using the variables qualified. 4.3.10 If the referencing document requires fracture toughness testing of the base metal, then procedure qualification shall be made for each combination of M-number and group number to be joined. A procedure qualification shall be made for each M-number and group number combination of base metals, even though procedure qualification tests have been made for each of the two base metals welded to itself. If the welding procedure specification (WPS) for welding the combination of base metals specifies the same qualification variables, including electrode or filler metal, as both WPSs for welding each base metal to itself, such that the base metal is the only change, then the WPS for welding the combination of base metals is also qualified. In addition, when base metals of two different M-numbers and group numbers combinations are qualified using a single test weldment, that test weldment qualifies the welding of those two M-numbers and group numbers to
4.4
Qualification Thickness Limitations
4.4.1 Limitations on the thickness ranges qualified by procedure qualification tests are given in the following tables: Table 4.2 Thickness and Size Limitations for Fillet Welds for Procedure Qualification. Table 4.3 Thickness Limitations of Plate and Pipe for Groove Welds for Procedure Qualification.
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Table 4.1 Test Methods for Procedure Qualification (see 4.6)

Groove Welds Fillet Welds Bend-Break Test Yes Yes 10 Yes 4
3
Stud Welds Alternate Shear Test Yes Yes 10 Yes 7 Note 2 Yes, or torque 5 Yes* Yes 6 Yes, or tension 5
Weld Cladding
Hard Facing
Visual examination Guided bend tests Tension tests *Macroexamination Bend tests Torque tests Fracture toughness test Shear tests Penetrant examination Chemical analysis Hardness test
Yes Yes 1,3 Yes
Note 2 Yes 8 Yes

8
Note 2 Note 2 Note 2 Note 2 Yes 9
Note 1 Note 2,3
Yes 8
*Except that unclad, unpainted M-1 materials are exempt. Notes: 1. The use of a macro examination in lieu of bend tests shall be permitted only if the material is such that the specimen cannot be bent within the dimensional limitations stated in Note 1 of Figure D5.1, D5.2, and D5.3 in Appendix D and when the criteria for outer fiber elongation and the alternate bend radii provided in Appendix D dealing with Test Fixtures have been demonstrated by calculation using the formula provided. 2. If specified in referencing document. 3. Quantity and type of specimens are shown in Figure 4.9, Figure 4.10 and Figure 4.11. 4. Quantity and type of specimens are shown in Figure 4.12. 5. Requirements are found in 7.4.5.2, 7.4.5.3 and Figure 7.1. 6. Requirements are found in 7.4.5.1. 7. Quantity and type of specimens are shown in Figure 4.12. 8. Requirements are found in 4.10. 9. Requirements are found in 4.11. 10. Requirements are found in 4.9.4.
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Table 4.2 Thickness and Size Limitation for Fillet Welds for Procedure Qualification (see 4.4.1)
Thickness and Size Range Qualified Fillet Test Weldment Single Pass Multiple Pass
Notes: a. b. c. d. e. For OFW, the maximum base metal thickness qualified is the thickness of the test weldment. For GMAWshort-curcuiting transfer, the maximum base metal thickness qualified is the test weldment thickness. For fracture toughness applications less than 5/8 in thick, the base metal thickness of the test weldment is the minimum base metal thickness qualified. For M-11 steels, the fillet size qualified shall be equal to or less than the fillet size used in the test. If a test weldment receives a postweld heat treatment exceeding the lower transformation temperature, the maximum base metal thickness qualified is the base metal thickness of the test weldment.
Base metal Thickness Unlimited Unllimited
a,b,c,d,e
Fillet Size (leg)d Maximum welded single-pass fillet size and smaller 1/2 of that welded during qualification to unlimited
Table 4.3 Thickness Limitations of Plate, Sheet Metal, and Pipe for Groove Welds for Procedure Qualification (see 4.4.1)
Test Weldment a,b,c,d,f Thickness (T) (in.) Base Metal Thickness Qualifiedd,e(in.) Minimum 1/2T 1/8 3/16 3/16 Maximum 4T (not to exceed 1/4) 2T 2T Unlimited Deposit Weld Metal Thickness Qualified (t)d(in.) Maximum 4t 2t 2t Unlimited
1/8 (Sheet metal)

1/8< T <3/4 3/4 T < 1 1 T <6
Notes: a.
Provided that the weld penetration can be measured - EBW and LBW qualified thickness range shall be 1.2T for test weldments 1 in. and under in thickness and 1.1 T for weldments over 1 in. thick. If weld penetration cannot be measured the qualified thickness ranges are 1.1T and 1.05T respectively. When the groove is filled using a combination of welding processes: The test weldment thickness T is applicable for the base metal and shall be determined from the Base Metal Thickness Qualified column. The thickness t of the weld metal for each welding process shall be determined from the Deposited Weld Metal Thickness column. Each welding process qualified in this combination manner may be used separately only within the same qualification variables and the thickness limits For OFW, the maximum base metal thickness qualified is the thickness of the test weldment, and the maximum weld metal thickness qualified is the thickness of the weld metal deposited in the test weldment. For GMAW short-circuit transfer, the maximum base metal thickness qualified is the test weldment thickness, and the maximum weld metal thickness qualified is the weld-metal thickness deposited in the test weldment. For fracture toughness applications less than 5/8 in. thick, the base metal thickness of the test weldment is the minimum base metal thickness qualified. If a test weldment receives a postweld heat treatment exceeding the lower transformation temperature, the maximum base metal thickness qualified is the base metal thickness of the test weldment, and the maximum weld metal thickness qualified is the weld metal of the test weldment. T = The thickness of the Test Weldment Base Metal t = The thickness of the Weld Deposit, excluding reinforcement.
b.
c. d. e. f.
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Table 4.4 Thickness Limitations for Cladding and Hardfacing for Procedure Qualification (see 4.4.1)
Test Weldment Thickness (T) (in.) Less than 1 1 and over Qualified Base Metal Thickness (in.) Minimum Maximum T 1 in. 2T Unlimited
4.5
Qualification Position Limitations
4.5.1 The production welding positions qualified by a WPS shall conform to the requirements of Table 4.5.
4.6
Methods of Testing and Acceptance Criteria
Note: The minimum weld metal thickness qualified for cladding and hadfacing is one layer if the test weldment has only one layer, and is two layers if the test weldment has two or more layers. The number of layers applies individually to each filler metal classification.
Test weldments shall be subjected to the applicable tests in Table 4.1. The type, number, location, and evaluation criteria for tests shall be as specified in 4.7 through 4.12.
4.7
Table 4.4 Thickness Limitations for Cladding and Hardfacing for Procedure Qualification.
Special Test Weldment Acceptance Criteria
4.4.2 The limitations in the tables above are based upon the following criteria: (1) the size and number of passes of a fillet weld (2) the base metal and weld metal thicknesses for groove welds; (3) the base metal thickness for weld cladding and hardfacing, or; (4) the base metal thickness for sheet metals.
4.7.1 Special test weldments allowed by 4.3.6, shall be tested as specified by the procuring activity. When a test in Table 4.1 is specified, the acceptance criteria shall be as required in this code. Criteria for any additional testing shall be specified by the procuring activity.
4.8
Groove Test Weldments and Acceptance Criteria
4.4.3 Complete penetration groove welds shall also qualify partial penetration groove welds, within the qualification limits given in Table 4.3, and fillet welds in all thicknesses and diameters. 4.4.4 In addition to the welding data required to be included in the WPS by 4.13 Welding Procedure Specification Data, when multi process or multiple filler metal classifications are used in a single test weldment, the thickness ranges permitted for use in the WPS shall apply separately to each welding process and filler metal classification. The weld deposit thickness for each welding process and each filler metal classification used in the qualification test shall be recorded on the PQR. 4.4.5 In addition to the procedure qualification variables required to be recorded on the PQR by 4.14 Procedure Qualification Variables, the weld deposit thickness for each welding process and each filler metal classification used in the qualification test shall be recorded on the PQR for all applications.
4.8.1 Groove test weldments shall be large enough to provide the necessary test specimens. Multiple test weldments may be necessary to provide all the required specimens. The pipe and tube test weldment is illustrated in Figure 4.9. Plate and sheet test weldments are illustrated in Figures 4.10 and 4.11. The thickness of a test weldment shall be determined as provided in Tables 4.2 through 4.4. For metals less than 1/8 in., see 4.12 for acceptance criteria. 4.8.2 Test weldments for EBW and LBW shall have a joint geometry duplicating that to be used in production. 4.8.3 Prior to removing specimen blanks from the completed test weldment, the weld shall be visually examined on all accessible surfaces and shall meet the following criteria: (1) There shall be no evidence of cracks, incomplete fusion, or incomplete joint penetration.
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Table 4.5 WPS Qualification Production Welding Positions Qualified by Plate and Pipe Tests (see 4.5.1)
Qualification Test Weld Type CJP Groove1 Positions 1G2 2G2 3G2 4G2 1F 2F 3F 4F 1G Rotated 2G 5G (2G + 5G) 6G 6GR 1F Rotated 2F 2F Rotated 4F 5F Production Plate Welding Qualified Groove Groove Fillet7 CJP PJP F, F, F, F, H, F, H, F, H, V, V, V, OH OH OH F, F, H, V, OH F F, H F, V, OH All All All4 F F, H F, V, OH All All All F F, H F, V, OH All All All F F, H F, H F, H, OH All Production Pipe Welding Qualified Butt-Groove CJP PJP F, F, F, H, F, H, V, V, OH OH T-, Y-, K-Groove CJP PJP Fillet7 F, F, H, V, OH F, F, H, V, OH F F, H F, V, OH All6 All6 All F F, H F, V, OH All All All F F, H F, H F, H, OH All
P L A T E
Fillet1 Plug/ Slot
Qualifies Plug/Slot Welding for Only the Positions Tested F3 (F, H)3 (F, V, OH)3 All3 All3 All4 F F, H F, V, OH All All All
T U B U L A R
CJP Groove
All5 All5
Fillet
CJP Complete Joint Penetration PJP Partial Joint Penetration (R) Restriction Notes: 1. Qualifies for welding axis with an essentially straight line, including welding along a line parallel to the axis of circular pipe. 2. Qualifies for circumferential welds in pipes equal to or greater than 24 in. nominal outer diameter. 3. Production butt joint details without backing or backgouging require qualification testing of the joint details shown in Figures 4.7 and 4.8. 4. Limited to prequalified joint details. See Appendix E. 5. For production joints of CJP T-, Y-, and K-connections that conform to ANSI/AWS D1.1 requirements 6. For production joints of PJP T-, Y-, and K-connections that conform to ANSI/AWS D1.1 requirements 7. Fillet welds in production T-, Y-, and K-connections that conform to ANSI/AWS D1.1 requirements.
= PRODUCTION GROOVE ANGLE (60 RECOMMENDED) 60
T 1/8 in. MAX 1/8 MAX 1/8 in. MAX
T 1/8 MAX
(A) FOR WELDER QUALIFICATION NOTE: T = QUALIFICATION PIPE OR BOX TUBE WALL THICKNESS
(B) WPS QUALIFICATION
Figure 4.7 Tubular Butt Joint Welder or WPS Qualification without Backing (see Table 4.5)
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= PRODUCTION GROOVE ANGLE (60 RECOMMENDED 60
T PRODUCTION JOINT ROOT OPENING (A) WELDER QUALIFICATION NOTE = QUALIFICATION PIPE OR BOX TUBE WALL THICKNESS
T PRODUCTION JOINT ROOT OPENING (B) WPS QUALIFICATION
Figure 4.8 Tubular Butt Joint Welder or WPS Qualification with Backing (see Table 4.5)
(2) The depth of undercut shall not exceed the lesser of 10 percent of the base metal thickness or 1/32 in. (3) Porosity shall not exceed the limitations specified in the Visual Acceptance Criteria Matrix (Table 6.1). For transverse specimens, the weld metal and heataffected zone shall be completely within the bent portion of the specimen after bending. There shall be no open discontinuity exceeding 1/8 in., measured in any direction on the convex surface of the specimen after bending. The sum of discontinuities exceeding 1/32 in. shall not exceed 3/8 in. Cracks occurring on the corners of the specimen during bending that do not exceed 1/4 in. shall not be considered, unless there is definite evidence that they result from weld discontinuities. 4.8.6.1 When material combinations differ markedly in mechanical bending properties, as between two base materials or between the weld metal and the base metal, longitudinal bend tests (face and root) may be used in lieu of the transverse face and root bend tests. Tension tests may be substituted if neither bend test option is possible. The weld shall meet or exceed the yield strength of the lower strength material or that specified on the drawing. The welded test specimens shall be prepared by cutting the test plate as shown in Figure 4.9. The test specimens for the longitudinal bend test shall be prepared for testing as shown in Appendix D. 4.8.7 For fracture toughness testing, the type of test, number of specimens, and acceptance criteria shall be in accordance with the contract document. The procedures and apparatus shall conform to the requirements of ANSI/AWS B4.0, Standard Methods for Mechanical Testing of Welds. Specimen blanks shall be removed from test weldments in accordance with Figures 4.9, 4.10, and 4.11 as applicable.
4.8.4 After visual examination, the test weldment shall be evaluated using the tests required in Table 4.1. The number and location of specimen blanks to be removed are shown in Figure 4.9 for pipe, and Figure 4.10 or 4.11 for plate and sheet respectively. The preparation and dimensions of specimen blanks shall be as provided in Appendix D of this specification. 4.8.5 Each tensile test specimen shall have a tensile strength not less than the following: (1) the specified minimum tensile strength of the base metal, or of the weaker of the two base metals if metals of different minimum tensile strength are used, or (2) the specified minimum tensile strength of the weld metal when the referencing document provides for the use of weld metal having a lower tensile strength than the base metal, or (3) if the specimen breaks in the base metal outside of the weld or weld interface, the test shall be accepted, provided the strength is not more than 5% below the specified minimum tensile strength of the base metal, or (4) if the base metal has no specified minimum tensile strength then failure in the base metal shall be acceptable. 4.8.6 Bend specimens shall be bent in one of the guided bend test fixtures shown in Appendix D.
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TOP OF PIPE FOR 5G/6G 10 10
TOUGHNESS SPECIMEN IF REQUIRED ROOT BEND TOUGHNESS SPECIMEN IF REQUIRED
45-60
REDUCED SECTION TENSILE FACE BEND
TOUGHNESS SPECIMEN IF REQUIRED
TOUGHNESS SPECIMEN IF REQUIRED
FACE BEND REDUCED SECTION TENSILE

Notes: 1. 2. 3. 4.
ROOT BEND
Toughness specimens, when required shall be removed from the indicated sections. Metal up to and including 3/8 in. require 2 root and 2 face bend specimens. For metal over 3/8 in. thick, 4 side bend specimens shall be used. For all metal thicknesses, two reduced section specimens are required Dimensions for the specimen blanks and details of bend tests are shown in Appendix D. Material thickness shall be determined from the requirements provided in Table 4.3.
Figure 4.9 Location of Groove Weld Test Specimens Pipe and Tube (see 4.8.1) 4.9 Fillet Test Weldments and Acceptance Criteria
4.9.2 Fillet test weldment dimensions and test specimens are detailed in Figures 4.12 or 4.13 as appropriate. 4.9.3 Prior to removing specimen blanks for testing, the completed test weld shall be visually examined and meet the following criteria: (1) There shall be no cracks or incomplete fusion.
Fillet welds may be qualified by either macroetch tests (4.9.4), fillet weld bend-break tests (4.9.5), or fillet weld shear tests (4.9.6). 4.9.1 Qualification of groove welds qualifies for fillet welds but not vice versa.
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TOUGHNESS SPECIMEN IF REQUIRED MIN. DISCARD DISCARD DISCARD DISCARD MIN. DISCARD
DI SC AR D
DISCARD PIECE
DISCARD DISCARD FACE BEND SPECIMEN REDUCED SECTION TENSION SPECIMEN ROOT BEND SPECIMEN FACE BEND SPECIMEN REDUCED SECTION TENSION SPECIMEN ROOT BEND SPECIMEN
7 MIN.
PIE CE
DISCARD
7 MIN.
LL DIMENSIONS IN INCHES
Notes: 1. Material thickness shall be determined in accordance with Table 4.3. 2. Dimensions for the specimen blanks and details of bend tests are given in Appendix D. 3. A longer test plate will be required if toughness specimens are necessary. Toughness specimens should be located near the midlength of the plate. 4. This test requires 2 root bends, 2 face bends, and 2 reduced section tension specimens. 5. Make allowances for cutting.
ALL DIMENSIONS ARE APPROXIMATE UNLESS A TOLERANCE IS GIVEN
Figure 4.10 Location of Tension, Longitudinal Bend, and Toughness Specimens Sheet and Plate (see 4.8.1)
(2) Undercut depth shall not exceed the lesser of 10 percent of the base metal thickness or 1/32 in. (3) Profile shall be in accordance with Table 6.1. specimens are shown in Figure 4.13. Specimens shall be bent with the weld root in tension until the specimen either fractures or until it is bent flat upon itself. The specimen shall be accepted if it does not fracture or if the fillet fractures, the fractured surface shall exhibit no cracks or incomplete root fusion and no inclusion or porosity in the fracture surface exceeding 3/32 in. in its greatest dimension. The sum of the greatest dimension of all inclusions and porosity shall not exceed 3/8 in. in the specimen length. 4.9.6 Fillet Shear Test Unless otherwise stated in the contract document, the fillet shear strength shall be not less than 60 percent of the lower of the minimum
4.9.4 Macroetch Test Specimen If this method is selected, 3 macroetch specimens are required (Figure 4.12 or Figure 4.13). There shall be no cracks, incomplete joint penetration, or incomplete fusion in the macro cross section. 4.9.5 Fillet-Weld Bend-Break Test If both single and multiple pass welds are to be qualified, one procedure qualification specimen shall be welded with the maximum size single pass to be used, and a second shall be welded with the minimum size multiple pass to be used. The test
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REDUCED SECTION TENSION SPECIMEN SIDE OR ROOT BEND SPECIMEN SIDE OR FACE BEND SPECIMEN SIDE OR ROOT BEND SPECIMEN SIDE OR FACE BEND SPECIMEN REDUCED SECTION TENSION SPECIMEN DISCARD PIECE
TOUGHNESS SPECIMENS IF REQUIRED
DISCARD PIECE MIN
7 MIN
7 MIN ALL DIMENSIONS IN INCHES MIN

Notes: 1 Material thickness shall be determined in accordance with Table 4.3. 2. Metal up to and including 3/8 in. require 2 root and 2 face bend specimens. For metal over 3/8 in. thick, 4 side bend specimens shall be used. For all metal thicknesses, two reduced section specimens are required. 3. Dimensions for the specimen blanks and details of permitted bend tests are given in Appendix D. 4. A longer test plate will be required if toughness specimens are necessary. Toughness specimens should be located near the mid-length of the test plate.
ALL DIMENSIONS ARE APPROXIMATE UNLESS A TOLERANCE IS GIVEN
Figure 4.11 Location of Tension, Toughness, and Transverse Bend Specimens Plate and Sheet (see 4.8.1)
specified tensile strength of the base metal or weld metal. If neither value is available, two specimen blanks of the base material shall be tension tested. The lowest value determined from these tests shall be the specified minimum tensile strength for qualification purposes. Four specimens are required (Figure 4.12). (1) There shall be no linear indications longer than 1/16 in. (2) There shall be no more than four spherical indications in a line with dimensions greater than 1/16 in. and separated from each other by less than 1/16 in.
4.10
Cladding Test Weldment and Acceptance Criteria
4.10.2 If the test weldment passes the liquid penetrant examination, specimen blanks shall be removed as shown, in Figure 4.14. 4.10.3 Bend specimens from cladding test weldments shall be prepared and bent in one of the guided-bend test fixtures shown in Appendix D. 4.10.4 Weld cladding bend specimens shall have no open discontinuity exceeding 1/16 in. in the cladding, measured in any direction on the convex surface, and no open discontinuities exceeding 1/8 in. in length at the weld interface after bending.
4.10.1 The test weldment shall be welded as shown in Figure 4.14. The surface of the weld shall be prepared for liquid penetrant examination. Liquid penetrant examination shall be performed in accordance with ASTM E 165, Standard Test Method for Liquid Penetrant Examination. The surface shall be evaluated based on the following acceptance criteria:
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t + 1/16
DETAIL A SEE DETAIL A
DISC ARD
1/2MIN
9 MIN 2 MIN 4 1/2MIN 181/2 MIN 9 MIN 1/2MIN T = THICKNESS OF THE THROUGH PLATE t = SIZE OF THE FILLET WELD S = THICKNESS OF THE COVER PLATE ALL DIMENSIONS IN INCHES
Note: Length should be sufficient for the required number of specimens, which may be of any convenient width not less than 1 in.
2 MIN
DIS CA RD
6 MIN
Figure 4.12 Location of Fillet Weld Shear and Macroetch Test Specimens (see 4.9.4 and 4.9.6)
4.10.5 A chemical analysis sample shall be removed as shown in Appendix D, and the results from the chemical analysis specimen shall meet the requirements of the engineering document. 4.11.2 If required by the engineering document, the test weldment shall then be sectioned as shown in Figure 4.15 and then macroetched. Both exposed faces shall then be polished and etched to provide a clear definition of the weld metal and the heataffected zone. Examination results from both faces shall meet the prescribed acceptance criteria. 4.11.3 If specified by the engineering document a sample for chemical analysis shall be obtained from one macroetch specimen as shown in Appendix D.
4.11
Hardfacing Test Weldment and Acceptance Criteria
4.11.1 The test weldment shall be welded as shown in Figure 4.15. The hardfaced surface shall be prepared for hardness testing at the minimum weld metal thickness to be qualified. Hardness testing shall be performed at three locations, and the result of each test shall not be less than the minimum hardness specified in the engineering document.
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DISCARD 4 4
T2
DISCARD
6 MIN
T1
12 MIN
6 MIN W1 = MAXIMUM SINGLE PASS FILLET WELD W2 = MAXIMUM MULTIPLE PASS FILLET WELD
W 3/16 1/4 5/16 3/8
T1 min* 1/2 3/4 1 1
T2 min* 3/16 1/4 5/16 3/8
W 1/2 5/8 3/4 >3/4
T1 min* 1 1 1 1
T2 min* 1/2 5/8 3/4 1
* Note: Where the maximum plate thickness used in production is less than the value shown in the table, the maximum thickness of the production pieces may be substituted for T1 and T2.
Figure 4.13 Fillet Weld Bend-Break and Macroetch Test Specimens (see 4.9.4 and 4.9.5)
TRANSVERSE SIDE BENDS T
OF TION IREC ING D D WEL
CLAD AREA (6 X 2 MIN.)
6 MIN
8 MIN
ALL DIMENSION IN INCHES
NOTE: WELD LAYERS ARE ILLUSTRATIVE ONLY
T = SEE TABLE 4.4
Figure 4.14 Location of Cladding Test Specimens (see 4.10.1)
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HARDFACE AREA (4 X 1 MIN) CUT AND MACRO ETCH BOTH FACES

F NO TIO EC DIR LDING E W
C L 5 MIN 2 MIN
ALL DIMENSIONS IN INCHES
T = SEE TABLE 4.4
Figure 4.15 Location of Hardfacing Test Specimens (see 4.11.1) 4.12 Sheet Metal Weldments and Acceptance Criteria
(4) The weld reinforcement shall not exceed 1/8 in. (5) Undercut shall not exceed 15% of the base metal thickness.
4.12.1 Sheet metal is defined as material less than or equal to 1/8 thickness. The weld specimen shall be visually examined per 4.12.2 and mechanically tested per AWS D9.1. 4.12.2 Completed groove or fillet test weldment(s) shall be visually examined and shall meet the following acceptance criteria: (1) No incomplete joint penetration or fusion. (2) Not more than one visible pore or inclusion exceeding 25% of the base metal thickness, shall be permitted in any 1 in. of weld. (3) Visible pores shall not extend through the weld thickness.
4.13
Welding Procedure Specification Data
The following matrix indicates the welding data to be included in a WPS for each welding process. A WPS may be presented in any format, written or tabular, provided the data required in this matrix are included (see 4.3.4). The WPS may list variables recorded on the PQR within the full range permitted for a qualification variable and practical limits determined by the contractor for other than qualification variables.
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O F W 4.13.1 Joint Design 1) Joint type and dimensions 2) Treatment of backside, method of gouging/ preparation 3) Backing material, if used 4.13.2 Base Metal 1) Material number, subgroup 2) Thickness range qualified 3) Diameter (tubular only) 4.13.3 Filler Metal 1) Classification, specification, F-number, or if not classified the nominal composition 2) Filler metal size or diameter 3) Flux classification 4) Supplemental filler metal 5) Consumable insert and type 6) Supplemental deoxidant 4.13.4 Position 1) Welding positions(s) 2) Progression for vertical welding 4.13.5 Preheat and Interpass 1) Preheat minimum 2) Interpass temperature maximum (if applicable) 3) Preheat maintenance 4.13.6 Heat Treatment 1) PWHT temperature and time 4.13.7 Shielding Gas 1) Torch shielding gas and flow rate range 2) Purge/backing gas and flow rate range 3) Fuel gas and flame type (oxidizing, neutral, or reducing) 4) Environmental shielding and vacuum pressure 4.13.8 Electrical 1) Current (or wire feed speed), current type, and polarity 2) Voltage range (except for manual welding) 3) Beam focus current pulse frequency range, and filament type, shape and size 4) Type and diameter of tungsten electrode 5) Short circuit 6) A change to and from pulsed current 4.13.9 Variables (see 4.14.9) 1) Welding process 2) For mechanized or automatic, single or multi electrode and spacing, 3) Single or multi pass 4) Cleaning 5) Peening 6) Conventional or keyhole technique 7) Standoff distance 8) Stringer or weave bead 9) Travel-speed range for mechanized or automatic welding X X X X X X X X
S M A W X X X X X X X X
G T A W X X X X X X X X X X
S A W X X X X X X X X X X
G M A W X X X X X X X X X
F C A W X X X X X X X X X
P A W X X X X X X X X X X
E B W X X X X X X X X X X
L B W X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
X X
X X X X X
X X X X X X X X
X X X X X X
X X X X X X X X
X X X X X X X
X X X X X X X X
X X X X X X
X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
X X
X X
X X
X X
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4.14
Procedure Qualification Variables
of the range employed. The key to the entries in the body of the matrix is as follows: Q - Qualification variable for all applications T - Qualification variable for toughness applications C - Qualification variable for weld cladding applications H - Qualification variable for hardfacing applications
G T A W G M A W F C A W
This matrix lists the procedure qualification variables to be recorded on the PQR for each welding process. A change in a procedure qualification variable requires requalification of the procedure. Details related to joint design (4.14.1) do not apply to Armor Welding. The PQR shall list the values of the actual variables used, within the limits
O F W 4.14.1 Joint Design 1) A change in groove type (V-groove, Ugroove, single bevel, etc., exceeding A. A decrease in groove angle greater than 5 B. A decrease in root opening greater than 1/16 in. C. An increase in root face greater than 3/32 in. 2) A change from a fillet to a groove weld 3) A change in the M-number of backing 4) The addition of thermal backgouging on M-1 heat-treatable base metal 5) An increase in fit-up gap beyond that used in the qualification test 4.14.2 Base Metal 1) A change in base metal thick-ness beyond the range permitted in 4.4.1 2) A change from one M-number to another Mnumber or to an unlisted base metal, except as 4.3 and Table 4.6 permits. 3) A change from one M-number group to any other M-number group 4) A change from an uncoated metal to a coated (such as painted or galvanized) metal unless the coating is removed from the weld area prior to welding, but not vice versa. 4.14.3 Filler Metals 1) A change from one F-number to any other Fnumber or to any filler metal not listed in Table 4.8 2) For surfacing, a change in the chemical composition of the weld metal. Each layer shall be considered independent of other layers. 3) A change in AWS filler metal classification 4) An increase in filler metal tensile strength
S M A W
S A W
P A W
E B W
L B W
Q Q Q Q Q Q
Q Q Q Q Q Q
Q Q Q Q Q Q
Q Q Q Q Q Q
Q Q Q Q Q Q
Q Q Q Q Q Q
Q Q Q Q Q Q
Q Q Q
Q Q Q
Q Q Q
Q Q Q Q Q Q Q
Q Q
Q Q T
Q Q T Q
Q Q T Q
Q Q T Q
Q Q T Q
Q Q T Q
Q Q Q Q
Q CH
Q CH
Q CH
Q CH
Q CH
Q CH
Q CH
Q Q
T Q
T Q
T Q
T Q
T Q
T Q
T Q
T Q
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O F W 5) If the weld metal alloy content is largely dependent upon the composition of the flux, any change in the welding procedure which would result in the important weld metal alloying elements being outside the specified chemical composition range of the WPS. 6) A change in the cross-sectional area of filler metal added (excluding buttering) of 10%. 7) An increase in the filler metal diameter >1/32 in. 8) An increase in the filler metal diameter >1/64 in. 9) The addition or deletion of filler material 10) A decrease in thickness or a change in the nominal chemical composition of surfacing or buttering beyond that qualified. 11) A change of filler metal/ electrode nominal size/shape in the first layer. 12) Addition or deletion of supplementary filler metal (powder or wire), or a change of 10% in the amount 13) A change from single to multiple supplementary filler metal or vice versa. 14) Addition or deletion, or a change in the nominal amount or composition of supplementary metal (in addition to filler metal) beyond that qualified. 15) A change from wire to strip electrodes and vice versa. 16) A change from one AWS electrode-flux classification listed to any other electrode flux classification, or to an unlisted electrode-flux classification. A variation of 0.5% of the molybdenum content of the weld does not require requalification 17) A change in the weld metal thickness beyond that permitted in 4.4 18) The addition or deletion, or a change in the nominal amount or composition of supplementary deoxidation material beyond that qualified. 4.14.4 Position 1) A change in position not qualified by Table 4.5 and a change in vertical welding progression. 2) The addition of a welding position, except that positions other than flat also qualify for flat. 4.14.5 Preheat and Interpass Temperature 1) A decrease in preheat of more than 25 F from that qualified 2) An increase of more than 100 F in the maximum interpass temperature from that recorded on the PQR
S M A W
G T A W
S A W Q
G M A W
F C A W
P A W
E B W
L B W
Q Q Q Q Q CH CH CH Q CH T T CH Q CH CH CH T CH Q Q CH CH Q CH Q Q CH CH Q CH Q CH T Q CH Q CH Q
Q CH
Q Q
Q Q
Q Q
Q CH
Q CH
Q CH
Q CH
Q CH
Q CH
Q CH
Q T
Q T
Q T
Q T
Q T
Q T
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4.14.6 Post Weld Heat Treatment 1) Omission or inclusion of PWHT 4.14.7 Shielding Gas 1) A change in shielding gas from a single gas to any other shielding gas or mixture of gas, or in the specified nominal composition >5% of a gas mixture, or to no gas 2) A change of shielding environment from vacuum to an inert gas 3) An increase in vacuum pressure 4) The addition, deletion, a 5% flow rate change for any gas used in the process, or a change in the orientation of the plasma removing gas jet relative to the work piece (e.g., coaxial transverse to beam). 4.14.8 Electrical Characteristics 1) A change in amperage for each diameter used > 10 % increase or decrease. 2) A change in voltage for each diame-ter used >7% increase or decrease. 3) An increase in heat input or volume of weld metal deposited per unit length of weld, over that qualified, except when a grain refining austeni-tizing heat treatment is applied after welding. The increase may be measured by either of the following: a) Heat input (J/in.) =
Volts Amps 60 TravelSpee d(in/min)
O F W Q
S M A W Q
G T A W Q Q
S A W Q
G M A W Q Q
F C A W Q Q
P A W Q Q
E B W Q
L B W Q Q
Q Q
Q Q
Q Q T Q* T Q*
Q Q T
Q Q T Q*
Q Q T T T T
b) Weld Metal Volume - An in-crease in bead size, or a de-crease in the length of weld bead per unit length of electrode. 4) A change exceeding 2% in the voltage from that qualified 5) A change exceeding 5% in the beam or beam focus current from that qualified 6) A change in the beam pulsing frequency or duration from that qualified 7) A change in filament type, size, or shape 8) A change in the mode of metal transfer from short circuiting to globular, spray, or pulsed and vice versa 4.14.9 Other Variables 1) A change in welding process 2) A change from single electrode to multiple electrodes in the same weld pool, and vice versa 3) A change from multiple-pass per side to single pass per side 4) A change from the conventional welding to keyhole welding, or vice versa, or, the inclusion of both techniques unless each has been individually qualified 5) A change exceeding 5% in gun-toworkpiece distance, or axis of beam angle related to work
Q Q Q Q Q Q
Q Q T
Q Q T
Q Q T
Q Q T T
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O F W 6) A change exceeding 20% in oscillation length or width from that qualified, or the addition of a cosmetic wash pass 7) A change exceeding 10% in travel speed for mechanized or automatic welding * Required for A514 and A517 only 8) A change from stringer bead to weave bead for manual welding 9) A change from a stringer bead to a weave bead in vertical uphill welding. 10) A change in the type of fuel or type of flame 11) A change from single sided welds to double sided or vice versa
S M A W
G T A W
S A W
G M A W
F C A W
P A W
E B W Q
L B W
CH CH T Q CH T
CH CH
CH CH T
CH CH T
CH CH T
Part C Performance Qualification 4.15 General

4.15.1 Qualification of welders and welding operators requires that a weldment shall be made according to a qualified WPS. The weldment shall be prepared and tested in accordance with the requirements of this specification. If the WPS requires PWHT it may be omitted at the discretion of the qualifier. 4.15.3 Personnel currently qualified by the contractor to meet the requirements of other codes or specifications may be considered qualified provided the basis for their qualification meets all requirements specified in this code. 4.15.6 The welder or welding operator undertaking performance qualification tests shall be under the full supervision of the qualifier during the welding of test weldments. 4.15.7 The qualification test for each welder or welding operator shall be documented by the qualifier for both acceptable and unacceptable tests. There is no required format for Performance Qualification Test Records. A sample form may be found in Appendix C. Documentation shall, at a minimum, include the following: (1) WPS identification , (2) Inclusion of the qualification variables in 4.18 Performance Qualification Variables,
(3) Test and examination methods used, results and the limits of qualification for the welder or welding operator.
4.15.7.1 Per the requirements of 4.1.4.2, robotic programming validation shall be accomplished by verifying that the first weldment meets the established drawing and inspection criteria. 4.15.8 Acceptance of test results is the responsibility of the qualifier. Qualification records shall be signed and dated by the qualifier. Qualification records shall reference and may include mechanical test and nondestructive examination test reports that are signed by others. Examination results will be retained by the contractor after acceptance by the qualifier. The examination methods required are specified in Table 4.7 and the acceptance criteria for each method are provided in 4.17.
4.16
Testing
4.16.1 Tests shall be performed using a filler metal which has an assigned F-number listed in Table 4.8. A test using a filler metal not assigned an F-number shall qualify only for that filler metal, except that welding operator qualification tests made using any filler metal will qualify for any other filler metal.
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Table 4.6 Table 3.1 and Appendix A Steels Qualified by PQR Steels (see 4.3.8)
PQR Base Metal (Notes 1, 3, and 4)
A) Any Group I steel to itself B) Any Table M1 Group 2 steel to itself Any combination of A) and B) C) Group II steel to itself D) Any Table M1 Group 2 steel to itself Any combination of C) and D) Any specific Group III, Table M1 Group 3 Appendix A steel to Any Group I or Table M1 Group 1 steel Any specific Group III, Table M1 Group 3 or Appendix A steel to Any Group II or Table M1 Group 2 steel Joining of the following: Any Group III steel to itself Any Group III steel to another Group III steel Any Table M1 Group 3 steel to itself Any Table M1 Group 3 steel to another Table M1 Group 3 steel Any Appendix A steel to itself Any Appendix A steel to another Annex M steel Any combination of AWS Group III and Appendix A steels Any unlisted steel to Any steel listed in Table 3.1 or Appendix A For Table M(number) materials other than Table M1 or Table M11 steels Table M(number) Group Number steel to the same Table M(number) Group Number steel Any Table M(number) steel to An unlisted steel alloy Table M11 steels to Table M11 steels UNS assigned steels to the same or dissimilar UNS assigned steels
WPS Base Metal Group Combinations Permitted by PQR

Any combination of A) and B) Any combination of A) and B) Any combination of C) and D) The specific Group III, Table M1 Group 3 or Appendix A steel to Any Group I or Table M1 Group 1 steel The specific Group III, Table M1 Group 3 or to Any Group I or Group II or Table M1 Group1 or Group 2 steel
Steels shall be of the same material specification, grade/type, and minimum yield strength as the steels listed on the PQR (Note 2).
Only the specific combination of steels listed on the PQR Only the specific combination of steels listed on the PQR The Table M(number) Group Number qualified and any lower group number steels in the same Table M(number) classification within paragraph 4.7 guidelines Only the specific combinations in the PQR Table M11 steels of the same group number listed on the PQR The UNS Numbers listed on the PQR and any Table M(number) associated with the UNS Numbers
Notes: 1. Groups I through III are found in Table 3.1. 2. Reduction in yield strength with increased metal thickness where permitted by the steel specification. 3. Tables of M-number steels are located in Appendix A.
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Table 4.7 Examination Requirements for Performance Qualification (see 4.15.8)

Type of Test Visual Examination Radiography Bend Test Break-Bend Test Macro-Examination Pipe or Plate Groove Fillet Yes Yes Note a Yesa Yesb Yesb Sheet metal Groove Fillet Yes Yes Note a Yesa Yes Surfacing Cladding Hardfacing Yes Yes Yes Yes
Notes: a. Radiography may be substituted in lieu of bend testing, except for joints welded by GMAW-S. b. The requirement for a Bend-Break test and macro is waived for welders who successfully complete fillet procedure qualification tests (where shear tests, plus visual and macro examinations are used).
Table 4.8 Electrode Classification Groups (see 4.16.1)

Group Designation F13 F12 F11 F10 F9 F8 F7 F5 F4 F3 F2 F1 AWS Electrode Classification A5.26 A5.25 A5.22 A5.20 and.29 A5.9 A5.18 and A5.28 A5.17 and A5.23 A5.4 Cr-Ni A5.1 and A5.5 A5.1 and A5.5 A5.1 and A5.5 A5.1 and A5.5 AWS Classification Number EGXXTXX, EGXXSXXX FESXX-EXXXX-EW, ENXX, FESXX-EXXXX EXXXT-X EXXT-X ERXX ERXXS-X,ERXXX-X, E-XXX-X FXX-XXXX(FXX-EXXX),FXX-EXXX-X, FXXECXXX-X, FXX-EXXX-XN, and FXX-ECXXX-XN EXXX15,EXXX16,EXX17,EXX25,EXX26 EXX15, EXX16, EXX18, EXX15-X, EXX16-X, EXX18-X EXX10, EXX11, EXX10-X, EXX11-X EXX12, EXX13, EXX14, EXX13-X EXX20, EXX24, EXX27, EXX28, EXX20-X, EXX27-X
Table 4.9 Allowable Base Metals for Performance Qualification (See 4.18.1.1)
Test Weldment Material* M-1 through M-7, M11
*:
Qualifies for Production Welding Materials M-1 through M-7, M11
the welder to weld plate, sheet, or pipe as permitted in Table 4.10. WeIdment orientation other than the specific test positions shown in Figures 4.3 through 4.6 is permitted, but such tests qualify only for the orientation tested. Figures 4.1 and 4.2 show the permitted angular deviation in weld axis inclination and weld face rotation for each test position passed. 4.16.3 Figures 4.16 through 4.25 illustrate the various performance test weldments which are permitted, and give the locations for the removal of required specimen blanks. 4.16.4 Cladding. The clad weldment shall be visually examined in accordance with 4.17. If acceptable, the clad surface shall be machined to the minimum weld
If materials not listed in Appendix A are used for qualification tests, the welder or welding operator shall be qualified to weld only on the material used in the test weldment.
4.16.2 Test coupons welded in the specific test positions shown in Figures 4.3 through 4.6 quaIify
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metal thickness specified in the WPS. Two bend specimens are required except that 6G cladding pipe performance qualification requires three bend specimens, and the 2G cladding pipe performance qualification requires only one bend specimen. 4.16.5 Hardfacing Prior to removing test specimen blanks identified in Figure 4.25, the hardfaced surface shall be visually
examined in accordance with the Referencing Document. Unless otherwise specified in the Referencing Document one transverse macro shall be removed as shown in Figure 4.25 and the weld shall show complete fusion.
Table 4.10 Welder Qualification Production Welding Positions Qualified by Plate and Tube Tests (see 4.16.2)
1
Qualification Test Weld Type Positions2 1G 2G 3G 4G 3G + 4G 1F 2F 3F 4F 3F + 4F 1G Rotated 2G 5G 6G 3G + 5G Note 7 6GR (Fig. 4.5) 6GR (Fig. 4.5) 1F Rotated 2F 2F Rotated 4F 5F
Groove3 P L A T E
Production Plate Welding Qualified Groove Groove Fillet CJP PJP F F F F, H F, H F, H F, H, V F, H, V F, H, V F, OH F, OH F, OH All All All
Production Pipe Welding Qualified Butt-Groove CJP PJP F F F, H F, H F, H, V F, H, V F, OH F, OH All All Note 4 Note 4 T-, Y-, K-Groove CJP PJP F F, H F, H, V F, OH All Notes 4,6 Fillet F F, H F, H, V F, OH All F F, H F, H, V F, OH All FH F, H F, V, OH All All All All FH F, H F, V, OH All All
Fillet
Plug
Pipe 3 T Groove U B U L A R Pipe Fillet
F F, H F, H, V F, OH All Qualifies Plug and Slot Welding for Only the Positions Tested F F FH F F F F, H F, H F, H F, H F, H F, H F, V, OH F, V, OH F, V, OH F, V, OH F, V, OH F, V, OH All All All All All All All All All All All All Notes 6 All All All All All All All Notes 5, Notes 6 Notes 6 All All All All All All All Notes 5 Notes 6 Notes 6 FH F, H F, V, OH All All
CJP Complete Joint Penetration; PJP Partial Joint Penetration; (R) Restriction Notes (Notes shown at the bottom of a column box apply to all entries.): 1. Not applicable for welding operator qualification (see 4.18). 2. See Figures 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, and 4.6. 3. Groove weld qualification also qualifies plug and slot welds for the test positions indicated. 4. Only qualified for pipe over 24 in. in diameter with backing, backgouging, or both. 5. Not qualified for joints welded from one side without backing, or welded from two sides without backgouging. 6. Not qualified for welds having groove angles less than 30 7. Qualification for welding production joints without backing or backgouging requires using the Figure 4.7 joint detail. For welding production joints with backing or backgouging, the Figure 4.8 joint detail can be used for qualification.
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4.17
Examination Procedures and Acceptance Criteria
acceptance criteria shall be in accordance with Appendix B, Table B3.3, Level 2. 4.17.3 Bend Tests Specimens shall be bent in one of the guided-bend test fixtures shown in Appendix D. 4.17.3.1 For face bend specimens, the weld face side shall be on the convex side of the bend specimen. For root bend specimens, the weld root side shall be on the convex side of the bend specimen. For transverse bend specimens, the weld metal
TOP OF PIPE 5G OR 6G 4560 (TYP.) ROOT BEND FACE BEND
Unless otherwise specified in the referencing document, examination procedures and acceptance criteria shall be as specified in the following paragraphs. 4.17.1 Visual Examination. The test weld may be examined visually by the qualifier at any time, and the test terminated at any stage if the necessary skills are not exhibited. The completed test weld shall be visually examined without magnification. 4.17.1.1 Test Weldments Acceptance criteria for visual examination of test weldments shall be as follows: (1) Plate and Pipe Weldments (a) No cracks or incomplete fusion. (b) No incomplete joint penetration in groove welds, except where partial joint penetration groove welds are specified. (c) Undercut depth shall not exceed the lesser of 10% of the base metal thickness or 1/32 in. (d) Face reinforcement or root reinforcement shall not exceed 1/8 in. (e) No single pore shall exceed 3/32 in. diameter. (f) For fillet weld tests, concavity or convexity of the weld face shall not exceed 1/16 in. The two fillet leg sizes shall not differ by more than 1/8 in.
SPECIMEN 1-1/2 X 6 MIN
ROOT BEND
FACE BEND
Note: For pipe 3/8 in. thick and over side bends shall be taken. See Table 4.3 for diameter and thickness limitations.
Figure 4.16 Location of 1G, 2G, 5G, and 6G Bend Specimens Pipe Groove Weldment (see 4.16.3)
and heat-affected zone shall be completely within the bent portion of the specimen after bending. 4.17.3.2 Bend specimens from groove welds shall have no open discontinuity exceeding 1/8 in., measured in any direction on the convex surface of the specimen after bending. Cracks occurring on the corners of the specimen during bending shall not be considered, unless there is definite evidence that they result from slag inclusions or other discontinuities. 4.17.3.3 For weld cladding, no open discontinuity exceeding 1/16 in. measured in any direction on the surface shall be permitted in the cladding, and no open defects exceeding 1/8 in. in length shall be permitted at the weld interface after bending.
(2) Cladding/Hardfacing Weldments (a) The appearance of the weld shall satisfy the qualifier that the welder is skilled in applying the WPS used for the test weldment.
(3) Sheet Metal Weldments (a) No cracks or incomplete fusion. (b) No melt-through (burn-through) which results in a hole. (c) No weld reinforcement for groove welds or convexity for fillet welds that exceed 1/8 in. (d) No visible porosity or inclusions.
4.17.2 Radiographic Examination. Unless otherwise specified in the engineering document the radiographic procedure and
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4.17.4 Fillet-Weld Bend-Break Tests. Specimens shall be bent with the weld root in tension until the specimen either fractures or until it is bent flat upon itself. The specimen shall be accepted if: (1) The specimen does not fracture, or
REMOVE 5G ROOT BEND SPECIMEN FROM THIS AREA
(2) If the fillet fractures, the fractured surface shall exhibit no cracks or incomplete root fusion and no inclusion or porosity in the fracture surface exceeding 3/32 in. in its greatest dimension, or
TOP OF 5G POSITION 10 10 20 20 REMOVE 5G FACE BEND FROM THIS AREA
REMOVE 1 FACE AND 1 ROOT BEND SPECIMEN FROM THIS AREA
HORIZONTAL REFERENCE LINE FOR 5G POSITION
PIPE IN FIXED VERTICAL POSITION FOR 2G TESTS 20 PIPE IN FIXED HORIZONTAL POSITION FOR 5G TESTS
20
10 REMOVE 5G FACE BEND FROM THIS AREA
REMOVE 5G ROOT BEND FROM THIS AREA
Notes: 1. For pipe 3/8 in. thick and over side bends shall be taken.. 2. Six specimen blanks shall be removed from the appropriate locations shown, 1 face and 1 root bend specimen from the 2G portion of the test weldment and 2 face and 2 root bend specimens from the 5G portion of the weldment. 3. Dimensions for the specimen blanks and details of bend tests are shown in Appendix D.
Figure 4.17 Location of Bend Specimens Combined Positions 2G and 5G (see 4.16.3)
(3) The sum of the greatest dimension of all inclusions and porosity do not exceed 3/8 in. in the specimen length. (1) Fillet Welds. Both weld cross-sections of the macroetch specimen from the fillet weld shall be examined. The weld cross-section shall show no incomplete fusion and no cracks. Discontinuities at the weld root, not exceeding 1/32 in., shall be acceptable. (2) Hard facing. The specimen shall show complete fusion.
4.17.5 Macro Examination. Specimens shall be polished and etched to provide a clear definition of the weld metal and heataffected zone. Visual examination of etched surfaces shall be without magnification.
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4.18
Performance Qualification Variables
4.18.1 Qualification on one WPS will also qualify for welding with any other WPS within the limits given in Table 4.10 and 4.18.1.1. 4.18.1.1 Welders A change in any variable listed below from that which was used in a welder's qualification test will require requalification of that welder: (1) a change in welding process (2) the deletion of backing for pipe and tube (3) a change in filler metal from any F-number to F-9 or vice versa. (4) a change of a SMAW electrode to a higher F-number (5) a change in base metal except as permitted in Table 4.9. (6) a change in the type of fuel gas (OFW) (7) a change in position from that qualified, except as permitted in 4.16.2. (8) a change in vertical weld progression from uphill to downhill, or vice versa for any pass except root passes that are completely removed by back gouging or final passes used to dress the final weld surface.
(9) for GMAW, a change from spray transfer, globular transfer, or pulsed spray welding to short-circuiting transfer, or vice versa. (10)for GMAW, GTAW, or PAW, omission or addition of consumable inserts, or deletion of root shielding gas except for double welded butt joints, partial penetration groove, and fillet welds (11)a change in material thickness or diameter from that tested except as permitted in Tables 4.11, 4.12, 4.13, and 4.14
4.18.1.2 Welding Operator A change in any variable listed below from that which was used in the welding operator's qualification test will require requalification of the welding operator: (1) a change in welding process (2) a change in position except as permitted in Table 4.10 (3) deletion of consumable inserts (4) for GMAW welding, a change from any transfer mode to the short-circuiting mode (5) a change in base metal except as permitted in Table 4.9.
T
DI SC AR D
DISC ARD
DISC ARD
DISCARD 1 MIN
DI SC AR D
6 MIN
BACKING STRIP IF USED
DISCARD 1 MIN.
T = SEE TABLE 4.12

Notes: 1. Longitudinal bend specimens as shown in Figure 4.19 may be substituted for transverse bend specimens for welds that differ markedly in bending behavior between base metals or between base metal and weld metal. 2. For plate 3/8 in. thick and over side bends shall be taken. The specimens and their order of removal shall be the same for weldments with or without the optional backing strip shown in these drawings. 3. Dimensions of test specimens and detail of test fixtures are shown in Appendix D. 4. Backing width (W) shall be 3 in. minimum if radiography is used.
Figure 4.18 Location of Transverse Bend Specimens Plate Groove Weldment (see 4.16.3)
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3 MIN
DISCARD 1 MIN
12 MIN
BACKING STRIP IF USED
DISCARD 1 MIN
NOTE: DIMENSIONS OF TEST SPECIMENS AND TEST FIXTURES ARE SHOWN IN APPENDIX D T = SEE TABLE 4.12
Figure 4.19 Location of Longitudinal Bend Specimens Plate Groove Weldment (see 4.16.3)
1 MIN
6 MIN S
DISCARD CUT LINE MACROETCH SPECIMEN (ETCH INTERIOR FACE)
4 MIN
tMAX
T STOP AND RESTART WELDING NEAR CENTER 4 MIN MACROETCH SPECIMEN (ETCH INTERIOR FACE)
T T < 1/4 T 1/4
tmax 1/4 T-1/16
ALL DIMENSIONS IN INCHES T = SEE TABLE 4.12

Notes: 1 The center 6 in. segment shall be bent with the root in tension until it fractures or bends flat. 2. One of the end pieces shall be selected for the macroetch specimen.
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Figure 4.20 Location of Fillet Test Specimens Plate (see 4.16.3)

DIS RO CA OT DIS RD BEN CA DS RD PEC IME RO N OT DIS BE CA ND RD DIS SP CA EC RD IM EN
1 MIN DISCARD 6 MIN C L
MAXIMUM SIZE SINGLE PASS FILLET WELD 3/8 in.
W 1 MIN DISCARD THE PORTION BETWEEN FILLET WELDS MAY BE WELDED IN ANY POSITION T ALL DIMENSIONS IN INCHES
T = SEE TABLE 4.12

Notes: 1. Longitudinal bend specimens shown in Figure 4.19 may be substituted for transverse bend specimens for welds that differ markedly in bending behavior between two base metals or between base metal and weld metal. 2. Dimensions of test specimens and test fixtures are shown in Appendix D. 3. Backing width (W) shall be 3 in. minimum if radiography is used.
Figure 4.21 Location of Fillet Test Specimens Alternate Weldment Plate (see 4.16.3)
MACRO SPECIMEN DIRECTION OF BEND 1/4 SECTION BEND/BREAK
FILLET SIZE = t
START AND STOP OF WELD NEAR CENTER OF BEND
T = WALL THICKNESS
T = SEE TABLE 4.12
Figure 4.22 Location of Fillet Test Specimens Pipe (see 4.16.3)
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MACRO SPECIMEN
MACRO-ETCH FACE LOCATIONS ARE OPTIONAL 90 1/4 SECTION BEND/BREAK

MACRO
3 FILLET SIZE = t 90
3 START AND STOP OF WELD NEAR CENTER OF BEND
BEN D/BREAK
90
Note: the bend/break specimens shall be removed from the lower 90 degrees for 5F weldments.
T = SEE TABLE 4.12
Figure 4.23 Location of Fillet Test Specimens Alternate Weld Pipe (see 4.16.3)
TRANSVERSE SIDE BENDS (TWO)
N OF CTIO DIRE ING D WEL
CLAD AREA (6 X 2 MIN.)
6 MIN
8 MIN
T = 3/8 MIN
Note: Weld layers are illustrative only. Two transverse side bend specimens shall be removed from the test coupon for each position for which the welder is being qualified, except as otherwise required in 4.16.4
Figure 4.24 Location of Cladding Specimens Plate (see 4.16.3)
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HARDFACE AREA (4 X 1 MIN) CUT AND MACRO ETCH ONE SIDE

OF ON CTI E DIR LDING E W
C L 5 MIN 2 MIN
Note: Weld layers are illustrative only. One transverse macro specimen shall be removed from the test coupon for each position for which the welder is being qualified, except as otherwise permitted in Table 4.10
Figure 4.25 Location of Test Specimen Hardfacing Test Weldment Plate (see 4.16.3)
Table 4.11 Pipe Diameter and Thickness Limitations for Performance Qualification on Groove Weld (see 4.18.1.1)
Qualifies for Pipe and Plate Test Weldment, in. Outside Diameter Less than 1 1 through 2-7/8 Over 2-7/8 Less than 3/4 3/4 and over Deposit Thickness (t) Minimum Outside Diameter Grooves Size Welded 1 2-7/8 Fillets All All All 2t Unlimited All All Maximum Deposit Thickness Grooves Fillets
t = thickness of the deposited weld metal. Note: Two or more pipe coupons of different thicknesses may be used to determine the deposited weld metal thickness qualified, and that thickness may be applied to the smallest diameter for which the welder is qualified.
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Table 4.12 Plate Groove Weld Qualification Thickness Limitations for Performance Qualification (see 4.18.1.1)
Qualifies for Plate Test Weldment Thickness, in. (T) <3/8 3/8<1
1
Plate Thickness, in. (t) Maximum 1/2t to 2t 1/8 to 2t 1/8 to Unlimited
Fillet Weld Size, in. Unlimited Unlimited Unlimited
Note: Qualification on plate will also qualify for groove welds in pipe 24 in. and over in diameter.
Table 4.13 Pipe Fillet Weld Qualification Limitations or Performance Qualification (see 4.18.1.1)
Qualifies for Fillets Test Weldment, in. Pipe Less than 1 outside diameter Pipe 1 to 2-7/8 outside diameter Pipe 2-7/8 outside diameter and over Plate or sheet Outside Diameter, in Size welded and over 1 and over 2-7/8 and over Over 24 Fillet Weld Size Unlimited Unlimited Unlimited Unlimited Base Metal Thickness, in. Unlimited Unlimited Unlimited Unlimited
Notes: 1. For pipe with an outside diameter of less than 2-7/8 in., qualification shall be on pipe test weldment with a fillet weld. 2. Qualification on any pipe groove weld also qualifies for fillet welds
Table 4.14 Sheet Metal Qualification Thickness Limitations for Performance Qualification (see 4.18.1.1)
Square Groove Test Weldment Thickness (T) Square Groove Fillets, flare bevels and flare Vgrooves
T = thickness of the test weldment base metal
Fillet, Flare Bevel, and Flare VGroove Minimum Unlimited T Maximum Unlimited Unlimited
Minimum 0.5 T
Maximum 2T
Not qualified
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5
5.1 Scope
Fabrication
5.3
5.3.1 5.3.1.1
All applicable provisions of this section shall be observed in the fabrication of welded assemblies and structures produced by any process acceptable under this code (see 3.2 and 4.14). This section also applies to the fabrication of armor components; however, Appendix B supercedes this section wherever a conflict exists.
Welding Consumables and Electrode Requirements

General Certification for Electrodes or Electrode-Flux Combinations
5.2
5.2.1
Base Metal
Specified Base Metal.
The contract documents shall designate the specification and classification of base metal to be used. When welding is involved in the structure, approved base metals, listed in Table 3.1 or Appendix A or Appendix B, should be used wherever possible. 5.2.2 5.2.2.1 Base Metal for Weld Tabs, Backing, and Spacers Weld Tabs
The contractor shall be responsible for maintaining certification. When requested by the procuring activity, the contractor or fabricator shall furnish certification that the electrode or electrode-flux combination will meet the requirements of the classification. 5.3.1.2 Suitability of Classification The classification and size of electrode, voltage, and amperage shall be suited to the thickness of the material, type of weld, welding positions, and other welding elements. Welding current shall be within the range specified on the WPS. 5.3.1.3 Shielding Gas A gas or gas mixture used for shielding shall be of a welding grade and have a dew point of -40F or lower. When requested by the procuring activity, the contractor or fabricator shall furnish the gas manufacturer's certification that the gas or gas mixture will meet the dew point requirements. When mixed at the welding site, suitable meters shall be used for proportioning the gases. Percentage of gases shall conform to the requirements of the WPS. 5.3.1.4 Storage Welding consumables that have been removed from the original package shall be protected and stored so that the welding properties are not affected. 5.3.1.5 Electrode Condition Electrodes shall be dry and in suitable condition for use. 5.3.2 SMAW Electrodes Electrodes for SMAW shall conform to the requirements of the latest edition of ANSI/AWS A5.1, Specification for Carbon Steel Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding Electrodes, or to the requirements of ANSI/AWS A5.5, Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding, or AWS/ANSI A5.4, Specification for Stainless Steel Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding.
Weld tabs used in welding shall conform to the following requirements: (1) When used for welding with an approved steel listed in Table 3.1, the material may be any of the steels listed in Table 3.1 or Appendix A. When used for welding Appendix A materials, the weld tabs shall be of the same Mnumber. (2) When used in welding with a steel qualified in accordance with section 4 Part B the tabs may be: (a) the steel qualified, (b) any steel listed in Table 3.1 or Appendix A, or (c) corresponding M-numbers within provision of Table 4.6 5.2.2.2 Backing Steel for backing shall conform to the requirements of 5.2.2.1. 5.2.2.3 Spacers Spacers used shall be of the same material as the base metal.
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5.3.2.1
SMAW Electrode Storage Conditions
All low hydrogen and stainless steel electrodes having coverings conforming to ANSI/AWS A5.1, ANSI/AWS A5.4 and ANSI/AWS A5.5 shall be purchased in hermetically sealed containers or shall be baked by the user in accordance with 5.3.2.4 prior to use. Immediately after opening the hermetically sealed container, electrodes shall be stored in ovens held at a temperature of at least 250F. Electrodes shall be rebaked no more than once. Electrodes that have been wet shall not be used. 5.3.2.2 Approved Atmospheric Time Periods After hermetically sealed containers are opened or after electrodes are removed from baking or storage ovens, the electrode exposure to the atmosphere shall not exceed the values shown in column A, Table 5.1, for the specific electrode classification with optional supplemental designators, where applicable. The maximum permissible exposure of electrodes conforming to ANSI/AWS A5.4 shall be 4 hours. Electrodes exposed to the atmosphere for periods less than those permitted by column A, Table 5.1 may be returned to a holding oven maintained at 250F min; after a minimum hold period of four hours at 250F min. the electrodes may be reissued. 5.3.2.3 Rebaking Electrodes Electrodes exposed to the atmosphere for periods greater than those permitted in Table 5.1 shall be rebaked as follows: (1) All electrodes having low-hydrogen coverings conforming to ANSI/AWS A5.1 or ANSI/AWS A5.4 shall be baked for at least two hours between 500F and 800F, or (2) All electrodes having low-hydrogen coverings conforming to ANSI/AWS A5.5 shall be baked for at least one hour at temperatures between 700F and 800F.
Table 5.1 Permissible Atmospheric Exposure of Low-Hydrogen Electrodes (see 5.3.2.2 and 5.3.2.3)
Electrode Column A (hours) 4 max 9 max 9 max 9 max 4 max 2 max 1 max 1/2 max 1/2 max
A5.1
E70XX E70XXR E70XXHZR E7018M
A5.5
E70XX-X E80XX-X E90XX-X E100XX-X E110XX-X
Notes: 1. Column A: Electrodes exposed to atmosphere for longer periods than shown shall be redried before use. 2. Entire table: Electrodes shall be issued and held in quivers, or other small open containers. Heated containers are not mandatory. 3. The optional supplement designator, R, designates a low-hydrogen electrode which has been tested for covering moisture content after exposure to a moist environment for 9 hours and has met the maximum level in ANSI/AAWS A5.1-91, Specification for Carbon Steel Electrodes for Shielded Metal Welding.
5.3.2.4
Electrode Restrictions for ASTM A514 or A517 Steels
When used for welding ASTM A514 or A517 steels, electrodes of any classification lower than E100XXX, except for E7018M and E70XXH4R, shall be baked at least one hour at temperatures between 700 and 800F before being used, whether furnished in hermetically sealed containers or otherwise. 5.3.3 SAW Electrodes and Fluxes. Submerged arc welding (SAW) may be performed with one or more single electrodes, one or more parallel electrodes, or combinations of single and parallel electrodes. The spacing between arcs shall be such that the slag cover over the weld metal produced by a leading arc does not cool sufficiently to prevent the proper weld deposit of a following electrode. SAW with multiple electrodes may be used for any groove or fillet weld pass. 5.3.3.1 Electrode-Flux Combination Requirements
All electrodes shall be placed in a suitable oven at a temperature not exceeding one half the final baking temperature for a minimum of one half hour prior to increasing the oven temperature to the final baking temperature. Final baking time shall start after the oven reaches final baking temperature.
The bare electrodes and flux used in combination for SAW of steels shall conform to the requirements in the latest edition of ANSI/AWS A5.17, Specification for Carbon Steel Electrodes and
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Fluxes for Submerged Arc Welding, or to the requirements of the latest edition of ANSI/AWS A5.23, Specification for Low Alloy Steel Electrodes and Fluxes for Submerged Arc Welding. 5.3.3.2 Condition of Flux Flux used for SAW shall be dry and free of contamination from dirt, mill scale, or other foreign material. All flux shall be purchased in packages that can be stored, under normal conditions, for at least six months without such storage affecting its welding characteristics or weld properties. Flux from damaged packages shall be discarded or shall be dried at a minimum temperature of 500F for one hour before use. Flux that has been wet shall not be used. 5.3.3.3 Flux Reclamation SAW flux that has not been melted during the welding operation may be reused after recovery by vacuuming, catch pans, sweeping, or other means. The welding fabricator shall have a system for collecting unmelted flux, adding new flux, and welding with the mixture of these two, such that the flux composition and particle size distribution at the weld puddle are relatively constant. Recrushed slag is not acceptable for use. 5.3.4 GMAW/FCAW Electrodes. The electrodes and shielding for gas metal arc welding (GMAW) or flux cored arc welding (FCAW) for producing weld metal with minimum specified yield strengths of 60,000 psi or less, shall conform to the requirements of the latest edition of ANSI/AWS A5.18, Specification for Carbon Steel Electrodes and Rods for Gas Shielded Arc Welding, or ANSI/AWS A5.20, Specification for Carbon Steel Electrodes for Flux Cored Arc Welding, ANSI/AWS A5.9 Specification for Bare Stainless Steel Welding Electrodes and Rods, as applicable. 5.3.4.1 Low-Alloy Electrodes for GMAW The electrodes and shielding for GMAW for producing weld metal with a minimum specified yield strength greater than 60,000 psi shall conform with the latest edition of ANSI/AWS A5.28, Specification for Low Alloy Steel Filler Metals for Gas Shielded Arc Welding. 5.3.4.2 Low-Alloy Electrodes for FCAW The electrodes and shielding gas for FCAW for producing weld metal with a minimum specified yield strength greater than 60,000 psi shall conform to the latest edition of ANSI/AWS A5.22, Specification for Flux Cored Corrosion Resisting
and Chromium-Nickel Steel Electrodes or ANSI/ AWS A5.29, Specification for Low Alloy Steel Electrodes for Flux Cored Arc Welding, as appropriate. 5.3.5 5.5.5.1 GTAW Tungsten Electrodes
Welding current shall be compatible with the diameter and type or classification of electrode. Tungsten electrodes shall be in accordance with ANSI/AWS A5.12, Specification for Tungsten and Tungsten Alloy Electrodes for Arc Welding and Cutting. 5.3.5.2 Filler Metal The filler metal shall conform to all the requirements of the latest edition of ANSI/AWS A5.9 or ANSI/AWS A5.18 or ANSI/AWS A5.28 and ANSI/AWS A5.30, Specification for Consumable Inserts.
5.4
WPS Variables
The welding variables shall be in conformance with a written WPS. Each pass will have complete fusion with the adjacent base metal, and such that there will be no depressions or undue undercutting at the toe of the weld. Excessive concavity of initial passes shall be avoided to prevent cracking in the roots of joints under restraint.
5.5
Preheat and Interpass Temperatures
Base metal shall be preheated, if required, to a temperature not less than the minimum value listed on the WPS (See 3.4 for prequalified WPS limitations and 4.14.5 for qualified WPS essential variable limitations). For combinations of base metals, the minimum preheat shall be based on the highest minimum preheat. This preheat and all subsequent minimum interpass temperatures shall be maintained during the welding operation for a distance at least equal to the thickness of the thickest welded part (but not less than 3 in.) in all directions from the point of welding. Minimum interpass temperature requirements shall be considered equal to the preheat requirements, unless otherwise indicated on the WPS. When preheat and interpass temperatures are to be verified, they shall be checked prior to initiating the arc.
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5.6
Backing, Backing Gas, or Inserts
Complete joint penetration groove welds may be made with or without the use of backing gas, backing or consumable inserts, or may have the root of the initial weld gouged, chipped, or otherwise removed to sound metal before welding is started on the second side.
heated structure or shelter around the area being welded could maintain the temperature adjacent to the weldment at 0F or higher.
5.9
Compliance with Design
The sizes and lengths of welds shall be no less than those specified by design requirements and detail drawings, except as permitted in Table 6.1.
5.7
Backing
Roots of groove or fillet welds may be backed by copper, flux, glass tape, ceramic, iron powder, or similar materials to prevent melting through. They may also be sealed by means of root passes deposited with low-hydrogen electrodes if SMAW is used, or by other arc welding processes. Steel backing shall conform to the following requirements: 5.7.1 Fusion. Groove welds made with the use of permanent steel backing shall have the weld metal thoroughly fused with the backing. 5.7.2 Full Length Backing. Steel backing shall be made continuous for the full length of the weld. All joints in the steel backing shall be complete joint penetration welded butt joints meeting all the requirements of section 5 of this code. 5.7.3 Backing Thickness. The minimum thickness of backing bars shall be of sufficient thickness to prevent melt-through.
5.10
Preparation of Base Metal
Surfaces on which weld metal is to be deposited shall be smooth, uniform, and free from fins, tears, cracks, and other discontinuities that would adversely affect the quality or strength of the weld. Surfaces to be welded, and surfaces adjacent to a weld, shall also be free from loose or thick scale, slag, rust, moisture, grease, and other foreign material that would prevent proper welding or produce objectionable fumes.
5.11
Tack Welds
5.11.1 General Requirements for Tack Welds. Tack welds shall be subject to the same quality requirements as the final welds, with the following exceptions: (1) Preheat is not mandatory for single-pass tack welds which are remelted and incorporated into continuous submerged arc welds. (2) For submerged arc welding, discontinuities such as undercut, unfilled craters, and porosity need not be removed before the final weld.
5.8
5.8.1
Welding Environment
Maximum Wind Velocity
5.11.2 Incorporated Tack Welds Tack welds that are incorporated into the final weld shall be made with electrodes meeting the requirements of the final welds and shall be cleaned thoroughly. Multiple-pass tack welds shall have cascaded or ground ends to ensure tie-in. 5.11.2.1 Additional Requirements for Tack Welds Incorporated in SAW Welds
GMAW, GTAW, EGW, or FCAW-G shall not be done in a draft or wind unless the weld is protected by a shelter. Such shelters shall be of material and shape appropriate to reduce wind velocity in the vicinity of the weld. 5.8.2 Minimum Ambient Temperature Welding shall not be done: (1) when the ambient temperature is lower than 0F (2) when surfaces are wet or exposed to rain, snow, or (3) high wind velocities.
Note: ZeroF does not mean the ambient environmental temperature, but the temperature in the immediate vicinity of the weld. The ambient environmental temperature may be below 0F, but a
Tack welds in the form of fillet welds 3/8 in. or smaller, or in the roots of joints requiring specific penetration shall not produce objectionable changes in the appearance of the weld surface or result in decreased penetration. Tack welds not conforming to the preceding requirements shall be removed or reduced in size by any suitable means before welding. Tack welds in the root of a joint with steel backing less than 5/16 in. thick shall be removed or made continuous for the full length of the joint using SMAW with low-hydrogen electrodes, GMAW, or FCAW.
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5.11.2.2
Unincorporated Tack Welds
Tack welds not incorporated into final welds shall be removed, except that, for non-critical welds, they need not be removed unless required by the drawing.
successive layers to fill the hole to the required depth. The slag covering the weld metal should be kept molten until the weld is finished. If the arc is broken or the slag is allowed to cool, the slag must be completely removed before restarting the weld. 5.14.1.2 Vertical Position. For welds to be made in the vertical position, the arc is started at the root of the joint at the lower side of the hole and is carried upward, fusing the face of the inner plate and to the side of the hole. The arc is stopped at the top of the hole, the slag is cleaned off and the process is repeated on the opposite side of the hole. After cleaning slag from the weld, other layers should be similarly deposited to fill the hole to the required depth. 5.14.1.3 Overhead Position For welds to be made in the overhead position the, procedure is the same as for the flat position, except that the slag should be allowed to cool and should be completely removed after depositing each successive bead until the hole is filled to the required depth. 5.14.2 Slot Welds Slot Welds shall be made using techniques similar to those specified in 5.14.1.1 for plug welds, except that if the length of the slot exceeds three times the width, or if the slot extends to the edge of the part, the technique requirements of 5.14.1.3 shall apply.
5.12
Control of Distortion and Shrinkage
5.12.1 Procedure and Sequence In assembling and joining parts of a structure, the procedure and sequence shall be such as will minimize distortion and shrinkage. 5.12.2 Sequencing Insofar as practicable, all welds shall be made in a sequence that will balance the applied heat of welding while the welding progresses. 5.12.3 Minimized Restraint. In assemblies, joints expected to have significant shrinkage should usually be welded before joints expected to have lesser shrinkage. They should also be welded with as little restraint as possible. 5.12.4 Temperature Limitations. In making welds under conditions of severe external shrinkage restraint, once the welding has started, the joint shall not be allowed to cool below the minimum specified preheat until the joint has been completed or sufficient weld has been deposited to ensure freedom from cracking.
5.15
Rework/Repairs
5.13
Fillet Weld Assembly
If the fillet weld root opening exceeds 1/16 in., that leg of the fillet weld shall be increased by the amount of the opening.
This section is provided for guidance in the case that repairs are required. Repairs shall be performed in accordance with approved repair procedures. When they are used, they shall take precedence over this section. Definitions for rework and repair are as follows: Rework - The removal and replacing of an existing weld, addition or deletion of weld metal to bring a weld to drawing requirement, or the removal and replacement of a mislocated welded component. Repair - Through the welding process, the restoration of base metal to the correct configuration. This includes mislocated holes, slots, undersize and oversize material conditions.
5.14
Technique for Plug and Slot Welds
5.14.1 Plug Welds The technique used to make plug welds when using SMAW, GMAW. (except short circuiting transfer), and FCAW processes shall be as follows: 5.14.1.1 Flat Position For welds to be made in the flat position, each pass shall be deposited around the root of the joint and then deposited along a spiral path to the center of the hole fusing and depositing a layer of weld metal in the root and bottom of the joint. The arc is then carried to the periphery or the hole and the procedure repeated, fusing and depositing
5.15.1 The removal of weld metal or portions of the base metal shall be done either by mechanical, or thermal followed by mechanical. The removal shall be done so that the remaining weld
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metal and base metal are not nicked or undercut. Unacceptable portions of the weld shall be removed without substantial removal of base metal. Metal added to compensate for any deficiency in the size of the weld shall be deposited by a qualified welder with filler of the same composition in accordance with an approved welding procedure. The surfaces shall be cleaned thoroughly before welding. 5.15.2 The contractor has the option of either reworking an unacceptable weld, or removing and replacing the entire weld. If the contractor elects to rework the weld, it shall be corrected as follows: 5.15.2.1 Overlap or Excessive Convexity Excess weld metal shall be removed by machining, or grinding. 5.15.2.2 Excessive Concavity of Weld or Crater, Under-size Welds, Undercutting
5.15.7 If, after an unacceptable weld has been made, work is performed which has rendered that weld inaccessible or has created new conditions which make correction of the unacceptable weld dangerous or ineffective, then the original conditions shall be restored by removing the added welds or members, or both, before the corrections are made. If this is not done, the weld must be submitted to Material Review Board (MRB) for disposition.
5.16
Peening
Peening may be used on intermediate weld layers for control of shrinkage stresses in thick welds to prevent cracking or distortion, or both. No peening shall be done on the root or surface layer. 5.16.1 Tools The use of manual slag hammers, chisels, and lightweight vibrating tools for the removal of slag and spatter is permitted and is not considered peening.
Surfaces shall be prepared and additional weld metal deposited in accordance with the specified welding procedure. 5.15.2.3 Excessive Weld Porosity or Incomplete Fusion
5.17 5.18
Caulking Arc Strikes
Caulking of welds shall not be permitted.
Unacceptable portions shall be removed and the area rewelded in accordance with the specified welding procedure. 5.15.2.4 Cracks in Welds The extent of the crack shall be ascertained by use of visual, or other NDT means. The crack shall be removed and the area rewelded in accordance with the specified welding procedure. If dye penetrant is used, all traces of penetrant and developer shall be removed before rewelding. 5.15.3 If the contractor elects to remove and replace the entire weld, the procedure approved for use on the original weld shall be used. 5.15.4 The reworked or replaced weld shall be tested or examined by the method originally used and the same technique and quality acceptance criteria shall be applied. 5.15.5 Members distorted by welding shall be straightened at ambient temperature by mechanical means and visually inspected subsequent to straightening. 5.15.6 Approval, by individuals authorized by the contractor, shall be obtained for such corrections as weld repairs to mill defects in the base metal and repair of cracks in accordance with approved repair procedures.
Arc strikes outside the area of permanent welds should be avoided on any base metal. Cracks shall, and blemishes should be ground to a smooth contour and checked to ensure soundness. Suspect indications should be further checked by magnetic particle or penetrant inspection.
5.19
Weld Cleaning
5.19.1 In-Process Cleaning Before welding over previously deposited metal, all slag shall be removed and the weld and adjacent base metal shall be brushed clean. This requirement shall apply not only to successive layers but also to successive beads and to the crater area when welding is resumed after any interruption. It shall not, however, restrict the welding of plug and slot welds. 5.19.2 Cleaning of Completed Welds. Slag shall be removed from all completed welds, and the weld and adjacent base metal shall be cleaned by brushing or other suitable means. Tightly adherent spatter remaining after the cleaning operation is acceptable, unless its removal is required for the purpose of nondestructive testing or personnel safety. Welded joints shall not be painted
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until after welding has been completed and the weld
accepted.
6
Part A General Requirements
This section specifies or references the requirements for the Inspector's qualifications and responsibilities, acceptance criteria for discontinuities, and procedures for nondestructive testing (NDT).
Inspection
6.1.3.2 The qualification of an Inspector shall remain in effect indefinitely, provided the Inspector remains active in inspection of welded steel fabrication, unless there is specific reason to question the Inspector's ability. 6.1.3.4 Inspectors shall have passed an eye examination with or without corrective lenses to prove: (1) near vision acuity of Snellen English, or equivalent, at 12 in., and (2) far vision acuity of 20/40, or better. An eye examination of all inspection personnel is required every three years or less, if necessary, to demonstrate adequacy. 6.1.3.5 Weld Engineering and/or Quality Engineering shall have authority to verify the qualification of Inspectors. 6.1.4 The Inspector shall ascertain that all fabrication and welding is performed in accordance with the requirements of the contract documents and this code.
6.1
General
6.1.1 For the purpose of this code, fabrication inspection and verification inspection are separate functions. Fabrication inspection shall be performed as necessary prior to assembly, during assembly, during welding, and after welding to ensure that materials and workmanship meet the requirements of the contract documents. Verification inspection is performed after manufacturing in a timely manner to avoid work delays. 6.1.2 Fabrication and verification inspection is the responsibility of the contractor and/or manufacturer. When the term Inspector(s) is used without further qualification, it applies equally to fabrication and verification within the limits of responsibility designated in 6.1.1. 6.1.3 Inspector Qualification 6.1.3.1 Inspectors responsible for acceptance or rejection of material and workmanship shall be qualified. The basis of Inspector qualification shall be documented. The following are acceptable qualification bases: (1) Current or previous certification as an AWS Certified Welding Inspector (CWI) in accordance with the provisions of AWS QCI, Standard and Guide for Qualification and Certification of Welding Inspectors, or (2) Current or previous qualification by the Canadian Welding Bureau (CWB) to the requirements of the Canadian Standard Association (CSA) Standard W178.2, Certification of Welding Inspectors, or (3) An engineer, technician, or operator who by training and experience in metals fabrication, inspection, and testing, is competent to perform inspection of the work, as described in this code.
6.2
Inspection of Welding Procedure Specification and Equipment
The contractor shall make certain that all welding is in accordance with a welding procedure specification that has been qualified in accordance with Section 3, Section 4, or Appendix B of this code.
6.3
Inspection of Welder, Welding Operator, and Tack Welder Qualifications
6.3.1 The contractor shall permit welding to be performed only by welders, welding operators, and tack welders who are qualified in accordance with the requirements of Section 4. 6.3.2 When the quality of a welder's, welding operator's, or tack welder's work appears to be below the requirements of this code, the contractor shall determine the cause and may require that the welder, welding operator, or tack welder demonstrate an ability to produce sound welds by means of a simple test, such as the fillet weld break test or by requiring complete requalification in accordance with Section 4. 6.3.3 The contractor shall require requalification of any welder, welding operator, or tack welder who has not used each process to be
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used in the construction under consideration for a period exceeding six months.
6.6
Nondestructive Testing
6.4
Inspection of Work and Records
6.4.1 As part of the visual inspection, the Inspector shall make certain that the size, length, and location of all welds conform to the requirements of this code, and to the detail drawings, and that no unspecified welds have been added without approval (with the exception of construction tack welds). 6.4.2 The Inspector shall examine the work to make certain that it meets the requirements of this section and Appendix B as applicable. The size and contour of welds shall be measured with acceptable gages. Visual inspection for cracks in welds and base metal and other discontinuities can be aided by a strong light, magnifiers, or such other devices as may be found helpful. 6.4.3 The contractor or manufacturer shall keep a record of qualifications of all welders, welding operators, and tack welders, all procedure qualifications or other tests that are made, and such other information as may be pertinent.
Acceptance criteria shall be as specified in this section. Welds subject to nondestructive testing shall have been found acceptable by visual inspection in accordance with Table 6.1. Except as noted below, welds subject to nondestructive examination may be tested immediately after the completed welds have cooled to ambient temperature. Acceptance criteria for ASTM A514 and A517 steels shall be based on nondestructive testing performed not less than 48 hours after completion of the welds. 6.6.1 Non-Critical Welds 6.6.1.1 For all existing engineering drawings, the current nomenclature, MIL-STD-1261, Class 1 shall be referred to as non-critical welds. 6.6.1.2 This class of welds applies to lowstressed joints in readily weldable steel alloys. It is applicable to all weld joints whose failure would not result in injury to personnel, or in unfulfillment of an assigned mission. This class of welds is not applicable to ballistic joints. Readily weldable steel alloys are those carbon steels having a carbon equivalent value not exceeding 0.40 weight percent (w/o). For low alloys steels, a carbon equivalent of .45 w/o is acceptable so long as the carbon content does not exceed .26 w/o and the phosphorus and sulfur do not exceed .06 w/o, each, and the thickness does not exceed 0.75 inch. Carbon equivalent (CE) is defined as:
CE = C + Mn Mo Cr Ni + Cu P + + + + 6 4 5 15 3
6.5
Obligations of the Contractor
6.5.1 In addition to the requirements of 6.1.1, the contractor shall be responsible for visual inspection and necessary correction of all deficiencies in materials and workmanship in accordance with the requirements of this section, and Appendix B as applicable. 6.5.2 The contractor shall comply with all requests of the Inspector to correct deficiencies in materials and workmanship as required in the contract documents. 6.5.3 If faulty welding or its removal for rewelding damages the base metal so that in the judgment of the Material Review Board (MRB) its retention is not in accordance with the intent of the contract documents, the contractor shall remove and replace the damaged base metal in a manner approved by the MRB. 6.5.4 When nondestructive testing other than visual inspection is specified in the information furnished to bidders, it shall be the contractor's responsibility to ensure that all specified welds meet the quality requirements of this section, and Appendix B as applicable.
Examples of weldments in this category include attachments, brackets, fenders, heaters, air ducts, safety shields, ammunition boxes, boiler casings, air vents, and most types of sheet metal assemblies. 6.6.1.3 In all drawings subsequent to this code, the weld instruction in the appropriate drawing or technical data package should be: Weld in accordance with Drawing 12479550, Ground Combat Vehicle Welding Code Steel, Non-Critical Welds. 6.6.1.4 The quality requirements for welds of this category shall be as found in Table 6.1. 6.6.2 Critical Welds 6.6.2.1 For all existing engineering drawings, the current nomenclature, MIL-STD-1261, Class 2,
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or MIL-STD-1261, Class 3 shall be referred to as critical welds. 6.6.2.2 This class of welds applies to highly stressed joints in readily weldable steel alloys, and to joints in steel alloys requiring special welding procedure controls. Readily weldable alloys are defined in 6.7.1.2. This class of weld is applicable to all weld joints where failure of the joint would likely result in personnel injury, loss of life, or a mission-critical failure. This class of welds is not applicable to ballistic joints. Examples of weldments in this category include highly stressed carriage and vehicle components and assemblies, leakproof containers, and pressure tight vessels. 6.6.2.3 In all drawings subsequent to this code, the weld instruction in the appropriate drawing or technical data package shall be: Weld in accordance with Drawing 12479550, Ground Combat Vehicle Welding Code Steel, Critical Welds. 6.6.2.4 The quality requirements for welds of this category shall be as found in Table 6.1 and Appendix B. 6.6.3 Ballistic Welds Ballistic weld requirements are described in Appendix B. 6.6.4 6.6.4.1 Procedures Radiographic Testing
6.6.4.3
Ultrasonic Testing.
When ultrasonic testing is used, the procedure and technique shall be as specified in Appendix B, B3.4. 6.6.4.4 Magnetic-Particle Testing. When magnetic-particle testing is used, the procedure and technique shall be in accordance with ASTM E1444. 6.6.4.5 Dye Penetrant Testing. For detecting discontinuities that are open to the surface, dye penetrant testing may be used. The standard methods set forth in ASTM E165 shall be used for dye penetrant inspection, and the standards of acceptance shall be in accordance with Table 6.1. 6.6.5 Personnel Qualification 6.6.5.1 Personnel performing nondestructive testing other than visual shall be qualified in accordance with the current edition of the American Society for Nondestructive Testing Recommended Practice No. SNT-TC-1A. Only individuals qualified for NDT Level I and working under the NDT Level II or individuals qualified for NDT Level II or Level III may perform nondestructive testing. 6.6.5.2 Certification of Level I and Level II individuals shall be performed by a Level III individual who has been certified by (1) The American Society for Nondestructive Testing, or (2) has the education, training, experience, and has successfully passed the written examination prescribed in SNT-TC-1A 6.6.5.3 Personnel performing nondestructive tests under the provisions of 6.6.5 need not be qualified nor certified under the provisions of AWS QCI.
When radiographic testing is used, the procedure and technique shall be in conformance with ASTM E142. 6.6.4.2 Radiation Imaging Systems. When examination is performed using radiation imaging systems, the procedures and techniques shall be in conformance with ANSI/AWS D1.1.
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Table 6.1 Visual Acceptance Criteria Matrix1,2,3 for all material thicknesses
(see 6.6)
Critical and Ballistic Welds, and Structural Tubular Connections X X X
Discontinuity Category and Acceptance Criteria (1) Crack Prohibition

The weld shall have no cracks.
Non-Critical Welds X X X
(2) Weld/Base-Metal Fusion

Thorough fusion shall exist between adjacent layers of weld metal and between weld metal and base metal.
(3) Crater Cross Section All craters shall be filled to the full cross section of the weld, except for the ends
of intermittent fillet welds outside of their effective length.
(4) Weld Profiles Weld profiles are as follows:

Fillet weld concavity is acceptable as long as the weld throat meets the size requirement. Fillet weld convexity may not exceed the following limits: For welds 1/4" or less, convexity shall not exceed 1/16". For welds greater than 1/4" and less than 3/4", convexity shall not exceed 1/8". For welds 3/4" and greater, convexity shall not exceed 3/16". Groove and butt welds must meet minimum size requirement and reinforcement shall not exceed 5/32". Groove and butt welds that require flush finish shall not reduce the thinner member by more than 1/32" for material 1/8" or greater in thickness. For materials less than 1/8" thick, the thinner member shall not be reduced by more than 10% of the thickness of the thinner member.
(5) Underrun (Undersize)

Fillet welds shall be permitted to be undersize by 15% or 1/16", whichever is less, provided the undersize condition does not exceed 10% of the weld length.
(6) Undercut
For materials less than 1/8", undercut shall not exceed 10% of the material thickness. For materials greater than or equal to 1/8" and less than 1" thick, undercut shall not exceed 1/32", except that a maximum 1/16" is permitted for no greater than 2" in any 12" of weld length. For materials equal to or greater than 1 undercut shall not exceed 1/16" for any length of weld.
(7) Undercut
Undercut shall not exceed 1/32" for materials greater than 1/8". For materials 1/8" or less undercut shall not exceed 10% of the material thickness.
(8) Porosity-individual Size and Sum Total

For all groove and fillet welds the maximum diameter of any pore shall not exceed 3/32". The sum of visible porosity equal to or greater than 1/32" shall not exceed 3/8" in any linear inch of weld and shall not exceed 3/4' in any 12" of weld length.
(9) Porosity Frequency

For fillet and groove welds, clustered porosity shall not exceed one occurrence in any 4" of weld length.
1. An "X" indicates applicability; a shaded area indicates non-applicability. 2. Visual inspection of welds in all steels may begin immediately after the completed welds have cooled to ambient temperature. Acceptance criteria for ASTM A514, A517, and A709 (Grades 100 and 100W steels shall be based on visual inspection performed no less than 48 hours after completion of the weld.
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3.
Requirements specified in the individual vehicle supplements take precedence in the event of a conflict.
Part B Radiographic Inspection 6.7 General
grinding. Other weld surfaces need not be ground or otherwise smoothed for purposes of radiographic testing unless surface irregularities between the weld and base metal obscure objectionable weld discontinuities. 6.9.3.1 Extension bars and run off plates shall be removed prior to radiographic inspection unless otherwise approved by the Weld or Quality Engineer. 6.9.3.2 When required by the technical data package, backing shall be removed and the surface shall be finished flush by mechanical means prior to radiography. 6.9.3.3 When weld reinforcement or backing, or both are not removed, steel shims which extend at least 1/8 in. beyond three sides of the required penetrameter shall be placed under the penetrameter so that the total thickness of steel between the penetrameter and the film is approximately equal to the average thickness of the weld measured through its reinforcement and backing. 6.9.4 Lead foil screens shall be used as needed. Fluorescent screens shall be permitted when approved by the procuring agency. 6.9.5 Radiographs shall be made with a single source of radiation centered as near as practicable with respect to the length and width of that portion of the weld being examined, and shall conform to the locations specified on the appropriate radiographic inspection drawing of the technical data package. 6.9.5.1 Gamma ray sources, regardless of size, shall be capable of meeting the geometric unsharpness requirement of Article 2, Section V of ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. 6.9.5.2 The source-to-subject distance shall not be less than the total length of film being exposed in a single plane. This provision does not apply to panoramic exposures made under the provisions of 6.9.8.1. 6.9.5.3 The source-to-subject distance shall not be less than seven times the thickness of the weld plus reinforcement and backing. 6.9.6 X-ray units may be used as a source for all radiographic inspection, provided they have adequate penetrating ability. Maximum permissible voltage depends on
6.7.1 The procedures and standards set forth herein govern radiographic testing of welds when such inspection is required by the contract documents. The requirements listed herein are specifically for testing welds in plates, shapes, and bars by X-ray or gamma-ray sources. The methodology shall conform to ASTM E94, Standard Recommended Practice for Radiographic Testing, and ASTM E142, Standard Method for Controlling Quality of Radiographic Testing, except as provided herein. 6.7.2 Variations in testing procedures, equipment, and acceptance standards may be used upon agreement between the contractor and the procuring activity. Such variations include, but are not limited to, the following unusual application of film; unusual penetrameter applications (including film side penetrameters and wire penetrameters); and radiographic testing of thicknesses greater than 6 in.
6.8
Extent of Testing
The extent of radiographic testing shall be as specified in the technical data package.
6.9
Radiographic Procedures
6.9.1 Radiographs shall be made using a single source of either X-ray or gamma radiation. The radiographic sensitivity shall be judged on the basis of the penetrameter images. The radiographic technique and equipment shall provide sufficient sensitivity to clearly delineate the required penetrameters and the essential holes as described in 6.9.7, Table 6.2 and Figure 6.3. Identifying letters and numbers shall show clearly in the radiograph. 6.9.2 Radiography shall be performed in accordance with all applicable safety requirements. 6.9.3 When the technical data package requires the removal of weld reinforcement, the welds shall be prepared for radiography by
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material thickness, as shown by ASME Section
V, Article 2.
Table 6.2 Penetrameter Requirements (see 6.9.1)

Nominal Material Thickness Range (in.) Up to 0.25 incl. Over 0.25 to 0.375 Over 0.375 to 0.50 Over 0.50 to 0.625 Over 0.625 to 0.75 Over 0.75 to 0.875 Over 0.875 to 1.00 Over 1.00 to 1.25 Over 1.25 to 1.50 Over 1.5 to 2.00 Over 2.00 to 2.50 Over 2.50 to 3.00 Over 3.00 to 4.00 Over 4.00 to 6.00 Penetrameter Identification 10 12 15 15 17 20 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 60 Penetrameter Thickness, in. 0.010 0.012 0.015 0.015 0.017 0.020 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.035 0.040 0.045 0.050 0.060 Essential Hole 4T 4T 4T 4T 4T 4T 4T 4T 2T 2T 2T 2T 2T 2T
6.9.7 For joints of approximately uniform thickness, a single penetrameter shall show clearly on each radiograph, as shown in Figure 6.1. When a transition in thickness occurs at a welded joint, each film shall clearly show one penetrameter on the thinner plate and one penetrameter on the thicker plate, as shown in Figure 6.2. Penetrameters shall be placed on the source side, parallel to the weld joint when possible, with the essential holes at the outer end as detailed in Figures 6.1 and 6.2. 6.9.7.1 The thickness of the penetrameter and the essential hole diameter shall be as specified in Table 6.2, except that a smaller essential hole or a thinner penetrameter, or both, may be selected by the contractor, provided all other provisions for radiography are met. The thickness of the weldment shall be measured as T1 or T2, or both, at the locations shown in Figures 6.1 or 6.2, and may be increased to provide for the thickness of allowable weld reinforcement, provided shims are used as specified in 6.9.3.3. Steel backing shall not be considered part of the weld or reinforcement in the penetrameter selection. The penetrameter representative of the maximum weld thickness may be placed on either the sloping surface within 1 in. of the fusion line, or on a shim of suitable thickness on thinner side. 6.9.7.2 Penetrameters for steel shall be manufactured from a radiographically similar steel alloy. Plaque type penetrameters shall conform to dimensions shown in Figure 6.3. For more detailed information, ASTM E142 should be consulted.
Each plaque type penetrameter shall be manufactured with three holes in accordance with Figure 6.3.
Figure 6.1 Radiographic Identification and Penetrameter Locations on Approximately Equal Thickness Joints (see 6.9.7)
6.9.7.3 Wire type penetrameter shall conform to the requirements of ASTM E747. 6.9.8 Welded joints shall be radiographed and the film indexed by methods that will provide complete and continuous inspection of the joint within the limits specified to be examined. Joint limits shall show clearly in the radiographs. Short film, short screens (except when required by the radiographic procedure), excessive undercut by scattered radiation, or any other process that
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obscures portions of the total weld length shall render the radiograph unacceptable.
(2) processing defects such as streaks, water marks, or chemical stains. (3) scratches, finger marks, crimps, dirt, static marks, smudges, or tears. (4) loss of detail due to poor screen-to-film contact. (5) false indications due to defective screens or internal faults.
6.9.11 Density Limitations. The transmitted film density through the radiographic image of the body of the required penetrameter(s) and the area of interest shall be 1.8 minimum (preferably in the range from 2.5 to 3.5) for single film viewing for radiographs made with an X-ray source and 2.0 minimum for radiographs made with a gamma-ray source. For composite viewing of double film exposures, the minimum density shall be 2.0. The maximum density shall be 4.0 for either single or composite viewing.
Figure 6.2 Radiographic Identification and Locations on Transitions Joints (see 6.9.7)
6.9.8.1 Except for spot radiography, films shall have sufficient length and shall be placed to produce at least 1/2 in. of film, exposed to direct radiation from the source, beyond each free edge where the weld is terminated. 6.9.8.2 To check for backscattered radiation, a lead symbol "B", 1/2 in. high, 1/16 in. thick shall be attached to the back of each film cassette. If the "B" image appears on the radiograph, the radiograph shall be unacceptable. 6.9.9 Film widths shall be sufficient to depict all portions of the welded joint, including the heataffected zones, and shall provide sufficient additional space for the required penetrameters and film identification. The penetrameter shall be placed at least 1/8 in., but not more than 1/4 in. from the weld edge, whenever possible. 6.9.10 Quality of Radiographs. All radiographs shall be free from mechanical, chemical, or other blemishes to the extent that they might mask or be confused with the image of any discontinuity in the area of interest in the radiograph. Such blemishes include, but are not limited to the following: (1) fogging.
The film shall be processed to develop a film blackening measured by the H&D radiographic density expressed as: D = H&D (radiographic)density = log10 (I0/I) where: I0 = light intensity on the film, and I = light transmitted through the film 6.9.12 Radiograph identification and location identification marks shall be placed on the weldment at each radiograph location, all of which shall show in the radiograph. The radiographic images shall be produced by placing lead numbers or letters, or any combination thereof, over each of the identical identification and location marks made on the weldment. The images provide the means for matching the developed radiograph with the weld. Additional identification information may be preprinted no less than 3/4 in. from the edge of the weld or produced on the radiograph by placing lead figures on the weldment. Information required to show on the radiograph shall include the contract identification, initial of the radiographic inspection company, initials of the fabricator, the fabricator shop order number, the radiographic identification mark, the date, and the weld repair number, if applicable.
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6.2
Figure 6.3 Penetrameter Design (see 6.9.7) 6.10 Acceptability of Welds 6.11 Examination, Report, and Disposition of Radiographs
Welds shown by radiographic testing to have discontinuities prohibited by the acceptance criteria (Part C), shall be corrected in accordance with 5.15. More dense inclusions shall be treated as porosity.
6.11.1 The contractor or manufacturer shall maintain a record of the welds or portions of welds subjected to radiographic inspection and include descriptions, pictures, or sketches of the discontinuity indications developed.
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6.11.2 The contractor shall provide a variable intensity illuminator (viewer) with spot-review or masked spot-review capability. The viewer shall incorporate a means for adjusting the size of the spot under examination. The viewer shall have sufficient capacity to properly illuminate radiographs with an H&D density of 4.0. Film review shall be done in an area of subdued light. 6.11.3 Before a weld subject to radiographic testing is accepted by the contractor, all of its radiographs, including any that show unacceptable quality prior to repair, and a report interpreting them, shall be submitted to the procuring activity upon request. 6.11.4 The contractor's or manufacturers obligation to retain radiographs shall cease 1 year after completion of the contract unless otherwise specified.
connections are described or referenced in this Part. 6.12.1 Visual All welds shall be visually inspected and found acceptable if they do not contain discontinuities that exceed the allowances in Table 6.1. 6.12.2 Liquid Penetrant and Magnetic-Particle Welds that are subject to penetrant or magneticparticle testing shall be evaluated to the applicable requirements for visual inspection. 6.12.3. Radiographic Welds that are subject to radiographic testing shall be evaluated to the applicable requirements on the basis of whether it is a partial penetration or full penetration weld. Partial penetration welds will be evaluated to Mil Std 1894 std. 3. Full penetration welds will be evaluated to Appendix B, Table B3.3 6.12.4 Ultrasonic Welds that are subject to ultrasonic testing shall be evaluated to the criteria specified in Appendix B, table 3.4.
Part C Acceptance Criteria 6.12 General
Acceptance criteria for visual and nondestructive inspection of non-critical, critical and ballistic
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7
7.1 Scope
Stud Welding
7.2.5 Ferrule Condition
Section 7 contains general requirements for stud welding any materials listed in Table 3.1, Appendix A, Mil-A-12560, and Mil-A-11356. (1) For workmanship, preproduction testing, operator qualification, and application qualification testing when required, all to be performed by the contractor. (2) For fabrication inspection and verification inspection of stud welding during production. (3) For mechanical properties of steel studs, and requirements for qualification of stud bases, all tests and documentation to be furnished by the stud manufacturer.
All ferrules shall be examined by the operator and deemed suitable for its intended use. 7.2.6 Arc Shield Removal After welding, arc shields shall be broken free from studs. 7.2.7 Acceptance Criteria The studs, after welding, shall be free of any discontinuities or substances that would interfere with their intended function and have a full 360 flash. However, nonfusion on the legs of the flash and small shrink fissures are acceptable.
In all drawings subsequent to this code, the weld shall be noted on the technical data package as follows: Weld in accordance with Drawing 12479550, Ground Combat Vehicle Welding Code Steel, Stud Welds.
7.3
7.3.1
Technique
Automatic Machine Welding
7.2
7.2.1
Workmanship
Cleanliness
At the time of welding, the studs shall be free from rust, rust pits, scale, oil, moisture, or other deleterious matter that would adversely affect the welding operation. 7.2.2 Coating Restrictions The stud base shall not be painted, galvanized, or cadmium-plated prior to welding. 7.2.3 Base-Metal Preparation The areas to which the studs are to be welded shall be free of scale, rust, moisture, paint, or other injurious material to the extent necessary to obtain satisfactory welds and prevent objectionable fumes. These areas may be cleaned by wire brushing, scaling, prick-punching, or grinding. Extreme care should be exercised when welding through metal decking. 7.2.4 Moisture. The arc shields or ferrules shall be kept dry. Any arc shields which show signs of surface moisture from dew or rain shall be oven dried at 250F (120C) for two hours before use.
Studs shall be welded with automatically timed stud welding equipment connected to a suitable source of direct current electrode negative power. Welding voltage, current, time, and gun settings for lift and plunge should be set at optimum settings, based on past practice, recommendations of stud and equipment manufacturer, or both. ANSI/AWS C5.4, Recommended Practices for Stud Welding, should also be used for technique guidance. 7.3.2 GTAW, GMAW, SMAW Fillet Weld Option.
At the option of the contractor, studs may be welded using qualified welding procedures. 7.3.2.1 Surfaces Surfaces to be welded and surfaces adjacent to a weld shall be free from loose or thick scale, slag, rust, moisture, grease, and other foreign material that would prevent proper welding or produce objectionable fumes. 7.3.2.2 Stud End For fillet welds, the end of the stud shall also be clean. 7.3.2.3 Stud Fit (Fillet Welds) For fillet welds, the stud base shall be prepared so that the base of the stud fits against the base metal.
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7.3.2.4
Fillet Weld Minimum Size

WASHER
STUD
When the fillet weld option is used, either the minimum size shall be specified on the drawing or studs welded by an optional method shall meet the same design intent. 7.3.2.5 Studs welded using processes other than stud welding shall be visually inspected to Visual Acceptance Criteria Matrix, Non-Critical (Table 6.1).
STEEL NUT NUT
SLEEVE
WELD AREA
MEMBER
7.4
7.4.1
Stud Application Qualification Requirements

Responsibilities for Tests
NOTE: THE DIMENSION SHALL BE APPROPRIATE TO THE SIZE OF THE STUD. THE THREADS OF THE STUD SHALL BE CLEAN AND FREE OF LUBRICANT OTHER THAN THE RESIDUE OF CUTTING OIL.
The contractor or stud applicator shall be responsible for the performance of these tests. Tests may be performed by the contractor or stud applicator, the stud manufacturer, or by another testing agency satisfactory to all parties involved. 7.4.2 7.4.2.1 Preparation of Specimens Test Specimens
Required torque for testing Threaded studs Nominal Diameter of Studs, In. 1/4 5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2 9/16 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 Threads per Inch & Series Designated 28 UNF 20 UNC 24 UNF 18 UNC 24 UNF 16 UNC 20 UNF 14 UNC 20 UNF 13 UNC 18 UNF 12 UNC 18 UNF 11 UNC 16 UNF 10 UNC 14 UNF 9 UNC 12 UNF 8 UNC Testing Torque, ft-lb Stainless Steel 10.9 9.2 20.7 18.7 37.1 32.7 58.9 52.3 91.6 80.7 130.8 117.7 183.1 160.3 320.5 287.8 510.1 462.2 758.6 693.2
To qualify applications involving materials listed in Table 3.1, Groups I and II, specimens may be prepared using ASTM A36 steel base materials or base materials listed in Table 3.1, Groups I and II. To qualify applications involving materials other than those listed in Table 3.1, Groups I and II, the test specimen base material shall be of the chemical, physical, and grade specifications to be used in production. 7.4.3 Number of Specimens Ten specimens shall be welded consecutively using recommended procedures and settings for each diameter, position, and surface geometry. 7.4.4 Test Required The ten specimens shall be tested using one or more of the following methods: bending, torquing, or tensioning. 7.4.5 7.4.5.1 Test Methods Bend Test
Steel 5.0 4.2 9.5 8.6 17.0 15.0 27.0 24.0 42.0 37.0 60.0 54.0 84.0 74.0 147.0 132.0 234.0 212.0 348.0 318.0
Studs shall be tested by alternately bending 30 in opposite directions in a typical test fixture as shown in Appendix D until failure occurs. Alternatively, studs may be bent 90 from their original axis. In either case, a stud application shall be considered qualified if fracture does not occur in the weld.
Figure 7.1 Torque Testing Arrangement and Table of Testing Torques (see 7.4.5.2)
7.4.5.2 Torque Test Studs shall be torque tested using a torque test arrangement, see Figure 7.1. A stud application shall be considered qualified if all test specimens
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are torqued to destruction without failure in the weld. 7.4.5.3 Tension Test. Studs shall be tension tested to destruction using any machine capable of supplying the required force. A stud application shall be considered qualified if the test specimens do not fail in the weld. A suitable test fixture can be found in Appendix D. The provisions of AWS C5.4, Recommended Practice for Stud Welding shall be used for additional guidance for tension testing 7.4.6 Qualification Test Data Qualification Test Data shall include the following: (1) Drawings that show shapes and dimensions of studs and arc shields. (2) A complete description of stud and base materials, and a description (part number) of the arc shield. (3) Welding position and settings (current, time). (4) A record, which shall be made for each qualification and shall be available for each contract.
7.5.1.4
Bending/Torque Test
In addition to visual examination, the test shall consist of bending or torquing the studs after they are allowed to cool. Bend to an angle of approximately 30 from their original axes by either striking the studs with a hammer on the unwelded end or placing a pipe or other suitable hollow device over the stud and manually or mechanically bending the stud. At temperatures below 50F, bending shall preferably be done by continuous slow application of load. For threaded studs, the torque test may be substituted for the bend test. 7.5.1.5 Event of Failure If on visual examination the test studs do not exhibit 360 flash, or if on testing, failure occurs in the weld zone of either stud, the procedure shall be corrected, and two more studs shall be welded to separate material or on the production member and tested in accordance with the provisions of 7.5.1.3 and 7.5.1.4. If either of the second two studs fails, additional welding shall be continued on separate plates until two consecutive studs are tested and found to be satisfactory before any more production studs are welded to the member. 7.5.2 Production Welding Once production welding has begun, any changes made to the welding set-up, as determined in 7.5.1, shall require that the testing in 7.5.1.3 and 7.5.1.4 be performed prior to resuming production welding. 7.5.3 Repair of Studs In production, studs on which a full 360 flash is not obtained may be repaired by adding the minimum fillet weld as required by 7.3.2 in place of the missing flash. The stud: a) may be either removed and replaced, or b) rewelded by another process with a continuous weld. Operator Qualification.
7.5
7.5.1 7.5.1.1
Production Control
Pre-Production Testing Start of Shift
Before production welding with a particular set-up and with a given size and type of stud, and at the beginning of each day's or shift's production, testing shall be performed on the first two studs that are welded. The stud technique may be developed on a piece of material similar to the production member in thickness and properties. If actual production thickness is not available, the thickness may vary 25%. All test studs shall be welded in the same position as required on the production member (flat, vertical, or overhead). See Appendix D. 7.5.1.2 Production Member Option Instead of being welded to separate material, the test studs may be welded on the production member, except when separate plates are required by 7.5.1.5. 7.5.1.3 Flash Requirement The test studs shall be visually examined. They shall exhibit full 360 flash.
7.5.4
The pre-production test required by 7.5.1, if successful, shall also serve to qualify the stud welding operator. Before any production studs are welded by an operator not involved in the preproduction set-up of 7.5.1, the first two studs welded by the operator shall have been tested in conformance with the provisions of 7.5.1.3 and 7.5.1.4. When the two welded studs have been tested and found satisfactory, the operator may then weld production studs.
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7.5.5
Removal Area Repair
If an unacceptable stud has been removed, the area from which the stud was removed shall be made smooth and flush. Where in such areas the base metal has been pulled out in the course of stud
removal, an approved repair process shall be used to fill the pockets, and the weld surface shall be flush.
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APPENDICES
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APPENDIX A Code Approved Base Metals and Filler Metals Requiring Qualification per Section 4
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Appendix A Code Approved Base Metals and Filler Metals Requiring Qualification per Section 4 Table M1 Carbon Steels
ASTM SPEC
A27 A29 A53 A106 A108
TYPE/ GRADE
65-35 and lower 1008 thru 1025 Type F Type S, Gr A Type E, Gr A A 1008 thru 1025 G1015CW G1018CW G1020CW 1,2,3 4,5 A B A B C D E Low Carbon T1 A C 60 A-1 WCA WCB WCC WPB Tp 1 Cl 1 A B C D C D A B C 6D 1 LCB LF1
UNS NUMBER
ASTM SPEC GROUP 1

A352 A366 A369 A372 A381
TYPE/ GRADE
LCA FPALCB FPB Type IFPA Type IIFPB All Classes A B C D E WPL6 55A 60 MT1010 1011 MT1015 MTX1015 1016 1017 1018 1020 MT1020 MTX1020 1025 1008 1010 MT1015 MTX1015 1016 1017 1018 1019 1020 MT1020 MTX1020 1021 1022 1023 1024 55 60 65 1008 MT1010 1012
UNS NUMBER
J02504 K02501 K03006 K03002 K04001 K03013 K01501 K02201 K02503 K05205 K02704 K02202 K02404 G10160 G10170 G10180 G10190 G15240 K02001 K02401 K02800 G10080 G10120
A109 A135
A139
A161 A178 A179 A181 A192 A210 A214 A216
A226 A234 A242 A266 A283
A284 A285 A333 A333 A350
J03000/1 G10080 thru G10250 Unlisted K02504 K02504 K02501 G10080 thru G10250 G10150 G10180 G10200 K02500 K01507 K03003 K03004 K03010 K03012 K01504 K11522 K01200 K03503 K01200 K03502 K01201 K02707 K01807 J02502 J03002 J02503 K01201 K03006 K11510 K03506 K02401 K02702 K01700 K02200 K02801 K03006 K03008 J03003 K03009
A414
A420 A442
A512
A513
A515
A519
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ASTM SPEC
TYPE/ GRADE
MT1015 MTX1015 1016 1017 1018/HR/CW 1019 1020/HR/CW MT1020 1021 1022/HR/CW 1025/HR/CW C1,CC A B
UNS ASTM NUMBER SPEC GROUP 1 (cont.)

G10170 G10180 G10190 G10200 G10210 G10220 G10250 K02504 K03005 K01506 K01807 K02707 K03007 K11224 K02701 G10080 to G10250 G10080 to G10250 K11500 K00040 J02504 K01701 K02203 A663 A668
TYPE/ GRADE
70 75 Cl B Cl. C CC60 CE55 CB60 CE60 CC65 CB65 CA55 A45 C55 B55 C60 A50 E55 B60 E60 C65 B65 A55 45 50 55 60 65 Tp B, Gr 35 B 36 Tp I 1009 1020 Class A All Classes Cl 2
UNS NUMBER
G10200 G10250 K02100 K02202 K02401 K02402 K02403 K02800 K02801 K01700 K01800 K02001 K02100 K02200 K02202 K02401 K02402 K02402 K02800 K02801 K03014 K03504 K03200 K02506 K03046 G10200
A519
A671
A521 A523 A526 A527 A539 A556 A557 A562 A568 A569 A573 A575 A576 A587 A619 A620 A660 A662
A672
A2 B2 B2
30-50 70 1008 thru 1025 1008 thru 1025
A675
A663
WCA A B 45 50 55 60 65
A694 A695 A696 A709 A727 A765 A827
A29 A105 A106
1026 thru 1030 C AH32 AH36 DH32 EH32 DH36 EH36 70 C WCC A234
A131
A181 A210 A216
MIL-S13281 QQ-S-698 GROUP 2 G10260 thru G10300 A266 K03504 A299 K03501 A321 K11846 K11852 K11846 A350 K11846 A352 K11852 A372 K11852 A414 K03502 K03501 A455 J02503 K03501 WPC
1033 1035 LF2 LCC II F G Cl AQ Cl B/BN
K03506 K02803 K05501 G10330 K03011 J02505 K04001 K03102 K03103 K03300 J02502 J03002
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ASTM SPEC
K03501 A500 A508 A512 A513 A515 A519 A521 A541 A556 A557 A576 A607
TYPE/ GRADE
Cl C/CN C Cl. 1 Cl. a1 1030 1030 Cl 3 Cl 4 70 1026/HR/CW 1030 1035 CI,CE Cl.1 Cl. 1A C2 C2 1026 thru 1030 60 65 70 A B C D E BQ CQ G Cl. Fa/b CD80 D80 A B
UNS ASTM NUMBER SPEC GROUP 2 (cont.)

J02503 K02705 K13502 G10300 K05001 K03017 K03101 G10260 G10300 G10350 K03506 K03006 K03505 G10260 to G10300 A618 A633 A660 A660 A662 A668 A671
TYPE/ GRADE
Ia B WCC WCB C D CD70 CC70 CK75 CB70 D70 C70 N75 70 75 CMSH-70 CMS-75 Tp B, 40/45 C 50,50W B A II Grade 60
UNS NUMBER
K02601 J02505 J03003 K02007 G10300 K03200 K12001 -
A672 A675 A691 A695 A696 A709 A737 A738 A765 A871
A611
GROUP 3
A487 A633 A668 A671 A672 A724 K11831 K12031 A691 A709 A737 A738 A738 A871 CMSH-80 65 C B C Grade 65 C K12202 -
GROUP 4
A724 -
Recommended Filler Metal Classifications for M1 Materials (See Note 1)

SMAW GMAW GTAW FCAW SAW AWS A5.1 AWS A5.5 AWS A5.18 AWS A5.28 AWS A5.20 AWS A5.29 AWS A5.17 AWS A5.23 E60XX, E70XX E70XX-X , E80XX-X ER70S-X ER80S-X E7XT-X E7XTX-X F7XX-EXXX F7XX-EXX-XX F8XX-EXX-XX
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Table M3 Alloy Steels

ASTM SPEC
A204 A209 A213 A217 A234 A242 A250 A335 A182 A204 A336 A387
TYPE/ GRADE
A T1 T1a T1b T2 WC1 WPI T-2 T2 T1 T1a T1b P1 F2 F1 B C F1 2 Cl2
UNS NUMBER
K11820 K11522 K12023 K11422 K11547 J12522 K12821 K12010 K11522 K11422 K11522 K12122 K12822 K12020 K12320 K12520 K12143
ASTM SPEC GROUP 1

A335 A352 A369 A387 A426 A672 A691
TYPE/ GRADE
P2 P15 LC1 FP1 FP2 Gr 2, Cl1 CP1 CP2 CP15 L65 CM-65 1/2 Cr, Cl1
UNS NUMBER
K11547 K11578 J12522 K11522 K15547 K12143 J12521 J11547 J11522 K11820 K11820 K12143
GROUP 2
A672 L70 L75 CM-70 CM-75 1/2 Cr, Cl.2 CM-70 CM-75 8620 8630 4145H 4150H 4340H 8650H Tp A, Cl.1 Tp A, Cl.2 Tp D,Cl.2 Tp B, Cl.1 Tp B, Cl.2 Tp C, Cl.1 Tp C, Cl.2 3 3A 2 2A 4130 K12020 K12320 K12020 K12320 K12143 K12020 K12320 G86200 G86300 G41450 G41500 G43400 G86500 K12521 K12521 K12529 K12539 K12539 K12554 K12554 K12045 K12045 K12765 K12765 G41300
A691
GROUP 3
A302 A B C D 4130 8620CW 4130 8620 8720 4130 3 3a 2 2a 4b 4130 4140 K12021 K12022 K12039 K12054 G41300 G86200 G41300 G86200 G87200 G41300 K12042 K12042 K12766 K12766 K22375 G41300 G41400 A519
A331 A322
A505 A507 A508
A533
A541 A829
A519

SMAW GMAW GTAW FCAW SAW AWS A5.5 AWS A5.28 AWS A5.29 AWS A5.23 E80XX-X,E90XX-X,E100XX-X, E110XX-X Low-Hydrogen Only ER80S-X, ER100S-X EXXTX-X FXXX-EXX-XX
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Table M4 Miscellaneous Steels and Ferrous Alloy Steels/Cast Steels

ASTM SPEC
A155
TYPE/ GRADE
1CR 1 1/4CR F11, Cl.1 F11, Cl.2 F11, Cl.3 F12, Cl.1 F12, Cl.2 T3b T11 A B F11 F11A F11B F12 FP11 FP12
UNS NUMBER
K21509 K11597 K11742 K12542 K11564 -
ASTM SPEC GROUP 1

A369
TYPE/ GRADE
FP3b FP11 FP12 11, Cl. 1 11, Cl. 2 12, Cl. 1 12, Cl. 2 C23 C24 P24 CP11 CP12 11C 1Cr 1.25Cr 1CF Cl.1 1CF Cl.2 B11 1 2 120-95 150-135
UNS NUMBER
K21509 K11597 J12080 J12092 K11591 J12072 J11562 K11797 K11535 K11540 -
A182
A387
A199 A202
A389 A405 A426 A541 A691 A739
A336
GROUP 2
A333 4 K11267 A423
GROUP 3
A148 90-60 105-85 115-95 A148 -

SMAW GMAW/GTAW FCAW SAW AWS A5.5 AWS A5.28 AWS A5.29 AWS A5.23 E80XX-X,E90XX-X,E100XX-X, E110XX-X Low-Hydrogen Only ER80S-X, ER100S-X EXXTX-X FXXX-EXX-XX
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Table M5 Chromium-Molybdenum Steels

ASTM SPEC
A155 A182
TYPE/ GRADE
2-1/4CR F21 F22 F22a T4 T21 T22 T4 T21 T22 T21 T22 WC9 WP22 T22 P21 P22
UNS ASTM TYPE/ NUMBER SPEC GRADE GROUP 1 (2%-4% Cr. Typical)
K31545 K21590 K31509 K31545 K21590 K31509 K31545 K21590 K31545 K21590 J21890 K21590 K31545 K21590 A336 F21 F21a F22 F22a FP21 FP22 21, Cl. 1 21, Cl.2 22, Cl.1 22, Cl.1 CP21 CP22 Cl. A/B/C Cl. F3V 2-1/4 Cr., Cl. 1 2-1/4 Cr., Cl. 2 3 Cr., Cl. 1 3 Cr., Cl. 2 B22 P5c P9 P91 P7 F5 F5a F9 FP5 FP9 5, Cl.1 5, Cl. 2 CP5 CP5b CP7 CP9 CP22 8N Cl. 3, Cl.4 5 Cr., Cl.1 5 Cr., Cl.2 F5
UNS NUMBER
K31545 K31545 K21590 K21590 K31545 K21590 K31545 K31545 K21590 K21590 J31545 J21890 J22091 K21590 K21590 K31545 K31545 K21390 K41245 S50400 S50300 K41545 K42544 K81590 K41545 K90941 K41545 K41545 J42045 J51545 J61594 J82090 J21890 J22091 K21590 -
A199
A369
A200 A213 A217 A234 A250 A335
A387
A426 A487 A508 A691 A739
GROUP 2(4%-10% Cr. Typical)

A182 F5 F5a F7 F9 T5 T7 T9 T5 T7 T9 T5 T5b T5C T9 T7 C5 C12 WP5 WP7 WP9 P5 P5b K41545 K42544 S50300 K90941 K41545 S50300 K81590 K41545 S50300 S50400 K41545 K51545 K41245 S50400 S50300 J42025 J82090 K41545 K90941 K41545 K51545 A335
A199
A336 A369 A387
A200
A213
A426
A217 A234 A335
A487 A542 A691

SMAW GMAW/GTAW FCAW SAW AWS A5.5 AWS A5.28 AWS A5.29 AWS A5.23 E80XX-X,E90XX-X,E100XX-X, E110XX-X Low-Hydrogen Only ER80S-X, ER100S-X EXXTX-X FXXX-EXX-XX
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Table M6 Chromium-Martensitic Steels

ASTM SPEC TYPE/ GRADE
F61, Cl. 1 F6a, Cl.4 F6B F6NM 410 410 409
UNS NUMBER
S41026 S41500,S42400 S41000 S41000 S40900
ASTM SPEC GROUP 1

A473
TYPE/ GRADE
410 403 409 410 403 414-T 403, Cl.1 410, Cl.1 429 430 420 405 S41500 414,temp. CA15 Cl. B CA15 Cl. C CA15 Cl.D CA15M Cl.A CA6NM Cl. A CA6NM Cl.B S41500 S41500
UNS NUMBER
S41000 S40300 S40900 S41000 S40300 S41400 S40300 S41000 S42900 S43000 S42000 S40500 S41500 S41400 J91151 J91540 J91540 S41500 S41500
A182 A240 A268
A473 A479
GROUP 2
A182 A240 A268 F429 429 429 S42900 S42900 A473
GROUP 3
A182 A217 A336 A426 A182 A240 A268 A352 A479 F6a, Cl.2 F6a, Cl.3 F6b CA-15 F6 CPCA15 F6NM S41500 S41500 CA6NM 414 temp. S41026 J41000 S41000 J91150 S41500 S41500 S41500 J91540 A479
A487
GROUP 4
A487 A731 A815

SMAW GMAW GTAW AWS A5.4 AWS A5.9 E4XX-XX ER4XX, ER4XX-X
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Table M7 Chromium-Ferritic Steels

ASTM SPEC
A240
TYPE/ GRADE
405 409 410S 405 409 S40800 430Ti F430 XM-8 S44400 430 XM-27 XM-33 439 430 XM-8 XM-30
UNS NUMBER
S40500 S40900 S41008 S40500 S40900 S40800 S43036 S43000 S44400 S43000 S43035 S43000 -
ASTM SPEC GROUP 1

A473
TYPE/ GRADE
405 410S 414 temp. 420, Full Hard 431 temp. 405
UNS NUMBER
S40500 S41008 S41400 S42000 S43100 S40500
A268
A479
GROUP 2
A182 A268 18 Cr-2M 439 XM-8 XM-27 430 S44400 (18Cr.-2Mo) XM-8 439 S44400 S43035 S43000 S44400 S43035
A240
A479
A731 A803
A268 A429
GROUP 3

SMAW GMAW GTAW AWS A5.4 AWS A5.9 E430 ER430
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Table M8 Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steels

ASTM SPEC TYPE/ GRADE
301 302 302B 304LN 305 308 309 319S 309Cb 310 310S 310Cb 316LN 316Cb 317L XM-15 304 F304 F304H F304L F304N F316 F316H F316L F316N F321 F321H F347 F347H F348 F348H 304LN S30600 316H 302 304LN S30600 316H 316Cb 316Ti 317L XM-15 XM-21 304H 304LN 316LN
UNS NUMBER
S30100 S30200 S30215 S30500 S30800 S30900 S31008 S31000 S31008 S31703 S38100 S30400 S30400 S30409 S30403 S30451 S31600 S31609 S31603 S31651 S32100 S32109 S34700 S34709 S34800 S34809 S30453 S30600 S31609 S30200 S30453 S30600 S31609 S31640 S31635 S31703 S34809 S30452 S30409 -
ASTM SPEC GROUP 1

A270
TYPE/ GRADE
304 FP304H FP304N FP316 FP316H FP316N FP321 FP321H FP347 304LN S30600 316H 317L CF3 CF3A CF8 CF8A CF3M CF8M/CG8M CF8C CF10/CF10M 304LN 304L 304N 316 316N 316L 316LN 316H 317 321 321H 347 347H 348 348H 316H 16-8-2H WP304 WP304L WP304H WP304N WP304LN WP316 WP316L WP 316H WP316N WP316LN
UNS NUMBER
S30400 S30409 S30451 S31600 S31609 S31651 S32100 S32109 S34700 S30453 S31609 S31609 S31703 J92500 J92500 J92600 J92800 J92900 J92710 S30453 S30403 S30451 S31651 S31653 S31700 S32100 S32109 S34700 S34709 S34800 S34809 S31609 S30451 S30403 S30409 S30451 S30453 S31600 S31603 S31609 S31651 S31653
A304
A167
A312
A167/A213/ A217
A351
A358
A182/336
A358/A376 /A409
A213
A376
A240
A403
A240/A249/ A269 A269
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ASTM SPEC
TYPE/ GRADE
WP317 WP317L WP321 WP321H 316H 16-8-2H FP16-8-2H FP304 F10 F45 F310 309H 309S 310Cb 310S 309HCb 310H 310HCb S30815 309S 309H 309Cb 309HCb 310S 310Cb S30815 309S 309H 309Cb 309HCb 310S 310H 310Cb 310HCb CH8 CH20 CK20 S30815 309 309S FXM-11 FXM-19 201 Type 2 201-1 Type 202 Type XM-19 Type XM-17
UNS NUMBER
ASTM SPEC
TYPE/ GRADE
FP347H CPF8 CPF8A CPF8C CPF8M CPF3 CPF3M CPF3A 309Cb 310 310S 310Cb WP309 WP310 S30815 TP309S TP309Cb TP310S TP310Cb S30815 TP309S TP309Cb TP310S TP310Cb CPH8 CPH20 CPK20 309 309S 310 310S S30815 309S 310S S30815 TP309S TP309Cb TP310S TP310Cb
UNS NUMBER
S34709 J92600 J92600 J92710 J92900 S30940 S31000 S31008 S31040 S30900 S31000 S30815 S30908 S30940 S31008 S31040 S30815 S30908 S30940 S31008 S31040 J93400 J93402 J94202 S30900 S30908 S31000 S31008 S31008 S30815 S30908 S30940 S31008 S31040
A403 A409 A430
GROUP 1 (CONT) S31700 A430 S31703 S32100 S32109 A451 S30400
GROUP 2
A182 S33100 S30815 S30908 S30909 S30940 S30949 S31008 S31040 S30815 S30908 S30909 S30940 S30941 S31008 S31009 S31040 S31041 J93400 J93400 J94202 S30815 S30900 S30908 S20910 S20100 S20200 S20910 S21600 A358
A213
A403
A240
A409
A451
A312
A473
A479
A351
A813/A814
A358
GROUP 3
A182 A213/ A249 A240 /A249 A240/A249 Type XM-18 S21800 Type XM-29 XM-11 XM-19 XM-29 S21603 S21800 S24000 20910 S20400
A312
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ASTM SPEC
TYPE/ GRADE
FXM-19 FXM-11 S21800 XM-11 XM-29 CG6MMN XM-19 XM-29 WPXM-19 F44 S01815 S31725 S31726 S31254 S31725 S31726 S31254 S31725 S31726
UNS ASTM NUMBER SPEC GROUP 3 (CONT)

S20910 S21904 S21800 S21904 S24000 J93790 S22100 S28300 S20910 S01815 S31725 S31726 S31254 S31725 S31726 S31254 S31725 S31726 A479 A666 A688 A813/A814 S20100 S21904
TYPE/ GRADE
XM-19 201 XM-11 XM-29 TPXM-19 TPXM-11 TPXM-29 XM-17 XM-18 F46 S31254 S31725 S31726 S31725 S31726 S31254 S31725 S31726 S31254
UNS NUMBER
S20910 S20100 S21904 S24000 S20910 S21903 S24000 S21600 S21603 S31254 S31725 S31726 S31725 S31726 S31254 S31725 S31726 S31254
A336
A351 A358 A403 A182 A213
GROUP 4
A336 A358 A376 A479 A813/A814
A240/A249
A312/A409
Recommended Filler Metal Classifications for M8 Materials (See Note1)

SMAW GMAW/GTAW FCAW AWS A5.4 AWS A5.9 AWS A5.22 E3XX-X ER3XX E3XXT-X
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Table M11 Quench and Temper/Age Hardening Alloy Steels

ASTM SPEC
A333 A334 A353 A420 A645 A487 Cl. 4Q Cl. 4QA Cl.3 A Cl.3 B Cl.3 C Cl. 4 Cl. 4a Cl. 5 Cl. 5a Cl. 1 Cl. 2 Tp. B Cl. 1 Tp. B Cl.2 HY-80 HY-100 HY-80 K12521 K12539 K12554 K22375 K22375 K42365 K42365 -
TYPE/ GRADE
8 8 WPL8
UNS ASTM NUMBER SPEC GROUP 11A Subgroup 1

K81340 K81340 K81340 K81340 K41583 A522 A553
TYPE/ GRADE
Tp. I Tp. II Tp. I Tp. II
UNS NUMBER
K81340 K71340 K81340 K71340
GROUP 11A Subgroup 2 GROUP 11A Subgroup 3

A487 Gr. 4, Cl. B Gr. 4, Cl. E Cl.3 D J100 J13047 J13047 K12529 K12521
GROUP 11A Subgroup 4

A533 A533 A672

A352 A543 A508 LC2-1 Cl. 3 B Cl. 3 C Cl. 1 C Tp. B Cl.3 Tp. C Cl.1 Tp. C Cl.2 Tp. C Cl.3 HY-80 HY-100 HY-80 HY-100 100 100W J42215 K42338 K42338 K42338 K31820 K31820 K32045 -

A542 A543 A543
GROUP 11A-1
Mil-S-16216 Mil-S-23008/9 Mil-S-23284 A514 J42015 J42240 J42015 Various K11856 K11872 K11646 K11523 K11682 K21604 K21604 Mil-S-24451 Mil-S-21952 A709 A709
GROUP 11B Subgroup 1

All Grades A G H K L Q E All Grades 9630 HY-130 HSLA 80 A B Cl. 1 HSLA 100
A517

A513 A517 A592 Mil-S-24371 Mil-S-24645 Mil-S-13281 Mil-S-24645 A592 E K11695

A709 G100/G100Q
GROUP 11B-1
K51255
GROUP 11C
Mil-S-13281 A710 B Cl. 2 C A, Cl. 1 and 3 -
GROUP 11D
-
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Recommended Filler Materials Classifications for M11 Materials (See Note 1)

SMAW GMAW/GTAW FCAW SAW AWS A5.5 AWS A5.28 AWS A5.29 AWS A5.23 E80XX-X,E90XX-X,E100XX-X E110XX-X,E120XX-X ER1XXS-1,ER1XXS-2 E10XTX-X, E11XTX-X F8XX-EXX-XX,F10XX-EXX-XX, F11XX-EXX-XX
Note 1 The specified filler metal will be identified on the applicable PQRs and WPSs. Dissimilar metals joining will use industry-recommended filler metals.
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APPENDIX B Welding of Armor Steel
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Appendix B Welding of Armor Steel

B1 INTRODUCTION B2
B2.1 This appendix establishes the methods for the welding of homogeneous steel armor, ballistic test requirements, and inspection criteria for evaluation of weldments employed in the fabrication of homogeneous steel armor. B1.1 Application B1.1.1 For all existing engineering drawings, the current specifications, MIL-STD-1941, or MIL-STD1185, or their predecessors shall be equivalent to this requirement, provided the weld joint is shown in Appendix B. B1.1.2 This class of weld is applicable to weld joints that are critical to the ballistic integrity of a structure. Weld joints that are not exposed to ballistic attack may be specified with non-ballistic weld classes. Non-ballistic weld classes, as defined In 6.6.1 (non-critical) and 6.6.2 (critical), may be specified for those weld joints which are not critical to the ballistic integrity of a structure. B1.1.3 In all drawings subsequent to this code, the weld instruction on the appropriate drawing or technical data package shall be: Weld in accordance with Drawing 12479550, Ground Combat Vehicle Welding Code Steel, Ballistic Welds. B1.2 Base Metal B1.2.1 The base metal to be welded under this code shall be limited to those listed below: (1) MIL-A-11356 Armor, Steel, Cast, Homogeneous, Combat Vehicle Type (1/4 to 8 inches, inclusive) (2) MIL-A-12560 Armor, Steel Plate, Wrought, Homogeneous, Combat Vehicle Type (1/4 to 6 inches, inclusive) (3) MIL-A-46100 High Hardness Armor Plate, Steel, Wrought,
REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
Issues of Documents
The following documents, in addition to those of Section B1.2.1, of the issues in effect on date of the contract form a part of this appendix to the extent specified herein. B2.1.1 Military Documents MIL-STD-1894 Radiographic Reference Standards and Radiographic Procedures for Partial-Penetration Steel Welds. B2.1.2 Other Publications The following documents form a part of this appendix to the extent specified herein. B2.1.2.1 American Society for Testing And Materials (ASTM)
ASTM E142 Standard Method for Controlling Quality of Radiographic Testing ASTM E165 Standard Practice for Liquid Penetrant Inspection Method ASTM E340 Macroetching Metals and Alloys ASTM E390 Reference Radiographs for Steel Fusion Welds ASTM E1444 Standard Practice for Magnetic Particle Examination
(4) MIL-A-46177 Armor, Steel Plate and Sheet, Wrought, Homogeneous (1/8 to less than 1/4 inch thick)
B1.2.2 Combinations of armor and non-armor base metals may be welded together, provided the welding procedures are qualified in accordance with Section 4 of this code. B1.2.3 Extension bars, and run-offs shall be of the same material as qualified on the PQR.
B2.1.2.2 American Welding Society (AWS) ANSI/AWS A5.2 Carbon and Low Alloy Bare Gas Welding Rods ANSI/AWS A5.4 Stainless Steel Covered Arc Welding Electrodes ANSI/AWS A5.5 Low Alloy Steel Covered Arc Welding Electrode ANSI/AWS A5.17 Carbon Steel Electrodes and Fluxes for Submerged Arc Welding ANSI/AWS A5.18 Carbon Steel Electrodes for Gas Shielded Arc Welding ANSI/AWS A5.20 Carbon Steel Electrodes for Flux Cored Arc Welding ANSI/AWS A5.22 Flux Cored Corrosion-Resisting and Cr-Ni Electrodes ANSI/AWS A5.23 Low Alloy Steel Electrodes and Fluxes for Welding ANSI/AWS A5.28 Low Alloy Steel Electrodes for Gas Shielded Arc Welding ANSI/AWS A5.29 Low Alloy Steel Electrodes for Flux Cored Arc Welding American National Standards Institute (ANSI) ANSI Y14.5 Dimensioning and Tolerancing
B2.1.2.3
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B3
B3.1
REQUIREMENTS
Weldments
45 MAX
The steel armor and steel for attachments to be used in the fabrication of weldments shall conform to the requirements of the applicable drawing, contract or order. Deviation in specified compositional requirements for materials shall not be permitted unless specifically approved by the procuring activity. B3.2 Armor Unless otherwise specified in the contract, order or drawing, steel armor shall be welded in the fully heattreated condition. B3.3 Preparation of Welding Procedures and Drawings
1/8 1/4
45 MAX
1/4 -1/8 ROOT OPENING PRIOR TO WELDING
+1/16
Figure B3.1 Specimen for Ballistic Armor Welder Qualification (see B3.4)
B3.5.1 Heating of Weldments
Prior to the production fabrication of any weldment, the contractor shall prepare, in accordance with DoDD-1000, a drawing of the structure showing the location of each joint. The contractor also shall establish a welding procedure specification (WPS) to cover all welding (including a general outline for the repair of base metal and welded joints) to be performed under this document. These documents require the approval of the procuring activity. B3.4 B3.4.1 Welders or Welding Operator Test Plate Requirements
Welding shall not be performed when the ambient temperature of the weldment is below 55F. Unless otherwise specified on the drawing or by the procuring activity, general or local preheating, post heating and interpass temperature shall not be performed above 500F, nor shall the time at temperature exceed 1/2 hour per inch of material thickness. Mil-A-46100 materials shall be restricted to a maximum of 300F for preheat and interpass temperature B3.5.2 Welding Attachments to Armor Ballistically qualified weld procedures shall provide qualification of welding attachments to armor, provided a macro specimen is approved by an authority defined in 6.1.3.1. Preheat above 60 degrees F is not required for M1 and M8 attachments with maximum 3/8 single pass weld. B3.6 B3.6.1 Ballistic Test Plates Submission
As a minimum for determining qualification, the welders shall weld the specimen shown in Figure B3.1. The test plate must be at least 12 inches in length and may be made from Appendix A, M1 or armor material. For positions and processes see section 4 of this code. B3.4.2 Test Plate Acceptance All test plate shall be visually inspected per Table 6.1, Critical and Ballistic prior to radiographic inspection. All test plate shall be radiographically evaluated to Table B3.3. The first and last inch of the test plate are excluded from evaluation. B3.5 Ballistic Requirements The specific information required for ballistic weld qualification shall be prepared in duplicate on a form included in Appendix C. The cover sheet shall be signed by the manufacturer and the contractor and shall be submitted to the procuring activity for review and approval.
The forms illustrated in Appendix C shall be used for ballistic qualification test plate submission. The completed forms with a cover letter shall be submitted to the procuring activity for review. The cover sheet shall include the contract number, a description of the vehicle weldment, and the date submitted. The cover sheet shall be signed by the contractor and the manufacturer, if other than the contractor. The ballistic test plate and the forms listed below shall be forwarded to the TACOMapproved test agency. Armor Welding Data Sheet 1 Armor Welding Data Sheet 2 Armor Welding Data Sheet 3 (Radiographic Report)
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2 Dia
3 b
B3.6.2 Macro Specimens One macro specimen shall be made for each type of joint included in the welding procedure. This specimen may be cut from the ballistic test plate so long as the dimensions of Figure B3.2 are met. As an alternative, the sample may be fabricated from the material type(s) listed in Table 3.1 or Appendix A, Table M1 Materials (all groups). B3.7 Ballistic Testing Requirements B3.7.1 Test Plates Dimensions The minimum test plate shall be constructed to the form and dimensions shown in Figure B3.2. The thickness of the ballistic test plate relative to the joint thickness of the plate shall be as shown in Table B3.1. B3.7.2 Number of Test Plates Joint Types When joint types shown in Figures B3.4, B3.5, B3.6, B3.7, B3.8, B3.9 or B3.10, or when partial penetration groove welds are included in a welding procedure, one ballistic test plate of the maximum T thickness (not to exceed 1-1/2 in.) and one test plate of the minimum T thickness, not less than 1/2 in., involved in any one of these joint types shall be prepared. For MIL-A-46100 material, the maximum thickness ballistically tested shall not exceed 1/2 in. Different Armors Ballistic test plates shall be prepared for each type and class of armor used. A combination of armor materials may be tested to qualify more than one armor material type with one test. B3.7.3 Fabrication of Test Plates Groove Joint Types of Figures B3.4 and B3.5 The test plates shall conform to the design of Figure B3.4, Type 1, with the minimum included angle, minimum root opening, and maximum root face specified in the dimensional requirements in the welding procedure specification. Groove Joint Types of Figures B3.6 and B3.8 The test plates shall conform to the design for the joint type of Figure B3.5, with the minimum included angle, minimum root opening and maximum root face specified in the dimensional requirements in the welding procedure specification.
36 e f
18 c 12 12 d 12
Figure B3.2 Ballistic Test Plate (see B3.6.2 and B3.7.1) Table B3.1 Thickness of Ballistic Test Plates (see B3.7.1)
Maximum or minimum T thickness of plate in joint, in. 1/8 to 3/4 excl. 3/4 to 1-1/8 excl. 1-1/8 to 1-3/8 excl Equal or greater than 1-3/8
Notes:
1. For cast and rolled armor, the material thickness specification shall be applied. 2. Before welding, cast or rolled plates 18 by 40 in. or smaller, shall have a maximum out-of-flatness tolerance of 1/16 in. in any direction. Plates 36 by 36 in. shall have a maximum out-of-flatness tolerance of 1/8 in. in any direction. 3. For cast armor, 1 in. plate shall be used. 4. Ballistic test plate thickness may equal the armor thickness for production use provided it is no less than 1/2 in. or no more than 1 in. Striking velocities shall be adjusted in accordance with footnotes 1(a) and 1(b) of Table B3.2.
Thickness of ballistic test plate1,2,4 in. 1/23 1 1-1/4 1-1/2
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Table B3.2 Requirements for Ballistic Tests (see B3.7.6)

Thickness of plate, in. 1-1/2 1-1/2 1-1/4 1-1/4 1 1 1/2
Notes: 1
Type of homogeneous armor Rolled Cast Rolled Cast Rolled Cast Rolled
Projectile 75 mm PP M1002 75 mm PP M1002 75 mm PP M1002 75 mm PP M1002 57 mm PP M1001 57 mm PP M1001 37 mm HE M54
Striking Velocity1, f/s + 25 f/s 1200 1050 1080 945 1050 975 2526
Maximum Allowable Weld Cracking2, in. 15 10 15 10 9 6 15
If the actual plate thickness is more than the nominal thickness, the test striking velocity shall be increased. If the actual plate thickness is less than the nominal thickness, the test striking velocity shall be decreased. a. For cast armor only the correction factor shall be 6 f/s of velocity for each 0.01 in. deviation in plate thickness. b. For rolled armor only the correction factor shall be 7 f/s velocity for each 0.01 in. deviation in plate thickness. Typical crack situations are illustrated in Figure B3.3
1/8
Figure B3.3 Examples of Weld Cracks That Can Occur From Projectile Impact, and Indication of Measurement of Total Weld Crack for Acceptance Purposes (See B3.7.5 and Table B3.2)
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Type 1 Ballistic Joint
Type 2 Ballistic Joint
Figure B3.4 Single Groove Welds (see B3.7.2)

Joint No 4A 4B 4C Plate Thickness, T (Inch) <3/8 3/8 to 5/8 >5/8 to 1 Min. Fillet Size, S (Inch) 3/16 1/4 5/16
Figure B3.6 Type 4 Ballistic Joint (see B3.7.2)

Groove Joint Types of Figures B3.7 and B3.9 The test plates shall conform to the design for the joint type of Figure B3.5, with the minimum included angle, minimum root opening and maximum root face specified in the dimensional requirements in the welding procedure specification. Preparation of the Ballistic Test Plate Each ballistic test plate shall be welded in accordance with the contractors welding procedure. The ballistic test plate, shown in Figure B3.2, shall be prepared by welding sections ac and bd completely on both sides before welding crossbar ef". Each section and the crossbar shall be started at the same preheat or ambient temperature, 5F.
Joint No.
Design Opening, Y (+3/16, -1/16 Inch) 3/16 1/4 5/16
Plate Thickness, T (Inch) 3/8 to 1 >1 to 1 1/2 >1 1/2
3A 3B 3C
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Welding in the crossbar prior to completion of the legs `shall not extend for more than 2 in. in either direction and shall be prepared in such a manner to leave at least 8 in. of continuous, open groove before starting to weld the crossbar. For all welding, the interpass temperature of the plate shall not exceed the maximum allowable interpass temperature as stated in the welding procedure. The interpass temperature of the base metal shall be measured immediately before deposition of each bead at a point lying approximately 3 in. from the center of each weld joint. Identification Marking of Test Plates Each ballistic test plate shall be marked clearly for easy identification on the front surface of the plate.
45 - 0
+15
1/4 MIN T 0 to 1/8 S
Joint No. 6A 6B 6C 6D
Plate Thickness, T (Inch) 3/8 to 5/8 >5/8 to 3/4 >3/4 to 1 1/2 >1 1/2
Min. Fillet Size, S (Inch) 1/4 3/8 1/2 1/2
+1/16 3/16 -1/8
CJP

Marking shall be in letters not less than 1 in. high and shall include the number of the plate, the manufacturers name, the contractors name, and a designation showing the front of the plate. The number of the plate and the contractors name shall also be stamped into the metal or painted in the upper right corner. All markings shall be fully legible. Painted markings shall not be obliterated in normal handling. The front of the ballistic plate shall be determined as follows: a. Double Groove Joints The front of the ballistic test plate is considered to be the surface on which welding (excluding tacking) is begun on each leg and on the crossbar. b. Single Groove Joints The front of the ballistic test plate is considered to be the outside or ballistically exposed surface containing the wide side of the groove.
Note: T1 T
T1
Joint No. 5A 5B 5C
Plate Thickness, T (Inch) <3/8 >3/8 to 5/8 >5/8 to 1
Min. Fillet Size, S Inch 1/4 3/8 1/4
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Marking of Retest Plates When two ballistic test plates are submitted for retest, both shall be marked with the number of the original rejected plate as well as the new numbers with the suffix R indicating retest. B3.7.4 Ballistic Test Requirements A properly executed checklist for armor data as shown in this appendix shall be submitted with each ballistic test plate. B3.7.5 Ballistic Testing Unless otherwise specified, ballistic test plates shall be forwarded to the TACOM approved test agency. Allowable cracking The ballistic test plates shall meet the weld cracking requirements of Figure B3.3 after being subjected to ballistic shock. Magnetic particle or dye penetrant test In borderline cases, where crack length measured by visual observation is close to the maximum allowable, the area in the vicinity of the crack ends shall be inspected with magnetic particles in accordance ASTM-E1444 or with liquid dye penetrant in accordance with ASTM-E165, to assure an accurate determination of the crack length. B3.7.6 Test Method The ballistic test plates shall be supported solidly on each of the two sides normal to the line of fire and parallel to the longest welds, with these welds upright and subjected to ballistic shock in accordance with Table B3-2. Plates of thicknesses not covered by Table B3-1 shall be tested as directed by the procuring activity. Test Decision on Additional Impacts When a test plate is declared no test, as defined in paragraph B3.7.7, Part C, after being shocked by the impact of the first projectile, but the condition of the plate will permit additional impacts, the plate shall be evaluated on the results of the first additional impact meeting the requirements for velocity and location in accordance with the following criteria: a. When cracking exceeds that allowed by Table B3.2, the qualification decision shall be no test. b. When cracking does not exceed that allowed by the specification, the qualification decision shall be satisfactory.
Joint No 7A 7B 7C 7D 7E 7F 7G 7H
Design Opening, Y, (Inch) 3/16 3/16 3/16 3/16 1/4 1/4 1/4 5/16
Plate Thickness , T, (Inch) 3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 1 1 1/4 1 1/2 > 1 1/2
Min. Fillet Size, S, (Inch) 1/4 5/16 3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 7/8
Min. Fillet Size S1, (Inch) 1/4 1/4 1/4 3/4 5/16 5/16 5/16 5/16

c. Direct Impact The direct impact of the 75-mm PP M1002 or the 57-mm PP M1001 shall contact a part of the weld to be considered as conforming to the requirements of the ballistic test. Contact of the weld by any part of the
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Joint No. 10A 10B 10C 10D 10E
Plate Thickness, T (Inch) <3/8 3/8 to 5/8 5/8 to 1 1 to 1 1/2 >1 1/2
Min. Flange Lap, L (Inch) 1/4 5/16 3/8 1/2 5/8
Min. Fillet Size, S (Inch) 3/16 5/16 1/2 7/8 1
Figure B3.10 Type 10 Continuous Fillet Weld Ballistic Joint (see B3.7.2)
projectile that spreads after impact will not satisfy the test requirements. d. Point of impact The point of impact of the 37 mm HE projectile M54 shall be within 1-3/4 in. of the weld, as measured from the center of the point of impact to the center of the weld, to be considered as conforming to the requirements of the ballistic test. e. Unacceptable and acceptable impacts Impacts less than 6 in. from the top or bottom edge of the plate that cause excessive weld or plate cracking shall be considered as failing to meet the requirements of the test. If, however, the cracking is not excessive and the requirements of parts c and d above are met, the impact shall be considered as acceptable. a. Parallel Cracks Cracks in the armor parallel to the weld and within 1/8 inch of the edge of the weld shall be considered as part of the total weld cracking area. b. Cracks Outside the Acceptable Limits For Impacts Any length of weld cracking revealed as a result of an impact which does not conform with paragraph B3.7.6 parts c or d, whichever is applicable, but which is otherwise acceptable per paragraph B3.7.6 part e shall be cause for rejection of the welding procedure. c. Conditions For a No Test Decision When test conditions are such that the level of performance of welding procedure represented by the plate cannot be determined, a no test decision shall be rendered. The conditions for this decision are as follows: The point of impact of the projectile is not located within the distance limits specified in paragraph B3.7.6, parts c or d, and cracking in excess of specified limits does not occur.
B3.7.7 Evaluation of Test Results The plates shall not exceed the requirements for maximum weld cracking specified in Table B3.2 and are subject to the interpretations in a and c, below.
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The striking velocity of the projectile is above the maximum allowed and excessive cracking occurs. The striking velocity of the projectile is below the minimum allowed and excessive cracking does not occur. The location of the center of impact of the projectile is less than 6 in. from the top or bottom edge of the plate and excessive cracking occurs. Excessive cracking occurs from an impact subsequent to the first impact when more than one is required. Cracks in the plate occur which are greater than 6 in. and do not pass through the center of impact. Cracking of the plate occurs outside a circle of 6 in. radius, the center of which is the center of impact, and excessive weld cracking has not occurred. In this event the cracked plate shall be subjected to a ballistic limit test in accordance with the applicable material specification. If the plate passes the ballistic limit requirements, the welding procedure is acceptable, otherwise (ballistic limit failure) a no test decision shall be rendered. B3.7.8 Visual Examination of Test Plates All welds in the ballistic test plate shall be examined visually before shipment to the designated proving ground. All welds shall be acceptable to Table 6.1. B3.7.9 Radiographic Inspection of the Test Plate
B3.7.10
Repair of Test Plate
Weld repair on a test plate shall not exceed a total length of 8 in. The same area shall not be repaired more than twice. The reason(s) for, extent of, and location of repairs shall be reported on a separate sheet of paper and attached to the checklist for armor. B3.7.11 Rejection of Ballistic Test Plate Failure of any ballistic test plate to pass either the ballistic test or the radiographic inspection at the test agency shall be cause for rejection of the welding procedure. B3.7.12 Retests Retests may be made upon the request of the contractor. Two additional test plates shall be made using the welding procedure and marked in accordance with paragraph B3.7.3, Identification Marking of Retest Plates, and submitted to the test agency for retest. Failure of either or both of these plates shall be cause for rejection of the welding procedure represented. B3.8 B3.8.1 Radiographic Procedure Radiographic Drawings
A radiographic drawing shall be submitted to the cognizant procuring activity for review in establishment of radiographic standards. The radiographic drawing shall be prepared by the design agency containing the following: a. Identification, by letter or number, of the joint(s) to be radiographed. b. Identification of positions by letter or number. c. Cross-section of the joint(s) showing the identification and type of the joint(s), either by symbol, letter, or number. d. A table entitled Routine Positions e. A table entitled Random Positions f. Notes, reading as follows: 1. All radiographs shall conform to the acceptance requirements of Table B3-3 and ASTM E390 or MIL-STD-1894, Level 3, as applicable, unless otherwise specified. 2. Radiography shall be performed in accordance with section 6 and ASTM E142. 3. Random position, left side will be radiographed alternately with random position, right side on consecutive weldments taken from production for radiographic inspection
Prior to the ballistic shock test, the welded joints in each test plate shall be inspected radiographically by an authorized representative of the Government. Full penetration welds shall be inspected for conformance Table B3-3 and ASTM E-390, with the direction of radiation parallel to the weld interface, then normal to the weld face, and finally parallel to the opposite weld interface. Partial penetration welds shall be inspected for conformance to MIL-STD-1894, Level 3. Radiographs shall be subject to review by the test agency, and its decision as to acceptability shall be final. The test agency may make additional radiographic inspections at its option. Should the test plate fail to pass the radiographic inspection, the ballistic shock test shall not be performed until after the defective weld area(s) has (have) been repaired by the fabricator.
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within the limits established in paragraphs B3.9.2, parts a through e. 4. Routine position, left side will be radiographed alternately with routine position, right side on consecutive weldments taken from production for radiographic inspection within the limits established in paragraph B3.9.2, parts a through e. B3.8.2 First Production Weldment Radiographic examination shall be performed on all joints identified on the radiographic drawing and shall comply with the acceptance requirements specified in paragraph B3.8.1, part f, subpart 2 unless otherwise specified by the contract. a. Film and Position Chart The films for the first production weldment shall be available for review by the procuring activity with the radiographic position chart (see B3.8.1) to which the following information has been added: Location of film. Direction of radiation. Equipment used. Type of film. Size and location of filter. Focal-film distance. Processing procedure for film. Applicable radiographic standard(s). b. Radiographic Procedure With the additions shown in paragraph B3.8.2 a, above, the chart becomes a radiographic procedure and, in conjunction with the radiograph of the initial weldment, becomes the basis for establishing the radiographic frequency to be used in production. Inspection of Production Weldments
b. Selection of Joints for Radiography Radiography shall be performed on specific joints, with a frequency to be determined by the drawings or contract documents, and dispositioned in accordance with paragraph B3.8.1, part f. Thus, spot checking will not require radiographing of all joints in a single weldment. c. Rejectable Joints When the radiographic spot check of a weldment indicates a transverse crack(s) in a particular joint, the remainder of the joint shall be radiographed. When other rejectable defects are discovered, the positions adjacent to the initial rejected position (or at the other end of the joint if the rejected position is located at the end of a joint) shall be radiographed. All defects then found in the joint shall be repaired and these repaired areas subsequently radiographed. The repaired areas shall conform to the radiographic standard established for the joint. d. Corresponding Joints On the next weldment designated for spot checking, the position(s) found rejectable in c, above, will require spot checking in addition to the other position(s) selected for radiography. Should a rejectable defect be found, the remainder of the joint shall be radiographed. All rejectable defects then found in the joint shall be repaired, and the repaired areas subsequently radiographed. The repaired areas shall conform to the radiographic standard established for the particular joint. e. Checking of Consecutive Weldments When the radiographs required by d, above, indicate a rejectable defect, the corresponding joint on the next weldment shall be completely radiographed. If no rejectable defects are found, spot checking will be resumed. If rejectable defects are found, the corresponding joint on the next weldment immediately following in production shall be completely radiographed. Complete radiography of the corresponding joint shall be continued with each consecutive weldment produced until a joint with no rejectable defects is obtained. All defects in each joint shall be repaired. Radiographs of the repaired area(s) shall conform to the radiographic standard as specified for the particular joint. Alternative Testing
B3.9
B3.9.1 Visual Inspection All ballistic welds shall be inspected to the requirements of Table 6.1, Critical Welds. B3.9.2 Radiographic Inspection The frequency of spot-checking and selection of the standard should be based on the importance of the particular joint in the vehicle. a. Spot Checking Joints subject to direct ballistic attack shall be spot checked by radiography in accordance with b through e, below.
B3.9.3
An alternative testing method may be used for ballistic welds when agreed by the contractor and the procuring activity. When ultrasonic testing is used, Table B3-4 will be used for acceptance criteria. If magnetic particle or penetrant testing is used, acceptance criteria will be determined by agreement of the contractor and the Procuring Agency.
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Table B3.3 Severity Level Requirements for FullPenetration Welds (see B3.7.9)
Discontinuity Types Fine Scattered Porosity Coarse Scattered Porosity Linear Porosity or Globular Indications Slag Inclusions Tungsten Inclusions Incomplete Penetration Lack of Fusion
Notes:
Gas holes or sand spots and inclusions allowed by this table shall be cause for rejection when closer than twice their maximum dimension to an edge or extremity of a weldment in a highly stressed or critical area, as determined by design engineering personnel.
Weld Thickness, inches Up to 3/8 in, incl. Up to 3/4 in, incl. Up to 2 in, incl. Up to 3/8 in, incl. Up to 3/4 in, incl. Up to 2 in, incl. Up to 3/8 in, incl. Up to 3/4 in, incl. Up to 2 in, incl. Up to 3/8 in, incl. Up to 3/4 in, incl. Up to 2 in, incl. Up to 3/8 in, incl. Up to 3/4 in, incl. Up to 3/8 in, incl. Up to 3/4 in, incl. Up to 2 in, incl. Up to 3/8 in, incl. Up to 3/4 in, incl. Up to 2 in, incl.
Acceptance Level
(Reference ASTM E-390 Radiographs)
2 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 3
B3.9.4
Inspection of Weldments Subjected to Straightening
All weldments subject to straightening shall be visually inspected subsequent to the straightening operation. B3.9.5 Marking of Repairs to Weldments All repairs to be made to weldments shall be indicated on the weldments by suitable markings, easily legible and of such nature that the marking shall not be obliterated in handling. The system of marking shall be subject to approval by the Government. B3.9.6 Quality Control It shall be the full responsibility of the contractor to maintain the quality control procedures and inspection standards necessary to assure that the part, the assembly, the sub-assembly or the end product meets the requirements of the drawings and the contract.
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Table B3.4 Ultrasonic Acceptance-Rejection Criteria (see B3.9.3)

Indication Rating, dB amplitude +5 or Less Discontinuity Severity Class Class A (large discontinuity) Unconditionally rejectable regardless of length Class B (medium discontinuity)2 +6 or +7 Accept if length is 1 in. Reject if length is > 1 in. Class C (minor or small discontinuity +8 or greater Accept without limits on length or location
1.
2.
3.
4.
Class B discontinuities shall be separated by at least 2L, L being the length of the longer discontinuity except that when two or more such discontinuities are not separated by at least 2L, but the combined length of discontinuities and their separation distance is equal to or less than the maximum allowable length under the provisions of Class B shall be considered a single acceptable discontinuity. Indications that remain on the CRT display as the search unit is moved away from the discontinuity may indicate planar flaws that require further evaluation through alternate ultrasonic testing methods, radiography, or by gouging followed by visual inspection. Refer to AWS D1.1 as a guide for developing the testing procedure and calibration requirements. A written procedure which provides detailed parameters for testing and calibration shall be submitted and approved by the Customer prior to the initiation of any testing of product for acceptance The following scanning levels shall be used: Sound Path Distance (NOT material thickness), inches 2.5 and less >2.5 to 5 >5 to 10 >10 to 15 Above Zero Reference, dB 14 19 29 39
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APPENDIX C Forms
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ARMOR WELDING DATA SHEET #1

WELDED ARMOR DATA Plate Number SUBMITTED BY DATE TYPE ADDRESS THICKNESS SPECIFICATION CONTRACT NUMBER ORDNANCE MATERIAL CONCERNED WELDED BY OBJECT
Report Number
Sheet Number of
On a dimension sketch of the Groove and Weldment, Indicate (1) the included angle; (2) the root opening; (3) the root face; (4) the bead sequence; (5) additional sketch of spacer strip or back-up, if any; (6) width of masking, if any on edges of cast plate; (7) average height of weld reinforcement.
Weld reinforcement (has) (has not) been removed. WELDING DATA PLATE PREPARATION: Flame Cutting - Plasma Cutting - Flame Softening - Grinding - Machining POSITION OF WELDING: Flat - Horizontal - Vertical - Overhead WELDING: Robotic - Automatic - Semi-automatic - Hand POLARITY: Straight - Reverse - AC - DC PREHEAT (F): POSTHEAT (F): PEENING: BUTTERING: PASS ELEC TYPE AMPS VOLTS CRACKING CHIP OR SPEED INTERPASS TEMP. (F) SIZE PASS GRIND IN/MIN. A-B C-D E-F 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 S - STRINGER PASS W - WEAVING PASS
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ARMOR PLATE DATA TEST PLATE NUMBER PLATE A MANUFACTURER TYPE THICKNESS HEAT LOT PROCESS O.H. ELEC ACID BASIC CHEMICAL COMPOSITION C Mn Si P S PLATE A PLATE B HEAT TREATMENT DATA HEAT TREATED BY
Report Number
Sheet Number of
PLATE B
O.H. ELEC ACID BASIC Cr Ni Mo Zr V FACE BACK
ELECTRODE OR FILLER METAL DATA TABLE 1

SIZE MANUFACTURER TRADE NAME TYPE CLASS
TABLE 2
MANUFACTURER TRADE NAME AND SIZE CHEMICAL ANALYSIS C CORE WIRE WELD METAL CORE WIRE WELD METAL CORE WIRE WELD METAL CORE WIRE WELD METAL TRADE NAME Mn Si S P Cr Ni Mo Coating
TABLE 3 (AUTOMATIC WELDING)

MANUFACTURER SIZE FLUX
RADIOGRAPHED BY RADIOGRAPH SERIAL NUMBER REMARKS: The procedure used in fabricating the crossbar weld (is) (is not) the same as the procedure used in fabricating the leg welds.
FABRICATOR REPRESENTATIVE
RESIDENCE INSPECTOR OF ORDNANCE
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X-RAY SERIAL NUMBER WELD RADIOGRAPHIC REPORT PLATE SUBMITTED BY RADIOGRAPHED BY PLATE THICKNESS FOCAL DISTANCE SHOCK TEST PLATE Show Locations of Radiographs and Results of Tests
Report Number
Sheet Number of
PLATE NUMBER KV TYPE OF FILM MA
SPECIFICATION DATE TIME SCREEN OR FILTERS
CRACK
INCOMPLETE FUSION
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION UNDERCUTTING
POROSITY AND SLAG INCLUSIONS RESULTS
NEGATIVES READ BY
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NON-BALLISTIC PROCEDURE QUALIFICATION RECORD (PQR)-SHEET 1

MODIFIED
Identification # Company Name Welding Process(es)
QUALIFIED BY TESTING
Rev. Date Performed By Auth. by Type Manual Machine POSITION Position of Groove: Vertical Progression: Other ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Transfer Mode (GMAW only) Short- Circuiting Globular Spray Current: AC DCEN Other Tungsten Electrode (GTAW) Size Type TECHNIQUE Stringer or Weave Bead: Multi-pass or Single Pass (per side) Number of Electrodes Electrode Spacing Longitudinal Lateral Angle Pulsed DCEP By Date Date Semi-Automatic Automatic UP Fillet: DOWN
JOINT DESIGN USED Type: Single Backing: Yes
Double Weld No
Backing Material: Root Opening Root Face Dimension Groove Angle Backgouging Method Yes
Radius(J-U) No
BASE METALS Material Spec. Type or Grade Thickness: Groove Diameter (Pipe) FILLER METALS AWS Specification AWS Classification F-Number SHIELDING 1.Gas 2.Gas Flux Name Electrode-Flux (Class): PREHEAT Preheat Temp., Min. Interpass Temp., Min.
Fillet
Composition Flow Rate Composition Flow Rate
Max.
Contact Tube to Work Distance Peening Interpass Cleaning: POSTWELD HEAT TREATMENT Temp. Time
WELDING PROCEDURE
Pass or Weld Layer Process Filler Metals Dia. Class (in.) Type & Polarity Current Amps or Wire Feed Speed Joint Detail Volts Travel Speed
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NON-BALLISTIC PROCEDURE QUALIFICATION RECORD (PQR)-SHEET 2

Specimen Procedure Qualification Record (PQR) # _____Test Results Tensile Test Width Thickness Area Unlimited Ultimate tensile Unit Load lb. stress, psi Character of failure and location
GUIDED BEND TEST Specimen No. Type of bend Result Remarks
VISUAL Appearance Undercut Piping porosity Convexity Test date
RADIOGRAPHIC-ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION RT report no.: Result UT report no.: Result FILLET WELD TEST RESULTS Minimum size multiple pass Maximum size single pass Macroetch Macroetch 1. 3. 1. 3. 2. 2. ALL-WELD-METAL TENSION TEST Tensile Strength Yield Strength Elongation in 2 in. % Laboratory tests no.
Welders name Test Conducted By
Clock No.
Stamp No. Laboratory
Test number Per We, the undersigned, certify that the statements in this record are correct and that the test welds were prepared, welded, and tested in accordance with the requirements of Section 4 of Drawing 12479550, Ground Combat Vehicle Welding Code-Steel. Modified PQRs are performed in accordance with Mil-Std1261 and/or 1941. Signed by
Tester
Signed By
Manufacturer or Contractor
Title Date CWI Stamp
Title Date
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WELDING PROCEDURE SPECIFICATION SHEET 1
WPS No.
Ballistic Non-Ballistic Supporting PQR(s) Firing Record No. Revision Revision Revision Date Date Date
Qualified
Modified Approved
Prequalified
Company Representative
QUALIFIED BASE MATERIALS to Grp M Number to Material Spec. to Table3.1 Grp Combinations to to
to
BALLISTIC BASE METAL THICKNESS (t) Groove Fillet Welding Position Vertical Welding Progression Shielding Gas(es)/Flux Percent Composition to to
FILLER METALS F- Number AWS Specification AWS Classification Filler Metal Dia. Electrode Type/No. Electrode Dia./Spacing NON-BALLISTIC BASE METAL THICKNESS (t) Groove to Fillet to Welding Position Vertical Welding Progression PLATE PREPARATION AND CLEANING Edge Prep Cleaning Method(s)
SHIELDING GAS OR FLUX
MINIMUM PREHEAT TEMP (F)* Thickest Joined Member
INTERPASS TEMP(F) MAX All Thickness
* Unless otherwise specified in the table, if base metal is below 32 F, preheat to 70 F is required
ELECTRICAL PARAMETER RANGES FOR WELDING POSITIONS QUALIFIED AND MATERIAL THICKNESS Non Ballistic Ballistic Material Thickness Welding Position(s) Welding Process Amperage Range Root Opening Groove Type Welding Power Source Welding Current (AC/DC) Electrode Polarity (Pos, Neg) Weld Passes (Single, Multi.)
Note: The parameters listed above should be used as a guideline for welding same thickness materials, when welding dissimilar thickness, the welding parameters shall be maintained within the bolded range listed above.
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WELDING PROCEDURE SPECIFICATION SHEET 2
WPS No.
Post Weld Heat Treatment Temperature Time Range Joint Criteria*
Groove Welds (Non-Ballistic)
Non Groove Welds(Non-Ballistic)
Joint Criteria*
Groove Welds (Ballistic)
Joint Criteria*
*Drawing joint requirements supersede any listed dimensional requirements
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STUD WELDING PQR No.:

Machine Settings
Power Supply Make: Model No.: Stud Gun Model: Power Supply SN: Current/Polarity Welding Position: Plunge Gun Lift Cable Size Cable Length Cleaning
Date:
Stud Material
M-Number: Specification: Other: Type:
Base Material
M-Number: Material Specification: Alloy and Temper Material Thickness
Ferrules
Ferrule Material: Ferrule PN: Ferrule Description:
PQR TEST CONFIGURATION
Test ID Results
Amperage Range
Weld Time(sec.)
Ult. Tension Test(lbs.)
Tension Test Results
Bend Test (greater than 15 deg.)
We certify that the statements in this record are correct and that the test welds were prepared, welded and tested in accordance with the requirements of Drawing 12479550, Ground Combat Vehicle Welding Code-Steel
Welded By: Signed by:
Tester
Signed by:
Title: Date:
Title: Date:
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STUD WELDING WPS
WPS Number
Process: Position Stud Welding Revision
Date
Date
Approved Approved
Base Metals M-No.: Specification M-No.:
Stud Materials
Initial Cleaning Final Cleaning Ferrule Description
Ferrules
Machine Information and Settings

Power Supply Make Stud Gun Model Current/Polarity Amperage Range Setting Stud-to-Work Distance Lift Setting Model number Timer Range Setting (sec.) Cable Size Cable Length Other
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WELDER, WELDING OPERATOR OR TACK WELDER QUALIFICATION TEST RECORD

CO Type of Welder Name Welding Procedure Specification No.
Variables Process/Type [4.18.1.1, Item (1)] Electrode (single or multiple) Current/Polarity Position [4.18.1.1, Item (7)] Weld Progression [4.18.1.1, Item (8)] Backing (YES or NO) [4.18.1.1, Item (2)] Material Spec. [4.18.1.1, Item (5)] Base Metal Thickness (Plate) Groove Fillet Thickness (Pipe/tube) Groove Fillet Diameter (Pipe) Groove Fillet Filler Metal [4.18.1.1, Item (3, 4)] Spec. No. Class F-No. Gas/Flux Type [4.18.1.1, Item (6)] Other VISUAL INSPECTION
Rev.
Identification No. Date

Qualification Range
Record Actual Values Used In Qualification
to
Type
Guided Bend Test Results Result Type
Result
FILLET TEST RESULTS Appearance Fillet Size Fracture Test Root Penetration Macroetch (Describe the location, nature, and size of any crack or tearing of the specimen.) Inspected by Organization Film Identification Number Test Number Date RADIOGRAPHIC TEST RESULTS Results Remarks Film Identification Number Results Remarks
Interpreted by Organization
Test Number Date
We, the undersigned, certify that the statements in this record are correct and that the test welds were prepared, welded, and tested in accordance with the requirements of section 4 of Drawing 12479550, Ground Combat Vehicle Welding Code Steel. Manufacturer or Contractor Authorized By Date
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APPENDIX D Illustrations Stud Weld Positions, Weld Test Specimens and Test Fixtures
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Appendix D Illustrations Stud Weld Positions, Weld Test Specimens and Test Fixtures
D1 Standard Stud Test Weldment Positions
may be that obtained by cutting the pipe into quarter sections. D2.4 Nonstandard Bend Specimens For base metal thickness less than 3/8 inch, the thickness of the specimen shall be the thickness of the base metal.
Figure D1.1 illustrates and identifies the positions for Standard Stud Test Weldments. Standard Stud Test Weldments shall be positioned in the applicable position illustrated within the limitations shown in Figure D1.1.
D3
Tension Specimens
D2
D2.1
Guided Bend Specimens

Preparation of Groove weld Specimens
Tension test specimens are illustrated in Figure D3.1, D3.2, D3.3, and D3.4. D3.1 A single specimen may be used for thicknesses of 1 in. or less. D3.2 For thicknesses over 1 in., single or multiple specimens may be used provided that: (1) Collectively, multiple specimens, representing the full thickness of the weld at one location, shall comprise a set. (2) The entire thickness shall be mechanically cut into approximately equal strips. For specimens that are not turned, specimen thicknesses shall be the maximum size that can be tested in available equipment.
Guided bend test specimens shall be prepared by cutting the test plate or pipe to form specimens as illustrated in Figures D2.1, D2.2, and D2.3. The cut surfaces of Figures D2.1 and D2.2 are designated the specimen sides. The other two surfaces of Figures D2.1 and D2.2 are designated the face and root surfaces. A side bend specimen is illustrated in Figure D2.3. D2.2 Weld reinforcement and backing of face- and root-bend specimens shall be removed flush with the specimen surface. Cut surfaces shall be parallel, may be thermally cut, and shall be machined or ground a minimum of 1/8 in. in thermally cut edges, except that M-1 metals may be bent as-cut if no objectionable surface roughness exists. D2.3 Subsize Transverse Face and Root Bends
D4
Cladding and Hardfacing Specimens
Bend test and chemical analysis specimens shall be prepared as shown in Figures D4.1 and D4.2.
For pipe of 4 in. outside diameter or less, the bend specimen width may be 3/4 in., measured around the outside surface. Alternatively, for outside diameters less the 2-7/8 in., the width
D5
Test Fixtures
Bend and stud test fixtures are shown in Figures D5.1 through D5.6
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1S
2S STUD WELDING POSITIONS
4S
C L 45 1S 45 45
2S 45
4S 45 45
LIMITS OF POSITIONS FOR PLATE OR PIPE STUD WELDING POSITIONS
Figure D1.1 Welding Positions Stud Welds (see D1.1)
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1/8 MAX. RADIUS
1/8 MAX. RADIUS
t 6 MIN T
T T
t FACE BEND
T 1/16 - 1/8 1/8 - 3/8 >3/8
t T T 3/8
t ROOT BEND
Specimen Thickness (TS) Thickness of Base Materials 1/16 to 1/8 1/8 to 3/8 Over 3/8 M23 & M35 All F-23 Welds T 1/8 1/8 All Other Materials T T 3/8
Notes: 1. Weld reinforcement and backing strip or backing ring, if any, shall be removed flush with the surface of the specimen. 2. If thermal cut, the edges shall be dressed by grinding, except in M-1 materials. 3. For pipe diameters of 2 through 4 in. NPS, the width of the bend specimen may be 3/4 in. For pipe diameters of 3/8 to 2 in. NPS, the bend specimen width may be 3/8 in., with an alternative (permitted for pipe 1 NPS in. and less) of cutting the pipe into quarter sections, in which case the weld reinforcement may be removed and no other preparation of the specimens is reguired.
Figure D2.1 Transverse Face and Root Bend Specimens (see D2.1)
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RADIUS = 1/8 MAX., TYP.
TS
TS
6 MIN
T FACE BEND
T ROOT BEND
Specimen Thickness (TS) Thickness of Base Materials 1/16 to 1/8 1/8 to 3/8 Over 3/8 M-23 & M-35 All F-23 Welds T 1/8 1/8 All Other Materials T T 3/8
Figure D2.2 Longitudinal Face and Root Bend Specimens (see D2.1)
TS RADIUS = 1/8 MAX., TYP
Specimen Thickness (TS) Weld Thickness 3/8 to 1-1/2 Over 1-1/2 M-23 & M-35 and any F-23 Welds 1/8 1/8 All Other M Numbers 3/8 3/8 Width of Specimen (W) T See Note 3
Notes 1. Weld reinforcement and backing strip or backing ring, if any, shall be removed flush with the surface of the specimen. If a recessed ring is used, this surface of the specimen may be machined to a depth not exceeding the depth of the recess to remove the ring, except that in such cases the thickness of the finished specimen shall be that specified above. 2. If thermal cut, the edges shall be dress by grinding, except for M-1 materials. 3. When a side bend specimen thickness T exceeds 1-1/2 in., it may be bent at full width, or it may be cut into multiple test specimens of approximately equal dimensions provided the specimens are not less than 3/4 in.wide.
Figure D2.3 Transverse Side Bend Specimens (see D2.1)
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A TS B TS
RADIUS 1 MIN., TYP SEE NOTE 1 SEE NOTE 2 PLATE PIPE
Test Weldment Pipe Outside Diameter Dimensions B A W TS 3/4 TS

5&6
Plate
<3
(See Note 3) (See Note 4)
>3
1/2
3/4
(See Note 5)
Notes: 1. This section shall be cut by machining or grinding. 2. The specimen length shall be as required by the tension testing equipment. 3. B shall be equal to the greater dimension of the weld metal In the direction of the specimen longitudinal axis. 4. The length of the reduced section A shall be equal to B, plus 1/2 in.; with a minimum of 2-1/4 in. The ends shall not differ in width from the ends to the center, but the width at either end shall not be more than 0.015 in. greater than the width at the center. The weld shall be in the center of the reduced section. 5. The amount removed shall be the minimum needed to obtain plane parallel surfaces across the width of the reduced section. 6. For base metal thicknesses greater than 1 in., multiple tension specimens may be substituted for the single tension specimen from each blank. If multiple specimens are used, one complete set shall be made for each required test. The specimen blank shall be cut into strips of approximately equal thickness.
Figure D3.1 Reduced Section Tension Specimen Rectangular (see D3)
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Standard Specimen Dimensions, in.1,3 Dimensions A = Length of Reduced Section D = Diameter R = Radius, inches minimum C = Diameter
2,4
0.505 0.500 0.010 3/8 min. 3/4
0.353 0.350 0.007 1/4 min 1/2
0.252
(See Note 4)
0.188 0.188 0.003 1/8 min 1/4
0.250 0.005 3/16 min 3/8
Notes: 1. The standard specimen selected shall be based upon the maximum diameter specimen that can be cut from the specimen blank. 2. The weld shall be in the center of the reduced section. 3. Where only a single specimen from a blank is required, the specimen longitudinal axis shall be midway between the base metal surfaces. 4. The length of the reduced section shall be not less than the width of the weld metal plus 2D. It may have a gradual taper from the ends toward the center, with the ends not more than I percent greater in diameter than the center, which shall be the dimension D. The ends may be of any length and shape as required by the testing machine. 5. For base metal thickness over 1 in., multiple specimens are required and one complete set shall be made for each required test. The specimen blank shall be cut into strips of approximately equal thickness with their center lines no more than 1 in. apart. The centerline of the surface shall be within 5/8 in. of that surface.
Figure D3.2 Reduced Section Tension Specimen Round (see D3)

SEE NOTE 1
0.5
SEE NOTE 4
TS
1-1/16
RADIUS 1 MIN., TYP SEE NOTE 2 SEE NOTE 3

Notes: 1. The length of the reduced section shall be equal to the greater dimension of the weld metal in the direction of the specimen longitudinal axis, plus 2T. The sides shall be approximately parallel. The weld shall be in the center of the reduced section. 2 The reduced section shall be cut by machining or grinding. 3. The specimen length shall be as required by the tension testing equipment. 4. The weld reinforcement shall be removed such that the weld metal thickness equals that of the base metal thickness.
Figure D3.3 Alternate Tension Specimen for Pipe 3 in. O.D. or Less (see D3)
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PLUG
Notes: 1. The length of the reduced section shall be equal to the greater dimension of the weld metal in the direction of the specimen longitudinal axis, plus 2 times the thickness of the test weldment. The sides shall be approximately parallel. The weld shall be in the center of the reduced section. 2. This section shall be cut by machining or grinding. 3. The specimen length shall be as required by the tension testing equipment. 4. The weld reinforcement shall be removed such that the weld metal thickness equals that of the base metal thickness.
Figure D3.4 Alternate Tension Specimen for Pipe 2 in. O.D. or Less (see D3)
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1/8 MIN CLADDING
WELD METAL
4TS +0 -2TS T
6 MIN.
TS SIDE BEND
RADIUS R=1/8 MAX.
T 1/8 - 3/8 >3/8

Notes: 1. T = the thickness of the base metal. 2. TS = the thickness of the test specimen.
TS T 3/8
Figure D4.1 Weld Cladding Side Bend Specimen (see D4)

TOTAL DEPOSIT MINIMUM THICKNESS QUALIFIED CLADDING AND HARDFACING CHEMICAL SAMPLE 0.02 MAX ALL DIMENSIONS IN INCHES
BASE METAL
Figure D4.2 Weld Cladding and Hardfacing Chemical Analysis Specimen (see D4)
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Base Metal
TS*, in 3/8 <3/8
A, in. 2 -1/2 (6-2/3)TS 1-1/2 4TS
C, in. 3-3/8 (8-2/3)TS 2-3/8 6TS + 1/8
M11
All others
3/8 <3/8
*TS = specimen thickness
Notes: 1. The dimensions of the bend fixture, except as otherwise required in the above table, shall result in a calculated outer fiber elongation for the specimen equal to the least ductile metal being joined as calculated using the formula: Percent Outer Fiber Elongation = 100 TS/(A + TS) Where the metal being tested is not covered by the table above, the specimen thickness (TS) shall be calculated. In no case shall the fixture dimensions exceed the following: (32-7/8) x TS for A, (16-7/16) x TS for B, or (34-7/8) x TS + 1/16 for C, where TS is the minimum allowable specimen thickness calculated using the formula: TS minimum allowable = (A x % Elongation)/(100 - % Elongation) where % elongation Is the tensile elongation of the least ductile metal being tested. 2. The shoulders of the test figure shall either be hardened rollers free to rotate or hardened and greased fixed shoulder.
Figure D5.1 Guided Bend Fixture Bottom Ejecting Type (see D5)
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AS REQUIRED
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PLUNGER SHOULDERS HARDENED AND GREASED 1/2 1 - 1/8
3/4
6 - 3/4
1/4 2 MIN 3 MIN
3/4 R
B R HARDENED ROLLERS 1-1/2 in. IN DIAMETER MAY BE SUBSTITUTED FOR JIG SHOULDERS
3/4 2 3 - 7/8 C 7 1/2 9 D R
YOKE
TS*, in. 3/8 M-11 <3/8 3/8 All others <3/8 *TS = Specimen thickness
Base Metal
A, in. 2-1/2 (6-2/3)TS 1-1/2 4TS
C, in. 3-3/8 (8-2/3)TS + 1/8 2-3/8 6TS + 1/8
Notes: 1. The dimensions of the bend fixture, except as otherwise required In the above table, shall result in a calculated outer fiber elongation for the specimen equal to the least ductile metal being joined as calculated using the formula: Percent Outer Fiber Elongation = 100 TS/(A + TS) Where the metal being tested is not covered by the table above, the specimen thickness (TS) shall be calculated. In no case shall the fixture dimensions exceed the following: (32-7/8) x TS for A, (16-7/16) x TS for B, or (34-7/8) x TS + 1/16 for C, where TS is the minimum allowable specimen thickness calculated using the formula: TS minimum allowable = (A x % Elongation)/(100 - % Elongation) where % elongation is the tensile elongation of the least ductile metal being tested. 2. The shoulders of the test figure shall either be hardened rollers free to rotate or hardened and greased fixed shoulder. 3. The specimen shall be bent until a 1/8 - inch diameter wire cannot be inserted at any point between the specimen and the die.
Figure D5.2 Guided Bend Fixture Bottom Type (see D5)
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1/16 MAX.
TS
ROLLER
B = 1/2 A
TS*, in A, in 3/8 2-1/2 M-11 <3/8 (6-2/3)TS 3/8 1-1/2 All others <3/8 4TS *TS = Specimen Thickness
Notes: 1. The dimensions of the bend fixture, except as otherwise required In the above table, shall result in a calculated outer fiber elongation for the specimen equal to the least ductile metal being joined as calculated using the formula: Percent Outer Fiber Elongation = 100 TS/(A + TS) Where the metal being tested is not covered by the table above, the specimen thickness (TS) shall be calculated. In no case shall the fixture dimensions exceed the following: (32-7/8) x TS for A, (16-7/16) x TS for B, or (34-7/8) x TS + 1/16 for C, where TS is the minimum allowable specimen thickness calculated using the formula: TS minimum allowable = (A x % Elongation)/(1 00 - % Elongation) where % elongation is the tensile elongation of the least ductile metal being tested. 2. Dimensions not shown are the option of the machine designer. The essential consideration is to have adequate rigidity so that the parts will not spring. 3. The specimen shall be firmly clamped on one end so that there is no sliding of the specimen during the bending operation. 4. Test specimen shall be removed from the jig when the outer roll has been moved 180 degrees from the starting point. 5. When qualifying armor material Mil-A-11356 or Mil-A-12560, (for non-ballistic application only) use mandrel with 2.5 inch diameter.
Base Metal
Figure D5.3 Guided Bend Fixture Wrap Around (see D5)
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12 in.
BEND ANGLE 15 MIN
MAX DIAMETER OF STUD + 1/64 in.
1 1/4 in.
WELD
FOR STUD DIAMETER (in.) USE ADAPTER GAP A (in.)
1/8 1/8
3/16 1/8
1/4 3/16
3/8 7/32
1/2 5/16
5/8 11/32
3/4 15/32
7/8 15/32
1 19/32
Figure D5.4 Stud Weld Test Fixture (see D5)

STUD
WASHER
STEEL NUT
SLEEVE
WELD AREA
MEMBER
Note: Dimensions are appropriate to the size of the stud. Threads of the stud shall be clean and free of lubricant other than residual cutting oil.
Figure D5.5 Stud Weld Torque Fixture (see D5)
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SLOTTED FIXTURE TO HOLD STUD HEAD AND SPECIMEN PLATE
Figure D5.6 Stud Weld Tension Test Fixture (see D5)
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APPENDIX E Prequalified Joint Preparations and Joint Details
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Notes for Figures E.1 and E.2

Notes:
A. Not prequalified for gas metal arc welding using short circuiting transfer nor GTAW. B: Joint is welded from one side only. Br Cyclic load application limits these joints to the horizontal welding position. C: Backgouge, root to sound metal before welding second side. D: SMAW detailed joints may be used for prequalified GMAW (except GMAW-S) and FCAW. E: Minimum weld size, E and S as specified on drawings. J: If fillet welds are used in statically loaded structures to reinforce groove welds in comer and T-joints, these shall be equal to 1/4 T1, but need not exceed 3/8 in. Groove welds in corner and T-joints of cyclically loaded structures shall be reinforced with fillet welds equal to 1/4 T1, but not more than 3/8 in. M Double-groove welds may have grooves of unequal depth, but the depth of the shallower groove shall be no less than one-fourth of the thickness of the thinner part joined. Mp: Double-groove welds may have grooves of unequal depth, provided these conform to the limitations of Note E. Also the weld size (E) applies individually to each groove. N: The orientation of the two members In the joints may vary from 135 to 180 for butt joints, or 45 to 135 for comer joints, or 45 to 90 for T-joints. V: For corner joints, the outside groove preparation may be In either or both members, provided the basic groove configuration is not changed and adequate edge distance Is maintained to support the welding operations without excessive edge melting. Z: Weld size (E) Is based on joints welded flush.
Legend for Figures E.1 and E.2

Symbols for joint types B - butt joint C - corner joint T - T-joint BC - butt or corner joint TC - T- or corner joint BTC - butt, T-, or corner joint Symbols for base metal thickness and penetration L - limited thickness-complete joint penetration U - unlimited thickness-complete joint penetration P - partial joint penetration Symbol for weld types 1 - square-groove 2 - single-V-groove 3 - double-V-groove 4 - single-bevel-groove 5 - double-bevel-groove 6 - single-U-groove 7 - double-U-groove 8 - single-J-groove 9 - double-J-groove 10 - flare-bevel-groove Symbols for welding processes if not shielded metal arc S - submerged arc welding
G - gas metal arc welding F - flux cored arc welding Welding processes SMAW - shielded metal arc welding GMAW - gas metal arc welding FCAW - flux cored metal arc welding SAW - submerged arc welding Welding positions F - flat H - horizontal V - vertical OH - overhead Dimensions R = Root Opening a, b = Groove Angles f = Root Face r = J- or U-groove Radius S, S 1, S 2 = PJP Grove Weld Depth of Groove E, E 1, E 2 = PJP Groove Weld Sizes corresponding to S, S 1, S 2, respectively Joint Designation The lower case letters, e.g., a, b, c, etc., are used to differentiate between joints that would otherwise have the same joint designation.
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See Notes on Page 149
Square-groove weld (1) Butt joint (B)
(E) R T1 REINFORCEMENT 1/32 TO 1/8 NO TOLERANCE
Welding Process SMAW
Joint Designation B-P1a B-P1c
Base Metal Thickness (U = Unlimited) T1 T2 1/8 max 1/4 max
Groove Preparation Tolerances Root Opening As Detailed As Fit-Up R=0 to 1/16 +1/16, -0 1/16 T1 R= min +1/16, -0 1/16 2
Permitted Welding Positions All

All
Weld Size (E) T 1 1/32

3T1 4
Notes B
B,D
(E1) (E2) R
T1
E1 + E2 MUST NOT EXCEED
3T1 4
R
Groove Preparation Tolerances As Detailed As Fit-Up +1/16, -0 1/16 Permitted Welding Positions All
Joint Designation B-P1b
Base Metal Thickness (U = Unlimited) T2 T1 1/4 max
Root Opening T R= 1 2
Weld Size (E) 3T1 4
Notes D
Figure E.1 (Sheet 1) Prequalified Partial Joint Preparation (PJP) Groove Welded Joint Details (see 3.8) Top Single square-groove weld, butt joint Bottom Double square-groove weld, butt joint
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Single-V-groove weld (2) Butt joint (B) Corner joint (C)
S(E)
T1
R T2
Base Metal Thickness (U = Unlimited) Welding Process SMAW GMAW FCAW SAW Joint Designation BC-P2 T1 1/4min T2 U Groove Preparation Root Opening Tolerances Root Face As As Fit-Up Groove Angle Detailed) R=0 +1/8 -1/16 0 +1/16 f = 1/32 min +U, -0 1/16 +10, -0 = 60 +10, -5 R=0 +1/8 -1/16 0 +1/16 f = 1/8 min +U, -0 1/16 +10, -0 = 60 +10, -5 R=0 +1/16 0 0 f = 1/4 min +U, -0 1/16 = 60 +10, -0 +10, -5 Permitted Welding Positions All
Weld Size (E) S
Notes B, D, E, N A, B, E, N B,E,N
BC-P2-GF
1/4 min
All
BC-P2-S
7/16 min
Double-V-groove weld (3) Butt joint (B)
S2(E2) S1(E1) S1 f T1 S2 R
Base Metal Thickness (U = Unlimited) Welding Process SMAW GMAW FCAW SAW Joint Designation B-P3 T1 1/2 min T2
B-P3-GF
1/2 min
B-P3-S
3/4min
Groove Preparation Root Opening Tolerances Root Face As Detailed As Fit-Up Groove Angle R=0 +1/8 -1/16 +1/16 -0 f = 1/8 min +U, -0 1/16 +10, -0 = 60 +10, -5 R=0 +1/8 1/16 +1/16 -0 f = 1/8 min +U, -0 1/16 +10, -0 = 60 +10, -5 R=0 +1/16 -0 0 f = 1/4 min +U, -0 1/16 = 60 +10, -0 +10, -5
Total Weld Size (E1 + E2) S1 + S 2
Notes D, E, Mp, N A, E, Mp, N E, Mp, N
All
S1 + S 2
S1 + S 2
Figure E.1 (Sheet 2) Prequalified Partial Joint Preparation (PJP) Groove Welded Joint Details (see 3.8) Top Single V-groove weld, butt or corner joint Bottom Double V-groove weld, butt joint
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Single-bevel-groove weld (4) Butt joint (B) T-joint (T) Corner joint (C)
S(E)
T1
f T2
Base Metal Thickness (U = Unlimited) T1 U T2 U
R
Groove Preparation Tolerances Root Opening Root Face Groove Angle As Detailed As Fit-Up R=0 +1/8 -1/16 +1/16, -0 f = 1/8 min unlimited 1/16 +10, -0 = 45 +10, -5 R=0 f = 1/8 min = 45 R=0 f = 1/4 min = 60 +1/16, -0 unlimited +10, -0 0 +U, -0 +10, -0 +1/8 -1/16 1/16 +10, -5 +1/16, -0 1/16 +10, -5 Permitted Welding Positions All F, H V, OH
Joint Designation BTC-P4
Weld Size (E) S-1/8 S S-1/8
Notes B, D, E, J,N,V A, B, E, J, N, V B, E, J, N, V
GMAW FCAW
BTC-P4-GF
1/4 min
SAW
TC-P4-S
7/16 min
Double-bevel-groove weld (5) Butt joint (B) T-joint (T) Corner joint (C)
S2(E2) S1(E1)
Tf1 S2 T2 R
Groove Preparation Root Opening Tolerances Root Face Groove Angle As Detailed As Fit-Up R=0 +1/8 -1/16 +1/16 -0 f = 1/8 min unlimited 1/16 +10, -0 = 45 +10, -5 R=0 f = 1/8 min = 45 R=0 f = 1/4 min = 60 +1/16 -0 unlimited +10, -0 0 +U, -0 +10, -0 +1/8 1/16 1/16 +10, -5 +1/16 -0 1/16 +10, -5 Permitted Welding Positions All F, H V, OH Total Weld Size (E1 + E2) S1 + S2- -1/4 S1 + S2 S1 + S2- -1/4 A, E, J, Mp, N, V E, J, Mp, N, V Base Metal Thickness (U = Unlimited) Welding Process SMAW Joint Designation BTC-P5 T1 5/16 T2 U
Notes D, E, J, Mp, N, V
GMAW FCAW
BTC-P5-GF
1/2 min
SAW
TC-P5-S
3/4min
S1 + S 2
Figure E.1 (Sheet 3) Prequalified Partial Joint Preparation (PJP) Groove Welded Joint Details (see 3.8) Top Single-bevel-groove weld, butt, or T-, or corner joint Bottom Double bevel-groove weld, butt, or T-, or corner joint
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Single-U-groove weld (6) Butt joint (B) Corner joint (C)
r S f T2 R
S(E)
Joint Designation BC-P6
Base Metal Thickness (U = Unlimited) T2 T1
1/4 min
GMAW FCAW
BC-P6-GF
1/4 min
SAW
BC-P6-S
7/16 min
Groove Preparation Root Opening Tolerances Root Face Groove Radius Groove Angle As Detailed As Fit-Up +1/8 -1/16 R=0 +1/16, -0 f = 1/32 min +U, -0 1/16 r = 1/4 +1/4, -0 1/16 +10, -0 = 45 +10, -5 +1/8 -1/16 R=0 +1/16, -0 f = 1/8 min +U, -0 1/16 r = 1/4 +1/4, -0 1/16 +10, -0 = 20 +10, -5 +1/16 0 R=0 0 f = 1/4 min 1/16 +U, -0 r = 1/4 +1/4, -0 1/16 +10, -0 = 20 +10, -5
Weld Size (E) S
Notes B, D, E, N
All
A, B, E, N
B, E, N
Double-U-groove weld (7) Butt joint (B)
S2(E2) S1(E1) S1 f
r R
S2
Base Metal Thickness (U = Unlimited) Welding Process SMAW Joint Designation B-P7 T1 1/2 min T2
GMAW FCAW
B-P7-GF
1/2 min
SAW
B-P7-S
3/4 min
Groove Preparation Root Opening Tolerances Root Face Groove Radius Groove Angle As Detailed As Fit-Up +1/8 -1/16 R=0 +1/16, -0 f = 1/8 min +U, -0 1/16 r = 1/4 +1/4, -0 1/16 +10, -0 = 45 +10, -5 +1/8 -1/16 R=0 +1/16, -0 f = 1/8 min +U, -0 1/16 r = 1/4 +1/4, -0 1/16 +10, -0 = 20 +10, -5 +1/16 0 R=0 0 f = 1/4 min 1/16 +U, -0 r = 1/4 +1/4, -0 1/16 +10, -0 = 20 +10, -5
Weld Size (E) S1 + S 2
Notes D, E, Mp, N
All
S1 + S 2
A, E, Mp, N
S1 + S 2
E, Mp, N
Figure E.1 (Sheet 4) Prequalified Partial Joint Preparation (PJP) Groove Welded Joint Details (see 3.8) Top Single U-groove weld, butt or corner joint Bottom Double U-groove weld, butt joint
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Single J-groove weld (8) Butt joint (B) T-joint (T) Corner joint (C)
S(E) r R
T1
f T2 R
Base Metal Thickness (U = Unlimited) Welding Process SMAW Joint Designation TC-P8* T1 1/4 min T2 U
SMAW
BC-P8**
1/4 min
GMAW FCAW
TC-P8-GF*
1/4 min
GMAW FCAW
BC-P8GF**
1/4 min
SAW
TC-P8-S*
7/16 min
SAW
C-P8-S**
7/16 min
Groove Preparation Root Opening Tolerances Root Face Groove Radius Groove Angle As Detailed As Fit-Up +1/8 -1/16 R=0 +1/16, -0 f = 1/8 min +U, -0 1/16 r = 3/8 +1/4, -0 1/16 +10, -0 = 45 +10, -5 +1/8 -1/16 R=0 +1/16, -0 f = 1/8 min +U, -0 1/16 r = 3/8 +1/4, -0 1/16 +10, -0 = 30 +10, -5 +1/8 -1/16 R=0 +1/16, -0 f = 1/8 min +U, -0 1/16 r = 3/8 +1/4, -0 1/16 +10, -0 = 45 +10, -5 +1/8 -1/16 R=0 +1/16, -0 f = 1/8 min 1/16 +U, -0 r = 3/8 +1/4, -0 1/16 +10, -0 = 30 +10, -5 +1/16 -0 R=0 0 f = 1/4 min 1/16 +U, -0 r = 1/2 +1/4, -0 1/16 +10, -0 = 45 +10, -5 +1/16 0 R=0 0 f = 1/4 min 1/16 +U, -0 r = 1/2 +1/4, -0 1/16 +10, -0 = 20 +10, -5
Weld Size (E) S
Notes D, E, J, N, V
All
D, E, J, N,V
All
A, E, J, N, V
All
A, E, J, N, V
E, J, N, V
E, J, N, V
* Applies to inside corner joints. ** Applies to outside corner joints.
Figure E.1 (Sheet 5) Prequalified Partial Joint Preparation (PJP) Groove Welded Joint Details (see 3.8) Single U-groove weld, butt, or T-, or corner joint
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Double-J-groove weld (9) Butt joint (B) T-joint (T) Corner joint (C)
S2(E2) r S1 f f T1 S2 S1(E1) R
r T2
Base Metal Thickness (U = Unlimited) Welding Process SMAW Joint Designation BTC-P9* T1 1/2 min T2 U
GMAW FCAW
BTC-P9GF**
1/2min
SAW
C-P9-S*
3/4 min
SAW
C-P9-S**
3/4 min
SAW
T-P9-S
3/4 min
Groove Preparation Root Opening Tolerances Root Face Groove Radius Groove Angle As Detailed As Fit-Up +1/8 -1/16 R=0 +1/16, -0 f = 1/8 min +U, -0 1/16 r = 3/8 +1/4, -0 1/16 +10, -0 = 45 +10, -5 +1/8 -1/16 R=0 +1/16, -0 f = 1/8 min +U, -0 1/16 r = 3/8 +1/4, -0 1/16 +10, -0 = 30 +10, -5 +1/16 -0 R=0 0 f = 1/4 min 1/16 +U, -0 r = 1/2 +1/4, -0 1/16 +10, -0 = 45 +10, -5 +1/16 -0 R=0 0 f = 1/4 min 1/16 +U, -0 r = 1/2 +1/4, -0 1/16 +10, -0 = 20 +10, -5 +1/16 -0 R=0 0 f = 1/4 min 1/16 +U, -0 r = 1/2 +1/4, -0 1/16 +10, -0 = 45 +10, -5
Weld Size (E) S1 + S 2
Notes D, E, J, Mp. N, V A, J, Mp, N, V E, J, Mp, N, V E, J, Mp, N, V E, J, Mp, N
All
S1 + S 2
S1 + S 2
S1 + S 2
S1 + S 2
* Applies to inside corner joints. ** Applies to outside corner joints.
Figure E.1 (Sheet 6) Prequalified Partial Joint Preparation (PJP) Groove Welded Joint Details (see 3.8) Double J-groove weld, butt, or T-, or corner joint
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Flare-bevel-groove weld (10) Butt joint (B) T-joint (T) Corner joint (C)
(E)
T3
f R T2
Base Metal Thickness (U = Unlimited)
T1 C
Joint Designation BTC-P10
T1 3/16 min
T2 U
T3 T1 min
Groove Preparation Tolerances Root Opening Root Face Bend Radius* As Detailed As Fit-Up R=0 +1/16, -0 +1/8 -1/16 f = 3/16 min +U, -0 +U, -1/16 3T1 -0, +Not -0, +Not min C= Limited Limited 2 R=0 f = 3/16 min 3T C = 1 min 2 R=0 f = 1/2 min 3T C = 1 min 2 +1/16, -0 +U, -0 -0, +Not Limited 0 +U, -0 -0, +Not Limited +1/8 -1/16 +U, -1/16 -0, +Not Limited +1/16 0 +U, -1/16 -0, +Not Limited
Weld Size (E) 5/8 T1
Notes D, J, N, Z
GMAW FCAW
BTC-P10-GF
3/16 min
T1 min
All
5/8 T1
A, J, N, Z
SAW
T-P10-S
1/2 min
1/2 min
N/A
5/8 T1
J, N, Z
* For cold formed (A500) rectangular tubes, C dimension is not limited, see the following: Effective weld size of Flare-Bevel-Groove Welded Joints. Test have been performed on cold formed ASTM A500 material exhibiting a c dimension as small as T1 with a nominal radius of 2t. As the radius increases, the c dimension also increases. The corner curvature may not be a quadrant of a circle tangent to the sides. The corner dimension c may be less than the radius of the corner.
Figure E.1 (Sheet 7) Prequalified Partial Joint Preparation (PJP) Groove Welded Joint Details (see 3.8) Flare bevel groove weld, butt or T- or corner joint
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Square-groove weld (1) Butt joint (B) Corner joint (C)
T1
T1
R
B-L1a
Welding Process SMAW FCAW GMAW Joint Designation B-L1a C-L1a B-L1a-GF Base Metal Thickness (U = Unlimited) T2 T1 1/4 max 1/4 max U 3/8 max Root Opening R = T1 R = T1 R = T1
T2
R
C-L1a
Groove Preparation Tolerances As Detailed As Fit-Up +1/16, -0 +1/4, -1/16 +1/16, -0 +1/4, -1/16 +1/16, -0 +1/4, -1/16
Permitted Welding Positions All All All
Gas Shielding for FCAW Not required
Notes D,N D,N A, N
BACKGOUGE (EXCEPT B-L1-S)
T1
R
Welding Process SMAW GMAW FCAW SAW SAW Joint Designation B-L1b B-L1b-GF B-L1-S B-L1a-S Base Metal Thickness (U = Unlimited) T2 T1 1/4 max 3/8 max 3/8 max 5/8 max Root Opening T R= 1 2 R = 0 to 1/8 R=0 R=0 Groove Preparation Tolerances As Detailed As Fit-Up +1/16, -0 +1/16, -0 0 0 +1/16, -1/8 +1/16, -1/8 +1/16, -0 +1/16, -0 Permitted Welding Positions All All F F Gas Shielding for FCAW Not required
Notes C, D, N A, C, N N C, N
Figure E.2 (Sheet 1) Prequalified Complete Joint Preparation (CJP) Groove Welded Joint Details (see 3.9) Top Square-groove weld with backing, butt or corner joint Bottom Square-groove weld without backing, butt joint
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Square-groove weld (1) T-joint (T) Corner joint (C)
BACKGOUGE
T1
R T2
Base Metal Thickness (U = Unlimited) T2 T1 1/4 max 3/8 max 3/8 max U U U Groove Preparation Tolerances As Detailed As Fit-Up +1/16, -0 +1/16, -0 +1/16, -1/8 +1/16, -1/8 =1/16, -0 Permitted Welding Positions All All F Gas Shielding for FCAW Not required
Welding Process SMAW GMAW FCAW SAW
Joint Designation TC-L1b TC-L1GF TC-L1-S
Root Opening
Notes C,D,J A,C,J C,J
T R= 1 2
R=0 to 1/8 R=0
Single-V-groove weld (2) Butt joint
T1
Tolerances As Detailed As Fit-Up R = +1/16, -0 +1/4, -1/16 +10, -5 = +10, -0
R
Welding Process SMAW Joint Designation B-U2a Base Metal Thickness (U = Unlimited) T2 T1 U Groove Preparation Root Opening R=1/4 R=3/8 R=1/2 R=3/16 R=3/8 R=1/4 R=1/4 R=5/8 Groove Angle Permitted Welding Positions All F,V,OH F,V,OH F,V,OH F,V,OH F,V,OH F F Gas Shielding For FCAW Required Not req. Not req.
GMAW FCAW SAW SAW
B-U2A-GF B-L2a-S B-U2-S
U 2 max U
=45 =30 =20 =30 =30 =45 =30 =20
Notes D,N D,N D,N A,N A,N A,N N N
Figure E.2 (Sheet 2) Prequalified Complete Joint Preparation (CJP) Groove Welded Joint Details (see 3.9) Top Square-groove weld, T- or corner joint Bottom Single-V-groove weld, butt joint
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Single-V-groove weld (2) Corner Joint (C)
T1
T2
Welding Process SMAW GMAW FCAW SAW SAW Joint Designation C-U2a Base Metal Thickness (U = Unlimited) T2 T1 U U
R
Groove Preparation Root Opening R = 1/4 R = 3/8 R = 1/2 R = 3/16 R = 3/8 R = 1/4 R = 1/4 R = 5/8 Groove Angle = 45 = 30 = 20 = 30 = 30 = 45 = 30 = 20 Permitted Welding Positions All F, V, OH F, V, OH F, V, OH F, V, OH F, V, OH F F
C-U2a-GF C-L2a-S C-U2-S
U 2 max U
U U U
Weld Size (E) Required Not req. Not req.
Notes D, N D, N D, N A A, N A, N N N
Single-V-groove weld (2) Butt joint (B)
BACKGOUGE
f T1 R`
Base Metal Thickness (U = Unlimited) Welding Process SMAW GMAW FCAW Joint Designation B-U2 B-U2-GF T1 U U Over 1/2 to 1 SAW B-L2c-S Over 1 to 11/2 Over 1-1/2 to 2 T2
Groove Preparation Tolerances Root Opening Root Face Groove Angle As Detailed As Fit-Up R = 0 to 1/8 +1/16. -0 +1/16. 1/8 f = 0 to 1/8 +1/16, -0 Not limited +10, -0 +10, -5 = 60 R = 0 to 1/8 +1/16. -0 +1/16. 1/8 f = 0 to 1/8 +1/16, -0 Not limited +10, -0 +10, -5 = 60 R=0 f = 1/4 max = 60 +1/16. 0 R=0 R = 0 f = 1/2 max f = +0, -f 1/16 +10, -5 = 60 = +10, -0 R=0 f = 5/8 max = 60
Permitted Welding Positions All All
Gas Shielding for FCAW Not Required
Notes C, D, N A, C N
C, N
Figure E.2 (Sheet 3) Prequalified Complete Joint Preparation (CJP) Groove Welded Joint Details (see 3.9) Top Single V-groove weld, corner joint Bottom Single-V-groove weld, butt joint
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Single-groove weld (2) Corner joint (C)
BACKGOUGE
f T1 T2
Base Metal Thickness (U = Unlimited) Welding Process SMAW GMAW FCAW SAW Joint Designation C-U2 T1 U T2 U
C-U2-GF
C-U2b-S
Groove Preparation Tolerances Root Opening Root Face Groove Angle As Detailed As Fit-Up R=0 to 1/8 +1/16, -0 +1/16, -1/8 f=0 to 1/8 +1/16, -0 Not limited +10, -0 +10, -5 =60 R=0 to 1/8 +1/16, -0 +1/16, -1/8 f=0 to 1/8 +1/16, -0 Not limited +10, -0 +10, -5 =60 R=0 to 1/8 +1/16, -0 0 f=1/4 max +0, -1/4 1/16 =60 +10, -0 +10, -5
Notes C, D, J, N A, C, J, N
All
C, J, N
BACKGOUGE
Spacer SAW SMAW
Tolerances As Detailed As Fit-Up +1/4, -0 R = 0 +1/16, -0 f = 0 +10, -5 = +10, -0 +1/16, -0 0 +1/8, -0 0
T1 f R
Base Metal Thickness (U = Unlimited) T2 T1 U Spacer = 1/8 x R U Spacer = 1/4 x R Groove Preparation Root Opening R = 1/4 R = 3/8 R = 1/2 R = 5/8 Root Face f = 0 to 1/8 f = 0 to 1/8 f = 0 to 1/8 f = 0 to 1/4 Groove Angle Permitted Welding Positions All F, V, OH F, V, OH F Gas Shielding for FCAW
Joint Designation B-U3a
Notes C, D, M, N C, M, N
= 45 = 30 = 20 = 20
SAW
B-U3a-S
Figure E.2 (Sheet 4) Prequalified Complete Joint Preparation (CJP) Groove Welded Joint Details (see 3.9) Top Single-V-groove weld, corner joint Bottom Double-V-groove weld, butt joint
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For B-U3c-S only T1 S1 Over 2 To 2-1/2 1-3/8 2-1/2 3 1-3/4 3 3-5/8 2-1/8 3-5/8 4 2-3/8 4 4-3/4 2-3/4 4-3/4 5-1/2 3-1/4 5-1/2 6-1/4 3-3/4 For T1 > 6-1/4 or T1 2 S1 = 2/3 (T1 - 1/4)
BACKGOUGE T1
S1
f R S2
Base Metal Thickness (U = Unlimited) Welding Process SMAW GMAW FCAW SAW Joint Designation B-U3b U B-U3-GF T1 T2 Groove Preparation Tolerances Root Opening Root Face Groove Angle As Detailed As Fit-Up R = 0 to 1/8 f = 0 to 1/8 = = 60 +1/16. -0 +1/16. -0 +10, -0 +1/16, -1/8 Not limited +10, -5
Notes C, D, M, N A, C, M, N C, M, N
B-U3c-S
R=0 +1/16. -0 +1/16. -0 f = 1/4 min +1/4. -0 +1/4. -0 +10, -0 +10, -5 = = 60 To find S1 see table above; S2 = T1 (S1 + f)
Single-bevel-groove weld (4) Butt joint (B)
R T1
Welding Process SMAW GMAW FCAW
Joint Designation B-U4a B-U4a-GF
Base Metal Thickness (U = Unlimited) T2 T1 U U
Groove Preparation Root Opening R = 1/4 R = 3/8 R = 3/16 R = 1/4 R = 3/8 Groove Angle = 45 = 30 = 30 = 45 = 30
Permitted Welding Positions All All All All F
Gas Shielding for FCAW Required Not req. Not req.
Notes Br, D, N Br, D, N A, Br, N A, Br, N A, Br, N
Figure E.2 (Sheet 5) Prequalified Complete Joint Preparation (CJP) Groove Welded Joint Details (see 3.9) Top Double -V -groove weld, butt joint Bottom Single-bevel-groove weld, butt joint
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Single-bevel-groove weld (4) T-joint (T) Corner joint (C)
T1
R T2
Base Metal Thickness (U = Unlimited) T2 T1 U U U U U U Groove Preparation Root Opening R = 1/4 R = 3/8 R = 3/16 R = 3/8 R = 1/4 R = 3/8 R = 1/4 Groove Angle = 45 = 30 = 30 = 30 = 45 = 30 = 45 Permitted Welding Positions All F, V, OH All F All F Gas Shielding for FCAW Required Not req. Not req.
Welding Process SMAW GMAW FCAW SAW
Joint Designation TC-U4a TC-U4a-GF TC-U4a-S
Notes D, J, N, V D, J, N, V A, J, N, V A, J, N, V A, J, N, V J, N, V
Single-bevel-groove weld (4) Butt joint (B)
R T1 BACKGOUGE
Base Metal Thickness (U = Unlimited) Welding Process SMAW GMAW FCAW Joint Designation B-U4b B-U4b-GF T1 U U T2
Groove Preparation Root Opening Tolerances Root Face Groove Angle As Detailed As Fit-Up R = 0 to 1/8 f = 0 to 1/8 = 45 +1/16. 0 +1/16, -0 +10, -0 +1/16. 1/8 Not limited +10, -5
Notes Br, C, D, N A, Br, C, N
Figure E.2 (Sheet 6) Prequalified Complete Joint Preparation (CJP) Groove Welded Joint Details (see 3.9) Top Single-bevel-groove weld, T- or corner joint Bottom Single-bevel-groove weld, butt joint
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Single-bevel-groove weld (4) T-joint (T) Corner joint (C)
T1
BACKGOUGE
f T2
Base Metal Thickness (U = Unlimited) Welding Process SMAW GMAW FCAW SAW Joint Designation TC-U4b TC-U4b-GF TC-U4b-S T1 U U U T2 U U U
R
Groove Preparation Tolerances Root Opening Root Face Groove Angle As Detailed As Fit-Up R = 0 to 1/8 f = 0 to 1/8 = 45 R=0 f = 1/4 max = 60 +1/16. 0 +1/16, -0 +10, -0 0 +0, -1/8 +10, -0 +1/16. 1/8 Not limited +10, -5 +1/4 -0 1/16 +10, -5
Permitted Welding Positions All All F
Notes C, D, J, N, V A, C, J, N, V C, J, N, V
Double-bevel-groove weld (5) Butt joint (B) T-joint (T) Corner joint (C)
Tolerances As Detailed R = 0 As Fit-Up +1/4, -0 1/16 +10, -5 +1/8, -0
BACKGOUGE f
Spacer
f = +1/16, -0 = +10, -0 +1/16, -0
f R T2 T1
Welding Process Joint Designation B-U5b Base Metal Thickness (U = Unlimited) T2 T1 U Spacer = U 1/8 x R U Spacer = 1/4 x R
Groove Preparation Root Opening R = 1/4 Root Face f = 0 to 1/8 Groove Angle = 45 = 45
Gas Shielding for FCAW
Notes Br, C, D, M, N C, D, J, M, N, V C, D, J, M, N, V
SMAW TC-U5a
R = 1/4 U R = 3/8
f = 0 to 1/8
All
f = 0 to 1/8
= 30
F, OH
Figure E.2 (Sheet 7) Prequalified Complete Joint Preparation (CJP) Groove Welded Joint Details (see 3.9) Top Single-bevel-groove weld, T- or corner joint Bottom Double-bevel-groove weld, butt, or T-, or corner joint
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Double-bevel-groove weld (5) Butt joint (B)
BACKGOUGE
T1
Base Metal Thickness (U = Unlimited) Welding Process SMAW Joint Designation B-U5a T1 U T2 Groove Preparation Root Opening Tolerances Root Face Groove Angle As Detailed As Fit-Up +1/16. 0 +1/16. 1/8 R = 0 to 1/8 +1/16, -0 Not limited f = 0 to 1/8 = 45 + +10 + +10 0 5 = 0 to 15 R=0 + 1/16 -0, +1/16 1/8 f = 0 to 1/8 + 1/16 -0, Not limited += = 45 += + 10, -5 + 10, -0 = 0 to 15
Permitted Welding Positions

All
Gas Shielding for FCAW
Notes
Br, C, D, M, N
GMAW FCAW
B-U5-GF
All
Not required
A, Br, C, M, N
Double-bevel-groove weld (5) T-joint (T) Corner joint (C)
BACKGOUGE T1
f T2 R
Base Metal Thickness (U = Unlimited) Welding Process SMAW GMAW FCAW SAW Joint Designation TC-U5b TC-U5-GF TC-U5-S T1 U U U T2 U U U
Groove Preparation Root Opening Tolerances Root Face Groove Angle As Detailed As Fit-Up R = 0 to 1/8 f = 0 to 1/8 = 45 R=0 f = 3/16 max = 60 +1/16. -0 +1/16, -0 +10, -0 0 +0, -3/16 +10, -0 +1/16. -1/8 Not limited +10, -5 +1/16 -0 1/16 +10, -5
Permitted Welding Positions All All F
Notes C, D, J, M, N, V A, C, J, M, N, V C, J, M, N, V
Figure E.2 (Sheet 8) Prequalified Complete Joint Preparation (CJP) Groove Welded Joint Details (see 3.9) Top Double-bevel-groove weld, butt joint Bottom Double-bevel-groove weld, T-, or corner joint
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Single-U-groove (6) Butt joint (B) Corner joint (C)
r T1 f R T2
Base Metal Thickness (U = Unlimited) T2 T1 U U Tolerances As Detailed As Fit-Up R = +1/16, -0 +1/16, -1/8 +10, -5 = +10, -0 f = 1/16 Not Limited r = +1/8, -0 +1/8, -0
BACKGOUGE r
BACKGOUGE
T1 f R
Groove Preparation Root Opening R=0 to 1/8 R=0 to 1/8 R=0 to 1/8 Groove Angle = 45 = 20 = 45 Root Face f = 1/8 f = 1/8 f = 1/8 Groove Radius r = 1/4 r = 1/4 r = 1/4
Welding Process
Joint Designation B-U6
Permitted Welding Positions All F, OH All
Gas Shielding For FCAW
Notes C, D, N C, D, N C, D, J, N C, D, J, N A, C, N A, C, N, J
SMAW C-U6 U U
R=0 to 1/8 GMAW FCAW B-U6-GF C-U6-GF U U U U R=0 to 1/8 R=0 to 1/8
= 20 = 20 = 20
f = 1/8 f = 1/8 f = 1/8
r = 1/4 r = 1/4 r = 1/4
F, OH All All
Not req. Not req.
Double-U-groove (7) Butt joint (B)
BACKGOUGE T1
Tolerances As Detailed As Fit-Up For B-U7 and B-U7-GF R = +1/16, -0 +1/16, -1/8 +10, -5 = +10, -0 f = 1/16, -0 Not Limited r = +1/4, -0 1/16 For B-U7-S R = 0 +1/16, -0 f = +0, -1/4 1/16
r R
Welding Process
Joint Designation
Groove Preparation Root Opening R=0 to 1/8 Groove Angle = 45 = 20 = 20 = 20 Root Face f = 1/8 f = 1/8 f = 1/8 f = 1/4 max Groove Radius r = 1/4 r = 1/4 r = 1/4 r = 1/4
Permitted Welding Positions All F, OH All F
Gas Shielding for FCAW Not required .
Notes C, D, M, N C, D, M, N A, C, M, N C, M, N
SMAW
B-U7
R=0 to 1/8
GMAW FCAW SAW
B-U7-GF B-U7-S
U U
R=0 to 1/8 R=0
Figure E.2 (Sheet 9) Prequalified Complete Joint Preparation (CJP) Groove Welded Joint Details (see 3.9) Top Single-U-groove weld, butt or corner joint Bottom Double-U-groove weld, butt joint
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Single-J-groove weld (8) Butt joint (B)
T1 f
Tolerances As Detailed As Fit-Up R = +1/16, -0 +1/16, -1/8 +10, -5 = +10, -0 f = +1/16, -0 Not Limited r = +1/4, -0 1/16
BACKGOUGE
Joint Designation B-U8 B-U8-GF
Groove Preparation Root Opening R=0 to 1/8 R=0 to 1/8 Groove Angle = 45 = 30 Root Face f = 1/8 f = 1/8 Groove Radius r = 3/8 r = 3/8
Gas Shielding For FCAW Not required
Notes Br, C, D, N A, Br, C, N,
Single-J-groove weld (8) T-joint (T) Corner joint (C)
r T1 f R T2
BACKGOUGE
Groove Preparation Root Opening R=0 to 1/8 Groove Angle = 45 = 30 = 30 Root Face f = 1/8 f = 1/8 f = 1/8 Groove Radius r = 3/8 r = 3/8 r = 3/8
Welding Process
Joint Designation
Notes C, D, J N, V C, D, J N, V A, C, J, N, V
SMAW
TC-U8a
U R=0 to 1/8
GMAW FCAW
TC-U8a-GF
R=0 to 1/8
Figure E.2 (Sheet 10) Prequalified Complete Joint Preparation (CJP) Groove Welded Joint Details (see 3.9) Top Single-J-groove weld, butt joint Bottom Single-J-groove weld, T- or corner joint
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Double-J-groove (9) Butt joint (B)
T1 S1 f R r BACKGOUGE S2
Joint Designation B-U9 B-U9-GF
Groove Preparation Root Opening R=0 to 1/8 R=0 to 1/8 Groove Angle = 45 = 30 Root Face f = 1/8 f = 1/8 Groove Radius r = 3/8 r = 3/8
Gas Shielding For FCAW Not required
Notes Br, C, D, M, N A, Br, C, M, N
Double-J-groove weld (9) T-joint (T) Corner joint (C)
r T1 f R T2 r
BACKGOUGE
Welding Process
Joint Designation
Groove Preparation Root Opening R=0 to 1/8 Groove Angle = 45 = 30 = 30 Root Face f = 1/8 f = 1/8 f = 1/8 Groove Radius r = 3/8 r = 3/8 r = 3/8
Notes C, D, J, M, N, V C, D, J, M, V A, C, J, M, N, V
SMAW
TC-U9a
U R=0 to 1/8
GMAW FCAW
TC-U9a-GF
R=0 to 1/8
Figure E.2 (Sheet 11) Prequalified Complete Joint Preparation (CJP) Groove Welded Joint Details (see 3.9) Top Double-J-groove weld, butt joint Bottom Double-J-groove weld, T- or corner joint
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Tacom Weld Code Steel

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19207-12479550

Design Activity U.S. Army Tank-Automotive and Armaments Command

TARDEC/UDLP Weld Team

Ground Combat Vehicle Welding Code Steel

Status: RELEASED Date: 6/3/03

Status: RELEASED Date: 6/3/03

Specification Cross Reference

TARDEC/UDLP Weld Team Charter Members

Status: RELEASED Date: 6/3/03

Table P.1 Cross Reference Table

Status: RELEASED Date: 6/3/03

2 2.1 3 3.1 3.2

Limitation of WPS Variables ..................................................................................................... 23 General WPS Requirements...................................................................................................... 23

Status: RELEASED Date: 6/3/03

Partial Joint Penetration Requirements................................................................................... 26

Complete Joint Penetration Groove Weld Requirements ...................................................... 26

4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9

4.14 Procedure Qualification Variables............................................................................................ 48

Status: RELEASED Date: 6/3/03

4.17 Examination Procedures and Acceptance Criteria................................................................. 55

4.18 Performance Qualification Variables ....................................................................................... 57

Welding Consumables and Electrode Requirements............................................................. 64

WPS Variables ............................................................................................................................ 66 Preheat and Interpass Temperatures....................................................................................... 66

Status: RELEASED Date: 6/3/03

Backing, Backing Gas, or Inserts ............................................................................................. 67 Backing ....................................................................................................................................... 67

Welding Environment ................................................................................................................ 67

Compliance with Design............................................................................................................ 67

5.10 Preparation of Base Metal ......................................................................................................... 67 5.11 Tack Welds ................................................................................................................................. 67

5.12 Control of Distortion and Shrinkage ........................................................................................ 68

5.15 Rework/Repairs .......................................................................................................................... 68

5.16 Peening ....................................................................................................................................... 69

6 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4

6.1.3 Inspector Qualification .................................................................................................................................. 70

Status: RELEASED Date: 6/3/03

Obligations of the Contractor ................................................................................................... 71 Nondestructive Testing ............................................................................................................. 71

6.7 6.8 6.9

Stud Application Qualification Requirements......................................................................... 81

Status: RELEASED Date: 6/3/03

Production Control .................................................................................................................... 82

REFERENCED DOCUMENTS .................................................................................................. 104

REQUIREMENTS ...................................................................................................................... 105

Status: RELEASED Date: 6/3/03

Appendix E Prequalified Joint Preparations and Joint Details...................................................... 144

Status: RELEASED Date: 6/3/03

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Status: RELEASED Date: 6/3/03

Status: RELEASED Date: 6/3/03

Status: RELEASED Date: 6/3/03

Status: RELEASED Date: 6/3/03

Status: RELEASED Date: 6/3/03

Standard Units of Measurement

Values in this code will normally be stated in U.S. customary units.

Status: RELEASED Date: 6/3/03

Design of Welded Connections

Status: RELEASED Date: 6/3/03

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Status: RELEASED Date: 6/3/03

Base Metal/Filler Metal Combinations

Minimum Preheat and Interpass Temperature Requirements

Status: RELEASED Date: 6/3/03

Status: RELEASED Date: 6/3/03

Status: RELEASED Date: 6/3/03