Glencoe Geo Chapter 2 Workbook

Chapter 2
Resource Masters
Consumable Workbooks Many of the worksheets contained in the Chapter Resource
Masters are available as consumable workbooks in both English and Spanish.
ISBN10 ISBN13
Study Guide and Intervention Workbook 0-07-877344-X 978-0-07-877344-0
Skills Practice Workbook 0-07-877346-6 978-0-07-877346-4
Practice Workbook 0-07-877347-4 978-0-07-877347-1
Word Problem Practice Workbook 0-07-877349-0 978-0-07-877349-5
Spanish Versions
Study Guide and Intervention Workbook 0-07-877345-8 978-0-07-877345-7
Practice Workbook 0-07-877348-2 978-0-07-877348-8
Answers for Workbooks The answers for Chapter 2 of these workbooks can be found
in the back of this Chapter Resource Masters booklet.
StudentWorks PlusTM This CD-ROM includes the entire Student Edition test along with
the English workbooks listed above.
TeacherWorks PlusTM All of the materials found in this booklet are included for viewing,
printing, and editing in this CD-ROM.
Spanish Assessment Masters (ISBN10: 0-07-877350-4, ISBN13: 978-0-07-877350-1)

These masters contain a Spanish version of Chapter 2 Test Form 2A and Form 2C.
Copyright © by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Permission is

granted to reproduce the material contained herein on the condition that such material
be reproduced only for classroom use; be provided to students, teachers, and families
without charge; and be used solely in conjunction with Glencoe Geometry. Any other
reproduction, for use or sale, is prohibited without prior written permission of the
publisher.
Send all inquiries to:

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ISBN13: 978-0-07-873959-0
ISBN10: 0-07-873959-4 Geometry CRM2
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CONTENTS
Teacher’s Guide to Using the Chapter 2 Skills Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Resource Masters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Word Problem Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Chapter Resources Enrichment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Student-Built Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Anticipation Guide (English) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Lesson 2-6
Anticipation Guide (Spanish) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Algebraic Proof
Lesson Reading Guide. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Lesson 2-1 Study Guide and Intervention . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Inductive Reasoning and Conjecture Skills Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Lesson Reading Guide. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Study Guide and Intervention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Word Problem Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Skills Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Enrichment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Word Problem Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Lesson 2-7
Enrichment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Proving Segment Relationships
Graphing Calculator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Lesson Reading Guide. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Study Guide and Intervention . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Lesson 2-2 Skills Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Logic Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Lesson Reading Guide. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Word Problem Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Study Guide and Intervention . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Enrichment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Skills Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Lesson 2-8
Word Problem Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Proving Angle Relationships
Enrichment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Lesson Reading Guide. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Spreadsheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Study Guide and Intervention . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Skills Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Lesson 2-3 Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Conditional Statements Word Problem Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Lesson Reading Guide. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Enrichment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Skills Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Assessment
Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Student Recording Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Word Problem Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Rubric for Pre-AP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Enrichment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Chapter 1 Quizzes 1 and 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Chapter 1 Quizzes 3 and 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Lesson 2-4 Chapter 1 Mid-Chapter Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Deductive Reasoning Chapter 1 Vocabulary Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Lesson Reading Guide. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Chapter 1 Test, Form 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Study Guide and Intervention . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Chapter 1 Test, Form 2A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Skills Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Chapter 1 Test, Form 2B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Chapter 1 Test, Form 2C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Word Problem Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Chapter 1 Test, Form 2D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Enrichment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Chapter 1 Test, Form 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Chapter 1 Extended Response Test . . . . . . . . 81
Lesson 2-5 Standardized Test Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Postulates and Paragraph Proofs
Lesson Reading Guide. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A1–A40
iii
Teacher’s Guide to Using the
Chapter 2 Resource Masters
The Chapter 2 Resource Masters includes the core materials needed for Chapter 2.
These materials include worksheets, extensions, and assessment options. The
answers for these pages appear at the back of this booklet.
All of the materials found in this booklet are included for viewing and printing on
the TeacherWorks PlusTM CD-ROM.
Chapter Resources Study Guide and Intervention These

Student-Built Glossary (pages 1–2) masters provide vocabulary, key concepts,
These masters are a student study tool additional worked-out examples and
that presents up to twenty of the key Check Your Progress exercises to use as a
vocabulary terms from the chapter. reteaching activity. It can also be used in
Students are to record definitions and/or conjunction with the Student Edition as an
examples for each term. You may suggest instructional tool for students who have
that students highlight or star the terms been absent.
with which they are not familiar. Give this
to students before beginning Lesson 2-1. Skills Practice This master focuses more
Encourage them to add these pages to their on the computational nature of the lesson.
mathematics study notebooks. Remind Use as an additional practice option or as
them to complete the appropriate words as homework for second-day teaching of the
they study each lesson. lesson.
Anticipation Guide (pages 3–4) This Practice This master closely follows the
master, presented in both English and types of problems found in the Exercises
Spanish, is a survey used before beginning section of the Student Edition and includes
the chapter to pinpoint what students may word problems. Use as an additional
or may not know about the concepts in the practice option or as homework for second-
chapter. Students will revisit this survey day teaching of the lesson.
after they complete the chapter to see if
their perceptions have changed. Word Problem Practice This master
includes additional practice in solving word
problems that apply the concepts of the
Lesson Resources lesson. Use as an additional practice or as
Lesson Reading Guide Get Ready for the homework for second-day teaching of the
Lesson extends the discussion from the lesson.
beginning of the Student Edition lesson.
Read the Lesson asks students to interpret Enrichment These activities may extend
the context of and relationships among the concepts of the lesson, offer an
terms in the lesson. Finally, Remember historical or multicultural look at the
What You Learned asks students to concepts, or widen students’ perspectives
summarize what they have learned using on the mathematics they are learning.
various representation techniques. Use as a They are written for use with all levels of
study tool for note taking or as an informal students.
reading assignment. It is also a helpful tool
for ELL (English Language Learners).
iv
Graphing Calculator, Scientific Leveled Chapter Tests
Calculator, or Spreadsheet Activities • Form 1 contains multiple-choice
These activities present ways in which questions and is intended for use with
technology can be used with the concepts below grade level students.
in some lessons of this chapter. Use as an • Forms 2A and 2B contain multiple-
alternative approach to some concepts or choice questions aimed at on grade level
as an integral part of your lesson students. These tests are similar in
presentation. format to offer comparable testing
situations.
Assessment Options • Forms 2C and 2D contain free-response
The assessment masters in the Chapter 2 questions aimed at on grade level
Resource Masters offer a wide range of students. These tests are similar in
assessment tools for formative (monitoring) format to offer comparable testing
assessment and summative (final) situations.
assessment. • Form 3 is a free-response test for use
with above grade level students.
Student Recording Sheet This master All of the above mentioned tests include a
corresponds with the standardized test free-response Bonus question.
practice at the end of the chapter.
Extended-Response Test Performance
Pre-AP Rubric This master provides assessment tasks are suitable for all
information for teachers and students on students. Sample answers and a scoring
how to assess performance on open-ended rubric are included for evaluation.
questions.
Standardized Test Practice These three
Quizzes Four free-response quizzes offer pages are cumulative in nature. It includes
assessment at appropriate intervals in the three parts: multiple-choice questions with
chapter. bubble-in answer format, griddable
questions with answer grids, and short-
Mid-Chapter Test This 1-page test answer free-response questions.
provides an option to assess the first half of
the chapter. It parallels the timing of the Answers
Mid-Chapter Quiz in the Student Edition • The answers for the Anticipation Guide
and includes both multiple-choice and free- and Lesson Resources are provided as
response questions. reduced pages with answers appearing
in red.
Vocabulary Test This test is suitable for • Full-size answer keys are provided for
all students. It includes a list of vocabulary the assessment masters.
words and 10 questions to assess students’
knowledge of those words. This can also be
used in conjunction with one of the leveled
chapter tests.
v
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
2 Student-Built Glossary
This is an alphabetical list of the key vocabulary terms you will learn in Chapter 2.
Chapter Resources
As you study the chapter, complete each term’s definition or description. Remember
to add the page number where you found the term. Add these pages to your
Geometry Study Notebook to review vocabulary at the end of the chapter.
Found
Vocabulary Term Definition/Description/Example
on Page
conclusion
conditional statement
conjecture
kuhn·JEK·chur
conjunction
contrapositive
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
converse
counterexample
deductive argument
deductive reasoning
disjunction
(continued on the next page)
Chapter 2 1 Glencoe Geometry

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
2 Student-Built Glossary (continued)
Found
Vocabulary Term Definition/Description/Example
on Page
hypothesis
if-then statement
inductive reasoning
inverse
negation
paragraph proof

postulate
proof
related conditionals
theorem
truth value
two-column proof

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
2 Anticipation Guide
Reasoning and Proof
Chapter Resources
STEP 1 Before you begin Chapter 2
• Read each statement.
• Decide whether you Agree (A) or Disagree (D) with the statement.
• Write A or D in the first column OR if you are not sure whether you agree or
disagree, write NS (Not Sure).
STEP 1 STEP 2
Statement
A, D, or NS A or D
1. Inductive reasoning is reasoning that uses facts to reach
logical conclusions.
2. A conjecture is an educated guess based on known
information.
3. A conjunction is two statements joined by the word or.
4. A statement that can be written in if-then form is called
a conditional statement.
5. Statements are logically equivalent if they both have
the same truth values.
6. Deductive reasoning uses examples to make a conclusion.
7. A postulate is a mathematical statement that you must

prove to be true.
8. A paragraph written to explain why a conjecture is true
is called an informal proof.
9. Properties of Equality, postulates, and theorems can all
be used to justify steps in a proof.
10. Once a statement has been proved, it can be used to
prove other statements.
11. If two angles form a linear pair, then they are
complimentary angles.
12. Congruence of angles is reflexive and symmetric, but
not transitive.
STEP 2 After you complete Chapter 2

• Reread each statement and complete the last column by entering an A or a D.
• Did any of your opinions about the statements change from the first column?
• For those statements that you mark with a D, use a piece of paper to write an
example of why you disagree.

NOMBRE ____________________________________________ FECHA ____________ PERÍODO _____
2 Ejercicios preparatorios
Razonamiento y prueba
PASO 1 Antes de comenzar el Capítulo 2

• Lee cada enunciado.
• Decide si estás de acuerdo (A) o en desacuerdo (D) con el enunciado.
• Escribe A o D en la primera columna O si no estás seguro(a) de la respuesta,
escribe NS (No estoy seguro(a).
PASO 1 PASO 2
Enunciado
A, D o NS AoD
1. El razonamiento inductivo usa hechos para sacar
conclusiones lógicas.
2. Una conjetura es una suposición informada que se basa
en información conocida.
3. Una conjunción son dos enunciados unidos por la palabra o.
4. Un enunciado que puede escribirse de la forma
si-entonces, se llama enunciado condicional.
5. Los enunciados son lógicamente equivalentes si ambos
tienen los mismos valores verdaderos.
6. El razonamiento deductivo usa ejemplos para sacar una
conclusión.

7. Un postulado es un enunciado matemático que debes
probar para que sea verdadero.
8. Un postulado que se escribe para explicar por qué una
conjetura es verdadera se llama prueba informal.
9. Las propiedades de igualdad, los postulados y los teoremas
se pueden usar para justificar los pasos en una prueba.
10. Una vez que se prueba un enunciado, éste puede usarse
para probar otros enunciados.
11. Si dos ángulos forman un par lineal, entonces son
ángulos complementarios.
12. La congruencia entre ángulos es reflexiva y simétrica,
pero no transitiva.
PASO 2 Después de completar el Capítulo 2

• Vuelve a leer cada enunciado y completa la última columna con una A o una D.
• ¿Cambió cualquiera de tus opiniones sobre los enunciados de la primera columna?
• En una hoja de papel aparte, escribe un ejemplo de por qué estás en desacuerdo con los
enunciados que marcaste con una D.
Capítulo 2 4 Geometría de Glencoe

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
2-1 Lesson Reading Guide

Inductive Reasoning and Conjecture
Get Ready for the Lesson
Read the introduction to Lesson 2-1 in your textbook.
• How could people in the ancient Orient use inductive reasoning be used to assist
in farming?
• Give an example of when you might use inductive reasoning in your daily life.
Lesson 2-1
Read the Lesson
1. Explain in your own words the relationship between a conjecture, a counterexample, and
inductive reasoning.
2. Make a conjecture about the next item in each sequence.

1 1 1
a. 5, 9, 13, 17 b. 1, ᎏᎏ, ᎏᎏ, ᎏᎏ
3 9 27
c. 0, 1, 3, 6, 10 d. 8, 3, ⫺2, ⫺7
e. 1, 8, 27, 64 f. 1, ⫺2, 4, ⫺8
g. h.
3. State whether each conjecture is true or false. If the conjecture is false, give a
counterexample.
a. The sum of two odd integers is even.
b. The product of an odd integer and an even integer is odd.
c. The opposite of an integer is a negative integer.
d. The perfect squares (squares of whole numbers) alternate between odd and even.
Remember What You Learned

4. Write a short sentence that can help you remember why it only takes one counterexample
to prove that a conjecture is false.

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
2-1 Study Guide and Intervention

Make Conjectures A conjecture is a guess based on analyzing information or
observing a pattern. Making a conjecture after looking at several situations is called
inductive reasoning.
Example 1 Make a conjecture about Example 2 Make

the next number in the sequence 1, 3, 9, a conjecture about
27, 81. the number of small
Analyze the numbers: squares in the next figure.
Notice that each number is a power of 3. Observe a pattern: The sides of the squares
1 3 9 27 81 have measures 1, 2, and 3 units.
Conjecture: For the next figure, the side of
30 31 32 33 34
the square will be 4 units, so the figure
Conjecture: The next number will be 35 or 243. will have 16 small squares.
Exercises
Describe the pattern. Then make a conjecture about the next number in the
sequence.
1. ⫺5, 10, ⫺20, 40
2. 1, 10, 100, 1000
6 7 8
3. 1, ᎏᎏ, ᎏᎏ, ᎏᎏ

5 5 5
Make a conjecture based on the given information. Draw a figure to illustrate

your conjecture.
4. A(⫺1, ⫺1), B(2, 2), C(4, 4) 5. ⬔1 and ⬔2 form a right angle.
6. ⬔ABC and ⬔DBE are vertical angles. 7. ⬔E and ⬔F are right angles.

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
2-1 Study Guide and Intervention (continued)

Find Counterexamples A conjecture is false if there is even one situation in which the
conjecture is not true. The false example is called a counterexample.
Example Determine whether the conjecture is true or false.

If it is false, give a counterexample.
Given: ABB C

Conjecture: B is the midpoint of A C
.
Is it possible to draw a diagram with such that B is
Lesson 2-1
AB BC C
not the midpoint? This diagram is a counterexample because 3 cm
point B is not on AC. The conjecture is false. A 3 cm B
Exercises
Determine whether each conjecture is true or false. Give a counterexample for
any false conjecture.
1. Given: Points A, B, and C are collinear. 2. Given: ⬔R and ⬔S are supplementary.

Conjecture: AB ⫹ BC ⫽ AC ⬔R and ⬔T are supplementary.
Conjecture: ⬔T and ⬔S are congruent.
3. Given: ⬔ABC and ⬔DEF are 4. Given: ⊥E

DE F

supplementary. Conjecture: ⬔DEF is a right angle.
Conjecture: ⬔ABC and ⬔DEF form
a linear pair.

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
2-1 Skills Practice

Make a conjecture about the next item in each sequence.
1.
11 9
2. ⫺4, ⫺1, 2, 5, 8 3. 6, ᎏᎏ, 5, ᎏᎏ, 4 4. ⫺2, 4, ⫺8, 16, ⫺32
2 2

your conjecture.
5. Points A, B, and C are collinear, Q

6. Point P is the midpoint of N .
and D is between B and C.
7. ⬔1, ⬔2, ⬔3, and ⬔4 form four 8. ⬔3 ⬔4

linear pairs.

9. Given: ⬔ABC and ⬔CBD form a linear pair.

Conjecture: ⬔ABC ⬔CBD
10. Given:
AB, B
C
, and A
C are congruent.
Conjecture: A, B, and C are collinear.
11. Given: AB ⫹ BC ⫽ AC
Conjecture: AB ⫽ BC
12. Given: ⬔1 is complementary to ⬔2, and ⬔1 is complementary to ⬔3.

Conjecture: ⬔2 ⬔3

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
2-1 Practice
Make a conjecture about the next item in each sequence.
1.
1 1 1
2. 5, ⫺10, 15, ⫺20 3. ⫺2, 1, ⫺ᎏᎏ, ᎏᎏ, ⫺ᎏᎏ 4. 12, 6, 3, 1.5, 0.75
2 4 8
Lesson 2-1
your conjecture.
5. ⬔ABC is a right angle. 6. Point S is between R and T.
7. P, Q, R, and S are noncollinear 8. ABCD is a parallelogram.

and
PQ
QR RS .
SP

9. Given: S, T, and U are collinear and ST ⫽ TU.

U
Conjecture: T is the midpoint of S .
10. Given: ⬔1 and ⬔2 are adjacent angles.

Conjecture: ⬔1 and ⬔2 form a linear pair.
11. Given: and J

GH K
form a right angle and intersect at P.
H
Conjecture: G⊥J K

12. ALLERGIES Each spring, Rachel starts sneezing when the pear trees on her street blossom.
She reasons that she is allergic to pear trees. Find a counterexample to Rachel’s conjecture.

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
2-1 Word Problem Practice

1. RAMPS Rodney is rolling marbles down 4. MEDALS Barbara is in charge of the
a ramp. Every second that passes, he award medals for a sporting event. She
measures how far the marbles travel. He has 31 medals to give out to various
records the information in the table individuals on 6 competing teams. She
shown below. asserts that at least one team will end
up with more than 5 medals. Do you
Second 1st 2nd 3rd 4th believe her assertion? If you do, try to
Distance (cm) 20 60 100 140 explain why you think her assertion is
true, and if you do not, explain how she
Make a conjecture about how far the can be wrong.
marble will roll in the fifth second.
2. PRIMES A prime number is a number

other than 1 that is divisible by only
itself and 1. Lucille read that prime PATTERNS For Exercises 5–7, use the
numbers are very important in following information.
cryptography, so she decided to find a The figure shows a sequence of squares
systematic way of producing prime each made out of identical square tiles.
numbers. After some experimenting,
she conjectured that 2n ⫺ 1 is a prime
for all whole numbers n ⬎ 1. Find a
counterexample to this conjecture.

5. Starting from zero tiles, how many tiles
do you need to make the first square?
How many tiles do you have to add
3. GENEOLOGY Miranda is developing to the first square to get the second
a chart that shows her ancestry. She square? How many tiles do you have
makes the three sketches shown below. to add to the second square to get the
The first dot represents herself. The third square?
second sketch represents herself and
her parents. The third sketch
represents herself, her parents, and
her grandparents.
6. Make a conjecture about the list of
numbers you started writing in your
answer to Exercise 5.
Sketch what you think would be the

next figure in the sequence.
7. Make a conjecture about the sum of the

first n odd numbers.

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
2-1 Enrichment
Counterexamples
When you make a conclusion after examining several specific
cases, you have used inductive reasoning. However, you must be
cautious when using this form of reasoning. By finding only one
counterexample, you disprove the conclusion.
Example 1
Is the statement ᎏᎏ ⱕ 1 true when you replace x with
x
1, 2, and 3? Is the statement true for all reals? If possible, find a
Lesson 2-1
counterexample.
1 1 1 1 1
ᎏᎏ ⫽ 1, ᎏᎏ ⬍ 1, and ᎏᎏ ⬍ 1. But when x ⫽ ᎏᎏ, then ᎏᎏ ⫽ 2. This counterexample
1 2 3 2 x
shows that the statement is not always true.
Exercises
1. The coldest day of the year in Chicago 2. Suppose John misses the school bus
occurred in January for five straight four Tuesdays in a row. Can you
years. Is it safe to conclude that the safely conclude that John misses the
coldest day in Chicago is always in school bus every Tuesday?
January?
3. Is the equation k2 ⫽ k true when you 4. Is the statement 2x ⫽ x ⫹ x true when

replace k with 1, 2, and 3? Is the 1
you replace x with ᎏᎏ, 4, and 0.7? Is the
equation true for all integers? If 2
statement true for all real numbers?

possible, find a counterexample.
If possible, find a counterexample.
5. Suppose you draw four points A, B, C, 6. Suppose you draw a circle, mark three
and D and then draw A B
, B
C, C
D, and points on it, and connect them. Will the
A
D . Does this procedure give a angles of the triangle be acute? Explain
quadrilateral always or only sometimes? your answers with figures.
Explain your answers with figures.

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
2-1 Graphing Calculator Activity

Conjectures
You can use a graphing calculator to illustrate conjectures you make
about a group of points described by ordered pairs of numbers.
Example Write a conjecture based on the given information. Use a graphing

calculator to illustrate your conjecture.
Given: X(20.5, 41.5), Y(11, 22.5), Z(⫺10.2, ⫺19.9)
Conjecture: X, Y, and Z are collinear.
To illustrate this conjecture, plot the points X, Y, and Z.
Step 1 To plot X, press 2nd [DRAW] .
Select 1: Pt-On( from the menu.
Press 20.5 , 41.5 ) ENTER .
Step 2 To plot Y, press 2nd [QUIT] 2nd [DRAW] .

Press 11 , 22.5 ) ENTER .
Step 3 To plot Z, press 2nd [QUIT] 2nd [DRAW] .

Press (–) 10.2 , (–) 19.9 ) ENTER .
Step 4 To verify that the points are collinear, press 2nd [QUIT] 2nd [DRAW].
Select 2: Line( from the menu.
Draw X苶Z苶 by pressing 20.5 , 41.5 , (–) 10.2 , (–) 19.9 .

) ENTER
The segment drawn shows the points to be collinear.
Exercises
Write a conjecture based on the given information. Use a graphing

calculator to draw a figure to illustrate your conjecture.
1. Given: M(16, 48.6), N(9.2, 28.2), P (⫺12.4, ⫺36.6)
2. Given: A(15, 19), B(15, 25), C(21, 19), D(21, 25)
3. Given: R(⫺14, 10), S(⫺14, ⫺15), T(25, ⫺15)

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

Logic
How can you use logic to help you answer a multiple-choice question on a
standardized test if you are not sure of the correct answer?
Read the Lesson

1. Supply one or two words to complete each sentence.
a. Two or more statements can be joined to form a statement.
b. A statement that is formed by joining two statements with the word or is called a
.
c. The truth or falsity of a statement is called its .
d. A statement that is formed by joining two statements with the word and is called a
.
Lesson 2-2
e. A statement that has the opposite truth value and the opposite meaning from a given
statement is called the of the statement.
2. Use true or false to complete each sentence.
a. If a statement is true, then its negation is .
b. If a statement is false, then its negation is .
c. If two statements are both true, then their conjunction is and
their disjunction is .
d. If two statements are both false, then their conjunction is and
their disjunction is .
e. If one statement is true and another is false, then their conjunction is
and their disjunction is .
3. Consider the following statements:

p: Chicago is the capital of Illinois. q: Sacramento is the capital of California.
Write each statement symbolically and then find its truth value.
a. Sacramento is not the capital of California.
b. Sacramento is the capital of California and Chicago is not the capital of Illinois.

4. Prefixes can often help you to remember the meaning of words or to distinguish between
similar words. Use your dictionary to find the meanings of the prefixes con and dis and
explain how these meanings can help you remember the difference between a
conjunction and a disjunction.

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

Logic
Determine Truth Values A statement is any sentence that is either true or false. The
truth or falsity of a statement is its truth value. A statement can be represented by using a
letter. For example,
Statement p: Chicago is a city in Illinois. The truth value of statement p is true.
Several statements can be joined in a compound statement.
Statement p and statement q joined Statement p and statement q joined Negation: not p is the negation of
by the word and is a conjunction. by the word or is a disjunction. the statement p.
Symbols: p q (Read: p and q) Symbols: p q (Read: p or q) Symbols: p (Read: not p)
The conjunction p q is true only The disjunction p q is true if p is The statements p and p have
when both p and q are true. true, if q is true, or if both are true. opposite truth values.
Example 1 Write a compound Example 2 Write a compound

statement for each conjunction. Then statement for each disjunction. Then
find its truth value. find its truth value.
p: An elephant is a mammal. p: A diameter of a circle is twice the radius.
q: A square has four right angles. q: A rectangle has four equal sides.
a. p ⵩ q a. p ⵪ q
Join the statements with and: An elephant Join the statements p and q with the
is a mammal and a square has four right word or: A diameter of a circle is twice
angles. Both parts of the statement are the radius or a rectangle has four equal
true so the compound statement is true. sides. The first part of the compound
statement, p, is true, so the compound

b. ⬃p ⵩ q
statement is true.
p is the statement “An elephant is not a
mammal.” Join p and q with the word b. ⬃p ⵪ q
and: An elephant is not a mammal and a Join p and q with the word or: A
square has four right angles. The first diameter of a circle is not twice the
part of the compound statement, p, is radius or a rectangle has four equal
false. Therefore the compound statement sides. Neither part of the disjunction is
is false. true, so the compound statement is false.
Exercises
Write a compound statement for each conjunction and disjunction.

Then find its truth value.
p: 10 ⫹ 8 ⫽ 18 q: September has 30 days. r: A rectangle has four sides.
1. p and q .
2. p or r
3. q or r
4. q and r

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
Logic
Truth Tables One way to organize Negation Conjunction Disjunction
the truth values of statements is in a
truth table. The truth tables for p ⬃p p q p⵩q p q p⵪q
negation, conjunction, and disjunction T F T T T T T T
are shown at the right. F T T F F T F T
F T F F T T
F F F F F F
Example 1 Construct a truth Example 2 Construct a truth table for the

table for the compound compound statement p and (q or r).
statement q or r. Use the Use the disjunction table for (q or r). Then use the
disjunction table. conjunction table for p and (q or r).
q r q or r p q r q or r p and (q or r)
T T T T T T T T
T F T T T F T T
F T T T F T T T
Lesson 2-2
F F F T F F F F
F T T T F
F T F T F
F F T T F
F F F F F
Exercises
Construct a truth table for each compound statement.

1. p or r 2. p q 3. q r
4. p r 5. ( p and r) or q

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
2-2 Skills Practice

Logic
Use the following statements to write a compound statement for each conjunction
and disjunction. Then find its truth value.
p: ⫺3 ⫺ 2 ⫽ ⫺5
q: Vertical angles are congruent.
r: 2 ⫹ 8 ⬎ 10
s: The sum of the measures of complementary angles is 90°.
1. p and q
2. p r
3. p or s
4. r s
5. p q
6. q r

Copy and complete each truth table.
7. p q ⬃p ⬃p ⵩ q ⬃(⬃p ⵩ q)
8. p q ⬃q p ⵪ ⬃q
T T T T F
T F T F T
F T F T F
F F F F T
9. q r 10. p r

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
2-2 Practice
Logic
Use the following statements to write a compound statement for each conjunction
and disjunction. Then find its truth value.
p: 60 seconds ⫽ 1 minute
q: Congruent supplementary angles each have a measure of 90.
r: ⫺12 ⫹ 11 ⬍ ⫺1
1. p q
2. q r
3. p q
4. p r
Copy and complete each truth table.
Lesson 2-2
5. p q ⬃p ⬃q ⬃p ⵪ ⬃q
6. p q ⬃p ⬃p ⵪ q p ⵩ (⬃p ⵪ q)
T T T T
T F T F
F T F T
F F F F
7. q (p q) 8. q (p q)
SCHOOL For Exercises 9 and 10, use the following

information. Work Work
The Venn diagram shows the number of students in the band After 3 Weekends
School 17
who work after school or on the weekends. 5
9. How many students work after school and on weekends?
10. How many students work after school or on weekends?

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

Logic
1. HOCKEY Carol asked John if his 4. CIRCUITS In Earl’s house, the dining
hockey team won the game last night room light is controlled by two switches
and if he scored a goal. John said “yes.” according to the following table.
Carol then asked Peter if he or John
Switch A Switch B Light
scored a goal at the game. Peter said
“yes.” What can you conclude about up up off
whether or not Peter scored? up down on
down up on
down down off
If up and on are considered true and

2. CHOCOLATE Nash has a bag of
down and off are considered false, write
miniature chocolate bars that come in
an expression that gives the truth value
two distinct types: dark and milk.
of the light as a function of the truth
Nash picks a chocolate out of the bag.
values of the two switches.
Consider these statements:
p: the chocolate bar is dark chocolate
q: the chocolate bar is milk chocolate
Is the following statement true?
(p q) READING For Exercises 5–7, use the
following information.
Two hundred people were asked what kind
of literature they like to read. They could
choose among novels, poetry, and plays. The
3. VIDEO GAMES Harold is allowed to results are shown in the Venn diagram.

play video games only if he washes the
dishes or takes out the trash. However,
if Harold does not do his homework, he Novels
is not allowed to play video games under 45
any circumstance. Complete the truth
table. 5 38
72
p: Harold has washed the dishes
Poetry Plays
q: Harold has taken out the trash 6
8
26
r: Harold has done his homework
s: Harold is allowed to play video games
p q r s
5. How many people said they like all
T T T
three types of literature?
T T F
T F T
T F F 6. How many like to read poetry?
F T T
F T F
7. What percentage of the people who like
F F T plays also like novels and poetry?
F F F

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
2-2 Enrichment
Sudoku
Sudoku is a math puzzle that requires logic
to solve. A Sudoku puzzle is typically a 5 1 2
9 ⫻ 9 grid with each square subdivided into
1 7 3 5 9 8
nine 3 ⫻ 3 squares. The puzzle starts with
some of the numbers given and the goal is
2 8 4 7 9 3
to fill in the rest using the following rules.
9 1 6 7
• Each row and each column has every
number, 1 through 9, with none repeated. 8 6 9 7 1
• Each 3 ⫻ 3 grid must contain every 3 5 9

number, 1 through 9, with none repeated.
2 7 3 1
3 5 1 6
Lesson 2-2
8 5 3 7
Exercises
1. What is a good starting point? Why?
2. Explain how you can use the second rule to have all the numbers to solve the
larger puzzle.
3. Complete the puzzle.

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
2-2 Spreadsheet Activity

Truth Tables
You can use a spreadsheet to create truth tables.
Example Use a spreadsheet to complete the following truth table.

p q ∼p ∼q p and q p or q ∼p or ∼q
T T
T F
F T
F F
Step 1 Enter the title for each column in row 1.

Step 2 In cells A2, A3, A4, and A5, enter T, T, F, F. Press ENTER after each entry.
Step 3 In cells B2, B3, B4, and B5, enter T, F, T, F. Press ENTER after each entry.
Step 4 In cell C2, enter an equals sign followed by IF(A2⫽"T","F","T"). This will return ~p.
Click on the bottom right corner of cell C2 and drag it to cell C5 to return all four
entries.
Step 5 In cell D2, enter an equals sign followed by IF(B2⫽"T","F","T"). This will return
~q. Click on the bottom right corner of cell D2 and drag it to cell D5 to return all
four entries.
Step 6 In cell E2, enter an equals sign followed by AND(A2⫽"T",B2="T"). This will return
p and q. Click on the bottom right corner of cell E2 and drag it to cell E5 to return
all four entries.
Step 7 In cell F2, enter an equals sign followed by OR(A2⫽"T",B2⫽"T"). This will return p
or q. Click on the bottom right corner of cell F2 and drag it to cell F5 to return all

four entries.
Step 8 In cell G2, enter an equals sign followed by OR(C2⫽"T",D2⫽"T"). This will return
~p or ~q. Click on the bottom right corner of cell G2 and drag it to cell G5 to
return all four entries.
A B C D E F G
1 p q ~p ~q p and q p or q ~p or ~q
2 T T F F TRUE TRUE FALSE
3 T F F T FALSE TRUE TRUE
4 F T T F FALSE TRUE TRUE
5 F F T T FALSE FALSE TRUE
6 Sheet 1 Sheet 2 Sheet 3
Exercises
Use a spreadsheet to complete the following truth table.

p q ~p ~q ~p and q ~p and ~q p or ~q
T T
T F
F T
F F

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

Conditional Statements
Does the second advertising statement in the introduction mean that you will not
get a free phone if you sign a contract for only six months of service? Explain your
answer.
Read the Lesson

1. Identify the hypothesis and conclusion of each statement.
a. If you are a registered voter, then you are at least 18 years old.
b. If two integers are even, their product is even.
2. Complete each sentence.

a. The statement that is formed by replacing both the hypothesis and the conclusion of a
conditional with their negations is the .
b. The statement that is formed by exchanging the hypothesis and conclusion of a
conditional is the .
3. Consider the following statement:

You live in North America if you live in the United States.
a. Write this conditional statement in if-then form and give its truth value. If the
statement is false, give a counterexample.
Lesson 2-3
b. Write the inverse of the given conditional statement in if-then form and give its truth
value. If the statement is false, give a counterexample.
c. Write the contrapositive of the given conditional statement in if-then form and give
its truth value. If the statement is false, give a counterexample.
d. Write the converse of the given conditional statement in if-then form and give its
truth value. If the statement is false, give a counterexample.

4. When working with a conditional statement and its three related conditionals, what is
an easy way to remember which statements are logically equivalent to each other?

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

If-then Statements An if-then statement is a statement such as “If you are reading
this page, then you are studying math.” A statement that can be written in if-then form is
called a conditional statement. The phrase immediately following the word if is the
hypothesis. The phrase immediately following the word then is the conclusion.
A conditional statement can be represented in symbols as p → q, which is read “p implies q”
or “if p, then q.”
Example 1 Identify the hypothesis and conclusion of the statement.

If ⬔X ⬔R and ⬔R ⬔S, then ⬔X ⬔S.
hypothesis conclusion
Example 2 Identify the hypothesis and conclusion.

Write the statement in if-then form.
You receive a free pizza with 12 coupons.
If you have 12 coupons, then you receive a free pizza.
hypothesis conclusion
Exercises
Identify the hypothesis and conclusion of each statement.

1. If it is Saturday, then there is no school.
2. If x ⫺ 8 ⫽ 32, then x ⫽ 40.

3. If a polygon has four right angles, then the polygon is a rectangle.
Write each statement in if-then form.

4. All apes love bananas.
5. The sum of the measures of complementary angles is 90.
6. Collinear points lie on the same line.
Determine the truth value of the following statement for each set of conditions.
If it does not rain this Saturday, we will have a picnic.
7. It rains this Saturday, and we have a picnic.
8. It rains this Saturday, and we don’t have a picnic.
9. It doesn’t rain this Saturday, and we have a picnic.
10. It doesn’t rain this Saturday, and we don’t have a picnic.

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
Converse, Inverse, and Contrapositive If you change the hypothesis or conclusion
of a conditional statement, you form a related conditional. This chart shows the three
related conditionals, converse, inverse, and contrapositive, and how they are related to a
conditional statement.
Symbols Formed by Example

Conditional p→q using the given hypothesis and conclusion If two angles are vertical angles,
then they are congruent.
Converse q→p exchanging the hypothesis and conclusion If two angles are congruent, then
they are vertical angles.
Inverse p → q replacing the hypothesis with its negation If two angles are not vertical angles,
and replacing the conclusion with its negation then they are not congruent.
Contrapositive q → p negating the hypothesis, negating the If two angles are not congruent,
conclusion, and switching them then they are not vertical angles.
Just as a conditional statement can be true or false, the related conditionals also can be true
or false. A conditional statement always has the same truth value as its contrapositive, and
the converse and inverse always have the same truth value.
Exercises
Write the converse, inverse, and contrapositive of each conditional statement. Tell
which statements are true and which statements are false.
1. If you live in San Diego, then you live in California.
Lesson 2-3
2. If a polygon is a rectangle, then it is a square.
3. If two angles are complementary, then the sum of their measures is 90.

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
2-3 Skills Practice

1. If you purchase a computer and do not like it, then you can return it within 30 days.
2. If x ⫹ 8 ⫽ 4, then x ⫽ ⫺4.
3. If the drama class raises $2000, then they will go on tour.
4. A polygon with four sides is a quadrilateral.
5. “Those who stand for nothing fall for anything.” (Alexander Hamilton)

6. An acute angle has a measure less than 90.
If you finish your homework by 5 P.M., then you go out to dinner.
7. You finish your homework by 5 P.M. and you go out to dinner.
8. You finish your homework by 4 P.M. and you go out to dinner.
9. You finish your homework by 5 P.M. and you do not go out to dinner.
10. Write the converse, inverse, and contrapositive of the conditional statement. Determine
whether each statement is true or false. If a statement is false, find a counterexample.
If 89 is divisible by 2, then 89 is an even number.

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
2-3 Practice
1. If 3x ⫹ 4 ⫽ ⫺5, then x ⫽ ⫺3.
2. If you take a class in television broadcasting, then you will film a sporting event.
3. “Those who do not remember the past are condemned to repeat it.” (George Santayana)
4. Adjacent angles share a common vertex and a common side.
If DVD players are on sale for less than $100, then you buy one.
5. DVD players are on sale for $95 and you buy one.
Lesson 2-3
6. DVD players are on sale for $100 and you do not buy one.
7. DVD players are not on sale for under $100 and you do not buy one.
8. Write the converse, inverse, and contrapositive of the conditional statement. Determine
whether each statement is true or false. If a statement is false, find a counterexample.
If (⫺8) 2 ⬎ 0, then ⫺8 ⬎ 0.
SUMMER CAMP For Exercises 9 and 10, use the following information.
Older campers who attend Woodland Falls Camp are expected to work. Campers who are
juniors wait on tables.
9. Write a conditional statement in if-then form.
10. Write the converse of your conditional statement.

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

1. TANNING Maya reads in a paper that VENN DIAGRAMS For Exercises 5–8,
people who tan themselves under use the following information.
the Sun for extended periods are at Jose made this Venn diagram to show how
increased risk of skin cancer. From this rectangles, squares, and rhombi are related.
information, can she conclude that she (A rhombus is a quadrilateral with four
will not increase her risk of skin cancer sides of equal length.)
if she avoids tanning for extended
periods of time?
Squares
Rectangles Rhombi
2. PARALLELOGRAMS Clark says that

being a parallelogram is equivalent
to being a quadrilateral with equal
Let Q be a quadrilateral. For each problem
opposite angles. Write his statement
tell whether the statement is true or false.
in if-then form.
If it is false, provide a counterexample.
5. If Q is a square, then Q a rectangle.
3. AIR TRAVEL Ulma is waiting to board

an airplane. Over the speakers she
hears a flight attendant say “If you are

seated in rows 10 to 20, you may now 6. If Q is not a rectangle, then Q is not a
board.” What are the inverse, converse, rhombus.
and the contrapositive of this statement?
7. If Q is a rectangle but not a square,

then Q is not a rhombus.
4. MEDICATION Linda’s medicine bottle

says “If you are pregnant, then you
cannot take this medicine.” What are the 8. If Q is not a rhombus, then Q is not a
inverse, converse, and the contrapositive square.
of this statement?

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
2-3 Enrichment
Venn Diagrams
A type of drawing called a Venn diagram can be useful in explaining conditional
statements. A Venn diagram uses circles to represent sets of objects.
Consider the statement “All rabbits have long ears.” To make a Venn diagram for this
statement, a large circle is drawn to represent all animals with long ears. Then a
smaller circle is drawn inside the first to represent all rabbits. The Venn diagram
shows that every rabbit is included in the group of long-eared animals.
The set of rabbits is called a subset of the set of
animals with long-eared animals.
long ears
The Venn diagram can also explain how to write the
statement, “All rabbits have long ears,” in if-then form.
Every rabbit is in the group of long-eared animals, so if
rabbits an animal is a rabbit, then it has long ears.
For each statement, draw a Venn diagram. Then write the sentence in if-then form.
1. Every dog has long hair. 2. All rational numbers are real.
Lesson 2-3
3. People who live in Iowa like corn. 4. Staff members are allowed in the
faculty lounge.

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

Deductive Reasoning
Suppose a doctor wants to use the dose chart in your textbook to prescribe an
antibiotic, but the only scale in her office gives weights in pounds. How can she use
the fact that 1 kilogram is about 2.2 pounds to determine the correct dose for a
patient?
Read the Lesson

If s, t, and u are three statements, match each description from the list on the left
with a symbolic statement from the list on the right.
1. negation of t a. s u
2. conjunction of s and u b. [(s → t) s] → t
3. converse of s → t c. s → u
4. disjunction of s and u d. u → s
5. Law of Detachment e. t
6. contrapositive of s → t f. [(u → t) (t → s)] → (u → s)
7. inverse of s → u g. s u
8. contrapositive of s → u h. t → s
9. Law of Syllogism i. t

10. negation of t j. t → s
11. Determine whether statement (3) follows from statements (1) and (2) by the Law of
Detachment or the Law of Syllogism. If it does, state which law was used. If it does not,
write invalid.
a. (1) Every square is a parallelogram.
(2) Every parallelogram is a polygon.
(3) Every square is a polygon.
b. (1)If two lines that lie in the same plane do not intersect, they are parallel.
(2) Lines ᐉ and m lie in plane U and do not intersect.
(3) Lines ᐉ and m are parallel.
c. (1) Perpendicular lines intersect to form four right angles.
(2) ⬔A, ⬔B, ⬔C, and ⬔D are four right angles.
(3) ⬔A, ⬔B, ⬔C, and ⬔D are formed by intersecting perpendicular lines.

12. A good way to remember something is to explain it to someone else. Suppose that a
classmate is having trouble remembering what the Law of Detachment means?

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

Deductive Reasoning
Law of Detachment Deductive reasoning is the process of using facts, rules,
definitions, or properties to reach conclusions. One form of deductive reasoning that draws
conclusions from a true conditional p → q and a true statement p is called the Law of
Detachment.
Law of Detachment If p → q is true and p is true, then q is true.

Symbols [(p → q)] p] → q
Example The statement If two angles are supplementary to the same angle,
then they are congruent is a true conditional. Determine whether each conclusion
is valid based on the given information. Explain your reasoning.
a. Given: ⬔A and ⬔C are supplementary to ⬔B. F
E
Conclusion: ⬔A is congruent to ⬔C.
G
The statement ⬔A and ⬔C are supplementary to ⬔B is B A D
H
the hypothesis of the conditional. Therefore, by the Law C
of Detachment, the conclusion is true.
J
b. Given: ⬔A is congruent to ⬔C.
Conclusion: ⬔A and ⬔C are supplementary to ⬔B.
The statement ⬔A is congruent to ⬔C is not the hypothesis
of the conditional, so the Law of Detachment cannot be used.
The conclusion is not valid.
Exercises
Determine whether each conclusion is valid based on the true conditional given.
If not, write invalid. Explain your reasoning.
If two angles are complementary to the same angle, then the angles are congruent.
1. Given: ⬔A and ⬔C are complementary to ⬔B.

Conclusion: ⬔A is congruent to ⬔C.
Lesson 2-4
2. Given: ⬔A ⬔C
Conclusion: ⬔A and ⬔C are complements of ⬔B.
3. Given: ⬔E and ⬔F are complementary to ⬔G.

Conclusion: ⬔E and ⬔F are vertical angles.

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
Deductive Reasoning
Law of Syllogism Another way to make a valid conclusion is to use the Law of
Syllogism. It is similar to the Transitive Property.
Law of Syllogism If p → q is true and q → r is true, then p → r is also true.

Symbols [(p → q)] (q → r )] → (p → r )
Example The two conditional statements below are true. Use the Law of
Syllogism to find a valid conclusion. State the conclusion.
(1) If a number is a whole number, then the number is an integer.
(2) If a number is an integer, then it is a rational number.
p: A number is a whole number.
q: A number is an integer.
r: A number is a rational number.
The two conditional statements are p → q and q → r. Using the Law of Syllogism, a valid
conclusion is p → r. A statement of p → r is “if a number is a whole number, then it is a
rational number.”
Exercises
Determine whether you can use the Law of Syllogism to reach a valid conclusion
from each set of statements.
1. If a dog eats Superdog Dog Food, he will be happy.

Rover is happy.
2. If an angle is supplementary to an obtuse angle, then it is acute.

If an angle is acute, then its measure is less than 90.
3. If the measure of ⬔A is less than 90, then ⬔A is acute.

If ⬔A is acute, then ⬔A ⬔B.
4. If an angle is a right angle, then the measure of the angle is 90.

If two lines are perpendicular, then they form a right angle.
5. If you study for the test, then you will receive a high grade.
Your grade on the test is high.

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
2-4 Skills Practice

Deductive Reasoning
Determine whether the stated conclusion is valid based on the given information.
If the sum of the measures of two angles is 180, then the angles are supplementary.
1. Given: m⬔A ⫹ m⬔B is 180.

Conclusion: ⬔A and ⬔B are supplementary.
2. Given: m⬔ABC is 95 and m⬔DEF is 90.

Conclusion: ⬔ABC and ⬔DEF are supplementary.
3. Given: ⬔1 and ⬔2 are a linear pair.

Conclusion: ⬔1 and ⬔2 are supplementary.
Use the Law of Syllogism to determine whether a valid conclusion can be reached
from each set of statements. If a valid conclusion is possible, write it.
4. If two angles are complementary, then the sum of their measures is 90.
If the sum of the measures of two angles is 90, then both of the angles are acute.
5. If the heat wave continues, then air conditioning will be used more frequently.
If air conditioning is used more frequently, then energy costs will be higher.
Lesson 2-4
Determine whether statement (3) follows from statements (1) and (2) by the Law
of Detachment or the Law of Syllogism. If it does, state which law was used. If it
does not, write invalid.
6. (1) If it is Tuesday, then Marla tutors chemistry.

(2) If Marla tutors chemistry, then she arrives home at 4 P.M.
(3) If Marla arrives at home at 4 P.M., then it is Tuesday.
7. (1) If a marine animal is a starfish, then it lives in the intertidal zone of the ocean.
(2) The intertidal zone is the least stable of the ocean zones.
(3) If a marine animal is a starfish, then it lives in the least stable of the ocean zones.

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
2-4 Practice
Deductive Reasoning
Determine whether the stated conclusion is valid based on the given information.
If a point is the midpoint of a segment, then it divides the segment into two
congruent segments.
S
1. Given: R is the midpoint of Q.
Conclusion: QR
RS
2. Given:
ABBC
C
Conclusion: B divides A into two congruent segments.
Use the Law of Syllogism to determine whether a valid conclusion can be reached
from each set of statements. If a valid conclusion is possible, write it.
3. If two angles form a linear pair, then the two angles are supplementary.
If two angles are supplementary, then the sum of their measures is 180.
4. If a hurricane is Category 5, then winds are greater than 155 miles per hour.
If winds are greater than 155 miles per hour, then trees, shrubs, and signs are blown down.

Determine whether statement (3) follows from statements (1) and (2) by the Law
of Detachment or the Law of Syllogism. If it does, state which law was used. If it
does not, write invalid.
5. (1) If a whole number is even, then its square is divisible by 4.

(2) The number I am thinking of is an even whole number.
(3) The square of the number I am thinking of is divisible by 4.
6. (1) If the football team wins its homecoming game, then Conrad will attend the school
dance the following Friday.
(2) Conrad attends the school dance on Friday.
(3) The football team won the homecoming game.
7. BIOLOGY If an organism is a parasite, then it survives by living on or in a host

organism. If a parasite lives in or on a host organism, then it harms its host. What
conclusion can you draw if a virus is a parasite?

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

Deductive Reasoning
1. SIGNS Two signs are posted on a 4. DIRECTIONS Hank has an
haunted house. appointment to see a financial advisor
on the fifteenth floor of an office
building. When he gets to the building,
NO ONE NO ONE
the people at the front desk tell him
UNDER UNDER 8 that if he wants to go to the fifteenth
ALLOWED floor, then he must take the red elevator.
5 WITHOUT A While looking for the red elevator, a
ALLOWED PARENT guard informs him that if he wants to
find the red elevator he must find the
replica of Michelangelo’s David. When
Inside the haunted house, you find a he finally got to the fifteenth floor, his
child with his parent. What can you financial advisor greeted him asking,
deduce about the age of the child based “What did you think of the
on the house rules? Michelangelo?” How did Hank’s financial
advisor conclude that Hank must have
seen the Michelangelo statue?
2. LOGIC As Laura’s mother rushed off

to work, she quickly gave Laura some
instructions. “If you need me, try my
cell . . . if I don’t answer it means I’m in
a meeting, but don’t worry, the meeting
won’t last more than 30 minutes and
I’ll call you back when it’s over.” Later
that day, Laura needed her mother, but

her mother was stuck in a meeting LAWS For Exercises 5 and 6, use the
and couldn’t answer the phone. Laura following information.
concludes that she will have to wait no The law says that if you are under 21,
more than 30 minutes before she gets then you are not allowed to drink alcoholic
a call back from her mother. What law beverages and if you are under 18, then
of logic did Laura use to draw this you are not allowed to vote. For each
conclusion? problem give the possible ages of the
person described or state that the person
Lesson 2-4
cannot exist.
3. MUSIC Composer Ludwig van 5. John cannot drink wine legally but is
Beethoven wrote 9 symphonies and 5 allowed to vote.
piano concertos. If you lived in Vienna
in the early 1800s, you could attend a
concert conducted by Beethoven himself.
Write a valid conclusion to the
hypothesis If Mozart could not attend a 6. Mary cannot vote legally but can drink
concert conducted by Beethoven, . . . beer legally.

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
2-4 Enrichment
Valid and Faulty Arguments

Consider the statements at the right. (1) Boots is a cat.
What conclusions can you make? (2) Boots is purring.
(3) A cat purrs if it is happy.
From statements 1 and 3, it is correct to conclude that Boots

purrs if it is happy. However, it is faulty to conclude from only
statements 2 and 3 that Boots is happy. The if-then form of
statement 3 is If a cat is happy, then it purrs.
Advertisers often use faulty logic in subtle ways to help sell

their products. By studying the arguments, you can decide
whether the argument is valid or faulty.
Decide if each argument is valid or faulty.
1. (1) If you buy Tuff Cote luggage, it 2. (1) If you buy Tuff Cote luggage, it
will survive airline travel. will survive airline travel.
(2) Justin buys Tuff Cote luggage. (2) Justin’s luggage survived airline travel.
Conclusion: Justin’s luggage will Conclusion: Justin has Tuff Cote
survive airline travel. luggage.

3. (1) If you use Clear Line long 4. (1) If you read the book Beautiful
distance service, you will have Braids, you will be able to make
clear reception. beautiful braids easily.
(2) Anna has clear long distance (2) Nancy read the book Beautiful
reception. Braids.
Conclusion: Anna uses Clear Line Conclusion: Nancy can make
long distance service. beautiful braids easily.
5. (1) If you buy a word processor, you 6. (1) Great swimmers wear AquaLine
will be able to write letters faster. swimwear.
(2) Tania bought a word processor. (2) Gina wears AquaLine swimwear.
Conclusion: Tania will be able to Conclusion: Gina is a great swimmer.
write letters faster.
7. Write an example of faulty logic that

you have seen in an advertisement.

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

Postulates are often described as statements that are so basic and so clearly correct
that people will be willing to accept them as true without asking for evidence or
proof. Give a statement about numbers that you think most people would accept as
true without evidence.
Read the Lesson
1. Determine whether each of the following is a correct or incorrect statement of a
geometric postulate. If the statement is incorrect, replace the underlined words to make
the statement correct.
a. A plane contains at least two points that do not lie on the same line.
b. If two planes intersect, then the intersection is a line.
c. Through any four points not on the same line, there is exactly one plane.
d. A line contains at least one point .
e. If two lines are parallel , then their intersection is exactly one point.
f. Through any two points, there is at most one line.
2. Determine whether each statement is always, sometimes, or never true. If the statement
is not always true, explain why.
a. If two planes intersect, their intersection is a line.
b. The midpoint of a segment divides the segment into two congruent segments.
c. There is exactly one plane that contains three collinear points.
d. If two lines intersect, their intersection is one point.
3. Use the walls, floor, and ceiling of your classroom to describe a model for each of the
following geometric situations.
a. two planes that intersect in a line
b. two planes that do not intersect
c. three planes that intersect in a point

Lesson 2-5
4. A good way to remember a new mathematical term is to relate it to a word you already
know. Explain how the idea of a mathematical theorem is related to the idea of a scientific
theory.

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

Points, Lines, and Planes In geometry, a postulate is a statement that is accepted as
true. Postulates describe fundamental relationships in geometry.
Postulate: Through any two points, there is exactly one line.

Postulate: Through any three points not on the same line, there is exactly one plane.
Postulate: A line contains at least two points.
Postulate: A plane contains at least three points not on the same line.
Postulate: If two points lie in a plane, then the line containing those points lies in the plane.
Postulate: If two lines intersect, then their intersection is exactly one point.
Postulate: If two planes intersect, then their intersection is a line.
Example Determine whether each statement is always,

sometimes, or never true.
a. There is exactly one plane that contains points A, B, and C.
Sometimes; if A, B, and C are collinear, they are contained in many planes. If they are
noncollinear, then they are contained in exactly one plane.
b. Points E and F are contained in exactly one line.
Always; the first postulate states that there is exactly one line through any two points.
c. Two lines intersect in two distinct points M and N.
Never; the intersection of two lines is one point.
Exercises

Use postulates to determine whether each statement is always, sometimes, or
never true.
1. A line contains exactly one point.
2. Noncollinear points R, S, and T are contained in exactly one plane.

3. Any two lines ᐉ and m intersect.
H
4. If points G and H are contained in plane M, then G is perpendicular to plane M.
5. Planes R and S intersect in point T.

B
6. If points A, B, and C are noncollinear, then segments A , B
C
, and C
A
are contained in
exactly one plane.
In the figure, 苶
AC苶 and 苶
DE苶 are in plane Q and 苶
AC苶 || D
苶E
苶.
State the postulate that can be used to show each F
statement is true. C Q
B
7. Exactly one plane contains points F, B, and E. A
E
D
G
8. ៭៮៬
BE lies in plane Q.

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

Paragraph Proofs A statement that can be proved true is called a theorem. You can
use undefined terms, definitions, postulates, and already-proved theorems to prove other
statements true.
A logical argument that uses deductive reasoning to reach a valid conclusion is called a
proof. In one type of proof, a paragraph proof, you write a paragraph to explain why a
statement is true.
Example In 䉭ABC, 苶 BD苶 is an angle bisector. Write a B

paragraph proof to show that ⬔ABD ⬵ ⬔CBD.
By definition, an angle bisector divides an angle into two congruent
angles. Since
BD is an angle bisector, ⬔ABC is divided into two A
congruent angles. Thus, ⬔ABD ⬔CBD. D C
Exercises
1. Given that ⬔A ⬔D and ⬔D ⬔E, write a paragraph proof to show that ⬔A ⬔E.
2. It is given that
BC EF, M is the midpoint of
BC, and N is the C
midpoint of EF. Write a paragraph proof to show that BM ⫽ EN. M
B
E
N
F
3. Given that S is the midpoint of , T is the midpoint of P

QP R, R
and P is the midpoint of , write a paragraph proof to show
ST T
P
that QS ⫽ TR. Q S
Lesson 2-5

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
2-5 Skills Practice

Determine the number of line segments that can be drawn connecting each pair
of points.
1. 2.
Determine whether the following statements are always, sometimes, or never true.
Explain.
3. Three collinear points determine a plane.
4. Two points A and B determine a line.
5. A plane contains at least three lines.
In the figure, ៭៮៬ ៮៮៬ lie in plane J and H lies on ៭៮៬

DG and DP DG . State

the postulate that can be used to show each statement is true. P H
D
6. G and P are collinear.
G
J
7. Points D, H, and P are coplanar.
C
8. PROOF In the figure at the right, point B is the midpoint of A and A B C D
point C is the midpoint of
BD. Write a paragraph proof to prove that
AB ⫽ CD.

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
2-5 Practice
Determine the number of line segments that can be drawn connecting each pair
of points.
1. 2.
Explain.
3. The intersection of two planes contains at least two points.
4. If three planes have a point in common, then they have a whole line in common.
៮៮៬ lie in plane A . State the postulate

In the figure, line m and TQ
that can be used to show that each statement is true. S
m A
5. L, T, and line m lie in the same plane. T
Q
L
6. Line m and intersect at T.

ST
B
7. In the figure, E is the midpoint of A and C
D
, and AB ⫽ CD. Write a C
paragraph proof to prove that AE ED.
A E B
Lesson 2-5
8. LOGIC Points A, B, and C are not collinear. Points B, C, and D are not collinear. Points
A, B, C, and D are not coplanar. Describe two planes that intersect in line BC.

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

1. ROOFING Noel and Kirk are building a 4. POINTS Carson claims that a line can
new roof. They wanted a roof with two intersect a plane at only one point and
sloping planes that meet along a curved draws this picture to show his
arch. Is this possible? reasoning.
Zoe thinks it is possible for a line to

2. AIRLINES An airline company wants to intersect a plane at more than one point.
provide service to San Francisco, Los Who is correct? Explain.
Angeles, Chicago, Dallas, Washington
D. C., and New York City. The company
CEO draws lines between each pair of
cities in the list on a map. No three of
the cities are collinear. How many lines
did the CEO draw? FRIENDSHIPS For Exercises 5 and 6,
use the following information.
A small company has 16 employees. The
owner of the company became concerned
that the employees did not know each other
very well. He decided to make a picture of

the friendships in the company. He placed
3. TRIANGULATION A sailor spots a 16 points on a sheet of paper in such a
whale through her binoculars. She way that no 3 were collinear. Each point
wonders how far away the whale is, but represented a different employee. He then
the whale does not show up on the radar asked each employee who their friends
system. She sees another boat in the were and connected two points with a line
distance and radios the captain asking segment if they represented friends.
him to spot the whale and record its
direction. Explain how this added 5. What is the maximum number of line
information could enable the sailor to segments that can be drawn between
pinpoint the location of the whale. pairs among the 16 points?
Under what circumstance would this
idea fail?
6. When the owner finished the picture, he
found that his company was split into
two groups, one with 10 people and the
other with 6. The people within a group
were all friends, but nobody from one
group was a friend of anybody from the
other group. How many line segments
were there?

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
2-5 Enrichment
Even and Odd

It is commonly known that to determine if a number is even, you check to see if the
last number is divisible by 2. However, this is not the definition of an even number.
The definition of an even number states that a number is even if it can be written
as 2k for some integer k.
The following proof uses this definition to show that the sum of two even numbers
is even.
Suppose m and n are even. By the definition, they can be written as m ⫽ 2ᐉ and
n ⫽ 2j for some integers ᐉ and j. We need to show that m ⫹ n can be written as
2k for some integer k to prove that the sum is even. Now, the sum m ⫹ n can be
written as 2ᐉ ⫹ 2j or 2(ᐉ ⫹ j) using the distributive property. Since ᐉ and j are
both integers, the sum ᐉ ⫹ j is equal to some integer k. So, m ⫹ n can be written
as 2k for some integer k. Therefore, the sum m ⫹ n is even.
The definition of an odd number states that a number is odd if it can be written as
2k ⫹ 1 for some integer k.
Use the definitions of even and odd numbers to write paragraph proof for
each statement.
1. The sum of two odd numbers is even.

2. The product of two odd numbers is odd.
3. The product of two even numbers is even.

Lesson 2-5

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

Algebraic Proof
What are some of the things that lawyers might use in presenting their closing
arguments to a trial jury in addition to evidence gathered prior to the trial and
testimony heard during the trial?
Read the Lesson

1. Name the property illustrated by each statement.
a. If a ⫽ 4.75 and 4.75 ⫽ b, then a ⫽ b.
b. If x ⫽ y, then x ⫹ 8 ⫽ y ⫹ 8.
c. 5(12 ⫹ 19) ⫽ 5 ⭈ 12 ⫹ 5 ⭈ 19
d. If x ⫽ 5, then x may be replaced with 5 in any equation or expression.
e. If x ⫽ y, then 8x ⫽ 8y.
f. If x ⫽ 23.45, then 23.45 ⫽ x.
7
g. If 5x ⫽ 7, then x ⫽ ᎏᎏ.
5
h. If x ⫽ 12, then x ⫺ 3 ⫽ 9.
2. Give the reason for each statement in the following two-column proof.
Given: 5(n ⫺ 3) ⫽ 4(2n ⫺ 7) ⫺ 14
Prove: n ⫽ 9
Statements Reasons

1. 5(n ⫺ 3) ⫽ 4(2n ⫺ 7) ⫺ 14 1.
2. 5n ⫺ 15 ⫽ 8n ⫺ 28 ⫺ 14 2.
3. 5n ⫺ 15 ⫽ 8n ⫺ 42 3.
4. 5n ⫺ 15 ⫹ 15 ⫽ 8n ⫺ 42 ⫹ 15 4.
5. 5n ⫽ 8n ⫺ 27 5.
6. 5n ⫺ 8n ⫽ 8n ⫺ 27 ⫺ 8n 6.
7. ⫺3n ⫽ ⫺27 7.
⫺3n ⫺27
8. ᎏᎏ ⫽ ᎏᎏ 8.
⫺3 ⫺3
9. n ⫽ 9 9.

3. A good way to remember mathematical terms is to relate them to words you already know.
Give an everyday word that is related in meaning to the mathematical term reflexive and
explain how this word can help you to remember the Reflexive Property and to distinguish
it from the Symmetric and Transitive Properties.

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

Algebraic Proof
Algebraic Proof The following properties of algebra can be used to justify the steps
Lesson 2-6
when solving an algebraic equation.
Property Statement
Reflexive For every number a, a ⫽ a.
Symmetric For all numbers a and b, if a ⫽ b then b ⫽ a.
Transitive For all numbers a, b, and c, if a ⫽ b and b ⫽ c then a ⫽ c.
Addition and Subtraction For all numbers a, b, and c, if a ⫽ b then a ⫹ c ⫽ b ⫹ c and a ⫺ c ⫽ b ⫺ c.
a b
Multiplication and Division For all numbers a, b, and c, if a ⫽ b then a ⭈ c ⫽ b ⭈ c, and if c ⫽ 0 then ᎏᎏ ⫽ ᎏᎏ.
c c
Substitution For all numbers a and b, if a ⫽ b then a may be replaced by b in any equation
or expression.
Distributive For all numbers a, b, and c, a(b ⫹ c) ⫽ ab ⫹ ac.
Example Solve 6x ⫹ 2(x ⫺ 1) ⫽ 30.

Algebraic Steps Properties
6x ⫹ 2(x ⫺ 1) ⫽ 30 Given
6x ⫹ 2x ⫺ 2 ⫽ 30 Distributive Property
8x ⫺ 2 ⫽ 30 Substitution
8x ⫺ 2 ⫹ 2 ⫽ 30 ⫹ 2 Addition Property
8x ⫽ 32 Substitution
8x 32
ᎏ ᎏ ⫽ ᎏᎏ Division Property
8 8
x⫽4 Substitution
Exercises
Complete each proof.
4x ⫹ 6
1. Given: ᎏᎏ ⫽ 9 2. Given: 4x ⫹ 8 ⫽ x ⫹ 2
2
Prove: x ⫽ 3 Prove: x ⫽ ⫺2
Statements Reasons Statements Reasons

4x ⫹ 6
a. ᎏᎏ ⫽ 9 a. a. 4x ⫹ 8 ⫽ x ⫹ 2 a.
2
4x ⫹ 6 b. 4x ⫹ 8 ⫺ x ⫽

b. ᎏᎏ ⫽ 2(9)
2 b. Mult. Prop.
x⫹2⫺x b.
c. 4x ⫹ 6 ⫽ 18 c.
c. 3x ⫹ 8 ⫽ 2 c. Substitution
d. 4x ⫹ 6 ⫺ 6 ⫽ 18 ⫺ 6 d.
d.
e. 4x ⫽ e. Substitution d. Subtr. Prop.
4x e. e. Substitution
f. ᎏᎏ ⫽ f. Div. Prop.
4
3x ⫺6
g. g. Substitution f. ᎏᎏ ⫽ ᎏᎏ f.
3 3
g. g. Substitution

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
Algebraic Proof
Geometric Proof Geometry deals with numbers as measures, so geometric proofs use
properties of numbers. Here are some of the algebraic properties used in proofs.
Property Segments Angles

Reflexive AB ⫽ AB m⬔A ⫽ m⬔A
Symmetric If AB ⫽ CD, then CD ⫽ AB. If m⬔A ⫽ m⬔B, then m⬔B ⫽ m⬔A.
Transitive If AB ⫽ CD and CD ⫽ EF, then AB ⫽ EF. If m⬔1⫽ m⬔2 and m⬔2 ⫽ m⬔3, then m⬔1⫽ m⬔3.
Example Write a two-column proof. R

Given: m⬔1 ⫽ m⬔2, m⬔2 ⫽ m⬔3
Prove: m⬔1 ⫽ m⬔3 A 1 T 2 D
Proof: S 3
B C
Statements Reasons
1. m⬔1 ⫽ m⬔2 1. Given
2. m⬔2 ⫽ m⬔3 2. Given
3. m⬔1 ⫽ m⬔3 3. Transitive Property
Exercises
State the property that justifies each statement.
1. If m⬔1 ⫽ m⬔2, then m⬔2 ⫽ m⬔1.

2. If m⬔1⫽ 90 and m⬔2 ⫽ m⬔1, then m⬔2⫽ 90.
3. If AB ⫽ RS and RS ⫽ WY, then AB ⫽ WY.

1 1
4. If AB ⫽ CD, then ᎏᎏAB ⫽ ᎏᎏ CD.
2 2
5. If m⬔1 ⫹ m⬔2 ⫽ 110 and m⬔2 ⫽ m⬔3, then m⬔1 ⫹ m⬔3 ⫽ 110.
6. RS ⫽ RS
7. If AB ⫽ RS and TU ⫽ WY, then AB ⫹ TU ⫽ RS ⫹ WY.
8. If m⬔1 ⫽ m⬔2 and m⬔2 ⫽ m⬔3, then m⬔1 ⫽ m⬔3.
9. A formula for the area of a triangle

1
is A ⫽ ᎏᎏbh. Prove that bh is equal
2
to 2 times the area of the triangle.

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
2-6 Skills Practice

Algebraic Proof
State the property that justifies each statement.
Lesson 2-6
1. If 80 ⫽ m⬔A, then m⬔A ⫽ 80.
2. If RS ⫽ TU and TU ⫽ YP, then RS ⫽ YP.
3. If 7x ⫽ 28, then x ⫽ 4.
4. If VR ⫹ TY ⫽ EN ⫹ TY, then VR ⫽ EN.
5. If m⬔1 ⫽ 30 and m⬔1 ⫽ m⬔2, then m⬔2 ⫽ 30.
Complete the following proof.
6. Given: 8x ⫺ 5 ⫽ 2x ⫹ 1
Prove: x ⫽ 1
Proof:
Statements Reasons
a. 8x ⫺ 5 ⫽ 2x ⫹ 1 a.
b. 8x ⫺ 5 ⫺ 2x ⫽ 2x ⫹ 1 ⫺ 2x b.
c. c. Substitution Property
d. d. Addition Property
e. 6x ⫽ 6 e.
6x 6
f. ᎏᎏ ⫽ ᎏᎏ f.
6 6
g. g.
Write a two-column proof for the following.
7. If
PQ and Q
QS S
, then PQ ⫽ ST.
ST P Q
S T

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
2-6 Practice
Algebraic Proof
PROOF Write a two-column proof.
1. If m⬔ABC ⫹ m⬔CBD ⫽ 90, m⬔ABC ⫽ 3x ⫺ 5,
x⫹1 D C
and m⬔CBD ⫽ ᎏᎏ, then x ⫽ 27.
2
B A

2. FINANCE The formula for simple interest is I ⫽ prt, where I is interest, p is principal,
r is rate, and t is time. Solve the formula for r and justify each step.

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

Algebraic Proof
1. DOGS Jessica and Robert each own the 4. FIGURINES Pete and Rhonda paint
Lesson 2-6
same number of dogs. Robert and Gail figurines. They can both paint 8
also own the same number of dogs. figurines per hour. One day, Pete worked
Without knowing how many dogs they 6 hours while Rhonda worked 9 hours.
own, one can still conclude that Jessica How many figurines did they paint that
and Gail each own the same number of day? Show how to get the answer using
dogs. What property is used to make the Distributive Property.
this conclusion?
2. MONEY Lars and Peter both have the

same amount of money in their wallets. AGE For Exercises 5 and 6, use the
They went to the store together and following information.
decided to buy some cookies, splitting William’s father is eight years older than
the cost equally. After buying the 4 times William’s age. William’s father is
cookies, do they still have the same 36 years old.
amount of money in their wallets? What
property is relevant to help you decide? 5. Let x be William’s age. Translate the
given information into an algebraic
equation involving x.
4. MANUFACTURING A company
manufactures small electronic
components called diodes. Each diode
is worth $1.50. Plant A produced 4,443 6. Fill in the missing steps and
diodes and Plant B produced 5,557 justifications for each step in finding
diodes. The foreman was asked what the value of x.
the total value of all the diodes was.
The foreman immediately responded Algebraic Steps Properties
“$15,000.” The foreman would not have
been able to compute the value so 4x ⫹ 8 ⫽ 36 Original equation
quickly if he had to multiply $1.50 by Subtraction
4,443 and then add this to the result Property
of $1.50 times 5,557. Explain how you
think the foreman got the answer so 4x ⫽ 28
quickly?
4x 28
ᎏ ᎏ ⫽ ᎏᎏ
4 4
Substitution
Property

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
2-6 Enrichment
Symmetric, Reflexive, and Transitive Properties

Equality has three important properties.
Reflexive a⫽a
Symmetric If a ⫽ b, then b ⫽ a.
Transitive If a ⫽ b and b ⫽ c, then a ⫽ c.
Other relations have some of the same properties. Consider the

relation “is next to” for objects labeled X, Y, and Z. Which of the
properties listed above are true for this relation?
X is next to X. False
If X is next to Y, then Y is next to X. True
If X is next to Y and Y is next to Z, then X is next to Z. False
Only the symmetric property is true for the relation “is next to.”
For each relation, state which properties (symmetric, reflexive,

transitive) are true.
1. is the same size as 2. is a family descendant of

3. is in the same room as 4. is the identical twin of
5. is warmer than 6. is on the same line as
7. is a sister of 8. is the same weight as
9. Find two other examples of relations,

and tell which properties are true for
each relation.

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

Proving Segment Relationships
• What is the total distance that the plane will fly to get from San Diego to Dallas?
• Before leaving home, a passenger used a road atlas to determine that the
distance between San Diego and Dallas is about 1350 miles. Why is the flying
distance greater than that?
Lesson 2-7
Read the Lesson
1. If E is between Y and S, which of the following statements are always true?
A. YS ⫹ ES ⫽ YE B. YS ⫺ ES ⫽ YE
C. YE ⬎ ES D. YE ⭈ ES ⫽ YS
E. SE ⫹ EY ⫽ SY F. E is the midpoint of
YS.
2. Give the reason for each statement in the following A

two-column proof.
D
Given: C is the midpoint of B .
D is the midpoint of
CE. B
C D
E
Prove:
BD
CE
Statements Reasons
D
1. C is the midpoint of B. 1.
2. BC ⫽ CD 2.
3. D is the midpoint of
CE. 3.
4. CD ⫽ DE 4.
5. BC ⫽ DE 5.
6. BC ⫹ CD ⫽ CD ⫹ DE 6.
7. BC ⫹ CD ⫽ BD 7.
CD ⫹ DE ⫽ CE
8. BD ⫽ CE 8.
D
9. B
CE 9.

3. One way to keep the names of related postulates straight in your mind is to associate
something in the name of the postulate with the content of the postulate. How can you use
this idea to distinguish between the Ruler Postulate and the Segment Addition Postulate?

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

Segment Addition Two basic postulates for working with segments and lengths are
the Ruler Postulate, which establishes number lines, and the Segment Addition Postulate,
which describes what it means for one point to be between two other points.
The points on any line or line segment can be paired with real numbers so that, given any two
Ruler Postulate
points A and B on a line, A corresponds to zero and B corresponds to a positive real number.
Segment Addition
B is between A and C if and only if AB ⫹ BC ⫽ AC.
Postulate
Example Write a two-column proof. S

R
Given: Q is the midpoint of P . Q
R
R is the midpoint of
QS. P
Prove: PR ⫽ QS
Statements Reasons
R
1. Q is the midpoint of P . 1. Given
2. PQ ⫽ QR 2. Definition of midpoint
S
3. R is the midpoint of Q . 3. Given
4. QR ⫽ RS 4. Definition of midpoint
5. PQ ⫹ QR ⫽ QR ⫹ RS 5. Addition Property
6. PQ ⫽ RS 6. Transitive Prop.
7. PQ ⫹ QR ⫽ PR, QR ⫹ RS ⫽ QS 7. Segment Addition Postulate
8. PR ⫽ QS 8. Substitution

Exercises Complete each proof.
1. Given: BC ⫽ DE 2. Given: Q is between S
C
Prove: AB ⫹ DE ⫽ AC B E P and R, R is between R
A Q
D Q and S, PR ⫽ QS. P
Statements Reasons Prove: PQ ⫽ RS
a. BC ⫽ DE a.
Statements Reasons
b. b. Seg. Add. Post.
a. Q is between a. Given
c. AB ⫹ DE ⫽ AC c. P and R.
b.PQ ⫹ QR ⫽ PR b.
c. R is between c.
Q and S.
d. d. Seg. Add. Post.
e. PR ⫽ QS e.
f. PQ ⫹ QR ⫽ f.
QR ⫹ RS
g. PQ ⫹ QR ⫺ QR ⫽ g.
QR ⫹ RS ⫺ QR
h. h. Substitution

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

Segment Congruence Three properties of algebra—the Reflexive, Symmetric, and
Transitive Properties of Equality—have counterparts as properties of geometry. These
properties can be proved as a theorem. As with other theorems, the properties can then be
used to prove relationships among segments.
Segment Congruence Theorem Congruence of segments is reflexive, symmetric, and transitive.
Reflexive Property B
A A
B
Symmetric Property B
If A C
D
, then A
CD B
.
Transitive Property B
If A C
D
and C
D
E
F, then A
B
EF.
Lesson 2-7
Example Write a two-column proof.
B C
B
Given: A ; B
DE C
EF A F
E

Prove: A C
DF D
Statements Reasons
1.
AB
DE 1. Given
2. AB ⫽ DE 2. Definition of congruence of segments
3.
BC
EF 3. Given
4. BC ⫽ EF 4. Definition of congruence of segments
5. AB ⫹ BC ⫽ DE ⫹ EF 5. Addition Property
6. AB ⫹ BC ⫽ AC, DE ⫹ EF ⫽ DF 6. Segment Addition Postulate
7. AC ⫽ DF 7. Substitution
8.
AC
DF 8. Definition of congruence of segments
Exercises
Justify each statement with a property of congruence.
1. If
DE , then G
GH H
.
DE
2. If
AB
RS and
RS
WY, then A
B

WY.
3.
RS
RS .
4. Complete the proof.

S
Given:
PR
QS R
P Q
Q
Prove: P
RS
Statements Reasons
R
a. P
QS a.
b. PR ⫽ QS b.
c. PQ ⫹ QR ⫽ PR c.
d. d. Segment Addition Postulate
e. PQ ⫹ QR ⫽ QR ⫹ RS e.
f. f. Subtraction Property
g. g. Definition of congruence of segments

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
2-7 Skills Practice

Justify each statement with a property of equality, a property of congruence, or a
postulate.
1. QA ⫽ QA
2. If
AB
BC and
BC
CE, then A
B

CE.
3. If Q is between P and R, then PR ⫽ PQ ⫹ QR.
4. If AB ⫹ BC ⫽ EF ⫹ FG and AB ⫹ BC ⫽ AC, then EF ⫹ FG ⫽ AC.
Complete each proof.
5. Given:
SU
LR S T U
U
T
LN
L N R
T
Prove: S
NR
Proof:
Statements Reasons
U
a. S , T
LR U

LN a.

b. b. Definition of segments
c. SU ⫽ ST ⫹ TU c.
LR ⫽ LN ⫹ NR
d. ST ⫹ TU ⫽ LN ⫹ NR d.
e. ST ⫹ LN ⫽ LN ⫹ NR e.
f. ST ⫹ LN ⫺ LN ⫽ LN ⫹ NR ⫺ LN f.
g. g. Substitution Property
T
h. S
NR h.
6. Given:
AB
CD
D
Prove: C
AB
Proof:
Statements Reasons
a. a. Given
b. AB ⫽ CD b.
c. CD ⫽ AB c.
d. d. Definition of segments

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
2-7 Practice
Complete the following proof.
B
1. Given: A DE A B C
B is the midpoint of
AC.
F
E is the midpoint of D . E
F
D
Prove:
BC EF
Proof:
Statements Reasons
Lesson 2-7
a. a. Given
b. AB ⫽ DE b.
c. c. Definition of Midpoint
d. BC ⫽ DE d.
e. BC ⫽ EF e.
f. f.
2. TRAVEL Refer to the figure. DeAnne knows that the Grayson Apex Redding Pine Bluff
distance from Grayson to Apex is the same as the distance G A R P
from Redding to Pine Bluff. Prove that the distance from

Grayson to Redding is equal to the distance from Apex to Pine Bluff.

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

1. FAMILY Maria is 11 inches shorter 4. NEIGHBORHOODS Karla, John, and
than her sister Nancy. Brad is 11 inches Mandy live in three houses that are on
shorter than his brother Chad. If Maria the same line. John lives between Karla
is shorter than Brad, how do the heights and Mandy. Karla and Mandy live a mile
of Nancy and Chad compare? What if apart. Is it possible for John to be a mile
Maria and Brad are the same height? from both Karla and Mandy?
2. DISTANCE Martha and Laura live

1,400 meters apart. A library is opened LIGHTS For Exercises 5 and 6, use the
between them and is 500 meters from following information.
Martha. Five lights, A, B, C, D, and E, are lined up
in a row. The middle light is the midpoint
500 meters
of the second and fourth light and also the
midpoint of the first and last light.
Martha Library Laura
1400 meters
5. Draw a figure to illustrate the situation.
How far is the library from Laura?

6. Complete this proof.
D
Given: C is the midpoint of B and
AE.
3. LUMBER Byron works in a lumber Prove: AB ⫽ DE
yard. His boss just cut a dozen planks Statement Reason
and asked Byron to double check that 1. C is the midpoint 1. Given
they are all the same length. The planks of
BD and
AE.
were numbered 1 through 12. Byron
2. BC ⫽ CD and 2.
took out plank number 1 and checked
that the other planks are all the same
length as plank 1. He concluded that 3. AC ⫽ AB ⫹ BC, 3.
they must all be the same length. CE ⫽ CD ⫹ DE
Explain how you know plank 7 and
4. AB ⫽ AC ⫺ BC 4.
plank 10 are the same length even
though they were never directly
compared to each other? 5. 5. Substitution
Property
6. DE ⫽ CE ⫺ CD 6.
7. 7.

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
2-7 Enrichment
Midpoint Counterpoint
The midpoint M of
AB when A is (x1, y1) and B is (x2, y2) is found by using
x ⫹x y ⫹y
the formula M ⫽ ᎏ
1
ᎏ2
1
,ᎏ ᎏ2
2
.
2
1
B
Suppose point P is a point on A located ᎏᎏ of the distance from A to B.
Lesson 2-7
4
Juan says the coordinates of P can be found by using the formula
x ⴙx y ⴙy
Pⴝ ᎏ
1

ᎏ2 1
,ᎏ ᎏ
4
2
.
4
1. Is Juan’s formula for P valid? Explain your answer.
2. Use midpoints to find a formula for the coordinates of P. Write your formula in
terms of x1, y1, x2, and y2.
For Exercises 3–5, use the coordinate plane y

at the right. 5
3. Graph A(2, ⫺2) and B(14, 4).
4. Graph point P between A and B so that AP is

1 O 10 x
ᎏᎏ(AB). What are its coordinates?
4
5. Graph point C so that B is between A and C

1
and BC is ᎏᎏ(AB). What are the coordinates of
4
point C?

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

Proving Angle Relationships
Is it possible to open a pair of scissors so that the angles formed by the two blades,
a blade and a handle, and the two handles, are all congruent? If so, explain how this
could happen.
Read the Lesson

1. Complete each sentence to form a statement that is always true.
a. If two angles form a linear pair, then they are adjacent and .
b. If two angles are complementary to the same angle, then they are .
c. If D is a point in the interior of ⬔ABC, then m⬔ABC ⫽ m⬔ABD ⫹ .
d. Given RS៮៮៬ and a number x between and , there is exactly one ray
with endpoint R, extended on either side of RS, such that the measure of the angle
formed is x.
e. If two angles are congruent and supplementary, then each angle is a(n)
angle.
f. lines form congruent adjacent angles.
g. “Every angle is congruent to itself” is a statement of the Property
of angle congruence.
h. If two congruent angles form a linear pair, then the measure of each angle is .

i. If the noncommon sides of two adjacent angles form a right angle, then the angles are
.
2. Determine whether each statement is always, sometimes, or never true.

a. Supplementary angles are congruent.
b. If two angles form a linear pair, they are complementary.
c. Two vertical angles are supplementary.
d. Two adjacent angles form a linear pair.
e. Two vertical angles form a linear pair.
f. Complementary angles are congruent.
g. Two angles that are congruent to the same angle are congruent to each other.
h. Complementary angles are adjacent angles.

3. A good way to remember something is to explain it to someone else. Suppose that a
classmate thinks that two angles can only be vertical angles if one angle lies above the
other. How can you explain to him the meaning of vertical angles, using the word vertex
in your explanation?

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

Supplementary and Complementary Angles There are two basic postulates for
working with angles. The Protractor Postulate assigns numbers to angle measures, and the
Angle Addition Postulate relates parts of an angle to the whole angle.
Protractor ៮៮៬ and a number r between 0 and 180, there is exactly one ray
Given AB
Postulate ៮៮៬, such that the measure
with endpoint A, extending on either side of AB P
of the angle formed is r. R
Angle Addition R is in the interior of ⬔PQS if and only if Q
S
Postulate m⬔PQR ⫹ m⬔RQS ⫽ m⬔PQS.
The two postulates can be used to prove the following two theorems.
Supplement If two angles form a linear pair, then they are supplementary angles.
D
Theorem If ⬔1 and ⬔2 form a linear pair, then m⬔1 ⫹ m⬔2 ⫽ 180.
1 2
A B C
Complement If the noncommon sides of two adjacent angles form a right angle, F
Theorem then the angles are complementary angles. J
3
Lesson 2-8
៭៮៬ ⊥ GH
If GF ៭៮៬, then m⬔3 ⫹ m⬔4 ⫽ 90. 4
G H
Example 1 If ⬔1 and ⬔2 form a Example 2 If ⬔1 and ⬔2 form a

linear pair and m⬔2 ⫽ 115, find m⬔1. right angle and m⬔2 ⫽ 20, find m⬔1.
Q R W
2
2 1
1 T
M N P S
m⬔1 ⫹ m⬔2 ⫽ 180 Suppl. Theorem m⬔1 ⫹ m⬔2 ⫽ 90 Compl. Theorem

m⬔1 ⫹ 115 ⫽ 180 Substitution m⬔1 ⫹ 20 ⫽ 90 Substitution
m⬔1 ⫽ 65 Subtraction Prop. m⬔1 ⫽ 70 Subtraction Prop.
Exercises
Find the measure of each numbered angle.
1. T 2. X Y 3. A H
P 7 Z 11
8 J
7 6 13
Q R 8 5
F
12
C
S U V W
m⬔7 ⫽ 5x ⫹ 5, m⬔5 ⫽ 5x, m⬔6 ⫽ 4x ⫹ 6, m⬔11 ⫽ 11x,

m⬔8 ⫽ x ⫺ 5 m⬔7 ⫽ 10x, m⬔12 ⫽ 10x ⫹ 10
m⬔8 ⫽ 12x ⫺ 12

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

Congruent and Right Angles Three properties of angles can be proved as theorems.
Congruence of angles is reflexive, symmetric, and transitive.

Angles supplementary to the same angle Angles complementary to the same angle or to
or to congruent angles are congruent. congruent angles are congruent.
C K
1 G N T
B F 4
R
A L 6
2 3 M 5
H
D E J Q P S
If ⬔1 and ⬔2 are supplementary to ⬔3, If ⬔4 and ⬔5 are complementary to ⬔6,

then ⬔1 ⬔2. then ⬔4 ⬔5.
Example Write a two-column proof. C

A
Given: ⬔ABC and ⬔CBD are complementary. D
⬔DBE and ⬔CBD form a right angle.
Prove: ⬔ABC ⬔DBE B E
Statements Reasons
1. ⬔ABC and ⬔CBD are complementary. 1. Given
⬔DBE and ⬔CBD form a right angle.
2. ⬔DBE and ⬔CBD are complementary. 2. Complement Theorem
3. ⬔ABC ⬔DBE 3. Angles complementary to the same ⬔ are .

Exercises Complete each proof.
1. Given:
AB⊥BC
; A E 2. Given: ⬔1 and ⬔2 T
⬔1 and ⬔3 are 1 2 form a linear pair. 1 2
B C R
complementary. 3 m⬔1 ⫹ m⬔3 ⫽ 180 L B 3
D P
Prove: ⬔2 ⬔3 Prove: ⬔2 ⬔3
Statements Reasons Statements Reasons
B
a. A⊥B
C
a. a. ⬔1 and ⬔2 form a. Given
b. b. Definition of ⊥ a linear pair.
m⬔1 ⫹ m⬔3 ⫽ 180
c. m⬔ABC ⫽ 90 c. Def. of right angle b. b. Suppl.
d. m⬔ABC ⫽ d. Theorem
m⬔1 ⫹ m⬔2 c. ⬔1 is suppl. c.
e. 90 ⫽ m⬔1 ⫹ e. Substitution to ⬔3.
m⬔2 d. d. ⭄ suppl. to the
f. ⬔1 and ⬔2 are f. same ⬔ are .
compl.
g. g. Given
h. ⬔2 ⬔3 h.

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
2-8 Skills Practice

1. m⬔2 ⫽ 57 2. m⬔5 ⫽ 22 3. m⬔1 ⫽ 38
2
1 2 6 1
5
4. m⬔13 ⫽ 4x ⫹ 11, 5. ⬔9 and ⬔10 are 6. m⬔2 ⫽ 4x ⫺ 26,

m⬔14 ⫽ 3x ⫹ 1 complementary. m⬔3 ⫽ 3x ⫹ 4
⬔7 ⬔9, m⬔8 ⫽ 41
2
13 14 8 9 3
7 10
Lesson 2-8
7. Two angles that are supplementary form a linear pair.
8. Two angles that are vertical are adjacent.

9. Copy and complete the following proof.

S
Given: ⬔QPS ⬔TPR R
T
Prove: ⬔QPR ⬔TPS
Q P
Proof:
Statements Reasons
a. a.
b. m⬔QPS ⫽ m⬔TPR b.
c. m⬔QPS ⫽ m⬔QPR ⫹ m⬔RPS c.
m⬔TPR ⫽ m⬔TPS ⫹ m⬔RPS
d. d. Substitution
e. e.
f. f.

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
2-8 Practice
1. m⬔1 ⫽ x ⫹ 10 2. m⬔4 ⫽ 2x ⫺ 5 3. m⬔6 ⫽ 7x ⫺ 24

m⬔2 ⫽ 3x ⫹ 18 m⬔5 ⫽ 4x ⫺ 13 m⬔7 ⫽ 5x ⫹ 14
4 6
3 5 7
1 2
4. Two angles that are supplementary are complementary.
5. Complementary angles are congruent.
6. Write a two-column proof.

Given: ⬔1 and ⬔2 form a linear pair. 1 2
⬔2 and ⬔3 are supplementary. 3

Prove: ⬔1 ⬔3
7. STREETS Refer to the figure. Barton Road and Olive Tree Lane
Barton Tryon
form a right angle at their intersection. Tryon Street forms a 57° Rd St
angle with Olive Tree Lane. What is the measure of the acute angle
Tryon Street forms with Barton Road? Olive Tree Lane

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

1. ICOSAHEDRA For a school project, 4. PAINTING Students are painting their
students are making a giant rectangular classroom ceiling. They want
icosahedron, which is a large solid with to paint a line that intersects one of the
many identical triangular faces. John is corners as shown in the figure.
assigned quality control. He must make
sure that the measures of all the angles
in all the triangles are the same as each
other. He does this by using a precut
template and comparing the corner
angles of every triangle to the template.
15˚
How does this assure that the angles in
Cross section of pipe
all the triangles will be congruent to
each other? They want the painted line to make a
15° angle with one edge of the ceiling.
Unfortunately, between the line and the
edge there is a water pipe making it
difficult to measure the angle. They
Lesson 2-8
decide to measure the angle to the other
2. VISTAS If you look straight ahead at a edge. Given that the corner is a right
scenic point, you can see a waterfall. If angle, what is the measure of the other
you turn your head 25º to the left, you angle?
will see a famous mountain peak. If you
turn your head 35º more to the left, you
will see another waterfall. If you are For Exercises 5–7, use the following
looking straight ahead, through how information.
many degrees must you turn your head Clyde looks at a building from point E.
to the left in order to see the second ⬔AEC has the same measure as ⬔BED.
waterfall?
A
E B
C
3. TUBES A tube with a hexagonal cross
D
section is placed on the floor.
5. The measure of ⬔AEC is equal to the

120˚ 1
sum of the measures of ⬔AEB and what
other angle?
What is the measure of ⬔1 in the figure
given that the angle at one corner of the
6. The measure of ⬔BED is equal to the
hexagon is 120°?
sum of the measures of ⬔CED and what
other angle?
7. Is it true that m⬔AEB is equal to

m⬔CED?

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
2-8 Enrichment
Stars
There are many different types of stars. Stars can have 5 points, 6 points,
7 points, or more. The sum of the angles of the star changes depending on
the number of points.
1. Find the sum of the measures of the angles A C

in the 5-pointed star.
D E
2. Find the sum of the measures of the angles J

in the 6-pointed star.
G
H
I K

F
3. Complete the table for the sum of the measures of the angles in a
star with the number of points given.
Number of points 5 6 7 8
Sum of angles
4. Make a conjecture about the formula for the sum of the measures
of the angles for a star with n points. Using this formula, what will
be the sum of the angles in a star with 12 points?
5. Use the figures at the right to

determine if this formula will
always work? Explain.

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Chapter 2

Spanish Assessment Masters (ISBN10: 0-07-877350-4, ISBN13: 978-0-07-877350-1)

Copyright © by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Permission is

Send all inquiries to:

Printed in the United States of America

Chapter Resources Study Guide and Intervention These

(continued on the next page)

Chapter 2 1 Glencoe Geometry

2 Student-Built Glossary (continued)

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Chapter 2 2 Glencoe Geometry

7. A postulate is a mathematical statement that you must

STEP 2 After you complete Chapter 2

Chapter 2 3 Glencoe Geometry

PASO 1 Antes de comenzar el Capítulo 2

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

PASO 2 Después de completar el Capítulo 2

Capítulo 2 4 Geometría de Glencoe

2-1 Lesson Reading Guide

2. Make a conjecture about the next item in each sequence.

b. The product of an odd integer and an even integer is odd.

c. The opposite of an integer is a negative integer.

Remember What You Learned

Chapter 2 5 Glencoe Geometry

2-1 Study Guide and Intervention

Example 1 Make a conjecture about Example 2 Make

1. ⫺5, 10, ⫺20, 40

2. 1, 10, 100, 1000

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Make a conjecture based on the given information. Draw a figure to illustrate

4. A(⫺1, ⫺1), B(2, 2), C(4, 4) 5. ⬔1 and ⬔2 form a right angle.

Chapter 2 6 Glencoe Geometry

2-1 Study Guide and Intervention (continued)

Inductive Reasoning and Conjecture

Example Determine whether the conjecture is true or false.

1. Given: Points A, B, and C are collinear. 2. Given: ⬔R and ⬔S are supplementary.

3. Given: ⬔ABC and ⬔DEF are 4. Given: ⊥E

Chapter 2 7 Glencoe Geometry

2-1 Skills Practice

Make a conjecture based on the given information. Draw a figure to illustrate

5. Points A, B, and C are collinear, Q

7. ⬔1, ⬔2, ⬔3, and ⬔4 form four 8. ⬔3 ⬔4

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

9. Given: ⬔ABC and ⬔CBD form a linear pair.

12. Given: ⬔1 is complementary to ⬔2, and ⬔1 is complementary to ⬔3.

Chapter 2 8 Glencoe Geometry

5. ⬔ABC is a right angle. 6. Point S is between R and T.

7. P, Q, R, and S are noncollinear 8. ABCD is a parallelogram.

Determine whether each conjecture is true or false. Give a counterexample for

9. Given: S, T, and U are collinear and ST ⫽ TU.

10. Given: ⬔1 and ⬔2 are adjacent angles.

11. Given: and J

Chapter 2 9 Glencoe Geometry

2-1 Word Problem Practice

2. PRIMES A prime number is a number

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Sketch what you think would be the

7. Make a conjecture about the sum of the

Chapter 2 10 Glencoe Geometry

3. Is the equation k2 ⫽ k true when you 4. Is the statement 2x ⫽ x ⫹ x true when

statement true for all real numbers?

Chapter 2 11 Glencoe Geometry

2-1 Graphing Calculator Activity

Example Write a conjecture based on the given information. Use a graphing