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  • Electricity Is Transmitted To The Consumer in Three Phases

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    ateeq ullah
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    Electricity is generated at power plants and transmitted through lines to consumers. As consumer loads increase, power factor decreases, reducing efficiency and increasing current supply. Low power factor is caused by inductive loads which make current lag voltage. This requires larger equipment, conductors, and hurts voltage regulation. To resolve this, capacitor banks are commonly installed to provide a capacitive load that counteracts inductive loads, bringing the power factor closer to unity and improving efficiency and power quality.

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    Electricity is transmitted to the consumer in three phases

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    Electricity is generated at power plants and transmitted through lines to consumers. As consumer loads increase, power factor decreases, reducing efficiency and increasing current supply. Low power factor is caused by inductive loads which make current lag voltage. This requires larger equipment, conductors, and hurts voltage regulation. To resolve this, capacitor banks are commonly installed to provide a capacitive load that counteracts inductive loads, bringing the power factor closer to unity and improving efficiency and power quality.

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    6 views2 pages

    Electricity Is Transmitted To The Consumer in Three Phases

    Uploaded by

    ateeq ullah
    Electricity is generated at power plants and transmitted through lines to consumers. As consumer loads increase, power factor decreases, reducing efficiency and increasing current supply. Low power factor is caused by inductive loads which make current lag voltage. This requires larger equipment, conductors, and hurts voltage regulation. To resolve this, capacitor banks are commonly installed to provide a capacitive load that counteracts inductive loads, bringing the power factor closer to unity and improving efficiency and power quality.

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    of 2

    Electricity is transmitted to the consumer in three phases:

    1) Generation
    2) Transmission
    3) Distribution
    Electricity is generated in power plants from electromagnetic generators with the help of water,
    steam or air. It is transmitted from the power plants to the consumers by the help of chain of
    transmission and distribution lines. This supply of electricity to the consumer must fulfill the
    loads of the consumer, this load on the distribution end effect the overall power factor which is
    the angle between the voltage and current, that is the power factor decreases and hence the
    quality of the electricity supplied to the consumer is effected. By the increase of load the power
    factor decreases which is not efficient and cause increase in the supply of current. It is the duty
    of the electrical supply company to maintain the quality and the reliability of the electrical
    supply to the consumer.
    This low power is due to the presence of inductive load, as in the inductance current lags 90
    degrees from voltage, which is the cause of the bringing the power factor down, other causes
    are presence of induction motors, varying loads in the power system, electric heat furnaces in
    industries, arc lamps and harmonic current.

    Effects of low power factor:


    kVA rating of the equipment:
    Low power factor cause an increase in the kVA rating of the equipment as power factor is
    inversely proportional to the kVA rating, making them expensive.

    Conductor Size:
    Conductor size depend upon the amount of current flowing in the line, low power factor
    cause an increase in the supply of current, hence the conductor size increases and make it too
    costly.

    Voltage regulation:
    Low power factor causes the voltage regulation poor.

    Voltage regulation:
    Voltage regulation is the difference between the sending and receiving end voltages.

    Formula:
    Voltage regulation can be given as:
    Voltage regulation=(Vn-Vf)/Vn
    Vn=voltage at no load and Vf=voltage at full load.
    To maintain the quality of the supply of electricity to the consumer the voltage regulation
    should be improved.

    Processes of resolving the issue of power factor:


    1) Installments of synchronous condenser.
    2) Installments of phase advancers.
    3) Installments of capacitor banks.
    The most common used processes are the installment of capacitor banks and synchronous
    condensers. Also synchronous condensers are neglected because they are itself a load and are
    expensive in maintenance point of view. On the other hand capacitor bank are light and are
    very cheap and can be used at any circumstances that is why capacitor banks are preferred over
    the other 2.

    Installments of capacitor banks.


    It is known that inductive load have lagging power factor and capacitive load has lagging
    power factor, that is capacitive power factor ranges from -1 to 0 and inductive power factor
    ranges from 0 to 1. So, to bring the power factor to unity a capacitive load is attached to the
    transmission line and hence, the losses are removed and the quality and the voltage regulation
    is maintained.

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