Toaz Life Intermediate Student Book PDF Info

lOMoARcPSD|5974606
Toaz - life intermediate student book pdf info
Ingles Tecnico Contable (Universidad Católica de Santa María)
Studocu no está patrocinado ni avalado por ningún colegio o universidad.

Descargado por Ismael Christian Achahui Vilca (draking_live_96@hotmail.com)
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
EDITION
STUDENT'S BOOK I INTERMEDIATE
E'S
NATIONAL HELEN STEPHENSON

GEOGRAPHIC PAUL DUMMETT
LEARNING JOHN HUGHES
Austra lia · Brazil · Mexico · Singapore · United Kingdom · United States

lOMoARcPSD|5974606
- Contents
Unit Grammar Vocabulary Real life (functions) Pronunciation
present simple and word focus: love opening and closing direct questions
1
Culture and
present continuous
stative verbs
question forms: direct
questions
question forms: indirect
feelings
wordbuilding: adjective and
noun collocations
conversations short questions
questions
identity
pages 9-20
VIDEO: Faces of India page 18 REVIEW page 20
present perfect simple musical styles choosing an event weak forms
2
Performing
already, just and yet
present perfect simple and
past simp le
emotions
word focus: kind
describing performances
intonation with
really, absolutely,
etc.
pages 21-32
VIDEO: Taiko master page 30 REVIEW page 32
past simple and past describing experiences telling stories d and t after -ed
3
Water
cont inuous
past perfect
wordbuilding: adverbs
word focus: get
endings
was and were
pages 33-44
VIDEO: Four women and a wild river page 42 REVIEW page 44
predictio ns word focus: job and work making and responding weak and strong
4
Opportunities
future forms education
wordbuilding: prefix re-
pay and conditions
job requirements
to requests auxiliary verbs
pages 45-56
VIDEO: Everest tourism changed Sherpa lives page 54 REVIEW page 56
modal verbs (1) a healthy lifestyle describing dishes weak forms
5
Wellbeing
first conditional: if+ will
when, as soon as, unless,
until, before
word focus: so
restaurants
disappearing sounds
pages 57-68
VIDEO: Dangerous dining page 66 REVIEW page 68
purpose: to ... , for ... and word focus: long reacting to surprising news weak form of have
6
Mysteries.
so that.
certainty and possibility
art
wordbuilding: nouns and
verbs
-ly adverbs in the news
showing interest
and disbelief
pages 69-80
VIDEO: Encounters with a sea mon ster page 78 REVIEW page 80

lOMoARcPSD|5974606
ion ..rstening Reading Critical thinking Speaking Writing

--
IS ;;;:- :: .-.:ract from a TV an article about cultural examples getting to know you text type: a business
:':>gr amme about Native identity my language course , profile
- -eri can culture an article about how international writing skill: criteria
: :ieo ple doirig a quiz about globalization you feel for writing
-: o..irs and their meaning first impressions
oeople talking about an article about listening balance new releases text type: a review
.--:; events to music performing writing skill: linking
re1y, -=-tal king about his dance an article about a survey on the arts ideas (1)
7"C3i:emy performance art arts events
d ,;_xact from a radio an interview about draw ing conclusions the first time text type: a blog post
J::;·amme about recreation underwater discoveries what had happened writing skill:
·-e w ater an article about learning a lesson interesting language
_., ews about what an unforgettable it happened to me
next experience
:eopl e talking about their an article about the the author 's view predictions text type: a covering
:"load ambitions future of work planning your work letter
::-= .om en talking about an article about the the perfect job writing skill: formal
-=-:-s ons economic boom requests style
in China
::.<:-ad fro m a radio a new s item about w riter 's purpose rules and regulations text type: a formal
-as :::.;;·a"lme about healthy traditional dishes consequences letter/email
a news item about modern life w riting skill:
"'
:-::001e discussing the imaginary eating restaurant dishes explaining
::•of t he mind an article about modern consequences
lifestyles
a.. ·e :-::oole discussing an an article about flexible speculation or fact? w hat's it for? text type: a news story
-s-a photo thinking speculating writing skill:
:::: e• at a conference an article about one comparing ideas structuring a news
.., abo ut a mystery of aviation 's greatest surprising new s story
::1-·acc fro m a radio mysteries
:•;;ra'Time about the Nasca

lOMoARcPSD|5974606
- Unit Grammar
used to, would and
Vocabulary
in the city
Real life (functions)
stating preferences and
Pronunciation
rising and fal ling
7
Living space
past simple
comparison : adverbs
comparison: patterns
wordbuilding: noun -+
adjective
word focus: as and like
giving reasons intonation
pages 81-92
VIDEO: The town with no wi-fi page 90 REVIEW page 92
verb patterns: -ing form holiday activities dealing with problems strong and weak
8
Trav el
and to+ infinitive
present perfect continuous
and simp le
How long?
travel problems forms
pages 93-104
VIDEO: Ques tions and answers page 102 REVIEW page 104
passives shopping (1) buying things linking
9
Shopping
articles and quantifiers wordbuilding: compound
adjectives
shopping (2)
silent letters
pages 105-116
VIDEO: Making a dea l page 114 REVIEW page 116
second conditional medicine talking about injuries sentence stress
10
No lim its
defining relative clauses word focus: take
injuries
and
pages 117-128
VIDEO: Wha t does an astronaut dream about? page 126 REVIEW page 128
reported speech communications technology telephone language contrastive stress
11
Connections
reporting verbs polite requests with
can and could
pages 129-140
VIDEO: Can you read my lips? page 138 REVIEW page 140
third conditional wordbuilding: prefixes in-, making and accepting should have and
12
Expert s
should have and could have im-, un-
word focus: go
apologies could have
sentence stress
pages 141-152
VIDEO: Shark vs. octopus page 150 REVIEW page 152
COMMUNICATION ACTIVITIES page 153 GRAMMAR SUMMARY page 156 AUDIOSCRIPTS page 180

ti on
ling
Listening
three people talking about
different living arrangements
podcast replies about house
Reading
an article about what
New York used to
be like
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
Critical thinking
descriptions
Speaking
places
advice
a tourist destination
Writing
text type: a description
of a place
writing skill:
-
design an article about a little choices organizing ideas
town in Puerto Rico
·eak three people talking about an article about writers close reading holiday companions text type: a text
travel tips returning to their roots favourite activities message
people talking about their an article about tourism going green writing skill: informal
holidays travel problems style
an extract from a radio
programme about a wildlife
conservationist
market research interviews an article about two ways testing a conclusion shopping now and in text type: customer
with three people who of going shopping the future feedback
are shopping an article about how to souvenirs w riting skill: clarity:
an extract from a radio negotiate a price buying things pronouns
programme about impulse
buying
;s a podcast about the Marathon an article about life on reading between I'd love to live in ... text type: a personal
des Sables another planet the lines medicine email
an extract from a TV preview two stories about acts of inspirational people writing skill: linking
show about bionic bodies endurance talking about injuries ideas (2)
ess four conversations about an article about isolated opinions news storie s text type: an opinion
;with the news tribes personal essay
Id four conversations about news an article about communication writing skill: essay
headlines community journalism apps structure
telephone messages
nd an inter view with a farmer a review of a book about relevance decisions text type: a website
two stories about Arctic expeditions w here did I go w rong? article
uncomfortable situations an article about the going back in time w riting skill: checking
samurai making and accepting your w riting
apologies
lO

lOMoARcPSD|5974606
Unit 6 Encounters with a sea monster
Unit 12 Shark vs. octopus

What happens when a shark and an
octopus meet.
Unit 2
The history of Taiko drumming from
its origins in Japan to modern-day
San Francisco.
Unit 7 The town with no wi-fi
Find out what life is like in the quiet

zone of Green Bank.
Unit 11 Can you read my lips?
Rachel Kolb tells us about

communicating as a deaf person.
National Geographic Explorers
from Spain, the UK, Peru and other
countries talk about their roles and
about objects that are important to
them in their work.
--

lOMoARcPSD|5974606
Unit 10 What does an astronaut Unit 3 Four women and a wild river
dream about?
Amber Valenti leads a kayak trip down

the Amur River in Mongolia, Russia
and China.
Unit 5 Dangerous dining

Find out why people eat the most
dangerous fish on Earth - fugu .
l ..
Unit 1 Faces of India
...
•
- ind out if Everest tourism has been
rs
a good or a bad thing for the local
people. ;,! )
other
:ant to
,..
_//

lOMoARcPSD|5974606

-·-·- ·-- ·--· - --- ·- ·._.... ·._.-·--
.
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
...._...... ._. .._. _ - ...._,.._ - ...._,.._ . . ._,. . - - ._,.._ ._,. J
FEATURES 1 Work in pairs . Look at the photo and the caption. Discuss
the questions .
10 How we see other 1 Where's the girl from?
cultures 2 What's she wearing? Everyday clothes or
How we think about traditional clothes?
cultural groups 3 The photo shows two things that are important in
Nati ve American culture. What do you think they are?
12 Culture and colour 2 Cll Listen to an extract from a TV programme on world
Do quizzes about colour cultures. Check your ideas from Exercise 1.
14 A world together 3 Cl) Listen to the extract again. Complete the sentences.
Find out what globalization 1 People from all cultures need a sense of ...
really means 2 Many Native American children learn to ride ...
3 Wearing the colours of our favourite team says 'We ... '
18 Faces of India
4 Work in pairs . Do you belong to any of these groups? Tell your
A video about the partner about them or any other groups you know about.
photographer Steve McCurry
cultural societies hobby groups
educational classes online communities
family groups sports clubs
GETTING TO KNOW YOU MY LANGUAGE COURSE HOW INTERNATIONAL YOU FEEL FIRST IMPRESSIONS 9
my life A BUSINESS PROFILE
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
reading cultural identity • grammar present simple and present continuous • word focus love •
speaking getting to know you
1a How we see other cultures

Reading
1 Look at the hats. Which part of the wo rld do you
think each one comes from ?
How we see
2 Read the articl e and check your idea s from
Exercise 1. other cultures
3 Read the article again . Find three rea sons w h y w e
form gener al opinions of other cultural groups .
y neighbour recently came back
4 Work in pairs . How do film s, news report s
and TV shows influence our opinion s of other
M from holiday. I guess he was
in Australia - he's wearing one of
cultural groups?
those bush hats with corks around
it everywhere he goes. I'm curious
Grammar present simple and about why we identify places by
present continuous things like hats. I mean, baseball caps are
certainly popular in the United States,
PRESENT SIMPLE and PRESENT CONTINUOUS but I'm looking out of my window
Present simple (I live in central London) and
I live in central Londo n. nobody is wearing a bowler hat.
[ ...}people put the things the y meet in the world into
And you don't see many Mexicans
groups.
with sombreros or Vietnamese with
Present continuous
straw hats in everyday life either.
He's wea ring one of t hose bush hats.
I'm looking ou t of my window. The question is, why do we think
For fur t her info rmation and pract ice, see page 156. about other nationa l groups in this
way? According to psychologists, it's
S Look at the grammar box . Which verb form do w e because people put the things they
use for the se things? meet in the world into groups. We
do this for several reasons. First, it
1 things which are permanent or generall y true means that our brain doesn't work
2 things which are temporar y or in progress at
so hard because it doesn't need to
the time of speaking
analyse every new individual thing
6 Choose the correct option to complete the that we meet. Another reason is that
sentences . when we understand (or think we
1 a I work I I'm working for a lar ge cultural understand) something, we can
organization. make predictions about it - we know
b I work I I'm working extra hour s. It's the what kind of behaviour to expect.
busy season at work. Finally, it seems that we all love to feel
good about ourselves and the group we
2 a We live I We're living with my parents until
our flat is read y. belong to. This is easier when we put
b We live I We're living just out side the city. others into groups too.
3 a The kids are I are being naught y toda y. So is it a good thing or a bad thing to
Sorr y! have these general opinions? Perhaps
b kids are I are being usuall y very good . the first and more important
question is to ask ourselves if
4 a She has I She's having an exam ev ery w eek.
b She has I She's having some problem s w ith the things we believe about other
her school work. groups are actually true . And in the
case of hats, I don't think it is!

lOMoARcPSD|5974606
Comple te the pairs of sentences with the present 11 Choose the correct option to complete
and present continuous forms of the verbs. the sentences .
a He (not I feel) relaxed when 1 Jake 's on the phone. He tells I He's telling Pat
he's on a plane. about his holiday .
b He .... ........ . ................................... (not I feel) very well at 2 What do you think I are you thinking of my hat?
the moment. 3 Do you rememberI Are you rememberinglast
summer?
a I (come) from Scotland
4 I hear I I'm hearing you new job.
originally .
·es b I
a I (do) an evening class
(come) -wait for me!
5 Maria's at the travel agent's. She asks I is asking
the dates of the flight.
6 I want I I'm wanting to pass my exams first time.
this year . 7 Sorry, I don't know I I'm not knowing the answer .
b I (do) my homework as soon 8 Do you make I Are you making coffee? Great.
as I get in from class.
a My friend ... .......... . .. ................. .. ............... (look) for a new job Word focus love
in a different company.
b My friend .............. . ................................... .. (look) tired after 12 Work in pairs . Look at this extract from the article.
she's been to the gym. Then look at how love is used in the sentences.
When could you use each expression?
llll- DYNAMIC and STATIVE VERBS ... we all love to feel good about ourselves ...
Dynamic verbs 1 I'd love to! Thanks.
People put the things they meet in the world into 2 I love walking in the rain.
groups. 3 Lots of love, Jenna
Just a moment. I'm putting my hat and scarf on. 4 We love the summer .
Stative verbs 5 Please give Oscar our love.
We know what kind of behaviour to expect. 6 The story of two strangers who fall in love.
(not a1 e knowing) 7 They are very much in love.
For further information and practice, see page 156. 8 I'm loving it.
13 Work in pairs. Write two-line exchanges using

:..ook at the grammar box. Choose the correct the expressions in Exercise 12. Then act out your
option to complete the rules . exchanges.
1 Dynamic verbs are I are not used in both the A: Do you want to come for something to eat
continuous and simple form. after class?
_ Stative verbs are not normally used in the B: I'd love to! Thanks.
continuous form I simpleform.
9 Underline these stative verbs in the article . Speaking 1itel
believe belong mean need seem 14 Work in pairs. Ask and answer questions using
understand wonder these stative verbs. Ask one follow-up question
each time .
m.11§1.1 Add the stative verbs from Exercise 9 to the table. 1 remember I first English class?
Then add these verbs. 2 clubs I belong to?
3 how many languages I know?
contain hate like love prefer realize 4 hours sleep a night I need?
remember sound suppose taste 5 any food I hate?
6 prefer I tea or coffee?
Stative verbs 7 food I love?
Thoughts know, ,. A: Do you remember your first English class?
and mental B: No, why? Do you?
processes ··········································· ' .
The senses hear, .
Emotions want, ,.
............................................
• .
Possession have, .........................................• . .
my Iife J GETTING TO KNOW YOU

8 us1NEss PROFILE
MY LANGUAGE COURSE

HOW INTERNATIONAL YOU FEEL FIRST IMPRESSIONS 11
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
vocabulary feelings • listening colours and their meaning • grammar question forms •
pronunciation questions • speaking my language course
1 b Culture and colour

Vocabulary feelings Listening
1 Work in pairs. How do you think the people 3 CID Work in pairs. Do the quiz Colours and their
described in the comments feel? Choose from meaning. Then listen and check your answers.
these adjectives.
4 CID Listen again and complete the table.
angry cheerful happy lucky positive sad
Colour Place Meaning
1 He's feeling a bit blue today. red Western cultures 1
2 He just saw red! Eastern cultures 2
3 He's in a black mood today. yellow 3 knowledge

4 5
2 Choose the correct option to complete the
sentences. Then ask your partner the questions . 6 Japan 7
8
1 What are two things that make you happinessI
happy? blue 9 death
2 When did you last have some good luck I lucky? green 10 environmentalism
3 Can you tell me if you are brave I bravery?
4 What achievements are you pride I proud of?
5 Do you think anger I angry is a good thing? 5 Do these colours mean the same in your culture?
6 Do you know who the most power I powerful What's your favourite colour?
person in the world is?
Colours
Look at the photo . Where are the

women going?
a to a birthday party
b to a wedding
Does red mean different things in

Eastern and Western cultures?
a yes b no
Where does yellow mean 'knowledge'?

a China b India
Which colour means 'happiness'

in Japan?
a orange b pink
Do Mexicans wear blue at funerals?

a yes b no
Who uses green as their symbol?

a environmentalists
b the women's movement

lOMoARcPSD|5974606
rammar question forms 11 Write indirect questions for these direct questions. Begin
with the words in brackets.
QU ESTION FORMS: DIRECT QUESTIONS
1 How many hours a week do you study English?
- oj ect questions (Can you tell me)
- ;ch colour means happiness in Japan? Can you tell me how many hours a week you study English?
;.a/What uses green as a symbol? 2 Why are you doing this course? (Can you tell me)
i their er questions 3 When does the course finish? (Do you know)
·rs. -ere are they going? 4 How many languages does the teacher speak?
.,at does yellow mean? (Do you know)
?-:·fu rther information and practice, see 5 Which other courses are you doing? (Can you tell me)
·:=g e 156. 6 How many students are there in this class?
(Do you know)
:..ook at the grammar box. Which type of
uestion has the same subject-verb word Speaking my life
rd er as affirmative sentences?
12 Work in pairs. Ask and answer your questions from
=...ook at the quiz in Exercise 3 again. Which Exercise 11.
uestions are object questions? Which are
subj ect questions? 13 Complete these blue and yellow quiz questions with verbs
or question words.
ltalism -rite questions for these answers . Begin
i th the words in brackets. 14 Work in two pairs within a group of four.
lture? Mexicans wear blue at funerals. (who) Pair A: Turn to page 153 and follow the instructions.
Who wears blue at funerals? Pair B: Turn to page 154 and follow the instructions.
- Yellow means happiness in Egypt.
(which colour)
- Some people wear purple on 1 Where the
Blue-footed booby live?
International Women's Day. (what
colour) 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .lives
. in
the Blue House in
Picasso painted a white dove as a symbol
South Korea?
of peace . (who)
- Red means anger in many cultures. 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .you
. . know
the name of the country
(what) where the Blue Nile
The United States president lives in the begins?
Whi te House . (who) 4 part of the
USA is famous for
:>renunciation direct questions Blues music?
Listen to the questions from Exercise 8.

:Joes the speaker's voice rise at the end of
le questions? Or does it rise, then fall?
·• Listen again and repeat the questions.
QUESTION FORMS: INDIRECT QUESTIONS

Do you know what yellow means?
Can you tell me who uses green as a symbol?
further information and practice, see

oage 156.
:..oak at the grammar box. What is the order

f the subject and verb in indirect questions?
-
Where ......................................... yellow taxi cabs from originally?
Which fruit ..........................................the Californian Yellow Fruit Festival
celebrate?
sport gives a yellow jersey to the winner?
Can you tell me where the house that inspired Van Gogh's
'Yellow House' painting ?
GETIING TO KNOW YOU MY LANGUAGE COURSE HOW INTERNATIONAL YOU FEEL IMPRESSIONS 13
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
reading globalization • wordbuilding adjective + noun collocations • critical thinking examples •

speaking how international you feel
1c A world together
Reading 6 Work in pairs. Think of at least one more
collocation with each adjective in Exercise 5. Then
1 Complete the definition of globalization. Use the ask and answer questions with the collocation.
same word twice.
Do you like vegetarian food?
Globalizationis the idea that companies are now
working in many different . . ...................and the
culture of different .... ................................is becoming
Critical thinking examples
similar. 1 The author is trying to describe what globalization
is. Which two types of globalization does she
2 Read the article quickly. Which paragraph(s) talk(s) mention?
about business? Which talk(s) about culture?
8 Giving examples is on.e way of helping to make a
3 Read the article again. Answer the questions. point. Underline examples of these things in the
1 Which two recent experiences demonstrated article.
globalized culture to the author?
1 how popular culture moves from one country
(paragraph 1)
to another
2 Which four things have increased the
(paragraph 1)
connections between countries?
2 globalization in business
(paragraph 2)
(paragraph 2)
3 Which four things do some people think have a
3 how 'national cultures are strong'
negative effect on other cultures?
(paragraph 3)
(paragraph 3)
9 How did the author's examples help you
I 4 Work in pairs. Does globalization affect you or

someone you know? How?
Wordbuilding adjective+ noun

understand what globalization is?
10 Read the pairs of sentences. Underline the

example sentences. Then write sentences of your
own giving examples.
col locations
1 You can eat great international food in my
WORDBUILDING adjective + noun collocations town. There are lots of Thai restaurants in
Some adjectives and nouns often go together.
particular.
national identity, vegetarian food 2 Internet TV gives you access to programmes
from different countries. Brazilian soap operas
For further practice, see Workbook page 11. are popular here now.
3 There's lots to do in the evenings in my area.
5 Look at the wordbuilding box. Complete the We've got a couple of great theatres.
sentences with these words. Then find the
collocations in the article and check your answers. Speaking my life
culture market view identity menu 11 Work in pairs to prepare a survey on how
thing 'international' other students' lives are. Use these
ideas. Then work on your own and ask at least
1 Television is a good example of popular two other students your questions.
2 Nowadays companies have a worldwide clothes food movies music sports

.........................................................
of customers. technology
3 My local cafe has a great vegetarian
Are any of your clothes made in other countries?
4 I think speaking foreign languages is a good Which internationalfoods do you eat/like?
5 Drinking tea is part of the English national 12 Share the results of your survey with the class.
Which international items are most common?
6 I try to have a positive .... .....................of changes
in my life.
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
5. Then
ti on .
llization
;he a MOf.lH.\10
make a
in the
ount ry
,f your WORLD TOGETHER

....... BY ERLA ZWINGLE
.............................................................................................................................................................
ny
in
_ ::..re in the middle of worldwide changes in culture . but the internet had the same number after only five
runes - ·::::._1ar culture is crossing from one country to years. Today the internet can connect us all in real
operas in ways we have never seen before. Let me time as together we watch the same news story as
area.
=,ou some examples. One day, I'm sitting in a it happens, anywhere in the world.
_==e shop in London having a cup of Italian espresso How do people feel about global ization? It depends 30
?"" 5d by an Algerian waiter, listening to American
on where they live and how much money they
::c playing in the background. A few days later, I'm
have. Not everyone is happy about globalization.
=- · 'l g down a street in Mexico - I'm eating Japanese More than a fifth of all the people in the world now
/
:c and listening to the music of a Filipino band . In
speak some English. Some people believe that
many people love flamenco. Meanwhile , in
e these there is a kind of 'cultural attack ' from the English 35
oe, Japanese food is the latest in-thing. European
.eas t language, social media, and McDonald's and
decorate their hands with henna tattoos. It's the
Starbucks. But I have a more positive view. I think
that cultures are strong and countries don't need to
-- s globalization of culture follows on from the lose their national identity. In India, there are more
- :>a.Jization of business. Modern industry now has than four hundred languages and several different 40
<: orldw ide market. Businesses make their products religions - and McDonald's serves mutton instead
·?
). e country and sell them in another. Companies of beef and offers a vegetarian menu. In Shanghai,
people on one continent to answer telephone the television show Sesame Street teaches Chinese
=-.1cuiries from customers on a different continent. values and traditions. As one Chinese teacher said,
.ass. true that buying and selling goods in different 'We've got an American box with Chinese content 45
m? ntries is not new. But nowadays , everything in it.'
-.aopens faster and travels further. In the past , there
But there is one thing that is certain - globalization
are camel trains, ships and railways. Then planes,
is here to stay. And if that means we'll understand
:::ephones and television brought us closer together.
each other better, that 's a good thing.
- a,evision had fifty million users after thirteen years,
GETTING TO KNOW YOU MY LANGUAGE COURSE HOW INTERNATIONAL YOU FEEL FIRST IMPRESSIONS 15
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
real life opening and closing conversations • pronunciation short questions
1d First impressions
Real life opening and closing conversations
'You never get a second chance

to make a good first impression:
Dress appropriately. A dark blue suit is great for a business meeting,
a red tie or scarf suggests power and energy.
• Be punctual, courteous and positive.
Make sure you know the other person's name. Use it!
Make the other person the focus of your attention. Sound interested!
Ask questions!
• Know what you want to say and say it effectively!
• Don't forget to follow up on your meeting with a phone call or an email.
1 Read the seminar handout. Then work in groups 5 Pronunciation short questions
and discuss these questions.
a CllJ Listen to these exchanges. Notice how the
1 Do the colours and clothes mean the same speakers use short questions to show interest.
thing in your country?
2 What does to be punctual mean in your country? 1 C: I mostly work on web adverts.
3 Do you use first names or surnames in P: Doyou?
your country? 2 P: I'm in sales.
4 Which advice is appropriate in your country? C: Oh, are you?
Which is not appropriate? 3 L: Oh yes, my brother goes to Get fit.
2 ell Listen to two conversations at a business Y: Doeshe?
skills seminar in the UK. Four participants are 4 Y: It's nearly ready to open, in fact.
role-playing 'first meetings'. Which advice in the L: Is it?
seminar handout do they folllow? Tick the points.
b Work in pairs. Practise the exchanges.
3 ell Look at the expressions for opening and
closing conversations. Listen again and tick the 6 Practise the conversations from Exercise 2 with
expressions Paola, Colin, Lucy and Yuvraj use. your partner. Look at the audioscript on page 180.
Which pair of participants do you think gave the
7 Imagine you are a participant at the business skills
best performance?
seminar. Complete the profile information card.
4 Look at the expressions for opening and closing Then do the seminar task. Use the expressions for
conversations again. Which expressions are the opening and closing conversations to help you.
most formal?
First Impressions
Name ..
Task: You are at a
.... OPENING AND CLOSING CONVERSATIONS Company networking event.
Opening a conversation Introduce yourself to as
May I introduce myself? Position many people as you can
Allow me to introduce myself. and arrange to follow
How do you do? My name's ...
Responsibilities up useful contacts. You
Hello, how are you . I'm .. .
only have two minutes
It's 'a pleasure to meet you .
I'm very pleased to meet you. with each person.
Current projectsyou are
Closing a conversation and moving on involved in
networking (n) /' netw3:k11J /
Thanks for your time.
making useful business
It's been good talking to you.
contacts
Let me give you my card.
Let's stay in touch .
Why don't I give you my card? 8 Work in pairs. Compare the information you
How about Descargado por Ismael Christian Achahui Vilca (draking_live_96@hotmail.com)
meeting again? found out about different people in Exercise 7.
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
1e About us
About us
We are a professional travel agency with
fifteen years' experience. We offer advice
for all kinds of travel. We help you find
the perfect holiday destination. We lead
the field in designing personalized trips.
What we do
Our team of experts can recommend
the best accommodation for your needs.
We work closely with small hotels and
guides in twelve countries. We arrange
everything from the first to the last day of
410
.....-%.....:.._- your trip.
"' the Testimonials

est.
'Go our way! booked everything for us
on our family trip to Vietnam. Everything
went perfectly.' Sandra Lowe, Edinburgh
'We used Go our way! to plan our holiday
of a lifetime last year. Their ideas were just
what we wanted.' Bim Okri, London
riting a business profile 4 Compete the sentences with some of the verbs you
underlined in Exercise 3.
Read the information about Go our way! Who (a-d)
1 Our telecommunications company can
do you think would be interested in their services?
w ith ... of all your communication needs.
ige 180. a families with young children 2 Let our market researchers ...................................the best
groups of friends strategy for your business .
!SS skills c business travellers 3 As a fast food company, we .................................... the way
card. d independen t travellers in healthy food choices .
.ons for 4 Our personal banking advisors ....... ...................................you
you. .2 Writing skill criteria for writing save mone y.
a Read the information again. Choose the 5 Work in groups. Imagine you run a small business
a corre ct option. together. Decide on your company name , field of
lt. work and some current projects.
: text type: website I letter
!If to as
_ sty le: neutral I formal I informal 6 Work on your own . Write a profile to promote
can 3 reader: current customers I possiblecustomers
ollow your business. Use the Go our way! profile and the
purpose: to promote the company I to advertise categories in Exercise 2 to help you.
ts. You
a product
in utes 7 Work in your groups again. Read your profiles
structure: a sequencedtext I separatesections
l.
of text and choose the one which best promotes your
company . Think about the following points.
it w3:k1u/ · ·,ffich features of the text helped you decide your
I .
siness ans wers to Exercise 2a? • accuracy Spelling mistakes do not look
professional!
3 :.:nde rline these things in the text. • clarity Does the reader understand exactly
)U what your business does?
... travel vocabulary
;e 7. _ verbs that describe what the company does
mm my life
GETIING TO KNOW YOU MY LANGUAGE COURSE HOW INTERNATIONAL YOU FEEL FIRST IMPRESSIONS 17
A BUSINESS PROFILE
lOMoARcPSD|5974606

Before you watch
1 Look at the photo and the caption. Describe the
man's appearance. What does his expression tell
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
6 I 0111 Can you remember what Steve McCurry

says about photographing faces? Do you agree?
Choose the correct option or watch the last section
of the video (2.29 to the end) again.
-
you about him?
It's the eyes I strangefeatures I the wholeface that tells
the story.
2 Key vocabulary
a Read the sentences. The words in bold are used in After you watch
the video. Guess the meaning of the words.
1 The shepherd has two dogs to help him move 7 Vocabulary in context
the sheep.
2 I think the eyes are often a person's most
a I Olfj Watch the clips from the video. Choose
the correct meaning of the words and phrases.
interesting feature.
3 It takes days to get to Rajasthan as it's b Answer the questions in your own words. Then
quite remote. work in pairs and compare your answers.
-l The local people dress in a very particular way.
5 My friend always amuses me with his 1 Can you think of two places where you feel
funny stories. at home?
2 What do you think is a good way to make
_Jatch the words in bold in Exercise 2a with these a living?
de finitions. 3 Have you been anywhere that felt like
another planet?
a part of the face
4 Have you seen anything or done anything
far from other places, difficult to get to
which you could describe as 'kind of strange'?
c special, individual or different from others
5 What activities do people do which involve
the job of looking after sheep
getting warmed up before they start?
e to make someone laugh or to entertain
someone 8 Work in groups. Steve McCurry's photos in the
video focus on the people and especially their
hile you watch faces to 'tell the story' of Rajasthan. Choose a place
or a group of people you know. Plan a photoshoot
3 11Clll Watch the first part of the video (0.00-0.28). of ten photos to tell the 'story'. Use these ideas to
Complete the information about Steve McCurry. help you.
Steve McCurry is a 1 ......................................................... His first job • What are the most important features of
- -as working on a 2 .......................................................•His ambition the group?
-as to travel and see the 3 _ ............. . He's • Is appearance or activity more important?
- ·orked at National Geographic for about • Do you need to include the place or just
. . years. the people?
• wrnw Watch the rest of the video and look fortune teller (n) /'f:i:tfu:n ,tel:i / someone who predicts a
closely at the people you see. Then work in pairs person's future
and describe the person you remember best from hospitable (adj) /hos'p1t:ibl/ friendly to visitors
-1-.e video. nomad (n) /'n:iumred/ someone who moves from one
place to another to live
'5 I Cllll Watch the whole video again. Match snake charmer (n) /'sne1k ,tJo:m:i/ someone who
-1-.e beginnings of the sentences (1-6) with the performs with snakes
end ings (a-f).
_ Rajasthan is home to
: Rajasthan is
3 The people of Rajasthan are
.,. Some nomads have the job of
3 Steve McCurry is
Steve McCurry is interested in
a a shy person.
gentle and hospitable.
c meeting people.
some nomadic shepherds.
e strange and wonderful.
• amusing people.
19

lOMoARcPSD|5974606
UNIT 1 REVIEW AND MEMORY BOOSTER
Grammar ICAN
ask and answer questions about things which are
1 Complete the interview with a prize-winning always and generally true, and routines (present simple)
travel writer from London at the prize-giving ask and answer questions about things happening
event. now (present continuous)
1 Q: What . .........................................(this prize I talk about possessions and states: thoughts and
mean) to you? mental processes, etc. (stative verbs)
A: Actually, I ......................................................... (feel) very proud of use different question forms: direct and
myself . I never ... mm (expect) to win indirect questions
prizes .
2 Q: When you sit down to write , how Vocabulary
.............................................................. (you I decide)
.....................................................
5 Write the noun forms of these adjectives.
I
what to write about?
A: I (not I know), really.
angry brave cheerful happy lucky
Sometimes my readers ....................................................... (send)
me ideas . powerful proud sad
3 Q: ...................................... (which places I
.............................................................................
interest) you? 6 WM:I Work in pairs . Look at the adjectives in
A: Oh, everywhere. Every culture ... Exercise 5. How often do you feel like this? What
(have) something special about it. kinds of situations make you feel this way?
4 Q: ... ...........................(you I work) on
ICAN
anything at the moment?
A: I (do) some research for a new talk about feelings and personal states
book and I also ...................................................... (want) to finish

some magazine articles . Real life
(you I can I tell)
5 Q: ...........................................................................................................
me what the book's about? 7 Look at the expressions (1-6) . Do we use them to
A: At the moment, I (think) about open (0) or close (C) conversations?
either Brazil or Vietnam. I love both places. 1 Hello, how are you? I'm .. .
2 How about meeting again?
2 Are the sentences aqout Zoe true (T) or false (F)? 3 How do you do? My name's ...
1 She's surprised to win prizes for her books . 4 Let me give you my card.
2 She usually writes about what her readers 5 Let's stay in touch.
want. 6 May I introduce myself?
3 She's writing some articles on Peru and
Vietnam . 8 Work in small groups . You are at an event for
the travel industry. Act out conversations with
3 f>iM:IWork in pairs. Say which tense is used in different partners using a suitable expression to
each gap in Exercise 1 and explain why. begin and end the conversation.
4 f>ilfl!:IWork in pairs . Each person

choose one ICAN
dynamic and one stative verb from Exercise 1. Ask introduce myself in formal and informal situations
and answer questions using each verb. open and close a conversation
ask for and give personal information
-· ·- ··- · - ·,
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
--- - -------o
ing
ky
[ves in
s? What FEATURES 1 Which word is the odd one out in each group? Why?
y? 1 actor audience dance director
22 Music today dance - all the others are people
How we listen to 2 choreographer conductor musician play
music toda y 3 concert dancer musical show
4 act comedian entertainer magician
24 Learning to dance 5 band choir orchestra singer
Why do we dance? 6 ballet clown drama opera
the m to
26 Living statues
2 CIEi Listen to three people talking about different events.
Tick the words in Exercise 1 they mention .
Entertainment on the street
3 CIEi Listen again . Whichperson is talking about the photo?
30 Taiko master What are the other two people talking about?
A video about a Japanese 4 Work in pairs . Are you interested in the arts? Discuss
art form these questions .
: for 1 How often do you go to concerts, shows or the theatre?
w ith 2 What are your favourite types of events?
>ion to 3 What traditional events in your country or region do
you enjoy?
4 Do you like taking part in things or do you prefer being in
the audience?
NEW RELEASES PERFORMING A SURVEY ON THE ARTS ARTS EVENTS 21

my life A REVIEW
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
vocabu lary musical styles • reading listening to music • grammar present perfect simple • speaking new releases
2a Music today
Vocabulary musical styles 5 Read the articl e again . Discuss the questions.
1 Is it easy to find music stores in town centres?
1 Work in pairs . Discuss the questions . Do you like
Why? I Why not ?
the same kind of music?
2 Why are there more music websites nowadays?
1 What's your favourite album? 3 How do we listen to music for free?
2 Do you like all the tracks on it? 4 Why is it now easier to listen to
3 How do you usually listen to music? international musicians?
2 Ill?) Listen to six music clips. Discuss the clips 6 Are any of the things in the article true for you?
with your partner. Use some of these words. Tell your partner.
catchy cheerful inter esting lively

repetitiv e sad tuneless unusual
THE ONLINE
3 Ill?) Listen again. Which country do you think
each clip is from? Write the number (1-6) next to revolution
the country . The way we listen to and buy music has changed
enormously in recent years. These days it's hard to
blu es - USA Gnawaa - Morocco find a music store in your local town centre - where
bhangra - India Malagasy - Madagascar have they all gone? The answer, of course, is online.
bossa nova - Brazil punk - UK The number of music websites has grown incredibly
------ Celtic - Ireland reggae - Jamaica quickly since internet connections became faster
charanga - Cuba taiko drumming - Japan and cheaper. But it 's not only the way we buy music
flamenco - Spain township jive - South Africa that's different, it's also what we buy. New vinyl
records have been hard to find for years. And CD
sales have fallen and MP3 sales are slowing down.
Reading In fact, thanks to musicians' websites and other
4 Read the article from a magazine, Music today. streaming websites, we can now choose the music
What's the article about? Choose the correct we listen to without actually buying it. These days
option (a-c). our choice is much wider - bands and singers release
their music on line direct to the listeners and so it has
a the best live bands become much easier to discover different kinds of
b becoming a musician music from all over the world . One thing that hasn't
c music and new technology changed so much, however, is our love of live music.
Bands still go on tour and play at festivals, giving
their audiences often unforgettable experiences.
vinyl (n) /'vam;il/ a kind of plastic used to make records

lOMoARcPSD|5974606
ammar present perfect simple 11 Are these expressions used with for or since? Write
two lists .
PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
1986 a couple of days a few months
:.:J sales have fallen .
ons. a while ages centuries I was a child July
:-e thing that hasn't changed is our love of live music.
ere have they gone?
last Monday lunchtime my last holiday
centres? some time the day before yesterday years
-=· 'u rther information and practice, see page 158.
owadays?
12 Write the present perfect simple form of the verbs.
:...ook at the grammar box. How do we form the Then complete the sentences so that they are true
• resent perfect simple? Which verbs have irregular for you. Work in pairs and compare your sentences.
" as t participles?
(not I listen) to . .
1 I ........................................................
>r you? for ages.
-:..:nderline four more present perfect simple
sentences in the article. Then choose the correct 2 I ........................................................
(live) in this town for
p tions in these sentences (a-d).
3 I .. (be) in my current job I class
a We know I don't know exactly when the activities since ...
or situations started. 4 I ...........................................
(know) my best friend since
The activities or situations started in the past.
They have I don't have an effect on the present. 5 L (not I go) to
ged c The present perfect is used with for I since and for months.
ard to the point of time when the activity started. 6 I ........................................................
(have) my ...........................................
since
' where d The present perfect is used with for I since and a last year.
online. period of time.
redibly JUST and YET
Complete the text with the present perfect simple
ster
·orm of the verbs. My nearest record store has just closed.
music
I haven't bought any music online yet.
nyl
Digital downloads of albums I've already listened to some music sites.
CD 1
(become)
.........................................................
For further information and practice, see page 158.
the most popular way
to buy music in recent
usic
years, but not everybody 13 CID Match the comments (1-4) with the
(lose) interest
2 ......................................................... responses (a-d). Complete the sentences with
in vinyl records. Sales of already,just and yet. Then listen and check.
so it has vinyl records 3 ....
ds of 1 Have you heard Shakira's new single?
(rise) significantly since 2007. Many buyers are
iIt hasn't 2 Do you want to borrow the new James Bond
younger fans who 4 ......................(realize) that
music. DVD?
music sounds better on vinyl. The price of a
ving 3 Have you seen the musical Wicked . . ...............................?
typical pop CD 5 ...............................................(not I go up) for
ces. a while, but some collectors 6 ......................................................... (pay) 4 I've ...........................................bought tickets to see Stomp in
thousands of pounds for original vinyl records by London!
brds early punk bands. a No, thanks. I've . . ...............seen it. I saw it at
the cinema.
b Yes, we have. It's even better than the film.
0 Complete the sentences with the present perfect c Really? Is that show still running?
simple form of these verbs.
d No, not ............................................ Is it as good as her last one?
be happen not have not hear record sell
Speaking my life
1 Fado singer Mariza ......................................................... over a million
records worldwide. 14 Work in pairs. Act out conversations as in
2 Charanga bands ... ....................part of Cuban Exercise 13. Use these ideas.
culture since the 1940s.
3 Most people in the UK ....................................................... any an album I a song I a track
hoomii music. a book I a magazine I comic
4 Punk music .................................................... much success in a musical I a show I a play I a concert I a film
recent years. an exhibition I a festival
5 What .......................................................
to MTV since Youtube began?
6 How many albums ...........................................your favourite
A: The new Adele album has just come out. Have you
band ...........................................?
heard it yet?
B: No, not yet. What's it like?
L my life) ..,. ld@;l@li'\1f4j

A REVIEW
PERFORMING A SURVEY ON THE ARTS ARTS EVENTS 23

lOMoARcPSD|5974606
vocabulary emotions • listening a dance academy • grammar present perfect simple and past simple •
speaking performing
2b Learning to dance
Vocabulary emotions Listening
1 What kind of things can change your mood? Choose 3 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions.
the correct option to complete the sentences.
1 What kind of dances are traditional in your
1 That music is so cheerful - it always puts me in region or country?
a bad I good mood. 2 Have you ever been to a dance class or learned
2 That song's so sad. I feel like crying I laughing a dance?
every time I hear it. 3 Do you enjoy dancing?
3 It's a really funny film. I can't stop crying I 4 Do you dance at special occasions? Which ones?
laughing when I think about it. 5 Is there a dance or kind of dance you'd like to
4 TV shows about people's problems make me be able to do?
cry I smile.
5 I love dancing because it cheers me up I makes 4 ClfJ Listen to a dance teacher, Bruce Daley,
me feel sad. talking about his career. Correct the factual errors
in these sentences.
2 Work in pairs. Tell your partner what changes 1 Daley opened the studio when he started
your moods. Use some of the expressions in bold
dancing professionally.
in Exercise l.
2 A lot of young kids began coming when big TV
I don't go out dancing very often. But when I do, it shows started.
puts me in a good mood . 3 Two of his older students became professionals
last year.
4 Once, a very happy young man came to class.

lOMoARcPSD|5974606
'S CID Listen again. Are the sentences true (T) or 10 CID Choose the correct options to complete
false (F)? the text. Then listen and check.
Daley runs dance classes for professional dancers. Bruce 1 was I has been my teacher for about two
_ His first students were older people.
years now. 2 1started I I've started coming here
3 Many people have found a new social life at during a bad period at work. Bruce's classes are
his studio. great- 3 1 never had I I've never had so much
Traditional ballroom dancing has never been fun! 4 1 met I I've met all kinds of people here.
your popular. Some of them 5 became I have become really
- Daley has seen how dancing can change people's good friends . At first, I 6didn't know I haven't
r learned moods. known how to dance. But I soon 7 realized I have
He's had two careers through dance. realized that you can't get embarrassed - you
- Bruce Daley talks about the role of dancing in just have to dance! Everyone here 8 felt I
ich ones? has felt the same way at some point .
:l like to ;:-eople's lives. Can you think of other activities
;:>eople do to :
make them feel young? keepingfit 11 Pronunciation weak forms
ley,
:: meet people?
al errors
3 have a social life? a CID Listen to four sentences from Exercise 10
change their mood? again. Notice how the verb have is not stressed in
ted present perfect statements.
big TV
ammar present perfect simple b Work in pairs. Practise saying the four sentences.
and past simple 12 Match the pairs of verbs with the sentences. Use
essiona ls the present perfect simple and the past simple
PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE and PAST SIMPLE form of the verbs to complete the sentences.
to class. -.;·ici ng has been my life, really.
- this school was the best thing I've ever done. come out I be not book I not enjoy
, injuri es ended my career as a dancer ten years ago . never try I go see I go
the school gave me a new career as a teacher. not be I break start I not watch
.=-:· information and practice, see page 158.
1 Dancing on Ice on TV last month,
but I .........................................................it yet.
at the grammar box. Circle the past simple verbs 2 I first ........................................................River Dance in April and I
md underline the present perfect simple forms. Then . . three times since then!
-1..oose the correct option to complete the rules. 3 I ........................................................
Zumba, but I to
We use the present perfect simple I past simple when an aerobics class a few months ago.
w e don't say when something happened. 4 Jack ...................................................... in the show since he
_ We use the present perfect simple I past simple when .. . his ankle.
we say- or it is clear from the situation -when 5 We . mm tickets for Enrique Iglesias
something happened. this time. We his last concert.
6 When the film Strictly Ballroom
:..:nderline the present perfect simple forms and ... ? It ........................................................
on TV several
circle the past simple verbs in the audioscript on times.
?a ge 180. Which ones have different past simple and
_ ast participle forms?
Speaking ./m y lite
!._ook at the pairs of sentences. Explain why the two
different verb forms are used. 13 Work in pairs. Ask questions with Have you
ever ... ?, Did you (ever) ... when ... ? and When was the
1 a Anya Paseka danced professionally for years . last time you ... ? Ask follow-up questions using
b Anya Paseka has danced professionally the past simple and where, what, who, why or when.
for years.
act in a play play an instrument
2 a The students went to New York for a week.
give a speech sing in front of an audience
b The students have gone to New York for
perform in public tell a joke
a week.
3 a The show was at the Theatre Royal A: Have you ever acted in a play?
all summer. B: Yes, I acted in Macbeth in my final year at school.
b The show has been at the Theatre Royal A: What part did you play?
all summer. B: Actually, I was Lady Macbeth.
RELEASES IQ@di•h)efiliMCi A SURVEY ON THE ARTS ARTS EVENTS 25

my life)
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
reading performance art • word focus kind • critical thinking balance • speaking a survey on the arts
2c Living statues
Reading Word focus kind
1 Look at the photo and write three sentences 8 Read the two examples from the article. Say if kind is an
to describe it. adjective or a noun.
2 Work in pairs. Compare your sentences and 1 ... you'll see a special kind of display ...
discuss what you think it feels like to be a 2 ... not everyone is so kind and generous ...
living statue.
9 Complete the sentences with these expressions.
3 Read the newspaper article. Underline the
a kind of really kind of
parts of the article that tell you:
How kind that kind of thing
1 what a living statue is kind and thoughtful
2 where you can see living statues
3 what similar art forms in history there 1 Flowers! .....................................................................................
!
have been 2 Grunge is ....... ................................................. rock music that starte
4 what it feels like to be a living statue in the 1980s in the USA.
3 I love going to exhibitions and . .
4 Work in pairs. Read the article again and 4 It's ... ..............................you to lend me the money.
discuss these questions. 5 My aunt always gives me the perfect present. She's
1 Who is the main audience for this kind such a . . . .................................................
person.
of performance?
2 What are the main differences between Critical thinking balance
living statues and tableaux vivants?
I
3 What makes a living statue successful? 10 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions.
5 Find these words in the article. Look at how the 1 What kind of reader is the article for?
words are used and try to guess their meaning. 2 Does the article change your opinion of living
Then replace the words in bold in the sentences statues? How?
(1--6) with these words. 3 Is there anything you want to know about living
statues that the article doesn't tell you?
illustrate (line 15) begging (line 31)
resident (line 28) costume (line 35) 11 According to the article, this type of street performance
pavement (line 30) react (line 47) is not popular with everyone. Discuss the questions.
1 Who feels negative about living statues? What three
1 An actor usually wears a set of special points does he make?
clothes on stage. 2 What does the performer from London say about
2 Don't walk in the road - get on the path. one of these points?
3 Sadly, we see a lot of people who 3 Do you think the author gives equal importance to
are asking people for money in the both views?
street nowadays.
4 The audience was shouting at him, but he
didn't say or do anything in response! Speaking
5 The pictures in the book show what the 12 Work in pairs. Prepare six questions for a survey on
story is about really well. prices and art events in your country or the country
6 We spoke to a person who lives in this where you are now. Use these ideas. Then ask and
area about the traffic problems. answer your questions in groups.
6 Work in pairs. Cover the article and tell your street entertainers I art exhibitions I museums I concerts
partner what you can remember about the
free of charge I tickets I entry price I donation
answers in Exercise 3.
too expensive I about right I not enough
7 Would you like to be a street entertainer?
Why? I Why not? What kind would you be? Do you ever give money to street entertainers?How much is
Tell the class. about right?
living statue busker magician 13 Share the results of your survey with the class. What was
pavement artist sand sculptor the majority opinion about paying for art?
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
..-.-lVIIlg The subject of the displays was often religious or from

mythology. In some places, they were part of royal
occasions. In the Catalan region of Spain, tableaux vivants 20
• has been a popular tradition since the early eighteenth

century. The performances are called Els Pastorets
(shepherds). They take place at Christmas and show the
'cind is an nativity scene. Nowadays, Catalonia is also famous for
Entertainment on the street its modern living statues. In fact, there ,are so many of 25
them on the streets of Barcelona that the city council has
decided to control the number and give out only thirty
: sightseeing in many cities today and among licences for fifteen locations. Local resident Joan Castells
fa mous buildings, street markets and other explained, 'You can't move past the crowds on the
::.c on s, sooner or later you'll see a special kind of pavement, and most of them are not really entertaining 30
: 1 - living statues. These street performers, who people, they're just begging.' Now, each licensed artist
,_sually dressed as famous characters from history or can perform either in the morning or in the afternoon.
::iop ular culture, have become a common sight in
So why do so many people want to be living statues?
-: areas of Paris, London, Barcelona and other cities.
Joan Castells says, 'It's an easy way of earning money. All
= :::erfor mance involves standing completely still for
you need is some makeup and a costume.' But according 35
at started ; ::ieri ods of time. The performers are like statues,
to one of the living statues in London's Covent Garden,
- - ey are human.
'Preparation takes ages - and so does gett ing clean at
'l d of performance has a long history and it has the end of the day. It's also extremely difficult to stay
non ey. =a in various forms since the sixteenth century. completely still for long periods. I can't even move
1t. Sh e's =·ench used the term tableaux vivants, my eyes or show that I'm breathing.' And although 40
-- rneans 'living pictures'. A group of it's 'understood' that if you take a photo or a selfie,
_c; stood in positions to illustrate you leave some money, not everyone is so kind and
::- e, but they didn't speak or generous. 'Nobody gets rich doing this,' said the
:: during the display. living statue I spoke to in London.
Perhaps they don't get rich, but every performer has 45
some tricks to encourage people to give them money.
lg Every time a tourist throws them a coin, they react
with a quick, small movement. Perhaps they wave, or
.ving turn their head or reach to touch the person. The statue
comes to life for just a moment, entertaining the crowd 50
and rewarding the payment. And maybe giving the tired
)rm anc e
and aching performer a chance to move into a new, more
tio n s.
comfortable position.
tat three
art form (n) /'a: t ban/ a creative, artistic activity
2bou t royal (adj) /'r:'.)1;il/ connected to a king or queen
still (adj) /st 11/ not moving
mce to
y on
mtry
ind
certs
' much is
hat was A living statue in Sao Paulo

lOMoARcPSD|5974606
real life choosing an event • vocabulary describing performances • pronunciation int onatio n wit h really, absolutely,
2d What's on?
IN CINEMAS NOW
Real life choosing an event Vocabulary describing

1 Work in pairs. Look at the adver ts. Which even t performances
would you most like to go to? Which would you not
4 Look at the sentences in Exercise 2. Write the
like to go to? Tell your partner .
adverbs used before these adjectives. Which
2 Cll'SIRead the comm ents. Then listen to two adjectives have stronger meanings?
peop le, Lesley and Richard, making plans to go 1 ...............................................
. : awfu l, brillian t, hilarious
out. Write the numb er of the adver t (1-3) next to ....................: interes ting,
2 .........................................../ .........................................../ ...
the commen ts. Which even t do Lesley and Richard good, funny
decide to go and see?
5 Which adverbs do you use with these gro ups
a It sounds really awfu l.
of adjectives?
b That sou n ds really interes ting.
c
d
Appare ntly, it's absolut ely brillia nt .
It looks p retty good.
rl1 fascinating marvellous spectacular
terrible terrific thrilling unforgettable
e Roger Whi tehead is absolutely hilario us.
f He's not very funny.
boring depress ing disappointing dull
3 Clllm Look at the exp ressio ns for ch oosing an event. entertaining
Listen aga in and tick the expressio ns Richard an d
Lesley use.
6 Pronunciation intonation with really,
CHOOSING AN EVENT
absolutely, etc.
Suggestions and responses a CID Listen to the sentences from Exercise 2
Do you feel like I fancy go ing out ton ight ? again . Notice how the speaker stresses both the
Do you want to go the theatre ? adverb and adjective in the affirmative statements.
Would you like to see a movie ?
Do you like the sound of that ? b Work in pairs. Practise these exchanges. Pay
Yeah, why not? atten tion to your intonation .
Yes, sure.
I like the sound of that .
1 A: Wha t was the film like?
I'm not keen on him . B: It was really awful.
I'm not in the mood for anything depressing . 2 A: Do you like flamenco?
It doesn't really appeal to me. B: Yes, I think it's pre tty in teres ting.
It sounds great . 3 A: Was it a good festival?
Details of the event B: Yes, it was absolut ely brillia nt.
What's on? 4 A: How was the show?
Who's in it? B: Oh, very entertaini ng!
What else is on?
Who's it by? 7 Work in pairs. Invite your partner to see the event
Where I When I What time is it on? that you wou ld most like to go to in Exercise 1.
What 's it about? Include words from Exercises 4 and 5. Use the
expressions for choosino- ::in PvP nt tn h o ln """
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
e A portrait of an artist
riting a review 5 Writing skill linking ideas (1)
\ Vho is your favourite performer or artist? a Look at the table. Which group of words can replace each
Tell your partner about this person and highlighted word in the review? Write the, words from the
why you like him/her. review in the table .
Read the review of Baz Luhrmann's work. in spite of even though in contrast, because of this,
What kind of information about while but for that reason,
Luhrmann is included? Choose the however, so
correct options (a- d). therefore
l·UDE a his influences
b his plans for the future
!iNOW c his private life b Choose the correct option to complete the senences.
d his work 1 Although I Despite his name is Mark, everyone calls him
Baz.
Read the review again . Underline the
2 Although I Despite working mainly in Australia, he has
info rmation which is factual and circle
had international success with his films.
the opinions. Then find two direct quotes
te the iro m Luhrmann. C Rewrite the sentences using the words in brackets. Make
Thich
any changes to verbs and punctuation as necessary.
\ Vhich sentence (a-d) best describes the
rev iew? Explain your choice(s). 1 They have had box office success despite being unusual
, hilarious
films. (even though)
teresting, a It summarizes several different
2 I enjoyed Romeo +Juliet in spite of not understanding all
opinions .
the dialogue. (but)
It only talks about negative things.
;roups 3 While I love epic films, I didn't enjoy this one.
c It only talks about positive things.
(Nevertheless)
d It's a personal point of view.
4 Although they praised Luhrmann's earlier films, the
liar critics did not like Australia. (In spite of)
gettable Baz Luhrmann is a film director 5 I've seen all of the films, but I haven't seen any of the
.vhose films include StrictlyBallroom, operas. (However)
!fomeo +Juliet, Moulin Rouge! and Australia. 6 His last film was absolutely brilliant. Because of this,
9 dull
have seen every one of his films and in my I'm looking forward to seeing the next one. (so)
opinion, Luhrmann's work just gets better
and better. He says that 'putting on a show'
6 Write a review of an artist whose work you know and
enjoy. First, look at the headings and make notes . You may
J//y, 1as always come naturally to him and that
need to do some research first. Then write about 150 words.
3ollywood is his biggest influence. Although
Use a variety of adjectives and linkers .
'l e is best-known as a film director, Luhrmann
ise 2 rias also directed opera. Consequently, his films
Basic biographical information
1th the are usually exciting, energetic and spectacular.
Facts (life, work)
itements. They have had box office success despite being
Opinions (mine, others)
unusual: in Romeo+ Julietthe actors speak in
. Pay verse, in Moulin Rouge! they sing their lines.
On the other hand, the epic Australiawasn't
7 Use these questions to check your review.
so popular with the critics. Nevertheless, as an • Have you used linkers correctly?
ordinary film fan, I thought it was • Have you expressed clearly why you like this
absolutely fantastic. Luhrmann artist's work?
says the high point of his
career has been 'achieving 8 Read some reviews your classmates have written. Use these
so many of the dreams I had questions to check your classmates' reviews.
as a kid - from going to the • What do you learn about the subject from reading
Oscars to getting a letter the review?
from Marlon Brando'.To • Do you agree with the opinions expressed in the review?
the event me, his films have the
"Cise 1. power of dreams. They
;e the take you into thrilling,
>you. unforgettable worlds.
NEW RELEASES PERFORMING A SURVEY ON THE ARTS ARTS EVENTS 29

my life .,._ f,l;IJ91fyl
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
2f Taiko master

lOMoARcPSD|5974606
ore you watch 5 I Cfll Work in pairs. Choose the correct option
to complete the sentences about taiko. Then watch
k at the photo and the caption. Discuss the the whole video again and check your answers.
tions.
1 Japanese warriors used drums to make their
"\'hat is the man doing? enemies attackI fear them.
_ How do you think he feels? 2 The essence of taiko is that it's not just people
·Vhat do you think the caption means? drumming. It's the unity of the audience I
drummers amongst themselves.
ey vocabulary 3 In San Francisco, the movement of the body I
the human voice has now been added to
·ad the sentences. Try to guess the missing words. traditional taiko drumming.
After the meeting, my ... ...................was full 4 Taiko drummers sometimes have to play
of ideas. through pain and tirednessI with energy and
- Text messages introduced a new ... enjoyment while practising and performing.
of writing. 5 Seiichi Tanaka is giving North America the
- 'Vh en you're driving, ........................................................
can be chance to enjoy I see the energy and excitement
,-ery dangerous. of traditional taiko drumming.
I like music that has a fast ...
::: Phil Collins was a popular .........................................................
and After you watch
inger in the 1980s and 1990s.
I'm not feeling well today. I don't have the 6 Vocabulary in context
............................to go to class.
a I ct>J Watch the clips from the video. Choose
ad the words in bold and their definitions. the correct meaning of the words and phrases.
e words are used in the video. Complete the
tences in Exercise 2a with the words. b Complete the sentences in your own words.
Then work in pairs and compare your sentences.
beat (n) a regular sound
drummer (n) a musician who plays the drums 1 I think I've ... a dozen or so times.
- energy (n) power and force 2 In this school, there are something like
• mind (n) your thoughts, feelings, memories, etc. ... students.
style (n) a way of doing something 3 I didn't speak English until .... At that point,
tiredness (n) the feeling of being tired I started to learn.
4 I felt better when ... went away.
5 Many people in ... [place] in ... [time] were just
ile you watch fresh off the boat.
1• ...,, Watch the first part of the video
7 Work in pairs. Discuss which art forms (including
.00-0.54). Are the sentences true (T) or false (F)? performances, music, etc.) are or have been
• Japanese warriors used drums 2,000 years ago. traditional in your country or countries. How have
_ The sounds of drums told people where a they changed in recent decades?
village boundary was.
3 The sound of drums in Japan has never boundary (n} / 'boundri/ the outside limit of an area or a place
gone away. essence (n} /'es-;ms/ the basic quality
Taiko drumming is now popular in hit (a point} (v} /hrt / reach, get to, arrive at
San Francisco. pioneer (n} /,pa1'm;:i/ somebody who is the first person to do
a new thing
61 Watch the second part of the video unity (n} /'ju:nrti/ a state of being whole and complete
0.55 to the end). Put the events (a-d) in the history warrior (n} /'w;;:ri;:i/ soldier, fighter
f taiko drumming into the correct order .
a About 800 groups started in the United States
and Canada.
b Japanese-American communities enjoyed
traditional taiko drumming.
c People lost interest in taiko drumming.
d Seiichi Tanaka arrived in the United States.
31

lOMoARcPSD|5974606

Grammar Vocabulary
1 Read part of a blog by a UK visitor to Japan. Find 5 Work in pairs. Which two people are usually
ten places in the blog where words are missing. involved in these performances? Then choose four
Complete the blog with these words. types of performer and tell your partner about
people you have heard about.
didn't for for has just since since
was went yet
1 FILM: actor, director, magician
2 CONCERT: clown, conductor, musician
3 BALLET: choreographer, comedian, dancer
4 MUSICAL: audience, singer, orchestra
6 WM:I Work in groups. In two minutes, write the

names of as many 'hit' art events (films, books,
albums, exhibitions, etc.) as you can . Then discus s
the ones you have all heard of. Each person
must use all of these words. You can't use more
than two words about one event. Continue until
everyone has used all the words at least once.
boring depressing di sappointing dull

entertaining fascinating marvellous
I've lived in Japan three months now and spectacular terrible terrific thrilling
I'm really enjoying it. I know any Japanese unforgettable
before I came, but I've learned a bit I got
here, including the word matsuri, which
means 'festival '. One of my favourite 7 t>iM:I Work in pairs. Describe what kind of
pastimes is going to matsuri. I've got music makes you do the following.
home from the Nango summer jazz
festival - it was great to sit around in the cry feel happy feel sad laugh smile
sunshine listening to brill iant music! Last
week we to Tenjin matsuri here in
ICAN
Osaka. It been part of Osaka summer
events about a thousand years and some talk about performers and performances
performances have hardly changed describe different types of mus ic
then - the traditional kagura music,
give my opinion about art events
for example, which I loved. There also
an amazing puppet theatre. Tomorrow
there 's a big procession of boats on the Real life
river. I haven't been on the river, so I'm 10
really looking forward to that. 8 Work in pairs. Choose the correct option in the
questions.
2 Answer the questions about the blog in Exercise 1. 1 A: Do you fancy to go I going out tonight?
1 When did the writer learn Japanese? 2 A: Would you like to see I seeing a movie?
2 What time of year was it when the writer wrote 3 A: Do you I Would you like the sound of that?
the blog? 4 B: Who's in I on it?
3 What did the writer see at the Tenjin festival? 5 B: Who's it by I for?
4 How many times has the writer been on a boat 6 B: What's it about I of?
on the river in Osaka? 9 Take the roles of A and B in Exercise 8 and act out
3 f>iM:I Work in pairs. Underline the present the conversation, giving answers to the questions
perfect simple verbs and circle the past simple and adding more information.
verbs in the blog in Exercise 1 and explain why ICAN
each is used.
ask for and g ive information about arts events
4 Work in pairs. Tell your partner about a festival
you have been to.
ICAN
talk about things that have happened in a time period
up to or including the present (present perfect simple)
use the correct tense w hen talking about things that
have happened in the past
Descargado (presentChristian
por Ismael perfect Achahui
simple Vilca (draking_live_96@hotmail.com)
;:rnrl
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
lally
r10ose four
about
.an
lancer
a
, write the
books,
m discuss
;on
,emore
ue until
once.
dull
lg
ld of
nile
EATURES 1 Work in pairs. Look at the photo and the caption. Answer
the questions.
34 The story behind 1 What do you think the people are thinking?
the photo 2 Have you ever tried this activity? If not , would you like to?
in the When things go wrong in 3 How many words can you think of to describe
the water this experience?
;ht?
36 Return to Titanic
2 CllEJListen to the introduction to a radio programme. Look at
rie? the two groups of words. Tick the activities and places you hear.
of that? The truth about a famous
underwater discovery Activities
diving jet-skiing kayaking rafting rowing
38 Love and death in snorkelling water-skiing windsurfing
d act out the sea

Places
uestions An article by marine
lake ocean pool river sea stream waterfall
ecologist Enric Sala
42 Four women and a 3 Work in pairs. Where do you think the best place to do the
activities in Exercise 2 is?
wild river
A video about a trip down a 4 Can you think of other sports and leisure activities connected
dangerous river with water? Do you do any of these activities? Where do you
do them? Tell your partner.
I go swimming in a lake near here but only in the summer.
THE FIRST TIME WHAT HAD HAPPENED LEARNING A LESSON IT HAPPENED TO ME 33

my life A BLOG POST

lOMoARcPSD|5974606
listening what happened next? • pronunciation d and t after -ed endings • vocabulary describing experiences •
r wordbuilding adverbs with -ly • grammar past simple and past continuous • speaking the first time
3a The story behind the photo
Listening 4 Pronunciation d and t after -ed endings
1 Look at the photos (A- C). Ma tch the captions (1- 3) a CIJI Listen to this sentence from the secon d
with the photos. story. Notice h ow the speaker links the -ed verb
ending to the t at the start of the next wor d. Do
1 diving in an underground lake in Mexico you hear one sound or two?
2 snorkelling with a whale shark in the
Indian Ocean I actually learned to dive while I was on holiday
3 whi te-wa ter rafting on the Zambezi River in Mexico.
2 to the people in two of the photos b ClfD Listen and repea t the sen tences you hear.
talking about their photo. Are the sentences true (T)
or false (F)? Vocabulary describing
1 The girl was rafting for th e first time .
.
expenences
2 The raft was approaching some rapids.
3 She saw a hippo near the river bank. ..... WORDBUILDING adverbs with -ly
4 The boy learne d to dive because he was bored . Some adverbs are formed by adding -ly to adjectives .
5 He went diving in a dangerous cenote . Sometimes there is a spelling change .
6 He wasn't concent ra ting on wha t he was doing . add -ly: loud-+ loudly
drop -e, add -ly: gentle -+ gently
3 CllE!JWhat do you think happened next? Choose drop -y, add -ily: lucky-+ luckily
one of the op tions (a--c). Then listen to the whole
story and check your ideas. For further practice, see Workbook page 27.
1 a The hippo came after them and attacked

the raf t. 5 Look at the word building box. Underline the
b A crocodile jumped into the river close to adverb in these sen tences. What is the adjective
the raft. from which the adverb is formed?
c The raft sank and they all swam to the 1 The hippo su ddenly saw us.
river bank. 2 We reached the river bank safely.
2 a His air ran out and he had to go to the surface. 3 I found the way ou t of the cave easily.
b His mother saw a sea snake just behind him. 4 The crocodile jumped noisily into the water.
c He almos t got lost in the underground 5 Fortunately, nobody was hur t in the accident.
tunnels . 6 I go t into the pool very carefu lly.
7 I cut my feet badly on the rocks .
8 I got on the sur fboar d and immedia tely fell off.
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
9 Choose the correct option to complete the rules.

to 1 We often ask questions in the past simpleI past
continuousabout activities at the time of the
key event.
2 We often ask questions in the past simpleI past
continuous about actions after the key event.
10 Complete the text about photo A·with the past
simple and past continuous forms of the verbs.
While 11 ........................................................
(work) in the Maldives, I
........ (hear) that there were whale sharks
in the area. That's why I 3 ....... . .............. (begin)
snorkelling -whale sharks are the world's biggest
fish and they aren't dangerous! 1 4
(buy) a snorkel and 5 .................................................... (set out) with
some friends on a boat. Almost immediately, a
whale shark 6 (swim) past the boat. It
... (move) really quickly, but we
........ (manage) to catch up with it. We all
......... (get) into the water and
10
(spend) about two minutes with
......................................................
the shark. Afterwards, I 11 .............................. ...................... (feel)
absolutely wonderful!
:fings rk in pairs . Think of at least two activities you
. do in the manner of each adverb .
cond 11 Write sentences with the past simple and past
verb ::"lgr ily calmly bravely happily politely
continuous forms of the verbs . Use because, when,
rd. Do secretly
while and so.
1 I I take I a photo I I I drop I my camera.
iay 2 They I not hear I you I they I not listen.
.ammar past simple and past 3 I I have I problems I my teacher I help me.
ntinuous 4 We I see I bears I we I hike.
u hear. 5 He I not look I at the road I he almost I have I
PAST SIMPLE and PAST CONTINUOUS an accident.
6 I I fall over I I I run I for the bus.
simple
into the water about a metre away from 12 Work in pairs. Ask and answer questions about the
'D Oat.
other sentences with both the past simple and the
mom realized pretty quickly that I was missing and
-= came after me.
past continuous forms of the verbs.
:tives. continuous 1 I lost my wallet.
= were going around a small island. When did you realize?
--e sun was shining in through an opening in the roof. Were you shoppingat the time?
=:'fu rther information and practice, see page 160.
2 I met an old friend in the street.
3 A car ran into me.
4 A friend of mine got some good news.
:..oak at the grammar box. Which verb form do we 5 My neighbour saw a robbery.
e to talk about these things?
jective an unfinished and continuing activity or speaking my life
background situation
_ a short completed action or a sequence of action s 13 Work in pairs.
Underline the key event in these questions (1-2) Student A: Think about an interesting thing that
about the rafting story in Exercise 1. Then match happened the first time you tried something new.
water. the questions with the answers (a-b). Answer your partner's questions.
2cident.
1 What were they doing when they saw the hippo? Student B: Ask ten questions and decide if your
2 What did the y do when the y saw the hippo? partner had a good or bad experience.
y fell off. a They tried to get awa y. What were you trying to do?
b They were coming dow n the river. Did you have any special equipment?
my life
..- ••Uiihfiiih'Jll WHAT HAD HAPPENED LEARNING A LESSON IT HAPPENED TO ME 35
A BLOG POST
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
reading unde rwater discoveries • grammar past perfect simple • speaking what had happened
3b Return to Titanic
Reading 2 Read the interview again. Answer the questions.
1 What was the secret mission that Ballard was
1 ClllfllRead the interview with the man who
involved with?
discovered the wreck of Titanic. Match three of
2 How did Ballard and his team feel w h en they
the questions (a-e) with the paragraphs (1- 3).
found Titanic?
Then listen and check your answers.
3 How did Ballard feel when he returned to the
a Did you know you were looking at Titanic wreck in 2004? Why?
when you saw the first pieces of debris?
b How did you discover Titanic? 3 Wor k in pairs. Do you think the remains of Titani c
c How long did it take to loca te Titanic? should be left on the seabed? Or shoul d they be
d Tell me about the experience of seeing Titanic removed and put in a museum? Tell your partner .
again in 2004.
e When did you find out about how Titanic sank?
On 15 April 1912, the largest passengersteamshipever built hit an iceberg and sank in the North Atlantic Ocean.
Titanic had left Southampton, England, five days earlier and was on her first voyage.
In 1985, the explorer Dr Robert Ballard found the wreck of Titanic. He went back to Titanic nineteen years later
to see how it had changed.
It was during the Cold War. I was on a secret EJ I saw champagnebottles with the corks still in. The box holding the
mission when we found Titanic.The US Navy bottles had disappeared long ago. Suddenly, I noticed a woman's shoe.
had agreed to pay for our new underwater Nearby, I saw a pair of smallershoes - perhapsthey'd belonged to a child.
video technology. In return, we had agreed to I felt that the people who had died here in 1912 were speaking to me
use the technology to look for two submarines again. But I knew that other people had been there since my first visit.
which had disappearedin the 1960s. Hollywoodfilmmaker James Cameron had been there. A New York couple
had even got married. I was disappointed. It was exactlywhat I didn't
Not at first, because many ships had sunk in
want to happen. I'd asked people to treat Titanic's remains with respect.
that area. When we realized it was Titanic,
The story of Titanic is not about the ship, it's about the people.
we jumped for joy. Then we realized we
were celebrating something where people See the whole story on the NationalGeographicChannel.
had died. Titanic:The Final Secret

lOMoARcPSD|5974606
ammar past perfect simple 8 Comp lete the text with the pas t simp le and past
perfect simple forms of the verbs.
teach group of eve n ts (a- c) in the ord er they
.:.ually took place . Wh ich of th e ver bs in the
ues tions. tences are in the pas t perfect sim p le in the
Uard was -erview? Why?
a Ballard fou n d Titanic.
rhen th ey The US Navy agreed to pay for new vi d eo
techno logy.
1ed to the c Ballard agreed to loo k for two subm arines .
a Ballard jump ed for joy.
s of Titanic Many peop le die d .
I they b e c Ballard realized the wrec k was Titanic.
ur par tner. a James Cameron went to th e wreck.
::i Ballard no ticed a shoe .
;: The b ox for champagne b ottles disappeared.
PERFECT SIMPLE
Captain Henry Morgan 1 (be) one of
,_ := .•,ent back to Titanic nineteen years later to see how the most famous pirates of the seventeenth century.
-.ad changed .
In 2010, archaeologists 2 ........................................... (begin) to lift
- · some shoes that had belonged to a child.
cannons from a ship they 3 (discover)
_-;:her information and practice, see page 160. two years earlier, near the coast of Panama. The
archaeologists 4 .... . ............ (feel) confident that
the grammar b ox. Un derl ine w h at the ship was Morgan's main ship, Satisfaction . This ship
__ ened firs t. Th en choose the correc t option to and several others 5 ................. (sink) in 1671 when
they 6 (hit) rocks. Three years later, after

lete the sentence.
Morgan 7 _ .... (become) extremely rich from
e the pas t perfect sim ple to show tha t an pirate attacks, he 8 ............... (ret ire) from pirate
.. t took place before I after ano ther even t in activities to become the governor of Jamaica.
as t.
the
's shoe. se the correct option to comple te
to a child. sen tences . Speaking my life
to me "','hen Titanic h it the iceberg, it was I had been at
st visit. 9 Work in two pairs within a group of four . Read
sea for four days. these puzz les. Th en follow the instructions .
'orkcouple
,'hen Titanic hit the iceberg, it sank I had sunk.
didn't
By the time they sounded the ship's alarm, it Pair A: Turn to page 153 and follow the ins tructions .
respect.
I had been too late.
By the tim e a rescue boa t came, many peop le Pair B: Turn to page 154 and follow the instructions.
lied I had died.
::. \ Vhen Ballard used video technology, he found I fl A sh ip came across a yacht in the middle of t he
ocean. There were no other ships or boats in
111d found the wreck.
the area. The bodies of several people were
By the time Ballar d returne d to the site, several
floating in the water nearby.
pe ople visited I had visited it.
_ se the pas t p erfec t simp le to answer the

:.iestions with your own id eas . Th en work in pairs
l!I A man was on holiday on his yacht . He fe ll
over t he edge of the yacht into deep water.
d compare your answers.
He couldn't swim and he wasn't wearing any
Why did Titanic collid e with an iceberg? gear to help him float. The yacht carried on
- Why d id so many peo ple die w h en the until his friends realized he had disappeared.
ship san k? They found him several hours late r. Why hadn 't
- Why was Balla rd u pse t in 2004? he drowned?
Why d o yo u think a cou ple got m arrie d at the
wreck site? 10 Work in pairs. Complete this sen tence in as many
- Why d o yo u think Jam es Cam ero n visited ways as you can . Use the pas t perfect simple. Take
the wreck? turns to b egin ano ther sen tence with By the time.
By the time this lesson started , ...
THE FIRST TIME WHAT HAD HAPPENED LEARNING A LESSON IT HAPPENED TO ME 37

my life 1 A BLOG POST
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
reading an unforgettable experience • critical thinking drawing conclusions • word focus get •
speaking learning a lesson
3c Love and death in the sea

Reading Critical thinking drawing
1 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions . conclusions
1 Where 's the best place to go swimming? S We can sometimes draw conclusions from a piece
A pool, a lake, the sea, ... ? of writing even if the author does not state these
2 What kind of problems can swimmers have in things specifically. Read the sentences and say
each place? which three things are conclusions and which one
is stated in the text.
2 Enric Sala is a marine ecologist. Read the article he
wrote for World Ocean Day. Answer the questions. 1 The Costa Brava is a dangerous place
for swimmers .
1 What happened to Enric Sala? 2 Enric Sala has recovered from the
2 Why did this happen to him? experience now .
3 How has the experience changed him? 3 He was lucky to be alive after the experience .
3 Find the expressions in the article. What do they 4 The experience has made him wiser .
mean? Choose the correct option. 6 Work in pairs. Do you agree with the conclusions
1 a couple of times in Exercise 5? Give reasons for your answers.
on several I two occasions
2 my heart races
I feel afraid I angry
Word focus get
3 I decided to call it a day 7 Look at the verbs in bold in these sentences. Find
I decided to stop I try again tomorrow expressions with get in the article which have the
I 4 I was having a hard time

it was difficultfor me I it took a long time
5 I decided to let myself go
I decided to stop swimming I try again
same meanings as the verbs. Then rewrite the
sentences with get.
1
2
I entered the pool.
The weather didn't improve.
6 I have learned my lesson 3 I couldn 't reach the shore .
my bad I good experience taught me something 4 I wasn't moving towards the land.
4 Discuss the questions with your partner . 5 We receive so much from nature .
6 We put the bird in a cage, but it escaped .
1 Sala talks about three decisions he took.
What were the decisions and what were the 8 Write six more sentences with the expressions
consequences of each one? with get from the article . Write about your
2 Sala describes how he feels about the sea. own experiences.
Do you think what he says is unusual? Why? I
Why not? Speaking my life
3 Do you think the title of the article is a good
one? Why? I Why not? 9 Think about an experience you had where you
'learned a lesson' . Use these ideas to think about
the details.
what was the lesson you learned

the place/situation
any other people involved
what happened
why/how it happened
how the experience changed your behaviour
afterwards
10 Work in small groups. Tell each other about

your exper iences . Has anyone else had a
similar experience?
A: I almost lzad an accident once when I was driving
and I was really too tired.
B: Where <cere you [?Oing?
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
!:%'death in the sea

n a piece :: sea has almost killed me a couple of times. It
te these ·r her fault; it was mine, for not respecting her.
d say remember the last time, a stormy day off the
rhich one ca Brava of Spain, in early summer 2008. Every
:: I think about it, my heart races.
:: place where I used to swim every day was hit
torm with strong eastern winds. The clear blue
-::rs of summer quickly changed into a dirty soup
The sea is our mother, sister and home, and as such I
d and cold grey water. Waves were breaking in all
love her. We get so much from the sea. She gives us life,
erience. -::.:rions. But beyond the surf zone, the sea seemed
oxygen and food. Without the ocean and all the life in 30
mmable. In a moment of Catalan bravado, I put
it, our planet would be much poorer. We should thank
swimming suit, mask and fins, and got into the
the sea, the ocean, every day. But on this day, I was
iclusions -::r. It was crazy, but I did it . I swallowed sand and
having a hard time feeling grateful.
rers. ·· ·hile I was trying to swim through the surf zone.
_.. ring against the water, I swam - I still don't know After a few more attempts, I decided to let myself go
- for twenty minutes. The storm got worse and I and give up the fight. I took a deep breath. The next 45
.de d to call it a day. I turned to swim back. Then I wave took me down and forward. I hit the bottom
:es . Find ..ue d I couldn't get to the beach. with my back. I rolled over, hit my head, and after
:rnve the what seemed the longest minute of my life, I found
·es were breaking all around me. I tried to bodysurf
ethe myself lying in a foot of water. I crawled out of the
:: wave to the shore, but it took me down under the
water and onto the beach. I'd got out, but I'd lost my 50
When I came up, I turned around and a second
mask, snorkel and one fin. My whole body was sore. I
-e hit me just as hard, taking me down again . I hit
sat on the beach watching the sea and feeling lucky to
5andy bottom. I pushed myself up, but once again,
be alive. I walked back home slowly, like a beaten dog.
were coming and I couldn't rest or breathe. I
aught in the surf zone, with waves pushing me Some days the sea wants us and some days she doesn't.
- .:.md a current pulling me in. I wasn't getting any Since that day, I have not been to the sea when she 55
ed. er to the beach . does not want me. I have learned my lesson. I now
thank the sea every day the surface is calm, the waters
3ions are clear and diving is easy.
I
bravado (n) /brn'va:d;:iu/ false bravery

crawl (v) /kr:i:l/ to move slowly on your hands and knees
current (n) /'kAr;:int/ a strong movement of water in the sea
or a river
·eyou
k about
Dur
mt
driving
39

lOMoARcPSD|5974606
real life telling stories • pronunciation was and were
3d Noway!
Real life telling stories 4 ClfD Look at the expressions for telling stories.
Listen to the stories again. Tick the expressions th
1 Work in groups. Which of these statements (a-d) speakers use.
are true for you? Tell your group.
a When I'm in a group, I listen more than I talk. .... TELLING STORIES
b I'm always telling funny stories about things Beginning a story
that happen to me. Did I ever tell you about .. . ?
c I'm no good at telling stories, but I'm a I remember once ...
good listener. A couple of years ago, .. .
d People say I exaggerate, but they always laugh You'll never believe what happened once ...
at my stories. Saying when things happened
after we saw ...
2 Look at the photo. Which group of words (A or B) after a few days
do you think are from the story of the photo? Then a couple of weeks later
work in pairs. Compare your ideas and explain one day
your reasons. all of a sudden
suddenly
looking after it learned to fly immediately
food and water jump in the air then
empty cage above the kitchen sink the next thing was
searched a lid on a tank while I was ...
everywhere there was some water during the night
having a bath in it
5 Only one of the stories is true. Which one do you
think it is?
3 ClfD Listen to two stories. Which story matches the
photo? What would a photo of the other story show?
6 Pronunciation was and were
a ClllfiilListen to the sentences from the stories in
Exercise 3. Notice the sound fa/ in was and were.
b ClllfiilListen again and repeat the sentences. Pay

attention to how you say was and were.
7 Work in pairs. Choose one of the stories from

Exercise 3. Take a role each. Look at the audioscrip
on page 182 and prepare your role. Then close
your books and practise the conversation. Chang e
roles and repeat with the other story.
8 Work in pairs.
Student A: Tell your partner about three surprisin-
or embarrassing things that happened to you or t
someone you know. One of the things should be
untrue. Use the expressions for telling stories to
help you.
Student B: Try to guess which of your partner's
stories is untrue.
A: Did I ever tell you about the time I found some
monei; ?
B: No, you didn't.

lOMoARcPSD|5974606
What a weekend!
g stories . ·ng a blog post
·essions the
·ou read or write any blogs? What kind of The calm after the storm
-gs do people write about in personal blogs? It was pouring with rain all weekend,
· in professional blogs?
so we spent almost the whole time
the post and answer the questions. indoors trying to entertain the kids .
Then, unexpectedly, the sun came out
'ha t is the topic of this post? late on Sunday afternoon. We grabbed
'ha t do you think beach gear refers to? our beach gear, jumped into the car
n o do you think Ellie, Louis and Oscar are? and headed down to the bay. When we
got there, we realized that everyone
main events of the story (a-g) in the
had had the same idea! The beach was
packed . But everyone was staring out
Ellie, Louis and Oscar ran to the sea. to sea and picking stuff up off the sand.
-:be sun started to shine. Ellie, Louis and Oscar rushed down to
was a storm. the water's edge, full of excitement. It
A ship lost a cargo of trainers. turned out that a ship had lost its cargo
They got into the car. in Saturday's storm. Five containers of
They picked up things to take to the beach. Nike trainers had washed up on the
_ They went to the beach. beach! Everyone was clutching odd
shoes, looking for the other one to
riting skill interesting language make a pair! What a strange end to
the weekend!
e do you mpare the post with the sentences in Exercise 3.
ruch verbs does James use instead of the verbs in Written by James 28Feb23.17
Why? See older posts
:::::ircle the verbs and adjectives that James uses
ories in -"te ad of these words.
id were.
•aining full of people looking arrived
ices. Pay ai ding
from ea d the sentences. Replace the words in bold

udioscri p- i th these words .
close
t. Change ell down got ran really tired walked
• The kids raced along the street.

_ I felt exhausted after my walk.
3 The weather was boiling hot.
3Urprising We crawled up the river bank with difficulty.
you or to 5 I wandered along the beach, enjoying the
ould be silence.
>ries to 6 At the end of the game, we collapsed on
the sand.
rtner's 5 Think about a recent weekend or one where 7 Use these questions to check your post.
something unusual happened. Make notes of the • Have you used different past verb forms
some main events in your weekend . Then add notes correctly?
with background information. • Have you used interesting vocabulary to tell
the story?
6 Write a first draft of a blog post or other social
media post about your weekend. Then look at the 8 Work in pairs. Exchange posts. Can you suggest
vocabulary you have used . Try to use interesting two more verbs or adjectives that your partner
language in your post. could use?
.{my life) ..-

FIRST TIME WHAT HAD HAPPENED LEARNING A LESSON IT HAPPENED TO ME 41

lOMoARcPSD|5974606
3f Four women and a

wild river

lOMoARcPSD|5974606
ore you watch 5 I till Watch the second part of the video (0.46
to the end) again. Answer the questions.
rk in pairs. Look at the photo and the caption.
1 Amber Valenti describes moments of the trip as
en read the information. Would you like to do
'joyful and light' and 'intense'. What scenes in
_s kin d of trip? Why? I Why not?
the video show this?
:!lber Valenti was the leader of a kayak trip down 2 What kind of things do you see when they
Amur River in Mongolia, Russia and China. reach the mouth of the river?
e river is one of few major rivers that flow from 3 Why does Amber Valenti want people to fall in
-c ir start to the sea without dams or reservoirs . love with the 'human aspect' of the river?
River begins in Mongolia and part of its
kilometres marks the border between Russia 6 After watching the video, do you feel differently
- China. The trip took two months to complete. about your answer to Exercise 1?
ey vocabulary After you watch

a d the sentences. The words in bold are used in 7 Vocabulary in context
\-ideo . Guess the meaning of the words.
The concept of the new TV show is to explain
a I Clfj Watch the clips from the video. Choose
how everyday objects work.
'e've found a sponsor to give us most of the b Complete the sentences in your own words. Then
money we need for our expedition. work in pairs and compare your sentences.
- The most memorable holiday I've ever had
wa s in China. 1 I think ... is awesome.
- I'm passionate about my hobby playing drums 2 In my experience, ... is really fun.
in a band. 3 I can't .. . all on my own .
= Conservation is a big part of the work of the 4 People today are hungry for ....
World Wildlife Fund. 5 I think that ... take themselves very seriously.
The most enjoyable aspect of my job is meeting 8 The trip described in the video was filmed for a
new people. documentary called Nobody's River. From what you
:atch the words in bold in Exercise 2a with have learned, why do you think the film -makers
e definitions. chose that title?
- difficult to forget 9 Imagine you are going to be away from home for
having strong feelings about something two months. What would you take with you from
- idea home? What essential things would you take in
- one part of a problem or situation each of these situations? Discuss your answers
-:: someone who supports people's activities with with the class.
money, equipment, etc. 1 You're going on an expedition to a place similar
the protection of natural places, plants to the video.
and animals 2 You're going on a long holiday with your
family or friends.
ile you watch 3 You're a professional sportsperson and you're
going on a world trip.
, ....,,.. Watch the whole video. Which of these
·ords do you think describe the experience the free-flowing (adj) /,fri:'fl<iu11J/ when a river or water
·omen had? Give reasons for your answers. moves naturally
intense (adj) /m'tens / extremely strong or powerful
dangerous enjoyable frightening relaxing joyful (adj) / 'd3:J1fal/very happy and cheerful
perspective (n} /p;i'spekt1v / a point of view
• ,.. ,.. Watch the first part of the video showcase (v) /'Jwke1s/ to explain or show something in a
positive way
::J.00-0.45) again. Complete the sentences with the
_"lformation you hear.
Amber Valenti wanted to explore the Amur
River and also to .. . .
_ The people she wanted to invite on the trip
were .. . .
3 Having an all-woman trip was an advantage
with ... .
43

lOMoARcPSD|5974606

Grammar 5 f)jl'Aj:I Work in pairs . What are these places? Can
you think of two more places with water? How
1 Change the verbs in this story to the past continuous many examples of each place can you name?
or past perfect simple where appropriate .
6 f>iM:IWork on your own. Choose the two

activities you think best match each category (1-4
Then work in pairs . Explain your reasons.
diving jet-skiing kayaking rafting rowing

snorkelling water-skiing windsurfing
'I 1 learned to surf a few years ago when I 2 was in my teens.
My dad 3 paid for a course , as a present , because I 4 just passed 1 people find this relaxing
some important exams. It 5 was a sunn y weekend in June. 2 people do this to get a thrill
Anyway, the whole first day 6 went by and I 7 didn't manage 3 it's best to do this with other people
one successful ride. All my friends 8 watched and of cours e 4 people do this at weekends
I 9 wanted to impress them. I eventually 10 paddled out for my
last attempt of the day when the sun 11 set over the bay. I ICAN
12
scrambled onto the board and for the first time I 13 didn'tfall use adverbs to describe experiences
off straightaway. I 14 just got up on my feet on the board when talk about water sports activities
someone almost 15 crashed right into me! But I 16 stayed on!'
2 Answer the questions about the story in Exercise 1. Real life

1 What was the speaker's reason for learning to 7 Work in groups. Tell a story starting with this
surf? sentence. Take turns to add a sentence to the stor y
2 Why was the speaker so happy when he / she using one of these expressions.
didn't fall off the board? 'Did I ever tell you about the time my cat ate my
3 f>iM:I Try to remember the main events from the homework?'
story in Exercise 1. Make notes using single words. a couple of ... later one day
Then work in pairs. Exchange your notes with your after a few .. . suddenly
partner . Retell the story using your partner's notes. all of a sudden the next thing was
during the ... then
immediately while I was ...
talk about a sequence of events in the past
(past simple, past perfect)
describe the background to past events
8 mM:I Use one of these first sentences and tell
(past continuous) another story.
'I remember once, I was waiting at the bus stop .'
Vocabulary 'A couple of years ago, I went for a job interview. '
4 Match the adverbs (1-6) with the phrases (a-f) . 'You'll never believe what happened once when I
Then write six sentences . was doing an exam.'
1 badly a check exam answers ICAN

2 calmly b drive a car tell a story
3 carefully c sit in a dentist 's chair say when things happened in a sequence of events
4 politely d have a brilliant idea
5 secretly e talk to a stranger
Descargado por Ismael
6 suddenly Christian Achahui
f organize a partyVilca (draking_live_96@hotmail.com)
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
r-.c
•laces? Can
·r? How
rune?
lS.
rowing
'··--..1.·-
nplay in of iln old jeepney, the popular

ublic transport vehicle in the Philrppines.
- EATURES 1 Work in pairs . Look at the photo and the caption. What kind of
game do you think the children are playing?
1 this
, the story, 6 Will a robot take
2 Did you want to do any of these jobs when you were a child?
your job?
The future of work ballerina film star firefighter footballer pilot
t ate my
police officer rock star scientist train driver vet
8 What's next?
We hear from people facing 3 Look at the words that can describe jobs. Are they positive or
life-changing decisions negative? Which words can describe the jobs in Exercise 2?
was
badly paid boring challenging dangerous dirty
SO A better life?
enjoyable exciting responsible stressful well-paid
One reporter's view of the
economic boom in China 4 ClllfDListen to three people talking about their childhood
md tell
ambitions. Answer the questions for each person.
54 Everest tourism
is stop.' changed Sherpa lives 1 Which job did they want to do when they were young?
2 Which job do they do now or do they plan to do?
1terview.' A video about the people 3 How do they describe the jobs?
e whenl who live near Everest
5 Work in pairs. Ask and answer the questions in Exercise 4
about your own ambitions .
PREDICTIONS PLANNING YOUR WORK THE PERFECT JOB REQUESTS 45

my life A COVERING LETTER
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
word focus job and work • reading the future of work • grammar predictions • speaking predictions
4a Will a robot take your job?

Word focus job and work Reading
1 Look at the sentences . How do we use job and work? 4 Work in pairs. Look at the jobs. Is your job, or a j
you'd like to do, here? Do you think a robot coul d
1 A lot of jobs are quite boring, but my job has
do these jobs? Why? I Why not?
lots of variety.
2 I've worked as a firefighter for ten years - it e lect rician engine e r nu rse office work er
can be hard work. taxi driver te ach e r t elephon e salesperson
2 Complete the sentences with the correct form of
job or work. 5 Read the article and check your ideas from
Exercise 4.
1 Where do you ?
2 Do you have an interesting ..........................................? 6 Read the article again and say:
3 Do you usually take ..........................................home in
1 which jobs are already done by robots
the evenings?
2 what the Oxford University study looked at·
4 Is your company good to for?
3 two types of work that are described
5 'Where's your boss?' 'She's off today.'
6 My sister ...........................................in the same company as me. 7 Work in pairs. Find predictions for the future in
7 I'll be late home tonight. There are a few the article about these things. Do the predictions
...........................................to finish here. surprise you? Why? I Why not?
8 'Is your brother around?' 'No, he's at .........................................
.
1 factory work
3 Work in pairs. Take turns to ask and answer 2 changes to UK employment
questions 1--4 from Exercise 2. 3 engineers
4 taxi drivers
How likely is it that you'll lose your job to a robot?

According to Toby Walsh, a professor in Artificial
Intelligence, it's hard to think of a job that a comp
won't be able to do. It's true that there are already
some factories where all the work is done by robo
and there will certainly be more in the future . But
what about teachers , engineers and elect ricians?
A team at Oxford University stud ied 350 different
professions and suggested that 35 per cent of UK
jobs might go to robots in the next twenty years.
In particular, work that is repetitive or involves
handling small objects will be at risk of automat io
On the other hand, jobs that involve helping othe r
people or having original ideas will probab ly alwa
need people . So journalists, nurses, engineers and
teachers won't be at risk, but office workers and
telephone salespeople may not be so lucky. The
Oxford study gives the probability for each of the 3
jobs. Electricians (65 per cent) are more at risk tha n
taxi drivers (57 per cent). One global taxi compan y
says driverless taxis will be on every street corne r
eventually. However, a spokesperson for London t
d rivers isn't convinced. 'It won't happen. Driverless
cars will never be able to work on roads at the same
automation (n) l::>:to'me1J;}n/the use of machines to do tasks
time as normal vehicles:
automatically, usually w ithout peop le
repetitive (adj) /n'pet;}t1v / repeating t he same th ing in the You can find out what the future of your profession
same way many times will be by clicking here.
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
rammar predictions 11 Cross out the option which is not logical, as in the
?• example, to complete the sentences .
PREDICTIONS WITH WILL, MAY and MIGHT
1 Hyundai is building a new factory. They may I
will will I we+tf need more workers.
won't 2 Ravi isn't very good at his job. He might I
will certainly/definitely mightn't I won't get a promotion.
job, or a jol: certainly/definitely won't do these jobs.
3 I'm bored with my job. I think I may I mightn't I
obot could may (not), might (not)
will probably
will look for a new one. ·
probably won't
4 The office changes are not important. They
mightn't I will I won't affect our work.
worker "-y further information and practice, see page 162. 5 I've just bought a car, so I might I will I won't
Derson need to learn to drive soon!
Look at the grammar box. Underline the future 6 Don't worry about your exam! You may I
'Om
'arms (verb + infinitive) in the article. might I won't do better than you expect.
.. :_-0ok at the sentences you have underlined in the 12 Write predictions as in the example. Use a form
- arti cle. Which two predictions does the writer think from the grammar box. Then compare your
its are much less certain than the others? predictions with your partner. Do you agree?
1oked at 1 My English exam results I good
l Ch oose the appropriate option to complete the text
about household robots. (probably I definitely)
My English exam results will probably be good
'uture in
because I've worked hard.
edictions
2 Finding a good job I not easy
(certainly I probably)
3 People's salaries I go down
(definitely I might)
4 Unemployment I get better
(definitely I probably)
5 Environmental problems I get worse
(definitely I may)
6 The amount of free time we have I go up
robot? (certainly I might)
rtificial
ta comput Speaking ...(myfile)
e already
e by robots 13 Work in groups. How likely are you to do the
ture. But following in the next two years? Give reasons.
Use future forms from the grammar box in your
different conversations. Add ideas of your own.
:ent of UK 1 buy a motorbike
I
ty years. 2 do a degree
elves 3 get a cat
1utomation. 4 get married
ing other 5 look for a job
ably always 6 make new friends
neers and 7 move house
ers and
ky. The T he robots are coming, according to robot
manufacturers. They say that in five or ten
years, we 1 will I won't all have robots in our
8 travel to a foreign country
A: Are you likely to buy a motorbikein the next
ch of the 35 two years?
t risk than homes. Very soon, robots that can cook and fold
clothes 2 mightn't I will be available . In the future, B: Actually, I might buy one this summer. I'd love
company to do a big road trip across Europe.
t corner here 3 may I won't even be robots to babysit our
London tax children. Or they 4 may not I might look after our
Driverless elderly parents and we 5 will I won't be able to
tthe same watch them from a computer wherever we are.
One thing is certain, we 6 mightn't I won't be
able to live without the help of robots in several
profession
aspects of our lives.
PLANNING YOUR WORK THE PERFECT JOB REQUESTS 47

Y life)
A COVERING LEITER
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
vocabulary education • word building prefix re- • listening decisions • grammar future forms •
speaking planning your work
4b What's next?
Vocabulary education
1 Wha t is your path in education? Look
at the expressions and tell your par tner
what you have done or what you think
you will do .
apply to college/univers ity

become an apprentice
do a (training) course
do/get a degree
get good/poor results
go to college/uni versity
g raduate
retake an exam
A: When I left school, I applied to college.

Then I ...
B: I got good exam results, so I think I'll
graduatewith a good degree. Then I'll ..
WORDBUILDING prefix re-

Adding re- to the start of a verb means 'to do
something again'.
retake, reapply, redo, retrain, reread, rewrite
For further practice, see Workbook page 35.
2 Work in pairs . Ask and answer the

questions. Ask follow -up questions.
1 Have you ever had to retake an
exam ?
2 Do you often rewrite your English
homework?
3 How many times have you reread
your favouri te book?
4 Do you know anyone who has
retraine d fQr a different job?
Listening
3 Have you made any impor tant
decisions recen tly? Work in pairs.
Tell your partn er about one of
your decisions.
I've decided to change my job. I don't want
to work in an office any more.
4 Work in pairs. Look at the women in
the pho tos. Discuss where you think
they are from and what they do.

lOMoARcPSD|5974606
:I Listen to an extract from a radio programme 11 Choose the correct option.

-elebrating International Women's Day. Choose the
orrect option to complete the sentences about the I left school last month.
;hree women featured in the programme. 1
I take I I'm going to take
the summer off, but in
on _ Devi works I studies. September 2 I'll start I I'm
:: Devi wants to be a boss I a nurse. starting as an apprentice
m? Look
- Elisabeth has a job I doesn't have a job. in a garage. 3 I do I I'm
ur partner
Elisabeth intends to leave her job I retire. doing an evening course
you think
= Sahera has just starteduniversityI as well. That 4 starts I is
graduatedfrom university. going to start in October.
Sahera plans to stay in Kabul I leave Kabul. I' m lucky - some of my
friends don't know what
:I Listen to the extract again and correct the 5they do I they are going to do. 6 We'll meet I We're
b ctu al mistakes. meeting next week for the first time since our
Devi isn't going to stay at home forever. exams. Actually, I think 7 I'll send I I'm sending them
- Devi is taking an exam tomorrow. a message about that right now.
- Elisabeth is going to start a new job.
Elisabeth is meeting her new boss on Wednesday. 12 Complete the responses with the most appropriate
= Sahera's friend is going to work in the future form. Then work in pairs. Compare and
o college. United States. discuss your answers.
Sahera's friend is leaving Kabul next month.
1 A: Have you got any plans for when you
hink I'll leave college?
Then I'll .. . 11.ich of the three women has decided what she is
to do? Who doesn't know yet? B: Yes, I ....................................
...... ......... .. (take) a year off.
2 A: I can't decide what to do.
B: It's OK, I .... ....................................(help) you.
eans 'to do
ammar future forms 3 A: Is it true that Samira is leaving?
at the sentences in bold in the audioscript on B: Yeah, she .................................. .......................(get) married
1d, rewrite
-;e 182. Find the following. next month.
4 A: My company has offered me redundancy.
page 35. -- mething that is scheduled in a timetable B: ...........................(you I take) it?
-- mething Devi decides to do as she is speaking 5 A: Did you emol for evening classes?
the m ething Devi has arranged to do B: Yes, .................................................
........ (go) to my first class tonight.
stions. mething Devi has already planned to do 6 A: Look, my exam results are here!
ke an B: Give me the envelope. I
what Elisabeth and Sahera say in the
(open) it.
- ·oscript. Underline at least six other sentences
English ±lose in Exercise 8.
Speaking my life
1 reread
·=• rTURE FORMS 13 Draw a calendar for the next four weeks. Write in
>has continuous these things.
J? taking the exam next month.
'/ plans you have made (shopping trips, etc.)
_57 a moment, I'll get you some. arrangements (hair appointments, etc.)
:::oing to things you are still unsure about (weekend
..., going to start my own business . activities, etc.)
lt
airs. -:resent simple
f --e course starts in January. NOVEMBER
"°J rther information and practice, see page 162. 2-8 9-15 16-22
ion't want 6th - 7th 1 0th - dentist 's

...A)()k at the grammar box. Match the future forms Weekendaway? 3pm
_--!) with the uses (a-d).
men in 14 Work in pairs. You need to meet several times for
llthink - a plan or intention decided before the moment of
a project for your English course. Find dates when
io. speaking
you can get together.
_ a decision made at the moment of speaking
- an event that follows a regular schedule A: What are you up to next week? Maybe we can get
or timetable togetherearly in the week.
- a fixed arrangement to do something at a B: OK. But I'm going to the dentist's on Monday, so
specified (or understood) time in the future what about Tuesday?
PREDICTIONS _PLANNING YOUR WORK THE PERFECT JOB REQUESTS 49

lOMoARcPSD|5974606
reading the economic boom in China • critical thinking the author's view • vocabulary pay and conditions •
speaking the perfect job
4c A better life?
Reading Critical thinking the author's
.
view
1 How can these things improve your opportunities
in life? Make notes and then compare with
6 Authors can show things in a positive, negative o
your partner .
neutral way. Read these extracts from the article
the place you go to school and say which one expresses a positive view and
the place you live which two are neutral. Which words help you
the career you choose decide?
your family 1 When the town starts to grow, the cellphone
companies arrive.
2 Read the article quickly. Which paragraph(s) 2 The human energy in one of these towns is
talk(s) about these topics? amazing: the brave entrepreneurs, the quick-
moving builders, the young workers a long
a training and education
way from home.
b the movement of people
3 Another young man I met is learning Arabic
c the development of new towns
and is going to work as a translator for Midd l
3 Read the first two paragraphs of the article. Put Eastern buyers .
these things in the order in which they appear in a
7 Find at least two more sentences in the article in
new town in China.
which the author shows his view. What is his vie'
a street stalls
b cellphone companies 8 Work as a class. How do the changes described in
c clothes shops the article compare to a place or country you are
d construction work 1 familiar with?
e entrepreneurs
f shops Vocabulary pay and conditions
g female factory workers
9 Read the sentences. Which jobs can they describ e
4 Read the rest of the article. Are the sentences
true (T) or false (F)? 1 In this job, people work long hours.
2 Employees get four weeks' paid holiday a ye
1 Most of the population in China is school age. 3 Workers get regular pay rises .
2 About ten million people a year move from 4 The salary is excellent.
their villages . 5 Employees can choose to work flexi-time if
3 Few school leavers in China are interested in they need to.
higher education. 6 There are lots of opportunities for promotion .
4 It's difficult to find training courses in 7 Staff often have to work overtime .
factory towns. 8 All employees are covered by a generous
5 So far, China has focused on making products pension scheme.
for foreign markets.
10 Put the words in bold in Exercise 9 into three
5 Work in pairs. Do you think that the people in the groups: money (M), hours (H) and benefits (B). Th
new towns have a better life than they did in their add these words to the groups.
villages? Why? I Why not?
clocking on and off bonuses
discounts on company products company car
free language classes part-time
health insurance wages
Speaking
11 Work in pairs . What four things in Exercises 9 an
10 does the perfect job have? Put them in order,
1 to 4. Then compare with a new pair. If you hav
different things in your lists, discuss them and t .
to agree on only four.
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
or's
legative o
le article
view and
lpyou
llphone
wns is
le quick-
a long
; Arabic =spoke to Peter Hessler about his experience of fast-changing life in China.
or Middl e
does a factory town begin? And a huge number now live in towns rather than
rticle in eginning of a Chinese factory town is always villages. Every year about ten million people move 30
s his view· .ame: in the beginning nearly everybody is a to the cities. Social scientists predict that the urban
;:ruction worker. They are men who have come population will be 60 per cent by 2030.
scribed in
ryou are • country villages and they are quickly joined by What kind of life do people want?
_,,reneurs. These businessmen sell meat, fruit and
Most people in China have seen their standard of
. =:ables on street stalls. Later, the first real shops
living go up in recent years. Chinese schools have been 35
ar and the same businessmen give up their stalls
itions start to sell construction materials .
very successful and the literacy rate is over 90 per cent.
So the next step is to develop higher education because
' describe .
t comes next? many people are looking for better training. There's a
the town starts to grow, the cellphone huge number of private courses in a Chinese factory
iday a yea: :- anies arrive. They sell prepaid phonecards to the town: English classes, typing classes, technical classes. 40
-ers so that they can phone the families they left One young man I know couldn't read or write when he
d in their villages. When the factories built by the left his village. He now works in a factory and spends
time if a quarter of his wages on training. Another young
- om the villages start production, you begin to
·omen. The factory managers prefer to give jobs to man I met is learning Arabic and is going to work as a
omotion. translator for Middle Eastern buyers. People also have 45
g women because they think they are more hard-
-;dng. After the arrival of the women, clothes shops dreams of a more materialistic life just as people do in
roU$ the West. The new factory towns of China have grown
h oe shops appear. And eventually, you see public
es, like buses, and so on. in order to make products for the rest of the world.
three And now, the workers want to be able to have these
s (B). Ther. .t does it feel like to be there? products for themselves as well. so
uman energy in one of these towns is amazing:
rave entrepreneurs, the quick-moving builders, entrepreneur (n) /,ontr;ipr;i'n3: / someone who starts new
;es ·:oung workers a long way from home . A companies
any car bination of past problems and present-day literacy rate (n) /'ht;irnsi re1t/ the number of people who can
ime _ has created an extremely motivated read and write
materialistic (adj) /m;i,t1;iri;i'hst1k/ interested in possessions
: ulation. There are 1.3 billion people in China and
and consumer goods
_ ? er cent of them are between the ages of 16 and 64.
n order,
you have
mand try

A COVERING LETTER
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
vocabulary job requirements • real life making and responding to requests •

pronunciation weak and strong auxiliary verbs
4d Would you mind ••• •

?
Vocabulary job requirements 5 CID Look at the expressions for making and
responding to requests. Listen again and tick the
expressions Rudi and Mark use.
Assistant Researcher
Natural History Net • .... REQUESTS
Making requests
Full-timeposition + benefits. Initial 12-month Is it all right if I give you as my referee ?
contract. Would it be OK to borrow your suit ?
Is it OK to take your car?
You will be responsiblefor
Would it be all right if I used your phone ?
• assistingthe Research Coordinatoron a variety of
film projects. Would you mind checking my application form ?
• managing film productionmaterials. Do you mind helping me with my CV?
• dealing with queries related to current and past Could you give me a lift to the interview ?
projects. Can you have a look at my covering letter ?
Will you be able to do it today ?
You will have
• a degree in a relevant subject. Responding to requests
Of course (not).
• preferably1-2 years' experiencein film production.
I'm not sure about that.
• excellentdatabase and research skills.
Yes, I will.
You will be Sure, no problem .
• organized and independent.
• able to meet strict deadlines. 6 Would you like to do a job like the one in the
• good at working under pressure. advert? Why? I Why not?
Send CV and covering letter to:
Anila.Jones@NHNTV.com 7 Pronunciation weak and strong
Closing date 15 June auxiliary verbs
a CID Listen and repeat the exchange. Notice hm
the auxiliary verb will is not stressed in the full
1 Read the job advert and find the following.
question and is stressed in the response.
1 duties
A: Will you be able to do it today?
2 deadline for applications
B: Yes, I will.
3 skills and qualifications required
4 personal qualities required b CID Match the questions (1-6) with the
responses (a-f). Then listen and check. Work in
2 Which of these qualities would be useful for the
pairs. Practise the exchanges.
job in the advert?
1 Are you going to apply for the job?
conscientious creative energetic 2 Will he help you with your CV?
hard-working methodical self-confident 3 Are they still advertising that job?
4 Does she meet our requirements?
3 Work in pairs. Choose three jobs you know 5 Will it be an all-day interview?
something about. What are the most important 6 Is it OK to phone you at work?
requirements of those jobs? Compare your ideas.
a I don't think she does .
b I think it might.
Real life making and c No, they aren't.
d Of course he will.
respond.ing to requests e Yes, I think I will.
4 CID Listen to two friends, Rudi and Mark, f Yes, of course it is.
discussing the position in the advert. Answer
the questions .
8 Work in pairs . You are going to act out short
conversations in different situations. Turn to
1 Does Mark meet all the requirements? page 155.
2 Is his CV ready?
3 What will he need for the interview?
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
e I enclose my CV
1gand
l tick the ting a covering letter
27 Harbour Road
rk in pairs. Which do you think is the most
:::ml.On way to apply for a job? Tell your Manchester
M21 7PF
7 July 2017
:. 0./ NHN TV
:. ett er
Burton House
:. oersonal contact
:: ::>hone call Bristol
::- application form BS9 2HL
>rm?
Dear Ms Jones,
d the covering letter in reply to the advert
• age 52. Match the information (a-j) with the I am writing in reply to your advertisement in the
of the letter. What (if any) information can Daily Herald for the position of Assistant Researcher.
;,i leave out if you send the letter as an email?
I will graduate in Digital Media this month from
a reference to your CV Manchester University. I have experience in film
the date production and post-production as I have worked part-
_ the name and address of the person time in my university television station for the last year.
you are writing to
the reason for your letter I consider myself to be hard-working and organized
t the Your address in my work. As part of my job with the university
your interest in the position television station, I was responsible for planning
_ your phone number
schedules and programme archiving.
your qualifications
your relevant experience I am available for interview at any time and available
rn ur skills to start work after July. I am willing to relocate if
otice how necessary.
:le full mp are the letter to the style you use in your
-- un try. Answer the questions. I enclose my CV which gives full details of my
Is the layout different? How? qualifications, work experience and skills as well as my
- Does it include the same information? contact details.
- Is the information in the main part of the
letter sequenced in the same way? I look forward to hearing from you.
rork in
Yours sincerely ,
'riting skill formal style
formal letter in English uses these features.
-.:-nderline examples of each one in the letter.
Mark Nolan
_ concise sentences
- formal phrases to begin sentences
- no contractions
standard phrases to open and close the letter 5 Write a covering letter to go with an application for a
job you would like. Follow the layout and style of the
ew rite the sentences in a more formal style. letter from Mark.
I'll finish my degree soon.
: Give me a call. 6 Exchange letters with your partner. Use these
3 I was looking through the paper and questions to check your partner's letter.
I saw your ad, and I thought it looked • Is it clear how to contact this person?
.or t really interesting. • Is the style appropriate?
lto My phone number is on my CV, which I've • Does the person sound like a good candidate?
sent you as well.
- I'll be free from August. 7 On the basis of the letter your partner has written,
would you give him/her an interview? Explain your
reasons to your partner.

lOMoARcPSD|5974606
4f Everest tourism
changed Sherpa lives
Without Sherpas, it is impossible for
people to climb Everest.

lOMoARcPSD|5974606
fore you watch 6 I Clll Work in pairs. Look at the list of things
Sherpas have gained and lost. Write G or L. Then
k at the photo and read the caption. Where do watch the second part of the video (1.34 to the
erpa people live? What is the area famous for? end) again and check your answers.
rk in pairs. Do you think Everest tourism is 1 educatlon
;ood thing or a bad thing for Sherpas? Give 2 healthcare
3 clothing
4 wealth
5 a simple life
6 happiness
'ad the sentences. Try to guess the missing words.
Some people do two jobs to increase their After you watch
- ................... .................................... is very different to my 7 What can you remember? Try to answer the
parents' generation. They live quite simply. questions. Then compare with the class.
- One per cent of the world's population owns 1 How did Sherpas learn to tell the time?
forty per cent of the world's ... 2 What was the only thing Kancha Sherpa
There are ................................................ differences between my worried about?
first job and my current job - it was a big shock 3 What did Max Lowe say people are losing?
at first.
:: I'm training to go on the next international 8 Vocabulary in context
....................... . ................ across Antarctica.
1- We live in an .. ..................................................... society, and mainly a I ClfJ Watch the clips from the video. Choose
keep sheep and cows. the correct meaning of the words and phrases.
2.ead the words in bold and their definitions. b Answer the questions in your own words. Then
:he words are used in the video. Complete the work in pairs and compare your answers.
=Cntences in Exercise 3a with the words.
1 Can you remember a time something happened
- agrarian (adj) based on farming to you just by chance?
_ expedition (n) an organized exploration 2 Do you think some people in your country take
or journey things for granted? What kind of thing?
- income (n) the money that you earn from a job 3 If life feels rushed, what can you do to feel
.::. lifestyle (n) the way a person lives, the typical more relaxed?
things they do and own 4 Where do new people usually settle in your
e substantial (adj) large and important (quantity) country?
- wealth (n) the money a person has 5 Can you name any communities who've had
little contact with the outside world?
hile you watch 9 Work in pairs. Tourism changed the Sherpa way
of life. What are the effects of these things on
, - n· Watch the video. Check your ideas from
people's ways of life?
2.
I :I ll Watch the first part of the video the internet

.00-1.33) again. Match the beginnings of the industrialization
3elltences (1-4) with the endings (a-d). large-scale road or rail systems
cheaper air travel
: The Sherpa
- The name Sherpa advancement (n) fad'vo:nsm;'.!nt/ an improvement in a
:;; The Sherpa culture person's life
Sherpa society now ethnic group (n) /e0mk 'gru:p / a group of people belonging
to the same culture
.;. changed in 1953.
healthcare (n) /'he10ke;'.!/ medical services
_ has mobile phones and the internet. idyllic (adj) /I'd1hk/ peaceful and calm
- means 'Easterner'. self-gain (n) /self'gem / getting more money or things
are one of seventy ethnic groups in Nepal. for yourself
SS

lOMoARcPSD|5974606

Grammar 6 f>iM:I Work in pairs. For each of these jobs,
discuss the qualities and qualifications you need
and the pay and conditions. Then say which job
would be best for your partner and give reasons .
1 Complete each comment from student chefs with

one word or contraction.
1 'I'm sure nobody ..........................................be able to eat this!'
2 'I'm ...........................................to change jobs soon.'
3 'I' ........................................having a drink on my next break.'
4 'This ...........................................definite ly impress the diners.' ICAN
5 'I'm going ..............................be the best chef in the tal k about stage s in edu cation and getti ng
country one day.' qualification s
6 'My paren ts ......................................... . be so proud of me.' describe different jobs, job requirements and
7 'This may ....................................turn out as I expected.' conditions
8 'Wow, my hat ..........................................catch fire in this kitchen.' talk about wat er sports activities
9 'My friends ...........................................believe me when I tell
them about my day.' Real life
10 'I'm ...........................................a take -away for dinner tonight.'
7 Work in pairs. Match the beginnings of the
2 Which comments in Exercise 1 do you think the sentences (1-4) with the endings (a- d). Then act
studen ts in the photo above might make? Why? out a conversation which includes-the requests
Work in pairs and compare your ideas. and appropriate replies.
3 mM:I Work in pairs. Find two plans and two 1 Could you
p redic tions in Exercise 1. Explain the use of the 2 Is it all righ t if I
verbs in each comment. 3 Would you mind
4 Would it be all right if I
4 mM:I Work in pairs. Ask yo ur partner about plans
and arrangements they have for when your English a borrow your phone?
course finishes. b help me with this application?
c lending me some money?
ICAN d took off my jacket?
make predictions about future events (predictions
with wil{) 8 f>iM:I With your partner, act out similar
show different degrees of certainty about conversations for two of these situations .
predictions (may, might, could)
a pro ble m at wo rk
ask and answer questions about future plans and
arrangements (going to , present conti nuous)
a n impo rta nt exa m ah ea d
a meet ing with a new boss
yo ur first day at college
Vocabulary
5 Ma tch the verbs (1-5) with the nouns (a-e) to make ICAN
exp ressions abo ut educa tion . mak e and respo nd to requests
1 app ly a an apprentice
2 become b an exam
3 get c from university
4 gra duate d good results
5 retake e to college
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
----o
jobs,
ouneed ,
lich job
reasons .
te
:i.en act 1 Find these foods in the photo. Which ones do you eat? How
iuests often do you eat them?
58 Pizza with a pedigree
apple carrot green pepper onion red pepper
Traditional dishes get squash sweet potato
special status
60 Imaginary eating 2 Work in pairs . Discuss the questions.

Discover the power of 1 How much do you know about the recommended amount
your mind! of different food groups you should eat each day?
2 How do you decide what is the right size of a portion of food?
62 A caffeine-fuelled 3 Does everyone need to eat the same amounts?
world 3 CID Work in pairs. What do you think the portion sizes
An in-depth look at the role of these types of food are? Listen to an extract from a radio
of caffeine in modern life programme about food. Complete the table.
TyJ>.e of food Size of J>.Ortion
66 Dangerous dining
cereal/rice/pasta/potato .......................................................... clenched fist
A video about an unusual meat/poultry/fish the palm of ....................................... ............... hand
Japanese delicacy snacks: popcorn/crisps ........................................................... handfuls
cakes: brownies/flapjacks _Ii rn == ········· fingers
4 Discuss the questions with your partner.

1 Does any of the information in Exercise 3 surprise you?
2 How much attention do you pay to your diet?
3 In what ways can food and diet influence your health?
RULES AND REGULATIONS !> CONSEQUENCES MODERN LIFE DISHES 57

A FORMAL LETTER/EMAIL
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
reading traditional dishes • grammar modal verbs (1) • pronunciation weak forms • speaking rules and regulatio
Sa Pizza with a pedigree

Reading Grammar modal verbs (1)
1 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions. .... MODAL VERBS
1 What are the traditional dishes of Obligation No obl igat ion

your country or region? have/has to, must don't/d oesn' t have to
2 How often do you eat or make Proh ibitio n
these dishes? mustn 't
3 How often do you eat or make dishes Permission No permission
from other countries? Which ones? can, is/are allowed to can't, is/are not allowed to
4 What's your favourite pizza? What's Recommendation
on it? should should (not)
2 Read the news item Pizza with a pedigree. For further info rmation and practice, see page 164.
Answer the questions.
1 Why is Pizza Napoletana in
3 Look at the grammar box. Answer these questions.
the news? 1 Which verb forms from the box are in the news item?
2 What are some of the other foods in Underline the verb forms in both the box and in the
the same group as Pizza Napoletana? news item.
3 What are the rules for an 'au thentic' 2 What form do we use to talk about obligation in the past
Pizza Napole tana? Circle this form in the news item.
3 Two of the modal verbs in the news item do not express
rules. Which verbs?
0 0 D
CID
Pizza with a pedigree
There is pizza - and there is Pizza Napoletana. The two, experts
say, have as much in common as virgin olive oil has with
ordinary cooking oil. Now, authentic Pizza Napoletana
is one of the elite group of European Union-certified
food and drink products- like Scottish Farmed Salmon,
Spanish Melon from La Mancha and English Blue Stilton
cheese. In order to qualify for this list, these food products
had to pass strict tests.
Once a product achievesGuaranteedTraditionalSpeciality
status, other similar productsare not allowed to use the
same name. For example, if your sparklingwine doesn't
come from the Champagneregion of France, you can't
call it 'Champagne'. But be warned:the EU specificationsfor
'real' Pizza Napoletanaare very complicated- it takes almost
as long to read them as it does to make the pizza.To be labelled
'GuaranteedTraditionalSpeciality; the pizza mustn't be over 35
centimetresin diameterand the crust mustn't be more than two
centimetresthick.The ingredientsmust includetype 00 flour and up to 100
grams of San Marzano tomatoesapplied in a spiral.And the cheese has to be
fresh 'Mozzarelladi Bufala'.
Of course, pizza has a long history in Italy.The word 'pizza'first appearedin an AD 997 elite (adj) (n) /r'li:t/ a small gro up of
manuscriptfrom Gaeta, a southern Italiantown. A millennium later, in 1997, political the best
groups in northern Italy tried to ban pizza because it was a symbol of their rivals in pedig ree (n) (adj) /'ped1gri:/ a
the south. You don't have to know anything about pizza's historyto enjoy eating it, of documented history
course. But you should trypor
anIsmael
authentic PizzaAchahui
Napoletana st rict (adj) /stnkt/ precise and rigoro u
Descargado Christian Vilcaat(draking_live_96@hotmail.com)
least once, and see if you
can taste the difference!
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
- ..: the labels from food packaging. Look at the 6 CIIllListen to eight short conversations about the
-::pl e. Write sentences using one of the modal food items in Exercise 5. Complete the notes for
=: in brackets . each item.
1 durian: you aren't allowed to ...
2 fugu: ......................................................
are allowed to .......................................................
suitable for vegetarians 3 hakarl: you have to . .
4 potatoes: you don't have to , ..
I don't have to) 5 oysters: you mustn't ......................................................... .
getarians shouldn't eat this product. 6 eggs: you should ...
7 red beans: ..................................................must .........................................................
.
8 steak: you can ....
NOT SUITABLE FOR PEOPLE
WITH NUT ALLERGIES ferment (v) /fo'ment / to leave food or drink to a natural
chemical reaction
-'on' t have to I mustn't) peel (v) /pi:l/ to remove the skin from fruit or a vegetable
7 Pronunciation weak forms

DO NOT EAT MORE THAN THE
RECOMMENDED DAILY INTAKE OF SALT a CID Listen to the sentences from conversations
1-4 in Exercise 6. Notice how to is not stressed.
em? can I shouldn't) Repeat the sentences.
he
b Work in pairs. Decide if you (don't) have to do
the MULTIPACK OF FOUR - NOT these things. Discuss with your partner.
FOR SALE SEPARATELY
keep eggs in the fridge
do n't have to I not allowed to) wash rice before you cook it
eat fish on the day you buy it
cook meat until it isn't pink
Heat before serving
can I have to)

8 Work in pairs. Write down at least two ideas for
each topic.
NOT RECOMMENDEDFOR 1 rules you had to follow when you were in
DIABETICS primary school
2 information that should be on food labels
all owed to I shouldn't)
3 places where you're not allowed to eat hot food
rk in pairs. Look at these food items. Discuss 4 table manners
-- questions. 5 things you're only allowed to do when
you're eighteen
:.iri an eggs fugu hakarl oysters 6 questions you shouldn't ask someone you
t atoes red beans steak don't know well
H ave you eaten any of these food items? 9 Work with a new partner. Compare your ideas
- Do you know of any special treatment these from Exercise 8. Do you both agree?
things need before you can eat them? A: When we were at primary school, we had to line
up outside the classroom.
B: Oh, yes! So did we!
DUp of
rigorous
RULES AND REGULATIONS IJ>- CONSEQUENCES IJ>- MODERN LIFE IJ>- RESTAURANT DISHES 59
my : A FORMAL LEnERtEMA1L
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
reading and listening the power of the mind • grammar first conditional • vocabulary a healthy lifestyle •
speaking consequences
Sb Imaginary eating
Reading and listening
1 Work in pair s. Discuss the statements.
Do you agree with them? Give examples
to support your arguments .
1 Self-belief : the difference between a
winner and a runner-up is in attitude,
not skill.
2 Willpower : you can achieve anything if
you think you can do it.
3 Train your mind: people who consider
themselves to be lucky have more 'luck y'
moments.
2 Read the news item Imaginary eating.

What does the imaginar y eating technique
involve?
3 CllliJListen to two people discussing the

news item. Are these sentences true (T) or
false (F)?
1 Jack doesn't believe the claims in the
news item.
2 Lin is open-minded about the idea of
imaginary eating.
3 Both of them agree that willpower is
important.
4 Lin thinks Jack should try out the
technique .
5 Lin eats too many crisps and snacks .
6 Jack is going to buy some chocolate. Christ ne Dell'Amore
4 Cll'D Listen to the conversation again. National Geographic News

Match the beginnings of the sentences (1-6) Obesity rates are climbing fast and we need to find
with the endings (a-£). new techniques to help people control overeating.
1 I'll believe it According to new research, 'imaginary eating' could be
2 If you don't train your mind, one such technique. It's based on the idea that if you
3 I won't find out are less interested in a certain food, you will eat less of
4 When I want to eat a snack, it. But how do you reduce your interest? A psychologis·
5 I'll never need to buy chocolate again in the United States reports that if you just imagine
6 As soon it starts .working, eating a specific food, your interest in it will drop. Often
people try not to think about food when they need to
a if this technique works.
lose weight. But avoiding these thoughts might not
b I'll let you know.
be a good strategy. With imaginary eating, if you force
c I'll try just imagining it.
d unless I try. yourself to think about chewing and swallowing food,
e when I see it. you'll actually reduce your desire to eat.
f .you won 't be able to lose weight.
Comments
5 Read the comment at the end of the Rp"neapple23
news item again. Do you agree with the
comment? With your partner, write a This study is just another proof of how powerful our
comment to add to the comments section. brain is. The better we are at using that power when
making decisions and controlling certain behaviours,
the healthier we will become.
RECOMMEND
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
ammar first conditional 8 Jack and Lin are discussing Lin's efforts to eat
more healthily. Cross out any options which are
• wST CONDITIONAL not possible.
".ou don't train your mind, you won't be able to 1 You won't change as soon as I unless you make an
se wei ght. effort.
never need to buy chocolate again if this 2 As soon as I When you make up your mind, you'll
='.nnique works.
be able to act.
-'..Jrther information and practice, see page 164. 3 I'll weigh myself before I when I start my diet.
4 I'll keep trying before I until I see a change.
;_,')()k at the grammar box. Answer the 5 You won't see any results unless I when you
try hard.
hons.
6 If I Unless you give up easily, you won't achieve
\ Vhich verb forms are used to make the your target.
fu st conditional? 7 If I When you go shopping, don't buy sweets.
Vhere can if go in conditional sentences? 8 I'll follow the diet unless I until I lose ten kilos.
Look at the position of if in the sentences.
Vhen do we use a comma(,)?
\ Vhich of the sentences refers to future
Vocabulary a healthy lifestyle
possibility and which refers to something 9 Work in pairs. Match the verbs with the nouns to
"''hich is generally true? make strategies for a healthy lifestyle. You can match
Find three sentences with the first some verbs with more than one noun and some nouns
conditional pattern in the news item. Do with more than one verb . Add ideas of your own.
me sentences refer to future possibility or to
something which is generally true? Verbs Nouns
avoid a new sport
ple te the sentences with the present change an outdoor activity
ple and will+ infinitive. Which sentences cut down on bad habits
er to future possibility and which refer to cut out computer and TV time
ething which is generally true? give up fatty food
you ................................................... (believe) in yourself, learn heavy meals at night
·ou ......................................................(be) more successful. reduce junk food
_ I (need) a lot of willpower if take up relaxation techniques
. . (want) to give up chocolate . smoking
If you (not buy) snacks, you snacks between meals
................................(not be able) to eat them . stress
if you .......................................................(find) any more
information, ........................................................ (you I let) me 10 Think of a specific result for each strategy from
find know? Exercise 9. Write sentences with the first conditional.
r9·
I
be
- :f you .........................................................
iood on your plate, you
(reduce) the amount of
(lose) If you avoid heavy meals at night , you'll sleep better.
if you ,·eight.
t less of . .................................... (give up) junk food if you Speaking my life
. ................................(do) too.
- If I ........................................................
(not try) it, I .............................................
. 11 Work in pairs. Make a list of all the possible
neve r know). consequences you would face in these situations.
'p. Often
to .... we .........................................................
(eat) less if 1 giving up junk food
not '\' e ......................................................
(use) smaller plates? 2 changing your job I studies
3 sharing a flat with friends
I food, EN, AS SOON AS, UNLESS, UNTIL, BEFORE 4 taking up extreme sports
12 Work in groups of four. The aim of this game is to

+ present simple, will+ infinitive keep answering questions as long as you can. Student
A is going to do one of the things in Exercise 11. The
-·e rest of the group asks the questions. If Student A can't
our answer, Student B takes a turn, and so on.
':.rt her information and practice, see page 164.
hen A: I'm going to give up junk food.
1ours, B: What will you eat when you want a snack?
A: Don't worry. If I want a snack, I'll eat nuts or
some fruit .
C: And what if you find out you' re allergic to nuts?
RULES AND REGULATIONS CONSEQUENCES MODERN LIFE RESTAURANT DISHES 61

y life A FORMAL LETTER/EMAIL

lOMoARcPSD|5974606
reading modern lifestyles • critical thinking writer's pupose • word focus so • speaking modern life
Sc A caffeine-fuelled world
Reading 8 Work in pairs . Discuss the questions.
1 Do you think the writer is successful in his /
1 Work in groups. Discuss the questions. her purpose?
1 Is your lifestyle very different to that of your 2 Did you change your ideas about caffeine al:
parents' generation? In what way(s)? reading the article?
2 Do you often hear comments about modern 3 In what way has the article influenced your
life? What kind of comments? opinion of caffeine?
3 How much tea / coffee or other drinks do you
have in a normal day?
Word focus so
2 Read the article on page 63 quickly. Choose the 9 Look at how so is used in the article. In which
correct option to complete the sentence.
sentence can we replace so with as a result? Wha·
The article is about caffeine and childrenI can replace so in the other sentence?
daily life I sugar.
1 Why are these drinks so popular?
3 What are the effects of caffeine? Complete the table. 2 It raises blood pressure and so increases the
risk of heart disease.
Harmful effects Beneficial effects
makes you less tired
10 Work in pairs. Complete the sentences. Then w
changes your mood
1
two-line exchanges using some of the sentence
blood
...................................................... relieves 3 ....
Act out your exchanges .
pressure reduces 4 .....
increases the 2 ....... symptoms 1 I've had five cups of ........ .................so far tod a
of heart disease 2 Thank you so much for . .
you've done.
3 I'm so happy I could . .
4 Complete these sentences with words from
the article. 4 .........................................................
me so I know when to expect y
5 I think I'm right. I ..................................................... so.
1 Caffeine is an .........................................................
of tea, coffee, soft 6 No, I don't .........................................................
so.
drinks, energy drinks and chocolate. 7 Don't be so hard on yourself- it's not easy t
2 Caffeine is a drug which changes your give up ........................................................
.
8 Oh, that's .................................................... ! So did I!
3 Several countries put health ..................................................
on
energy drinks.
4 People have changed to a less natural work
Speaking my life
11 Complete the slogans about modern life with

5 Caffeine is popular with people who need to words. Where do you think the slogans are fro m
stay ......................................................
.
all close day night on today
5 Work in pairs. Do you think anything the writer
says is true about your own lifestyle? What? 1 We never ..........................................
2 See the films of tomorrow .......................................
.
Critical thinking writer's purpose 3 Open ..........................................hours.
4 'Always ............................ broadband.
m ••••••••••• '
6 What is the writer's main purpose in this article? 5 Late ... ........... mm shopping every Thursday.
Give reasons for your answer. 6 All ... ..........................breakfasts served here.
to entertainI to inform I to persuadethe reader 12 Work in small groups. These things are typical o_
7 Look at the list of features which are typical of 24-hour society . Discuss the questions.
informative texts . Find examples in the article. 1 Are the things positive or negative?
1 the present simple 5 specific examples 2 Which ones affect you? In what way?
2 the third person 6 quotes, often from 3 What are some of the consequences for you o
3 questions and experts for other people?
answers 7 linkers to show how
24-hour shopping shift work
4 facts ideas are connected
difficulty sleeping smartphone addiction
eating takeaway food
Descargado por Ismael Christian Achahui Vilca (draking_live_96@hotmail.com) tiredness
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
:i. his/ t he centuries, people have created many On the other hand, there's also research which 30
itions around preparing and drinking their suggests that caffeine may have for human
after rite drinks, tea and coffee. Just think of the health. It helps relieve pain, reduces asthma symptoms
nese tea ceremony, British afternoon tea or the and increases reaction speed.
your ing coffee custom in many societies. Why are And it seems we need coffee - or Diet Coke ®or
drinks so popular? The answer is their secret Red Bull - to get us out of bed and back to work. 35
edient - caffeine. In the modern world, the new Charles Czeisler, a neuroscientist at Harvard Medical
e ine 'delivery systems' are canned 'energy' drinks. School, explains that traditionally people went to
th e more modern our world gets, the more we sleep and woke up following sunset and sunrise. Then
hi ch to need caffeine. the way we worked changed and people did more
? What einated drinks make you less tired and more indoor jobs . Consequently, we had to adapt. Electric 40
. This double power of caffeine to reduce light, and caffeinated food and drink allowed people
ical tiredness and increase alertness is part to follow a less natural work pattern . Therefore,
es the ....e reason why it is the world's most popular without caffeine, the 24-hour society of the developed
d-changing drug. It is the only habit-forming world simply couldn't exist.
we routinely serve to our children (in all those Czeisler says, 'Caffeine helps people try to ignore the 45
i1en writ e dri nks and chocolate bars) . In fact, most babies natural human rhythms.' He warns us that 'there is a
1tences . e developed world are born with tiny amounts of heavy, heavy price to pay' for all this extra alertness.
eine in their bodies. Without enough sleep - the traditional eight hours
people don't think twice about their caffeine out of each 24 is about right - the human body will
ar toda y.
-oee being harmful. However, it raises blood not function at its best, either physically, mentally, or 50
__ sure and so increases the risk of heart d isease . emotionally, the doctor says .
- ·s why the use of caffeine is considered to be a According to Czeisler, the modern desire for caffeine is a
by scientists and public health authorities. In 'Catch 22 situation'. The main reason that people want
cpect you
nited States, for example, many canned energy caffeine is to st ay awake,' he says. ' But the main reason
s carry warn ings. In most European countries, that people can't stay awake is they don 't get enough 55
acturers have to label cans with warnings . But in regular sleep - because they use caffe ine.'
easy to
ce and Denmark you are not even allowed to sell
=·gy drinks .
alert (adj) /;i'l3:t / awake
and paying att ent ion
re from ?
day.
vr ical of
)f you or
jdiction

lOMoARcPSD|5974606
vocabulary restaurants • real life describing dishes • pronunciation disappearing sounds
Sd Eating out
I
Vocabulary restaurants 6 Which of the four dishes do the customers order ?
Would you order the same?
I' 1 Work in pairs. What are the most important things
to consider when eating out? Does it depend on 7 Pronunciation disappearing sounds
what sort of occasion it is?
a Cl!) Listen to the sentences with these words .
the atmosphere in the restaurant Cross out the part of the word which is not
the food choice and/or quality pronounced - the disappearing sound - in each
the prices and/or value for money word. Listen again and repeat the sentences.
the service
1 interesting
2 savoury
2 Put these stages in eating out (a-h) into a logical 3 traditionally
order (1-8). 4 vegetables
a book the table 1 e leave a tip
b have a starter f look at the menu
b Cross out the disappearing sounds in these wor cb
Then work in pairs . Write sentences with the
c have dessert g order a drink
words for your partner to read out.
d have the main h pay the bill
course chocolate natural restaurant separately
3 Are these comments usually said by a customer (C) technique
or a waiter (W)?
8 Write a list of six food dishes, vegetables, fruit or
1 Are you ready to order? other food which are either from your country
2 Would you like something to drink while or which you have eaten abroad. Make notes
you decide? which describe each item. Use the expressions for
3 What's that made from? describing dishes to help you.
4 What do they taste like?
5 I think I'll try that. 9 Work in groups of three. Take turns to describe
6 Can I take your order now? your mystery foods. Who can guess each one
7 And I'll have the same. the quickest?
8 And for your main course?
9 Does it come with vegetables? plantain fritters
10 And what about you, sir?
11 Certainly.
I· Real life describing dishes

4 Clll Listen to the conversation in a Jamaican
restaurant. Check your answers from Exercise 3.
I
11
5 CIJI Look at the expressions for describing
I dishes . Listen to the conversation again . How are
the dishes in the photos described?
DESCRIBING DISHES
It's I They're a sort I type I kind of:
baked I boiled I fried dish
fruit I meat I fish I vegetable
It's I They're made from:
a kind of bean I meat I vegetables
It tastes I They taste:
bland I hot I salty I spicy /sweet
It's I They're a bit like :
fresh cod I potatoes I lamb

lOMoARcPSD|5974606
e We look forward to your reply

. order? riting a formal letter/email 3 Writing skill explaining consequences
-'\ group of students has written to the manager of a Find these words in the letter . They link causes
_lo cal supermarket. Read the letter quickly. What and consequences. For each word 1 underline the
..3 its purpose? Choose the correct option (a-c). cause and circle the consequence .
'Ords.
, to ask about prices in the supermarket 1 as a result (paragraph 1)
t
_ to complain about the supermarket's actions 2 mean (paragraph 2)
1each
- to invite the supermarket to stock new products 3 lead to (paragraph 3)
b Complete the sentences with these words.

Sometimes, more. than one option is possible.
ar Sir
as a result consequently lead to mean
·e are writing to express our shock at the news
result in therefore
- · t your supermarket is throwing out huge
e words . :nounts of fresh food every day. Not only that,
he 1 We object strongly to this plan . ...
·..a you put bleach on the food and as a result it we will not be able to support it.
omes inedible. 2 We welcome the new community kitchen.
1tely - our view, this will have serious consequences This will .........................................................
more people eating a
people in need. As you may know, many people hot meal.
n ·t afford to buy enough food every week. If you 3 The prices have gone up. , fewer
:ruit or p putting bleach on the food that you throw out, people will shop here.
ntry · will mean people can make use of it. 4 New price policies we'll be able to
tes buy more.
ions for ere are several local organizations that could use 5 We suggest lowering prices as this could
- s unsold food. Will your supermarket consider . . more customers coming in.
rking with them to pass on unwanted food to 6 We reduced our prices and ...
cribe ·- pie who need it? Most food is still of good increased the number of customers.
)ne _...ality for some time after its sell-by date and
refore it should not be thrown out. 4 Prepare a letter with your reaction to one of these
situations. Make notes before you start. Use the
- addition, a lot of the unsold food that you throw questions in Exercise 2 to guide you.
t has reached its sell-by date. If your supermarket
• Your college is going to close the student
_duces the price of this food (as some of your
cafeteria.
'illpetitors do), more people will be able to buy it.
• Your favourite TV show is being scrapped.
L
us will lead to less waste and more profit for you. • Your employer I school has banned junk food
·e look forward to your reply. and drink machines.
• Your local swimming pool is being closed.
urs faithfully
ear 11
5 Write your letter. Follow the structure of the
paragraphs in Exercise 2. Use these questions to
broadchurch High School check your letter.
• Is the style correct for a formal letter?
.. 3ch (n) /bli:tf / a chemical for cleaning kitchens, • Is the purpose of the letter clear?
::h rooms, etc. • Is it clear what action the person who the letter
is addressed to needs to take?
ead the letter again. Answer the questions about 6 Exchange letters with your partner. Read your
a ch paragraph . partner's letter. Take the role of the person it is
aragraph 1 What two actions are the students addressed to . Are you going to take any action as a
writing about? result of the letter? Write a short reply to the letter.
"ar agraph 2 Who is affected by the
supermarket's actions?
:'ar agraph 3 What question do the writers have?
..,aragraph 4 What alternatives do the writers
suggest?
RULES AND REGULATIONS CONSEQUENCES MODERN LIFE RESTAURANT DISHES 65

my life f,ii•l;jef1f,!llj1i§;N§ef1t,!ll
lOMoARcPSD|5974606

lOMoARcPSD|5974606
fore you watch After you watch

at the photo and write six words connected 7 Vocabulary in context
-- it. Then work in pairs. Compare your list with
·our partner. a [ll g) Watch the clips from the video. Choose
ey vocabulary
b Complete the sentences in your own words. Then
ead the sentences. The words in bold are used in work in pairs and compare your sentences .
-- e video. Guess the meaning of the words. 1 I saw an advert for a holiday with a complete
_ Sugar is a major cause of people's problems ... experience .
with their teeth . 2 One thing that concerns me is .. . .
- Some snakes have poison in their teeth. 3 The last time I got sick was ... .
- Check the regulations before you enter the 4 Have you ever fooled anyone?
competition. 5 Do people in your country eat mainly in
Lots of people go to the dentist annually . restaurants or in private homes?
- If you feel nervous, breathe in and out slowly.
8 What, in your opinion, is the best ending (a-c) for
atch the words in bold in Exercise 2a with this sentence? Compare with your partner.
definitions. The best way to avoid getting sick from fugu is:
- something that can kill you if you eat or a by going to a well -known restaurant.
drink it b not to eat it.
_ every year c to take anti -toxin medicine.
- take air into your lungs
- official rules 9 Work in pairs to prepare a survey on risk-taking .
=> important, big Look at the sentence in Exercise 8 and write three
similar sentences for activities that include risks.
Then ask your classmates their opinions. Which
ile you watch are the most popular responses?
I wrq• Watch the first part of the video (0.00-
.J.2) with the sound OFF. Discuss the questions . anti-toxin (n) /,rent1'toksm/ a substance/medic ine which can
treat a problem caused by a toxin
_ Which country are the people in? cyanide (n) / 'sa1;ma1d/an extremely poisonous chemical/
- What kind of food can you see? substance
- What do you think could be dangerous about milligram (n) / 'm1hgrrem/ a quantity: there are one thousand
this food? milligrams in a gram
paralyse (v) /'prer;ila1z/ to affect something so that it
, w•n• Watch the first part of the video again can 't move
i th the sound ON . Check your ideas from toxin (n) / 'toksm / a kind of poison
:'.:xercise 1 and find out the name of the food.
, wra• Watch the second part of the video

J.43-1.43) with the sound OFF. What do you think
-'-e diners (Tom and Aki) and the chef are saying
·o each other? Then watch with the sound ON and
.:heck your ideas.
[]11£11 Watch the whole video . Choose the

-orrect option to complete the sentences .
A lot of people died from eating fugu after I
during World War II.
_ At this time, licences for catchingand selling I
preparingand serving fugu were introduced .
3 There were 2,500 I 10,500 deaths from fugu
from 1945 to 1975.
-! Nowadays only about three people die every
year, mostly from poisoning at home I in
restaurants.
.5 One tiger fugu has enough toxin to kill 3 I
30 people .
6 The fugu toxin attacks a person 's heart I lungs.
67

lOMoARcPSD|5974606

Grammar 6 f>iM:I Find four things you can eat in Unit 5.
Think of two ways to describe each one. Then
1 Read the conversation between two friends who work in pairs. Try and guess your partner's thin
are cooking. Cross out any incorrect options.
7 mM:I Work in pairs. Tell your partner if you
A: Do you know how to make risotto? never, always or sometimes do these things whe
B: Oh yes. 1 I show I I'll show you if you want. yo u eat out. Explain yo ur reasons.
A: OK, great. 2 Can I Must I use this pan?
B: Yes, sure. You 3 have to I don't have to ask. book the table leave a tip
A: When the onion 4 is /will be ready, I add the rice. have a starter look at the menu
B: Yes, then the liquid. But you 5 must I have to add have dessert order a drink
it slowly. Don 't add more until the rice have the main course pay the bill
6
absorbs I will absorb it.
A: OK, that's all the liquid in. 7 Am I allowed to I
Should I stir it all the time now? ICAN
B: Yes, because you 8 must /mus tn't let it stick to talk about feelings and personal states
the pan. If it 9 sticks I will stick, it will burn. talk about food and dishes
A: 10
Should I I Do I have to add salt? order food in a restaurant
B: You can if you want to, but you 11 mustn't I don't
have to. And the risotto 12 can't I has to rest for a
while before 13 you eat /you'll eat it.
Real life
A: 14
Am I allowed to I Do I have to taste it? 8 Complete the description of a seafood dish with
B: Of course you are. You made it! these words. There is one extra word.
2 Answer the questions about the conversation in
fruit kind made raw tastes
Exercise 1.
1 Are the friends making a hot or a cold dish? Ceviche is a Latin American dish. It's a 1 ..............................
2 Why is it important to add the liquid slowly? of seafood dish. It's 2 by using the juice
3 Why is it important to stir all the time? of citrus 3 ................................,in this case limes, to 'cook '
mix of 4 ........................................fish and seafood.
3 f>Jlfl!:IWork in pairs. Think of other modal verbs
you can use in Exercise 1 items 2, 5, 7, 8, 10, 12 and
14. How does the meaning of the sentences change?
4 f>JM:I Work with a new partner. Take turns to

state an intention and start a 'chain'.
buy a bike give up smoking

cut down on snacks join a gym
give up I start eating meat take a holiday
A: I think I'll buy a bike.

B: If you buy a bike, you'll get more exercise. 9 f>jl'Aj:IWork in groups. Prepare descriptions
A: Yes. And if I get more exercise, ... of as many dishes from the list as you can. Then
I compare your descriptions with other groups.
ICAN
there any dishes nobody is familiar with? Look a·
ask and answer questions about obligation, prohibition, page 155 to find out what they are.
permission and recommendation (modal verbs)
talk about the future results of present and future baklava borscht coq au vin couscous
actions (first conditional) fondue goulash gravlax kebab lasagne
paella pizza risotto sauerkraut tortilla
Vocabulary
ICAN
5 Match the ver bs about change with phrasal ver bs
that mean the same. One of the verbs matches two ask about and describe different dishes
phrasal verbs. Then write four sentences describing
a change that leads to a healthy lifestyle.
reduce start cut down on cut out

stop give up take up

lOMoARcPSD|5974606
it 5.
J
1en
s thing s
you
swhen
;;
J [
L with f
" "
e juice
cook' a
Sunbathing cows in Andalusia, Spain
F EATURES 1 Work in pairs. Look at the image. Discuss the questions.

1 Does it look like a painting or a photo?
70 Flexible thinking 2 What is happening?
How good are you at puzzles 3 What does it make you think about?
and mysteries? 4 Do you think the image has a message? What?
72 Desert art 2 CID Listen to a conversation about the image. Check your
ideas from Exercise 1.
ons The mysterious Nasca lines
Then in Peru 3 CID Listen to the conversation again. What do the words in
bold refer to?
74 Lost and found?
1 Do you think the photographer Photoshopped it?
Current theories about 2 I'm surprised he didn't frighten them.
Amelia Earhart's 3 I can't make it out.
s disappearance
1sagne
4 They're parasailing.
)rtilla
5 It's a really popular sport there.
78 Encounters with a
sea monster 4 The woman isn't sure if the photo is genuine. Why do people
sometimes make 'false' photos? What about these things?
A video about strange
creatures in the water bags clothes eyelashes money paintings passports
watches
WHAT'S IT FOR? SPECULATING COMPARING IDEAS SURPRISING NEWS 69

my life A NEWS STORY
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
listening and reading flexible thinking • word focus long • grammar purpose: to ... , for ... and so that ... •
speaking what's it for?
6a Flexible thinking
Listening and reading 3 CID Listen to a speaker at a conference. She ask.:
her audience to do the puzzle in Exercise l. Wha t
1 Work in pairs. Do you like doing puzzles? Read is the mystery she also talks abou t?
the puzzle and try to find the answer.
4 CID Listen again and complete the sentences.
1 How good are you at flexible and . . _
thinking?
2 Does the promise of a reward make you work
?
3 Imagine I offer half of yo u some money to do
this task more ...
4 I'm going to see how long it takes you so that
THE CANDLE TRICK we can find out the average ...
5 The people with the reward of .....
Your task is to attach the candle to the wall so will be quicker , right?
that the wax doesn't drip on the floor below. 6 The people in the first group need more time t
You only have the candle, a box of drawing find the .................................................
.
pins and some matches. How do you do it?
5 Read the article and find the answer to the
m ys ter y the speaker mentioned. When is a rewar
2 Compare your ideas for the candle puzzle with useful? When is it not useful?
another pair. Then turn to page 155 to find out the
answer to the puzzle . Was it easy or difficult to
work out?
P
eople often think that a reward can make creative and flexible thinking. When the task doesn't
people work harder. However, that's not have a clear answer, concentration doesn't help. In
always true. Basically, it depends on the type fact, your brain needs to be relaxed and open so
of task or work. Rewards are great for making people that it can look at the problem in different ways.
concentrate and concentration helps with tasks that In the workplace, the reward is usually money.
have a clear set of rules - the kind of thing where you So businesses need to think carefully about the
follow the rules to complete the task - for example, relationship between work and pay - because it's tru e
doing maths roblems or working in computer that people work harder for a reward, but only in
ord focus long
Read the sentences and say if the expression
,·ith long refers to time (T), distance (D) or
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
10 Choose the correct option to complete the sentences.

1 We worked together for I to solve the
problem faster .
2 The box was useful for I to holding the candle.
--,
le ask s something else (S).
3 We looked at the key for I to the answers .
What • How long did it take you to do the puzzle? 4 I went to the conference so that I to find out
_ Is it a long way from here to your house? more about the brain.
ces. 3 How long does the essay need to be in the exam? 5 I sit near the front so that I to I can hear better.
.,. I'm just going for a coffee. I won't be long. 6 The speaker used pictures for I to make the
- We'll stay here as long as it takes to finish the job. explanation clearer.
- I love sunbathing. I could do it all day long. 7 Lots of people do Sudoku so that I to keep their
work - I can't finish this book. It's just too long. brain active.
You can stay at my house as long as you don't 8 I'm learning Chinese for I so that I can work
:odo mind sleeping on the sofa : in China.
, that \Tork in pairs. Tell your partner about these things . 11 Match the beginnings of the sentences (1-6) with
Add follow-up comments. the endings (a-£). Then complete the sentences
with to,for or so that.
• something it took you a long time to do
_ a place a long way away you have visited 1 I want to learn another language
time to - something you could do all day long 2 My friend called me
something you found too long 3 I write everything down
4 We download the homework to our phones
-.: When I first started learning English, it took me
:ewar d 5 Are you going to London
ages to learn how to pronounce 'daughter'.
6 This notebook is
3: Oh, I had the same problem with 'vegetable'!
7 Would you like to meet
8 Did you get much chance
ammar purpose: to ... , for ... a a coffee after class?
:: I 1d 50 that ... b ask my advice about his course.
c help me remember it.
PURPOSE: TO ... , FOR ... and SO THAT ... d I can enjoy travelling more.
-agi ne I offer half of you some money to do this e keep my passwords in.
-":Jre quickly. f speak Italian on your trip?
e all work for money, don 't we? g we can study on the bus.
::.'Owing pins are for attaching things to other things . h work or on holiday?
- going to see how long it takes you so that we can
-..,d out the average time.
-=r fu rther information and practice, see page 166.

Speaking my life)
12 Work in small groups. Take turns to choose one

:..ook at the grammar box. Answer the questions. of the items from the list (without saying which
one) and say why we need it. The other students
Which verb form follows to? in your group have to try and guess the item, and
_ What can follow for? also add another reason why we need it.
3 What follows so that?
.,. Do the sentences answer the question how or A: We need this to find our way around a
why I what for? strange place.
B: We need it so that we don't get lost? A map?
- :..ook at the article Flexible thinking and rewards. A: Yes!
the patterns like those in the
glasses
.
credit card
·----
r 't(are passport
..
-- .... -
window JUI J picii:u""· 1me

professional qualifications
b
map guard dog
boots hot food
t's tru e
dictionary calculator
in
WHAT'S IT FOR? SPECULATING COMPARING IDEAS SURPRISING NEWS 71

my life A NEWS STORY
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
vocabulary art • listening Nasca lines • grammar certainty and possibility • pronunciation weak form of have •
speaking speculating
6b Desert art
Vocabulary art
1 Complete the sentences with these words .
diagr am dra w ing fi gure line patt ern
shape
1 This looks like a child's ...................................................... of a horse .

2 Look at that cloud . It's in the ........................................................of a
heart.
3 Can you draw a ten -centimetre straight
..........................................................without a ruler?
4 I can see a ................................................... at the door, but I don 't
know who it is.
5 I prefer plain shirts to ones with a colourful
6 This ..................................................
of how to cut up a pineapple
isn't very clear.
Listening
2 Look at the photo and read the caption . Match the
questions (1-3) with the exchanges (a-c) .
1 What are they?
2 Where are they? Grammar certainty and
3 How big are they?
possibility
a 'They must be in a desert because there aren't
any plants or anything there .' .... CERTAINTY AND POSSIBILITY
'Yes, it looks really dry. ' In the present
b 'They might be roads.' must
'No, they can't all be roads . That 's clearly a + infinit ive
might (not ) I may (not) I could
spider .' +be+ -ing
can't
c 'There's a plane above it.'
In the past
'Yeah, so they must be pretty big .'
must
3 Cl1il Work in pairs. What do you think the may (not) I might (not) I could have + past parti cip le
can't I couldn 't
answers to the questions in Exercise 2 are? Listen
to an extract from a radio programme and check For f urther informatio n and practice, see page 166.
your ideas.
4 CID What do you think the purpose of the lines 6 Look at the grammar box . Underline the patterns in
was? Listen to ano ther extract from the radio the sentences in Exercises 2 and 4.
programme. Comp lete the sentences.
7 Look at the grammar box again. Choose the correct
1 The Nasca people could n 't option to complete the rules .
have seen the .....................................................from above . 1 We use must to say if something is or was
2 Maria Reiche was convinced that the lines mus t
possible I probable.
have been a type of .....................................................
. 2 We use might, may and could to say if something ·
3 Other people tho ught the lines may have been
or was possible I probable.
ancien t Inca ....................................................
.
3 We use can't and couldn't to say if something is or
4 The strangest idea was the lines could have
was impossibleI improbable.
guided creatures from ................................................. .
5 The Nasca people can' t have known the lines
would still be visible .........................................................
later.
5 Which theory do you think is most likely?
Compare your ideas with your
Descargado class Christian
por Ismael . Achahui Vilca (draking_live_96@hotmail.com)
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
10 Complete the conversations using the correct

option and the verb in brackets . Use a present or
past modal form.
1 A: Why hasn 't my sister returned my phone call?
B: Well, she can't I H4ffY }Jqv_eJozgqttgn (forget).
She never forgets things .
2 A: Is Sandra here? I haven't seen her today.
B: Yes, she 's here . She can't I might . .
(get) a coffee .
3 A: Who's Tom talking to?
B: It may I must ........................................................
(be) his father . He
said , 'Hi , Dad.'
4 A: Why did the plane arrive late?
B: I don 't knoyv. It could I mightn't ................................................ . ..
(take off) late .
5 A: Is Joe around? We've got a meeting .
B: Well, his computer is still on, so he can't I
must (go out).
6 A: Why is Phil wearing odd socks?
B: He can't I might ................................................... . . (get dressed)
in a hurry this morning.
11 Pronunciation weak form of have

a CII:1 Listen to the conversations from
Exercise 10 and check your answers. Is have in
past modals pronounced /hrev/ or /h'dv/? Is the h
pronounced?
Complete the sentence s with present modal forms.
b Work in pairs. Read the conversations aloud. Pay
1 This drawing has eight legs. Insects have six legs. attention to your pronunciation of have.
So it .......................................................an insect.
_ 'What are the straight lines?' Tm not sure . They
. . paths.' Speaking ..(mY ITTe)
'What's the plane doing?' 'It .... 12 Work in pairs. Look at the comments and think of
photographing the lines, but I can't see a camera. ' situations when you might say these things.
""' It's summer in Europe now, so it ....
winter in Peru . 1 You must have forgotten to plug it in.
- I'd like to walk along the lines, but they 2 They may have lost your application.
.... let people do that. 3 They must be at home .
ticiple
r The figures are so big a plane ....................................................
the 4 You might have dropped it on the way here.
only way to see them properly. 5 He must have forgotten to pick it up.
6 She can't have finished so quickly.
Complete the sentences about the Nasca lines with 7 They might be stuck in traffic.
the past modal form. 8 You must have spent it on something.
ms in
The lines something very special to 13 Imagine you are in the situations in Exercise 12.
the Nasca people. (must I mean) Have conversations that include the comments.
>rrect _ We know water ............................................... ........ easy to find. Take turns to begin .
(can't I be)
3 The water in the area ............................................. A: Oh no! The battery'sflat on my phone
(might I disappear) B: You must have forgotten to plug it in. Do you
hing is People the drawings for fun . want to use mine?
(might I make) A: Thanks, but the number I need is in my contacts- I
g is or - The animal drawings roads. can't rememberit.
(couldn't I be)
6 The animals in the region.
(must I live)
I The Nasca people simple tools.
(could I use)
People ...................................................
the lines carefully.
(must I look after)
IT FOR? .,._ COMPARING IDEAS SURPRISING NEWS 73

my life) A NEWS STORY
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
reading testing a theory • wordbuilding nouns and verbs • critical thinking speculation or fact? •
speaking comparing ideas
6c Lost and found?

Reading Wordbuilding nouns and verbs
1 Look at the photo and the caption. Which of these ..... WORDBUILDING nouns and verbs
statements could be true? Some nouns and verbs have the same form . They can
1 Amelia Earhart was a famous pilot. have similar or unconnected meanings.
2 She flew across the Atlantic Ocean. land - similar; book - unconnected
3 In the photo, she's just landed her plane. For further practice, see Workbook page 51.
4 She lived until she was one hundred years old.
2 Read the first article quickly. Check your ideas 7 Look at the wordbuilding box. Find these words ir
from Exercise 1. the two articles. Are they used as nouns or verbs?
3 Read the second article. Answer the questions. 1 fly (line 1) 5 contact (line 13)
2 land (line 3) 6 plan (line 23)
1 What is the theor y talked about in the article? 3 books (line 8) 7 test (line 26)
2 Which modern scientific technique might give 4 records (line 11) 8 remains (line 35)
an answer to the Earhart mystery?
3 If the new project is successful, what will it prove? 8 Look at the same words in these sentences. Is the
4 What is the biggest problem for the researchers meaning similar to the meaning of the word in
on the new project? Exercise 7?
4 Find these words in the articles. Look at how the 1 Have you got any plans for the weekend?
words are used and try to guess their meaning. 2 We always book our hotel rooms in advance.
Then replace the words in bold in the sentences 3 I tried to contact them yesterday without succes_
(1-6) with these words. 4 Did Amelia Earhart hold any flying records?
5 Everyone did badly in yesterday's English test
attempting (line 2) financing (line 31)
captured (line 17) distinguish (line 67) Critical thinking speculation
samples (line 24) identical (line 70)
or fact?
1 My grandparents are paying for my studies.
2 It's easy to see the difference between a leg
9 Read the definitions. Then decide if the sentences
from the articles report speculation (S) or fact (F).
bone and an arm bone.
3 The doctor took small amounts of my blood to Speculationis having a theory or guessing about
do tests. something.
4 The soldier was caught and put in prison by Facts are items of information that we can check,
the enemy. or show to be true or not true.
5 The cyclist is trying to break the world record. 1 Amelia Earhart[ ... ] was attempting a round-
6 The two brothers look exactly the same to me. the-world flight in 1937.
5 Work in groups. Discuss the questions. 2 Earhart could have landed on a different islan
3 The problem is that the envelopes probably
1 The piece of bone 'might have been from don't contain much DNA.
one of Earhart's fingers'. Are there any other 4 About 99 per cent of the genome is identical
possibilities? among all humans.
2 Is it certain that any saliva on the envelopes is
Earhart's? Why? I Why not? 10 Find one more fact and one more specula tion in
3 Do you think the project will be successful? the articles. Then work in pairs. Do you agree wi lt
your partner's choices?
6 Work in pairs. Complete the summary.
The new project aims to provide a way of
testing 1 ...........................................
.............. . The success of the
Speaking rmylite
project depends on several things. Firstly, that 11 Work in groups. Think of at least three news
the bone is from a 2 ....................... .... ........................ , not a turtle. stories you have heard about recently. Suggest as
Secondl y, that Earhart's saliva still exists on many reasons as you can for what has happened .
3
................. And thirdly, that there is enough
A: Did you see that ... isn't going to make any morefilms.
saliva to 4 .... B: I know! Do you think he/she could be ill?
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
·bs
1rds in
13)
35)
:; the
in
The official US opinion is that Earhart ran out of fuel 10
CID by John Roach and crashed in the Pacific Ocean. The radio records
nee. from a US Coast Guard ship suggest that she must
Amelia Earhart, the first woman to fly solo across the
have been near Howland when contact was lost.
ueeess. Atlantic Ocean, was attempting a round-the -world
ds? fli ght in 1937. She planned to land on the tiny Pacific Another theory says that Earhart cou ld have
n test. Ocean island of Howland just north of the equator . landed and later died on a different island, called 15
_ She never arrived. Exactly what happened to her and Nikumaroro. Nobody lived there.
her navigator, Fred Noonan, is still one of aviation's And another theory says she was captured while on
greatest mysteries. Researchers have spent millions of a secret mission to the Japanese -controlled Marshall
d ollars investigating the case and several books have Islands in the North Pacific and eventually returned
been published that look at the different theories. to the USA with a new identity. 20
enees
:t (F).
might contain her DNA. The remains personal letters, it is believed
1out
Lost and found? of Earhart, her navigator Noonan and
40 their twin-engine plane were never 60 envelopes herself.
that Earhart must have sealed the
leek,
The missing pilot found. But in 2009, researcherswith the
International Group for Historic Aircraft
Meanwhile, geneticist Brenna Henn of
und - cm Recoverydiscovered a piece of bone

Stanford University, USA said she knows
of no other case where DNA has been
by Ker Than on Nikumaroro, which they believed collected from old letters. The problem
islan d Amelia Earhart's dried saliva could 45 might have been from one of Earhart's 65 is that the envelopes probably don't
bly help solve the mystery of the aviator's fingers. However, some scientists have contain much DNA. The project needs
1937 disappearance. Scientists plan to suggested the Nikumaroro bone isn't a big sample to distinguish between
:ical ta ke samples of her DNA from letters human at all but may be from a turtle . Earhart's DNA and that of other living
she wrote and create a genetic profile. The new Earhart DNA project will people because about 99 per cent
This could be used to test recent 50 be organized by Dongya Yang, a 70 ofthe genome is identical among all
min
suggestions that a bone found on the genetic archaeologist at Simon Fraser humans. To make sure that the DNA
eewit h
South Pacific island of Nikumaroro University in Canada. Yang will work on from the letters belonged to Earhart,
is Earhart's. four letters Earhart wrote to her family. the team will compare it to DNA from
Justin Long is a Canadian whose More than 400 of Earhart's letters Earhart's relatives who are still alive and
family is financing part ofthe DNA 55 still exist today. Much of Earhart's 75 also DNA extracted from another letter,
project. He makes the point that at correspondence was dealt with by her written by Earhart's sister.
s secretary. However, with the four
the moment, anyone who finds pieces
;est as
of bones can say that they are Amelia
)ened. genome (n) / 'd3i:n;ium/ the genetic information of each living thing
Earhart'sremains. According to Long,
navigator (n) / 'mev1,ge1t;i / the person who plans the direct ion of a plane or ship
rre films? Earhart'sletters are the only existing
saliva (n) /s;i'la1v;i/ the liquid normally in your mouth
items that are definitely hers and that sealed (adj) /si:Jd/ closed safely so that it's hard to open
COMPARING IDEAS 75

lOMoARcPSD|5974606
real life reacting to surprising news • pronunciation showing interest and disbelief
6d You must be joking!
Real life reacting to surprising 4 April Fools' Day (1 April) is a day when people try
to trick each other in many countries. Do you do
news anything similar in your country?
1 CllJ Listen to three conversa tions about news
item s. Choose the best headlin e (a- b) in each case . 5 Pronunciation showing interest and disbelief
1 a ESC APED SHEEP TAKE OVER LONDON PARK a Cllf) Listen to these expressions for reacting
to surprising news. Notice how the speaker 's
b SHEEP IN GLOBAL WARMING SHOCK intonation rises to show interes t and falls to
show disbelief .
2 a FALSE BANK NOTES ALERT
1 Oh yeah?
b USA TO JOIN THE EURO ZONE
2 Come off it!
'\J
3 a FUEL PRIC ES TO DOUBLE NEXT WEEK
b Cll!IListen to the other expressions for reacting to
surprising news . Repeat the expressions.
b PETROL PRICES HALVED
C Work in pairs. Take turns to respond to these
2 Can yo u reme mb er? Answer the qu estions for statements .
each story.
1 I'm setting off on a round -the-world trip
1 Wha t is the problem?
on Monda y.
2 Does the second speaker believe the first speaker?
2 A meteorite has crashed to Earth in the middle of
3 What is the da te?
Berlin .
3 CllJ Look at the expressions for reac ting to 3 I found a walle t full of money in the street
surp risin g news. Listen to the conversa tions again. this morning.
Put the expressions in ord er (1-9). 4 Biologists have discovered a parrot tha t can spe ak.
three languages.
5 I'm starting a new job tomorrow.
REACTING TO SURPRISING NEWS
Are you serious? 6 Work in pairs. Choose one of the other April Fools'
Are you sure? Day headlines from Exercise 1. Decide what the hoax
Come off it! - the trick - is. Make notes abou t the main points
Come on! of the story. Invent as many details as you wish.
Oh yeah? Prac tise telling the story with your partner.
Really?
That can't be right! 7 Work with a new partner . Take turns to listen and
They must have made a mistake. react to your stories . Use the expressions for reacting
You must be joking! to surprising news to help you . Don't forge t to show
You' re having me on!
interest or disbelief with your intonation .
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
e In the news ·-
riti ng a news story
Work in pairs. Read the news story. Do you think
it is true or not? Work in pairs. Explain your
reasons to your partner.
Writing skill structuring a news story
Read the introductory sentence in the news story

again. Answer the questions.
1 What happened?
2 Who was involved?
3 Where did it happen?
Read the main paragraph and find:

1 how the woman cut the cable.
2 four things that happened after she cut the cable. An elderly Georgian woman has accidentally cut
3 two pieces of background information. through an underground cable and cut off internet
lo services to a whole country, Armenia.
Read the main paragraph again . How are the
events and background details organized? The woman, 75, was digging for metal nea r the
Georgian capital Tbilisi and her spade damaged the
Jelief cable. Unfortunately , Georgia provides 90 per cent
Vocabulary -/y adverbs in stories
of Armenia's internet . Web users in the nation of
Find these adverbs (1-5) in the story. Then match 3.2 million people were left with no internet for up
the adverbs with their meanings (a- e). to five hours. Large parts of Georgia and some areas
of Azerbaijan were also temporarily affected. The
1 accidentally a at once
damage was discovered by an automatic system and a
_ unfortunately b by mistake
security team immediately went to the place where the
3 temporarily c for a short time
cable was cut. The cable is protected, but apparently
-! immediately d it seems
landslides or heavy rain may have left it exposed on
5 apparently e we are sorry to say
the surface . The woman, called 'the spade-hacker' by
ngto local newspapers, was arrested for damaging property.
Cross out any options which are not possible.
She may have to spend up to three years in prison.
1 Apparently, I Quickly, this type of incident is
increasing in Georgia .
2 Fortunately, I Incredibly, nobody was hurt. 5 Write an introductory sentence to summarize
3 Internet services were amazingly I gradually the story . Then number your notes in the order
restored across the region. you will write about them. Include at least three
Idle of -! Coincidentally, I Rapidly, internet services also adverbs where appropriate.
failed in other regions last week.
5 Software providers say hackers deliberatelyI 6 Work on your own. Write your story in about
sadly damaged the ser vice. 150-200 words . Write an interesting headline.
Lspeak 6 Hopefully , I Slowly, the police will release the
woman because of her age. 7 Work with a new partner. Exchange stories. Use
these questions to check your partner's story.
Work in pairs . Decide which of the sentences in
• Did the headline make you interested in
)Ols' Exercise 3b fit into the story and where they fit.
reading the story?
ehoax • Are the facts of the story clear?
You are going to write an April Fools' stor y or a
ltS • Do you think the story is true?
news story that is not true. This can be invented or
l.
it can be a story you have heard. First , make notes
about the main events and the background details
md of the story. Think about what? who? where? and
acting also why? and how?
show
.... WHAT'S IT FOR? SPECULATING COMPARING IDEAS SURPRISING NEWS 77

my life . ._
lOMoARcPSD|5974606

lOMoARcPSD|5974606
efore you watch 5 IClill Work on your own. Watch the video again.
Make notes to answer the questions for each speaker.
How much do you know about these monsters?
1 Where was the eyewitness?
Compare your ideas with the class.
2 What were the weather or water conditions like?
Frankenstein The Loch Ness monster Godzilla
3 How far away from the eyewitness was
Shrek Bigfoot
the monster?
4 What did the monster do?
Key vocabulary 6 Work in groups of three. Compare your notes. Is

there any information still missing? If you need to,
Read the sentences. Try to guess the missing words. watch the video again and check.
1 Don't take the boat out past the red
After you watch
2 Police talked to several ... . . .......................................who saw
the accident. 7 Work in groups of three. Read what the reporter
3 Do camels have one .........................................................
or two? says at the end of the video. Discuss your ideas for
4 Can you switch off the boat's . . possible explanations.
please? It's very noisy. ' ... three remarkable stories, but are there more
5 It's surprising how quickly submarines can plausible explanations before we cry "sea monster"?'
into the water and disappear.
6 There were lots of seabirds following the 8 Vocabulary in context
... of the ferry.
a I Ciif4 Watch the clips from the video. Choose
Read the words in bold and their definitions. the correct meaning of the words and phrases.
The words are used in the video. Complete the
sentences in Exercise 3a with the words. b Complete the sentences in your own words. Then
work in pairs and compare your sentences.
a motor (n) an engine
b buoy (n) a coloured object that floats in water 1 I was on my way to class once when all of a
to indicate danger for boats sudden .. .
c eyewitnesses (n) people who see something 2 Sometimes when I watch TV, I wonder ...
happen, especially an accident, a crime, etc. 3 I spend anywhere between ... hours studying
d hump (n) something that has a round shape English each week
and that sticks out 4 A news story about ... caught my attention last
e wake (n) the waves behind something that week
moves through water
f submerge (v) to go under the surface of water 9 Would you believe a friend if they told you a story
like the ones in the video? Why? I Why not?
While you watch plausible (adj) believable, likely

3 I Clill Work in pairs.
Watch the first part of the remarkable (adj) /n'mo:bbl / unusual, extraordinary
sun deck (n) /'sAndek/ a flat wooden area in a garden
video (0.00-0.51) with the sound OFF. You will
tractor (n) a large farm vehicle
see Bob Iverson explaining something he saw as
an eyewitness. What do you think he's saying to
the reporter?
4 I Clill Watch the video with the sound ON. You
will hear three eyewitness reports in total from
Bob Iverson, Marjory Neal and Richard Smith.
Correct the factual mistakes in the sentences.
All three eyewitnesses ...
1 saw the monster on the same day.
2 saw three or more humps .
3 were in exactly the same place.
4 were alone at the time.
79

lOMoARcPSD|5974606

Grammar Vocabulary
1 Choose the correct options in the text about 4 Complete the sentences with an adverb ending in
Stonehenge. -ly. The first letter is given.
1 I'd love to come for lunch, but u
I'm busy that day.
2 You need to reply to this letter ............................................. .. . . . . .
It's urgent.
3 Oh dear, I've a ......................................................
deleted the email.
How did that happen?
4 I'm working t .....................................as the manager
while my boss is away .
5 We checked our records and a the
package was posted on 2 May.
6 I think the boys arrived late to
miss the test.
5 f>iM:I Work in pairs. Answer as many question s

as you can. The words in bold are in Unit 6.
1 What are false eyelashes?
Stonehenge dates from 3-4,000 years ago. Although 2 What do you understand by the expression
there 1 are I might be no written records from that 'flexible thinker'?
period, some people think Stonehenge 2 can't have I 3 When might you get a reward?
might have been part of King Arthur's court. Others 4 Name two activities you could do all day long
say invaders from Denmark 3 couldn't have I could 5 How many shapes can you name?
have built it or it 4 can I could be the ruins of a Roman 6 Are lines always straight?
building. The larger stones weigh 25 tons and they 7 Give examples of how to use record as a noun
come from about 30 kilometres away from the and as a verb.
site. The smaller stones originate from Wales, 230 8 Is a hoax a person?
kilometres away. 9 What's the difference between a trick and a
puzzle?
Stonehenge 5 is I may be in the shape of a circle and
10 What do you use a spade for?
the stones are p laced 6 so that I to they match the sun's
highest and lowest points in the sky. This has led ICAN
people to suggest that it 7 can't have I could have been a use adverbs end ing in -/yin stories
scientific observa tory or it was designed 8 for I to help
ta lk about different types of drawings
aliens land. On the other hand, others believe it
9
can I may be a kind of cemetery - a place 10 for I talk about mysteries and puzzles
so that burying people. Every year brings new
theories about the true purpose of Stonehenge.
Real life
6 Complete the expressions for reacting to news.
2 Answer the questions about the text in Exercise 1.
1 ..............................................................................................................................
joking!
1 What are three theories about the origins of 2 .....................................................
.. off ........................................................ I
Stonehenge? 3 ...................................................................................................................................
on!
2 What is known about the stones? 4 ....................................................................................................................................
right!
3 What are three theories about the purpose of 5 ...........................................serious?
Stonehenge? 6 . ...................................................................................
sure?
3 mM:I Work in pairs. Which theory about 7 Work in groups. Write surprising sentences about
Stonehenge do you think is the most likely? yourself (true and false). Take turns to read out
Give reasons. your sentences. Use appropriate expressions to
ICAN
react to the sentences about the other people and
try to find out which sentences are true.
use expressions of pu rpose correctl y
talk about events in the present and past that ICAN
are certain or possible (modal verbs) talk about feel ings and personal states

lOMoARcPSD|5974606
-- - ---o - r ----
ing in
er
... the
to
lOn
ylong
noun
da
FEATURES 1 Work in pairs. Look at the photo. Discuss the questions.

1 What can you see in the photo?
82 Before New York 2 Where do you think this photo was taken?
What came before the city? 3 Do you think this is the fish's natural habitat, a temporary
shelter or a permanent home?
84 Homes around the
2 Ilg] Listen to three people talking about different living
world arrangements. Write the number of the speaker (1-3) next to
ws. An architect talks about the statements that summarize their comments.
homes
a I can't wait to leave my parents' house and get
86 Sweet songs and some independence.
b My family's lovely, but I'd like to have my own home and
strong coffee some privacy.
Visit a community in Puerto c My flatmates aren't here much, so it's just like having my
Rico own place really.
d It's cramped and noisy, but at least you're never lonely.
Lbout 90 The town with no wi-fi e Sharing a flat with friends is not as easy as I thought it
>Ut
A video about an unusual would be.
to town f I love living with my mum and dad and brothers. I won't
and leave until I get married.
3 Work in groups. Discuss the questions.

1 Which room do you spend most time in at home?
2 How do different family members use different rooms?
3 Do you consider your home a private place, just for family?
Or do you often have friends round?
PLACES ADVICE A TOURIST DESTINATION CHOICES 81

A DESCRIPTION OF A PLACE
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
vocabulary in the city • reading from farms to skyscrapers • grammar used to, would and past simple •
speaking places
7a Before New York

Vocabulary in the city Reading
1 Work in pairs. Wha t kind of a p lace is New York? Try to describe 4 Work in pairs . Discuss the questions .
New York in three wor d s. Then read the article Before New York
and check your ideas.
2 Complete the sen tences with these words. Which sentences do
you think are true of N ew York? 1 What do you thin k the area that
is now New York was like before
atmosphere blocks built-up financial neighbourhoods the city was built?
public transport residents skyscrapers 2 What kind of people do yo u
think live d there?
1 There's an exce llent .....................................................................................
sys tem to ge t you 3 Wh at kind of land scapes do you
around the city. think there were?
2 It's got an importa nt business and ... . .........................dis trict.
3 It's one of the mos t .... mm places you can live, with few 5 Rea d the article again. Answer the
open spaces. questions in your own words .
4 The views from the are spec tacular, especially at night. 1 What's the connection betwee n
5 There's lots to do, both for tourists and . . Eric San d erson and the image
6 Some ........................................... are more dangerous than others. with the article?
7 The ................................is exciting and lively. 2 Wha t did San d erson aim to d o
8 The streets divide the city into . . wi th his projec t?
3 Why do you think the
3 Write sentences about places yo u know wit h the wor d s appearance of the beaver in 200/
from Exercise 2.
I
was impor tant for Sanderso n?
I-
Of all the visitors to New York City in recent In fact, long before the skyscrapers came to
years, one of the most surprising was a dominate the view, this place was a pristine
beaver which appeared one morning in 2007. wilderness where animals like beavers, bears
Although beavers used to be common in the and turkeys would move freely through
area in the seventeenth century, and people forests, marshes and grassland . There used to
used to hunt them for their skins, there haven't be sandy beaches along the coasts and ninety
been any for more than two hundred years. kilometres of fresh-water streams .
For ecologist Eric Sanderson, the beaver's At the end of Sanderson's project, he built
appearance was especially interesting. For a 3D computer model of the area . (See the
ten years, Sanderson has been in charge of a top photo on the right.) You can pick any
project to show what the area used to look spot in modern New York and see what used
like before the city changed it completely. As to be there . Take Fifth Avenue, for exa mple.
Sande rson says, 'There are views in this city A family called Murray used to have a farm
where you cannot see, except for a person, here and in 1782 (during the American War
another living thing . Not a t ree or a plant. of Independence) the British soldiers landed
How did a place become like that? ' near here. 'I'd like every New Yorker t o know
that they live in a place with amazing natu ral
potential - even if you have to look a litt le
prist ine (adj) /'pnsti: n/ pure, as new
harder to see it,' says Sanderson.
wilderness (n) /'wdda nas/ an area in a comp letely
nat ural state

lOMoARcPSD|5974606
ammar used to, would and 9 Rewrite the sentences using used to + infinitive
where possible.
ast simple
1 New York was a lot greener than it is now.
USED TO 2 The early residents didn't live in a large city.
=>eople used to hunt beavers for their skins. b
3 People farmed the land.
: - he Murray family used to have a farm here. a 4 Farmers hunted wild animals for food.
estions.
: - here didn't use to be any skyscrapers. b 5 Soldiers fought an important battle on the island.
York 6 What was in the area where Fifth Avenue is now?
- N hat did New York use to look like? a
that WOULD 10 Complete the text with the past simple, used to or
Z-=avers, bears and turkeys would move freely. would form of the verbs. In some cases, you can use
more than one form.
-: · f urther information and practice, see page 168.
OU
I remember when I first 1 (move) to New
_ook at the grammar box and the article. York from California with my parents. Every day for
:io you
- -nderline the sentences in the article with used the first month, I 2 (stand) in the street
·o and would. Do they refer to past habits and and stare up at the skyscrapers. They 3 ....
er the sta tes or to single actions in the past? (be) taller than anything I'd ever seen. The streets
;. (be) much busier than in California
....ook at the article again. Find three examples of and I s ............. (run) from one side to the other
ween 5ingle actions in the past. What is the verb form? holding my mother's hand. For the first few months,
1age
we 6 .......................................................
(not I go) further than four blocks
....ook at the grammar box. Match the sentences
from home. My parents 7 (not I own) a
to do ·ith used to (1-4) with the uses (a-b). Then
car, so on Sunday mornings we 8 (take)
a tch the sentence with would with its use.
the subway to Central Park. We 9 (have)
past state 10
breakfast at a lovely deli and then we ......................................................... .
in 2007 _ past habit (repeated action) (go) skating. The city 11 (be) a lot more
son? dangerous and scary then.
:J ter Generated Image (top) by Markley Boyer 11 Complete the sentences with the past simple, used to or
would so that they are true for you. Then work in pairs.
Compare your sentences and ask follow-up questions
about three of the sentences .
1 Before I worked/ studied here, I ... .
2 When I was in primary school, I ... .
3 Before we moved here, my family ... .
4 I remember my first holiday. I ....
5 Whenever I had exams at school, I .. . .
6 In my family, at weekends we .. . .
7 The first time I went to school alone, ... .
8 As a child, I ... .
Speaking my life
12 Choose two places from the list. How have the places
changed? Make notes for then and now.
• my street • my school
• myhome • my village I my town
• my classroom
my street: then - lots of cars; now - residentsonly
13 Work in pairs. Tell each other about the places you
chose in Exercise 12. Use used to and would. Decide
which places have changed the most and whether they
are better now than they were in the past.
A: There used to be a lot of cars in my street, but now only
residentscan park on it.
B: What do visitorsdo? Can they drive up to your house?
IQt.jl!§j ADVICE A TOURIST DESTINATION CHOICES 83

:ny life A DESCRIPTION OF A PLACE
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
listening house design • grammar comparison: adverbs • grammar comparison: patterns • speaking advice
7b Homes around the world
Listening 4 CllII Listen again and complete the

sentences .
1 Look at the photos of four homes . What are the y made of?
1 Traditional houses usually surviv e
bricks cloth rock wood bad weather conditions bette r
than modern ones.
2 Rock homes heat up less quickly
2 Think of a question you'd like to ask each home owner. Then than ... brick houses wichj is great
work in pairs . Tell your partner .
3 You can put up ager much faster
3 CllIIMarta Fereira presents the TV series Hom e Planet . thana brick or wooden house
Read the questions (a-e) that viewers have sent in to the 4 You can live much more safely
programme's website . Then listen and match Marta's podcast above the the water
replies (1-5) with the questions . 5 Modern houses are getting smalle r
and smaller
a Why are you so interested in traditional house design? 1 6 Unfortunately, sometimes
b We live in a new house that my dad calls a 'box' . What do modern houses are als o
you think of the design of modern houses? 5 built badly .
c Why are some types of house more common in some areas 7 Modern houses don't work
of the world than in others? 4 as efficiently as
d You mentioned shelters in your last programme . What's
the difference between a shelter and a home? 2
e I'd like to stay in a ger, but they look a bit basic . What are 5 Which of the homes in the photos
they reallyDescargado
like? 3por Ismael Christian Achahui Vilca (draking_live_96@hotmail.com)
would you like to spend time in? Why-
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
rammar comparison: adverbs Grammar comparison: patterns

COMPARATIVE ADVERBS ..... COMPARATIVE PATTERNS
""dverb Comparative forms Modern houses are getting smaller and smaller.
: Jickly!easily more quickly/easily (than) House prices are going up more and more quickly.
less quickly/easily (than) And the higher the stilts, the safer you are.
not as quickly/easily as
as quickly/easily as For further information and practice, see page 168.
ot e: well - better, badly - worse, fast - faster

10 Look at the grammar box. Which sentences
=or further information and practice, see page 168. describe change? Which sentence describes two
related things?
Look at the grammar box. Underline the
11 Read what two people say about where they live.
comparative adverbs in the sentences in Exercise 4.
Underline comparative patterns similar to the ones
Read the three sentences. Do they mean the same in the grammar box.
thin g? Do you agree with the sentences? Josef: As this building gets older, things go wrong
1 A brick house heats up more quickly than a more and more often. But living in a block of
rock house. flats is really good because I don't have to worry
A rock house heats up less quickly than a brick about repairs and things. Everyone pays an
house. amount each month, so the greater the number of
3 A rock house doesn't heat up as quickly as a residents , the lower the monthly payment is.
brick house. Sandra: We're all students. So for us, the cheaper
the place, the better. We don't have as much
Complete the text about house sales and rentals in money as people who are working. Rents are
the UK with the comparative form of the adverbs. getting higher and higher, but you can still rent
more cheaply than buy .
•
Fi!i!.i!A Properties About Contact --=:ti 12 Complete what two more people say. Use
comparative patterns.
Last year, terraced houses sold 1 .. Marcus: Neighbours! The 1 .......................................................................................
(quickly) than flats, but one-bedroom flats did (few I good), I say. In my old flat, I used to have
(well) with young buyers. noisy people living right above me and I got
2
The number of large houses for rent rose ............... (angry) as the months went
.......................................................................
(fast) than other types of home .
by. So I moved into my own house and life is much
quieter now.
Sales of large flats did 4 ...
Frances: I love having a garden, but it's a lot of
(badly) than in previous years. So what does this work - so the 3 (small I good),
he mean for you? You can now rent a large house I think . As time passes, the garden gets untidy
4
.. (cheaply) than ever before , but (quickly), until in the end I
if you're trying to sell yours , you probably won' t have to do something about it.
rive
fi nd a buyer 6 (easily) as in
previous years. Renting it out is a good alternative , Speaking
ly so come and talk to us today.
13 Work in groups of four. Discuss ways of doing these
er things . What advice would you give someone who
wanted to do each one?
1 learn English more quickly
2 do better in exams
Lller 3 live more cheaply
9 Write sentences comparing the pairs of things . Then
look at your partner's sentences . Do you agree? 4 eat more healthily
5 spend more wisely
tlso 1 young people I older people (drive carefully) 6 shop more sensibly
Older people drive more carefullythan young people.
2 girls I boys (do well in exams) A: I think you can learn English more quickly if you
3 children I adults (learn quickly) go to live in an English-speakingcountry.
4 women I men (work hard) B: I agree. You won't learn as quickly if you stay at
5 Americans I British people (speak slowl y) home. You won't meet native English speakers as
6 I I my friends (sing badly) easily, for example.
Vhy?
life)
PLACES 1.mmii TOURIST DESITINATION CHOICES 85
DESCRIPTION A PLACE
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
reading a little town in Puerto Rico • wordbuilding noun - adjective • critical thinking descriptions •
speaking a tourist destination
7c Sweet songs and strong coffee

Reading Critical thinking descriptions
1 Think of one word to describe your home town . 8 The writer aims to 'paint' a picture of Adjuntas in
Tell the class. the reader's mind. Which descriptions in the article
helped you to build a mental picture of Adjuntas?
2 Read the article about a town in Puerto Rico. What Underline words and phrases in the article.
is the article mainly about? Choose the C9frect
option (a-c). 9 Work in pairs. Compare the words you have
a daily life and work underlined with your partner . Do you think the
b festivals and holidays writer has been successful in her aims?
c people and traditions
10 Add descriptions to each sentence to help the
3 Which paragraph gives information about: reader build a mental image. Then exchange
sentences with your partner.
a what life used to be like in Adjuntas?
b a traditional activity that people still do? 1 The village is in the forest.
c a new activity that people have learned to do? The tiny village is in the heart of the dense forest.
d what the town looks like? 2 The houses are small.
3 You can walk through the streets .
4 Work in pairs . What can you remember about 4 The village centre is full of people.
these things in Adjuntas? 5 People are working everywhere you look.
1 the horses 3 Lala Echevarria 6 From one building, you can hear music.
2 the town square 4 Tato Ramos
5 What do you think of Adjuntas as a place to live? Speaking my life
Or a place to go on holiday? Tell your partner and
give reasons using information from the article. 11 Work in pairs. Choose a place that you both kno w
I·
i
well and that is attractive to tourists . Plan and
prac tise a short presentation to persuade people
Wordbuilding noun adjective to visit the des tination . Use descriptions that help
people to imagine the place . Talk about:
llll- WORDBUILDING noun - adjective
• the best things to see
We can make adjectives from nouns by add ing a suffi x
such as -a/ or -ic. Spelling changes are sometimes needed .
• the best things to do
nature - natural, person - persona l, art ist - artistic • the best places to eat
For further practice, see Wo rkboo k page 59. 12 Work in small groups . Give your presentation .
Ask and answer follow-up questions .
6 Look at the wordbuilding box . Find the adjectives A: ... and finally, don't leave the area without trying
in the article that are formed from these nouns . the food at the Golden Lion. It's delicious and
not expensive.
1 romance (line 10) 2 nation (line 16) B: Can you tell me what kind of restaurantthe
Golden Lion is?
7 Complete the sentences with adjecti ves formed by
adding -al or -ic to the nouns.
II benefit
fact
centre
hist ory
coast
natu re
eco nomy
o rigi n
energy
perso n
1 The farmer never stops working. He's

. . ..... ...........................................
.... and enthusiastic .
2 The .......................................... .............. part of the island is quite flat
and the ........................................................part is mountainous.
3 Opening the forest park was ... ................... for
the villagers and the wildlife.
4 We saw lots of birds in their .... .......................................habitat.
5 The ...................................... ..................crisis hasn' t affected business.
6 The ......................................................... area of the city around the
old marketDescargado is worth por Ismael Christian Achahui Vilca (draking_live_96@hotmail.com)
visiting.
.r..4.r..4·1·
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
,y,. #//
ISTRONG COFFEE
sin
rticle here's a dreamy atmosphere to Adjuntas, a
tas? coffee town in the Valley Qf the Sleeping Giant
high in the mountains of Puerto Rico. And
:., ere's love, the love of the people for their land and
""3 customs. People here say their families have lived
he -er e 'since forever'. You feel this love in the streets,
· h the smell of food cooked at roadside barbecues .
·ou see it in the beautiful horses that parade through
:::>wn on holidays. And you feel it as you sit in the
:irge, elegant square, with its romantic fountains and
scon e benches.
decades ago, this love of land also led
:., e local people to prevent a mining development in
:st. :n e surrounding mountains. They used money from
:., e area's successful coffee production to provide
-- e money for a national park, El Bosque del Pueblo.
e park opened in 1998 and runs a reforestation
::'o gramme allowing young and old to plant trees.
_earning to manage the forest has been a kind of
-ew life for us,' said Tinti Deya, a local resident.
1:'s another world where we're like children doing
::'lerything for the first time, except in our case
·, e're grandmothers.'
no w
:: randmothers are everywhere in Adjuntas and
:., ey're all respectfully addressed as Dofia. Lala
:>le
=chevarria, an 85-year-old great-great-grandmother,
help :as born on the oldest street in town, where she
ill lives in a small, neat and tidy home. Dofia Lala
:;rew up before electricity and running water, and
' emembers when the first car arrived in Adjuntas .
.\s a child, I used to spend all my time carrying water,
- nding firewood, looking after the chickens and the
l.
:ows,' she said. 'There were sixteen of us. We would
ash our clothes in the river and we used to cook on
:in open fire. At meal times, we kids would sit on the
ing 4oo r to eat.' Dofia Lala was working as a maid when
she met and married the love of her life, Mariano
:h e mechanic. They had thirteen children and shared
before he died in 1983. She shows me the
ozens of photographs of four generations of her
.:amily that now fill her tiny home.
=>eople in Adjuntas play old traditional songs in little
shops like Lauro Yepez's place, where men meet to
swap stories and have a drink. When I was there,
-ato Ramos, a local singer, appeared and began
i:O sing in a flamenco style that hasn't changed for
centuries. The shop quickly filled with working -class
men clapping, tapping and nodding to the music.
improvised songs on topics requested by
shop customers. 'This is a forgotten art,' said Yepez.
'People give him a topic and he composes a song, in
proper rhyme.'
ater, I played the recording I'd made for my 88-year-
old Spanish father, who has Alzheimer's disease. His
dar k brown eyes shone with recognition. He nodded
his head, smiled, and said, 'Oh yes, this I remember,
t his I remember .. .'
PLACES ADVICE ... _A TOURIST DESTINATION CHOICES 87

my life A DESCRIPTION OF A PLACE
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
I --1
Real life stating preferences 4 Work in pairs. Can you remember the reasons for
the speakers ' preferences? Compare your ideas .
and giving reasons Then check in the audioscript on page 185.
1 Work in pairs. Write a checklist of things you
should think about when you are looking for 5 Pronunciation rising and falling intonation
somewhere to live . a to this question . Notice how the
2 CllilJListen to a conversation at an estate agent's . intonation rises then falls .
Does the woman mention the things on your
?
Would you rather live in a town or a village?
checklist? What four things does she specify?
b CllmJ Listen and repeat the questions .
3 CllilJLook at the expressions for stating
preferences. Listen to the conversation again. 1 Do you prefer playing football or basketball?
Complete the expressions. 2 Would you rather have tea or coffee?
3 Do you prefer summer or winter?
4 Would you rather go by car or by bike?
..... STATING PREFERENCES 5 Do you prefer maths or science?
I think I'd rather ...........................................than ...........................................
, for now 6 Would you rather eat fish or meat?
anyway .
C Work in pairs . Add at least six more pairs of items
I'd prefer .....................................................................................
, but not too
to the list in Exercise Sb. Take turns to ask and
So, two bedrooms, and preferably with ...
answer about your preferences .
6 Work in groups of three . Where would you rath er

Would you rather ... live? Ask and answer questions using these
places or ones?
ideas . Explain your reasons . Do you think your
To be honest , I prefer ..........................................to .........................................
. preferences will change in the future?
I must say I prefer living ..........................................
.
1 In a new house or an old one?
I haven't got a car. I prefer to ...........................................or .......................................
...
2 In a city or in a village?
3 In a town centre or in the suburbs?
4 At the coast or in the mountains?
5 In a historic area or a new development?
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
e A great place
riti ng a description of a place Word focus as and like
·• Read the text. Where do you think it's from? 4 Look at these two extracts from the text. Choose
Choose one of the options (a-c). the correct option. Then find two more examples
of as and like which have these meanings.
a a personal blog
an estate agent's website 1 ... and like many other historic city-centre
a tourist information website neighbourhoods, it has ...
It is similar to I It is many historic city-centre
How does the writer describe these things? neighbourhoods.
streets and buildings shops facilities 2 As a person who lives in a city, I know ...
local residents atmosphere I am similar to I I am a person who lives in a city.
5 Find two other examples of as and like in the text.
Match the examples with these meanings.
1 because
2 for example
6 Complete the sentences with as and like.

1 ........... a life-long resident of my town, I take
pride in our community.
2 I love modern shopping malls ... ........... this.
Sandgate is in the heart of the city and like many 3 It's ideal ...........................................a holiday destination.
other historic city-centre neighbourhoods, it has 4 Our public library is ........................................a palace.
a lot of charm. The streets are picturesque, full of
5 ...........................................all good cafes, the one in my village
s for fascinating old shops in gorgeous buildings.
has a great atmosphere.
:as. As there's so much to do within walking distance, 6 The old buildings, ...........................................the town hall,
you won't need to use a car very often. There's are beautiful.
the usual variety of bars, restaurants, leisure
1tion centres, and so on that you'd expect in a city. For 1 You are going to write a description of your own
families, there are great parks (like Greenfields), an neighbourhood. Make notes using the headings in
excellent public library and good schools close by.
Exercise 3a. Use these words or your own ideas.
As a person who lives in a city, I know that city
people can often have a reputation for being cold a bit limited a good range close to ...
and unfriendly. In Sandgate , however, there's a easy access to . . . elegant excellent modern
real sense of community. The locals, a mix of unfriendly welcoming
older residents and new arrivals, say it's almost
111? like living in a village.
8 Decide on the order of the paragraphs in your
House prices are reasonable for this type of area
description. Then write about 150-200 words.
and , really, Sandgate seems to be perfect both as
a place to live in and a place to visit.
9 Use these questions to check your description.
• Are your ideas clearly organized into
paragraphs?
terns 3 Writing skill organizing ideas • If you've included as or like, have you used
i a Read the text again. Write the number of the them correctly?
paragraph (1-4) next to the heading. There is one • Does your description give the reader a clear
extra heading . picture of your neighbourhood?
tther
a What kind of place is Sandgate? 4 10 Read a description a classmate has written about
Jr b What are the bad points? 3 their neighbourhood. Would you like to move
c Overall opinion? 1 there or not? Give your reasons.
d What kind of people live there? 3
e What can you do there? 2
Where is the best place in the text to include a
paragraph with the extra heading from Exercise 3a?
PLACES ADVICE A TOURIST DESTINATION CHOICES 89

my life ... --
A DESCRIPTION OF A PLACE
lOMoARcPSD|5974606

lOMoARcPSD|5974606
efore you watch 5 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions.

1 What does quiet zone mean exactly?
1 You're going to watch a video about a town in the
2 What does the NRAO do in Green Bank?
USA that has no wi-fi or mobile phones. What would
be the main change in your life if you didn't have 6 I Cfll Watch the first part of the video
wi-fi? Would it be good or bad? (0.00-0.59) again. Check your ideas from
Exercise 4. What do the people say?
2 The speakers in the video use American English.
Match the American English terms with similar 1 Artie Barkley says he just listens to
British English terms.
2 Michael Holstine says that to . .
American English British English the radio atmosphere, Congress created the
cell/cellular phone city centre National Radio Quiet zone.
Congress Parliament 3 Karen O'Neil says if you have a radio
downtown mobile phone in an area of lots of radio noise,
gasoline petrol the signal you're looking for is destroyed.
store shop
7 I Cfll Watch the second part of the video
(1.00 to the end) again. Answer the questions.
3 Key vocabulary
1 Which ONE of these modern conveniences
a Read the sentences. The words in bold are used in the is it OK to use in Green Bank?
video. Guess the meaning of the words.
gasoline engines cellular phones
1 Jack built his house to his own design- diesel engines automatic door
it's certainly unique! wi-fi modems openers
2 I'd love to have a telescope to see the stars at night. cordless phones digital cameras
3 I can't call you from the beach because there's no
phone signal. 2 Why would it be difficult to create a new
4 The heavy traffic badly affects the city's atmosphere. radio quiet zone?
5 I've looked all over the house for the cordless
phone, but I can't find it.
After you watch
Match the words in bold in Exercise 3a with
these definitions. 8 Vocabulary in context
a a piece of equipment that makes distant things a I CWJfj Watch the clips from the video. Choose
seem closer the correct meaning of the words and phrases.
b radio waves which are sent or received
c special and different from any others
b Answer the questions in your own words.
d the air in a certain place or area Then work in pairs and compare your answers.
e without a cable or wire attached to it 1 How many world-class sportspeople can
you name?
hile you watch 2 Have you ever met anyone who is just like
someone you know?
I CIJI Watch the video . Complete the sentences 3 What 's life like in your community?
with the names of the people you see.
9 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions.
Artie Barkley Joyce Nelson 1 Do the residents of Green Bank seem happy
Karen O'Neil Michael Holstine to live there? Give your reasons.
2 How would you feel about living in a quiet
1 ......... and ....................................................................................
are zone like Green Bank?
residents of the quiet zone (QZ) in Green Bank,
West Virginia . diesel (n) /'di:zgl/ a type of fuel used in lorries and
2 ... works as the Business Manager some cars
of the National Radio Astronomy Obser vatory Milky Way (n) /,m1lki 'we1/ the galaxy that contains our
(NRAO) in Green Bank. solar system
3 . . is the Site Director of the modern conveniences (n) /,modgn bn'vi:nignsn/ objects
National Radio Astronom y Observatory (NRAO) that make our lives much easier
in Green Bank. obliterated (adj) fa'bl1tgre1tgd/ completely destroyed
or removed
optical (adj) /'opt1kgJ/ visual
91

lOMoARcPSD|5974606

Grammar Vocabulary
4 Which is the odd one out in each group? Why?
1 bricks, igloo, wood
2 run-down, skyscrapers, traffic
3 flat, house, neighbourhood
4 built-up, polluted, residents
5 garden, town, village
5 f>iM:I You are an estate agent with an important

house to sell - your own. Make notes on your
home and the area that it's in. Decide on a
price. Then try to sell your home to one of your
classmates.
1 Look at the photo of rooftop golf. Then complete ICAN

the text. Use comparative forms and patterns of talk about cities
adjectives and adverbs. Use the past simple and talk about places to live
used to form of the verbs.
I've never heard of rooftop golf before. I suppose Real life
that as cities get 1 .................................................................................. (big I big),
people live a long way from golf courses. When 6 Choose the correct option. Then match the two
I was a kid I 2 ............... (live) in a block of flats parts of the exchanges.
with a basement car park. During the day, the
car park 3 (be) almost empty, so we 1 I'd rather I I prefer to live on my own .
A:
11
I
4
(play) football there. Obviously, we 2 Where would you rather go I to go?
A:
I'd ratherI I prefer the country to the coast.
rnrn
3 A:
played 5 .......... (well) on a real field and
I prefer living I live near my family.
rn rn
we couldn't kick the ball 6 4 A:

(as I hard I as) when we played outside, but 5 I'd ratherI I prefer visit a few more places
A:
first.
we 7 ................................. ......... (not mind). Having the
6 A: I'd ratherI I'd prefer a bigger kitchen.
basement meant we could play 8 ....
(often). These days in cities, gyms seem to be a B: What's wrong with this flat?
9
(more I more I popular) .
............................................... b B: Are you looking for a flat-share?
I suppose people spend a lot of time sitting at desks c B: I can show you a fantastic beach house .
or in cars. And 10 ... . ...................(less I active) d B: This flat is nice. Are you going to take it?
they are, 11 .......... rnrn (healthy) they feel. Gyms e B: I don't fancy looking around the city centre .
have taken the place of open spaces in a lot of cities. f B: Are you going to live near your work?
I 2 Answer the questions about the text in Exercise 1. 7 mM:I Work in groups. Ask and answer
1 What are the advantages and disadvantages of questions about your preferences. Give reasons
I for your answers.
playing football in the car park?
2 Why are gyms popular in cities?
fruit or cake rice or pasta
3 Write comments about the photo with a jazz or pop snow or sun
comparative form or pattern of the adverb or mornings or evenings spring or autumn
adjective. Then compare your sentences with your
partner. ICAN
1 hit the ball I on a normal golf course (carefully) ask about preferences
2 get I to the edge (close) state preferences and give reasons
3 practise I want to (often)
4 play I up there (well)
5 reach the target I each day (accurately)
6 hit the ball I go (harder I further)
ICAN
talk about past states and past habits (used to , would)
compare things and descr ibe a process of change
(comparat ive adverbs, comparative patterns w ith
adverbs and adjectives)
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
r?
rtant
Jr
st.
s
Tourists take photos of an
emperor penguin on the frozen
Amundsen Sea in Antarctica.
(1 'ta
FEATURES 1 Work in pairs. Look at the photo. Discuss the questions.

? 1 What kind of holiday do you think this is? Why?
94 Holidays and 2 Do you think the people do this kind of trip often? Why? I
t1tre.
memories Why not?
Writers return to their roots 3 Would you like to take a trip like this?
s 96 Walking for wildlife

2 IDI Listen to three people talking about travel. Write the
number of the speaker (1-3) next to the things they talk about.
Mike Fay: a personal
approach to saving being on planes planning
wild places business trips a round-the-world trip
day trips taking local buses and trains
98 All aboard! delays travelling for work
luggage weekends away
A report on global tourism
102 Questions and 3 IDI Listen again. Each speaker shares a travel tip. What are
answers their tips? Discuss the tips with your partner.
A video about National 4 Which countries or cities have you been to? Find people in
Geographic Explorers' lives your class who have had similar experiences to you.
A: Have you been to Vietnam?
B: Yes, we had a holiday there last year.
A: Me too! Where did you go?
HOLIDAY COMPANIONS FAVOURITE ACTIVITIES GOING GREEN TRAVEL PROBLEMS 93

my life A TEXT MESSAGE
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
vocabulary holiday activities • reading writers return to their roots •

grammar verb patterns: -ing form and to + infinitive • listening and speaking holiday companions
Sa Holidays and memories

Vocabulary holiday activities
1 Work in pairs. Why did you choose the
destination of your most recent holiday? Tell
your partner.
saw the place on TV

followed a friend's recommendation
wanted to visit somewhere new
wanted to return to a place I know
went to visit family/friends
2 Work in pairs . Match the activities (1-6)

with the examples (a-f). What do you enjoy
doing when you go on holiday? Give your
own examples.
1 taking it easy
2 going sightseeing
3 having new experiences
I 4
5
being active
learning new things
I 6 spending time with friends or family
I
a
b
hiking in the mountains
lying on the beach
cm
c playing board games D Lucy Chang
d riding on a camel I step off the train in Taipei and follow the crowd int o
e taking a painting course Shilin, one of the city's most famous night markets.
f visiting famous monuments Brightly-lit red, white and yellow signs are swinging
above the market stalls. I'm not very good at reading
Chinese characters, in spite of being from Taiwan
Reading originally . Stall holders call out to me. It's my first visit
here and I'm too embarrassed to speak. Back home in
3 Look at the photo with the article. Which of London, I learned to say a few words, but right now r-
these things (a-c) do you think it shows? mind is blank. It's not a good start to my trip.
a a coastline
b a market
lfJ Liz Mullan
Arriving at Belfast International Airport is always
c a village emotional. It feels like home. We head north to some
4 Read the article and answer the questions. of Europe's highest ocean cliffs. After a couple of
hours, we're standing on the Giant's Causeway. The
1 Where are the writers from and what are wind almost blows us off the rocks into the North
their destinations? . Atlantic Ocean. I look west towards home and imagi n£
2 Which writers haven't been to these sailing across this wild ocean to Canada, like my great-
places before? grandfather did in 1890. We planned to walk along
3 Which writer has problems with coast like last time, but it's raining hard so we decide -:
the language? find a cafe and hot food. Maybe tomorrow will bring
4 Which writer travels with his / her parents? the sun.
5 Which writer has to change his / her plans?
Why?
D Frank Rossellini
When I was a child, my parents always promised to
5 Which activities in Exercise 2 did the three take me to Sicily one day. Finally, when they are both
writers do? in their eighties, we have managed to get here. In
this tiny village, we sit down to a dinner with lots of
aunts, uncles and cousins. Eating together is still the
most important part of the day here. After enormous
plates of sausage, pasta, salads and homemade bread
everyone enjoys telling us stories of the friends and
family members who left for New York decades earlie ·
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
rammar verb patterns: -ing 9 IDJ Complete the conversation about with the
-ing form and to + infinitive form of the verbs.
orm and to + infinitive Then listen and check.
VERB PATTERNS: -ING FORM and TO + INFINITIVE Rose: Hi there, I'm Rose.
Matt: Hi, I'm Matt.
-ing form
imagine sailing across this wild ocean to Canada. Rose: Is this your first time in Corfu?
Eating together is important. Matt: No, actually. We come every year. We love
1
"m not very good at reading Chinese characters . mm... (stay) here.
Rose: So do we. We keep 2 ....................................................(come)
to+ infinitive
back year after year. It's hard 3 .................................... ......................
\lly parents always promised to take me to Sicily.
(find) somewhere with everything you
'm too embarrassed to speak.
need for a holiday- great beaches, fantastic
=or further information and practice, see page 170. weather and something for everyone to do.
Matt: I know. Actually, there's a paragliding class
Look at the grammar box. Choose the correct later - I fancy 4 (try) that.
option to complete these sentences. Then find an Rose: My friends want 5 .... (do) that
example of each use in the article. too! To be honest, 6 (lie) by the

pool is my idea of a holiday.
1 We use the -ing form of the verb after certain Matt: Oh, I get a bit bored with 7 .....
verbs, as the subject of a sentence and after (do) that after the first day or two. I need
adjectivesI prepositions. 8
....................................(move) around and do things.
2 We use to + infinitive form of the verb after Rose: Well, why not? It's a different way of
certain verbs and after adjectivesI prepositions. 9
.................................(relax), I suppose.
Matt: Yes, that's right. Well, if you decide

Each option in these sentences is grammatically
10 (go) paragliding with your
possible but one option isn't true, according to the
friends, we'll see you there!
article. Which one?
1 Lucy Chang describedI finishedI mentionedgoing
to the market.
Listening and speaking FmY lite
I into 2 Lucy Chang needs I manages I wants to speak 10 ID) Listen to people talking about holidays and
ts. Chinese. complete the sentences. Do you think they would
ng 3 Liz Mullan adores I avoids I loves going to be good holiday companions for you? Which
:ling Ireland. person would you prefer to go on holiday with?
4 Liz Mullan expectedI intendedI threatenedto
visit walk along the coast. 1 I enjoy ... .
1e in 5 Frank Rossellini' s parents plannedI refusedI 2 I quite fancy ... .
DW rr wanted to travel to Sicily. 3 I don't mind ... .
6 Frank Rossellini fails I hopes I intends to return to 4 I'd like .. ..
the village. 5 I can't afford . . . .
6 I'm quite keen on ....
8 Choose the correct option to complete the 7 I don't like ....
ome sentences. Then work in pairs. Tell your partner 8 I'm interested in ....
which sentences you agree with. 9 I can't stand ... .
1e 10 I'm happy ... .
1 TravellingI To travel by train is usually pleasant.
agine 2 Good hotels are easy finding I to find. 11 Think about how you would complete the
1reat- 3 CyclingI To cycle can be a good way of seeing a sentences in Exercise 10. Then talk to people in
1g th e new city. your class and find someone who would make a
:ide tc 4 SleepingI To sleep on a plane can be difficult. good holiday companion.
ring 5 Some hotels are too expensive staying I
to stay in. 12 Work with your holiday companion and decide
6 I'm interested in trying I to try new things what kind of holiday to have. Tell the class:
on holiday. • where and when you would go
0
7 Going I To go on holiday with friends is • how you'd get there
10th
always fun. • where you'd stay
l
8 I get fed up with spendingI to spend every day • what you'd do there and why
of
he on the beach.
IOUS
·ead,
id
ulier .
back
my life J HOLIDAY COMPANIONS

TEXT MESSAGE
FAVOURITE ACTIVITIES GOING GREEN TRAVEL PROBLEMS 95

lOMoARcPSD|5974606
listening a wildlife conservationist • grammar present perfect simple and continuous •

grammar How long ... ? • speaking favourite activities
Sb Walking for wildlife

Mike Fay, a conservationist
whose work makes a difference
trekked 10,000 kilometres in Africa and
North America
counted giant redwood trees in North America,

elephant populations in central Africa
created 13 national parks in Gabon
protected thousands of elephants

from poachers
survived a malaria attack, an

elephant attack, a plane crash
poacher (n) /'p:iutf:i /
flown over the African
someone who catches and
continent for an aerial survey kills animals illegally
survey (n) /'s3:ve1/ the
uploaded thousands of measuring and recording
photos to Google Earth of the details of an area
of land
helped to create a marine trek (v) /trek / make a long
••• park off the Gabon coast and difficult journey
Listening 4 Clll1Listen to the extract again and choose

the correct option to complete the sentences.
1 What kind of work does a conservationist do? What is
1 Recently, Fay has been flying I walking
their main aim?
across Canada.
2 Look at the information about Mike Fay. Do you think 2 Mining companies have been lookingfor I
he's a typical conservationist? Why? I Why not? producinggold and oil.
3 Mining companies have been digging up I
probablynot, because he's tre.kked 10,000 kilometresand has destroyingvast areas.
had some dangerous/excitingexperiences 4 In Gabon, people have been askingI trying
3 CID Listen to an extrac t from a radio programme to set up mines near parks.
about Mike Fay. Complete the sentences. 5 Work in pairs. Would you like to spend a year
1 Mike Fay's work is abou t saving the last working with Mike Fay? Why? I Why not?
.......................................................................
on Earth.
2 He's spent a total of more than ....
years of his life on treks.
3 His usual luggage is a T-shirt, a pair of shorts and a
4 He's walked in Africa, the United States and
5 He's worried about how ......................................................................

people
will affect theDescargado
planet. por Ismael Christian Achahui Vilca (draking_live_96@hotmail.com)
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
rammar present perfect 9 Match the travel prepara tion activities (1- 6) with
the res ult s (a- f). Then wri te two sentenc es.
simple and continuous
I've been buying holiday clothes. I've spent a fortune.
PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE and CONTINUOUS
1 buy holiday clothes
perfect simple 2 look for cheap flights
.'/hen you've walked across half of Africa and you've 3 talk to trave l age nts
valked up the west coast of North America, where do 4 download touris t informa tion
·ou go next?
5 pack m y suitcase
- hey' ve destroyed hundreds of square kilometres of
6 prac tise u seful phrases in Thai
ilderness.
perfect continuous a be on the pho ne all m orning
::ecently he's been walking again , this time b spen d a for tune
:;cross Canada. c run out of space
-e hasn't been taking it easy! d n ot learn m any
.Vhat has he been doing since then? e prin t a couple of pages
5•ati ve verbs like be, have, know, like are not usually used f not find any
., t he continuous form.
=or further information and practice, see page 170. Grammar How long ?
Look at the grammar box. Answer the questions. ... ?
How long have you had this camera?
1 How do we form the present perfect
How long have you been travelling alone?
simple? How do we form the presen t
How long did it take you to get there?
perfect continuous?
2 Which verb form emphasizes the duration For further information and practice, see page 170.
or repetition of an activity? Which verb form
emphasizes an action or an activity that is 10 Look at the grammar box. Which ver b form is
comple te? used in each question? Why?
Complete the text with the presen t perfec t simple 11 Match the questions (1-6) with the answers (a-e).
an d present perfect continuous form of the verbs . Then work in pairs and continue the conversations.
1 How long have you been coming to this resor t?
Th is year, Mike Fay 1 ....................................................
(work) in
2 How long did the flight from Lond on take?
Gabon. He 2 . . ......................(check) the situatio n
3 How long have yo u known each other?
in the nation al parks and he 3 ..
4 How long did you spend in Cana da?
(discover) some prob lems. For example , poachers
5 How long have you been waiting for the bus?
... (k ill) elephants again. Fay
6 How long have you been here?
. (talk) about ways of controll ing
se
poaching with the Gabonese government. As a a About ten hours non- stop.
result , the Gabonese president 6 ..... b For the last four or five years .
(send) sold iers t o several of the parks. So fa r, the c I was there for a cou ple of mont hs.
poache rs 7 .... d Not long-we met on holiday this spring .
r/ (not I return) . Meanwhi le, fo r the past few yea rs, e Only a few minu tes . But I think we just
fo reign sh ips 8 m m (fish) in the mar ine missed one .
')I park . The Gabonese government 9 .. f We arrived yes terday morning.
(t ry) to find ways of deal ing with th is problem .
A: How long have you been coming to this resort?
ing
B: For the last four or five years.
Write questions for Mike Fay with the present A: Has it changed a lot in that time?
·ear perfec t simple and presen t perfect continuous
form of the verbs .
? Speaking my life
1 What I you I do I recently?
2 you I prepare for I any new trips? 12 What kinds of activities are you interes ted in?
3 How I you I feel I since the plane crash? How long have yo u been doing them? Work
4 How many photos I you I take I in your career? in pairs and tell your par tner. Ask follow- up
5 How long I you I travel I alone? questions. Use some of these ideas.
6 you I be I anywhere dangerous lately? I've been . . . since/for
I took it up when .. .
I've always/never.. .
In the last few ... , I've ...
HOLIDA Y COMPAN IONS FAVOURITE ACTIVITIES GOING GREEN TRAVEL PROBLEMS 97

lOMoARcPSD|5974606
reading tourism • critical thinking close reading • speaking going green
Sc All aboard!
Reading Critical thinking close
1 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions. reading
1 Do many tourists come to your country or region? From 6 According to the article, are these
which countries? statements true (T) or false (F)? Or is
2 What do these tourists do? Activity holidays, backpacking, there not enough information (N) in the
cultural sightseeing, ecotourism, or other holiday activities? article to say if the statements are true
3 What are the advantages of this tourism? Are there any or false?
disadvantages?
1 The tourism industry has grown
2 Read the article quickly. What is it about? Choose the best steadily and has now reached
option (a-c). its peak.
2 There are fewer Magellanic penguins
a It describes extreme activities tourists can do. since cruises started visiting
b It compares the positive and negative effects of tourism. Patagonia.
c It talks about the impact of lots of tourists on a destination. 3 Climbers on Everest cause problems
3 Read the article again and complete the table. for the local population.
4 There's not enough fresh water
Destination Number of tourists Impact in the Balearic Islands in the
1 2 Falling numbers of holiday season.
5 It's better to stay at home than be an
••••••••••••••••••••••••••• • oOOOOOHOOOOOo
3
on a cruise ship
ecotourist.
Himalayas:
6
4 5
7 Work in pairs. Underline the sections of
in the climbing season each year left on the the article that helped you decide about
mountain the sentences in Exercise 7. Do you agree
7 8 Negative effects on with each other?
9
8 Work as a class. Discuss the questions.
4 Answer the questions with information from the article. 1 Do you think an eco-tax on tourists is
a good idea?
1 When did the tourism industry start to be successful? 2 What is your answer to the final
2 Why are cruises bad for the environment? Find three question in the article?
reasons.
3 What have groups been doing to improve the environment
on Everest? Speaking my life
4 What action has the government of the Balearic Islands 9 Work in pairs. Look at these activities.
taken , and why? Decide if they have a good or bad
5 Find these words in the article. Look at how the words are impact on the environment. Which one s
used and try to guess their meaning. Then complete the does your family do?
sentences (1--6). 1 flying to distant holiday destinations
2 recycling household waste (paper,
pollution (line 11) charge (line 37) glass, organic waste)
equipment (line 24) challenges (line 39) 3 travelling by car
rubbish (line 26) ecotourism (line 45) 4 switching off lights and electrical
appliances
1 Airlines usually ...........................................you a lot of money if your 5 saving water (turning off taps, not
luggage is over the weight limit. watering the garden)
2 On average, each person in the UK produces about 500 kg 6 using eco-friendly cleaning product s
of ...... ... .............. each year.
3 I don't have much kitchen . __ - just a microwave. 10 Work in groups. How easy is it for you
4 Speaking a new language can be one of the hardest and your family to live a green lifestyle ?
........ when you travel abroad.
A: We've been recyclingpaperfor years. It's
5 . . ...... . . . . . ..... ........ .. ... is a way of enjoying a holiday without damaging
not hard to remember to do if you have a
the environment.
special box for it.
6 Plastic is a major Descargado ..........................................
cause ofpor Ismael Christian in the oceans.
Achahui Vilca (draking_live_96@hotmail.com)
B: We do that too.
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
.s
lthe
ue
;uins
ems
e an
lS of
DOUt
agre e e tourism industry started to grow rapidly in the middle of the last century and it's been growing
_. er since. In the last twenty years especially, more and more people have been travelling to
lS. : stant places around the world. It's a wonderful thing, to be able to travel to destinations we had
only read about or seen on television. But what kind of impact do large numbers of
lStS is
:oople have on these places?
- voyage to the end of the Earth? Let's all go to the beach

1arge cruise ship can carry as many as six thousand What happens when a region of about a million people is 30
--engers at a time, with about twenty-four million people visited by thirteen million tourists every year? The Balearic
.ng on cruises every year. Cruise ships drop about ninety Islands in the Mediterranean Sea have been dealing with this
es. - usand tons of waste into the oceans every year and each situation for decades. Where has the fresh water, the food,
p produces as much air pollution as five million cars. the petrol and the electricity for thirteen million tourists
ones e effects of this are made even worse by the fact that cruises come from? And how have the islands maintained the quality 35
·1t the same places over and over again, so the damage is of the beaches, the roads and the countryside? Recently,
_ eated. In Patagonia, this has been having an effect on the government of the Balearic Islands decided to charge
tions ·dlife. The numbers of Magellanic penguins have been tourists an ecotax of two euros a day. This has been tried
i ng for some years now, for example. once before, but it wasn't a success. However, the challenges
have been getting harder every year. The money from the tax 40
Climbing to the top of the world is used to reduce the negative effects of tourism on the local
1 environment.
:.r fewer people go climbing or trekking in the Himalayas
ot an take a cruise, but in the short climbing season each May
Difficult choices
ut a thousand people try to climb Everest. At times, there
lucts -e actually queues of climbers on the route to the top. The So, should we travel or simply stay at home? Many destinations
ificult conditions mean that everyone needs to take a lot of offer low-impact tourism such as ecotourism. It's time to ask 45
rou -uipment with them. Unfortunately, for the last few decades, ourselves some difficult questions. Can we really visit the
tyle? mbers have been leaving their equipment on Everest. In world's beautiful places without destroying them?
years, clean-up teams have been organizing expeditions
'·It' s waste (n) /we1st/ rubbish
me a -t to pick up this rubbish. The teams are made up of local
international climbers. One group has brought over eight
ns of rubbish down from the mountain!
HOLIDAY COMPANIONS FAVOURITE ACTIVITIES CCM@i§;!Mi TRAVEL PROBLEMS 99

lOMoARcPSD|5974606
vocabulary travel problems • real life dealing w ith problems • pronunciation strong and weak forms
8d Is something wrong?
Vocabulary travel problems 3 CID Look at the expressions for dealing
with problems. Can you remem ber who said
1 Work in pairs . Have you ever had any travel what? Write G (guide) or T (tourist) next to the
problems involving these things? Tell your partner . expressions. Then listen to the conversations aga in
Which of these pro blems can a tour guide help and check.
you with?
DEALING WITH PROBLEMS
baggage allowances hotel rooms
boa rding cards passport control I wonder if you could help us?
ca r hi re tra in t imetables Is anything wrong?
Can I help?
customs checks travel documents
flight delays travel sickness Our luggage hasn't ar rived .
food poisoning Which flight were you on ?
How did that happen ?
Do you know where our bags have gone to ?
WORDBUILDING compound nouns (noun + noun) When 's the next flight ?
We can use two nouns together to mean one th ing . It's about my wife .
baggage allowance , car hire How long has she been feeling like this ?
Is there anything you can do?
For further practice, see Workbook page 67.
I' m afraid the luggage has gone to Rome.
Don't worry , we 'l l arrange everything .
I' ll ask the hotel to send for a doctor.
4 Work as a class. Are the problems solved? How?
5 Pronunciation strong and weak forms

a Cl!IlJLook at the position of to in these sentence s
Listen to the sentences . In which sentence is to
strong /tu: /? In which one is it weak /tg/?
1 Do you know which airport our bags have
gone to?
2 Yes, I'm afraid the luggage has gone to Rome .
b CID Listen and repeat these questions. Use

strong or weak forms of at, from and for. Then
work in pairs. Ask the questions and give your
own answers.
1 Which ho tel are you staying at?
2 Are you staying at th e Ocean Hotel?
3 Where have you travelled from?
4 Why haven 't we heard from the airline?
5 What have we been waiting for?
6 Are you wai ting for the manager?
Real life dealing with problems
6 Work in pairs. Choose one of the conversations
2 CID Listen to two conversations between a from Exercise 2. Take a role each. Look at the
tour gui de and tourists. Write the number of audioscript on page 186 and prepare your
the conversation (1- 2) next to the problem they role. Then close your books and practise the
talk about. conversation.
a The person has missed his / her flight home. 7 Take the roles of a tourist and a tour guide . Choo
b Someone has had an accident. from the problems in Exercise 2 and act out two
c The luggage hasn't arrived. conversations . Use the expressions for dealing
d The flight has been delayed. with problems to help you .
e The person has lost his / her plane tickets.
f Someone is ill. Descargado por Ismael Christian Achahui Vilca (draking_live_96@hotmail.com)
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
e Hello from London!

riti ng a text message
le Read the message from Lynne. Answer the
again questio ns.
1 Where has Lynne come from and where is
she now?
2 Who do you think the message is for? Friends,
famil y, or both ?
3 What does Lynne say abo ut the people an d
the city?
4 What has sh e bee n doing?
Hi everyone!
Finally made it to London after 18-hour delay
in Bangkok!!! here awful but
people fantastic. London massive compared
to Brisbane! So far have: been shopping in
Oxford Street, seen the Shard (wow!), done the
Harry Potter tour (awesome!), had a boat trip
along the river. Then slept all day & night cos
jetlagged Text from my uncle in Edinburgh
N? - he's found me a job there for summer! Spk e Rewrite the sentences . Miss out wor ds where
soon Lxx possi ble.
1 The wea ther is we t and it has been ver y cold
1ces. some times .
2 Writing skill informal style 2 I've been touring all the typica l pl aces - it's
exha ustin g!
a Read the message aga in. Which of these featur es of 3 The peop le here are very kind and they have
infor mal style does Lynne u se? he lped me a lot.
1e. 4 I took som e ph otos of some pigeo ns - they're
abbreviations informal expressions everyw here!
comments in brackets listing items 5 I h ave n 't heard anything from Anton yet.
contractions missing out words 6 I'm get ting a bus up to Edin burg h beca use
exclamation marks symbols flying is too expensive .
b Look at this extract from the message. The wor ds 3 Choose a pla ce you h ave visi ted or wou ld like to
I and an are missing. Mark their pos ition in the visi t. Ma ke notes. Use the questions in Exercise 1
compl ete sentence. as a gu id e.
4 Decide wh o to wri te to. Write a m essage of about
Finally made it to London after 18-hour delay
75 words describing your trip. Use some of the
in Bangkok!!! features of informal style from Exercise 2a and
miss out words which are not necessary.
C Ma rk the pla ces in the message w here Lynne has 5 Send your message to someone in your class . Then
missed out wor ds. Wha t are the word s? rea d the m essage you have received. Use these
qu estions to ch eck your classmate's message.
d Rewri te the sentences in full.
1 city massive & noisy! • Is every thing clearly expressed?
lOSe 2 not got theatre tickets cos fully booked • Are there any sectio ns you do n ot unders tand?
3 been visitin g Tower of London - scary! 6 Work in pairs. Tell your partner about the message
4 took selfies (lots) on Oxford St you have receive d .
5 can' t und ers tand Lon don accent (trying!)
6 text from Jo - arriving Sunday A: I got a messagefrom Daisuke the other day.
B: Oh! How's he getting on?
HOLIDAY COMPANIONS FAVOURITE ACTIVITIES GOING GREEN TRAVEL PROBLEMS 101

... my life A TEXT MESSAGE
lOMoARcPSD|5974606

lOMoARcPSD|5974606
efore you watch 5 I Cl:li Watch the video again. Tick the items the
explorers mention.
• You're going to watch two videos in which
_.ational Geographic Explorers give their personal binoculars camera DVDs
answers to questions. Before you watch, discuss family photographs GPS hat headlamp
these questions. knife local person paintbrush pencil
sunblock sunglasses
1 What kind of work do explorers do? Where do
they work?
2 What items might they need to take with them
6 Work in pairs. Which of the items in Exercise 5
when they're exploring? surprised you? Did the explorers mention any of
the items you discussed in Exercise 1 question 2?
3 Why do you think people become explorers?
Key vocabulary
Video 2: Why is it important to explore?
Read the sentences. The words in bold are used in 7 I Ol:fj Read what the explorers in the video say.
the video. Guess the meaning of the words. What do you think the missing word is? Then
watch the video and check your ideas.
1 If you want to watch animals in the wild, a pair
of binoculars is very useful. 1 John Francis, ecologist
2 I'd get really burned if I didn't use sunblock. 'If you have ....................................... and you don't pursue
them, then to me it's a life unlived.'
3 I'm not very good with a paintbrush- I prefer
2 Laly Lichtenfeld, big cat conservationist
doing pencil drawings.
-! All children are curious about the world
'It keeps . . ..............exciting, I mean that 's
around them. what exploring is about.'
3 Enric Sala, marine ecologist
5 I've been making good progress in Italian since
I started classes. 'Without exploration, there would be no
'
the words in bold in Exercise 2a with these 4 Lee Berger, paleoanthropologist
de finitions. 'We think we ........................................................
. how things work,
but we don't.'
a a tool to paint with
b cream that protects your skin from the sun 8 I Cl:fj Watch the video again. Who gave the
c equipment with lenses for looking at things most interesting answer, in your opinion?
far away
d improvement and development
e interested in something and wanting to learn
After you watch
about it 9 Vocabulary in context
hile you watch a I Ci:ll Watch the clips from the videos. Choose
ideo 1: What item would you not leave b Answer the questions in your own words. Then
home without? work in pairs and compare your answers.
3 Read what four of the explorers say about why 1 Does the power ever go out where you live?
they chose the items they take with them. What do What do you do when that happens?
you think they are talking about? 2 Do you think it's human nature to be curious?
What else is human nature?
1 Carlton Ward, photographer
3 What kind of thing do you think drives artists
'without a ........................................................., we'd still be paddling
and business people?
in circles somewhere'
2 Amy Dickman, zoologist 10 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions .
.... ,just to have a break at the end of
the day' 1 What would you not leave home without if you
3 Chris Thornton, archaeologist were travelling?
.... I'm very, very white.' 2 Why is it a good idea to travel?
4 Cory Richards, photographer
engage (v) /m'gerd3 / to keep your interest or hold your
'a ......................................... . ........ .. to record what I'm experiencing'
attention
4 I Cl:ll Watch the video. Check your ideas from fundamentally (adv) /fAnd;i'ment;ili/ basically, most importantly
paddle (v) / 'pred;il/ to move a boat with an oar
Exercise 3.
pursue (v) /p;i'sju: / to follow or work at
103

lOMoARcPSD|5974606

Grammar 4 f>iM:I Work in pairs. Have you ever been to
places like these on holiday? Ask and answer
questions about your experiences.
a beach resort a safari

a cultural centre a theme park
a natural park a zoo
Vocabulary
5 Match nouns from A and B to make travel vocabular
Then write questions with the expressions.
A B
baggage flight allowance control
boarding passport card delays
1 Complete the article about Thomas Cook with the customs travel checks sickness
correct verb tense or form. Use the following: past
simple, present perfect simple, present perfect 6 mM:I Work in pairs. Which of these activities
continuous, -ing form or infinitive with to. would you do in a seaside resort, a big city, a
Before 1872, people .........................................................(not I travel)
1 natural park and a campsite? Give your reasons .
for pleasure very much. Then a man called
Thomas Cook 2 .........................................................
(change) everything be active learn new things
when he 3 (form) a travel agency, go sightseeing spend time with friends
Thomas Cook & Son. Cook aimed 4 ... have new or family
(provide) educational and cultural tours. His experiences take it easy
son was successful in 5 (expand)
the business around the world. At first, foreign ICAN
travel was expensive, but incomes 6 ...
use travel vocabulary appropriately
(rise) since those days. Nowadays, many millions
talk about holiday activities
of ordinary people expect 7 (go)
on holiday at least once a year. In the twentieth
century, holiday makers preferred 8 ... Real life
(book) trips with travel agencies. For the last few
years, travel agencies 9 .........................................................
(struggle) 7 Read these sentences from a conversation at an
because most people 10 .........................................................(make) their airport. Put the sentences (a-h) in order (1-8).
own plans online. Thomas Cook, however, is still
a A: What? How has that happened?
; one of the biggest travel companies in the world.
I b A: Well, let's have another look. Calm down.
.1 2 Answer the questions about the article in Exercise 1. c A: Well, have you looked through all your
i pockets?
1 How has travel changed since the time of d A: Is anything wrong?
Thomas Cook? e B: Yes, I have. And I've checked the suitcase.
2 Why do you think the travel agency Thomas f B: I've been worrying so much about
Cook & Son was successful? everything, and now this!
g B: I think I've lost the boarding passes.
3 f>JM:I Write four true or false sentences about
h B: I don't know. I thought they were in my
yourself with these verbs. Work in pairs and say
pocket, but they aren't there now.
if your partner's sentences are true or false.
8 Work in pairs. Act out conversations
have been learning have seen
similar to Exercise 7.
am interested in trying want to go
Conversation 1: Student A is a tourist and Student E
is a tour guide. Student A has lost his/her passpor t.
ICAN
Conversation 2: Student A is an airline official and
use verb patterns correctly (-ing form and to+ Student B is a customer. The flight is cancelled.
infinitive)
talk about recent activities and experiences ICAN
(present prefect simple and continuous) talk about travel problems
ask for and give explanations

lOMoARcPSD|5974606
- -- - r r ---o
1ular
ii
55
es
ns.
Is
FEAT U R ES 1 Work in pairs . Look at the ph oto and the cap tion . Compare
this place with places yo u u su ally go shopping.
n
106 Shopping tre nds
2 CII!1 Listen to a market researcher interviewing some p eople
How do you do your who are shopping. Comp lete the table.
vn. shopping?
Interview Wha t? Who for?
108 Spend or save? 1 the latest
Do you buy on impulse? 2 a couple of himself
se. 3 some ... each other
110 The art of the deal
How to negotia te a price 3 Discuss the questions with your par tner.
y 114 Making a deal books/DVDs/CDs shoes
clothes toiletr ies/cosmetics
A video about shopping in elect ronics/gadgets other items
the oldest market in Morocco jewel lery
lent B • I 1 What's the best (or worst) presen t anyone has ever
:port. given you?
land
i.
• I 2 What kind of things do yo u and your family or friends buy
for each other?
3 Do you buy these things for yourself?
4 Work in pairs. Prepare a survey on shopping habits. Ask at leas t

three other people your questions. Then compare the results.
SHOPPING NOW AND IN THE FUTURE MY THINGS r,:. SOUVENIRS D BUYING THINGS 105
CUSTOMER FEEDBACK
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
reading two ways of going shopping • grammar passives • speaking shopping now and in the future
9a Shopping trends
Reading 2 Read w h at a farmer and a store manager say abou t
selling their produc ts. Answer the questions.
1 Work in p airs. How do you prefer to d o your
1 What kind of products do they talk about?
sh opping? Tell your partner and give reasons .
2 What kind of shopping do they talk about?
at markets (indoor or outdoor) 3 Where do they sell their products?
in departme nt stores
3 Read the article again . Find one advantage to
in ma lls or shopp ing centres
customers and one to sellers for each kind of
in small local shops
shopping .
on line
4 Work in pairs . Can you think of any disadvan tage s
to each kind of shopping?
Shopping _trends
lll
mD
Gilly McGregor
Yorkshire farm e r
'Farmers' markets are the traditional way of selling
food , but they disappeared for a few years in the
UK. Now they're coming back. I have a stall in the
town centre four days a week . When I sell directly
to the consumers, they pay less and I still get a good
price. That's because the vegetables don't have to
be packaged and I don't have to pay a wholesaler to
distribute and sell my products. The customers are happy
because the vegetables are fresher and better quality
than in the supermarket, so they keep for longer . A lot
of supermarket stuff has to be eaten within a couple of
days.'
Mark Noble,
manager at Low Co Stores
'These days, lots of people have busy lives and we have
found that on line shopping is a growing area for us.
It's especially popular with people who buy the same
th ings in the same amounts every week . At first, on line
shopping was used mainly by our regular customers, but
since we introduced our mobile phone app, more new
accounts have been set up. Once the customer makes
their online list, it can be used again and again or it can
be changed very easily.
Food and household items are delivered to the
customers ' homes for a small charge, or people can
collect them in the store. In that case, the order must
be collected the next day. A new order tracking app is
being developed at the moment, and with that we'll be
able to improve our service to customers even more.'
wholesaler (n) /'haulseila/ a company that buy s products in larg e

quantit ies from the maker andDescargado pordifferent
sells them to Ismael Christian
shops Achahui Vilca (draking_live_96@hotmail.com)
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
Grammar passives 8 Work in pairs. Write the passive form of

the verbs.
PASSIVES
1 Since its launch in 2003, 250 million
JOU t
At first, online shopping was used mainly by our regular customers, Nokia 1101 mobile phonesI Apple iPods
A new order tracking app is being developed at the moment . . (sell).
A lot of supermarket stuff has to be eaten within a couple of days. 2 With 400 shops around the world,
For furthe r informat ion and practice, see page 172. clothing brand Ralph LaurenI Mango
...... (wear) by more people
than any other.
5 Look at the grammar box. Find a simple passive, a modal 3 The work of J.K. RowlingI Agatha
passive and a continuous passive. Then answer the
.. (translate) into
Christie.....................................................
questions .
more languages than any other author.
1 How do we form the passive? Think about the auxiliary 4 In 1986, the film The Color PurpleI Out
ages verb and the form of the main verb. ... ..... . . . (nominated) for
of Africa .....................................
2 What kind of information follows the word by? eleven Oscars but didn't win any.
5 Solitaire / Tetris .........................................................
(adapt)
6 Underline six more passive forms in the article Shopping for 65 different systems, making it the
trends in the UK. Does the use of the passive emphasize the most successful computer game ever.
action or the person who does the action? 6 The first music video by Justin BieberI
7 Choose the correct options to complete the text about a Lady Gaga mm _ (view) on
•••••••••••••••••••••••
YouTube over 500 million times.

company that sells coffee.
7 Maps for the Xbox® game Call of Duty I
Grand Theft Auto . .
We started direct trade about four years ago . This means
(download) one million times in 24
that mo re of the final price 1 pays I is paid to the growers.
hours when it wen t on sale.
We have a simple system . First, the coffee beans 2 take I
8 A painting by PicassoI Van Gogh
are taken to a central collection point by each g rower .
.. (buy) at auction for $106
When the loads 3 have we ighed I have been weighed,
million in 2010.
the growe rs 4 get I are got the correct payment . At the
moment, we 5 are using I are being used a standard 9 CllfllUnderline the options you think are
shipping company to transport the coffee to Europe. But correct in Exercise 8. Then listen
we 6 are reviewing I are being reviewed ou r arrangements and check. How many answers did
and next year, probably, specialized firms 7 will contract I you get right?
will be contracted to handle shipping. Once in Europe, the
coffee 8 can pack and sell I can be packed and sold within
a week.
Speaking
10 Work in pairs . Find out about shopping
now and in the future .
Student A: Turn to page 153 and follow

the instructions .
Student B: Turn to page 154 and follow

the instructions.
11 Work in groups of four. You are the

makers of a new bag for people of your
own age group. Decide on the following
details for your bag. Find images online or
make your own.
• what it will be / look like
• where / how it will be made
• where / how it will be sold
• who it will be aimed at
• how much it will cost
• why peopleshould buy it
12 Present your product to the class. Vote on

the one you'd most like to buy.
SHOPPING NOW AND IN THE FUTURE MY THINGS SOUVENIRS BUYING THINGS 107
life) .... CUSTOMER FEEDBACK
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
vocabulary shopping (1) • listening impulse buying • grammar articles and quantifiers •
pronunciation linking • speaking my things
9b Spend or save?
•
Vocabulary shopping (1) Listening
1 Work in pairs. Have you ever bought anything on 4 Cl.ii Listen to an extract from a radio programm e
impulse? Tell your partner about it. that discusses what's in the news. Tick the
of impulse buying which are mentioned.
2 Match the beginnings of the sentences (1-8) with
the endings (a-h). Check the meaning of any 1 Buying loads of things when you only need
words in bold you are not sure about. bread or milk.
2 Buying things you can't afford to buy.
1 The checkout is where you go 3 Buying things online.
2 When things are on special offer, 4 Spending too much when you're hungry.
3 At some supermarkets they help you
4 Fridges, washing machines and TVs 5 Cl.ii Listen to the extract again. Correct factual
5 You can often get good deals errors in four of the sentences .
6 Cheap and expensive items
1 Samira has written articles on impulse buying .
7 It isn't a good idea to
2 Most of us have spent more than £500 on a
8 A budget is a way of working out
purchase that wasn't necessary!
a are electrical goods. 3 You never see special offers on TVs or tablets.
b buy things that you can't afford. 4 You should always have a budget when you
c can both be good value for money . need to buy expensive things.
d how much money you can spend. 5 Many women, but few men, use shopping as a
e on products in the sales. way of managing their money.
f the price is lower. 6 If you make a list, you can avoid impulse buying .
g to pack your purchases.
h to pay for your shopping . 6 Work in pairs. Think of three ways people can
control their impulse buying.
3 Work in pairs. Ask and answer questions with the
words in bold in Exercise 2.
A: How do you choose which checkout queue to join at
the supermarket?
B: I usually look and see how much stuff people have in
their trolleys. Descargado por Ismael Christian Achahui Vilca (draking_live_96@hotmail.com)
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
Grammar articles and quantifiers .... QUANTIFIERS

1 Several websites have articles about impulse buying.
ARTICLES
2 If we can save a bit of money, that 's good.
They're based on a study by the BBC. 3 ... come back with loads of things you hadn't intended
2 The study divided people into two groups - men and to buy.
women . 4 ... you 're more likely to buy loads of food.
3 ... plan your shopping and you'll save money.
.i So I just need to make sure I have a snack before I go?
For f urther info rmat ion and practice , see page 172.
=or further information and pract ice, see page 172.

9 Look at the grammar box . Answer the ques tions.
7 Look at the words in bold in the grammar box. 1 Look at sen tences 1 and 2. Which quantifier is
Which article (a/an, the or zero article) is used when: used with:
a a countable noun?
a we mention some thing for the first time? b an uncountable noun?
b we mention something which is known (because 2 Look at sentences 3 and 4. When do we use the
it has already been mentioned, for example)? quan tifier loads of?
c there is only one of some thing?
d we are talking about something in general? 10 Look at the audioscript on page 186. Find nine
more quantifiers and say if they are used with
8 Read the ideas for saving money. Complete the countable nouns, uncountable nouns or both.
sen tences with the correct article (a/an, the or
zero article). 11 Choose the correct quantifier . Then suggest
another possible quantifier for each sentence.
1 I don't think I need to go shopping . We've got
OP plenty of I many food for the week.

2 I've bought a couple of I a bit of magazines. I can
read them on the train .
Save your small change in .........................jar. 3 I didn't find much I any shoes in my size in
Unplug .....................electrical appliances when the sales.
you're not using them. 4 If I've got a little I one or two money at the end
of the month, I buy something nice.
nm e Buy products that are close to their
m m
5 I bought a few I some strange cheese at the

Lple sell-by date. shops. It's almost green!
Don't get credit card. If you have one, 6 You can save several I loads of money if you shop
cut it up. in the sales.
Compare .... . ..........prices before you buy ....
expensive item. 12 Pronunciation linking
Keep ... . ......... receipts you get and add up . . a CllllfllListen to these sentences from Exercise 11.
amount of money you spend every day. Notice how the speaker links the words which
11 Take ........................lunch from home instead of start with a vowel to the final consonant of the
buying ............................ sandwiches or .
mmsnacks. previous word .
!1g. Don't buy ...........................books - borrow them from 1 I don't need to go shopping.
. .. library. 2 I can read the train .
s. b CID Underline the words which start with

vowels in the other sentences in Exercise 11. Then
listen and repeat the sentences .
sa
Speaking my life
ing.
13 Work in pairs. Make true (or false) sentences with
these quantifiers about things you own, have
bought or have been given . Tell your partner and
ask follow -up questions.
a bit of a coupl e of a f ew loads of one

or two plenty of several some
A: I've got a bit of wood I found on the beach.

B: Have you? Why did you decide to keep it?
SHOPPING NOW AND IN THE FUTU RE liJ> lefidii@Ci>j SOUV ENIRS BUYING THINGS 109
life CUSTOMER FEEDBACK
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
reading how to negot iate a price • wordbuilding compound adjectives •

critical thinking testing a conclusion • speaking souveni rs
9c The art of the deal

Reading Wordbuilding compou nd
1 Work in pairs. Do you like bringing souvenirs adjectives
back from holiday? Discuss why you think people
1iJJ> WORDBUILDING compound adjectives
wou ld bring back items like these .
Compound adjectives are adjectives made of more
brochures from ga lleries, museums, etc. than one word. The hyphen shows that the words form
decorative objects: pictures, ceramics, etc. one adjective.
duty-free goods duty-free goods , two -day lemon fest ival
locally made products For further practice, see Workbook page 75.
postcards
T-shirts with slogans
used t ickets 5 Look at the wordbuilding box. Then work in pairs .
Answer the questions.
2 Read the article quickl y. Decide what kind of 1 The worldjamous marketplaceis 'famous around
shopping experience (a-c) the article descri bes. the world'. What do the other compound
adjectives in Exercise 4 mean?
a b uying craf ts direct from the maker
2 Can you name examples of:
b choosing holiday gifts for friends and family
a a well -known sportsperson?
c looking for bargains in local markets
b a best -selling singer?
3 Read the article again. Answer the ques tions. c old -fashioned clothes?
d a hand -made item?
1 Who are the three main people in the article
and why do they go to Morocco?
2 What two things does Sam buy and how much Critical thinking testing a
does he pay for them? conclusion
3 Whic h is Sam's most successful purchase?
6 The wri ter concludes: 'Mohamed will be proud.'
4 Look at the words (1- 8). Find the things that Look at the article again and underline the pieces
are described with these words in the article. of advice Mohamed gives to Sam.
Comple te the phrases. Then think of more things
that can be described using these words. 7 Tick the pieces of advice that Sam follows. How
effective was the advice? How do you know?
1 beautiful old ...
2 world -famous ...
3 freshly -squeezed ... Speaking my life
.i 4 deadly -looking ....
5 hand -dyed ... 8 Work in pairs. Describe typical souvenirs that
6 massive copper .... peop le take home from your coun try.
7 tall blue ... 9 You are a market trader. Choose four of these
8 bright yellow, Moroccan .... objects. Find or draw a picture of each object and
think how you will describe it. Think about: its
origin, age and material, and any interesting facts
abou t it. Decide on a price for each object.
boomerang bott le box clock coin figu re

hat lamp rug stamp sword watch
10 Choose objects from Exercise 9 which you want to

buy. Visit different traders and find out about the
objects you want. Then choose which trader you
will buy from.
This rug is lovely. How much is it?

lOMoARcPSD|5974606
1irs.
md
I'M IN MARRAKECH, the bustling heart of Morocco, Sam says nothing. I can't tell whether he's too shy or is practising 35
ith my son, Sam. He's eight. We've come here with Mohamed, a what Mohamed has taught him.
··end who owns a shop in our neighbourhood in New York. Sam He eventually agrees to pay 200 dirham, about $24. I'd say the
l.' :an often be found in Mohamed'sshop, looking for a bargain. bottle is worth $10, at most. Clearly, he needs more practice
:es 1 ey argue about prices and chat about swords, or camels or the at this. 'Just to get started, Dad; Sam tells me as he pays for
::esert. 'You need to come to Morocco,to Marrakech;Mohamed the bottle. 40
:old me. 'I'll show you around and teach Sam how to really get a We spend a few days sightseeingaround Marrakech,but Sam is
v :iargain!' So here we are. really interested in only one thing. Late one afternoon, we return
.Ve meet up with Mohamed over a cup of mint tea in the to the shop where Sam saw the treasurechest. 'You have returned.
:>eautiful old city of Marrakech.We're sitting in an area next to the Very good: The shopkeeperopens his arms. He places the chest
=xotic stalls of the souk - Marrakech's world-famous marketplace. on the floor. Sam opens the lid. He runs his fingers over it. 45
arket sellers with carts offer freshly-squeezedjuice, others sell The shopkeeperspeaks.'Give me 2,soo:
::ates or figs. Later, as we wander around, Mohamed introduces us Sam shakes his eight-year-old head. 'Eight hundred:
:o olive sellers,tile makers and rug merchants.He also begins the
'I like your babouches;says the man. Sam's wearing a pair of
"rst of his lessons in bargaining for Sam.
bright yellow, Moroccan slippers. He ignores the comment.
fi e price of everything in Morocco is open to discussion,Sam.
'You're very good. I'll take 1,800 dirham;the shopkeeper 50
hen you hear a price, the first thing you say is "Too much -
1d announces.
::iezaf" and then walk away:
'One thousand:
3ut what if I like it?'
.cts Both are silent. Neither blinks.What happens next happensfast.
Nhen you see something you like, maybe a lamp, you ask about
something else instead.Then, as you walk out, you ask, "And how 'Fifteen hundred, and it's yours:
"l uch is that lamp?"as though you'd just noticed it and aren't 'Twelve hundred: 55
ure 'Thirteen hundred:
·eally that interested in it:
Ve turn a corner into another narrow street in the souk. 'Don't 'Yes!'
3lways give an offer. Make them continue to lower the price. The man holds out his hand. Sam grabs it. The deal is done.
tto .Jh, and wear something Moroccan;Mohamed continues as Mohamed will be proud.
he .ve enter a fairly large shop. Most of the stalls in Marrakechsell
lU mainly one type of thing, but not this one. Decorativeand deadly-
bargain (n) /'bo:gm / something which has a low price but is
1ooking swords hang beside soft hand-dyed fabrics; large camel
good qual ity
::>ones covered in writing sit beside massive copper lamps. It is
blink (v) /bhl)kl open and close your eyes very quickly
ere that Sam spots a beautiful box. 'Look, a treasure chest!'It's
bustling (adj) / 'bAShl)/ energetic and busy
'Tlade of wood, and painted red and gold. He opens the lid, then
negotiate (v) /n:i'g;m'Jie1t / to agree something by discussion
doses it. 'Cool: Then he spots a tall blue bottle - an old perfume
souk (n) a /su:k/ the name in some countries for a market
oottle. 'Four hundred dirham; the shopkeepersays. Fifty dollars.
that sells all types of products
SHOPPING NOW AND IN THE FUTURE MY THINGS .... Jje!@@ii;?j BUYING THINGS 111
, my life CUSTOMER FEEDBACK
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
Real life buying things 4 Pronunciation silent letters
1 CllllJListen to two conversations. Answer the questions for a Cllf11J Listen to these words. Notice how
each conversation. the crossed-out letter is silent. Repeat
the words.
1 What kind of shop is it?
2 What does the customer want? gift -w rapping
3 Does the customer buy the item?
2 CllllJLook at the expressions for buying things. Listen

to the conversations again. Underline the option the b Im.I Say these words and cross out the
speaker uses. Identify the speakers. Write C (customer) or silent letters. Then listen and check.
A (assistant) next to the expressions.
answer autumn bought design
friendly hour listen weigh
... BUYING THINGS
Can I have a look at I Could I see this silver chain ? 5 Work in pairs . Choose one of the
It's in the sale I It's reduced actually . It's got 20 per cent off . conversations from Exercise l. Take a ro
I wanted I I was looking for something lighter . each. Look at the audioscript on page 1 -
Can she bring it back I return it if she doesn't like it ?
and prepare your role. Then close your
Excuse me, are you in I do you work in this department ?
books and practise the conversation.
What's I Do you have the reference number or the model name ?
Let me see if it's in stock I we've got any on order. 6 Take the roles of a customer and a shop
How much do you charge I does it cost for delivery ?
assistant. Choose two of these items
We accept payment I You can pay by card or in cash.
and act out two conversations. Use
the expressions for buying things to
Vocabulary shopping (2) help you.
3 Work in pairs. Can you remember the question and response an item of furniture for your new home
for each word? Check your answers in the audioscript on clothes for your father on his birthday
page 187. toiletries for your sister
a DVD for a friend
return exchange receipt gift-wrapping a kitchen appliance for your brother
reference number model name in stock available sportswear for yourself
delivery tills
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
9e For sale
riting customer feedback 3 Writing skill clarity: pronouns
Work in pairs. Do you read customer feedback a You can avoid repetition of nouns in your writing
when you buy things online? Have you ever by using pronouns - as long as it is clear which
changed your mind about a purchase after noun each pronoun refers to. Look at the pronouns
reading feedback? in bold in the customer feedback. What do they
refer to?
2 Read the customer feedback from two online
shopping sites . Answer the questions. b Read the sentences. Replace the nouns with
pronouns to avoid repetition.
1 Which feedback is about a product and which
is about a seller? 1 I felt that the colours of the rug in the online
2 What problems do the customers mention? photo weren't accurate. The colours of the rug
3 Is the feedback positive or negative? were much darker than I expected.
2 Two of the glasses were broken on arrival and
we had to send all the glasses back.
3 My daughter received this game as a gift. My
daughter loves the game.
4 This seller has always provided an excellent
service and I'm happy to recommend the seller.
C Read the sentences. What do the pronouns refer

to? If the sentence is not clear, replace the pronoun
with a noun.
1 I bought the grey jacket and the black jumper
online. When it came, I wasn't happy with
lOW
the quality.
2 I ordered the books for delivery, but they
have no hesitation in recommending PetTown. I missed my postcode off the address label.
ordered two identity tags, but after two weeks they 3 The tracking information said the packet had
'ladn't arrived. When I emailed the company, they been sent, but it never arrived.
mmediately sent replacement tags via registered 4 I provided my address and a phone number.
mail at no extra charge. They were courteous and The courier said he couldn't find it.
the efficient and I would buy from them again.
4 Prepare customer feedback for something you
(l • • have bought or about a seller. It can be an online
or a shop purchase. Use these headings and make
ii!r1
notes where relevant. Decide how many stars to
give and if you recommend the product or seller.
rol e • item
• delivery
.H
• condition
• fit/ quality
• standard of service
JP
5 Write your recommendation . Use these questions
to check your advert.
ttXX-•
Bought this lovely shirt with an even lovelier 20% • Have you used pronouns clearly?
off. I wasn't disappointed. Great quality material • Is your feedback useful to other customers?
and it's a perfect fit. Good for work and for social
ne occasions. Slightly surprised when washed with 6 Publish your feedback in the classroom. Read the
other items, they came out pale blue! This is other feedback comments and find out if anyone
the first time it's happened with your products, has had a similar shopping experience.
however, and is the only reason I'm not giving it full
marks. I do recommend the product, but care must
be taken when washing.
my life .. SHOPPING NOW AND IN THE FUTURE

CUSTOMER FEEDBACK
MY THINGS SOUVENIRS

BUYING THINGS 113
lOMoARcPSD|5974606

lOMoARcPSD|5974606
efore you watch 5 I Olill Watch the first and second parts of the
video (0.00-2.41) with the sound ON. Answer the
Look at the photo and the caption. Discuss questions.
the questions.
1 What's the name of the small red hat described
1 What's happening in the photo? in the video?
2 Why do you think both men are smiling? 2 Complete what these people say about
3 What kind of things do you think you can buy bargaining in the souk with words from
in the souk? Exercises 2 and 3.
a Vincent (Dutch tourist): You have to start
2 Key vocabulary yourself at one or something,
b Consuela (Dutch tourist): So, then you get
a Read the sentences. Try to guess the missing words. at .........................................................
the price they say at first.
1 When you buy things in the sales, you can often c Ahmed (Tour guide): We don't have really a
get really good . . ........... on the prices. .... price.
2 I'm just going to look at the stuff in the market. 3 What does Mohcine, the jewellery seller, say
I have no of buying anything. about some customers?
3 We'll need to take two taxis - there are
6 I ® 11 Watch the third part of the video
eight of us and the .........................................................
for a taxi is
(2.42 to the end). Choose the correct option to
five passengers.
complete the answers.
4 The hotel tried to .. .....................................us - they
charged us for four nights instead of three! 1 What happens if a customer says they don't
5 The price of the bus hire is ..........................................................
. want to buy anything?
It's the same if we have ten people or twenty. The seller offers a lower price I a differentitem.
2 What should all tourists make sure they
Read the words in bold and their definitions. don't do?
The words are used in the video. Complete the They shouldn't pay more than somethingis worth I
sentences in Exercise 2a with the words. buy too many things.
a cheat (v) to be dishonest
b discounts (n) reductions in price After you watch
c fixed (adj) can't be changed
d intention (n) plan 7 Work in pairs. How do you think the tourists felt
e maximum (n) top limit about their experiences in the souk? Give reasons
for your answers.
3 Which is bigger, a half or an eighth? Put the
amounts in order of size, starting with the smallest. 8 Vocabulary in context
a half a sixth an eighth a I Ol!fj Watch the clips from the video. Choose
a quarter a third the correct meaning of the words and phrases.
b Complete the sentences in your own words.

hile you watch Then work in pairs and compare your sentences.
rJ! m Watch the first part of the video 1 I like face-to-face classes because ...
(0.00- 0.53) with the sound OFF. Make a note of 2 What a great present! Believe me, it's ...
the things that you see for sale. Make a whole-class 3 I like to go step by step when ...
list and compare that with your ideas from 9 Do you prefer bargaining or fixed prices?
Exercise 1 question 3.
Give your reasons.
craftsman (n) someone who makes quality

items by hand
dates (n) /de1ts/ a kind of fruit that grows on palm trees
dirham (n) the money used in Morocco
haggling (n) /'hreghIJ/ bargaining, discussing a price to come
to an agreement
vendors (n) /'vendn / sellers
115

lOMoARcPSD|5974606

Grammar Vocabulary
1 Complete the shopping tips with verbs, articles or 5 Work in pairs. What could a shop assistant or
quantifiers where necessary. More than one option customer say using each of these words?
is possible in one case.
delivery exchange gift-wrapping in stock
THE . GREEN GUIDE receipt return
Shopping Tips: televisions
6 f>IM:I Work in pairs. Take turns to give a
The days when 1 .......................................... TVs came in only a definition or example of one of these things for
........................of types - colour or black and white - your partner to identify.
have gone. Today's flat screen TVs 3 been
developed to give 4 ...........................................best possible picture budget checkout deals goods purchases
quality, with 5 ...........................................differentviewing options that special offer the sales value for money
can 6 .... . .....................set by the user.
Many people get 7 ........................................new TV because they 7 Work in pairs. Take turns to choose one
want 8 ................ bigger screen. However, bigger of the shops in the photos. Your partner has 30
TVs use a lot of 9 energy. A 52-inch LCD seconds to name six things you can buy there.
uses twice the power of a 32-inch model. Last year,
new statistics 10 .........................................published by the United
States Department of Energy. They said the amount
12
of 11 .... ...... power that ... . ...... used by
TVs in America could supply electricityto all homes

in 13 .... ... state of New York for a year. One
major factor in TV power use is the picture setting.

14
people realize what a differencethe
settings can make. Electricityuse 15 be cut
by up to 50 per cent if you change to 16 ....
efficientsetting.
2 Read the shopping tips in Exercise 1 and find:

ICAN
1 one positive and one negative thing about
modern TVs. talk about shopping
2 one way of reducing the amount of energy ask for and give product and sales information in a shop
your TV uses. talk about everyday things we buy for ourselves
and others
3 m1+J!:IWork in pairs. Underline the five passive
forms in the text in Exercise 1. Why are the passive
forms used in the text? Real life
4 f>iM:I Write sentences about some of the 8 Complete the questions and statements. Then
products and their raw materials. Use these verbs write customer (C) or shop assistant (S).
in the passive. Then work in pairs. Take turns to 1 We accept ........................................................
by card or in cash.
read your sentences without saying the subject. 2 Can I bring it ........................................................ if I don't like it
Try to complete your partner's sentences. when I get home?
3 Let me see if this model is in .................................................... . ...
grow import make manufacture mine
4 How much do you ... ...........................for delivery?
produce
5 Do you have the reference ... .......................?
6 Can I have a .........................................................at this watch?
1 a bar of chocolate cocoa beans Ghana
7 It's reduced - it's got 20 per cent
2 a pair of jeans cotton Egypt
8 Excuse me, are you ......................................................... this
3 jewellery gold South Africa
department?
4 perfume flowers France
5 mobile phone batteries lithium Chile 9 f>i1tJ!:IWork in pairs. Take turns to be the
6 a loaf of bread wheat Canada customer and the assistant in a shop. Act out
... have been grown in Ghana for many years. conversations in which you buy a tablet, a
computer, a motorbike and some perfume.
ICAN
ICAN
use the passive
buy and sell items in a shop
use articles and quantifDescargado
iers por Ismael Christian Achahui Vilca (draking_live_96@hotmail.com)
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
On the annual Marathon des Sables in southern Morocco,

keeping the sand out of your face can be a problem.
k
ses
te
I
F EATURES 1 Work in pairs . Loo k at the photo and the caption . What other
proble ms do you think runners like this face?
118 Leaving Earth
2 CIEI!J Listen to an extract from a podcas t about the
Could we live on Marathon des Sables. How many of your ideas from Exercise 1
another plane t? are men tioned?
120 The superhumans 3 CIEI!J Listen to the extract again an d make notes about these
Find ou t about the latest things. Does ultrarunning appeal to you? Why? I Why not?
advances in medicine 1 the age of the runners
2 the distances
122 Two journeys, 3 any thing else that interes ted you
two lives
4 Work in groups. Discuss the questions .
y? I Read about two people
who have endured 1 Other extreme spor ts include bungee jumping, Base
tough experiences jum ping, cave diving and free climbing. Have you tried
any of them?
126 What does an 2 Why d o you think peop le push their bodies to the limit?
3 Can you think of any dangers in pus hing your body
astronaut dream to extremes?
about?
A video about the firs t
British woma n in space
l'D LOVE TO LIVE IN ... HEALTH EXPERIENCES INSPIRATIONAL PEOPLE TALKING ABOUT INJURIES 117
A PERSONAL EMAIL
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
reading life on another planet • grammar second conditional • speaking I'd love to live in ...
1Oa Leaving Earth

Reading 2 Read the article . Answer the questions .
1 Which planets does the article mention?
1 Work in pairs . Discuss the questions .
2 Where are the planets?
1 Do you think the human race will ever be able 3 Which planet do scientists already know
to live on another planet? something about?
2 What kind of thing might make life on another 4 Why is the colour blue important when lookin g
planet difficult for humans? at planets?
Professor Stephen Hawking has said that the Meanwhile, astronomers are searching for
human race has no future if it doesn't go into Earth-like planets outside our solar system.
space. The planet we currently know most They hope to take images of planets in
about is Mars. Two crewless spacecraft have Alpha Centauri, the closest star system
already landed on the surface and have sent to Earth. According to Chris Lintott, an
a lot of information to scientists on Earth. astrophysicist at Oxford University, it would
But if we sent astronauts to Mars, would they be be hugely exciting if we could get images
able to survive? How easy would it be to set up from Alpha Centauri. If we had only a tiny
a base? We already know there would be some image, astronomers could work out the
difficult challenges to face. Communication with planet's orbit and its size and colour. If the
Earth would have a 20-minute delay, food and planet turned out to be blue, this might
mean it had water and an atmosphere - and
water would only be provided every few months
and astronauts couldn't go outside the base if where there's water, there's life.
they didn't wear a spacesuit. It all sounds more Of course, getting to such a distant planet is
like science fiction than something that might a different question - it makes a trip to Mars
actually happen. sound easy by comparison .
crewless (adj) without any people - crew - working on board

lOMoARcPSD|5974606
3 Work in groups. Do you agree with these online 1 Work in pairs. Look again at the comments in
comments about space exploration? Give your Exercise 6. Say which statements (1- 5) you agree
reasons. with and answer the questions (6- 8).
1 'We can't look after Earth, so we'll never be 8 Complete the sentences with endings that are
successful on ano ther planet.' true for you. Then work in pairs and compare
2 'I don't understand why we need to go your sentences.
into space. We should spend the money on
improving life on Earth.' 1 If I was a tourist on a space trip,
a I'd ...
)kine b I wouldn't ...
Grammar second conditional c I could .. .
d I might .. .
SECOND CONDITONAL
2 If I lived on a base on Mars as part of the first
But if we sent astronauts to Mars, would they be able exploration,
to survive? a I'd ...
Astronauts couldn't go outside the base if the y didn't b I wouldn't ...
wear a spacesuit.
c I could .. .
't wo uld be hugely exciting if we could get images from
Alpha Centauri. d I might .. .
If the planet turned out to be blue, this might mean it
'lad water.
9 Work in two pairs within a group of four . Play a
guessing game .
•or f urt her informat ion and practice, see page 174.
Pair A: Turn to page 153 and follow the
instructions .
Look at the grammar box. Answer the questions .
1 Which verb form follows if in the second Pair B: Turn to page 154 and follow the
conditional? instructions .
2 When is a comma used in a second
conditional sentence? Speaking
3 Which three verbs are used before the infinitive
without to in the main clause? 10 Work on your own. Think of a place you 'd like to
live in. Note down five reasons why you'd like to
5 Look at how the second conditional patterns are live there. Then work in groups. Take turns to tell
used in the article. Answer the questions. your group the reasons , but don't say the place.
1 Does the second conditional refer to situations Can they guess before you give all the reasons?
in the past or in the present and the future? A: I'd love to live in beep. I'd go to all the local
2 Does the second conditional refer to real or to football matches.
unreal situations? B: And if I lived in bzzz, I'd never be cold again.
6 Complete the comments about space exploration 11 Think abou t your answers to these questions . Then
with the second conditional. tell the class.
1 I (consider) training as an astronau t 1 If you could start a new life, what things would
if I .................................................. (have) the right qualifications. you change and how?
2 I ................................................... (pay) to be a space tourist if it 2 What would you miss about your 'old' life?
..........................................................(not I be) so expensive.
3 Being in space ....................................... ........ (be) OK if you
... (be able) to have Skype chats with
people outside.
4 If we (find) Earth -like planets, we
(not I be able) to travel there.
..........................................................
5 If I (be) on a long space journey,
I (miss) my famil y.
6 What ...................................................... (happen) if you
(not I get on) well with the rest of
..........................................................
the crew on a spacecraft?
7 If you ...................................................(be) in charge of NASA,
what ................................................. you ........................................................
(spend)
money on?
8 If there ...................................................... (be) life on another planet,
.... they ...............................................
..... (contact) us first?
l'D LOVE TO LIVE IN ... ... HEALTH EXPERIENCES ... INSPIRATIONAL PEOPLE ... TALKING ABOUT INJURIES 119
: A PERSONAL EMAIL
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
Listening 4 How do you think life might be different for

someone with a bionic device compared to a
1 Work in pairs. Look at the photo. What do you traditional device? Tell your partner .
think it shows?
2 CllE!J Listen to a preview of a TV programme. Grammar defining relative

Tick the topics you hear mentioned. clauses
blades
DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES
extreme sports
With relative pronouns
Olympic medals
Paralympic athletes 1 Tonight, there's a documentary which features some
progress in medical science famous Paralympians.
wheelchairs With optional who/that/which
2 The Paralympians (who/that) you mentioned use
3 CllE!J Match the beginnings of the sentences blades and wheelchairs.
(1-7) with the endings (a-g). Then listen again 3 The range of devices (which/that) the programme
and check. describes is growing .
1 The Paralympics is a sports event for people For further information and practice, see page 174.
2 The TV programme features some athletes
3 A bionic device is one 5 Look at the grammar box . Choose the correct
4 Amanda Boxtel uses a robotic structure option.
5 The structure
6 Amanda Boxtel works with an organization 1 In sentence 1, a documentary is the subjectI
7 There's no limit to the things object of the verb features.
2 In sentence 2, the Paralympiansis the subjectI
a whose devices are bionic. object of the verb mentioned.
b which supports her body. 3 In sentence 3, the range of devices is the subjectI
c bionic devices will be able to do. object of the verb describes.
d that promotes bionic technology . 4 When who, that or which refers to the subjectI
e that uses electronics. object, we can miss it out.
f who have a disability. 5 We can use that instead of who I which I both who
g Amanda Boxtel uses is called
Descargado poran exo-skeleton.
Ismael and which.
Christian Achahui Vilca (draking_live_96@hotmail.com)
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
6 Look at the sentences in Exercise 3. Find the

two types of clauses. Add a relative pronoun
to the sentences that don't have them.
7 Look at the diagram of a bionic body.

Complete the information for each
numbered part with the words in the box.
Use two words twice.
when where who which whose
1 implants in the ears rnrn allow

people ... ..................are deaf to hear
2 prosthetic arms .......................................can receive
signals from the brain
3 temporary artificial hearts for people
... are waiting for transplants
4 the first replacement hips - from a time
.... bionics was an idea from
science fiction
5 healthy area of bone ...........................................the bionic
limb is attached
6 bionic limbs . . ......................movement
mimics the body's natural steps
8 Read the comments from a hospital patient. Vocabulary medicine

Write who, which or that in the correct
optional place. 11 Work in pairs. Choose the best option.
1 The doctor I spoke to was very positive. 1 Several people were injuredI wounded in the accident.
2 I thought the treatment I got was 2 It's just a small cut. It will treat I heal naturally.
very good. 3 What time is your doctor's appointmentI date?
3 The injections the nurse gave me didn't 4 They can't cure I heal this yet, but they can relieve
hurt much. the symptoms.
4 The other patients I met had 5 Where does it hurt I pain?
similar injuries. 6 The healingI treatmenthas some unpleasant side effects.
5 The hospital ward I was in had only one 7 The doctor is controllingI monitoring the patient's
other patient. condition.
6 I didn't like the food they served us. 8 The injection isn't hurtful I painful.
9 IE) Cross out any optional words in 12 Work in groups. Take turns to choose a word and then
these sentences. Then listen and check give a definition of the word.
your answers.
Botox is something which celebritiesuse to make themselves
1 I know someone who has a bionic arm. look younger.
2 The hospital that we go to isn't far away.
3 Cochlear implants are devices that surgeon ·njection
improve hearing. operating theatre blood test
0
4 I think people who do Paralympic sports
A 8r E (
are amazing .
5 Wheelchairs are often used by patients
whose legs are paralyzed. dO.lO'r ambulance stitches
6 The doctor who we saw in the film is a
pioneer in bionics. surgery radiographer ward
paramedic first aid
I
:t I
I
I
I
10 Pronunciation sentence stress
a IE) Listen to the sentences from

Exercise 9 again. Notice how the relative
pronouns are not stressed.
X-r av
Speaking my life
13 Choose two of the words from Exercise 12 and talk about

who I b IE) Listen again and repeat the sentences. your own experience.
I've never been in an ambulance.
l'D LOVE TO LIVE IN .. . .,._ HEALTH EXPERIENCES INSPIRATIONAL PEOPLE TALKING ABOUT INJURIES 121
my life A PERSONAL EMAIL
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
reading acts of endurance • word focus take • critical thinking reading between the lines •
speaking inspirational people
-------
1Oc Two journeys, two lives

Reading 6 Work in pairs. What do the expressions with take
mean in these sentences?
1 How much do you know about these people?
1 The Yukon Arctic Ultra takes place every
Choose the option (a-c) you think links them.
two years.
a They broke 'unbreakable ' records. 2 Diane Van Deren took up running after an
b They were successful in spite of difficulties. operation to cure her epilepsy .
c They became rich and famous in their 3 Diane Van Deren couldn 't take off her boots
chosen careers. because they had frozen to her feet.
4 John Dau's plane to New York took off from
J. K. Rowling Nairobi airport.
Marie Curie 5 The fighting in Sudan took away John Dau's
Ne lson Mandela childhood.
Steph en Hawking 6 John Dau took up a scholarship to study in the
United States.
2 Work in pairs . You are going to read about two
people who overcame obstacles in their lives . 7 Using the information in the stories and your own
understanding of them, discuss the questions wi tt
Student A: Read about Diane Van Deren. your partner .
Student B: Read about John Dau. 1 Why did Diane Van Deren and John Dau beg in
their journeys?
Make notes to answer these questions. 2 Did they make their journeys through choice
1 Who? or necessity?
2 Where? 3 What have they achieved for themselves as a
3 When? result of their journeys?
4 Distance covered?
4 What have they achieved for others as a resul t
5 Time taken?
of their journeys?
6 Food and drink?
Critical thinking reading
3 Tell your partner about the story you read. Use
your notes to help you. Ask your partner at least between the lines
one question about their story .
8 Read the quotes . Who do you think said each one -
4 Now read your partner's story . Is the story what Diane Van Deren or John Dau? Give your reason s.
you expected to read? Did anything surprise you? 1 'I think people refuse to try things because the.
fear failure .'
Word focus take 2 'All I have to think about is my body.'
3 'There have been many impossible situations t"
5 Look at these extracts from the stories . What do my life, but I keep trying .'
the expressions with take mean or refer to? Choose 4 'You can 't give up.'
the correct option (a-c).
9 Do you know of other people who have overcome
1 Diane Van Deren was [.. .].taking part in the obstacles to achieve something in unexpected ways -
Yukon Arctic Ultra.
a leaving b participating c winning
2 Van Deren[ ... ] had a kiwi-size piece of her Speaking Frny life
brain taken out.
a removed b repaired c returned 10 You are going to nominate an inspirational pers ofl
for a prize. Choose someone from one of these
3 [... ] a journey which had taken him more than
half of his life. categories . Make short biographical notes about
a distance b speed c time the person and the reasons why you find them
4 Dau [.. .] took care of a group of younger inspirational. Then give your presentation.
children . • art, music and • local life
a controlled b looked after c played fashion • science and medic iTh..
• business and • sport and adventur e
academia • technology
• film and television
•
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
take an eren
ON 15 FEBRUARY 2009, DIANE VAN DEREN WAS ONE OF
DOZEN RUNNERS TAKING PART IN THE YUKON ARCTIC
J LTRA, A 700-KILOMETRE RACE ACROSS THE FROZEN
,j_RCTIC IN THE MIDDLE OF WINTER. Not a single woman
)tS "'ad ever completed it. With temperatures of 30 degrees
elow zero and only seven hours of daylight each day,
)ill
-'s probably the hardest race in the world . But then,
-1ere is no woman like Diane Van Deren.
u's
- .velve years earlier, Van Deren, a former professional
-en nis player, had a kiwi-size piece of her brain taken Yet somehow through it all, Van Deren remained
n the positive. This was perhaps helped by another curious
::ut. It was part of the treatment for the epilepsy which
;1 e suffered from . The operation was successful, but she result of her operation. 'I have a problem with 25
-oticed one unexpected result: she could run without short-term memory. I could be out running for two
0
;:opping for hours . weeks, but if someone told me it was day one of a race,'
. wi lt
she jokes, 'I'd say, "Great, let's get started!'"
_, the start of the Arctic Ultra, icy winds froze Van
_,eren's water supplies so she had nothing to drink for On 26 February 2009 - exactly twelve years after her
)egir surgery - Van Deren crossed the finish line of the Arctic 30
-- e first 160 kilometres. She kept going by sucking on
fruit and nut bars. On the eleventh day, the ice Ultra. She was one of eight people who fin ished - and
ice the first and only woman.
: eneath her feet cracked open and Van Deren fell up
-:J her shoulders into a freezing river . She managed to
sa
: .mb out, but it was hard to continue. Her boots had
epilepsy (n) /'ep1 ,lepsi/ an illness affecting the brain
to her feet.
Jne-
:ms.
J2fUu
, 2001, JOHN DAU BOARDED A PLANE TO NEW YORK.
- WAS THE BEGINNING OF ONE TRIP BUT THE END OF A
JU RNEY WHICH HAD TAKEN HIM MORE THAN HALF OF
)ns=- -.s LIFE. In 1987,aged thirteen, Dau had run away from
- s home in southern Sudan, escaping from the soldiers
'10 came to destroy his village. He met up with a small
;·oup of boys like himself and together they walked for
•m e
eeks to reach a refugee camp in Ethiopia . 'I had no
vays-
oes and no clothes; at night the desert was so cold.
e thought about our parents all the time,' remembers only 18,000 of them arrived in Sudan. But the area was
:a u. The boys had no food and nothing to drink . 'We soon attacked again, so Dau and the other 'Lost Boys' of
ewed grass and ate mud to stay alive .' Sudan set off south again , this time to a camp in Kenya. 25
-., e boys walked by night and slept by day. Eventually By now, Dau had walked more than 1,600 kilometres.
- ey reached the camp, where Dau spent the next Ten years later, Dau was one of a handful of 'Lost Boys'
1ut
:Jur years. As one of the older boys, Dau led and took who were sponsored to study in the USA. A new kind of
n
3re of a group of younger children which eventually journey was about to begin.
- Jmbered 1,200. But Dau was forced to run again when
1diers came to the camp. Along with 27,000 other
iic inr :oy s, he set off to walk back to Sudan. To get there refugee camp (n) /,refj u'd3 i: kremp/ a temporary home for
\llre people who have left their country of origin
- ey had to cross Gilo River. 'Soldiers were shooting at
...s, so we had to dive into water full of crocodiles,' Dau
::counts. Thousands of boys were killed or caught and
l'D LOVE TO LIVE IN ... HEALTH EXPERIENCES INSPIRATIONAL PEOPLE TALKING ABOUT INJURIES 123
my life A PERSONAL EMAIL

lOMoARcPSD|5974606
vocabulary injuries • real life talking about injuries • pronunciation and
1 Od First aid
Vocabulary injuries
1 Work in p airs. Comp lete the table with the things
that cause these injur ies. Some things can cau se
more than one injury. Add at least one more cause
of each inju ry.
Cuts and Sprains and Allergic

bruises breaks reactions
5 Pronunciation and
blades and knives insect b ites
falling off something tripping up a CllEiJ Listen to these expressio ns. Notice how ar
falling over wasp and bee stings is no t stressed.
food poisoning
Aand E wasp and bee stings
2 For each injury, decide with your partner what is cuts and bruises bites and stuff
the best thing to do . sprains and breaks go and see Rosana
b CllEiJ Listen to the exp ressions aga in. Notice hm

Real life talking about injuries and is linked to the word before it an d how the d
3 CllEiilLook at the expressio ns for describing isn't pronounced. Rep eat the expressions.
injuries. Which expressions refer to the injuries
C Match wor ds from A with wor ds from B. Practi se
in Exercise 1? Then listen to three conversa tions
saying the pairs of wor d s.
and check.
day doctors eyes food fruit hand s
TALKING ABOUT INJURIES m ind rich
Describing injuries
I feel a bit sick.
body drink ears famous knees
I've been stung .
night nurses nuts
It doesn't hurt .
It hurts when I move it.
It looks a bit swollen . 6 Work as a class . You will be ass igne d a role as a
It might need stitches . patient or a doc tor.
it's just a sprain .
It's painful. Patien ts: Choose one of the injuries from the list
That looks nasty! and think about how you will descr ibe it to th e
You might have broken something . doc tor. Then visit each doctor and describe your
It's nothing. prob lem. Who gives the bes t advice?
Giving advice
If I were you, I'd go down to A and E. Doctors: Look at the list of injuries and think abou-
I would keep an eye on it . appropria te treatment. Then liste n to each patient
I wouldn't just ignore it . and give advice. Which is the mos t difficul t case
You should put some antihistamine cream on it . to trea t?
You'd better wash it straightaway .
Why don't you go and see Rosana? • a deep cut on your thumb from a kitchen knife
It might be worth getting it X-rayed . • a painful ankle after jumping off a trampo lin e
It's probably best to get it looked at . • feeling sick after being stung by a wasp
Have you tried putting cream on it ? • multiple cuts and bruises after a mo untain
biking acciden t
4 CllEiilListen to the conversa tions again.
What • strange skin rash after a mea l out
advice is given in each case? Check your answers • neck and shoulder pain after a
in the exp ressions for giving advice. horse-riding accident
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
....
Writing a personal email 5 Writing skill linking ideas (2)
1 Who do you talk to w hen you need advice about a Look at the table. Which group of words can
the se things? Work in pairs . Compare your ideas . replace each highlighted word in the email? Write
the w ords from the email in the table . Add a
and car trouble personal problems comma where nece ssary.
difficulties at work/school relationship dilemmas
health worries 1 clearly
naturally
2 Read the em ail. What is its purp ose? Choose the 2 in fact
best option (a-c). to be honest
3 Before I forget,
a The writer is asking for informati on about a job
10W Incidentally,
opportuni ty.
b The w rite r is getting in tou ch with an old friend. 4 Anyway,
c The w rite r needs some help makin g a decision . Well,
:ise 5 All the same,

Hi there, Even so,
Thanks so much for the get well card! I'm feeling a However,
ids lot better now, actually. And I've been meaning to
write to you for a while - I want your advice about b Comp lete the sentences w ith exp ress ions from
something . Exercise Sa. Rem emb er to add a comma w here
I've got the chance to spend a year away, on a project necessary. More than one answer is p oss ible.
in the South Pacific. (I know, it sounds like paradise - I
1 Your prob lem sounds familiar . I had to m ake a
bet you wish you were me!) It's a job in a community
similar decision once, ...
health centre on Vanuatu . I'd have to do some
a 2 It's a long way to go . You'd miss your family at
t raining if I took the post, of course. I can do basic
first, ...
f irst aid, but I'd need to know more than that.
3 I hope I've helped you a bit! ...
st The thing is, I'm not sure if I should go . It would how's your sister?
e mean giving up the job I've got now, obviously . But 4 That's what I did . .................................
........... I hope I've been
ur I wouldn't mind that- it's not a great job! And I've of some help.
often thought about a career in nursing ... 5 It could be interesting . ... it's going
So, what do you think? to be difficult.
tbout
ient Hope all is well with you. By the way, did you manage
6 Think about a problem you need help with. Write
se t o sell your car?
an email to someone in your class.
Take care
Kate 7 Use these questions to check your email. Then
nife
send your email to the person you have chosen.
ine
3 Is the style of the email formal, neutral or • Have you used a variety of linking expressions?
informal? Underline the words or expressions • Have you used linking expressions correctly?
which show this. 8 Write a reply to the email you have received.
4 What advice would you give to Kate? Tell your
partner.
l'D LOVE TO LIVE IN . .. HEALTH EXPERIENCES INSPIRATIONAL PEOPLE TALKING ABOUT INJURIES 125
my life .... A PERSONAL EMAIL

lOMoARcPSD|5974606

lOMoARcPSD|5974606
Before you watch 6 I Clltll Watch the second part of the video
(1.22-1.52). Complete the sentences with one word.
1 Work in pairs. What do you think astronauts
1 Everyone says the Earth looks
might dream about?
2 Helen Sharman felt disconnected and
... to the Earth.
2 Key vocabulary
3 She knew it was her ...
a Read the sentences. Try to guess the missing words. 4 She wanted to ...
1 In my job with an airline, it's important to have 7 Watch the third part of the video (1.53-2.27).
great .........................................................
to work with. Answer the questions.
2 Stones don't ..................................................... on water, but pieces 1 Astronauts talk about different things at the
of wood usually do.
start of a space trip and after a couple of days.
3 Since I left home, the thing I ......................................................... most What do they talk about?
is my dad's cooking. He makes great pizza!
2 What do they think about when they go over
4 After six months travelling through China, we
different countries?
felt very ... .........................to the way of life there.
5 We'd read amazing reviews of the film, and 8 I Clltll Work in pairs. How do you think Helen
when we saw it we weren't .............................................. . It Sharman's dream ends? Watch the last part of the
was fantastic. video (2.28 to the end) and check your ideas.
Read the words in bold and their definitions.
The words are used in the video. Complete the After you watch
sen tences in Exercise 2a with the words.
9 Work in pairs. Compare your personal reactions to
a float (v) to move slowly on the surface of water the video. Do you think the animation went well
or in air with Helen Sharman's words? Did anything surprise
b crewmates (n) members of a team on a ship, you? What was the overall message for you?
plane or spacecraft
c miss (v) to feel sad about things or people you 10 Vocabulary in context
aren't with now
d disappointed (adj) to feel unhappy with a I ij ltfj Watch the clips from the video. Choose
something that wasn't as good as you'd hoped the correct meaning of the words and phrases.
e connected (adj) linked or associated with a
thing, place or person b Complete the sentences in your own words. Then
work in pairs and compare your sentences.
3 Work in pairs. In the video you hear an astronaut, 1 I only ... on the odd occasion.
Helen Sharman, talking about being on the Mir 2 I never understand what ... has to do with ....
space station. Can you guess how she uses the 3 If you asked me ... , my response would be
words in Exercise 2b? 'absolutely!'
4 On a cold night, it's nice to feel the warmth of ....
hile you watch 5 I was laughing and crying at once when ....
6 It's best to tell someone gently if ....
I Clltll Watch the video. In which order (1-3)
does Helen Sharman talk about these 11 Work in small groups. Discuss the questions.
things (a-c)? 1 How often do you dream?
a her own feelings when she was on the 2 Do you usually have dreams or nightmares?
Mir module 3 Do you remember your dreams?
b her dream 4 Some people say dreams have meanings. Do
c what astronauts feel when they look at Earth you know of any common interpretations?
from space 5 What do you think of the idea of interpreting
dreams?
5 I Cll1li Watch the first part of the video (0.00-1.21)
again. Choose the correct option. curvature (n) / 'k3:v;itf;i / the curve of the outline of the Earth
1 She dreams about the liftofffrom Earth I being in seen from space
module (n) /'mod3u:I / a section of the space station
space.
orientation (n) / ,oriente1'f;in / the direction or way something
2 She floats towards a door I a window.
is pointing
3 She sees I doesn't see the stars. physical geography (n) / ,f1Z1bl d3i'ogr;ifi/ features such as
4 Sergei and her other crewmates are I aren't in mountains, rivers, deserts, etc.
the dream. rate (n) /re1t/ speed
5 She looks out of I wants to leave through the sedate (adj) /s;i'de1t/ slow and unhurried
window.
127

lOMoARcPSD|5974606

Grammar 4 f>iM:I Work in pairs. Discuss reasons for and
against making Base jumping illegal in the place in
1 Look at the photo of Base jumping. Complete the photo. Use terms from Exercise 3. What's your
the comments about the activity with the second conclusion?
conditional.
1 You absolutely terrified if it Vocabulary
the first time you did this. (feel I
be) 5 Complete the sentences with one word. The first
2 If I to the top of the cliff, I let ter is given.
definitely off. (get I jump) 1 This cut on my finger is taking ages to
3 If you .....................................................
the last person left on the
cliff top, you and go 2 These machines m .....................................................
the patient's
back? (be I turn around) condition.
4 I do this if you me 3 The treatment is uncomfortable, but it's not
there . (not be able to I take) p .....................................................
.
5 You yourself if some thing 4 Has she made an a ......................................................
to see the
wrong. (can kill I go) doctor?
6 If I over the edge, I . . 5 Ow, this bright sunlight my
sick. (look I feel) eyes!
6 Doctors t ........................................... several people for burn5
after the fire.
6 mM:I Work in pairs . Answer the questions in

your own words.
1 How might you sprain your ankle?
2 What would you do if a bee stung you?
3 What kind of things are people allergic to?
4 Have you ever broken a bone?
5 Do you know anyone who is afraid of
injections?
6 How serious is food poisoning?
ICAN
talk about t he body and injuries
talk about medicine and emergency medical
t reatments
Real life
7 Choose the correct option. Then decide what
injury or illness each piece of advice could refer tc
2 Read the comments again . Which ones do you 1 You should get I getting an X-ray.
agree with? 2 You'd better phone I phoning an ambulance.
3 mM:I Work in pairs. For each of these things, 3 It might be worth go I going to the doctor's.
agree on a definition and an example. Then 4 Have you tried take I taking antihistamines?
compare with another pair . 5 If I were you, I'd put I putting some cream on i-
1 an adrenalin junkie 8 f>iM:I Work in pairs. Act out two conversation s

2 bravery using advice from Exercise 7.
3 a dangerous place
ICAN
4 extreme sports
5 a life-threa tening situation describe injuries and give first-aid advice
ICAN
talk about improbable situations in the present or
the future (second conditional)
give descriptions or definitions of things which include
essential informat ion (defin ing relative clauses)
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
- - ·- ··----
·st
t1
FEATURES 1 Look at the photo and the caption. Which of these parts of a
news website do you think this photo would appear in?
130 Uncontacted tribes
business section homepage
How a viral video revealed a celebrity news national news
controversial story comment and analysis politics and society
current affairs sports section
132 Sending a message entertainment technology
What's the best way to get features world news
to your message across?
2 Work in pairs. Read the comments about the news. Think of at
134 Spreading the news least two ways to complete each comment.
An article about the impact 1 'I get the headlines direct to my mobile so that ... '
of social networks 2 'I don't usually click on headlines unless ... '
m i·
3 'I don't believe everything I read because ... '
138 Can you read my lips? 4 'I sometimes send a story to friends if .. . '
ons
A video about what it's like
to have hearing difficulties 3 CID Listen to four people answering questions about
the news. Compare their comments with your ideas from
Exercise 2.
4 Work in pairs . Look at the audioscript on page 188. Add two

more questions to the four questions in the audioscript. Then
work on your own and ask at least three other people your
questions. Compare your results.
NEWS STORIES PERSONAL COMMUNICATION APPS FOR MOBILE PHONES TELEPHONE MESSAGES 129
my life AN OPINION ESSAY
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
reading isolated tribes • grammar reported speech • speaking and writing news stories
11a Uncontacted tribes

Reading 3 Find this information in the article.
1 what happened when the photos were publishe d
1 Work in groups. Look at the headline and the
2 what Survival and Science disagree about
photo with the article . Discuss the questions .
3 who has had experience of contacting
1 What do you think the photo shows? isolated tribes
2 In which parts of the world would you expect 4 who has collected information about isolated
to find uncontacted tribes? tribes for many years
5 what kind of life the Awa man had in the fores-
2 Read the article . What kinds of organization are:
1 FUNAI?
4 Work in pairs . Read the Awa man 's comments at
the end of the article. Do you think he agrees with
2 Survival?
3 Science? Science or with Survival? Give your reasons. Who
do you agree with?
ome years ago, the Brazilian department for time that he wouldn't let a single Indian die. 'But,' he
Indian affairs (FUNAI) published photos of said, 'when the contact came, the diseases arrived, the
an uncontacted Amazonian tribe. FUNAI said that Indians died.'
the tribe was under threat from exploitation of the
The authors of the article in Sciencesaid that isolated
Amazonian forest. Around the same time, a BBC
tribes aren't viable in the long term. However, FUNAI
documentary showed video of the same tribe. The
said that populations of the tribes they had been
photos went viral, leading to a reaction worldwide .
monito ring via satellite images had increased over a 30-
Many online commentators asked what was being done
year period.
to save the tribe. Some people also asked if contact with
the outside world was actually a bad thing. Speaking to Survival, an Awa man from Brazil's north-
eastern Amazon said that when he'd lived in the forest,
Several years after the viral video, the subject was still
he'd had a good life and that if he met one of the
controversial. An article in the magazine Sciencesaid
uncontacted tribes he'd say, 'There's nothing in the
that it was possible to contact isolated Amazonian tribes
outside for you.'
safely. However, the NGO Survival disagreed. They
quoted Sydney Possuelo, a former head of FUNAI who
was talking about his experience with such tribes. He exploitation (n) /,ekspb1'te1fn / the unfair use of someone
said that originally he had believed it would be possible for another person's benefit
Descargado por Ismael Christian Achahui isolated
Vilca (draking_live_96@hotmail.com)
(adj) apart from others, alone
to make safe contact and that he had organized one of
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
Grammar reported speech 9 Read abou t the firs t contact som e trib es had w ith
outsiders . Comp lete the tex t with the correc t for m
REPORTED SPEECH of th e verbs for reporte d sp eech .
1 FUNAI said (that) the tribe was under threat.
2 He said at the time (that) he wouldn 't let a single
Indian die.
3 FUNAI said the populations had increased over a
30-year period.
4 Commentators asked what was being done to save
the t ri be.
5 People asked if contact with the outside world was a
bad thing.
For further information and practice , see page 176.
5 Look at the grammar box. Choose the actual

words (direct speech) the peop le u sed . What has
changed in the reported speech?
1 FUNAI said, 'The tribe is I was under threat.'
2 He said, 'I won't let /wou ldn't let a single
Indian die.'
3 FUNAI said, 'The popu lations have increasedI
had increasedover the last 30 years .'
4 Commentators asked, 'Wh at is being done I was
being done to save the tribe?'
5 People asked, 'Is I Was con tact with the outside
world a bad thing?' In the Survival video - ,· , tribal
people of Brazil spoke of their experiences of first
6 Work in pairs. Find three more examples of contact. One man said that his father 1 .............•...........•.....•.......•.. ....
reported speech in the article. Write them in
(make) friends with three white men and then he
direct speech.
. (fell) ill. Another man explained
7 Look at this sentence from the article . Choose the that they 3 (never have) contact with
correct option. diseases like measles or malaria before - although
there 4 .....................................................(be) diseases in the forest, they
The authors of the article in Science said that isolated .................................... (not kill) people. He said a lot of
tribes aren't viable in the long term. useful knowledge about forest life 6 (be)
lost because older tribespeople 7 (die).
When we report words that are still true at the
The final speaker said that his tribe 8 •.................. ...•..............
time of reporting, we need to I don't need to change
(be suffering) as a result of contact with outsiders
the verb form.
and asked the filmmakers how they 9 ...........................................
8 Write the direct speech as reported speech, (can stop) this happening.
changing the tenses correctly. Make changes to the
pronouns and time expressions as necessary.
1 The BBC camerawoman said, 'I've been filming Speaking and writing E rny lifuj
from a plane this morning.'
2 The BBC camerawoman said, 'We didn't speak 10 You are going to act out a n ews item. Work in two
to the people in the video.' pairs within a group of four.
3 The FUNAI spokesman said, 'We'll publish the
Pair A: Turn to page 153 and follow th e ins tru ctions.
photos tomorrow.'
4 The FUNAI spokesman said, 'A million people Pair B: Tum to page 154 and follow the ins truc tion s.
have seen these photos in only three days.'
5 A viewer asked, 'How long did it take to make 11 Work in your group again. Act ou t the dia logu es.
the film?' Then write a short news story abou t w h at
6 Several viewers asked, 'Can I watch the happened to the other pair .
video online?'
7 The BBC spokesman said, 'The film is being 12 Compare your report with the origina l news item.
shown tonight.'
13 Work in pairs . Tell your par tner about a vira l
8 The interviewer asked, 'Will you go back again photo or video you have seen.
next year?'
PERSONA L COM M UNICATION AP PS FOR M OBILE PHONES TELEPHONE MESSAGES 131

my OPINION ESSAY
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
Vocabularycommunications Listening
technology 3 Work in pairs. Read the headlines. What do you think
the stories are about? Write one sentence for each
1 Which of these things do you use? headline .
Which apps or companies do you prefer
for each one?
El Firm sacks workers by text
instant messaging biogs
search engines social media
video messaging mYouTubeor
'UFO-tube'?
2 Work in pairs. Complete the questions in
your own words . Then ask and answer the
questions.
mEmail alert II How to enjoy
1 Do you follow anyone on ...........................................? warns of traffic tomorrow's
2 Do you know how to upload videos to eclipse of
. ......................................?
chaos
3 Do you prefer calling or ... . .....................your the sun
friends?
4 Do you take many .... ...............?
El Tweet your way around the world
4 CID] Listen to four conversations about the headline s.

Write the number of the conversation next to the
headline. There is one extra headline .
--1
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
CII!JListen to the conversations again. 9 Read the reported comments. Write the actual
Choose the correct option (a--c). words the people used . ·1
1 The journalist asks her followers ... 1 Dinah invited me to join her group online. I
I
a to meet her for breakfast 2 I asked Dinah to send me a link with the
b to send in photos address. I
c to suggest things to do
2 The website reminds readers ...
3 I reminded Jared to sign out of his account.
4 Dinah offered to help me synchronize my I
a not to bookmark the eclipse page email accounts.
b not to use telescopes 5 I told Jared to delete the tweet.
c to check the weather 6 Jared promised to upload the video for me.
3 The company told people ...
a not to turn up for work .... REPORTING VERBS: THOUGHTS
b not to use text messages
Verbs like realize, think, know and wonder have the same
c to come to work early on Monday
pattern as say+ that and ask + if/whether.
4 The politician has invited aliens . .
I thought you were coming earlier.
a to come to his house Jared wondered if/whether you had forgotten.
b to come to a meeting
c to watch his video For further information and practice, see page 176.
Grammar reporting verbs 10 Look at the audioscript on page 188. Underline

reported thoughts with the verbs realize, think,
.... REPORTING VERBS: PATTERNS wonder and know .
ask I tell I remind I invite someone (not) to+ infinitive
11 Pronunciation contrastive stress
aromise I offer (not) to+ infinitive
a Cl.II Listen to these exchanges from two of the
=or further information and practice, see page 176.
conversations in Exercise 4. Notice how the words
in bold are stressed. Repeat the exchanges.
6 Look at the grammar box. Then answer the
1 A: It's a great idea to use social media for
questions.
something like that.
1 Underline the reporting verbs in the sentences B: I didn't realize social media could actually
in Exercise 5. How many verbs are there? be useful for anything!
2 What follows the reporting verbs in the 2 C: It says here there's an eclipse tomorrow.
sentences in Exercise 5 - a verb, a noun or the Did you know?
word that? D: Tomorrow? I thought it was today .
3 Which verb form is used for the reported words?
b CID Listen to four other exchanges. Repeat
7 Write the actual words the people used for the the exchanges.
sen tences in Exercise 5. Sometimes, more than one
answer is possible.
Speaking h ylite)
1 Can you suggest things to do?
12 Think of an offer, an invitation, a promise and a
8 Match the words in these sentences with the request for other people in the class. Write each
reporting verbs in the grammar box . Then write one on a piece of paper . Make sure you include
sentences reporting what the people said. your name and the name of the other person.
1 Dinah to Amy: 'Don't forget to turn off from Francesca: I'll help Belinda upload her video.
your mobile.'
Dinah reminded Amy to turn off her mobile. 13 Work in pairs. Exchange your pieces of paper.
2 Jared to Dinah : 'Can you set up my Then find the people and report what your
email account?' partner said. Then report each person's reaction to
3 Amy to Jared: 'Come and watch the film on our your partner.
new flat screen TV.' A: Hi, Belinda. Francesca has offered to help you
4 Dinah to Amy: 'Plug in the battery upload your video.
charger first.' B: Oh, great!
5 Jared to Dinah: 'I can put those photos on the
es. computer for you.'
6 Amy to Jared: 'Don' t worry, I'll switch it off
when I'm finished.'
NEWS STORIES PERSONAL COMMUNICATION APPS FOR MOBILE PHONES MESSAGES 133
my life OPINION ESSAY
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
reading community journalism • critical thinking opinions • speaking apps for mobile phones
11 c Spreading the news

Reading 7 Work in pairs. How is the community journalism
described in the article different from traditional
1 Look at the photo and the caption. How many local journalism?
different things do you use your phone for?
2 Work in pairs. Are you familiar with these terms? Critical thinking opinions
What do you think they mean? Read the article
quickly and underline the terms. Check your ideas.
8 Look at the question in the title of the article again .
Do you think the writer successfully answers
internet access community journalism this question?
the digital divide traditional media 9 Read these extracts from the article. The writer is
media organizations affordable technology expressing her opinion. Which words or phrases
tell you this? What is her opinion in each case?
3 Read the article again . Find information about
these things. Compare with your partner. 1 As a journalist myself , it seems clear that the
digital divide is also a problem for media
1 internet access in different places organizations.
2 mobile phone ownership in different places 2 Obviously, this has great benefits for rural
3 HablaGuate communities .
4 CGNet Swara 3 Clearly, community journalism works .
4 Answer the questions using information from 10 Underline two places in the article where the
the article. author gives the opinion or view of other people .
1 What kind of technology is used by the What two phrases does she use to introduce the
community journalism projects described? opinion or view?
2 What kind of news stories don't usually appear 11 Which sentence (a-c) best summarizes the write r '_
in traditional news media?
view of the digital divide?
3 What happens to the stories received by CGNet
Swara before they are shared? a The digital divide is a problem that needs to be
4 How successful is CGNet Swara? solved as soon as possible.
b The digital divide doesn't exist any more,
5 Work in pairs. Find how these words are used in since so many people have mobile phones.
the article and decide if they are adjectives, nouns c The digital divide has resulted in successful
or verbs. Then try to think of another word that alternative ways of connecting communities.
could replace them.
1 enables (line 27) 5 affairs (line 35)
2 links (line 28) 6 dial (line 44) Speaking
3 debate (line 29) 7 highlight (line 50) 12 Work in two pairs within a group of four. You
4 rural (line 31) 8 issue (line 51) are going to find out about new apps for mobile
6 Look at how the words in bold are used in these phones .
sentences. Which words in Exercise 5 have a Pair A: Turn to page 153 and follow the instructio m
similar meaning?
1 Living in a small country village, we are a long Pair B: Tum to page 154 and follow the instructio m
way from the city. 13 Tell the other students in your group about the
2 When you call the number, you hear a message . most useful apps on your phone . Which one coul d
3 Our class is going to discuss the main ideas of you not live without?
the film we watched today.
4 There are some serious environmental
problems around the factory.
5 The motorway connects the two cities.
6 The news reports emphasize the fact that
nobody was hurt in the accident.
7 There's a bus twice a day that makes it
possible for us to get to school.
8 Following the expansion, everyone is hoping
for an improvement in its financial
Descargado situationAchahui
por Ismael Christian . Vilca (draking_live_96@hotmail.com)
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
Lin.
e.
,_
be
hese days, the popular view is that we're all connected, making it easier to debate and participate in the kind
all of the time, by the internet. But are we? On the of local issues that don 't usually make headlines in the 30
one hand, we have people who live in cities . In many cities traditional media . Obviously, this has great benefits for rural
around the world, internet access is almost 100 per cent. communities. Following its success in Guatemala, Andrade
On the other hand, we have those who live in rural areas. has adapted the idea for other countries in Central America.
Even in richer countries, the number of rural households As she says, affordable technology like mobiles enables
with internet access is much lower than 100 per cent. And people to become active in local affairs that affect their lives. 35
n some rural areas of India, for example, it's less than
Halfway across the world, another journalist had a similar
one per cent. This situation is what's known as the digital
idea. Shubhranshu Choudhary used to report for the BBC in
divide - the gap between those who have and those who
his home country, India. According to Choudhary, the best
e don't have the communications technology that gives them
people to report on local issues are local people. He set up
easy access to information . As a journalist myself, it seems
CGNet Swara, a current affairs network based around news 40
clear that the digital divide is also a problem for media
0 that is sent on mobiles. Since 2010, more than three hundred
organizations.
thousand stories have been sent to the network, of which
Olli Fortunately, the lack of internet access doesn't always about five thousand have been fact-checked and shared. To
mean that people can 't connect to the wider world. That's listen to the stories, users dial the number of the network and
because there is one type of technology that over three choose an option on a menu to hear audio clips. For example, 45
tld billion people do have access to - the mobile phone. And one story was from a man who reported that elephants were
the great advantage of mobile phones is that you don't causing problems for his village. Another audio clip was from
need the internet to use them . Mobiles connect people to a woman who called in with the news that a local company
their friends and family, but they can also help to connect had finally paid its workers the wages that they were owed.
whole communities. In fact, a whole new type of community This was a direct result of her previous story that highlighted 50
journalism can exist thanks to mobile phone technology. the issue. What's more, the national media are now featuring
some of the stories from CGNet Swara.
Let's look at Guatemala - a country of fifteen million people
with twenty-two million registered mobiles . Guatemalan Clearly, community journalism works. And although the
journalist Kara Andrade developed a project, Hab/aGuate, digital divide may be a problem for more traditional media
that enables people to send their stories to a community organizations, some local communities have found ways of 55
website from their mobiles. HablaGuate links communities, overcoming this problem .
.... APPS FOR MOBILE PHONES 135

my life
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
real life telephone language • pronunciation po li te reques t s w ith can and could
11 d Can I take a message?

Real life telephone language 3 CID Listen to the conversations about the phon e
calls. Answer the questions .
1 Cl!) Listen to two telephone calls. Note down
1 Who is going to call Roger back?
the info rmation.
2 How many messages does the secretary give Jess?
1 Who is the call for?
2 Who is the call from? 4 Pronunciation pol ite reque sts w it h can
3 Wha t's the call about? and could
2 Cl!) Look at the expressions for telephone a Cl.Iii Listen to four requests . Notice how the
messages . Listen to the telephone calls again. Tick speaker's voice rises at the end in order to
the exp ress ions the speakers use. sound poli te.
LANGUAGE b Work in pairs. Practise making reques ts with

can and could and these ideas. Pay attention to
Introductions
sounding polite .
This is a message for Anna Price.
Could I speak to Jess Parker, please? 1 give me your name I number I address
Is Jess there? 2 leave my name I number I address
Can I take a message? 3 ask him / her to call me back I get in touch I
I wonder whether I could leave a message? give m e a ring
Message content 4 make an appointmen t
Can you ask her to ring me? 5 call round
It's about the apartment .
I' m returning her call. 5 Work in pairs. Look at the audioscrip t on page 18
I' d like to speak to her as soon as possible . for the second telephone call in Exercise 1. Take a
Caller's details role each and prepare your role. Then close your
I' m on 96235601 . books and practise the conversation. Change role_
My number is 96235601 . and repeat the conversation .
Can I take your name, please?
Who 's calling? 6 Work in pairs . You are going to leave a message
Endings for someone in your class. Use the expressions for
I'll try and call you later . telep hone messages to help you .
I'll phone back.
I'll let her know that you rang . Student A: Choose a classma te (Stu dent C). Decid
She'll get back to you. wh at your message is. 'Phone' Studen t B and lea\·
the message for Studen t C.
Stude nt B: Take the message for Studen t C.
Then change roles and rep ea t the telephon e call.
7 Work in a new pair with the classmate you too k

the message for. Give this per son the message.

lOMoARcPSD|5974606
--•1 1
11 e A point of view
rvriting an opinion essay b Write the words and expressions from the essay that are
used for these functions. Add a comma where necessary.
Work in pairs. Look at the title of the essay.
Discuss the question and make notes on at Starting a parag rap h
least two reasons to support your answer.
2 Read the essay and answer the questions .

1 Do you agree with the writer of the essay? Giving your opinion
2 Does the essay include the ideas you had
in Exercise 1?
3 What (other) ideas does the essay include?
Contrast ing opin ions
Giving examples
C Complete the essay with expressions from Exercise 3b.

Remember to add a comma where necessary. More
than one answer is sometimes possible. Compare with
These days, there are many different apps
your partner.
:ha t allow you to commun icate with other
people. I th ink this makes it easier to stay in . . nearly everyone has a phone that
tou ch with friends and fam ily, and also to make lets them get online. I've read that experts think we
new friends. spend too much time online and 2 we
........................................
sometimes feel pressure to answer messages quickly. But

Firstly, many people now have constant access to 3
... with both points.
the internet via smartphones as well as tablets
and PCs. This means that if you send someone .........................................................there are many great reasons to go online.
5
a message, they will see it stra ightaway . I th ink .......................................................you can use social media to connect with
that you stay in touch more easily when you can your friends. 6 .........................................................being online gives you
communicate quickly. access to lots of information.
In addit ion, there are lots of different apps .. the advantages of being online outweigh
available. For example, you can share photos , the disadvantages.
videos and links wit h peop le as well as text
messages. It's also very easy to have video chats. 4 Work in pairs. You're going to prepare an essay with four
You can do all of these things either for a small paragraphs. Choose one essay title. Write the introduction
charge or completely for free . Some people say (paragraph 1) together. Look at your notes and decide
it's not 'real' conversation, but I disagree . In my which ideas can go together in paragraphs 2 and 3.
opinion, it's t he same as writing letters used • Do people spend too much time online these days?
to be. • Is it a good idea to have one day a week 'off' the
To sum up, I believe that the number of apps on internet?
the inte rnet and t he low cost make it very easy • Do children under the age of ten need mobile phones?
to keep in touch with people . 5 Work on your own. Write paragraphs 2 and 3 to follow
your introduction. Then write the concluding paragraph.
Use expressions from Exercise 3b.
3 Writing skill essay structure
6 Use these questions to check your essay. Then exchange
a Match the functions (a-d) with the your essay with a new partner.
paragraphs (1-4).
• Have you organized your essay correctly?
a additional opinions I other opinions I • Is your opinion clearly expressed?
examples • Have you used expressions from Exercise 3b correctly?
b concluding statement referring to the
ideas in the essay 7 Work in pairs. Ask your new partner about one thing
c general statement and short response to they wrote in their essay.
the title
d statement to support your response
STORIES PERSONAL COMMUNICA TION A PPS FOR MOBILE PHONES TELEPHONE MESSAGES 137
my life AN OPINION ESSAY

lOMoARcPSD|5974606
11f Can you read my lips?
2
a
Learning sign language at school

lOMoARcPSD|5974606
Before you watch After you watch

1 Work in groups. Why do people use these three 7 Work in pairs. What did you learn from this video?
things? How much do you know about them?
1 a hearing aid 8 Vocabulary in context
2 sign language a I ti ifj Watch the clips from the video. Choose
3 lip reading the correct meaning of the words and phrases.
2 Key vocabulary b Answer the questions in your own words. Then

work in pairs and compare your answers.
a Read the sentences. The words in bold are used in
the video. Guess the meaning of the words. 1 Can you remember a time when something
clicked for you?
1 We used to play the same games every recess 2 How does it feel to launch into an explanation
when I was a kid. of something, then realize you don't really
2 The art exhibition was also an auditory understand it?
experience because each room had different 3 Being successful in life isn't a given. Do you
music playing. agree with this statement?
3 This note from Jim isn't very legible - I can't
work out what he's written. 9 I ti iii Work in small groups. Watch the section
4 Some children mumble because they are too of the video from 02.58 to 03.10 again. What do
shy to speak loudly in front of a class. you think the girl is signing? Take turns to tell the
5 Some people don't accept the concept of group about something that has happened to you
climate change, although I don't think it's hard recently using only signs. How successful are you?
to grasp.
6 We had to wade across a river, but luckily 10 Look at the signs below. Practise spelling your
nobody fell in. name.
b Match the words in bold in Exercise 2a with 11 Work in pairs. Take turns to spell words for your
these definitions. partner to guess.
a describing sounds and hearing

b a period of play between lessons at school BRITISH SIGN LANGUAGE - FINGERSPELLING
(Am Eng)
c to walk with difficulty through something wet
d to understand something that seems difficult
e words written clearly enough to be understood
f to speak too quietly and not clearly enough to
be understood
While you watch RIGHT

HANDED
3 I ti iii Watch the video. What is the girl, Rachel
Kolb, saying at the end of the video? brit ish-sign .co.uk LEARN BRITI SH SIGN LANGUAGE ONLINE AT
""'tl WWW .BRITISH-SIGN .CO.UK
4 I ti iii Work in pairs. Watch the first part of the
video (00.00-01.10) again. Discuss what you think facial hair (n) /'ferf;il ,he;i/ beards and moustaches
the video is demonstrating. grade (n) /gre1d/ a school year in the USA system
porcupine (n) / 'p:i:kj;i,pam / a small animal covered in spikes
5 I tl ill Watch the second part of the video rely on (v) /r1'la1 ,on/ depend on
(01.11-02.22) again. Note down the things that can swamp (n) /swomp / an area of land that is a mixture of
make lip reading difficult. Compare your answers water, soil and plants
with the class.
6 I Clill Watch the final part of the video (02.23

to the end) again. Answer the questions.
1 Does Rachel Kolb prefer to lip read or to sign?
2 What does she say happens when lip reading
works well for her?
139

lOMoARcPSD|5974606

Grammar Vocabulary
1 Underline six reporting verbs in the news item. 4 Work in pairs. Give an example of the kind of
Write the words that were originally used. story you would read about in these sections of a
news website.
1 business section 5 national news
2 celebrity news 6 politics and societ y
3 entertainment 7 sports section
4 homepage 8 world news
5 Match the beginnings of the sentences (1-4) with

the endings (a-d)
1 I usually text
2 I've never followed
3 It's really easy to upload
4 My friend takes
a anyone on Twitter.
b my friends because it's quicker.
c photos of all her meals with her phone!
d videos these days.
6 f>iM:I Work in pairs. What do you think are the

most usual ways of staying in touch with these
groups of people? Why?
T he executive chairman of Google, Eric Schmidt, once
said that there were only two states for children:
'asleep or online'. Recent studies claimed that vulnerable
cousins immediate family
current friends old school friends
young people could become addicted to the online world
ex-work colleagues people you met on holiday
and be unable to cope with the challenges of the real world.
grandparents
One study reported that teenagers who engaged with
social media during the night could damage their sleep.
The study said this would increase the risk of anxiety and ICAN
depression in teenagers . Teenagers who tried 'sw itching talk about news media
off' for a week told researchers that they had enjoyed the talk about communications technology
break, but they were worried about conversations they had
missed . Meanwhile, some organizations asked why the
government wasn't looking at ways of educating young Real life
people more on this matter.
7 Work in pairs. Put the sentences from one half of
a telephone conversation (a-e) into a logical ord er
Then act out the conversation, adding the other
2 Read the news item again. Answer the questions. person's words.
1 What are the main risks associated with being a Thanks. I'll try and call him later, anyway.
online for young people? b It's about the books he ordered. He asked me t
2 How did some teenagers feel when they didn't ring him.
go online for a week? c OK. Well, could I leave a message?
d Yes, I'm on 548632 until about five this
3 m1+1i:IWork in pairs. Tell your partner about
afternoon .
three stories you have read or heard recently in the
e Is Adam Meyer there, please?
news. Say:
• where you read or heard the stories ICAN
• why you remember them leave, take and pass on telephone messages
• what people involved in the stories said
ICAN
report people's words (reported speech)
use appropriate verbs to report people's words
(reporting verbs)

lOMoARcPSD|5974606
-- - .i-
FEATURES 1 Work in groups. Look at the photo and the caption. What do
you think the man 's job is? What's he doing?
142 The man who ate
2 llliiJ Listen to an interview with a farmer from the Hebrides.
his boots Check your ideas from Exercise 1.
Looking back at the mistakes
of some British explorers 3 llliiJ Can you remember the answers to the interviewer's
questions? Listen to the interview again and check.
144 Experts in the wild 1 Why do you need to move the sheep like this?
Listen to two stories about 2 When do you bring them back?
unexpected trouble
4 Work in groups. Can you work out the solution to this
farmer's problem?
146 The legacy of the
samurai A farmer has a fox, a chicken and a bag of grain . He needs
to cross a river . He 's got a boat, but he can only fit one other
Find out about Japan's thing with him in the boat. Remember that foxes eat chickens
famous soldiers
and chickens eat grain. How does he get everything across
the river?
150 Shark vs. octopus
A video about an encounter
between a shark and
an octopus
DECISIONS WHERE DID I GO WRONG? GOING BACK IN TIME MAKING AND ACCEPTING APOLOGIES 141
my life A WEBSITE ARTICLE
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
reading what explorers have to do to survive • grammar third conditional • speaking decisions
12a The man who ate his boots

Reading 3 Read the whole revi ew. Are these sentences true (T
or false (F)?
1 You are going to read a review of a book about
1 The British explorers learned a lot from the
Arctic expeditions called The man who ate his boots.
local Inuit people they met.
Work in pairs . Discuss the questions.
2 Tents were an appropriate type of shelter for
1 What kind of environment is the Arctic region? Arctic conditions .
2 What might go wrong on an expedition to 3 The British wore adequate clothing for the
the Arctic? weather in the Arctic .
3 How much do you know about the lifest yles of 4 The British pulled their own sledges rather
people who live in the Arctic? than use dog teams .
5 The British had no supply of vitamin C to
2 Read the first paragraph of the book review . Find treat scurvy .
the following information.
1 the reason for the British expeditions
4 What do you think the title of the book refers to?
2 what happened to the expeditions in the end Tell your partner.
3 two words to describe the British explorers
is 11. superb and profound writ er.... Nar ra tl\'C history
The man who ate his boots is a fascinating account of expeditions at hs absolute gripping -E:u.e'l'u.• .:rv•OE• ,
that went wrong. The book tells the story of the nineteenth century a uthor of The Pr:rfecl StQrm and ll'ar
British search for a route to Asia via the Arctic (the Northwest
Passage). Author Anthony Brandt describes many attempts by THE MAN
both land and sea that ended in failure and tragedy, including the
1845 expedition led by Sir John Franklin. Brandt shows how these WHO ATE
brave, yet sometimes foolish, British explorers would have avoided HIS
starvation, frostbite and even death if they'd copied the survival
techniques of the local Inuit people. Some of the more surprising BOOTS
details the book reveals include:
TH E TRAGIC HISTOHY
Tents
OF THE SEAHCH FOR THE
The British had seen how the Inuit built igloos, but they still used
tents. Tents freeze in sub-zero temperatures and don't keep the NORTHWEST PASSAGE
people inside them warm. If the British had built igloos, they would
have been warm even in the worst Arctic weather.
Clothing
Frostbite was common among the British but rare among the Inuit. If
the explorers had worn sealskin and furs like the Inuit, they wouldn't
have suffered from frostbite.
Dog teams
Why didn't the British use dog teams to pull their sledges? British
explorers pulled their sledges themselves right into the early
twentieth century. It cost Scott and his men their lives on their return
from the South Pole in 1912. frostbite (n) /'fro s(t)ba1t/ severe damage to
the body caused by freezing conditions,
Salad
usually affecting toes and fingers
The British did get something right, however, when Captain Edward
scurvy (n) / 'sk3: vi/ an illness affecting the
Parry grew salad vegetables in boxes on board his ship. It was known
mouth and teeth caused by lack of vitamin C
that fresh vegetables and fresh meat prevented scurvy, although at
sledge (n) /sled3/ a wooden object for
that time the reason for this - not enough vitamin C - hadn't been
transporting people and things across snow
discovered . Parry's men wouldn't have stayed healthy if they hadn't starvation (n) /sto:'ve1J;;m/ death or loss of
eaten the salads. strength caused by not eating

lOMoARcPSD|5974606
Grammar third conditional 7 Find two more third conditional sentences in the book
review.
THIRD CONDITIONAL
8 Complete the sentences using the third conditional and the
1 If the British had built igloos, they would have
verbs in brackets.
been warm even in the worst Arctic weather.
2 Parry's men wouldn't have stayed healthy if 1 If the British .........................................................
(wear) furs, they
they hadn't eaten the salads. (not I get) frostbite.
For further information and practice, see page 178. 2 The men ...................................................... (not I be) exhausted if they
.. (use) dogs to pull their sledges.
3 If the men ....................................................... (take) essential items only, the
5 Look at the grammar box. Which verb forms sledges mm (not I be) heavy .
are used to make the third conditional? (not I become) ill if they
4 They ........................................................
6 Look at the grammar box again. Answer the ... (know) their canned food was poisonous.
questions. 5 One expedition ....................................................... (not I get) stuck on the ice
if they .........................................................
(speak) to local people.
1 a Did the British learn to build igloos? 6 If the expeditions .........................................................(follow) local customs,
b Were they warm in the worst they ......................................................
(be) successful.
Arctic weather?
2 a Did Parry's men stay healthy? 9 Look at your completed sentences in Exercise 8. Say what
b Did they eat salads? actually happened.
1 The British didn't wear furs. They got frostbite.
10 Work in pairs. Match the pairs of sentences. Then write a
new sentence using the third conditional.
1 We forgot to check our flight times.
If we hadn't forgotten to check our flight times, we wouldn't
have missed the plane.
2 We didn't ask anyone for information.
3 A local man gave us a map.
4 We didn't plan things very well.
5 The airline didn't let me take my bag on board.
6 We didn't get into the museum for free.
7 We didn't check the weather forecast.
a I packed too much.
b The holiday was a disaster.
c We found our way to the castle.
d We missed the plane.
e We didn't take a phrase book.
f We didn't take appropriate clothes .
g We didn't have our student cards with us.
Speaking my life
11 Think of three times in your life when you had to make a

decision. They can be important or trivial decisions. Think
about the answers to these questions.
1 Was it easy or difficult to decide what to do?
2 How did you decide?
3 What would have happened if you had done something
different?
12 Work in pairs. Tell your partner about your decisions. Ask

your partner follow-up questions. Would you have done
the same things?
A: When we were in Year 10 at school, we had to choose which
foreign language to study.
B: Oh, so did we. What were your options?
A: French or German. And if I'd chosen German instead of
French, ...
WHERE DID I GO WRONG? GOING BACK IN TIME MAKING AND ACCEPTING APOLOGIES 143
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
listening unexpected problems • grammar should have and could have • wordbuilding prefixes in-, un-, im - •
speaking where did I go wrong?
12b Experts in the w ild

Listening 3 Work in pairs . You are going to listen to the storie s
of two difficult experiences Emma and Beth had .
1 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions . Before you listen , decide which story you think
these words come from.
1 Have you ever been camping? If so, what
did you take with you? What was the bones mosquitoes
experience like? exhausted remote
2 If you haven't been camping, would you like to
forest rice
go? Give your reasons. heavy steps screa ming
2 Read abo ut Emma Stokes and Beth Shapiro .
Answer the questions. 4 ClliD Listen to the stories . Check your answers
from Exercise 3. 9
1 Wha t do they do?
2 Wha t kind of places have they travelled to? mammo th (n) /'m rem;:i0/ an exti nct anima l, simi lar to
3 What kind of things could cause problems in an elep hant
those areas? tracker (n) /' trreb / a person w ho shows you the way in a
w ild place
t rumpe ti ng (n) /'trAmp1t1IJ/ the noise ma de by elep hant s
tusks (n) /tAsks / two lon g t eeth on the outside of the mo uth s
of some animals
5 ClliD Work in pairs. Look at the events from the

two stories . Decide if they are about Emma (E) or
Beth (B). Then listen to the stories again and put
the events in order .
a She got her gear and got out of the tent .
b She had to take her mosquito net off her face
to eat.
c She landed and set up camp .
d She was eaten alive by mosquitoes .
e The trackers woke her up by shouting.
Emma Stokes is a wildlife researcher who has led f They made a meal of rice and fish.
projects to protect gorillas and tigers . She often has g They made camp early one evening.
to cut paths through the forest and set up a camp. h When she went back, three of the tents
Her first-ever expedition was to the Central African were destroyed.
forest, where she had an unexpected experience .
6 Work in pairs. What was the difficult experience ir
each case? What would you have done?
Grammar should have and

could have
7 Read the comments. Who do you think said each
one - Emma or Beth?
1 'We could have died .'
2 'We couldn't have avoided the insects .'
3 'We couldn 't have imagined that would happe n.
4 'We should have checked the area before
we camped .'
5 'We should have gone there at a different tim e
of year .'
Beth Shapiro is a biologist and an expert on ext inct 6 'We shouldn't have put up our tents there.'
mamma l species. Much of her work is done on
expeditions. She often goes to Siberia, where she
hopes to find mammoth bones or tusks. On her first
visit there, however, living animals caused the prob lem.
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
8 Look at the sentences in Exercise 7 again. Match 11 Pronunciation should have and could have
the sen tences (1- 6) wit h the meanings (a- d).
a ia ut•I Listen to the sentences with could have and
a This was the right thing to do, but we didn' t should have from Exercise 10. Notice the weak form
do it. of have /h-;iv/.
b This was the wrong thing to do, bu t we did it.
c This was possible, but it didn't happen. b la M•I Listen again and repeat the sen tences .
d This was impossi ble and it didn' t h appen.
Wordbuilding prefixes in-,
HAVE and COULD HAVE
un- , 1m-
should (not)
have + past participle
could (not) WORDBUILDINGprefix in-, un-, im-
For fu rther informat ion and practice, see page 178. We can add in- and un- to the beginning of some
adjectives t o mean 'not '. We can also use im- before some
adjectives which begin with the letter 'p'.
9 Look at the grammar box. Choose the best option an inappropriate place, an unexpected experience, It was
to complete the sentences . impossible .
1 We would I should have brought more water - For further practice, see Workbook page 99.
I'm really thirsty now.
2 The elephants came so close we almost could I
couldn't have touched them . 12 Look at the wor db uilding box. Replace the words
3 We've run out of food - we should I shouldn't in bold with an adjective beginning wit h in-, un -
have known this would happen . or im-.
4 If I'd followed you, I should I could have got 1 We migh t see an elep hant today, but it's
there more quickly. n ot lik ely.
5 I should I would have asked what was in the 2 The guide is grea t even tho ugh he's n ot
drink before I drank it. experi enc ed.
6 If we'd taken the other road, we wouldn't I 3 In m y cou ntry, it's no t po lite to speak while
shouldn't have got lost. you're eating .
4 I ha te sleeping in a tent - it's cold and not
0 Comple te the story with should (not) have, could
comforta b le.
(not) have and pas t participle forms.
5 Don't worry about wha t to wear. The invi tation
says it's no t fo rm al.
6 My colleague is friendly, but he's n ot p atient.
Speaking my life
13 Look at the problems you may have when doing

some activities and wri te down one or two
solutions for each one . Then talk to other stu den ts
and find wh at advice they would give for one
of the problems.
Act ivity Prob lem

do ing homewor k couldn 't find info rmation
packed a sui tcase d idn 't have enough room
took photos came out blurry
m an anthropologist and once when I was working
ma ki ng a meal burned everything
in a remote area of Brazil, I ate something
went to visit a friend got lost
1.........................................................
(eat) . I was pretty sick.
I .........................................................
(feel) any worse, actually! I suppose
I ................................................... (have) some medicine with me, but I 14 Work in pairs. Compare the advice you were given
didn't. Anyway, the curandeira - the local healer - and decide which was the bes t advice.
brought me the strongest of their local medicine .
I .........................................................(take) it straightaway, but I didn't
because it smelled so bad. Of course, because of this
got much worse. So, the next day, I accepted the
medicine. And after a few terrible days, I got better .
Then I found out what the medicine was! I really
thi nk 5 1........................................................ (die) without it, though.
) my lifu) A WEBSITE ARTICLE
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
reading military experts • critical thinking relevance • word focus go • speaking going back in time
12c The legacy of the samurai

Reading Critical thinking relevance
1 How much do you know about the 6 Which of these sentences could be included as additional
samurai? Work in pairs . Try to answer information? Where should the sentences go in the article ?
the questions.
1 His words might easily have been spoken by a Bushid o
1 Who were the samurai? master from three centuries ago .
2 Where were they from? 2 The samurai promised to be loyal to these men, who
3 When did they live? needed soldiers to protect and increase their power.
4 What did they do? 3 In the late thirteenth century, a large Mongol army und er
the command of Kublai Khan , grandson of the Asian
2 Before you read about the samurai, look conqueror Genghis Khan, attacked Japan from the sea.
at these words. Work in pairs and make 4 Samurai also played Go, a board game about land
connections between the words. conquest.
5 The classic film Seven Samuraiby Japanese director
army duty fighting enemies
Akira Kurosawa has been described as one of the most
generals martial arts opponents
influential films ever made .
soldiers sword weapon
An army is made up of soldiers. Word focus go

3 Read the article about the samurai. 7 Look at these extracts from the article. What do the
Check your answers from Exercise l. expressions with go mean? Choose the correct option (a-c ).
Find the words in Exercise 2. 1 The original samurai were soldiers who went into battl e
4 According to the article, are these riding horses .
statements true (T) or false (F)? a fought b sat c travelled
2 Things didn't go well for the samurai.
1 The early samurai were similar to a didn 't move b were fine c weren't go -
European knights . 3 Samurai fighting skills went into decline .
2 The samurai eventually died out a improved b influenced others c weakened
following their defeat in battle. 4 The 'samurai' is asked if he would like to go back in time .
3 Samurai soldiers had a wide range of a return home b return to the past c start again
cultural interests.
4 The military skills of the samurai 8 Work in pairs . What do the expressions with go mean in
have been lost . these sentences?
5 The legacy of the samurai has spread 1 The battle plan went wrong and ended in disaster .
outside Japan. 2 The battle went on for six days non-stop.
5 Find these words in the article. Look at 3 The number of injured soldiers is going up daily.
how they are used and try to guess their 4 Suddenly, everything went quiet.
meaning. Then replace the words in bold 5 We've decided to go ahead with our plan .
in the sentences (1-6) with these words . 6 I'm going to have a go at flower arranging .
----..
battle-weary (line 29) appea 'I (line 51) Speaking
unarmed (line 39) lone (line 53)
overcoming (line 44) fierce (line 61) 9 Would you like to go back in time and experience life in a
different age and country? Or would you prefer to live in the
1 I don't understand the attraction of future? Think about these points .
war films.
• when and where
2 I think I'm winning against my
• why that time appeals to you
opponent.
• your role or position in that society
3 That boxer is frightening. He's so
• opportunities
intense and aggressive.
• possible dangers
4 The army was exhausted after
the attack. 10 Work in groups . Ask questions to find out about your
5 We fought without any weapons. classmates' time-travelling choices . What is more popular -
6 The police say they're looking for a the past or the future?
single, unaccompanied gunman.
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
The sword of a samurai is a symbol of authority

and luxury . It was both a weapon and an art
object. This double identity mirrored the
samurai themselves . As well as being soldiers ,
they used to socialize with artists, wr iters and
philosophers. Samurai genera ls did flower
arranging and went to the theatre. But of all
their cultural activities, the tea ceremony was
the most important . It was a slow and calm
tradition. It took place in a small room where
swords were forbidden, even to samurai, and
it must have been very inviting to battle-weary
soldiers .
Bushido is the soldier's code. It was first

written down as a kind of self-help manual
during the long period of peace when samurai
fighting skills went into decline. The martial
arts tradition continues in Japan to this day.
Millions of Japanese children still practise the
classic skills of sword fighting (kendo), archery
(kyudo) and hand-to-hand, unarmed fighting
(jujitsu) at school. But Bushido is also a code of m
ethics: honour, loyalty and sacrifice. As Terukuni
Uki, a martial arts teacher, explains, 'Here
we teach the spirit of winning, but it's not so
much defeating an opponent as overcoming
one's own self . These days it seems everyone
is looking for someone to blame rather than
focusing on himself . Our message here is that if
you try hard, at kendo or anything else, you will
enjoy life.'
The continuing appeal of the samurai is due to

a simple fact: he is one of the world's greatest
- e samurai (the word means 'one who serves') were the action figures. He's the lone swordsman who
e soldier class of Japan for nearly seven hundred years. kills dozens of enemies in the name of duty and
th e tenth century, the rulers in Kyoto tried and failed to indiv idual glory . The samu rai is the cowboy, the
ganize a conscript army. If the rulers had succeeded in knight, the gladiator, and the Star Wars Jedi
·s, the rich landowners might not have decided to employ all rolled into one . The samurai have inspired
·ivate soldiers and the samurai might never have existed. hundreds of films, video games, comic books
- e original samurai were soldiers who went into battle and TV dramas. In Japan, each spring, men put
ding horses and fought their opponents following ancient on samurai armour and act out famous samurai m.
ad itions . Their customs would have seemed familiar to the battles . These 'weekend' samura i look fierce
=.Jropean knights if they had ever met each other. Later, as and realistic, but, with their plastic goggles
e armies became larger and the fighting more violent, most and swords, they wouldn't have been a threat
murai trained for hand-to-hand fighting. However, during to the real thing. One of the 'samurai' is asked
ong period of peace in Japan th ings didn't go well for the if he wou ld like to go back in time . 'Hmm,' he
murai and eventually, in the 1860s, they lost thei r position replies. 'They seem like better times, but I don't
; power in Japanese society. think they were, really . It was live or die.'
archery (n) the sport or ruler (n) the leader of a country

fighting skill using bows and arrows elite (adj) /e1'li:t / the richest and most
conscript (n) /'b nskript / a soldier powerful people in a society
who is called up to fight by the knight (n) /na1t/ a soldier of a high
authorities status background
... DECISIONS WHERE DID I GO WRONG? ... GOING BACK IN TIME MAKING AND ACCEPTING APOLOGIES 147
my life ... A WEBSITE ARTICLE
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
real life making and accepting apologies • pronunciation sentence stress
12d I'm so sorry!

Real life making and accepting
apologies
1 Work in pairs. Do people apologize a lot in your
culture? Would you apologize in these situations?
• arriving late for a meeting
• forgetting someone's name
• serving food a guest doesn't like
• not liking the food someone cooks for you
• taking someone's chair in a cafe
• asking someone to repeat something you
didn't hear
• breaking something that belongs to
someone else
• handing in some work after the deadline has
passed at college
• losing something that belongs to someone else
2 You are going to listen to three conversations

in which people make apologies. Look at the
expressions for making and accep ting apologies.
What do you think the three conversations
are about?
3 l> lifl Listen to the three conversations and 6 Pronunciation sentence stress
check your ideas from Exercise 2.
a •> Ml Listen to the expressions for making anc;
4 1a t1!I Listen to the conversations again . Then accepting apologies . Notice which word in black
answer the questions.
stressed. Repeat the expressions.
1 What is the problem?
2 How is the situation resolved? b Work in pairs. Take turns to speak and respond
using an appropriate expression. Pay attention tc
the words you stress.
MAKING AND ACCEPTING APOLOGIES
1
1 Excuse me. This is a no smoking area.
I' m reall y sorry you've gone to all this trouble . 2 I'm so sorry . I forgot to bring your book bac k.
There 's no need to apolog ize - it's not a problem . 3 Excuse me. That seat is taken.
It's my fault. I'll make you something else. 4 You should have told me you didn't eat gar lic
2 5 Why is there no milk left?
I couldn't help it - I sl ipped . 6 I'm really sorry I didn't tell you I was comin g
Don 't blame me - this floor is slippery . 7 Excuse me . Please wait until the waiter sho w_
Look , it was an accident ! It coul_d have happened to you to a table.
anyone. 8 Sorry, we don't accept credit cards.
It's not your fault. Sorry I got upset .
3 7 Work in pairs . Choose one of the problems in
I'm so sorry to keep you wait ing . Exercise 1 or use your own idea. Decide what
Don 't worr y about it - that service is terrible . your relationship is and take a role each . Prepar e::.
Sorry about that ! conversation which includes at least one apolog y
It's j ust one of those th in gs - buses are unreliable !
8 Act out your conversation in front of another pair.
Can they identify the situation and the relations hif
5 Work in pairs. Do you think all of the expressions
for making and accepting apologies would be
appropriate in each of the three relationships?
Why? I Why not?

lOMoARcPSD|5974606
12e How to behave •••

Writing a website article 5 Writing skill checking your
writing
1 Work in pairs. Have you ever spent time in an English-
speaking country? Tell your partner three things (apart from a Look at this list of seven things which
the language!) you found strange or different there. you should use to check your writing.
Has the writer of the website article
2 You are going to read an article from a website which already checked all the things?
arranges host families for foreign language students in the
United Kingdom. What advice do you expect to find there? grammar spelling
Tell your partner. linking words style
organization vocabulary
3 Read the article and see if your ideas are mentioned.
relevance
4 What do you think of the advice? Does any of it surprise you?
b The writer can improve the article by
• •• avoiding some words that are repeated .
Look at the first line of the article. Who
or what does them refer to?
C Replace the other highlighted words in

the article with these words. There is
one extra word.
It one She That the same

their them there they This
6 Work in groups. You are going to

write an article for students coming to
your country. Brainstorm ideas. Use
these categories or ideas that are more
relevant to your culture.
• celebrations
• dress
• food
• formality
I've stayed with several families in Britain and Ireland and each • greetings
of them has been different . But there are some key things I can • house rules
pass on about getting the best out of your stay. I hope these • meal times
things are useful! • money
Even though you are a paying guest in their home, take a small 7 Work on your own. Choose three to
gift for your hosts. You'd expect a gift from a guest, I'm sure. five ideas from your list in Exercise 6.
Your stay is not just about learning English. British and Irish Write an article of 150-200 words.
people will expect you to show an interest in British and 8 Use the list in Exercise Sa to check and
Irish culture . revise your article.
Take some photos from home so that you can talk to your
hosts about the photos. Taking the photos will also give you 9 Exchange articles with the other
more opportunities to actually speak English too. members of your group. Which were
the most common topics?
You're not a tourist, so don't behave like a tourist. Your host
family will be getting on with normal life. Normal life is what
you are there to experience!
And finally, remember the importance of being punctual (two
o'clock means two o'clock!), polite (be careful with expressions
you've picked up from pop music and movies!) and sociable
Goin in with things - at least the first time) .
lOMoARcPSD|5974606

lOMoARcPSD|5974606
Before you watch Student B: the giant Pacific octopus

4 three ways it keeps itself safe from predators
1 Work in groups. Look at the photo and the
caption. Discuss the questions.
1 What do you know about this animal?
2 How would you feel if you were the diver? Why? 5 usual food
3 Which animal would frighten you more: an
octopus or a shark? Why? 5 I Clfjl Try to complete the summary of what
4 What do you think might happen in a meeting happened in the tank. Watch the video again to
between an octopus and a shark? check your answers if necessary.
2 Key vocabulary The spiny dogfish shark is a predator, but the

octopus is not its usual prey. If it was, the
a Read the sentences. The words in bold are used in aquarium staff wouldn't have put them in the
the video. Guess the meaning of the words. same 1 .........................................................
. But then, dead .... .
2
1 We have a tank with eight different kinds of started to appear at the bottom of the tank.
tropical fish in it. They're beautiful to look at. The 3 .........................................................
were worried. But then they
2 Mice can be killed by several predators , such as discovered that the 4 .... . .................... was attacking
foxes and birds, and of course, cats. the 5 ....................................... Nobody had expected this
3 A tiger's stripes help to camouflage it as it to happen. The octopus was more dangerous than
moves through grass and bushes. the sharks!
4 Polar bears are the same colour as their
surroundings in winter, when everything After you watch
is white.
5 Some animals release a strong smell when they 6 Vocabulary in context
are in danger.
a I Cit.II Watch the clips from the video. Choose
b Match the words in bold in Exercise 2a with the correct meaning of the words and phrases.
these definitions.
a to use patterns and colours so that it's difficult b Answer the questions in your own words. Then
to be seen work in pairs and compare your answers.
b the place where you are and the things that 1 What other words can you use to get someone's
are there attention when you start to speak?
c to allow a liquid or gas to escape 2 Think of some well-known inventions
d animals that kill and eat other animals to survive or products. Do you know how they got
e a large container of water to keep fish and their names?
similar animals in 3 What kind of thing do people dine on in
your country?
While you watch 7 Work in small groups. Brainstorm as many
3 I Clfji Watch the video and check your ideas animals as you can in two minutes. Then
from Exercise 1question4. Are you surprised? discuss the connections between them - which
are predators and which are prey? How many
4 I Clfjl Work in pairs, Student A and Student B. animals can you connect into a 'food chain'?
Watch the first part of the video (0.00-1.38) again.
Make notes about your animal. Then tell your aquarium (n) /g'kwegrigm/ a type of zoo for fish and other
partner. sea animals
beak (n) /bi:k/ the hard part of a mouth, usually on a bird
Student A: the spiny dogfish shark dismiss (v) /d1s'm1s/ to reject or not consider something
1 usual food prey (n) /pre1/ an animal that is killed and eaten by a
predator
sucker (n) /'st..b / part of an animal's body that helps them
2 how it gets its name
hold things
welfare (n) /'welfeg / health or safety of people or animals
3 usual behaviour
151

lOMoARcPSD|5974606

Grammar ICAN
......................
talk about things that did not happen
1 Complete the article about the photo with the (should have and could have)
correct form of the verbs.
talk about the hypothetical results of things that
did not happen (third conditional)
Vocabulary
4 Write adjectives with the correct prefix which
mean the same as:
1 not appropriate
2 not comfortable
3 not experienced
4 not formal
5 not likely
6 not patient
7 not polite
8 not possible
9 not unexpected
5 Write sentences with four of the adjectives from 2

Exercise 4.
This photo is one of the most famous photos of the rare snow 6 f>iM:I Work in pairs . Tell your partner about a 3
leopard. What makes this photo so extraordinary? Firstly, time when:
patience. The photographer, Steve Winter, spent ten months
on this assignment. If he 1 .........................................................
(be) in a hurry, he • something went wrong
.......................................................
(not get) his shots. Secondly, dedication. • you had a go at something new
Steve camped out for six weeks at 30 degrees below zero, • something went on for longer than you
conditions in which he 3 ......................................................
(freeze) to death! Next, expected
cooperation. Steve credited the knowledge of local experts • something went up in price or number very
Tashi Tundup and Raghu Chundawat, without whom he quickly
.......................................................
(not be able) to go ahead with the project.
ICAN
Finally, the animal itself. Steve says the photo 'was a real
use negative prefixes correctly
collaboration between the snow leopard and myself'. And it's
true. Imagine how differently the photo 5 .......................................... (turn talk about things with expressions with go
out) ifthe snow leopard 6 .............................................(not go) hunting,
slowly and silently, on that snowy night.
Real life
7 Work in pairs. Complete the exchanges with the se
2 Read the article again. Which statements are true, expressions. Then continue the conversations.
according to the information given?
Don't worry about it - It's not your fault. Pai
1 A combination of factors led to the success of
the photo. No, it's my fault. Well, don't blame me -
1
2 Steve Winter nearly died on this assignment.
3 Winter needed help to find the leopard. 1 A: I'm so sorry I forgot to call you last night.
4 The photo shows the leopard while it's B: ............... ........................ ..... ......... I wasn't at home anyway.
hunting. 2 A: Oh, no. We haven't got any orange juice left.
B: ............ .......... ......... ..... ..... ........... I don't even drink it.
3 f>iM:I Work in pairs. Read the sentences about
Steve Winter. Discuss what would/might/ could 3 A: I'm really sorry about getting upset
have happened if the situations had been different. yesterday.
B: ................I shouldn't have shouted!
1 His first camera was a gift from his father on
his seventh birthday. 4 A: Sorry about the problem the other day.
2 The snow leopard has a reputation for being B: .................................... .. ....... ........ You did nothing wrong. 2
impossible to find.
ICAN
3 Steve didn't get any shots until he moved
higher up the mountain. make and accept apologies 3
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
UNIT 3b Exercise 10, page 37 UNIT 11a Exercise 10, page 131
Pair A Pair A
Read the solution to puzzle A. Pair B will ask you Read the news story. Write a short dialogue
questions to discover the answer to this puzzle. Then ask between the man and a rescuer. Practise your
Pair B questions to discover the answer to puzzle B. Then dialogue so that you are ready to act it out for Pair
turn back to page 37. B. Then turn back to page 131.
Solution to puzzle A A walker who got lost in the hills was rescued this
The people on the yacht decided to have a diving weekend after taking a photo with his phone and
competition. When they were all in the water, they emailing it to the Volunteer Rescue Service. The man
discovered they had forgotten to put a ladder down had fallen and was injured, but with no maps he
the side of the yacht. They couldn't get back into the couldn't tell the rescuers where he was. He took the
yacht, so they drowned . photo after advice from the rescue team, who then
recognized the location immediately.
UNIT 9a Exercise 10, page 107

Student A UNIT 11c Exercise 12, page 134
Pair A
1 Complete the sentences with the passive form of the Read the notes. Practise describing the apps in
verb in brackets. your pair and make up a name for the app. Then
tell Pair B about them . App 3 is the one that
2 Read the sentences to your partner. Student B must
decide if the sentences are true or false. doesn't exist.
1 audio clips of different sounds - when you
3 Listen to your partner's sentences. Decide if they are need to invent a reason to end a conversation
true or false. (Your sentence 3 is false.) 2 food app - tells you how many calories in food
1 Same-day shipping .....................................................................................by over 3 clean clothes app - tells you when clothes are
80 per cent of online shoppers nowadays. (demand, dirty and need washing
present simple)
2 By 2030, a mobile device .......................................................................... by
three out of four people globally . (own, future)
3 By 2030, cash .... . ......... no longer . . UNIT 1b Exercise 14, page 13
in most stores in Europe. (accept, future) Pair A: The Blue Quiz
4 More and more brands . . . . . . . ............................................ to Ask Pair B the questions without the options . Give
show that their products are ethical and this them 5 points if the y can answer the question
immediatel y. Give them 1 point if they need to hear
will continue into the future. (expect, present the options. The correct option is in bold.
continuous) 1 Where does the Blue-footed booby live?
5 In the next few years, over a quarter of all a in South Africa
purchases ..................................................................................... following b in Australia and New Zealand
recommendations on social media. (make, future) c on the west coast of Central and South America
The feet of adultfemale birds are darker than those of
adult males or young birds. The colour comes from the
UNIT 10a Exercise 9, page 119 fish the birds eat.
Pair A 2 Who lives in the Blue House in South Korea?
a the president
b theking
1 Think of one example for each of these categories. c the prime minister
Write at least four clues for two of your examples It's his officialhome and it's got a blue-tiledroof.
using the second conditional. 3 Do yo u know the name of the country where the
Blue Nile begins?
• ajob a Sudan
• a famous person b Ethiopia
• an animal c Uganda
• a country It begins in Lake Tana and then joins the White Nile to
form the Nile river.
job - airline pilot 4 Which part of the USA is famous for Blues music?
If we did this job, we'd spend a lot of time travelling. a the west coast
b the deep south
2 Read the sentences to Pair B. They must guess your c the mid-west
Blues singers sing about their difficultlife or bad luck
job, person, etc. Be prepared to give extra clues.
in love. These people can be said to have the blues.
3 Listen to Pair B's sentences. Guess the job, person, etc.
153

lOMoARcPSD|5974606
Communication activities
UNIT 3b Exercise 10, page 37 UNIT 11a Exercise 10, page 131
Pair B PairB c
Ask Pair A questions to discover the ans w er to puzzle A. Read the news stor y. Write a short dialogue r
Then read the solution to puzzle B. Pair A will ask you bet ween Adam and Core y. Practise your dialogu e 5
questions to discover the answer to this puzzle . so that you are read y to act it out for Pair A. Then a
turn back to page 131. g
Solution to puzzle B
The man had fallen into the Dead Sea. This is actually A message in a bottle which was put into the Atlan t ' j.
a salt -water lake. The salt density is so high that you Ocean in Florida has reached Ireland. Adam Flanne l) e
can easily float on the surface of the water. aged 17, found the bottle which had been sent by Il
high school student Corey Swearingen. The message
gave Corey's contact details and asked the finder
UNIT 9a Exercise 10, page 107 to get in touch with details of where the bottle
Student B ended up.
1 Complete the sentences with the passi ve form of the

verb in brackets. UNIT 11c Exercise 12, page 134
Pair B
2 Listen to your partner's sentences. Decide if they are
true or false . Read the notes . Practise describing the apps in
your pair and make up a name for the app. Then
3 Read the sentences to your partner. Student A must tell Pair A about them. App 2 is the one that
decide if the sentences are true or false. (Your sentence doesn't exist.
3 is false .) 1 how much sun cream?- tells you how sunny
1 The amount of money which ... it is
by the middle classes around the world will triple 2 late homework excuses - gives you different
by 2030. (spend, present simple) things to say to your teacher
2 By 2030, over $500 billion ... . ..................via 3 positive messages - sent to your phone each
mobile payments, compared to $75 billion in 2016. day. 'I'm wonderful ', etc .
(spend, future)
3 Larger and larger stores .....................................................................................
to meet UNIT 1b Exercise 14, page 13
increasing demand from shoppers. (build, future) Pair B: The Yellow Quiz
4 Delivery in 1- 3 hours ....................................................................................
by over Ask Pair A the questions w ithout the option s. Give
60 per cent of online shoppers nowadays . (request, them 5 point s if they can ans wer the question
present continuous) imm ediat ely. Give them 1 point if the y need to hear
5 Personal information . . ..............................with the options. The correc t option is in bold .
retailers by the majority of shoppers in the next few 1 Where are yellow taxi cabs from origin ally?
years. (share, future) a Chicago
b New York
c Washin gton
UNIT 10a Exercise 9, page 119 Mr Hertz started the Yellow Cab Company (in 1915)
Pair B because yellow is easy to see from a distance.
2 Which yellow fruit does the Californian Fruit
1 Think of one example for each of these categories. Festival celebrat e?
Write at least four clues for two of your examples a thebanana
b the lemon
using the second conditional. c the pin eapple
• ajob There are lemon festivals in Californiaevery year.
• a famous person 3 Which sport gives a yellow jersey to the winner ?
a golf
• an animal b horse racin g
• a country c cycling
job - airline pilot More than 100 years ago, a newspapergave money
to pay for the Tour de France. The leader's jersey
If we did this job, we'd spend a lot of time travelling. is the same colour as the paper the newspaperwas
printed on.
2 Listen to Pair A:s sentences . Guess the job, person , etc. 4 Can you tell me where the house that inspired Van
Gogh's 'Yellow House ' paintin g is?
3 Read your sentences to Pair A. They must gues s your a inHolland
job, person, etc. Be prepared to give extra clues . b inSpain
c in France
Van Gogh spent the summer of 1888 in Aries, in the
south of France.
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
UNIT 4d Exercise 8, page 52 UNIT 5 Review Exercise 9, page 58

Student A: Choose a number (1-12). You are going to Baklava
make this request. A rich, sweet pastry with chopped nuts and syrup or
Student B: Look at your partner's number. Choose an honey. From Turkey, the Caucasus and central Asia.
appropriate situation (a- d) for this request. You are Borscht
going to respond to the request. A soup popular in many Eastern and Central
Act out a conversation in this situation. Use the European countries. Main ingredient: beetroot.
expressions on page 52 to help you. Take turns to Coq au vin
make requests and respond. A French chicken stew cooked with wine,
mushrooms, herbs and garlic.
Request
Couscous
1 You want to sit down.
From North Africa. A dish of semolina served with a
2 The phone number on a letter isn't clear.
meat or vegetable stew .
3 You don't know where the company
buildings are. Fondue
4 You want an application form sent in the post. Popular in Switzerland and France originally. Pieces
5 You haven't got a pen. of bread are dipped into a dish of melted cheese.
6 You need a taxi.
Goulash
7 You need to know the time.
A Hungarian meat soup or stew, flavoured with
8 You want help with an application form.
paprika.
9 You need a lift somewhere.
10 You want to leave your coat somewhere. Grav lax
11 You want to wash your hands. Raw salmon cured in salt, sugar and the herb dill.
12 You want to use the phone. From Scandinavia.
Situation Kebab
Cubes of meat (or fish) on a skewer, cooked over an
a You're with a friend. open fire. Originally from Central and Western Asia.
b You're in the reception area of a company.
c You're in an interview. Lasagne
d You're on the phone. An Italian dish of pasta sheets layered with cheese,
meat and tomato sauce and baked in the oven.
Paella
A rice dish originally from Valencia, Spain. Rice
is cooked in a shallow dish with meat or seafood.
Saffron flavours and colours the rice.
Sauerkraut
From northern Europe. Shredded cabbage is
fermented until it has a sour flavour.
Tortilla
1 A type of flatbread made from corn or wheat in
Central America.
2 A potato omelette from Spain.
UNIT Ga Exercise 2, page 70

Well, clearly the matches are to light the candle with
and we know that drawing pins are for attaching
things to other things. But what about the box? Yes,
it's for holding the drawing pins. But you can also use
it to hold the candle. And then you attach the box to
the wall. Did you get it? Yes? Congratulations, you're
a flexible thinker.
155

lOMoARcPSD|5974606
GRAMMAR SUMMARY UNIT 1

Present simple and present continuous Some verbs can be both stative and dynamic. The E
We use the present simple to talk about things which meaning changes if you use the continuous form.
I think it's a good idea. (stative : think= believe) 1
are permanent or generally true, such as facts, repeated
Sssh! I'm thinking. (dynamic: think= use your brain )
behaviour, habits and routines.
She works for the United Nations. Exercises 2 and 3
I usually get a new phone every year.
I don't drive to work. I always walk or go by bike. Question forms: direct questions
We use the present continuous: We normally form questions with auxiliary verb +
subject+ main verb.
• to talk about something in progress at the time of Are you leaving now? (are = auxiliary verb,
speaking . you = subject , leaving = main verb)
Wait a minute - I'm just writing an email.
Most tenses include an auxiliary verb. For the
• to talk about things that are in progress around the present simple and past simple, we add a form of the
time of speaking, but not necessarily at that exact auxiliary verb do.
moment. Where do you live?
He's looking for a new job at the moment. Did you like the film?
• to talk about a changing situation . Some questions ask about a subject.
Smartphones are getting more sophisticated all the time. A : Who wants a coffee?
1 B: Valentina wants a coffee. (Valentina = subject)
When we ask about the subject of a sentence, we use
Dynamic and stative verbs the same word order as in a statement. 2
Most verbs have dynamic meaning - they describe Who's seen this film? (not Has whe seen this film?)
actions or things that happen . We can usually use
dynamic verbs in both the simple and continuous We don't use do, does or did for the present or past
form . simple.
Who speaks Arabic? (not Whe Glees speak /,·rnhic?)
_ I usually read books about travel and culture.
What happened? (not What did happen?)
I'm reading a great book at the moment .
Exercises 4 and 5
Some verbs have stative meaning - they describe states
such as thoughts and mental processes, the senses,
emotions, qualities and existence. We usually use
Question forms: indirect questions
stative verbs only in the simple form. We use indirect questions to be less direct, because w e
Do you know Sue? (not Are yeu knewing Sue?) want to be more polite or formal, or when we think
I don't understand. (not I'm net uruierstanding.) the person we are asking may not know the answer.
Common stative verbs include: Indirect questions begin with a question phrase such
as Do you know ... , Can you tell me ... and Could you
Thoughts admire, agree, appear, believe, care, 3
tell me ... .
and mental depend, expect, feel, forget, hope,
processes imagine, know, look (like), mean, mind, Do you know where they are from?
realize, recognize, remember, seem, In wh- questions, we put the wh- word after the
sound, suppose, think, understand question phrase.
The senses feel, hear, see, smell, taste Could you tell me where she lives?
Emotions, likes hate, like, love, prefer, need, want
In yes/no questions, we put if after the question
and desires
phrase.
Qualities and come (from), consist of, contain, cost, Do you know if we can book in advance?
possession deserve, fit, involve, measure, sound, suit,
weigh We use the same word order as in a statement.
belong, have (got), own, possess We don't need to add do, does or did.
Existence be, be from, come from, exist Can you tell me where the museum is?
(not Can yeu tell me cl::h"iere is the museum?)
Do you know where she went?
Some stative verbs can sometimes be used in the
(not De yeu knew where did she ge?)
continuous form, especially in more informal contexts.
We do this when we want to emphasize that the 6
situation, feeling or attitude is at the moment, and is
not permanent.
I'm feeling much better today.
I'm loving this weather.

lOMoARcPSD|5974606
Exercises 4 Write questions for these answers.

1 Where ...
1 Complete the exchanges with the present simple
People wear white at funerals in East Asian
or present continuous form of the verbs.
countries.
1 A: They ... . ..........................(have) really good 2 When ...
seafood here. It's what I usually Hong Kong became independent from the UK
... (eat) when I .... in 1997.
(come) here. 3 Howmany ...
B: Oh, I'm vegetarian. I .................................................. (not I About half the European countries use the euro .
eat) seafood. 4 What ...
2 A: Oh no! It .... ..........................................(rain) again! Ciao means both 'hello' and 'goodbye' in
B: Yeah, I'm afraid it ........................................................ (rain) a lot English.
here at this time of year. 5 Who ...
3 A: You ... ........ (work) at the university, The Chinese invented paper.
right? 6 Which
B: Normally, yes. But I ... The two South American countries that don't
(not I work) there at the moment. have a coast are Paraguay and Bolivia.
I .....................................................
(have) a break from teaching
and I ................................................... (take) a year out. 5 Look at the interview with a travel writer. Write
I .......................................................
(write) a book, actually. I'm the questions.
about halfway through. 1
I became a travel writer by writing about my
2 Complete the sentences with the present simple or travels on a blog. A magazine saw it and liked
present continuous form of the verbs
what I did and asked me to write for them.
(not I remember) my first day
1 I ...................................................... 2
at school. The qualities and characteristics you need to be
2 We ........................................................
(prefer) the blue hats to the a travel writer are a love of travel, independent
red ones. thinking and cultural sensitivity.
3 Kate isn't sure about going to the conference, 3
but she .........................................................
(think) about it. At the moment, I'm working on an article about
4 They're in the kitchen. They .... some of the smaller ethnic cultures in South East
(have) lunch. Asia.
(not I realize) what he
5 Ben ....................................................... 4
... (need) to do. I usually choose my destinations. However,
6 I mm (think) this jacket ........ sometimes a magazine will ask me to go to a
(belong) to Lauren. particular place .
5
3 Choose the correct options to complete this extract I prepare for a trip by reading as much as
from a book about the world's cultures. possible about the place I'm visiting and getting
The word 'culture' 1 comes from I is comingfrom advice from other authors who know the place.
the Latin 'colere', which 2 means I is meaning 6
to cultivate and grow. Culture 3 is I is being the What I find most exciting about my job is
characteristics, knowledge and behaviour of a arriving in a new place for the first time .
particular group of people. This 4 includesI is
including language, religion, cuisine, social habits ,
6 Rewrite the direct questions as indirect questions.
music and arts. Today, cultural diversity across the 1 What language do they speak in Mauritius?
planet 5 increasesI is increasingfaster than ever. This Do you ....
is because people 6 move and mix I are moving and 2 Where is Robert Fisher's office?
mixing more easily and freely around the planet. Could you . .
At the same time, and as a result, more and more 3 Which terminal does the flight go from?
people, especially the younger generation, 7 feel I Do you ....
are feeling that they 8 don't belong I aren't belonging to 4 Where did Julia go?
a particular culture . Could you ....
5 Do people usually shake hands when they
meet?
Do you ....
6 Why do you need a new passport?
Can you ....
157

lOMoARcPSD|5974606

Present perfect simple already, just and yet
Form We often use the present perfect to talk about the
recent past with already,just and yet.
We form the present perfect simp le with have/has +
past participle. We normally use the contractions 've • We use already in affirmative sentences and
and 's after pronouns. questions to say what has happened or is
The record store has closed. complete, often earlier than we expected.
I haven't bought any CDs recently. I've already called Paul.
How many bands have you seen? Julie has already bought the tickets! (=I didn't
I've read that book. expect this.)
Many common past participles are irregular. They • We use just in affirmative sentences to say that
can be the same as an irregular past simple form something happened very recently.
(e.g. buy- bought - bought) or different to an irregular He's just come back from work. (=He came back a few
past simple form (e.g. see - saw - seen). For a full list of minutes ago.)
irregular past simple and past participle forms, go to • We use yet in questions to ask if something is
the inside of the back cover. complete.
Use Have you made lunch yet?
We use the present perfect simple : We put just and alreadybefore the past participle. 2
We put yet at the end of a question.
• when we don't know exactly when an activity or
Have you spoken to Mike yet?
situation started.
(not l-iR7:Je yeu yet speken te l'v4:ike?)
Millions of people have bought their music.
111> Exercise 3
• when an activity or situation started in the past
and has an effect on the present. Present perfect simple and past simple
It has become much easier to listen to music.
(=It became easier in the past and it's still easier.) We use both the present perfect simple and the past
They've released a new album. (= They produced it in simple to talk about situations and events in the past.
the past, but it's new and availablenow.) We use the present perfect simple when we don't sa y
• to talk about activities and situations that started when something happened.
in the past and continue in the present. They've played concerts in over sixty different
Use for to talk about a period of time. countries.
I haven't been to a concertfor years. Robert's bought a new car.
Use since to talk about a point in time. We also use the present perfect simple with ever and
They've lived here since 1960. never to talk about experiences in our whole life .
• with superlatives. Have you ever sung in front of an audience?
I think that's the best song they've written. I've never listened to their music.
We use the past simple when we say - or it is clear
gone and been
from the situation - when something happened. 3
The past participle of go is gone. It means 'go and stay I started a new music course last week.
away'.
William's gone to his brother'shouse. (= He went With the present perfect, we use time expressions like
there, and he's still there.) just, yet, already,for and since. We also use the present
perfect simple with unfinished time periods, like
But we also use been as a past participle of go. today, this week, this month, etc.
It means 'go and come back'.
I've been to the shops.(= I went there, and now I'm With the past simple, we use time expressions like
home again.) yesterday,last week, last month, in 2015, two weeks ago,
etc.
111> Exercises 1 and 2
111> Exercises 4, 5 and 6

lOMoARcPSD|5974606
Exercises 4 Choose the correct option to complete the

sentences.
1 Complete the sentences with the present perfect
1 I've lived in this part of Melbourne
simple form of the verbs in brackets. Use
for two years I in 2005.
contractions where possible.
2 My sister been a music teacher in 2000 I
1 The concert mm (start). since 2000.
2 They ........................................................ (make) lunch for us. 3 I haven't seen my cousins for 1995 I since 1995.
3 My sister ........................................................ (not buy) any vinyl 4 We went to Japan since three years I
records. three years ago .
4 .... you m m (finish) writing your 5 Have you seen her yesterdayI today?
report? 6 I've worked in this office since two years I
5 We .... .. . (know) each other since 2015. for two years.
6 .........................................he .........................................(see) this band play live 7 We've started dance classes last month I
before? this month.
7 Our neighbours aren't here. They .... 8 My parents saw the show in FebruaryI
(go) on holiday. since February.
8 I .........................................................
(not go) to a ballet for a long time.
5 Complete the sentences with the present perfect
2 Read the sentences (1-6). Choose the correct option simple or past simple form of the verbs in
(a-b) to explain each sentence. brackets.
1 I've broken my arm. 1 Our teacher ..........................................never .........................................(go) to
a My arm is better. France.
b My arm is still broken. 2 My piano lesson ........................................ (start) at
2 They've recorded three albums. ten o'clock.
a We know when this happened. 3 I ........................................................
(not have) breakfast today .
b We don't know when this happened. 4 ..........................................you ever ...........................................(see) a musical?
3 They've gone on holiday. 5 She ........................................................
(not work) yesterday because
a They're at home now. she was very tired .
b They're on holiday now. 6 My brother ................................(get) married two
4 She's lived here for three years. weeks ago.
a She lives here now. 7 We ..........................................already ... .................(read) this
b She doesn't live here any more. book.
5 Sally's been to Mexico. 8 ...........................................you m m (go) to any concerts
a She's there now. last month?
b She's home now.
6 I've travelled a lot. 6 Complete the conversation with the present
a I'm talking about a general experience. perfect simple or past simple form of these verbs.
b I'm talking about a specific time.
do enjoy go not go have open
3 Put the word in brackets in the correct place in the hear not see
sentences.
A: What 1 ..........................................you ..........................................at the
1 Have you eaten? (already) weekend?
2 The play has started. (just) B: I 2 ........................................................
to a concert.
A: Lucky you! I 3 ........................................................ a band play live for
3 The train hasn 't arrived. (yet) years.
4 He's had a coffee. (just) B: This was a band called The Dotcoms.
... you . . of them?
5 We've seen this film. (already) 5
A: No. ..........................................you ..........................................the concert?
6 Has she woken up? (yet) B: Yes - it was amazing! I 6 ....................................................... a great
time.
7 I haven't sent the message. (yet)
A: Wow! Where was it?
8 My brother has heard the album. (just) B: It was at the new concert hall. It 7 ...
last month.
A: Oh, I 8 ... .. there. Is it nice inside?
B: It's great!
159

lOMoARcPSD|5974606

Past simple and past continuous Past perfect simple =
We use both the past simple and the past continuous We form the past perfect simple with had + past
to talk about situations and events in the past. participle. See the inside of the back cover for a list of
common irregular past participles.
We use the past simple for:
We use the past perfect simple when we need to mak t
• a short, completed action
clear that one past action happened before another
He opened the car door.
past action. For the action that happened first, we use
• a sequence of actions the past perfect simple. For the action that happened
He opened the door, got out and walked towards the second, we use the past simple.
animal. When they got to the station, the train had left.
We use the past continuous for: 2 1
When we're telling a story, we sometimes also use the
• an unfinished or continuing activity
He was trying to switch on his camera. past perfect simple to describe events that happened
before the start of a story. 2
The lion was looking at them.
I visited Africa last year. I'd always wanted to go
• a background situation there. So I booked a holiday, and ...
It was raining and the trees were blowing in the
wind. We only use the past perfect simple when we need to
make it clear which action happened first. We don't
Remember that we don't use the past continuous with need to use the past perfect simple when:
state verbs, such as like, love, need, own, want.
• the order of events is the same as the order of the
We often use the past continuous and the past simple verbs in the sentence.
in the same sentence to talk about two things that He looked down and saw a coin on the ground, so he
happened at the same time. We often use when and picked it up.
while to link the two events in sentences like this. (not ... He had leeked dewn and had seen ... )
They were driving home when they heard a strange
• the order of events is clear.
noise.
They went out on the boat after the storm passed.
We got lost while we were walking in the jungle.
(not ... the sterm had passed)
We normally put when and while in the middle of the
We often use superlatives in sentences with the past
sentence. If we want to emphasize the first part of
the sentence, when and while can go at the beginning. perfect and the past simple.
It was the biggest fish she'd ever seen.
Remember to use a comma(,) in the middle of the
sentence when this happens. 11>- Exercises 5, 6 and 7
While we were walking in the jungle, we got lost.
3
We don't normally use while with the past simple, but
you can use when with the past continuous.
I was swimming in the sea when I saw a dolphin.
(not I was swimming in the Gett while I R delphin.)
When I was driving home, I heard a strange noise.
(or While I was driving home, ... )
We often make questions in the past continuous to ask
about activities at the time of a key event.
What were you doing when you first saw the shark?
We often make questions in the past simple to ask 4
about actions after a key event.
What did you do when the shark swam away?
11>- Exercises 1, 2, 3 and 4

lOMoARcPSD|5974606
Exercises 5 Read the sentences and underline the action in

bold which happened first.
1 Complete the story with the past simple or past
1 He sat down and watched TV.
continuous form of the verbs in brackets .
2 They went out on the boat after the storm had
One weekend last summer , I 1 ........................................................ (decide) passed.
to go for a walk in the mountains . It was a perfect 3 Before we had our ice creams , we went for a
day - the sun 2 .........................................................
(shine) and it wasn't too swim.
hot. But while I 3 .........................................................
(walk), I suddenl y 4 He didn't have his phone because he'd lost it.
(see) a huge bear on the path ahead 5 The film had finished by the time we arrived at
of me. I was terrified! I 5 .........................................................
(try) to decide the cinema .
what to do when the bear 6 ........................................................ (tum) 6 They'd met each other many times before they
around and 7 ........................................................
(run) awa y. I started their business.
(not know) I was so scary! 7 Sophie felt very excited because she hadn't
been to a ballet before .
2 Use the prompts to write questions with the tense 8 By the time we found the shop, it had closed .
in brackets.
1 What I he I do I when I saw the lion? (past
6 Complete the text with the past perfect simple
form of these verbs. Use contractions where
continuous)
possible.
2 What I he I do I when I the lion walked be be change find go lose spend
towards him? (past simple)
Dario and Federica 1 ........................................only ......
3 Who I you I speak to I when I your phone married for three days when Federica lost her
battery ran out? (past continuous) wedding ring. It happened on the first day of their
honeymoon. They 2 ....................................................... the whole day
4 What I you I do I when I your phone battery on the beach and then they 3 .................................................... ... back
ran out? (past simple) to the hotel. While Federica was getting ready
for dinner, she realized that she 4 ...
5 What I they I do I when I the storm started ? her ring. She felt terrible because it 5 ....
(past continuous) very expensive. The young couple went back to
the beach the next day, but they couldn't find the
6 Where I they I go I when I the storm started? ring . Then Federica remembered something: the
(past simple) day before, she 6 ........................................................
her clothes behind a
big rock at the end of the beach . So she went back
3 Match the question s from Exercise 2 with these to the rock. Luckily, the ring was still there - she
answers. couldn't believe she 7 .........................................................
it!
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Complete the sentences with the past simple or

past perfect simple form of the verbs in brackets.
a He ran away!
b The y were swimming in the sea . 1 Tania _...... (not go) to London before,
c I was speaking to m y boss. so she m m (be) really excited.
d They went back to the hotel. 2 He mm (not be) hungry because he
e I borrowed my friend's phone. ... (eat) a big breakfast.
f He was sitting on the grass . 3 My cousins ......................................................... (not come) to my
birthday party because I ...................................... ...... ..... . . . (forget)
4 Complete the sentences with the past simple or to send them an invitation.
past continuous forms of the verbs in brackets. 4 The match ...................................................................................
(already start)
when we ........................................................ (get) there .
1 The sun ......................................................... (shine) when we
5 I ......................................................
(not want) to go to the cinema
(go) outside .
with my friends because I ....
2 While I ................................. ......................(run) around the park , I (already see) the film .
... (lose) m y phone.
6 Paco ........................................................ (not know) the time because
3 They ........................................................ (watch) TV when she his watch ....................................................... (stop) working .
.........................................................
(arri ve) at the ir house.
7 The restaurant ........................................................ (be) very busy, but
4 Thomas (sleep) when the postman
luckily we ....................................................... (book) a table .
........ (ring) the doorbell.
8 By the time I ......................................................... (realize) what
5 She ........................................................ (drive) to work when she ... (happen) , it was too late.
(have) an accident.
6 While I ........................................................ (wait) for the bus , I
... (saw) my friend in her car.
161

lOMoARcPSD|5974606

Predictions Future forms
We use will, may and might to make predictions. We use different forms to talk about the future.
Form present continuous
We use the same form of will, may and might for all We use the present continuous to talk about a fixed
persons (I, you, he/ she/it, etc .) and we don't need to arrangement to do something at a specified (or
use a form of do to make questions or negatives. Will, understood) time in the future. We often use the
may and might are always followed by the infinitive present continuous when we have agreed to do
without to. something with another person, we have bought
Robots will work in our homes. tickets for something, etc .
Note that will is normally contracted after pronouns. I'm meeting my boss at 3.30. (=We both have the
It'll rain tomorrow. (or It may rain ... and It might meeting in our diary.)
rain ... ) She's flying to New York next week(= She's already
got her ticket.) 2
The negative of will is won't. We never contract may
We often use the present continuous to ask people
not - it always stays as two words.
It won't rain later. (or It may not rain ... and
about their plans, especially when we want to make
It mightn't I might not rain .. .) an invitation.
A: Are you doing anything tonight?
We don't form questions with may. B: No, not this evening.
Will it rain later? (or Might it rain ... ) A: Would you like to go and see a film?
The most common way to ask somebody to make a will
prediction is Do you think + will.
Do you think Jackie will like the present? We use will + infinitive without to for a decision made
at the moment of speaking.
We don't normally ask questions about predictions A: Have you sent Martin the email?
using may. B: No - I'll do it now.
Use going to
will/won't We use going to+ infinitive for a plan or intention
decided before the moment of speaking. 3
We use will and won't when we are confident about
a prediction . We often add adverbs like certainly, I'm going to look for a new job. (=This is my
definitelyand probably to make a prediction sound intention. I decided this a few days ago.)
stronger. Adverbs like these normally come: Max has got a new job. We're going to organize a
party for him to say goodbye. (= This is our idea, but
• after will we don't have any fixed plans yet.)
My job will definitely be very differentin the future.
The negative of going to is not going to. We don't
• before won't normally make the infinitive negative.
Most people at my company probably won't have a He's not going to come. (not He's geing tenet ceme.)
job next year.
To make questions with going to, we use are you
may/might going to ... , is she going to ... , etc.
We use may (not) or might (not) when we are less Are you going to send me the report soon?
confident about a prediction. We can say going to go, but some people prefer to say
The company may need to close the factory. simply going.
They might not give me the job as I don't have much I'm going to go to the dentist later.
experience. (or I'm going to the dentist ... )
There is no difference in meaning between may and
present simple
might, but may is more common in formal, written
English. We use the present simple for an event that follows a
regular schedule or timetable, like the time of trains,
We use will/won't/might/might not+ be able to to flights, etc.
make predictions about ability. My flight leaves at 6.34 am.
She probablywon't be able to come to the meeting. My class finishes at 9.30 pm.
We might be able to get a discount.
We don't normally use the present simple to talk
Exercises 1, 2 and 3 about an arrangement with other people. We use the
present continuous or going to instead .
We're all meeting in the square at 8 pm.
(not We Rll meet in the 5GfMRre Rt 8 pm.)
Exercises 4, 5 and 6
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
Exercises 4 Read the sentences (1-6). Choose the correct

option (a-b) to explain each sentence.
1 Correct the mistakes in these sentences. 1 I'm getting a new computer tomorrow .
1 They might to go out for a meal later . a I plan to buy a new one .
2 James definitely will be late to the meeting. b I've already chosen and ordered one.
3 She willn't spend a lot of money on my 2 I'll have some coffee, please.
birthday present. a I'd already decided to have this.
4 Some students mayn't pass their exams. b I've just decided that I want this.
5 I think you'll to find a new job soon. 3 He's going to retake his exam .
6 My parents won't probably like the film . a He 's just decided to do this.
7 I'm sure you'll able to ski after a few lessons. b He plans to do this .
8 Robots 'll help us with our household jobs . 4 We leave at 6.45 tomorrow morning.
a The train leaves at this time.
2 Put the words in order to make predictions with b We plan to leave at this time.
will I won't. 5 He's moving abroad for work.
1 snow I it'll I at the weekend a He plans to do this.
b He's already got his contract.
2 definitely I our meal I won't I my friend I 6 I'll come to the shop with you after lunch.
pay for a I've just decided to do this.
b We've already arranged to do this .
3 be I will I open I the shop
S Choose the correct options to complete the email.
4 forget I certainly I their holiday I won 't I they rHi Rob ---
I'm so excited because yesterday I booked a plane
5 be able to I find I she I our house I won ' t
ticket for Australia! 1 I'm moving I I'll move there for a
year! 2 I'm working I I'm going to work in Melbourne
6 be able to I finish I the report I today I we 'll
for the first six months, but I still need to find a job.
Then, when I have some money, 3 I'm going to travel I
3 Chiara is starting a new job . Look at her I'm travelling around the country for six months. The
predictions about the job and complete the only annoying thing is the time of my flight - 4 it's
sentences with will / won't, may / might or may not I leaving I it leaves at 4 am! But there are hotels near
mightn 't. the airport, so I think 5 I'm booking I I'll book a room
on the internet. I hope everything's OK with you.
confident less confident 6
Are you doing I Will do you do anything this
good things: good things: l weekend? Would you like to meet up?
de rs
learn new things good food in restaurant
meet new people can travel abroad
can speak French 6 Complete the conversations with the correct future
form. Sometimes more than one form is possible.
bad things: bad things:
can't walk to work have to work late
1 A: Sorr y, Adrien is busy right now.
anymore tiring B: OK, I .......................................................
(come) back later.
not know anyone there
2 A: Do you want to go out tomorrow evening?
not have many holidays
B: Sorry, I ......................................................
(go) to the theatre. I've
alread y bought a ticket.
1 My new job be tiring, but I'm sure 3 A: What are you doing this evening?
I learn a lot of new things. B: I .........................................................
(study) because I have an
2 I ....................................................... know anyone at first, but I exam soon.
4 A: Are you hungry? How about going out for a
..........................................................meet new people .
3 I speak French and I ... meal?
travel abroad for work. B: No, it's OK - I (make)
4 There ... . ................be good food in the something to eat .
restaurant. 5 A: When do you need to be at the station?
5 The office isn't near my home, so I ... B: My train ..................................................... (leave) at 8.23, so I
walk to work anymore . need to be there at about 8.15.
6 I have to work late and I 6 A: Let's go to the cinema this evening.
B: No, we can't. We (meet) Lucy
......................................................... have man y holidays .
and Mark, remember? I arranged everything
yesterday .
163

lOMoARcPSD|5974606

Modal verbs (1) must and have to E
The modal verbs must and have to have very similar
Form meanings. We normally prefer to use have to in spoken 1
We use modal verbs like must, can and should with English to talk about obligation. In formal, written
the infinitive without to. We use the same form for all English, we prefer to use must . But mustn 't and
persons (I, you, he/she / it, etc .) and we don 't need to don't have to have very different meanings. Mustn 't
use a form of do to make questions or negatives . expresses a rule -we use mustn't to say 'don't do
You can leave your bag here. this'. Don't have to doesn't express a rule - we use
You mustn't leave your bag here. don't have to to say 'it's not necessary to do this'.
Should I leave my bag here? Customers must not enter the kitchen. (= Don't do
Have to and be allowed to have similar meanings to this!)
modal verbs, but they do not have the same grammar . The restaurant is huge. You don't have to book a table.
We use a form of do to make questions and negatives ( = This isn 't necessary.)
with have to. Exercises 1, 2 and 3 2
Do we have to sit here?
You don't have to come. First conditional
With be allowed to, we make questions and negatives We use the first conditional to talk about future
in the same way as other forms with be. possibility and things which are generally true. The
Are we allowed to come in? form is usually:
You aren't allowed to make phone calls in here. If+ present simple,+ will/won 't
If I have time, I'll call you tonight . (=future
Use possibility)
Obligation If you don't eat healthily, you won't feel good.
To say there is an obligation, we use must or have to. (= generally true)
You have to leave everything in the oven for two hours. Note that we never use a future form in the if clause.
Restaurants must make their prices clear. lf it it's a nice day tomorrow, we'll go for a picnic.
(not If it will be R nice dRy ... )
We do not normally ask questions about obligation
with must. We use have to instead. Conditional sentences have two parts: the if clause
Do I have to take my shoes off? and the main clause. The main clause describes the
(not i\'htst I tt1ke my shees ejf?) result of the situation in the if clause.
If you 're late, we'll go without you. (we'll go ...
There is no past form of must to talk about obligation .
We use had to to talk about obligation in the past. = main clause = result)
We had to be at work at six o'clock this morning! When the if clause comes first, we use a comma
To say there is no obligation, we use don't/doesn't have to. between the two clauses. When the main clause
We don't have to be there until 8 pm. comes before the if clause, we don't add a comma
between the two clauses. 3
Prohibition and permission If you 're late, we'll go without you.
To talk about prohibition (to say 'don't do it!'), we use We'll go without you if you 're late.
mustn 't. 4
You mustn't talk here.
To give permission, we use can.
when, as soon as, unless, until, before
You can pay for your drinks when you leave. We also use when, as soon as, unless, until and before to
talk about the future . We always use a present tense,
To say somebody doesn't have permission, we use not a future form, after these expressions. We often
can't or cannot. use the expressions in a sentence with will.
You can't sit in this part of the restaurant . (or You When I finish my work, I'll get something to eat
cannot sit .. . ) I won 't eat there again unless they start using less
We also use allowed to and not allowed to talk about salt.
permission . As soon as we arrive , I'll give you a call.
Are we allowed to take our food outside? You won 't lose weight until you improve your diet.
You're not allowed to park there. I'll have a shower before we go out.
Advice and recommendation As with the first conditional, we put a comma when
the clause with the time expression comes first.
Should doesn 't express a rule. We use should and
shouldn't to give advice and recommendations. Exercises 5 and 6
You should try to eat some fruit every day.
You shouldn't eat too much before you go to bed.
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
Exercises 4 Choose the correct op tion m

conditional sentence s.
c:en 1 Correct the mistakes in these sentences. 1 If he does I will do m ore exercise ,
1 She hasn't to go to work today . get fitter.
2 I can to make you a drink. 2 If the train doesn'tI won't arriYe
3 Do I should come back later? I'll be late for work.
4 Has he to go to the meeting? 3 You feel I You'llfeel better if you eat I yo
5 We aren't allowed park here. healthier food .
6 You don't must use your phone here. 4 They don't go I won't go on holida y if they 1
7 You mustn't help me with the dishes. I can do find I won't find cheap plane tickets .
them myself. 5 Do you I Will you come out tonight if you finish I
8 He shouldn't has salt on his food. you'll finish your homework?
6 If you have I will have enough money, do I will
2 Read the signs. Complete the sentences with the you buy some new shoes?
correct modal form . Write all the possible answers.
1 TICKETS NEEDED BEFORE ENTRY
5 Match the beginnings of the sentences (1- 6) with
the endings (a-f). Then complete the endings of
You ....................................................... I .........................................................
buy a ticket
the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in
before you enter.
bracke ts.
2 TABLETS AND PHONES ALLOWED ON
THIS FLIGHT 1 If she doesn't leave soon,
You .........................................................switch off your tablets or 2 They'll have a picnic in the park next to their
phones on this flight. house
3 NOPARKING 3 You can't go out
You ........................................................ I . . . ..................................................I 4 You'll feel sick
.... park here . 5 Can you call me
4 THIS FILM IS NOT RECOMMENDED FOR 6 I think he'll drive to the station
CHILDREN
a if there . . ....................too much traffic. (not be)
Children ......................................................... see this film.
b until you ... ....................................... all your homework.
5 EXAM IN PROGRESS: BE QUIET!
(finish)
You .............................................. I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .speak
.. quietly .
c as soon as you .................................................... this message? (get)
6 SERVICE INCLUDED: TIP NOT
d she ........................................................
her bus. (miss)
NECESSARY
e if you ... ...............all that chocolate! (eat)
You .... . ............ leave a tip in this restaurant.
f unless it .... ............... (rain)
7 NO ENTRY EXCEPT FOR CYCLISTS
You ...... ........... I ...................................................... I 6 Complete the conversation with the correct form
... ride your bicycle here . of these verbs.
3 Complete the text with modal verbs and the verb eat exercise fo llow go lose not do
in brackets . Use affirmative and negative forms of not f eel not lose
the modal verbs .
School dinners are very popular in the UK. Most A: How are you?
children 1 .........................................................
(pay) for school dinners, B: I'm fed up! I'm trying to lose weight, but
but they don't cost a lot. However, poorer families nothing's working!
2
..............................(pay) - the school dinners are free. A: Well, I'm sure if you 1 ........................................................
healthy
food, you 2 ...... _ ................................some weight. And you
There are strict rules about school dinners. For need to exercise too.
example, every meal 3_ ................(include) meat
B: I try to eat healthily, but I never have time to
or fish, fruit and vegetables and bread, potatoes exercise!
and other cereals. Another rule is that school A: But you 3 ......................................................
weight if you
canteens 4 .............................................
(sell) food and drinks with ...................any exercise.
4 .....................................
a lot of sugar and salt. B: Alright! I'll go on my exercise bike before I
5
Children 5 ......................................................
(eat) school dinners if to bed this evening.
.....................................................
they don't want to. They 6 .........................................................

(bring) A: No, that's the worst time to do exercise! If you
6
a 'packed lunch' from home. There are many .... in the evening, you
recommendations for the types of food to give . . sleepy afterwards. And sleep is
children in their packed lunches. For example, also important for losing weight .. .
children 7 .... ... . ........ (eat) fruit every day and B: OK, so I'll go for a run at lunchtim e inste ad.
they 8 ........................................... (have) junk food like crisps A: Great. But remember - unless yo u
8
and chocolate . a regular fitne ss programme,
.........................................................
you'll never lose weight.
165

lOMoARcPSD|5974606

Grammar purpose: to ... , for ... and Certainty and possibility
so that ... We use the modal verbs must, might (not), may (not),
We use to,Jor and so that to explain why people do could and can't to talk about certainty and possibility.
something or the purpose of an object. Phrases with We use must when we think that something is
these words answer the questions Why? or What for? probable.
Her flight was at four in the morning. She must be
to+ infinitive
very tired.
We use to + infinitive to say why we do something.
She's doing a course to improve her communication We use might, may and could when we think that
skills. something is possible.
I used an old piece of plastic to fix the hole in the bath. Paul might be able to help you.
Hotel Tourist may have a room free.
We often use to + infinitive to answer questions with There could be a problem with the trains.
why.
A: Why did you call me? We can make might and may negative with this
B: To ask if you want to come to the cinema. meaning, but not could.
Stephaniemight not want to eat out.
We only use to + infinitive if the subject of the (not Stephanie ceuld net want ... )
sentence is the same as the subject of the infinitive . I may not have the correct address.
I went to the library to get a book. (= I went to the (not I ceuld net ha7:Jc ... )
library. I got a book)
We use can't when we think that something is
for+ noun impossible.
We also use for + noun to say why we do something. A: Is that Mike in the cafe?
She went there for a job interview. B: No, it can't be him. He's on holiday in Greece!
They stopped at a cafe for some lunch. When we're talking about things we're totally sure
We never use for with a verb form to say why we do about, we don't use modals at all.
something. Use to +infinitive instead. Stefan lives near here.(= I know this. I've been to his
I bought this book to have something to read on the house.)
plane. (not I bought this bookfor to have something ... I Esther doesn't eat meat.(= I know this. She told me. )
for having something ... ) ..- Exercises 4 and 5
for+ -ing
In the present and in the past
We use for + -ing to talk about the purpose or function 3
We use modal verb+ infinitive to talk about certainty
of an object.
and possibility in the present.
A: What app are you using?
You must be hungry.(= It's probable that you're
B: It's a game. It's for improving your memory.
hungry now.)
so that We use modal verb + be + -ing if the action is in
We also use so that to say why we do something. We progress.
often use this : He's not answering his phone. He might be driving.
• with the modal verbs can, could, will or would. (=I think he's driving now.)
I'll call Sam so that he'll know where to go. We use modal verb + have + participle to talk about
We got to the cinema earlier so that we could get a certainty and possibility in the past.
good seat. His plane must have arrived by now.(= It's probabl e
• when the result is negative. that his plane has arrived.)
A: Where are they?
I want to buy an ebook reader so that I don't have to
carry lots of books with me. B: I don't know. They may/might/could have got lost.
(= It's possible that they got lost.)
We only use so that when we do something to get a A: I saw Sara this morning.
specific result. To talk about a result on its own, we B: You can't have seen her. She's on holiday in
use so without that. Note that we use a comma before Morocco!
so which introduces a result.
I didn't wake up on time, so I missed my flight. We can also use couldn't have instead of can't have:
A: I think I left my phone on the plane.
(not ... on time se--thfff I missed .. .)
B: No, you couldn't have left it there - we checked
We often use so instead of so that in informal English. really carefully.
She drove me to the shops so (that) I didn't have to
walk. ..- Exercise 6
..- Exercises 1, 2 and 3 Descargado por Ismael Christian Achahui Vilca (draking_live_96@hotmail.com)
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
Exercises 4 Read the sentences (1-4). Choose the correct

option (a-b) to explain each sentence.
1 Match the beginnings of the sentences (1-7) with 1 John must be asleep .
the endings (a-g) . Then complete the endings of
a I'm sure John is asleep .
the sentences with the infiniti ves of these words .
b It's possible that John is asleep .
ask buy catch get give see watch 2 That can't be my phone . Mine's in my pocket.
a It's impossible that it's my phone .
1 I've joined a gym b It's possibly not m y phone.
2 She's going to the supermarket 3 Your keys might be in your bag.
3 He bought some flowers a Your keys are definitely in your bag .
4 I went to the station b It's possible that your keys are in your bag.
5 We opened the box 4 That woman with Frank could be his wife .
6 I switched on the TV a I'm certain that she's Frank's wife .
7 Emilia called b I think it's possible that she 's Frank's wife .
a . . what was inside. 5 Read the pairs of sentences . Rewrite the first
b ..... more exercise . sentence using a present modal verb.
c .... my train. 1 It's impossible that that's Martin 's car. His car
d mm me a question . is in the garage .
e ....... some food for dinner. That ...
f . . to his wife . 2 I'm sure it's cold outside. It's snowing!
g ... my favourite series . It ....
2 Rewrite six of the sentences in Exercis e 1 with so 3 It's possible that the y aren't at home. Their car
that. With which sentence can 't you use so that? isn't outside their house .
1 4 I'm sure you know each other very well. You've

.;:: 2 been friends for a long time .
3 You ...
e. 4 5 It's possible that she's a doctor. She's wearing a
5 white coat .
6 She ....
7 6 I'm sure the bill isn't right. I only had a salad!
This bill ...
3 Choose the correct options to complete the
conversation. 6 Choose the correct options to complete the
A: You look tired! con versa ti on.
B: Well, I'm waking up at 5.30 am these days . A: Are we close to the castle ruins yet?
A: Why? B: I think we 1 may go I may be going the wrong
B: 1
To do I For doing yoga before I go to work. way. What did the guidebook say?
A: I'm not surprised you're tired! Well, you should A: It said the ruins are near a small lake .
go to bed early 2 for I so that a good night 's B: Oh - we passed a lake about five minutes ago!
sleep . A: So, we 2 must drive I must have driven past the
B: I'd like to, but I'm always too busy in the road we need to take!
evening to have an earl y night. For example, B: OK, oh look- there's the lake . We 3 can't be I
I've also started an online language course 3 for can't have been far awa y now .
improvingI to improve my German! I'm alwa ys B: What's the name of the road we're looking for?
up until late doing exercises. A: Old Hill ... Oh, hold on - it 4 might be I might
A: Maybe you're doing too much. I've got a great have been this one .
app on my phone that could help you. It's 4 for B: No , that's Field Lane .
organizing I to organize my da y. A: Well, we're near the lake, so the road 5 must be I
B: Sounds interesting. Can you show me it 5 for I must have been close.
so that I can see how it works? B: Look at the top of that hill. I can see something.
A: Sure, but I haven 't got time now. My phone 's I'm not sure , but it 6 might be I must be part of
just told me that I've got to take the car to the the ruins. Drive up that way!
garage 6 to I for a check. See you soon. Bye! B: OK. ... Hmm - we 7 must go I must have gone the
wrong way again. That's a petrol station!
A: Maybe the guidebook is wrong! There 8 can't
have been I might have been a castle here!
167

lOMoARcPSD|5974606

used to, would and past simple Comparison: adverbs
used to more/less + adverb
We use used to to talk about past habits and states. To make comparative forms of adverbs, we use more +
We used to go on holiday to Californiaevery year when adverb (that).
I was a kid.(= past habit) This room gets warm more quickly than the rest of the
They used to have a really tiny flat in the city centre. house.
(=past state) You can live more cheaply in other parts of the city.
Used to is always followed by the infinitive. We use The opposite of more + adverb is less + adverb.
the same form for all persons (I, you, he/she/it, etc.). You clean the flat less often than me.
In negatives and questions, we use use to not used to.
Some comparative adverb forms are irregular. They
There didn't use to be so much traffic here.
have the same form as the comparative adjective.
Did you use to live near the sea?
For example, well -. better, badly -• worse,far 'further,
We often use adverbs of frequency and other time fast -. faster, high -. higher, early -. earlier, late -• later,
phrases with used to. soon -. sooner.
We used to eat there every week.
4
We often use used to to describe past actions and states
that aren't true any more. (not) as + adverb + as
I used to live in Germany. (= I don't live there now.) To make comparisons, we also use (not) as+ adverb
She used to watch a lot of TV( = She doesn't watch + as. Not normally goes with the verb.
much TV any more.) Martina can run as fast as Silvia. (= Martina and
We sometimes use frequency adverbs with used to. Silvia can run at the same speed.) 2
They come before used to. I don't go out as often as I did in the past. (= I used
We always used to go to the seaside in the summer to go out more often.)
when I was a child. 5
To talk about habits in the present, we use the present
simple with usually. Comparison: patterns
We usually go for a walk in the park every day. To say that a situation is changing, we use
(not We use te ge fer R wt1lk ...) comparative +and +comparative. We can use a
comparative adjective or a comparative adverb in this
We don't normally use used to for repeated actions
structure.
that lasted a short period of time. We use the past
It's getting colder and colder - it's probablygoing to
simple instead.
snow. (comparative adjective - one syllable)
I cycled to work every day last week.
Things are becomingmore and more expensive in this
(not I used te cycle te werk every dt1y lt1st week.)
country. (comparative adjective - longer adjective)
1 I've got so much work that I'm going to bed later and
later. (comparative adverb) 3
would
Remember that we add -er to most one-syllable
We also use would+ infinitive to talk about repeated adjectives, and we put more before longer adjectives to
past actions . In spoken English, would often becomes 'd. make the comparative adjective form .
I'd spend every day in summer outside when I was a
child. We often use more and more + noun.
More and more people cycle to work these days.
We only use would to talk about repeated actions in
the past. We don't use would to talk about states. To say that two things change at the same time, we
We used to own a really nice house in the countryside. use comparative + clause, the + comparative + clause .
(not l6k' d ewn R heuse ... ) The harder you work, the more success you have.
(=If you work hard, you'll be more successful.)
We sometimes use frequency adverbs with would. The worse the weather is, the more traffic there is.
They come after would. (=When the weather is bad, the traffic gets bad too.)
I'd always do my homeworkat the last minute when I
was at school. We sometimes use this structure with only a noun
phrase instead of a clause, or with only a comparative
When we talk about the past, we often start with used form.
to and then continue with would. The taller the mountain, the greater the difficulty.
When I first moved to London, I used to go out a lot. (=Tall mountains are more difficult to climb.)
I'd visit museums and go to concerts. I'd eat out at The more the merrier. (= When there are lots of
least once a week ... people, everyone is happier.)
Exercises 2 and 3 6
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
Exercises 4 Complete the sentences with the correct

comparative form of the adverbs in brackets.
1 Complete the sentences with the correct form of Sometimes, you will need to use irregular
used to and these verbs. comparative forms.
do drive listen live love own 1 Jack always wins when they race. Jack runs
not be not feel
than John. (quickly)
2 Ruth is the laziest person in her family. Ruth
1 I .................................
.................................................
in Lima when I was young. works ... . .................................................................. than her brothers.
2 What ........................................................ you . . . mm at (hard)
the weekends when you were a child? 3 Your motorbike is really noisy. Your motorbike
3 We . . ...............................................going to the theatre runs .....................................................................................
than mine. (quietly)
when we lived in London. 4 The last flight is the Fastair flight. The Fastair
4 There .............................................................................. any houses here flight arrives .....................................................................................
than all the
when I was young - it was all fields. others. (late)
5 I ... ...................................................... worried when I had an 5 Katy is a very slow worker. Sarah doesn't work
exam at school. ..............................................................
than Katy. (slowly)
6 We ............................................................................... a lovely house by the sea. 6 Mike exercises once a week, but Martin
7 ... people ... . . more exercises every day. Mike exercises
before they built a metro here? .... than Martin. (often)
8 She .....................................................................................
to rock music before 7 Julie's exam result was better than the other
she went to university. students' results. Julie did . .
in the exam than the others . (well)
2 Tick the sentences in which used to can be replaced
by would. 5 Complete the sentences so that they mean the
same as the sentences in Exercise 4. Use (not) as ...
1 I didn't use to like classical music when I was a as and the verbs and adverbs in brackets .
teenager, but now I love it.
2 We used to visit Los Angeles often before we 1 John .................................................................................................................
Jack.
had children . (run quickly)
3 Their music used to sound very different before 2 Ruth .................................................................................................................
her brothers.
the new guitarist joined the band. (work hard)
4 When I was younger, I used to believe in UFOs, 3 Your motorbike _
but I don't any more. mine. (run quietly)
5 Sean used to play basketball every day when 4 The other flights ..................................................................................................................
the
he was a teenager. Fastair flight. (arrive late)
6 My family used to go to the same holiday 5 Katy ................................................................................................................
Sarah.
resort every year when I was a child. (work quickly)
6 Martin .................................................................................................................
Mike.
3 Complete the conversation with the used to, would (exercise often)
or the past simple form of the verbs in brackets. 7 The other students . .
Julie in the exam. (do well)
A: You've been to Hamburg, haven't you?
B: Yes, I 1 ... . .......................(go) there often for 6 Match the statements (1-6) with the replies (a-f).
work when I was living in Germany. Are you
going to visit? 1 I could only find this birthday cake. Is it too
A: Yeah, next month. Any recommendations? big?
B: Well, I 2 ...................................................................................... (leave) Germany 2 I want to get fit, but jogging is so hard!
in 2012. Things might be different now. But, 3 There's so much traffic on the roads these days.
I remember we 3 ...................................................................................... (eat) in a 4 What time shall we go for lunch?
great Italian restaurant. It was by the river. 5 The price of flats is so high here at the moment.
I can't remember the name, but they 6 Why are you doing another course?
4
_ ................ (make) fantastic pizza. a I know - more and more people are driving .
A: OK, I'll look for it. Anything else? b It's fine - the bigger, the better!
B: Well, I remember I once 5 ... c The earlier the better - I'm already feeling
(visit) the modern art gallery with my hungry!
company. It was excellent. I think they always d Yes, it's getting harder and harder to buy
(take) visitors there.
6 ..................................................................................... somewhere to live.
A: OK, thanks. Any other advice? e The more qualifications you have, the easier it
B: Yes - walk everywhere! The city centre is quite is to get a job.
small. I never 7 ...................................................................................... (use) public f The more you run, the easier it'll get.
transport when I was there.
169

lOMoARcPSD|5974606

- Verb patterns: -ing form and to +
infinitive
When we put two verbs together in a sentence, the
form of the second verb depends on the first. After
Use
We use both the present perfect simple and the present
perfect continuous to talk about something that started
in the past and continues in the present. We use:
many verbs we use the -ing form. • the present perfect simple to talk about a state that
I love travellingabroad. started in the past and continues in the present.
I can't stand waiting in queues. I've loved Turkey since I first visited in 2005.
Other common verbs followed by the -ing form: • the present perfect continuous to talk about a long
adore, avoid, can't help, can't stand, describe,don't mind, action or a repeated action that started in the past
enjoy,fancy, finish, imagine, keep, mention, miss, practise, and continues in the present.
recommend,spend (time/money),suggest. I've been waiting for your email since last week. (long
The negative of the -ing form is not + -ing. action)
I enjoy not getting up early at the weekend. We've been coming here for years. (repeated action)
After many other verbs, we use a verb in the to + We also use both the present perfect simple and the
infinitive form. present perfect continuous to talk about actions in the
I hope to see you later this year. past that have an effect on the present. We use:
It seems to be a good destination.
• the present perfect simple to talk about short
Other common verbs followed by the to + infinitive actions that are complete and that have an effect on 2
form: agree, arrange, ask, can't afford, choose, decide, expect, the present.
fail, hope, intend, learn, manage, need, offer, plan, pretend, Joel has broken his arm. (=it's still broken)
promise, refuse, seem, threaten, want, would like, would
love, would prefer. • the present perfect continuous to talk about long
actions in the past that have an effect on the present.
The negative of to + infinitive is not + to + infinitive. We've been walking in the forest all morning. (=and
I promise not to be late. now we're hungr y and tired)
These verbs can also be followed by both the to + We often use the present perfect continuous to
infinitive and -ing form, with no difference in meaning: emphasize the duration of a longer past activity and
begin, continue,hate, like, love, prefer, start. the present perfect simple to talk about its final result.
I began reading the book. (or I began to read ... ) I've been researchingholidaysall morning. I think
11>- Exercises 1 and 2 I've found the perfect one for us. (researching=longer
activity, found = result)
Other uses For other uses of the present perfect simple, see Unit 2.
We use the -ing form when we use a verb as the subject
Remember that we don't normally use stative verbs in
of a sentence.
the continuous. See Unit 1.
Travelling can be very educational.
11>- Exercise 5
We also use the -ing form when a verb follows a
preposition.
I'm usuallygood at finding cheap hotels.
How long ... ?
We often think about travellingfor a year. We make questions with how long to ask about 3
duration. We use:
We often use to + infinitive after an adjective.
It was amazing to visit Chilefor the first time. • how long + present perfect simple to ask about a
state which started in the past and continues in the
11>- Exercise 3 present.
How long have you known David?
Present perfect simple and continuous
• how long + present perfect continuous to ask about
Form an action or a repeated action which started in the
We form the present perfect simple with have/has + past past and continues in the present.
How long have you been doing conservationwork? c
participle of the main verb. (See the inside of the back
cover for a list of common irregular past participles.) • how long + past simple to ask about a state or action v
I've just got backfrom holiday. that is now finished. a
We form the present perfect continuous with have/has + How long did you live in Africa? d
been + -ing form of the main verb. We use for in answers to questions in all three tenses ,
For example: I've been waiting, he's been doing, they but we can't use since with the past simple.
0
haven't been reading. I lived in Africafor ten years. (not .. . since 2002.)
tl
11>- Exercise
Descargado por Ismael Christian Achahui Vilca 6
(draking_live_96@hotmail.com) n
11>- Exercise 4
Exercises
1 Choose the correct option to complete the
sentences. Sometimes, both options are possible.
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
4 Write sentences and questions with the present

perfect continuous form.
1 I I live I here I since I 2015.
-
1 Do you fancy going I to go to the cinema 2 She I not wait I long.
tonight?
2 He's pretending being I to be sick so that he 3 you I work I all day?
doesn't have to go to work.
3 She'd prefer not speaking I not to speak to 4 They I swim I for I about an hour.
anyone at the moment.
4 I love to swim I swimming in the sea at night. 5 I I not listen I to the radio.
5 Can you imagine having I to have as much
money as a famous actor? 6 he I play computer games I all morning?
6 I hate to have I having to rush in the morning.
7 I recommend visiting I to visit the history
museum. It's fascinating. 5 Choose the correct option to complete the sentences .
8 They've chosen not having I not to have a party 1 I've already eaten I been eating, so I don't need
for their wedding anniversary. any dinner.
2 We've come I been coming to this island since I
2 Complete the conversation with the correct form was a child.
of the verbs in brackets.
3 He's had I been having that car for ages.
A: I'm going on holiday soon! 4 I haven't seen I been seeing Jack for three years.
B: Oh, you're so lucky. I'd really love 5 She's studiedI been studying all afternoon and
1
mm (go) away somewhere! Where now she needs a break.
are you going? 6 Sorry, have you waited I been waiting for ages?
A: To Spain. I'm going to spend all day 7 We haven't known I been knowing each for long.
2
(lie) on a beach! What are you
................................................... 8 I travel a lot. I've visitedI been visiting ten
going to do in the summer holidays? countries.
B: Well, I can't afford 3 ... ................. (travel) very
far, but I'm hoping 4 .........................................................(go) camping 6 Complete the conversation with the present perfect
somewhere near here. simple or present perfect continuous of the verbs in
A: At least you won't have to get on a plane. brackets . Sometimes both forms are possible.
I can't stand 5 .........................................................(fly)! A: You look tired. What 1 ...
B: Really? Well, when you're on the plane, just (you I do)?
avoid 6 ......................................................... (think) about where you B: I 2 .... .... (search) on the internet
are. Just relax and imagine 7 .... .................... (sit) for hours for a holiday destination. And I still
on a beach . 3 .................................. .... (not find) anywhere!
................................................
A: I'll try. Well, anyway, I'm going to enjoy A: What about the usual place you go?
8 ... (not work) for a few weeks! B: Oh, I 4 .....................................................................................
(go) to that resort for
the last five years. I'm bored with it!
3 Complete the text with the correct form of these A: Well, why don't you go on a cycling holiday?
verbs.
B: A cycling holiday?! I'm not sure ...
_ ............ (you I go) on one before?
5
................
drive eat get take use visit walk
A: Yes. I went an organized tour around Rajasthan
If you're keen on 1 ....................................................a break from last year. It was the most amazing holiday
modern life, then La Posada del Inca Eco-Lodge I 6 .... ....................ever ...................................................
(have)!
may be the place for you. It's on one of the most B: Really? It sounds very tiring!
beautiful islands on Lake Titicaca, in Bolivia. A: It was fun! And I made new friends . We
here is impossible because it is a .. (stay) in touch since our
8
car-free island. This means it's great 3 ... holiday . I ...................................................................................... (already book)
if you enjoy 4 ... . ........................................ , especially as the my next cycling holiday with the same company.
views are spectacular. It is possible 5 ... B: How long 9 ...................................................................................... (it I do) these
all your meals in the hotel; the food is simple but tours?
delicious. The rooms don't have fridges, TVs or A: Oh, for a long time. They're very good. You
wi-fi, but they do have hot water and heating. It should come with me! You'd love it!
is difficult 6 .........................................................an internet connection B: Well, yes, but I 10 ........... ............................................................... ...... (not have)
on the island, but if you really need 7 ... much time to exercise recently.
the internet, then you'll have to climb up to the A: That's OK. I'm going in six months. You can
restaurants near the top of the hill. start cycling tomorrow!
171

lOMoARcPSD|5974606

Passives Articles
Verbs can be active or passive. We normally use the We use a/an the first time we mention something.
active form when the focus of the sentence is on the I've just bought a new washing machine.
'agent' - the person or thing that does an action. We use the when we mention something which is
All kinds of people buy products like these. (focus= known (because it has already been mentioned, for
all kinds of people) example and when there is only one of something.)
When we use the passive, a sentence isn't about the I bought a shirt and a tie. The shirt was quite cheap.
agent any more. The passive emphasizes the action. It was warm and the sun was shining.
Products like these are bought by all kinds of people.
(focus =products like these) We use no article (zero article) to talk in general about
uncountable or plural nouns.
Form Tourism brings a lot of money to the country.
When we use the passive, the object of the active ..,. Exercise 4
sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence.
All kinds of people buy products like these. Quantifiers
OBJECT
We use a lot of lots of loads of and plenty of with 2
Products like these are bought by all kinds of people.
uncountable and plural nouns to talk about large
SUBJECT
We form the passive with a form of the auxiliary verb
be and the past participle of the main verb.
quantities. We often use plenty of to mean 'more than
enough'.
G
There are a lot of food shops in my neighbourhood.
Tense Active Passive We don't need to go to the supermarket.There's plenty
Present simple buy is/are bought of food in the fridge. (= more than enough food)
Present continuous is/are buying is/are being bought We also use many+ plural noun in more formal, v
Past simple bought is/was bought written English to talk about a large quantity. IJ
Past continuous was/were buying was/were being bought There are many ways to save money on your shopping. v
g
Present perfect has/have bought has/have been bought We don't normally use much in affirmative sentences. p.
Past perfect had bought had been bought However, we use too much with uncountable nouns
Modal verbs can buy can be bought and too many with plural nouns in both spoken
d
will buy will be bought English and formal writing to say there is more than
a
etc. etc.
we want.
$.
There's too much noise here - I can't work.
d
We can use by + noun to say who does or did the We also use much and many to ask questions about re
action in a sentence with a passive verb. This makes quantities. b1
the information sound new or important. Were there many nice clothes in the sale? e1
The new farmers' market was opened by a local We use some to talk about neutral, non-specific
businessman last month. quantities with uncountable and plural nouns. 3
..,. Exercise 1 I've got some food. (=not a lot, not a little)
We use several,one or two, a couple of and a few to
Use talk about smaller quantities with plural nouns. We
We often use the passive: normally use several to refer to larger quantities than
• when it's obvious who does an action one or two, a couple of and a few.
The letter was delivered this morning. (=obviously We've got one or two questionsabout the offer.
by the postman)
I've been to several nice cafes by the river. (= five or
six)
• when it's unimportant who does an action
We use a little and a bit of to talk about smaller
When I complainedto the companyabout the camera quantities with uncountable nouns.
I bought, I was sent a new one. (= it doesn't matter We've got a little money left. Let's get some ice cream. 5
who sent it)
We use not any with plural and uncountable nouns
• when we don't know who does an action 6
to talk about zero quantity. We also use any when we
My bag was stolen.(= I don't know who stole it) ask questions about uncountable and plural countabl e
7
• when we don't want to say who does an action nouns.
The house hasn't been cleaned again.(= I don't want We use little + uncountable noun and few + countable 8
to say who hasn't cleaned the house.) noun to say 'not much' and 'not many' in formal,
..,. Exercises 2 and 3 written English. They have a more negative meaning
than a little and a few .
..,. Exercises 5 & 6
lOMoARcPSD|5974606
Exercises 4 Complete the text with the, a(n) or - (zero article).

cash machine in 2 .......................................... New York
1 Are the sentences correct? If not, correct any
had to be switched off because it was giving out
mistakes with the passive.
too much money. 3 ...........................................machine, in one of
4
1 My new book can found online or in busiest underground train stations,
.........................................
bookshops. was giving 5 ...........................................ten-dollar notes instead of

2 Is the building being painted this week? 6
....................five-dollar notes. As soon as
7
...
3 The hole in the roof still hasn't be repaired! people realized what was happening, 8 .......
4 Your order was been sent to you ten days ago. queue developed. Within thirty minutes, news
5 The show is watched from millions of people of what was happening appeared on 9 ...
all over the world. internet, and even more people arrived. But not
6 Our friends' food being brought to the table long after, 10 ...........................................employee from the bank
when we arrived. came to switch it off.
7 Will the meeting be finished before lunch?
8 I hadn't was told about the party. 5 Complete the second sentences with these
quantifiers so that they mean the same as the first
2 Choose the correct options to complete the text. sentences.
Great meal at Rexo! a couple of a little how much loads of

This new Mexican restaurant 1 has advertised I has plenty of several too much
been advertised quite a lot on the radio recently, so I
decided to try it. I love Mexican food anyway! 1 There's more traffic than we want in this town.
We arrived at around 8 pm. It was really busy, but There's ......................................................................................
traffic in this town.
we 2 gave I were given a table after just five minutes. 2 There are one or two good shops in this street.
While our table 3 was prepared I was being prepared, There are . . ........................................................................ good shops in
we 4 looked I were looked at the menu. There's a this street.
great selection and the prices are good . 3 I have some money left, but not very much.
After 5 we'd ordered I we'd been ordered, our food I have ......................................................................................
money left.
6 was brought I brought quickly. Everything was 4 There are a lot of good offers in that shop.
delicious. We only had one complaint. We'd asked for There are ................................................................................ good offers in
a bottle of tap water. But when we paid, we saw that that shop .
$2 7 had added I had been added for the bottle. This 5 We won't be late - we've got more time than
didn't seem fair - tap water is free in all the other we need.
restaurants in town! But overall, I'm sure Rexo will We won't be late - we've got
be a success and their delicious food will 8 enjoy I be . . time.
enjoyed by everyone! 6 Four or five new restaurants have opened near
my flat.
3 Rewrite the information in the passive. Don't ... restaurants have opened
include the agents in brackets. near my flat.
7 How many bottles of juice do we have?
1 The supermarket has just delivered the juice do we have?
shopping.
The shopping . . 6 Choose the correct options to complete the
2 (The technician) is fixing my computer. conversation.
My computer . . A: Right, we've spent 1 a lot of I much money now.
3 Will (you) invite Sonia to the party? Let's go home .
... Sonia .................................................................................
to the party? B: Not yet. I still need to get 2 a couple of I loads of
4 (We) didn't finish the work.
things - just a new dress and some shoes.
The work .... A: Really? You've already got 3 many I plenty of
5 (You) can't use mobile phones here.
pairs of shoes at home - more than you need, in
Mobile phones ................................................................................................................ here . my opinion.
6 The manager had called the police. B: Yes, but I 4 don't have any I have not any shoes
The police ... that match my new coat!
7 Do (you) accept credit cards? A: I see. Well, 5 how much I how many time do you
·······································
··· credit cards . . ............
m m ? need? I'm getting hungry. I only had 6 a bit of I
8 (People) don't use the new shopping centre. a couple of breakfast.
The new shopping centre ...... B: I won't be long- I promise. Why don't you go
to the cafe over there? Then I can have 7 a little I
little time to myself.
A: Alright. I'll see you in 8 a few I few minutes.
173

lOMoARcPSD|5974606

Second conditional Defining relative clauses E
We use the second conditional to talk about unreal We use defining relative clauses to say exactly whi ch
situations in the present or future. The form is: person, thing, place or time we are talking about. 1
If+ past simple + would + infinitive That 's the doctor that I saw last month. (relative
If I liked science, I'd read more books about space clause tells us which doctor)
exploration.
If we had to live on Mars, it wouldn't be easy. that, which and who
To introduce a relative clause, we use a relative
We can also use might in the main clause when we are
pronoun or relative adverb after a noun. The choice o-
less sure about the result.
relative pronoun depends on the type of noun:
If you saw the film , you might like it.
• for things, use that or which
We often use could in the main clause to talk about
This is the finger that/which hurts.
ability and possibility .
If we lived by the sea, we could go swimming every • for people, use that or who
day. (= we would be able to go swimming) The people that/who spoke to us are here.
When the if clause comes first, we use a comma We can leave out that, which and who when they are
between the two clauses. When the main clause the object of the verb in the relative clause.
comes before the if clause, we don't add a comma She loves the flowers (that/which) you brought.
between the two clauses . (that/which= object of brought)
If we wanted to, we could do more to protect the planet. The person (that/who) you know isn't here.
We could do more to protect the planet if we wanted to.
We can't leave out the relative pronoun if it's the
We don't normally put would in the if clause. We subject of the relative clause.
2
normally use a past tense . That's the film that won five Oscars last year.
If I had more time, I would go travelling more often . (not Tlwt's thejilm wen ... )
(not IJI wettld hR'l::!e mere time, ... ) .,... Exercise 4
When we put be in the if clause, we can use were
instead of was . We normally do this when we use the whose, when and where
phrase 'If I were you' to give advice. We use the relative pronoun whose to talk about
If I were you, I wouldn't take the job. possession.
We also use were in this way in other sentences. This Sonia has a daughter whose dream is to become a
normally sounds more formal, but some people doctor.
consider it more correct. We also make relative clauses with the relative
If I were richer, I'd become a space tourist . adverbs where and when. They mean the same as
If he were more careful, he wouldn't have so many preposition + which .
accidents. That's the hospital where I was born. (= the hospital in
.,... Exercises 1, 2 and 3 which I was born)
Do you remember the moment when you decided to
become a nurse?(= the moment in which you decided
to become a nurse)
3 1
.,... Exercises 5 and 6

lOMoARcPSD|5974606
Exercises 4 Circle the correct relative pronoun or pronouns.

Then cross out the relative pronoun(s) that can be
1 Match the beginnings of the sentences (1- 8) with omitted.
the endings (a- h).
1 Is that the athlete that I which I who won the
1 If I were you, gold medal?
2 People wouldn't feel so stressed 2 Those are the books that I which I who I
3 If my sister didn't buy so many things, borrowed from the library.
4 Which sport would you do 3 This is the website that I which I who has a lot
5 If Paul didn't drink so much coffee, of good recipes.
6 If my parents lived closer, 4 My boss doesn't like the report that I which I
7 I wouldn't have to use public transport who I wrote for him.
8 If space travel were cheaper, 5 I've just seen someone that I which I who I
know .
a I could visit them more often.
6 This is the TV programme that I which I who
b she'd have more money.
got good reviews.
c if you had more free time?
d I'd find another flat. 5 Complete the sentences with a relative clause.
e if they didn't work so much .
f he might sleep better at night. 1 This is a hotel. Leo is staying here.
g would more people try it? This is the hotel ....
h if I had a car. 2 The doctor has already seen those people.
Those are the people _
2 Choose the correct form to complete the sentences. 3 This man is Will. His wife likes running
ultramarathons.
1 If you were I would be a millionaire, what would I
Will is the man . .
did you buy first?
4 The first woman won a gold medal at the
2 People would feel I felt happier here if it were I
Olympic games in 1900.
would be sunnier.
1900 was the year _
3 If we lived I would live in the countryside, we'll I
5 I told you about that man. He's my old school
we'd be able to see the stars at night.
teacher.
4 If I hadn't I didn't have so much work to do, I'd
That man's the old school teacher ...
go I I went to bed earlier.
5 I can I could buy a new car if I'd save I I saved
6 I got a lovely present from my sister. This is it.
more money.
This is the lovely present .....
6 My dad would have I had more friends if he'd be I
he was more friendly. 6 Complete the text with the phrases (a- f) and an
7 Would I Did you take a job for less money if it appropriate relative pronoun or adverb.
was I would be closer to home?
8 If I lived I I'd lived nearer my work, I could I a she grew up
might walk there. b she was attacked
c story has inspired people
3 Complete the sentences to make second d was based on her life story
conditionals. e lost her arm
f was living in a hotel nearby
1 I don't exercise, so I'm not very fit.
If I .........................................................
more, I ......................................................... fitter. Bethany Hamilton is an American professional
2 She doesn't have his number, so she can't call surfer 1 .........................................................
in a shark attack at the age
him. of just sixteen and 2 all around the
If she ... ................his number, she world. On October 31, 2003, Bethany was surfing
.... him. at a local beach in Hawaii when she was attacked .
3 You're tired because you don't get enough She lost sixty per cent of her blood on the way to
sleep. hospital, but luckily she was saved by the medical
You ........................................................tired if you ..... team there, including one doctor 3
enough sleep. The attack was terrible, but Bethany was surfing
4 He doesn't study, so he won't pass his exams. again within a month, and in 2005, less then
If he ........................................................., he .........................................................
his exams. two years after the day 4 ... . ................, she won
5 I'm ill, so I can't go to work. her first national surfing competition. Bethany
If I .........................................................
ill, I ... . .............to work. became well known around the world when a film
6 She often gets headaches because she uses her ... came out. Bethany is now married
computer so much. and has a child. Her wedding was by the sea on an
She .........................................................
headaches so often if she island in Hawaii 6 ......
.... her computer less.
175

Toaz Life Intermediate Student Book PDF Info

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Toaz Life Intermediate Student Book PDF Info

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

lOMoARcPSD|5974606

Toaz - life intermediate student book pdf info

Ingles Tecnico Contable (Universidad Católica de Santa María)

Studocu no está patrocinado ni avalado por ningún colegio o universidad.

STUDENT'S BOOK I INTERMEDIATE

NATIONAL HELEN STEPHENSON

Austra lia · Brazil · Mexico · Singapore · United Kingdom · United States

Descargado por Ismael Christian Achahui Vilca (draking_live_96@hotmail.com)

Descargado por Ismael Christian Achahui Vilca (draking_live_96@hotmail.com)

ion ..rstening Reading Critical thinking Speaking Writing

Descargado por Ismael Christian Achahui Vilca (draking_live_96@hotmail.com)

Descargado por Ismael Christian Achahui Vilca (draking_live_96@hotmail.com)

Descargado por Ismael Christian Achahui Vilca (draking_live_96@hotmail.com)

Unit 6 Encounters with a sea monster

Unit 12 Shark vs. octopus

Unit 7 The town with no wi-fi

Find out what life is like in the quiet

Unit 11 Can you read my lips?

Rachel Kolb tells us about

Descargado por Ismael Christian Achahui Vilca (draking_live_96@hotmail.com)

Amber Valenti leads a kayak trip down

Unit 5 Dangerous dining

- ind out if Everest tourism has been

Descargado por Ismael Christian Achahui Vilca (draking_live_96@hotmail.com)

Descargado por Ismael Christian Achahui Vilca (draking_live_96@hotmail.com)

...._...... ._. .._. _ - ...._,.._ - ...._,.._ . . ._,. . - - ._,.._ ._,. J

1a How we see other cultures

Descargado por Ismael Christian Achahui Vilca (draking_live_96@hotmail.com)

13 Work in pairs. Write two-line exchanges using

Possession have, .........................................• . .

my Iife J GETTING TO KNOW YOU

Descargado por Ismael Christian Achahui Vilca (draking_live_96@hotmail.com)

1 b Culture and colour

2 He just saw red! Eastern cultures 2

3 He's in a black mood today. yellow 3 knowledge

Look at the photo . Where are the

Does red mean different things in

Where does yellow mean 'knowledge'?

Which colour means 'happiness'

Do Mexicans wear blue at funerals?

Who uses green as their symbol?

Descargado por Ismael Christian Achahui Vilca (draking_live_96@hotmail.com)

Listen to the questions from Exercise 8.

·• Listen again and repeat the questions.

QUESTION FORMS: INDIRECT QUESTIONS

further information and practice, see

:..oak at the grammar box. What is the order

reading globalization • wordbuilding adjective + noun collocations • critical thinking examples •

I 4 Work in pairs. Does globalization affect you or

Wordbuilding adjective+ noun

10 Read the pairs of sentences. Underline the

2 Nowadays companies have a worldwide clothes food movies music sports

,f your WORLD TOGETHER

real life opening and closing conversations • pronunciation short questions

'You never get a second chance

"' the Testimonials

Descargado por Ismael Christian Achahui Vilca (draking_live_96@hotmail.com)

6 I 0111 Can you remember what Steve McCurry

Descargado por Ismael Christian Achahui Vilca (draking_live_96@hotmail.com)

UNIT 1 REVIEW AND MEMORY BOOSTER

book and I also ...................................................... (want) to finish

4 f>ilfl!:IWork in pairs . Each person

NEW RELEASES PERFORMING A SURVEY ON THE ARTS ARTS EVENTS 21

catchy cheerful inter esting lively