INSCRIPTIONS

OF THE
EARLY KADAMBAS

G.S. GAi

INDIAN COUNCIL OF HISTORICAL RESEARCH

NEW DELHI
&
PRA TIBHA PRAKASHAN
DELHI
 FOREWORD

Thevalue of inscriptions as a source of early Indian history is

widely recognised. In fact, the epigraphic records scattered all
over India, Pakistan and Bangladesh form a very important source
for the reconstruction of the political and cultural history of the
Indian subcontinent from the third century B.C. to about the
fourteenth century A.D. But for these records composed in
Sanskritic and Dravidian languages and incised on a variety of
materials - primarily lithic objects and copper-plates - our
knowledge of the early history of India would have remained
highly perfunctory. The number of inscriptions noticed till date
far exceeds a hundred thousand, and a large majority of them
offer valuable historical information not available anywhere else.
The mass of scattered epigraphical wealth noticed or published
in numerous Indian or foreign, mostly occidental, periodicals
devoted to orientology and other occasional publications, many
/st. Edition 1996
of them long defunct or out of print, spread over nearly a couple
of centuries, is not easily accessible to the students of Indian
history. Therefore, the necessity of bringing out properly edited
handy compilations of chronologically, dynastically, regionally or
© Indian Council of Historical Research, New Delhi. otherwise allied inscriptions had been felt for a long time. As
early as 1877, a volume of Asokan edicts was brought out by the
Archaeological Survey of India as the inaugural volume of its
prestigious Corpus lnscriptionum lndicarum series. It was
ISBN - 81-85268-47-9 followed by two other volumes comprising post-Asokan Kharo~thi
( or Kharo~tT) and Gupta and allied epigraphs. In the last about
seventy years only five more volumes incl'-!ding the inscriptions
Price : Rs.1000.00 of the Early Guptas (revised), Vakatakas, Silahara s, Paramaras,
Candellas and Kacchapaghatas and those dated in the
Kalacuri-Cedi era have been published. Realising the urgency of
the matter and with a view to supplement the Corpus series, the
Co-Published by : l"dian Council of Historical Research, 35, Ferozeshah Road, Indian Council of Historical Research has taken up the ambitious
New Delhi & J- atibha Prakashan (Oriental Publishers & Book Sellers)
2915, Shakti Nagar, Delhi-110007. programme of bringing out handy compilations of epigraphs
Composed at: Compu-Media, dating from circa sixth to fourteenth century A.D. the
43, Bang/ow Road. Delhi-110007, chronological limits being flexible in keeping with the dynastic
Printed at : Santosh Offset Press, Delhi.
or regional requirements. Fortunately, despite certain difficulties
the programme has recorded a steady progress and as many as
five volumes comprising the inscriptions of the Pallavas,
 vi

Maukharis, Later Guptas, Pu~pabhutis, Yasovarman of Kanauj,

Western Gat\gas, Gajapatis, Sarabhapur'iyas, Pal)c;luvarhsins and
Somavarhsins have already been published and a few others are
in the pipeline. The volumes released so far have been received PREFACE
well by students and scholars.
The present volume by Dr. G.S. Gai, formerly Chief
Epigraphist, Archaeological Survey of India, Government of Although this volume on the Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas
India, and a renowned epigraphist in his own right with numerous was entrusted to me long ago by the Indian Council of
valuable publications to his credit, brings together all the Historical Research, I could take up this work only in 1988-89
inscriptions of the early Kadambas. While his texts of inscriptions and I h~nded over the manuscript to the Council in February
are immaculate as they should be from a professional epigraphist, 1991. Th1s volume contains 44 inscriptions belonging to the Early
the introduction makes certain original contributions on the Kadamba Dynasty of Karnataka. This is the first imperial native
political and cultural history. It for the first time makes some dyn~sty of Karnataka since the earlier rulers of this region were
important suggestions on the history of the early Kadambas outs1ders: ~xcept _No.~ ~hich is written in Prakrit language, all
springing from his highly innovative and well-based the remammg 43 mscnpt10ns are couched in Sanskrit which was
interpretations of the epigraphic evidence. I trust this volume, the court language of the Early Kadamba kings. All these
which would prove to be an invaluable source book on the history inscriptio~s are critically edited f~:>rthe first time in a single
of the early Kadambas, would be received well by the students volume w1th an elaborate Introduct10n. I have differed from other
of early Indian history. schola~s in_ th_e reading and i~terpretation of some passages of
some ms_cnpttons and have tned to throw fresh light on some
Ajay Mitra Shastri other pomts. For example, I have suggested, for the first time
'Prachi',
Convener the identification of the unnamed Kadamba king of the MafavaUi
23, Vidya Vihar
Rana Pratap Nagar Inscriptions of India Programe record (No.1) with Bandhu~el)a, the father and predecessor of
Nagpur - 440 022 Indian Council of Historical Research Mayuravarman who is regarded as the real founder of the
New Delhi
29 April 1993 Kadamba dynasty.
It is my pleasant duty to acknowledge the help of the Indian
Council of Historical Research who, besides entrusting the
~olume to me, have also undertaken the responsibility to publish
1t. I am thankful to the concerned authorities of the Council for
their interest in seeing the volume through the press. My sincere
thanks are due to Prof. Ajay Mitra Sastri for going through the
manuscript of this volume and making some useful suggestions
and also for writing a valuable Foreword as Convenor of the
Inscriptions Programme of the I.C.H.R.
I am much obliged to Dr. K.V. Ramesh, retired Joint
Director G~neral of Archaeology, who helped me in getting the
plates of th1s volume prepared in the Office of the Director of
Epigraphy when he was the Director. I am also thankful to the
present Director of Epigraphy, Shri Madhav N. Katti for
deputing his officer Dr. S.S. Iyer to copy the important Maf;vaUi
inscription for fresh impressions and for correcting some of the
proof pages. I am indebted to Pandit V.S. Subrahmanyam who
has rendered considerable help in the preparation of the text
 viii

porti�n in De�anagari s�ript. I am very grateful to Dr. S.S. Iyer

for his help in arranging the captions to the plates, in the
_
corr�ct1on of the proofs, in preparing the Index to the volume
and in many other ways. My sincere thanks are due to Prof. U.R.
Anantha Mu�thy, President of the Sahitya Academy, New Delhi,
_ kind
for his _ _ the publication of this volume. Last but
interest in
not least, my thanks are due to M/s. Pratibha Prakashan Delhi
ABBREVIATIONS
for printing this volume expeditiously and neatly.
A.R.Ep. Annual Report of Indian Epigraphy.
G.S. GAi - Anc.Hist. Dec. Ancient History of the Deccan
by Dubreuil.
An.Rh.Or.Res.Inst. Annals of Bhandarkar Oriental
Research Institute.
Cll Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum.
Corp.Kad.Ins. Corpus of Kadamba Inscription by
B.R.Gopal (1985).
Dyn. Kan. Dist Dynasties of the Kanarese Districts
by J.F.Fleet (1896).
Ep.Ind. Epigraphia Indica.
Ep.Carn. Epigraphia Carnatica.
Hist.of Karn. History of Karnataka ed. by
P.B.Desai, S.H.Ritti and B.R.Gopal.
Hist.of S.Ind. History of South India by Sewell.
Ins. West.Gang. Inscriptions of the Western Gat'lgas
by K.V. Ramesh (1984).
Ind.Ant. Indian Antiquary.
Ind.Hist. Quart. Indian Histor_ic_al Quarterly.
Journ.Ep.Ind.Soc. Journal of the Epigraphical
Society of India.
JBBRAS Journal of the Bombay Branch of the
Royal Asiatic Society.
JBORS Journal of Bihar and Orissa
Research Society.
Journ.Ind.Hist. Journal of Indian History.
Journ.or. Res. Journal of Oriental Research.
Mys.Arch.rep. Mysore ArchaeolQgical Reports.
QJMS Quarterly Journal of the
Mythic Society.
Sue.Sat. Successors of the Satavahanas by
D.C.Sircar (1939).
Sel.Ins. Select Inscriptions by D.C.Sircar (1962).
 LIST OF PLATES

I MalavaUi Inscription of Kadambaraja

II CandravaUi Inscription of Mayuravarman
III Halsi Plates of Yuvaraja Kakusthavarman, year 80.
IV TalaguQc;laInscription of Santivarman
V Grant of Mrgesavarman, year 2
VI Devagiri Plates of Mrgesavarman, year 3
VII Devagiri Plates of Vijayasiva-Mrgesavarman, year 4
VIII Hosanagara Plates of Vijayasiva-Mrgesavarman,
year 6
IX Hitn~ Hebbagilu Plates of Mrgesavarman,
year 7
X Hiresakuna Plates of Mrgesavarman, year 8
XI Halsi Plates of Mrgesavarman, year 8
XII Banavasi Inscription of Mrgesavarman
XIII TalagmJc;la Inscription of the time of
Mrgesavarman and his queen Prabhavafi
XIV Kuc;lgere Plates of Vijayasiva Mandhatrvarman,
year 2
XV Shimoga Plates of Mandlratr-raja, year 5
XVI Nilambur Plates of Ravivarman, year 5
XVII Halsi Plates of Ravivarman, year 11
XVIII Km)tagaQi Plates of Ravivarman, year 12
XIX DavaQagere Plates of Ravivarman, year 34
XX Sirsi Plates of Ravivarman, year 35
XXI Halsi Plates of Ravivarman
XXII Guc;lnapur Inscription of Ravivarman
XXIII Halsi Plates of Ravivarman
XXIV Kasipura Plates (Durmaya Grant) of Ravivarman
XXV Kavac;li Inscription of Ravivarman
XXVI Honnavar Plates of the time of Ravivarman
and Kaikeya Citrasena, year 1
XXVII Halsi Plates of Harivarman, year 4
 xii

XXVIII HaJsi Plates of Harivarman, year 5

XXIX SangoUi Plates of Harivarman, year 8
XXX Mahamafappafi Grant of Harivarman, year 8
XXXI Devagiri Plates of Kf$:t;1avarman and yuvaraja
Devavarman ..
XXXII Birur Plates of Vi$:t;1uvarman, year 3
XXXIII Perbbata Grant of Vi$:t;1uvarman, year 5 CONTENTS
XXXIV Muc;ligere Plates of Vi$:t;1uvarman, year 9
XXXV Muc;ldigere Plates of Sirhhavarman, year 5
XXXVI Sivalli Plates of Kf$:t;1avarman II, year 7 Page
V
XXXVII BannahaUi Plates of Kr~i:iavarman II, year 7 Foreword
XXVIII Kirukuppatura Grant of Kf$:t;1avarman II, year 15 Preface vii
XXXIX Sirsi Plates of Kr~i:iavarman II, year 19 Abbreviations ix
XL SivalJi Plates of Kf$:t;1avarman II, year 22 List of Plates xi
XLI Bennur Plates of Kf$:t;1avarman II
XLII Tagare Plates of Bhogivarman
INTRODUCTION
XLIII Tac;lagai:ii Inscription of Madhuvarman 1
PreJiminary
XLIV Koi:ii:iur Inscription of Damodara. 5
Origin of the Kadamba dynasty
Genealogy and Chronology 7
Po1itica1 History
Mayuravarman 16
Kangavarman, BhagTratha and Raghu 22
Kakutsthavarman 23
Santivarman 28
Mrgesavarman 30
Si va-Mandhatrvarm an 32
Ravivarman 33
Harivarman 37
Kf$:t;1avarman I and Yuvaraja Devavarman 39
Vi~i:iuvarman 41
Sirilhavarman 42
Kf$:t;1avarman II 43
Bhogivarman 44
Madhuvarman and Damodara 45
Religion 46
Geography 51
 xv
xiv

25 XXV KavaQi Fragmentary Inscription

TEXTS AND SUMMARIES of Ravivarman 118
No. Plate Page
26 XXVI Honnavar Plates of the time of
1 I Ma}avalli Inscription of Kadamba king 59 Ravivarman and Kaikeya Citrasena, 119
2 II CandravaUi Inscription of Mayuravarman 61 27 XXVII Halsi Plates of Harivarman, year 4 121
3 III Halsi Plates of Yuvaraja 28 XXVIII Halsi Plates of Harivarman, year 5 123
Kakutsthavarman, year 80 62 XXIX Sat\golli Plates of Harivarman, year 8 125
29
4 IV Ta}agunda Inscription of Santivarman 64 XXX Mahama}appali Grant of Harivarman,
30 127
5 V Grant of Mrgesavarman, year 2 69 year 8
6 VI Devagiri Plates of Mrigesavarman year 3 71 31 XXXI Devagiri Plates of Kr~i:iavarmana I
7 VII Devagiri Plates of Vijayasiva- and Yuvaraja Devavarman 129
Mrgesavarman, year 4 74 32 XXXII Birur Plates of Vi~i:iuvarman, year 3 131
8 VIII Hosanagara Plates of Vijayasiva- 33 XXXIII Perbbata Grant of Vi~Quvarman, year 5 134
Mrgesavarman, year 6 77 136
34 XXXIV Mu<;ligere Plates of Vigmvarman, year 9
9 IX Hitna Hebbagilu Plates of 138
Mrgesavarman, year 7 79 35 XXXV Muc;tigere Plates of Sirhhavarman, year 5
36 XXXVI Sivalli Plates of Kr~i:iavarman II, year 7 141
10 X Hiresakuna Plates of
Mrgesavarman, year 8 82 37 XXXVII Bannahalli Plates of 144
XI Halsi Plates of Mrgesavarman, Kr~i:iavarman II, year 7
11
year 8 84 38 XXXVIII Kirukuppatora Grant of
Kr~i:iavarman II, year 15 147
12 XII Banavasi Inscription of 149
Mrgesavarman 86 39 XXXIX Sirsi Plates of Kni:iavarman II, year 19
40 XL Sivalli Plates of Kni:iavarman II, year 22 151
13 XIII Ta}agunda Inscription of the
time of Mrgesavarman and 41 XLI Bei:ii:iur Plates of Kr~i:iavarman II 153
queen Prabhavafi 88 42 XLII Tagare Plates of Bhogivarman 155
14 XIV Kuc;lgere Plates of Vijayasiva 43 XLIII Tac;lagai:iiInscription of Madhuvarman 158
Mandhatrvarman, year 2 90 XLIV Koi:ii:iur Inscription of Damodara 159
44
15 XV Shimoga Plates of Mandhatrraja Index 161
year 5 · ' 92 171
16 XVI Nilambur Plates of Ravivarman Plates
year 5 ' 94
17 XVII Halsi Plates of Ravivarman, year 11 96
18 XVIII Kui:itagai:ii Plates of Ravivarman,
year 12 98
19 XIX Davai:iagere PJ.ates of
Ravivarman, year 34 100
20 XX Sirsi Plates of Ravivarman, year 35 103
21 XXI Halsi Plates of Ravivarman 105
22 XXII Guc;lnapur Inscription of Ravivarman 107
23 XXIII Halsi Plates of Ravivarman 112
24 XXIV Kasipura Plates (Durmaya Grant)
of Ravivarman 115
INTRODUCTION
 PRELIMINARY

prior to the rise of the Kadambas at the beginning of the fourth

century A. D., the Satavahanas and their feudatory branch
Cutukula-SatakarrJ,is and their successors the early Pallavas were
the sovereign rulers of Karnataka, also called Kuntala in the early
period. The discoverx of inscriptions belonging to the Satavahana
kings Pulumavi' Sivasri-Pulumavi and Sri-Satakarryi at
1 2
Myaka<;Ioni, Banavasi and Sannati 3 respectively testify to the
Satavahana rule in Karnataka, though their capital was outside
Karnataka at Prati~thana, i.e. modern PaithaQ in the Aurangabad
district of Maharashtra State. But their feudatory branch
Cutukula-Satakarryis made Vaijayanfi or Banavasi their capital
and their records have been found at MaJavaUi in Shimoga district
of Karnataka and at Banavasi itself. A copper-plate grant 4 found
at Hirehac;lagali in Bellary district belongs to the reign of the
early Pallava king Sivaskandavarman. Though issued from his
capital at Kafid, it registers gifts, made by the king, of some
villages situated in Satahaniragha (i.e. Satavahan1ya-ra~tra). The
Myakac;loni inscripti9n refers to the area near about as
Satavahanihara (i.e. Satavahaniya- ahara) which is the same as
Satahanirattha. This would show that the area round about the
present Bellary district was under the cont ·rol of the Satavahanas
first and Cutu-Satakarryis seem to have held away over Shimoga
and North Kanara districts with their capital at Vaijayanfi or
Banavasi in Karr:iataka only as attested by the MaJaya!Ji 5 and
6
Banavasi inscriptions of Viryhukac;la-Cutukulananda-Satakarryi.
On palaeographical and linguistic consideration D.C. Sircar
suggests that the Vii:ihukac;la-Cutukulananda-Satakarr:ii of the

1. Ep.lnd., Vol.XIV, pp.153 ff. Myaka<;loni was formerly in the Bellary

district of Karnataka but is now in the Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh.
2. Journ. Ep.Soc.Ind., Vol.I, pp.34 ff. Banavasi is in North Kanara district
of Karnataka.
3. A.R.Ep., 1968-69, No.B.87. Sannati is in the Gulbarga district of
Karnataka.
4. Ep.Ind., Vol.l, pp.2 ff.
5. Ep.Carn., Vol.VII, Sk.263.
6. Ep.Ind., Vol.XXXIV, pp.238 ff.
 Inscription s of the Early Kadambas
4

Banavasi record is an earlier and different1

ruler from his
name-sake of the MalavaUi inscription. The Cutukula-Satakan:ii
rulers are endowed, like the kings of the Kadamba dynasty, with
the titles Mlinavya-sagotra and Hlirifi-putra. There is another
record (No.1) engraved below the Malavalli inscription of ORIGIN OF THE
Vil)hukac;la-Cutukulananda-Satakan:ii which belongs to a certain
Kadamba king who renews a grant made previously by a ruler KADAMBA DYNASTY
described as Vaijyanfi-pati Mlinavya-sagotra Hlirifiputra Siva-
skandavarman. While some scholars think that this
Sivaskandavarman is the same as the Kadamba king mentioned The_r~ are many stories and mythological accounts about the
in the inscription,2 ·others identify him with the early Pallava king ongm of t~e Kadamba ~yn~sty. The earliest epigraphical
of that name referred to in the Hirehac;lagali inscription. But it reference to t?ts dynasty, which_1s also the earliest inscription of
is not possible to accept both these views. Since the Kadamba the dynasty discovered so far, 1s found in the Malavalli Prakrit
~ing is said to have renewed the gift made previously by inscription (No.1) which belongs to an unnamed ki~·g of the
Sivaskandavarman as borne out by the grammatical structure of K~d~mbas (Kadamblinlim rlijli). But the earliest reference to the
the sentences describing them,3 it is obvious that the unnamed ?ngm of the name Kadamba given to this dynasty is to be found
Kadamba king and Sivaskandavarman are two different persons. 1~ the,!a~ous Talagunda pillar inscription (No.4) of the Kadamba
Moreover, this Sivaskandavarman is stated to, have belonged to kmg Santtvarman who is fourth in descent from Mayuravarman,
the Manavya-gotra whereas the Pallava Sivaskandavarman regarded as the real founder of the family. This inscription states
belonged to the Bharadvaja-gotra and, therefore, they are not th~t the family was named Kadamba on account of the early
i_dentical. In this connection, Sircar's suggestion that the brahmal)a members of the family tending a Kadamba tree which
Sivaskandav arman of the Ma}avaUi record seems to be a later grew near their house and which bloomed with flowers
ruler of the Cutukula-Satakarl)i family and that it is not (grih~-samTpa-de~a-samrutJ,ha-vikasat-K adambaika-plid-apam tad-
impo~sible that he acknowledged the suzerainty of the Pallava upaca ra~a t-t~d-as ya . ta!_o~. slin~mya- slidharmyam-asya 1 tat
king Sivaskandarman and thus assumed his name also appears to _prav~vr!e sattrtthya-viprarJ,am pracuryyatas-tad-vise~arJ,am. The
be reasonable and acceptable. Such was the political condition mscnpt1on further states that Mayurasarman, described as the
which was prevailing in Karnatak~ or Kuntala when the early best of the brlihmarJ.as (dvijottamalJ.), was born in this Kadamba
Kadambas succeeded the Cutukula-S atakarl)is in the Shimoga and d~nasty (evam-ligate Kadamba-kule srTmlin-babhii.va dvijottamah
Banavasi region and the early Pallavas in the Bellary and the namato M ayurasarmm-eti). · · .
surrounding region at the beginning of the fourth century A.D. ~ome legendary tales about the origin of this dynasty are
me~t10ned in the later inscriptions of the llth-12th centuries A.D.
which belong to the subordinate ruling families of the Kadamba
dynasties like the Kadambas of Hangal and the Kadambas of
G?a. Ac_cording to one of these inscriptions,2 the originator of
this family was the three-eyed and four-armed Kadamba who
sprang into being und~r a Kadamba tree from a drop of sweat
from the forehead of Siva falling on the ground. This Kadamba
b~got Mayuravarman. Another record 3 states that Mayuravarman
himself was born to Rudra and the Earth under an auspicious

1. Sue.Sat., pp.222-23. 1. The botanical name of Kadamba tree is Nauclea Cadamba or

2. Cf. Lilder's List No.1196. Anthocephalus Cadamba.
3. While ,the Kadamba king with his epithets is mentioned in the nominative 2. Ep.Carn., Vol.VII, Sk.117.
case, Sivaskandavarman, the donor of the previous gift, is referred to in 3. Ep.Carn. Vol.XI, Dg.35.
the instrumental case along with his epithets (cf. No.1 below).
6 Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas

Kadamba tree and since he grew up under the shade of that tree
1
the family came to be known as Kadamba. A third inscription
from Shimoga district and dated 1077 A.D. states that
Mayiiravarman was born under a Kadamba tree and was called
Trilocana. The Degamve grant2 of the Goa Kadambas traces the
origin of the family to the three-eyed and four-armed Jayanta, GENEALOGY AND
also called Trilocana-Kadamba. This Jayanta is said to have
sprung from a drop of sweat from the forehead of Siva which CHRONOLOGY
fell near the roots of a Kadam ba tree when he fought with Tripura
and killed him. Yet another record 3 of the same period and
belonging to the branch called Nagarakhai:ic;la Kadambas states nly a few records of the early Kadamba dynasty supJ?IY the
that a certain king named ~anda, with the desire of begetting a O genealogical information while the rest commence with the
son, worshipped the god Siva. And one day som~ Ka?amba ruling king without ment!oning his predecessors. Of them,_ the
flowers suddenly fell from the sky and a heavenly vmce said that Talagunda inscription of Santivarman (~o.4) and _the <?uc;Inapur
he (i.e. king Nanda) would get two brilliant sons in the near inscription of Ravivarman (No.22) are important m this regard.
future and hence this family came to be known as Kadamba. While the former record commences the genealogy of the dynasty
The above-mentioned tales and mythical accounts belonging with Mayurasarman, who is regarded as the real founder of_ the
to the later period are mostly imaginary and devoid of any dynasty, the latter epigraph takes us back to two more ge~erat10ns
historical value. • owever, they suggest that Mayuravarman was by supplying the names of Virasarman and Bandhu~e:r:ia, the
the progenitor of the family which is connected with the Kadamba grandfather and father respectively of this Mayurasarman, call~d
tree. And this connection is attested, as shown above, by the by his k.ratriya = ending name Mayuravarman here as wel! as _1~
'falagunda pillar inscription of the early Kadamba king all the other inscriptions of the Kadamba dynasty. The Devag~r!
Santivarman. plates (No.6), the Hiresakuna grant (No.10) and the B~navas1
The king s of the Kadamba dynasty claim descent from inscription (No.12) of Mrgesavarman as well as_the Hals1 pla~es
Mlinavya-gotra and also call themselves as Hlirifi-putras. Their (No.17) of Ravivarman commence the genealog1cal account with
4
records describe them as being favoured by the god Kakutstha or Kakutsthavarman, the great grandson of
Svami-Mahasena i.e. Karttikeya, the god of war, and the Mayuravarman. Nos.11 and 17 describe Mrgesa or M,r~es_avarman
assem bi age of the mothers (Svlimi-Mahlisena- mlitr-ga1J,- as the eldest son Uye~tha-tanaya or jye~tha-s _u1J,u)of Sant1varman,
linuddhylit-libhi~ikta) . But in the DevagTri plates of Mrgesavarman son of Kakutsthavarman. From the Guc;lnapur inscription
(No.6) the Kadambas are de~cribed not only as belonging to the (No.22), we learn that Mrgesavarman had m~rried the d~ughter
Mlinavya-gotra, but also to Ahgirasa-gotra which would suggest, of a Kaikeya king on whom he begot Rav1varman wh1l_: th_e
as pointed out by Sircar, that the Kadamba family actually belongs Ta)agunda inscription (No.13) reveals her name as Prabhavat1.
to the Ahgirasa-gotra. 5 And this is the only record of the dynasty No.17 of Ravivarman mentions Bhanuvarman as the younger
whi ch mentions this gotra. brother of Ravivarman. The two Halsi plates (Nos. 27 and 28)
and the Mahama]appalli grant (No.30) state that Ravivarman's
son was Harivarman, the last ruler of the main line of
Mayuravarman, while No.27 informs us that this Hariv~rman
1. Ibid., Vol.VIII, Sb.262. made a gift on the advice of his father's younger brother (pztrvya)
2. Ibid., Vol.VII, Sk.236; JBBRAS, Val.IX, p.266. Sivaratha.
3. JBBRAS, Val.IX, pp.245, 272 and 285. The collateral branch of the Kadamba dynasty commences
4. The expression used for this in the inscriptions is anuddhyaya or
anuddhyata which, however, is understood by Fleet (Dyn.Kan.Dist. p.287) from Asvamedhaylijin Kr~i:iavarman I. The relationship between
in the sense of 'meditating on'. But D.C.Sircar's interpretation of the the main line and this collateral branch is made known from the
expression as 'favoured by' is better and appropriate (Sue.Sat., p.240). Birur plates (No.32) of Vi~i:iuvarman, son of Kr~i:iavarman I,
5. Ibid., p.261. which state that Vi~i:iuvarman made a gift on the advice (anujfzlita)
8 Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas Genealogy and Chronology 9

of his father's elder brother Uye~fha-pitr) Santivarman who is that Mandhatrvarman might have been either a younger brother
described as the ruler of the entire Kan:iata country of Santivarman, the immediate predecessor and father of
(samagra-Kanpfiifa-desa-bhuvargga-bhartta) fr01p which we can Mrgesavarman or the younger brother and immediate successor
safely conclude that he could be none else than Santivarman, son of Mrgesavarman himself. 1 However, since such epithets are of
of Kakutsthavarman. Thus Krsnavarman I is another son of common nature and could be applied to any ruler ,2 we cannot
Kakutsthavarman and younger b~~ther of Santivarman. He is also be certain about the identity of Mandhatrvarman suggested by
the brother-in -law of the Western Ganga king Madhavavarman Kielhorn . In this connection, it is necessary to notice the Shimoga
III since the records of Avin1ta, son of Madhavavarman III, plates of Mandhataraja, son of Kumaravarman (No.15).
describe A vin1ta as the sister's son of Kr~i:iavarman I who 9ontrasting this name Mandhataraja with that of
performed the horse-sacrific (Asvamedha-yajinal} Siva-Mandhatrvarman of the Ku9gere plates, the editor
R.Narasimhachar observed that the difference in these names is
sr""imat-Kadamba-kula Kr~rJ.avarmma-dharmma-mahadhirajasya so great as to cause a reasonable doubt with regard to the identity
bhagineyal}). 1 The Birur plates (No.32) and the Perbbata grant of these two kings. 3 But D.C. Sircar is of the opinion that the
(No.33) of Vi~i:iuvarman inform us that he was the eldest son name Mandhata-raja is evidently a mistake for Mandhatr-raja
Uye~tha-tanaya) of Kr~i:iavarman I while the Mu9igere plates and that he is identical with Siva-Mandhatrvarman of the Kudgere
{No.34) reveal that his mother was the daughter of a Kaikeya plates. 4 A close scrutiny of the facsimile· of the Shimoga plates
king . This Vi~i:iuvarman is called Vi~i:iudasa in the Bei:ii:iur plates would show that the name of the ruling king is actually
{No.41) of his grandson Kr~i:iavarman II. Kr~i:iavarman I had Mandhatr-raja only and not Mandhataraja as read by
another son called Devavarman described as a prince (yuvaraja) R.N arasimhachar. This reading would support Sircar's
in his Devagiri plates {No.31). The BannahaHi (No.37) and the identification of the two kings. 5 However, if this identification is
Bei:ii:iur (No.41) plates of KH:r:iavarman II supply the genealogy accepted, as we are inclined to, then Siva-Mandhatrvarman of
of the king for four generations starting from the Asvamedhayajin ;he Kfi9gere plates could not have been the younger brother of
Kr~:r:iavarman I, his son Vi~:r:iuvarman or Vi~:r:iudasa, his son Santivarman or Mrgesavarman, as suggested by Kielhorn, since
Simhavarman and the latter's son Kr~:r:iavarman II. The Tagare we learn from the Shimoga plates that Mandhatr-raja was the
plates {No.42) of Bhogivarman mention his father Ajavarman son of one Kumaravarman unless we suppose that Kumaravarman
and his grand-father KH:r:iavarman II, besides his own son wa~ another name of Kakutsthavarman, father of Santivarman or
Vi~:r:iuvarman II. Besides Ajavarman, Kr~:r:iavarman II had of Santivarman himself . But it is difficult to do so in the absence
another son called Ravivarman II known from his Kirukupparuru of any evidence. Hence, the place of Kadamba Kumaravarman
grant (No.38). and his son Mandhatrvarman or Mandhatr-raja, who may be
While discussing the Kadamba genealogy, we have to notice referred to the fifth-sixth century A :D. on palaeographical
one Siva-Mandhatrvarman who is mentioned as a Kadamba king
in his Ku9gere plates (No.14) as ruling from Vaijayanfi and
1. Ep.Ind., Vol.VI, p.13 .
making a gift in his second regnal year. His relationship with 2. Cf. The epithet purva-sucarit -opacita-vipula-puf}ya-
other rulers of the Kadamba dynasty is not known as observed sampiidita-sar i ra-buddhi-sattva}J. in th e Halsi plates of Harivarman (No.28)
by Kielhorn who edited this record as early as 1900 and, and aneka-janmantar-opiirjjita- vipula -pu'}ya -skandhal) applied to
unfortunately, the position remains the same till today. However, Kr~i;iavarman II in his Sirsi plates (No.39).
on palaeographical grounds and other considerations like the 3. Mys.Arch.Rep. 1911, p.35.
common epithets applied to Mandhatrvarman in his Kuc.Igere 4. Sue.Sat, p.306.
plates and to Mrgesavarman in his records,2 Kielhorn suggested 5. It has been suggested (Journ.Ind.Hist., Vol.XIII, pp.24 ff) that
Mandhatrvarman of the Kuc;igere plates is different from the Mandhatr-raja
of the Shimoga plates and that he is an earlier member than Kr~i;iavarman
1. K.V.Ramesh, Ins . of West . Gahgas, No . 15, p.53; No .17, p.62. I on the ground that there is no mention of the Asvamedha or
2. Cf. the epithets aneka-sucarit-opacarita-vipula-pwJya-skandhal) and horse-sacrifice in his record while the Shimoga plates mention it. This is
ahav-iirjita -vipula-parama-dr<Jha-sattval) occurring in the Koc;igere plates argumentum ab silentio and hence untenable as shown by D.C.Sircar who
with aneka -janmantar-op7irjjita-vipula-pu'}ya- skandhal) and ahav- points out that some records belonging to the period later than
arjjita-parama-rucira -dr<Jha-sattval)in the Devagiri plates of Mrgesavarman Kni;iavarman I also do not mention this Asvamedha sacrifice (Sue.Sat.,
(No.6, lines 4-5). p.306).
10 Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas Genealogy and Chronology 11

grounds of their records, remains isolated in the Kadamba daughter is sought to be identified with either Kumaragupta I
genealogy. However, assuming that he was closely related to the (415-55 A.D.) or his son Skandagupta (456-66 A.D.). 1 The
Kadambas it may be suggested that he ascended the throne after Balaghat plates of the Vakataka king Prthvi~eJJa II (470-90 A.D.)
the death of Mrgesavarman during the period when Ravivarman state that he was the son of Narendrasena (450-70 A.D.) through
was still young. Mahadev "i Ajjhitabhattarika, daughter of the lord of Kuntala. 2
There are two more stray kings of the Kadamba dynasty Long ago, Dubreuil suggested that Ajjhitabhattarika was the
whose place in the genealogy is uncertain. They are Madhuvarman daughter of the Kadamba king Kakutsthavarman and that this
of the Tac;lagaD,iinscription (No.43) and Damodaravarman of the matrimonial relationship has been indicated in the Talagunda
KoD,D,urrock inscription (No.44). They may be referred to the inscription of Santivarman (No.4). 3 And, as we know, Vakataka
latter half of 'the sixth century A.D. and the beginning of the Narendrasena, who married Ajjhitabhattarika, was the grnndson
seventh century A.D. They seem to have attempted to revive the of Prabhavafigupta, daughter of the Gupta king Candragupta II
Kadam ba rule, along with their immediate predecessors and sister of Kumaragupta I. Thus we have to suppose that
Ajavarman and Bhogivarman, but were subdued and finally Kakutsthavarman gave one daughter in marriage to the son or
ousted by the early Calukya kings of Badami like Kirtivarman I grandson of Candragupta II and another daughter to the
and his son Pulikesin II. great-grandson, through Prabhavatigupta, of this Candragupta II
The inscripti9ns of the early Kadamba dynasty contain no only which is not convincing and difficult to accept. Hence the
reference to the Saka or any other era, and, therefore, it is not suggestion of V.V.Mirashi that Ajjhitabhattrika belonged to the
possible to determine the precise date of any ruler of the dynasty. Ra~trakuta family of Manapura, ruling over the present Satara
With one exception their records are dated in the regnal years and the surrounding region in Maharashtra, whose founder
of the ruling king. This exception is provided by the Halsi plates Mananka was also called lord of Kuntala in the PaQc;larangapalli
of yuvaraja Kakutsthavarman (No.3) which are dated in his plates of Avidheya, 4 is reasonable and acceptable. He further
eightieth year, regarded as the year counted from the pa!fabandha suggests that this Ajjhitabhattarika, married by Vakataka
or coronation of his ancestor and real founder of the family Narendrasena, might have been the daughter of this Avidheya
Mayuravarman. Some scholars suggest that since who flourished in circa 440-55 A.D. In some of the Western
Kakutsthavarman contracted matrimonial relationship with the Ganga inscriptions 5 Avintta, son of Madhava Ill, is described as
powerful Gupta kings of Pataliputra, the eightieth year may be the sister's son (bhagineya) of the Kadamba king Kr~JJavarman
counted from the establishment of the Gupta era in 319-20 A.D. 1 who performed the Asvamedha sacrifice. Among the Kadamba
But this is not convincing and acceptable since it is not likely kings only Kr~JJavarman I performed the Asvamedha sacrifice.
that the rulers of an imperial dynasty would adopt the era of Since his brother-in-law Madhava III is· referred to the third
another imperial family as a result of the matrimonial alliance. 2 quarter of the fifth century A.D. ,6 Kr~JJavarman I may be referred
So it is better to take that the year eighty is counted from the to the second quarter of that century and his father
coronation of Mayuravarman only. But this does not help us in Kakutsthavarman to the first quarter.
fixing the exact date of either Mayuravarman or of In the above discussion, we have suggested the approximate
Kakutsthavarman, though the former king ruled in the first period to which Kakutsthavarman and his son Kr~JJavarman I
quarter of the fourth century A.D. as will be shown below. may be referred to based on their relationship with their
According to the Talagunda inscription (No.4), contemporary kings of the Gupta and Western Ganga dynasties
Kakutsthavarman is said to have entered into matrimonial respectively. But the SangoUi plates of the Kadamba king
relationship, by giving his daughters in marriage, with the Gupta
and other kings. The Gupta king who married Kakutsthavarman's 1. Sue.Sat., p.256; Karnafaka ltihasa, p.121.
2. Cl/, Vol.V, No.18, pp.79 ff.
3. Anc.Hist.Dec., p.100. D.C.Sircar also supports this identification; cf.
1. Sue.Sat ., p.255. Classical Age, Vol.III, p.200.
2 . The Vakataka king Rudrasena II had married Prabhavafi-gupta, the 4. Ep.lnd., Vol.XXXVII, pp.9 ff.
daughter of the Gupta king Candragupta II, but the Vakataka grants 5. Cf. K.V.Ramesh, West. Ganga. Ins . , No .18, p.67 and No.19, p.71.
continued to use the regnal years only without adopting Gupta era. 6. Ibid., p.liv.
 13
Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas Genealogy and Chronology
12
A.D. 1 and we get his records dates:f upto his eighth regnal year
Harivarman (No.29) is the only inscription amongst the records so far. His father and predecessor Santivarman may be placed in
of this dynasty which gives a better clue in fixing the date of this 430-50 A.D. and the latter's father and 2 predecessor
king and based on that we can approximately fix the dates of his Kakutsthavarman may be referred to 405-430 A.D. in which case
pre~ecessors. !his record is dated in the eighth regnal year of it would be better to regard the Gupta king Kumaragupta I
Hanvarma~, Asvina Amavasya or the New Moon day in the (415-55 A.D.) as his son-in-law rather than Skandagupta (456-66
month of Asvina. Further and more important specification is A.D.). In view of the fact that the Halsi plates of yuvaraja
th~t there was Vi~upa or Tula-Sahkranti (Autumnal Equinox) on Kakutsthavarman (No.3) are dated in the year eighty and this
this day. When the SangoUi plates were published in 1917-18 date is accepted, as pointed out above, as the year counted from
scholars thought that the Calukyas of Badami displaced the the year of accession of Mayuravarman, we have to accommodate
Kadamba rule sometime before 570 A.D. and, based on this four kings during this period of eighty years, one of them being
assu_mption, K.N .Dikshit, who edited the SangolJi plates, placed Kakutsthavarman's elder brother Raghu. So Raghu may be given
Hanvarman about the end of the first half of the sixth century a rule of fifteen years and placed in 390-405 A.D., his father
A.D. And, as pointed out by him, the phenomenon Vi~upa Bhag1ratha in 375-90 A.D. and Bhagtratha's father Kangavarman
occurred on three days only during the whole of the sixth century in 360-75 A.D. And Kangavarman's father and predecessor and
A.D. 1 viz. 507 A.D., 526 A.D. and 545 A.D. Dikshit preferred the real founder of the family Mayuravarman may be referred to
the date 545 A.D. so that the gap between the last Kadamba 325-60 A.D. In this connection, we have to consider two more
2
ruler Harivarman and the Calukya ascendancy is nof much. names viz. Mayuravarman's father Bandhu~ei:ia and grandfather
Accordingly, it was suggested that Harivarman ascended the Virasarman. While we are not certain whether Virasarman ruled
throne in 538 A.D. But the subsequent discovery, in 1941, of the at all, Bandhu~ena who, in all probability, is identified with the
Badami cliff inscription 3 of !he Calukya king Pulikesin, the unnamed Kadamba king described as Vaijayanfi-Dharma-
founder of the dynasty, dated Saka 465 or 543 A. D. necessitated maharajadhiraja in the Ma}avalli Prakrit inscription (No. l), as
some modification regarding the date of the SangoHi plates of will be shown below, may be referred to 310-325 A.D. while his
Harivarman. Accordingly, this inscription was referred to 526 father and the first member of the Kadamba dynasty known so
A.D. instead of 545 A.D. as done previously and, therefore, 519 far, viz. Virasarman, may be assigned to 305-310 A.D.
A.D. was regarded as the date of accession of Harivarman instead Now we have to consider the later limit of the rule of
of ~38 A.D. It may, however, be pointed out, that since Harivarman who is known to be the last ruler of the main line
Hanvarman was defeated and his capital was occupied by the and also the reign-periods of the collateral branch of Kr~i:iavarman
collateral Kadamba king Krgiavarman II, as will be shown below, I, ruling from Triparvata. It is admittep that Kr~i:iavarman II,
it must be the latter king and not Harivarman who was subdued the great grandson of Kni:iavarman I, was a contemporary of
by Pulikesin I, the founder of the Calukya dynasty. Hence the Harivarman of the main line. It is also suggested that since his
date of Harivarman has to be pushed still backwards and refer Be1:n:mrplates (No.41) describe him as undertaking the victorious
the date of his SangoUi plates to c.507 A.D. and that of his march against Vaijayanfi i.e. Banavasi, the erstwhile capital of
accession to c.500 A.D. the main line of the Kadamba dynasty (Vaijayanfi-vijaya-
Starting backwards from 500 A. D. as the date of yatram-abhi-prasthital}), he defeated Harivarman and occupied
Harivarman's accession, his father and predecessor Ravivarman Vaijayanfi whence he issued his Kirukkuppatur grant (No.38) and
may be referred to 465-500 A.D. since we know from his Sirsi the Sirsi plates (No.39). Since Harivarman was ruling from his
plates (No.20) that he ruled for 35 years at least. Between capital Vaijayanfi in the year 507, as shown above, his defeat at
Ravivarman and his father Mrgesavarman, we may perhaps the hands of Kr~i:iavarman II might have taken place shortly a~ter
accommodate Mandhatrvarman with a short rule of five years
from c.460-65 A.D. Mrgesavarman may be referred to 450-60
1. D.C.Sircar, however, states that MJigefavarman's accession date would
be either 434-35 A.D. or 469-70 A.D. Cf. Sue.Sat., p.236 ',
1. Ep. Ind., Vol.XIV, p.165. 2. This period includes about five years of his yuvaraja-ship.
2. Ibid.
3. Ibid., Vol.XXVII, pp.4 ff.
 Genealogy and Chronology 15
14 Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas
Vira!arman (c.305-10)
that date, say in 515 A.D. And the Calukya king Pulik esin I
seems to have defeated this Kadamba king Kr~i:iavarman II and
not Harivarman as has been hitherto thought of in about 540
I
Bandhu$eQ.a (c.310-25)
A.D. in view of the Badami cliff inscription of 543 A.D.
mentioned above. Since we have placed Harivarman in 500-15
I
Maynravarman (c. 325-60)
A.D., Kr~i:iavarman If of the collateral branch may be referred
to 510-40 A.D. We may refer Sirhhavarman, the father and I
Kangavarman (c. 360-75)
predecessor of Kr~i:iavarman II, to the period 475-510 A.D. and
his father Vi~Quvarman to 445-75 A.D. Vi~Quvarman's father and I
Bhag'iratha c. 375-90)
the founder of the collateral branch Kr~i:iavarman I may be
referred to the period 430-45 A .D. which accords well when we
consider that his sister was given in marriage to the Western Rag u Kakustthava rma n
(c. 390-405) (c.405-430)
Ganga king Madhavavarman III who is placed in the third quarter I
of the fifth century A.D. as pointed out above. The period of I I
Santivarman Kri$i;iavarman I
Kr~i:iavarman I also includes that of his son yuvaraja Devavarman (c. 430-50) (C. 430-45)
who issued the D evagiri plates (No.31). 1
The son of Kr~i:iavarman II was Ajavarman whose records
I I I
I
Kumaravarman Mrge!avarman Vi$i;iuvarman I
(c.445- 75)
Devavarman

I
have not been found so far and who may be given a short rule (c.450-60)
of ten years and placed in 540~50 A.D. while his son Bhogivarman
who issued the Tagare plates (No.42) may be referred to 550-75 Mandhatrvarman
A.D. Another son of Kr~i:iavarman II called Ravivarman II and
the son of Bhogivarman known as Vi~Quvarman II do not seem
,---+------,,
(c.460-65)

Ravivarman Bhanuvarman Sivaratha Simhavarman

to have ruled the Kadamba kingdom. (c.465-500) (c. 475-510)
There are two more kings of the Kadamba dynasty whose
place in the genealogy is uncertain. They are Madhuvarman of
I
Harivarman Kri$Q.avarman II
the Tac;lagaQi inscription (No.43) and Damodara of the Koi:ii:iur (c. 500-515) (c.510-40)
record (No.44). They may be referred to the second half of the - i
I I
sixth century A.D. and the beginning of the seventh century A.D. Ajavarman Ravivarman II
(c.540-50)
respectively on palaeographical grounds. Though they seem to I .
have attempted to revive the Kadamba rule, along with Madhuvarman Bhogivarman
Ajavarman, from the rulers of the Calukyas of Badami, they (c.575-95) (c.550-75)
were finally defeated and ousted by the early Calukya kings like
K1rtivarman I and Pulikesin II. It must, however , be pointed out Diimodara
I
Vi$i;iuvarman II
that the dates assigned to all these Kadamba rulers should be (c.595-610)
regarded as approximate and tentative only subject to
modification or revision in the light of further evidence.
The genealogy and the chronology of these Kadamba kings
discussed above may be shown in the following tabular form for
ready reference : -
 Political History 17

Government Arts College at Chitradurga, to tell the world of

scholars that the Chandravalli inscription is not written in Prakrit
language but is couched in Sanskrit, that the name of the king
is spelt as Mayuravarman and not Mayurasarman, and that the
POLITICAL HISTORY epigraph does not mention any of the conquests of the king as
thought of hitherto but only records the repairs done to an already
existing tank making it beautiful to look at. A re-examination of
the facsimile of this inscription would convince us about the new
MA YURA VARMAN reading and {nterpretation offered by Rajashekarappa, though
one may differ from him in the reading of a couple of letters and
M ayuravarman has been regarded as the real founder of the
Kadamba dynasty. There is only one inscription belonging
words here and there and also in the interpretation of some
expressions. It is noteworthy that the name of the king as given
to this king discovered so far. It is engraved on a big boulder in the revised reading is Mayuravarman instead of Mayurasarman
discovered at Chandravalli near Chitradurga, the headquarters of as read previously .1
the district of that name in Karnataka. It was discovered in the As we have already pointed out, the unnamed Kadamba king
year 1929 by M.H.Krishna, the then Director of Archaeology of mentioned in the MalavaUi inscription cannot be identified w'th
Mysore State and was published by him_ in the. Myso~e Vaijyanli-pati Sivaskandavarman referred to in the same record
Archaeological Report for 1931, pp.50-60. Knshna assigns this as a previous donor or with the early Pallava king
1
record to the middle of the third century A. D . and reading the Sivaskandavarman. 2 According to D.C.Sircar, he may be
text which is in three small lines as couched in Prakrit language, identified either with Mayuravarman or his immediate successor
3
he states that the name of the kil!,8 is mentioned as Mayurasarman while others think that he may be Mayuravarman himself. It
~ho conquered Traikuta.2 AbhTra, Pall_ava, Pariyatri_ka, may, however, be noted that while the Ma}avaUi inscription of
Sakasthana, Sendraka, Punna<;la and Maukhan rulers. The object this unnamed Kadamba king is written in Prakrit language, the
of the record was to refer to the construction of a tank by the ChandravaUi record of Mayuravarman, as now read, is couched
king. After the publication of this important inscription, several in Sanskrit language, as shown above. Therefore, the Kadamba
scholars commented on it suggesting some modifications king of the Ma}avaUi record appears to be the immediate
regarding the reading of some countries conquered by the king predecessor of Mayuravarman and not Mayuravarman himself or
2
and also about the date of the epigraph. But these scholars his immediate successor as has been suggested. Till recently we
generally agree with Krishna that the inscription belongs to the did not know of any predecessors of May'Qr~varman except the
king named Mayurasarman, that it is writt~n in Prakrit ~anguage, mythological originator of the dynasty .4 But the recent discovery
that it refers to several conquests by the kmg and that 1t records of a pillar inscription (No.22) at Gu<;lnapur near Banavasi has
the construction of a tank. This view held the ground amongst revealed the names of Mayuravarman's father and grandfather
the historians and epigraphists for more than half a century. It for the first time. According to this epigraph, the first member
was, however, left to a non-professional historian and epigr~phist
in the person of B.Rajasekharappa, a Reader in Kanna<;la m the
1. If the reading and interpretation of the Chandraval!i inscription offered
by Rajasekharappa is accepted, as we are inclined to, then this becomes
1. We have referred Mayoravarman to c.325-60 A.D. Cf. the Chronological the earliest Sanskrit inscription discovered in Kamataka so far.
table above. 2. See pp.2-3 above.
2. See Prabuddha Karr{ii/aka (Kanna<;la), Vol.13 (1932), pp.6-12; JBORS, 3. Sue.Sat., p.248; Karnafaka ltihasa (Kanna<;la), 1967, p .116.
Vol.XIX, (1933), pp.220-21; Hist. of Karn. (ed. by P.B.Desai etc., 1970, 4. Some late records of about the 11th century A.D. inform that there were
p.57); The Classical Age (1954), p.272. Krishna, however, in a personal some early Kadamba rulers called Jayanta, Madhukesvara, Mallinatha and
talk with me in 1947, shortly before his death, informed me that the Candravarman I. The last ruler had two sons named Candravarman II and
facsimile of this record published by him is a doctored one and, therefore, Purandara and the son of Purandara was Mayoravarman (cf. Karnafaka
we should attempt to read the inscription independently without being ltihasa, p.177). Of course, such information is not reliable since the
influenced by his reading and interpretation. account is obviously fictitious.
 Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas Politi cal History 19
18

of the Kadamba dynasty is Virasarman desc~ibed as. belonging to becomes the earliest known ruler 1 of the Kadamba dynasty and
Mlinavya-gotra and also as Hlirifi-putra, the titles which h~ve been his MalavalJi Prakrit inscription the earliest epigraph of the
assumed by all the later kings of this dynasty and ~_!i1chwe_re dynasty known so far. In this connection, we may notice the Halsi
adopted from their predecessors the Cutukula-Sat~kari,1s. plates of Ravivarman (No.23) in which there is a reference to a
Virasarman is also described as the best of the brahma1J,as certain Bandhu~eQa who is credited with founding a dynasty
(dvijottama) and as belonging to the Kadamb~ dynas~y. Thus we (sthlipito bhuvi yad-vamsalJ.) 'Yith a view to securing wealth, fame
get the name of the dynasty Kadamba associated with th~ very and growth of the family (Sr"i-kirti-kula-vrddhaye). He is also
first person of the family. Virasarman was well-verse_d m the described as an liclirya with . an honorific plural (licliryyailJ,
Vedas (Veda-kula-matilJ,). We learn from the_ Talagunda Bandhu~etJ,-lihvailJ,), thereby stressing his Vedic learning as a
inscription of Santivarman (No.4~ that his ancestor brlihma1J,a and also as an expert in futurology
Mayurasarman went to Kaficl, the c~p1tal o~ the Pallav~s, for (nimitta-jnlina-pliragalJ,). It is tempting to identify this
higher studies in the Vedas, accompanied by his guru_Virasarman Bandhu~eQa with his name-sake Bandhu~eQa, the father of
who may be identified with Virasarman of the Gu<;lnapur record. Mayuravarman.
So Virasarman was both grandfather and preceptor (guru) of Bandhu~eQa was succeeded by Mayuravarman who was one
Mayurasarman. . of the greatest rulers of the family and who has been regarded
Virasarman's eldest son was Bandhu~ei,a which _sug~ests.t?at as the real founder of the Kadamba dynasty. The famous
he had more than one son. Bandhu~ei,a showed_ his_ d1s£os1t1on Talagunda pillar inscription (No.4) calls him by his brahmanic
towards the profession of a warrior (k~atra-vr~ti-l~ta-mu~a-gu_tJ,- name Mayurasarman and describes him, like his grandfather
ambu-prasecitalJ,). He was thus a brahma-k~atn'J!a 1.e. pn'!1anly Virasarman, as the best of the brlihma1J,as (dvijottamalJ.) and as
a brlihma1J,a by birth and licliryas and :econdanly a k~atnya or adorned with s&cred knowledge, good disposition, purity and the
warrior by profession. Since Bandhu~ei,a was the . fat?er and rest (sruta-fila-sauc-lidy-alankrtalJ.). Though already well-versed
immediate predecessor of Mayuravarman, we are mcl~ned, ~s in the Vedas, eager to study the entire sacred lore
already pointed out, to ascribe to his reign the MalavaU1 Pra~nt (adhijiglimsulJ,-pravacanam nikhilam), he went to the city of the
inscription of the unnamed Kadamba king. So Bandhu~ei,a Pallava kings i.e. Kafid which was then a seat of higher learning
appears to have carved out a small king~~m of the K~dambas (ghafikli), along with his preceptor (guru) Virasarman, also
round about Malavalli and Banavas1 by oust1~g the known to be his grandfather. Here a rare and an interesting event
Cutukula-Satakari,i king Sivaskandavarman _ f~om _th~t region an_d took place which is narrated in the epigraph as to how this ruler
established himself at Vaijayanfi or Banavas1 as md1cated by his entered the ghafikli of Kand as a tarkuka (i.e. ylicaka or
epithet Vaijyanfi-Dharma- mahlirlijlidhirlija or the sup_reme lord mendicant) Mayurasarman for higher studies in Vedas as
of kings of Vaijyanfi, pr9bably a reference to a subord1!'ate rule~ brlihma1J,a student but soon came out of that place as a k~atriya
of the Pallava king Sivaskandavarman of the Hueha<;l!gh Mayuravarman wielding a sword to conquer the land. While
copper-plate grant. 1 If this view is accepted, then Bandhu~ei,a studying at Kafic'i, he was insulted, during the performance of an
Asvamedha sacrifice there, by the Pallava rulers which was a
1. Ep.lnd., Vol.I, pp.2 ff. K.V.Ramesh suggests (Sr!kbal f}tfhik~/p.1_00-~~;~ turning point in his career. In order to give the readers that vivid
that possibly Bandhm;ena might have been respons1 e or .e migra and moving picture of the events that took place on this occasion,
of the Kadamba family ·to KonkaQ and Banavasi r~gion carrying _the seed we better quote the text in full with translation in English by
of a Kadamba tree and planting it in front of their house an~ since that
region was devoid of the growth of Kadamba trees, _th~ family came to
Kielhorn who has ably edited this recor d Tatra
be known as Kadambas. This suggestion is not convmcmg because even
Bandhm;eoa's father Virasarman is stated to have belonged to t_!t~
Kadamba family. Secondly, we do not know the fauna of the Banavasi occupied a subordinate position under Cutukula-Satakarois while
region in the 4th cent. A.D. and hence cannot say that Kadamba tre~s Bandhu~eoa availed of an opportunity to oust the Cutukula-Satakaroi
did not exist there. According to A.P.Benthall, the Kadamba tree is overlord and declared himself as lord of Vaijayanfi
indigenous in most of the hotter parts of India (cf. The Trees of Calcu!_ta, (Vaijayant i-Dharma-mahii-riijiidhiriija).
1946, p.274). Therefore, it would be better to take tha~ both ~andh'l~~eQa 1. In the absence of any royal titles, Bandhu~eoa's father Vira- Sarman does
and his father Vfrasarman were the natives of Banavas1 or Va1Jayant1 and not appear to have ascended the throne and ruled .
 21
Poli tical History
Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas
20
ability and agreed to compromise with him. Then Mayuravarman
Pallav-Asva-samsthena kalahena fivre1J.a ro~ita/J,, entered the service of the Pallavas and pleased them by his acts
Kali-yuge-sminn-aho bata k~atrlit-paripelavli vipratli yata/J, I o! brav_ery in ~attles resulting in their honouring him by crowning
Guru-kullini samyag-lirliddhya slikhlim-adh"fty-lipi yatnata/J, him with a fillet and also conceding the territory which was
brahma-siddhiry-yadi nrip-lidh"inli kim-ata/J,-param bounded by the sea on the west and by Prehara or Pr ehara on
du/J,kham-ity-ata/J,/ kusa-samid-dr~at srug-lijya-caru-graha1J,- the east. 1
lidi-dak~ena pli1J,in~ udvavarha d"iptimach-chhastram vijig"i~amli1J,o The Ta}agunda record also states that Sac;lanana 2 (i.e.
vasundharlim [II*]. Such a graphic description of how an angry Sai:imukha or Ka rttik eya), along with the Mothers , favoured and
brlihma1J,a leader like Mayurasarman became a brahma-k~atriya anointed Mayuravarman as a general (senlipati). It may be
Mayuravarman , is seldom met with in the entire range of suggested, in this connection, that $ac;lanana might have been
epigraphical literature of India. It is also significant that the used here in a double sense viz. $ac;lanana as god (Sai:imukha or
Guc;lnapur inscription (No.22) gives him the k~atriya suffix - Karttikeya) ~nd secondly it stands for Skanda also meaning the
varman by calling him Mayuravarman and at the same time P!llava ~ing Sivaskandavarman who also anointed Mayuravarman
describing him as an expert in all the branches of the Vedic with a fillet and conceded some territory to him as mentioned
learning (Vedlihga-vidyli- vislirada/J,). above. This would also show that Pallava Sivaskandavarman 3 who
After getting insulted at KaficT and after rebelling against the is referred to the first quarter of the fourth century A.D. was
Pallava rulers by becoming a warrior, as pointed out above, the !he ~e~ior contemporary of Mayuravarman. The Guc;lnapur
Tii}agunda record informs that Mayuravarman defeated the mscnptton (No.22) also describes Mayuravarman as a brave
frontier-guards of the Pallavas, subdued their feudatory rulers person and as having been anointed by Karttikeya (Tridasa-Senlin "i
Brha~-Bai:ias and others and occupied the forest area extending or divine general).
upto SriP,arvata. This SrTparvata is considered to be the same as It is not known whether Mayuravarman performed the
2
modern Sr1saila in the Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh. The Asvamedha sacrifice after he defeated Pallava army and after he4
Pallavas tried to suppress his rebellion at the beginning but unable was anointed as a ruler of the vast territory conceded to him .
to do so they thought it prudent to recognise his valour and None of the records either of the main line or of the collateral
line mentions about it, though some of them state that the
Kadamba family was purified by the performance of this
1. Kielhorn's translation runs: "There, enraged by a fierce quarrel with a
Pallava horseman (he reflected): 'Alas, that in this Kali-age the BrahmaQa
should be i.o much feebler than the k~atriyas! For, if to one who has duly l. There is difference of opinion amongst scholars about the identification
served his preceptor's family and earnestly studied his branch of the Veda, of Prehara. Kielhorn, pleading his inability to identify it, however,
the perfection in holiness depends on a king, what can there be more suggested that the eastern boundary of" the dominion given to
painful than this?' And so with the hand dexterous in grasping the Mayorasarman might be the Tungabhadra river, though it is difficult to
kusa-grass, the fuel, the stones, the ladle, the melted butter and the c~:mnect it with Prehara. He even doubts whether Prehara represented a
oblation vessel, he unsheathed a flaming sword, eager to conquer the nver at all (Ep.Ind., Vol.VIII, p.29, note 1). Others suggest that Prehara
earth". Kiel horn's translation of the expression asvasarhstha as a horseman might be modern Malaprahar"i or Malaprabha river which flows in the
is not happy and convincing. It should be understood as meaning Dharwad and Bijapur districts of Karnataka and is a tributary of the Kr~na
Asvamedha sacrifice, as suggested by D.C.Sircar (Sue.Sat., p.238). river along with Ghataprabha. See also D.C.Sircar, Sel.lns. (1962), p.477.
2. Sr"iparv~ta has been identified with the well-known religious pilgrimage 2. Kielhorn's rendering of this passage as "Sa<;lanana anointed
centre Sr"isaila in Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh by Kielhorn and (Mayurasarman) after meditating on Senapati with the Mothers" is not
other scholars. It was famous in the early peri od also and it is mentioned happy since he has taken the expression anudhyaya in the ..sense of 'having
in the Cikkulla plates of the Vi~nukm;u;lin king Vikramendravarman II meditated'; but, as correctly pointed out by Sircar, anudhy aya here would
(Ep.lnd., Vol.IV, p.195) who is referred to the middle of sixth century mean 'having favoured'. (Sel.lns., 1962, p.477, note 3). And senapati is
A.D. K.V.Ramesh, however, has recently suggested that Sr"iparvata might used not as a synonym of Sa<;lananaas thought by Kielhorn but as a general
be a place to be located somewhere in the Malena<;lu-Kanara region in or chief applied to Mayuravarman.
the West coast and even hints at its identification with either modern 3. Cf . Sue.Sat, p.160.
Sisila in South Kanara district or Sp'lgeri in Chikmagalur district. It is, 4. A late inscription of about the llth-12th century A.D., found at Ta!gunda,
in~eed, difficult to agree with his suggestion in the absence of convincing states that Mayuravarman performed eighteen horse-sacrifices (Ep. Carn.,
evidence to support his identification. Vol.VII, Sk.178) which is unbelievable.
22 Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas Political History 23

1 succeeded by Bhag1ratha who was endowed wit~ truth, dignity,

sacrifice. It is only Kr~i:iavarman I, the son of Kakutsthavarman
and founder of the collateral branch, who is credited with the valour, learning and fine-arts (No.22). It was as 1f the legenda~
performance of the Asvamedha sacrifice and is called ~ Bhag1ratha, the chief descendent of Sagara, was born secretly m
Asvamedha-yajin in the records of the family. And he is the only the Kadamba family. Bhag1ratha was succeeded by Raghu on the
ruler of the Kadamba dynasty who bears this title of throne. He is compared to the mythical Prthu in causing the earth
Asvamedha-yajin so far as I know. to be enjoyed by his race by subduing the ~nem_ies. He was
Only one inscription of Mayuravarman has been discovered well-versed in Vedic lore , a poet, a donor, skilled m many arts
so far. It is the Chandravalli inscription (No.2) which was hitherto and beloved to the people. The Guc;lnapur record states that he
thought to have been written in Prakrit language narrating the was like the Ik~vaku king Raghu in valour, intelligence and
conquest of Mayuravarman over many rulers. Now this view has virtues.
to be discarded in as much as it is shown that this record is
written in Sanskrit language and does not refer to any of the
king's conquests as thought of before. The record, as now read KAKUTSTHA V ARMAN
and interpreted, states that Mayuravarman carried out repairs to
Ra hu was succeeded by his younger brother Kakutstha-
varman 9 who is also referred to as the son of Bhag1ratha in the
a tank and made it look beautiful (taq,akam driq,hT-krtam
abhirupam racayitva). It is also suggested that the record states
that he established a residence in the forest region (vanavasakam Talagunda epigraph. From this kind of refer_ence, it has been
2
sthapayitva). The epigraph has suffered damage at the end after suggested that Raghu and KakutsthavarT?an m1&ht not have b~en
the letters read as Kupai:iachama which is considered as the name uterine brothers 2 , but we need more evidence m support of it.
of a person or an architect responsible for the repairs to the tank The Halsi plates (No.3) were issued in t~e eightieth ~ear of
and the residence in the forest area. It may, however, be yuvaraja Kakutsthavarman and, as already pointed out, this year
~ug~ested that the expression V~navasakam sthapayitva may has to be counted from the date of the coronation of his ancestor
md1cate that Mayuravarman, after his defeat of the Pallava rulers, Mayuravarman. Since we have assigne~ th~ date c.325 ~.D. as
might have occupied the region round about Chandrava}Ii which the commencement of Mayuravarman s reign, the Haist plates
seems to have included the forest region upto the gates of SrTsaila. may be dated c.405 A.D . This inscription is a Jaina ~ecord and
While staying there, he might have renovated an already existing registers the gift, made by Kakutsthavarman , of a field called
tank, made it look beautiful and also established there a Ba}ovura situated in the village Kheta-grama which ~el_onged_t~
farm-house or a garden-house as a tourist settlement the Arhats. This gift was given to the general (senap_atz) Sr_utaktrt!
(Vanavasakam) for the enjoyment of the visitors. as, what !'leet_ consid<irs, a _'reward for savmg h1msel!,
(atmanas=taratJ,-arttham). D.C.Strcar also- thought that the gift
KANGAVARMAN, BHAGIRATHA AND RAGHU was made as a reward for saving the prince (i.e. Kakutshavarman)
while N.L.Rao and R.S.Panchamukhi state that the general
Not much is known about these rulers who succeeded one Srutak1rti saved Kakutsthavarman from some difficulty or danger
4
after another after Mayuravarman. The TaJagunda record (No.4) and received this gift as a reward for that. According to ~oraes,
states that Kangavarman was a great warrior while the Guc;lnapur the life of yuvaraja Kakutsthavarman seems to ha~e been m great
epigraph (No.22) describes him as one who used to destroy the danger in a combat undertaken on behalf of his father Raghu
kingdom of the enemies (rajy-ahga-blzahgassada dvi~am). 3 He was
(Journ.lnd.Hist. Vol.XII, p.361) have to be rejected in view of the f~ct
that Skandavarman of the MaJaval!i epigraph has beeJt shown to be a kmg
1. Cf. Nilambur plates of Ravivarman (No.16) below. of the Cutukula-Satakarois (Cf. Sue.Sat, p.252). . .
2. B.Rajasekha~appa, Kannaq.a Siihitya Pari~atpatrike, Vol.69, p.10. 1. Though this is the correct form, the form Kakustha 1s found used m the
3. The suggestions of Moraes (Kadambakula, p.382) that Katiga in Kadamba records.
Katigavarman is a mistake for Skanda appearing as a legend in some coins 2. Corp.Kad.Ins., p.XL.
attributed to Kadambas and of Govind Pai that the real name of 3. Ind.Ant, Vol.Vl, p.24.
Mayarasarman was Skandavarman only instead of Katigavarman and that 4. Sue.Sat. p.256; Karniifakada Arasumanetanagalu, p.23.
he should be identified with his namesake of the Ma)avalli record
24 Political History 25
Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas

~hen the general Srutakirti saved him. 1 But this view viz. (grishe~u yasya Lak~my-anganli dhrtimatT suciram ea reme). His
Srutakirti saved Kakutsthavarman from the danger to which he distressed kinsmen found comfort and shelter when they entered
was exposed, possibly in a battle, is not tenable as it is not borne his territory just as the herds of deer oppressed by the heat find
out by the expression litmanas=fiira1J,-lirttham, the correct meanfog r comfort and delight when they enter the shades of the cluster of
of which would be 'in order to save or protect himself' in future trees. His house also contained many collections of rich objects.
and not 'having saved him or himself' in the past for which the In the midst of the conventional praise bestowed on
gift was a reward. S.V.Sohoni has rightly pointed out that this Kakutsthavarman , the TaJagunda epigraph supplies us with two
expression should be understood in the sense of 'spiritual historical events about him. One, he gave his daughters in
protection' and not in the sense of protection in a military marriage to the Gupta and other kings. Since we have referred
encounter. 2 But his suggestion that this spiritual protection refers Kakutsthavam1an to the period c. 405-25 A.D. his contemporary
to the donee Srutakirti rather than to the donor Kakutsthavarman Gupta kings were Candragupta II (375-414 A.D.) and
is not acceptable to us since the spiritual merit of the gift should Kumaragupta I (415-55 A.D.). It would not be unreasonable to
go to the donor and not to the donee. It is well-known that the suppose that his son-in-law was Kumaragupta I. Queen
expression litmana!J, pu1J,ya-yaso=abhivriddhaye occurring in Ajjhitabhattarika, who married the Vakataka king Na~end~ase?a,
connection with the gift in numerous inscriptions refers to the is described as the daughter of the lord of Kuntala. This kmg
donor and not to the donee. Similarly, the expression of Kuntala was identified by some scholars with the Kadamba
litmanas=tlira1J,-lirttham occurring in the record under king Kakutsthavarman and so Ajjhitabhattarika was considered
consideration refers only !Othe donor yuvarlija Kakutsthavarman as his daughter. 2 But, as rightly pointed out by V.V.Mirashi, this
and not to the done~ Srutakirti. 3 A military encounter was lord of Kuntala has to b~ identified with the Ra~trakuta king
suggested because this Srutakirti has been called a senlipati in the Avidheya of Manapura family and Ajjhitabhattarika was the3
record. But this is not tenable as shown above. Moreover, this daughter of Avidheya who flourished in circa 440-55 A.D.
same gift is referred to in, a later inscription of Ravivarman Kakutsthavarman's another daughter was given in marriage to
(No.23) wherein the donee Srutakirti is called a bhoja instead of the Western Ganga king Madhavavarman III since the latter's
senlipati. The present epigraph ends with a salutation to the first son Avin1ta is described in the Ganga records as the sister's son
Jaina firthankara ~~abha. (bhligineya) of the Kadamba king Kr~i:tavarman I who in turn
Some records of Mrgesavarman and his son Ravivarman was the son of Kakutsthavarman.
(Nos. 6, 10, 12 and 17) commence the genealogy of the Kadamba Thus Kakutsthavarman had at least two daughters whom he
dynasty with Kakutsthavarman. The . TaJagunda inscription married to the Gupta and Western Ganga rulers, as discussed
d<:_votes as many as seven verses for describing this king above, thereby establishing matri~onia! .re!ationship w~th th~
Kakutsthavarman. By the side of the warlike exploits of his great kings of both north and south India. There 1s a small epigraph
grandfather Mayuravarman, this record describes the peaceful on the door-jamb of the Prai:tavesvara temple at TaJagunda which
~ctivities ~f Kakutsthavarman. Though much of this description refers to a certain Kakustha of the Bhatari family who is said to
1s conventional, we learn that he was a great warrior and a king have been the son of Lak~m"i who belonged to the Kadamba
with fine personality, endowed with stentorian voice. He family. Considering the age-old practice of naming the grandson
possessed all the qualities of an ideal king viz. valour, compassion after his grandfather, it has been suggested that this Bhatari
to the needy and the oppressed, protection of the subjects and Kakustha was the grandson of the imperial Kadamba ruler
honouring the brlihma1J,as with munificent gifts. He was thus Kakutsthavarman who had another daughter called Lak~m1 given
another Kakutstha or the divine Rama descended on this earth. in marriage to the Bhafari family. But on palaeographical
He loved music. The Goddess of wealth who is usually described grounds, we would refer this epigraph to the ·end of the fifth or
as a fickle-minded lady stayed in his house for a long time

1. Kadambakula, p.23. 1. CII, Vol.V, No.18, pp.79 ff.

2. An.Eh.Or.Res .Inst., Vol.LX (1979), p.19. 2. Anc.Hist.Dec., p.100; Classical Age, Vol.III, p.200.
3. We may also compare the expression iitma-nifreyas-iirttham applied to the 3. Ep.lnd., Vol.XXXVII, pp.9 ff.
donor Kr~Qavarman II in his Bannahalli plates (No.37). 4. Mys.Arch.Rep., 1911, p.33.
 Political History 27
26 Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas
1
calls it the 'Talagunda Inscription of Kakutsthavarman,' thereby
the beginning of the sixth century A.D. and hence the father of suggesting that the record belongs to the reign of this king. Buhler
Lak~m1 would be a l~ter member of the Kadamba family, possibly thought that the construction of the tank was commenced by
the grandson of Mrgesavarman and not Kakutsthavarman. In this Kakutsthavarman and completed in the reign of his son
connection, we may also take into account another important
Santivarman. 2 But the text of the inscription does not warrant
inscription viz. the Halmic;li epigraph I which is in old Kannada this suggestion that the tank was left incomplete by
language and wh~h belongs_ to a certain ruler called Kadambap;n Kakutsthavarman to be completed by his son. Sewell and Rapson
~ak~s~ha-B?attoran. This Kakustha-Bhattoran has been amongst early scholars and N .Lakshminarayan Rao and
1denttf1ed ~1th . the imperial Kadamba king Kakutsthavarman R.S.Panchamukhi amongst recent ones also ascribe this record
thereby attnbutmg the Halmic;li record to his reign by almost all to the reign of Kakutsthavarman. 3 According to D.C.Sircar,
the scholars who have dealt with it ever since it was discovered however, Kakutsthavarman was dead when the inscription was
an_dp~blished by M.H:Krishn_a in ~936. But we do not agree with 4
engraved during the reign of Santivarman. But, as pointed out
this v!e~ and woul~ hke to 1dent1fy Kakustha-Bhattoran of the by us elsewhere,5 the Talagunda inscription is plainly a prasasti
Hal~1c;l1 record ~1th the Kakustha of the Bhatari family of Kakutsthavarman describing his qualities and deeds while his
me~t1~m~d above _ s!nce h~ is also described as belonging to the son Santivarman is introduced at the very end of the epigraph
Batan (1.e. Bhatan) family later in the record (Bafari-Kuladon as a king (nrpati) who was adorned wi!h three fillets
2
A(u-Kadamban) • The expression Kadambapan or Kadamban (paua-tray-arpa11,a-virajita-caru-murtti!J,). It was Santivarman who
would suggest that he claimed descent from the imperial ordered his court-poet Kubja to compose this inscription and put
Kadambas through his mother's side. It may also be noted that it on stone. It appears that Kakutsthavarman was not dead but,
the Kadamba-Kakustha-Bhattoran of the Halmic;li inscription does after the construction of the tank, he gave up the reigns of the
not posses_s any of the epithets like Manavya-gotra, Hariff-putra government and entrusted the same to his son and successor
and more important Dharma-mahliraja. The palaeography of this Santivarman. In other words, at the time when this inscription
record also does not militate against our view as we can refer it was engraved, Kakutsthavarman had obviously reti,red and no
to the end of the fifth century A.D. or the beginning of the sixth longer exercised any ruling authority while his son Santivarman
centur_y A.D. 3 _Since this Halmic;li inscription does not belong to was the ruling king. This view seems to gain support by the poet's
the reign of Kakutsthavarman, it is not included in this volume. description in verse 32 of the record which purports to say that
. ~h~ second h~storical event mentioned in the Talagunda the powerful feudatory princes bowed down to Kakutsthavarman
n'!scnptton _(No.4) 1s the construction, by Kakutsthavarman, of a even when he was sitting quiet (ath=lisana-stham) leading a retired
big tank ~Ith abundant supplr of water at Sthanakundura (i.e. life and yet endowed with the powers of !11 .astery, good counsel
mo_dern Talagun~a) where existed a ,temple of Bhava i.e. Siva
which was worsh1p~ed pr~viously by Satakan:ii and other kings. and energy (prabhu, mantra and utsaha). The past tense used in
. ~o~ the question anses as to whom does this Talagunda
the passages yasya Lak~my-anganli dhrtimaff suciram ea reme and
m~cnptton belong? It does not refer to the ruler or reign of slimanta-cuq,ama11,aya!J,pra11,emu!J, applied to Kakutsthavarman
Kakutsthavarman, though its object, as mentioned above, was to also indicates that he was no longer the ruling king.
re~ord the construction, by him, of a tank at Sthanakundura. But
this event was rec<?rded on the stone-pillar during the time of his
so~ an~ successor Santivarman whose court-poet Kubja composed 1. Ep.Ind., Vol.VIII, pp.24 ff.
th!s ~p1g~ap~ and ca_lled ~t a poem (kavya). Rice, who discovered 2. Ind.Ant., Vol.XXV, p.27.
this mscnp_t1on, ascnbes 1t to the reign of Santivarman. 4 Kielhorn, 3. Cf. Coins of Andhra Dyn. p.LV; Hist.of.S.Ind. p.18; and KarQafakada
Arasumanetanaga(u (Kanna<;la), p.17.
who has given us a scholarly edition of this epigraph, however, 4. Sue .Sat., pp.257-58.
5. Journ.Ind.Hist., Vol.XXVII (1949), pp.161-64.
1. Mys.Arch.Rep., 1936, pp.72 ff.
2. c!, Journ. Ep. Soc. Ind., Vol.17, pp.111-15. ..
3. Strcar, Ind.Ep., p.48; Ind.Hist.Quart., Vol.XVII, p.134; cf. also Ep.Ind.,
Vol.XXVIII, p.71, note 5.
4. Ep.Carn., Vol.VII, Sk.176, pp.200 ff.
 29
28 Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas Political History

SANTIV ARMAN Santivarman is described as samagra- KarrJ,li/a-desa-

bhuvargga-bharttli in the Bir~r plates and as
Kakutstha~~m.an was succe~ded on the throne by his son palfa-tray-arparJ,a-virajita-caru-murttil} m the Talagunda record,
and successor Sant1varman who, as already pointed out, issued the three pa/fas with which he was adorned may _?_a1:_eb~en
the famous TaJagunda inscription (No.4) in which he is called Vaijyanfi, the main capital and Triparvat? and Pal_as1ka which
the real or own (aurasa) son of Kakutsthavarman. It must, were other capitals of the Kadambas. In this connection, we ~ay
however, be noted that though he was the ruling king when this also notice the Perbbata grant of Vi~"Quvarma~ (No.33)_ which
n~cor~ was engraved at his command, it does not mention any states that Vi~"Quvarman was installed by the ~1~~ descnb:_d as
h1stoncal fact relating to him nor his name is even mentioned in Santivara-maharaja Pallavendra (Santivara-mah~ra1a-. P_all~vendr-
the regular genealogical account which starts with Mayurasarman abhi~ikta). Govind Pai has suggest,ed_ ~he 1d~~t1~ca!1on of
and stops wi!h Ka~utsthavarn:ian. But, as we have already Santivara-maharaja with Vi~"Quvarmans Jye~tha-pzta Santivarman
r:marked, h~ 1s descnbed as a kmg (nripati) and as wearing three mentioned in the Birur plates and takes both ~he~e rulers to
diadems or f1ll~t~ (p~tt~-tray-arparJ,a-virajita-caru- murttil}). In the represent the Pallava king of that name. But th1~ 1s un~enab~e
passage srz-Santzvarmma- nripater= vvara-sasanasthah since as pointed out by D.C.Sircar, Santivarman 1s descnbed 1~
Kubjas=sva-kavyam = idam =asma-tale lilekha, D.C.Sircar takes the Birur plates as samagra-KarrJ,li/fl:._d~sa-bhuvargga-bhartta
sasana in vara-sasanasthal} in the sense of 'rule' and observes that which is not applicable to the Pallava Santivarman. Moreov~r,
the record speaks here of the rule of Santivarman. But this is we do not know of any Pallava king named Santivarman belongmg
no_t _ correct:_ Kielhorn is right in interpreting to this period. So T.V.Mahalingam's suggestion tha_t the passage
nrzpater-vvara-sasanasthal} which qualifies the following word in question may indicate that Vi~"Quvarman was anomted_ by both
'ff!!b~al} as :abidi~g by the excellent commands of the king Santivarman (the Kadamba king} and the Pallava kmg (not
Sant1varman. So sasana here means command and not rule as named) appears to be reasonable. . . .
thought by Sircar. 1 To revert to the Talagunda inscript10n (No.4) 1t 1s compos~d
, _ ~lagunda i~scription is the only record of the time of and written on stone, as already remarked, by the poet. Kub Ja
~ant1varman discovered so far. He is mentioned as under the orders of the Kadamba king Saptivarman. KubJ? c~lls
Santivaravarman in the Halsi plates of his son Mrgesavarman it a kavya. Except the expression namal} Sivaya at the begmm~g
(No.11). I_nthe latte~, he i~ described as enticing the goddess of and a prose passage at the end, th: entire re_c~rd~s compose~ ~n
Fortune (1.e. Lak~mt), a~ 1f she were a woman of easy virtue, poetry with different metres hke, _Pu~p1t?gr_a,. Indrava1ra,
fr?m the ab9des ~ of his enemies. In the Birur plates of Vasantatilaka Mandakranta and Sardulav1kncJ1ta. But the
V1~"Quvarm_a~ (No.32), the king is stated to have made a grant majority of th~ verses viz. verses_ 1-2_4,i~ ~s _interestin~ to note,
~~ter_ obtammg the yermission (anujiiapya) of his jye~fha-pita are composed in a rare metre which 1s descnbed by K1elh?rn as
Santivarman who 1s described as the lord of the entire a species of matrasa'!"a~a. The. name ?f the poet and scnbe of
Kar!?ata~e!a with its capital at Vaijyanfi the record viz. KubJa 1s also mterestmg. Though we have no
(l!_ alJyantz-tzlaka_-sa"!agra: K_arrJ,lifa1esa-bhu-vargga- bhartta). This
information about the physical features of this person, the name
~ant1varman 1s 1dent1f1ed with Kakutsthavarman's son Kubja sounds strange. A similar name is found in the person of
Santivarman so that he would become the elder brother of Kubja-Vi~"Quvardhana who was the younger brother of the
Kr~"Qava~manI, father of _Vi~'Quvarman. Though the Birur plates Western Calukya king Pulikesin II and ';ho ~o~n~ed the branch
of the Eastern Calukyas. The word KubJa hterally means
ar_e considered !o b,<:_ sp_unous, we m~y accept the relationship of
V1~'Quvarman with Sant1varman mentioned therein as valid. Since 'hump-backed' and it is unlikely that important personages of th_e
court would call themselves by such an awkward name. But this

1. ~iihler's interpretation of this passage as 'while residing in an excellent

village (vara-1as~na) granted by the king' (Ind.Ant., Vol.XXV, p.27) is 1. Sue.Sat, p.282.
also not convmcmg. 2. See Corp.Kadm.lns., p.XLVII.
 Political History 31
30 Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas
tunga-madavalepam ... jaya-sriyam Pallava-pa,:~hivasya jahara).
name Kubja would be appropriate if we consider it in the light
of the following verse from the Brhatsamhita of Varahamihira: It is suggested that the expression tufz~a here might r~fer ~o the
Paiicampare Vamanako Jaghanya!J, early Ra~trakuta kings of Manap1:1ra, who were rulmg !n the
Kubjo=thava Ma1J<f.alako=thaSacT I Satara region of Maharashtra. But m th~ absence of an t evid<:._nce
purv=okta-bhup=anucara bhavanti about the conflict of the Kadambas with the early Ra~trakut~s
of Manapura in the northern part, it is difficult to ac_cept t_his
tan 111
sankfr1J,a-saiijna!J,sr1Ju lak~a1J,ais=
suggestion. Hence it would be better to take the express10n t~nga
here in the sense of the 'great' Gangas. But who wer~ the Gangas
This verse would show that Kubja, like Vamanaka,2 is one
and Pallava adversaries whom Mrgesavarman c~~ims to have
in the service of the king. We may thus explain Santivarman's
court-poet assuming the name of Kubja. defeated? The contemporary Ganga ruler of Mrgesavarman was
Madhavavarman II - Sirhhavarman (circa 436-58 A.O.) whose
nephew Madhavavarman III married the sister of the Kadam~a
.
MRGESA V ARMAN king Krgiavarman I, the founder of the collateral branch. As will
be shown below, this Kr~Qavarman I appears to hav~ usurped
Santivarman was succeeded on the throne by his son the Kadam ba kingdom after . the death. of his father
Mrgesavarman who is called the eldest son Uye#ha,-tanaya and Kakutsthavarman and established himself as an mdependent ruler
jye~{ha-sunu) in Nos . 11 & 17. This would show that Santivarman as indicated by his epithet Asvame'!,~ayajin and the ~ord of t~e
had more than one son . Mrgesavarman is represented in this riches of the entire Deccan (dak~t1Japatha- vasumati-vasup_ati).
volume by nine records of which the earliest is dated in his second This was apparently at the cost of his elder brother and heJT_to
regnal year {No.5) and the latest in his eighth regnal year (Nos.10 the throne, Santivarman. So there was a war of succession
and 11). We have referred him to the period circa 450-60 A.D. between the brothers in which Kr~Qavarman I seems to -~ave been
Some _records {Nos. 5, 7 & 9) give his name as supported by the Ganga _and ~allava. rulers. And Mr~esavarm~n
Vijaya-Siva-Mrgesavarman. His Devagiri plates {No. 7) are dated might have participated m this confhc~ a~d he}re~ his father m
in his fourth regnal year coupled with the eighth fortnight of ultimately achieving victory for the mam lme. _Santiv~~man Euled
Var~a i.e. rainy season. Similarly the Hosanagar plates {No.8) longer than Kr~Qavarman I from the main capital VaiJaya_nu and
are dated in his sixth regnal year coupled with the fourth fortnight he was called the ruler of the entire Kadamba_ kmgdom
of Hemanta i.e. the winter season. This would show that some (samagra-Klir1J,li{a- desa-bhu-vargga-bharta), as pomted ~ut
of the early Kadamba records used the ancient mode of dating above. In the alternative, we have to suppose ~hat the _Ganga
according to which the year was divided into three seasons, viz., and the Pallava rulers invaded the Kada~b .a tern~or_y du~mg the
GrT~ma (summer), Var~a (rainy) and Hemanta (winter) and each reign of Mrgesavarman and the l~tter repulsed this mvasion and
season into eight fortnights. The other records use the usual lunar achieved victory over these ene!11ies: .
months, fortnights and tithis. The PraQavesavara temple mscnption at Tala~u~da {No.1_3)
Mrg esavarman was a brave and courageous person. He had states that queen Prabhavafi of. the Ka~~eya family
won several battles (aneka-samara-vijayT) and had acquired much (Kaikeya-maha-kula-prasuta) was the wif~ of _Mfgesavarman and
wealth by emerging victorious in difficult and dangerous wars mother of Ravivarman. The GU<;lnapur mscnption {No.22) also
( mahati- samara-sanka{esva-bhuja-bala-parakram = avapta-visala- mentions that Ravi i.e. Ravivarman was the son o~ ~he daugh!er
vibhav-aisvarya!J,). He successfully fought against the Ganga (i.e. of the Kaikeya family (Ravir=iti . . . Kaikeya-putryam
Western Gangas) and the Pallava rulers as described in his Halsi suto=nagha!J,). We learn from the Birur plates (No.32) t?at the
plates {No.11) and Banavasi inscription {No.12) {Cf. founder of the collateral line, Kr~Qav~rman I·, _had marned the
tunga-Ganga-kul-otsadi Pallava-pralay-anala!J, and Gangam balam daughter belonging to the Kaikeya family ~nd ~i!Qu~arman I was
her son (Kaikeya-sutayam=utpan'!ena sri_-Vi~1J,uvarmma-
1. Chapter 68, verse 31 (Benares edition, 1897). dharmma-maharajena ... ). We have no mformat1on about these
2. For the explanation of the Yamanaka attendant on Gupta coins, see Journ.
Num. Soc., Vol.VI, p.31. See also Ajay Mitra Shastri, India as seen in
the Brhatsarhhita of Varahamihira, Delhi, 1969, 367-68. 1. Karnii{aka ltihiisa, p.131.
32 Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas Political History 33

Kaikeya or Kekaya rulers who entered into matrimonial ~e is described as a brave person in war (ahav=arjjita
relationship with the Kadambas. However, the Honavar plates vipula-parama- dr4ha-sattval)) and as possessing the goddess of
(No.26) of the time of Ravivarman refer to the rule of a certain wealth of all kingdoms by the strength of his arms and by
Citrasena of the Kaikeya family (Kaikeya-kula-sambhutal) defeating the enemies in many battles (sva-bhuja-
... Kellas=CitrasenalJ praja-hitalJ). So it appears that this Citrasena parakrama-parikraya-krita-sakala-rajya-rajasrI and K~u1J,11,;ari-
or his immediate predecessors might have given their daughters vigral)-anaika-samar-ajir= opatta-yaso-bhrta-patakal)). Both his
in marriage to Mrgesavarman and Kf~Qavarman I. The Tiilagunda records are brahmanical and register grants to brahma1J,a donees.
inscription of Mrgesavarman, which is incomplete, seems to
record a gift made by PrabhavatT who is stated to have been RAVIVARMAN
praised by thousands of brahma1J,as.
Out of the nine records belonging to Mrgesavarman six are Ravivarman, son of Mrgesavarman, succeeded
brahmanical and three are Jaina in nature. Though a follower of Siva-Mandhatrvarman on the throne of the Kadamba kingdom.
brahmanical faith, Mrgesavarman patronised Jainism also. The The earliest record of this king is the Nilambur plates (No.16)
Halsi plates (No.11) record gifts for the benefit of the Yapanfya, dated in his fifth regnal year while the Sirsi plates (No.20) furnish
the nirgrantha i.e. Digambara and the Kurcaka sects while the his latest regnal year as thirty-five. So he had a long reign of
Devagiri plates (N.o.7) register gifts to the svetapafa i.e. thirty-five years at least and he has been referred to circa 465-500
Svetambara and nirgrantha sects. This latter record describes A.D. From the Halsi plates of his eleventh regnal year (No.17)
Mrgesavarman as learned in various sastras and skilled in we learn that he had a brother called Bhanuvarman while the
exercises like riding. His inscriptions mention the officials like grant (No.27) of his son Harivarman informs us that Ravivarman
bhojaka (free-holder) DamakTrti, senapati (general) Naravara and had another younger brother called Sivaratha. And, as already
ayuktaka (governor) Jiyanta. pointed out, Ravivarman's mother was the daughter of a Kaikeya
ruler. His undated Halsi plates (No.21) state that he conquered
SIV A-MANDHATRV ARMAN . the whole world and after killing Vi~Quvarman and other kings
and uprooting the lord of Kafid called Cai:i<Jadai:i<Ja, he
As already pointed out while discussing the genealogy and established himself at Palasika. The Gu<Jnapur inscription (No.22)
shronology of the Kadamba dynasty, a certain describes him as obtaining the kingdom in his boyhood only by
Siva-Mandhatrvarman or Mandhatr-raja, son of Kumaravarman, killing Vi~i:iudasa. Vi~i:iuvarman and Vi~Qudasa may be identified
seems to have occupied the Kadamba throne after Mrgesavarman with Vi~i:iuvarman, son of Kr~i:iavarman I of the collateral branch,
and before his son Ravivarman. We have also assigned him a who seems to have ruled the Palasika division after the death of
short rule of five years from c.460 to 465 A.D. Since his his father and as a subordinate of Mrgesava~~an. And, probably
relationship with the other members of the Kadamba family is during
. the period of the latter's rule or that of Mandhatrvarman
. '
not known, it is difficult indeed to say how and under what V1~i:iuvarman appears to have declared himself as an independent
circumstances this Siva-Mandhatrvarman became a king and ruler. This might have resulted in his conflict with king
succeeded to the Kadamba throne after Mrgesavarman. We can Ravivarman of the main line in which he seems to have been
only suggest that being a close relative, he must have usurped killed. This event must have taken place in the early years of
the kingdom and occupied the Kadamba throne when Ravivarman Ravivarman's rule since his Halsi plates (No.17) dated in his
was still young at the time of his father's death. There are only eleventh regnal year mention his brother Bhanuvarman as
two records of his time. The KiiQgere plates (No.14) are dated governing Palasika under the king. As regards the Pallava
in his second regnal year while the Shimoga plates (No.15) are adversary Cai:i<Jadai:i<Ja, defeated by Ravivarman, "we do not know
dated in his fifth regnal year. The former record is issued from any Pallava king of that name during that period; unless we
Vaijyanfi or Banavasi while the latter one from UcchpigT i.e. suppose that Cai:i<JadaQQawas another name or biruda of the
Ucchaspig1, which would show that Mandhatrvarman was in
control of both these capitals. From the Shimoga plates we learn 1. Fleet, Dyn.Kan.Dist.,
p.322; N.L.Rao & R.S.Panchamukhi, Karnafakada
that he was the son of Kumaravarman of the Kadamba family. Arasumanetanaga(u (Kanna<;ia), p.27 note 4; Corp.Kad.lns., p.LIV.
 Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas Political History 35
34

Pallava king Nandivarman I who was the contemporary ruler of by Ravivarman. 1 This epigraph also states that the land upto
the Kadamba king Ravivarman and who might have supported Narmada i.e. the people of this region, rejoiced in seeking
the cause of Vi~i:iuvarman. D.C.Sircar suggests that Ca11,4ada11,4a voluntary refuge in king Ravivarman. This should be taken as a
was the biruda of the Pallava king while K.V.Ramesh thinks that conventional praise indicating that Ravivarman was a powerful
the expression has to be understood in the sense of 'a fierce monarch and thus providing an interesting reference to the
army' instead of the name of a Pallava ruler. Some scholars conventional chakravarti-k~etra.
suggest that the king Vi~i:iuvarman who was killed by Ravivarman While most of Ravivarman's records are issued from his main
could not have been the Kadamba king Vi~i:iuvarman, son of capital Vaijyanfi or Banavasi, his Kasipura plates (No.24) are
Kr~I).avarman I, since the mothers of both belonged to the issued from Uchhrngi i.e. Uchhasrngi identified with Uccangi or
Kaikeya family and were thus related from the mother's side also. Uccangidurg in Bellary district. The Kui:itagai:iiplates (No.18) are
They further suggest that this Vi~i:iuvarman may be identified issued from Panktipura which has been identified with modern
2
with the Pallava king Vi~i:iugopa. This view is untenable in view Hangal in Dharwad district.
of the fact that the Pallava ruler Vi~i:iugopa is nowhere mentioned While the majority of Ravivarman's records register grants
as Vi~I).uvarman and that Pallava Vi~i:iugopa could not have been made to brahma11,a donees, two epigraphs (Nos.17 and 23) are
governing the Palasika division as indicated in the record which in favour of Jainism and two (Nos.19 and 26) of Buddhism. The
states that after killing Vi~i:iuvarman, Ravivarman established Sirsi plates (No.20) mention that the king made a gift of land to
the temple of Mahadeva which was built by his dear physician
himself at Palasika. Hence, it would be better to identify
(priya-vaidya) Nilakai:itha-desamatya which would suggest that
Vi~i:iuvarman with the Kadamba king of that name only. the royal physicians could also be appointed as ministers
Ravivarman was a great monarch and had a long and (amatya). The Halsi plates (No.23) renew the gift of the village
prosperous reign. As already pointed out, he killed Vi~i:iuvarman, Khetaka made, through the favour of the king, by Jayakirti to
son of Kr~i:iavarman I, and occupied Palasika and placed his his grandmother. And we Jearn that this very gift was originally
younger brother Bhanuvarman in charge of that division. By this made to his grandfather Srutakirti by Kakutsthavarman which
he was in control of the entire Kadamba kingdom like his was once renewed by Mrgesavarman to the donee's wife through
grandfather Santivarman. The GU<;lnapur inscription of this king her son Damakirti and Damakirti's son was Jayakirti. This
(No.22) states that even as a boy he became the lord of eighteen Jayak1rti held the position of pratihara under Ravivarman.
chieftains (ma11,</.alikas).He is described as an expert in wielding The most interesting and important record of Ravivarman is
weapons ( astra-sakti-tomar- apastra-kunte~u ni~fham =parahgata!J,) the Gu<;lnapur inscription (No.22) As already remarked, it
and also in riding horses and elephants. He was adept in the reveals, for the first time, the names of the father and grandfather
Niti-sastra of Vi~i:iugupta and in the works of Subandhu. His of Mayurav~rman and traces the ancestry -of the family down to
subjects lived happily engaging themselves in their respective Ravivarman., Hence this inscription, along with the Talagunda
pursuits (dharma) without fear:.. The Ganga, Punnata, Kongala epigraph of Santivarman, forms the basis for reconstructing the
(i.e. Konga}va), Pa1:u;lya and A}upa rulers obeyed his orders genealogical account of the main line of the Kadamba dynasty.
voluntarily. The Gu<;ln~ur record furnishes the earliest reference The Gu<;lnapur inscription describes the qualities of head and
to the Konga}va and A}upa rulers. 1 Ravivarman seems to have heart of Ravivarman and also his conquests over many
fought and subjugated these rulers. He is also credited with the adversaries, as pointed out above. The record further mentions
killing of a certain Balaraja. But the identity of these adversaries that the king built a beautiful temple of Manmatha i.e. god of
is uncertain in the absence of further details. The Davai:iagere
plates (No.19) mention that a hill-fort called Kui:i<;lagiriwhich
king Raghu was unable to occupy in earlier days was conquered 1. The identification of this KuQ<;lagiri is uncertain. •While Panchamukhi
thinks that it may be Kanheri near Bombay (Karnafaka ltih'iisa, p.136),
Sircar suggests that it may be Kn<;lgeri in Shimoga district (Ep.lnd.,
1. On p. LV of Corp. Kad. lns., Gopal states that Bhatari Kakustha of the Vol.XXXIV, p.89).
Ta)agunda inscription was an A)upa. But the record does not say so. 2. Cf. Ep.lnd., Vol.XXXII, p.218.
36 Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas 37
Political History
1
love. ~his temple which is called Kamadevalaya in the epigraph chief royal courtesans (pradhana-rajavilasinI-pafaka-
was situated between the apartment occupied by the king sannihita-Kamadev'iiyatana).
(raja-vasa-griha) and the residential apartment of the royal ladies The Gm;lnapur inscription is also of considerable literary
(anta/J,pura). There were two dancing halls in front of the temple merit. It consists of 27 lines of which 30 verses cover the first 16
of Manmatha. Apparently, the temple of Manmatha was lines while the remaining 11 lines are in prose. Verse 1 and 30
constructed in the pramada-vana area in the campus of the royal are in Ma.lint and Prthv'i metres while the remaining 28 verses
palace ~s suggested by Sohoni. 2 Besides Kamadevalaya, the are composed in the rare metre belonging to the species of
temple 1s also called Manmathavesma and Cetobhava-grha. Not ¥atrasamaka used in the famous Ta.Jagunda record of
only did king Ravivarman build the temple of the god of love Santivarman (No.4) written by the poet Kubja. From the style
but also arranged for the annual festival of this god and composition of this Gm;lnapur record, it is tempting to suggest
(Madanotsava) in the month of Caitra (Madhu) or Vaisakha that this epigraph was also composed by the same poet viz. Kubja.
(Madhava) or whenever possible for the entertainment and It is interesting to note that the Gm;lnapur record contains the
enjoyment of all his subjects. This would show the interest taken numerals 1 to 9 beautifully engraved while describing the nine
by the king in promoting fine arts. This is one of the rare temples brahmadeya lands gifted by the king.
constructed in honour of the god of love i.e. Madana. For the No.26 is a record of the time of king Ravivarman but actually
p~rpose ~f worship and other activities connected with this temple belongs to Citrasena-Kella of the Kaikeya family. We know that
kmg Rav1varman made a grant consisting of some villages and3 Ravivarman's mother belonged to this Kaikeya family and hence
vast land irrigat~d by the water of the tank called Gm;l<;la-taiaka Citrasena might have been a relative . of Ravivarman on his
constructed by him. In addition, he gifted nine brahmadeya lands mother's side, either a maternal uncle or his son. This would
which were situated in different places and which included a account for issuing this grant in his own regnal year, though he
variety of trees and flowers. These lands were purchased from a was a de jure subordinate ruler under Ravivarman. This record
ce~tain_ Brahmarya by paying the price higher than the standard commences with an invocation of Buddha described as born in
pnce fixed for them, thus adequately compensating the seller. It the family of Suddhodana, although we know that the latter was
1s noteworthy that the temple of Madana was constructed in front4 actually the father of Buddha. The epigraph registers the gift,
of two dancing halls which suggests, as pointed out by Sohoni, made by Citrasena-Mahakella, of a garden called Sahara.ma and
that roy~I courtesans might be participating by performing dances a field situated in the village Napitapalli to the Arya-Sangha. The
at the time of Madanotsava and also on other festivals. In this writer of the grant was Jinanandi-senapati, son of Sirhha-senapati.
~onn~ct_ion Soh~ni has dr~wn our attention to the Kandhar
mscnptton 5 of Ra~traknta kmg Kr!?i:aaIII which states that the HARIV ARMAN · ·
temple of Kamadeva there was situated near the quarters of the
Ravivarman was succeeded on the throne by his son
1. B.R._9op:!l,_who has _edite~ this record, has read the name of this temple Harivarman who is the last known king of the main line of the
as Kai:naJtnalaya (S!ikan{~ikii, p.71). and states that it registers gifts to Kadambas and who is referred to the period circa 500-20 A.D.
the Ja1?a tef!lple ~ahubah (rep~esented by Kamajinalaya). This is wrong There are four records of his time in this volume, the earliest
a':d m1~l:ading since the reading of the name of the temple is only
Kamadevalaya and not Kamajinalaya, though the formation of letter de (No.27) is dated in his fourth regnal year while the latest (No.30)
has been defective, as shown by us elsewhere Cf. Journ.lnd.Hist., Vol.51 belongs to his eighth regnal year. As already remarked, it is the
(1973), pp.~01-02; Quart.Jo~rn .Myth.Soc., Vol.79 (1988), pp.89-93. Sangolli plates (No.29) of this king dated in his eighth regnal
2. Further, this. same temple 1s mentioned as Kamadevalaya later in the y_ear which mention the astronomical feature .Vi~upa along with
record for which further grant was made but which has been misunderstood Asvayuja-amav'iisya and which enables us to fix his accession date
by Gopal (Cf. QJMS, op.cit . P..92). S.V .Sohoni has supported my reading as 500 A.D. And this has formed the basis to work out the
of the name Kamadevalaya (Srrnidhi, K.R.Srinivasan Fel. Vol., p.294).
3. Th~ present name GU<;lnapur,the findspot of the inscription, is obviously chronological table of the kings of the main line from
den"..ed from the name of this tank. Mayuravarman onwards and even of the two generations before
4. Cf. Srrnidhi, p.297, note 6. him. Two of his records (Nos. 20 and 30), which are dated in
5. Ep.lnd., Vol.XXXV, p.114. his eighth regnal year, have been issued from his main capital
 39
38 Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas Political History

Vaijyanfi while the epigraph of his fourth regnal year (No.27) actual donor of the grant is stated to have been the senapati
mentions that he was camping at Uccasp'lgt and that of his fifth Vi~i:iudasavarman.
regnal year (No.28) states that he was camping at Palasika. This
would show that he was in control of these secondary capitals
while the collateral branch of Kni:iavarman I was ruling from the
...
KRSNA VARMAN I AND YUVARAJA DEVA VARMAN

capital of Triparvata. It is generally believed 1 that Harivarman As already remarked, the collateral branch of the Kadamba
was one of the last Kadamba kings to be replaced by the early dynasty was founded by_Kr~?avarman I, son of Kakutsth~varman
Calukyan rulers, specially by Pulik esin I, the founder of the and younger brother of Sant1varman. After the death of his father
dynasty who claims to have performed Asvamedha and other Kakutsthavarman, Kr~i:iavarman I seems to have re~olted and
sacrifices. 2 It must, however, be noted that Harivarman was declared himself as an independent ruler. The B1rur plates
defeated and was probably killed in the encounter with (No.32) describe him as dak~i1J,'ii.-patha-vasumati-vasu-pati a~d as
Kni:iavarman II of the collateral branch who is stated to have Asvamedhayajin, which would show th_at Kr~i:iavarman_I cla1_med
set out on an expedition against Vaijayanfi (Vaijayantf-vijaya- a sort of suzerainty over the entire Deccan. His epithet
yatram=abhiprasthitalJ), the erstwhile capital of the Kadamba Asvamedhayajin appears in the Devagiri plates (No.3~) of
kings of the main line from where Harivarman issued his SangoUi Yuvaraja Devavarman, in the Perbbata grant (No.33) a~d. m the
plates (No.29) in his eighth regnal year. So Kr~i:iavarman II must Bannahal}i plates (No.37) of Kr~i:iavarman_II._Th~ De~agm _Plates
have occupied Vaijayanff shortly after c. 515 A.D. from whence (No.31) also refer to him_ as ekatapatra 1~d1catmg his universal
he issued his Sirsi· plates (No.39). And it was this Kr~i:iavarman sovereignty. From the evidence of the B1rur plates (No._32) of
II and his descendants Ajavarman and Bhogivarman who seem Vi~i:iuvarman, according Jo which the king made a grant "'.1th the
to have been displaced by the early Calukya kings. permission of his uncle Santivarm _an who_ has been descnbed_ as
No.27 registers the gift of a village called Vasuntavatika for the master of the entire Kar1,1ata region (samagra-Kar1J,afa-
the eight-day festival and other services in the Jaina temple desa-bhuvargga-bharta), Moraes suggested t~at both
constructed by Mrg esa, son of Sirhha-senapati. This Mrgesa seems Krsnavarman I and his son Vi~i:iuvarman were subordm~te ;ule~s
to have been named after Harivarman 's grandfather of ·santivarman. 1 But Sircar has rightly shown that this view JS
Mrgesavarman . The Jaina temple was constructed at Palasika. untenable because a subordinate ruler could not perform the
The grant of the village Marade to the Jaina temple at Palasika Asvamedha sacrifice. 2 Further the epithet of Kr~i:iavarman I
recorded in No.28 is stated to have been made at the request of mentioned above clearly shows that he calle? himsel_f as a
Sendraka Bhanusakti-raja . It appears that this Bhanusakti-raja sovereign independent king. This_he did by usurp1ry~ t~e kingdom
of Sendraka family was ruling over Palasika division as a governor by setting a-side the claims of his elder brother Sant1varman ~o
under Harivarman . While these two records register gifts to Jaina the Kadamba throne. But ultimately, Santivarman succeede_d m
temples, the other two (No s.29 and 30) are brahmanical in nature. his conflict with Kr~i:iavarman I who seems to have been killed
Harivarman seems to have led a peaceful life (rajya-sriyam in the battle. .
nirupadravam) at least upto his eighth regnal year after which There is only one record of his time viz. the Devagin plates
his kingdom was invaded and probably captured by Kr~1,1avarman (No.31) of his younger son yuvaraja Devava~man. We have
II. It is only from his Halsi plates {No.27) that we learn that referred him to the period circa 430-45 and his elder brother
Harivarman had an uncle called Sivaratha, i.e. brother of Santivarman continued to rule from Vaijyanfi after his ~eath ~or
Ravivarman on whose advice the gift was made. In No.30, the some more years. In the records of the ~estern Gang_a _k:ng
Avin1ta and his successors, Avin1ta is descnbeq as the b~agmey_a
of Asvamedhayajin Kr~i:iavarman of the Kada~ba family. This
could be none else than Kr~i:iavarman I who 1s the only ruler
1. Cf. Ep.Ind., Vol.XIV, p.165; Sue.Sat., p.274.
2. Ibid., Vol.XXVII, pp.4 ff. amongst the entire Kadamba dynasty to have performed the

1. Kadamba-Kula, p.29.
2. Sue.Sat., pp.284-85.
40 Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas Political History 41

Asvamedha sacrifice. Even the great warrior and founder The identity of Nai:iakkasa-Pallava-raja, is, however, uncertain.
Mayuravarman is not credited with this achievement. Hence the But it seems that Kr~i:iavarman I died in this encounter with the
suggestion of some scholars that A vin"ita's brother-in-law was Pallavas who might have supported Santivarman of the main line
Kr~i:iavarman II is untenable. 1 The Devagiri plates (No.31) which enabled him to regain the sovereignty of his ancestral
describe Kr~i:iavarman I as the performer of the horse-sacrifice kingdom from the usurper.
(Asvamedha), as the best jewel amongst the feudatories, as the
victor of the Naga family and as the one who had obtained the . . ARMAN
VISNUV
family property (AsvamedhayajinalJ, samar-i5parjjita-
vipulaisvaryyasya samanta-raja- vise~a-ratnasya Nagajan=akramya Krsnavarman I was succeeded by his eldest son
day-anubhutasya srI-Kr~rJ,avarmmarJ,a/J,).It has been suggested (Jye~th~~tanaya) Vi~i:iuvarman I for whom ~e have only three
that Nagas who were defeated by him seem to be the members inscriptions in this volume. Of these, the B1ru! pl~tes {No.32)
of the Sendraka family who claim to belong to the Naga or are considered as spurious, though some of the h1stoncal contents
Bhujagendra lineage. 2 can be relied upon. The BannahalJi plates (No.37) of
From the Mu<;ligere plates of Viimuvarman (No.34) and the Krsnavarman II inform that Vi~i:iuvarman was born from the
BannahaUi plates of Kr~i:iavarman II (No.37), \lie learn that p;i~~ess of the Kaikeya family. Though he was the eldest son,
Kr~i:iavarman I had married the daughter of the Kaikeya family. the circumstances under which his father Kr~i:iavarman I
We have already noticed that Mrgesavarman of the main line had appointed his younger brother Devavarman as yuvaraja in
also married a girl from the Kai key a family, but their mutual preference to him are not known. This se~ms to have estranged
relationship is not known. In this connection, we may notice a his relations with his own father and led him to take the support
stone inscription from Ai:iaji in Chitradurga district which seems of his uncle Santivarman as well as the Pallava king. His Perbbata
to record the voluntary death (svargg-avapti- krt-ek~arJ,a/J, grant (No.33) describes that he was anointed by b?th
Indra-li5ka-sukham=akamayata) of a certain Sivanandavarman Santivara-maharaja and an unnamed Pallava kmg
who is stated to have belonged to the Kekaya family. He decided (Santivara-mahariija- Pallavenfr'ii.bhi#ktalJ,). This expression is
to take recourse to this voluntary death by turning his face away understood by some scholars to mean that the name of the
from material happiness and by desiring permanent fame in the Pallava king was Santivarman wh_oanointed him. But we do not
other world with a tranquillised heart (prasamita-hrdaya) after know of any Pallava king named Santivarman at this time. Hence
witnessing a fierce battle between Nai:iakkasa- Pallavaraja and it would be reasonable to identify Santivara with Santivarman
Kr~i:iavarmmaraja in which the army of the latter was shattered who was the uncle of Vi~i:iuvarman and elder brother of
~nd the country i.e. kingdom ruined. It appears that Krsnavarman I. And we learn from the Birur plates (No.32) that
Sivanandavarman committed suicide by lying on a bed of darbha Vi~~uvarman made a gift with the permission (anujnapya) of his
grass and burning himself. This Kr~i:iavarmmaraja is sought to be un~ie (jye/ha-pita) Santivarman described as the lord of the _entire
identified with the Kadamba king Kr~i:iavarman I and the Kan:iata-desa with its capital ~t Vaijyanti. So the suggestion. of
palaeographical consideration of the Ai:iaji record does not ..... T.V. Mahalingam that both Santivarman and the Pallava kmg
militate against this view . And since Kadamba Krsnavarman I
0
supported the cause of Vi~i:iuvarman by defeating and even killing
had married a Kekaya princess , Sivanandavarman ap pears to have his father in a battle and anointing the son on the throne seems
been a close relative of his wife, either a father or a brother. 3 to be reasonable. And, accordingly, Vi~i:iuvarman I transferred
his alliegiance to Santivarman and ruled over the Palasika
1. Dubreuil, Anc.Hist.Dec., p.103; Moraes, Kadambakula, pp.55-59. division. But it appears that after the qeath .of Mrgesavarman
Moreover, AvinTta could not have been the contemporary of Kadamba and possibly during the !ule of Siva-M a nd~atrvarm~n,
Kr~I}.avarmanII who lived much later. Vi~i:iuvarman declared himself independent of the mam lme _wh1ch
2. Sue.Sat., p.288 and note 1. might have resulted in his fight with Ravivarman who claims to
3. The suggestion that this Sivanandavarman was the son of Kr~I}.avarmanI
who may even be identified with Devavarrnan should b~ rejected in view
of the fact that he belonged to the Kekaya family and Atreya-gotra while
the gotra of the Kadambas was Manavya or Angirasa (Cf. Sue.Sat., p.289). 1. Sue.Sat. p.290.
 Political History 43
42 Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas

have killed him, as already pointed out. Thereafter, parts of modern Shimoga and Chikmagalur districts. This would
Bhanuvarman, younger brother of Ravivarman, was appointed suggest that he was holding sway over this region. The gift was
made in favour of a Jaina temple. Though, on account of the
as the governor of the Palasika division.
faulty language and other considerations, the genuineness of this
. Of th~ th~ee records of Vi~i:iuvarman, two (Nos.32 and 33)
register gifts m favour of Brahmal)as while the third (No.34) record is doubted, we may agree that Sirhhavarman did rule for
registers a gift of land to a Jaina temple. The Muc;ligere plates some time after the death of Vi~l)uvarman and before the rise
(No:34) describe him as adept in the science of horses (viiji), of his son Kr~1Javaraman II.
music (gandharva), language (sabda), polity (n'iti), religion
(dharma), archery (dhanul}), Veda, philosophy (adhyiitma) and ...
KRSNA V ARMAN II
Mzmamsii. He also worshipped the gods, Brahma1,1.as, teachers,
saints and scholars. The Bannahalli plates (No.37) of his grandson Kn1Javarman II succeeded his father Sirhhavarman and
K~~l)avarman II also describe him as skilled in music (gandharva), appears to have held sway over the area round about
science of elephant-rearing (hasti-vidyii) and archery Sendraka-vi~aya where his father ruled. He is represented by six
(dhanur-vidya) like Vatsaraja, lndra and Arjuna. He was also epigraphs in this volume, the earliest of which is dated in his
well ve_rsed in sabda, artha and nyaya. The Perbbata grant (No.33) seventh regnal year (No.36) while the latest in his twenty-second
calls him parama-brahma'f},ya. regnal year (No.40). His undated Bel)l)Ur plates (No.41) register
gift of some land situated in Sendraka-vi~aya. The same record
states that the king had set out on a military expedition against
SIMHA V ARMAN Vaijayanfi (Vaijayanfi-vijaya- yatram=abhiprasthital}). This would
Vi~l)uvarman I was succeeded by his son Sirhhavarman. Till show that at the time of this record Kr~i:iavarman II had not
recently, no record of his time was found and he was known from occupied the Vaijayanfi and this occupati~n must have taken
place before his seventh regnal year since his SivaUi plates (No.36)
the epigraphs of his son and successor Kf~l)avarman II only.
of this year are issued from Vaijayanfi. And, as already pointed
Hence some scholars doubted if he even ascended the Kadamba
out, the last king of th e main line Harivarman was ruling from
t~rone and even if he did, it was not known where he was ruling
smce the paternal kingdom of Palasika division was annexed to Vaijayanfi from whence he issued his SangoUi plates (No.29) in
his eighth regnal year which, according to our chronological table,
the main line by Ravivarman. 1 But recently a set of copper-plates
falls in circa 501 A.D . Thus Harivarman seems to have been
belonging to Sirhhavarman was discovered at a place called
defeated by Knl)avarman II soon after this date since the seventh
M~c;ligere _in Chikmaga~ur district iNo.35). The genuineness of year of the latter would be circa 512 A.D ·. ·as he is referred to
this grant 1s unne cessanly doubted. It refers to Sirhhavarman as
the grandson of the Asvamedhayajin Kr~"tJ,avarmandescribed as the period circa 505-40 A.D .
All the six inscriptions of Kr~i:iavarman II are brahmanical
lord of Vaijayanfi and the son of the emperor (sarvabhauma)
in nature registering grants to Brahmal)as of various gotras.
Vi~l)uvarman. Sirhhavarman himself is described as a brave and
As has been pointed out above, Kr~1,1.avarmanI, the great
courageous person like Nabhaga and as skilled in various sciences
grandfather of Knl)avarman II, was the only king of the Kadamba
as well as in dharma, artha , kiima and as anointed by the god
dyna sty who could claim the credit of having performed the
Vi~l)u (Vasava) and as coronated by a certain
horse-sacrifice (Asvamedha) and only after this time, the family
Sarvasena-Maharaja, who may be identified with a ruler of the
is described as having been purified by the performance of this
Kaikeya family .3 The plates are dated in his fifth regnal year and
sacrifice. It has been also shown that Kr~1Javarman I has been
register a gift of land situated in Sendraka vi~aya which comprised mentioned as the brother-in-law (bhagineya) of the Western
Ganga king A vin1ta in the records of the latter and his
1. Sue.Sat. p.294; Journ.lnd.Hist, Vol.XIII, pp.156 ff. descendants. However, some scholars have expressed a different
2. Corp.Kad.lns., p.LXII. In our opinion, the grant is genuine. opinion by suggesting that according to the Sirsi plates (No.39)
3. A_ Sun_dara, B.R. Gopal and Ajay Mitra Sastri wrongly identified him Kr~1Javarman II is also described as being anointed as king during
with his name-sake of the Vakataka dynasty. For a detailed discussion on
this, see Ep.lnd., Vol.XLII, pp.189-190.
 45
Political History
44 Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas
Calukya dynasty Pulikesin I had already _established himself at
1
the performance of the horse-sacrifice. This view is untenable, his capital Vatapi or Badami, after defeatmg Kr~r,ta~arman II.
as pointed out by Sircar, since the expression relating to the The Tagare plates register a gr~nt . of the village called
performance of the horse-sacrifice in the above record refers to Kiru-KudalUr to a Brahmar,ta and this village was one of the
the Kadamba family in general, as in other similar records, and tw~nty-f~ur villages of the Tagar~ m_ahagran:zain Tagare-vi~aya.
not to Knr,tavarman II as understood by some scholars. 2 But Tagare still retains its name and 1s situated m the modern Belur
Sircar's identification of the maternal uncle of the Ganfa king taluk of Shimoga district. It may also be ~oted that the Pe~bba_!a
Avin"ita with Kf~r,tavarman II instead of Kf~r,tavarman I is not grant (No.33) of Vi~r,tuvarman was issued _from KU<;lalur
correct in view of the fact that Avin"ita and his father Madhava adh"i~fhana which is the same as the KU<;lalur-palh of the present
III were the contemporaries of Kr~r,tavarman I and not of record. The grant is stated to have been made at the request of
Knr,tavarll'!an II as thought of by Sircar.
4 Bhogivarman's son Vi~r,tuvarman II who does not appear to have
The SivaUi plates (No.36) describe Kr~r,tavarman II as ruled. · f
parama-bhagavata while in his BannahaUi plates {No.37) he is In the third and last plate of this epigraph, we notice a ew
called parama-brahmarJ,ya. The latter record also describes him lines engraved in later characters and written in Kanna<;lalanguage
as "one who acquired the kingdom by his own power, strength and they do not form part of the original grant.
and valour" (sva-viryya-bala-parakkram=oparjjita-rajyafrf/J.) while
his Sirsi plates (No.39) call him as "obtainer of the kingdom as MADHUV ARMAN AND DAMODARA
a result of victory in many battles" (bahu-samara-vijaya-
samadhigata-yaso-rajya-sri/J.). The Ber,tr,turplates {No.41) describe Lastly we have to notice two stray_ names of rulers viz.
him as Do~arasivarman and Kadambanam pancamo lokapalalJ.. Madhuvarman and Damodara who claim to belong to the
Kadamba family. The stone inscription of M_adhuvar~an (No.43)
BHOGIV ARMAN calls him only as sr"i-Madhuvarman and registers a gift mad~ by
him to a Brahmar,ta. The epigraph of Damodara (No.44) descnbes
From the Tagare plates (No.42) of Bhogivarman we learn him as born of in the family of the Kadambas and as ?ne devoted
that the son of Kr~r,tavarman II was Ajavarman while the to his father, and as pure, virtuous, efficient, :ner~et1c and brave
Kirukuppaturu grant (No.38) of Kr~r,tavarman II himself mentions (pitr-bhaktas=sucir dak~alJ. sattv=otsaha-pratapavan) .. Th~se tw_o
that he had another son called Ravivarman II. It appears that rul~rs might have helped the last rulers of th_e family m. thetr
both these sons did not rule. Hence Kpmavarman II was fight against the powerful Calukya kings and might have ~ned to
succeeded by his grandson Bhogivarman. His Tagare plates revive the glory of their kingdom, thoug~ !hey were ultimately
{No.42) call him the grandson of Kpmavarman II and son of overpowered by the Calukya rulers.
Ajavarman. Bhogivarman is stated to have acquired a larger Thus ended the rule of the Kadamba kings who held sway
kingdom by the power of his own arms and to have defeated the over Karnataka or Kuntala for about two hundred and fifty years
enemies (sva-bahu-bal=arjjita-vipula-rajyalJ. ripu- jay=opalabdha- from the b~ginning of the fourth century till about the ~id~le of
vividha- visffrrJ,na-bhogalJ.). These enemies appear to be the the sixth century A.D. and survived till about the begmmng of
earliest kings of the Calukya dynasty, since Bhogivarman is the seventh century A.D. At first, th~y were more ?r less
referred to the period circa 550-75 when the founder of the dependent upon their Pallava rulers till about the time of
Mrgesavarman who seems to have defeated and declai:ed complete
independence from them. The last rulers of this Kadamba dynasty
1. Sue.Sat., pp.298-99 . were in turn defeated by the Calukya king Pulikesin I and his
2. Ibid. successors.
3. Ibid., pp.299-302.
4. Sircar's view is due to his placing DurvinTta, son of AvinTta, in the first
half of the seventh century A.D. and making him the father-in-law of the
Calukya king Pulakesin II which is not correct. DurvinTta and his father
AvinTta have to be placed in the first half of sixth century A.D. and
second half of fifth century A.D. (cf. Ins.West. Gang. p.LIV) respectively.
 47
Religion

Mayurasarman, intent on higher studies in the Vedas, went to

the Pallava capital Kaficl which was a seat of higher learning in
Vedic studies (ghafika-sthana) and there, having been insulted by
the Pallava rulers during an Asvamedha sacrifice, he wield'ed a
sword, adopted the profession of a K~atriya and carved out a
RELIGION kingdom for himself and his descendants. The Guc;lnapur
inscription (No.22), which reveals the names of Mayuravarman's
father and grandfather, states that the latter was called
More than a century ago when Fleet published the first batch 1
Vtrasarman with a Brahmai:ia-ending name. He is described as
of the copper-plate grants of the Kadam ba dynasty he adept in the Vedas and as the best of the Brahmal).as
th~u~ht ~hat !he kings of this dynasty belonged to the Jaina (Veda-kula-mati and dvij-ottama). Bandhu~ei:ia, Virasarman's son
r~hg1on s1~ce 1t so happened that all these inscriptions registered and father of Mayuravarman, has been described as one who
gifts to Jama teachers or Jaina establishments. But he seems to took to the profession of the warriors (k~atra-vritti-lata-
have changed his opinion shortly afterwards when he came to mula-gurJ-ambu-prasecitalJ,). His vedic qualification is attested by
~~o~ about the existence of the famous Talagunda inscription of the Halsi plates (No.23) wherein he is described as acarya 1with
~~nt1varman (No.4) which begins with a salutation to the god an honorific plural. As aptly pointed out by S.V. Sohoni, the
Siva (namalJ, ~ivaya). This epigraph clearly states that the Kadambas retained their original caste of the Brahmai:ias to which
an':.estors of Santivarman belonged to the family of the the military profession was added. In this context the name
B~a?i:nai:ias (dvija-kula) described as of Manavya-gotra, Kadamba given to the family after the tree of that name becomes
Hariti-putra l:nd tryar~a-vartma i.e. which followed the path of significant inasmuch as on the original tree of the Kadamba family
the t?ree Vedas. And one record of Mrgesavarman (No.6) climbed the creeper of the military profession (k~atra-vrtti-lata).
de~cnbes _the Kadam bas as l>elonging not only to the This would also explain why the family was called Kadamba. Both
Manavya-gotra but also to the Ahgirasa-gotra which seems to the family and the tree had common features which fact is stressed
show that this family actually belonged to the latter gotra. This by the expression asya taros=sanamya sadharmyam in the
~rah!11~i:tafamily of _t?e Kadambas, we learn from the Ta}agunda Ta}agunda inscription (No.4). Thus the basic or primary religion
mscnpt1on: was punf1ed by the performance of many sacrifices, of the Kadambas, who could be called brahma-k~atriyas,
was adept m the sacred lore, kept the sacred fire and drank Soma remained as Brahmai:ias while their secondary or additional
acco_r~in~ to pre~pt. (v~vi~ha-yajn-avabhrtha-pu'}y- ambu-niyat- religion was that of K~atriya, inspite of the -sarman-ending name
a?htfek-ardr~-mur_!,d~a1a_m pravacan- avagaha-ni~'}atam being substituted by the -varman-ending name.
vidhivat=samiddh-agni soma-pam). Mayurasarman, who is The Guc;lnapur inscription (No.22) describes Mayuravarman
regarded as the founder and first member of the family in this as having been anointed as king on the throne by the god
rec~rd, has bee~ call~d th~ ~est of the Brahmai:ias (dvij-ottamalJ,), Karttikeya or Sac;lanana (Tridasa-senanI). The Ta}agunda
w_h1lethe Guc;lnapur 1~scnpt1on of Ravivarman (No.22) describes epigraph (No.4) also states that he was anointed by Sa<fiinana
him as an expert m all the branches of the Vedic lore yam abhi~iktavan). We may note, in this connection,
(Sa<f,ananalJ,
(Vedahga-vidya-visaradalJ,). It may be noted that the name of this that almost all the records of the Kadambas describe the family
king is given in this Ta}agunda record as Mayurasarman with as favoured by (anuddhyata}2 Svami-Mahasena (i.e. Sac;lanana)
-sarm_a~ ending indicating his Brahmai:ia-hood while all the and the Mothers (matrgarJa). But the only king in the entire
remammg records of this family as well as those of the later dynasty of the Kadambas who has been credited with the
branches call him with the K~atriya-ending name as
Mayura~arman. Even his own ChandravaUi inscription (No.2)
calls him as Mayuravarman. As already remarked, this 1. Sr"fnidhi (K.R.Srinivasan Fel. Vol.), p.294.
2. While Fleet and Kielhorn rendered this expression anuddhyata as
'meditated on', (Ind.Ant., Vol.VI, pp.31 & 32 and Ep.Ind., Vol.VIII,
1. Ind.Ant., Vol.VI (1877), pp.22 ff. He had, however also given their p.35), D.C.Sircar rightly states that the expression would mean 'favoured
tentative texts earlier in JBBRAS, Vol.IX, pp.299 ff. ' by' (Sue.Sat., p.240, note 1).
48 Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas 49
Religion
performance of the horse-sacrifice (asvamedha) was praise of Brahman Uayati . . . da1'}4a-kama1'}4alu-hasta/J,
K~kutsthavarman'~ son Kr~i:iavarman I who founded the padma-pravar-asane Brahma). The Birur plates (No.32) of
Tnparvata branch. And only from his time onwards, the Vi~i:i1,1varmaninvoke all the three gods of the Hindu pantheon,
Kadambas began to describe themselves as being rendered pure viz. Siva, Vi~i:iu and Brahman (Hara-Narayal'}a-Brahma-tritiyaya
by the holy bath taken during the performance of the nqmalJ,). Though the invocatory verse is in praise of god Siva
horse-sacrifice (asvamedh-avabhrtha-snana-pavitrikrta-sarira). (Sambhur-vise~am jagatam pati/J,) in the SangoUi plates of
The BannahaUi plates (No.37) describe Kni:iavarman II Harivarman (No.29), the record ends with the salutation to all
parama-brahmal'}ya while his SivaUi plates (No.36) call him the three gods (namo Hari-Hara-Hiral'}ya-garbhebhya/J,). Vi~i:iu is
parama-bhagavata. mentioned in the invocatory verse of the Banavasi inscription
. Many records of the Kadamba dynasty do not give the usual (No.12) of Mrgesavarman (Vi~l'J,urh namasyami tad-eka-cittam)
mvocatory verse or verses in praise of a deity or god but and also in that of the Perbbata grant (No.33) of Vi~i:iuvarman
straightaway proceed to mention the place of issue and the name Uitam bhagavata tena Vi~l'}una). The Guc;lnapur inscription
of the family or king. e.g. Vijaya-Vaijayantyam ... Kadambanam (No.22) of Ravivarman is unique in that the invocatory verse
maharajalJ,, etc. In such records their sectarian nature could be here is in praise of the God of Love i.e. Manmatha
ascertained from the donative part where the religion of the donee Uayati-sura-vadhunam Manmatha!J, kamininam). It records the
is indicated. Of the forty-four inscriptions of the dynasty in this construction of the temple of this god called Kamadevalaya and
volume, twenty-eight are brahmanical, twelve are Jaina, two registers several grants in favour of it.
Buddhist, one n<?n-sectarian just recording the construction of a Though followers of the brahmanical faith, the Kadamba
tank and one just mentions the name of the king. The brahmanical rulers were great patrons of Jainism since a good number of their
records register grants made to Brahmai:ias of different gotras records register grants to Jaina teachers or establishments and
who are generally described as well-versed in the study of the invoke Jina or Arhat. The Halsi plates (No.3) of yuvaraja
Veda, Vedatiga, Itihasa, Purai:ia and Dharmasastra. Besides the Kakutsthavarman commence by praising Jinendra (jayati
commonly known gotras like the KaurJ,dinya, Bhargava, bhagavan Jinendro) and states that the donated village belonged
Bharadvaja, Gautama, Kasyapa, Atreya, Harita, Kausika and to the holy Arhat while the donee was one Srutakirti. It ends
Garga mentioned in connection with the Brahmai:ia donees, we with a salutation to the first tirthafzkara Ri.yabha (namo
get the following rare gotras also in the records of this dynasty: Si~abhaya). In the Devagiri plates (No.6) of Mrgesavarman, the
Aupagahani, Dhaumya, Kaimbala, Kalasa, Kotasa, Sravi~tha, donees were the god Arhan-maha-Jinendradevata and the sects
Cailliya, Valandata, Paurukutra, Dopamabhyaya and Varahi. called Sveta-pafa-mahasramal'}a-sangha and Nirgrantha- .
The Kadambas were the worshippers of all the three mahasramal'}a-safzgha. The Halsi plates (Ne.11) of the same ruler
brahmanical gods viz. Brahma, Vi~i:iu and Siva. The famous record the construction of a temple of Jina (Jinalaya) at Palasika
Jalagunda inscription (No.4) commences with the words nama!J, i.e. modern Halsi and register some gift in favour of the Jaina
Sivaya, then there is a verse in adoration of Sthanakundura-vasine sect called Kurcakas. Nos. 17 and 23 of Ravivarman are Jaina
Mahadevaya. This record also states that this place records and the Halsi plates (No.27) of Harivarman register a
Sthanakundura i.e. modern Talagunda was the home of perfection gift in favour of a Jaina temple for the performance of the
of the holy primeval god Bhava i.e. Siva (say=iha bhagavato eight-day festival (a.yfahnika-maha) there. This gift was entrusted
Bhavasy=adi-devasya siddhy-alaye). The Hitna-Hebbagilu plates to a certain Candrak~antak~ama who was the chief of the Sangha
(No.9) of Mrgesavarman commence with an invocatory verse in named after Vari~ei:iacarya belonging to the sect of the KUrcakas.
The record ends with a salutation to Vardhamana (namo
Vardhamanaya). Another record (No.28) of Harivarman registers
1. It is rather surprising that not a single record of the Kadamba dynasty
states that the great warrior-king Mayoravarman, who defeated the strong
a gift in favour of a Jaina tel]lple (Caity-alayasya
army of the Pallavas and who was anointed as a ruler of a vast territory, puja-samskara-nimittam) and mentions a Sramal'}a-sangha called
performed this sacrifice. Perhaps this may be due to the fact that he Ahiri~ti and a certain Dharmanandyacarya as its superintendent.
continued to remain as a subordinate of the Pallavas inspite of being No.30 of Harivarman states that a certain Mrgesa, son of
accorded the status of an independent ruler. Sirhhasenapati, belonging to the Bharadvaja-gotra, constructed a
 Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas
50

Jaina temple. This would show that the officers also patronised
other faiths.
That Buddhism also received patronage of the Kadamba kings
is attested by the existence of two _records in this vo~ume. The
DavaQagere plates (No.19) of RaVtvarman h~ve a? mvocatory
verse in praise of Sarvuajfia and Sarvvalokanatha (1.e. Buddh_a)
and register some gift of land in favour of a Buddhist
establishment called Siddhayatana and for the growth of the
Sangha (Siddhiiyatana-pujiirttham Sanghasya parivrddhaye). The
GEOGRAPHY
Honnavar plates (No.26) of the tim~ of Ra~ivarman comi:nence
with an invocation to Buddha who 1s descnbed as born m the
family of Suddhodana (jayaty=amita- guT}a-bhrd- J!uddhas=s~ttva- Though it is difficult to fix the exact limits of the kingdom of
samiisrayalJ, Su4._dhodana- kul-odbhutalJ,). The epigraph registers the Kadamba kings, it is possible to indicate the approximate
some grant to Arya-Sangha. . extent of their empire with the help of the geographical data
The above discussion would show that the Kadamba kmgs furnished by their inscriptions. From the Talagunda inscription
exhibited catholic outlook on religious matters in their kingdom (No.4) we learn that Mayuravarman wrested from the Pallavas
and that Jainism received wide patronage and encouragement at the forest area stretching upto the gates of SrTparvata i.e. modern
SrTsaila in the Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh. Eventually,
their hands. the Pallavas anointed him as the ruler of the territory bounded
by the sea on the west (apar-iirrJ,ava) and Prehara or Prehara on
the east. Long ago Kielhorn suggested that this eastern boundary
was probably the river Tungabhadra, though it is not possible to
1
connect this river with Prehara mentioned in the record. This
view is based on the assumption that the eastern boundary of the
Kadamba kingdom was about as distant from Talagunda which
seems to have been their original home or from their main capital
2
city of Vaijayanff or Banavasi as the western see is from them.
Some scholars have suggested that Prehara might represent the
modern rivers Malaprahara (Malaprabha) ·ot Ghataprabha, the
tributaries of the river KnQa. 3 According to N .L.Rao, Prehara
. might represent the form periiru meaning big river standing for
Kr~Qa river. 4 Though the river Kr~Qa is known as p eriiru or
peldore and the river Tungabhadr a as kirudore , the latter is also
called pefdore in some inscriptions. Hence the suggestion of
Kielhorn that Prehara might possibly represent Tuilgabhadra may
be accepted. Some scholars, however, suggest" that Prehar a might
stand for the big Hagari river which runs from south to north
for some distance in Bellary district and which might have formed
the eastern boundary of the territory conceded to Mayuravarman

1. Ep.lnd., Vol.VIII, p.29.

2. Ibid.
3. Karna/aka ltihasa (Kanna<;la), p. 139-42.
4. V.Raghavan Fe/. Vol. pp. 139-42.
 Geography 53
Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas
52
Kan;n:iata in this inscription denotes the entire Kadamba kingdom
by the Pallavas.1 Thus we may conclude that the Kadamba during the time of Santivarman and his nephew Vi~i:iuvarman. It
kingdom extended from the western or Arabjan sea in the west is interesting to note that this epigraph supplies the earliest
upto Tungabhadra river and possibly upto Srisaila in the east epigraphical reference to the word Kan:iata (i.e. Karnataka)
during Mayuravarman's time. And this position seems to have which, however, occurs only once in the records of the Kadamba
been maintained during the period of his successors. dynasty. It is also interesting to note that the word Kuntala is
A Prakrit inscription (No.1) of a certain Kadamba king has
not at all mentioned in any of the records of the Kadamba rulers.
been found at MalavaUi in the Shikarpur taluk of Shimoga district.
In later period, i.e. after the Kadambas, the terms Karnata and
The Kadamba rulers had their main capital city at Vaijayanti or Kuntala denoted wider area which included the whole of the1
modern Banavasi in the Sirsi taluk of North Kanara district. Their Kannac;la-speaking area and the adjoining parts of Mahara~tra.
other capitals were at Palasika or modern Halasige or Halsi in
Belgaum district and at Uchrng1 or modern Uccangidurg in
Bellary district. Another capital was at Triparvata, but its
- Karnataka and Kuntala are used as synonyms in the
Vikramahkadevacarita of Bilhai:ia, the court-poet of the later
Calukya king Vikramaditya VI (1076-1125 A.D.). But the
identification is uncertain. While some scholars suggest that it separate mention of Karnataka and Kuntala in some of the
might represent modern Devagiri in Dharwad district, others2 traditional lists mat indicate that they were originally separate
think that it might represent modern Murgod in Belgaum district. geographical units.
The Birur plates (No.32) register the gift of a village situated in For the purpose of administration, the Kadamba kingdom
Sindhuthaya-ra~tra in which was the river called Kan;iesaka. This was divided into nine divisions or districts called v4aya in their
river has been identified with the modern river Kr~i:ia and inscriptions. They were Mogalur-vi~aya (No.16), Asandi-vi~aya
Sindhuthaya-ra~tra with portions of modern Sindagi taluk in (No.24), Suddikundura-vi~aya (No.27), Mahi~a-vi~aya (No.33),
Bijapur district.') This area seems to have formed the northern Sendraka-vi~aya (No.34, 35 & 41), Vallavi-vi~aya (No.37),
boundary of the Kadamba kingdom. According to the Tagare Panktipura-vi~aya (No.38), Karavannanga-vi~aya (No.39) and
plates (No.42), the king granted a village situated in Tagare-vi~aya (No.42).
Tagare-mahagrama in Tagare-vi~aya which represents the area (1) Mogalnr-vi~aya : In the Nilambur plates of Ravivarman
round about modern Tagare in Hasan district and which appears (No.16), it is stated that the gift-village Multagi was
to have formed the southern boundary of the Kadamba empire. situated in Mogalur-vi~aya. T.A.Gopinatha Rao, who
Thus, the Kadamba kingdom was bounded _!Jythe Bijapur district edited this record, thought that Multagi might represent
in the north, by the Tungabhadra river or SrTsaila in the east, by modern Muttagi which is to the south of Talakac;lu which
the Hasan district in the south and by the Shimoga district and was th~ capital of the Western Gatiga-s? But since this area
western or Arabian sea in the west. was under the control of the Gatigas, Multagi is sought to
The territory ruled by the Kadam ba kings mentioned above
was known as Kan;iataka or Kuntala in early period. The Birur be identified with modern Muttagi in the HarapanahaUi
plates of Vi~i:iuvarman (No.32) describe his paternal uncle taluk of Bellary district and subsequently Mogalur-vi~aya
Santivarman as the lord of the entire territory of Kari:ii:iata i.e. with the area round this district. 4 But there is another
Karnataka (samagra-Karrp'}lifadesa-bhu-vargga-bharttli). As village called Muttagi in the Bagewadi taluk of Bijapur
already pointed out, though this record is regarded as spurious, district which is mentioned as Muttage in an inscription of
its contents may be relied upon. Therefore, the expression
1. The Pai;,.Qarat'lgapalli Grant of the early Ra~trakota king Avidheya (5th
century A.D .) describes the first member as the ruler of Kuntala
1. Cf. Quart. Journ. Myth. Soc., Vol.XL, pp.84-88; Journ. Ep.Soc.Ind., (Manahka-nrpati-friman Kuntalanam- prasasita) : See, Ep. Ind.
Vol.2 (1981), p.8. A river called Prehara is mentioned in Vol.XXXVII, pp.9 ff.
Avantisundar Tkatha of DaQQin as located in the vicinity of Aparanta or 2. Cf. Sue.Sat, pp.215-16 and note. For a detailed discussion about the
northern KotikaQ but this cannot be identified with Prehara of the geographical terms Karnataka and Kuntala, see my articles in Studies in
Tiilagunda record since the Kadamba kingdom did not extend upto that Ind. Place-Names, Vol.11, pp.8 ff.; Vol.IV, pp.127 ff. and Vol.V, pp.104ff.
region. 3. Ep.lnd., Vol.VIII, p.147.
2. Fleet, Dyn. Kan.Dist. (1896), p.285. 4. Karna{akada Arasumanetanaga(u (KannaQa), pp.39-40.
3. Karna/akada Arasumanetanaga(u (KannaQa), 1946, p.38.
 Geography 55
54 Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas

1097 A .D. with its earlier form as Murttage in a record of Mahi~a-vi~aya is the source from which the 1
present Mysore
1079 A.D. 1 Hence, it is more likely that Mu}tagi of the has derived its name. A stone inscription of the Ra~trakuta
Nilambur plates is represented by the modern Muttagi in king Kr~i:i.aIII found at Salotgi in the Indi taluk of Bijapur
the Bijapur district. Consequently, Mogalur-vi~aya may be district and dated 945 A.D. states that the king's minister
identified with the area round Bagewadi in Bijapur district. Narayal).a was an inhabitant of Kaficana-Muduvo}al situated
in Mahi~a-vi~aya. It is difficult to say if this Mahi~a-vi~aya
(2) Asandi-vi~aya : This vi~aya is found in the Kasipura plates is the same as the one mentioned in our record under
or what is better known as Durmaya Grant of Ravivarman study.
(No.24). It is stated that the gift consisted of some land
in Karaflja-grama which is situated in Asandi-vi~aya. Since (5) Sendraka-vi~aya : The Sendraka-vi~aya is found in three
the findspot of the plates was Kasipura in Dav~l).agere taluk inscriptions of our volume, viz. MuC,igere plates of
of Chitradurg district, it was surmised that Asandi-vi~aya Vi~i:tuvarman (No.34), MuQigere plates of Simhavarman
indicated the area round Daval).agere. 2 But Karafija-grama (No.35) and Bei:i.i:i.urplates of Kr~i:tavarman _II (No.41).
may be identified with modern ~arajgi in Haveri taluk of According to the first two plates a place called Asandyalura
Dharwad district in which case Asandi-vi~aya would rep- was situated in Sendraka-vi~aya while in the third inscrip-
tion the village Palmac;ii is stated to have been included in
resent the area round modern Haveri.
this vi~aya. This PalmaQi is the same as modern HalmiQi2
(3) Suddikundiira-vi~aya : This vi~aya is found in the Halsi in the Belur taluk of Hasan district where an inscription
plates of Harivarman (No.27). The record states that the of a certain Kakutstha-Bhattoran refers to the grant of the
king made a gift of the village called Vasuntavataka village PalmaC,i.3 The Sakrepati:ta (Chikmagalur district)
situated in Suddikundura-vi~aya in favour of a Jaina temple plates 4 of the early Pallava king Simhavarman register some
built at Palasika i.e. modern Halasige. Hence gifts in Valvilliagrahara situated in Sendraka-rajya. It has
Suddikundura-vi~aya seems to represent the area near been suggested that Sendraka-vi~aya or Sendraka-rajya 5
modern Halasige in Belgaum district. formed some part of the present Shimoga district. It
(4) Mahi~a-vi~aya : The Perbbata grant of Vi~l).uvarman appears that this vi~aya included some portion of the Hasan
(No.33) states that the king granted the village of Perbbata district also as pointed out above.
situated in Mahi~a-vi~aya when he was camping at KuC,alur.
3 (6) VaUavi-vi~aya : This vi~aya occurs in the Bannahalli plates
In this connection, we may notice a stone inscription found of Kni:tavarman II (No.37). It is stated that the king made
at modern Hebbata in the Srinivaspur taluk of Kolar a gift of the village Kolanalluru situated in VaHavi-vi~aya.
district. This undated record of about the 8th century A.D. Rice has identified Kolanalluru with modern Nalluru near
belongs to Kongai:ti Muttarasar i.e. the Western Ganga4 Cannagiri in Shimoga district. 6 Hence, it appears that the
King Sr"ipuru~a and refers to the place-name Perbbatta area round Cannagiri represented this VaUavi-vi~aya.
i.e. modern Hebbata, the findspot of the record. It is
obvious that this Perbbana is the same as Perbbata of our (7) Patiktipura-vi~aya : Panktipura-vi~aya is mentioned in the
inscription (No.33) which was included in Mahi~a-vi~aya. Kirukuppaturu grant of Kni:tavarman II (No.38) wherein
Hence Mahi~a-vi~aya appears to represent the area round it is stated that the village called Kirukuppatura was
modern Kolar district, though D.C.Sircar suggests that this
1. Ep.lnd. Vol.lV, pp.57 ff.
2 . Mys.Arch. Rep. for 1936, pp.72 ff. and plate.
1. South Ind.Ins., Vol.XI, Pt.2, Nos.141 and 125. 3. This record can be assigned, on palaeographical grounds, to the end of
2. Karniifaka ltihiisa, p.147. the fifth or the beginning of the sixth century A.D., though the editor of
3. K.V.Ramesh, Ins. of West.Gangas, No.60; Mys.Arch.Rep., 1916-17, p.31
the record M.H.Krishna refers it to circa 450 A.D.
and plate. 4. Ep.lnd., Vol.XXXVIII, pp.99 ff.
4. Both R.Narasimhachar and following him K.V.Ramesh read this name as
Perppana. But the printed plate which is clearer in Mys.Arch.Rep. would 5. D.C.Sircar, Sue.Sat., p.244.
6. Ep.Car.,Vol.V,Introd., p.iii; Karnii{akada Arasumanetanaga/u, p.39.
show that this name has to be read as Perbbatta only and not Perppatta.
56 Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas

included in the Paliktipura-vi~aya. The findspot of this

record is Akki-Alur in the Hangal taluk of Dharwad
district. It may be noted, in this connection, that the
Km:itagal).i plates of Ravivarman (No.18) are issued from
Paliktipura which has been duly identified with modern
Hangal in Dharwad district. 1 In the later records, this
place-name Paliktipura appears as Pantipura or
Panthipura 2 which is subsequently replaced by Panuligal
which is the earlier name of modern Hangal.
(8) Karvvanniinga-vi~aya : The name of this vi~aya which
occurs in the Sirsi plates of Krgiavarman II (No.39) was
read bl the editor V.S.Sukthankar as Karvvannac;lga-
vi~aya. This reading has been followed by N.L.Rao and
R.S.Pa-nchamukhi. 4 But a close examination of the fac-
simile would show that the correct reading would be
Karvvannaliga-vi~aya. The findspot of the plates is Ajjibal
in the Sirsi taluk of North Kanara district. The record
registers the gift of a hamlet belonging to the village.
Karvvannaliga has been sought to be identified with TEXT AND SUMMARIES
modern Karuru in Sirsi taluk while Girigac;lc;lehas been
identified with modern Girigac;la in the same taluk. Hence
Karvvannaliga-vi~aya appears to have represented the area
round modern Sirsi in North Kanara district.
(9) Tagare-vi~aya : This vi~aya is mentioned in the Tagare
plates of Bhogivarman (No.42), the findspot of the record
being Tagare in the Belur taluk of Hassan district. The
inscription states that Tagare-mahagrama was included in
Tagare-vi~aya. Hence this vi~aya is said to represent the
area around Belur taluk. 5 As pointed out above, portion
of Sendraka-vi~aya was also located in this area. Hence
both Sendraka-vi~aya and Tagare-v1~aya might be adjoining
each other in the area covered by modern Hassan district.

1. Ep.lnd., Vol.XXXII, p.218. Also see, Journ.Or.Res. (Madras), Vol.XVII,

p.42.
2. Ind.Ant., Vol.X, p.251.
3. Ep.lnd., Vol.XVI, p.271, line 9. But in an editorial note to this article,
H.Krishna Sastri has suggested that this place-name should be read as
Karvvannatiga instead of Karvvanna<;lga.
4. Karnafakada Arasumanetanaga(u, p.39; Karnataka Itihasa, p.147.
5. Ibid.
 No. I: Plate I

MaJavaUi Inscription of a Kadamba king

Provenance: Malavalli, Shikaripur Taluk, Shimoga Dis-

trict, Karnataka State.
Reference: Ep.Carn.Vol.VII, SK.264; Luders' List of
BriihmI Inscriptions, No.1196.
Language: Prakft.
Script: Late BrahmT.
Date: Year 4, Saradpak~a, 2nd day, Rohii:11-nak~atra
(3rd -4th cent. A.D.).

1
Text
1 f-El..S:1-(I I a
~ ~--PIen -l_ l-1ci5q fcx5e.ql '11ll ~1l--P--l-14 6 FU-:ilIf~
irfticflcf ~-11 ~ I P-1 ..chli q {l cfi:.1-4I 01 U"1T F~I q l~ <cP--l-1 u11
l-11--1olHP TIfl -1 6 Ift d)g'rj-1 a"' 0
lj ~ 1q fcH I

2 9.oc1<·d'1fa ~l1c=ct-1qftfi!-ict¾ur "t.R"m ...~ l-lig,<::114f&1d)tj ~

en'Fil(u o I.-ll ·l-P~fiii 14 cnl'fi -8eh"19.~ cfi'1 a -sl-11°I'iiC1F:Hi e1cfii 4
fti f<-1Pl<"d Ill 9.oqlf-i:IaP 111-11
"If:g ~
3 {-11144 F=
criffj·-111< F=
Gf<ll{-11 ~ ~
cfH4~1 " .,,.........;,,-.'1--T-,,....,.
4<'3.~os1" ij,i-<'3.~os1 q;:q~ctl
ij,i-<etS,cfi cla5fq% ~ 1fl Ojet9,cfiQµi8 IelI< ~ 1:@" 7WTI

- 4
~
BT-Elf..S:cfiBoct4ft61{UI RUuf ~1'9,isild ~ 4 {-iocp::.@{ ~
{-1{<4cRc4~ ~ ~ ~ ilH~fulliBA-1<:.a"'cf ~
~ l-161B{UOIl-lci54fcx5e_q
14 I "3"'ffi~ fq ~qcfil-l-fi
5 ~~if cfic.~{!, ;g'tfl--ITTf
fclBBt!, 'qlg,i=IOCf-Elf..s.d f.:Pll-lfqf<d
"'cf 1!:cf~ ~101q4fa ::i111c.-t1.:i~ll-lcfi<l :af-i:la~e:tcfUl

1. From the impressions and photographs.

 61
60 Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas

Fcil9lf4d (1*) ~ ~lct,-11~ ~ Jfl~~IOI (1*)

fflf..S:<½!(1*) ~ (11*)
No.2 : Plate II
Abstract
ChandravaUi Inscription of Mayuravarman
The record commences with the salutation to the lord of
Ma(apa(i Uayati bhagavan Ma(apa(idevalJ,). It states that a certain
Kadamba kin,e who was the ruler of Vaijayantf, granted a number Provenance: Chandravalli (near Chitradurga), Chitradurga
of villages for the enjoyment (deva-bhoga) of the god Taluk, same District, Karnataka State.
Ma(apa(ideva. These villages are named as Somapa((i, B.Rajasekharappa, Kanna<J,aSahitya Pari~at-
Kohginagara, Mariyasa, Karipendula, Muccu1J4'i, Reference:
Patrike (Kanna(ja), Vol.69 (December 1984),
Kunda-MucculJ.<fi, Kappennala, Kunda-tapuka, Ve(akki, Vegura,
Ko1J,a-tapuka, Ekkall'iihara and Saha/a. It is ,stated that this grant pp.1 ff.
was previously made by Vaijayanfipati Sivaskandavarman of Language: Sanskrit mixed with Prakrit.
Manavya-gotra and Hariff-putra and that the Kadamba king Script: Late BrahmT.
renewed it since the ownership of the estate is said to have been Date: Undated. In characters of 4th cent. A.D.
abandoned. The donee was BrahmaI.1a named KausikTputra
Nagadatta of KauI.1c;iinya-gotra who belonged to the
1 1
KoI.1c;iamana-kula. Text
The record has been engraved on the pillar by the engraver
Nagadatta (probably the donee himself) on the orders of the
king.
1 cfi<~I oj 1-1"3_<ct
Afull
2 ~ c.cf1cfid
e; e.
zj'~ <:(~)cqT
3 et H etI ,Etcfi ~ 14f.q('Cj I 1i4 oI ii-.P1l.
..

Abstract
States that Kadamba Mayuravarman renovated a ta!11cand
made it more beautiful. It also mentions that he est_abhshed a
tourist settlement (Vanavasakaril), apparently near thts tank.

1. The inscription of ViJ.1hukula-Cutukulanda-SatakaJV.i which is engraved

above this inscription registers a grant made to Takifidputra Km;u;tamana 1. From the photograph kindly supplied by the Director of Epigraphy and
of KaUJ)Qinya-gotra. after the text in Kan. Siihitya Par. Pat. Vo. 69 .
 Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas 63
62 Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas

s ~ g I q id c:fi~73,ml ~(
q -.,.-cp:-1 fu) 'ft( s*) 1-ma;nfi(fu) ~
B c'-4ocf1-

No. 3 : Plate Ill 9 urt9.u;q1c11fA: (11*) 3lfll 'cflml-( (I) ~~m c:'ffi II~

Third Plate
Halsi Plates of Yuvaraja Kakutsthavarman, Year 80 10 (U)~: (I*) ~ ~ ?:£ (~~)ft,:~~~
Provenance: Halsi, Khanapur Taluk, Belgaum District, ~ (II 2*)
Karnataka State. 11 ~c_-rjj q:i_c_-rjicfT<TI"~~~('{"R) (1*) ~fectcfB~*.ai(ID)uft
Reference: J.F.Fleet: Ind.Ant., Vol.VI, pp.22 ff. and (fur)
plate (No.XX). 12 ~~TI~: II (3 II*) ".-J"I-IT
-;:p:r: II~~ -;p:r: II
Language: Sanskrit.
Metres: Verse 1 Arya; verses 2-3 Anu~fubh.
Script: Southern Box-headed. Abstract
Date: Year 80 (circa 5th cent. A.O.)
Starts with an invocation to Lord Jina. Issued from the
victorious camp Palasika by Kakutsthavarman, the Kadamba
Yuvaraja, during his 80th year, the epigraph records a gift of a
Text1 field called Bad_ovara-k~etra situated in the village of Khefagrama
to the general Srutakirti. The village Khetagrama has been stated
First Plate as belonging to the holy Arhats. The gift is stated to have been
1 -;:p:r: II ~ ·•-.P
I cl I f~ ;'j.-s() 10I <i--S:.::11~ made in order to (spiritully) protect himself
V(T~) (f("CR1l* )i,.fiI<>ful c:fi: (I*) (atmanas = tara1J,-'iirtham).
The year 80 mentioned in the grant has to be counted
2 ~
~,icf£1I ~cl I B c:fi=l
A <ll I qa I cfi,I f~a I ~ 11 (11 I*) probably from the date when Kakutsthavarman was anointed as
"Cf{q - Yuvaraja or from the date of the coronation of the founder of
3
3 ~fct--i1'4Yc-11f~lc:filllll-( \.1'511Blm-tUIT(WT)~ 11 ~ the dynasty Mayiiravarman.

Second Plate : First Side

4 '3,cl{l-:51= ~ ~~-:51f.qcfi
c:fit!.l-<s.il-111-( ~~nf(iai.J
5 B cl Rl
0

<-q JIcl a ll-HfoI 1-( "Beef~a ~I ,(0lll-111-( ~~lcf£1 f.:i fa I :i:-

6 c:fii 0 111-(l¾2.Uli.J .qc:_'lct{ !$£("1-()>8,cichlfJ(ftf)- fHIYdl4 11 ~

Second Plate : Second Side

7 ~lfl-1.-J«il{OII~ ~(-:::c) 11 cfm"f~.-Jf.fa ~cl-~lJ: (11):i:cl·~~l cfT I

1. Read ~ or ~(-q_ lfl~ -

1. From the plates published in Ind.Ant. Vol.VI. 2. This mark of punctuation is superfluous.
2. This mark of punctuation is superfluous. 3. Cf. Fleet, Bomb.Gaz., Vol.l, Pt.II, p.291.
64 Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas 65

2 11 (3• 11) 3l~ ~ f~~1ici ~ fq=q.(<:_1lfl--icl ~1-1°:Scil-( ( 1•)

~~ ~lfhfl9.5Pif~.(olJ1il-iolJlfl~~L( I (11411*)
No.4 : Plate IV fcffcr~ ll ~ I cl ~"ct' ( ~) - "9,a ll I k:!,f-1 ll ct I f-qifcfl~~~'3fl-(
(I•) \.lcl'q-l lcl 111i5f·1')UI Id rcrfl,jcl R-i fL-t..S:If1-1{-ill-141-( 11 (511•)

Ti!agunda Inscription of Sintivarman \.I01cl '! ocf·"r~,cf~ ll -i I -i -61-tH I .:a.( I ci ll L( II ( I)

?IGf62:4 ~41 oqo1»11..s_l(I
31~1 =qI s:).l-l-ll:i:-ll Fecf>l-( ( 116· 11l
Provenance: Tafagunda, Shimoga District, Karnataka 3 -3lfuf~ f..:ifll ft'f~ ct I cl ft ~ ft cH ~ ll I cl -~~.::r__ ( I •)
Reference:
State.
Buhler: Ind. Ant., Vol.XXV, pp.29 ff;
Tt ~ ft 1il4 <~· (e- <afct cfi ~~cfl 4 I < 4 1-( II ( 7• I I )

B.L.Rice :Ep. Carn., Vol. VII, pp.200 ff. ;S,4-ql{cl"ai;l:i:-ll ct<'l«-lHIJ...<.jftll,jR.ll-1:i:-ll 'ctq_ (1•) \.lcl~'a
F.Kielhorn: Ep.Ind., Vol.VIII, pp.24-36. ~~4fct i \.II "1£4ct Rl f~~ 61°11-( 11 (8* 11)
\.1101 Q,cl1i ll If!
D.C.Sircar: Select Inscriptions, Vol.I (1962), cf><~1>i:?l ~ F~-.:r1'i-rj1-t:( 1•) ~ 1-1-9_.i:~1ciffo
pp.450-474. ~ct~Oci~~'ql';;icic!jct: (II 9* II)
Language: Sanskrit.
Metres: Verses 1-24 Matrasamakavise~a or
4 'lJ": m ~ ~ cil.i:~ii-4°11
4~_;;~-1<::1~9.:ll (1•) 3lf't4f,;jpli~ x-
1
\.lcl"=H. f.:.:ift9ci Elfc.cf>i fctcl~II~ ~: II (1011*) "ct';f
Misragal'}agitika; verses 25-26 Pu~pitagra; ver-
ses 27, 30-31, 34 Vasantatilaka; verse 28 4 c--cicl I~ cl ,lf~~';f cfl~';f mitur uf"'f"ct': (I•)
SardiilavikrI<J,ita, verse 29 Mandakranta; verse cf>fci1T1Sf~-- ..h:il ~ l:tl~l~Rtlcicll Fct\.lctl 'lj""ct': (1111•11)
32 Indravajra; verse 33 '],~'cilf-;r B l-~-P11.( I ..S:'il ~11'd l-t'Eifl
f<.11fq "lfR'ct': (I•.)
Da,,<J,akapracitaca,,<J,avegaor Ar,,ava. ~@f(lf...s_i4F< 'TlT~ fc:fi"t:rct":
-qt qt9P-tflict: 11 (1211*)
Script: Southern (Box-headed).
5 1i ~I ft fL-t~61,~111,.j-lj =q{i !.16°11f<< fHl-l'i:0 e.
~ 41fuH I (I•) a ;.cl tf e.1
Date: In Characters of the 5th century A.D.
fctf'5110q1-t1on ~~ 11 (1311•) "lf!S~41<--11;:qffi@l ...s~.1°1i
Text1 ft ~ ft I Fc1F..:if~" ,'ll" ~'J,11 ( 1• l ~'cfrn)( s.n f1-1P-t2.cft
~4oci"ct;.1.i:BT.!3TctTL( 11 (1411*} · 3lITT cfl~~-
fo ..S:1-(~ ( 11•) -i 1i f~ ~I cl Ill II ~"ct' Fc!~c1<(cr)-
S:I01\.1lj,l9 I S:\f) 1'311-t
D:Sci I (( (I*) ~'q)( 4ffi cl ~I oij ~
~tl I ct f..:if-q fl c:fll=fffi <!:-ft-1I ct-1: ( 1•) ~~(ui)fB;,-
c.. B 1j,~ fflcfi F(c1i: 11 (15 11 )
.i:F~1-tfc!~Rcti!J,fcP-t'3'J1c.1'4Fl.1-ta:s-1: 11 (1*11) ~ ~
6 :i;qgfa~I 41.(0fl~Hci:!,f,qxcpn~~"q" ~: ( 1)~61tiJRcll<Sit,:ft
f ~,'Jp;icl .(I ~ 11-1
i.q\1ocf< cl I f<-1 : ( I• ) ll c'\Ift I< 'd I ll a ~
<Sitcicl~l~lftlj,~ "q" 11 (16 11*) 3lf~l:tlllPl<l!! ~
::!,cl-l5P-i 410-t-11 ~ 11 (2*) 11 ~ ~ ~(cf)"9:x
et>I ..:>-'ql
-l{ ~mrf'~ (I• ) ~
fct 611-1
~ 2 ~l\.llJIOJB·cl~l.(-3l..fl'i)cll<=fi--<~ 111711*) 1JfCZr il-1IBPI<
fq~llcil:TI: (I*) 'q"q'@ X cfii;J..cq:g-1Hl ~~i;.-qlj (olJ"'ll-l~F-S:.:1-tl:)
c.. e
~'611"~ ~ ~-icl"a<I ( 1•) 31_14<.:al-l,jl.(llll-llft
:i-3llcf1t·J=tl'tl(~)1TTsw:f: 11 (1811*)
1. From the photograph kindly supplied by the Director of Epigraphy and
after the text in Ep.lnd., Vol.VIII. The text is engraved from bottom to
top.
2. This word is engraved in the left margin between lines one and two.
1. Read ~ 1
 Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas 67
66 Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas
~ 1-1
-i:'4 ~ cfi";f~~fcl a I F-1
7 q~tj.:S:,I ~ ~1F-aiP-11-1i~~ Qcil41.-q4lqN (I*) ~ c. .....

~foac:.1f'Effuf-q.fq1~: 11 (3111*)
t:;I f-1~ ~I 4 li10::[cfuI 4 p..14
S4Gq I Z!,c:rfiit 11 ( 19* 11•) "tj"f>jja Ri< I <. c.

13 4 ~ cl B A.l---l1-1
<1-l tj ti ~I f-tli:i4lil qa 1-1~ ( I•) ~~1J-a)-:
1 -H$1
4 IC11-lI :i:I~ ~ fct i;fi ~ : ( I•) "(,l'ftf ~·--'t:Hi 'J\i
'3._
~-q:i_arn1...s.ill:i:-Bl1-l ..*1't'J,-Sl1-I0('4:~: 11(3211*) ~
c:fi:i:q~~xq~~4a1q_ 11 (2011•) ·1+ij,:('(fJ-t.fqfc--J1?1.ff4c:.
'4 JI cl ell '4 cl 8-11f ~cr~-l{ f B ...S:ilI e1ll
q:i_1ofql~X1dlqf~ ( 1•) ~t:;:i:H1P-l+-4B'i::1:i:01~.P-l4f~
-4p4yq 'er II ( 2111*)
FB ...s_ll1(Tf)~aJt l(&i roFctfi rc1Fct~F-141-161 "1-lc.l'~
I 4{~Y
"' -wor(:•) fi(a~ ~ 1-j~ql~:ezt~:
f<J..41-11~ (1•)
8 ~'61(l EP-?if~H-l lj I?.'i::I:i:0 1I :i:fct-< 6c\-sI +1: ( I•) ~~
14 ~~fm-q :i:c141:edh I f1-IF-1:e~~ "Q"~f'4 ~BI a c:fiuajfc:f-q:
~-;,rq-fcf .:rrnf~ 11 (22 11*) ~
c.
~<t:4f:ilfi ( 1•) ~<lj,{>Bfci~l4£illll~ ~ c:fil.(411-IIB
~en ff q l-l-11 {I ~~11·f"~iff~:
J.IB 1-1 ( I •) ~
-=-r=TO~............-~
...,..,,~,._.....,'""......,'
a-slc:fit.1-j("'ITTI)( 113311*) e1¼1Hi8-l c=r-,~ (~)
(,IO(a B ocf4 o-s~l f(';fi (~ 62.n-rn {( "i_d :fl{,:H:
'i::111-1 ( 11~~ 11•)
cr(~)(1)(:cfi~~ft:rcrq_·~f~1rc1,';ffm '3'.fTfh:~= ( 1• l
fq ~lle1ctiltl: ("CJ)~::441u:fo1fct:i:1(fsirn)~'tl= ( 1•) m
~I I f.:a cl a:f"-;!"-qitocf
:i_~I I B -l (-'4: ~ <P'JtHcl c:fi~l-1 :eLIa ci
< 1-1
B l(.(lj,{o4(~)°4' c:fi<~'.:f;iC'lQ(~)"'J\"(-::i:rT) ~'tlll: 11
Fci (1 {9 11 (3811•)
(2411•)
15 11-11~ "{-~~".(cllfm- ~cfflt (I*) ~
9 ~~ -;!41-lf~afll ~ ~: m2.1a4~11 ~~: "'2~m: ( 1•) "'2~
B ocfB 1-1
.:aI JIell~~: ( I* ) {-cl f«i ~'i.""4" ~ ( I 1• )
~~ ~ "41~ ~ 4{1i;fi1-lci(-(-qq.~1'4")1-.:i-ltll-(11
(2511•) 1:Jfcr-q4 B 1-11.~a ~1-011f~ fo~a lj,'&Tsf~w~i
~ (1•) ~ftrq~UJXcfircf: Q<lcil Abstract
f<::rrcr'61c:fie1l'3;i~le1XQ'J\IN4~ 11 (2611*) , This famous inscription starts with the praise of Stha1:m i.e.
10 ~ Id I flt {>cl 95<£<
'i::11 Jra:ft:i:-11
c.l l-lla:t""'f~::..-q-.-.-n-+f....-q
.....
~"'T":i_.:q.....,,......4"""q,,......,.,R-1......,...,,.e1~
( I•) Siva and records the foundation of Kadamba power by
'q ll n:i:r~wcf"lf l r:i:1'J\e11
e1= cfi~~ Mayursarman. There existed a Brahma:t:ta family belonging to
Manavya-gotra and called Harifiputra, who acquired the name
~f4clf-11-10-se1~ecti"1f-J: 11 (2711*) ~ fct!h~lsf~ Kadamba from the existence of a Kadamba tree near their house.
B 1-4c:fi"'
"?;'11..,...................4' \.I'J\ I q I C1-1l-( cfr;n<i.~~ Mayurasarman of this family went to Pallav'endrapufi (i.e. Kand)
11~1-lcl tJ,f-4:{:i:o.qf~ I ~4 go1l-( (I•) with his teacher Virasarman, to study at the ghafikii of that place.
Because of a quarrel at the time of a horse-sacrifice (asvamedha)
11 lHlJcii:<fM-lj_t:l0:8-J ~: Q~ltl{ ~ "ffJ-[_
~~ "Y"mtj,{Blci where the Brahma:t:tas were not treated with proper respect by
c:fil'.:f;i~ 1-IS4 I ~ lj J(l 1°1I ~~
(l lcil-( 11 (2811•) e:p:-4fckfil.=ct tpe K~atriyas, he became a warrior and taking refuge in
Qfct :e4 g I 4 I il cfT 1-1"
c.
fo a 1-1-1'81 f;rcfc. ffi \.11
crq
...!,
f.:a ( I• ) Sriparvata, he began to harass the Pallava frontier guards and
levied tribute from Brhat-Ba:i:ia and others. The Pallavas having
c'lT""~Tfq t:;a JI a 4T ..-ri-''-r-rr"TT!sil'r-'61
cl I :i:-B1-j,~'tfl:
failed to subdue him crowned him king of the country between
Ql9,:e~IU-jfo.qf..qa4-1,8l ~ ~ Qfct:e4 11 (29 11*) Apariirl'}ava (Western Ocean) and Preharii.
12 -1HI fct'61?..fct01B 1:i:Blj,-c.~~~ "l-lm~.:S::1-l<cl I fB a lfl9,'t~ ( 1•) His son was Kahgavarman, famous in jJattle. His son
0

B Jn a c1c--1F-1-1 e.~~ ~ ~ ~fi· -l I 't-jFa1-1d) ~ "'i::I"'ti:1- Bhag"iratha was the father of Raghu who was a poet and a scholar.
Raghu's brother was Kiikutstha who was like the sun and by
1I (3011*) :I,rnfc:-q,-f~q ~~~ means of rays (daughters) caused the lotuses of Gupta and other
( I•) royal familie;; to bloom in friendliness, eagerness and love. He
came to Sthanakunduru on a hunting expedition ,nd near the
temple of Mahadeva who had been worshipped by Siitakarl'}i and
 Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas 69
68 Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas

others previously, caused ~ big tank to be excavated. His son

who had three crowns was Santivarman. Santivarman caused this
inscription. It was composed by the poet Kubja. No.5 : Plate V

Grant of Mrgesavarman, Year 2

Provenence: Somewhere in old Mysore State, Karnataka.

Reference: G.S. Gai, Ep.lnd., Vol.XXXV, pp.151 ff. and
plates.
Language: Sanskrit.
Metres: Verse 1 Anu~fubh.
Script: Southern (Box-headed).
Date: Regnal year 2, Hemanta 4, DasamT. In char -
acters of the 5th cent. A.D.

Text1
First Plate
1 F.fl..S:t( 11 Fct-.iill ~ -.iill .-f£t11--l(~) ~ I i-l.-P-11
'8:1I f,:p--1 ~ l I 0 1I
2 ::!,..S:"itlc'IIMM'tti{-ll~
1-tl-1&.llPfl51{-ll e;1f1:d) -
3 ~ a
Q fa clj =q~ f q I=l{-ll cfi <MS1
I-1I•1.J
".-ft)
4 ~u-f1-te;1<1-.i1{-ll 0 1:
»i1Fct-.iillf~1c11-t?t~1c1u-f
"

Second Plate : First Side

5 fq-.iilla-.iifllcfi: ~(er)~: fs_,f'i.q: ~l-H1q~:
6 ~<"'4: fuf ~ ~~I 1--tl,:~Hll I::!,';L
olJ f ~ I~ a IP-"lj"fl-{_
1 -q I n Yc1'8 1 n
511'i-,:rr1-fJ
'l--lJ'·t) ,1;-c11
=q1<'8 l-4.:.:t1'l-~( 'l--.qi) (is::
1<-4-
s +-'l'J Iut t"-"lj"fl-{_ u-fall< 1~ en
3-F-c'I lfl :J.ll4 &'lil:
1 :1.fc::1

1. From the plate published in Ep.Ind., Vol.XXXV.

2. This word is written in the margin between lines 1 and 2.
3. There is an unnecessary hook-like mark after -sya .

.-;,• ..- -
- Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas 71
70 Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas

Second Plate : Second Side

9 ~ '41et<14: ~(cf•)fu a1cH'9.@~1~J;t) cl<--t4~"1 -
10 41-a:i:-41:~ -=q '41et<14: ~(cf•)fu ·a1et<et· No.6 : Plate VI
11 9,@ <-'ffi~ ~ 'i cfi,:iF-LtHill 41f~\:P{!,·iHl~ I<(:)
12 'tifq ~...S:N ~ Lt I~et.~ I: ~ cfifq ~ g < H f-1fll : "4"{1,
-A ~ o .q (:) Devagiri Plates of Mrgesavarman, Year 3

Third Plate
Provenance: Devagiri, Haveri Taluk, Dharwad District,
~ l<Is:ii: ~~TI~lcP-l-lY<=aet I.:iIfl-l-w:IT'-~-
13 •t:p•.1::f1-1 Karnataka State.
14 F-1F~-al-£J'ff) Bocf4f<~f{o1 ~~<'4BLl£lrt (1•) Reference: J .F .Fleet : Ind.Ant., Vol. VII, pp.35-37
1s 7:IT(s• )fin:~ "B"~ ( 1• )7:IT ~ "B" (No.XXXVI)
'qqfu 1 :a'di ~=q ( 1• ) ~~m ~
t; 141a cfi~:!5'N
16 1-1 Language: Sanskrit.
Metres: Verses 1-5 Anu~fubh.
11 "CTs:ii"r·~·H*P f<q: ( 1• l ~ ~ "'4'c:T"if~«i fll ~ (fcJ
i:ure:. -q:;(~
Script: Southern.
11(111•) Regnal year 3, Pau~a sarhvatsara, Karttika ba.
Date:
10, Uttarabhadrapada nak~atra. In charac-
Abstract ters of the 5th century A.D.

Records gifts of lands made by king Vijayasiva-Mrgesavarman

to the Brahma1J,asRudrarya and Nandyarya of the Bhargava-gotra Text 1
on the 10th day of the 4th fortnight of Hemanta in the king's
second regnal year.
The gift consisted of two plots of land : one within the limits First Plate
of the village Kogulipoguyapalli which was situated in 1 fB...S:'-( 11 s:ii'4flltff~~,cf=i~I: -«ocf~ u,-: (1•) <Pll~R~ZI -
Antarmalaya-rajya and the other, within the limits of Velpalli and 2 (S•)-;,;m-(s•)+·fl~Hl(-;:r)~Jfhet<: 11 (111•) l<=4f«i fqs:ii'4~s:ii(7.:f•)
Pottara which were also apparently included in the same territorial
unit. The plot of land granted is called pukkolli which appears ~(l{) l<:41F~ ll~I il rt
to be a Dravidian word and which seems to mean 'land irrigated 3 Lt I~ J 101lj...S:il 1aIf'4M'd>H I'-( Lt lrlol.l,(-1lfbl I01I'lt;IRa19?I I0i(ll'fTI-Q
or inundated by water' . 1 4 3l(3lT) ff(lB i gfac:fjcil<:4I...S:ill'4'61~cfiHI(~) B ...S:A-fB<iillrl I("'-()
cfi<~Hi 3-1.-lcfis:ii..l-Jl.flll-
5 9,O.q~~: 3-11t;ct If~aq:i:1-1{>f,=H~-s(ca)°"{f(q: (~:)
41F4a fq 9.<--t
Fct~.;.s:1.:q.q -

1. From the plates published in Ind.Ant., Vol.VII.

2. This letter m seems to have been omitted in the original and the place
left blank in which it should have been written.
1. Cf. Ep.Ind., Vol.XXXV, p.152; D.C.Sircar, Epl.Glossary, p.265.

ll"ifl'••--. -
-
Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas 73
72 Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas

Second Plate : First Side Abstract

6 t;lcfjf41~cfi 9,:p~q:i:(~)q:i:111'?!'J1'1ffi<l4~ 1-i~~<c:1'1f<fl ~ - Records that king Mrgesavarman granted forty nivartanas of
7 ~ ~~11f.-ficp:cfa ..p-1: ~1;1r1~1q{qJ.l-lf ~: :i:1&-1fll land situated in Brihat-Paralnra for anointing the idol with ghee
8 ~ ~ ~ {lqffi{ cfilRfcfiYl{l~§,(."'"14~ c!.~P-411-( and performing ·worship and repairs in the Caityalaya. Also
records a gift, by the king, of a field measuring four nivartanas,
9 ftr2it~(-q,-)~ ~ai5f~6c'Y:i:tj__):f~c::~1qfo1-1~2.qft";1 e~ - and a field measuring one nivartana outside the Caitya-hall for
0

10 tjl{>tj.(lfl'l.."?:T: q:i_y1~€_ct·
1---~: {i 1-tl'::fl--tl4(941l'l-~- the purpose of decorating the idol with flowers. The grant is
dated in the third year of the king's reign, Paw;a samvatsara, 10th
Second Plate : Second Side lunar day in the dark fortnight of the month Klirttika,
11 Yf~YI~ !llYl4{f<f1q'4iJl«lYl'I-~ {IZllYl~-1 tjfcllil'.~1f.::::iq:J-1 Uttarli-Bhlidrapada nak~atra.
The charter was written by Dlimak"irti-Bhojaka.
~ -
' . tj fcl
12 ~
c.
I~
"'
K ~ ' F-1q :J:::i -~"'q ~
-=-q~f,!.IC'TTT'-:1
('rj=""'"'4""T"'fll"TT
~: ~ F-1q :J=-i
TIIT("&IT)~
13 e_q~ciflll~·+:,.tj ~ f-1q:J-1£:iq ,(-loqqft61{S,'ffi c!,ftql--(
14 Y 61 :i:1-.:i1: ( 11•) (.1)~'eJ"l-I-lfw ( s•) ~~
<-11("<:fl) ~
q.:,.=qy6141c'tcfi{l.S,'tt>'I~
15 "'4T(
s• )-p::rrf'4"ifarm ~ ~ ( 11•) ~ "tj" ( 1•)

~~m~

Third Plate
16 UZlll'ilf{Pl{lf<f,q : ( I*) ~~-.q·"c!.-P!fi,: ~~~~(~
( 11211•) fcl <ft 11-("t:R('c!.')~(zj) err
11 <it m cf"f[~(UtQ ( 1•) lfftt qtf{i6B41fo1 ~ ~ g; ~:
( 11311•) d."!F-i!.(d m'4~
1s ~~ qftq1f&ia(cP={..) ( 1•) ~ ~ f-1q:J.:a qoci':i:1-.:i1cfia1f.-l"cl'
"' c.
(11411*) fcl--<ltl
19 ...... ~ lcl y ....q1~..f
«~y~t:;~aj~cf'-1......;· (~ ( I•) c:r:=r'cIT ~ ir@
c!.l-11~~lj41ci-1'(~ ( 11511*)
20 I fu.:fchllf
1R11't:.I c!.I Y 6 ti'lf ~ 'if!Zllcfi-1 f ci f{cJft .tj q f~cfi I ( I I• ) ~
fsfl F-s.:i:{1 ( 11.)

1. Fleet reads ~ and corrects into "Ef'S2"

~ 'q_
2. Probably wh~t is intended is "'4g,f-f°c1.J-1
3. This ~ord is f~llo~ed by a ?'1ark, which resembles the letter fa, but the
meamng of which 1s not obvious. It may have been engraved by mistake.

r '•iJ•• --- -
 75
74 Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas

Second Plate : Second Side

10 q("cfi(i5W-r: c:aft°ct'aJUT-
-1llfq-ill1i~i<:.1: ~ -
11 et If4aq:cJ.t<-s(°G)~: d < 1-a~f..s.~ dictl di<"lll' IB J.l.1---i:
No. 7 : Plate VII c.

12 'tl'i t fa B Y.(B ~ 2. ~-.ii ci1<:.14-l Ii;fi 'i Icl I'-<1fq 9,

~
13 8 ~ cl di: B R-li:N-.ilI41<:.1-1q .(: ~<-q..........,-.il,....,-1'""'~,....,lj,l"'T"<:::r·
-
Devagiri Plates of Mrgesavarman, Year 4
14 ct-19~ll4-1 ~I ~11~: e.c:1Fs.-.il:1,<t>B
j~'i-"'lj":7IT11.-

Provenance: Devagiri, Haveri Taluk, Dharwad District, Third Plate : First Side
Karnataka State. 15 P-1
f6:co ll ~I ll-i 1=.::.g
l<--1I.-.-tIf<~ cfifcpl-
Reference: K.T.Telang: JBBRAS, Vol.XXI, pp.300 ff.;
g < H f--1<"'4: fq ~~~
J.F.Fleet: Ind.Ant., Vol.VII, pp.37-38 (No.
16 ("lq-.il-1BI Y l-<ilq-g,;s.ttY HY t Ifq-qq: 3-li f< cfiI<:.1
XXXVII) and plate.
Language: Sanskrit. 17 :Cl-.il1=ct
1::!,B1ft l4a.fYtl:Ci-.i!Xc:f,<~ Hi ~I fq-.il ll
Metre: Verse 1 An~fubh. 18 f~I cl "j r1~Icl W-JfcfiI<:.1ct'¥j·1UI 1i "f-{m fer~ -c;~-a~c1-,~"l
( 11*)
Script: Southern, Box-headed.
Date: Year 4, Var~apak~a 8, Tithi Paun:iamas1 (In Third Plate : Second Side
characters of 5th cent. A.D.). 19 ~ q ocfY t:f=r::.g
I<:.1 ~ H f--1cl If ~ -i-"'lj":
Iq .(Y 9,&:fi<:.1
"'
~ -qpf:
20 -q,1c1<t:f...Yt1f'51)i~e.c1a1't-"'l!":
21 fs.e1141( s•) ~M 'tl-iB ;.c;:a.fcfi.(OI
q.(,!?-l ...,~.,;,cl,-::arrqr-:12.n-yT.t:rr,
~-
Text1 22 ~ ~d't lll f;n:r~~yo1 B·~1
First Plate 23 ~I' ii£!fa ( I•) ~ ~~ <
cl 9_-.il
I ~tq"""f <t>
~"--~"cl
......

1 f~ ;.c;:'"{_11 fq ,.iP-l~ -.il--f'£1

I'"((~) <-q If,-PHH fl -1YI~' I01(UfT):J;~
Fourth Plate
(~)m-
2 f'i-1Mm -1?-lY H olHP TI54-1?-lt , fhft 9,54-1?-lg Facl;!a-
24 <cl cfia.f cfi:C·P -1fc;fill i9 cl'd-1 I
1 i(;.Ic-~ ( I• ) Q,ae_c:1·
25 ~ 'l!T(S•)fci:p:arfu
;:;q1£1<:.1es>~ "°B' dN1<:.1'1lT-
3 ~~-.rn Far~·
"cl~ f q I.((Tf*)"-1?-l" ii4H i cfi< ~ I-1i l4 a.f Y t I.(I-.ii
26 n-lcfftf (I*) 'llTfq.-tl~il.!Rl 4-=>-"c!Ytl4ldcfiB.'9fal 'lT<mf(II*)
~lfq-.illlf~icP;!
4 "-1?-l" i'p~1c1a.fo1: fq-.ill!l'3,:Cllllii~c1di-
21 3-a:;-:.-"cl(I•) ~m :J.ttiT
~'l'.f~-~-PFllf<f-4= (1•) ~ ~

Second Plate : First Side 28 <:RT -qf~ «-1-1?-l~ ~ ~ 11 ( 111•) ·-Rei:Cfl-1Iq fa -1I f(."ifo=ld
I
"'
5 9 cl ;t-1 cfi.(: B i=-oq (1-cf)~: ~~: cf"'ffqa;T: ~: Tiff~: ( 11•)
6 4iuufy I«1 (I•) ~ cfi-.il...Y
.&Hll I::!,'3._ollf i .flll 41f~a fq 9,<:.19.-
7. 0 ~ Y I~ c:1·
ll fch ...'tf: 'tlfq l{),;,c;:fq ~ I: ~'i-1ll ~1cfiR.ill f6 a
8 cfi.(l)icfi~II~ ,4afcl fq ~ l-1fq cl("'cl'•)-1fq f--1fq ~ fq ~I I(cfii; I.('"I fa:
9 t,E-flHclllltOIQt.(Ullfc.~ ol!llllf,.p,fi,~ ~ 'l!"~-

1. From the plates published in Ind.Ant., Vol.VII. 1. Between the letters~ and :i; an unnecessary ~ is engraved and then erased.
76 Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas 77
Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas

Abstract
Records that the king Mrgesavarman, divided the village of
Kiilavangii into three portions and granted them as follows: No.8 : Plate VIII
1. One share was given to holy Arhat Mahiijinendra.
2. One share was given for the enjoyment of the sect of
ascetics called Svetapafa, and Hosanagara Plates of Mrgesavarman, Year 6
3. The third share was granted for the enjoyment of the sect
of ascetics called Nirgrantha.
The charter was written by Seniipati Naravara. Provenance: Hosanagara, Hosanagara Taluk, Shimoga Dis-
trict, Karnataka State.
Reference: S.H.Ritti and K.V.Ramesh Ep.lnd.,
Vol.XL, pp. 109 ff.
Language: Sanskrit.
Metre: Verse 1 and 2 Anusfubh.
Script: Southern, Box-headed.
Date: Regnal year 6, 4th pak~a of Hemanta,
Paun:iamasT. (In characters of the 5th cent.
A.D.)

1
Text
First Plate
1 f'~ (i*) ~~ (I*) ~'J14-f41l-(_ (I*) ~IP-ll-i~iil-1
l-i 1~ i I a 11::1,
·t:zm11R-tR:l-a,¼ "'l-l"r:l-
2 o4 lPlbH-4 ~ I ft d)9,-31 ¼ \.Ifac:lja~ I -ai--I4~'i':1-'cl.+f~q( "ll* ) ~
,....I.(

3 3-11f <cfi I c:-P:

1-J1N\,1FaF<S4 ¼ 3Tif~ a -J1-11l-<s4
l-<s4 H i cfi c.l-<s4 Hi
4 "e1a.fl-i6ili-J1¼ »ftfq-J14lji"i~lcla.f 0 1: l-lc:IR« 1:f§ %l-i~I

Second Plate : First Side

5 0)1:f(~)~~ fu~ 4loofl-il¼i 3H41::!,'3-ollf'..icfi-J1..J-jH1ll4if4a-
6 fqgc:1fqf~ll:!i(P:)go4,(-cf-i~: ~cfilP-l:Cfq,,jjlf1 ~-
7 cjil-iicl iRfcl ~llcifcl'*-1~ ~c:1£4
(:) lP·<-lcfi..__\.l'J1141C'.
\ -1C:~(:)
8 ll ocf,ilq ~ -~: e.:q f~ 1{:i'qttj: .... ~

- 1. From the plates published in Ep.lnd.h Vol.X~. . t r

2. Expressed by a symbol engraved in t i:tjmargm agams me 2 .
3. The Jost letters may be restored as ~ ct~Ri"'' cfic.kll-ii"( 1
 79
78 Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas

Second Plate : Second Side

9 -'d)f c:Fil4 f~ I cP;1?1~ I cp:i:f Lt€!F(I -ii : Lt€!I cfi l<1cfi Lt-af "ff ( firor) ~
10 ·ft,M i;4a c:51(~) rcfl'\'.J'
.tcfi l<1cfi Ltfll ( ~) "tfr.-%1
I~ <"a ( ~) ~ I @ 0 114 No.9: Plate IX
'4I<;.l-iil-
'l-l"<faJUf Hitna Hebbagilu Plates of Mrgesavarman, Year 7
11 7:f -1P1l<::41P-1Zll-lq1..ft4q1d
12 <"acll-=( ( I*) "tjT(s•)~'llUPJ"ffi
qft&al-locfqft€!1<(l:[J
~ ~ ( I*) 3ffi-:,.'q
.
( I•)
Provenance: Hitna Hebbagilu village in PeriyapatQa, Hun-
sur Taluk, Mysore District, Karnataka State.
Third Plate B.L.Rice : Ep.Carn., Vol.IV,
Reference:
13 [~-qcf ] ~m 'g(mT ~)Tf"UR" (fcq:) (I*) ~ ~ 7:f"<T'i Hunsur 18; Revised edn. Periyapatna 49 and
(~)- pl. pp.532-34, plates XX & XXI.
14 ~ ~ cT<T q:;(--IP-l(l:[J (II 1 II*) (~•)fu (I*) 3-IQ€!"af~ ~ Language: Sanskrit.
q -:,.tjLt€!I q I a cfi l-1.'9,'dil ( -qcr) - Metres: Verse 1 Aryli; Verses 2 and 4 Anustubh; Verse
15 fu ( I*) 3lftJ "'q ( I*) ~(~) <"a I 1-ll{<"a i (cfT*) -tjf m "cf1[~(Ull) Script:
3 Upajliti.
Southern Box-headed.
( I • ) lffi:t "cfl':f- Regnal year 7, Margasira, su.10 (circa 5th
Date:
16 l-1€!~Ifbl ~~TI~(:) (11211*) ~ -'d)cf-i1f-tlcf{OI Fe1R9flfo cent. A.D.)
( 11*)
Text 1
First Plate
Abstract
1 fB..&L( 11 ~ t!,<l~p-1~2.(,lfbifoc1'1fulfcfi,(Ul{9f-q(dtj{Ui'9,ll:)
Records the grant, made by the king ( I•)
Vijayasiva-Mrgesavarman, of six nivarttanas of land belonging to
Priyavrata and situated in the middle of Mahli-Kaytaka and
2 <U:ScfiYO:Scj,€!«'1 X 4{](,lq{ll-l~l ~ 11 1fl I*) l<=4f@ Fct-iill~\31

another six nivarttanas of land belonging to Mandhatr situated in 3 4 .-fll 11-(l<::4I F-1 ~ J IOII ::!,~f'4
Lt€!1i\ -11-11 Mffi ¼ 1-1
H 4
0

Kiru-Kaytaka, to the BrahmaJ).a Nagasvamin of the 4 l-1ii'b1¼ €!1F.i:d'l~:fst¼ gfactjal<::41e:t14=q:3fq1<(Tf*)~

Bharadvaja-gotra.
The charter was issued on the full moon day of the fourth Second Plate : First Side
pak~a of Hemanta in the sixth year of the reign of 0
Vijayasiva-M rgesavarman. 5 cfi<J..s4HIJ.{_'t=.P-4Y€!1<1-ii¼ »nfct-i14f~lcP;1r'l~lclJ.i.f 1 (:)
The record was written by Kfrttivara. 6 tjqR-f{ ~ .:r("l-J"T)
nYf~l<YlfB ~a:i<~P-411-l-141:!,
7 "Qo4f 3-1?icfi-il ;.y H'l ll q I f~ a Fct9,ci f ct f~ 11!!go4 ~ ~ ( : )
8 ~ BY.(tjcfic! ~-ii~ci4<1'*11-llctl4("H)fct~llci

1. This is Dravidian ,u. 1. From the plates published in E_p.

Carn., :rised edn. Vo I.IV·
2. Better read <IT~ 2. This word is written between Imes 1 an .
--
80 Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas 81
Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas

Second Plate : Second Side Abstract

8 ~: fP-<M-i..._\.1'1!141c-H<aJ:
{-locf-51')q~~: Records a gift of viJlage Kirunfrilli to Sarvasviimin! ·son of
10 t!.cl f i;::'1!:J.'6 ~ '1!-1I.,_ll:d-1q <:
\.11 f ~ cl1.'1-lfl'1!*.=i Piilgalasvamin, an Atharvai:ii-Brahmai:ia, belongmg to
~ eh' TI{-16 *.=i-1cl ~ ::ii6 <:1titfu O Icl :J.:fl UI1-Jf6 <o ll I:=-=t
11 1-J Ifc:. Aupagahanisa-gotra, and learned in the Veda and Vedailga. The
donor was the Dharmamahiiriija Srf Vijayasiva-Mrgesavarman.
12 ~ehfctl=-l\.l<Hf-1fll: ~"l'fi!R ~ ~: ~~ The grant was made in the 7th year of his reign, 10th day of the
bright fortnight of the month Margasira.
Third Plate : First Side The record was written by Kirtivara.
13 {-1fllq l<"l fct6u.J.Rcl ii4©Ulj: ~ fct'1l llf~lq ~ ?1~(q u:fqt:tj-
14 1-Jt51<1'1!=
ii4r©u11ll 3lT~oci'fo1eh1ll 3-flqi1t5f.:l{-lifl
15 W1 cli:!.cl
i:!.l1t·fc1e. F-11t·e=t
fcl If'49,::iilll {-loc(fcl 1P-1~
16 ~ .:flRf ffi UI1-J'{_ {-1q I.:ftll q Ia l-(_~aJUT'l. ii4© t!.ll -
iCfi'\J'

Third Plate : Second Side

11 {-11-J \.Icl~11-J
2H 31'1-12. .:ax eh<fc1Feeh A.IRi! a -
( I*) ~( S*) ~'lTI:TanIT "fr a ~o ll q:;<:1'i-JT-
18 4if1 (Cfi12. l-(_<-a cl 11.._
19 nl<:fftf 11 3lftJ ~ ~6l-PAa ~c.1"1eh=11 qoci'<-a,f.:g: (~ ft)~'L-""lfT
"'
20 ll MIS::~ ~"l'fi!R (I*) 1-Jefll-l-h=ft
1-Ja i mir <HI '4} '41(S*) j,41 <:1-1'{_ 11
(211*)

Fourth Plate
21 ~~ <I1-JJ fta ~ c.-1"1 eh: 11 ll Hl 6 < H If-1 g;<T.,"'{~~-a If-1 qJ-1-jf-~ -
22 f::1,ll
fcf-i<IfoI ( I* ) l,.p:-1-j "j q J ft<cl I~ 1-Jll Ic:.q:j,~ Id q:;<:1If-1 mf;:r 11
'611
(3 II*)~
23 ~ ( S* ) Iq 6 -a f "fr
f.!.-1 ~-a;) '1-tcl (';j,m ~=q ( I*)
q ~=q1-J6 Iq Id eh{-1.
~~m-
24 ~ 't[zj''l-jflili.(lfc:.f'!f: (I*) ~ ~ ~ ~P-lfdf.!.-1 ~ o<T
4-ici P:ifa((1l-(_ II 4 II ~) cfilf--cf
q):
a I q f~ehI I ~
P.cl
25 U'f f<--t

1. This is Dravidian ,u.

2. Read 3M 'q_
3. This is written at the end of the line.
 Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas 83
82 Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas
8 ~ ~ tl{C'i.!41~.flya: ~= "c:.f8:lU@: ~~-
fc:1<'311
9 ~ ~: 'ffif: a 4 -0:Pl'ffif: cfi4
q cx::f r~ ~ ~ 1iC'1'"l ITTf: a c:.cfiq ( ~
10 -qi'~: eta O I H <1'ffif: q C'1q tfi41 B1J...-jI '"( ~: a <cfiq ~
No. 10 : Plate X
Third Plate : First Side
Hiresakuna Plates of Mrgesavarman, Regnal Year 8 11 cfi c:.~ ~<1;(C'i~ ~ I.:a<I.:a: cfi I-scfi1 <B 1;(C'if.4 'ffif: a4 ~
q cx::f
12 'ffif: 3 c:.cfi B fi·4 '"( Q,aI C4..l-1IS4c:.*1
C4I{_ <:i I UI 4 ~
13 ~ -mcrutcfl(qf ~ocfqf1:~i<-:,,'ci ~c:.Ycl:ii-:,,'ci <-IT
Provenance: Hiresakuna, Shimoga District, Karnataka c.

State. 14 T'lTI:arftf ~ 'ffil "tf("Cfi)(~) ( s• l 'lWfi,<q(n:f)'cf@ <-11 (s•) ~ ~

Reference: B.L.Rice : Ep.Carn., Vol.VIII, Sb.33 and 4 ~ 141a cfiB. g-
q-:,,=q
Plates.
Language: Sanskrit. Third Plate : Second Side
Metre: Verses 1-2 Anu~tubh. 15 ~ 'q'cf'@ ( I*) 3'fu-:,,'q ( I*) ~'tTT 'gmT U'31f'i-lUPl<lfc.f'4:
Script: Southern, Box-headed. ( I•)
Date: Regnal year 8, Vaisakha Pun:iima (circa 5th
16 ~~<:RT ';!_P-l«il-4 ~ cfc:.T'tfi'C'1"l-{_
II (lll*)~feq'4~-
century A.D.).
17 ~(:;ljfuj ~ ~: ( I*) 3-11~ 'cil:j,4.:al "'q dl..llq

Text' 18 -.:n:cfi~II (211*)

First Plate
1 {<::I rw fq '31.q~ '31.q..fll I '-l. {<::11
P-P-rn ~ J I O 11j,
I ii •P-11 Abstract
2 ~<q &HP TI~
M'ffiH I '-( 1-1!'"-I I oii'-( ~ I fhi'l g;~I ( urrq)
3 Yfac:fja{ql6!.llll·ca:1fq1:c11i.:t1'-( cfic:.~Hl'-l.
Records the grant of the village Kadara-ka{ani with lands to
Kratusomasarman of the Gautama-gotra by the king
31Tf~a1~1.:t1'"( ~ Mrgesavarman, in his 8th regnal year, Vaisakha PiinJ,ima.
Second Plate : First Side
4 ~ 4 6=tiI1i~ N .qa .:t.qqa : m~ fl :ecH cP-4f ~-H '41:j,';loll f
5 {qcl'31P-lffi ~2 1-H:i.C4Rf{ &:iilcfi(tcf)~fuof41¼i'"( ~'ic:.cfi-
6 ~ ~~ afoo1f<a~C'iY~a1-1i cfilc:.ifi...q1f~

1. From the plates published in Ep. Carn., Vol.VIII.

2. Read 3TIPJHl"Hl"'4H1Lf..
3. Read~.
4. This is Dravidian ra.
5. This is Dravidian Ja.
84 Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas 85

No.11 : Plate XI Second Plate : Second Side

9 c:fii-1.f.!.H-qi f-.il-1i<:1l.ll-( (II) (6 ii*) 53ft fct'5ll.14<:1if~lc:fill.lil-(
Halsi Plates of Mrgesavarman, Year 8 .q1qf-1(-;ft) .qf-1 a~-
10 c:fiH 11-( (<:I 21'5l f.q ifi ~ 21~II ldl ~ cl M<c:fiI H:fc:fi 4~a of l-1I ¼ i l-(
11 -i:mJ~ ~'l.c:r m ~fftoA{l-ijl-1I(( :i:1-sil-11~., ~(-z:r)ni
Provenance: Halsi, Khanapur Taluk, Belgaum District, (fa) cl"d-1
s,~I f.::.:i
Karnataka State.
12 ~ fct -si.q21-si.q~ f-1cl 1,€fl c."acl 1--(~'l-"'l.11 ( S) ~'l--.q-: ( I ) a 5tI~ fH: I
Reference: J.F.Fleet : Ind.Ant., Vol.VI, pp.24-25,
No.XXI and Plates.
Third Plate
Language: Sanskrit.
Metres: " Verse 1 Arya; Verses 2-8 Anu~fubh. 13 c.11-tc:filHf ~: f-.:il.q~~i~:fffic:fi: ~ocf¼lj,igiaI ~ (II) 3ITT"q
Script: Southern, Box-headed. 14 "3cffi1-(_(I) ~~m ~ ~: ~ ~ "l:f"<T
Date: Regnal year 8, Vaisakha sarhvatsara, Karttika 15 ~: ~' ~ ~ ~ ( 11l (111·> (<:lc.:.aI(m } q:cc::.a1(ml
Paun:ia-masi. In characters of the 5th cent. cfTq_(cfT) ~~~-
A.D.
16 ~ (I*) tjfucl~~6~1ful ~""ff~ (II*) (8 II*)
fflf.;,c;:<~ 11
1
Text
First Plate Abstract
1. (<:lf«i (II) ~' 1·Plclif...::Ji(m)~ :!Ol(c-~: ,;rf~ 4.(l-lc:fil{>fujc:f,:
Records the construction of a Jain temple caused to be built
(I)~ ci'tcfll I ~cl I {l c:fi:(l
at Palasikli by the Kadamba king "4rgesa d\lr.ing his eighth regnal
2 C..q I qa I c:fil
f~a I ~ 11 ( 111*) c:fic.~ '.:f>
c-·\{l
(ei,di: %"ffi9,01!c:f,{i. - year for the benefit of his father Santivarman, and also records
3 1l<'ft{_ ( I*) -i'tc:fil'.:fi~-1{~¼ ~: 11 (2 11*) -~,fh11f.-ac1<- a grant of land after conquering the Gan.gas and Pallavas.
4 clJ.4fa ~ <1-ilcl~l ..cH: ( I*) ~ c1f-1aicfjl2i
The gift-land which consisted of 33 nivartanas from the river
Mlitrsarit upto the sacred confluence of rivers called
lhgi1fi-sahgama was made for the purpose of supporting the
Second Plate : First Side Kurchakas who are naked religious mendicants.
5 ~ (9"~f~tjC.::JJ6it( ( 11) (3 11*) afffi.q~§a-1.q: ~l-1c. r1~i-1<1f~: _ Dlimakirti-Bhojaka was ajiiapti and Jiyanta was the
( I•) Ayuktaka.
6 ~1~ c:fi~-P-lffcFil £ft fs_-si{l I l-1~ 13._f-.ii
a: ( 11) ( 4 11•) l,cql 'c."R<fts:,J01I l-(
7 l-161'-h<:1 P-nncl "l:f: (I) ~ -q.qc;fts:_l(sCT)ftf ~'l-"'l.11( S)(;ro(-;::J.f)~
( 11) (5 11*)

1. From the plates published in Ind.Ant. Vol.VI. 1. Read wcmw-1.

 )
87
Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas
86 Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas
Abstract
This fragmentary record commences with the word Siddham
and. invokes god Vi~QU. The next verse offers obeisance to lord
No.12 : Plate XII Vi~nu who is described as Jyotirmaya, the creator of the Universe,
and. one having several forms, lord of both the immovable and
the movable. Then it mentions the king Kakutsthavarman and his
Banavisi Inscription of Mrgesavarman son Santivarman. The king Santivarman is described here as
RarJ,abhima. After this king his son and successor Mrgesavarman
is mentioned who conquered the powerful Gahgas and Pallavas.
Provenance: Banavasi, Karwar District, Karnataka State.
B.R.Gopal: (P.B. Desai Felicitation Volume) The record is not dated.
Reference:
Studies in Indian History and Culture, pp.57
ff.
Language: Sanskrit.
Metre: Metre : 1 to 5 Upajati.
Script: Southern, Box-headed.
Date: Undated. In characters of the 5th century
A .D.

Text 1
1. f-8o&:'lI (-C4f«i ( I I • ) ~ 'i-PI cHl I ( I •) ~1 fc-p-f
.tj c!i :ff( o zj
i}'H;lfc:1
FcncHZI cfitiT:i::l-lrlcfi~tj(~ ( 1•) ~ ~Ic:1:i::-5l1t·J-tl-1I'{_
fq 6Llj,...:t
( mj <
1) l-1f<-1IP-l fl cfi ftj (~: I I ) ( 11 I• )
2. ~IR6!jfc.fllfc.*11fY cfi<i..qci~I ~ ~: (I*)~~
~~q ~, cl I ~f~&rT S ,;rf~"Q''ql"q: II (211•) ~~
"· ... ~i~llf
9,~i'Y,'5l45H~: " f ~--
...~ic:11-J-t ~
(1) ....... .
3. ~: ~Tl~lcfil-l-lTR~Tl~ f--1~'{_ 11 (311*) cfil->~"p~c:1:i::t~l-5l.!.l*ll~ ".!.11"
~ ~ g'.1il-l<lc:t84 (ll"l) (I*) ~~cfi€Fl-<"ll~c:14c!.lfa(".!.11")'£i
~1a1A-1 .......... ( 11 4 11•)
4. ~ I -5l...Ltfl M f->-i:lfl S, X ~m (~'tffll) ( I • ) ~~ q ff1 cl qt f~
~ :i::Il-l 8-1 ~( ~)er Ul-f: 11 (511•) qntri.. ......
5. ~ ~ q;:.:ii·,~: ..... ~ ......... ..

1. From the text published in P.B.Desai Fel.Vol.

2. This may be restored as (~l.
-
88 Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas 89
Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas

Dharmamahlirlija, sprung from the renowned Kadamba fami~y,

and the mother of Ravivarma-Dharmamaharaja. She was daily
praised by thousands of BrahmaQas born in high families, well
No. 13 : Plate XIII versed in the Vedas, Vedangas, ltihasas, PuraQas and numerous
Dharmasastras, devoted to the practice of yama and niyama and
engaged in the performance of the rites prescribed for them.
TaJagunda Stone Inscription of the time of
Mrgesavarman and queen Prabhavafi

Provenance: TaJagunda, Shikarpur Taluk, Shimoga Dis-

trict, Karnataka State.
Reference: R.Narasimhachar : Mys.Arch.Rep., 1911,
p.35, plate IV, No.2.
Language: Sanskrit.
Script: Southern, Box-headed.
Date: Not dated. In characters of 5th century A.D.

Text 1
1 4;-ch«i
I'=; (
11 )
3 fp <a"F:If c;a cfi ll --cfi ll ~ .,...,Llr-:::,~....,I
~,....--ci~\.l,...,.~~a~I
~("iT) ~ um
fq-(olJ I ocfic. i;q ~ =
2 ~~ ~T(~lclw:f~Lt~l{l-:ilf~'!fru:rf ~ -ITT (~)-
fclcl J.lf'61
ufy €?1-(1-
3 ~ '-t I ctl ~~< o Lt ~ I~ "ci"~~: itc:it~fa ~ I ,!;-l9,-lI U I I ~ cf)
~uf~iif>;l4j-(?):
4 ll Lt f,-ftl t7J:,!;-c:Icfi uf f.-dc'J:,!;-l~ ¾=l,!;-l{0~ f~~:
0

,!;-l«,l ll Lt I '1 I~
0

Lt 4-ll ll f.n:tj

Abstract
This incomplete record reads from the bottom upwards and
seems to record some grant by Mrgesavarman's queen. The details
mentioned about her are as follows:-
S1:e ~as born in the noble Kaikeya family, her name being
Prabhavati. She was the beloved wife of Mrgesavarma-

1. After !h_e text published in Mys.Arch.Rep., 1911.

2. Read~ -
3. Stops here abruptly.
90 Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas 91
Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas

9 ~ ~: cf;<fc:1R<!.
("1"tc)cfi("?:{) et,;Fuso .q
to (-1 in311.q c!.*11::!/-tl
i 11ll 71 tl .q(-1~ l-iHW)
f--a
No.14 : Plate XIV 11 ft iJI <cl ~ pif iJI Ltl<et,<·fH I l-1 ~
'i:-.11
12 {1'31l-ll~-i ~ C:(~)~
Fci~1Faf.:1c1=J-1 ( I*)

Kn\Jgere Plates of Vijaya Siva Third Plate

Mandhatrvarman, Year 2 13 l;ll-llc!.I('( 3l'£P·l-lT~I <TI~~ -U -q-[(-a-cfi)~·,g,'dil
14 'q"cffu (I*\) d m~'t:1(I•) '8:1c!.*1i ~(m) cfT I~ <:ffm(-a-)
Provenance: Kuc;tgere, Shikaripur Ta]uk, Shimoga District, ~~ (I*)
Karnataka State. 15 l:ffti(f1i) qtf~6ttlfbl ~~TI -u: II (111*) <:f[sµf
Reference: F.Kie1horn, Ep.Ind., Vo1.VI, pp.12 ff. 16 3Tfcqrj"'aJm-u ~--- (1•) dm~'i:-.1 (1•) ~~m cgmr
Language: Sanskrit.
17 ~-q: (I*)~~~~:' ~~ctelllic:1(1={)
Metre: Verses 1-2 Anu~fubh.
Script: Southern , Box-headed. II (211*)
Date: Regna1 year 2, Vaisakha su.15 . In characters 18cc::r
1:rr) c:::i:c::-~-H
{6~ If~ Fci f{tj{i;tj qfgcf,I II
of about the fifth century A.D.
Abstract
Text 1 Issued from Vaijayanti, the inscription registers a grant, made
by the king Vijaya-Siva-Mlindhiitrvarman, of some ]and caHed
ModekaranT, situated in the Ko(lila vi11age and measuring twenty
First Plate
nivarttanas. The donee was the spiritua] teacher (datt-linuyoga)
1 fo ..s.1{_, 5£1
rc:1'3j .q a '3j i:u '31:
ll .-f,411{_'61l-Lfl-16 Devasarman who be]onged to the Kaul)Qinya-gotra and who was
2 '8:1I F1J..t6 Ill -i l-11~ i I 01I j't.ZIT(~) (flfcy Mcffl : a student of TaittirTya Sakhli of the Yajurveda.
The record is dated in the second regnal year of the king,
3 l-ll-iollfllfl::1"1 6lfhfl9.31: gfcF=ljci'8:ll'afl(~)~-
Vaislikha-PaurrJ,imli (fuH-moon day}. It is written by
4 't:If:3cf,: ct,c!,~ l-i 11{_»ft fct '31ll f~I cl l-1I~mnJ("ci")~ ,a
Damodaradatta.

Second Plate : Second Side

l. After the text published in Ep.lnd., Vol.VI. 1. The da1J4a is redundunt.

2. Read~=~ 2. Sandhi has not been observed here.
-- 93
Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas
92 Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas
Second Plate : Second Side
I ~
11 lJ \5q ½J,--l ~'\'./.fl
lSl"ftr.:r(ftror)cr=&-ff U11-1 g,-
'8-1j..:,-tjl..:>-tj
12 ,sq-~ <*1 q I'\ fcn'tT-n31 I¾'4 ,EPTI341 '4
No.15 : Plate XV 13 c:fiI f-J c:fi~ch:.14 l:!:Is.J< ¼ i(~) f 64f< fl 'li ~1<._J ..JI '4 ifc:-
I 1-1
14 41,(111'43-l«ctfc1flq'rj£j
c.
4,(1-Jf-1{-<il{lll(cfiT)"l:f ?'4MSilc:fi-
Shimoga Plates of Mandhatrraja, Year 5 15 '8::llf'-i?i ( 1•) "l:fx"tffiff q1ciP-rnI m~ 9.u.qq,t_,-11{_
3-lcllUlfa ( 1•)

Provenance: Third Plate

D~varahaUi, Chennigiri Taluk, Shimoga Dis-
tnct, Karnataka State. 16 .:rr(s)fq ~ 15i:1..P-rnI m~ q..:,-tj1-J\5t4lflc:fi,Et'9,=ai'I
Reference: R.Narasimhachar : Mys.Arch.Rep., 1911 , 11 cqqfu ( 1•) ~ -=q~(wl{l ( 1•) '8::1<*1i q:i:<*1i m .:rr ~
pp.31 ff. 18 ( I • ) 1'ffucff'tl:f("ffHH! QI I fu I
'cfW~ (".(Tl={) f q 8 I '4 i ~ rcfi(nfl) -Fi,
Language: Sanskrit.
(:•) (11111*) ~-
Metre: Verses 1-2 Anustubh
Script: Southern, Box-h~aded. 19 f~m ~ uzj'-q (:*) ,EPl<lf<f-q (:I*) c:r¼" ~ ~ ~
Date: Regnal year 5. In characters of the 5th century ( :•) ~
A.D. 20 ~ ~ ~ 4iciP-lfa ("1-(11 2 11 ~) ( 11*) ~ f..s.<½, ( 11*)

Text1 Abstract

First Plate The inscription records the grant of six nivartanas of land
together with a house and necessaries in the village of Kaggi as
1 ,8::1F@( I.) m .'ip
I cm ·1 (I.) i '8:11fi-fl-j 15Il-l·P-l I~JI0II-
fq ,iP:i)F~~-'S.l well as some land (chatu~pat-!5{etram) in the village of Plilaga{ani
2 :1~'il ft,nt, H I 1-1 °
fhfl 9,341
H 0 "-HP TI341I i 151 oI j to Triyambakasvlimi of the Atreya-gotra by Mlindhlitr-rlija, son
3 ~(~!~Ul I .qtj:filfq !=(IoI j3lll>:>1 fl-:il ..JIMSlf
H j c:fi<MSlf 1- of Kumliravarma- mahlirlija, during his fifth regnal year.
4 -.:rr~'tITcrpf ( 21")QI H q f 64:;t1cfjfl I ::q .qH i ,m'li 1-1 I :i:cpif-
5 1-it5l<l-:ii¼ ~: fjjqnf,Eiq.::.:i: P-1341>13,<I+<-

1. This is Dravidian {a.

2. Sandhi has not been observed here.
1. From the plates in Mys.Arch.Rep., 1911.
 94 95
Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas

No.16: Plate XVI Second Plate : Second Side

~ {<:I 9.0;qI M~ ;;.c;:21
-<{<:11Fl-1
"lf Ji'lFq
9 (".("1TI) ~ ('.(U"4')
41.f, ;q41 a {-1ocf4 f,(& a 4 fhq t "tj,J(~l -
10 C{-f)
Nilambur Plates of Ravivarman, Year S
11 (°cfq) (I*) ~mu:f "lf: cfi<ii4~cil~l! ...~Hll(1l (S)~ cfT ("UTT)-
12 (~l'ffi~~ °eft(o""{-f 4-:,-=qy~I4iacfi)-
Provenance: Nilambur, Ernad Taluk, Malabar District,
Kerala State.
Reference: Third Plate
T.A.Gopinatha Rao : Ep.lnd., Vol.VIII,
pp.146 ff. and Plates. 13 (~)-S,(ttil) -qqfu ( 1•) Gfl(s)f~~ ~(crfu) ( 1•)
Language: Sanskrit. 14 3ffi-=>-tj 11 ~~'tfl" 'gm"T-uzj'·iH-{Pl<lfc:.f-q (:) ( I*)
Metre: Verse 1 Anu~fubh. 15 ("lf)~ ~<:RT~:~~~~ q,af.-1Faq
Script: Southern, Box-headed. 16 (~) ~ ½], 1TI<i41@°'"-""<-I":(I•) 1T-JIT( ci.,n~(~ (11*)
Date: Regnal Year 5, Karttika, PaurQamas i". In
characters of the 5th century A.O.
Abstract

Text1 This grant was issued in the 5th year of the reign of
Dharmamaharaja Ravivarman of the Kadamba family, from
Vaijayanff (i.e. Banavasi). The king made a grant, on the
First Plate full-moon tithi of the month of Karttika, of two hamlets (palli)
1 ~era mfqsil'4asil'4.-flti {<:11P-P-1~1il~) ..p:-11~J1O11:1,v:mrr- named Mu{tagi and Ma{kavu to a BrahmaQa
Govindasvamin of the Kasyapa-gotra, who had mastered the
named
2 f'qftr(mTHP·J.-iH 0 '4{Pfl-341Dli ~1fhfl9.-34101j gfacfia{<:11-
3 'bqrT"I
c
<-j=-q=:t:JTl'fTT4~1
.i::~
~
l,..........
O-1I l-1~ etG'tflq"q~ (;:l H 4 f q ;ft cfi a 1-
~ Yajur-veda.

4 0)1:1Hll-llf.!j,iasii-1iii4Hi cfi<~Hi '>fl.i::fqq~-6P-1fl-1~1

Second Plate : First Side

't
5 (U)~(:) ~- ircf~l-ll-1fqsillJ{lctR-il tj"tj"rf
6 cfi I f-Jcfi qi O Ofl-l I P-l i i:i1JItj_foc(~ 21fc:fiv" 41 {-11fuH I l-1-
7 ~ ;qU I l-1P-l ';ioc(f<f) et'llfll :I;V ~ f) H P-1in:rq-

1. From the_ plates published in Ep.Ind., Vol.VIII.

2. The portion of the plate covering the letters in the brackets is broken
away and on_ly the lower part of these letters is visible.
3. Read 41<•11011.
4. Here visarga is unnecessary. 1. This is Dravidian lkli.
5. This is Dravidian ,u. 2. The sandhi is not observed here.
6. This is Dravidian /ta. 3. Read phalam II iti.
 96 Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas lnscripiions of the Early Kadambas 97

Second Plate : Second Side

9 4->-q<~1F--1c1-d-11 cti~~IIB~ ~f'-lf.f~...s.l ~-
No.17 : Plate XVII 10 fcl cl f-.ifctI ~ &J<i!.I:!,cl4< 1'Jf<1&'ti41eJHl I< -1~ q o:g <'llT-
11 ~ 4<&Jltl<i!.Ji-1 gc14&JH<l-.is!-i»n<fc1c1uf-
Halsi Plates of Ravivarman, Year 11 12 'tlufl-1 tl<l'Jf <!:ZIQ,cfil<lfl B.cl R-r<
~1-t~~Q4~

Provenance: Third Plate

Halsi, Khanapur Taluk, Belgaum District,
Karnataka State. 13 <!(IR.tll-(_fu~ 11 m <'.ITf~-1f«i {-clcl-~.ti: 4<cl-~'4(;f.!.ll) cfT ~
Reference: J.F.Fleet : Ind.Ant., Vol.VI, pp.27-29, 4->-ql-jt ,-
No.XXIII and Plates. 14 41ctcfiB.".:!,mlcqqfu 11 3'ct,->tj 11 ~cqq(ocf)~m ~ 'CT'Jff'cq-
Language: Sanskrit.
15 RPl<lfc.fil (:1•) ~ ~ c:re:T~(~)~~'ITT!] -q:;-
Metres: Verse 1 Arya; Verse 2 Sragdhara; Verses 3-5
Anu~fubh. 16 ~(~ 11(411•) {-cl<ii i ro- ~"lU(~
4{<i1 i cfT <'.IT ) (I•)
Script: Southern, Box-headed. ~fuel~ ~(W)fur ~ ~ ~
Date: Regnal year 11, sixth fortnight of Hemanta 17 ~ 11 (511*)
10th day. In characters of 5th-6th centu~
A.D.
Abstract
Starts with an invocation to lord Jinendra and records a grant
Text 1 of land measuring fifteen nivartanas in the field called
Kardamapati at Palasika, made by Bhanuvarman in the Ilth year
First Plate of the reign of his elder brother king Ravivarman on the tenth
day in the sixth fortnight of the winter season.
1 {-clf«i 11 ~ ·~-Plcllf~~=-i! 10,~~m'~aq<l-tcfil~futcfi: (I•)
2 ~~lcf41:?cl(~)~ <'414dlctilf~al ~ 11 (111•)
3 ~ I 'i (.:fi l'.:'f~<1'31 f':.1'4F~ctct-1'4:?1(11
F.:ac1A-tfc1..f11(1:
4 ~ ~S~::!,X ID~~~Xji)!(fl ~: (I

Second Plate : First Side

5 ~ cflAf!'Jfl <fci~4fa<ij_ffi'fcf~~ff4a.m:
6 ct~~ctl 'ill:j,clutf {-clq,(f~ctcfill '1lmf 'TlXcfi..filfl--l_ 11 (211*)
7 ~ ~m ~ m'l---tjr ::!(~) faf'-l-6€9ctl ( I*) ci1oof&JIB0Hi::!,f-6&~ I~
8 -R4-1kS!f Tu°Boct<I 11 (311*) 4<11f~lcfil'41l-(_cfi~&J42...,
'41l-(_<l'Jf'il~'i

1. Fr<?m the plates published in Ind.Ant., Val.VI.

2. This mark of punctuation is superfluous.
 98 Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas 99

Second Plate: Second Side

7 ~ jqUjq\uufy I¼ I (lf.:rcfi~) fq~ 1q;i.:i jtjl ( aft)ur~<I..J fq f't-.RT
No.18: Plate XVIII 8 <"dql=t_ {!,9,0lll$:r_ 9-_oq,(1'5-lf~flll..Jll(""lll) ( I*) "'lll(S) flli46"df ~
1 'qqfu
6 I 41i:1cfi ll '9,tri
9 1-1 ( I • ) "lf"mf'~a:@T ~ 9,6lf q, (9
Kuqtagaqi Plates of Ravivarman, Year 12
Third Plate
Provenance: Kui:itaga1,1i,Sirsi Taluk, North Kanara Dis- 10 ('l-lT7t)'il q c1{
f,!J,'tfi ( II • )
-=>--q ( l<:4<=a
i q <<=a
i cfT) ~ ~.-t-Rf (UJ-[)
"'llT
trict, Karnataka State. (1•) ~-
Reference: ,..
G.S.Gai : Ep.lnd., Vol.XXXII, pp.218 ff. 11 ctt:fli6~ifu1 ~ (-..n:)~ %(~ (11111•) ~~m 'gmT
and Plates.
~
Language: Sanskrit.
Metre: 12 (f'll)l=lPl<lf<~ (:) "lf""{-lj""lf""{-lj""ll"c.l ~f'-1~¼ (f"flj" cf<T
Verses 1-2 Anu~fubh.
Script: Southern, Box-headed. ~(l={) ( 112 11 •)
13 ~ (Tf)~(-;:f)
0

Date: Regnal Year 12, Srava1J,asu. 15. In characters e

f--1q'tl..J ("'q") (II *)
of the Sth-6th century A.O.
Abstract
Text1 The epigraph records a grant, made by the king Ravivarman,
of 24 nivartanas of land ·situated on either side of a tank-bund
First Plate which the king caused to be constructed in the village of Variyaka,
to Bhavasvamin of the Dhaumya-gotra who was well-versed in
fq-iil ll q fo:.,m3)
1 l<:i fe, (I) I ( ll .:p-1I)~~, I 011:!,
l<:I I F-11-16 the Vedas. The date is Srava11,a Paur11,amas""i
of the king's twelfth
2 ~)~ '-IH 0 lf(WTr);fl"
2
61Rc:11('9,~) X !.lfacfii:il<:11 regnal year.
~
'll-ff q n:ljcfij
e
cfi<R11--1
3 -::4.-::'$.lTTl'Tflj='tjr-f=f~~
P-( 1-1
6 FU'5-1
~(cf)

Second Plate : First Side

4 m-rr
02.1cfi~~ i:fi1:i::f,!.frq1~ (:) i:fi1af2~q (~
~2)Wffi-
5 f a5 ~ 'f.(\
Pi q 'tl -1· 9,411 R.1lP rt~i ll 'il q (<;I I f'-1-
6 °;'fcl<q1:i::,11lf l<:Iq ..4:'-11--1
fq-iijljfi (~)~ ~

1. From the plates published in Ep.lnd., Vol.XXXII.

2. The letters in the bracket have been peeled off but their traces are visible
on the plate.
1. This portion is much defaced.
as in other plates.
3. Read =tj=-.:.-i:1='f1c.-.q~1:i:~
1 1=1o~1i
2. Read~
100 Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas 101

6 ~ q-6i§ <'Hf¥ Fet&JJ,~ 4

f,!.lF'5'16uJ.( ~
,/;-C4 '"( ( 1• ) F~:i.a 14;q'i:f~F-1-11
(-1'
f,!.lc:ffclI "'tjgfl ~("J:{) 11 (511*)
No.19 : Plate XIX 7 m~ ~.:r8l(S)f-q -;:r 141'1;.lfa -qi('fq: (I*) ~
Lje_ljf,!.l~i..Jfa4ldcl cll{>OA II (6 II*)
Daval}agere Plates of Ravivarman, Year 34
Second Plate : First Side
8 -;:rp::f)cio( ll) WT~ "ll"llTI~'i-1 +< Fa ( I •) ~'41'4 I <>a I -6i§ I 4
Provenance: DavaQagere, Davanagere Taluk, Chitradurga qzj'r ~~cfh;'""{n:cl 11 (711*)
District, Karnataka State.
Reference: M.H.Krishna : Mys.Arch.Rep., 1933, pp.109
9 {cllclf'tl-.iill~l4 ~{~..Ji1:i_1 f~ (I*) tj-.iil!..Jl 'i:fciF'ii51tj-.iitjffi

ff. and PI.XXII; D.C.Sircar : Ep.lnd., Fct{ I -.ii a II ( 81 I*)

Vol.XXXIII, pp.87 ff. & Pl. 10 "{"61":!Zii
I~· I e.I f:?ci 2'i:f-< ..j .J) fP-l I (-;:r)m (I *) (1"2:fT ~'1-1 cl R-11
aI
Language: Sanskrit. cfa;m:f 11 (911*)
lj,{l{{fq
Metres: Verse 1 Prahar~bif ; Verses 2-19, 21-23 11 "'-'f "
~'-~-cl~l~t!,-LJ~d
.....
l 11~~ -~
..Jll cfi"'PI f ete.1-( ( I *)
Anu~/ubh; Verse 20 Vasantatilakli. "'n:"'
..,_x, . ci [-.'ii<"ftI Hcfi"'I{ fceh all. Ie.1-( I I ( 10 I I*)
cl ~'3Cl
Script: Southern.
12 ~ ~ ~ ~~l~LJ1i1->4"'1e.{-c.'3,fi: ( I*
Date: Regnal year 34, Madhu-masa (i.e. Caitra)
sukla-pak~a, RohiQI. In characters of the {l~lf'i-l"lcfil-Jcfi:Ue.4-11-.ii~ici.lA-i<?t: 11 ( 11 11 *)
5th-6th century A.D. I ci F~ a p:flcol":l ~ ftrft{~
13 { 1::1,--1 ( I •)
:i:ci:i:1~i cl~C"'-4'1;.l .:rmm= 11 (12
LJ1<?11P-1c1 11 *)
14 ~~ ~Re.fH m(s)"lf Fct~INdl ~: ( I *)
Text'
P:-i-rn ft:!'fu.:i cl 'i:f'8 1 ~ 11( 13 11•)
'5-'lll,(;:i I G--t

First Plate
1 ( 11*) (-q) llf !(!,~fa qf1:F!"1
f~ ..S:1-(":l =a,q~Zii 1..Ji mllf ll [~Fa '8 e.I fll
Second Plate : Second Side
4le,W..J'"( ( I*) 15 fei ~ 1-tici"1 -'½I
("'i:f"~'.!) ~ ~ f-s. '8 LJI '8 LJI ( I *)
LJs:._i

2 ~cl I..J1¼~2.14 fol1;p.rrf~ Boq~f-8 ~(ftf) BOC!

e1lcfi..J14: 11 1l"q¼fBF~f4: ~ ~PJW i'if~0 A 11 (14 11*)

( 111*) 16 ~ (!"e.T LJ~ici.ll§:{1'8.'1;.lll-J4{if'5-la: ( I*)

3 ~ fc:.11.:a{olll'-fl ( I*) ~
"..J1:'IT~:
{'::!,{IB1q_ x en~ fo..S:illd--14-.iil~ '8.E.Jf-lt qftcl..S:t.4 II (1511*)~

llcfllli«if-ll ~: II (11211*) 11 cf,,:i.cP

<irml~{>~q~<1~cfi~f-lt"TTT41
r"T"Tq 11r~
"'---.---,-.,........;.."TTT"T
~
c.
(1• >
4 ~~'ti ..Jll ~ ~ALJj-!>-~II F.:ncl Uj f LJi?Iq fa: (I) ~---, ~I «l f-lt <'R""llT 3TI'tlcfi1F....:icl-d.:i1.--¾.:i
e.'ticli«ill-lR-<14: II (16 II*)
1;li°l~cl.(4.(j<;fiLJ: 11 (311*) 18 d-llB-<le.faJUT(S*)B=!T~ ifm: chC::Fll-llf1i,;rc=rq_
( I *)
5 ~l'.-,s---~·p:r~,c(~ ( u:ff')f~( cfPlT) TIBT ~: ( I*) {1-.iil-JH..J "J..ff.:r;:r
~51YcfiF-1c1-J.:i'"( 11 (17 *)
R "'" ·11· 19 "fPl(-i{) ~~ ~51Ycfi f-1cl'tl..J1-( (I*)

1. Read -;,r~ -;:n~

1. From the plates pubfished in Ep.Ind., Vol.XXXIII. 2. Better read "1:!Tffi
0

2. This word is written in the left margin of the plate. 3. Verse 15 is defective.
102 Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas 103

cH:IIM <1-.il'il:.i.:i 6'Fc:.'*11e.f:4f--1cl'd'13-( 11 (18 11*)

20 3 -:,.€§I Fe:. 0£1
q ft 6 <t (ell) ~'t:Hl F~d Tu ~ ( I • )
c_-rjql~l'i61<1:.i1Wocf'81tji:Hlf--lm 11 (19 11*) No.20 : Plate XX
21 ~ "'q P~t!,foq :md
f-q41<:"1
9.0 ,!,P--t
i:1~ll<:f>l.(UIP-tc1'8-l"'q c:.'lficf'rjlt.( ( I*)
Sirsi Plates of Ravivarman, Year 35

Third Plate
Provenance: Ajjibal, Sirsi Taluk, North Kanara District,
22 (cf1J'OTT)
~(l-11) Ri:4f('-1i:1'8.Ul ( ll) 1-t~l<=fi
f-i::1-rj
I: (I•)
.... Karnataka State.
"'81:a.;uT(S)"-8-1-.illld)qa~: YYI0IJ.( 11 (20 II*) Reference: V.S.Sukthankar : Ep.Ind., Vol.XVI, pp.264
23 ~~m :[ml ~(N) ru lFU Fc:.f'4: ( 1 •) ff. and plates.
~ ~ "ll"c.T~P-H-i:1-8-1"i:f("'8-l")<'R"T~ 11 (~~· 11) Language: Sanskrit.
24 ~F~-!'rj. ffi'll('g)~ ~~ qftq1f('-li:1(l..[_) ( I*) Metre: Verses 1-2 Anu~fubh.
~ "..j" f.-lct"d.fl ~("-.ii" ~)mf.:r "'q 11 (22 11 *) Script: Southern, Box-headed.
Date: Regnal year 35, Karttika, su.5. In characters
25 fcl c_-rji 4.(c_-rji 'cfT ""lIT
"ITT"i:f
"cf(~) 'QU (l-() (I*)
of the 5th-6th century A.D.
~ ctt:f'86~1ful ~~TI "B": 11 (~~11*)

Abstraci Text 1

. The epigraph _ records the grant of four plots of land in First Plate
d1fferent parts of Asandi for the maintenance and worship of the 1 fcl f«1 II ~1fq -.ii~ ~-.ii ~ ..fl.l i fcl I P-l1-161
fH -
Siddhayatana (a Buddhist temple) and the extension or prospe ity
2 Mm Hi
1-tI~ JI011::!,e:mrrf'4 11~ 1-tH 54 '8 (""J'"fl;fT)
-
of the Samgha by the king Ravivarman on a request made by
certain Haridatta, in the bright fortnight of the month of Caitra 3 urf 6lfhfl9.~101i Yfac:!jfa("i:f)"fcl"T('aff)-
in his 34th regnal year. 4 lfcl:i-il4-llOIIJ.( cfic.~Hi ~fl<fqq("l-J..f)-
5 'tluf1-t61<1:.il: Yi:114YOli:1'8(C:fi"<:'1')
...

Second Plate : First Side

6 .. :i L~4~11-04fq~Hlfc:.c:!ji:1) ...... .
7 cfic.~1-t61fl..jlqfayfay: ~:.icfi-.il..J=tl(';:i_"l")
8 "' R"
-ll41 ~i:1 Fc . Fc
q9,<:"19,0~'841 "
C:.i:i~FU<(:)
9 .:i~ fq .:i~ fq ~II<<: -q-,("Lj'tj I Fu:fcfiI flt~ -
10 ~'ll"m: dH lll:j,ll,olll d11<"1-t
l~l:(~)-

1. From the plates in Ep.Ind. Vol.XVI.

2. This punctuation mark is unnecessary.
3. May be restored as~ el'Hl'i:lii!
 Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas 105
104 Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas

Second Plate : Second Side No.21 : Plate XXI

12 cfiI f--dcfil-11
fP{!i3;iq~ q-:,.'qJ..4i fu~ ~:
13 <
f'cJ.qchl ;p::j ..fj ci cfia a I .(0£1 ~ 111-11
c'£I;p::j ~ - Halsi Plates of Ravivarman
14 (~) cl I £IcFt I £I B 11.
!.II~ c. I B d-S I cfi;p::j I~
1s · =t
.q~a-s1cfifll1q ' Ft ~-~ n ''
' ~ a:nJ
5,9,i;hn.1
Provenance: Halsi, Khanapur Taluk, Belgaum District,
16. .. -z.:rf.:r'cl
-d'-1'i:l tle ;q--<
~ c11.-a;p::j n;:'J:llTt Karnataka State.
17 ... 4161°11~ <cllllld ('.:, *) "y'(UR'f) .... Reference: J.F.Fleet: Ind.Ant., Vol.VI, No.XXIV, p.29
and plate.
Third Plate Language: Sanskrit.
18 cfiI~ .qq B l lbP-R [I 'Ji B l II;4 I .cq\:qIF~ q I ~- Metre: Verse 1 Arya : Verses 2-3 and 6 Upajliti;
Verse 4-5 lndravajrli; Verses 7-8 Anu~fubh.
19 4dl{ol!l'l-~ ( 11*) -tj'r(S*)f'lRarfu ci<'30l!Cf,ci~"'
Script: Southern, Box-headed.
20 'qcl"Tif (II*) dcfd-=>-'i:l(I) lcfc.~i 4<c.~i cfT-tj'r inf ~- Date: Undated. In characters of the 5th-6th century
21 -...~(l*)""ffit c1tfB~(311fu1 ~~"g;'ff: II (1 II*) A.D.
22 ~~m 'gmT U'J\1'ilRPl{lfc.f¾: ( I*)
23 ~ ~ ~ ~: ~ ~ ~ q,aP-1Fa 11 (2 11•) Text 1
First Plate
Abstract
1 ~ 'qllcllf~;i..:il 101,6.-?_: 1Jl~d4{1-1cfil'6
Registers a gift of four nivartanas of land in the village of 2 ftrrcfl: (I*) ~~lc:F41~cl1Bcfi,tl c.'414dlcnlf-4.2a1 ~ II (111*)
Sare or Sara to the Mahadeva temple of his beloved physician, 3 ~ fq tSu_J,cP-l-l\~'lj f{.-?:1--(f•H! c'£I f'51cq I ifi'~ 'ffl-f(m~l-() ( I
d).... *)
the desamatya NilakaQtha, by king Ravivarman from his capital
4 3R-ilil cfil-=>--i::!l~cl{'i:IO-sc_O-sl-(
4cilf~lcfillli ~: 11 (211*)
Vaijayanfi on the fifth tithi of the bright half of the month of
Karttika in his [3]5th regnal year.
Second Plate : First Side
5 'ifcrx cfi< ¼1'6~ ci I kl H-ll :1,uli~f,qo'4f l2.I .:ii1I R-14 (--ra) (~ ) ( I*)
6 '4"R"".-f'qcqlfl f..Jclff..flf..J ~ f'51rt.-?_1'4l-f"ITT(l--l*) ~: 11 (3 11*)
7 '"#mu:T"1TITI%f{Ujg,8 I< ~J.4cfilj__~{fq c!.11-!cfil'd
- I
8 a rCTa ;qcl ...s."£1 cti",f-J-1141 g; "cf =a
~ -~ft 11 ( 4 • 11)
=c'cfi"""f,.:i=§:
.
- -.;, <, "'

Second Plate : Second Side

9 {illlc\11-11<1<~ ~ '4f<llf..J rn:µ11f<~~-

1. There are two marks of anusviira instead of one. 1. From the plates in Ind.Ant., Vol.VI.
2. Read~ 2 . Fleet reads (~) here.
 107
106 Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas lnscrip(ions of the Early Kadambas

10 ~: ( I*) 3TI -mPl ~ ~- =wfracfjc-(;ilf·:.:n_.q1f.:.p

cfie.lf"tltj__ ..p ..pq:_
11 (511 *)
11 ctl.-llcl 7::fl"<:~ g0 l!ctii(cf>T)~a_:r: l-cfcl~I-Jil err q{c1·~1'-l1"1
err ( 1 *) No.22 : Plate XXII

12 ~ 1ile.1-ll.-H·f!,{{!,,<:i.1R-f:
"Rrt ~ §hlsfa .-Jlcfi~Q 11 Gu(jnapur Inscription of Ravivarman
(611•)

Provenance: Guc;lnapur (near Banavasi), Sirsi taluk, North

Third Plate
Kanara district, Karnataka State. .
13 3ITT ~~(I*) ~~'EIT ~ ~'i-Jl-{Pl{lf<f'l-f: (I *)
Reference: B.R.Gopal : Sr"ika1J.{hika (Srikantha Sastn
14 ~~?:.f<!:T~:~~~"ctc:T~(~ II (711*) Fel.Vol.), pp.61ff.; Corp.Kad.Ins., pp.81 ff;
15 l-cfe.'a i 4{e.'a i err <TI"
"ef@~~(Ul-{_ ) I G .S.Gai: Quart.Journ. Myth.Soc.,
16 l'ifftr cflf <Eh$(;iI fol ~ ~ fcl q,:,.qa 11 (811*) Vol.LXXIX (1988), pp.89 ff.
Language: Sanskrit.
Metre: Verse 1 Malint; Verses 2-29 Miitrii-
Abstract samakavise~a; Verse 30 Prthv"i.
Script: Southern, Box-headed.
The record starts with an invocation to Jinendra and registers Undated, In characters of the 5th-6th cent.
a grant of four nivarttanas of land for worship of Jinendra, having Date:
obtained the favour of the mother of Damakfrtti, who was a very A.D.
incarnation of religion, by the Kadamba king Ravivarman.
The king has been described as having killed Vish1J.uvarmman Text 1
and others and having uprooted Cha1J.tf.ada1J.4a,the lord of Kiift.ch"i
cfiTf1--l.-JI.-Ji
and as having established himself at Paliisikii.
vvvvvv- - -v------vvvvv---v-- ct{ I'5-llivvvvvv-
Rl ~ I fcfiUI~l!ll-lis.11§,: I (11*) .
2 3l2l ~ -~ I ft e1Ig::?1
1--lH ol!, fl;4"1 fir-if:I
;e;<=41 =l"~:rr1
=ctr+~ <
ci 1io51-lfa:
nciftiG-;::ra
°'m.
fa"......itm"Ucl I (2 I I •) ) .......... ~ f~ -Jilii 1--l: I
~ ctct~8-11Efif~k.l?J,faf00 11 (3 11 *)
3 7::fl"(S*)2l ct"t{~IA-tufl ~: ~~: fulllfLl'-l1: I ,~ ~ "<S.1°~'T5f
~ f--a
PJ'5! 1011~g .?l
e'li.1111a a: 11 c411•) af{ie1l 1--l~=<clciffa
f"i-.1
itc:it~"cfWTicf ~I I {C.: 1 1"efrn fcf~~cfim:
~·q~p•JUf~T~ ~: 11 (511 *) •
4 s•) f·qf,r'cr>f et<~ 1~ ;,pn
,:n-( ~ ..%flcfi~~ 1 '!l"1-R cfiRfT

From the impressions and photographs preserved. in the ?ffice of the

1. Director (Epigraphy), Mysore. The published text 1s defective. The text
is engraved from bottom to top.

- - ....
 Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas 109
108 Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas
~ ~ f--lYlll~~ "q' "-l¼l./;iqlcfct'"( I
~ ~ ~~ .(fqUlf T~d'1~o1 ehiflct'"l_ I I (2311*)
::!'JPFUZ51'41llc!.lE.J:Pf: 'tl,i=!c!.l'd~ :fcf= -q-fu: I ct'd--1'51:
~(cfi)~ ~ {f-.i,!.llf\·'4f\+l-ic!.I f~tjl'"( II (711*) "'
13 'c!.f~(S*)~ 'cfTir"i:1'~=9,llck-11(~
.(IZ5-letlBlJ~ l)~'d~lli?t ~
5 ~"ct"r~~) 11(-i:::n) ... -r~ ... (.:r.nP:~=
«il ut ~~ fq F~fl I (241•)
9,--1

-;1qfa:i_,mct-1fl.la1~n4J111-!i.ft4rc1~1ehi::11F.-c1a=
11 (811·>
1i {!,LI J 1..-'#4 r~~,r~rb-J
et , foR-i ra6' n:fcqti"8JUTT~= ( 1)
~--- qc,1etcil ~: ~~~ ~~: I (251*)
~ ~~ ~ {':{{Ill {IZ5-llq{lf-J1ct: I f1:9,lllfl:
B AHi "-I~lcl ,(':{B fcl fct i;;hI f..fi ~: I I ( 9 11•)
14 3lftJ "q' '.:f>ck1{llJ.~BR(11 :i:Fafco;rn-6f§c!.'c!.fPJUT=1
~ ehll-1'9,-S:B.:.:il6q2.6: ~ 'ilra ch'1fcfici: I (261*)
6 ct<'chf.t6c3~~Aehc!.Rq~(-ii::1i::11l-l~ ..... I
f,·cl'fl '51..l-j--t">I sifT@: -Prn~
(f;l' I c'llf,-aehI R-
">
1 <:-<-11~1 ~ ~ -½ R OI : I
--1:i_qfa
: cf,l~R4 ~fl.llB ~ ~~: 11 (1011*)
~ l-1'~ l-1'~ ~leh--1'4.-Jl<fcl-<.'ifficil '1:ffi: I (271*)
~ {[::!,~~llf..ficp.iffa 1P=,T l,IZ5-ll~IHM (s») ~ I
~~faqfa'{cr·l-~_facichl -p=rr.Q.cn:~~
l]UTTf'tlcfl: I I*)
15 ~ '--1'~ ~ l-1'~ i_:!;i"-lf"j41 l-l'T~(S*)~ I
11 (ll
~ ~ 'Cfi'Pf:
ehlciietf~~;ll"-IBl(cfT'£f:) I (281*)
7 ctf'tl,ct I l;l 'I ~ H ll-1I.......... ..
'!11 icl(11 Lie!.--!¼ f.:i;qfu'\ ehl"-lf::!,~ ~arcrf I ~ '--1'~
l;l 'I q fo 1,1-~ ~ i::11(1 I fq ~II l-qFa: 11 ( 12 11.)
1cl B fcl cl 9,4 J 1--11
'--1'f.,.sr,..!ff: ~: ~aj "l:@: ~: I (29 I*)
~~ cl .:lj j' I ~ I ~ 11;q f;p:rr '511 I al q ct~ I '8-1 ~: I ~~
~--lll-lgc-'<-lcl~:f <hcfi"-19,:;,;qj~(S•)-=,cr: II (1311*)
16 ~ --1'4--Ilf'i.1.(ll-lLlqfc:.~"-1 ~ ~ :i;,f..:Het½, ~qfa'tl,l~ft:1°1 I

8 ~ """'f--1-~-fl.l-
fq ~c!. I B ~ q ........ I ehlflci'"( I ~: ~~ (S*) ~ 'tl,lcli:f,"1f-J~ufC(-let:
QLjlOILtcl;fl~c:1.1_1fBLl"-l~a:TitRT= I (301*)
1lTtl {I-.i,!.Jl-iqlc-'<-l
Q,cll62.IC,~(l-j0-5cill-jfu-5i;iA;l'g: 11(1811*)
17 3l~ cfill-1'(~~ ci"-1¼ ';!_Z511B.l-cfil.(I~ 1-l6I{I'51 ~.(fcletl-ll
~ I fl-1B fcl 0 lfl l-1B ~~ =-s,i?t cl I ~< '"( ( I )
lcl 1--1 p ' ~ Cl -:, "> Ofi
F-s:a;.(i:rfl-1' ehHi I .(I44I2.l eh<:.k-1?j·
l-s Ul 1-lJ.l-tPJ_:i;,U I 1-lBI f'--1
iqlci{IZ51' ~ .fliqi::1'"( ~ ..ftctcll=-( l;lc'1cl~"-lctl'"( 11 (1411*)
9. +::f -, ~ ~-
cl::r--1-.-"-ITT"BT"T"T'Tl-q~c!,~
......... I 'c!.f~ P.frcl , ~ a 2.1eh¼'I< et>
:!,:Ict2.1cf:;-;q--4-.1 -1 "-11 ~?i
cl F---16q

ctBI l-1.:aI
1,1°1ct--162.'4l ~if "q' "ci'~~ "ct'~ 11 ( 1611•) mcr-
d-l~~lfcfct(11l-l{lqj~~.ft9, f.:r6c3iq,(lf\·ct: I
18 'c!.f'lFfcf~ ~ 9,--lf.cLllf--l ~(~)~~ l-16iclfi,f<-Bli?i
qc-Behcfi12."1il-l a;l;f ·affl-1-t_ {IZ5-ll-ll~'--1'
tF1 lfcl~l"-"'dl-lfaiqfij.15l."q' <TI'--1'f~qt5qfq 11 (1711*)
10 ~ "q' ..ft fa fcf buJ.
U,Rcfj ctI ( ~) -;q-(-;.'lj).... I
-;:~,
<.... -+ ..... - .:a
~~,l-"-r--1~et...-=n+.:i....,g
.1_
.....
,TTTa, "' il
rq ~, pra f..:iet -1'"l
tlF:r,
~ ::i ¼1-a ,i:a ~ ci-=>-'i:1-.:l
7> Q ~ ...;>\°',.........,..;;."+-=-e=-"'=
I I 1 I I ehck-1fj·I:S Ui 1-1
B I &.-<-P:I tj,EflI 6 C1->-cl
3-11
~~'51 ', 1l-1 ;ql-f1lfl f..f§ 1'"l e1'1eh ~-½I~fci'i-11fc1.fl '"l 11 ( 18*)
19 eh1 S::clcl I q ~ ?iq 4--a '"( I I 2 I I ~ fo a;< !.II l-1'8-11fq mfi:;:r ...,...~ ~ ?i?jeh'i._
"""i=!-t~i!.
'TT;q
d q.:i ctI 'ft 'lf\·9,.-.-jI 2.chlf\·a5 q I o-s,~ I tj,q I c!.;q: I
II 3 II ~cficf~T"ci''"ITTl-1'~ II 4 11.... ehP-ctU I ?j
;q'8-1-.:lI~ I fl-ci.l1-f@m'fl.lT"J_ 1-.41 fl-1c!.0 -s k~B-=>-'i:liJ: 11 ( 1911 *)
Q,B< I q J 11q <a'),( Q cl 16 f.:i 6q ~ LI I.-J 8;1~~ ~
11 ~ "q1fq Lll./;>(1!-S.ct't:lg<ofcllofql (::!fer) 1
ct2.lehl-q~gf..fc1-d-1Lll'31'"( 11 5 11 .-Jcl.-J~q,((11{
~~ ~ !{),f·cHI "-l~IBI Rm
cl'd..ftcfjctl: I (112011*)
lScffflctct-½I(s»)«1'4lfa<BI "-lf.fl-1=-(~~: I
. 'tl,lclLI cl 19,d.:i'i.J"pj,(i;iI: fq;i", Rei i:~;
F~: ~: I (2111*) 1. The letter de is defective because the engraver has committed a mistake
12 Bf<J~lf..fi ~~ --ll~lfq ~~i::1cilct{l: I( I *) here.
2. Here also the engraver has committed the same mistake.
~fl4U•-l~lfa--ll ~ :l°l~tjOll--li ehi::1Il-lftl I (221*) 3. The visarga has been dropped here according to the varttika- kharpare
sari vii visargalopo vaktavya!J,.
 Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas 111
110 Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas

ll I clflil
..... ,...... A
4 H cfi1~ ~I «-I I cl ffi YI
" ,
'cl I '8-1l'tHci I YE?14tj": aJ
.....
E?'tl2. I cf, cfi1cH
hence were his subordinates. His subjects were engaged in their
20 c.
pursuits according to their dharma and enjoyed happiness like
Q ~ cl 0 1 < cff-1 64 ~ Y H
-cp.:f(fc."Tcfl1 er, .:aRP--fl 4 '51I ~X children on the laps of their parents. This Ravivarman built a
9,64Cfi(:·t"'i4"-l17i«-l{>f<q: ~ Q,;gcfi.glf~cf>.>'q ~ 11 611 beautiful abode for god Manmatha located to the left of the royal
fl 't!,·0:ll i:r "'cl"~ I
residence and also two dancing halls (nritya-siilii) in front of the
female apartment (antalJ,pura). He also made arrangements for
21 {1'51'-ll~-i 4-=>-'clf-1q:J,l 9,oc:4lfocfit90;gr1 ~ "'cl"~ II 7 II the performance of the spring festival of this god Manmatha in
~
af¼.:?icl i:rri:r- ~fuu1c1:J4 ~ flYl=-4 fl4rlfl~~ a grand manner.
II 8 11 fu:g a 2. 1cfl~
d-1P-,sH?l<,:!;i "Q"f~Y f< ~II The epigraph registers the gift, made by the king
Ravivarman, for worship in the temple of Kama, of the villages
~Jfi·I c\l'ljfa< ~I f-1 cl :J4 9,:i:1a rl ~ I lq,iura, Kiintiiriiryapiifi and Kallango<;la besides the newly
22 3lm(~ O@
....!,
fci ~ cfi
c.
d I cfic. d ~ {-ll ~ 4 fly I U I l-( 4c,,.,oq f !(1I cultivable land irrigated by the waters of the lake called
~Ill.Ii cfil-l-lclj._{fl 1YI ~ 3't1{1~11lli ~V~-::rcfr ~ Gu<;l<;latatakaconstructed to the south of the village Moguru. In
0
c:fa;-1011
addition, the following gifts were made for the same temple: 1)
I 191I ~~-::r ~<R"7:f ~ ~:ITfor fl a I ;i ~II fl
-;;q rl I f-1
some land in the field called Vatsakakota of the village
~ 1© 14~ «i '1-"l!"
X c;f>1 I <=a
C'CI cl I'"{_I I Mahiivehguli; 2) land in the village Kallahgo<f,a; 3) land in lq,iura
23 ......... "'cl"i:rtt~ ~ "'cl"cfja,... if'l~, cl <sfITT'1:lcFi- village; 4) the village Dahraka-Vehguli; 5) land irrigated by the
waters of the river called Esarii; 6) land in which flowers and
24 ~ ~ ~©'cllfl"-l:f~ ......... 3l2l "'cl" {1'51~1:! cfj,_2.~llflrlcfitJ''l
fruit-trees are grown with the help of the water of the lake called
'cl I tlFoc:1~ I fl Y - Padma-ta{iika; 7) land in Sattura village; 8) old land situated to
25 8:IYl<lll ~<Y~TI'4rl~fq .... ~~ i:rtt~ ~ flq{-q~{(Uf) ........ I the west of the lake called AmbilakurJ,q,i. It is stated that these
26 ~Rm'ffi cnP--R:c:11<--t
lJ.(-ll 11~~m~ en~-
lands were purchased from one Brahmiirya and donated. Further,
"' the gift of two villages called Hiikinipalli and Kallili for the
Fci U I Y A.I{l I cl fll I e1 lJ {-ll 'l'51lfl. l-4-iI :i:I ~ l-:J}j;1
a :s~ - worship in the temple of Kama and Padmavafi respectively is
21 .:q ll Ill fl ctrl Y ~ 4 (~) .....<.'11
cfi N !(II 'cl: «fi a uf1e
F-1fll Fc:1 mentioned in the record.

Abstract
This inscription gives the genealogy of the Kadamba dynasty
as follows:- Vfrasarman of the Kadamba family; his eldest son,
Bandhu~erJ,a; his son, Mayuravarman; his son Kahgavarman; his
son, Bhag iratha; his son, Raghu; his younger brother, Kiikutstha;
his son, Siintivarman; his son, Mrgesa; his son, Ravi whose mother
was the daughter of a Kaikeya ruler. Ravivarman obtained the
kingdom by killing a king called Vi~rJ,udiisa. He also annihilated
one Biilariija in a battle. He was an expert in archery and
possessed knowledge about horses and elephants. He was a
master in the Nitisiistra of Vi~rJ,ugupta (i.e. Kautilya) and also
perhaps in the work of Subandhu, (probably the author of
Dharmasastra work). !lulers like the Gahgas, Punniifas,
and Alupas obeyed Ravivarman's orders and
Kohgii(vas, PiirJ,<f,yas

1. This is Dravidian la.

2. The expression deyahere is redundant.
112 Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas 113

No.23 : Plate XXIII

Second Plate : Second Side

Halsi Plates of Ravivarman 7 i:rrtj -gu~ m x ~ t~2.1~cti 4-.:iHe.He.'41-

8 -ql:Ff: 11(211•) af.e-t.-fcl.!...4fa ~11F~c1a.ifc1.:fl~1: ~~
"IITTl"
e.=ac11,<1-
Halsi, Khanapur Taluk, Belgaum District,
Provenance: 9 l-1chl'tl: (I*) ~ Fct,(041a «1 ftl,c't ~ ~n :1,~I a '61I P-ifchl ~-
lj r1~I: R-1::1"1
Karnataka State.
Reference: J.F.Fleet : Ind.Ant., Vol.VI, pp.25-27 Third Plate : First Side
No.XXII and Plate.
Language: Sanskrit. 10 ircf 11 (311*) .9,fk.l
l-lchl'tl'6'69,0 4chl'tl: -8 -G:J.J.{l-11
nff~ !{1.-&~.g:: ( I
Metre: Verses 1 and 16 Arya; Verse 2 Vasantatilaka; *)~-
Verse 3 SalinI; Verse 4 Upajati (Indravajra 11 ~ '6jl-l{q{\ 4~1«TI fct!{!,:S:~:S:'iU(~)~ 01m:(G'if:)
i_J, II
and Upendravajra); Verses 5-9 and 13-15 ( 411*) 3-1I '€II £44--q-
An~fubh; Verse 10 Vamsastha; Verses 11 and
12 a peculiar mixture of Indravamsa (12
12 ~: f--tf'--l=a~Hq1,i::?i: (I)~ :Ifct"~: ~cnlf-J
13 ~cicl:S:~ II (Sll*)c'IC'Y-Eile.-1~~&t: C:.l-14-J\1Fsti'4"ma: (I*)~-
letters) and Upendravajra (11 letters) " e-. -

Script: Southern.
Undated. In characters of the 5th-6th century Third Plate : Second Side
Date:
A.O. 14 ~ Fct-1lc'tlfl-ll 4,(lfl-lf6c'tcfil"441 11 (611*)
-Ji4 chl f-J t;1c,I ~ I < X t;.1-8
I c!.I ~ q -
Text1 15 ~ ',(ir: ( I *) 9.0 41 ~ fct F-1
g,a.i f¾ ......
c:.=a=c1 ::S,
.....
..--, '6....,~~~( cfi1-l) I I (7 I I •)
2."T""cfi...;..·
.--s!.l-1fol-11
f '51.-1
First Plate 16 cfi I a:t f t;1FcH-icl RP~ ~ ( I*) 312 I~ c:lja l-1a:t k I cfiI f-dcf-41.::a
=s:-11
1 ~ 'i-11 I cl I f~;i--s(I :[ 01'6.--S:::
i;rf~ c't4{l-l cfi I '6ful cfi: (I*) ~ (."tlcf-41- 17 ~ II (811*) cllfi:'fcfii~ l-11-81-i_414-1°141«i4ffcH: (I*) 'lJ
2 ~cll-Eicfi:i.1 c!.414c'tlct,"1f~a1 ~ 11 (111*) {-<;IIP-tl-16lil-1 l-11~1 1°11:1- ( si"iU-tl)
3 ~WT( ~) 'o"Ri l-1H o4 -8 J fbl I o I i 6 I f< cft9,;TfU1l' ~~~WT
(~)~(ml - Fourth Plate : First Side
18 "4"~1.:;qla:tL( l-lf6l-1Pf!Etclf8,cfi1{_ 11 (911*) ~l-ll<c!."at;ll_j,l91 Tu°~:
Second Plate : First Side 19 31;i cfi ~II~ P ll-1f.L9""1~:S:4: I f.;::i8 PI Ofl-
(I*) -:iiJI f4ol c'tI «:J,c't41'61-1
-r:r=-=n-m~-='"1,-n,-'~...,....,..m-r
4 41,(l I I 0111{_fct c:1j
c't9.0 4 CfH."1'
4"'-1 Q
I =ajOII L( fct is4I §.cU ~
~2:aqIfpr")pr
'::flc, If '::fl- 20 B=r ~ '1lcrIB1FITUT(cf:*) ~PifqJ,G--!gif-1q~~-lHlll{:
5 ?i~cl£4~ '8:S:J-J.f-Eie.~l-11(;:ii) cfie.~l-111{_ 11 cfili:fi,~- ~ 1JOTT(UT)"4"T
21 f'51.-l.--s!.'l_-:ill ( I*) ~ Mrn ~1R-lac11-3cfl~1 :
-qffi"( ftTcITT)
-

1. From the plates in Ind.Ant., Vol.VI. 1. Here both anusviira and visarga signs are shown.
-
Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas 115
114

Fourth Plate : Second Side

22 zj -;p-n:Fct~llci 11 (1111*) ~ ';!_ocf-jql::1,'11!!'41.q=nrnq¾'.:!,
j.:r -
No.24 : Plate XXIV
23 ci4o&J.tI ~l (I •) f\;;iJ.t~ 1 ~ ~a;tj" {1B I<~l t:i t;1fct -i-ff!4
'E.P-J.t
24 ~-&~ I 11 ( 1211*) ~~'£IT :fffiT ~-q: (I•) ~ Kasipura Plates (Durmaya Grant) of Ravivarman
~

25 ~ 'lj.f'--1@{-q~ cRT ~ 11 (13 11 *) {-clc!.'di 4<c!.*li cfT c:rr Provenance: Kasipura, Davanagere Dist., Karnataka
\
~ Reference; M.H.Krishna : Mys.Arch. Rep., 1943, pp.48
ff. and Plate VII.
Fifth Plate Language: Sanskrit.
Script: Southern.
26 ~~(-ui=c) lffit
(I*) c:tt:lB~~lful ~ ~ ~ 11 (1411 *) Undated. In characters of the 5th-6th century
Date:
a:tF~c!-dfi.M- A.D.
21 ~("ffi) ~~ qf1:q1R-fal-l_ (I*)~-;, F·F:l"d..fl 'l_oc(-ll-.:ilcfj<'llf---t
"'q 11 (1511 *) Text 1
2s .qf~fsi;i"s:,q-.:i11 c;ic1=cfa~
~
(BI e.~1qf1:c1F..s:=
~

29 .-lll.(IOli ~ d~~l{-c!IP·Hl-=>-'tfl~f II ";f"J.tl-;:p:f: ( II) First Plate

1 01 ff<i ( 11*) ~ ( I*) fct-.:illilf~~-.qj
Abstract {-cl I P-tJ.t~I l11Y I~ J 1011::1,.s:~ Id I f-qftst=a-;1-1 i YI .-loll B-
~ J1151
I o Ii ~ I f1:dl9,51 I o Ii g fo cfja {-cl I -&~ I '4'i:l ~ f q I.(I OI I 1-(3Tff~-a--.:il--1-1~~~1-1-1-l-(
Starts with an invocation to Jina and narrates the following.
3 cflc!.i.;q H 11-( "
~~CJJ"<'l"( ~) ~ 1.-lq fcl
F:
~" i ~ d 1--cl'41.-lI l-(
In former times the Bhoja priest SrutakTrtti, who had acquired
the great favour of the Kadamba king Kakutsthavarman, enjoyed J lTB A.J.-.-J
f-;;1c1 I (-;,"t•)
t}te village of Khe/a. \Yhen he died, there was the king '6 ~ <FclY~l-(1-.:ill("-.:il":)11 S/Yf-4!.llY lJ~cl½),-11 m-;,c!"1fwlcl"d..ft 11
Santivarman and his son Sri Mrgesavarman gave the grant again 5 ;6-11 !.II Y "'q'g~ct =cf~AI 3-1cr5i:£{
B F.-<Fct"1l4 cfi <-5-Zit U I Y "'q'gC°'4ct
=cf..ft ( I*)
for the sake of piety, and according to the direction of his father,
to the mother of DamakTrtti. The eldest son of DamakTrtti was
the door-keeper Jayakirtti. A family had been established in the Second Plate : First Side
world by the Acarya called Bandhu~erJ.a. In order to increase the ~, I fct-1 U I J.t f~ct =cf..fl
6 ;6-11 11 "B" c!.*1cl I f.:-qf'tRT 21~I Ilq q"')0 ofYI ,E-<4i
good fortune and fame of himself and his family and for the sake
of religious merit, he (i.e. JayakTrtti), through the favour of king gfau% (I *)
Ravi, gave the village Purukhe/aka to the mother of his own 7 "Bc;f?J"Ut t;1.qM I <'Gf1:~ I<B ocf 1-(
-l?Ic!.cfi J.t,E-<4-qruft"c!."c!.1 I I ;6-1
I¾.q.(-1 -
father. The lord Ravi established the ordinance at the city of 8 , TI51I .q f c:1fe.a 1i~, <_JI Y -11'4 etc!.q !=('I I .q 3-1«q fci d •
Palasika to the effect that the glory of Jinendra, which lasts for
eight days, should be celebrated regularly every year on the 9 ~ 4.(Yf--1@1.(lll-4 f-;;1.q~cfi{-cllfY~ 11 cl X 1ffiIT q1~f.qa1 cfT
~

full-moon of Karttika from the revenues of that village, that

ascetics should be supported during the four months of the rainy
season, and that the worship of Jinendra should be perpetually 1. From the plates published in Mys.Arch.Rep., 1943.
performed by the pious countrymen and citizens. 2. Expressed by a symbol.
116 Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas 117

land along with a house and necessaries in the village Durmaya,

G) four nivartanas in the village Karafzja situated in
Asandi-vi~aya; (3) four nivartanas in the village A(avura, and (4)
Second Plate : Second Side two nivartanas in the village Anegalli. These grants were made
11 ~i½:i,=a-i'l
'llcr@ II "cf ~
-qr;:rcr II on the full-moon Qay of the month of Vaisakha to
Triyambakasvamin of Atreya gotra.
12 ~~m :fFi1 ~"il«Pt{lf<M (: *) 1 ~ ~ ~ ~
(:*) ~ ~ n~(c.T) ~ 11 (111*)

13 fc! <'tl I J--tH<'tli cff ~

""lIT cfW"'tRT(~ *) I
"Effif(fit) cl 1:h-lt (:al I fut fq § I 4 i ~ TifiP--T (: 11 211 *)
14 fc! .-i!.I ti f!,1-1t =c.gcf4 ~ {q 1-1 :=llI 4 4 I c-FP·{_ ( I •) "<"Hcff i:m_;r.f irfu
<I..Jl~("'~p:-1"1j,41c-FP·{_ 11 (311*)
15 3-lf-i!.cf't1°fu(f3f)f'll~ ~:fil' 4R41(4..Jl-( (I*) ~ "cf (";:f)
F--1c1=cf~4oq{(silchdlf--1 "cf II (411 *)
"' c.

Third Plate : First Side

16 ;6-1:=lllll..J~ ~(fi..r:) ~:=lllll..J T.J t;(Rdl (I*)
t;{..fl-11 t;l{<-l~:fil' 't;"(";:f)~ ~ ~ 11 (411 *)
11 ~~H-c1.:it m ~ 1 fcr%f~Fcf
1-p3,-c.£tfl
1.
fcltstl-lchlfcfH. ~ ~~fc!· 9.:;4qtf¾(5J)cfll--l11 (611*)
18 ~~~ ..J "§; 4f,:;gs{ t;lajf<<-l fa (ftl"TI) P-1-c.gfoI
af,:;g s{ ffifm :fFiT fq ..JI~11-1 f'tjJI-6ۤ fo 11 (\911 *)
19 ~~fc!· t;101£ll<:!(~)~ ~ ~(W)fu "c1"~ I
~c-i-1,i;fiR.f mP-1~,(~)<tfll, ~ ~ 11 811·>
20 d-l~lf--1ta1-tfl..J<'"tf ~lUFi {1--il<o:gqft~Md (cfl-(J I 'llcffu ftcr(fc:tl)"c1"
tl I c:Pflt':1°

Third Plate : Second Side

21 1 "cf ~1~ 0 11-t--1dl(';:fl) ~ (11911*) ~ ~"il~f...s_{~ II

Abstract
The epigraph, issued from UcchrngI, states that the Kadamba
king Ravivarman made the following grants: (1) six nivartanas of

1. Read~
2. Read fcrqfq
 Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas 119
118 Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas

No.26 : Plate XXVI

No.25 : Plate XXV

Honnavar Plates of the time of Ravivarman and

KavacJi Fragmentary Inscription of Ravivarman
Kaikeya Citrasena

Provenance: Kavac;li, Kyasanur Hobali, Sorab Taluk,

Shimoga District, Karnataka State. Provenance: Honnavar, North Kanara District, Karnataka
Reference: B.L. Rice: Ep.Carn., Vol.VIII, Sorab 523. State.
Language: Sanskrit. Reference: M.K.Dhavalikar and M.S.Nagaraja Rao,
Anusfubh. Ep.lnd., Vol.XXXVII, pp.33 ff. and plates.
Metre:
Script: Southern, Box-headed. Language: Sanskrit.
Date: Undated. In characters of the Sth-6th cent. Metre: Verses 1-4 Anu~fubh.
A.D. Script: Southern Characters, Box-headed variety.
Date: Regnal year 1, Asvayuja Paun:iamasT. In
characters of 5th-6th century A.D.
Text 1
1. ...... ..£1
~JI ~I fit!~ t:r: Text 1
2 ..... .. ~J..t~tti U"m-~,fh:Fc1cp-i-fo1:
I
3 ....... Efch'3,=cti'i Bi 1Iffi'T~ -lfcl t!Z31ll I 11
First Plate
4 ...... 6<::-1
eh B ~'q,l
. ' _.:,,. ~
"'i I ( S*) '-1~'11 ~:j
' 1 H-l..sA~(I*) '31lfr-4 P-ta 1°1'1j
~:.s:ru fcl B J..t,~: (I.) !{l,~i:!.-i

5 ...... -q-rq-;r
'J:IT(S*) fq ~ 2 ';:f;>~"'i~ci: 4{l4;4f..j'qa;l1JT: (II 111*) ~ch'4';:f;>c.1B.

~ fcR ('.("q_) ( 11*) 3 ~a «rn:~'tlZ31-1I c.1'4: ( 1*) Z3l.qa I «1,ftj:( ~-

Second Plate : First Side

Abstract 4 'f~: t;IZ3lif6ci: 11 (211*) fc:IZ31'41'-<g,[ltl 1W-T-
5 lj,Oll I oI I c.1.tjj a cfi (."'ll 'C:.t5: »fl"f, tj ;t :fH J..t -
.... and Mrgesa's son, who ... hamalla - the queen herself, 6
'
t5Icfi~:
" p
.i;ff(fclJ..tt5I{I'l\
' .
~ t;l~IIBfci
p
~:
along with Ravivarman ... her son, obtained mukti, being like
the glory to Ravi (or the Sun) united with her son. Second Plate : Second Side
7 t;lq .tiJ..tH B·q ctl~ 1J~ 3-1I ~q ~'31q"\
~ i:; • •
8 OU f J..tlfl-lll-( 11 -ilf4tt4(-"4 (~) B~l{IJ..t cfiOIBl9,
9 Efllffi..:>-"cl
rcIT'elq<!.1£4ll.t!lll t;l<!."aql=-t_(I*)

1. From the plates published in Ep.lnd., Vol.XXXVII.

1. From the plates published in Ep.Carn., Vol.VIII. This record is 2. Expressed by a symbol.
3. The daf}qas are unnecessary.
fragmentary.
-
120 Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas 121

Third Plate
10 ~~m :!ml ~'4~-fPFUfc.R-f:(I*) ~ ~ ~ ~-
11 fi:r:~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 11( 3 11*) {<:l<i111-4{<i1i cfT m
<TI" No.27 : Plate XXVII
~~ ( I•)
12 ~ c1,-h-1t1~1ru1 ~ ~ n -u: 11 4 •11 m- Halsi Plates of Harivarman, Year 4
13 m(-;rr)qfa~:!,-11 m(-::r•)f--<il-11qfa-11 Fc-tfo=lctPiFa 11
Provenance: Halsi, Khanapur Taluk, Belgaum District,
Abstract Karnataka State.
Reference: J.F.Fleet : Ind.Ant., Vol.VI, pp.30-31,
The record commences with a verse in praise of Buddha. It No.XXV and Plates.
registers the gift, made by Citrasena-Mahlikel/a, when king Ravi Language: Sanskrit.
was ruling the kingdom, of a field called Kai:iasa-pukkoli, along Metre: Verse 1 Hari1Jf; Verses 2-4 Anu~fubh.
with the garden situated in Nlipitapalli. It is dated in the first Script: Southern, Box-headed.
regnal year of Citrasena-Mahlikella, Asvayuja, Paur1Jamlisf. The Regnal year 4, Phalguna su.13. In characters
record was written by Jinanandi- senlipati, son of Simha-senlipati. Date:
of the 5th-6th century A.D.

1
Text

First Plate
1 n-1..s:1:;!~
II {<:lf«i (I*) {<:IIP-Pit11'8'1'il~llUll:!,6!.llctlMMml'11'{_
'i I -1&.FEPTI
2 :;1I o 111-( t1I fnfl 9,:;1Io 111-( ID~~ f-c-~f
<£'41'4 'i::11 cfiT-::rTJ-l
cfi <l-l-1I(l'.-isfl)-;rT-
3 l-l-1(11{1-.il:
½flt1Rctl-l-lf ( 11*) ~: ~ ~~ f.:n.,qs:_q11-(
4 gc:fjfct~ ~: mITT
"ol.fT'ITT
-.iil(~~llilF<.qcil-( ( I*)

.,.. ~a-.ii ci F--1

f-q: rcr-
s C".
..s:
~ 1<::4 g Fc.l?!q f~ ~: ~{<:l~cii1.-(1"'T"i1;i~F
(1:;...,...,~....,11.,,..t1""1-:::r(1"'r+1
( l:f) -
fi=--.::g:-r---.:.-i-.-1flr.:,~r-,::if'l'

Second Plate : First Side

~mm: (I I 1 ~~ 4i I~:1°1 (-::r) Z!,iil?:;I
li cl R-11. < ~ '41'{_
0

6 11*) {-cl,( I;_;:;q -4"'1

~-
7 $ I<-1et·cHcfi l-1f
~Jfi·'411-( li OCl-.il-1Y -11 oII li f4~ olH ftTct"-

1. From the plates in Ind.Ant., Vol.VI.

1. The sandhi has not been observed here. 2. Written on the left margin.
-
122 Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas 123

8 "{~'ef( it) £1-11q f<e: q c.1If~I cfi1.q11-('YI{~I 'J\ fP fl5l

ffl-s·\$ ?I.:i1-
"
9 q fa 'tlfi .-1 :! ll ~H cfiIRa ,(---41
~< 1.q(H ,E--4\.Ifa cl tf1-11
e If~ cfi No.28 : Plate XXVIII
10 1-t($1l-lt$lrna-c1(<:-q21q.:if~.q~ a<clf~1e ,E-loq,Eftj-
Halsi Plates of Harivarman, Year 5
Second Plate : Second Side
" 'J\ .:i1.q
11 '1-fl " fta -rr-R=r fcc1tstll cl 'tl.-ficl 12.cfi. B oq"q R1$1Hl .1a .
~ 1i--S::<
~, .,._
Provenance: Halsi, Khanapur Taluk, Belgaum District,
12 ifcilcfiHll-( cllR~ 0 11-c114B~·t$«l ~~ \.llj,lcil-( Karnataka State.
13 ~ <flcl 1--(( 11*) "lf ~ ....q1.qct1f<rn:eyfir ",ET~ ( I*) Reference: J .F .Fleet Ind.Ant. Vol. VI, pp.31-32,
14 "lf~ {ll I[tst ('"1l'Y1-tl%{q(${fa ",ETF-1cfi
c.
ea Lti JI fa Ltcl I No.XXVI and plates.
Language: Sanskrit.
Third Plate Metre: Verses 1-3 Anu~fubh.
Southern, Box-headed.
1s mm(1·>d 'n->-=>-"cl
( 1·>fq <fl i q{<fl i cn <nm~~ ( ·>m1t
1
Script:
Date: Regn al year 5. In characters of 5th-6th cent.
cflf - A.D.
16 Bt$¾=llfu1~~TI ",ET: ( 11 2 11•) ~~m
:lf1=iT~-q- Text 1
17 «-l 1 1{1fc.f4: (I*)~~~ ~PH-fi,E--4 ~ ti<llficiP-l ("l-( 11 3
11 ~ * )fu First Plate
18 crqai cf'l=lYHl#ajlfl1° fl·.qy1f11l-( (I*) £1.-!li!IN ~- 1 ffl <>&~ II ~""f(f II ,E-clI P-1
Lt1$IB ~TfUfT-
19 ~ I I ( 41 I *) (S*) ~
-;:p:rr cf 'l:lLtH 1.q ( I I *) :!;~-q H o.q B 1 fl5lIo II(l-{)
ft:t'n->H 11-J.-l
10111l \.IFacfja fq Iv.H .q-c1~yq 1<1(<:)(7ff*)~
2 1$1Rct"19,5l cfi< &.s1
H 11-(
Abstract ~ ci q{I i;fi LtIcl IRf~ {cl ii fc:19,ci
3 Lt1$1{ 1-J\~hfc:1 cl u:f01: ",E-cl":i'J\
4 ~~: fct~.:L(fciti,clOOfF-1cfitst~ cfilLtlilfl 1
1°1
Records the grant of village Vasuntavlifaka, situated in the
district of Suddikundura to a Jain sect of Varishe:t:tacarya of the
Kurcakas by the Kadamba king Harivarman, in the fourth year Second Plate : First Side
of his reign, on the thirteenth day of the bright fortnight of the 5 ~ ll 11f-y&-1F~?i f~.q;:j\ .q,E--4....qI l?I q If~a I~(",ET) f~a BI~(".-!")~
month Phalguna, for providing annually at the great eight-days 6 f~faae1\.laafc11-tc.1.q~1B= fu.qa.:i.q: " R"e11qf,"cla
';loq'tl"cl
festival and the remaining portion, for feeding the Sarva-satigha
in the temple of Arhat. fc:19,ci
It is stated that the temple of Arhat was caused to be built 7 9.0.q,E-1
u:nf<a ~1:i..'h~fa&Bfc:I: fl oq\,l;:j\ l&<.q1i1j,<"cl~Lt I: Lt1$1{1-J\
at Pallisikli by Mrgesa, the son of the General Sim.ha of the
Bharadvaja gotra. The grant is stated to have been made when
t,he king was camping at UccasrhgT, on the advice of his uncle
Sivaratha. 1. From the plates in Ind.Ant., Vol.VI. .
2. This word is given in the margin of the plate, by the side_ of the hole for
the ring, instead of in its usual and proper place as the first word of the
1. Fleet gives an alternative reading as fc!m with question mark. inscription.

y-c · • • -
..
124 Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas 125

Second Plate : Second Side No.29 : Plate XXIX

9 ~ l-1°1Bfi• I .-;;P-1
cl ftl-1: tj 1-lf+~I tj I U..jfftj F~rn
g I l-11a'48-1 ~ ("41ci'48-1
10 <j_-.:illtf,Echl{f--1P.-l'tP·(11T~-.:il.-il4<-tllll~ '8~cfi1Uli ~ Saligol!i Plates of Harivarman, Year 8
11 "-11::!,~lf.-cti<l-.:ill--4fct~l4-1'41 l-l<c!.!.lll-l~'tlcll-i,_ (I*) <-1"~ X
cfic:.If-cl c:.q
Provenance: SangoUi, Sampagaum Taluk, Belgaum Dis-
12 ~ 4 .:,.tj l-1t 141a cfi tf '3,m 1 'qqftf ( 1•) "'4"~rrf~.m~rra q:;a l-(
"B""a <'9,G4
trict, Karnataka State.
Reference: K.N.Dikshit : Ep. lnd., Vol.XIV, pp.163-68
Third Plate and Plates.
13 3-lcl 1$Jlctlfa ( 11) ,:hh-=>-tj 11 fclc:.'tl i 4{C:.'tl i cfT -tjr m ~~ Language: Sanskrit.
(I*) l-ffucrpf) - Metre: Verse 1-3 Anu~fubh.
Script: Southern, Box-headed.
14 '8~~1fu1~ ~ TI "B'": 11 (111*) ~~'tlT :In1T
Date: Regnal year 8, Asvayuja ba. 15, Vi~upa. In
U-.:ilf'1-I
~--lPI< I fc;(f-q:) (I*)
characters of the 5th-6th cent. A.D.
15 ~ ~ 7:fc!:T ~P.=t@l--4 ~~ <fc:.T ~ II (2 II*) ~
~o/~ I Text1
16 '1-1
J -11-tl·"t-~ I 4 '4 f--tj ~ ( I•)
'81j,C:.I ~dl-( 11 (311 *) First Plate
1 H-la&&( ( 11) ~c'f ~cl~l(1~-.:il2.ll-1'1jZ -~l-1°-s-1: ( I*)
Abstract ~ -1I~ f--1tj -1~~I iigf ocf~ cll':lI ( -5::.51
J I a I J..qfa: ) ( I I 1 I I* )
2 fct -.ii.q8t-::ii l-1~ I i1-1 YI~' I 0 1I ::!,a&'ilI a IMM m 1-l I l-(
'4 .-f-41l-( fcl I P--t
Records the grant of village Marade by the Kadamba king
Harivarman, son of Ravivarman, in the fifth year of his own reign, 3 l-11-lolH-Pfl~IOlll-( ~lfldl9,511°11l-( Yfac:tjafclla&'ill'4tj:3l
from his capital at Palasika, at the request of king Bhanusakti, 4 4i:uu11l-( ~1r--1a~1-11l-( i:fic:.~1-111-( d-l~cfi-.:il..:Y1.:a(u) -
belonging to the Sendraka family. The gift was for the use of 5 q F-c1
a fcl ('9,)'~Cg;) a '4 {--eh~ '4 ~I '81 l-( ma;n(ftcr) ~-
holy people and for the purpose of worship in the Jinalaya which
was the property of the sect of Sramai:ias called Ahari~fi and the
superintendent of this sect was Acarya Dharmanandin. Second Plate : First Side
6 ~= '8 cfi aFe.("'l"Rf)uf< a 11-la cfi"tf-Jx~aJURTf~ a :.v,afcl -1<-1
7 4fcl Gla ~1<-lll F~ I Fa:z},~4<l-l l-1I~ ~cl<~ ~0~flcl l-l-jf
8 gc1...{l-lH<l~ll:!l-ltfclrt-1{ d-ll~cl'3,-.:illl-llcll8-11'4i ~
9 fcl '1jci I f-q~ -&'4 3'.l~ ~ tj 1-lfcfi
ocfcl<41< 11"'-<-1"· l-lff--1<tt ct-<..j":
1. There being no room for this letter ya at the end of the line, it is inserted
below the letters sam'ii.
2. This word was omitted in its proper place in the line, and was then inserted 1. From the plates in Ep.Ind., Vol._XIV. . .
in the margin at the end of the line, and two Svastikas were employed to 2. This word is written in the margm opposite hne 2.
indicate the place to which it belongs. 3. Read -w.
-
Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas 127
126 Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas

Second Plate : Second Side No.30 : Plate XXX

11 ("~TP::J::f'l-"7:l:
cfil~l~lfllfl5P-'1°= ~~~~p:ifc1«~1A-\'-
-1I JI ~ I u:f 5(1
o I~~ 'l-"7:l: MahamaJappa!!i Grant of Harivarman, Year 8
12 l PhPfl¾'l-""ll: fq 6uJ~Iu:f \.l-31
I q fa ~I u:ffq~ ~I u:f~ll:
cf,~ RHPTI¾-Ql:
Provenance: Not known.
13 ~ l-1l:t~I u:fc·cO~~I u:fl<:ti.-< ~lu:fcl {IOI ~I 1-l{~"ll:~ I fq t!H-PTI¾~""ll: Srikantha Sastri, Savinenapu (Kanna<;la),
Reference:
.q ~I ~~P-l-lY p.794 and plate; B.R.Gopal, Corp.Kad.lns.,
14 ~("~)~1u:fq!{!qfo~1u:ffi,-54~1u:f~ll: 'i'.13fci'4fPTIS41'4 cl-1~1u:fui No.32, pp.119 ff.
1s c1~.-<cHPTIS41'4 \.l-311qfa~1u:fcr1 cfil ~.qqJflS41'4 ~1-11:c~1u:f(ut) Language: Sanskrit.
16 flle!li:,~IQfq-qp"f "flcf~ fl4Hl'4(~)i:,lclUP·-t.-<*lcll==( (I*) Script: Southern, Box-headed.
Date: 8th regnal year, Asac;lha, su.8. In characters
of the 5th-6th century A.D.
Third Plate
~ 4.:,-'q1-jt;l4ldcfift
0

17 ""lIT(S*)~(~) 9,m'1 'llcf"@ ( I*) U~("c'fl "'t:f Text 1

~)~ -
18 ~ (I*) 3m-:>-'i'.I (l*)~'tfPJniT~'i-lB-Pl:tlf<f<q. (I*) First Plate
~~
1 :f<:!F@ m fq -31.q~ -31·-lk-4 i ~ u:f l-1~ I :t1-31~
19 "'4cJ 'ij_P-tl-a~ ~ cf<T ~(II 2 II*)
2 <
cfi J<slI -1i :f<:!I fi, l-1~ I fH 1-1
I~ JI 0 1I :1,.;i;:'il
Id I
:f<:!C.*1i 4:CC.*1
i cfT m (~)
""lIT I
3 l'i-!Mm~ l-lH6'4ftlflS4~ ~1f.i:0"19.
20 ~ (I*) f:lfeelt:ffl €H3!I fuI ~ ~ TI ~: ( 11311*) ffi f...s.:tfg
4 ~ :cfct:Cl-3iflJ.qfH'4~ mt;f<qu:fon
(I*)
21 (-;:p:rr) ~(ft)~(".(N){U'4ll'q'l-"7:l: (I*) :f<:!f«i 1J(~)'l-"7:l: (II*) Second Plate : First Side
5 "Eit "ff~ awl~ ~Wtl~fll e.
I J..'4i
Abstract il.:i1qfcH1'514~isii..S: (:*)

Issued from VaijayantI, - the inscription records the grant of 7 m~-fJ,\.lU~F--n:rn~n~: flRlcti\.l -
village Tedliva to twenty-three Brahmai:ias of eight different ~ .:iq {:
8 -31141 ~ fq 6uJi:,I ft q u:f~ u:fl-1~ I
gotras, all well versed in the Atharva-Veda, by the Kadamba king 9 ~: a:tf;1'4t:f'i-f(:*) ~1@ 0 1~ (:*)
Harivarman, on the Amavasya in the month of Asvina during his
eighth regnal year. Some of the gotra names of the Brahmai:ias
are very unusual e.g. Kaimabala, Kalasa, Sravistha, Valandata, Second Plate : Second Side
Caiiliya. 10 "B"1'€{~~1,1~a1.q clc.clc.1-1fq1:c1 1I.q

1. Read~- t. From the plates published in Savinenapu_ pp.798-9?, T~e. text published
2. K.N. Dikshit reads {l:f*)~ but the correct reading is s:)ur. in the Volume is full of mistakes. The thud plate 1s m1ssmg.

-
c-•·· - ~
128 Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas
Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas 129
11 ~ H Yc!.I(-q) 3..ft a ~Fll {Ill fl oq~II~ I~-
12 'tj{~...S:ll chifu..s.:<!pfl~lll mcfl"u(?:)c:T-
13 J..t~p:tj'iJI ~1-tjl~f;q tj.:S~·fq< ~car-
14 ~ Lt61Ltlci5UjfciUlt.f f141..ft;qq1i(cf) No.31 : Plate XXXI

Abstract Devagiri Plates of Kr~l}avarman I and

Yuvaraja Devavarman
Incomplete. Registers the gift of the viJJage Mahlimli{appali
to liclirya Vira-Dlimasarman of Kam:ic;linya-gotra and weJJ-versed
in the Vedas and Vedangas. The donor was Senapati Provenance: Devagiri, Haveri Taluk, Dharwar District,
Vi~1J,udlisavarman who is described as the best among the Karnataka State.
K~atriyas and as a brlihma1J,a-k~atriya. The date of the record is Reference: K.T.Telang : JBBRAS, Vol.XII, pp.300 ff.;
the eighth regnal year of king Harivarman, A~li<J,ha,su.8. J.F.Fleet, Ind.Ant., Vol.VII, pp.33-35,
No.XXXV.
Language: Sanskrit.
Metre: Verses 1-7 Anu~fubh.
Script: Southern, Box-headed.
Date: Undated. In characters of the 5th-6th cent.
A.D.

Text'
First Plate
1 f-8 :..S:L(-:i ( I*) fq ~ ll f~ 4°c:t"tl ~ r1.tLt 61 fl 1Lt"TcJ"1TUf(UfT)
-
:!:~'i-f m 8-1 Lt 1-1o;qfl l i) ~ 8-1
Ft>1
2 ID"(tcfl~'6.;q Ill 'tj-c.lj f (W) q I {ll 8-1 ~ I f<cti I e=t{I~ ftff~ ~ 1-1i
"
3lff~ a~ -1I 1-<il
Hi
3 cti<ksll-1i '6ll-lfLt61{1~8-l ~'6llllf--iH: f1Lt{lf'::i1a
fq 38 ~cf uffll
4 fll1.t.:a:i:1~fq~tj{M~:!J8-l") -11ll~Hl'it>RI ~~ ~l{<Lte1

Second Plate : First Side .

5 -.:J'q~fC:.d~lf~lfl~-*icfild4~8-J '£f~J..t61{1~8-J ~lcfjt:.Olcfl-l-fOT: m-
6 ~ ~ (er•) cf uf '3,cl{I ~ : ,fq 9,0 ;qq; e=tI f'4cfiiPJ"llTF~C11
cfi'lj__
a f.ern< f~ H :

1. From the plates in Ind.Ant., Vol.VII.

2. This is expressed by a symbol engraved on the left margin of the plate.
Fleet reads it as m
 Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas 131
130

7 <t:.P-J{Ycfd-1~ ~: ~: '21f-Yl<:.'"lll~ ·1-p.:i~l,8:fii=U~-14f~41~

8 .q1q.:fl.q(""ff•)~'l-<l: f'8<6.c½-i<l1.{lsJ\41.-1-1~ f--1crJ.:i1f--1~ <-rjqi--(
( 11*) <TI"(S•)~ No.32 : Plate XXXII
Second Plate : Second Side
Birur Plates (Spurious) of
9 3-1q~-rj f ""ff 4-:,-'q4 ~ I 41a cfi ff (""ff) <J,mT('n11) cqqf-a- "ITT(<TI")-
Vi~9uvarman, Year 3
(S•)~~(fPJ)"ID ""ff 9.0.qq;<:?14:;ej<l ( 11*)
10 ~ °'q'("'q") ( I*) "tl(~)~(ocf)~qr ~ ~-q:"""",Hl""T"T""T'lll......,{lr-f':fcn.~
(: I*)
~~~~:2~~ Provenance: Birur, Birur Hobali, Kadur Taluk, Chik-
magalur District, Karnataka State.
11 -a-qr(~) (-q_) 11 (11 I*) 3lT(3l)
"lh"<:.-1" fci!.~-dffi'l-1'3l(:J)~~~ Reference: B.L.Rice : Ep.Carn., Vol.VI, p.91, Kd.162
q ftq I f (1 a((f1--{)( I •) ~ -;, f--1q =d'.:a
'! ocf:i:I sJiqj a I F--1"'q" Language: Sanskrit.
( 112I I*) Metre: Verses 1-3 Anu~tubh.
12 ~ "<"TTI
«1-1~ =cgcftj ~:"lcf ("4"·>~~ q 1<:?1 ·H",.fl--{)
(1• > m err -qfITT Script: Southern.
~ < H i-6€}'41
(S*)j4 I<:.'1-1
(-q_} Date: Regnal year 3, Phalguna su.5. In characters
of the 8th cent. A.O.
(11311*)~

Third Plate Text1

13 ~ <-rj i q {< *1i cfT <TI" ~ ~'effi (Ull ) ( I •) 1:'ffttcl ttfrn<"iI faI
~~TI; ""ff: 11 (41 I*)
14 ~~~Uf cfi<1-€l<j;>~TI1l ( I*) -:i:-urf~Uf ~it-;, ~
~r~f,04qocfa 11 (511·>
15 <lll~a«<-c:ll~l<'!ag;a.q:i,01(u'f)~ (I*)~ qdfcficfr{ 01 ~(m)

~~(~Ii (611*)
16 sJ\'4 fl1 ~f Bil "11
c4-i.:?T: "ffocf ( ocf) :! ('~l)"d°f~cfi~: ( I •)
{llll?Jft~ll(S•)-.::i-:=al(S•)-1..:c1~H~Jft:;eq:i_: 11 (71 I*) Second Plate : First Side
5 Ya ~.-1
-1 "'q" '8 OC4'8fcl ('tcf) < ll I <:j,-1I f;.sJIfcl[«:!,&gH 4-1 :~-
6 ::!,<cfi"'Pj,<"PWt ~(1 --t -t,f
ft...,::.......q:::r=cfi:-ffl"'r-'8r-=ar-r'8...,aj=51~1
q~a.;..,·
'8~<.......C:f
PJ-
Abstract
7 'Q'fTq~ cl «1-1ffi cl «q f,q :;ecl LI~ ~ cfi60 I cl l-1-j
~-
Issued from Triparvata, the inscription records a grant of a 8 uf1-ttil{l;j\~iga.:i~.:i 1-11.:io.q{llfl5l~jftd)-
field ( of the measure of) twelve nivartanas by the royal measure,
at the village of Siddhaked'iira, to the sects of the y'iipan'iy'iis for
repairing anything that may be broken and for performing the
worship of the temple of the holy Arhat by Deva or Devavarman
the son and yuvar'iija of the Kadamba Mah'iir'iija Kr~1J.avarman.
1. From the plates in Ep.Car., Vol.VI.
2. Because of the late characters, this record is considered as spurious. But
1. Sandhi has not been observed here. the contents seem to be acceptable as contemporary events.
 Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas 133
132
Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas
Fourth Plate : Second Side
Second Plate : Second Side 29 :i;q <-rj i 4{<-rj inf
i cfT <TI' ~~(U1--{_ ) ( I *) ISlfueltfB t ~ I f-1(fur)
9 9,-;1
10

12
~
-cqmt
Qfa cfja :i;q I 'bli I ll
~~fe1<~P-110:sfacti1-1
11 ~, fa e1cti
f~cfi
-i:-.1

~11f-ftct=!.cta:f~a:f1-1t1=!.1-:i11-1:!,~lczt
fct 6uJ,cfi:l=t'tl
-1 cfi< ¼ -1 .i,r'1

l.4ct:J1-112l~-t'ct@
i:l=t
€ffU -
fu:sacl (~
~ 1\1f4 ai. s,Ft-
~
~ (,;JIB)~ 11 (31 I*)

Abstract
The inscription records the grant of shares of lands to
Third Plate : First Side
eighty-five brahmarJ,as (names mentioned partly) situated in the
village Katattaka in Sindhuthqya division by Vi~rJ,uvarman with
B !(!.l3?
13 CfiI ~1011-11 R.li
4-:>--i:I ~ I aj Ul'l-"c:f:';!i {i';!i ffi -l-"c:f:~ cfi1C1-1I £4- the permission of his uncle Santivaravarma-dharmamaharaja in
14 f~1ct1u.fll~1uf~uf'l."c:f: ti:Oa1ll ~{i~p--1-f~ ~(ftT)- the third year of his reign, on the 5th day of the bright fortnight
of the month Phalguna.
u:i f ll cfi I ~ ll "q"-""ll':
15 ~cti"-4t=!.i"-4tu:if£4:i;q11-il21~'l-"c:f:~ 3-113Mlll <ctlu:ifll ctlf~lel-
16 'l--zj ~(cfT) qi:R"ll
I I u:if'l--zj 'cfffil'l-"c:f: qo;g i£4ll~ 1£4-1 Ill i ~mnf-
17 'l."c:f:
cfi")I
'
f~ I cfi i 'l-""l!T'-t~cf~i~£4..-1-B~"l
1-l"T'TI
......
~ . "lfi --1:"
°
cfi lfu :S;.q I ll ciil'-4 ~ P-4 I 6 =!.Id I ll
u:i...+i"-""lfl
')

18 ml-I"~,a:fcri

Third Plate : Second Side

19 ~mT("~T)""lf ~mc:llf""lf ,q I =!.[1-:ilIll ,ra ~I A-f uf f<
Q,cf1-11
I ~FI
q,:,.-i:! fa 'l-"c:f:
20 ~ ft.r~'4 ll I.(I ~ mqf'cq cfi cl <:.141 =!.~"I cfi I ei-1f-1~ ~ ll B I ~ cfia g I cfi
21 mi=t .:t4!.4<4'4B"lP-.:t Btctia:fBcti-1~1:ilgiiil~ -¾~11qfaf-q: f.:rcr-
22 ffi.:t ~I '2H ~ <-rj cl I 'l_ ( I*) "B" 4 HIll 4 id -m::fa:t 011-ltl1-l=lfctfu

23 cfi'l-lf'i-l<Q<~i ~ dl~~IIB.:t1j,4f-1ii1..&(~ (I*)~~

Fourth Plate : First Side

24 lllSli[I 3q4');gj cfiUfti""lf: "B" ~aj¼llfP-il~f4-;ll-i:1i£4~-
25 '1 ci~TI
"cl~ :.!,{i<j .(l 11-l Ri I<-1I (1 .:t11-l~1-1-f
lOl I 1-4-ici1-lcl j C(:.q fa
26 4,:,.-i:l1-Jtl4idcfil44idcfiB.1'ffi~ ,qfcf 6llfa ( I*) ""lf: ~ ~
21 q f,( q I e1 P:rtx:rf(f "B" 'ITT'tn'ci"-qp'llfc:16ll a°l("ll fq ~ (m't-l) ( 1*)
~~m~-
2s 'cffiT =!.1-:il-:ilf'i-lR·Pl=llf<f"-f: ( I*) ~ ~ ""lf<T'l;LP-i«-1¼ ~ ~
-a-<T-q,<?f(~) 11 (211*)

1. The intended reading may be ~1•fl6c.1mf~=.

 Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas 135
134 Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas

10 3-1I fl-1F--1
( :)~~ Jft
.q fc.:CI011q__ a 1-J
-Ellfl51Ill ~-
11 £t -1rcr~
3lf-q,iH -ElA.i"11 £t LIfot5tFc:1t5tClq&sf2. !.Ii'-1(: *)
12 -Ellfaqf~'5-IIR412.H1~: oo'a;ror: -El4Hlll4ld:
No.33 : Plate XXXIII
Third Plate
. Grant of Visnuvarman,
Perbbata .. Year 5 13 .::s-1<;0,5 fucfi{I <q1~: 4Hflc!.ll....qI Cl1 3-1U €\1U
Fc:1 ~: I
14 ~ "'i:I" 11 P-n~ ~·) 4-::,-'q1-J€\l4ldcf>l-t·::F'hlcqq-fu 11
Provenance: Kora, Tumkur Taluk, Tumkur District, Kar-
nataka State. Abstract
Reference: Mys.Arch. Rep., 1925, p.98.
Language: Sanskrit. Records the grant of village Perbbafa (as Brahmadeya)
Metre: Verse 1 An~tubh. including Sattipalli and Jaripota in the district called Mahi~a by
Script: Southern, Box-headed. Mahlirlija Vi~1J,uvarman, the eldest son of Mahlirlija Kr~1J-avarman,
Data: Regnal year 5, Karttika su.15. In characters born in the Kadamba family. The donee was a Brahmai:ia (name
of 5th Cent. A.D. not given) who belonged to Gautama-gotra and Sukla-
Yajur-veda.
The record describes the king as being installed on the throne
Text1 by a certain maharaja called Slintivara and a Pa/lava king.
The grant was issued from the camp at Kuq,alilr, on the
First Plate fullmoon day of Klirttika during his fifth regnal year.
f«i 11 "Girn·cp I cH1I ~ fc:1tSuJ,1I ~
1 -1:-c1 ;tj ~
cfaJffi ( I*) ~,fh-fc!
~~
2 -::rrf~ fq a 11-J €\I fl 11-JI~ JIO 11:j,e:mnf'Y ftj ffi I 1 i
€\: I I ( 11 I*) -l:-clI P-t1-J
3 1-JH&HPn:;1101i €\IRd'19.:;11°1i t;1fct~a,1;-c11'bqllJ'i:l-.::--i:lf
4 ~(UTT)~ cfi < k.i H I q__ =lt;1fa fci.11.s.i
3-11-J -81 ~'el~.q-1~f-J1,.___1
:

Second Plate : First Side

5 ~I" cfic. 60 l<=:l
l-l-f1-J61{ I'51~ ,j,!:ni
.._ R .._ .a-H
'>Ill a 1 .£11 :::. Hl .cfi2.1
cfi -El1-J "'
T
6 ~'elfc:1'3\lH -El&f~ll~cfii:.1141{llUI '8Rlcfi,l.,1'3\l41c-·H<
7 ~ ,(-li:'lJ,(-1;:q;:f4{1-J4HfJUl11 ~llf--fiq{l-J€\l{l'31
8 q ~ cl·-s:J
f-qftSf·tfH -~f1fc:1roJ,et l-l-f
1-J s (1 :Cf~
€\I :c1-}i1 c!j_

Second Plate : Second Side

9 ~ '31ll l-tcl R-1{ 4"""-i:IY cfi I f-Jcfi 4-;)I
l.,lcl...{LII 1 Fc:1 0 fl-lI ./?1I q__

..
1. From the Plates in Mys.Arch.Rep., 1925.
 Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas 137
136 Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas

Second Plate : Second Side

7 ~ I -1,8 'PJ,ur: ~ Fct6uJ,cfll-fmocf'Gll-l": ~ { I ,i-lH cl l-j ~~
No.34 : Plate XXXIV ~lclOl4loof'-llf-lli fu~
8 if~~ 311-8 .-{.I I tj_{ ~ cl I Fa<cl 4 { l-1nfaI l-1I '4 a -18-1 ~~

Mu{Jigere Plates of Vi~9uvarman, Year 9 ~go.q1i-

9 ffi1~~2f 3:i·~-,
'8~-=<:".......,Al~a-,2.-,-,
...,.cfi--,{--.-.'4TTl=-a,...,.:i:..-,q-r1
l;_""=.qTTTI
:
"I ftso
I cf'd-1 '-t I :41-(
Provenance: Muc;tigere, Tarikere Taluk, Chikmagalur dis-
trict, Karnataka State.
Reference: B.R.Gopal: Corp.Kad.lns., pp.132 ff. Third Plate
Language: Sanskrit. 10 ~~ e:-acl I f.:i fa (I*) 3 'ffi,:>'<-~ (I*) ~f''qo"cf~m :!;ml'
Metre: Verses 1-3 Anu~/ubh. ~'j-H-~·Pl{lf<fcq: (I*)~~
Script: Southern, Box-headed. 11 7:f<T cqfi:r.~ ~ ~ o<1 ~(~) (211•) ~e:-ai 4=!.<-ctierr "lfl"
Date: Regnal year 9, Sraval)a, Paurl)amasI. In char- "'
~~~("Uq_)
acters of 5th-6th cent. A.D.
12 "lfecltt'86Qilfbl ~~TI "'-8"(:11311*) ~ II

Text1
Abstract
First Plate
Registers the gift, made by king _Vir1Juvar~n, of six
1 f-8..S:1-( ( 11*) ~F~ ( 11*) -.iflfr,4fcri:a1+-~~-p1q~1.:n;(~)-;:r: ( I*) nivartanas of land situated near the lake AsandI in Asandyalura
f'5-l~~: 4l~~cP4f.:i(',41541~1~ 11 (111*) in Sendraka-vi~aya. The gift was for the worship in the Jaina
2 -Ff : '8 I e I<~ li=fil I-.i-4I '4 I :
q;,.,.-.if....,......'4-"'~,_-.if~.q-~~, Y ~ II fo 8,: cfi < ~ I ...
ti di cfj60 I temple (Arhat-ayatana). The king is described as the eldest son
of Asvamedhayajin Kr~1J,avarma-dharmma-maharaja and of the
cl w:f
'-I@?FU
-.if- daughter of a Kaikeya king. The record is dated in the ninth
3 'l::P-lf
8-l '-I H oll-8 lfl:4 8-1 ~ ~ '41f'5-l-1: ~ ig a -1ll: %6h.q=!.I-.if- regnal year, _Srava1J,a, Paur1J,amasT.
~ 1Facfi I J ,~'qcf.
"'

Second Plate : First Side

f
4 ~-J1'1-J1..,If-.:la~ cfi~cqpft -8 l-1{'8 ll l{cl JI(TIT) cl I ufcfluf: cl I f'5-ll I-.if-
7f".-'61ct~l<S>C.-
.,
5 -...ftra~ ~ :j,ocf< I~ I f'-1-8 '-t '4 ,fi '-t i -8 '41 3l fc:4f< a-
ITT~~: <clii41tJUl-
6 ~~fc4[<4J_-.iflf.-l{ci: 4~cl~I~: cfic!.~Hi '-16I{I-.if: ~-
f eti;t>l-1Fc4-

""
1. After the text published in Kanna4a Prabha (Daily) of 7.8.1983 and in
Corp.Kadamba Ins., No.36, pp.132 ff. 1. Sandhi has not been observed here.
,-

139
138 Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas

Second Plate : Second Side

R.,;qa.:i ;q: ~'cf~lf61-jcl R.14_ci-.ii
ll...:1-1
l<Jll-fi·I llcs,~'f.4~1'4.-lf< Jll-31~:
7
No.35 : Plate XXXV 8 ~ \.IBl<::l,4\Jilclf.fl ~ m~ \.lftllflf4 ~ ~-
9 i-1.( B ~Hi .q I ft 9,-;1 i cl <--1cfi l-JC1\.IB I< B Idc=,q~ Ift
q fa 9,<=Hi'H

Mii(.ligere Plates of Shhhavarman, Year 5

Third Plate : First Side
c=,q
I Jfl<-41 P-15lln-'4~-c.gl ~'1-j,<tSIU-51-j0 -s.:i fqo-5-q--s(I< ;q:
Provenance: Muc;ligere, Tarikere Ta]uk, Chikmagalur dis- 10
trict, Karnataka State. 3-1..\cfi~IIB41~-
Reference: B.R.Gopal : Corp.Kad.lns., pp.139 ff.; G.S. 11 BI cl e:1a I J.J(~*) Fa.i::f<fa«a J1t.if@Fc1~ 1.i::B1-j1~ 1.i::-.ii
f-=la
Gai, Ep.lnd., VoJ.XLII, pp.187 ff. & Plates. a q-1'1.q1=qe1F~llq .i::i:t
Language: Sanskrit. ,:;g I '4 I '4 l-Jj,cl ::J~ ~:
12 =qcfi f ct ci f k-i -1'1½._f--cf 11-j\.Ic=,q
°'1~ ~:p:1=:rf-c-~cfi I <~ I :
Metre: Verse 1 : Arya; Verses 2 and 3; An~fubh.
Script: Southern, Box-headed.
Third Plate : Second Side
Date; Regnal year 5, Pau~a, 10 (dasamt). In char-
acters of 5th-6th cent. A.D. 13 "l-Jl
(cfT) ~t.J Mm~<:!, l-J~ I { I -31--1 ~~~<t:.q
B ocfi-1.::i F:aa:
a a «-c1 .i::1~ q-:,.=q
Text 1 14 .::r B·clctH 1Wf.,m fu~ <:?IR.111-("{f ~ cfic.~1.-lli:l-J~lll-.ii:
m- ~ :;,, '
First Plate 15 cfl-1-lf'4 J I cl a I l-J~ a I l-JI '4 ft .-1./?-I 1fil'~ ~ ·-·W
..........,-<,...,,cfir-r'=<q
.i=:f 3-11B
=t51-:n-;q tj__.(
1 3TI~-8:1f~ 11 mcl ~nae1f--1.qa=cg1-4I \.11-tl<t.Jll I fcp:n,ft
I 1-jci-.ii e1 (I*)
2 ~ -.iil!cfi~Hf--54'9,cl·H-lcfic-ilftq;lp-l~ B.s_a.f: 11 (111*) Fourth Plate
~Tul"T'rf
...., , .. , , "-I 'Ji '"i 1"'-
.,,....f, ~...---,,..,..
c,,, ~ 0 1q I e;q 1: 3-1"
16 3-1-1~B~~-+'"1.....,a....,2.-r.1
cfi~:i?-1'"" -1 -1
q-:,.=qf--1cl ::J.:il-JI :;f
3 fq Zii.q~ (~)-.ii '4.ffi cl F--1
ft 1-41: BI e!l<~lcfi.(I~ fqt.Jml-fi·I .q1:
l¼:15l-<"acll-{_
Second Plate : First Side 17 B ocfq f.(6 ,·at
f~fa II 3 ffi-:,.'tj II ~~m '9,mT~'4 llP 1.i::
1ftf'4:
4 «~
&< £1lfl=q{l f-i:Ift-8:1I P-1C'CI cfi< ~ 1--1
i d1ctj ro1cl a.f- (I*)~
't.la.fl-! 61- 18 ~ ~ 'lj_f~~f<-1 ~ (fcJ ~ II (211*)
5 .(1-.ii,!?-I 1-jH 0 -4B lTI;l ./?-1~ l'.l'4 ~ .q:?TI1-j.q\.Ifacfitt:
c.
R.I'4--1R I -8:1c.=a
I 1-4-l<"aioclI '11 m "cll!-
i ~ ~i ~ fq
6 cl f!,1-jctlcl '4_1-jU-5+::f;i run:- 19 ~ (I*) tsifec1ctB~~1fo1 ~~TI "{f (:11*) ~ II

Abstract
Registers the gift, made by the king_Simhavar'1!an, of_ f~ve
1. From the impressions supplied by the Director of Epigraphy. The text nivartanas of land below the lake called Asandt in Asandyalura
published in Kannaqa Prabha (Daily) of 7.8.1983 and in Corp. Kadamba
Ins., pp.139 ff. contains many mistake .s; see also Ep.Ind., Vol.XLII.,
pp.187 ff.
2. Expressed by a symbol in the left margin of the plate. 1. This seems to be a mistake for~-

/JJJT?TT " ... ....

140 141
Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas
Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas
situated in Sindaka-vi~aya i.e. Sendraka-vifaya. The gift was for
worship in the Jaina temp]e (Arhantam=ayatana). The king is
described as the grandson of Kr~1Javarman I, the performer of
horse-sacrifice (Asvamedha-yajfza-yasomaya-pratikrti) and as the No.36 : Plate XXXVI
son of Vi~1J,uvarman and a1so as anointed by (god) Vasava and
by a king ca11edSarvasena-maharaja. He is a1so described as born
to a mother be1onging to the Kaikeya fami1y. SivaUi Plates of K:r~9avarman II : Year 7
The record is dated in the fifth regnal year, Pau~a, tenth day.

Provenance: Sivalli, Shikaripur Talu k ' Sh·moga

I
District,
Karnataka St_ate. d K V Ramesh : Cop-
Reference: M . S · NagaraJa .Rao
.
an
.,
· ·
Karnataka-Recent
er Plate Inscriptions J rom
P .
Discoveries. (lgSS) , pp.1-4 and plates.
Language: Sanskrit.
Metre: Verses 1 and 2 Anu~tubh.
Script: Southern characters. 6h t A D
Regnal year 7' First half of the t cen . . .
Date:

Text t

Inscriptions from Karnataka- Recent

After the text published in C.P.
1. Discoveries, p.3- 4 .

,.,,..
 143
Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas

Abstract
Records that the king Kr~1J.avarman II made a grant of six
nivartanas of land called Ni<;\uvoland measured by the rod named
Kiirppafesvara .1 This land was situated to the east of the
Bandanike village and adjoining the land called Mahesvarik~etra.
It was irrigated by the waters below the tank called Santa situated
to the left. The donee was a Brahmai:ia called Ravisviimin
belonging to Aupamanyava-gotra, who was well-versed in the
three Vedas, viz. ~g-veda, Yajur-veda and Sama-veda. The donee
Text3 also received the gift of a house situated to the south of the same
village.
The epigraph is dated the seventh regnal year of the king, the
full-moon day of the month of Karttika.

1. Read tf11--11.:afefe1 1. In the Km:itagani plates of Ravivarman (No.18), the land granted is also
2 · Kanna<;ta I is used here called Karppafesvara and the present grant makes it clear that it was a
3. Sandhi has not been observed here. measure named after the deity called Karppatesvara.

-----~~
,..

145
Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas
144 Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas
10 Lttl :Cl-JiI(~) 1~1 ( S*);J cf>fq 'il I fq ~11:CC:
fq <,;ti W fll ~ -~fl
cfj 60 1et l-lf
11 4 t l<l'J!-i ./;-clc:fjc4at C"Iq.(j <,;ti'1141
r~a<l-i-4 r~
12 4.(1-!cjij©OC!-i llR!cfi9-Jil4l<:1-iC:.~ ~
No.37 : Plate XXXVII 13 et -'Lt H f q -Ji'4<I-i-4 ll et M ~ cfi I f-Jq; 1i I .g

Bannaha!!i Plates of Kr~9avarman II, Year 7 Third Plate : First Side

14 3ilqc44101q~ q..::,-=qRjj~1?.!Hafef cfi~,f~tcf>lllfl-341'4
Provenance: BannahaUi, Chikmagalur Taluk and District, 15 eh~~.(JI I '4 tj 2.,cfii-4f-Ha I '4 3i I foa ll'i 4 fq 6uJ.~il-1f.-l
I4
Karnataka State. 16 ~ 3ik•--if+~-~~ C4ci5,ci51fqfqtjCj c:fi1ci5.-!Ri<
Reference: F.Kielhorn : Ep.lnd. Vol.VI, pp.18 ff. and 17 .:iI 4 U1111~: <-1 4 Hl 4 q la : (('f) <-1 ocfq R 6 I-l: ( I •) ....,.g,.p:.fdT'"'l;q,,..,,~=-iimn=-34
Plates. 01
18 t;;jq"{Uj <-11-l41'tjl.(<-1'42t.:i {-clcfil-Lff::[1?.!Hdc-4<
Language: Sanskrit.
Metre: Verses 1-5 Anu~fubh. Third Plate : Second Side
Script: Southern.
Date: Regn al year 7, Karttika su.5, Jye~tha- 19 -ll-JJ';!_f-.ilfH Jfl<-16~ t;;lc:.1-341
tn:c:.'tl~ :aqe_~1:
nak~atra. In characters of the 6th cent. A.D. 20 cf)(l":
c.
( 11*) 3l;f Lt::[J~al ~~1cfil ~ II
~~m:JmT
Text 1 21 ~,q«:Pl<lf~f-q: (I*)~~ -qc:r ~(:*)~
~~
First Plate 22 cR"f ~(~ 11 (211*) "l:<f~ ~4t-60cf4 ~lc:44.:;ql~41<:11'{_
~ ( 11*) ./;-clf«l
1 f-8 ...s_!j *ii.l C"Icfra:ffq 1i~.-1: (I*)
11 -Ji'4 f-3,fs!-ffi~ i:'£1 (I*)
2 -Jillc\l~f-"(Hitl<,(jff!Lfll.lll:JU °ITTt: (11111*) 23 m "cfT~ ~ C::Hi4'41(S*)::t,41<:11'{_ ( 1131*)
3 ./;-clI f'-11i6 I il .-1LfI (Jl I 1I :j,-amrrf'G ft:t'ffi 1.-1
0 i Lf 1.-1
ol.j

4 ,(-Pfbtl 01i t1Rd)g-341°1i 9Factja./;<;il'6'41'4'q:filfq1:c101i Fourth Plate

24 {-clc:.=ai q:cc:.=ai"cfT"41 ~ ~--'=m(U"J:{) (I*) ~ C4El<-1t~lfui
Second Plate : First Side
25
-tjft ~ ~ (11411·> 3-!F<t!.{-d m~ ~~ qf<q1f<:?td(~
5 ~ cf><k>IH i cfj 60 I cfl-1f 1i 6 1:CI -Jifll ~ 'I:.!'41-t-.il.:i:
l::p.-1--f
(I*)
6 d-1:-icf>ll 1i Hicf> 2.1q C"I<l>l:.f
fq-JJ '4cfil#: fq 'il I fq .fl a fll 26 ~ ";:J f.:tct'd.fl'3_oq.(I-Jicfjdlf'1 T.f 11 (511*)
7 ~ 2/->'4 'fld I '4 llj,c<t.2l.-1 ~ fq t:.uJ,clJ.lfl:.!J.lfLf6 I<I~ .-1 "41(S*)~~-
8 <T4-.locftf«lf~l~rl:.!::!,ocfc!.~ clctHI-J1*l'1.-!llLl.-!
27 f~rffi) "{(" 4..::,-'qLft1q1ai:fili1™ cqqfu ( 11·>
Jflcjijl©lfl<i-~: ( 11*)
Second Plate : Second Side
" fc "

1. From the plates in Ep.lnd., Vol.VI. 1. Sandhi has not been observed here.
2. Expressed by a symbol.
...
146 Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas 147

Abstract
. The in~~~p~ion records the grant of the village Kolanallii.ra
m_the, VaUavi-vi.)'aya to a Brahmai:ia of the Kausika-gotra, named No.38 : Plate XXXVIII
Vir1:iusarman, by the Kadamba king Mah'iiraja Kr.)'-,:,avarmanll,
th_e son of the Maharaja Simhavarman, who was the son of Kirukupputura Grant of Kr~9avarman II, Year 15
Vi~-,:,uvarman, who was the son of the Dharmamaharaja
Kr~-,:,avarman I by a daughter of Kaikeya family .. The date of Akki-Alur, Hangal Taluk, Dharwar District,
Provenance:
the ~rant was the fifth tithi when the Nak~atra was Jye~fha in the Karnataka State.
w~xmg half of the month Karttika, in the seventh year of the king's
Reference: Karnataka Inscriptions, Vol.11, pp.2 ff. and
reign .. It further adds that the king was advised to make this
donation by the Sre~thin Haridatta of the Tuthiyalla-gotra. plates.
Language: Sanskrit.
Metre: Verses 1-4 Anu~fubh.
Script: Southern.
Date: Regnal year 15. In characters of the 6th cent.
A.O.

Text1

First Plate
1 fB ..i;.i( (I •) l-cl f «1 ( I•) a
W fc:1'514 '514 ~f<-1i ~-q-
::!,v:m=rrf-q
l-1t?I it-11-11(j J 1011 Mml-1 i
2 11(-qr H oll B Jn 311( urt) t?I ft ,i'19,31 .....
c. a::M~r-=T'TI r-
'b4 14 ··=n.:I
1oI i TT\.l.i=::,fa,..,,i:fi
q 1:i:10111{
3 3lTf~ a '51-i I kit H i cfi < kit H i 5½l
cfi
c.
60 I cP-1-fl--P-l-f
l-l t?I:i:I '51: 1W,-
4 ~~a 4: -14 fcH 4 FciHI I:i:<: 31 ~ cfi B. !.11l-l Fc:1 '51'41~ < Hl-EH'it5
s «r: 3-1~cfiZ:i'l--l-1 F~1e9.0 4fi:fi~:
H1ll4 If~\, Fc:19.aFc:1 "Bcf'3\lcl ii1~:

Second Plate : First Side

6 ~H114l-1131\.IU(cilr<.lBll-l--ci:
~l:Mlf,iH: "'IJ'lWl:
~-
7 :i:1f~i:i:Plifcfia: ~: fc1Z:i14tjc:1R-1"'J:
tj=q<!ft >½lclt'lclai!l-11~
s ctilfusr<.lBlfl3114 cl<cl<l'fi·41{lll4 ~cfilff~:i:a14 :i11--a14
9 ~ c=gfc.
58:fa a B I '€cl I 'q I :i:B.Ul ( "4")l-1B.Ul ("4")m'1 f~ fa I.( cfi B l-1~

1. From the Plates in Karnafaka Inscriptions, Vol.11.

2. Expressed by a symbol.
-
Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas 149
148 Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas

Second Plate : Second Side No.39 : Plate XXXIX

11 -'il<fct cp..t.fo1I R.ill 9.~01 Fct~ Ify?t (o:) ~'1e;cfi ~a.,uf :a:acfqfl
"{f.....~----=--
12 m e:-ac11--t(1•) 'l!"m"N"<a.:rrn 'l1"~1q6-aY~- Sirsi Plates of Kr~9avarman II, Year 19
13 'i61qldcfi("U)~ 'qqfu ~ l,p..t.f~II~ 11 ~ -
( 11*) d=ct,..:>-tj
14 ~(~)~ ~(T) -um"-l«Pl<lf<f~: (I*) ~ ~ Gf<T~:l Provenance: Ajjibal, Sirsi Taluk, North Kanara District,
~ Karnataka State.
15 ~o"e.T~(~ (11111*) {-clt;"ai q:i:e;=ai'cIT~~c:rq-~ (I*) Reference: V.S.Sukthankar : Ep.lnd.,
Vol.XVI, pp.268 ff.
Language: Sanskrit.
Third Plate Verses 1-2 Anu~tubh.
Metre:
16 t=.lfuc1tf:ae;~1fo1 ~ "tfcZ@TI"{f: (11211•) Script: Southern, Box-headed.
{-cl--< Itl ~'i e;-60 cf4 Date: Regnal year 19, Karttika, Full moon day. In
17 ~lel.:a¼l::!,qlfFi(~ (I*) G.°R
'cIT ,m_;r;:Titftl e.Hl'4.f41::!,qlci·P{ characters of the 6th cent. A.D.
( 11311*)
18 '4"~~~: 'i61qH·F:ficlf~~: (I*)
Text'
~~~ First Plate
19 c:rrRf cf.l~~lllq61flo1: (11811*) 1flcf.li~lfl~: f~icl'-1{1 II ~ II
1 (fBo:;.J-{J~ {-clf«i (II*) fct-.iillcl-.iill~i {-cllf~ '-161il--l'-ll~~-
2 Uff:!'aIT(oT*)"--l'T(ll·>~~-qftj=a,1--1 i '-I Holl.a lfl3!IOI(urf)
Abstract 3 61f1:c119,51101
l(urf) t;1Fa<:4ja{-cl
I..S:'illll'ch:JTq1:i:101
I(urf)
The Kadamba king Krr1J.avarman II, who was the great 4 3lrf»ia-.ii--ll~Hl(-::rt) cfie.~Hl(-::rt) ~<:4j601cP-4l".!Af'i61
grandson of the Asvamedhay'iijin and who bore the epithet
Do~ar'iisir'iiga, granted the village Kirukupputii.ra in Second Plate : First Side
Pamkti-pura-vi~aya at the request of his dear son Ravivarman, s ~(:*) 3-J;Jcfi-.ii...Ljl(-;::a-)U"YT(ni)afc19.aga4~~(:•) ~§,:a'-1<
to one Sviimisarman of the Kaul)Qinya-gotra, in hi~ 15th regnal
6 Fct-.ii<-1.a1-1
fli.P,all ~n<1-.ii(~) m(:•> ~: t;lcl.JfLj1-1Fc1-.ii
year.
1 <-1-l-ic1R-0: ~("cfiTHfc1·:r1 cfi1f-d'cfi4~1°YLj1¼1(~) crru-
8 F~:a ,n311.q :;g,c1e;q(-qr)m .qLjf--ll!Lj-

Second Plate : Second Side

9 ~ ~I Lj{-clIF~:.i ~, Ljll If-:ii:.i cfi001..:i
I~· Fct"-i~

1. From the plates in Ep.lnd., Vol.XVI.

1. Panchamukhi wr~ngly reads as ~- 2. There are faint traces of this word.
2. This is Dravidian ,u. 3. The length of 1:fT is added at the top of the 311!.'R.
3. Sandhi has not been observed here.
 151
Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas
150 Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas

10 f1I n:,I-sU I t.l cti l-t<=fiq fck-i ~ ocf q n:6 I .( '{fl-f\:/ cfiTcf
11 ~fo:i: 0 4 <l<:P:-t1~fq~9,o;q1~ :ac.cti';!_ocfc.'€1cll--( (II*)
No.40 : Plate XL
12 "l!T(S*)"~Tf~a:rnT "'{f ~ (I*) -;q-,m-q-

Third Plate SivaUi Plates of Kf~l}avarman II, Year 22

13 ~ "'{f cqqfu (II*)
4-=>-'i·.P-16141octifi~5£t -dffi-=>-"ci
(I*) ~-q (:*)
14 ~m :Jml ~(:*) ~,1:i:1fc.f-q (:*) ~ ~ ~ ~-
Provenance: Sivalli, Shikaripur Taluk, Shimoga District,
15 fq ( :*) ~ ~ ~ ~(l-{__ * 11111) l-cl c.'€11
('€11) q:i:c.'€1
I ('€11) cfT Karnataka State.
-;q) ~ Reference: M.S.Nagaraja Rao and K.V. Ramesh Copper
16 ~-;:.'=nJ( l-{__I *) flt)
l-ff"'2"( cf1f~ 6 Qi I fuI fcHl I ;q( "l!"T)~ Plate Inscriptions from Karnataka : Recent
fif;(~)fi:r: ( 11211)
Discoveries, p. 6-7.
Language: Sanskrit.
Metre: Verses 1-3 Anu~tubh.
Abstract Script: Southern characters.
Date: Regnal year 22. First half of the 6th cent.
Registers the grant of Kamakapalli in the Giriga4a village of A.D.
the Karvannahga district to a Brahmai:ia of the Varahi-gotra,
named Somasv'limin, who was a student of the ~g-veda, and a
performer of the Soma sacrifices. The donor was the Maharaja Text'
Kr~'J}avarmanof the Kadamba family and the gift was made during
the nineteenth year of his reign, on the full-moon day in the month First Plate
of Karttika. 1 l-clfRi 11 .::ii-4M.::iiUJl-llti,a.P-( c19,ocf:i:c.l-ll~~(Tfl-l) (I*)
2 clil-1--1'-i:.i~HHIlj_dis4c.1'-(is4f<--tc.
·l-lqaq__ (111*11)
fct.::ii'4~.::ii-4+4 i l-cl I P-146 I i\--141~ J 1°111~-
3 5}11
4 (fIT'4ft:ji:ffil--li l-jj.-jolj~lf1';4jOij ~IR'119,';410li gfctTi

Second Plate : First Side

5 l-cl I o&i-li ll"ci:3T41:i:1°11q__~~~ 81-1 qfc:1f-;1a1:.qll l-1i
6 m~a.::ii-111-is41'1ictic.1-is41'1il-c:1~4.(A.J{lllid;:f1fct4l-
7 ~ El~FFfl("f.T) l.t"P ~ I c.1( :*) l-cl~ cl ~ A.IR-l l-1j{ f ,5.,;iia :i:I.::iic.1-
Icf11
0
8 ~rno1 lJEH I F<-1~·-1
g-l_c\dcti0rn-l_c\c.-l"l~a';!_a9,
ll
9 ~:~ l-1('cfi <1-is4
>A'l :i:1.::iia --1ll '8-1 g F~ia q :i:1gfi l-1g c1'€1cf5
~

l.
1. After the text published in C.P.lns. of Karnataka, Recent Discoveries,
1. This is Dravidian la and H.Krishna Sastri has rightly suggested that the pp.4-7.
word indicates a source of village income.
,,.

Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas 153

152 Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas

Second Plate : Second Side

10 -i:i::fur:
>i!f{foqafo1: "g5f: ~lf"C'ti:P-1'1q1;q=qg:52.;q1,4-
ll d) d"I Is:_~u Cl'Afol r~~ fct :flMai &ltld fq 61J.lf;:61q__- No.41 : Plate XLI
12 cfiO c.cfii ~~ ClJ.l:!,"·MR<:I<I-is4I(."p~ fc:HiiCll-iq ffi1. W-
13 "FctiTfc:tl{!...S:Ni:JJ.!li:Jq·~~IICIcfiPMql-tJTI~ICI tj<tj<j,1 ..
Bennur Plates of ·Krsnavarman II ...
14 ~ ~11S1°11;q~icfin-<=11P-1'.'i
c1~f-1efiu11-1 J.l~r'AsJ<<f~-

Provenance: Bei;u:iur, Belur Taluk, Hassan District, Kar-

Third Plate
nataka State.
15 °1.(-Zl
If.z.F~, ~v';q a c:."i
Il--6"11. ftjlSl-s·fc:1·~1fll<fM
, J.1154~~-
"JQ...---,1"1"\I
B.L.Rice : Ep.Car., Vol.V, Belur 245 (Sup-
Reference:
16 tj°'a;i"UfT('Of)f'c:f~ ~C:(c.1") c:fa.:i"UfT('Of)
cp~e._
-qm~ f(.9-=,.'q plement).
cfiI<icfifc1'~lfl 601( ~~-qpi "q' Language: Sanskrit.
~'~· ~ '
17 l-ilc!.cfi B f~.(t:.;q(lnf)~(~*)ct C "
H cfj601cfil-l-li>½icfj601 C
et U-1i 11 ~- Metre: Verses 1-5 Anu~fubh.
18 ~m iJmTuzj''4,RP1:c1fc:.N: (1 *) ~ ~ 7::f<T~P-t«i.(-Zl ~ Script: Southern.
e._
Date: Circa 420 A.O. In characters of the 6th cent.
19 (1G] ~ (11211*) l--ct~I~ {i'l~-6€§i:f4 ~(:*)lc:lJ.1....q1~qlci·:P.-((I*)
A.O.
(c:H -crr-
err)
2O ~ irfu < H I~ '41:!,q Ici ..p.-l( 113II *) l--ctf «-1 ::[ ( "l)~'l-""l:f: II Text1

Abstract First Plate

1 l--ctf«i II ~ <i1Jlctdl ( I*) -;q-~ ~~flRl-Zlcl ~llcilC!i ~
The epigraph registers the grant, made by king Kr~11,avarman
I!, of a house-site measuring twenty-six aratni-m'litras (cubits) B::aaq_ (I*)
situated on the bank of the river called N'liyaru which was to the 2 ~l@OIHi B~l--641fol BJ.l~.-lf.:a -;q-~("{cf'-() II (111*) ~ ~
south of the main gate (mah'ii-dv'lira) of the village Vandanikke 3 .(1'3\.(1'3\.(-Zl
"IFT('Of)ID cfj601qJ.J.fOI: (I*)~: ~fqt:.u_J,-
and also a house and one-sixth of the tax-income. The donee was
the Brahmai:ia named Sankarasv'iimin belonging to the 4 <ll--1.(-Zl~: 5>flf(-i~c1afo1: (11211*) ~l~ci<_~~h-r(
Kasyapa-gotra and well-versed in the Vedatigas. c:tioct'(
1J-
. The record is dated in the twenty-second regnal year of the ..l. 5 ~~ qftq1ci£1'( ( I*) J.1tflfc1fa~a1P-1~=~ ~ ~ "cfj"&'T-
kmg.
Second Plate : First Side
~ cfcl 11 (311*) l--ctlP-IJ.l~F8-iJ.lli:J'l0 11:!,££11dlMMr.R1Hi J.IH&I
Jfl~I01i ~ Ifl<-11
7 l--1 S~I01i t;ifcicfjdl--ct1'tZII;q=q:3fq 1:CI01i
8 ~'tflcM~ e
(;,I 1-iq fct ;i cfi
e
a Ifl-H i cfi< ~Hi
' ~,cfiql(-1:
9 q-=,.'q1-1i ' " J.J.fJ.l~l.(1'3\= fc
~J.1...S: f.~lq
c:4'3\£1

1. From the plates in Ep. Carn., Vol.V.

1. The Kannac;la ru is used here . 2. Read 4eitfclf-1E1ct1P-hl-.
 Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas 155
154 Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas

Second Plate : Second Side No.42 : Plate XLII

11 ~~Ul4~6~cl~(-P-161~cH-4 9,:C«ilc( ~-
12 tarnfaqfc: ~~ 1..:q1£1-1 lHlrnqfq 1~:ifq F~1e14 Tagare Plates of Bhogivarman
13 0·<1J1q1{ll I 4 4~ fq~ ~~4~ q:i:140114
14 ~ mR(U)al-Pfl5tl4 -ilclftjlP-1?t fl-$.cfifqt:t41-
Provenance: Tagare, Belur Taluk, Hassan District, Kar-
15 .:anfa q8-if-su1i:i ~~ cr~ EtU-1cl"dQ
nataka State.
Reference: R.Narasimhachar, M.A.R., 1918, p.35.
Third Plate
Language: Sanskrit.
16 "::f"c1"Qe.,'dcll'( (I*) 4«i<!.46'dl ~ 4-=>-T-t461qlacfi Metre: Verses 1-4 Anu~fubh.
17 l-l~5'hl 'qqfu (I*) 3-ch-=>-T-I
II fqe.,'di 4:c<'di crr-tjym Script: Southern alphabet.
18 ~~(I*)~ qtfl-l6~1fol ~ fqq'£4~ (11811*) Date: Undated. In characters of 6th cent. A.D.
19 .m~IEt:Clf~lqJ.1-jff'-11 'tfiifur l]f~cfif-=>-T-1{1-( (I*) n:i61{Hq-
20 ~: ~{tj~ cl I f'lRPJTI: 11 (511 *) ~ fq rop~ 11 Text 1

First Plate
Abstract
1 fqf«i 11
The epigraph records a gift of land of the six nivartanas in 2 ,ip.frc:P~-:iiTl614('"4T:) qfafocf6uJ,-RHlaa(-::r:)(t*) cl=l.16(<:\1'.1°1
<tHlt-ile..-
the village Palma<#, situated in the Sendraka-vi~aya to a 3 'EITTT(~)~Tfarit (II 111*) ~ fq1P-t4~1fl-141~llOllj,arT-
Brahmai:ia named Bhavasvamin, a Painga of the HarTta-gotra,
well-versed in the Chandoga, learned in sacrifice and student of (<'fT*)f'i1MmH 11-(
the Vedas, by Kadamba king Vijaya-Siva-Kr,r,1,avarman, setting 4 ~~(
e
~)-mr(BT)-1qfq5f)cfi e
a 1.:q 41-1 i m(ftl rn9,;;11°1i
out on an expedition of Vaijayanti. gfacfja-
The king has been described here as the great grandson of
Kr~rJ.avarman, grandson of Vi~rJ,udasa, and son of Sirhhavarman. s ",(-<:f6414T-l:filfcsll.(IOII~ 4Ho<-ll-Pfl511°1i B&::fQ-.Jjil-isitHll-( cf,e.,l-isitHi ",(-fcf,"-

Second Plate : First Side

Q ~ ~
,(-cf,H 2 -t "414 ('cfj60 I cl wf 4 ~ I :CI -:ii,(--l,t
'
""'-Ii
( "tl) B 04 H I• 31.:q
6 ...,..(1.,.....4.....,,6;+1 ,.........,.....~,-n,"TT"'~r-TT
4 I l-isit=l.'41 "

1 ~( 1*J-:ilcl ~01: R;i4a-14: fqcsll§,csi1<11f~a: (cr) fqg,<1:i:1~= ,;ror-

8 ~4 o:s (1: f".(lJ,~~'1:l: ((i;'!:l)fcrfcr'!-.1 fq o 0 f-m-rr:
l--d'i
>A11-1-i'!f11cl~4~1.(l-:il: __ ....,.._;;,,......,.~
•
9 fqg,¾01 fq6uJq~o11 fq~1fqa: cfil~44lfl5tl4:("lf) Et~cfi~f-na14:("lf)
fq f~I E!14: ("lf)

T
1. Read~- 1. From ~he-i:lf.hotogi:aphand after the text publi shed in M.A.R., 1918.
2. Read~~-
3. Read t:1fuo1c1-a-i
. 2. Read "' qF(1t1011.
...

Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas 157

156 Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas
At the end there is a Kanna<;ta passage which adds that the
Second Plate : Second Side village was granted with exemption from the 32 imposts and seems
10 '1_d~iUfOI dll{fcl"-1£1 dll{'-H51Ul'-l./;ZI "clg,oc](rocf)~ic<lc;?:;qi ~ to mention the additional grant of a house in the northern street.
~- This portion in Kanna<;ta has been added later on and apparently
does not form a part of the original grant.
11 cfi.:S<--(nif(-;rr)~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~("'Ii) "{emf
m(S*)~(~)'q'tllfi fa: (fu)
<1'{_ 3-IIS,1"1
12 ~ ~ ~ ~ 4-:>-"cl'-l6141dcfil -qqfu (I*) 3l'5f '-l::!,lfld'{_ (I*)
13 cf(csf)°ef~"l'T ~ ~'ll(:I*) ~ ~ "d"(~)~ ~
(f(«f)~ ~ ~ ~ (11211*)

Third Plate
14 li<f cJ1 f!,'-l 6 R§ (~) cf<:f~:'lcf'{_ ~~q I <1..f(';f'{_I ) c:r-:T
cfT ~
~ <HI R}(~P-i'I j4 I<1..f(';f'l_ ) ( 11311*)
15 f<:4<*1
i 4<<*1
i cfT ?:IT m ~~(U"'{) (I*) l'ffi! q cf{l 6 i.>!I fol
~ qftq=c;q{I ( 11411*)
16 ~~
1cn'V
~~~
~~
cfi.:Stj__{ " ft ~I{ . ~I
{loqq
-~--.:+-.-.~
0•1,'i Y"l'V
-.r ' r
<lT '-IIC.~l
17 ~
, ~ ~ {ict4.C6I<
. ,..._. q:Sliul "'ft~'-l cqror. '1j_ fi~<H ·~q-i1c:..._,c:.
•••

18 ~ cfi I c:.l~·
19 oc1Facr.i:
Fcfi Fet a O il rf 'cfiTITT
oo..__ qFt4 fs J Ioo..__ ~ i:fiv ~
Fcti,ti¥5 <-i"-
20 ~ m~
x:ifoI4 ~ ~ ~G.

Abstract
The record begins with a verse in praise of the Boar
incarnation of Vi~i:iu and registers the gift of village Kirukuqalur,
one of the 24 villages belonging to the great village Tagare in
Tagare District to a Brahmai:ia renowned as Bhntasarman of the
Kasyapa-gotra, by the king Bhogivarma-Maharaja at the request
of his son Vi~,,uvarman.
Bhogivarinan is said to be the son of Ajavarman and grandson
of Kr~,,avarman.

1. Read fcfi1;i'f5c:"(-il'1~ 4ffi1'1f~, immt,. 1

2. Lines 16 to 20, in faulty Kannac;ta language, have been apparently added
to the original grant at a later date and hence do not form part of the
genuine record.
3. This is Dravidian ,-u.
4. This is Dravidian re.
5. This is Dravidian {a.
6. This line is added between lines 14 and 15 of the original grant.
 Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas 159
158 Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas

No. 43 : Plate XLIII No.44 : Plate XLIV

TacJaga9i Inscription of Madhuvarman Ko99ur Rock Inscription of Diimiidara

Provenance: Tac;lagaQi, Shikaripur Taluk, Shimoga Dis-

Provenance: Koi:ii:inr, Gokak Taluk, Belgaum District,
trict, Karnataka State.
Karnataka State.
Reference: L.Rice, Ep.Carn., Vol.VIII Sk.66.
Reference: Fleet : Ind.Ant., Vol.XXI, p.93.
Language: Sanskrit.
Verse 1 Anu~fubh. Language: Sanskrit.
Metre:
Southern Characters. Metre: Anu~tubh.
Script:
In characters of about the 6th cent. A.D. Script: Southern characters.
Date: In characters of about the 6th cent. A.D.
Date:
Text1
Text'
1 ~F«-1 ( 11*) ~IP·-11-li:\1'8-1 "t-J'T(~)-
1 ~8J(:)Bc-q'irt-1it:;Qcil4641,{_ (I*)
2 :!'V-lldlMMml-1i Yl-1ol.l-E-Jlfl(:;!IOll9)
2 cfic.~Hi ~ ~: ~Yl-<11ili:!D "TI: (11111*)
3 i:\I fta')9.:;1Ioli cfic!'.~Hi. ..
4 ~~ BdlYf~ciUIY .. .
Abstract
5 a2.1cfifll i:rTfv·~~ ~ ...
6 acti q I e.Q,cfi64:JF-1~=
crAf;:r: cf-i Dutiful to(his) father, pure, intelligent, possessed of courage
1 iftai:-iin:;11l.l -1i:ul.!01~1afai ~--· and energy and vigour the illustrious king Dlimodara, born in
s illlHf...~
3 c.cfi'!ocf c.*1641r( F-1
the family of the Kadambas.
9 -m'ffi11 3'ffi.:,.'q 11 ~c.*li 4:Cc.*li cTT <TI'
(°"eft)-
10 (I"~~(~ ( I*) Elfu64ttBi:\~iful rcrm-
11 (<IT) ~ finfi=r:( I 111I •)
12 cfiI :?l.14lflj.jOI ~

Abstract
Registers the grant, made by the Kadamba king
Madhuvarman, of some lands situated in the village Satomahila
to Narayal}asarman of Gautama-gotra.

1. From the photograph and after the text in Ep.Carn., Vol.VIII.

1. After the text in Ind.Ant., Vol.XXI.
2. This is Dravidian (a.
..

INDEX

A Arya-sat'lgha 37
~~ac)ha 127, 128
Abhira 16 AsancIT 102, 137, 139
A.D. Dixit 12 Asandi-vi~aya 53, 54, 117
Ahari~ti 49, 124, Asandyalura 55, 137, 139
Ajavaraman 8, 10, 14, 15, 38, Asvajiya 125
44, 156, Asvamedha 9, 11, 19, 20, 21,
Ajjibal 56, 103 22, 38, 39, 40, 43, 47, 48, 67,
Ajjhitabhattarika 11, 25 140
ajfiapti_ 85 Asvamedhayajin 7, 8·, 31, 39,
Akki-Alur 147 42, 148
Alavura 117 Asvasarhstha 20
Alupa 34, 110 ~svayuja 120
Amavasya 126 Asvayuja-amavasya 37
Ambilakm:ic)i 111 Asvayuja-pauri:iamas"i 119
~i:iaji 40 Asvina 126
~negalli 117 Asvin Amavasya 12
At'lgirasa 46 Atharvaveda 126
Angirasa-gotra 6 Atreya 48, 93, 117
Antal)pura 36, 111 Aupagahani 48
Antarmalaya :-rajya 70 Aupagahanisa gotra 81
anujfiapsya 28 Aupamanyava gotra 143
Anu~tubh 62, 69, 71, 74, 77, 79, Aurangabad 3
82, 84, 90, 92, 94, 96, 98, A vidheya 11, 25
100, 103, 105, 112, 118, 119, Avin"ita, 8, 11, 25, 39, 40, 43,
121, 123, 125, 129, 131, 134, 44
136, 138, 141, 144, 147, 149, ~yatana 140
151, 153, 155, 158, 159 Ayuktaka 32, 85
Andhra-Pradesh 51
Aparari:iava 67 B
A.P. Benthala 18
araten-matras 152 Badami 10, 12, 14, 45
Arhat 23, 63, 122, 130, 137 Badovara-k~etra 63
Arjuna 42 Bagewadi 53, 54
Arnava 63 Balaghata 11
Arya 62, 79, 96, 105, 112, 138 Balaraja 34, 110

-- .. - - . ~ . - - , ..!fl!T I": ~ ~ ·-
162 Inscriptions of The Early Kadambas Index 163

Balovura 23 Buddha 37, 120 Degamve 6 Gopal, B.R. 86, 107, 127, 136
Banavasi 3, 4, 7, 13, 17, 18, 19, Bohler 27, 63 Devagiri 6, 7, 8, 14, 30, 32, 39, 138 '
30, 32, 35, 49, 52, 86 40, 49, 52, 71, 74, 129 Goa 5, 6
Bandanike 143 C Devarahalli 92 Govind Pai 22, 29
Bandhu~ei:ia 7, 13, 15, 18, 19, Devasarman 91 Govindasvamin 95
47, 110, 114 Caitra 36, 102 Devavarman 8, 14, 15, 41, 129, Gr"i~ma 30
Bannahalli 8, 24, 39, 40, 41, 42, Caityalaya 73 130 Guc;lc;la-tataka 36, 111
44, 48, 55, 144 Calukya 12, 38, 44, 45, 53 Dharmanandin 124 Gudnapur 7, 17, 18, 20, 21, 22,
Belgaum 52, 54, 62, 84, 96, 105, Cai:ic;ladai:ic;ta
33, 34, 106 Dharamasastra 110 23, 31, 33, 34, 35, 37, 46, 47,
Candragupta II 10, 11, 25
112, 121, 123, 125, 159
Bellary 3, 4, 35, 51, 52, 53 Candrak~antak~ama 49
Candravalli 16, 17, 22, 46, 61
I
+-
Dharwad 21, 35, 52, 54, 56, 71,
74, 129, 147
49, 107
Gulbarga 3
Belur 45, 55, 56, 153 Dhaumya 48, 99 Gupta 25
Bei:ii:iur 8, 13, 43, 44, 55, 153 Candravarman II 17 Dhavalikar M.K., 119
bhagineya 39, 43 Caoliya 48, 126 Digambara 32 H
BhagTratha 13, 15, 22, 23 67 Cannagiri 55 Dikshit, K.N. 12, 125
· 110 ' ' Cetobhava-gtha 36 Dopamabhyaya 48 Hagari 51
Bhanusakti 124 Cakravarti k~etra 35 Dosarasiraga 148 Hlikimpalli 111
Bhanuvarman 7, 15, 33, 34, 42, Chandoga 154 Dupreuil 11 Halasige 54
97 Chennigiri-Taluk 92 Durmaya 54, 117 Halmidi 26, 55
Bharadvaja 48, 78, 122 Chikmagalur 20, 42, 43 131 Halsi 9, 10, 13, 19, 23, 28, 30,
136, 138, 144 ' ' 32, 38, 40, 47, 54, 62, 84, 96,
Bharadvaja-gotra 4 E
Bhargava 48, 70 Chitradurga 16, 17, 40 54 60 105, 112, 121, 123
Bhattari 25 100 ' ' ' ekatapatra 39 Hangal 5, 35, 56,147
Bhattari kakutstha 25 Cikkulla 20 Ekkattahara 60 Harapanahalli 53
Bhavasvamin 99, 154 Citrasena 32 Ernad 94 Haridatta 102, 146
Bhogivarman 8, 10, 14, 15, 38, Citrasena-kella 37 Esara 111 Harin'i 121
44, 56, 155, 156 Citrasena-Mahakella 37, 120 Haiita 48
Bhoj 24, 114 Cutukula-satakan:ff 3, 4, 18, 23 F Haiita-gotra 154
Bhojaka 32 .
Cutu-satakarni . 3 Haiiti putra 4, 18, 26, 46, 60,
Bhujagendra 40 Fleet, J.F., 46, 62, 71, 74, 84, 67
Bhuta sarman 156 D 96, 105, 112, 121, 123, 129, Harivarman 7, 9, 12, 13, 14, 15,
Bijapur 21, 52, 53, 54, 55 159 33, 37, 38, 43, 49, 54, 121,
Dahraka-Venguli 111 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127,
Bilhai:ia 53
biruda 33, 34 dak~ii:ia-patha-VasumatT 39 G 128
Birur 8, 28, 31, 39, 41 49 52 Damodara 14, 15, 45, 159 Hassan 52, 55, 56, 153, 155
131 ' ' ' Damodaradatta 91 G .S. Gai 69, 98 Haveri 54, 71, 74, 129
Damodaravarman 10 Ganga 30, 31, 34, 39, 43, 44, Hebbata 54
Boar 156 53, 54, 85, 87, 110
Brahma 48, 49 Danakirtti 32, 35, 106, 114 Hemanta 30, 69, 70, 77, 78, 96
Danakirtti-Bhojaka 73, 85 Garga 48 Hirehac;lagali 3 ; 4, 18
brahmadeya 36, 37 Gautama 48
Brahmarya 36, 111 Danasarman 128 Hiresakuna 7, 82
Dasam'i 69 Gautama gotra 83, 135 Hitna-Hebbagilu 48, 79
B. Rajsekharappa 16, 17, 22 Ghataprabha 21, 51
Davai:i~gere 34, 50, 54, 100, 115 Honnavar 32, 50, 119
.
Brha-Bana . 67 D.C. SITcar 6, 9, 11, 13 17 20 Girigada 150 Hosanagara 30, 77
Brhat-Paralura 73 21, 23 ' ' ' Girigad 56
Brhatsarilhita 30 Hunsur 79
r-

165
Inscriptions of The Early Kadambas Index
164
Kasyapa-gotra 95, 152, 156 Kr~i:iavarman 11, 129, 130, 135,
I Kallangoda 111 150, 154, 156
Kallili 111 Katattaka 133
KaurJ,t/,inya48, 148 Kr~i:iavarman I 8, 11, 13, 14,
Indi 55 Kama 111 KauQ<;linya-gotra 60, 91 15, 22, 25, 28, 31, 32, 33, 34,
I<;liur 111 Kamadeva 36 38, 39, 40, 140, 146
Indra 42 Kamadevalaya 36, 49 Kausika 48
Kausika-gotra 146 Kr~i:iavarman II 8, 9, 12, 13,
Indravajra 29, 63, 105, 112 Kamakapalli 150 14, 15, 24, 38, 39, 40, 141,
lndravamsa 112 Kanara 52, 56, 98, 103, 107, 119 KausikTputra Nagadatta 60
Kava<;li118 143, 144, 146, 147, 148, 149,
lhgirii-Sahgama 85 Kanara-dist. 149 151, 152, 153
Kai:iasa-Pukkoli 120 Kerala 94
Khanapur 84, 96, 105, 112, 121, Kr~i:iavarmmaharaja 40
J Kaficava-Maduvolal 55 Kubja 26, 28, 29, 30, 37, 68
Kand 3, 18, 19, 20, 33, 47, 106 123
Kheta 114 Kubja-Vi~Quvardhana 29
Jaripota 135 Kandhar 36 Ku<;lulur 54, 135
Jayaktrti 35, 114 Katigavarman 13, 15, 22, 67, Khetagrama 23, 63
Khetaka 35 Kuq,alur-ad4thana 45
Jayanta 6, 17 110 Ku<;tgere 8, 9, 32, 90
Jina 49, 63, 114 Kielharn 8, 9, 20, 21, 26, 28,
Kanna<;la (Savinenapu) 127 Kumaragupta I 11, 13, 25
Jinalaya 124 Kantararyapafi 111 29, 51, 63, 90, 144
IGrttivara 78 Kumaravarman 9, 15, 32, 93
Jinanandi-Senapati 37, 120 Kappennala 60
Jitendra 49, 97, 106, 114 IGrtivarman I 10, 14 Kui:i<;lagiri34
Karajgi 54 Kunda-MuccurJ,di 60
Jiyanta 32, 85 Karafija 117 Kifll-Kaytaka 78
Kifll-kUdalur 45, 156 Kunda-tapuka, 60
Jye~tha 146 Karafija-grama 54 Kui:itagaQi 35, 56, 98
Jye~thanak~atra 144 Kirukuppatnru 8, 13, 44, 55,
K aripendula 60 Kuntala 3, 4, 11, 25, 53
Jye~tha pita 28, 29 147, 148
Kari:iata 8, 30 Kupanachama 22
Jye~tha-Sunu 30 Kari:iatadesa 28, 41 Kifllihrilli 81
Kogulipoguyapalli 70 Kurcaka 32, 49, 85, 122
Jye~tha-tanaya 30, 41 Karnataka or Kuntala 4, 16, 23 Kurnool 3, 20, 51
Jyotirmaya 87 45, 52, 53, 59, 61, 62, 69, 71, Kolala 91
Kolanallura 55, 146 K.V. Ramesh 8, 11, 18, 20
74, 77, 79, 82, 84, 86, 88, 90, Kyasanur Hobali 118
K 92,96,98, 100,103,105,107, Kolar 54
112, 115, 118, 119, 121, 123, Kona-tapuka 60 L
Kadambakula 22, 24 Koi:i<;tamana-kula60
Kadara-Kalani 83 129, 131, 134, 136, 141, 144.
147, 149, 151, 153, 155, 158, Kongala 34 Lak~mt 25, 26, 28
Kadur 131 Kongalva 34, 110
Kaggi 93 159 .
KongaQi Muttarasar 54 M
Kaikeya 7, 8, 31, 32, 33, 34, 37, Kari:iesaka 52
Kohginagara 60
40, 41, 42, 88, 110, 137, 140, Karppatesvara 143 Marlana 36
Kartika 71, 73, 94, 95, 103, 104, Konkai:ia 18
146 KoQQUr 10, 14, 159 Madanotsava 36
Kaikeya Citrasena 119 114, 134, 135, 143, 144, 146, Madhava 36
149, 150 Kora 134
Kaimsala 48, 126 Kotasa 48 Madhava III 11, 44
Kakutstha 24, 67, 110 Karttika Puri:iamasT 84 Madhavavarman II, 31
Karttikeya 6, 21, 47 Kratusomasarman 83
Kakutstha-Bhattoran 26, 55 Kr~i:ia 21, 51, 52 Madhavavarman III 8, 14, 25,
Kakutsthavarman 7, 8, 9, 10, Karuru 56 31
Karvvannanga 56, 150 Kr~i:ia 1st, 40, 43, 44, 48
11, 13, 15, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, Kr~i:ia II 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 48, Madhukesvara 17
27, 28, 31, 35, 49, 62, 63, 87, Karavannanga-Vi~aya 53, 56 Madhu-Masa 100
Karwar 80 55, 56
114 Kr~i:ia III, 36, 55 Madhurvarman 10, 14, 15, 45,
Kaiasa 48, 120 Kasipura 35, 54, 115 Krishna, M.H. 16, 26, 100, 115 158
Kalavatiga 76 Kasyapa 48
166 Inscriptions of The Early Kadambas Index 167

Mahadeva 35, 67, 104 Mayursarman 5, 7, 16, 17, 18, Nilambur 33, 53, 94 Periyapati:ia 79
Mahadevi 11 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 28, 40, 46, NTlamburplate 22 Phalguna 121_,122, 131, 133
Mahagrama 45 47, 51, 52, 67 nirgrantha 32, 76 Pit'lgalasvamin 81
Mahajinendra 70 Mayurvarman 5, 6, 7, 10, 13, NTti sastra 34, 110 Pottara 70
Maha-kayataka 78 15, 16, 17, 18, 20, 21, 22, 23, nivartanas 73, 78, 85, 91, 93, Prabhavafi 31, 32, 88
Mahalingam, T.V. 29, 41 35, 37, 47, 51, 61, 63, 110 97, 99, 104, 106, 117, 130, Prabhavafi-gupta 10, 11
MahamaJappa 127 ModekaranI 91 137, 139,143,154 Prabhu 27
MahamaJappali 7, 128 Mogalur-Vi~aya 53, 54 niyama 89 Prabuddha Kari:iataka 16
Maharashtra 3, 11, 31, 53 Moguru 111 N.L. Rao 23 Prahar~ii:iT 100
Mahavenguli 111 Moraes 22, 23, 39 nrtya-sala 111 Pramada-vana 36
Mahesvarik~etra 143 Mrgesa 7, 38, 49 Prai:iavesvara 25. 31
Mahi~a 135 Mrgesavarman 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, p Pratihara 35
Mahi~a-vi~aya 53, 54, 55 13, 24, 26, 28, 30, 31, 32, 33, Prati~thana 3
Malasar 94 35, 40, 41, 45, 46, 48, 49, 69, Padmavati 111 :-ehara 21, 51, 6'",
Ma(apa(i 60 70,71, 73, 74, 76,77,78,79, Padma-taflika 111 Priyavrata 78
M a(apa(ideva 60 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, Paithai:i 3 Prthu 23
Malaprabha 21 110, 114, 122 Plilaga(ani 93 PrthvT 37
Malaprahara 51 MucCU'}t/,i 60 Palasika 29, 33, 34, 38, 41, 42, PrthvT~ei:ia II 11
MalapraharT 21 Muc;ligere 8, 40, 42, 55, 136, 138 49, 52, 54, 63, 85, 97, 106, Pukkolli 70
MaJavaUi 3, 4, 5, 13, 17, 18, 19, MuJtagi 53, 95 114, 122, 124 Pulikesin 1st 12, 14, 38, 45
23, 52, 59 Murgod 52 Pallava 3, 4, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, Pulikesin Ilnd 10, 14, 29
Malenac;lukanara 20 Murttage 54 29,30, 31,34,35,41,45,47, PuJumavt 3
Malini 37, 107 Myakac;lonci 3 51, 52, 67, 85, 87 Punnac;la 16
MaJkavu 95 Mysore 16, 69, 79 Pallava-raja 40, 41 Punnlita 34, 110
Mallinath 17 Pallavendra 29 Purandara 17
Mananka 11 N Pallavendrapuri 67 Purukhetaka 114
Manapura 11, 25, 31 Palmac;ti 55, 154 Pu~pitagra 29, 63
Manavya gotra 4, 6, 18, 26 46, Nabhaga 42 Panchamukhi R.S. 56
60, 67 Naga 40 Pai:ic;taraiigapalli 11 R
M andlikrlintli 29, 63 Nagarakhai:ic;ta 6 Pai:idya 34, no
Mandhatr 78 Nagasvamin 78 Pankti-pura 35, 53, 55, 56 Raghu 13, 15, 22, 23, 34, 67
Mandhatr-raja 9, 32, 92, 93 Nalluru 55 Parama-bhagavata 44, 48 Rajasekharappa, B. 61
Mandhatrvarman 8, 9, 12, 15, Nai:iakkasa 40, 41 Parama-brahmai:iya 44 raja-vasa-gri}:ia 36
32, 33 Nanda 6 Pariyatrika 16 Rama 24
Manmatha 35, 36, 49, 111 Nandivarman 1, 34 Pataliputra 10 Ramesh, K.V. 34, 77, 141, 151
Manmathavesma 36 N andyarya 70 Pattabandha 10 Rao Gopinatha, T.A. 53, 94
Mantra 27 Napitapalli 37, 120 Pa~ri:iamasI 74, 77, 94, 120, 136, Rao, N.L. 51, 56
MaradT 38, 124 Narasimhachar, R. 88, 92, 155 137 Rao Nagaraja, M.S. 119, 141,
MargasTr~a 79, 81 Naravara 32 Paurukutra 48 151
M ariyasli 60 Narayai:ia 55 Pau~a 138 Ra~trakuta 11, 25, 31, 36, 55
Matrasamaka 29, 37 Narendrasena 11, 25 P.B. Desai 16 Ravisvamin 143
Mlitrlisamakavise~a 63, 107 Nayaru 152 Peraru 51 Ravivarman 7, 8, 10, 12, 15, 19,
Matrsarit 85 Nic;luvol 143 Perbhata 8, 29, 39, 41, 42, 45, 22,24, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36,
Maukhari 16 NTiakai:itha desamatya 35, 104 49, 54, 134, 135 37, 41, 42, 46, 49, 50, 53, 54,
-
· Index 169
168 Inscriptions of The Early Kadambas
Sivaratha 7, 15, 33, 38, 122 Talagunda 5, 6, 7, 10, 11, 18,
56, 89, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, Sare 104 19,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,
Saradpak~a 59 Sivaya 29
100, 102, 103, 104, 106, 107, Siva skandavarman 3, 4, 8, 18, 28, 29, 31, 32, 37, 46, 47, 48,
111, 112, 114, 115, 118, 119, Sardulaviknc;lita 29, 63 51, 64, 88
Sarvasena-maharaja 42, 140 21
120, 148 Sivasn-Pu}mavi 3 Tala Kadu 53
Ravivarman II 14, 15 Sarvasvamin 81 Tarikere 136, 138
Sarvajfia 50 Skanda 21, 22
E.g-veda 150 Skandagupta 11, 13 Tedava 126
Rohit:iT-nak~atra 59 Satakari:ii 26, 6.., Telang, K.T. 74, 129
Satara 11, 31 Skandavarman 23
Rice, B.L. 63, 79, 118, 131, 153, Sohoni, S. V. 24, 36, 47 Traikuta 16
158 Satahanirattha 3 Trilocana 6
Satavahana 3 Soma 46, 150
E.~abha 24, 49 SomapaUi 60 Trilocana Kadamba 6
Ritti, S.H. 77 Satavahanhara 3 Triparvata 13, 29, 38, 48, 52,
Sattipalli 135 Somasvamin 150
R. Narasirilhachar 9 Sorab 118 130
R.S. Panchamukhi 23 Sattura Village 111 Tripura 6
Senapati 23, 24, 32, 39 Sragdhara 96
Rudra 5 Sramanas 124 Triyambakasvamin 93, 117
Rudrasena II 10 Senapati Naravara 76 Tryar~a-vartna 46
Sendraka 16, 38, 40, 42, 43, Sravai:i~ 98, 136, 137
Rudrarya 70 Sravana PaurnamasT 99 Tulasarhkranti 12
124, 154 Tunkur 134
Sendraka Bhanusakti-raja 38 Sravi~tha 48, ·126
s Srikantha Sastri 127 Tuliga 31
Sendraka-vi~aya 53, 55, 56, 137 Tuligabhadra 21, 51, 52
Sac;lanana 21, 47 Sendraka sindaka-vi~aya 140 SrTkat:ithika 18, 107
Srinivaspur 54 Tuthiyalla-gotra 146
Sahala 60 Shikaripur 59, 151, 158
Saharama 37 Shikarpur 52, 88, 90 Sriparvata 20, 51, 67
Shimoga 3, 4, 6, 9, 32, 43, 45, Sr"ipuru~a 54 u
§agara 23
Saka 10 52, 55, 59, 63, 77, 82, 88, 90, Snsaila 20, 22, 51 52
Uccasrngi 32, 35, 38, 52, 122
Sakasthana 16 92, 118, 141, 151, 158 SrngerT 20
Srutak"irti 23, 24, 35, 49, 63, Upajiiti 19, 86, 105, 112
Sakrepati:ia 55 Siddhakedara 130 Upendravajrii 112
SalenT 112 Siddham 87 114
Sthanakundura 26, 48, 67 Utsaha 25
salotgi 55· Siddhayatana 50, 102 Uttarabhadrapada 71, 73
Sama-veda 143 Simha 122 Subandhu 34, 110
Sarilgha 102 Sirilha-senapati 37, 38, 49, 120 Suddhodana 37, 50
V
Sampagaum 125 Sirilhavarman 8, 14, 15, 31, 42, Suddi kundura 122
§amgolli 11, 12, 37, 38, 49, 125 43, 55, 138, 139, 146, 154 Suddi kundura-vi~aya 53, 54 Vaijayanfi 3, 8, 13, 18, 19, 28,
Sankarasvamin 152 · Sindhuthaya 133 Sukla-yajur-veda 135 29, 31, 32, 35, 38, 39, 41, 42,
Sai:imukha 21 Sindhuthaya-ra~tra 52 Sukthankar V.S., 56, 103, 149 43, 51, 52, 60, 91, 95, 104,
Saunati 3 Sircar, D.C. 28, 29, 34, 39, 44, SvamT Mahasena 6 126, 154
Santa 143 54, 63, 100 Svamisarman 148 Vaij ayanfi-D harma-
Santivara 135 Sirsi 12, 13, 32, 35, 38, 43, 44, Svefiimbara 32 maharajadhiraj a 13
Santivara - Maharaja 41 52, 56, 98, 103, 107, 149 Svetapata 32, 76 Vaijayanfipati 4,. 17
Santivarma 133 sisila 20 T
Vaisiikha 36, 90, 117
Santivarman 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, Siva (sthan) 26, 46, 48, 49, 67 Vaisakha Puri:iim 82, 83, 91
13, 15, 18,26, 27, 28,29, 30, Sivalli 43, 44, 48, 141, 151 Tadagani 10, 14, 158 Vaisakha Sarilvatsara 81
31, 34, 35, 37, 39, 41, 46, 52, Siva-Mandhatrvarman 8, 9, 33, Tagare 8, 14, 44, 45, 52, 53, 56, Vakataka 10, 11, 25
53, 68, 85, 87, 110, 114 41, 90, 91 155, 156 Valandata 48, 126
Sara 104 Sivanandavarman 40
170 Inscriptions of The Early Kadambas

Vallavi-Vi~aya 53, 55, 146 Vinhkada-cutukulanand

Valvilliagrahara 55 Satk~n;ff 3·, 4
Yamanaka 30 Virasarman 7, 13, 15, 18, 19,
Vamsastha 112 47, 67, 110
Vananasakarh 61 Vigm 48, 49, 87, 150
Vandamkke 152 Vi~i:iudasa 8, 33, 110, 154
Varahamihira 30 Vi~i:iudasavarman 39, 128
Varahi 45 Vi~i:iugopa 34
Varahi gotra 150 Vi~Qugupta 34
Vardhamana 49 Vi~Qukui:ic;lin20
Vari~enacarya 49, 122 Vi~i:iuvarman 7, 8, 14, 15, 28,
Variyaka 99 29, 33, 34, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43,
Var~a 30 45, 49, 52, 53, 54, 55, 106,
Var~apak~a 74 131, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137,
Vasantatilaka 29, 63, 100, 112 140, 146, 156
Vasantavatika 38, 54, 122 Vi~i:iuvarman 1st 31
Vatapi 45 Vi~i:iuvarman II 8, 14, 15
Vatsakakota 111 Vi~upa 12, 37, 125
Vatsaraja 42 V.V. Mirashi 11, 25
Vegura 60 PLATES
Ve(akki 60 y
VelpaUi 70
Vijaya-Siva-Mrgesavarman 30 Yajurveda 91, 95, 143
Vikramaditya VI 53 Yama 89
Vikramahkadevacarita 53 Yapaniyas 32, 130
Vikramendravarman II 20 Yuvaraja 41
Yuvaraja Devavarman 39
•

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