The UN in a Nutshell
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Presentasi ini merupakan materi dari perkuliahan umum mengenai peran PBB dan UNODC di dunia dan Indonesia. Presentasi dibawakan oleh Bapak Paku Utama, Konsultan UNODC di Auditorium Budi Luhur
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The UN in a Nutshell
- 1. United Nations and United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime Menara Thamrin Building 10 th Floor Tel: +62 21 314 1308 http://www.un.or.id/ TIPIKOR Building Ground Floor, Tel: +62 21 52920731 http://www.unodc.org/eastasiaandpacific/en/indonesia/index.html
- 2. Brief History of United Nations • The United Nations was born out of the ashes of World War II. Representatives of 51 countries met in San Francisco from April to June 1945 to write the UN Charter. Their hope was to create an organization in which countries would share the common goal of working together to prevent wars and to make the world a better, safer place for future generations. The name "United Nations" was coined by US President Franklin D Roosevelt in 1941, while the Second World War was going on. • The United Nations has grown to an organization consisting of 192 Member states today (the last country to join was Montenegro in 2006). All countries -- large and small, rich and poor, with differing political views and social system -- have a voice and a vote at the UN. • The UN is not a “world government”. It provides the means to help individual governments resolve conflicts and develop policies on matters which affect us all. • There are six official languages used at the UN: Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish.
- 3. The Programme of the United Nations • The Programme of the UN is structured under 6 main branches, known as organs: – The General Assembly, where all 192 countries have an equal vote. There, the representatives of Member States discuss and make recommendations on many issues, including military conflicts and the arms race, sustainable development, human rights, budget decisions, and ways to improve the state of children, youth, women and others; – The Security Council, which is composed of 15 countries, 5 which are permanent (China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States) and 10 which rotate. The Security Council deals with matters relating to peace and security; – The Economic and Social Council, which deals with issues relating to economic and social development and respect for human rights – The Trusteeship Council, which deals with decolonization issues but which is mostly inactive now (the Council suspended its work in 1994 when Palau became independent) – The International Court of Justice, which is responsible for handing down legal judgements on cases between member countries. Issues that have been brought before the Court include territorial boundaries, diplomatic relations, and hostage-taking – The Secretariat, which is led by the Secretary-General and which is composed of the staff of the United Nations.
- 4. The Secretary General • The Secretary-General is the highest ranking UN official.‑ Mr. Ban Ki-Moon, who is from the Republic of Korea, is the current UN Secretary-General. His five year term started‑ on January 1, 2007. He is the eighth Secretary-General of the United Nations. • The main functions of the Secretary-General are: – to be the UN’s Chief Administrative Officer; – to use his “good offices” to promote peaceful settlements of disputes. – under Article 99 of the UN Charter, to bring issues which, in his opinion, may threaten international peace and security, to the attention of the Security Council.
- 5. UN Seven Priorities for 2010 • Mobilize to achieve the MDGs • Negotiate a binding agreement on climate change • Empower women • Progress toward a nuclear-free world • Prevent and resolve deadly conflicts • Advance human rights and the rule of law
- 6. Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in a Nutshell • In September 2000, building upon a decade of major United Nations conferences and summits, world leaders came together at UN Headquarters to adopt the United Nations Millennium Declaration. The world leaders committed to a new global partnership to reduce extreme poverty in their nations and around the world. The leaders agreed to a series of targets that have become known as the Millennium Development Goals, or the “MDGs” for short.
- 7. The UN in Indonesia • UN commits itself to the goal of increasing aid effectiveness (in line with the Paris Declaration and the Jakarta Commitments), through increased coordination linking more integrated UN-system support to national priorities in five key areas: social services, sustainable livelihoods, governance, climate change and environment, and resilience (disaster risk reduction).
- 8. At a More Detailed Levels, We Have Identified Five Outcomes • The poor and vulnerable benefit from quality social services and protection • The living conditions of vulnerable groups improved through access to decent work and productive sustainable livelihood opportunities • The poor, marginalized and vulnerable participate effectively in the democratic process for equitable access to resource and opportunities • Increased national resilience to disasters, crisis, and external shocks • Climate change mitigation and adaptation protect the poor and vulnerable, and promote their rights
- 9. The Partnership Framework between the UN and the Government of Indonesia related to MDGs • The new Partnership for Development Framework recognizes Indonesia’s status as a middle income country with national ownership and leadership of its development programme, working in partnership with the UN system and international organizations. • The framework therefore aligns itself strategically with key national development priorities for the period 2011-2015 -- with the common objective of making progress towards the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). • This partnership represents a shift for UN agencies, funds and programmes in Indonesia: away from a development assistance model of service delivery and toward a strategic partnership with the Government to decrease regional disparities and inform pro-poor and pro-MDG policies with measurable results for the people. • With this strategy, the UN commits itself to the goal of increasing aid effectiveness (in line with the Paris Declaration and the Jakarta Commitments), through increased coordination linking more integrated UN-system support to national priorities in five key areas: social services, sustainable livelihoods, governance, climate change and environment, and resilience (disaster risk reduction)
- 10. UNODC The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) was established in 1997 as the Office for Drug Control and Crime Prevention by combining the United Nations International Drug Control Program (UNDCP) and the Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Division in the UN Office located at Vienna. It was renamed the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime in 2002
- 11. The Structure UNODC, employing about 500 staff members worldwide, is headquartered in Vienna, with 21 field offices and two liaison offices in Brussels and New York City. The agency is led by an Executive Director appointed by the UN Sec. General, Ban Ki-Moon. Presently, the Executive Director is filled by Yuri Fedotov, the Russian Ambassador to the United Kingdom, succeeded Antonio Maria. The long-term aims of the office are to better equip governments to handle drug, crime, terrorism, and corruption-related issues, maximise knowledge on these issues among governmental institution and agencies, and also to maximise awareness of said matters in public opinion, globally, nationally and at community level. Approximately 90% of the Office's funding comes from voluntary contributions, mainly from governments.
- 12. The Goal UNODC was established to assist the UN in better addressing a coordinated, comprehensive response to the interrelated issues of illicit trafficking in and abuse of drugs, crime prevention and criminal justice, international terrorism, and corruption. These goals are pursued through three primary functions: research, guidance and support to governments in the adoption and implementation of various crime-, drug-, terrorism-, and corruption-related conventions, treaties and protocols, as well as technical/financial assistance to said governments to face their respective situations and challenges in these fields.
- 13. Treaties UNODC has 4 major of Treaties: Crime-related treaties, Drug-related treaties, terrorism-related treaties, and Special events Crime-related treaties • United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and the Protocols Thereto • United Nations Convention against Corruption Drug-related treaties • Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961 as amended by the 1972 Protocol • Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971 • United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988 The three major international drug control treaties are mutually supportive and complementary. An important purpose of the first two treaties is to codify internationally applicable control measures in order to ensure the availability of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances for medical and scientific purposes, and to prevent their diversion into illicit channels. They also include general provisions on trafficking and drug abuse. Terrorism-related treaties • International conventions and protocols Special events • Special treaty event on 20 April 2009 • On 20 April 2009 the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime and the United Nations Office of Legal Affairs jointly organized a special treaty event for the promotion of universal counter-terrorism and crimes conventions and the Convention on the Safety of United Nations and Associated Personnel.
- 14. Go Case, Intelligence software system • Go case is a software package developed by UNODC that is designed to assist regional or domestic clusters of intelligence and law enforcement agencies to gather, analyze and share information and intelligence, agency to agency, or though a centralised hub. The system provides a secure and collaborative environment for sharing information and intelligence within established national legal frameworks, or within multilateral / regional / international agreements. • goATR (Asset Tracing Recovery) is the latest addition to the ''go'' family of IT products. All these products can be deployed as ''stand alone'' systems. However, when used in combination, they can receive raw data from any source and in any form, manage and analyze data, produce intelligence packages, manage all aspects of the investigation and prosecution process and, with the addition of goATR, identify, track, manage assets derived from criminal activity and manage whatever forfeiture or recovery procedure is applied to the assets be it civil or confiscation based.
- 16. goCASE implements multiple security layers to eliminate unauthorized access to the application and to enforce data integrity. Assignment of different roles in the case investigation processes to different groups ensures efficiency in investigation processes. Access to goCASE is based on individual and group privileges permitting only authorized users to access different levels of information. goCASE maintains comprehensive audit trails to track all activities in the Workflow History Log for each case using timestamps and user IDs, logging the names of individuals who have changed any information on the case and the time the changes were made.
- 17. UNODC Kantor Program Indonesia Memperkuat Integritas dan Kapasitas Lembaga Peradilan di Indonesia, Tahap II (2008-2010) Dukungan untuk Meningkatkan Kea-manan Melalui Peningkatan Kapasitas Aparat Penegak Hukum – JCLEC (Persetujuan Bappenas 19 Nopember 2009) Memperkuat Kapasitas Lembaga Anti Korupsi di Indonesia (2010-2012) Donor: Jerman Lama proyek: 2 tahun Jumlah Dana: $ 1,505,840 Donor: Norwegia Lama proyek: 3 tahun Jumlah Dana: $ 2,180,000 Donor: Komisi Eropa Lama Proyek: 36 bulan Jumlah dana: $ 6,700,000 Kegiatan 1: Pelatihan Manajemen penanganan Kejahatan Transnasional Mitra: POLRI, Kejaksaan, Mahkamah Agung, PPATK, KPK Kegiatan 2: Perekrutan lokal trainer dan pengembangan trainer professional Mitra: POLRI, Kejaksaan, Mahkamah Agung, PPATK, KPK Kegiatan 3: Pengembangan rencana pelatihan dan pendidikan jangka panjang bagi JCLEC Mitra: POLRI Kegiatan 4: Pengembangan jaringan akademis antara JCLEC dan lembaga lain Mitra: POLRI Mitra: Mahkamah Agung, Komisi Yudisial, Kejaksaan, Mitra: Kejaksaan Agung, Mahkamah Agung, POLRI, KPK, PPATK Memperkuat Program Kepastian Hukum dan Keamanan di Indonesia: Dukungan Pemberantasan Korupsi (2009-2012) Donor: Komisi Eropa Lama Proyek: 34 bulan Jumlah dana: $ 3,627,555 Kegiatan 1: Penguatan fungsi Supervisi dan Koordinasi KPK Mitra: POLRI, KPK, Kejaksaan, Kegiatan 2: Program Pelatihan Khusus Mitra: POLRI, KPK, PPATK, Kejaksaan, Mahkamah Agung, Pengadilan Tipikor, BPK Kegiatan 3: Penguatan Strategi anti korupsi dan implementasinya melalui peningkatan keterlibatan dan kordinasi pemangku kepentingan Mitra: POLRI, Kejaksaan Agung, Mahkamah Agung, KPK, PPATK, Bappenas, Menpan Kajian terhadap REDD dan Pemerintahan (2010) Donor: Norwegia Lama proyek: 6 bulan Jumlah Dana: $ 200,000 Mitra: Kementrian Kehutanan, Kementrian Lingkungan Hidup, KPK, POLRI, Kejaksaan, PPATK, Mahkamah Agung UNODC Pusat regional Asia Tenggara dan Pasifik Lembaga pelaksana: Partnership governance reform in Indonesia (Kemitraan), UNODC Lembaga Pelaksana: UNODC, National Police Improvement Agency (UK), Charles Sturt University (Australia), Partnership governance reform in Indonesia (Kemitraan), JCLEC Lembaga Pelaksana: ICW, TII, GTZ, Basel Institute on Governance, UNODC Lembaga Pelaksana: CIFOR Diversified and effective integrated drug treatment and HIV prevention, treatment and care services Donor: Swedia Lama proyek: 26 bulan Jumlah Dana: $ 500,000 Mitra: KPA, BNN, Kementrian Kesehatan, Kementrian Sosial, Advisory function, working with BNN and KPA (Aids Eradication Commission) Kantor Pusat UNODC Vienna Dialog Kebijakan (2010) Donor: UNAID Programme Acceleration Fund Lama proyek: 1 tahun Jumlah Dana: $ 25,500 Mitra: KPA, BNN, Kementrian Kesehatan,, Kementrian Sosial,
- 18. UN - It’s Your World Please Ask!