History of Northampton, Lehigh, Monroe, Carbon, and Schuylkill ...

G£^

ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 

3 1833 01178 9531 

GENEALOGY 

974.8 

R87H

j 

lll;iTORY 

OF 

I NOKTIIAMPTON 

' 

I-FJilGIf. :\tONR01s CARBON. 

i5ci[[iyL!ai,L(:a]NTi[:s 

! 3RIEF 

j 

I 

I rublish 

j 

?c 

HISTORY OF flli': I'lRST SFTTl 1:HS. 

TOPOGRAPHY OK I'OWNSillPS, 

ICL.S OF Ll'ADlNCi i.Vl.N'lS, IM'IUiNTS, /..Nj) •'N.l> f- I.M LMi 

I'At; l".S IN THE KAKi Y HIS I XdlV i;l' TillilSK CUUN I It/. 

NTAINING MATTEKS OF DEEP INTEKEST. A^-^/^ 

Compiled from varioua aulhuntic sources 

BY I. DANUOL Ul"!'!'. 

Author of " Der Macrtyrer Uouchiclitu," " Ho I'aa.i Ekklesia," ice tiC. .Vc. tn: 

1 auii iold 

BY G. iin.i,.s, I'KOi'rn. rui{, j.anca.sti:k, pa. 

i llAIJPfolilJUCi: 

MICKUK ANO CiNi'Xr, liUMllHS AND blNDEK^.

K 

1822004 

r.nl if.d ill ilu;

' 

1' REV ACE. .. 

,.-,,.„., 

I (^ VVhkn local cveius aiul mciaeiits arc iiiorged in \\... 

JJ^J yeuci-al history ol' ;. coiiniry or nation, it would l.o .. 

1 

' - fruitless attempt to îve caiibcs, and notice ellects, ai.-i 

( I at the same time preserve^ a consecutive chronological 

lend 

arrangement ol' lac I... Tins may he; done in re-uLj' 

j ;: 

history; hut it ca.inot, in a local history, svitlioiil 

\ V iuuchampliru';ilion,:ind llic introduction ol' that whi.'ii 

1 ' is apparently irrelevant. All that the writer h;;. 

j '.aimed 

at in this compilation, \vas to emhody in a 

|\X convenient form, the prominent events, leading in( i 

I 

"\ dents in the early and continued liistory of thcMi 

la \counties, without regard to strict chronological order 

topographical descrii)tion of townships, towns, vil- 

lages, &c. How fiu- this has heen accomplished, is 

left to the candid r.adef to say. Nothing has hee.i 

h.'ft undone on the ^ art iî the compiler, to collect ma- 

terials of a hi'.-iorf ai and topograi)liical character, an.i 

arrange theui ir;ewrding to the best of his judgmei,:. 

Touching da- ni.ui..r Usell contained in this booi., 

i1m- >/riter Itei^Luaos );oi to confess, that liis clain:;. le 

.

origiiiainy^ rac none of the strongest. CircinL:-ia!n .i 

as he was wiioii preparing this work for pioss, lu' 

had toa.'ail hinibvlf of the labors of other.. 11;, 

time Was too reslrieted, and his means very uiinl 

hmited lo niiike extensive personal observations, iuia 

colled nr,itt:i ds while makinga li)ur of the e.ai.i^.cii- 

Tliose \,lui eonld iiave done more within tlii^ t.iii;;, 

and \» id> d.i' same means, shonld make the ui.ii, \'. 

satisfy iliemî Ives Avhat can be done in thi\ UAiy, k. 

lire brief sj lee '•' c>/" Icn (/(/t/.^ in a cou/tlh.^' \\ 

honesty o{ \> ,i-[n)sc and indnstry conld ahmc f u ine 

want of tinit-, dn'ii the writer wcniid offer thes_, ni 

t(3nu[itiMn. 

Only a few months ago, he commenced his > 

i . 

wii.jM 

lalion ; and aS he was, in the short spate -if i a w 

months, to luve copy ready for press for a I miIc .;; 

43'J pages, (lulefore, anxious not to fail m hi;, o.i) 

tract witli the jjubHs/ier, to have it ready by die 1. 

of Novembei , 

18 

1 I, he prosecuted his task 'iiii ;di 

possible assitiiiity and despatch; nevertheless, h< aM-d 

to trace facts .u their sources; and these, it i- ei/i. 

lidently believed, are authentic. 

Passing over some delects, the reader will u .idii;; 

grant thai ihv. writer may, at least, lay claim lo ihe 

merit o{ bt li;- a iu'ihi'ul and laborious cou/piie/ 

Tie v;ouhl hen; frankly make an avowal .d' ih-' 

source,, i.- wbii ii L'e chieUy repaired for cun:i ikait'i'., 

viz: Tiie lM>JS. I'.ovincial Records, Report;^, L. m;i 

1>

' Gi'scliichle, 

! the 

ill the Oilice ol llio v'-^jcrotary of State at Ilarrisbuig, 

votes of A.-r-.: inl'l/, Loskiel's Jlistoiy of the Mo- 

ravians, lloclct'uela: .'s Narrative, Crautz's Brueder 

Si):'i!g;niherg''s J.ebeii, Hazard's Register, 

j (Gordon's Gaz. Ce ,»< Pt'nn.sylvaiiia, Day's Historical 

j Colhctioii, J)uul;(p';> Liiid Clayiiool's Daily Advertiser, 

; Hall 

I many 

and Simu,i'''. Peiiubviv'aiiia Oaxelte— besides 

ulliers t.-)iiec i ii the liody of tlie \v.)rk. 

iNumorous aic Itiu woiks di'awii from, and the au- 

thorities referred to. Ami now to those who may h el 

dis])osed to sUL'g(;SL that the c()tn])ilcr lias ma

UEFACE. 

Well inigliL .he v/iiter be allowed to complrai., I 

colled liUi'. )'ials,aiid })i-epare a book, ofboiv,ecu li. >: 

and îx liiiiidied luiges, for pre.ss, in a tew aiohilr-' 

gavelum luiicli tiou])le. In view of these dniûiilli': 

attending Jii.; comi-ilation, ho would clann tl.u ijidi I 

genco of il,.: readci-—and with thuso facts, hci ., ; lui.i 

the g(jwd h .Hired (lilic, it is believed, will ha'-i '.ii,: 

comiJLi.s-siOii ii]ion the conipilci', and r(;meni:ii' th , 

^'1)1 hii.utcfLL..'i siiid l//ii'o/l/iO?/t//icn/iei/cn.^' 

]jAKCASTi:i\, Jtinuar}/, 1815. 

.

0,\rT8SI0N. 

The tbllowiiig should have been noticed in speak 

ing ofEaston. Th^re was also an Indian treaty h.l.l 

at Kaston, Janiiai'y ,!(>, J\ — JM-hruary 1, b, 1777, be- 

tween Coniniissiom ,s in In^haifot" the United State., 

and a number of li.lian ('hi(;lis, in Ijchalj' oT tlie Si\ 

Nations, and iheii , or king lasl night. 

Iutei]a.:ie(\ Tiiomys (rKKEN',a IVToliawk

(XiNTENTS. 

iUM'l'l'Ai I. 

Introduction; Sv^des seille; William Penn borr. , 

l*enn obtained u clii.ler; (irat settlers .sail for AnitriCa; 

Penn follows; accesi-Kjn of .settlers from London, llollam'. 

(•erinany,

X CONTENTS. 

in Northrin.ptoi. ; many Welsh iii tlie coal regions ; i trJ . 

prayer in Wcl-h. — p. 13— 15. 

The Lvisii . 

unit; 

CHAPTER IV. 

ol' their immigration to Penusyl, .Uiin , 

principall) i'n-!.: the nurtli of [relauil ; i*arliameiit a.om records of

CONTENTS. \1 

Bethel; IviL'liiiiOii 1 ; I'MaifiL-ld ; AlK;ii township; KreidL,.-> 

ville ; ll;uit rituvi! , Wl-.u cisljuig ; Nelighsville ; Pbiriiu'hl 

towns!, ij.; I:' llville ; \Vanlsl)urir ; Jacksonville; 

Lehig-li townshii) , B^rliiiville ; Cherryville ; Moore tow!:- 

ship ; Keriit \ Hi^ ; l\ U'ckiiersville ; Saiicon township; lli.llevstown 

; llnn^vi luwn.ship ; Williams township ; «oi.i!' 

l''.abtoii ; tli'i I cli. li works; South ll.i.sion i'urnaci; ; 

Gliindoii ir(jii woil.i; Williamsport ; Ikishkillo townhlii;; ; 

Jacob^l)urg ; i'Vik-: Mwnbliij; ; .SlockersvilU; ; Lower l\a/;,rcth 

lownsli;|- , 1 !. .:kloxvii ; Newburg-; lJ|)|)tjr i\azar>;L 

tov^nslup; j\ :,' .r. li. , 'I'hi.' lJo-(;; liiihlcluni lov, )irrl,.^> ; 

Fre.eniansburg ; liru li'hrin ; l-'riuden-llufil'-'n ; nuuibur ci 

jnteresting lutlrrs, A'( .— ji. o.s— lo

Xll (ONTKNTS. 

Dulotsbui-,^' • 

(:i.:^'b 

^Jea(lo\v; Branchville ; li'ppiu. c- 

Miildle Smiil.ii.-lu lounaliij) ; Indian massacres; CooririUfTh 

township; iNnoic\'ille ; Spruce Cirove ; JSaxville ; 'i'oby- 

luuHia tuwiisiiip ; (heat ^:;waM)p ; Pokono township ; Bar- 

lonsville; 'J'an i. rsviHc ; Oheslnuiliill township; iloss 

township; \Viiiil (iaj); Ivnnkiesvilie ; Hamilton icvn 

.ship; Snyili/iVili',- ; ]\.lKrsvill ; Founersvillc ; Saylor^vilic, 

p. M5— iSU 

(-llAP'J'KIi XII, 

. 

ciiAi'ri:j{ xiii. 

Tok'aoKAi'iiY Oi 'J'owNsiiii's ; iMauch ('hunk lownhliip ; 

Mauch Chunk; I.lauch CMiunk Hold; Puhhc l)uihh:,o,- ; 

Maiicli (Ihunk immnliin; discovery of coal; Lehir^K co:,l 

and navi'ialum conijiaiiN ; raih'Oads ; J-ausanne; lNi'iH,i- 

hoi'.in

TopociRAPiiv, 

CHAl'TEli II. 

XIV rONTEVTS. 

Peiinmau"; coliiL.ies ; Patrick's collieries; the Mim. IliU 

C()lliel•ie:^ ; l.ick i;iu collieries; Kinsley's colliery; Wil- 

liams' aiid Di.v; j' colliery ; Silver creek collieries ; ihu 

Union coUieric .s ; lielmont collieries ; David Richard'.s col- 

liery ; rii/iiuuicii's colliery ; Hendersons colliery; .la.Ti.-_- 

Berry's colliery ; the Belfast colliery ; Heebner's coiliurv ; 

the Juncti.)': cJlieries ; Bolton &L Co's collieries ; I'oit 

Carbon district ; die Salem collieries ; Mill creek di.>uicl ; 

Itonaldson's coii'cry ; Kainbow collieries ; Sillynuin it 

Kvan's e;"i'ii. ry ; Pinkeilou's colliery; Mammoth ci.iiioy. 

p. '6o()— ;;hi). 

iâiAPTER V. 

Education; Cjiiiniou schools; Prediger und Schiila t i.v 

ter in one person ; hclicmi dl' instructiiiff (iermans, .Vc. lU 

1751 ; iirst incini. ts (jI' ihis society ; school eslabli-lu il iiiider 

this seluuie ;ii New Hanover, New Providence, Jxtuding. 

Lancaster, YorK, ilasion, ttc. ; Easlon free school in 1755 ; 

contributors towaiua ihu free school; Layfayette College; 

conrseof iiihtnu i.oii ; K ciurLS ; terms of admission lO the- 

collei^fc cb.-Hi-s ; i âmiiiaiiun ; expenses ; the model ti[.>!oi : 

scniiiKuirs of r\; Mill ill and 15cihlchcm ; common . i.ii 1 

system.— p. ;{8() -10;i. 

APPENDIX. 

A JounNAL or Jamis Yolng, C'Ommmissary (ion'!, jVoiii 

June 19, to June 'Mi, 1850; A Journal of Capt. John Van 

Etten, at I'orl Hyndshaw and Fort Hamilton, tic. from 

December 1, 175i), to July 21, 1757; Col. James P.r.vd'r 

Journal, who vibii. d a number of h'orts in 1758.— p. 105 

459. 

ADDENDA. 

FiiAGMEXT o;- A Jolirnal, detalingthc "doings" iii .I'ni 

about Foit Nui!' Kill; Teedyuscung ; Religious i.-.i;' 

p. 461. 

—

IILSTOM OF COUNTIES,

INIRODUCI'ION. 

(IIIAI'TER T. 

Scarcely two centuries have passed by since the 

lute man held any pn-sessions among the red men oi 

!ie woods, withni tlie iJmits of Peimsylvania. A little 

nore than two hinidiv;! yi-;irs agu, the Indians held a 

overeign right it; the >o]\ ol" Peimsylvania; and tlarrc 

iâs none beside his uwni I'orcst brethren, in all the. 

irilds, glens, vales antl muimtains, to molest or distnrl) 

liai in his ixMCi'lul alMjdes of the extended ''Si/lva/iic..''' 

u the priiirress ot'tiine, liowever, the Swedes came ami 

tiled within llu; liniiis (if Pennsylvania, ahoul the year 

(j;?8—they pmcha.>ed lands at ti eheaj) rale, from llie 

lulians in ami aliout Tinicum Isle, wiiich afterwards 

iccame the seat of government of the New Sweden coloiy;foras 

early as 1642, John Printz erected there a 

pacions mansion, well known in history as Printz' Hall. 

lere the Swedes lield possessions tiU 1()55, when tlie 

[)utch subdued them, and brought them under the jmislietion 

of Peter Stuyvesant, (Jovernor of New Nether- 

aiids, who, however, in his turn, was soon afterwardt; 

;oiiqu

2 IXTKODUCTION. \ 

his Crnaior. At this time the founder of Pennsylvaa. 

on account ol' his reUgious seiithnents, siitfered niLici.> 

this way ; aiid m order to escape jêrsecution, a. id t-i 

i 

) 

tablish a col. my for the oppressed of all denoiiiiiiati.,!, ; 

turned his eye tiiion the western world. 1 

William r«.-i.n, was born in London, Octoher lu, io ] 

grandsou of Giles Penn, and son of Sir ^Villi;ull PiJi. i 

Admiral of the English Navy, availed him.-. Hol i' 

claims la. iia'J upon the liritish Government, uii .ccou e 

of the emine.a services his father had rendered d,u eou < 

try, petitioned King CharKis II., thai, in lieu di a ijr I 

sum of money, sixteen thousand ]»ounds, dur il'' .^di. \ 

. 

ral, at his dcalli, to g-rant him letters patent lor a Uarl, i 

land in America, " lying north of Maryland ; ci ,iic ; 

bounded by iJelawtire river; on the wosl,limil( ii as M 

' 

ryland •, and n>Kthward, to extend as far as pl;i';r:d)!e.' ^ 

Pcnn obtain* d a charter from Charles II., dated ^ ! 

Westminster, IMareh 4, 1(381. Having now ! lm. s •'. 

1 

proprietary of Pennsylvania, he made sales oi' i;>h(i . 

i ' 

adventurers, called first settlers, who embark

I 

l:

I IN'l'llODUCTION. ,^' 

ginia and Canada; tliosewho were principally .seaUici > 

die Delaware, were the Lenni Leuape, and were co\i4; 

dered th.j graiidfathers of near forty tribes. Tlic oilu ;^' 

were the Mi>r.;:we, or usually called Iroquois, wlio ii 

habited (ho more northern portion of the United States 

The Iroquois were also divided into numerous tribes. ; 

Accordiiig 10 po})ular tradition, the numerous vn\:u:t /. 

the Delaware and Iroquois, trace their origin to ;...' 

sources. The traduious, as handed down by di.::r •.[ 

cestors, run tiiiis: The Lenni Lenape, or, for brevity ''i 

sake, " Ia tirpr'' nx-aniiig The original pci'pL. weii- :.:'' 

unmixed and unchanged race, residing, many ceauur^w 

ago, towards the setting of the sun—somewhere in ll| 

ivat of ibis (ciilincnt. For fc,ome reasons, not exj'la'; - i; 

llKiy deturmiia'd to migrate towards the rising .M'tby >\\m 

After their journeying tlavy arrived at the Fish i:i>J) 

the Namasi Sijxt, (Mississippi ;) liere they i'Ai u\ vui. i 

nation, also in ([uesl of a new home castwanl-— iho-| 

he Mengwe, or Iroipiois, as they have sna.-e I- >f 

W(ne I 

called. They here united their forces, antici]-:.L!;i..' i'i| 

j»(».sitioii fioiii I 

|)et)])le uf gigantic form, and >. i.o|..;i(;.i^ 

': 

lace, the Alligewi, on the east of the iMi^MsNi|;^c, "n' 

many days alter dieir union, before they advai.:'. !. m;^ 

ny and nnglily battles were Ibught—the Alligewi U) ' r!,:j 

\n:'A.,\Ac u^-'Tlfj: Ncia Union'' lied tar south \v:i id. b-l 

never returned. The victors now divided die , .^ 

die country was shared oiU among diemselves— tli/i- 1, '• 

die. head \vi|:.|-; !' the |)(d;t\vare and Siisqin Il,!,ij..'. ; •: 

| ;

IN'i HODOCTION. r, 

vers on the iiorlh. nud . . tliat range of lulls now known 

^ 111 New Jersey by .lie .;unie of Muskenecum, and by 

[those ot Lclngh and Coghnewago, in Pennsylvania- 

1 he Monceys einbvaced a number of subordinate inbcs 

I who were known by na.nes deri\êd from their residence' 

iorsome aceidentul eucuuistance. Sneh were the Sns-' 

i quehannas, 

I 

^ Shortly 

Neshauiines, Coni.-,loffas, and other tribes m 

the province of PcMisvlvania. 

afiiBr t L . .ni..d oi William Pemi, a number of 

Germans, Welsh, Iridi and otliers, immigrated to thu 

provinces ; many ,, fwlv.se descendants are to be found 

withm the counties ut vliieh iL is intended to give a his- 

tory. 01 these, something will be said, before entering 

u))on the historical pan id' this work.

CHAPTER II 

THE GERMANS. 

The Germans, who first emigrated into the I'lui:. 

of Pejnisylv;:j:ia,canio chielly for conscience' hal.j"; ; tbr.'-ei 

who aji'i\ t)(l raalatrr period, came to improve Ihcii i i 

poral, a:-: \V( II as tlieir spiritual condition. T^^T ).j- i - 

names of the liisl (German emigrants, except a few oT iii':: 

German Quakers who came in witli Penn, are pres'-^r^. i' 

Among the very first, wliose name has hei )i hand' :il 

down, is that of ifenry Fry, who arrived two y.u'j s 1 j 

i 

fore WiUiam renn. His widow was sti)l livin- in 1 7 i 

One Platenbach came a few years later, t In ]G8.?, 

considtn-ahle number came from Cresheim—the.-:e "." 

..j 

principally Quakers. They settled at Geri-iaM,. m 

About the year 1G84 or '85, a company was f .iii.M-.l i 

Germany, calKul the ''Frankfort Land Coinpaiiy/ 

sisting at first of ten gentlemen, living in FraiiK-ftn, o 

the Mayne; their articles were executed in thai cily > 

the 2 1tli of November, 1G8(3. They seem to liave h. < 

men of note by the use of each of his separate se;-.!. Tlie: | 

names were G. Van JNIastrick, Thomas V. WylicL .1 Li! 

Le Bran, F. Dan. Pastorious, John J. Schuetz, jia.ni.:' 

Behagel, Jacobus Van JJewaller, John W. Peiersoii. J;;j 

hamies Kimb( i, Balihasur Jowest. They bought 25. •I 

acres of land fiom Penn. Tlie Germantown pai.-^nt lorj 

5350, and the Manatauney patent for 22,377 acres. T.I 

D. Pastorious was ai)pointed the attorney lor tbe coh.(.i I 

ny, and after his resignation, Dan. Faulkner was, in 17061 

made attorney. 

| 

In 1708, 1709, 1710, to 1720, thousands of fii.;m en.i^ 

grated \Ai(t were known as Palatines, becaus.; ihi^y liad^ 

come froiii die Palatinate, whither some hadl)'0u fox i.f^ 

to flee from their homes in other parisofEuivpe. Iviaii;,jt 

' ii-A. N>ich. j Ibul. 

j 

'

I 

^ 

HISTOaV OF NOKTHAMP'J'ON COUNTY, 7 

ofthesehadgoiL-fijst to Enc^land on the invitation oi 

Queen Anne, at v/hose bounty, not a few were transported 

to America. Hundreds of them wer& gratuitously 

lurnished witli religious and useful books, before thendeparture, 

by the Kead Anton Wilhelm Eoelim, Courtchaplam, 

of St. James. Tlie principal book was Arudt'î 

Uahres Christeiubuni. Among these German emigrauf'; 

were Mennonites. Jjimkards, German llefornied, and 

Lutherans. T'k u niiriber was so great, as to draw tlremarks 

Irom Jin.-., hoyan,.secretary of the province Î 

Peim.sylrania, in 1717— • W'c have,'"' said he, ^' of Uur, 

in u].(jn ns witlu-nr 

X great unmlicr (,/ l\i,,,tin, :, pomcd 

r any recommendation or notice, which gives the country 

some uneasiness, for fn-eiLmens do not so well amon^-- ir. 

as our own Engli.bli jt.-oplc." 

In 1719, Jonathan J)jcl.io.s(m remarks,

lioi;.!-,!-:

HISi'OuY i;t' i-a.RTHAMPTON COUNTV. !; 

the Asseinlily jiassc J a fax of twenty shillings a head ou 

new arrived ycrvaiil.". 

"In anotlier letter, he says, the numbers from Gernx:iny 

at this rate w'A\ soon produce a German colony here 

and })erliaps sucii an. :ine as IJritain received from Saxony 

in the 51h century. Ho even states,as among the ai^prchended 

schenur, .)l Sir William Keith, the former governor, 

that lie, Ihuia;id and Gould, Iiave liad sinister pro 

jects of formiiii'^ :iu in iependent province in the west, m 

the westward of ih.: Germans, towards tlie Ohio— prol-ably 

Avest of the riiuim'ain-;, and to be supplied Ijy his 

friends among d; ]'\!aiii:i-^ and Irish, among whom -./as 

his cliief popularity ;a that time. 

7 

''From 1740 to 1 ')i3, emigrants came in byhuii(h'( Is 

During this period a iaimher of Moravians and Swenclc-- 

felders arrived, and ,;. Itled, ])rincipally, within the [Ui;- 

sent limits of Norlhai,i|)ton county and Lehigh. Of these 

a detailed accomil will be given when speaking of those 

counties. 

"In tlie autumn of 1719, not less than twenty vess-.l;., 

with German ]iassen;.êrs to the number of twelve thouscmd, 

arrived at Phihididjihia. In 1750, 1751, and 17v?, 

the number was not much less. Among those who einigrated 

in the years fr )m 1740 to 1752, there were maiiy 

who bitterly laineuted that they iiad forsaken their honus 

for the Province of Pennsylvania. At that time there 

was a class of Germans who had residetl some time in 

Pennsylvania, well k'nowii by the name of Neulacnde.i .^ 

who made it their Imsiness to go to Germany and ]> revail 

on their countrymen to sacrifice their property, aiid 

embark for America. In many instances, persons m eayy 

circumstances at home, with a view to better their con 

dition, came to America, but to their sorrow found th;u 

their condition was rendered none the better, but in numerous 

instances worse, if not wn'etched. Others again, 

who liad not the nieiins of paying their passage across 

the Atlantic, were, on thrîr arrival at Philadelphia, txposed 

at public auelioii to .serve for a series of yeais t'> 

pa}^ their passage-. '1 hose, (bus disposed of, wiav; i> r.ned 

^! de/zLjAioHcra. '1 lie Palatine Uedemptioners \\oi

10 >HY GF iVOllTHAMPTON COUNTV. 

usually suid aui.ii ijouiids, for from tliree to five year 

s-ervjludc. Many or iheiii, after serviug out thvii- titf. 

latthtuUy, brcahji;, liy iVui^âlity and industry, soim; ofllu 

most wealthy and inlluentiaJ citizens of the State, Tl 

years that wore ]M>culiarly remarkable for tlie iinpovc:,iU.i 

of Palatiu.: U.'(i

HISTOIU- or NORTHAMPTON COUNTY. 11 

probably be fell thiough many generations! Instead ol 

a }jeaceable, iiiLlustrious people, as before, they arc Viow 

insolent, snilea, and turbnlenl ; in some counties tbieaiening 

even tlv.: lives of all tliose who opposed their views, 

liecausc they aj-e taught to regard government and slavery 

as one aiui the same tiling. All wlio are nui oi' 

their party, tl^.cy cdl '• Guvernor\

12 rnbi'Oivy of X0RTHA]NrPT0N countv. 

paper or almauac be circulated among them iiu); :.., [a: 

accompanii'd hy the English thereof." 

''Fmally/' the writer concludes, that '• Avithom .M-iia 

such measure, I see nothing to prevent this provm.e iVo,r 

falling mto tiie Innds of the French." 

]3etbre and from the Revolution of '76, German:, , n;, 

grated from Europe, and settled in those parts of rem 

sylvania— niiie-ienths of the early settlers in Norrhnnipton 

and Schuylkill counties, which eml.)raced, at their iii-^- 

organizatiou, rdl Uiose counties of which it is inopj-c:! 

to give a hisioiy. 

Since \82:], mony Germans, principally miner- i;:i'; , 

settled in the coid regions of these counties. 

,

OliAPTEE III. 

i'HE WELSH. 

In the very iiicipii /u stage of the first settlements maai^ 

in the PruvincL', iiiocy Welshmen arrived in Pennsylv;,- 

Ilia. Tliey AVCi.\ ot sterling worth and of a most exc ;1- 

lent character. ' Tliey were," says a certain writer, ..f 

the last century, " X liardy, active, hospitable and kiirh 

hearted people—only a little hasty and qaarrelsonK;." 

Among the most iniluential, at early day, was Tinjii i- 

Lloyi), one of Jênn'-. Depiuy Governors. He died ii; 

K) 94, aged fifty-four years, llis father, siays Proud, wns 

a person of fortune, rank and esteem ; of an ancient ibmily 

and estate, called Dolohran, in the North of ^Val^'^. 

Thomas Lloyd, the hue Deputy Governor, was educati-d 

in the best schools; from wliicli he was removed to iL . 

ITihversity at Oxford ; whcri;, it is said, he attained coii- 

siderable [)roficicncy ; 

and being endowed with good iii- 

tural parts, and an amiable disposition of mind, he .a • 

iracted the regard and esteem of persons of rank and 

figure, and was afterguards in the way of considerable, 

preferment hi the world ; but being of a sober and rt;ii' 

gious way of thinking, he joined witli the Quakers, a, id 

renounced all worldly considerations, for that peace of 

mind, and real mortal lelicity, which he believed to o^^ 

and become a highly esteemed 

the elTect of true religion ; 

preacher in that Society. In consequence ol' which, having 

sulfered much unmerited reproach, ])ersecution an-l 

loss of property, in his native country, he afterwards le- 

mo 

i, anumg the first or early settk-rs, 

;m l\jim's most intimate frieiii Is. 

.if i!j:j [)rincipal ]>ersons in iiu. 

h:^l arrival, and of very gi. :t 

i.iii- ;. 

V ,urrhnsed of William Peiin ;m 

id ;tcrcs of land, and settled Oil .i'v'

11 itlSiOHV OF NORTHAiMPTON COUXTV. 

west sidf. of Uio Scluiylkill river. Only a i'e w yv.;.i:. 

,, uts 

the well known Rowland Ellis, who sent over 'J'hnmn'; 

Owen and family to commence a settlement. ]\ :> sooner 

had Owen made improvement, in whicii he s])i'ni u I'cvnyears, 

when J']llis and one hundred other Welsli pn.bSL',; 

gers left ^Vales, and ejidjarked Ibr America in li.io. 

In l(i!)î many oiher Welsh fannlies arrived, >ini,ir, 

whom wia-e AViUiam Jones, Thomas Evans, n./i'r:;, 

Evans, Owen Evans, Cadwallader Evans, Hugh i Iririit'i. 

Edward FouIIcl', John Humphrey, Robert Jonc^, ai..> 

others, wlio ])urchased ten tlujusand acres of l;ii(d ir.tui 

[tobert Turner, in Ouinedd townshi[», Chester civ.)i ly 

There were oidy few Welsh settled at an early pc-ii 

in these counties; however, within the last ten or hfoeri 

years, many of Ihem are to be found in the coal i-^gion?, 

where they number several tliousand. 'J'hey l:nve, ai 

])resent, among dieu- ministers of the gosi)el, whi> preach 

to them in the Welsh tongue. The AN'elsh i.s ])roi! 

generally spoken by the adults and the young. 

Here a specini

ni.'iTOl'.Y or M>U'I HAMPTON COUNTV. la 

l;oiinyJdiol. A maudf !ii i ni oin dyledion, fel y maddeuwi/ 

. jiinau I'll dyledwyr. Ac iiacarwaiu ni i Lrofedigaeth, 

. citlir gvvared ni rliagdiwg. Caiiys eiddot ti y\v 'r deyrnas. 

a'r nearlh., a'r HG:ronui];t. yii oes ocsoedd. Amen.'

ClIAPTEll IV. 

THE IRISH. 

The I:'sh ejaigrcnits, says Watson, did not Lcuiu t-j 

come to '^•:hii :ylvania till about the year 171!'. '!'li' a 

which (iid (joi'it; wore yenerally Iroui the north ol ifjl;Li..l i 

Such a': r(M(M," !;ul Jirst, generally .settled at, ami ::'y.n- tliJ 

di.sputed Atarylaud liiie. James Jôgan, AvriiiiiL' oi" U:; .J 

to the Pro])rielaries, in 1721, say.s, they liave c ;nt ;-;lIi;J 

taken up iIk^ hiiiitlujrn lands, (ujeaning in LamiaMCi-, I'i-j 

wards tiif iMai; land line,) and as they rarely arijT'i.i'ii | 

ed him to ju-oi-),si.! to I'ureha.se, he calls tlann Lîid ;;iii.j 

indigent itran;: :r.s,baying as their excuse, when cl;:d:;',.; i 

ed idr titles, that we had solicited for colonists, ai.d (li '•A 

liad come accoidingly. They were, however, und.j -.n.M.d 

to be a tolerated class, exempt from rents Ijy an ludiMiU'.;! 

of 1720, in coh iilciation of their being a Ironii.i jm n; '; 

' 

Idrunng a kind o( cordon ol' deienct', if needlni. Tin \ 

j 

were soon calhd bad ntdghbors by tlie Indians. Ci ndiii 

them thsdainluily, and iinally were the same r,,i '; \v\i() 

committod llie outrages callecl Faxtang IMassacir. 'fl; 

general ideas ave founil in the Logan 1\ISS. ( (ilk;.iio!i, 

Some of ihe daui are as tollows : 

"In 17535, Jarncs Logan states, that there are s:. i;i,ii.' 

as one hundred thousand acres of land, possessed by ]' - 

.sons, (including Germans,) who resolutely .set do v n ; n I 

improved it without any right to it, and he is miiei! ai , 

loss to determine how to dispossess tliem. 

'' Li I7'-Ji^ he expresses himself glad to fmd dmi ,i,.; 

lârliiuneiii i.s ;d.ont to take measures to ])reven. d'( t »o 

; 

f 

free emi,in'ati(-n lo this eountry. Tn the nieaiui.rn: Ihc 

Assembly 1;; i! Lu.i e iv'.h-aining tax of twenty -bill!;.':,: I 

a lujad lor every S'rrv.tnl arriving; but ev( n tbi- ''v.'isevaded 

in die ,::a:.e ( 

die arrival of a ship iVoi, Dunliu. | 

with on;; Ir.iiiin-ed ,:'.(bolicsand convicls, by lanJi i; d,e-ni 

| 

i l}in-lii:;îou. li leoks, savs be, as ii' Ireland ,: \:> . 'id | 

j 

j 

|

HISTOltY 01 NultrnAMPTON COUNTY. 17 

»11 her iiiliaLitaiii,:, Jiiili :i\ lor Inst wut'k, not loss than iîx 

iliips airivL'cl, uiul c\ j / (iLiy two or three arrive alsc. 

The coiiimoii I'co is, ih.d, if they continue to come, thciy 

vill nialce ihetu'^:: he:: j ro])! ieioi's of the province. It is 

.tianae, says Ii>'. th;a Mii'y thus crowd wliere they on- 

lOt wanted. Ihil ]j::,-.ides these, convicts are irnporti-d 

hither. d1ie Iii;h.ujS themseU'es arc; alanned at lln; 

bwarras of .stj-ai.;.''is, ;,i.d we are airaid of a breach between 

Ihein—for d.e fi:di are very rough to thern." 

'•In 17J0,lii; uiiic; ;,Md roui[)IaLns of thi; Scotcli Irish.. 

ill an authadoHs ami d: -rdi riy iuanncr, posscssiiiL'- thcjii 

wolves of die wiioii.: of ('(.iir:,ii):ja niaiioi-, of liflci.ii diou 

tviiid acres, heiiiu;; the 1). si bind ni lh(i coiiiilry. Indoiii 

this by hn'cc;, they alb.:. .1 tbiit it w.is aiiainst the biws 

ofCjodand natiOi.', thai so niiKdi land sboubl be idb;, 

U'liiie so many Cln-isUai.s waiil(.:(l it to bihor on, and to 

ruLse their bread, (!:v:c. 'I'be Paxtang boys were; ;ji( at 

sticklers tor religion and Muiptiire quotations against " die 

lieathen." 'I'hcy wcji', howan'er, dispossessed by iluj 

I 

Sherilf and \\\s jjo.sse, and their cabins, to the numher of 

I 

f " 

ihirty, Were burnt. This necessary vioh-nee was, periups, 

remembercLl widi indignaUoii; I'oronly twenty-live 

years afterwards, the I\cxtang massacre hegan l)y Idlling 

ihe Christian unotfending Indians found in Conestoga. 

The Irish were generally settled at Donegal." 

But few Scotcli Irish settled whhiu tlie hunts of thes-e 

i'ounties at an early period, except some twenty or more 

taiiiilies, in Nortliam])toii comity, Allen township, a place 

known as Craig^s Scttknivul. 

This settlement was jikuL, says the Rev. Webster, of 

{ Mauch Chunck, from die iiordi of Ireland, about tlie 

p 

[ of 

. where 

year 1728-30. I'hat was the period at which the tide 

Presbyterian emigration began to take jilace. ' \\ illi;ua 

Craig, Esq., and Tl annas Craig, appear to have been 

the principal settlers ; dicir residence was not far from 

the Presbylerlap chureh in Allen township now 

stands. Others— na-n of iirojierly, inlluenceandreligiouj 

I'hai-acter—7Wero Jobn Palsl^n, Robert Walker, .John 

Walker, John 1\1 ?J;dr, iobu Hays, James King, Gabriel 

I 

King. 1.: only sen. enuaon'. i(.r his piety; Arthur Latlt-

18 IilS'IOlU' or NOKTIIAMP'J'OX COUAl'V. * 

jiiore, Hugh Wilson, William Youiip^, GeorGe ri;!,s,,i< 

Kobert Gib:ôn, Amhew Maun, .Tallies Riddle, Jwhn Hoy,;' 

Widow Mary Duhlnii, Nigel Gray, and 'JMunnas Ar,; 

strong." 

There are .still - 

some oi'the descendants of tlie.sj eo|4 j 

occupying tlie very farms first settled Ly them. Of .!,'i 

years, m.ti.y Irish have emigrated into ScliuyJKiJl aul, 

Carbon roimlii'.s, and are })rincipally fuund iii Jn i,;/ 

regions 'i'he greaii'r })roportioii of them arc Ca.iiiuli;; 

' 

and liavo |)ric,vt3 officiating in the Irish langua-v, vjii 

is spoken })y many of the laboring classes. 

To give the leader a specimen of the printed l.jiuaa:; / 

of these sons of Erin, the Lord's prayer lias bcou copioi 

from Gr. Daniels' editi(in of an Irish Bible, printed iC.i,'. 

Air naihir alaigh air nin. Nabz fat hanimti Ti?ia! 

da riatliiate. Deantur da hoilainhiioil Air ninih a;ns .'; 

thalainbi. Air naran laidthuil tabhair dliuin ri nioi.-i 

Agis math duin dairt", hiacha ammnil Agis mail'in! iii,. 

dar feuthiuuiini. Agis ua trilaic astoch sin anau -^n 

Ac sar sino oh;. Amen. 

English, (Jcrman, AVekh, and Irish, were the cagii,;:? 

settlers uf this region, with an occasional Frenehmair^! ! 

Dutchman. Of the two latter, some families. Van Edii.., 

and l)e})Lii, and others, settled at the Mhiisinf.\, on tii;^ 

borders of Monroe and Pike counties. Here set ilemc nh 

it is ])robable, had been made prior to 1 (>82. l

CllAPTEE Y. 

EKECTIUIV OJ .\uKTl[AMPTOi\ COIfNTY. 

William Iê ;x, tli( idUiiilcr of j'emisylvaiiia-, slioilly 

after liis arrival in l[ir^2. causfi,! several counties, in il.( 

provinci; t)t Feiui.sy Iwaiia, to he eslablishetl, namely. 

Pliila(leii)liia, D.law.ir. , Clicsler and Jiiicks. Wlu-., 

thiij cuiuily was eicclcd. and lor t'iulity years afterwaiJs, 

it comprised all, and even morii tiian is Avitiiin die \m;- 

.sent bounds ol" Northanvpton, L(dii£.di,Mo]iroe, ]*ike an i 

(Carbon counties. It was sullirient, as to extent ol" lerri- 

( lory, to l\niu a ''I/c/v/'/ic licjxtblic.'''' 

After repeated elluits to eicel a now county out of 

' (he 

; the 

I 

north })art of liurk-j, the mhabitants of tliat part oi 

county succeeded. i\(»u(3 was more active in etf have 

reimburse him the said cx])enses: whereupon tliey took 

the same into consideiation, and agreed to allow hirn 

and ordered the Clerk to draw an order on the 

Treasurer for that sum. \\\ order was drawn." 

Uy virtue of the lollowiiig act of Assembly, passeu 

March 11th, 175'.i, th- coiuily of Nortliampton wâs 

erected : 

/ " JVhereas, a great nnmber of the iidiabitants of the 

I 

parts of the eounty of Bucks, by their petition, 

hereby represertred to the Governor anil the Assembly 

of tins province. d!.G .ir;al luird.ships they lay nnder. 

by being so remote frum tlii3 i)resent seat of judicature, 

\ and the public oHicii-] ; fliat the necessary means to 1") 

used for obtainii.^g justice is attended with so mucii diiTi- 

cult>. ..u.l cx])cnse, that many forego their right, rather

20 iiv or NoarriAMi'TON coi.n;- 

ihaii ;i tii'iiij'i ihe l\'^^l\'v\^y of it uiuItT sudi (iiTWui.-Jci.i es; 

while, othrj';, .sfiisihlc of tlu'se (liliiciillii-.s, cwMiai 'jreat 

villair.irs wiili iiiiiMiiiiiy. For irmt'tlyiiii,' \\ii;'iv(,: -.-hci 

lor til.. I'diu' ot' lilt' iiilialdlatils, /,V // viuivicU Nv the 

lion. Ji!ii:r:: 1 1(unill(j/u Liciil. ( nivenior, uiiiicr tin' ili r. 

. 

T/io.hHis rrjtii ami liic/iiircl I'fnn, tria' iiJ s:''''':H't 

propri'Mai:^- nf iht: i)i()\ inc.' di' |*ciiii.syl\ an', i Mid .n' the 

COtll.li.'N 111' New (';i^tl(', Kelil ami Siis.scx. iij,.ii! I'l la^ 

wart/.. i'V - a I \'-illi ill'.' advice and colis.iii (.[ !!..; ;, ve- 

.',cntaii\'.j:;i o; llic irci.'uicii ol'lhc said |a.)\im ., iii jjcic, v^l 

a,s.s.;nilily iml, and li\- the aiiduM-|iy li d -a, j 

draav, ! ill lavoi .)] Iiicoli IJachinaii Idr X'i, lur ea.e ;;-

ni.-5T(V,;Y (• N )li I'll AMP ro\ COUN'l'V, If t 

I'tMil of liis lioii-' ill L.istuii, I'oi- lioliliiig- the courts an,i 

clciUidllS." 

Tlic first coiiil M';i^ tiekl the 1 (Jtli of .Illlie, 1755. Son; . 

I 

I 

! 

oxtnuis of the |)i' •..•er(liiu;.-> .ire ui\fii; 

-At II eouri ui our l.onl ilie Kin--, held ;it Eastori fo. 

i iJlo eon lily ^^( yloii, ihe 1 olh day of .Iiine, in Ih.. 

I 'Mh year of c-.r S.i\-crfi_;u Lonl, fJeorue II, hy Ih., 

' 

. ftlfeiiees, 

(imeti'of fu)(l, Ivwia Mi Crcal Britain, France, Irclaiiif 

&(•., A. I). IT.V, I, i;,!'. 'fill. lice. Craiii', Timothy ITorM - 

field, lii.oh A\'i!-i'e, J.Mi.'s Martin, ami ^Vlliialn Trai-, 

Jiislic ,^ (;[' 11 our ] ,'Mih',;i' luiiiu, ll'f 1 'ace in th(.' said ciMU.- 

iy lo k/jep, as alsii (livi i:.-. Irlonies, Irespassrs ainl e)Ui(. ' 

in said coiiiiiy i'(/niniiUed, t(j hear and dett.-i- 

mine, assiiiaied ijy eiMraiii.^sioii, datt'd the *jlh day oi' J nii" 

175','. 

'•JuiK^ It;, 175',\ Tae. is Ciordon having \»rosented him- 

«L'If (o iht; eiMirl Ihal he \\'as adinilted an atlornt'y lo 

piaedce law in Phjlaii.'l|>hia and Buelcs, was, iijion hi-. 

jirayer, adinilted an aiMiiiry lo practice in the eoiirls oi 

Norihani|)lon. 

'• A (h'aiedil, and r.'Kon ol' ITeidflhrr- to\vnshi|), undn 

llio haiul of J)aMd Srhull./, was allowed and orderc-d l'« 

be minuted. 

'•Tlie pelition oi [i in mhcr of the inhaliitants settled 

oil the hack- parts o( Mifco/tj/t', praying that they mii:lil 

1)13 formed into a lownblnp, was adlowed, and Mr. Scull 

fciirveyor of liie cmnily, to run out the same. 

" The several ])i'Ulion . of Adam Tei'ts, ('hristiau Hay 

iuaker, VViiliam t'raig, William Anderson, lâul Miller, 

l*;iul l'\dlyard, (Jkriliol) ]%lias Painter, George Zewitz, 

Henry llillmaii, Oeorue ('Icam, David Cleery, David 

Owen, Ciiristo[)lier ^Vali)er,.J{dm Lighton, George Good, 

and John Leiever, I'oi iecommeiidalioiis to Ins Ifoiioi, 

the Governor, for lici'i"-,; to la'.j) jaihlic houses, ^\'err al- 

and ihos.. :>[ Vad.aiiKd \ornon, and John Alkin 

lowed •, 

bon, were rejected. 

"Upon (he pniiKa, of di\ rrs inhahitants of Lowei 

Siuithlield lowed i,., ,his,j,li Sti.lywas appointed ecei 

itahle nf the s.aei i'.\' nsln[* -the former constable beiii!.: 

dead.

22 Hi- '('RV OF NOKTIIAMPTON COUNTY y 

I 

"Till i.^lJr.v.inp; constables made default in ihju -i 

pearauce, viz ; the constables of Upper Slaiifon, xMrH| 

onjie, Heidelberg, Durham, Bethlehem, Uppoi îi;",5, 

field, adjacent to Heidelberg, Upper INlilford, Allenui 

adjacciJ 

gell, Lynlbrd ai Piketon, Forks of J)ela\vare ; 

of Allcuiov/it ; adjacent to U\)per Smiitdield. !-'"'•• ^ 

SmithliuUi. :'w;/e—the constable of Durham 1''.;' « 

i . ! i 

county." 

"At ,1 CovUt of Record of om- Lord the Kin j, i;. 1m 

^ 

Easton, foi- \\\r county of Northampton, the .M A.'y .| 

October, in il'.o Litiih year of our Sovereign Lii.'l t.b\ . 

| 

II, by tiic Grace of (Jod, King of Great liritai'u r.ai::5 

Ireland, Lc, A. D. 175.2, fjefore Thomas Cr;.'.-; D; 1 

:| 

Hroadhr;ad, Hugh Wilson, James Martin, Aai )i: iLi f 

and Joliii V(M.;tta, llsips., of our Loul the iCi.'u. ,iii 

peace hi said connly to 

June 9, 1752. 

keep, &.c., by commis^/'M, tiai Jt 

"The Court Ijeing opened, the Sherift', on-: b; •: 

| 

Hart, Esq., relurned the ]irece])t to him directed, aud :I5 

following pervious were qualified to serve on lb.. Cin^ 

Inquest 

: 

" Samuel De})ui, Foreman, James Rawlstoii, \\ ilii > 

Casselberry, Ivohert Gregg, Robert Lile, LawiciC: I'd.' 

kell, A lexand(M- Miller, Michael Moore, Gan\(l liilr 

Charles Broadhcad, Janu's Horner, John Atkin'MU. Jt-i 

McFarring, David Owen, Nathaniel Vernon. 

| 

'"•Note—Isaac VaiK-ampen, Benjamin ShoennkLr, JoiiJ 

Walker, John Cowken, summoned to serve on ibe Gim'^^ 

IiKjuest, made default in their appearance. 

| 

"The following iiersons were made Su])ervis..;-s, vi/.S 

" Isaac Telb and Christian Crall, for U])pt;r MilfoiViS 

James (;ooker and Philip Schlauge, for Lowi t ;iancnn^ 

Conrad Hess and Philip Podewalder, \'oi \V inr.'nlou. % 

" The tbllo wing, ccjiistables, viz: h 

"Thomas Clarke, f »r the Foiivs of Dela waiv ; ( Iiiijiu'*| 

Newcomer, for Upper Saucon ; Jose[)h Olbcii. lur Ma^ 

cuiijie ; IvjichaeJ lloifman,lbr Egy})ta ; Connni Hli'.-.^^;, i^-^^ 

Heidelberg; Adam Schuler, tor Upper Milfoi.l; iâviM 

BcUmair for Alleiuengell; Samuel lk)Ui;li(r, jb- [.uwiW^ 

Saucun : Mk-huel Shoemaker, for Williainti. n -. J;i;iic|f 

'n

I 

' Rawlston, 

HISTUKy' 01' NOUTIIA.MPTON COUNTY. 23 

Perry, for Betlili;hem; James Craig, for Allentown 

Pliilii) Trom, ndjaceut to Allentown; Adam Plank, lor 

Sali^])tiry; Johamies Vcnotta, for Upper Smithtield.. 

Joseph Seely was apjaiintcd in Jime term, constable for 

flower Smillificiil. 

"The Sheriir-tatod dial Ivol)crt Gregg, Peter Traxle/. 

and ]}enjamin Sliceiiudêr were chosen commissioner:'; 

(hat Fredi-rick Sciiil, George Custard, John Holder, JanitJ 

Jnh)t Walker and Joseph Everharl were elect- 

i ed ass«.'ss(jrs, 

1 "The 

|>etitir,u of' divers persons, inhabitants of a tra-i 

of land eight miies loig by three miles broad, bovimh 1 

oil one side by the AVest Ih'anch of Delaware, and on 

I 

^ the other side by the ; speclive townships of Upper San- 

I 

I 

: (hat 

; liigh, 

con, Upper Milfurd, IMacnnjie and Whitehall, })raying 

(hat the same may be Ldd (jiil in a township to be called 

Sulishurg, was allowed." 

At the time NortliaiK])ton wîs erected, it embraced all 

is now coiuj)riseii with the counties of Monroe, Piki, 

Wayne, Susquehanna, Wyoming, Luzerne, Carbon, f .eand 

a jiortion ul' St.-luiylkiil ; Init it was gradualf/ 

rcdured, as will a]>pear in the sequel, by erecting oiluî 

fcounties out of i(. The following townships were organ- 

ized in Northampton county, prior to 1763, viz : 

Whitehall, Lynn, Tfeidelberg, Weissenberg, Lowci 

Saucon, jVIount iiethel. Forks, Williamstown, Salisbmy, 

Upper Milford, Low Kill, JNIacunjie, Allen, Plaihfiek'k 

Kaston, Jêhigh, Up[)er Saucon, Lower Smithfield, Up 

per Smithiielil, Towaniinsing, Moore, Uethlehem, Chesinuthill, 

Ifamilton, Northampton, Delaware, Penn. 

The following mills liad been built before the countywas 

erecteil—SchuUz' mill, Uropi's, Samuel Depui's, 

Wilson's, Tnicfrer's, INLiyer's, Friedenthal's, Georiô 

SeAvitz', Fredurii;],; I: r\s, John Jones'. 

;

CllArTEPv YT. 

PKEBEN'l' IJ.MITS, &c. OF THE COU.\Ti . 

'Viw. liniils of Nailham])l()n coiuity won- îiul.t ll 

I'cdui-',! Iiy- an ad iJa;ised Maivli :2l, 177 J, A( r/ '. 

/jrr/(/j/tl C(H!iiiy Avas la-ectcd out ol' i)arts oT i;:c rori,!!of 

l.;,)ir-slia-„ Cuiiiliia-laiid, lUnlloni, Hri-ks, ;mi>1 Aw.-'^ 

iiinplt};: ; e.r.il l>y rrci-tiiit,^ H'dijin' (•(niiily, a( (-.,h.i.: { 

"^ 

act of Assriiihly, Marcli 21.sr,' 17MvS, Nurllui.uj Ion 1,^ 

more than li.ilf of ils Iccriliny " loji/ivd oJJV Vi.' :. , o 

1798r(.(|uii-. '! thai, -all lhat});ii1 of Noiliiaiu]:! m c ;,:•.) 

lying l(j iIr' !) )rlli\v:ir(l of a line; 1(» In! (IraM'ii. ami !/• 'i 

ning at the v/ust (-mkI of (.leorgc .Mi(;!iarl's. j:: /iii < il- 

river Delawii'e, in Middh; Snnllilicid lown.->lii|!, aiil i 

thence a sli;i!.dit hiif to the nionlh of i''roiiU-r'i 1, .m '.1 

Lehigh, atli(n!iini! Jaizern connly.'" 

In eieclin',; >SV//^?///A\7/ conntv, accord iu'.'^ i ; ;, . 

. 

^ v, 

])as.scil Ahuvl, 1st, IMI, Willian'i Piainaiid Ji'iii {•, :4 

.ships, ot' Norihanipton county, Ma ic ^cjiaratca ii'jni \'.i\\ 

county, and iccludod witliin ihe hoinids o|' Si/iMiyllcill ] 

Like the i'acin of a Uoman patriot, L\(n-lhan.;4(.!:. ii :| 

to surrender tciaitory ior an euUro' county- -/.;'.•,,._ ':j 

which Acas s,|);ii'atcd iVoui I's'oi lhani])ton hy iiU a( ! 

Asseinhly ])aNS(.'d AhLudi Lilh, Ksl',*. In lS:J(i, .a-t. j'.'d!.>.| 

to an act pai:-i\l in Ai>ril ot' that yeaj-, aiiodn r poil!^.;^ 

was taken iVo.a it t > form iHonroc. county. /\r'd a''^^ 

anotlier considi:!ra1)l(3 portion was scjjarated in I s J S— •nlh 

that i)orlion of Ntnihanipton which lies north ;-l'lii(.' I'.'cj 

niotiutain," was taken to forni pait of Curhoii vi\\\\[\r 

Its ])C(^senl uirea is idiont 7///re 

| 

hundred and ycrc:tl'\ 

square /yi/Zt;-—conlaining rising of 2J0,0()() acre • oi"l;i. •! 

Tiie count/, as at present reduced, is hounds d on iki 

iiorlli hy Carhon and Monroe ; east hy liie nver lal 

ware, separating iUVom New Jersey ; south l-y ij.."i 

aniLwest hy Lehigh county. Its ]io|)ulalr..( ':\ee,:ds 

35,000, Tiiecouiiiy is divided into Ihe followaue inw 

:'

\ very 

I al)onl 

\ These 

. iâp. 

HisTonv or noh ihampton county. 25 

ships: Allen, Eoililclirvii, liu^likill, Forks, Hanover, Lcliii:h, 

Lower Moim; 15-ilu'i, Lower i\azarelli, JMooru, 

PhinfieM, Saiicoi!; \]\)[ai- Mount Ik'tliel, Upper Naza- 

ixlh, WiliianLs,two honrjoli.^, l-lasti)!! and Sontii IâsLon. 

Tlieeoun1y,as no\v^ inrnted, i.-. entir(dy within ilie raimi^ 

sfiulh of 111'- !5liic i>,:,i|p|. in, .snuic times eallrd Killtil'tii' 

nij—oriiînally eaiird \.\ llit; {\vA\[\\\ 

Tiieso are nearly all sm i-es:Mui I'a.rmers. Mills of ever_\ 

descrijition are alnuukn.t and eonveni(Mit.'* 

To return to the Ga| , 

in the Littatmny mountain: 

The ././///(• Cop, or - D.'i Kh'inc Kufl ,'' or Smith': 

Tia)., is ])et\veen the L iii-h ^Va,ter Gap and the Win.i 

Cap. 

Die JViiid KuJ'Lo\- 

i\\i'. tnml (lu/), is a deiM-ession 

notch, or opening m da' liiue iJioumaiii, wdiich is veiy 

abrupt, and OYleiais Ir.au the toj) ne;irly to the hotton. 

of the mountain. l\o sire: m i)asses throujdn \ai'K)C. 

• l'\)r ;i deschplici ji ilu; s .11, o:i' , 

soc 

llic dc.-,rriiitiou ol" iJic tM". • .1

26 ItlSi'OuV OF NORTHAMPTON COUNTY. 

have bcMi ilie conjectures toncliiiig the caus.: ot' ihj 

nolcli. '^J'he roiijcctme most ])revaleiit as to I'l- (n-igr"! 

of tlie Kiijh'i.^ tlmt it. was caused Ijy the Delaw.'H' iiv':!:| 

where, as is Niijjposed, it formed a hdce behind iht; mouii-^ 

tain, ai:d may have opened a passage at the notch :;f^ 

gap. Tlioso mriiUaining this view, theorize thus : "'r!i!;|l 

at some lime, amcu'ior to the Delaware river ha\ i.ig hiira^| 

its way, where it now runs, there may have been sc>\v *'^ 

slight dcprcssioii al the Wind Oaj), and subsp(ii::l a Ink , many feet higher than ii. w. s in day/. 

of yore, and l.his water may have been diseli;ir,M.'d, fithe 

ice yiehU: I, and siilfered the river oiicl' ii.nre, ;j.,J:; 

ever since, to pass," Tins is, however, meie ilicory. \} 

The Wind da}* is filuên miles above the JJelawai, 

Water Gap. 

I'lie mountra.i is here de})ressed nearly as low as d,;'country 

v\\. each side, for a ga}) of iteculiar convenir'no:- 

_ 

for the passage of travidlers and teams, and triwarf.l?'' 

which tiie leading roads cunverge and ])ass thriiiLih in" 

one great thuruighlure. 'fhe turnpike road pa.b.,:$« 

through he]-e. 

In the year 177 1, Simon Heller, 

Hartzall, Adam lliihha', Abraham 

Casper Dull 

Labor, an I 

Joi:.., 

.Vdam 

Joke, weie a[

; HISTORY 

Oi-' i\ ..ilT'ilAMl'TON COUNTY. 2/ 

the two mountains ai tli^. base, one tliovisand loct ; and 

at liie summit, two tiion.sand Icet ; llic wiioU; distance 

ihrough the mountain is about two nnlcb. In mailing 

ail estimate of tlie cmt-unt of /natter tbrownuiit by tbu 

passing of tbo Di'la.wai;, if only one mile in length is 

iak'cn into tlie account, would tliun give Ibe enormous 

amount of cubic icot to bo 12,(J7^,00(J,000, a sulHciency 

of matter to cover a townsliip uf five miles s(|Luue, or 

twenty-five sciuare njil's, til'tfun feet in depth ! 

Well might it be sai'l. "Ifere has been a convulsion 

ihat mubt have shfikcn i/c- cmth to the very center, and 

the elements to gh-c aiiru^ llmt alt ivas lost.'' "]hu 

//t' who governs tlie world and has all things at His 

command 

— 

He wl.o boLls the glob(j by the might of bis 

jiower, can removi; (be laountainslrom their loiindations 

and bury tliem in the d< ;:[), and ilu; great machinery of 

the universe continue to move, and lose non(M)f its func- 

tions." 

Various arc the conjectures as to the formative cause 

of thi;se Gaps in the nioimtain. " It would seem," say.s 

n certain writer, iu speaking of diis (lap, "fiuin the cpian- 

tity of alluvial lands al).\e die luuunlain, tbal, at smiie 

remote jieriod, a dam oi great height liere obstrncted tlio 

jirogress of the J)elawaii,'. If it had been as liigli,or half 

as high as tlie mountain, it wonld have raised the water 

that it might have run into the Nortli River. It jirobalily 

had an elevation of 150 or 200 feet, forming a lake ol 

more than iii"ty miles in length, covering the Meenesink 

settlements. This heiuiit must have formed cataracts 

similar, the (pianiity of water excepted, to that ol' Ni- 

agara. 

'•' 

It has been conjectured, that this d;im was engulled 

by some great convulsion of the earth : and tlie JbllowitiL; 

reasons have been assi.nied iVtr this o))iin()n : 'bbe distiuice 

through the mountaiii is abont two miles, wiibio 

which the river has an average width ol'half a mile, and 

the water is as still as a mili-i)ond, so that a ratt will bi 

driven by the iiVipr.is;^ of lib- wind up or dmrn ; and tli. 

boatmen rep(;rt ib it a. /tujidreit and ten ye'ars ai;o, ii 

bottw.t' could be foimd Vv'iih their lun>.êst line.

28 lirn-urv or xou'riiAMPTox corx'jT. 

" Ifarl ilio iiioi;iitain IxH'ii worn 1)y alirasion, Midi ;; 

yiiir v/oiilii i!i»t lia\'c ('\isicd, and tin; hottoijiol' ilic nvcr \ 

Aere wouij ha', c i:oiisi.sK'd oT the tianu: material vvhi:-!! 

ibrnis the .sulo (>[ the pass ; but the bottom is o[' aibivi;,! 

umd,and I'r.c imr-j.jds di ihe mountain is ofa hard islamic, ' 

pccidiar t'l die jdaee. ll is also well knuni.jiL (.; th-' albivJDii carried down the strcaiu i.i;;./. 

havL- been d^ p.-- anl m Ihis irult'. Supi)osinû- di.- 'i.nr (u , 

iiave suiil: owo. lle.usecnd y(,>ars ago, and two jrct oi' e:i'll: 

])er aummi to have- b^•^;n duis dfjôsittid, ;jOOO ft-, i n;ir-:; 

thus hava.: been b.apad updii ibu ori;;inal dam, snii,:ns,;-.| \ 

lo liav(; be.jii oiir hundr;,'d and lll'ly or two Inmd!. d ie< i 

hi-h." ; 

, 

a 

All ai-e agreinl thai it was owing to som(>gi'i'ai , ns;-, 

mighty dislmbanec of t'lcmenls, whieh 

^^ 

' 

; wroe il:! ;, 

diange in die euiicnt, as wfll aslhe strata ofror!.. ]' >- f' 

lessor Jloia is mania ins, while some hold sonu' \ a-i !aU.: 

\' 

had bursi its bameis, thai by some, miehly ((>nv'!i ioii. 

whifdi produvcd iians\'cis.:dislocaii(in in dn- Appa! . 

y 

!nai. / 

e-Jjanue, may have eaused ibis J'oiit, or chasm. ,. 

Spealdng ol' this gi'eat eonvailsion, he says: '-Th') -. 

numerou.s aaps aM«l breals in the line ol'tlie J^liu,' uu,l\t\- 

* 

iain,or ICiiiaiinn;/, exhilais, very generally, a corri :p',)od 

' '^ 

in^- law. 

"Hiis is shown hy die irieasurements at the \. id^.. ^v 

Gap ol'tih; Sus.jii.'hanna above llarj-isbirrg, and r-. ma!:i % 

test to the eye in die bold jiu/c/i called the JJûi^r Gir,. \ 

ijf the iJclituHirc when; ihe'Slrata rhatrise inl

; l\ TH \M PTON CO UKT V. 

SO iiiaiiyoi'uiii liighijiotiuiahiritlgcsto ihuir very bases."* 

Both theories, ixiid the ilieory o'L a gradual abr(ii,icra, 

may be sa))portcd by S(/iue plausible I'acts. However, 

may it not be that •' tliuse stufjeiidous steeps were Greeted 

lur the sole purj)Osc ol" nmii's observation ; tiiat lie nhghi 

he impressed wilTi a ]ii!ipor train ot' retieetioirs iipuij the 

power and dignity oi Lis Maker—of the inleriorily ol' 

man, and tlie instrd/ilhy •>{ human things? Jkit, what 

.aused the openi:;/ li' \\\c niiiniitaans, whether by oui) 

mighty exiilosioU; ci i.y laadually wearing down to the 

present l.ied ut the Jive'-.i • a suiij'ct t

30 lH-3.,:»ur OF NOU'rilAMPTON COUNTY 

Diitcli it Wcis

Cd APT Ell VII. 

EAST(J\', LAivLY JIlsTOJiY OF, &c. 

EA.sTt)X, the seal of ji^ticc, it siipoars, was laid outliy 

Hugh W'il.soii, ol' .Vllo.i to^\'llshi]), and Col. JMartiu, o[ 

Mount Uctlicl, cciiiMiv'.i.iiicr.s, and William Parsons, surveyor, 

ahout the yiar 17;!7 i*r ',JS. 'I'lic Moraviansliad 

a Brother liouse here al an cajly ]icriod—a large edifice 

of stone—it is now one of the oldest huildings iu the 

})lace, forming a part of Mi. ,lohn Jiachman's liotel. Tla 

town did not imiaov'e lapidly till after 1752, when it 

became the seat of jnsti.o ol'tlie ncic counh/. 

It was a fovorite })la> between the years 1755 and 

17G2, for holding treaties \\n\.\\ the Indians. These trea- 

ties wtn'e usually attendud with nn.ieh pomp and ceremony. 

The limits of diis work i)reehi(U; uiving all the 

treaties al length. On.', ^vdlllh it is belicv'od a\i11 be 

read with interest, is inserted at length. 

Council held at Easton, Saturday the 24tli July, 175fj. 

Frcse/U—The lion. K. H. iMorris, Lieut. Gov. of Pa.; 

William Logan, Iknj. Chew, Richard Peters, John Mil- 

llin, Escjrs. 

Three members of the council were sent with a string 

of wampum to the Delaware King, to ac(|uaint him thai 

the governor was come, and, by them, bid him and jjis 

company welcome among tjic inhabitants, and assure 

liim tliat, as the Indians were come on the invitation 

of the governor, their persons should not be hm-t ; he 

would alford them ])i\)lection, and charge his people to 

treat them with kindness. 'I'bat to-morrow being Sunday, 

no business could ho dune, but on Monday mornhig 

the governor woiikl hold a .'.(juncil, sentl for them, and 

begin the confereii'je. Th'. string was given to New-

33 iIT::JOi;\- OF NOKTHAMPTON COUSTV 

c.^sth lirsi, :;s i-iie of the Six Nations, to be -nv.-r , 

I i 

'- 

| 

' 

Xing. 

The i.iembcs, beiuL^ i-f'tnrncd from ^lVedyuso;ii;- I 

lormed ill- govern. ,r, i|j;,t when th(jy filteni'j-l(;a t

HlsrOilV ,1 Nil!, i HAMPTON COUNTV. A.] 

Miicerity slioiiUl niirinl iVv iv thing lie spokt! t)ii tlie prc- 

.yjiit oci.Msiuii, Mil i tilt; Li'iiv'ri'nm' made llie stuiio profc'^- 

îons. ThiMi liu; cioVL'tiA-r lokl liim Mr. Wciscr, \vhi, 

lA'a.s one of Iho Si\ N;iim>iis, and Provincial intcrprctn., 

not being yet com/, In; was oliligcd to pnt oil' lIu; coiik-RMicc 

till liis aii'i.;.!; (I wliicli the King a[i|»r(nTd, and 

ilic Uovui-uor in\, i! .i ] ::'i(o dlna with hini. 

i:.;;l(.i;,. \V

n I 

laV OP NORTHAMPTON COL/N'J'V. 

Ainerioaii Roûnent,aii(l of the Provincial foicr.-, kun.; | 

trates aid fi';L-liold('rs of tins and the nei^dibdiiiiu j?iv.| 

vmce, and about thirty citizens of Pliiladelijliia. ^ ' 

i 

The governor acquainted the Indians thai ht; .\> i 

going t(. spoalc, and desired them to he attentivL. i 

Brorlia — IJy a helt, which I sent by jN'tv/ea:,, 

| 

and tlie olh sui,.,: p:i,' 

,| 

the messages i sent last by liim, I expect to nc-i. : if,-, f 

by you. I h,;|)e you come prepared to sjjcak to n-, „ ] 

cendy and openly, and desire you may do sd. » 

. i .?//•//,. 

To which Teedyuscimg inmiediately answ.-j. d . L;i

1822004 

Uf1/1KAM1''I'0N COUNTS'. 

with you, aiul wli;u i (huhey will all confirm—tlie liuih 

ol'this, you will scrni Iulv;; luade evident to you. 

Brother— Hearken to v:hia 1 ain going to say ; 1 (le of Initi;:i.s, ti'cre luivx^ been such [)retender.v, 

who have held tr.\;i;es, sometimes public and sometinu'- 

in the bushes ; souK^times what those people did, came ui 

be known, but frequently it remaint^d in darkness, oi a; 

least no more was iinpariud ca published thrmthey wer( 

pleased to publish; to some they field up their belts, bm 

others never saw them. 'J'his bred among the Indian.s 

great heart-burnings and quarrels, and 1 can assure yoi. 

that the present clouds d« in a great measure owe ttieir 

rise to this wild and irregular way of doing business. 

The Indians, sensible of iliis mistake of our ancestors, ai( 

now determined to put an end to this multitude of kings 

and to this dark way ot" proceedings ; they have agreed 

to put the management oi' tluir atlairs into the hands u' 

a very lew, and these -hall no longer have it in tlu-ir 

power to huddle up and give partial representations i»' 

what is done. I assure you that tiiere are only twc 

kings a})pointed to transact public business, of which f 

am one ; for the future, matters will go better on both 

.sides ; 

you, as well as we, will know with whom we havt 

to deal. We must beseech the most High to scatter the 

clouds which have arisen oetween us, that we settle peaci: 

as heretofore. */! string. 

Jkother—The Englisli, and }tarticidarly the Gover- 

nor of Pennsylvania, you know, have invited me liere ; 

1 came, therefore, and rny uncles, the Six Nations, wili 

«;onfirm what 1 say. In your messages to the Indian.s 

at Diahoga, you signified to us that you heard we wen- 

in want and distress, whi;.h, to be .sure, we were; an< 

pitied us and our po'iv wive., and cliildren ; we took u 

Idndlyand as a \'.'.'>u\ that came from your heart; now i.the 

time for you to louk abom and act the part of a chan 

table ..•.,.'. .vise na.n ; be tho:eIbrc strong. Be as;,sured tliui 

,^:'ni

": 4

;]() liJ-;'i-i;v 01' KOKTil A.Ml'roN COL'NIV. i 

uillioilji: I Mill |i'i(ii', I wilicii) my share; wliab i . ..,. . 

| 

i)c>s yon lio It' 111'' oi- my pooiilc, .sIkiII lie |hi:.1i i,'',! 

| 

i 

i 

ilic Tel, >;alie!!Sj We ^Vcjllt hide any |)l-e,senl.s ..: 

no\r in dn' ])>[ inaniier you ean, and you \\d|,t,;. j 

V>ui-.n;;. 

ni'odser— I'ee (' on* Insion of niy words is no ive ', . 

. 'diis: th'- ju.ue r io hand is ol' l.io ureal nionne, i^. 'i 

man. I atn unt a ini'SNeniicr iVoin the tnnle(i ''.'aii , 

. ,< 

though I ail , . a ( liii I'mali ainnii- till' D.dau ai- , [ ,. 'j 

now heal- v\i'U ;on liavo to 'ây !o ni\ ['^^ !• î '.1,-4 

conned lie.', ii' n l.( Vih-d, 1 shall lay hold of u . mo..', 1 

ii to til • 

nnn> 

d .NaiioMS. \/\u) will smile and ii'- nl ,;' 

to h(,ar lin.id ;i\\-~;; if what yoii say Ihj disa;j . e".ii,'i:', ij 

will nulunth-emdin- keep ii close Mlien; he e|,,.> ' j 

Ii.-,!) and dehv. r il laiddnlly to the mnled .\aii..cis. ,.• 

let (hem, as il[e\' er( m\' snjienois. do a> dii.'\ • 

' 

| 

j 

.^ 

' Wr'.l 

ISene: a-d.e . if he had (K-lie speakni-, he >;:ld he i, s^ 

loi' the (vi'esei i. The jiiain ihinu. he added, is ,< 1 ie rA 

hreast, l.iyin- his hand to his heart ; hilt lliis ^vdl lii'j. , J 

OH wdiai woi'ds the I iovernor will sjjeak to ns. Te; ,i h • 

jieated iIk; |). law, ire woidi // 7;/.v//,v/^//,',S'//, the sa e ;e i,i M 

, 

; 

liawd-v. hoeiiia e as ,/{"_rii-, with LTeal t'arne>lne^ ,- m'! ., 

very ]>ade'iie ione. 

, 

Mr. ^Veiser, Avho knew ii. ^'.'eel '.4 

have .( vei'y e\ieii>i\e and idreihli.' si-nse, desee [}

in->TOUV VV MU'jMlAM I'TON (JOUN'l'y. IJ / 

liiiô you have iiUfic \v ii>; iii |)ai'tu;ular, d.> nut piiicli 

lualtfi's lieilliur \\-'\\\y ii.^ in,- lahfr liuliaii.-^; \vl' help you : 

hul \vi'. ai'c j)Oor an I yi.u ai-.; rich ; uuike Ub .-^troiiLr, and 

\vc \v\\\ i:->c our •.>li-et..gih lor you; and besid(;s this, wJiar 

you ilo, do i{ui(;I;!}-; il:^: linii/s ar(' (iaiai;t'ro\is—diey will 

I'lul a(hiiil of delay, U'iiJishUriij ; do it ellcetual!y, aial 

till it Willi all j>os;:iia- d( -i)a[rh. 

: 

Tiiu (.o\'ei'n. J' dill ,-:j)()ia- . 

Hrother— J hav.- iicidwilli ailentuui all you havr 

I 

i;;uil, 1 thank you I'-', tii 'ji' iin.s.^ v, it!) uhirli \'ou ha\c 

I liei.'iand 

j iin])onanee 

\peiih ^sill I'onlain malleis el 

qreat moment. 

I)y this slriuif ot' wanijium, tlicKd'ore, 1 open )'oitr ears 

that y«'U may give a ])io|)er attention. Î ^trhii^. 

Hrothiu-—Tlic inliahitants ol" this proviuee have ever 

been a jicaeeahle peopl >, cUid remarkahle lor their lo\c. 

and conslaiil I'rieudship to the Six Nations, and other Indians 

in alliance with them. ^\ hen our Lack inliahitaiits 

were attacked la.si fall, we at Jirst were at a loss ironr 

whence tlic blow eame, and W( re much sur[)rised when 

we were intdnned that it v/as given by oui' (dd friends 

and neighliors, the cousins of our brethren, the Six Nations. 

ANê wondered at it, and tlie more so as wc had 

not, to our jvuowli'dgc, given them any just cause of 

olfence. As soon is v.ê knew this, we sent to the Si.\ 

Nations, and infoimcd ihem of it, and desired to know, 

whether this blo^\' Irn] ',;ec;i. struck by their direction, oi 

with llu.'ir j>ri\'iiy or consent; and on receiving assii 

runiês from them IIku it u'as not done by their consem 

and !! : they greatly ilisa|tproved such conduct, w..

38 IHSTORY OF NORTHAMPTON COUNTY. 

made reivdy lo revenge the injury we had received, in.i 

we wanted neidier men, arms, annnunition or sirongtii l' 

do it, and to vake vengeance for the h)jury done us ; vei 

when we had the hatchet in our hands, and av ore' pispared, 

iioi only to defend ourselves, but to carry ]\\ 

war into the country of those wlio had struck ns, v, j 

sent again to the Six Nations, agreeably to the Iroatvs 

subsistnig between us, to acquaint them of our im, i,- 

lions. Tlicy lei us know they had held a great connt-il at 

Fort Johnson, on this matter, and that deputies froin 

thence were s nt to sunmion a ' 

meeting • 

of ilic D) 

wares and Siiuwanese, at Ostanigo, who were r-uinieu^ 

with an account that their nephews had, at tlnir intrr." 

position, laid down the hatchet, and would slrike ih/ 

English no mnve. The Six Nations having kccivo] 

these assuranc(,-s from the Delawares and Shawaiiese 

requested us not to execute our hostile purposes but to 

suspend hostil [lies, declaring that they would fully .t 

commodate tliis breach, and bring about a ])eace. Ai 

this request of die Six Nations, we kept our Avarriois at 

liome for guarding and protecting our frontiers. ] li -u 

sent Captain N.;wcastle and other Indian inesseii«'.-,s (u 

you, to notify ihe advices of the Six Nations, widu

HISTORY OF NORTHAMPTON COUNTY. S9 

^ people would come to council and renew former leagues, 

and do what is I'urtiier necessary on this occasion, I 

^ would bring somctliing with me to relieve your dis- 

^ tresses. 1 tiiought it right to go through this account 

in this particular manner, that you might know from 

I 

j 

; myself 

j. 

I 

what was the subject of the messages sent by 

Mewcastle, and what was the substance of the answers 

feceived by him ; and now I sui)])ose (as I do not see 

t!ie body of your Indians here) your people in general 

did not believe Newcastle, bat seiit you to know if he 

had my autliority lor the several matters delivered to you, 

and to hear them fn^m my own mouth. 1 do not bhune 

you for this caution. It bespeaks your care. The mat- 

ters he was charged \viih, being of the last concern for 

the satisfaction of all your people, whithersoever dis- 

persed, 1 do in this public assembly, in tiie name of tiie 

government and jieoplc id' this ])rovince, assure you, 

that Captain Newcastle acted by my authority, and in 

/confirmation of what I have said, and that what he de- 

livered was by authority from me, I give you this belt. 

,

40 Y OF NORTHAMPTON COUNTV, 

our liepai.s. I i cpciit this article of tlie prisoners a^ i 

oessary .'.oii

: but 

IIISTOKV Oi' NJUTHA.AIPTON COUNTY. 41 

Governor's words lantliy, and would in a lew words 

answer him. Then talciiiEr a large bc/t in his hand, he 

proceeded : 

Brother—At the very time Newcastle came with your 

last messages, I was in ireaty witli tlie Six Nations, and 

received this anthoi'iiy fjom them, (lifting up the helt.) 

This belt denotes ih.it tlie Six Nations, by their chiets, 

have lately renewed dioir covenant chains with us. Formerly 

we were accountf.:d women, and employed only nt 

but now they have made men of us, 

women's business ; 

and as such we ari' now eome to tliis treaty. Having tliis 

authority as a man io nj;d:e peace, I have it in my hands, 

have not opened h, but will soon declare it to tlu; 

other nations. This beh iiolds together nations—we are 

in the middle, between the French and the Engh^>h. Looh 

at it. There are but two ( hiels of the Ten Naticjiis. They 

i are now looking on, and ilieir attention is fixed to see 

are disposed really lor peuê. 'IMus belt further denotes 

. that whoever will not coKii)ly with the terms of peace^ 

the Ten Nations will join against him, and strike him. 

See the dangerous cin-nnistances I am in—strong men on 

l)oih sidles 

— 

L dine to ])eace, \^'ill 1 j(j!ii. 

— 

lialclicts oil lioth sides; Vi'hoevor does in- 

F Brother—This is a g.>od day; whoever will make 

t peace, let them lay hold of this belt, and the nations 

[ round shall see and know it. I desire to conduct myself 

^ 

according to your words, which I will perform to the- 

I tihnost t)f my i)ower. I wish tlie same good that posl 

sessed the good old m;.n, William Penn, wlio was a 

I 

ij province 

[ and am pleased with wlat has been said. It is all very 

i 

friend to the Indians, may nis}»ire the people of this 

at this time. 'IV/cii deUvtrcd the belt. 

The governor receive; i it. I take hold of this bell, 

Teedyuscung then explained tlie belt, saying it was 

fi sent by the Six NDti-.iiS; and he accepted it; you s(j(', 

If 

says he, a square iu ibo middle, meaning the lands of tin. 

Indians, and at one end the figure of a man, indicating 

\ the EuLdish, and at the oiiier end another, meaning tin: 

Fren- !, Our uiicies laid us dial both these coveled ovu 

^

'43 HISTORY OF NOKTHAMPTON COUNTY. 5. 

lands ; but let us join together to defend our lands againsi t .) 

both; you should be partakers with us of our lands ' 

.. 

and then the Governor went into particulars, relating to '^ 

Van Etten's letter. 

Tlie Governor said lie did not know what Indians liad .; 

done this misehirf ; it' the Indian who was killed, was , 

i 

our friend, he was sorry for it; but if our enemy, he [ , 

Wiis glad u( it. 

I 

I 

TeeilynsLungs lid, that when lie came here toceurici!, 'i 

all the Indians thereabouts knew of it, and therefore he | 

believed it must he the French Indians that killed our 

| 

people but that if his people were so foolish as to conifi 

; 

in our borders ai this time, and were killed anyhovp, i 

they must take the reward of their folly—none ol thosi! : 

private deaths ought to effect a public measure," nor . ; 

would this make any alterations in his councils. 

< 

Cr. ,' Easton, Friday, 30th July, 175(>. 

(Same persons present as before.) < ! 

The goods weje brought and placed on the ccuncii -^ 

table, and were delivered to the Indians—the Governor /' 

speaking as follows: 

Brother— I acipiainted you yesterday, that the pcoplu | 

of Pennsylvania had put into my hands a small [jresent Jr 

to relieve you, and your wives and children, from tlieir 

| 

present di;.trcsse5. I think it furthe/ necessary io inform 

you that a part of this present was given by the people 

\, 

h 

[ 

| 

. 

i 

'< 

.'

HISTORY OF NOmilAMPTON COUNTY. 4.J 

called Quakers, (wlio aic descendants of those who first 

came over to this country with your old friend William 

Penn,) as a particular tesiiniony of their regard and at- 

fection for the Indians, and their earnest desire to promote 

the good work of peace in which we are engaged. 

Brother—This is not only their sentiments, hut my 

own, and those of the people of this provhice, who will 

all rejoice to see this good work of peace perfected ; and 

therefore, as you liavc now received from us, this is a 

Bubstantial proof of o'li dispositions to relieve your dis- 

tresses; you will be hcii.;r enabled to encourage others 

to return to their friciid-lup wiih us. I say,'^brother, by 

this we give you a clear testimony of our readiness and 

good dispositions lor peate ; show you the same, readiness 

and comply with the tcnns I have proposed to yon. ^'l 

string. 

Teedyuscung returnci thanks, and repeated his assurances 

of doing all iii ins power to perfect a general 

peace with the Indians. From the council the Governor 

proceeded to an entertainment that was provided 

for the Indians; the odicors and all the comi)any then in 

town, accompanied him. 

Teedyuscung, whilst at dinner, was so well pleased 

with his reception and generous entertainment, tliat 

he declared, in the warmest manner, no endeavors of 

his should be wanting to bring over to peace all the Indians 

far and near, that he could speak or send to, and 

repeatedly desired the Governor would publisii what 

was done, through his and neighboring provinces, and 

lie would do the same at home. 

The Philadelj)hla Quakers, after dinner, came to take 

their leave of him—he jjarted with them in a very affectionate 

manner ; hut the other part of the comi)any 

staying, he entered into a free conversation with tlwj 

Governor, wherein he related many entertaining particulars 

respecting his jcuruoy to Niagoras, and afterwards 

made a council sp'êch, will; a struig of wami)um, saying 

: 

Ih-other—You are so good, and received us so kindly, 

I will dîO give you of some of that good tobacco that

'11 I1J-.T0UV -)!' NOIITIIAMPTOX CUUN'J'V. 

the Six N;iticiis put iiilo my pipe you shall siik !•:., 

; 

it yourfiC'l'/LS'— you will know it is good, and I will i,nvi; 

of the same tobacc/im 

; 

j

HISTORY OF >xOirrnAMP'l'0\ COUNTY. 4 5 

(loul)(^l about il, lie put ilu: same (juestion to Newcastle, 

who said the belt was .sent by the Six Nations to tho 

Delawaics, and as it wn.-; given by them to the Governor, 

it ought to be preserved among the council wampum, 

being a belt of great consc(|Ucnce, and it would 

1)6 well to return another a (atliom long, and at the delivery 

ol' it, which vuust be in council to-morrow, to make 

jiproper address to Te-dyiiscinig, that he would bo dilligcnt 

and carry it to all ihe n;ilions Avithin liis mtluencc. 

.Newcastle said fnillu'r, that 'I'ecdyuscung would want 

abundance of AViinrjiUiii, and it he had it not, the cause 

would suffer excee!iingly— h^'. hoped tlie council bag \vi\h 

full, and desired it migitt be t;mptied hito the la[) oi' 

Teedyuscung. 

Mr. Weiser concurrrug iu opinion, and saying that 

the French gave great quantities of wampmu to their 

hidians,andon matters of eonseqnenco these i)elts were 

several tathoms long, i;;id very wide. 'I'ho Secretary 

was ordered to bring all the wampum he had into council, 

viz: Fifteen strings and seven belts; a i>arcel of new 

black wampum, amouu'ing to seven tlunisand ; and having 

no new wdnte wânipum, nor any ])roper b(dt to give 

iu return for Teedyuscung's ])eace belt. 

A messenger was seiit to Hethlehem, and he returned 

witii five thousand ; ui)on which the Inchan w^)mcii 

were employed to mal;e a belt a fathom long and sixteen 

beads wide; in the centre of which was to be Iht 

tigure of a ]uan, meaning the Governor of Pennsylvania. 

and on eacli other side, five other figiu'cs, meaning the 

Ten Nations, mentioneu by Teedyuscung. 

The King who was very iri-egular in his visits, as well 

iis his disctuirses, bolted all of a sudden into the room, 

and with a high-toned voice spoke as follows, viz : 

', ]5rother-— I desire all thai I have said, and you liave 

said to one another, May be aright; some speak in the 

dark; do not let us do so ; let ;\ll be clear and known. 

What is the rea^.ji) ihc Govi.'iiior holds councils S(J cloî 

ni his hands, and by ciiidii' light ? The Five Nations 

used to let him sii oui of doors, like women; if the Fi\ > 

Natji wj still make him a woman, they must. Bui whii-.

4(i illSTORV OF NORTHAMPTON COUNTY. |" 

is the reason the Governor makes him a woman, (moan Ij 

ing why ho confers with Indians, without sending fo; f 

hhn to l)e present, and hear what passes.) The Gover- | 

nor answered, tliat lie held councils on a hill— ^lias m> f 

secrets—rjever sits in swamps, but speaks his rniud I 

openly to tlie world—what happens here, he has a riglii % 

to hear— the \uomen were sent for to make a belt, not I 

to council—the Six Nations may be wrong, they are not | 

under liis direction, and thereibre, he is not answerublo I 

tor their condncl, if diey have not treated the Delpwars.^ I 

as men. I 

'I'he Chief tlianked the Governor—seemed wel. \ 

pleased, and said, to-morrow he would speak more; i 

what lie had to say was from the Six Nations, ife thai | 

wont make peace, must die. ^rj siring'. v 

It was agreed in the morning, that the GmcriiOi f 

sliould deliver the new belt, then in making, to TcedV' 

uscung, with a proper speech; that by two belts lied toj 

; 

gether, Newcastle and Teedyuscung should ba iiuid.; 

joint agents for this government, and they be desired '.;; 

consuU togetheijlo love one another, and act for the 

best—that the ujw black wampum and all the fjlts di^^l 

strings should be given to Teedyuscung, and a privr.i- 

present made to him and his interpreter, 13en. Si 

Easton, Satuday, 31st day of July, ITjo, 

(Same })ersoiis present as before.) 'i 

The names of the Indians present, at the treaty. w

HISTORY or NOl\ru^\MPTON COUNTF. 47 

I coat on you, and cliarged you to be true to us, and lie 

{ with no other men but ; of late you have sutfered the 

' string that tied your pctn^-coat, to be cut loose by the 

French, and you lay widi them, and so become a com- 

I mon bawd, in which you did very wrong, and deserved 

chastisement ; but notwithstanding this, we will still esteem 

you; and as yoii have thrown ofl' the cover of youi' 

modesty, and become stark naked, which is a slianie for 

a woman, we now desire you, that you may be a complete 

man—we advise you not to act as a man yet, but 

be first instructed by us, and do as we bid you, and you 

will become a noted ma'i. 

Cousins—The Eughsn and French fight for our 

lands. Let us be strong and lay our hands to it, and 

defend it. In the mean lime we lend our eyes and ears 

to us, and the Knglish, our brethren, and yoit will Iivo 

as well as we do. 

Then the Governor sei. I to Newcastle and Teedyuscinig. 

The new belt not being finished, he exjilained 

the proposed figures to them, and desired the women 

might finish it on rainy days, or resting in their juurney, 

whicli was proiuised. 

Then the Governor spoke : 

Brothers Newcastle and Teedyuscmig—Set an high 

value upon this belt—it is the peace belt which TeedyuscMug 

delivered in council. I very cheerfully lay hold 

of it. I will lay it up willi tlie council belt, and declare it 

i to you, I am most heartily disjjosed to etTect the meaning 

of this belt—a speedy and honorable peace, and a return 

01 the otiices of love and friendship between the Indians 

and their brethren, the English. In return, I give you 

I tlie belt now making, which you will consider as finished, 

and when done, show n every Avhere, and make our 

dispositions, and the treatment you have met with, 

known to your own people, the Six Nations, and all 

your allies. 

Here the Governor g;i\o the new belt, as far as it was 

made, and all the wampum ])roposed for it, desiring, 

if it was not enough to comi'lote it, that they would add 

more.

^8 n.'STOitv or xoktiiampton couxty. f ' 

Then taldiig two bells, joined together in his hands, j 

and addrjessiiig Newcastle and Teedynscung, he declared 

them ageiiis for tiie province, and gave them authority I \ 

to do the jiiibli(i business togetlier. lie reconnnei)dei| ' 

. 

to them a mutual confidence, esteem and intimacy, am! I 

wished thcui success in iheir negociations. To v/hii^h i 

they answered, that they woidd be nuitual good tVii.'Lds. \ 

\ 

• 

and lay their hauls togetlier, and do every thing iu tlicir 

j 

power to j'iovnoi J tlie weighty matters entrustci.l to ibom. \ 

i 

] 

Teedynscung added. If tliis meeting should not 

' 

serve bin; in ovcry thing committed to liis charge, or ) I 

strings should l.c cn;(>ked, lie would return to l;s uijiI 

niakc them straight. What he says comes iVom his - 

heart, and not iVum bis lii)s. His heart and oius . 

bt/alj 

j^ 

^ '^ 

'' 

, 

be one, and b.- aire to une auuther; iur if' diilcrent 

; 

liquors arc; i>iil 'iit(3 a cask and shaken, they will mix ) 

and come; one. , 

I 

The (lov(;rnor said he had v/ritten down whai Teedyuscung 

liad said on the belt delivered by hii.i, ami 5 

will keep it in bis heart. It is very agi'eeable i.. Iiini j 

and the people cd' rennsylvania. He will lay ;;ii []w ] 

belt in the council clKunbi'r as a mark' ot' his 1ji

HISTORY 01 NOR J HAMPTON COUNTY. 49 

bells tied together, as a isign or symbol of that liarmony 

and iiiuuiiinity tliat ought to subsist between theui. 

Teedyusciing said, that he was pleased with being 

joined with Newcastle in ])ublic business ; that he hoped 

matters would be l)roiight to a hai)py issue ; that he 

wished there niiglii be a firm friendship and lasting 

union between tlu. Siy N;'.tions and the people of Penn- 

sylvania; and that they might be as ono man. lie further 

said, that he had a kngo laniily, and liaving a great 

way to gu, he had v.o mciuis of carrying any more pro- 

visions than would S(^rve liiui on the road—he therel'ore 

desired that he miglit be fiu-ni-ihed with a horse, that he 

i might be enabled to carry provisions to his family. 

t 

Whereupon the (iovernoi; ])romisod lo let him have a 

horse, and he promised to reliirn him again, the next 

time he came down. 

i The Governor then talking into his hands the belts, 

strings and bundles of new 1)lack wampum, gave tliem 

lo Teedyuscung, and desired he would use them to the 

best advantage. 

Tiie private presents w< )t' then given, and the Oovit- 

nor and llie eouneil took iheii Itîves. The eoimeil re- 

' turning to JMiiladel|ihia, and the (iovernor going to New 

; York, on an express received from Gov. Shirley. 

A list of 

July, 175'): 

Indians preseiit at a treaty at Easton, 26th 

Capt. Newcastle, one of tJie Six Nations ; Teedyuscung, 

King of the Delawui es ; Ta])ascawen, counsellor ; 

Amos, Kesmitas, John Jacob, Tecdyuscung's three soiis ; 

Machmelawchchiidc, his son-in-law ; JohuSwalling, his 

grand s'ju; Ciuistian, William, Josiah ; Baronet Dowman, 

an Onandgo Indian ; Weenochwee, Mongust, 

Ilatchchaan; lieiijamin, that speaks English; John 

Pumpshire, Joseph Milclity, 'J'homas Storer, Josepli 

Pupy, Nicodenms, Zaeh;aius, (Miiistian; Macharveheh 

iy, diat lived some n.oiiths at lâston. 

I liave carefully perused the foregoing minutes, and 

do find iheni to give a true account of what passed be-

50 HliTOUV or NORTHA.MPTON COUNTY. 

tween the Oovmiior and tlie 

Kaston. 

Indians, in my presLiiccaf 

[Pro. !-:.:^ thei* | 

principal cinels, met Oovernor Denny with his cr)!iii.,ii ? 

conunissi'jiiers and secretary, and a great 

' 

nmnber oj 

citi'/.ens w,' Ph.iladelphia, chielly Quakers. 

' j; 

: 

'•At unee o' 

the close a treaty of peace, was concluded hetwucu tlii 

| 

Shawances and Dohiwares and the English." |, 

Another council was held in July, 1757. An ahor % H 

the autunni of 1758, when alK)Ut live hundreil Indiiiiu- Vattended. 

Another was held in ()ctol)er, 175.'j. The V. 

following is an extract 

actions at this cuncil. 

of the records touchint: iIjc iraiis ?;,f 

Council at Euston., October 11, 175!). \% 

The Indian Chiefs and Oovernor Bernard and Govgi 

nor Denny in cianKal. 

Mohawks, Oneidas, Onondagoes, Cayugas, Seneca^. 

Tuscaroras, N uilicokes, Conoys, Tuteloes, Ciniganh, U 

Delawares, Unamiues, Munseys, Mohicans and Wap- |^ 

(lingers. 

Teed.iju.scu'ii.^. I called—tlie Indians hav- 

Spcak ii/id [hey wi!l hear. Sit and talk. 1 

hear and su.:. 

Tokaaio, chief of tlie Cayugas, I speal. 

fiayugas, Ttib'cnroras, Tuteloes, Nanticokcs and 

^V road has boon opened for as to this coij 

-- c 

I 

• 

'

NORTH A.I,lPTON COUNTY. 

Rlood has been spilt Ujton this road. liy tliia belt I 

wipe away that blood. I take tlie tomahawk from off 

your heads. 

Nichas then spoko. Teedyiiscmig has said lie is our 

chief. We knov^ kim not. It' he be our king, who 

made him so? Have you done it? Say yes gr no. 

Tagashata. Wo kuov/ ntit who made him our kint^. 

%/issara7idongii(n:. No sucii thing was ever said in 

our wigwam, tliat Ti'.edyuscnng was our king. 

Henry Kim^. i spcnk lur the Oneidas, Cayugas, 

Tuscaroras, NaniiL-ike:j ;uid Cunoys. We say boldly 

he is not our king. 

Governor Denny. You say that Teedyuscung said 

he was your king. He met us in the council fire at this 

place last year. We considered him your representa- 

tive, not your king. lb; said he was not your king, 

lie cahed the Six Nations his uncles. 

Governor Bernard. \ do not know tiiat Teedyuscimg 

is a greater man than any of your chiefs. 

; 

^ Teedyuscung now spoke. You placed us at Shamo- 

Jkin ami Wyoming. You have .sold that land. 1 hm 

( 

[ jjike a bird upon a bough. I iouk aroimd and know not 

lAvhere 1 may take my nst. Let me come down and 

^3nake that land my own, that I may have a home for 

f ever. 

[^ 

Governor Benny. We will settle matters. 

\r^ Nichas spoke. Settle miitters—those tilings are in 

i«ihe dark. Place thcin in the light. The proprietaries 

»Uiave our deeds—show lliem to us and we will know 

gour marks. 

Governor Bernard then said he had something to say. 

' 

q Taga,^htita said. One Governor at a time. We will 

jIBnot hear both speak. 

M A deed being produced, 

m Nichas again spoke. This deed we remember. We 

sold the land. Tho laud was our own. All thinss are 

;, right. 

t A member ot ti.e Pt;i.ni:ylvania comicil then observed: 

* Teedyuscung a.sks u.s to mole you owners of tho lands 

i atWiti iiidc and i-ihamoking We have no power to

52 UlSfOIU' OF NORTHAMPTON COUNTY. 

sell those land-s, Your request shall be laid bcfoi-c 

proprietary. 

7''eedt/uicnnL,' ie\)\ie(}. Onas will grant our nq.. 

We trust in liirn.. We know hirn. lie loves justid, 

We are salisiicij. 

"There ums also another council held in IToi, con 

earning tho Dri avarf,- settlement at Wyoniiri;j, Jii Vvii'':!: 

Teedyiibcung look an active and eloquent pari. " 

EASTON. 

Easton is sifuatcd at the conlluence of the ri'.'Lis Du 

aware anrl Li iii^li, and cxteiuls iVoru the inuiiiii oi il. 

latter, along thf- loinur, nearly hah" a nnle, to i!..- Ih;s| 

kill creek ; so rfiat ihi- l(Arn is Imunded on tiu'to sidi 

by water. For the advantages of position, as well as; 

for its beauty nf scenery, it is unsurpassed by any iriLmdi 

town in Peini^syh'ania. The soci(;ty of the ]ili:ci, ;;: i 

morals and inrelligence, is certauily no( snr[»a--s.\i ic. ^ 

any town in ihe connu-y. Industry and ecuniuny /rJ 

the characteri.-tics of all classes; both professicnal iti.'| 

mechanical gentlemen, are an ornament tf) lb.; ;,ia- 

The dwellings are generally well built 

— 

their ; LiMct 

.spacious, and a lew of them costly. 

Easton was incoporaied in llHii. The streets {tin eii,il 

and west, noith and south, and are well paved, wil:. 

side \valks. In the ceiitreôf the town is a line sqiiajv 

surrounding the Court House, which makes i.[i.if',' aii 

imposing a{)pe;irance, since it has received '' a iirashinv; 

np'^ and otlier additions. The mnnlxir of dw jUiriir,-; b 

between seven and eight hundred. There an/ iv/cIvl 

taverns in the borough ; about twenty stores, sovera! 

appothecaries, fom- foinideries, viz: Iron and Urvis^ 

foundeiy, ovv'iied by Aaron Miller, now carried mx ny liie 

iirmof Fishery Knight, manufacturing principally gratfî ! 

and fenders; the Eagle foundery, carried on by Rictu.r'.U 

Templin ; George W. Harnet's foundery, and f.'iu i:; ,i 

i3uckl('y's foundery. There are seven co,i-.;]i m i/i';

j liy 

I 

I This 

I 

I 

i ileinan; 

j 

: by 

: 

i 

. lished 

niSTOKY OP NORTIfAMPTON COUNTY. 

factories, carried on respectively by IMessrs. Slilwel), 

Seip, Steckel, Wolf, Diidly, J.,ud\vi'g and Godown. 

The borough cout.iir.is, in addilioii to tbe usual county 

buildings, a Geiiurtu iielbrnied, two Lutheran, Presby- 

terian, Ej)iscop;il, Ciiiiolic and Abithodist chuiclies ; 

also 

a Jews' Synaguaiie. 'I'hc Baptists are ajjout erecting 

one. Coniniou .-.-cliOoN and Sabbath schools are well 

attended. 

an act of As-srinbly, Abuch 9th, 182(), a college 

was established, iijidi.i- tin; nth; ot' La Fayette ColK'ge. 

will be unhi'rd i'l tb:' eha])ter ''on Education.'^ 

A library was ;'(. 11. jci iu ibl 1, containing ab(Hit thrr< 

thousand ^'olunl(•s, wiili which is connected an extcnsix e 

cabinet of niineruLs. 'J'Jiere are siiveral news papers ]-tub - 

here, viz ; Tbu ]lun iSentinel, by .lanr(3S \ 

J)iinlap ; Unabhaengig^.-r Deuiocrat, by the same gen- 

Tlie JJeniocrat ^ Argus, by \V. A. Ilutler; 

Easton Standard, by Mr. Sn.ndei's; The Whig &.bnn'naij 

Mr. Iletrick; and a (leiman pa|)er, by Mr. II. Sen- 

senian. 'I'he town is libnndantly su])plied with v\''ater, 

oonvyed in iron jiipes ti'oni a spring alK)Ut a mile I'rum 

tlie borough. Theriiare \.\\\) luidyes across the Hnshkill, 

one across the J)ela\v;ii'e, and one across the Lehigh. 

Formerly there wivs a chain bridge across the Lehigh, 

suspentied on four chains, hanging in two loops and two 

lialf loops, having two pass ways for teams, and a foot 

walk between, wdiich was guarded by hand railings. 

This one was swept away by the freshet of 184L The 

town and vicinity sustained considerable injury from 

freshets in Novembcj", 1840, and Jamiary, 1S41, as appears 

iVoni the followhjg extracts: 

Huiu Watek-^Loss of Pkoi'erty.—Tlie rain wliich 

fell in torrents on Tlinrsday last, caused our streams to 

j'ise very much. Tlie Leliigh, which usually rises very 

rapidly, came tlunidering duvvn with her torrents from 

tributaries among the mountains. Tliere wasconsidera 

ble damage doni; at the mouth, where the new dam is 

constructing. The abuinient of the dam, which is but 

partly linislied, was overllowed, the water washu.g 

iiwiiy '.lie bank alongside.

54 Hi'->Toi.y OF NOKTiiAairroN codntt. 

The laii^^c lli e-proof four story brick house, iuuik 

ately below the dam, was entirely deinolisiied, being un 

; 

dermined by the water. It fell with u heavy crash inl 

the river. Tiie water by this time liad got suilicioiii 

head to endanger the whole bank, which it was fast' 

undermining. So great^was the apprehension, thai tli' 

larailies along die river removed all their good.s. !;.s:pefi 

ing that their dwellings would be swept away. 

The excavation along the bank extended to v.iiliiu;, ^, 

few feel of some of the dwellings, taking away iLi; i 

whole street for about twenty yards. There was, li')V,'-l 

over, no dr.mago done to any other ])roperty hut il. ] 

store house. 1 

The scene on Friday evening was truly wii.l— li.. 

| 

roaring and gushing of the waters, the fires that wcr 

| 

kindled to light the workmen, the groups of pcrsi;i:. 1 

collected together at ditierentpohUs, altogether pi escntci | 

a grand and majestic spectacle. 

There is but little damage done to tlie dan.. Ti;. < 

principal loss sustained, is the destruction of tli*; -i.,it 

J 

house, and wa>hing away of the street, which v, ;il r- | 

quire a vast anouiU of fdling in and slo])e wall ;i n S 

heavy expense, to jilace it in pro})er order.— II h:g ii.ul \ 

Journal, Nov. !, 1810. 

] 

Freshet.—Great destruction of property, &c. on i!k S 

Lehigh and Delaware rivers, and inmidation of tli 

| 

borough of Easton. \ 

As chroniclers of passing, events, it becomes our pain- 

ful duty to record a scene of destruction and dev i;slaiioii, 

such as never was before witnessed in this section ol 

country. The late excessive rains, carrymg witli it \\\t 

snow, which had covered ihe ground, caused our streams \ 

to rise beyond all precedent. Tliey came careering dov/it I 

with awt'al rapidity, on the morning of the 8th inst;nt I 

producing waste and ruin on every side, bearing o]i \W i. I 

angry waters every kind of property—house ., burns, | 

store-houses, fences, stacks of grain, and furniture of all \ 

descriptions. 

The Lehigh river, one of the most unruly ai.d i!nl;i- 

lent of streams, has caused the greatest amouuL oi'd;':i- 

|

HISTORY OP KORTJIAMPTON COUNTY. 55 

age.- As far as liciud from, not a bridge is left spanned 

across it. Tiie bridLics al Stoddartsville, Leliightoii, 

Siegfried's, Biery'^', Allciitown, Hctlilelreni, Freeman's, 

Kaston—all of them swept clean away. The beautifn! 

bridge at our borough, went about four o'clock in the 

morning of the 8th. It breasted the flood most gallantly, 

fur hours, but at last ^vas obliged to yield, and gracefidly 

parting, lioated oft' Mpou the angry waters that destroyed. 

The Jlals, below Soudi Easton, between the river 

the cunal, cdiilniiiing the Collector's olllce of the 

Rand 

. injured 

Ivchigh Coal and ,"'»uvi2;irion (Jonjpany, and a small vil- 

lage, were so completely inundated as to hide the buildings—all 

but the store-house were carried oft". The 

lower ])art of IViUiarns/u/rt is almost destroyed—the 

canal basin nijparunlly demolished—the Collector's oftice 

of the J)(!laware division moved oif its foundation—the 

way-lock stript of its covering, and botli sides of the 

river here, present but one scene of ruin. 

The dwellings, in the section of our borougli, adjacent 

to the J.ehigh, as far up as Lehigh street, were inundated 

in their lower storie-s, destroying their furniture, 

&c.,the occupant's haviiig only siUJicient time to save 

themselves. Some o( the dwellings were considerably 

by the drift wood, the end of one being torn out 

and otherwise damaged, and leavhig all in a nearly 

untenantable condition. We have seen a saw-log, on a 

porch, about lifty yards from the river. Tiie houses, all 

along Water street, were overllowed, leaving them in a 

most forbidding condhioii. 

The Delaware, usually so remarkable for its mildness, 

as to be called the "silvery Delaware," also assmued a 

new character, tliough not so destructive above the 

Lehigh,asthat river, did, notwithstanding,nntch damage. 

It is estimated that it was thirty-iive'feet above low 

water mark, six feet higluT than has ever been heard of 

before. The de^tmciiou of the bridge across it Avas 

looked for during ilii; wliole olthe Mth, but it withstood 

the flood, though nui> h injured and torn. I?eport has 

it, that below tf.i s, every oil',!;r bridge on the Delaware 

is ô\i-.. Coming, as this tliMMJ has done, in the motjt

5G UISTOUi'- OP NOIITIIAMPTON COUNTY. 

inclcmem part of tLo season, the clistress produced wil. | 

be great. It i;as fallen ni)on many wlio are in no \vav I 

nl)le to bear it. The d weUings, overflowed, were mostiv | 

ocenpied by the poorest of ouv citizens, who liave loi | 

tiien' all \Vr are iiappy to say, that the usual kind and 

charitable 1( ehii- uf our townsmen are in exercise, aii'l 

all that c>ui possibly he done, is done to alleviate die 

(Ustresse.s of the sniferers. 

As yet, we laiow oi' no loss of life. Mr. Lowvy ii);ii 

son, fi'om Celcnian's dam, were both swept away. Tlio 

father jumped upon a log, and while passing jii.î above 

bere, l)i;Jore

nisTor.v cv Northampton county. 5j 

, 

sive; l)ut the hotel and oiher substantial buildings, were 

miraculously XJreserved. 

At Alienlown, tiie sweep of the flood over the lowlands 

is represented as having been awl'ul. Of thai 

substantial bridge, erected but a few years ago, not even 

the ]jiers and abutments remain. This company has 

been peculiarly uutbrr.mate; l)Ut a few years ago, tiiey 

lost a bridge by i]i\:, iiud soon after another, in i)art, by 

a freshet. The siiltnidid stone bridge, over the Jordaii, 

erected a few yeic's agu ;it a cost of eight or ten thousand 

dollars, we are jilia.-cd to learn, sustained but little 

damage. 

The company's daju. at this place, is not, as was 

reported, carried away; but tlu; canal and locks, imme- 

diately below, are all destroyed. The destruction cvi 

private property, consisiing of store houses, coal and 

wood yards, basins, boats, &;c. at this place, is complete. 

At Jiiery's bridge, one span, with the abutments and 

pier, are uninjured, and the company ho[)e to have it 

repaired and o})en to the public in tan or fifteen day.s. 

Much i»rivate luopcit)- was ;ds(i airried away at thi-. 

poiut. 

The havoc at the Lehigh Water Gap, as will be supposed, 

from its jx-'culiar location, was very great. Tlu: 

county bridge, which v, as linished but a few months 

ago, was raised Irom its foundation, and carried dowii 

the stream, strikmg the hotel of our friend Craig, buL 

widiout tloing much damage, passed on and crushed thi; 

building in which he kept an extensive store, and rushing 

on, there was nothing left of the valuable improvenients, 

coal, lumber, plaster and other properly, innnedi- 

ately below. The hotel was in great danger, and the 

family and other imnatos were taken out with a boat,iii 

the night, and were obliged to remain in the mountain 

until the next morning. 

The loss at the Clarissa iron works, above this point, 

is very heavy— tlio greater part of the valuable improve 

nients of Joseph J. Albiight, are in ruins. 

At Parry viUe. Weisspon, iMauch Chunk, and up tin.

njSTOltV OP NOH'l'HAMPTON COUNTY. 

Lehigii, the .samo devastation prevailed—many hous:^ 

and other vrJiiahlo projterly came down the river. 

The state work's along the Delaware and the Leliigl, 

Company's improvements, on the Lehigh, are damageii 

to a great extent. At many places no traces of lli*i 

canal are left, iho cnrrent havhig swept them away lo low 

water mark, lor a great distance; and all along ilie line 

rhoy are more or less injnred. Jcmuary 8, 1S11.

ClIAI'TEll VIII. 

TOrOGUAllIi' OF TOWNSHIPS. 

' Upper Afointt Belhi I townsJiip is bounded on tlic 

north, by MDnroc coiimy; t..';ist, by the Delaware vivei 

on the south and west, by Lower Mount Bethel town- 

&liip. The surface is hilly and rolhng; soil, ])rinci])ally 

limestone; well riihii'Lie'd and very productive. It i^ 

watered by Cobuss' cmek. a small stream that rises 

within the township, and llowing seven miles eastward, 

falls into the Delaware river, about three miles helow 

the Water Clap, 'ilific are si.v 

from Easton, and live iVoni the Ga]). This place ua. 

laid out by William Lander, some twenty-five or thirty 

years ago. It contains ;d)"ni forty-five dwellings, on . 

store. . .ic tavern, uvo churches, an l^^nglish Presbyterian 

;

t)0 

lilSiOUr OF NOKTIIAMPTON COUNTY. 

cliiircl), Li-ecic'l i)f brick, iu lS;^fi; and a i'lciliuiV 1 

church, a iVaiin' Imiltliii^-, m-ectcd in lb35; and a iv,:], 

brick academy, hnilt in ISIjI, bnt now occn[ii;'(i by .i;| 

cununon scKjoI— [Kjj)nlation about two hvuidi'od i)i',i| 

seveniy-iivo. 

| 

Thecailieyi settler here was a Mr. Forsnian 

— 

[ui'Oii.l 

the otii.r uany settlers were Frutchy, J5rodi, ())' 

Krot/.er and Stein. 

Dii'l\- l\'.'"rij i.s between Slate Port and WiUiani-b;e J 

ojiposiio (Dhiniljia, in New Jersey. Tliere is a lavu 

hei'e in Vvdiici; a, jhisI olllee is ke])1. 

The i-oiaii.iiioij al' tins township iu 18.20, wu,^ 2.1~3 

in 1830, 2,'.iil; lyio, 2,(ilc;. 'I'he county r/.tes aiiMJ 

!-eal| 

levies lor UilJ,ou iti-olessions, was j5'S;5,t)!»;3 : ou 

estate, liorses I'ud catllr, :;^751,525 ; .state tax, y>' .8J!i iT I 

'I'he junuber .n' la.xables, (JjO. 5 

Lower Mo:' /if liclhcl townsJiip 'mi boundeii on il r . 

north by Moinoe connly, cast by Upper Mount iJediei \ 

south by l''oiL l()s\'nshii> and the Dehiware ii\ er, airl 

west by Plaiatiidd township. 'Idie surt'ace i- jiailly 

iullv, and .•ôiiii portions of it leveb A small lavpuriii.i 

is liniesiuiie soil, bnt the m'eater part is gravtl. li i 

pj'ctiy well waiered l>y Uichnu)nd creek', (jr (Jijuirlun, 

Alartin's ami Muddy creeks. The Ocpnrton idiorilsome 

mill jjowm r. Martin's creek rises at the (iujf crtin 

J'jlue UKiimlaiii, and runing a, st)uth-western coiirsi;. . 

eni})ties iiito ib.- Delaware some iiltoeu or twenty inilc-: | 

above Easton. It alibrds several excellent n.i'.l seats. ; 

'J'liere are ninii yris! and eight saw mills in tins town 

shi]>. There i;> a post ollice at Ahulin's crock in llii:. 

\ 

township, and near it, two splendid ciuirches, the onenii 

ICuglish Presl)yterian, the otiior a Oerman Uoibrnici] 

and Lutheran ; both within a mile of the Delaware river, 

Tliere are sevcard small villages in the township. 

RicJi))it/id -x po-;t village, is the priiici[)al (jne ; ii i.-, 

near the la'ad of 0:/uii'fon, or Richmond's credv. It k 

on tlie iiiain rviad litan ICaston to the Delawa.*' W'af.î 

Gap, fointeen miles from the former, and el'tvcn from 

the latter— also eleven miles froui the Wind (âp. It 

\

HISTOUY OF KORTHAMPTON COUNTY. 61 

contains between tliiny and forty dwellings, two stoiec, 

two taverns, a giisi: mill, a distillery and an excellent tan- 

nery. It was laid out many years ago. ''i'lie po])ulalion 

is between iwo ;m.d tliree Jmndretl. 

, Flalfie.ld, on iNTai'tiii's crerk, is tlie name given to an 

irregularly bnilt viliaL'-e, hiid out by William McCaH, 

about twenty yoars ugo. Here are eiglit or ten dw(jll- 

ings, two mills and an extensive taimery. A bridirr, 

across Martin's ••reel: bert'. 

The populatidii oi" ilie !uv/nsbip in 1S20, Avas 2,472 ; 

1830, 2,66(J; 1 SIO. 2,!K-:7; inxablesin 1844, (i59. County 

rates a levies, 1'' 11, ':)a pii'icssions, ;2)95,327 ; real estate 

horses and cattle, J5^:^t)5,780. Anionnt of state la-. 

i52,08l 11. 

' Allen 

toioiship is I'onndcd on the north by Têbiiih 

and Momoe townshi|i., on the east by Upiierand Lowim' 

Nazareth townships, uw ihu south by Hanover jind 

liethlehem townships. ;ind on the west by the Lehn.'i! 

river, which scparatL-s it iVom Ldiigh cottnly. Tlu; sni- 

face is generally level -soil, linie ;5ti»ne, nnd well niiproveil. 

It is well Ui.ieied. liesides the Lehigh, whieh 

is its western Ijoimdaiy, the llockendoqiie, or Ilockyondoque 

and Cahulai|ue creeks are considiirable streams. 

The Ilockendoque rises at the base of the Kittalinny 

mountain, near Smitli^s (âp, running a south-western 

course, passing Kerns\'ille, or Petersville, and Kridcn's- 

ville, empties imo the lêhigh river, ten or eleven miles 

below the Leliigh Water Gap. It has a number of doming 

and grist nulls on it. ('aladaqne creek', is a small 

stream, witli three or lour mills on it. It springs in tlii.~ 

township, and tails into the Lehigh near Jhery'svilie. 

aboiu two miles beloAv the month Of the Iloiiketidoque. 

This towiishij) wa:. originally settled by immigranis 

from the north of Ir 'iKud, between the years 172S and 

1733. It appeal , ib.U 'A'Hiiaiu Craig and Thomas Craii . 

were die prmcij);d seiiler:>. Their residence, acconhiir 

to the Rev. Welisier's sia.leinent, in his notes on iIl- 

enrhj histurij cf 

.'J licit Ihionshij), was about lour mil';> 

fro I' !!.;th, net I'u iVom wKeie the Presbyterian churei'

11:^ Northampton county. 

ill this townshij', now stands. " Others—men of jiropei i 

iy, inliuen.-i- ai.d roUgious character, were John Rawls- \. 

ton,. Robert Walker, Jolni McNair, Jolui Hays, Jamoi |. 

King, Galvrici King, his only son, eininet for |)ieiy ; Ai- ^ 

thnr Latiiiiuu'c, llngh Wilson, William Young, Ojnr(.v j 

Gibson, Itobi,:!-! (iiltson, Andrew Mann, James lliddlo. |' 

.fohn Iôyd. Widow Mary Dobbin, Nagle Gray and i 

'I'liomas A;msii(iiig, who at'terwards removed lo Fogg's % 

MaiKjr." F. 

'J'iiis was, and is still known, as the Irish Settinntnl. %. 

It extends fV(,'iii the Dry l.and.s up to Biery's bridgi-. f 

During the Frencli and Indian war, in 1755 and 1756', 

| 

several massacres were cointnitted inthis settlenuTt, and. 1^ 

nearly all tied to Ik'Udehem. Dr. FrankUn, in a loiter io 

Governor Morns, dated at Jiethlehem, Jaimary 1 J, 1750, 

'• writes : As wo drew near this ])laee, we met a riurfber 

of wagons, rmd many people moving off with tlieii | 

clTects and families from the Irish Settlone }il anl \ 

Lehigh township, beitig terrified by the defeat ol' 1 lay's | 

company, and tlie burnings and nnu'ders commiUed ii; | 

the townshi])s ou New Years day. We found tin.- piace | 

fdled widi relniines; the workmen's shops, even dn' cd- f 

lars, being cro\v

I Bethlehem, 

i 

[ 

' who 

1 III3T0KY OF KO in HAMPTON COUNTY. 

i' which 

(,. wounded, 

The next d;iy we marched cautiously through the fiaj; 

of the mountain, a very daiiiêrous pass, and got to l)]>liiiger's, 

hut tweiity-oiu; miles I'rom Bethlehem," 

A number oriamilies were nuirdered in and near the 

hi^h Setllemeni, [See Wliite Hall township, JêluLrli 

county.] The vvife, of If ugh Horner, Jane Horner, wa^' 

nuirdered by the Iiidiaris, under circumstances of great 

cruelty, the Sth of Ociober, 17G3. At the same time, 

"the liouse of John Slinton, about eigiit miles Iron, 

wa.s assailrj by the Indians, at which wa-. 

Captain Wetlierolt. \v i(h a parly helonghig to Fort Allen 

The Cai)tain designed early in the morning to procited 

for the Fort, ordered a servant out to get his horse ready, 

was immediately shot down by the enemy; u])(m: 

the Captain, going to the door, was also mortally 

and a sergeant, who attempted to draw th< 

Captain in, was also dangei'ously hiu't. The lieutenant 

i then advanced, when an Indian jumping onthe bodit;. 

, window, 

;' him; 

of the two others, i)iesented a loaded })istol to Ins 

breast, which he putting aside, it went olf over hia 

shoulder, whereby he got the Indian out of the house 

and shut the door. 'I'he Indian then went nnind to a 

and as Stinton was getting out of bed, shor 

but rushiugfrom die house, he was able to run a 

f jnile before he dropped dead. His wife and two children 

ran into the cellar. 'J'liey were fired upon three times., 

' but 

escaped uninjured. Cajjtain Wetlierolt, notwithstanding 

his wound, ciawled to a window, where lie 

killed one of the Indiiuis, who were setting fire to ihi: 

( house. The others then ran off, bearing with theii; 

t' 

their dead companion. Captain Wetlierolt died soot; 

after." *-^ 

There are several churches in this township, Lutheran 

and German Reformed, and I']nglish Presbyterian. There 

are alsti several viilagi^;-; in it. 

Jiulh, named after ]3ath in England, by the Iriî; 

settlers liere, who laid it oiu some years before the Rev.;- 

lulion of '7G. It i,> a p.. si village^ on the Mouockac* y 

Uu. oj" I'l,. /si.i.ejMiiv, 1). G33, C2'i.

64 niSTOllY OF NORTHAMPTON COUNTY. 

creek, eleven miles frotii Easton, ten from Alleiitowri, 

live from Nazareth and eight from ]3cthlehem—is very ,|, 

handsomely situated—contains between iifty and. sixty | 

dwellings, many of them of hriciv—two tavern^., llirec -| 

.stores, one church, erected in 1834, held in comrndii by | 

the Lutherans ahd German Reformed—two schools, o)it | 

tor males and one for females. 'J'liere are tv/o mills | 

contiguons lo it— population about two hundred ;in.| f 

iifty. Ylits ago the Land Oltice had been a 1 }5ntli. 

George Jâluicr was Surveyor General many ycwrs—h.; 

| 

lies buried in Allcntownsiiip grave yard.* 

» 

Prior to ITiiO; the Englisli Presl)yterians had occlj:! 

a large stone academy on Monockaeey creek, a nulc froiii 

Bath, and Uev. 'riiomas Picton was the prin(:-ip;ii. The 

house is now ii od by the congregation for diviu'; .'/or- 

aliip. 

Kreidcrsvillc, a post village, was laid out by tluiiiud 

Kreider, between thirty and ibrty years ago ; il is on 

the main road from i5etblehem to lierwick ; it coplain,,' 

fifteen. or sixteen dwellings, one store, one tavern, a ver/ 

splenchd iiouse, erected by George Weaver, in l£ia i 

()no mile fromthe vilhige is ^^ Zton's Kirche," l)ei:uiP.!Ui: 

to the German lletbrnied and LiUherans. There is olso 

a grist mill here, turned by the Hock'endoque creek, and 

a slate quarry, near this village, where rooting slate lias 

been formerly ]jrocured. On the farm of Josei)li Ila^viibach 

there is also a good quality of roofing slate. 

* 

Hauertowii, or IJowertown, laid out Ijy Mr, liauiu. 

is on the road from Betbleiiem to Mauch CImidv— con- 

| 

f 

tains eight dwellings, one tavern and a school house. 

Near it is a German lletbrmed and Jûtheran ch;,r;li. 

I 

| 

JVeaversburi;, a post village, on the road fromAllcii- ^ 

town to ]iath, contains twelve dwellings, one sinre,onc 

tannery, ovie mili on the Collasauque,oi Colesoque creek. 

| 

.1 

Cenlreoille or Nti'.gh.sville, consists of five dwellings, f 

an Eiigiish l^resbylcrian church and a grist nml Tlio f, 

])opulatioii of Ihislownshii), in 1820, was 1,847; in 1830, |- 

fiy\i]G; 18-10. ii. 5 17. Taxables in 1844, (JI'J. d^nity | 

* Rev'd Wcbstor. 1 

|

ates and levies, on proj'essioiis, i598,173. On real estate, 

horses and cattle, iil,050,380. Amount of state tax, 

Jg2,440 50'. 

Plainfield toiunship is bounded on the north, by 

Monroe county ; on the east, by Lower Mount Bethel 

on the south, by Forks lownship ; on the west, by Euslikill. 

The surface generally level, except along tlie Blue 

mountain; soil principally gravel, but well improved. 

The turnpike road, from Easton to Berwick, passes 

through this townsliip, by way of the Wind Gap. During 

the French and Indian v/ar, ihe inhabitants of this town- 

ship, in common v/iih otiiers, had lied from their lioirje.s, 

and taken refuge at, and in the vicinity of Nazaretii. 

In 1779, General Sullivan, with his army, marciied 

from Easton, tjn-ough this lownship, on to Wyoming. 

The army consiisted of a uinnber of regiments, as appears 

from Sullivan's Journal. ''ICaslon, June 13, 1779, three 

soldiers, belonging to the Pennsylvania regiment, com- 

•nanded by Col. Ilubley, were executed for murdering 

au inhabitant of that place. The whole of the troops 

on the ground weie ju'eônt at this melancholy occasion." 

June 14—Was lirc:d a feu de Joie, at evening, on 

account of a victory obtained over the enemy in Soutii 

Carolina. * * * * June 18—^The whole of 

the aforementioned troops warmed, by firing of a cannon; 

inarched together, with the pack-horses and baggage 

wagons, at four o'clock in the morning, on their 

way to Wyoming. The road, for tliis day's march, was 

good; encamped at Ilelliard's ( Heller's) tavern, distant 

eleven miles from Easton, June 19—Marched to Lar- 

ney's ( Earner's) tavern, on J-'okanose ( Pocano) point. 

This township is watered by the Bushkdl creek, wliicli 

rises near the Wind Gap, at the foot of the mountain, 

and running a south-east course, falls into the Delaware, 

about one hundred rods above the mouth of the Lehigh. 

It is an excellent mill stream. There are three grisi 

mills and four saw mills in this township. Tiiere arc 

several small villages in il. 

• Siilil'un's Joiirnul .jfMiifclic--, 

E 

; '

66 Hi3T0i;r of Northampton county. 

Bellevi/lj, consisting of five dwellings and one taveri, % 

{Varihhurg, on the road from Euston to tlie Wini] 

Gap, eight miles iYom the former, and four from the lat- 

ter, consists of eiglit dwellings, one store and several 

mechanics' shops. Near it is a Lutheran German ]{e< 

formed church, on the left l)ank of the Bushkill creek, 

Johnsoiiville, contiguous to Ward.sburg, on the saiii-. 

road, consists of fourteen dwellings and one tavern. 

The po])uUition of the township, in 1820, was 1.137, 

in 1830, 1,L'S5 ; in 1840, 1,508. Taxables, in 1844, 37] 

County rates and levies, ^2:3,353; real estate, hoi-:ês [iii'i 

cattle, !^31 3,445 ; 

amount of state tax, ^707,90. 

Lehigh toiunship is bounded on the north, by Carbor. 

county; on thi; east, by Moore township; on the ioulh 

by Allen township ; on the west, by the Lebig(> river 

which seperates it from Lehigh county. The surface is 

partly hilly and partly level; soil, limestone and x great 

proportion gravel, but considerably improved. As thu 

IJiue mountain fornLs the nortiiern boundry, and ih 

Lehigh entering it on the west of that part, as well

I 

:i The 

HISTOU^ OV NOiiT'lAMPTON COUNTF. b7 

to Mauch Cliuiik, iweiity-two miles t'roin the former, 

and foLiiteeu i'rom tlie ^tttti. It consists of a cluster ot 

sixteen dwellings, one store and one tavern. It is cen- 

trally situated in il c tiAvnship, and two miles from the 

Water Oaj). 

Ckerryvilh, so cidlf a, from Clicrrtf Row Lane, con- 

sisthig of one hundred trees, is twenty miles from Easioii, 

and five from th.-- \7att r Gap ; cojitains six dwellings, 

one connnodiousaud large public house. About a Uiile 

west of it is the well known " Indian Kirc/i,"^ or Si. 

Puiilus Kirch, gegruendet 177'J, Neuerbanet 1833; a 

spacious rough-cast binldiug. It belongs to tlie (Jerman 

Reformed and LiUherau: 

. 

The population of this township, in 1820, was 1,5.jO ; 

in 1830, 1,()59; in 181C, 2.0'\'J. 'faxables, m 16-14, 

496. County rales and levies on prot'essions, $66,678 ; 

on real estate, horses ani caitle, $317,775. vXmounl ot 

state tax, S777 37. 

"Moore township is boimded on the north, by Carbon 

and Monroe counties; t;;).st,by BushkiU township; south, 

by Allen and Upper N;czareth; and west, by Lehigh 

township. The surface is hilly and rolling; gravel soil, 

but pretty well improved and tolerably fertile. It is 

well watered by the sources of Manockacey and Hockendocque 

creeks. The lormer of these stream^ rises iu 

this township, and runuing soutliward, falls into the 

lichigh river at JJethlehe/n. This is a delightful stream, 

and in its course, alford: superior mill-seats—u number 

of fine mills are on it. There are five grist mills, five 

saw mills and two fulling mills in this township. There 

are two small villages in it. 

Kernsville, or Peten^vlUe, situated between the lorks 

of tlie Hockendociiue, in the south-west angle of the 

townshi[), consisiir-g of seven dwellings, two stores and 

a grist mill. 

Klecknersville, a [.o^t village, four miles north of Bath, 

consisting of sevoi'al dwellings, one store and one tavern. 

country around i.s gravel soil, but well improved. 

Th^ ,..>puluticni, iU 1820., was 1,645; 1830, 1,853;

63 HISTOKi' Oi NORTHAMPTON COUNTY. J 'i 

1840,2,381.'. Taxablcs, in 1844,606. County rales and 

levies on jfrofe-ssions, ^65,793; on real estate, iiortes anij 

cattle, S40C,i;lO. Ainuiuit of state tax, $932 81. 

Saucon tovjnship is bounded on the north, i;y tl,t . 

Lehigh river; oast, l)y Williams township; south-enfl i'-^ 

by Bucks county; south-west, by Saucon townsliip, in l' 

Lehigh county: and west, by Salisbury, in Lcliigh 

county. The sartace of the country is hilly; the wiil is 

' 

limestone and gravel, and generally well improved. It ; 

is well Weltered by the Iêhigh river, Saucon creek ainl .; 

its tributailes. The Saucon creek rises in llpjar 'Mb- ^ 

ford township, Leiiigh county; running in a north-ea-storr \ 

direction, it empties into the Lehigh river, about ,foiir 

)| 

miles below Beiiilehern. It is a line mill stream; therjj Y 

are several mills on it. 

^| 

Hellerstoivn is quite a brisk post village, situated en \\ 

the south side of Saucon creek, about four miles soailieast 

of Bethlehem. It contains twenty-two dwellings, 

\\ 

i] 

three taverns, three stores and one grist mill. Therfi is 

' 

f 

also a large chinch near it, belonging to the Luther.ui | 

and Oermun Reformed. From its peculiar situation fbw |i 

inhabitants were measurably secure against the incii,'- -^ 

sions from the Indians, during the French and Iiidiah j^f 

war. 

The population of tliis township, in 1820, was 2,£0h , 

in 1830, 2,308; in 1840, 2,710. The luimber of taxablf-:;, I 

in 1844, 602. County rates and levies on professiGn'>j I 

$95,526; on red estate, horses and cattle, $l,i01.7i'>'i 

{ 

State tax, $6,612 67. 

|j 

, 

't 

Hanover toioivihlp is a very small township. \\

HISTORY OF JJOJCDiAMPTON COUNXr. 69 

^ ] only G5. Tlie early liislory of this township, and the 

sutTerings of its iuhabitanis were identilied with those of 

Uelhlehem towiiiJiip, and the adjoining townships— to 

which the reader is referred. The taxbles of ItiAA, 

were 90. County rales and levies on professions, $Hi,- 

213 ; real estate, horses and cattle, $218,640. Amount 

i ] of state tax, $Q15 '][>. 

~ 

Williams i towHHhip is bounded on the north by the 

Lehigh river, east by the Delaware river, south by 

Bucks and Lehigh counties, and on tlie west by Saucon 

township. Nearly tlie whole siu'face is covered by the 

Lehigh hills, or South mountain, which abound in iron 

ore of various kinds. Magnetic iron ore is found in 

several places on the hills, associated with the primary 

rocks. On the banks jf the Lehigh, a {q\y hundred 

yards below South Easton, a mine of ore has been late- 

ly opened. The ore found in this township is of the 

best quality, a large (luantity of which is used at the 

Glendoii Iron Works, where sixty tons of pig iron are 

weekly ntanufaclured. 

r /rhe soil of this town:.hij) is limestone and gravel. It 

s- 

is rich, well cultivated, and very productive of wheat, 

corn and grass. The iownship is drained by Fray's 

Run, which, by its tributaries, receives the waters from 

the north and the south. There are three grist mills 

one saw mill m ihe township, besides those m 

South Easton. 

South Easton, a borough, is on the right bank of 

the Lehigh river, about half a mile above the borough 

of Easton. It was laid out and established by the Lehigh 

Navigation Company, and bids fair of becoming a 

great manufacturing place. Many of the houses are 

brick, and it presents a neat and brisk appearance. The 

present populati()n is about eight hundred. There are 

in it, three regular stores^ besides several shops, a Methodist 

church, and Union ckurck, in which all orthodox 

divines are allowed to preach. At present it is occupied 

tand 

as a school housg. The inhabitants are a '•^ strict hj 

chw r,. ^;ioing jJco}>li.*' Business, as it should be, of all

70 IIISTOUY OF NORTHAMPTON COUNTY. 

kinds is siispiMid on the Christian Sabbath. Canal boats, 

1)eing reckoned ;;ui//r, pass on, up and down, sercu days 

in the week i ! Tiiere arc two grist mills, two sa^v mills, 

| 

and several faciorics in operation. f 

^ 

Here is an extensive cotton factory, originally slaiieti 

ill 1S36, by Messrs. Swift & lireck, at an expense of ^ '^ 

^^70,000. About a year ago Edward Quinn, the present [' 

^ 

])roprietor, conn-nenced to carry on the factory ; iiaviiig 

expended within the past year ^^7,000 m putting it into ;> 

])erfect irioi. Mr. Quinn gives employment to about 

ninety hmds— lias in o|)eration 5,000 spindles, in spin- [ 

mng cotton yaiii—prod\icing monthly 20,000 iK)U)ids of '| 

; 

spun yarn. lie expects to produce shortly l,ono \ 

l)ounds daily. All this yarn is assigned to Messrs, 

|y 

Woodward ii Ikvinckel, of Philadelphia. An extensive f 

machine shop is connected with the factory. f 

The Le/iigh f Forks, or rolling mill, of considorabk \-* 

magnitude, owned by Messrs. Rodenbougli, Stewart ik 

*' 

' 

Co., is also in successfid operation, giving empkyniciit h 

to fifty hands, day and night. Wire of ditierent l/mad" ' 

or tilamenLs, and nails of every kind, are prodiici'd in 

great (piantitie.s. The principal part of the mela! iiscil, 

is brought from Juniata countv. V.' 

Soutli Easton Furnace or Foundery, owned i.\ 1 

Frederick Gooddell, of Massachusetts, and managed liy t 

George Freeborn, is also in successt'ull operation. Thi 

original cost of it was 4^^20,000—])ut in ojierarioii In k 

May, 1844. Ik re employment is given to fifty hand^, S 

en engaged in various kinds of castings, such as gratt.s, \ 

fenders, flat-irons. 'Phe gross, estimated value fur 184-1, Jj 

will be about ,S75,000. Shortly there will be an artkk ^ 

ft 

wi 

nuamfaciured here (at present imported) to supply the 

American demand, to at least ^75,000 during next year. M 

This small item will be in favor of balance of t/ado, to ? 

be put down en '< our side oj accounts.'"' fe 

A few ye,:r.s ago, Messrs. James M. Porter & Ihoud- r 

meadow,

HISTOnY OF KORTUAMPTON COUNTY. 71 

successfully in operation—it failed. It is contemplated 

shortly to start a blasr furnace here. 

There is also an extensive huilding here, in whicli the 

manufacturing of rifles is carried on. 

Immediately above the borough of South Easton, arc 

the Glendon Iron IForks, owned by Charles Jackson, 

Jr., of Boston, managed by Mr. Firmston and his clerk, 

Mr. E. Rockwell. One furnace has been in successfid 

operation for some tinu-; using for smelthig, anthracite 

coal exclusively. The iron ore used here, is red, brown 

and black oxide ol iron, obtained in Williams townsliip. 

The furnace now in operation ])roduces ten tons of jug 

iron daily. There is another stack or furnace, building; 

which, when comphjt;:d, it is believed, will produce 

daily fifteen tons of }Hg metal. The greatest sucet's.s 

has attended the trial made, on the most extensive scate, 

in reducing iron ore wiih anthracite coal. It is now 

well settled, that tliis kind of coal will answer exceeding- 

ly well in smelting on,'. 

Here is also a small hamlet, consisting of eight dwell- 

, 

ings. 

IViUiaynsport is a suiall village, on the right bank oi 

the Delaware, immediately below the mouih of the lêhigh 

river, hard by tin; base of a high limestone bluti', 

the rocks of which nearly overhang the town. It con- 

sists of some fifteen or more (U'dinary buildings, principally 

one story high. It contains two taverns. It was 

completely inundated by the .lanuary freshet of 1841. 

Tlie population of the township in 1820, was 1,590 ; 

in 1830, 2,707; in 1840, exclusive of South Easton, 

1,937. Taxables in 1844, 437. County rates and levies 

on professions, ;j572,3i)0 ; on real estate, horses and cattle, 

$493,005. Amountof Stale tax, $1,172 39. The taxa- 

bles in South Easton, in 18 14, were 191. County rates 

and levies on professions, S3t,513; on real estate, horses 

and cattle, $175,535; state tax, $442 39. 

Bushkill toionshij) is bounded on the north by Monroe 

county, eayt by PiainAeld township, south by Uppoi 

Niw ,; '.th to\v;iEinp,and west by Moore township. The

72 HISTORY OF NORTHAMPTON COUNTV. 

surface of the country is rather thin; the soil priucipaily 

of a white gravel with some red shale, pale and olivf 

slate. Some parts of it have been rendered very pro- 

ductive. By a proper course of culture, it may still •be 

much improved. The Bushkill, or as it v.'as fusj 

known, " The Lehieton,'" which rises near the Wii.d 

Gap, at the foot of tiie Blue mountain, traviTsi^s ibis 

township in a south western direction, and in its cour:^^ 

through the township, receives several small sfreauis. 

There are four grist mills, and four saw mills in it. 

The inhabitants of this township, with others neat- tli:' 

Gap, were greatly exposed ta the depredations (jf tiic 

Indians, from 1754 to 1763. Many of them ft; d i'. 

Nazareth, tool: protection there under the JJrelhrcn., 

which place had been for some time in 1755, and 175';, 

under the protection of forces coirmianded by Gupta ii: 

Anthony Wayne, Captain Trum]), and Captam Aslon, 

as appears from a letter dated, Bethleliem, January 1 1. 

1756, written by Benjamin Franklin, to Governor iVlorris 

: " Wayne's com])any we found posted at Na',^;uctli, 

agreeably to your Honor's orders. The day after my 

arrival here, (IJcUiledem,) I sent o(f two wagons ioruj-'d 

with bread, and some axes, for Trump and A.^lou, io 

Nazareth, escorted by Lieutenant Davis, and twenty 

men of M'Laughlin's, that came with me. I ordered 

him to remain at Nazareth to guard that place, v/hilc 

Captain Wayne, whose men were Iresh, })roceeded with 

the convoy to Guadenhuetlen.'^* 

There are tv;o small villages in this tawnship, Edmunds 

and Jacobsburg. Tlie former is a post village 

on the road to Smith's Gap, between nine and ten miles 

from Easton. It contains six or seven dwellings^ and a 

store. 

Jacobsburg, A post village, on the main roail fr >ii. 

Nazareth to the Wind Gap, eleven miles from IC^ston. 

It contains one store, one tavern, eight dwellings, a gris: 

mill, a furuuco, formerly owned by Matthew S. llenr^, 

now belonging to Mr. Sidney Clay well, and is in sue- 

*Proviiicial fieccrdi.

HISTORY OF NOIi'MIAMPTON COUNTY. 73 

cessful operation. There is also a riile factory in operation 

in this township. 

The population of this township in 1820, was 1,262 ; 

in 18:^0, 1,402 ; in 1810, 1,7HL Taxahles in 1844, 375. 

County rates and levies on professions, $5 1,653 ; on 

real estate, horses and cattle, $214,340. Amount of 

state tax, $500 55. 

Forks toivnship. so mmed from its locality, being in 

the " Forks of the Delaware,'^ is bounded on the north 

by Plainficld and Lowti Moinit Bethel townships, on 

(he east by the JJelawaro river, and the borough of 

lEaston, on the south by the borough and the Lehigh 

'river, on the west by Upper and Jôwer Nazareth, and 

Bethlehem townships. 'J'lie surface is generally level ; 

the soil limestone, well cultivated, and very productive, 

though parts of it had ben not more than thirty years 

ago, considered a " L'arrcus." 

Passing, it may here be stated that " The Forks of 

the Delaware/' is the name by wluch, a century ago, 

not only the present site oi Easton, but all that portion 

ofeounlry included betwet nthe JXilawarc river and iho 

1-eliigh river, and bounded on the north west by the 

Blue mountain, was known. This beautiful portion of 

Northampton county was occupied by a part of tho 

Delaware natives, who held it till about 1737, when 

Monockyhichan, Lappawinzoe, Teshakomen and Nootimas, 

Indian Sachems, relinguished all fnial claims ta 

diichard and Thomas Peiin, sons of William Penn, tho 

founder of Pennsylvania. 

Tliis township is draiiu.'d by the Bushkill creek, and 

several of its tributaries, and is traversed by a number 

of roads radiating iVom Easton to the several Gap.s^ 

towns and villages. Occasionally tlje traveller will meet 

with finger boards—"7b J'iul Cap''—"7*0 ftlji 

Cap"— " 7b Binl Cy(fc.'' There are seven flouring 

mills and three grist mills in this township. 

Stockersville, a post village, is on the right bank of tho 

Little Bushkill, seven miles from Easton, consisthig of 

nine dv i llings, ouc tavern, two stores, two lumber

74 HliTOliV OF NORTHAMPTON COUNTF. 

yards; a mill contiguous to it on the left bank of ili- 

Little ilu.shkilL wliicli is crossed here by a pcrn-ia.ieiî 

stone bridge. The village is in a very fertile plain 

The population of this township m 1820, was l u" 

in 1830, 1,9S9 ; ni ISIO, 2,16U. Taxables in 16-14^^'^' 

County ralfs and levies on professions, $13-4,300: on 

real esuUc, Ur>rscs and cattle, $1,223,010. Auiumn u' 

state tav, ;:-2,S:J2 50. 

J.owcr Nazareth township, so named aft.r Nc~.,. 

rcth, wl.rre tl..- ]{...v. (leerge ^Vhilrleld i)nn:l.asea • 

parcel of g!;)i:iid m 17'10, and connnenced lu rivrt 

large stone house, with the intention of estahli'-hin" i 

Iree school lot negro children.* It is bomidcj ou Tl. 

north by Upp,,r Nazareth township, on the . ;i^t b 

Forks township, on the south by J5otlilehein, and oh ik 

west by Allen township. 

The surface of this township is level ; the scil Jiai. 

stone, and well improved by a judicious course ufcn,';^ 

and careJul culuire, and very productive. It is drauK-t 

by tiie MouoiKicey cicek, which atlords some .in.' lai" 

seats. Then; arc live grist mills, and live saw mills ,., 1 

ihis townslni.. There are several small towns in u. ] 

^ 

Hechtuwn, a post village, is handsomely locair^d . 

the road from Bethlehem to the Wind Gap, seven mil 

from Easton, mikI mne from Bethlehem. It coiUu: 

hlteen dwellm-s, one tavern, one store, a Lutlu-ia/i ai 

(-.erman KeU;rmed Church, called the " Dn^ fâi 

Church.^' 'i'h,! country around the village is wclli.,, 

proved. 

yewberi^, ir.ur miles from Bath, and sev, li hoji, \ 

Kaston, IS m a highly improved limestone couiiuy ) 

•Heckewelders Narra.ive. p. 18. N. B. In a journal wriuer i> 

''''' ^^'''''"'^"''^ companion in lravell,ng, !,,• (oUowing 

iTnoiicH 

"April 2-, 1710-Agieed with Mr. Allen for five tliou ..nd .cr o 

of the hiiKi on ti.e Fnrks of the Delaware, at £2 200 M-rJu.o '\ 

conveyance u. be made to Mr. WluUield, and after that a-.i^Med lu 

tue. u. .ecualy lormy advancin;,^ the money. Mr. Whitfield propose, 

-ojîvc or. ers- (or b..I,],n

lO? 

HISTOnY OF NORTHAMPTON COUNTY. 

Contains ten or eleven dwellings, one store and a tavern. 

The population of this township in 1820, was 1,084 ; 

in 1830, 1,204 ; in 1S40, 1,201. Taxables in 1844, 305. 

County rates and b'viea on professions, $38,860 ; on real 

estate, horses and cattle, 8027,280. Amount of stale 

tax, !ii2,08l 11. 

Upper Nazareih township is hounded on the north 

by Moore township, on the east hy Forks township, on 

the south by Lower Nazareth, and on the west by Allen 

township. I'he surface is, in many places level, but 

generally, rolling. I'ho soil slate and gravel, and rendered 

very productive. It is watered by two branches 

of the Monockiccy creclv. 

" There is a small slate quarry wliich has been occasionally 

worked, lying about one mile and a iialf west 

of the town of Nazarciii. In the neighborhood of Nazaretli, 

which is on the line dividing the slale from the 

limestone Ibrmation, a material is i)rocluced, which answers 

well the ordinary i)urj)oses o{ blade paint. This 

appears to be simply a more than usnally carbonaceous 

black and soft variety oi the slate, occurring near tin 

base of the Ibrmation, a little above its contact with tin' 

limestone. It occurs also further cast on the Ikishkill.^' 

There are several prominent Moravian settlements in 

this township, which will be noticed below. The po])ulationof 

the township in 1820, was 603; in 1830, 942; 

in 1840, 1,118. Taxables in 1844,230. County rales 

and levies on profession s, ^31, 360 ; on real estate, horses 

and cattle, :&372,485. Amount of state tax,*934 74. 

The Moravian settlements are Nazareth, Schoeneck, 

.Christian, I5rumi, and Gnaderethal, alt within the vicinity 

of the iirst named. 

. Nazaretti, on the head of a small branch of the liush- 

kill creek, is the next to the principal Moravian settlement 

in this county. Its eady history is identified will; 

the history of llie comity. George Whitfield, a cele- 

brated divine, and ibundor of the Calvinistic Methodist' , 

sailed for Georgia i)i 1737, where he remained two yeai':;, 

retUi.- 1 to England, and soon afterwards agahi to

; I 

76 ni.-iTonx oc noutiiampton countv. |>' 

America, :ui:l made a tour through several of thu provuices; 

and m p 

17 10 pureha.sed ' 

a tract of land, .vilhit, 

this township, Av-iih the *' 

mte/ition of establLshhi'^ a [-, 

school lor negro children, ' wliere he laid the toundntioi 

'' 

lor a largo stone house, which he expected the Moravian H 

Brethren, lor some had been induced on his invitation I' 

to setde here, to finish the building which he hac^ com- \ 

menced, though attended * 

with great danger on ac:.ouni 

of the Indians, v/ho liad refused to quit the country, and j 

threatened to murder the ]]rethren. Whitfield liad Ird I 

the lomidaiion ,4" the house, and called the place Naza- V 

reth, Iroui whj,.li, atierwards, the whole manor iv-reived { 

Its name. Tlie Jiretliren having erected the wails or,. I 

story high, they were nevertheless obliged to le.^vr tho .d 

pla/;e m 1710. Whitfield had in the mean time poi- ^ 

Jo Georgia. Th,. lir.ithrenhad another ofier made them i" 

by a respectable merchant, of a piece of land, when- ' 

' 

liethlehem now is. Some time afterwards, Whitfidr} i* 

otleredthem the. man

HISTORY or NOK'niAMPTON COUNTY. 77 

Captain Wayne, dpiaiu Trump and Captain Aston, 

were stationed heie witli companies each. These were 

days of suffering—many of tiie soldiers "were without 

shoes, stockings, blankets or arms."* 

- Not only was Nazareth a place of refuge for the 

wliites, but on several occasions for the friendly Indians. 

Tiie christianized Indians at Wequetank, having been 

threatened to be niurdored in October, 1763, were removed 

to Nazareth. 

from Bethlehem. 

Wequetardc was about thirty miles 

In the vicinity, imrth-oast from Nazareth, was a jilace 

called the lio.sc, uiioro many refugees took slielter. 

if Loskiel, speaking in relation to these refugees, says : 

i 

h " As long as there was room, these poor fugitives were 

i f protected and fed. Na/.aredi, Friedensthal, Christian 

Brunn and the Hose, were at lliis time, 1755, considered 

as asylums for all who Tied from the murder and rapine 

of hostile Indians ; and the empty school houses and 

mills were allotted to thtjm for a temporary residence."! 

• At present Nazareth is a post village, inhabited by 

Moravians. It is a very pretty, neat village, Xan milts 

P 

north of liethlehiun, and seven nortli-west of Easton, on 

the turnpike road to U'ilksbarre, principally built on 

two streets, forming a right angle to the south and west. 

The ground on which the town is built, descends to the 

south, and the houses are generally of stone; many of 

them only one story high. They are built close, and 

the streets are paved—on each side a footway. The 

public buildhigs are a church and seminary for boys 

The church is a spacious stone building, rough east. It 

cost seven thousand dollars. Some splendid paintings 

from the ])encil of the liev. T. V. llaidt, are preserved 

in one of the rooms. The school is at present under the 

care of the Rev, Jacohson, numbering about fifty 

scholars. Every thing that renders a school attractive, 

is to be found licr;'. The scenery of the place can vie 

with any in the state. The JJoys' Retreat, or the Shad\ 

•Benjamin Franklin's leiiei lo (iov. Morris, January 14, 1756. 

jLobl id's History, Pait I. p. 175, 17G.

78 

HISTORS OF NOUTIIAMPTON COUNTV. 

Grove, is very inviting. There is also a sister's iioi; 

here ; several .-lores and a tavern. Tiie poulation ii; 

about 500. 

As a place of resort, Nazareth presents many u.dii; 

ineuts to ll'.e visiter. About a mile Irom the vlUago, i 

a deep shady glen, a medicinal spring gushes out iVo) 

a slate rock. A delightful summer retreat. 

ShosHL-ck was commenced 1760. It is about one-hu 

mile nordi of Nazareth; consisting of nine or ten dwelling.>, 

aiid a Moravian chm-ch. 

Giuidi-nthal was connnenced about the year nil' 

The site of tiio county Poor House is here. It is aooi;; 

one mile from Nazareth. 

Christian IJrunu, two miles south-west of Nazareii.; 

was commenced about the same lime with Guadenth-\l; 

it consist.'? of se/eral farm houses. These are all Moravian 

communiues. 

Bethlehem township is bounded on thenorthwuid f;. 

Nazareth township, eastward by Moore township, soulli 

ward by the river Lehigh, and westward by Ilraiovctownship 

and die Monockicey creek. It rec-ivoi i!.name 

from the village of liethlehem, founded m 1711 

by the Moravian lirethren. The surface of the country 

i.s rolhng; limestone soil, and liighly improved, and ve;y 

productive. It is watered by the Lehigh river, and 

MonockicL'y crock, which afford considerable wati 

power. There are eight or ten mills in ttiis tov;'iishi[). 

Besides Hethlehem, the chief village, there arc seven.! 

others, of whicn an account will be given below. TIk' 

population of this township in 1820, was l,S(iO; in lfc3(). 

2,430 ; in 1840, 2,983. Taxables in 1844, G88. County 

rates and levies on professions, $104,333; on real cstat.;. 

horses and cattle, ijjl,047,220. Amount of st;Ue tax. 

€i3,l94 U2. 

Frcenuinsbur-', two miles below Bethlehem, on ih^' 

left banlv of tiu Lehigh river, is a very neat village. 

commenced son.fe ten or twelve years ago, consisting of 

lil\ecn dwellings, ])i-incipally of brick, one tavern, an 

ncudcnjy or school .house of brick, a storing lu;ase ;uid

HISTORY Of NO?.T HAMPTON COUNTY, 79 

[several shops; a mill and store contiguous to it. There 

f is a bridge across the river at this place. Tliis place 

^sutlered considerab'y by ilu great freshet in January, 

1841. Among those wlio lost considerable, is John 

Warg, having lost a 

[ber and u canal boat. 

large quantity ot" stone coal, lum- 

Bethlehem is situcaed om tlic north side of the Lehigli 

river, a branch of thi j)>:laware, twelve miles above 

Easton, and iifty-oue lanih of Philadelphia, and is one 

of the earliest principal seidenients of the Moravians or 

United lirethren, in the United States. As early as 1735, 

the Moravians directed then- aitv.-ntion to the New World, 

ifonning at that time a colony in Georgia. Adverse circumstances 

induced them to leave that and accept an 

[otler made them from the iiev. George Whitfield, to aid 

jliim in improving a tract (/f land he had purchased m 

fpennsylvania, called Nazarclh, by him ; but a diilerence 

[of opinion terminated the engagement. At this juncture, 

1740, a respectable merch'jut olfered to sell them a piece 

of land, at the present site of Bethlehem, and David 

Nifschmatiy arriving in 17 10, with a company of brethren 

and sistt;rs iVom Enro])e, ;hey resolved unanimously to 

purchase the tract oi land olicred them, and make a 

permanent settlement here. It was wild and a Ibrest, 

at a distance of fifty miles from the nearest town, and 

only two houses occui)ied by white people, about two 

miles up the Lehigh, in all this region. No other dwellings 

were to be seen in the whole country, except the 

scattered huts or wigwams of Indians. Mere they commenced 

a setdemenl, and built the village, which, by 

accessions from Europe, increased gradually.* 

Bethleliem is handsomly situated, on a rising hill— it 

is parlicukirly romantic. The scenery is unsurj)assed 

by any in Pennsylvania, 'fhe Lehigh river and Monockicey 

creek, atford extensive water power for milling 

and other manutacturing purposes. The Lebigh canal, 

passing through the lowcx part of the town, alfords great 

•Loskiel's Histury, fK\rt 1, p. 16. See also David Crantz' Neue 

Brueder HiiiDrie V. Abschniu, § 'J8, n. 318.

80 in.TOIiV OF NORTHAMPTON COUNTY. 

tilul pie,„,.e.,„e and ox.ended vVwf,,:/">! ''^:;''- 

nrthl ^'^'^^^^'^^''^ '"ly ^^'J»«re 1,1 tlii.s country. J; • ol the church, lu 

.re a nuniber of portraits of dist^ vm i 

" 

l"'^ 

missionaries and ministers viz- or r^ 

Martin Mack, ii-ederieiÂianain, R c' ; 

aeus, Johann ^^"t 

Arboe, David Zeisherê^ A P^ Th Jj 

//aid/. 

^ 

' 

' 

\ 

"'" ""^ iii^sfer j,c-,icii „; j; /, j 

ladierclblhwr'^''''»"'-'J"'S^'='>»''' '' iciuics, V"a... I 

LSldOllSl'.Cd ;•-"'"'- ' 

. SlliCP 17S« .,,,, I ;, 

auasyhnnin *\;;;^";"'^«^ «^ widows fin,l 

| 

]^:^d^ oia agt. and , m another unnuuiied 

\ 

r^'h^'T wooden 

t"v'-"".,;i 

building; aaerwar.i:; u vr. 

appartmeats P'^'^'ênt 

Tor \h'ermn,[,^''^T 

one. 1- 

'n'*"" contain? i 

came neccss^Z^T^Zê^ '' ^ '^^^'^ '-'^'^^ bt- 

Y'"" thre^ ,0 f.n,- '' 

btm.lred ^'^'^''"^"^""..in,. 

person Thl' ^ froM 

P'""'"^' ^"" '^"' "'*^ P'--eia | 

«arge builcling u'as ended

.? HISTORV or NORTHAMPTON COUNTY. SI 

women, chiefly likewi^jc of advanced age,board together, 

under proper regnl itioiis, and the guardianship of the 

society. Here is also a Brothers' house, where those 

wlio choose to continue tlie state of single blessedness, 

can do so, and slill gLiiu an independent support. 

The Corpse House, wiiere, on the decease of a member 

of the sociery, the C(>rj)se is dei)osited for three days, 

is wortliy of a notice. \V hen a death occurs, a part of tlie 

choir ascend tlie cliurch cup(:>la or steeple, when a requiem 

or funeral liyrin is played for tlie departed^ and the 

melancholy notes as they fail on the ear in a calm morning, 

are ])cciiliariy solenm iiud impressive. The body, 

on the third day, is removed liom the corpse house, the 

mourners place themselves around it, and after several 

strains of solunm music, the ])rocession forjns a line oi 

inarch to the grave, preceded by the band, still playing, 

which is continued seme time after the colfin is de- 

posited. 

, Tlie grave yard, thouuh studiously avoided by many, 

is worthy tlie attention of the visiter, as well as other 

parts of the village, it is kept with perfect neatness. 

The graves are m rou's. On each grave is placed a 

marble slab, or otlun- stone, of about lifteen inches square, 

on which is engraved the name of the deceased ; the date 

of his birth and death. The visiter looks in vain for 

sculptured monuments reared over the cold clay of the 

departed, with labored p.uiegyrics upon the distinguished 

characters of tlie dejKirted. Instead of these, the 

blocks of "cold pule m;nble," or hewn sand stone, with 

a simple inscription murk the place of the remains of 

the departed. 

The poetical elTusions of Mrs. E. C. Embury, touching 

tiie Moravian burial ground at Bethelehem, may 

iifFord the reader some idea of impressions created on 

visiting this place : 

When in the sliadov/ of the tomb 

This heart shall rest. 

Oh ! lay n\e where spring flowrets bloom 

On earth's bright breast. 

F

8^ nUTORY Of NORTHAMPTON COUNTV. 

Olil ne'er in vaulted chambers lay 

My 1103 less form ; 

Seek not such mean, worthless prey 

To cheat the worm. 

hi this sweet city of the dead 

r fain would sleep, 

Whore flowers may deck my narrow bod, 

And tiightnlews weep. 

But raise not the sepulchral stone 

I'o nvdik ihe spot 

Enougli, if by thy heart alone 

"ris ne'er forgot. 

On a visit to this place in October, 1844, the- vnti 

copied, among others, the following epitaphs : 

.• . . ISAAC 

• ."' 

"- 

; 

OLAPAWANAMEN, 

of Shecomcco. 

'' 

Jiap. a. 1743. 

Dep. Aug. 2nd, 1746. 

'. 

' 

SALOME 

OF 

Shecomeco, 

wife of 

JOSHUA. 

s Departed Sept. 21 thy 

1746. 

THOMAS 

PECHTOWAPPH), 

a Mohican 

OF 

Shecomeco. 

Dep., 

Aug. 27t]i, 1746,

' 

. 

' ,. 

HISTORy^ CV NORTH A.MPTON COUNTY. 83 

^' I/i nieniory of 

Tseboop, a Mohican Indian, ('• ' ••> 

who in holy baptism, April 16th, .'• 

•- 1742. received the name of ' 

. Shepherd."—JoAw 

JOHN; 

One of tl'o first I'ruits of the 

missioii ;il Shecomeco, and a . 

, 

remarkabie instance of the power 

of divine grace, whereby he ... 

became a distinguished teacher 

among his nation. 

He departed this life m fall 

assurance of faith, at liethlehem, 

Augirit 27th, 1746. 

*' There shall be one fold and one '. 

x, 16 • 

' 

.a 

These were all Indians. Tsehoop was a distinguished 

teacher among the sons of the forest. 

Among many others of men of distinction, may be 

found tliat of tiie piout. and learned Rev. John Heckewelder, 

who was borji A. 1). 1743, and died m 1823. 

He was many years a ;nissionary among the Delaware 

and Mohegan Indians. He is author of a Narative 

of the Mission of the Uoited Brethren among the Delaware 

and Mohegan Indians, from its comencement, in 

the year 1740, to the close of the year 1810. 

Here is also a MLii

84 nisTOHY or Northampton county. k 

There are three hotels in the place ; two of theni very | 

.spacious. Mr. T. Riipp keeps one of these. His house > 

is very large, three stories high, and commands a fins 

| 

view of the coanlry. It belongs to the society. Tlierc- i 

are live stores in the place, a' paper mill, grisi mill. | 

woolen and :o1,ton factory, an iron foundry and a nii^rkel I 

house ; the population about twelve lauidred, wi-eTfo! f 

one thous'ind mc- Moravians. There is a bridge over | 

the Lehigh ticrr. Most of the usual mechanical iradcs 

| 

arc carri.'-(] on. In tlie vicinity of the ])lace are several i 

vineyard'; 

The liDii.t -I'i.cie U(aieral hn Fayette lay, duiing l:i^ v 

recovery from ilie wound lie had received at the hatfif | 

oi' Brandy wine, Seplember ]lth, 1777, is still standing: % 

and the vvdrnari, vvlio acted as nurse to the old (iejicrnl. : 

is still living in (he Sister houses—slie was, at lea.'l, iôrrc >' 

few years ago. 

This place suffered some damage from the iieslui. 

| 

January 8t[j, and i)tlj, 18-11. Along Water street, Soul|. 

Bethleheni, the wateity of alt kinds, along tlie Lelnn.h v.:m 

Monokissy, was great. 

Bethlrhon, and its vicinity, from its earlie-L fielii'- 

.nent, and foi naj-ry years afterwards, was the uvi-:u n 

^

HISTORr or iNORi'li.AMPTON COUNTS. 85 

many an interesting incident, ami the place of refuge for 

many oppressed and marked victims of cruelty. It is so 

full of mteresting occurrences, implicated with the general 

history of the couniry, and early efforts of missionary 

enterprizes, that to relate a i'ew, in tfiis place, is not 

deemed inapproju'iUo. 

As early as 1742, Jictidehom was visited by that distinguislied 

minister of tlie gospel, Count Zinzendorf; 

while here, in compajry wiUi his daughter, Benigna, he 

visited the ladiLii villv-es m the neiglijDoriiood. His 

first visit was to P.il-u,: a distinguished Indian, who 

lived near Nazareth. He iound Patemi remarkabl\ 

quiet and modest, who had regulated his economical 

11 alfairs much in the European style. The Count also 

"I 

visited Clistowacka, an Indian town, inhabued chielly 

by Delawares. He called on an old Indian, wdiom the 

people called a priest, ;ind whose grandson was sick 

unto death. The Cou'it prayed lor tlie child, recom 

mending him to his great Creator and Redeemer. Iknext 

extended his tour beyond the Blue mountains, (hi 

(his tour, a Mr. Remberger, a European trader, kindly 

accomi)anied the Count, The jilaces he visited, beyond 

the mountains, were Pochapuehkung and Meniolagomekah, 

not far above Ouaden Huetten, or Fort Allen, 

in Mahony valley. He also extended his tour to Tulpehocken, 

the residence of that eminent and useful man, 

Conrad Weiser, near the present she of Womelsdorf, 

Berks county. 

At Betlilehem, many of the believing Indians were 

baptized. It became a central and controlling station, 

from which missionaries, and the brethren, generally, 

received instructions from the elders, on their departure 

to their ditferent out-posts. In 1746, it was the refuge 

of the persecuted IndiLuis, from Shekomeko, an Indian 

village, bordering aa Couneoiicatt, near the Stissik moun 

lain, among whom the pious christian, Henry Raudu 

had labore 1 whh much success. The poor Indians, to 

tlee from those who had meditated their exthictioj 

accepted of an invitation tandered them by the brethren 

at P Li'diein, ai?d tool: ;efuee here. Ten families oi

S6 IiIST\ÛV OF NORTHAMPTON COUNTV. 

1 746, M ith soncxv and ' 

tears, and were received ai iehem with 

Bp 

tenderness and compassion. Several ofTh;',' 

immediately built cottages neir tlie settlemeiU ' 

morning and t 

evening meetings were resulated ar d '. 

\ 

service penonned in the Mahikan language. TlS ;: I 

Loskeii, comiort.d ihem, in some measine° for the k. f" ' 

ilie regular ssrvice at Shekomeko, which was mo4 rr 

uous to them. Soon after, two Indian girl v ;"« C' 

nzed m Beihiehem chapel, m presence°of th".,- 

congreganon, and a great ^ 

numbir of tViends.' 

liiis small colony of Indians, settled in the iiir,,, ^,li' I 

vicmuy oi Bethlehem, was called 7ê.T^Peatl 

I'neden.Huetlnt; subsequently, these IiJliav w', 

removed on a piece of land, on the junctiolo h^^ Ah 

hony creek and l.ehigh river, beyoLl the I^,e rw' \ 

tain, about thnty m.lcs from Betldehem m^^qX, county, \ 

and near Lehighton. The pla e wa. ' 

H i 

G..«./..j ' 

//^,//,,,, , ,, Tents of GraL\ 

I 

ihe Kev'd David Bramerd, the celebrated ms.,, 

Slaât^^tflT"'^'^^ '""^^ "^ tl'tks of :: 

JÛdwaiL, viMUid this place m September, 17.1 , „.] \ 

K^'"a^.T"r''^"''"'"^^ beeuLhined'to n ;": 

by leason ot md.sposmon. -Had tlioudits," s.v. ^ 

m his journal lor September soth, 174J,^-oi' ^. ^^r 

ward on my journey to my Indians; bu 

was towani 

taken m 

with a hard pain m my' teeth ad î;^,; ' 

cold, and couM not, possiblv, recover a .1, vt r^ 

degree of warmth the^hole night follotn g" 1^' 

tmued very lull 01 pai.i all ni^ht? and m the uorn v' 

had^^veryhaid lever, and pains ahnostov:;. my ^ 

French and Indian war, from 1755, to 1760 Wl en 

Mission-house, of ' 

which a full acconi t s iv - n 

speakmg of Guadon Huetten, m cXn coû ? 

part 11. p. So. 

•Iôsk.i,. ^._. 

t Fort .-^ Her,, C?rbcn county. 

h

!%•

: 

88 nisTOKV f)r nokthampton county. fl 

willing rather to sutler and live with thein as heretolbr^. . j 

We cannot but declare to our Honorable Governor? { \ 

First, That v/e are thankful from the l)ottom of our \ 

\ 

hearts for the itrotectiou and peace that we have hitiicrta I \ 

enjoyed in this province. Secondly, That none of us | \ 

have any baud in the abominable umrders kitely com- I < 

mittetl by tlie Indians ; but we abhor and detest tijoni.. 

TJdrdhj, It is our desire, seeing we are persuaded thai 

.? I 

'^ 

our lives aviII be 

selves as children 

])rincipally sought after, to put ourunder 

the protectio.n, we cannoi say 

. 

| 

^ 

ij 

otlierwise, but tint we are entirely devoted to thi: , •; 

English GovernUient, und wish success and pros|;enty • - 

to their arms, against their and our enemies. |-« \ 

We hope that our Honorable Governor will give us u 

gracious answer to this om- hinnble petition, and pro- .f 

; 

vide for our future weltare and security. { \ 

(Signed by the following, in the presence of Rerniivd 

Adam Grube, John Jacob Schmick and J, Okely ;) 

,, , 

| ij 

. Joshua, the Moliickan ; Augustus, Delaware; Jacoli. 

'' 

* 

Mohickan ; Anton, Delaware; John Peter, Wainpenas 

< 

Joshua, Delaware Andreas, Wampanas \ ; Michael, Meni- ;; 

sink; Jonathan, D^'lawart;; Philippus, Wanij)onas; Tob.n, 

Mohickan; John, Delaware ; David> Moliickau ; Marl:, 

Mohickan. 

Subscribed before 

TIMOTHY HORSEFn^>rj), 

^| 

Justice, for Northampton county, Nov. 30, 17.jj. 

To the Ibregoing, Gov. Morris WYOte the following in 

answer 

To the Indians lately i^jsiding at Guadcn Huetten, anit li 

now at Bethlelfcm—Greeting : ^ 

Brethren—You may always de])end on the Uiost %\ 

favorable construction being i)ut on whatever yen lay 

f^, 

before me. It gives me a true pleasure to fuid yen are ^. 

imder the force of religious impressions, and speak in so 1 

arfectionaii? a mranicr of the great Author of tiic J bris- I 

tian salvation, our Lord Jesus Christ. A 

As you liave made it your own choice to b:;i run.: » 

; 

* 

|

I 

HISTORT OF ^'0UTnAMPTON COUNTY. 89 

meiiibers of our civil society, and subjects of the same 

' 

government, and to determine to share the same fatt; 

with us, I shall make it my care to extend the same protection 

to you, as to the other subjects of his Majesty, 

and as a testimony of ihc regard paid by the government 

to the distressed state of that ]:)art of the provmce where 

you liave sulfered so natch, I have determined to build 

a fort at Guaden Knetten, from which you will receive 

equal security willi the wiiite people under my care. 

I have not the le.tst .suspicion of your having been 

concerned in the lute nitschi

90 HISTOUy OF NORTHAMPTON COUNTY. 

which are jusi do.v come to hand, < 

and which will . t 

form your Honor of the particulars whicli I have i j 

•lay beJbre yon. Your Honor will thereby bce v/ii,n 

circumstances we are in, in these parts. 

| 

I would also just mention to your Honor, lluU u.. i 

bearer brings with him some pieces of arms which fail I 

m the using, and which make the people afraid to tal,.>| 

Ihem h-. hand. I ];ray that your Honor will t^ko it 1;. I 

' 

your Innher consideration, and give us all the a.yistaiict 

that lays iti yoiu' power. 

J am, with all 

\ oil will be so kind and acquaint Mr. Horsefield direct- i 

Jy ol it, ihat he may send a messenger to Philadelphi'' * 

.and let all our neighbors know what \ve have to eYced' 1 

and that they may come to our assistance. 

:?''-:î:l\^ . ' 

: 

nathanael. 

A letter from Mr. Grail' to tlie Rev. Mr. Spangenhu 

Nazareth, December \\, 17 35 ' 

An hour ago came Mr. Glotz, and told us that ihc lOlli I 

instant, m the night, Hoeth's family were killed ' by tho 

Inaians; except his son and the smith, who made their 

-scape, and the houses burnt down. Just now cam3 oJu 

' 

• 

i 

' 

|

': desire 

I 

HISTORY OF NORTHAMPTON COUNTY. 91 

Mr. Hartman with his family, who also escaped, and 

they say that all the iieighboiiiood of the above mentioned 

IIoeths,,viz: Bioadheud's, Culver's, McMichael, 

and all houses and fuiiilics thereabouts, attacked by the 

Indians at day-hgnt, and burned down by them. Mr. 

Culver's and Hartnuin's liunily are come to us with our 

wagons, &c. Lodged partly here in Nazareth, and 

partly in the tavern. Our wagons which were to fetch 

some corn, were met by Culver's, three miles this side 

liis house, and when tliey heard these shocking news, 

they resolved to rctmn, and to carry these poor people 

to Nazareth. 

They say also that the number of Indians is above 

two hundred. We want to hear your good advice what 

to do in this present sil nation and circumstances, and 

if possible your assistance. 

' Sir— 

Letter from Horsofield to tlie Governor: 

GRAFF. 

Bethlehem, Dec. 12, 175.5. 

I\I(ifj it please your Honor: 

I have despatched an express this morning to 

yo)ir Honor, in Philadelphia, to inform you of the circumstances 

we are in; but since hearing that you'were 

in New York, I thought it my duty to despatch another 

messenger with this, thinking it might yet iind your 

Honor there. 

- In the night an express arrived from Nazareth acquainting 

me that there is certainly people now in Nazareth, 

who tied for their lives, and informs us that one 

iloeth and his family arc cut off, only two escaping, and 

the houses &c., of Hoeth, liroadliead and otbers, are 

actually laid in ashes, and pcojde from all (piarters Hying 

for their lives, and the common report is tliat the 

Lidians are two hundred strong. 

Your Honor can easily guess at the trouble and consternation 

we must be in on this occasion, in these parts. 

As to B

92 HISTORY 01' NORTHAMPTON COUNTY. ! 

infants from Nazareth to Bethlehem, for the grealei . 

security ; and these, with the rest of our children, are neai j 

three hundred in number. Ahho' our gracious King and \ 

Parliamem hcive been pleased to exempt tliose anion^ |' 

us of tender conscience from bearing arms, yet there are 

many amongst us wlio make no scruple of defending 

themselves n gainst sucii cruel savages. liut,alas! whai 

can we do, liaving very few arms, and little or no annrai- 

§ 

(I 

* 

uition ; and we are now as it were, become the frontier; 

|^ 

and as we are circumstanced, our family being so large, fj 

it is impossible fur us to retire to any other place for 

security. 

T doubt not, your Honor's goodness will lead yon to 

consider the distii-ss \vi^ are in, and speedily to ail'urd i!> 

what relief shall be thought necessary against diusimerciless 

savages. 

I am, wiiii due resj)ect. 

Your Honor's most obedient servant. |' 

TIMO. IIORSEFIEIJ).- ? 

P, S, Ifoetii's, ]]r(jadhead's, &c., are situate a I'evv 

miles over the IMue mountains, about 25 oi 30 ruil-.'s 

from hert;. 

Benjamin Franklin, on his way to erect Fort Alleti, 

on the left bank of the Lehigh river, where Weissport 

is, stopped at this place, as may be seen from the follov/- 

ing letter, addressed to Governor Morris, viz: 

Bethlehem, Jan. 14, 1750, 

Governor Morris: 

Sir—As we drew near this place, we met a mnnl/jr 

of Avagons, and many peo])le moving olf with tlion 

etlects and families, from the Irish settlement and l.ehigli 

township, being terrihed by the defeat of Hay's conipany, 

and the jjurnings and nun-ders committed in the 

townships on new year's day. We found this place 

filled with refugees, the \vorkmon's shops, and even the 

cellars, being crowded with women aiui children ; and 

we learned diat Lehigh township is almost entirely 

'Prov, Kec, N. 3^1-3^. 

. 

'

HISTORY Ci NOP.THA.MPTON COUNTS. 93 

abandoned by the inh;ibitanis. Soon after my arrival 

here, the principal people oi" the Irish settlement, as 

Wilson, elder Craig, &c. canity to me, and demanded an 

r§ addition of thirty men to ( 'raig's company, or threatened 

they wonld imnietliaiely, one and all, leave then'conntry 

|5. to the enemy. liay's company was reduced to eighteen 

ij men, (and those without shoes, stockings, blankets, or 

arms)partly by the loss oi' (iuuden Iluetten, and ])artly by 

desertion. Trumj) and Aston had made but slow prol^ress 

in building the liist for., complaining for want of 

tools, which it was thouglit the people in tliose jjarts 

might liave supplied ilunn with. 

• Wayne's company we found posted at Nazareth, 

•# agreeable to your Honor's ordîrs. I inmiediately di- 

F rected flays to complete his company, and he went 

} down to Bucks county with Mr. Heatty, who promised 

I 

* 

to assist him in recruiting. His lieutenant lies liere lame, 

with trozen feet, and uniii for action; but the ensign, 

with eighteen men, is posted among the present froiuier 

inhabitants, to give some satisfaction to the settlement 

[leople, as I refused to increase Craig's company. In 

iiiy turn, I liave tlneate.ied to disband or rejuove the 

tjomparnes already posted, for the security of particular 

townships, if the })eople would not stay on their places, 

hehave like men, do someihhig for themselves, and assist 

-the province soldiers. 

The day after my arrival here, I sent oiT two wagons 

loaded with bread, and some axes, lor Trum]) and 

Aston, to Nazareth, escorted by Lieutenant Davis, and 

twenty men of M'Lauglilin's, that came with me. I 

ordered him to renrahi at Nazareth to guard that place, 

wiiile Capt. Wayne, whose men were fresh, })roceeded 

Avith the convoy^ To secure Lyn and Heidelberg townships, 

whose inhabitants v/ere just on the wing, I took 

Trexler's company into pay, (lie had been betbre commissioned 

by Mr. Hamilton^ and I commissioned Wêtlerholt, 

who commaadcd a watch of iburty-four men, 

belbre in the pay of the province, ordering him to coni- 

fileie his company. I have also allowed thirty men to 

i,t'cuie t'" iowi:.':hip of Upper Sinilhfield, and comniis-

94 KJSTORV OF NORTHAMPTON COUNTY. 

sioned Van Ettcii and Ilinshan, as Captain and LifAite/,- 

ant. And m order to execute more speedily the firsi 

design of creeling a t'ort near Guadeii Iluetteu, lo com 

jilete tlie line and the rangers into motion, f have raised 

anotlier company under Captain Charles Foult, to joiii 

with Wayne in that service ; and as Hays, I hear, is nri. 

likely soon to recruit his company, J liave ordered Onvh 

to come up from Rockland, in Bucks county, to 

strengthen this part of the provhice, convey provisior.-: 

&c., to the companies who are and will ho at work ovv:,- . 

the mountains, and quiet the inliahitants, who se-Jiii tei- i 

riiied out of th 'ir senses. 

The arms aiid blankets wrote lor to New Yoik, iu.. f 

not yet arrived; but I hear that 100 gims and 150 ] 

blankets are on tlie road, sent me by Mr. Coldon : tiiosi' 

•' 

of Mr. Walton's being sold before. I have consulto^ 

IVfr. Parsojis, and if the wagons come to-day, it is proposed 

that I prcKced to-morrow, with Wayne's conrpary. 

which is returned, Foulk's and the twenty men of IV- 

Laughlin's, to Guadea lluetten, to lay out the intendel 

fort, and endeavcr to get it despatched, Capt. Wayn.i 

tells me that Triunp expects the iirst fort will he iinished \ 

next week. 1 hope to get this done as soon, havir*; f 

more tools; thoi.gh at this season it seems to befighlinj; 

, 

against nature. But I imagine 'tis absolutely necessary 

to get the ranging line of forts completed, that the peo- 

])le may be secured as soon as possible in their habita- % i 

tions, and the internal guards and companies dismissed, 

otherwise the expense and loss to the province v/iU br- 

intolerable. 

I want much to hear the event of the proposed ifeaiy, ^ 

and the determination your Honor and the commifw 

sioners may have come to, for the encouragement ci 4 

volunteer scalping parties. » 

' *' .• Sir, 

I am, with dutiful respect, l 

your Honor's most 

. Obedient humble servant, 

•,.'•- B.FRANKLIN. 

t 

j 

'• 

y

HISTORY Ot- NORTHAMPTON COUNTY. 95 

The Brethren here, as well as at other Moravian set- 

tlements iu this part of Pennsylvania, were peculiarly- 

situated. Notwithstanding that they atforded protection 

to refugees from a cruel dijath ex])ected to be intlicted by 

the savage Indians, " the Irish ot the Kitlatinny valley 

viewed the Brethren with jealousy, and openly threatened 

to exterminate the Indian converts, and it was 

dangerous for the friendly Indians even to hunt iri the 

woods,'* or even when sent on j)ublic business. The 

fallowing letter from the Rev. Spangenberg to Governor 

i Morris, goes to sustain the truth of this in the main: 

Bel/iic/te/n, May 2d, 1756. 

j 

May it please your Huuor 

I arrived at Bethlehem the 2Sth, 1st month, and com- 

) municated with our Indians, at your Honor's desire, 

I that one or other of them might go with the messengers 

f; who 

f 

I 

were sent by your Honor's orders, to the Indiana 

at the Susquehanna, and would soon be with us at Bethlehem, 

in their way thither. Augustus, a Delaware, 

alias George, upon serious consideration upon going and 

not being ignorant I of many dangers he might happen to 

meet with, he ; called his wife, mother-in-law ami two 

^sons together, and ileclarcd to them his last will, in case 

he should be either killed or hindered some how from 

\ 

coming back again, viz : That they should conthme with 

our Saviour, with whom he was determined to abide as 

long as he had flesh and skin upon his back, and that 

they should not leave the Brethren. 

Tegrea and company crime from Bethlehem the same 

day, and when I presented to them the said Augustus, 

they were very much pleased with him, he being a man 

I 

of good judgment, of an nonest countenance, and well 

'. acquainted 

with the woods up tliat way to VVoyming ; 

and so they are gone tor,ether yesterday, to Fort Allen, 

1 and to-morrow they will proceed from thence on their 

journey to the Susquehanna, [thought them all in 

greater danger of being lixirt in the Irish settlement, 

than any lohere else in all the province, and therefore 

I did desire James Ennis aiid Thomas Apty, not to 

leave tf'iu till they v/ero at Fort Allen, and so they 

:

96 }iISTOUY OF NORTHAMPTON COUNTY. | 

went along. Mr. Edmunds, David Zeitzberger, Geoi,^ | 

Klein and Stephen Blum, all of them went al;so v.'iiii 

J 

rliem to Fort Allen—the slieriiF of this county not lo- 

ing at home at the time of setting off. "| 

We have used tliem well at .Bethlehem, and shewt.ll 

ihem so much kindnes as they were able to accept nf, | 

and 1 think they went away well pleased. Tlieir la:' I 

declaratioti, ;'.k well at Iklhlehem as at Fort Allen, whicl>j 

he also u'^.ntcd me to write to your Honor, wa^ as follows, 

viz : 

I 

•• Wc do remember very well the words the Go\'cn\h\ \ 

hath pul I'i our nuuili.s, and will deliver them laithfrJK. 

j 

May bo this uiTair will take up some time, tv\'enly, ii' 

not thirty, or thirty-tive days. If we do not return i.i } 

that time, be sure that we are either killed, or tli,a | 

ihe danger is such that we cannot get througli. Bat ii 

| 

we can, we will go directly to Thomas Magee's, and ••^t 

| 

on to the Govi-rnor, for so he hath ordered us to do; unl 

| 

so we will do if we can. But if either the white people 1 

or the bad Indians are in the way, we cant go down iIil' f 

Susquehanna by water, then we will come by F' u Alli'i; .| 

and Betlilelient back ag;iin. 

| 

'' If we happen to lose our flag or passport {for il;.e ni;i., \ 

who carries it may be shot, and others may be forced to j 

liy for their lives,) then we will come to the forts, or nay j 

of them, and our token shall be a club'd musket mm \ 

green boughs in our hats. s 

" If Ave meet with had Indians in the wooJo, (ui.' ; 

some of us be killed, you may expect any one tliat ! 

(^scapes, in ten days; if we do not return insLK li a linif;, ' 

then you may think that we are luckily arrived. i 

"If we dohl come in twenty days, tlien let ihc cajj 

j 

tains of each fort look out for us in fifteen days, wliicli ' 

m all makes lldrty-five days, and we will not come in 

the night to any of the forts." . I 

Now tl'.is is humbly to request your Honor, that if they j 

comedown to Harris' Ferry to meet your Honor, then 

Augustus uiay liave your passport, and be safely cartducted 

by proper and careful oflicers to Bethlehem agaiii^ 

1' 

J 

I 

•

i 

HISTOKY OF NOKTJIAMPTON COUNTY. 97 

for SO much I have promised him, and he expects it from 

your Honor. 

I am your Honor's 

. • Humble servant, 

SPANGENBERG.* 

' The Indians ai Jiethlehem were repeatedly instrumer!tal 

in preventing the destruction of the settlers; when they 

lieard of a plot against ihe whites by tlie warriors, well 

disposed Indians would travel all night to warn the 

brethren and others, and thus defeat the schemes of the 

cruel enemy. An istance is related hi the followi/i;; 

letter 

: 

H' 

Jii'thlche77i, June 2\, 1156. 

- Alai/ it please yov.r Honor 

This morning early, ;vl)Out five o'clock, there arrived 

here two Delaware Indi.ns, from Diahoga, who, declaring 

themselves friends to the English, and peaceahly 

disposed, were by us n^ceived as such. Their names 

yre Nichodemus, and ( liristian, iiis son, and formerly 

fC lived in Gwatlen Ihu;tUii. As soon as I heard of their 

being here, thougli sick in bed, I sent for Captain New- 

Vt castle, and acquainted him with it, and what I had 

\l heard of the circumstances, namely, that they left Diahoga 

with a comjiauy of their j'riends, nine women and 

children, to the number of hl'teen ; that a day's journey 

beyond Guaden Ilu(.'tten, they had left the rest of their 

A" company, and determined lo venture their lives and 

i come through, and see how they could get the rest after 

them. When the Cai)tain heard this, he directly re- 

l solved, in virtue of his cv)miuission from your Honor, to 

go this day with his company and Nichodemus' sun 

jl 

'1 (Christian, attended by iVir. Edmonds, to Guaden Huel- 

1^ ten, and immediately proceed to bring Ihein to the fort, 

'' and from thence hither in safety, till further orders from 

your Honor. 1 thought this liighly necessary to aequaiiu 

• 'Prov. 

Kec, iJcok 0, j). U/^, )*ji> ,. . . 

G . 

: 

>

98 insTOKv ov Northampton county. 

you with hy express, that we may speedily know yotu |^ 

lionor's jileasine herein. ' ," ^1 

' 

1 uiri, witli all due respect, 

t. 

•- 

Your Honor's most humble 

and obedient servant, 

f^ 

j- 

TJMO. IIORSEFIELD. I 

P. S. The under- written particulais I got tp \h>i |' 

knowledge of, from our Indians who hud conversed v/ilh •>/ 

ihcni, but as I had |)rondsed Capiain Newci'Stle b« || 

should know iho contt-nts of my letter to your Honflv *' 

I would not insert tlieni in it, doubtin 

be prudent he slioulJ know so nmcl 

1. Wiicn tiic Indians came away, and it was knov/n. 

they foimd therL! were a great many oi' the same niii)(i 

with them, and wished themselves under the pjotectior. I 

of the English, and they think many will follow tlioni, i. 

particularly il'they h.ear these have succeeded, |j 

2. That sev( ;al of the chiefs wlio had lived in iJia- | 

hoga when Caitiaia Newcastle was last Uiere, v. ere iiovv 

moved higher up, and generally thought, (thongh not 

certainly known) to have gone 1u the French. "L 

As things are circumstanced, 1 humbly conujivi! i* | 

will be highly necessary to use all the despatch imagiii.i- | 

ble to send away the Cai)tain—-he hitnself being very ,| 

urgent lor the messenger's return, that he may itTthw;'.} 

f* 

proceed to Dialioga. I 

TIMO. IIORSEFl!':i,lJ. | 

. Governer 

Morris' answer to Horselield, to the uiiov- 

•••,'/< Philadcip/tia, June 2.3, n5'o. I 

Sir—I am favored with your's of the iJlst by express, | 

and in answer, think it proper that Captain No wcastlo i 

should set oil direcdy for Dialioga, and take with bin. \j 

two or diree cf llie Indians just arrived, that tjiey may J 

testify along with him our good reception ol' ihcm. '| 

I do hereby empower the lirethren, and request tlieiii | 

to receive into ilieir liouses at liethlehem, all sncl) $; 

friendly Indiaiis as shall come to them, and (Lsno to U ^ 

Uken in, and to siipport and maintaiu them, till tl.e":. 

I' 

"I

HISTORY OF WOHTllAMPTON COUNTY. 99 

have my further orders, always taking care to advise 

me from time to time, of tlie arrival of any Indians, 

mentiomag their places of abode, their tribe and such 

other circumslaaces as shall he necessary to give me a 

just and proper acocarit of them; and any expenses attending 

this service, v.' ill be paid by the government. 

I herewith eiiciocse an additional message to New- 

castle, which I beg you to send to him, wherever he is, 

with all possible d(3spaich ; as every article is very 

necessary; and if he .siiould be gone, as you see from 

the first part of n.y ietier thut I intend some of the In- 

dians I'rom IJiuhojâ should accompany him, I desire 

^^ you, or some of the Brethren, will speak in my name, to 

such of the Diahoga IiuUuns as you shall think most 

trusty, and send forward directly my additional messageto 

Newcastle. 

I am Sir, 

Your humble servant, 

J 

I ; ;,, ,^ ,, Roirr. h. morris.* 

In answer to the Governor's instructions and queries, 

the Rev. Spangenberg w.oic tin; following answer; 

liethlehem, June 26, 1 756. 

May it please your Honor 

Having been iVom home when Newcastle came to 

Bethlehem, and your Iloaor's letter tome, my Brethren 

have taken care to see your orders obeyed, as far as lay 

ill their power. 

What hath been spolcen and done with Newcastle 

before he set otf from Ikthlehem, your Honor will see 

out of the eiiclosed accotnit, dated June 15. 

Since thut time he came back, and brought with him 

Jo. Pepy and Nicodemus and their families, the list 

whereof your H(;iior will see laid by in the close of this 

letter. 

Yesterday he (Nc:v/'*;iytle) desired to know your 

Honor's furlher ijvd.;r, whi^h was dehvered unto hiat 

•Pov. U'.i., O. ICO- 2. 

:

100 llIsTOIIV OP NORTHAMPTON COUNTY. i 

. 

accordingly, out of your Honor's letter, as will appr; 

| 

by record, dated '^.5tli and 2tith June. i 

Now to tell your Honor tlie truth, I don't beiicve ihuii 

either Jo Pepy or Nicodemus and their families can st;iy| 

We have been obliged to put people

\ 

I some I, 

P' 

' Tiie 

\l^- 

HISTORY CF ^f07^TtIAM^»T0N COUNTY. 101 

Joseph Pepy, WcwiilalDilenl ; 

Sarah, Natehetechque, 

(his wife.) Their children—James Petesch, Isaac, Sa- 

nih, Jesaias Gonasseiioolv, INletts'hisli. 

Nicudemiis, Weshicl.ngechive ; Justiiia, Saagochque. 

7'Ae/r children—Zacharias, Petachtshowechive ; 

Cliris- 

liaii Pulloky, Nalliau Woupris, Thomas Potshalagee5>, 

(fOshutis, Dorathe;i. 

Substance of whai vjn:. said to the Indians at Bethlehem, 

June 15, 17.3() : 

Indians, viz: iNuwoastle, Jagrea, John Pomshire, 

Thomas Stores and Jo:;eph Milciiy, being togetlier, and 

of tiie Brethren al Bethlehem present, William 

Edmonds asked the Captain abont the interpreter, and 

John Pomshire was ap[iointed thereto. Then William 

Edmonds informed them from tlie Governor's letter, 

tiiat by a letter from Mr. Charles Reed, of the Jerseys, 

he had intelligence that some white people were gone 

from Iâiilin's llill, in the Jerseys, to scom after and 

ikialp the Indians, and tlarefore he desired out of love 

and care lor the safety of these Indian messengers, we 

would keep them here so long, till we 'could send| mciiengers 

thither to enqtine into the certainty thereof, and 

whither they were returned, and if they had killed and 

done any Indians mischief; and that two messengers 

were sent from here accordingly, with letters to Mr. 

Parsons and Justice Anderson, clesiring them to assist 

them all they could on their journey. Further, that since 

the said messengers were gone, the Governor hath been 

pleased to let us know by an express, that he hath been 

I iiitormed by Col. Clai>ham, that Ogaghradarisha, a chief 

I of the Six Nations, was t;ome to Shamokin, expressnig 

R their high satisfaction at our building a fort at Shamo- 

|l kin, and that another Indian of Cayuga had accom- 

\ panied him as far as Dialioga, and had been afraid of 

going on, thuugh lie might have come safe widi Ogagh- 

,/ 

I radarisha. 

It was on this acc.Hini the Governor's desire that 

Newcastle and his company might proceed on their 

journey for Diahoga, as soon as possible. On this Newcastle 

,, plied, that lie v/ould consult with his com-

11 

102 UISTOUy O'/ NORTHAMPTON COUNTT. (, [ 

panions, and lot us know his mind to-morrow moniiiig, " The next morning iie said, that as it was so dangerous 

j 

now to go up, by reason ot' the Jersey parties wiio wnre 

1 

gone out against die Indians, and his cousins vvêro ready | 

. 

to go with him step by step on this important at!;'.ir, he 

' 

t 

should be short in duly, and always to blame, i( he should 

proceed widioul first acquainting the Governor Ihnt snid 

young men were gone, according to report we had by the 

f I 

| 

i , 

messengers sent lo Jersey, especially if they shonid mw.\ < 

^ 

with his co'.isins, and do ihem mischief. I 

At the same time, he dt;sired that liis companions \\ 

might have what they wanted lor their journey; und 

was told, thereupon, that the Governor liad given orders 

y!''. 

for it, and that wj. would not fad to let them havi: every Ji 

thing that could Ih; got here. i 

WM. EDMONDS. f 

t. i t '.; 

Substance of what was delivered to Capt. New ca silt 1 

^ 

at Bethlehem, June 26, 1756: 

At a solemn meeting with Capt. Newcastle aiullua 

|^ 

v 

company, and .hi. IV'py? ^'^^ 

Pirst—A string of wampum was presented io Jo. 

Pepy, that he a)id company were welcome among i;s. 

i*i 

f| 

' 

They then were told, that Ins Honor the Governor, liad i 

given orders to provide them the necessary relreshineuts '•' 

&c., and that he wants to know what ]iersons and fami- | 

lies are come, and what families are still at Diahogn, thiit 

' perhaps might come among us. % 

The taking of a copy of the Governor's proclai nation 

J 

for suspending all actions of hostilities, &c., with thcni, ^ 

was recommended, and we found they had one. 

The Governor's pass was read, exi)lained, and tlicii ^' 

delivered to them. They were spoken to abont the '^ 

Hag, it being the king's, which by no means shcudd lo k 

violated, Diid great care thereof was recoauncnded to l\ 

them. 

^' 

Tlic additional uiessnge sent by the GoveriMr, was ;* 

read and interpreted to Newcastle, and two strings be- / 

longing to il delivered to him, and the writing itself also, 

f' 

ili;it lie may peruse it whenever occasion requires,. i • 

1. 

j- 

|*'

I HISTORF or KOnXIIAMPTON COUNTY. 103 

'• The building of a fort at Shamokin, and the great 

necessity for it, was strongly represented to Newcastle, 

iz : That the Five Nations liad pressed it very nmch, 

and Scarroyady urged also very much the finishing of 

it when he was at Philadelj)hia, and this matter must be 

represented in iis real light to the Indians at Diahoga. 

It is for the safety of cur friendly Indians along the Sus- 

- 

quehanna. 

They were told fnithcr, that Ogaghradarisha was a; 

Shamokin, and voiy glad '.if the fort which they are 

building there. That he was c died by the (Jovernor to 

Philadelphia, and would lujt he detained longer than 

needful. Newcastle Mâs desired to relate tliis to the 

Indians at Dialioga. 

Newcastle was also iiiloriucd that it would be agreea 

ble to the Governor's mind, if one or two of those Indians, 

who lately cairie Iroui Diahoga, should go along 

with him. Newcastlcj's joiu-ney was urged that it 

might not ho delayed ; and lie promised to go as soon at; 

his health would jêrmit ; he being as yet a little indisposed 

by reason of sui,.o buils. 

A siring of wami)inji was sent to .Fohn Shickcalamy. 

signifying that the (iovcrnor invites him to come to him, 

and if jiossible, in company with Capt. Newcastle. 

At last a string of WL'irjpum was delivered to New 

castle, whicli is sent by tlie Governor to the Iriendly In- 

dians, signhymg that as Sir William Johnson hath invited 

the Six Nations, and all the wesli:rn Indians to Oswego, 

it was left entirely to (heir own choice, either to go to 

the treaty at Osvvêgo, or come (o the Governor at Philadelphia—Sir 

William and the (iovernor being of one 

and the same interest, lioth friends to the Indians, and 

servants to the same king. 

After we weic just going (o break up, Jo. Pepy declared 

openly in the Delaware language, which was 

interpr ted by Pomps! liio, diat he was very sorry tljat 

he had taken such a mis-.st;p, as to leave liis English 

Brethren, when he should have come nearer to them. 

He s;iid further, that he :,ince then had been excessiv*:- 

ly t' iviuied in mind about it, and not being able to Yivl

104 Hi;sroRi' ov Northampton' county. I! 

any longer under such oppixission and uneasiness of < 

mind, he at ifist rosoived and ventured his lite, and so 

returned v/ilh all his i'amily to the English again. Now . 

he hegs very much to be forgiven, and sin-renders liiui- 

^ 

\ ^ 

self entirely to the mercy of tlie government, to do v/iti; i , 

!nm as they pleased. 

He further said, that he knew ten or twelve tariiilioi, 

j 

;' 

, 

which would I'e glad to come down again lo dic , 

English, but he did not think proper to acquaint tfoni ei | ^ 

his resohuioii, \d\

HISTORY OF NORTHAMPTON COUNTT. 10,J 

two days for your Ilunor's answer, by which time I 

hope this express will return. 

. We 

labor under much diOicuIty on account of these 

Indians wanting their guns repaired, and to have some 

powder and leaU, v/hicli we cannot ])y any measure do, 

unless we have year Honor's express conniiand for ii. 

If it be your pleasure it shall be done or not, please to 

signify it, as year Honor's conniiand shall be strictly 

obeyed. I beg ieavc to observe Kolapecka, Paxinosa's 

son, seems very desirous to carry, according lo the Indian 

way of speakiiit?, some words from your Honor to hii 

father. 

I am, with all due respect, 

'i ^ Your Honor's most obedient 

Humble servant, 

TIMO. HORSEFIELI).^ 

; (0Â paper enclosr I in the foregoing letter. 

Ihtldchem, July (i, 1756. 

Last night, in the dark of the evening, arrived a 

Bethlehem, fom- Indians fiom Diahoga, widi a convoy 

from fort Allen, and a letter from Newcastle, which i.enclosed. 

As Newcastle desired tliat kmdness might 

be shown them, they \êre cheerfully received anil en- 

tertained. 

This morning they were visited, and told at the sann 

time that a messenger should ho sent to the Governor, 

and therefore they should let us know what they had ti'say 

to the Governor. Kolapecha, Packsinosa's son, n 

Shawanese, answered lo this effect :—He did not couk 

from Diahoga with an intent to go to Bethlehem, hUt 

was out a hunting, his family being scarce of provision::. 

That Shekashano, Mekikachpe and VV'enimah, all 

Shawanese, now of Diaiioga, and formerly of Wyomink, 

in liis coni])any—ihutnct being sent by tlie chiefs, he had 

no message to the Governor, nor could he tell us any 

news. So miiel;,. however, he knew— ihat mne natioM':; 

•i^ v. Uec, 0. 179.

106 illSTOK\' OF NOUTIIAMPTON COUNTr. ; 

were in the Cnylish interest, viz: The Shawanf^sc, 

Tasaiiiiig, Nuniicokes, Tuscaroras, Tuttelars, Onoiidii- : 

goes, Cayuîis, Sunkikmun and (ianossetage. And he ; i 

said I am sure ll»ey are all friends to the English. i5eing 

asked ahoul the Dclawarcs, liis answer was: Al;out 

• 

i 

: 

! 

ihem I can s ry nothing. 

About Ins l.iihii;- he told lis, that he was gone wuli 

another clu^l, (,i' the iMennisink nation, whose name is 

Onandaniiikiii, u- meet Sir Wm. Johnson at tlie enincil 

. 

, 

\ 

; 

; 

| 

with the Indian-; at Onandago. 

Tiien h( .; ;;s a,!, -d ;dH)Ut Ihe Alleghany Indians, wiili 

\ ] 

> 

J, 

an intent lo joni them and to lall upon the English, ^^\ 

whether \ui had heard any thing of it. He said h.^ ;* 

knew that ôme 

>. ere gv)ne there from Diahoga, In! for ', : 

what end 1 do nU know. I could not hnd out. 

Paxinosi's siî, told the lirelhren that if they hadan^ 

message to his lidlier, he would bring their words unto 

I 

^ 

him. Hereupon iie was told that the Brethren .verc 

^ 

private persons, ,,iu\ that it would be better he staid lor 

\ ^ 

(he Governor's words. lie said I can't stay long, (or 

J 

my iiumlv is in want. I will however stay a ennpl. 

of days, and should be glad to take up some Wr'ids tu 

my lather. 

He was told that as he wanted to bring down liiii 

family, he should l:e heli)ed with some ])rovision3,* 

The silnaiion .>i Ihe i)eople at Helhlehem, became 

still more id.irnn ig. At ihiscritical juncture, Mr. Horsej; 

fV 

*^ 

|': 

y^ 

l» 

field addressed (iovcrnor Morris in the following Ian- ^ 

guage 

: 

I 

Jiethkhe7n,Julyl, 175G. | 

May it ph'AKC. your Honor: ( 

I thmk it my duly to acquaint your Honor witii die g 

great danger 'v herein we apprehend not only the 1 

Brethren :.t BeiMebem and their fannlies, but ail llie 1 

country rânul about us, are in at present. 

^j 

Yoii'r 11 .nor ba.s n vited the friendly Indians, by laipi. 

| 

Newcasli'. , lo conie into this province, with a promise ^» 

that (bey should be kindly received and enUitained. W 

Your Honor h.s given out a proclauialion at li.'; ânic i| 

-Pov. ii:. 

,^

»- 

HISTORY OF ;\OftTnAMPTON COUNTY. . 

107 

time,that the Indians corning into Pennsylvania should be 

received as friends, -owl not tnâled as enemies (ill the 

third of July, a. c. Now Capt. Newcastle sends Indians 

to liethleheni, of whom we are not sure whether they 

are friends or enennes ; and we may expect more are 

coining. And who knows iiow many may come with 

them under the pretence of being friends ; therefore 

•give it your Honor's wise consideration. 

1st, Whether wicked peojile that are bitter against 

the Indians, cainioi ;iiid muy n(^t fall upon Ihem and destroy 

them, the ii|(Miani;',li(ji, being expired. 

2iid. Whether ilic Indians wlio come under pretence 

of being friends, as they have not engaged a cessation 

of arms, and as tlicy anually do keep their arms, may 

not fall, not only upon uj in Bethlehem, but also upon 

all the country, anti do a great deal of mischief. 

Your Honor will please consider that eitlier of the be- 

fore mentioned things Ctu prove fatal and destructive to 

the province, and his Majesty's most dutiful suhjtM'ts. 

It is therefore thatlW', Hrethien from InMhleliem, viz : 

NiUhan Seidel and ('hrisii:in Thos. lU'n/.ier, arc appointed 

to go in the name ol' all the inhahilants of Helhlchem, 

to represent this aljairin its proj)er light, to ymn- Honor; 

and they do iiope that your Honor will not exj)ose them 

like sheep to the mouths of the wolves; but send sucli 

orders to theconniiaiuling oilicers at Fort Allen, &c., &e., 

that they may either laej) tlie Indians arriving at any 

of the forts, or eonducl tliem under proper convoy to 

Philadelphia, or where your Honor thiidvs most proper 

and let us know yoiu' pleasure, whether these Indians 

that came lately to Helhlehem, viz: Re[)c Nicodemus, 

&c., should not come to Philadelphia or any other place, 

Bethlehem being already so full and so crowded, thalin 

most of our rooms we have been I'orced to lodge twenty 

or twenty-fivi! porsun.s, antl s.jvenly of our Indians to 

have lived all (he v'/inter m a small house, where they 

had but two rootno. 

I am your Hoiûr's most 

*l'-jv Kec, 0. i81. 

Obodibiit and lmml)le servatit, 

TIMO. HUIiS INFIELD.' 

;

108 iCSrOi'./ 01' NOKTflAMPTON COUNTS. 

[^Gtter [rem (iovonior Morris to W. Parsons. 

Philadelphia, July 11, 17jliould not be so j.iendly as they pretend. 

The charges ailending this service, you draw lilli; 

upon the conmusîoners for, sending tliem the necesMuy 

accounts; and yi ii will inform me i'rom tune tu lime, 

what is done in conse(iuence of these orders. 

I a.m, your very 

Humble servant, 

iioirr. II. MORRIS,' 

Notwilh.staudin/ the Governor's orders to make preparations 

lo remove the Indians from Bethlehem le 

Easton, there were still a considerable nmnber ul die 

former place, annuig the Brelhren, as will appeal l.on'. 

the following stahnienl : 

The Governor menlioned to the" council, December 

0, 175G,thaiat his instance, Mr. S])angenberg had made 

out a list u'f tb'; Muruvian Brethren belonging lo die 

Jiethlehem l'L;oiieiny, and a state of their society in o.her 

parts of Anieri, en wbieii was read ; and it appeal luj by 

'Mr. .Spangenl:(!ig's account, that at this time (Decembn 

175G) there are at Ikthleljem Jive hundred and leu

HISTORY OF NORTH AMP]"ON COUNTY. 105.) 

perso7is, besides niîely-^îx children, some orphans and 

others, helongingto some Brcihicn.und Iriends, wlio are 

not of the Beihlehem Economy. 

That Bethlehem mokos oui a eorlain Rehgious Society, 

intended I'or tlie I'urtlierancc of the Gospel, as well 

among the heathens as thri.stiaiis. Forty-eight of the 

above mentioned Iheiluon and Sisters are actually employed 

for that end among the iieathens, not only on the 

continent of America, as Pemisylvania, New England, 

Barbice, Surinam, &.c. : but also m several Islands, as St. 

Thomas, Croix, Jamaica, «S:c. 

' 

Besides those moiiiioncJ just now, there are fifty-foia 

of them employed in Pennsylvania, New York, New 

f England, Jersey and Carolina govermnents, in preaching 

the Gospel, keeping schools and the like. Sixty-two ol' 

them are merely employed in the education of our children 

at Bethlehem and Nazareth, as attendants and tutors. 

Forty-tivc single men, and eight couples of mar- 

ried people are gone to Carolina, to make a new settlement 

there, and liliy nhîe who are come for tiiat end 

from Europe, will go there soon. 

There are seventy-two of tht; above mentioned Brethren 

hi holy orders, viz : Four Bishops, twelve Ordina- 

ries, (Priests) and the rest Deacons, and as many t.ôo/icthi, 

who are preparing for the ministry in the congregation, 

and now and ihen made use of like Deacons. 

About ninety of the ctnldren at Bethleliem and ?4aza- 

reth, have their parents abroad, mostly on tlie Gosper."- 

account. Four hundred and twenty-hve of those in tiu. 

Ibregoing fist are under age. Not all who are named 

in this catalogue, live in Bethlehem township, but sonu 

m Sacona, some in Licky, and some in another tounsliip, 

adjoining BethlehcLii township. 

There are eighty-two Indians besides those young Indian 

women, who live v.'ith (Air young women, and 

besides the savagCd^ who are going and coining, and 

staying longer or shorter with us.* 

'Provincial Uecoru^,!*. pa. iOS.

,; ;; CHAPTER IX. 

* LEHIGH COUNTY. 

Leiikmt County was separated from Northnnpic;. 

county Ly an act of Assembly passed the 6\h Marcii 

1812. The ; ct defines the boinidariesas follows: 

" That all that part of Northampton county, lying ai' 1 

being widiin liic limits of the following townsiiips, m 

wit: The townships of Lynn, Ileidleburg, J.owiiili 

Weissenliurg, Maeungie, Upper MiKord, South While- 

hail, Northampion, Salis])ury, Ujiper Sancon, aid di;ii. 

part of liano'v'^ I' township 

within the following bonruls 

to wit: IJegiimiiig at liclldehem line where it jeins iIk- 

Leliigh river ; thenec; along the said line imtil it iiitci-sec!,') 

tho road leading iroin i5edileheni to the Jêhigh Water 

Gap; thence a'ong said road to Allen townshij) line. 

thence along tii>' hue of Allen township, wesUvr.rdiy, 1 

the Lehigh, sIklU 1)c, and the same are iiereby, acc.jrdi)\ 

to their present lines, declared to be erected into a i 

county, heneeforthlo be called LEnrcu." j 

'i'his county is bounded on the nort-west by the Kiii.»- ] 

tinny, oi l)lue mouutains, separating it from Sciiuylkill \ 

and Carbon counties, north-east by JNorthampton, south- | 

east by Bucks, and south-west by Montgomery ansl : 

Berks counties. The physical appearance of the country j 

is diversided. The surlace is generally level, ui .'•on:r ; 

places rolling, in others rugged and somewliat broken. 

The lofty Kittatinny on the north, gives that portion iii 

] 

' 

peculiar features. Tlie Lecha Hill, or vSouth mciintain ; 

crosses tlie south-east i)ortion of the county, which gives 

tlie couuiiy a rugged surlace. This mountain range iy • 

of priminy formation, abounding with iron ore. Be- 

tween the South and lilue mountains, is the fc:itile Kit- ; 

tulinny valley, perhaps unsurpassed in agricnkurd ; 

wealth, being liighly cidtivuted by au industrious cluss j 

1 

' 

' 

3 

i 

I

I 

f 

' whose 

HISl-ORY OV LEHIGH COUNTY. Ill 

of our worthy fuilow citizens, Germans by descent, 

habits ot' iiidiUitry and (Vugalily they retain. 

Perhaps (cw couiitir:-; in the slate, are more picturesque 

and varied than Leliigh. The valley portion of 

the county is ne uly .-(jnally divided between the lime- 

stone and clay slate forinatiou. 

"The most iniportatit productions are those of agriculture. 

In a feriiie region like tiiis, an industrious popu- 

\ iation naturally looks to the tillage of the soil, us their 

ji surest dependence! for support an(J profit. Considerable 

' progress 

, 

has, ho\v':;ver, l.'oen made in many branches of 

manufacturing in:lr;sli'y, and the devclopunieni of the 

mineral resources o( Ihc country has not been neglected. 

The iron ore of this region supplies material for the 

operation of sevciral AiriKues, viz: Tlie Crane Iron 

Works, Stephen IJallici'.s Furnace, Hunter's & Miller'a 

Furnace, and Ibach's I'orge. The Crane \\'orks, of a 

very iage size, are conslrucicid expressly to smelt iron 

with anthracite coal, by means of tlie hot blast. 

The county is well watered by the Lehigh river and 

its numerous tributaii', s, viz: Antelauiiy.

112 IlIi'JOKY OF LEHIGH COUNTY. |^ 

west side^ Quauukc creek, Nesqnehoning, Mauch CliunL, '. 

JMalioniiig and Lizard creeks; I'rorn the east,]Jear creek, 

Big creek, formed of lloed's creek, Poko-po-poko, '- 

Aquaijsliicola ; 

" from Lehigh comity, Trout creek, Jordan 

1 p; 

^- 

nrsTOUY OF lehigh county. 113 

^' porting produce and merchandize, as well as consid- 

^> «rable liome tniulvct. liy this iiiivigation a surplus of 

provisions, iioiir, hay, &ic., is c iriicd to Mauch Chunk, 

" 

and to the tinih

Ill HISTOUY OP LEHiair COUNTY. 

lands, which succuod in view, on the eastern baulc t 

Ascending the easlorn height, the traveUer i^; am- j 

jily rewarded i'or the exertion ol' cUnibing from rock to 

rock, hi scaling the pine covered side of the nionntain. 1 

by the ricli and extensive prospect which the eye- ^ 

then coiiiniahtls. At his feet roll the waters of tlie 

tnajestic siieaiu—on the opposite side is a towtiing 

ridge, near tin; •sumniit of whicli appears, right oppo- J 

site, enieigiiig uom the surrounding woods, a iuncly 

pileofrock'j, whimsically called, '"yj/e Teufel's Kojv I 

ze/," i. c. 

•'• 

T/ie. Dcoil's Pulpit'' which indigtuuitiy 

sutlers but a few bUuicd pines to shade its sullen Luow.. 

At a distance an extensive country, variegated with 

woods and farms, watered by the nieanderiiig Lehigh, 

and ridgo retiring behind ridge, till lost in the faint 

tints of the iiorizon, all bursts upon the sight, and fill 

the mind with sublime ideas of the greatness of dm 

Creator. The shattered rocks, thrown together in wild 

confusion, and the strata of rouiuled stones, which \ 

are to be met with in passing through the Ciap, have 

given rise to the supposition that the Lehigh, b-diig 

obstructed in w^ course by the lilue mountain, was 

j 

formerly daimiied up into a lake, which at ieiiglli I 

bursting the b;irrier, formed the chasm now called the j 

Lehigh Gap. The learned have not agreed, as yet, \ 

in the decision of this mooted point. \ 

A learned Wiitersays: "It m common lo ^pcak 

of such passes as being formed by the rivers, which 

are often supposed to have burst their barriers, and '" 

thus to have shaped their own channels. This may 1 

have happeneu in some peculiar cases, and tlieri; arc \ 

doubtles many instcUices where the lakes, of which \ 

many must have been left at the retiring both of the ;' 

primeval and of the diluvial ocean, have worii or \ 

burst away their barriers, especially when compojjcd, 

| 

as they mxxsi o'.icn have been, of loose mat. .rials. \ 

Jkit with respect to most rocky passes of rivery \ 

through mountains, there appears no reason what- » 

ever to believe that the waters have torn asbundcr i 

the solid strata. A uiore resistleas energy nm^t 1 

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HlSlOnk' CF LEHIGH COVHTY. 115 

have been requisite tor such an elfect •, and 

we must 

therefore conclude that the rivers have, in most instances, 

merely ilov/od on through the lowest and 

least obstructed passiiges. Then- channels they liave 

^doubtless deepened and moditied, ol'ten to an ustonisiihig 

dergree but they have rarely formed them 

through solid rock.-,/' Sllliman. 

Tlie county is conveniently intersected by good 

roads—the streams are readily crossed by substantial 

bridges. The county is well supplied with mills. 

There are about seventy grist mills, tifty saw milLs 

seven oil mills, six wooleii factories, and several full- 

ing mills, three pov/der mills and one paper mill in 

the county, besides thirty tanneries, 

The county is divided into the following townships, 

whicii are fully described hi tiie sequel, viz : Hanover, 

Heidelberg, Low Hill, Linn, Lo\ven,Macunjy, Northampton, 

North Whitehall, Salisbury, Soutli Whitehall, 

Upper Milford, LTppcr JNlacunjy, Upper Saucon 

and Weissenberg. 

The population of this county was, in 1820, 17,175 ; 

in 1830, 22,2t)tj; hi 18 10, x!5,787. 

The first court lield in the county met in the public 

house, now kept by JVIr. Craig, then kept by Mr. 

George Savitz, The court house was erected in 

1814. The jail had been previously built. The following 

is an extract ivom the public records: 

At a Court of General Quarter Sessions of the 

Peace, began and held at the borough of Northampton, 

for the county of Lehigh, on the 21st day of 

December, betore the Hon. Robert, President, and 

the Hon. Peter Rhctads and Jonas Hartzell, Esq., 

Associate Judges of the said Court. At the November 

term, 1813. 

November 30. Cornt met at tlie house of George 

Savitz, and adjourned from thence to meet in the 

upper story of the comiiy prison, prepared by the 

commissioners for holding the courts of tlie county oi 

Lehii.h, until the court house be erected.

116 uisroiir ov lbhioh couktt. 

Grand Juror.i. Jacob Newhard, ?>x.j foreman , 

Zacharias Long, Casper Moyer, George Brush, Philip 

Kleckner, Andrew Eisenlieart, Jonathan KnaUKS, 

George Yeahlc, John Gronier, John Bergenstock, John I 

Jerret, Gocrgc Wenner, Adam Snigmaster, Daniel 

Trexall, Frederick IJyneman, George Fussing, A'nraham 

Diehl. 

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Lehigh liavini^^ been part of Northampton county, < 

its early liistoiy is merged with that olthe county from I 

which it has been formed. In 179«-'99, scenes of> 

\ 

curred of i.o ordinary degree, a principal part of v. hich I 

transpired in thi.s eounty. I 

Shortly after the election of John Adams, several I 

acts were passed by Congress, which were obno;:ious I 

to a portion ot tiie j)eople of East Pennsylvania, ;r ^ 

consequence of whicli, lierks, Bucks and Northanip- 

\ 

ton, presented sc( lies of exxitemcnl. In Nortlmmplon, i 

a party headed by one Fries, resisted attempts fy | 

the federal government to collect a direct tax~^Md\ \ 

known by the name of 'Uhe house tux.'' Jcnn j 

Fries, a desperado, and his associates, not only r^sia' \ 

ted the assessors, but m hot pursuit chased them I'rom \ 

township to township. Ii is said there were parties \ 

of them—fifty and sixty in number—most of ti'em 

| 

well armed. Fries himself was armed with a large 

j 

horse pistol, ' 

ami accompanied by one Kuyder, who 

assisted him in command. They seized ueveral ars j 

sessors. 

In some parts of the counties named, in demons! r

HISTORY OP LEHIGH fcOTJNTT. Il7 

own premises, which they cut, without meeting any 

resistarjce. 

To give undoubted proof of their daring bravery, 

they brandished their damascene weapons—drew 

pistols, to show that they were armed, in the house 

of tlie inoflensive fatiier, whose minor children were 

scared " half to death/' at the marshal manceuvers of 

the Lancaster troops. 

To let no time slip, and while they were undaunted, 

they proceeded from Gosin's to the iiouse of 

John Strohecker, whither tliuir eagle eyes were drawn 

by a recently erected pole, tipped with a rag, " ihipping 

in the breeze." This pole, to show the independence 

of some sturdy urchins, had been erected 

by some children, in which Strohecker's were ring- 

leaders. To deter these young heroes, the solders 

took down the pole, stripped it of its insignia—entered 

tlie house where they found the little wights—and as 

they did at Gosin's, so did they here—brandished 

weapons of war—preseiUed i)istols and swords to the 

youthful company, to no small alarm of both parents 

and children ! ! 

To consunmiate their martial plans and designs, 

they molested the house of Jacob Epler—maltreated 

him unprovokedly. Like bravos ever merit-these 

merited the contempt of all reflecting persons—rendering 

themselves obnoxious to the orderly and well 

disposed among all classes. 

Satisfied of having rendered their country some 

service, the troo]) next morning started for Northampton, 

to fully execute tlie speciiic purpose of their mission. 

This done, they again returned by way of 

Reading, where they entered the o/fice of the 

«*4?of/er," a paper edited and printed Ijy Jacob 

Schneider, whom they rudely denuded, by violently 

tearing his clothes Irom his body, in a somewhat inclement 

season, and by force of arms, dragged him 

before the commanding cai)tain, who peremptorily 

ordered the editor, for writing and piinting some of 

fen :i articles, to be whipped ; " Twenty-five lashes,"

118 lilSroHY OP LEHIG^ COUNTy. 

said he, ' sluill be well laid on his denuded back, ia ihc 

market house"—wliich order was, liowever, not ex- ! 

ecuted, because ol' the timely and manly interposition : 

of some s;cnthmen of Captain Leiper's company, of ; 

Philadoli)hia. A few lashes, however, had been iiv ! 

flicted fiounc these men had time to fully intcr]'0S(;— ] 

these were laid on by one accustomed to Ijeat, whei> \ 

Httle resistance is to be dreaded—he wasadrnnrnicr ! > 

Colonel Eplor, who it ai)pears, had by this rime \ 

erected, by the assistance of his neighbors, a Uhtrtit , 

"jmh in place of the pole erected by his childiCh— \ 

Jhither ilie soldiery resorted, where they attemj'ted to 

compel a common laborer to cut down the ''off;.n- 

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sive wood," notwithstanding that ho i)r(jtested against 1 

doing so, at the same time, on most solenm asseveralions, 

declaring he was also a federalist—Ich bin audi 

; 

ein Federalihr liebe lêiU ; das bin. Ja ich auch ein | 

Federal 

! 

t They succeeded in divesting the pole, and wuh \\ 

appended as a iroi>!iy, they rode, vocii'erating as they 

went through i!ie streets of Reading, to their pla>M' ni \ 

quarters. In a lew days they left ; but on the 'lîxV \ 

of April, an army, mider the coimnand of lirigidier i 

General McPh u'son, arrived at Reading, api)rL'heikling 

some of tlie insurrectionists, who were afterward-. 

* 

tried before Jiidge Peters—some ibund guilty- -some \ 

were fmed and imprisoned—some were condemned i 

to be capitally i)uiuslied, but none attoned with iheif 

lives—they were pardoned through executive clem- > 

cncy 

! 

The following extracts are taken from the reiôn \ 

of the trial of John Fries, and others, for treason : 

A grand Jury was empanelled, consisting of die 

following gentlemen, namely : J. Ross, Joseph Paricefi , 

Robert Ralston, John Perat, Daniel Smith, Edwa)d 

Pennington, Benjannn W. Morris, John Craig, Di^vid 

} 

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H. Conyugham, Gideon Hill Wells, Wm. Mojit- i 

gpinery, Philip Nicklin, Thos. M. Willing, Samniî 

Coates, T. C. Fisher, William Puck ley. A true bili 

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Kisror.y of ikhigh county. 119 

May 15, IT&y. iMi, Setgreaves, of Easton, opened 

the triul un the part of the United States. The following 

are extracts from his speech: 

'' It will appear, gontlemen, from the testimony 

-which will be prjsei.ted to yoii,tliat during the latter 

months of the year 1798, discords prevailed to an 

enormous extent throughout a large portion of the 

counties of Bucks, Northampton, and JNIontgoinery ; 

and that consiLicrablc difficulties attended the assessors 

for the direct tax, m the execution of their 

duties tiiat in sei^'.;ial tov/nyhips associations of the 

people wove aciu lily iornied in order to prevent the 

persons charged willi die execution of these laws of 

the United Status, iixuu performing their duty, and 

more particularly lo pn^vent the assessors Irom 

measuring their housrs. This opposition was made 

at many public township meetings, called for the purpose. 

In many instances resolutions in writing were 

entered into, solemnly forewarning the officers, and 

many times acconr[)aiiied with threats. Not only so, 

but discoiitimts prevaiu-d to such a height, that even 

tiie Iriends of the iiuV' rmiKiit in that |)art were completely 

su[)pressed ly menacvs against any who 

should assist those olHcers in their duty ; repeated 

declarations were nuaio, both at public as well as at 

private meetings, that if any ])erson should be arrested 

by the civil audurrily, such arrest would be followed 

by the rising of the puople, in opposition to that authority, 

for the purpose of rescuing such prisoners 

indefatigable pains were taken, by those charged 

with the execution ol' the laws, to calm the fears and 

remove the misapprel tensions of the infatuated people 

; for this purpose they read and explained the 

law to them, and informed them that they were mis- 

led into the idea that the law was no!, actually in 

force, for that ii urUially was; at the same time 

warning them ufUie '/oiisfipiences which would tlow 

from opposiiion ; and this was accompanied with 

promises thai even their most capricious wishes would 

be .: aified on their oDedience. The favor was ic 

;

120 iriSTOUV OP LEUIGH COUNTY. 

many instances granted, that where any opposKiuu 

was made )o any certain person executing the otlice 

of assessor, another should be substituted. In some 

townshij'S ])roposals were made lor people to choose i 

for themselves; but, notwithstanding this accommo- | 

' 

dating oli'or, the opposition continued. The consequences 

were, actual opposition and resistance ; in 

j 

some parts violence was actually used, and the asses- 

sors were taken and imprisoned by armed parties, 1 

and in olher parts mobs assembled to compel rli-m' ! 

either to deliver up their papers or to resign (heir \ 

commissions ; ihiit in some instances ihuy uêrc 

j 

tlireatened with bodily harm, so that in those parts | 

the obnoxious law remained unexecuted in conse- ' 

(pience. The state of insurrection and rebellion hod 1 

arisen to such a lieight, it bec.tme necessary to com- 1 

pel the execution of the laws, and warrants were in 

consequence issued against certain persons and served 

upon them; in some instances, during the execution < 

of that duty, the marshal met with insult and almost 1 

with violence; having, however, got nearly the whole 

j 

of the warrants served, he appointed head-quarters | 

for these prisoners to rendezvous at IJethlehem, 

j 

where some of them were to enter bail for their ap-* 1 

pearance in the city, and others were to come to the l 

city in custody for trial. f 

" On the day thus appointed for the prisoners to 1 

meet, and when a number ot them had actually as- j 

sembled, agreeably to appointment, a number of p-ir- 

« 

ties in arms, both horse and foot, more than a huii- > 

dred men, accoutered willi all their military apparatus, } 

commanded in s^nne inslances by their proper oilicers,' 

» 

marched to Bethlehem, collected before the house iri 

J 

which were the maishal and prisoners, whom they | 

demanded to be delivered up to them, and in cense- \ 

quence of refusaf they proceeded to act very little i 

short ol acti!a( hostility ; so that the marslial ^ 

dt.-med 

It prudent to accede 10 their demands,and the prisonei^ 

were liberat-MJ. 

" This, genllciuen, l^ the general history - of th^ iv \ 

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HiSTORiT ov li:l;higu county. 121 

isurrection. I shall now state to you the part which 

the unfortunate prisoner at the har took in those hostile 

transactions. ']'hf; prisoner is an inhabitant of 

I 

i f Lower Millbrd, Bucks county. Some time in Feb- 

ruary last, a pu])lic meeting was held at the house of 

one John Kline, in that township, to consider tiiis 

house tax ; at tlial meeting certain resolutions were 

entered into and a paper signed (we have endeavored 

; 

to trace this paper so as to produce it to the court and 

jury, but have failed.) This paper was signed by 

fifty-two persons, and committed to the hands of one 

of their number, .lohn Fries was piescnt at thi.H 

meeting, and assisted in drawing up the paper, at 

which time his expressions against this law were extremely 

violent, and he threalened to shoot one of the 

assessors, Mr, Foulke, through the legs, il' he proceeded 

to assess the houses ; again the prisoner at a vendue 

threatened another of the assessors, Mr. S. Clarke, 

that it' he attemi)ied to go on with the assessment, he 

should be committed to an old stable and there fed 

on rotten corn. The assessor in Lower Millbrd was 

intimidated so as to (U dine making the assessments, 

and the principal assessors, together wjth three other 

assessors, were obliged to go into that township lo 

execute the law. At the house of Mr. Jacob Fries, ^ 

on the 5th March, Mr. Chapman, the assessor, met 

with the prisoner, who declared his determination 

not to submit, but to oppose the law, and that by 

next morning he could raise seven hundred men in 

o])position to it." 

[Fries and his partisans continued to follow and 

persecute several of tlic assessors, chasing them from 

town.ship to township, in parties of fifty or sixty, most 

of whom were in arms, with drum and file. Fries 

was armed with a large hor.se pistol, and accompanied 

by one Kuyder, who assislcd him in command. 'I'hus 

equipped they went to Quakertown, seized two assessors, 

and attempted to tire at another who ran 

away, but tiio fire-arm did not go oil". They ex 

amin-:! the papers of ihe assessors, and exacted ix

122 HISTORY OF I.EHlGn COUNTY. K 

promise that they slioald not proceed in the valuatioiT % 

of the houses in Lower Millbrd. They ahusad a 1 

traveller who had the iudepeudeiice to stand up for ^' 

the governiue.U. At Quakertown, learning that (he 

marshal had fallen a mnnher of prisoners, they re- 

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\i 

HKnTORY OF LEHIGH COUNTY. 123 

out on this expedition, that he had had a skirmish the 

day before, and if the prisoners were not released he 

should have an

124 n.\:,rohY op LEiiran countt. 1 

sliips, 10 oppositioii. History does not state to wimi \ 

sect he nelongod, but tlie testimony would seem to 

show that lie strongly favored the "church militant " 

One of the assessors testified that while on hu \ 

round oi duty ni Chestnut Hill township, " the prison-r 

' 

(Eyennan) came in and began to rip out in a violent 

manner agamsi this taxation, saying timt Con-reas I 

Had made laiv^s which were unjust, and the people 1 

need not take up with them ; if they did, all kinds o[ \ 

laws woaid follow ; but if they would not put up with i 

this, ihey need not with those that would come after 

bocanso u was a free country ; but in case the peoplJ 

admittedof those laws, they would certainly b.- pat 

under great burdens. He said be knew perfect 

what laws were made, and that the President nor 

Congress had no right to make them. That Coiiorcss 

and the government only made snch laws to rob tlie 

peophi, and th.t they were nothing but a parcel of 

daimied rogues or ^spilz bitbe,^ (iiighwaymen i o or 

tbieves.J 

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"Were the people of the township much opposed 

to the law.-'" " Yps. Yes, iIhm, they ,„,.,... .„ ,,;,.!„.,. ... , were so violent that I 

knew but one man on the same side as myself." 

1 

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*' Would this have been so if it had not been for the '' 

parson r"' ''I am fully convhiced it would not." ^ 

' Did Lyerma!! appear to be a simple sort of mar ^ 

easily to be led astray or deluded ?" " No, li- wos ; 

not thought so he was : always a very good preaebcv '{ 

\ 

Frtsoner.-.- Did I not pray for the Government 

I resident and V ice President .>" " Yes, you did when 

III the pulpit but 5 

the other way/* 

when you were out, wyou praved r 7 

i 

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JohnSneider deposed, that ^ 

he lived in Hannltou 

township and knew the prisoner_as much as he 

understood the privoner meant to take arms against 

It. He said if we let that _ go forward, it would go on 

as m the o.d country, but that he [Eyerman] would 

1 

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ruiher lay his black coat on a nail, and l^ the 

he whole weeic, and preacli lor them Sundays, tlum 

(hat siiould be so, 

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HIS-fCR? OP LEHIfiH COUNTT. 125 

« About 18 nior.ths." 

"The townbhip was always peaceable, I suppose, 

before he caiuc among you ?'* " Yes, and believe if 

he had not conic, nothing would have happened of 

the kind." 

Anotlier witness said that the prisoner came to his 

house, where conversation ijegan about the house tax, 

whereupon he s;iid he did not care whether they put 

up with it or not, for he had no house to tax. A 

person present answered: But you have a great 

quantity of books to tax. The prisoner answered 

that " if anybody would ofler to tax his books, he 

would take a French, a J.atin, an Hebrew, and a 

Greek book down to thoni,and if they could not read 

them, he would slap tlieni about their ears till tliey 

would fall to pieces." The prisoner continued 

preacher to that congregation until he was taken up. 

After the rescue, he tied to New York state, but 

was apprehended and brought back, and found guilty 

ofconspiracy,&:c.,&c., was sentenced to be imprisoned 

one year, pay iifiy dollars fnie, and give security lor 

his good behavior one year. About tliirty others were 

convicted, and fined and imprisoned according to the 

of crime. Day''s Historical Colltciioru

CHAPTEri X. 

TOrOCiRAIlIY OF TOWNSHIPS, &c. 

Hanoocr luivyiship is the only township in liii? 

county, easi of the Leliigh river. It is bounded on 

the norlh, by Allen township; east, by Hanovc; urid 

Bethleh'Mn, ii;i't soMtli, by Lehigh township all of 

Northampton county; and soutii-west by the Lebigh 

river. The form of this township is very irregular. 

Tlie surfaee is level ; limestone soil, of an execil.nit 

quality, well cultivated, and very productive, r

I' 

HtSTOKY OF LEHIGH COUNTY. \2l 

The ironworks are owiied by Messrs, White, Ilaz- 

zard, Mitchel, Erb, iM'Callister & Co.; are of u kirê 

size, and couttrucled expressly to smelt iron, wiUi 

anthracite coal, by means ol' the hot blast The water 

power IS supplied lioni the Lehigh canal of the Lehigh 

Coal and Navigation Company, and tlie lurnaces, 

with the bio wing and airdieatmg apparatus, are constructed 

m a superior manner. The works have 

been in successlal o],eration since 1840, producincr 

at present, weekly, from one hundred and ninety Xo 

two hundred tons of castings of various kinds. The 

works are about three milus north of Allentown, and 

five Irom Bethlehem. 

Rittersville is a post village, consisting of five 

dwellings, one tavern, one store—a church, near it is ' 

located m a poor part of the township. 

Heidelberg lowmhlp is bounded on the north-east 

by Carbon county; south-east, by North Whitehall 

township; south, by J.ow IIiU township, and west" 

by Lmn township. The figure of it is very irregular' 

1 he surlace is very hilly, being partly crossed by the 

Jllue moiiulam; the sod is white gravel, produchi- 

It well cultivated, an abundant crop of rye. In the 

north-west corner of the n^wnship is a shigular knob, 

called « Bake Oven Knob:' The township contains 

nme grist mills, seven saw mills, one furnace, owned 

by Stephen Balliet; one fulling mill, two woolen 

lactones, one gun and riile manufactory, several tanfienes, 

and ten lor filteen distilleries in operation 

The township is drained by Trout creek, wliich 

rises at the foot of tlie Blue mountain, and running 

eastwardly, tails with the Lehigh river, about two 

mi es below the Water Gap, turning several mills, 

but not sutficiently large to he navigable. It is also 

dramed by Jordan, rising at the loot of the Blue 

mountain, m this township, and running a very 

crooked course, towards the soutli-east, falling into 

me Little Lehigh creek, not more than one hundred 

P( r. 1. .b irum Us uiouth. The Jordan,and its varioii.3,

128 Kisroif/ OF LEHIGH COUNTY. 

branches, .urn u great number of mills, but is not 

navigable. Tiie waters of tlie Jordan are much 

affected by wot antl dry seasons. Crowner's run is f 

also one of (lie smull streams that drains the town- ^ 

ship; it risi.s ..boul the centre of it, and flov/ing 

southwardly, iiniles with the Jordan creek, on the 

line betv/euii Lo.v Hill and Whitehall townships 

The pni.ulaiion, in 1820, was 1,900; in Ib'^JO, 

2,208; in I.SIO, x;,35 1. Amonnt of county tax levied 

in 1844, wiusii770 Sti; state tax, iS 1,067 59. In]S43, 

^20 52 wns ])nl[ fos the education of the poor. 

Segersvillc, a pu;,t village, about seventeen miles 

north-west from Allentown, near the line of the 

township, com liiis ahoiu twenty dwellings, one .siore 

and one taverii. 'I~he only churci^. in the towiiship 

is about two in.les Ironi the village, 'i'he couuiry 

around the vilhiiê is rough and broken. Agricniiiiro 

needs some consideral^le attention being paid to il^ 

before the fiiniK r can count on ample and certain 

returns for his labor. 

Oertncinstuil u small , phice, one store, owned by 

Nathan (bnni lu. Dining the French and Indian 

war, in 1755 and 175(), the greater part of the inhabitants 

of ihit." townshi]) had lied to Bethlehem and 

other places, lor re:nge, and to csciipe being inhumanly 

biitehend by the savage hordes who wes-^ 

marauding tliis region of country in search of huniati 

victims to glut (heir vengeance. In October, 170.], 

tlie inhabitants were again alarmed by the Indians 

committing cru. 1 murders in an adjoining township. 

(See North IVhitchull towm/iip.J 

North JVhilchaU foionship is bounded on the 

north-east, by the Lehigh river, which seperutos it 

from Northamplon C(juniy; on the south, by Souih 

Whitelu'.ll fnvnohip ; (mi the west, by Low Ilill 'ownfihip, 

and norlli-weti, by Heidelberg townshij). Tne 

surface h level ; limestone soil, rich, and geiiu.aily 

pretty well cullivatr-d. This township is tiin^;.i],u-!y

IlISTOKi: OP LEHIGH COUNTY. 129 

intersected by numerous roads, wliicli centre in the 

main road, leading to Allcntown. The Jordan creek 

s,n(l Coply creek, or Baliiet's creek, are the principal 

streams draiiiing the township. Coply creek rises in 

this townslii])—ranning south-easterly, talis into the 

Lehigh river, alicuU live miles above Allentown. In 

its cuurse, it turns several milts. In dry seasons it 

fails much. 'I'his township contains seven grist mills, 

four saw mills, and a number of tanneries. There 

are two Glerni.u; J.'oji>rnii;d and Lutlieian cluirchcs 

in this town^hi]) , one naiv the north-western boundary, 

and the odier, on the south, near Coply creek. 

The population of 1820, was 1,807 ; in 1830,2,008; 

in 1840, 2,321. Thf county tax, assessed for 18 1 1, 

\vasS89t) 25; state tax, $1,3-10 83. In 1S43, $1 19 78 

were paid for the education of the poor. 

Slegersvilk is a small i)ost village, consisting of 

five or six dwellings, one store, and one tavern. It 

is situated in a fertile and highly improved i;ountry. 

SnydersvUie, owiird by (Jeorge Snyder, who is 

proverbially known ;i the -KeeiKM' of the/Drovers' 

Inn." The ])lace consists of a small cluster of houses 

and several shops. Its situation, it is said, is peculiar 

—it is in and between, like '

1;U) Hisn)iiv or r.EiiiGH county. j 

their escapt-, ihuugli twice fired upon by the Indians, 

and proceeded lo liw house of one Adam Fasiilei;, ^• 

wdiere tliere wêre twenty men under arms. These i 

immediately went in pursuit of the enemy. In tlieir 

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proyre:)^, ihcy visitetl the farms of Jacob JNl cold y, 

where tiiey jouud a boy and a girl lying dead, tlu; 

girl scalpt;d ; of Hans Schneider, where they discover- ! 

ed the owner, his wife, and three children dead iutI)o i 

field, and tiirec girls, one dead, the other wounded. l 

and OIK,' i)i thuiu scali)ed. On their return to AsViler's. ; 

they ftniiid ihe wifi- of Jaeob Aliening, with a cldld, 

^ 

dead in the road, and scalped. The houses oi' rdnik.': 

and Schneider, were both burnt."* y 

South IMiiicluiU township is bounded on the nuvtL \ 

by North Wiiiichall townshi]); east, by the Lcliiudi \ 

river, winch separates it frojn Hanover township, and 

j 

by Northumpioa township; south, by Upper JNXacnii- i 

jy township. The surface is level; limestone soil, < 

very well cuhivatud, and abimdantly prodncdve, I 

amply repayiui; the husbandman for the «iare bestow 

ed upon it in a jndicions course of cidtm-e. I 

This township is watered by Jordan creek, ane. 

Cedar creek. The latter rises from a large spriug i;i 

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] 

Upper iMacnnj^- township, and turns a large lloaij 

mill, about six perdies below the foimtain, and ut'ter i 

a course of tlir 'c miles, falls into the Little Leiugh, | 

The volnme of this singular stream appears mvari- j 

able in wci or ihy weather. The long conliiiued 

jj 

drought this simuner, ( IS-M) though alfeeting all odier 1 

streams, did nut any the least diminish this stican.. 

) 

It never freezes, and the grass, winch grows to tlif 

water's edge, appears green all seasons, and is a Iw ."lys 

uncover(;d, the water dissolving the snow as it lulls. ^ 

Sinking Run is ai-other remarkable stream ; it risct , 

in JNIacuiijy township, and tiows easterly, tirougli 

j 

tliis towi'iship; it sinks into the ground about five 

j 

luiley fn.in /illni.Mwn. It is supjjosed to iuive t;. 

Pntud'o History of J'u. Appendix, p. C'-'A. 

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w 

Hl^TOUY (..* IKHUni COUNTY. 131 

subterraneous course ot' more than a mile southward, 

ami to rise at the fouutuii. 

Macunjy. 

c-l" Cedar creek, in Upper 

Cavern Spriuy riaj ; ne;ir the mouth of a Umestone 

cavern, within uvo miles of the borough of Allentown; 

on the north-west is a large fountain, and pours its 

waters into tlie To'\l;

132 HISTORY OF LEHIGH COUNTY. 

the north-wesr,, by Scliuylkill county. The Wiuc 

mountain crossing the noitlierii part ot' the township, 

the surface along it is liiiiy or greatly roUing ; a por- 1 

tion of the surface of this township is pretty l-jvei ; \ 

the soil is gravelly—agriculture may still be nincli 

j 

improved, though many of the farms yield well. The 

| 

free use of lime, as a stimulating manure, '.v.mld I 

greatly iiid in improving' the soil, and well rrpay a 

largep.rrv;,.t:;ge. 

This tuwni^hip is drained by tlie Antelauuy, or * 

Maiden cav:\:, wliich rises here and flows into ih'> 

\ 

Schuylk'!! iivî, thKuigh Jierks county. Linn rui., i 

which rises in this township, near the south-wesi 

boundary, is n tributary of the Jordan creek. Tin'. 

sources of tli>', /intclauny and Linn run, almos. i,ucr- 

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mingle. Tli;->t; streams allbrd an abundance of ruAl 

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seats; there an;, it; this township, ten grist mills, llvo 

saw mills, one woolen factory, one powder mill, and 

tliree German Kefurmed and Lutheran chnivlh^s; « 

also several small villages. This township, and Alba- 

ny, in liurks roimly, formed u portion of »,QUc:!]'u:n- \ 

gtl, in d;iys pi si. 

LinnviUe is a small post village, about sev. nict;/! > 

miles north-Avcst of Allentown, consisting of a few 

dwellings, one store and one tavern. 

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New Tiîpoll, a post village, about fifteen ,.;ilc - 

from Allentov/n, consists of several houses. 

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Jack'sonvillc is a post village, in the northern p,u( '. 

of the townsliiji, about eighteen miles from Allc.i- \ 

town. The p 4)nlatioii of this township, in ISiiO, Wus 

| 

1,6G4; in 1830, 1,7'17; in 1810, 1,895. The count'/ « 

tax, assessed In 1811, was $74! 03; the state Jay. 

$1,012 85. In 1813, §19 

cation of the j)oor. 

02, were paid for the edn- 

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This region oi country, of which this townsbij) ecu- I 

stitutes a pr.rl, was settled at a comparatively early 

period, scttlcrnonts having been made about tlic yc^: 

1735. in Febuiary, 1756, the Indians commilied ,i 

nmnbcr of cruel rmnder.s upon the German .•etti':'.; 

* 

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nrsi'oi!.'/ 01 i.EniGH county. lii'd 

On the 14th of Febiuaiy, 175G,the Indians surprized 

the inmates ol' tl;e liouse ol' Frederick Reichelsdert'er, 

shot two of hi.s chiidrcu, set his liouse and barn on 

iire, and burnt I'p ;d! hi.s grain and cattle. Thence, 

they proceeded lo the house of Jacob Gerhart, where 

they killed one Uirtn, two wonien, and six. children. 

Two of the childrc:n had sli))ped under the bed, one 

of which was burned; tlie odier escaped, and ran a 

mile, to get to die people. 

On the 24th ol March, following, tien wagons went 

to Allemaengel, lo bring a family, with thuir etfects, 

away; and as tlicy wêre returning, about three miles 

below one George ZcisloiPsjthey were fired upon by 

a number of Indians from both sides of the road 

vipon which the wagoner.^ left tlieir wagons and raii 

into the woods, anil die hor.ses, frightened at the iiring 

und terrible yelling of tlie In dans, ran down a hill, 

and broke one of the wagons to pieces. The enemy 

killed George Zeisloli and his wife, a young man oi 

twenty, a boy of twelve, also a girl of fourteen years 

old, four of whom tiny scalped.* 

Low Hill lownsliip is bounded on the north, by 

Heidelberg townsliip ; on the east, by North Whiteliall 

; on the south, by Macunjy, and on the west, by 

Weissenberg township. The surface is hilly, and in 

some places rolling ; Uie soil is principally wliite 

gravel; the stale of agriculture is improving; many 

of the farms are rendered productive by a judiciou.:. 

•course of crops, amj strict attention to manuring. 

Lime, if judiciously applied, would greatly improve 

this kind of soil. 

This township is ^^âtered by Jordan creek, and 

several of its tributaries—.such as Lhm run, Crowner's 

run, wliich rises in Heidelberg township, near its 

centre, and do vs BOiilhwardly, through this township 

and WUlow run—all these streams alford mill seat.s 

* Letter lioin Vnltrlit.-j t',MjL-.i, to Jacob Levan, Esq., Feb. l" 

ir.OC .'ice histur/ of Bciks county, p. iJS, 123, V2\.

134 iiisTouv OF i-EniGlft couNxr. 

The township contains ten grist mills, five saiv ujii 

several oil mills, and two clover mills. 

Clansvoilk is quite a neat little post village, ;;. ii- 

sisting of a few dwellings and a store. It is the only 

village ill the townsiiip. 

The piÔiilution of the township, in 1820, was /O.i, 

ill 1830, J 808 in 1840, 854. The county tax, for 

1844, aniounted to $238 35; state tax, 8354 71. In. 

1843, $49 Oii were paid for educating the poor. 

Upper Macunjy. This township and Lowei l^vhieungy, 

have, >\Miliin the last ten or twelve year;,, Incn 

divided. 

township. 

They were formerly known as Macunjij 

This t(V.vn.sii!p i^> bounded on tiie north-ea.-,i, Ly 

South Whitehall ; on the south, by Jôwer Ahicuiijy; 

and on the noilji-west, l)y Weissenberg. 'ilie sui- 

I'ace is generally very level; the soil limestone, care- 

fully cultivated and abundantly productive. IJotli 

Upper and Lower ^hlcuugy are densely popiilriicd. 

This townshi)) alone, had, in 1840, a poi)ulaiio;, r.| 

]iearly 1800, niid it may now exceed two lluai-. hhI 

It is drained by the Little lêhigh creek and il-, mijnerous 

tributaries. Sliaiitz's Spring, the iiead oi 

Cedar creek, is in this township. Cedar Sprini. is 

remarkable fur its strength and uniformity, c^ h' 

quantity i»f waKr. (July a few rods below its foun- 

tain, it turns a large llouring mill. In its course, uhicl, 

is only three nnles, il propels three mills, viz: Ihiti'd, 

Knaus' and ^hu•lz's—these fall into Mr. Edlemaii's 

mill dam, on the Little Lehigh. North-west IVim! 

Schantz's Spring, is a stream, which, after a cnn'.., 

of three miles, tinks into the earth. It is conjeiiaix-d 

by many, that this slreaui forms the Cedar crook 

fountain. 'I'be vohiUK! of water of Sbanrz's Spriiig 

is invari.ible iu wci and dry, and it never f:i.'i^>:cs 

over. 

There are two grist mills and two saw millb .n lliitown^hip; 

also se\'t:ral taimeries. 

The pojMilalioii, iu 18 10, was l,7(i!». The aiui'iu.i

nitiTOHy VI' LEHIGH COUNTS. IJj 

ofcouiitytax, ill IS 14, ,f 1,03;> 4S; state tax, $1,616 3^ 

111 1843, $Go 3,5 AV'cre luiid towards educating tli.' 

poor. 

Foglesvlilcj a j)ost village, at the junction of tlic 

AllcnttDwn and iMLllert;town road, nine miles ifoi;i 

Allentown, consists of sixteen dwellings, one store, 

one tavern, a scliool house, a German Reformed ainl 

Lutheran church, siUiatcd in a rich and fertile country. 

7\ca:lc7'sIown. a neaf j>ost village, eight miles from 

Allcmown, on the road to Kiitztown, Jierks couniy. 

It coiitainî sixti'Cii or t.'ighteen dwellings, two taverns, 

one store, a LmJicjuii and (icnnan Ueformed churcl:, 

'J'he country around it is well improvêd. 

Lower Mamnij. 'J'his, and Upper Macunjy townships, 

were, until liu; last ten or twelve years, kno\»/n 

as MacKfiJi/ luiunship. It is hounded on the nordi, 

hy Upper Macungy; north-east, hy Salishury, (Sal.^berg 

) on the south-east, by Up])er Milford townshi}) 

; 

south-west, by Berks c(junly. The surface of il^^ 

township is lev el, a; id (»f (he best limestone soil ; wci! 

improved, and \\'\\ piitdnctive ; yields a rich recompense 

to the mdu:5iric)us I'armer, lor labor bestowed iu 

tilling the soil. This part of Lehigh county is densely 

settled. Small as the territory of this county is, the 

population, in 1840, exceeded two thousand, and may 

now reach twenty-five hundred. The township js 

drained by the Liule Lehigh creek. It has six grist 

mills, three saw mills, one oil mill, and live or six 

stores. 

The population, in Ls 10, wa^ 2,156. Tiie couniy 

tax, for 1844, amounted to $1,257 47; state tax, 

$1,761 89. In 1843, there were $194 66 paid towards 

educating the cfildrci, of poor persons, besides a. 

quota of *2 1 99, jninily paid by thi.s and Upper Milford 

lownshij*. 

MillerstQiLui, or S\lil!e)\svUk, is a post village, at 

the foot of the i.eiiiuh Hills, or South mountain, on 

a small brio:.'!), of the Leingh, nine miles from Alf /i- 

:

136 lIIiTOKY OP LEHIGH COUNT V. 

town. The villi'gc consists of about forty dwell iii,'three 

taverns, i'uir stores, a Lutheran and fn'mia!! 

Reformed churcii ; also a " Freu Ilall," for all religious 

deuoniinr.tions. 

This village is reiuarkable as one of the places //? 

i 

tingui&hed I'or opposition t(j collecting a direct t:;x, | 

by the fedcr.il govennaent, in 17!i8, 'ao '-In dcv. 

Schreckens Ziilen.'" Here INlr. Daniel Schwartz. 

and others, made resistance.* 

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Jh-einlgsuilie, \:-i ii \>a^t village, on the road iii.n, 

Allentown to ll/'ading, consisting of some half dw/r-u 

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of houses, (nui st.iri:, one tavc^rn. Near it is a)i ixicnsive 

iron ore naue. The ore 

whh sulphuret of iron, as to be 

is S(v highly chuiged 

advantageously used 

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3 

for the mauufaclure of copperas. Considerable ipiai!- 

-tities of it are transported to Philadelp-hia, by c:uial, 

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for this pur|)0se. | 

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Upper Miljord is bounded on the nor1h-ea^L \:\ \ 

Salisbury township and lJ])per Saucon, soulh-casi by 

Bucks county, on the west by JNIontgomery • 

iid | 

Berks counties, >.ud iiorlh-wesl by Lower Macunjy 

townshi}). It lornis almost a square. Thesurjaji; ol ; 

this township is considerably diversified, but geiiCia.l- j 

ly liilly, and in some ]jlaces very rugged or broken, 

being crossed by the South iNIountain, sînding lordi 

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I 

spurs, especi;dly towards the south. Ii'on oru 

abounds on the mountain. The soil is princii'ally 

gravel and red shale, and upon the wiiole, pretty wAX 

cultivated, and more than ordinarily productive : it 

is watered by a branch of the Perkiomen and Upper 

Saucon creeks. The north branch of the Perkiomen 

rising in this t^jwiishi)), llows by a southren coiii'se, 

(uniting with the east branch in Perkiomen township, 

Montgomeiy coanty) lor about thirty miles, througl: 

Montgomery county, and falls into die river Scliuyl- 

kill, above Pawling's Ford, six miles al)ove jNorrislown. 

Upper Saiic«,n creek, rising m this tow iisbip.. 

•- Soe \'^r'.K>iu voii iv\va Fries, &c. p. 283. 

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IlIVfORY OF LEHIGH COUNTY. 137 

and running ncitli-ea>iiwardly, falls into the Lehigh 

river on the soutli side, about two miles below Freemansburg, 

in Nordiauipton county. 'J'hese streams 

atford many good mill seals. This township contains 

seven grist millsj six saw mills, one lulling null, one 

oil mill, two ]).)\vder mills, several tanneries, and u 

few distilleries, and one I'urnacc, owned by Messrs. 

Hunter and .IMillor. Thfre are two churches in this 

township, atul :m veral villages.. 

ScheiiJicrsvlUf, is i\ posl village, consisting of five 

dwellings, one (awrn and a store. 

DUrmger's. If ere is a postôlliee, a few dwellings, 

a store and a tavern. 

'I'he population of tliis townshi]) was, hi 1820, 

2,416; in 1830,2,8-20; in 1840,3,071. 'riieamouni 

of county tax levied in 1844, was ^1,548 44; statu 

tax,!f!2,2y3 91. InlS13,$195 97,' were paid for edu- 

cating children of jjoor persons. 

JVeissenburg townsltip is bounded on the northeast 

by L(nv Hill township, on the soutli-east by 

IMacunjy, aial on ilie soudi-west by iMaxatany 

townsbip in IJerks connly, and nortli-west by Linn 

townshiji. The surface is hilly, and in some places 

broken; soil gravelly, 1)ut pretty well improved. 

The assessed value of land ranges from $20 to $25 

per acre. 

This townslnp is drained by Jordan creek and it? 

tributaries. Willow r ui, and Linn run, which allbrd 

considerable water i)Owei. There are here six grist 

mills and tliree saw mills. There are two churchtis 

in this townshi}) ; one ib located in the Forks of Willow 

run. 

Mount Pleusant, die only vdlage in the townsliip. 

is six miles from ]• oglesville, consisting of several 

dwellings, one sioio and a tavern. 

The population nf if is townsbip in 1820, wa:-. 

•Besides a quota ol' ^;M Hw, paid by Lower Macunjy and l-'j 

per ^hii'urd.

138 nisrouy of lehigii county. 1 

1,175 ill 1S;3U, 1,265; 1840, 1,427. i 

of counry [c\x k-vied in 1844, was 6'425 

The ainoam 

54; staietax, 

j 

$58G 10. Ill lS4:j, ^9.2 94, were paid 10 wards cju- i 

eating die ]um,\\ \ 

The iiiliuiHiaiitb o( this township, with ih.i:.': ot i 

Berks Cijiinty, in tins i'cgion, were repeatedly alarniLMl j 

by tlie iij(:nr.-.:ii us of tlie hostile Indians dm-iiig t!"' I 

French aiid liuliaii war, from 1755 to 1763. Tluir I 

hopes i.iJLl i(';iis wefe alternately excited; for tlj;: 

| 

Indians conjiintteil several murders through this aiid 

adjacent louniships, immediately north. 

In L7f)8 and ]li>'J, when the inhabitants of Norili- 

amptoncoumy oj)]M)sed the collecting of a dir< ct lav 

| 

by the general government, the fears of (he people ni i 

Ihis towii'ihi); \i-eri, agâin greatly excited. i 

Upper Sctiuon lowns/up is bounded on the niuih 

east hy Lower Sancou, JN

IIISTOUY OF LEHIGH COUNTY. 13!> 

dwellings and a store, on the turnpike, near tin: 

south-east boundary, is tlie only village in this towp- 

ship. 

The populiiiionin 1820, was 1,()42 ; in 1830, 1,905 : 

in 1840,2,072. The amount of county tax levied ilr 

184-4, was *{i(i7 GS : state tax, $986 83, In 184 J 

$1G2 14, were paid towards educating paupers. 

Salisbury tuwn.^hip, (Some times written Saltzbery;. 

or Salsherg,) is bourjded on the north by Northampton 

towjiship and tho Lehigh river, on the east by 

Lower Saueon, NorlhaHi[)ton county, south-eaiit by 

Upper Saueon, south-west by Upper Milford and 

Lower Maeunjy, and north-west by WliitehaU 

township. Tlie suilaee of the country is rolling: 

tlie greater part limestone soil of the lirst rate quality. 

and very well cultivated. The Soudi mountain, in 

which iron ore abounds, runs along its south-eastern 

boundary, at the loot

140 HlSTOllY OF LEHIGH COUNTT. 

g 

down tin: luhaiui.iy vâlley. On the south, east ai;d |l 

wc^t, he bi'I'ore you as a lawn, Saucon, with its i''h 

|^ 

hnieslone I; rus. J.an^nage tails to deliniate (he & 

scenery wiili any dei^ree ol' graphie accuracy. j 

'I'iie pMjiuLluiU ol' this t(jwnshi)>, in 1820, v.i.s f 

l,lti5; in 1830, ];jl'i ; in 18-10, 1,438. The anioiiiit 1 

of count/ lax levied lor 1844, was $844 80; hli-Ui | 

lax, $1,31 -i !):. 

Ejjuuas io a post village at the foot ol" the >M)Uih 

I 

% 

luountaiii, III lit ou nm^ street, and is ahout five miles 

south-west from Allcntuwii, I'lie town c(jii tains 

| 

about twenty-fivii dwellings, a store and church. The 

following, lunching this place, is from the ])en of ihe 

Twdve. I'kiLVi t.f the churches, schools, i:c., &:c.^ ol 

the United Jircthren in- America : 

"This settlement (iMuaus,) where a congregaiioii 

of the United Ihetliren was regularly organized iu 

• 

1747, is situated near the Lehigh mountains, eight 

miles from Hethlidicm. 

''The lirsl pl;K;e uf worship was built in 1742; tl.e 

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second in 17(i(i, Ijoth of wood, and the third, which I 

is the preseui chuieh, in 1833. The present nm:;lt(;i- 

of souls belonging to this congregation is one luindred 

and thirty, (in 183()) of wliom eighty are loui 

mnnicaiius. 

Nurthainpioit township. This is a small township 

which suDounds the borough of Allentown. 

Portions of the surl'ace is generally undulating, but. tlie 

greater pari is level, the soil is limestone, and ve'-y 

iiighly improved. \\ lien speaking of Allentown,- tiit 

springs &lc., arc^ notic'd. In 1830, the population was 5 

iil3, and IS iO, .' i3. In Ibll, the amount of county ' 

tax levied, was ;i, J 73 u!J, and state tax, ^248 89. 

Allkm'uivn.'' '[his town was laid out pviov lo 

i752, by \Villiant .illen, Esip, Chief Justice of the 

* tiee Alli. iUo\va. 

"The substance of tlii:> article is from the pen of l

lUSTOriY 01- LEHIGH COUNTY. Ml 

Province of Pennsylvania. Mr. Allen, it appears, 

was a great fried to the Penn family, from whom 

lie derived his grants of land. Governor John Penn 

niarried his dauyliter. James Allen, son of tlie pro- 

prietor of Alicnlov/n, residing in Pliiladelphia, hecame 

heir to ilu; site of tiiis town. He died abont 

1782, leaving tli'j properly to two sons, James and 

William, and tl;roe daugiiters, viz : Mrs. Greenleaf, 

Mrs. Tilghman ;uid Mrs. Livingston. Several of tht; 

heirs still reside her: . 

. This place ]in,'v- the nanie of Allenfown, till 1811, 

when it was calli. d ilio Uoruugli of Northamptun, tnu 

since changed. It is sitnated at the jnnetion of tiic 

Jordan and Jîitle Lehigh creeks, about hall' a miK 

from the Lehigh river. It is six miles south-w. 'i 

from Petlilchiin, eighteen miles soutli-west fron) 

„, Easton, and fit'ty-f]\'c miles north-west from Phila- 

\ ^ delphia. 

It is one of the oldest settlements on the Lehigh 

river, and in die dillerent M'ars of America, Avas the 

scene of many a /*/•.//(,' itnti hluody deed. It was 

here that ('oloiicl Jai;ios Ihrd displayed such heroisni 

in the early wars wuh the Indians. It was here, 

during the Ivevolution, that llie bells which "chi//ic 

so merrily" on Christ Church in Philadelphia, were 

concealed by the Americans, and it was here, at a 

later period of our national existence, that the insur- 

rection in which the jiotorious John Fries bore s(conspicuous 

a part, was fomented, and happily foi 

us all, smothered in its bnlh. 

Inhabited by a lew wealthy and imenterprising 

Germans, and cut off for many years Irom the dilferent 

post routes, by the iniluence of the neighboring 

towns, it remamed inactive a long time. Its great 

elevation too, re-nderiiig it diflicidt to procure tin; necessary 

sujjply of water, had the etlect of ]-etardiug 

its progress in the march tjf improvement, and it remained, 

as at lirst, "uinioticed and unknown," imti! 

the year lf;il, whcnjjy the division of Norlhatnpt' a 

ciii;.ny, it i;ec.uue the seat of justice of Leiiigh

142 HlSTOi!'/ OF LEHIGH COUNTY. 

county, Wfi.s iuturpor.itod by an act of the Legislainrc. 

])assed Miiic-.li 18, J 811, and called Nortfunn^^tnh 

Borough. By a sniilar act in 1838, the name îllcn,toiun 

was again resiored. Since it has beconi*; tho 

county seat, the rown has improved rapidly, and hids 

fair to eclipse iis neighbors in trade and wealtli, as it 

has already in point of beauty. 

The form o'tlie tuwn is square. Its streets aic ai 

right angli'S, ai'd the }iublic square in the centre adds 

much to its a]ipcarance. It contauis a large court 

liouse and public houses of hewn limestone, a spacious 

lu-ison of the same material; five churches, German 

Iteformed, Lutheran, Presbyterian, Methodist Epis- 

copal, Evaiig(jli*'al Association, and one lor all denominations, 

eall.jd '^ the Free Hall,'''' in which temperance 

l(icturcs are occasionally dehvered; an Acade- 

my incorporated March 18, 1814, to which the .state 

gave two Ihousand dollars ; a boarding school, a splen- 

did and spacious building, formerly occupiod as the 

llomoeojiailiic college Jîssing, it might be renmrV- 

ed, this iuitilutiou ntivtn" went into full operation, ri^; 

it was designt;d ii shduld, under two eminent prul^v-- 

sors residing in Philadelphia. There is one fouud.iy 

in the borough, owned by Mr. Freeburn ; Mc^s'-.s. 

Ivrause & Probst's is contiguous to the borouidi 

several machine '.hoi)s,two appothecaries, twenty-îx 

iitores, eli'ven taA'crns, and six coach manufactonc... 

A bank, callcii T/ie Norlh(i)nplon Bank, was established 

liere in 18M, with a ca})ital of !|il23,3'i5. 

It became comjiletely bankrupt in 1813. The tjv. r^ 

is well sn))plied with good, fresh water, from Wor- 

nian's siting, at the foot of the liill on wliich ii is 

built. A ijump, worked by a water wheel turned Ly 

the stream, raises the water into a ivsorvoir in die 

highest part of iiie town, from which it is distribatcd 

by pipes laid tliroiigh the streets. The waior is 

forced up to die lieigbl of one hundred and sixty fe

F LE'IIGH COUNTY. 143 

nmpton, Ihich^ unil Montiômery Counties J2n-- 

zeiger, by BUiu.'jr & lUisli, is neutral in politics. It 

has reached its lliirty-second vohune. JJer Lecha 

Patriot unci Northcimptou Democrat^ by Reuben 

Guth,a whig ixijier. It has been in existence seventeen 

years. Der Uiiahhaengi.sche Iiejmblikaner, by 

James \Vilson, Dcinnni-uic. It is the oldest paper 

here. The Lehigh I'lulctin, by John Royer, Demo- 

cratic. 

The pre.sont ]>o|;akuion may exceed 3000 ; in 1830, 

it was 1,54-1; in lc-!0, ;i,4fi;3. 

It is worthy ol'noiicc, \o show the salubrity of the 

air of this place, that durmg the prevalence of the 

yellow fever of 1793 and 'L)9, and. the cholera in 1832 

and '33, there was not a single case of eidier, in this 

place, that in any way resembled those diseases. 

On the mahi road lo liethlehem, hi view of the 

town, is a bridge across tlie Lehigh river, erected in 

1841. The previous one, a chain bridge, was swept 

away by the great freshet of January, 1841. There 

is also a stone bridge across the Jordan creek, consisting 

(d" eighteen ar»f -s. It is alx)Ut eight inuidred 

feet long. It was completed in 1837, at a cost of 

i5io,oool^ 

Tlie mnnerous springs, namely: Worman's, Martin's, 

Smith's and riellVich's, are all worthy of being 

visited by the traveller. The liig or Mammoth Rock, 

spoken of when describing Salisbury township, should 

by all means be visitrl. Jt is only three miles I'rom 

ihe borough, and will amply repay the adventiu:er 

for his walk. 

Ldcigh Port, contiguous to AUentown, contains 

between fifty and .sixty dwellings, one tavern, one 

store and six sh>rinu I'onscs. Below, is Creenleafs 

Island, owned by Su. liulz of Philadelphia. This 

island, under the earr-

144 IlfsTOltY OF LEHIGH COUNTS. 

from the January iVesliet. 

Lehigh Bulletin, vva : 

The following' is fruiii ihc ' ! 

After the intense cold weather we had the bi-îuj 

1 

ning of last week—on Wednesday and Thur.stl;,y\ve 

had ram, with a warm southern wmd, that hiou-ht i 

on a suJdcn Uiaw. The rivers and streams, m ijioie ! 

parts, rose ra])idly—rose to an unprecedented IjoJLd'i. I 

The Jordan and Little Lehigh a])])ear not to have 1 

heen as lii.di as at the great freshet in 18;J9. (j\vin 

The Lilllc Lclngh was about three feet higher, over j 

Mr. Martz's tan yard, than before. The Jurclr.n ran j 

ou^the large .sionc bridge over it. 

j 

The hesb-r,. in the 'jJig Lehigh, was trenieMdui's. I 

1 lie water v/.is alxjut twenty feet above low-water { 

' 

mark below the da ;n ; and was about three feet abnve 

the highest point on the Ihg Island. Such a iJood is ! 

not recollected by our oldest inhabitants. 

j 

Our excellent bridge over the liig Lehigh, and lull 

I 

liouse, arc gon.; ; three frame houses of iMr. I). K I, ck- j 

ner, between ids tavern and the bridge, are gone. • 

The gatedi-eeiier's family have got away, but sr'vetl J 

notlnng out of the house. The other families saved I 

more or less, but sustained lieavy losses. The store : 

houses have been considerably injured at djc basin, 

j 

and sev.;ral of our merchants, in not havn.y iheir I 

goods removed, liave met with heavy losses. A iar^-e 

cpiantuy of hup.ber, and a number of boats and scows 1 

were lost. About iwo thousand tons of coal ^ 

aiolosr. 

The navigation .lam has but little, if any, injury done 

j 

to it. Tiie canal has sustained some injury. j 

'' 

'

• ' MONROE 

ClUPTEE XL 

COUNTY ORGANIZED, &c. 

Tills coynijj v/us eiecled out of Northampton i\m\ 

"Pike counties, by an act of the Legislature, passed 

April I, 183G. Tt was enacted, "that the township 

of Ross, Chcstnuthill, Tohyhanna, Pokono, llamiltuii 

Stroud and Sniilhfield, north of the Blue mountain, 

in Northampton coanty, together with the townships 

of Middle Smithfield, Price and Coolbaugh, in Pike 

'County, shall be, and the same are hereby declared to 

be erected into a separate county, to be called Mon- 

BOE."* 

By the same act, Moses W. Coolbaugh, Benjamin 

V. Bush, William Vam Buskirk, Michael Shoemaker 

and Joseph Track, u ere appointed trustees, whose 

duty it (shall be) was to receive written offers of 

donations, in real estate and money, towards defray- 

ing the expenses of the lands and public buildings for 

the use of the county. 

The trustees had several oflers made them of sites 

for the county seat ; among others, was Kellerstown, 

m Hamilton township, on the north and south turnpike. 

Stroudsburg, however, was considered, by th( 

tirustees, the most favorable location for the county 

seat. 

Monroe couiny, as ai present limited, is aboui 

twenty-five niilcs in Icngili and the same in breadth^ 

making an area of about six hundred square miles. 

• In 1843, Ca.loa county was erected, when Penn Forest towc 

shiif. i.i Monrue conniy, was ir.cliided in Carbon. 

J

146 illVrOIJV OF MONROE COUNTV. A 

embracing four hurulred thousand acres of lai.d, ilie 

greater proportion of whicli is forest, and much of a 

| 

I 

unseated land. Tliousands of acres were lately sold 

*^ 

*• to pay the arrears of taxes due thereon and the l osi,. I 

of such s:des." In the majority of townships, l;ituls 

* 

of this kind were ofilered for sale by the county cum- 1 

mission.ers, in 1844. 

* 

Monroe is generally very mountainous ; much oi \ 

it is ociuipied by tfie desolate ranges ol" the Poi:o!io I 

mountain, and prominent ridges of a coarse fossilifcr- i 

ous sand-3lo]ic. The geological features of the connU I 

.are varie 1 and rugiied. liegiiming on the sou:li ;;:i(li:, 

lliero is the lofty Kittatinny mountain, which is rent j 

by the well known Delaware Water Gap, wiih its l 

depressions at ihe Wind Gap and Smith's GajK im- 

\ 

mediately along llui north side of the ]31ue mouiuain j 

is a narrow bolt of red and variegated shale, sueceeded 

on the north by a limestone belt of no great 

^ 

* 

thickness; then follows the coarse fossiliferous sand- i 

.stone, forming a sharp, rocky ridge, nearly par;dk'! | 

with the mountain, forming a line of irregular, sliar}), I 

rugged liills, which range south-westward fropi s 

Stroudshurg. On the north sid(i ol" this is Ibuiid an t 

olive slate Ibrnntion, the lower hods of which aro in 

some places so calcareous as to form a rough, slaty 

| 

i 

limestone, containing masses of chert, or black lliiU, 

' 

and also shells ;aid other tbssLl remains. A])proaclnnf,' ;* 

towards the fool of the Pokono mountain, we nied^ >! 

the red sandstones and shales, next in position, al.ovi.'. » 

tlie olive slate; these form the soutiiern trout (jf ijjc 

mountain, and extend through the country ininu di- 

% 

^^ 

ately south-east of it. Passing over Pokono, we ?; 

meet, in the rocky elevated region beyond its suinmit [' 

the hard coarse sandstone.* 

In the north-wcsiern part of the county, on tiie ; 

head branches of the I.ehigh river, lies an imineiise 

body of wcltish land, covered with a dark, dense 

lorestof lofiypine. 'This region is called the " S/.'td::! 

* C. B. Trego, Esti- 

|

JllSTOnY 01' ^!0NHOE COUNTY. M7 

of Death,^^ or -'Great Swamp," by the forlorn fugitives 

from Wyoming, in 1778. Tins part of the 

county is still eompaiatively a wilderness, and most 

of its lands are classed as '' unseated.'" The opening 

of the Lehigh navigation, however, is attracting many 

lumber-men to diis region, and ere long will become 

a brisk and lively place. This portion is very sparsely 

inhabited; the great bulk of the population is to be 

found along die valley of the Delaware and Ikoad- 

head''s creek, and between the liliie rnoimtain and a 

beltof some live miles wide, lying between the Pokeno 

and Kitlatmny mountâns. Settlements had be(;i. 

made here a century ago. The Minisink settlements, 

partly within this county, may have been commenced 

two hundred years ago. This settlement is along the 

tluts of the Delaware river, extendmg into this county. 

and were undoubtedly made by the Dutch from Kiojiiis, 

on the Hudson river, in the state of New 

: j York.* 

',. 

I 

\A 

The population ol this county, as to origiij or ancestry,is 

mixed. In die soutiiern and western part.s. 

the peo])le arc tJermii.ii, and still speak that language. 

I 

(About Stroiidsburg, the i'usl settlers were friends, and 

of r'nglish descent ; in the east, Dutch, French, and 

one or two Spanish tamilies. Among these are Van 

1] Etten, Depui, and (iiinsaules; but the Dutch,French 

t^ and Spanish are not now spoken by any of their de- 

Jj 

.scendents. 

' I'his county is pretty well supplied with water 

power for mills, and other manufacturing purposes. 

The Delaware river waslies a portion of the soutlieastern 

boundary, and drains tha,t part of the county 

by its tributaries: such as Marshall creek, Broadhead 

creek, or Jlnalomlnk. Mill creek, Bushkill, M'lUi- 

chael's creek, Cherry creek, and other small oner;. 

On the west it is drained by tlie Lehigh, witli itt 

tributaries, such as Tobyhanna, which rises in a smai: 

lake called Long Po/k/. and running a south-westerly 

iîfiUhfield lo'vnship

148 msroflF op monroe countt. 

course, receives the waters of Big and Little Tuni, 

hanna

mSTOriY OF f.'OffRQE COUNTY. 149 

I. Sroud J. IlollenslieaJ, foreman. 

- 2. John Boys, Philip S, Brown, Frederick Knecht, 

Joseph Felker, Samuel Rees, James Van Buskirk, 

Andrew Learn, George Rouse, Jolin Yetter, Jacob 

Shatter, George Buskirk, Joseph Vanaken, Samuel 

Myer, James Murgan, Phihp Krasge, George Flyde, 

Peter Lander v.nd Madison Decker, who were seve- 

rally sworn o: alfirnied, well and truly to enquire for 

tiie conimonwealth of Pennsylvania, in and for the 

body of the county of Motn-oe. 

(PÎa 1837, There were thirty-two licensed public 

houses.

{ ).).. 

CHAPTER XII. 

TOPOGRAPHY OF T0WNSfnP8,&c. 

Stroud toionship, so called after one of iio {iir-v 

settlers, c/t/coi S/rcmd, is bounded on the noitli l)y 

Middle Smithfield township ; on the east by Siniili- 

iield; on tlui south by Northanijiton county ; on lb''south-west 

by Mainilton township ; and on the nMit!) 

^ 

', 

west by Pokouv* township. The surface of this rown- i| 

ship is partly Lilly and partly level ; a portion of the ! 

township is liuK^stone soil ; nnich of it gravel. Considerable 

attention is paid to agriculture ; many oi tli. 

larms are well improved ami abundantly prodiiciivo 

The U)wnslup is well watered by Smithfield rrcik 

and its tributaiies, Sambo, Broadhead, Sullivan, unci 

by M'Michaers cre

I 

HISTOUY or AfONROE COUNTY. 15!; 

foot of thenioiintahi, falls into the Delaware river, at 

its enterance into the Wuter Gap. It is a very rapid, 

stream, and has several mill seats upon it. 

There are two newspapers published here, viz 

The Jeffersonian liepublican, printed and published 

hy Messrs. Schoch & Spearing ; and The Monnn 

Democrat, by RallVrty If annum. This paper was 

eonnuenced in 183G, 

Near Stroudsl)U.ry is an extensive forge for tiv; 

maiuifactory of bar iron, where a nurpber of fires, 

hariuners, and sonic thirty hands are at work. The 

forjjc. is owned by John Jordan, Esq., of Philadelphia, 

suecessfully .managed hy Mr. Morris Evans. 

The population of Stroud township was, in 182c). 

1,143; in 1830, laiSl ; in 1840, 1,206, exclusive «\ 

the borough, which nmiibered 407. The tax valuation 

of real and personal property, in 1844, was $248.- 

816 00; trades and occupations, $50,420 00; money 

at interest, S26,485 v)o ; i)leasure carriages valued ai 

^2,485. 

STKOunsjimu;, tlu; couiUy scat, is situated in a very 

fnie coiuUry, on tliu K'tt bank of the M'Michael';: 

creek, some distance below where the Pokono empties 

into it, and innnedJately above the junction of the 

^rlnaiomink, or Broadhead creek, with M'Michael'' 

creek. The town is pleasantly situated ; the strecis 

are wide; many ot the houses are handsome, and 

generally staml bir.ck irom the streets, with neat 

small yards before them, ad

152 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. 

corporated as a borough, by an act of Assembly, 

passed February 6, 1615. It contains two academies ; j 

the one was incorporated, March 28, 1814 ; the other I 

was erected in 183S. There are within its precincts I 

five churclies ; one for the EngUsh Presbyterians, one ^ 

for the Orthodox Friends, and the other for the 3 

Friends, or Quakers ; one for the Methodist Episco- 

pal, and a free church. Besides these denominulions, ! 

Baptists ai7.d German Relbrmed preach occasit-iudly 

in the sionc- acadesijy. There are four taverns and 

eiglit stores ii; the town ; also a giist and saw iiiill, an ^ 

extensivo tannery. Population about 700. 

The town and township maybe called "a Qimker 

settlement.'' The inhabitants are enterprising, frank, 

temperate, moral, always ready toextend thehr.ud oi 

friendship to strangers and visitors. 

Stroudsburg Avas first settled by Colonel incoli 

Stroud, oi the fievolutionary army, who had cor)i- 1 

mand here, of Furt Petin, and owned about four I 

thousand acres of iand in tiie vicinity. Five licusos 

had been erettcd before his death, 180G. Daniei 

Stroud, after the di;ath of his father, widened tlio 

j 

main street, sold lots as occasion otfered. In 1335 * 

the town was selected as the county seat. It is said 

f 

by Daniel Strou;!, an aged and venerable citizen of ' 

the iiic place, iîauc, that luuL Fort ^ (>ri Hamilton, jiumiicon, one of oi the ine forts torts that Uiat 

formed a line of frontier posts, extending froui tl^.e 

Delaware, along the Kittatinny mountain, to the Pcv 

tomac river, eruted during the old French and Indian 

war of 1755-60, stood at the west end of the 

j 

] 

* 

town. It is said that two soldiers of the garnsoii, 

walking among the scrub oaks on the brow of the 

hill, where the i cadcmy now stands, were killed by 

a party of Indians iu ambuscade. 

James Young, Cormnissary General, states in his 

jour)ial ot Jmie 2 1, 1750 : " At four, A. M., set out 

from Bosart's ; ai six came to fort Hamilton, af out 

-seven miles from Bosart's—a good wagon road, and 

\ 

; 

j 

> 

| 

j 

\ 

; 

die bind i)etler tlian any I had seen on the north iidc 

of the mountain. f 

| 

| 

' 

* 

\ 

\ 

* 

j 

|

Hisrouy OF monroe county. 153 

^ " Fort Hamiltoti slands in a com field, by a farm 

house, in a plain and clear country; it is a square 

with four hale hastjons, all very ill contrived and 

finished ; the sioccadis arc six inches open in many 

places, and not lirm in the ground, and may be easily 

pulled down. Before the gate are some stoccades 

driven in the ground to cover it, which I think might 

be a great shelter to an enemy. I therefore ordered 

them to pull them dovv^n. I also ordered to fill up 

the otiier stoccades where they were open. 

^'Provincial stores.—One wall piece, 14 good 

muskets, 4 waiit repairing ; 16 cartouch boxes filled 

with powder and lead, 28 pounds of powder, 13 

pounds of lead, 10 axes, one broad axe, 26 tomaliawks, 

28 blankets, 3 drawing knives, 3 splitting 

knives, 2 adzes, 2 sav.'S, and one brass kettle." 

Colanel James Hard states in his journal of March 

2, 1758 : " Timrsday 2d, 1 marched from here, (Fort 

Hyndshaw) at nine, A . M., for Samuel Depue's; went 

by way of Fort Hamilton, to view that place. Arrived 

at Fort Hamilton at two P. M.—viewed it, and 

found it a very poor .^loccade, with one large house 

in the middle of it, and some families living in it." 

In December, 1755, the Indians made an attack 

upon the inhabitants in the neighborhood of this 

place, as appears from the following depositions—one 

taken at Philipsburg, the other at Easton 

Colonel Joseph Stout received one express this 

morning, by a young man from that place where 

John Carmeckk' and Hroadliead live, back of Samuel 

Depue's, wheru they wi;ii' attacked yesterday about 

eleven o'clock, where the barn and barracks were on 

fire, and heard the guns afiring, far Broadhead had 

barricaded his Jiouse, and tiiere were several people 

killed, and I fled to Jchii Anderson for help, and as 

near as I could estimate, there were one hundred of 

the enemy that appeared lo me, and were in white 

people's clothing, only a few match coats. 

Sworn before me, this li;lh Dec, 1755. 

IIENUY COLE. 

:

154 IIISTOUY OP MONROE COUNTY. 

Col. Stout, I desire you would com

HISTORY OP MONROE COUNTY. 15", 

say, that thoy did not see any one killed on either side 

hut James Garland, one of their company, was shot 

through the hand and arm; and further deponentsay 

not. 

JOHN M'MICHAEL, 

HENRY DEYSERT, 

JOB JiAKEHORN. 

Sworn at E

15(3 HISTORV OP MONROE COUNTY. 

morning last tiie rain commenced falling, and cjntimied 

without cessation, until late on Thursday night 

or Friday morning, which of course softened the snow 

and started it running into the brooks and sniali 

j 

i 

5 

streams ar.rand the vicinity. 

On Thursday afternoon the ice commenced runni/'.g 

| 

i 

out of th(3 Polcono an.d M'Michael's, and Broadhea.l 's \ 

creeks, Avhich surround the borough, and before eve/- 

'^. 

ing they, as well as all other streams, were swolli;n ! 

10 a height uavei before known by the oldest iniiabilant5. 

h\ its coursij the dcstructivii element s .vept 

away bridges, lumttc r, one or two small houseii and 

barns, and indeed every species of property along the 

| 

I 

I 

creeks, w^s more or less injured. 

On Broadhcad's creek, the saw mills of William 

.Staples, Jasper Cotant, and several others have been 

materiaUy injured, and nearly all kinds of mills have 

been rendered useless for a considerable time. The 

Analomink Iron Works, of Evans, Scranton & Co., 

about a mile behjw the borough, are said to have been 

seriously damaged, though we cannot at pre^jeiit \ 

make any estinii'te nf the loss sustained. 

On Thursday night, families were compelled to qiiil 

their houses and tiee to those of their neighboi's for 

safety. 

The loss sustained by the county, in bridges, &c.,is 

I 

immense, as scarcely one-tenth of all the county 

| 

| 

bridges have escaped the general destruction. The 

clover mill, saw mill, barn and bridge belongimr to 

James Bell & Brothers, in Sniithfield, have, we uikIoistand, 

been entirely swept away, together with a part 

of their grist mill. 

^ 

j 

] 

j 

The extensive tannery of R. T. Dowing & Co., in 

Pokono, is said to have been much hijured—also that 

of Jeremy xMackey, at Jiartonsville. ])epue S. Miller, 

Ksq., we presume, sustained considerable loss at bis 

tannery, ut this place, The brick house built by Henry 

j 

I 

« 

J 

\ 

f* 

Jordan & Co., on the south side of M'Michael's creek, 

has been considerably endangered by the caving in 

-..'f the baiiK, and fears were entertained on Friday

— ; 

HISTORY OP MONROE COUNTY. ,157 

that it would also hecome a prey to the destructive 

element. But fortunalcly, we believe, it still stands. 

(l^ Since the above was in type, we understand 

that the blacksmith ami wheelwright shops, belonging 

to John Dietrich, imi-keeper, on the north and 

south turnpike road, was entirely swept ofT—and 

most painful of all, a young man from New Jersey. 

who wasendoavoriiig to save the above property, Avas 

drowned, and the body afterwards found some eiglity 

yards below—his name we liave not learned. 

The dam belonging to Peter Keller's mill, in Cherry 

valley, was taken off, and all the dams and bridges 

on Cherry creek. We also learn that the saw mill 

of Michael Rausbury, on Broadhead's creek, was 

entirely carried oil'. We learn that the roads, bridges, 

&c,, in almost every 'lirection, are more or less injured, 

and many of them rendered impassable. There Is 

scarcely a mill of any description along the streams 

in this county, but has been more or less injured 

dams in some instances torn away, and some of tlie 

saw mills swe|)t entirely oiT. 

We heard ii runiured ihat several houses, &c., wert, 

seen floathig down the Delaware, between this place 

and Milford.* 

, Smithfield, or Loiuer Smithjield township, is 

bounded on the north-west by Middle Smithfield 

township ; on the south-east by the Delaware river 

and on the west by Stroud township. The township 

forms a triangle, widi a curved base. The surface is 

liilly ; the soil gravel, and in many places well im- 

proved. It is abundantly watered by the Delawai'..river, 

Mill creek, Marshall's creek, Smithfield creek 

and Cherry creek. 

This township is remarkable for the Delaware 

Water Gap, an openmg, supposed by nrany, to ha\ê 

been forced by the river, through the Kittatinny moun- 

tairj, forming one of the most picturesque scenes ir 

' Mcnrae DoM.oL'at, JariUarv 9, 1841. .

15S HISrOUY OF MONROE COUNTY. 

(he state of Peimsylvania. The Gap has been ck- 

sciibed ill a {.aeccdiu*,' part of this volume. \ 

ill the opening uf this Gap, on terra firma—on 

the rock)- bank of the river is au excellent hotel, kept, 

Ity William A. liroadhead, from which a fine view 

of tlie Water Gap may be had. A gentleman wiio 

visited the Gap, and staid at Broadhead's in 1814, « 

says; •' During our stay we had access to an ln:han | 

burial ground, a iQ.\\' miles above tlie AVater (ia}>, the j 

curiosities of which amply repaid of ilself for oui- visit, i 

The spot is situated upon an elevation, beneath ^v nidi | 

is a beauiilul pi.dti, called by the Indian name, Palia- j 

quara. Here are deposited the mortal remains of | 

those wlio are alike strong in attachment and i jsentment. 

Who, ' when once having drew the ^word 

\ 

j 

never retarneJ it to the scabbard until it was crim- j 

soned in the blood of its aggressor.' '^liere w»; saw | 

and procured many interesting relics. Two or ihree \ 

of the graves had Loen excavated, and among (hcse j 

obtained were the following : Two guns, one on eacli \ 

side of the hidiaii, whose bones only remain—scerui ! 

hrass plates, widi the cruciiixiou of Christ ou une | 

side, and his ascention on the other—a large quanliiy 

j 

of beads kA various colors and sizes—a brass tobacco | 

box—a blanket, and a quantuy of small bells attached. j 

with pipes, &c. These articles were all taken fioni | 

the grave Kii one Indian, the others had nothing de- j 

posited with them save their blankets. They are ^ 

now nearly all in possession of the gentleman who j 

showed us the graves." ; 

Dutotsburg, near the river Delaware at its en- \ 

trance into the Water Gap, three miles south-casi \ 

irom Stroudsburg, is a small village, consisting oJ ten ] 

or twelve dwellings, one store and a tavern. This 

place was laid out bome years ago by M. Anloine 

Dutot, a Fjcnchmau. Mr. Dutot died in 1842. 

This village v/as cnce a merry place, especially in 

ihe spring, when tlie himbermen along the Delav/an; 

had occasion to stay " a night, or week"—regaling 

\Am ; but suice the lumber trade has decreased, and

inSTORr VT JIONROE COUNTY. 159 

the main business transacted at Stroiidsburg, the 

Frenchman's toY/n has declined—the glory of Dutotsburg 

has vanished. 

, Crtf/i,'-',9 MeaJoyj, is a small post village, containing 

four d\vellings, dio lavern, one store, and a BajJtisi 

meeting honse. -whijli is also occupied as a schotd 

house. 

Branchvillt, vv.is hiid o-ut rising twenty years ago, 

by Mr. George Zimmerman. It consists of several 

dwellings, a store, a grist mill and clover mill. 

There are in tins township three grist mills, and six 

or more saw mills. Tlie ])opulalion in 1830, was 

1,080; in 1840, 1,114. Real and personal property 

for taxation, in 1844, §174,329 00; trades and occu- 

])ations, $28,150 00; money on interest, S4,fi50 00. 

It a})pears from liie following extract from a letter 

written by Sanmel Preston, Wayne comity, (taken 

from Ilaz. Reg., Vol. I. p. 439,) tliat this portion of 

country was settled at an early date : 

., In 1787, the writer went o-n his first survêying 

lour into Nortiiami)ten county, lie was deputy under- 

.luhn Lukms, Siir\H;yor General, and received 

iVom liim, by way oi instructions, the tbllowing nara- 

tive, respecting the settlement of Meenesink, on tlie 

Delaware, above the Kittatinny, or Blue mountains : 

Tliat the settlement was Ibrmed a long time beibre it 

was known tu the government in Philadelphia. That 

when government wâs inlbrmed of the settlement, 

they passed a law, in 1729, ttiat any such purchases 

of the Indians should be void, and the purchasers in- 

dicted lor forcible entry and detainer, according to 

the laws of England. That in 1730 they api)oinied 

an agent to go and investigate the facts ; that the 

agent so appoii;tcd v.âs the famous surveyor, Nicolas 

Scull ; that he, J. Lukens, was then N. Scull's a})- 

))rentice, to carry cliain and learn surveying; that he 

accompanied N. Scull. As they both understood ami 

could talk Indian, they hired Indian guides, and had 

a fatiguing journey, there being then no- white inlud)itaj'.i 

i.i tlic upper part of Bucks or Northampton

160 Ki;rroiiY of monroe county. -} 

counties. Tlial they had very great difficuUy to k ad 

their horses through the Water Gap to Meeiiesink 

j 

» 

flats, which uêre all settled with Hollanders; with i 

several they could only he understood in Indian At 

| 

the venera.bl(; Samuel Depuis', they found great lies- 5 

pitality, and plenty of the necessaries of lil'e. J. 

Lukens said the first thing that struck his admiration 

^ 

} 

was a grove of apple trees, of size far beyond any S 

near Philadelphia. That as N, Scull and himself ex- J 

amined the bDuks, vhey were fully of opinion that all 

j 

those flats had at some very former age, been a deep 

• 

lake, before the river broke through the mountain; 5 

and that the best interpretation they could make j 

o( Mee7Uiink was, ^' the ivaier is gone.^' [Doubt- I 

/"/•] 1 

That S. Depuis told them that when the rivers; were \ 

frozen he had a good road to Esopus from the Mine j 

Holes, on the Mine Road, some hundred miles : that 

| 

he took his wheat and cider there, for salt and iieces- 

saries; and did not appear to have any knowledge or 

idea where the river ran—Philadelphia market—or i 

being in the g.iveinment of Pennsylvania. Tl,ey ) 

were of opinion that the first settlements of Hollund- j 

ers, in Rleenesink, were many years older than Wib i 

liam Penn's charter; and as S. Depuis had treated 1 

them so well, liiey concluded to make a survey of his \ 

claim, in order to befriend him, if necessary. When J 

they began to survey, the Indians gathered round 

an old Indian laid his hand on N. Scull's sliouldej-, > 

and said, ^^ Put up iron string—go home l''^ Tliat \ 

tiiey quit, and returned. 

; 

I had it in cliarge from John Lukens to learn more \ 

particulars resitecting the Mine Road to Esopus, &ic. ij 

I found Nicholas Depuis, Esq., (son of Samuel) livinij 

in a spactous stone house, in great plenty and alflu- S 

ence. The old Mine Holes were a few miles above, ^ 

on the Jersey side of the river, by the lower ySwA ©f 

Paaquarry flat ; that the Meenesink settlemetit extended 

forty miles or more, on ])oth sides of the river. 

Tlial ho had well known the Mine Road to E,-op;is, 

: 

| 

j 

| 

j 

*

, 

HI6T0Uy OP MONROE COUNTY. IGl 

and used, beiore ho opened the boat-channel, Ihroiigli 

Foul Rifts, to drive on it several times every winter, 

with loads of v.'heat and cider, as also (hd his neigh- 

•bors, to purch>is(! their salt and necessaries in Esopus, 

having tlien \h: eiher suark'et, or knowledge where 

the river ran to. That after a navigable channel was 

opened through Foul Kit'ts, they generally took to 

boating: most i>\ the settlement turned their trad«' 

down sireaui. uhd the Jvline Road became less and 

less travelled, 'i'hi-j interview, with tlie anhable 

Niciiolas Depuis, li'sj., was in the month of .Imu'. 

1787. lie ihttii appo.in >i to be perlia))s about sixty 

years of agt,'. 1 inteirogiJed him as to the particulars 

of what lie Icnew; as to wluinjand liy whom th;' 

• Mine Road w.:- nu.de; what was the ore they ihu; 

and hauled on ii; v,hul was the date, and Iiuni 

whence or how came th*; Jirst settlers of Mcenesinl:, 

in such great iMUuixa's as to take up all the flats, on 

both sides of the I'iv'i;;', lee fcnty nhles. He could only 

. 

give traditional acco'unts ot" wliat lie had heard Iron 

older peo[)le, wilhcjiu date, in substanc(3 as fnllows: 

"'riiat in s>)uio fii;iiu:r ag(; there eanm a company 

«f miners iVom iloliand—suppost.'d, from the great 

labor that hail l)evjn expended in making that road, 

uboui one hundred nhles long, that they W(;re very 

rich, or great |)et>[)le in working the two nhnes; one 

on the Delaware, 'vlierc the mountain nearly approaches 

the lower point of Paaquarry Hat; the other 

at tiic north foot of tliesame mountain, near half way 

between Delawarf; and l^sopns. That he ever ujiderstood 

abundance of oie had been hauled on that road, 

but nevt;r coiild b^nn whether it was lead or silver. 

That the lust settlers camelVom Midland, to se(;k a 

]5lace of quiet, bring jjcr.rrii/cif thr their religion. I 

i)eliev(' tluiy w rre Aruiinians. 'I'hey followed thi- 

Mine Road to if,' large jlats on the Delaware. That 

smooth cleareil bnul, and such an abundance of largo- 

iipp/' trees, SLUtet] Their views; that they bo7ia ^fiiLbought 

the inijjrovenicnt-^ of the native Indians, most 

of \v horn then removed to Susquehanna. That with

li)2 Hi^rcnci of monboe county. 

such as i-eiruiiiK-d, (hero was peace and friei)d^brp, 

until tli(i yanT 17 jTi." 

I thou Avoiii iH view the Paaqiiany Mine liolos 

There ;ippeat'ed to liave been a great abimdaiioe ot 

labor done tliv^ô, at some jbrmer time ; but the nsouih.-* 

of thes'^ li(il('.-, wcJi! caved lull, and overgrowji wiih 

bushes. I oiMiiliMled to myself, if there evoi- Lad 

been a rich niino under that mountain, it mu^t bt 

there yi;), in .;luse conhuement. The other old ni:n 

tjiat [ converged widi, gave tlieir traditio,ns sin. liar to 

Nicholas Dopuis; and they all apjieared to bo the 

grandsfiiii ol' die lii^t sotllers, and generally, very 

illiterate as Uj dates, or any thing relating to ch oiiO 

logy. 

lu the siUMiior o! 17^9, I began to build ju aas 

place. Thoii' ..auKj two venerable gentlemen m a 

surveying e\pi;(lm(ih. They wej-e the late (jouoral 

James Clintun, ilu' I'allier of the late i)e Witt Clinton, 

and ('liriblopiiir Tappan, l-'sq., the clerk and rrcorder 

of Ulster couuly. for many years before, tla y had 

both been surveyors under General Clinton's fadior, 

when he wa.v Surveyor Ceneral, In order to loam 

some history, iVom gonilonien of their general luio^vlodge, 

1 aoooni|)ainod them m the woods. They i)ot)i 

well knew the Mii;

: 

Hisroiiv or moniioe couktt. 163 

Upper or AJ'jldie Smithêld t(nvnship,\a\ioxinde(i 

on thu north by Piko county ; on tho east by the Delaware 

river, wf,ich separates this township from the 

state of New Jersey ; on the south by Lower Smith- 

lield, Stroud aiia l\»kono township; on the west by 

Ooolbaugh. Tl'3 surface of tliis township is generally 

hilly, and some of it broken ; the soil is principally 

a gravelly loam, })r( tty heavily timbered with pine, 

hemlock, beech, Tiiaplo and oak ; much of it is classed 

among

164 IIISTOIiV OF MONROE COUNTY. p} 

est coriKternaiioa, aiid every thing that has been si.id . 

^ 

of the (îjtrcKS ot' tlie 

upon our own viev/. 

inhabitants, more than veviiied 

I'he country, along the iiv-.r^ 

] | 

\ .| 

is absolacfth/ doserttd I'rom this place to Broadluvid's i I 

nor can th^rq be the least communication betw.cr! n-- ) 

; 

and them hut by large parties of armed men, every 

body being afraid to venture without that security. s

I 

. diey 

HIS'lOJvV 01' MGXUOE COUNTyi. IQS 

tliem iVoiu hence, even sup])osing they were friends- 

«^very body is aiVaid of stirring a step, withont a 

strong guard. 

J h.iartily wish you Avere at liberty to declare war 

against them and ofler large reward for scalps, which 

apj.ears tijc only way io clear our frontieiy of thoê 

savages, and will, I am persuaded, be infinitely cheapest 

in tiie end. For I clearly foresee the oxi)(?nse of 

delendmg oursr.'lves m the way we are in, will ruin 

the province, and be far from ellectual at last, princi- 

pally lor want of a good jnilitia law, by which the 

men mi-ht be subjected to discipline ; for at present 

enter themselves and then leave their Captains 

at their own humor, Avithout a person in the ollicers 

to pumsh them iortfuit or any other misbehavior. 

I have commissioned several captains liere, who 

engage to raise men, but i)rincipally two, who have 

undertaken to range the country between the two 

branches of this river ; for the security of the two 

Irish settlements, in hopes that those wlio have desierted 

by the whole of those on the main branch may 

be induced to reimn to (heir plantations, which alter 

all 1 very much question, so very great are their apprehensions 

of the Indians. 

I cannot say fur certain when we shall leave this 

place, that depending on the coming of the provisions, 

and our getting a sullicient number of men 

Many ot those already here, not being able to march 

Un want of shoes, which has obliged us to send down 

lor a supply to Philadelphia. 

I have but a moment to write, the express being 

ready to depart. I shall from time to time keep you 

lulunned ol any thing that may be worth your notice, 

but at present ihHhhig of that kind olfers. 

I am with great respect. 

Sir, your obedient servant, 

JAMES HAMILTON.

166 KisvoiAir or monroe county. 

In 1757, the Indians again attempted incursior. 

into thi.j pari of tlie country, as will appear from the 1 

following 

: 

It ai'.pears the Indians were doing miscliiei" in 

| 

Northampton county, as appears from the following I 

letters, from Maj. Parsons to Governor Denny, Apvil ! 

24,1757: 

Deposition of Michael Roup. ) 

"The. 24ih day of April, 1757, appeared before, me, \ 

William Parsons, Ksq., «SiC., Michael Roup, of Lower ^ 

Smithtield^. Northampton county, aged lilty two yearî; i 

a person to mo well known, and worthy of credit, and 

' 

being duly sworn, did depose and decUre : ""fhaihis I 

neighbor, Piiilip lôzart, being at Fort Noiris hist 

Saturday woei:, heard a letter read there whu h v/as 

j 

{ 

despatched l>y Major Parsons, to acquaint tho gaui- 

son that he had received information that somi cnemy 

Indians mtended shortly to come and attacl: the, 

j' 

? 

inhabitants at and about Minisinks, and to dt .=iiic 1 

them to be upon their guard, which was soon made 

known to all tiie neighboring inhabitants. j\\id this 

^ 

\ 

deponent further sailh, that on Friday morning iasi, 

John Le Fever, passing by the liouses of Philip l]i-'z:rc\ 

j 

and others, deponent informed them that the iiuliaus 

| 

had murdered Casper Cundryman last Monday crewj 

i 

ing ; ^vdlereupon this deponent went immcdiaieiy to • 

the house of Philip liozart, to consult what was best I 

to be done ; their iiouses being about half a mib \ 

apart. That vhey concluded at last ibr the neii;ldioi-s 

to collect themselves together, as many as they could, » 

in some one house. And this deponent furthfrsuith, 

that he immediately returned home and loadfd his 

wagon as fast as he could, with his most valuable e{- : 

fects, which ha carried to Bozart's house; that a 

soon as hs had unloiultid his wagon, he drove to hh 

son-in-law -'s, Peter Soan's house, about two mucn, 

and loaded as inuch of his etfects as the time and 

hurry v/ould admit, and took them also to Uozuri'' 

where nine families were retired; that a great num- 

jj 

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HISTOBY OF MONROi; COUNTY, 167 

ber of tlie inhabitants were also retired to the houses 

ol' Conrad Bittenbonder and John M 'Dowel ; that 

liozart's house is seven miles Ironi Fort Ihiniilton, 

and twelve from Fort Norris. And this deponent 

further saith, that yesterday morning, about nine 

o'clock, the said Peter Soan and Christian Klein, with 

his daughter, about ttiirtecn years of age, went from 

Bozart's house, to the Jiouse of the said Klein, and 

thence to Scan's houso, lolook after the cattle, and to 

bring olf more eirnns. And this deponent fnriher 

saith, that about half an hour alter the al)ove three 

persx)ns were gone ironi iJozart's house, a certain 

George Uartlieb, who also lied with his lamily to 

liozarl's, and who had been at his own house, about 

a mile irom Soan's, to look after his creatures, and 

bring away what he could, returned to Jiozart and 

reported that he had beard three guns fired very 

•quick one after anotber, towards Soan's place, which 

made them all concUab' the above three persons were 

all killed by tlKJ Indians. And this deponent jurther 

«aith, that their little cimipany were âlVaid to venture 

to go and see what had liappened tbal tbiy, as they 

had many women and cbildren ta care for, who, if 

they had been left, miglit have fallen an easy prey to 

the enemy. And this deponent further saith, that 

this morning nine men of llieir neighborhood armed 

tliemselves as well as they could, and went towards 

Peter Soan's place in order to discover what was become 

of the above throe ])ersons ; that when they 

came within about three hundred yards of tbe house, 

they found the bodies of the said Soan and Klein, lying 

about twenty feet Irom « a'ch other, killed and scalped ; 

but dill not iind Klein's daughter. Soan was killed 

by a bullet which enUxod tbe upper part of his back, 

and came out at his breast. Klein was killed with 

their tomahav.'^ki;. 

The nine men ncv/ inmiL-iiuitely returned to Bozart's 

and reported as above. Tb.at this dei)onent was not 

one of the nine, but that he ;emained at Jôzart's with 

the H\t uen at)d children: that the rest of the peo})lu

itj'S iaSTOHY OF MONUOE COUNTV. 

desired this depoiieiu ro come to Easton,andacqii.vnH 

tlie justice with v/liat had liappened ; that the Tiini- 

Juen did not think it sate to stay to huiy the dea.i, kr 

MICHAEL KOIII', 

Swrorn at Easton, before Wilhaia Parsons. 

•• 

. [Prou.Rcc.yp. 

2\[i:\ 

Letter iiuMi .Major Parsons to Governor Deiu'- 

June '^ 

;;!'J^ 1757, v/ith deposition of Ceo^ge Ehert : 

' 

The depusiii,,]. of (leorgc Ehert, taken before Waham 

Parsons, Y^ni 

On the 20th of June, 1757, personally appc.rnl 

nîfore nio, AVilhain ]ârsons, justice of tlie iM-aco ;,» 

iNortlian.pion county, George Ebcrt, (son of J',, In 

Ebcrt,) lah; of i>lainlicia township, in said counts"'' 

yeojiian, but nov/ o( Easton, in the same roi-ntv' 

ageci sixteen years, and being- duly sworn ^,' 

&c., deposeth and deelareth, lliat on or ab^jut vj 

second day of May lust, lie, this deponent, m.h' 

about eighteen aimed in«n, went with two wa- ) 

Horn Plamiield iownslnp, to assist the inhabit-nii s 

ot Lower Smiili field, who hivd a few days b-- 

lore been attack, d by the enemy Indians, and soni, 

ot the nei-hborliotAl murdered by the savae^ U^ 

hrmg oifsoiue ef their best etfeets; that about'' i oon 

01 the same day, they came to the house of Co' IctI 

-Hittenbender, to which divevs of the neighbors j.ad 

lied—here one of the wagons, with about ten men 

with this deponent-, halted to load their wagon v-»h 

the poor people's effects; and the rest of the compi, 

ny, wiUi the other wagon, went forward about a mil, 

to the house of Philip Pozart, to which place oI'mts 

of the ne.glibrus h,'.d also lied, with such of ili.-u 

ortects as Uicy could, in their conjusion, .a.rv 

len; that tins deponent and Conrad Pittenb. ndcr 

leter Sliaeifer, Johi, Nolf, Jacob Roth, Mi, lu,oi 

isîersler, a certain Keins, and one man more, v i^cs^ 

lu'ime this deponent has forgotten, went aboiu f.'.: 

-

'f 

J 

niSTOKY OF MONROE COUNTY, lb!< 

miles into the woodsj to seek the neighbors' horsei^ 

whcreot'they foand six, and were returning with them 

to within half a mile of Bittenbender's house, when 

they were atiacked by fifteen French Indians, who 

fired upon tliem, and killed Bittenbender, Jacob Roth 

and John Nolf, as ]ie behcves, for that lie saw thent 

fall, one dead, and took Peter Shaetfer, who receivetl 

two flesh sliots, one in his arm and the other in the 

shoulder, and thi,': deponent, prisoner; this deponent 

received a shot. 

And this depoiient farther saith, tliat the Indian.* 

frequently talked French together; that they set od' 

immediately with tlieir j^risoners ; that on the evening 

of the next day, they fell in with another com])any of 

about twenty-four Indians, wh(i had Abraham Miilerj 

with his mother, and Adam Snell's daughter, prison- 

ers. The Indians, with their prisoners, marched in 

parties as far as Diahoga ; that at this ])lace the Indians 

separated, and about eight, the foremost, took 

this deponent and Abraham Miller, with them, and 

ihey never .saw any of the other ])risoners alterwards; 

that on tluir way on this side of Dialujg;),, 

they saw Klein's daughter, who had been taken pri^1oner 

about a week before this deponent was taken : 

that a day's journey beyond Dialioga, they come to 

some French Indian cabins, where they saw anothei 

prisoner, a girl about eighteen or nineteen years old. 

who told this deponent that her name was Katharine 

Yeager ; that her father was a locksmith, and lived 

at Allemengle, and that she liad been i)risoner ever 

since Christmas ; that at this place the Indians loosed 

the prisoners, this deponent and Abraham Miller, 

whom they had bound every night belbre ; 

that find- 

ing themselves at lilierty, they, tliis dej)onent anrl 

Abraham Miller, made llieir escape in the night, and 

the next day afternoon they came to French Afarg,'.rett's, 

at Diahoga, having Ijeeii prisoners nine days; 

that they stayed about four weeks with her, during 

all which t'mo she concealed them and supporied 

tl'.i e.i. ; that some French Indians came in search of

170 lUilTOlW 0)P MONROE COUNTY. 1 

the prisoners, wlicreupon Margaret told tliem it v.'as 

not safe for Ih^nn to stay any longer, and advised tiicm 

to make the best of their way homewards ; that all 1 

the Indians at, and on this side of Diahoga, were vory i 

Ivind to thcin, and helped and directed them on tiieir 

way, John Cook was particularly helpful to them; 

that while ihcy were at J)iahoga, they were informed • 

that the Indians had killed Abraham Miller's nuitlier, | 

who was not able to travel fnither, and 

danghtcr, who had received a wound in her 

Snell's 

leg by 

j 

a fall, wl'cit they lirst took her prisoner; but 

heard noil, ii.g ot i^'ler Sheafter; lliat in three 

they 

days 

| 

| 

j 

they arrived at Wyoming by water, as Margarei had i 

advised ihcm ilial ; at Wyoming the Indians directed 

them the way to f-'urt Allen, bnt they missed ihoir l 

way, and came die road to Fort Hamilton, where 

they arrived lasi Saturday a week. 

— 

And tliis deponent further saith, that the fri(îuliy 

{ 

s 

Indians told them that the enemy had killed Mar- « 

shall's wile, at the First moui-Uain. And further this ] 

doj)onent saith not. j 

GEORGE EBERT, \ 

Sworn at Eaîon, before W. Parsons. 

| 

This d(-']>onent saith, that they nnderstood by die I 

French Indians, that they had three days farther to 

| 

' 

go, from die place whence they escaped. 

Letter whh ilic al)Ove deposition was also read 

from Major Farsuns. on the 2(Jth June, 1757, givin? > 

an account that a large body of Indians had attacked i 

and burned Broadhead's honse, whicli is about a mile i 

from, and in sight of. Fort Hamilton, and that th-y • 

liad killed and scalped one Tidd, besides killing a 

\ 

^Tcat mnnber of creatures. Prov. lice, p. '329-'J[, \ 

| 

j 

j 

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j 

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HISTOUT OP MONUOE COUNTF. 171 

Letter from Conrad Weiser to William Parsons. 

Gentlemen: 

Reading, April 21th, 1757. 

I am from good aiUhoriiy informed, that tlie enemy 

Indians iuive attackeil the frontiers in Northampton 

county, and that intelhiênce has heen given to an 

oilicer of credit i:y a iriend Indian, that a considerable 

body of French \w\ their Indians design again to 

invade the proviiKic, r.nd a number are on their way 

to fall afresh ou t!u' Minnisinks, or posts adjacent. 

The particular view of the Ohio Indians at this 

time, as it is reasonafiy supposed, is to obstruct thu 

Susquehanna Indians mtlieir treaty with the ICnglish, 

and to prevent therdvy a well establisjied ])eace between 

tlienr. How the forces within the battalion I 

have the honor to command, may be disposed oC upon 

the expecttul incursion of the savages ami the French, 

who ])ronipt thinii wilh a cruelly tupial to that of the 

barbarians, I cannot -ay, hut you uiay dejiend upon 

it, that I siiall cndeavitr tit serve tlie couiUry by doing 

all in my power i) succor every distressed part, as 

soon as })ossible. 

But, gentlemen, you must know tlialthe number of 

forts which are on the east side ol' the Susquehanna, 

will require a very l;)rge part of the lirst Ijattalion to 

garrison them, and to allow of scouting ])arties, to 

watch the motion of the barl)arians. It will theretore 

be necessary, that tlie inhai)itants should do all in 

their power to defend themselves and neighbors 

against an enemy, whom we know by experience to 

strike terror wlierever they commit their ravages. 

I reconnnend it to you, to persuade; your neighbors 

to associate themselves innncdiately into companies 

under discreet oificcrs of their own choice, that we 

may be able to preserve urn- own, and the lives of 

our tend(;r v/ives and children. Great nnist be the 

advantage \v

172 CiiiiJlvi; OF MONKOE COCNTY. 

much rellcctiutij upon what happened about sixteen 

iiioiilhs ago, to bring to our minds the amazement and 

confusion witli v/hicli the spirits of our people Mêre 

affected upon a sudden incursion of Indians, of whose 

number wo were never well inlbrmed. It would up 

pear as if I liud an ill opinion of the dispositions 

of my countrymen, to susggest any special motives 

upon this occasion. 

I only pray that divine providence may direct you 

to propose measures, and then you cannot fail of success 

in an endeavor to serve yourcouiUry inutiicli 

service you may d'jpend on my promise, that you will 

be ever joiiicd. 

Gentlemen, 

• 

• 

.'^ 

• 

• 

' 

— 

Your most humble servant, 

CONRAD WEISEK. 

Lieut. Culontl 

Price township is one of the north-eastern tc v/nships 

of Monroe county, and is bounded on the north 

and east by Pike county; on the south by Middlt- 

Smithlield lownsinp; on the west by Coolbangh. 

The greater part ol this township is hilly and broken, 

and a dense fore.-:,!, with a si)arse population, not e:cceeding 

four hundred. It is emphatically a lumber 

township; there are ten or fifteen saw mills, and one. 

grist mill in it. Agriculture has received but little 

attention; ihough parts of it, if properly cultivated, 

would yield a sutliciency to repay the husbandnian 

for his labor. JNlueh of the land is classed among 

unseated lands. J:]jghteen thousand acres of this khid 

of land, in this township, were ollered for sale by the 

county treasurer, in 18-11, to pay tlie arrears of taxesdue 

thereon, and die costs of sucli sale. 

The real and (jcrsonal estate, exclusive of unseated 

lands, assessed in iSl-1, amounted to ^25,523 25; 

trades and occupat'ons, ^511,700 00. 

Coolbaush township, a northern townshiiJ, ^^ 

bounded on the north-west by Luzerne comity; L^n

HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. 173 

the north by "vVayne and Pike counties; on the easi 

by Price and Middle Smithfield townships; and on 

the soutli by Tobyhaniia township. The siirtacc; 

of this townslsip is liilly, and much of it rocky. 

Through tlvis region there are several lakes or 

ponds; the T-jbyhiinnu creek and several of its 

branches, ris(^ here in the rnidst of a wilderness 

it runs wcst^vard, :u"id falls into tlie Lehigh, below 

StoddaiisvîUe. Tiie streams, through here, 

are generally rapid, and do afford an incalculable 

amount of v/atcr power for useful purposes, some i.i 

which is empl'iyf.d by saw mills and grist mills. l>y 

far the great(n- part of this township is thinly inhabii- 

ed. In 1840, there were only one hundred and fiftynine 

inhabitanis in the township. Much, or the greater 

portion, is unseated land. In 18-14, about twentythree 

thousand acres of land, in this townslii}), was 

otTered for sale Ijy the treasurer of the county, to pay 

the arrears of taxes due thereon, and to defray ihf 

expenses of sales. 

This to\vnshi|), i'.ad region of country, generalK , 

present altraclions lo the sportsman; deer and bear.-* 

are common, and all the streams abound with trout ; 

the hnny race is abundant. 

Nagleville is a post village, laid out about twenty 

years ago, by George Nagle ; it is on tlie Drinkci 

turnpike road, consisting of six or seven dwellings, 

one store, a tavern, and two saw mills. 

Spruce Grove, a post village, laid out by Jasp( i 

Vliet, some iilteen or twenty years ago, contains eight 

dwelhngs, a tavern, and a blacksrhitli shop. 

Saxville, a post village, laid out at least thirty yean< 

ago, by George Sax, consisting of ten dwellings and 

one tavern. Tins place is well known as the ShcuL:! 

of Death. 

T'obj/kanna township, a north-western townsinf.', 

is bounded on tiie north-west hy Luzerne comity ; 

ufi 1 on the north-enst by Coolhaugh township ; c i 

:

174 mî'DHV OK MONBOE COUNTF. 

the souih by roia;no ; and on the west by C;l. l,;;n 

county. Tiic .jurlace of this township is hilly ; the 

soil gra vol, anJ rather barren. It is watered by the 

j 

Tobyhanna crock, and several smaller streams. The i 

country, here, i.s a euinj)arative desert, and very ihinly 

| 

inhabited. Mach of the land is unseated. In IS-M, ! 

more than thirty tlionsiuid aereswere oliered for sole 

by the treasurer oJ' the county, to pay the arrears of 

taxes there DH. 

This tov/n-jliip,it is said, contains nearly thirty iûw I 

mills. It is a great township lor tindêr. IK'r.i are 

the Shade:-; of ikvah, or the Gnat Swamp, C'-vcrcd 

with dense forests of jnne, and, until lately, littlj inhabited; 

but since the improvement from AT; uch i 

Chimk to Stoddart.jvillo has been completed, settle- ' 

ments have been nuide, and suw mills erected. It is \ 

well tind.

HisroaY OP aLoNROE GouNTr. 175 

took a wrong ro:id, and the troops were obliged to 

lie without their tents, or covering, during a verystormy 

night. Encamped at Chouder Camp, 

October 13tli—Marche(i to Bruiker's nnll, whero 

the Pack horses cunio up/ 

Pokono tow'/u'h'p is bounded on the north-west and 

riorth-cast by ToI)ylKxnha township and Middle 

Smithfield; souiii cast and south by Stroud, Hamilton 

and ChestnathiU township ; on the west by Carbon 

county. Tlie surface ol' this township is mountainous; 

the soil, gr.ivel, and nuuually barren. It has its name 

from the Pokono mountain, which extends across it. 

The Pokono is the second range of mountains running 

parallel widi the Kittatining, and is distant from 

it from seven to ten mdes. It is very much broken, 

and irregular, more so than the Plue moniuain or 

Kittatining. This mountain bears several local names. 

In this township ii is called Pokono', near the Lehigh 

river, Pokopoko or Pocko-Pocklo; west of the Lehigh, 

for several miles, Mahonuig and Pokono townshij) 

is drained by the wesi branch of Ihodliead's creek, 

and by Sullivan's, Pokono and JVI 'Michael's creeks. 

Sullivan's creek, which rises in Tobyhanna township, 

and llowing an eastern and southern course, falls into 

Smithlleld creek, was named after General Sullivan, 

who marched ihrougii this regionof country, with an 

army uf 2,500 men, to Wyoming, in 1774. 

Much of the land, in this township, is classed among 

unseated lands. In 1S44, tlie treasurer of the county 

otlered to sell about twelve thousand acres, to pay the 

arrears of taxes due thereon. The population of this 

township was, in 1830, 564; m KS40, 973; there were 

in it, two grist mills an

no JJiSTOIlY OF MONROE COUNTT. 

Barton, tv/elyc or iifteen years ago; it consists ofpiphl 

cr nine d^velllngs, one store, a tavern, a grist nnli up 

extensi.ê tannery, a blacksmith shop, and a coopw' 

Tann^rsv;//e, a post village, laid out by Josepi. 

Mmgor e.glucen or twenty years ago. It consi i. 

o about twenty houses, two stores, one tavern, . 

blacksnmii .hop, a tannery, a school house, a /,vitbran 

and (rernian llelornied cliurch. 'i'his '• 

i>l-ice 

rcrnarlc,-,),],: l[,r th,.nnn-der of the Larners, by ri„- 1,;: 

dians, r.l,.,.UL iJ.e 

) .ur 17;} tavern, or Pokanose (Pocono) 

j 

^ 

Tu sL'- T,, 

? 

''"'V''" 

P-^"^'^^ lime 

out 

wheri 

saiJ u..c.n«a. 

,lua u « ai about the lime of the Kcvolutio,,. 

:

HI.STOIIY OV I){ONROE COUNTY. 177 

point—20tli, to Choiidcr camp. 

nal—Haz. Ilcg-. xw.jj. 12. 

— 

Sullivan's Jour- 

Chestnuthill iowiuhlj) is bounded on the north by 

Pocoiio tuwnsliij* ; on the north-east by Pocono and 

Hamilton; oii the south by Ross; on tlie west by 

Carbon coviiUy. The surface of this township is 

partly hilly and partly level ; tiie soil gravel, it is in 

some places being improved, and amply repays tlie 

labor of the fanaers; thongh some considerable portion 

of the land is classed among unseated lands 

about one sixtli of llie lowiisihp. There are two prominent 

hills ; a lofty siuu', called Chestnut hill, givmg 

name to thetownsliip, and Prospect hill, in the northwest 

part of tlie township. The township is watered 

by rioeth's, or Head's creek, which rises in this lownship, 

and by a &oiith-v/estern course, flows into

ns irisTOiir OF monuoe coxjstt. 

cut the belly op(3n, and used her otherwise inhiiuKui 

ly. Tliey killed and scalped a daughter; and he 

thinks diat three other children, who were o[ [he 

family, were burnt. Three oflloeth's daughters Mf 

missing, willi another woman, who are supposofl Ic 

be carried (J ir. In the action, one Indian was kiil"d 

and another woandud. And further saith not.'' 

JOHN MICHAEL HUTK. 

Svvoin ai Ejston, ihe day and year above said, before 

me. 

WJVI. PARSONS 

This township cuntains five grist mills, niiieteiu, 

saw mills, a I jithern and German Reformed chinch 

The popiilatioi, in 1830, was 940 ; in 1840, lins, TliC 

assessment ol' leal and personal estate in 184 1, was 

$129,730 00; trades and occupations, ^34,780 00. 

About lour thousand acres ol" unseated land \v:\i, of 

| 

I 

fered for sale by the county treasunjr, to pay tlio ai 

* 

rears of taxes due thereon. I 

7?o^.5 ioui)i--,/i.'p is bounded on tlie north by, ( in s( 

nuthill town.ship ; on the east by Hamilton ; o!^ th:-, t 

south by Northampton county; on the west by (';n- i 

bon county. The surface of this townsiiip in the i 

south, is mountainous ; on the north pretty level ; soil s 

gravel and 

pretty well 

some hmestone. Mucli of the land n 

iuijiroved and yields abundantly. Ii is 

j 

| ' 

drained by the head waters of the Aquanshicola 

creek, which rises about a nnle east of the Wind Oap. 

and rumiing lln'ough this township a south-westerly 1 

course along the Bine mountain, falls into tlie Lchigb ) 

river at ita entrance into the \Valt:r Gap. ([ is ti 

rapid stream, and drives several mills. 

The JVind Gap is a shigular o])ening througli tlio 

| 

' 

mountiuHj tlirough which, no stream passes; but (lie ! 

almost level crest hue of the mountain is here depressed 

nearly as low as the country on each side foi 

; 

'IS. t'iov, Kec. p, n-l 

\ 

^

HISTO«r OF MONROiS COUNTY. 17*» 

a notch iu the mouhiain, of peculiar convenience foi 

the passage of liuvellers and teams, and towardj< 

whicli the leaciiug roads on botli sides converge, and 

pass tlu-ough it hi one great tiioroughfare. 

Tiie nortliciu iurnpiko from Easton to Berwick, 

passes through tiiis township. A considerable portion 

of the land is classed among unseated lands; 

several thousand acres were offered for sale by the 

county treasurer in 1844, to pay the arrears of taxes 

due thereon. 

It contains eigiit grist mills and nineteen saw- 

mills. The population ui 1840, was 987 ; at preseni 

rising 1,100. Assessment of real estate in 1844, was 

.$11:3,599 00. 

Kun/clesviile, bearing the name of its proprietor^ 

was started about fifteen years ago, consisting of 

seven or eight dwellings, one tavern, one store, a. 

school house, a (jerni,:in Reformed chiurchand a grist 

mill. 

Hamilton townshi;) is bounded on the north by 

Pocono township ; lu the south by Northampton 

county ; west by Ross ; and north-west by Chestmit- 

hill township. The surface of this township is diver- 

sified, mountainous, hilly and level ; soil gravel ; tlie 

east end of it is pretty well improved. It is drained 

by M 'Michael's creek, Pocono and Cherry creeks. 

Thehefidsof Aquhischieola and Cherry creeks sprhig 

not very far I'rom eacli other. These might be con- 

nected, and following tliem by a canal, would open a 

new outlet for coal fie. ni the Lehigh to the Delaware. 

The populationof 1830, was 1,428; in 1840, 1,508. 

The assessed valuation of real and personal property 

in 1844, was !3'lJ9,7.jO 0

160 HISTOU? OF MONROE COUNTT. 

Keller, more than thirty years ago, consists of te.is 

dwellings, one store, one tavern, a school house, a 

grist mill, a clover mill, and a German Reformed aiui | 

Lutheran chinch near it. When the comity si-ai tor j 

Monroe was .'ôlectcd, there were strong hopes Kfi- \ 

lersvillo would ])CC()me the site. Mighty eflbrts v/eic 

j 

made to eilVc: this—all failed—Stroudsburg wns 

chosen. \ 

Fe7i7iev6viile, a post village, laid out by He.iiv I 

Fenner. about tlie lime Kellersville was comnu'uci (i, S 

consists .'i'tv/olvc o: thirteen dwellings, on(i store, via- i 

tavern, two gri^t mill?,, a carding machine, iuid ilic I 

usual number of haiidicrafis in villages thus sitiial^'d. 1 

Saylurwilh , a pdst village, laid out by (,'liarli'.« 1 

Saylor, about t^vcnty years ago, consists of er' oi- « 

twelve dwellings, one tavern, one store, a v jiî.du 

\ 

maker sho{> ahd coo[)i'f shoj). 

The inhabit;. nts of this township, as well as ;!;.• \ 

early setilersoii the Delaware and 15roadliead ti\ (^1:, 

were much exposed to the incursions of the savagi >, 

| 

J 

who committed many murders, under circumstain . ^ i 

of great cnielt)-. j 

In a letter dated December 18, 1755, it is sini.d. | 

"tliat a ])arty of Indiuns had gathered behind ili:- 

Blue mountaiiKS, to th(! number of two hundred, und 5 

had burned tlio greater part of the buildings, and \ 

killed upwards of" a hundred of" the inhabitii/ii:>,"' j 

Another letter dated the 20tli December, says ; '-'Wx 

barbarous and bloody scene which is now open in dir 

| 

-' 

upper parts of Northampton county, is the most lamentable 

thai perhaps ever a])peared. There \v.w\ 

,| 

; 

be seen horror ;\nd desolation; populous settlemei;tf 

deserted; villages laid in ashes; men, women ami 

children massacsed, some Ibund in the woods ver^ 

nauseous, ibr want of uiiermcnt, some just reckins 

| 

| 

| 

s 

from the hands of their savage slaughterer^-:, and } 

some Iiacked and covered all over with wounds !'' 

To this letter was annexed a list of sevenfy-aigh. 

| 

| 

per5:ons killed, and more than forty settb nieiu' % 

I'urned. % 

] 

| 

| 

\

^ -—s

CHAPTER XIII. ./,..,. 

CAKJjON COUNTY ERECTED, &c. 

Caebon CouNry u'as erected out of Northampion 

:uid Monroe counties, agreeably to llie following act 

ol' Assembly : 

lie it enacied by ibe Senate and House of Repre- 

sentatives ol'tlie Cominonwealtli of Pennsylvania, in 

General Assembly met, and it is hereby enacted by 

tjie authority of the s:unu, 'Jliat all those parts of the 

iroumies of Northam|iton and Monroe, lying withm 

the following bounds;, viz : Beginning at the north- 

west corner of Noriiianipton county ; thence, southwardly 

along the said line, till it intersects the northorn 

line of Lehigh county; thence, eastwardly along 

the top of tiie Blue niouiitaiii, to the south-west corner 

of Monroe county; thence, nortliwardly along 

the Monroe county line, and continue the same poiitt 

of compass in a direct line throughTobyhanna town- 

ship, in Moin-oe county, to such point as may strike tiie 

Luzerne county line; thence, westwardly along the 

Luzerne county line, to the place of beginning, shall 

be, and the same is, according to the Ibregoing lines> 

declared to be erectrd into a separate coujity, to be 

called Carbon: Provided, That territory from INfon- 

roe county, sh.dl oiJy embrace the township of Pc/u/. 

Forest, and tiiut ilie said tov/n.'^hip shall con.^tilute tlic 

wliole of the icnitory taken from Monroe county, by 

the provisions of this act. 

John D. Bowman, Thomas Weiss, John Fatzingci, 

AbiMni Shortz and Samuel Wolf, were appointed 

u .A^jCs, to receive written olfers of donations in re;d

183 HiaTOBY OV CARBOJT COUNTY. 

estate and moneyj towards defraying the expense.^ ol 

the lands rnd public buildings, for the use of the 

county of Carbon. 

Passed ;îid approved March 13, 1843. Law.^ of 

Pa., for 1813,/'. 85. 

Carbon vuuntij.—Extracts from records 

First—December term, 1843. 

of court, 

Hon. N. B, Eldred, President, Asa Packer and 

Jacob Dinkey, Associates. The grand jurors were 

Charles J. Eallioi, Abraham Beer, William leaker, 

Jonas IkiuiuaU; Andrew Coo])er, John Dcnulcr, 

Henry Ebert, Jacob Fitzinger, Abner Huston,.h;seph 

Hahn, Peter Haberman, Abraham Harris, Daniel 

Kister, George Kissner, John Lomison, Barnard M'- 

Clane, James M. P.Iarsh, Abraliam JNIayer, N. M. 

Penrose, William Reng, Reuben Peters, John Frainei 

Daniel Wentz, W. H. Wilson. 

. 

, Attorneys at llie iirst court—W. H. Butler, Janie-', \ 

R. Strulhcrs, 0. W. Wheeler, Pros. Jit., F. J. 0.sl)or)i, 

W. Davis, Jobu D. Morns, Silas E. liuzzard, Jolif 1 

W. Hornbeck, d. W. 'i'ates, J. Clancy Jones, I (din I 

Sliouse, Christopher Looser. 

admitted. 

Others have since bLon 1 

| 

Carbon couniy is bounded on the north-we.^1 by I 

Luzerne couniy ; east by Monroe ; south by Nortii- ] 

ampton and L> high ; and soutli-west by SchuylkiU 

county. The couniy is about twenty miles long and 

| 

I 

nineteen broad ; comprising an area of about tinoe f 

hundred and ninety square miles. 

j 

The county is generally mountainous, and there is- 

\ 

not much arablu land in the northern portion of ii 

; \ 

Mahoning valley, in the south-west, is well adapted to 

agriculture, and if carefully cultivated, is abundandy 

productive. The south-eastern portion contains some 

| 

| 

land tolerably well adapted to cultivation. Tliongli, 

j 

I 

in an agricid'tnral point ol" view, it is not, and never \ 

will be, a farming country; still it is rich in niinoini 

wcjiddi, and valuable for its forests of pine. 

Tbe hllnc m.ountain forms the southern boiiu.kj'y 

— 

,

nieTOnf OF C.1RB0N COtJNTr. 183 

Noilli of tliis iH a succesyion of small ridges, called by 

various iianics, such as Firc-Line-hilt, Mahoiihu] 

lidge, Muurh Chunk mom\[ix\n,oa the west of the 

Lehigh rivei. Bi-yond this is the Broad moiintaht, 

extending to ilio easiward of the river, and still far- 

ther east, is the Fohohupo, or Poko)io. JNorth of tho 

Broad 7)1011)1 la hi are Spr'uig moimtam and Bald 

ridge. Tliesc nioniitauis rise from six hundred to ;i 

thousand feet above the Lehigh river. 

This county is v.'eil supplied with water. Besides 

the Lehigh, iheie ai'c many other streams, yielding a. 

vast amount of waicr jiower ; but little of whicli, 

Jiowever, has heen a]}plied in that way, except to 

saw mills. The piinci|'al streams are the Lehigh 

river, Aquanshicola creek, liig creek, Lizard creek, 

ALahoning creek, .Nesquihoning creek, Quakakc 

creek. Hay's creek, IJickory creek, or Griffith's ruii> 

Muddy run, and several others—all of which will be 

noticed in tlio sequel. 

The Lehigh river is a brancliof the Delaware, and 

receives its name Ikjui the (ibor)gi)ics of this country, 

who called it /.cc/ia.or Lcchaw, which, it is said, tt; 

signify West Bra)ivfi. It rises in the Great Sivantp^ 

or Shades of Death, and in its course divides 

the county into two equal parts. The foUowiiiij: 

graphic descrijition. from the peu of a gentleman 

,who visited this county in September, 18-14, is lierL-. 

introduced as a description of a part of the county 

and the river. 

K.\ILROAD FROM WILKESBAKRE TO \V1HTEHAVE.\. 

Bending uiy course southward, I left Wilkesbane 

in the morning for Mauch Chunk :—This route passes 

over the railKjLuJ from the ibrnier village, to ^\''hitehaven, 

owned by the Lehigb Navigation Compmiy, 

and intended \:> tjunect dieir improvement with ibe 

valley of the Sus([uehamia. 

The \v

181 fttsTotii' OP t.v.iuau cousrr. M 

number oi inchucd ijUmes are finished, and a tujin-ji k 

of one tliOLisand eight hundred feel in leugtli is in f: 

progress. 

ascending 

"We uaversed the line hy horse pov/cr: 

ilie ]jlane.s at a snail pace, and descend- 

\ 

t;} 

ing theui hy the force of gravity, with fearful 

rapidity, A her dashing through excavations and 

over enibjuikments, in the descent ol" a hi avy 

| 

y 

grade, for several nnies, we reached Whitehaven at i. 

noon. 

I 

DESCENT OF THE LEHIGH. f 

Whitehaven is snuated at the head of the Lenigh , 

Navigation, and some eight or ten miles above iho 

| 

commencernenL of the coal formation. Its t.ade 

| 

is therefore confmed to the running of lumber; i 

and this, judging from the number of saw mills \ 

in the place, and its vicinity, and the imni'^tise I 

quantity of board piles that, for several miles al.'ove 

| 

it, literally line the banks of the river, must be ex- i 

tensive. 

We here tool-; passage in a packet for iVIai.'Ji 

i 

| 

Chunk. \'ou will excuse a somewhat detailed accrniiit 

of my passage down this tair stream. The det;r.'iit 

| 

I 

of the Lehigh is interesting, both on account of iho 

|| 

almost gigantic construction of the canal and the inag- 

nificent wildnesa of the natural scenery, Thefîllin i 

the river, between Whitehaven and Maiich Chuuk, a 

| 

distance of but iwenty-live miles, is 642 feet and is ? 

overcome by 29 locks, varying i'rom filteen to upwards 

of tliirty feet in depth. These locks, even before the 

destructive fresli^t of 1841, were substantially con- I 

structed, but thifse diat were then destroyed, liuve 

| 

been since rebuiU on a larger and still more maf-sive 

I 

scale. They have been widened so as t* admit two * 

boats at once, and irom the inspection of an unprnr;j 

tised r^ye, I judged their walls to be five feet in iliicii- 

| 

ness and tlieir abulments ol" solid mason work tu iheii { 

"wickois, arc uUod and emptied as exi>editiou^l'v as 

tho (;ighi feet iock.j cjIi our state canals, lkl^vt.u^ 

| 

^ 

| 

|

niSTony op cahbon countt. 185 

Whitehaven and Mauch Chunk, tlie navigation is 

4hnost entirely Ly slackwator. 

|. The scenery, inimrdiately upon leaving Whitehaven, 

is striking, but inrjroves gradually, a.s you descend 

the Lehigh, iitifil. soiiui miles above Mauch 

Chunk, it heconics wild and picturesque in the highest 

degree. The dads w-aters ot' tlie river, dyed almost 

to a hlack, hy t!i(3 sa]5 ot" tlie hemlock soaking in it, 

every where enclos>;d by mountains of from 300 to 

700 feet in height, and confined to a channel, scarcely 

.'300 feci ivide, trace a circuiious course through, perliaps, 

the wildest ar.d most rugged mountain region 

of the State. Determined to enjoy it to the utmost, I 

furnished myself with a prime principe, and taking 

my seat upon the deck, fairly drank in the varied 

magnificence of the ever ciiaiiging scene. Beneath 

me, the Lehigh either reposed in a hlack, glittering 

sheet, or hounded over its rocky channel in wreaths 

of snow-white foam; ; bout me, on every side, for 

hundreds of feet, rose the pine-caj)ped mountains, 

iiore, dark, jagged and precipitous, iutersjxnsed oidy 

with occasional forest iiees, growing in the ravines, 

or amongst tlie clel'fs and crevices of the rocks; now, 

covered with rolling stones nearly to their summits, 

bald and desolate; and again, sloping to the river's 

bank, evenly clad with bright green foliage, and affording 

the eye a gratefid relief from the almost painful 

grandeur of the ruder scenes; above me, was the 

deep blue sky of a summer's eve, enhancing the elfeci 

of every view, by the contrast of its serene expanse 

with the wild contusion of the mountain scenery 

around. Every where the mountain sides were spotted 

witii tall, gaunt, lealless trunks of withered pines, 

blasted by lightmng, or scorched by the hand of man, 

and reqinring but slight aid from the excited imagination, 

to seem tlie gigantic guards ol' these Satanic 

fortresses. Along the course of the river, nut a single 

rod ol arable iaml is to be ))erceived; the mountains 

sink sheer to the water's edge. In wild magnilicence 

of :::":ry. 1 liave seen notlung on the Hudson, thu

186 HISTOKF OP CARBON COUNTY. 

Susqiiclianna, or the Juniata, to compare with th*. 

banks of the I.ehigh. 

Whilst seated, as described above, I felt a roniantic 

ardour gia dually creep along my nerves, and being, 

irem reason and experience, most liorribly prejudiced 

against the sentimental,! sought refuge Irom my feelings 

by diving to tliat most common-jilace of all 

places, the cabin of the canal boat; but I was not 

destined to escape so easily. Instead of the relief I I 

anticipated, my ears were greeted with an aiix(/rou& ^ 

'^ 

passage between the cabin boy and our pretty-cook 

maid — "iiah! I stcetched myself upon a settee, aii.l | 

amid pleasmg reflections upon the omnipoteu'\3 ef 

love, tliat is able to convert the steerage of a ear. a! 

| 

I 

boat into a paradise, composed myself to slecj), and 

| 

awoke at Mauch Chunk. 

— 

Lancaster Examiner (tnd \ 

Herald Sept. 18, lS-i4. 

Tliere are, btisidts J\Iauch Chimk, the county town, 

and a number of small villages, which will be noticed 

below. There are several grist mills, and a mini];er 

of saw mills ia this coimty; also several I'uriiî /rv 

tbrges aiu] Ibundrics, 

The county i^ divided into the following town:.l,i;i:.-: 

viz: East Peim, Ahuich Chunk, lâusanne. Upper 

Towamensing, Lower Towamensing, Penn FoiCit, 

Mahoning and Banks, having an aggregate population 

of about eight tliousand. 

The early history of Carbon county is merged -vilh 

that of Northampton, The iirst settlement was ,iiadu 

in Mahoning township, on the north side of Mahoning 

creek, about half a mile above its junction with {\\\i. 

Lehigh river.

fj 

1^!,! . TOPO(;nAI'llY 

CHAPTER XIV. 

OF TOWNSHIPS, Ac. 

Mauch Chunk lo ton ship is named from Mauch 

Vhtink mountain, in ihis township. The name of 

the mountain is oi' Indian origin, and in the language 

•of the Lcnni Lcnupi, dj- Delaware Indians, is said to 

\ \ signify /?ear //KJiiulai)!. 

This townshi]) is hounded on the north-west by 

Lausanne; north-east l^y Upper Towamensiiig; south 

by Mahoning; and north-west by Schuylkill eouuiy. 

The surface i){ lliis township is niountaiiKAis, including 

parts ol' Chilli h Cluiuk, Ncsipuhoiiing and Broad 

mouulains, on thi; wc.M îdc of ihe i.ehigh river; and 

parts of the lircjud nriuntain, ]5ig Creek mountani, 

and Kettle mountain ou the east side of die Lehigh 

river. 

Tiic soil is gravel, and naturally, not very productive, 

yet portions of (his townshi]) are arable and 

have been made productive, by proper attention being 

paid to the cultivation of the land. The township 

is drained by Heaver creek, Mauch Chunk creek, 

lloom Uun, N(S(juih()iiiiig creelc, and Kettle creek. 

The i)riiicii)al of these are Mauch Chunk, and Ncsquihoniug 

creeks. 

Mauch Chunk creek roeeives its name iVoni the 

moiuitaiu, at the fooi oi' which it takes its rise, and 

tracing along the mountain, in a very direct line.', falls 

into the Lehigli, on the west side, about a mile and a 

half below tlie NosquiUoning. It is vtiry rapid, auii 

]ias Several mills erected on it. 

?.' 'adhunintr creek rises at the foot of the Broail

188 rilS'J'OKY OP CARBON COUNTT. 

bctweiî Jk-.uul inountaiii and Maiicli Chunk moun- 

tain, Avliicli rise like a rampart on each siJ(^ it fulU 

into i)ie Luhigh, at Lausanne. It is very rapi^l (i:r 

about two miles from its mouth, where it becornes 

more gentle, passing througli natural meadows. Seve- 

ral mills are erected on it. 

A large portion of this township belongs tu ihc Le 

high Navigation and Coal Company. Tiny own 

rising of thirteen ihonsand acres. Several ihonsaiid 

acres, in this touîship, are classed among unseated' 

lands, ilic gji.;:l r [jortion of whicli was oficrod, ir. 

1844, liy tiie county treasurer for sale, to 

rears of taxes dne tln'reon. 

))ay the iiT- 

The population, in 1S30, was 1,3 18; in 18 !u. y,l J'', 

The county lax, for l&i 1, was $l,5xJl 5(j; for slui..> 

purposes, i;^1.05(j 29. i 

JSfaudi Hhitnk is tlie princijjal town in this ti;v, u 

ship, and in tlie county, and is, at ])resent, ihe seo.; i 

of justice fur the county. It is on the west bank of \ 

the Lehigh riv or, twelve miles above the ^Valei• (i;.p, \ 

(brty-six mil .s i)y the navigation iVom Eastcn, and \ 

nearly thiity iVom Allentovvn. Thu situation i;; ro- | 

mantic and incluiesque, the town, in the gltit^ Ijcing ! 

encircled by sleep mountain acclivities, which vise, in j 

»iome jihice's, in'ccipilously from the river, to a height 

j 

of eiglil huniivi'il or a thousand feet. 

The place was first started about twenty-siivoi. 

\ 

years ago, in connection with the operations uf the 

j 

'; 

Lehigh Coal and Navigation Company, winch v.'-as 

Ibrmed, in its ineipiency, lifty years ago, ant! fuliynij 

\ 

corporated in 18 Ki. The town was originally their , 

property, and its i)rosperily is wholly owing 1j the \ 

enterj)ri/.e of die ( onipany. 

The (/hic; is nnich resorted to in tlie summer sciir 

%on, on ['jcount of the many stupendous ati .iclions, 

and goiiural o()jccts of interest. The inhahiiafU:; arc 

jrwraL i/ilclli^:;ent and hospitable. Its improvouieii^ 

iu C:V:;ry respucl, has been considerable, wiihin \\\'^ 

j 

| 

\

HISTORY Of f AUBON COUNTr. IS9 

last ten years. Niimeruus are the descriptions given 

n- of this place by gentlemen who have visited here. A 

IJ3 I writer in the Village Record, says: « It was in July 

1825, when I lasi visited Manch Chunk—alewstejis 

from the landing on the lôhigli, brought me to 

Mauch Chunk llulcL a large and elegant building, 

\ \ well tinished and fufni-alieil, and crowded with well 

\ dressed, fashion;' ijie ijeopic;, evidently strangers, on a 

visit to the miiu :, .'i glance around the tea-table, 

told me tliere v/as luilh beauty and grace among the 

female visitants. Aii câiniuation of the book', where 

oaeli person's naiii-; is ji:citrded, informed me that 

some of die first characters and taleut of the stat(- 

S\' were guests at tlu; mansion." 

: 

J 

I 

. Another 

writer, in the Ihicks County IntelUgen 

cer of 1831, says: "About two miles south of Mauch 

Chunk, wo came upci the lov/er boundary of the 

Company's lands, where the hills on each side of the 

river, acquire a great elevation, and have a very bold 

appearance. The river is confined in a narrow bed, 

and the road on one side, and the canal ami tow-patli 

on the other, are cut al-mg the base of the hill, as far 

from the river as the nature of the ground would ad- 

mit. 

"The irregular course of the river, and the hills 

mounting up several hundred feet, rendered the view, 

up and down tlie river, rather wild and dreary, until 

we approached near enough to see the neat white 

buildings of JNIauch Chuidc, which presented a beautiful 

contrast to the hiiis, covered with deep verdure 

above, and the swift Uowing and dashing current of 

water below. Upon entering the village, tlie first 

objects which presented to the eye, were the exten- 

sive buildings occupied by Mr. Kimball, as a hotel, 

and which is k.^pt in good style, not inferior to many 

of the fasliionable hotels of our Atlantic cities. Higher 

up the jiank' of ihc river, arc several extensive saw 

mills, and a large grist mill, the store house, boat 

liouse, railroad slioot, &c., with here and there a 

dw.-ll.ng. /Vboin the centre of these improvement.':.

, 

190 uir.TDur of carbon countt. 

. 

p' 

t 

I' 

there is a break m tlie hill, and a considerable ravine, t 

down which flows a stream, su/Ficient for turning va- 

rious kinds oi machinery. Along this stream, u h«,Te- I 

ever the ground will admit of it, most of the dwelling 

houses and worivshops are erected." \ . 

" 

There is perhaps not another place m Pennsylva- t 

nia that surpasses Mauch Chunk, where so much of 

the truly sublime and picturesque is so magnificenily t 

displayed, as here. This place is well worthy a visit. 

' 

S 

and a journey of hundreds of miles, to make it. To 

describe all tar.i is attractive, would transceni die. j ., 

limits pixscribcd us. '>' 'I'he coal nunes, the inchaec} ; 

planes, and all tho machinery and appliances nece.ssa- 

- 

ry for mining, tjansjiorting and shipping coal, may be |< 

seen here on a large and improved scale; while die 

pure mountain air, gushing I'ountains of the coldest- tand 

purest water, v.'itli beautiful views of wild and 

sublime mountain scenery, give additional charms to 

| 

j 

the place.'' i:, 

The public Liiildings are the court house and jj.ii T 

The court house was presented to the county by ¥< 

tlie LehiLdi N;ivigation and ('oal Company, 'ilu % 

citizens had it ie])aired, and iitted up lor forensic p\iv- |5 

poses, and erected the jail, at an expense of about four 

f 

thousand dollais. There are three churches here ; 

| 

Presbyt(;nan, IMeUiodistand Evangelical Association. « 

Tlie OÂ/ Fc7/;/'6' erected a commodious hall in i8^J4. 

There arc three tavc^rns and six stores here : a foimi' 

i 

dery, owned by John Fatziuger, Esq., and a furnact 

below the town, owned by Mr. Richards. 

* 

There is a weekly paper published here, trailed 

The Carbon Cnunty- Gazette, edited by A. L. Foj- 

ter, Esq. Some twelve years ago, Mr. Foster cuinmenced 

tlie Mauch Chunk Courier in this place, 

The population, which is an exceedingly industrious 

one, is between eleven and twelve hundred. One of 

the first pMblic school houses that is to be met with in 

the state, out of Philadelphia, is to be foiuul at 

Mnacl! Ciiuak. Tlie schools here are well condncscd 

*' 

*

HI5T0KY OF CAKUON COUNTF. 19l 

This place sufloicd miicli tEoni the great freshet m 

January, ISll. 

At Munch Chiiiik, tlio town was inundated, and 

considerable damage sustained. The Courier Extra, 

Siiys : 

'' It is impossible to estimate any thing near 

the truth of the amount of damage our citizens have 

sustained—^very one has lost more or less, and some 

eighteen or tv/eniy families within three miles of out 

village are left dependant upon the mercies of the 

more fortunate, without house, bed or provisions; 

and three childn^!: of Mr. Adam ]5eer, (the mother 

barely cscupeing with un infaiU hi her arms,) and the 

mother and three children of another, have perished 

in the Hood, as their houses were borne down by its 

dreadful course. The bodies of two of Mr. Eeer's 

children were recovered from the water, and should 

tile other be found, the friends of humanity will receive 

the thanks of the afllicled parents, by communicating 

the information to them," 

As it may be interesting to the general reader, 

place is given here to tlie following article. As this 

township forms a very ilistinguished portion of ihc 

coal formation of the the state: 

MAUCH CHUNK MOUNTAIN. 

" Under this title, it is proposed to give an account 

of the famous coal moinitain,and tlie magnificent improvements 

of which it has been the cause. The 

name of this mountain is of Indian origin, and in the 

language of the Lenni Lenappi, (Delawares,) is said 

to signify Jieat' mount a'ni. It forms a very distinguished 

portion ol' the coal formation of the state, and 

we are told that we owe our knowledge of its mineral 

treasures to sheer accident; that a hunter discovered 

the coal bed^ while in search of game, beneath 

the roots of an uptorn pine. The following accouni 

of this importatit event is given l)y the venerable Dr. 

Thomas C. James, of rhil;idel[jhia, who, in the year 

1601. Ill company vvîth Aiuhony Morris, Esq., duruig

192 nisroitv of carbon county. 

an excuiiioii lo some lands on tlie Lehigh, their joinl 

property, visited tlie mountain. |-5i 

''In ihc course of our pilgrimage, we reached ilii' /> 

summit oi tiie Mancli Chunk mountain, the present t^ 

situ of tlie mine, or rather ([uarry, of anthracile coal 

At that time there were only to he seen three or loui 

t^ 

M 

small pif => \vlii(jh had nnich the appearance vi tlie 

** 

commencement of rude wells, into one of wiiit;h, our ^: 

guide ( r!il(ip (ri)iicrj descended with great case, |^ 

* 

ajid threw up some pieces of coal for our examina- 

lion. AftL-r whicli. whilst we lingered on ihu spot, fe 

conternplitiiig ilut wildnussoftlie scune,]ionL'st Phili]) 

amused us widi the following narative of Uie ori^mvai 

^ 

'^' 

discovery of this most Vcduahte of minerals, now prornising, 

from ils g(;n(Mal dilfusion, so much of acahh 

and comfort lo a, great portion of Pennsylvania. 

" lie said, wiieji he iirst took up his resid«a:-e i:i 

|^ 

f 

|, 

| 

that dislrict of country, lie huilt for himself a j-otigh Z 

cahin in the f(nest, and supported his family hy the |proceeds 

of his rille ; heing literally a hunter (f ilie I? 

hack woods. The game lie shot, including hear .uul 

deer, lie currien to the nearest store, and exchai g(^d 

for other necessaries of lite, liut at the parliculai 

| 

| 

* 

tinie to which ho then alluded, he was witlioiU a siij)- I 

ply of food for his family ; and after heing out ail 'i 

day wiUi ins gun in quest of it, he was retmniny, | 

towards evening, over the IVhiuch Chunk mom:t;dii, V 

entirely unsuccessful and dispirited \ a drizzling rain t 

beginning to fall, and night approaching, he bent hie S 

course homeward, cuusidering himself one of the most f 

forsaken of inunan heings. As he trod slowly b J 

existence of coal in die vicinity, U occurred to him, i 

that diis might he a portion of that ''• alone cutL'' of I 

whi. I' lie had henid. lie accordingly carefully i )ok ^ 

d withiiim to liis cahin, and Uie next day car '.nt it | 

f 

||

inSTOllY OF CARBON COUNTY. 193 

to Col. Jacob Weiss, residing at what was then known 

by the name of Fort Allen. The colonel, who was 

alive to the subject, brought the specimen with him 

to Philadelphia, und submitted it to the inspection ol 

John Nicholson and Michael Ilillegas, Esqrs., and ol' 

Charles Cist, an ii'ielligent printer, who ascertained 

its nature and qualities, and authorized the colonel to 

satisfy G inter lor his discovery, u})on his pointing out 

the precise, spot, where he ibund the coal. This was 

done by acceding to Ginter's proposal, of getting 

through the forms of tlie patent ollice, the title of a 

small tract of iaiid, which he supposed had n«!Vt-i 

been taken up, comprisuig the mill seat, on whicli he 

afterwards built the mill which alforded us the lodging 

of the precc'hng right, and which he afterwards 

was unhappily d(.q)ii\ ed uf by the claim of a i)rioi 

survey. 

'• Ilillegas, Cist, Weiss, and others, immediately 

after, (about the beginning of the year ll'J2,) formed 

the " Lehigh Cual Mine Company," but without a 

cliartcr of incorpi>ration, imd took up 8 or 10,000 

acres of unloeaied laiul> including the iMauch Chunk 

jnomitain." 

" The mine now wrought was opened by this company 

; but the diiticnhies of transporting the coal to 

market were then insurmountable, and their enter- 

prise was abandoned. The mine remained in a ne- 

glected state, Ufc,cd only by the smiths and others ot 

the inmiediate vicinity, until the year 1S06, when 

Wm. I'urnbull, Esq., caused an ark to be constructed 

at Lausanne, which brought to the city two or tlncr 

hundred bushels. A portion was sold to the manager 

of the water works, for tlie use of the Centre 

Square steam engine. Upon trial here it was deemed 

rather an extinguisher than an aliment of hre, wa^ 

rejected as woriTdess, and was broken up and spread 

on tlie walks uL the surrounding garden, in the \)\iur 

of gravel. 

" The !ugi,\,lature, early aware of the importance ol 

{1x2 n.i vigatioji of the Lelngh, passed an act for its im- 

M

194 lITsTOUY OV CARBON COtlNTY. 

provemcnt in 1 771, and others in 1791, 1794, I7i;b; 

1810, 1814 and I&KJ. Under one of these a company 

associated, and at^ter expending more than 20,000 

dollars in clearing o\it ehanneis, relinquished their do- 

sign of perfecting the navigation of the river. 

" In the meanwhile the coal mine company, de- 

^ 

Birous to render their property available, graritcd M 

leases to several individualy successively ; the last, for |> 

a term of ten years, with the privilege of cuttiiig 

timber from then- lands, for floating the coal to nrarket, 

was made to Messr.?. Cist, Miner L Robinson, iipou 

the condition Hint ihey should send to Philad.:lpliia 

| 

f 

^ 

1 

10,000 bushels of coal per annum, for the beiiefit of 

the lessees. These gentlemen loaded several mkh 

with coal, only three of which reached the city, and 

| 

| 

I 

they abandoned the 

in 1815. 

busijiess at the close of the v/ar 

| 

" During the war, Virginia coal became very scarce, 

I 

f 

and Messrs. \Vhite & iM'skine Hazard, then engaged 

in the manufaciure of iron wire, at the falls oi' thr 

Schuylkill, havuig learned that Mr. J. Malin had sue- 

| 

| 

| 

ceeded in the use of the l.ehigh coal at his rclhiiL' 

mill, procured a cart load of it, which cost tbuni a 

dollar per bushel. This quantity was entirely wastt '1, 

without getting up the requisite heat. Another cart 

load was, however, obtained, and a whole night v/as 

| 

| 

I 

f 

, 

spent in endeavoring to make a fire in the fmnace, i 

whentlie hands shut the furnace door, and departed 

from the null iii despair. Fortunately, one of diem. | 

who had left his jacket in the mill, returning for it in I 

about half an hour, observed the door of the lin\iLCc 1 

to be red hot, and upon opening it, was surprised to 1 

I 

find the interior at a glowing white heat. 1'he other i 

hands were sunnnoned, and lour separate parcels o! 

| 

iron were heated by the isnme lire, and rolled beiore 

j 

renewal. The furnace was then replenished, and as I 

letting the fire alone had succeeded so well, that \ 

method was tried again with a like result. \ 

"Thenceforth Messrs. White and Hazard coiuncca \ 

die use of anthracite coal, which they procured iVoni 

| 

|

IIISTCnr OF CAiU'ON COUNTY. 195 

Schuylkill county, in wagons, and occasionally in flats 

by freshets, and also from Lehigh, in one of Messrs. 

Miner & Go's arks. Tiius instructed in the invaluable 

properties of anthracite, Messrs. While and Hazard 

having disposed of their works on the Schuyl- 

kill to the city of Piiiladelphia, turned their attention 

to the mines of ihe Leiiigh, with a resolution of 

creating adequate nieans for transporting their wealth 

to market. 

"In January, ISiS; they jointly, with Mr, Hants, 

obtained the control of the lands of the Lehigh coal 

mine company. In the succeeding March, the legis- 

lature granted to these gentlemen ample power for 

improving the navigation of the river Lehigh, and 

vested in them, their heirs and assigns, the absohuî 

and exclusive use of the waters of the river, not incompatible 

with the niivigation, and the right to levy 

tolls upon boats, rat'ts, $ic., descending the river, and 

also upon ascending it, in ca.se a slack water navigation 

should be made, upon condition : 1st. That they 

made a descending navigation within six years, from 

the mouth of the iês(p;ih()ning creek to the Delaware, 

aild from the (ircat fulls to the Nesquihoning, within 

ttventy years. ^. Thit incase the legislature deemed 

such navigation suliicicnt,the graiitees should convert 

the same into a complete slack water navigation, 

erecting one lock or otherdevices, overcoming at least 

six icet fall, yearly, until the whole should be com- 

pleted. 3. That in Case of abuse of the privileges 

gtanted, or negl(;ct t6 comijlete the slack water navigation, 

within twenty years after reqilisition made, 

that the state might resume the grant. 4. That the 

state might, after the expiration of thirty-six years 

from the date of the grant, purchase the rights of the 

grantees to tlic navigation. And 5th. That upon 

such purchase, or resumption, in case of forfeiture, that 

the state sliould fulfil ail ilic obligations enjoined by 

this act, upon the aranteos. 

"For the purpose of obtaining funds to carry this 

fact i. i ) alfect, andcor.duct the mining t>perations ad-

19() Hf^TiiJ!/ OK CAUBON COUNTS. 

vantagL'iii.sly, Messrs. White, Hants and 11,1/.:;:.. 

formed, v;iih otlicis, two associations in July, ISls; 

the onv.;,denoiniuatod " The Lehigii Navigation Ci:m:pany," 

ior \v\\o^c use, tliey granted to trustees, Ly 

deed dated I()i!i August, IblS, ail the right vested in 

them by tlie above ineiitioned act, to the benetits oi 

the river Leliiah, reserving to themselves certain residuary 

ja'ciits and exclusive privileges in the niaijuge- 

| 

\ 

| 

ment of the company ; the other, denominated *' Tho t 

Lehigh Coal Company," for whoso use they alô conj 

veyed to trastoes, cortain estates in sundry tracts oi 1 

coal lands, leserving also to themstdves certai i rt.\;i- 

duary prolils, and exclusive privileges in the m.' iiage 

ment of such compan)-. ) 

"The navigation company commenced the. iui- 

provement 01 t1ie Lehigli in August, 1818. In 1820, 

j 

. 

coal was senl tj Philadelphia, hy an artificial navi- i 

gation, and ikAd ai ^58 50 per ton, delivered jI iho | 

door of the jnuchascrs. 

"The following ]dan \vas adopted, to render ih:7 

passage oi' the liver niore I'acile. The obstacles i.i th"^. 

bed ol' tlie \i\:v \\c\\: removed, and thirteen ii,.hi.'. 

with sluices oi various heights, were constru .I' d .m I 

pine logs, at aii average ex})ense of three thoiis>a,i I .) 

dollars each. The gates of the sluices, of a pcriilias J 

construction, 'Acre invented by Mr. White, (to wlioui 

\ 

the company are ind(d)tGd lor many ingemu.is im- 

})rovemen(s,) and merit particular notice. The gate;; j 

in the sluice or lock were attached to the flooring by i 

hinges, and rose by the force of water admitted from i 

a fioom, constructed parallel with the lock, and when 

suspended, forming, a section of the dam. When tlie \ 

floom was closed, the water beneath the gates passed 

-" 

otf, and they fell by their own w-cight, and the pies- 

sure of the llu.d f om the dams. The dam ser v'cd a 

double purpose^ forming pools of navigable water. 

and reservoirs. At fixed periods the arks were passed 

| 

* 

with great rapidity through the sluices; and tjie sud- * 

deu ciliux of water gave additional depth and v'clociiy 

to the stream belo\'/ These sluices, admirably adap'; 

| 

1 

| 

| 

| 

j 

| 

; 

* 

*.

'.. HTSTOPY OF CAilBON COUNTY. 197 

^(1 to the original plan, iiave proved inefficient for 

canal navigation, and have been, in a great measure;, 

and ])erhaps aUogether, abandoned. From Flaston, 

the arks pursued the natural channel of the river to 

Trenton, whence a steamboat towed them to the city 

in gangs of oiglitecn or twenty together. The arks, 

emptied of their freight, Mêre broken up and sold, at 

a considerable loss to tiie comi)any. These arks were 

rectangular biu'ges, sixteen feet wide by twenty l'et;t 

in length, connected by iron hinges, so that they accommodated 

themselves tu the motion of the AVaves. 

" During this amelioration of tlie navigation, l\ncoal 

company erected mills for grinding grain and 

sawing lumber, anti tbe buildings necessary for shel- 

tering their woik j) -ople. A large quantity of coal 

Was nncovered at the mine, by removing from its 

surface a gravelly loam, from a few inches to four 

feet in depth, and disintegrated slate from two to four 

feet. This process h is l)ecn continued, until the excavation 

has a supei-ficial area -of ten acres, and a 

depth varying iVom diirtv' to se\ enty feet. A road 

was made totlh' simmiit of the moumain, distant troui 

die river nine miles, which wiis soon alter paved with 

stone, or tutupiked in the best manner, upon which 

seven tons of coal were conveyed with ease, on t\V(j 

wagons drawn liy I'oar horses. 

''In 18:i0, till? two comi)aiiies were amalgamated 

under the title (»f " T'lC Lc/iii(/i Coal and Navlijâtioi, 

Cotnpanij \^' and Messrs. White & Hazcird, having 

in the interim acquired the interest of Mr. Hants, 

they obtained tor themsehes in the union, the privi- 

leges which liad been reserved in the original organization 

of the separate companies. 

"By. an act ot' assembly passed 13th February, 

1832, the Lehigh Coal m\i[ Navigation Company was 

incorporateil, iiiid the property of the j^rior associa- 

atioii^,. ami tin' i)iivileges created by the act of 181.^, 

were iuv('st(,'d iri rliein. Their capital stock was limited 

to (5-1,000,000, chvKled into shares of $50 each 

I an f ihi'-. cnpital, their funner proj)erty ft)rmed pan 

,

198 HV OF CAIIBON COUNTY. 

They were eaipowered to commence a slack watc 

navigation upon the l.eliigh, within a year iV(,ui tiip 

date ot the act. To this company Messrs. \V ^ II 

became p.iriics, as sim^)le stockliolders meruly. 

"To lucilitate the ascent of liie river, tiie comparr 

?esolved on a lock navigation, on which steam hoai^ 

might be cmj)loycd. Accordingly a l..ck was built 

in ] S2-. at IManch Chunk, measuring oik Jm-idred 

and (hmy-iive lectin length, and thirty in n-jdil, 

and the canal, ot m,ore than a mile m len-th, annexed 

to It, Avaaexcavatod five feet deep, and its baidv. lined 1 

withstojie. Iûi as tliis mode was very evpm-ivp ) 

and the state had commenced the Delawarr .anal j 

fromEasion h, VmsuA, a change in the plan L came \ 

exppdient; and m \S21, the company haviM^ lu- j 

creased Uiuu" j'unds by the sale of ten thousand sh'a's 

the balance ni then- capital, determined on inakin- a ' 

canal navjgali..n, which should correspond u iih Sic 

Delaware canal This great work, extendin- iVoi,. 

Easion to JNIauch Chmdc.a distance of ibriy-siv u'lUand 

ihriMi quarters, consisting of tuu nnles of ppol ' 

and thiriy-six milts and thn-e cpiartes • 

of canal .. wv^ 

connnenced m the snmmer of ls-7, and was in ( muH- ! 

tion to auihoii'.c tho ciaupany to exact toll llaiv,;;! I 

m July, 182IJ. The can^l is five Ibet deep, Ibri --fiv,. j 

leet wide at Uie bottom, and sixty feet at U.\i- the 

banks are inn, and lined chiefly with sloj..^ :' 

' 

the 

ocks arc twen!y-two Ibet wide, and one huiuhvd uh t 1 

long, and are adapted to pass boats, suited 10 rlir ) 

JJelaware caiiH, m ].an-s. The ascent of three ban- j 

dred and sixty-lonr fbet, is overcome by fifti-fnu- 

locks and nine dams. The whole of the nvc r im- ' 

provement, Irom its commencement, as a des.vn Jn.u , 

navigaluai, to us final cnn.pletion, as above, iiu hidi)ia 

the amonnl paid .0 WJnte & Ila'/ard fbr thoir pro": ! 

perty, rights and privileges, and the extm-ni .binent 

01 Hants claims, cost about $l„558,000. ^ 

'I be toll 

houses erected aloi.g the canal, are of the rnnsi sub- 

^tantiPl and comfonabie lînd ; and in the con^plotio;. 

31 tliiv JiObic ^vork, hi Uu- langua-e of tb- iK'tiii

HISTOf.V 01' CARBON COUNTY. 199 

manager, ' theic has been no money expended for 

oiiianient, lliough no money has been spared to render 

il sound and ])ernianent.' 

"huving thus noticed the operations of tliis enterprising 

coni])any, in ini[)roving tlie Lehigh from 

Eastoii to ]\I;iU'h Chunk, we proceed to consider 

tlieir labors more immediately connected witii the 

raising and shipment of tlie coal, 

"Maucli Chunk momitain rises precipitately from 

the Lehigh river, wheie il is also the head of the Nesquihoning 

mouiiiiiii!, v>'hir-.h, at a short distance from 

the river, diverces iVoni M;aieh Chunk proper,towards 

the N. W. The j\Laiich Chunk extends S. W. about 

thirteen miles, to the Little Schuylkill river, which 

divides it Irom the 'J'uscarora mountains. Panthei 

creek separates it on the rKnlh from the radiating liill 

of Nesquihoning, and the Mauch Chunk creek divides 

it from the Malioning on the south. The vallies 

througli which these creeks run, are deep and narrow. 

Exi>loratons have been made in various parts of this 

mountain, and coal bus bten discovered through its 

wlutlti extent. 

'' The geological sti iicture of this coal formation is 

extremely simple. The upper rock is commonly a 

sand stone, or a fragmentary aggregate, of which the 

parts are more or less coarse or fine in dillerent situa- 

tions. In this region there is much pudding stone, or 

conglomerate, and nmch that would be called gray- 

geologists. In these aggregates 

wacke, by most . 

the parts are of every size, from large pebbles to 

.sand. The pebbles are chieily quartz; and even in, 

the firmest rocks are round, and appear to have been 

worn by attrition. The cement is silicious, and the 

masses frecptently possess great firmness, resembling 

the mill stone grit, and SiUid stones of the English 

coal measur(!s. Oenei'ith this rock there is usually 

some variety of argillaceous slate, which commonly, 

though not aniversolly, forms the roof of the coal; 

iiometimes the sand stone is directly in contact witl.'

200 inSTOKY '.f CAKnON COUNTV. \ I 

the coals, (ho t-laio being oniitted. The slate aL^t* 

forms tliti jIco;. 

" The groat luiho, as has already been observed, i>: 

' 

at the sumniil of the mountain. The coal is uacovered, 

an .1 fairly laid open to view, and lies in stupendous 

maii;sey, wliieh are worked in the open air, 

as in a stoiic quarry. The excavation is in an anuu- ) 

i. 

lar area, and entered at dillerent points by roads cur 

through the coal, in some places quite down to tlic 

I 

( 

' 

lowest level. The greatest ascertained thickne.'^.-, oi 

the coc'il is fifty-four feet; in one place, it is sup](0^0(i i . 

to be one hundrcil ; but is connnordy from twi'lve to ) 

Ihirty-five feet. Several banks of tliese dimension^' 

f i 

are exposed, inUiruplcid only by thin seams of ^liitu, ( 

running iâialkl v/iib the strata. 'Jîe latter arc in- 

| 

elined generally ;a angles, from five to fifteeu degri es, 

and folloN\^ with great regularity the external form n( 

the mountain. In some places they are saddle > 

shaped; hi son;-' juLsilions they and the attend;iiit i' 

strata are wondofully contorted and broken ; ami in ', 

one place, b()th 'lie vertiral, yet at a tiluirt disi;ii.!C:: f 

n.'turn to the geiu'ral arrangomont. It is im))o.s.-iij(

HI3T0KY OF C.vRP.ON COUNTY. 201 

indulge in speciilalioii on ihe origin of coal measures 

generally. But the liiniis of our volume hnpc\ us to 

forbearance. Yet Ave will avail ourselves of the oc- 

casion to say, that we adopt the general opinion, that 

coal is a vegetable deposit, composed of masses of 

timber, collected by poweri'ul currents of water ; and, 

that we now behold new coal-beds forming in many 

of the western v/af-rs. v/Ihm'c 5niles of rafts are formed, 

sunken to uiilaunA u depths, and covered with 

strata of earth, variously comjxised. How far thesf^ 

immense aggregates of vt-itîation may, in the course 

of time, become causes of >iil)iurraneau fires, we will 

not attempt to conjecture. ]hn, that extraneous vol- 

canic force may give new forms to the regions in 

which they lie, we dci-m j^robable, and that at some; 

future— ]ierhaps very remote period, these beds of 

timber, convert/.'d into coal, and tlieir intermediate 

and incumbent strata of earth turned into rock, may 

be u[)raised and brolv'i:U into tho various Ibrms which 

distinguish the anthi-;.i'i(e couiUry ot' Pennsylvania. 

Such a process M'l- (.-oi.ceivt; wouUl be but a repetition 

of that, which (.ontiifulinl to the lt)rniation of the 

Maucli Chiudv mounts' in. 

'' There are railroads leading through the mine, for 

the purpose of conveying the coal to the main road; 

and others on which the rel'use coal, rocks, and rut)- 

bish, arc made to descend in cars, by gravity, to ditferent 

i)oints, at which such materials are discharged 

down the side of the mountain. These rail ways are 

conlimied over the Vidleys, and the rubljish thrown 

from them has already Ibrmed about a dozen artilicial 

hills, sliaped like a steep root', and terminating almo:>t 

abrupUy in a descent of hundreds of feet. The cars 

are guided, each by mie man, who at a proper place, 

knocks open oiie end. and diseharges the hâd. In 

some instances cars iiavc rim olf I'rom the end of th.- 

rail way, and the guides h.ive been thrown down the 

moumain ; 

I.-ut, f Uing r.niong loose rubbish, siuh ac 

cidents hnvo nor proved I'aial 

n.-ides die in''oinbustible reluse, there is smai-

202 nisroRY of cauuon^ countf. 

and inferior coal enough here, to supply the fuel ib: \j 

a large city lor years. It is not now sutficiently valu- f •*, 

able for transportation. Small coal is used sucessl'ully j. 

at Mauch Chunk and elsewhere, in burning lime, and 

at some future day may be advantageously empkA'cd f. 

in other manulaetures. 

|^ 

"Two niines have been recently opened witltin a 

^ 

niile of the laree one; they are portions of the sarue f 

areat ma:->\ and ]>reseni an inexhaustible supply of 1; 

iael. f 

''^Notwiih.-tauding this great abundance of coal up-^ 

| 

on tlie summit, hopes of procuring it from a pait of 

the mount tin la-arer to navigation, have induced ifie 

•'company" to /.xcavate a tunnel two hundred feet 

below the preripituus ridge, and within two and a 

half miles of Mauch Chunk. This great eiiterpri:ê 

was comn.enced on the 1st JNhirch, 1824, before the 

construction of the rail way to the "great mine," under 

the impression that the coal strata here dijwecl 

to the soulh. 'i'liis supposition i)roved erroneous, r light, - - - 81fi71 

| 

Liunb(;r (Ihv i'.ir-i.i].es and odier fixj 

1 

turos.j fauiing tools and materials, t 

end sno].'lic5 foiiiands, - - -. JOS 5-t I 

; 

| 

^ 

| 

|

iriSTOP.Y OF CARUON COUNTT. 203 

968 days, one horse blov/iiig wind, - 160 80 

Sui>ei-iiiteiHlance, _ - _ . (jso 00 

$2 6,8 12 00 

" Shafts wore suuk eiglity feet in the table land, a( 

the base of the narrow- lucky ridge; and good coal 

was found after peiielrating seven feet of earth and 

slate. Coal has beeti struck in the horizontal tunnel, 

and though it is not deemed expedient to work it, the 

expenditure has not been in vain. The tuiuiel will 

serve to drain, and give access to the great coal bed 

above it. 

"When the comj'uny became satisfied of the present 

inexpediency of making further progress witli 

the tunnel, tjiey resolved to lay a rail way from 

Mauch Chunk to die great mine, which they commenced 

under the direction of the indefutigable Mr. 

White, their manager, on the 8th of Jamtary, 1827, 

and finished, so as to pass the first load of coal down 

the whole line, in tiiree months and twenty-six days. 

''The raihxKul conunences at the Lehigh river, anii 

ascends at (In: rate m' 1 loot in 3 1-2 of the slant; tlu: 

whole asceiu to the top of the promontory is 215feei, 

and the slant 700. The loaded wagons descend this 

inclined plane to the river. At the top of the hill is a 

building, containing the machinery, by which their 

descent is governed; the most important part oi 

which is a large cylinder, revolving horizontally, and 

serving to wind the rope attached to the ears. The 

latter are rolled by lumd on a circular platform, Avhich., 

revolving horizontally upon a perpendicular axis 

brings the wagon upon a line with the inclined i)laiie 

upon which they are launched. The raj)idity of their 

progress is in a measure checked, by the weight of an 

ascending empty wâgjn. which being fastened at the 

otiier end of the rope, and moving on a parallel niil 

way on the same piaiie,necessarily mounts as rapidly 

as the einply one descends; and wlien it arrives at 

the top, it is transferred to die up]ier rail way by 

iPXiTj!:; of^ the circular platform. But this \nni\dl

204 lliSTOUy ')P CARBON COUNTT. % 

(ômilei'poiso is insuiiicient to moderate properly ihf.. M 

i;peed of the doscomling car. Tliis object is etiectu- ^ 

ally gained by an iron band which clasps the drum, 'k 

find which, compressed by a lever,controls its mouon. 

Accidents have been rare in this descent, but the cars 

^ 

k 

have sometiuies deviated, or broken loose, and one 

man has bucn killed. 'I'hey are now guarded ag;iiiist 

* 

by a very snnple. yei ingenious contrivance. TIk V'u] l 

way is doablu. iiniil the most rapid ]Ka1 of the de- 

| 

.•icent is pr.ssed: when both ways ciu've and uniu> in 

^ 

HISTORY OV CAUIiON COUNTY. 205 

struction, on a portage of in lie miles, is sixty-four cent? 

and three quarters per ton, wliicli, after deducting the 

interesi on the cosi of tire improvement, produced a 

saving in the remainder of the season, after its completion, 

of more diaa iti 15,000, and tiie road, in less 

tJiun three years use, has overpaid its cost. Tlie ac- 

tual cost of transportation on this road, is thus stated 

by Mr. White, in his report of 1st January, 1829, ex- 

clusive of tolls OL' repairs : 

Mules and liorse.i cc;jt 1 1-3 cents per ton, per mile. 

Hands, 1 l-;3 do. 

Hepainng wagons, " 

J 3 do» 

Oil, 

1-5 do. 

" 53-100 cents per ton, per rnilt. 

full load one way, and \\u. whole cost divided into 

the distance one wa/ only. The wear and tear ot 

the road is estimated, upon three years use, at 1 cent 

per ton, i)er mile, making the whole cost of transpor- 

tation, interest excluded, 4 53-100 per nrile. He estimates 

the cost of transportation, by canal, in boats of 

forty tons burthen, at one cent per ton, ])er nnle, full 

load one way, and reluming empty. 

The rail way is ot" tiinher, about twenty feet long, 

four inches by five, and set in cross pieces, made oi 

cloven tfees, placed three and a-half . feet distance 

from each other, and secm'cd by Avedges* The rail is 

shod on the up})er and inner edge, with a. flat bar of 

iron, two and a quarter inches wide, five-eighths ot' 

an inch thick. These being bedded on the turnpike 

road, for the greater part of the way, are very firm 

and durable. This excellent stone roadigave the company 

great facility in making the rail way, and enabled 

them to complete it in the very short time employed 

about it. The beiglit surmounted by the railroad, 

above the inclined plain, is 7ti7 feet in eight and 

a quarter miles, equal to about one degrx3e of acclivity 

in the mile. Tlicro are two places for- turning out, 

made as usual, by a curved railroad, lying agahist the 

main one, and fnnndng an irregular segment of a 

circIe^ .esthig upon iis cord. If carriages meet on th i

20^6 HIsTOKif OP CARBON COUNTY. 

road, ihc; ligljtcr luust return to the place of tcjiJng 

out, or be removed from the railway track, î'liis 

sometimes happens with the pleasure cars. 

Upon fliis road the coal is conveyed from the mine 

to Mauch Chiinlv village, in cars set on four cast iron 

wheels, about two and a-half feet in diameter, each 

containing 0:10 ton and a half of coal. FourtLen. of 

these are CDniieeted together by iron bars, adnjiinng 

a slight ilegree of motion between two contigiioas 

•cars, and arc conducted by a single man on on.; i>f 

them, who regulates their movements by a vlw I 

simple cnnlrivanc',;. A perpendicular lever ca'i-cs a 

piece of wood to jjress against the circumference ol 

each wheel on the sante side of the car, acting both 

ways from tlie central point between them, so tliut by 

increasing the ])rebsure, the I'riction retanls or stopf- 1 

the motion, and as all the levers iire connected by a 4 

rope, they are made to act in concert. The ob:'jjver 1 

is much inleruiicd in beholding the successive groups I 

of wagons moving raj)idly in procession, without apparent 

cause. They are heard at a considerabla flistance 

as ihey i'mic thvuidering along wiili thei.- dark 

j 

i 

\ 

burdens, and give an impression of irresistable e?iiM- | 

gy. At a t>uita])lu distance follows another train, and 

thus from 300 lo 310 tons a day are discharged into 

| 

1 

the boats. At iirst, the cars descended at the r;ite oi \ 

fifteen or twenty miles an hour; but tlie speed v/as i 

reduced, as ii iiijiu-ed the machines, and by agitatins j 

and wearing th':; coal, involved tlie driver in a cloud j 

of black dust. The empty cars are drawn back by i 

nudes, eight to a gang of Iburteen wagons. Twenty- 

eight mules druw ujj forty-two coal, and seven nnilo 

wagons ; and the arrangement is so made, thia the 

, 

| 

ascending parlios ^liall arrive in due season, at the i 

proper places for hnning out. This is the case v/iih i 

the pleasure cars, and the line of stages which pass 

by this route through Tarnaque, and by the Schuyl- 

\ 

'i 

kill valley railroad "to Pottsville. I 

"The nudes ride down the railway. They .'..e far- | 

iii:5lied '.viih jn-ovcnder, i)laced in proper m.'.;i,;cit:. 

|

I 'f pleasure 

w. 

lli'jTORY CP CARBON COUNTY. 207 

four of them being enclosed in one pen, mounted on 

wheels; and seven of tlicse cars are connected into 

one group, so that twenty-eight mules constitute the 

party which, with their heads directed down the 

momitaiii, and apparently surveying its fine land- 

scapes, move rapidly along the inclined plane, with a 

ludicrous gravity, which when seen for the first time, 

proves too much for tlie severest muscles. 

"The mules rcadiiy perform their duty of drawing 

up the empty cars, bui having experienced tiie com- 

fort of riding down, they seem to regard it- as a right. 

and very reluctantly descend any other way. The 

speed first adopted in travelling the rail way, injured 

the health of the mules and horses employed on it, 

but the moderate rale of six or seven miles the hour, 

at present used, does not alfect them. 

"The pleasure of the traveller on returning in tlie 

car, is mingled with a sense of danger. The 

eight miles, from the summit, are frequently run in 

thirty minutes, and some parts of the road are passed 

over at a still greater speed, nor is the danger apparent 

only. The axK;s of the coal cars have been 

broken, and like accidents may occur to those of the 

pleasure carriages. In one instance, at least, a carriage 

has been thrown from the road, and the passengers 

iiurt, but fortunately, not very severely. Du(! 

care, however, is taken by the proprietors to keep ihe 

pleasure cars in good repair, and to entrust them to 

careful guides, who cheerfully conform to the wishes 

of the passengers, rehuive to the rale of progress. 

"With the exhanslless mines of the Mauch Chunk, 

and the admirable means of transporting their product, 

the company might have reposed in lull confidence 

of an ultimate and siJcedy and ])rofitable return 

for their great expenditure. But their vigilant prcvoyant 

and energetic acting manager, has tbund 

means to take a bond of faie, and to hasten tliis result 

by the discovtuy and development of new mine:, 

upon the adjacent Nesquih.)ningmountain,four niiles 

near.;; lo the lauding of iVl?.uch Chunk, and extremely

20S MIrir')i;Y' OF CARBON COUNTY. 

lucile ui opiT;itii;ii. la a defile ot' the nioiiiiu'.i :, 

through u'hich pusses a sparkhug and boundhig rivii- 

iet, called '' Rnot/i run," a name soon to be as laaious 

as " 3Iaunch C/ntn/c," some twenty veins of coal 

have beenex]jlored, varying in thickness I'rom live to 

fifty feet, Tiiakiug an aggregate of more than dnee 

hundrcLi feet, nearly live times the thickness i.f the 

grecti mine. This coal field is supposed to be a 'on- 

tiimation of diaL ol Mauch Chunk, from which it i.s 

distant bttv;ecii four and five miles. Some of dicsu 

veins liavu been trnced three and a half miles aloi.g 

the muatitain. .Vli of them are accessible abcvc the 

water level , sjnic of them have great facilili's lea 

drainage, and :ire jtrovitled with most desirable rook 

andfloi))s of slute, which render them siisceiJiib'.e of 

cheap e\

m HISiOUr 01' CAKIION COUNTY, 209 

êen raised by force from beneath ; and it is difficult 

to avoid tiie conviction tliat they were also broken at 

the top ; for at the upp^r end of the stratnm of coal, 

there is a huge rock, twenty feet in two of its dimensions, 

and five or six in the other, which has been 

broken olT from the roof reck, a graywacke of which 

it is part, and f.tllen in ; and the coal seems then to 

have closed all aroimd and shut it in on all sides, except, 

that in one plaoe on the right hand a little below 

the top, the rup'iure is continued to the surface, and 

tJiat place was then filled and concealed ])y the loose 

rubbisli and so;I, as was also the rock above, ^'hese 

•circumstances, lie conceives, confirm strongly the 

truth of the su|)poshioii, that an upheaving torce, exerted 

with great energy, has bent, dislocated and 

broken the strata. 

" This vein is broken by the ravine, and worn 

down by tlie stream wiiich passes through it, but reapj)ears 

on the opposite side, where it assumes a form 

more curious and extraordinary. The strata, as in 

the corresponding part, radiate from the surface, and 

the interior ui)|u;r angle, so fur as it has been uncovered, 

is filled with b.iiid stone, arranged in reversed 

tXJiicentric archer, laid so regularly as to liave the 

appearance of having been placed by art. The 

writer saw three of these arches, and the abutting 

parts of a fouiih; the remainder of the last was 

covered by earvh. The stones of the respective 

arches increase their dimensions with the size of the 

arch. I'lie form of these arches would seem to militate 

against the hypothesis of an eccentric force^ un- 

less we presume, what is probably true, that the 

gravitation of the slraui in opposite angles of about 

forty-five degrees, produce this result. 

"To avail themselve? in the best manner, of these 

new treasures, die company have made a railway of 

five miles. 

" This road follows the curve of the mountain along 

the Lehigh, for about two miles, and then still wijiding 

Avith ih'e mountHiU;, tnins easterly and runs parai- 

N

210 HIii'Ol.Y OF CARBON COUNTY. 

Id with the Ncoqiiihoiiing creek, to the ravine ci d\i 

mountain, mado by Room run, wiiich it ascends. It 

would be dilTiciilL perhaps to conceive a method of 

making a road iiiore substantially than, has been 

adopted oa this. Tlie rails arc about tweiUy feel 

long, sev Jii inches deep and five in width. They ar'^; 

su])poned on massive blocks of stone, placed ni line 

four ibcL apart, and irnbeded firmly in smaller stone, 

and aie secured to tliese blocks by iron clamps on 

each side of the rail, about six niches wide, but at 

right angles, and nailed to the rail and to the block 

by means oi four holes drilled in each stone, and 

j)lugged with wood. The iron bars are two incliea 

and one-half wide, and five-eighths thick. The whols 

of the road I'roia die coal miues to the landing is descending. 

Oil (ho self-acting plaae, the descending 

wagon will bring up an empty one. The intermediate 

road is graduated from ten tu twelve inelifS do- 

scent, in one hvuidred feet ; tliis being consideied the 

lowest grade on which a leaded wagon will descend ) 

by gravity, and iheretbre the most favorabli; opg, \ 

that can be tlevised, when the freight, as in this ctsc, 

\ 

is all one way. I 

" Doubts lia;re been expressed as to the contiiii:. \ 

ance of the supply of coal from this region. On this * 

subject we will let Mr. White spealc, observing tliat 5 

the sceptical may at any time, by personalinsp-ction, 

have a full confirmation of his statements. In hia 

otficial report to the company of Ibt January^ IS30, 

i 

| 

lie says: ' In addition to the extensive exaininatioHLJ 

which took jilace previous to my last report, explc- 

{ 

.< 

rations have been made which prove w.e can uncovej; ] 

and quarry our coal ui a continuoits open'nig^ about \ 

two miles in extent east and west, having our present \ 

quarrie::> about llu; centre. We have uncovered coal ; 

at the summit cf tlie mouutain,. three liundi'jd ami \ 

twenty feet north and south, across the strata of coal, 

which is of a quality similar to that in the gre;»t ijuar- 

\ 

ry ; so that we have, bt'yond all doubts, eiior.gii coal \ 

that, can be iiuarried without mining, to last m pre 

\

i 

HISTORF OF CARBON COUNTY. 211 

than one generation, even supposing that our shipments 

exceeded one niillion of tons a year, and that 

without extending onr quarries more than one mile 

from the siimniit. And when our successors liave 

done quarrying-, Ihey may follow the veins under 

ground eastward lo the river,, about seven miles more, 

and five miles in a western direction.' 

"In his report of ilie 31st December, 1830, Mr. 

White adds : my conviction is, that our great coal 

mine, or quarry, will prove to l)ea vein of coal about 

sixty feet thick between tiie top and bottom slate, and 

(hat its extern will bear out my last annual report. 

Since that report, I have examined our coal field in, 

and about, Room rmr, where that stream breaks 

across the coal formation, and have had the good 

fortune to lay open a series of veins of unparalleled 

extent, of the following dimensions, viz: 28, 5, 5, 10, 

19, 39, 5, 12, 1,5, 15, 50, 20, 11 and G feet,making the 

whole number of veins opened 14, and tlie whole 

thickness, measured at right angles with the vems, 

240 feet. Other veins Jiave since been explored. Tlie 

width of the coal basin at this place, north and south, 

exceeds half a mile ; and the bearing of the strata 

lengthwise, is scûth eighty-eight degrees west. If we 

allow sixty cubic feet of these veins to make a ton 

of coal in the market., after leaving enough for piers, 

.waste, &c.,they will give foiu: tons of coal to each su- 

perficial square foot, (coimting the whole as one vein,) 

or 10,560 tons for each foot lengthwise of the coal 

basin, and consequently 55,75(i,800 tons for each 

mile ; and allowing our demand to be one million of 

tons each year from these mines, one mile would last 

more than fifty-five years. The part of the coal basin 

belonging to the company, extends ten or twelve 

miles. 

" We must not omit to notice here a very important 

and ingenious invention of Mr. White, for the purpose 

ef raising bnrdeus, in winch, more than one oi' oui 

operative classes \vili lake a deep interest. Wt

" 

212 vii:,ru:tf op carbon county. 

allude 

patent. 

to il;c propellers, for which he has IhImi h 

" Tliat thi-j machine is very effective, is made ap- 

parent 1)/ the following minute of one day's' Avork, 

done l>y il at the Mauch Clumk mines. In ten hours 

and three qunrters, three horses drove the machinery, 

and raised t\yo hundred and four wagons, loaded on.; i 

ton an'! a liuli each, up a plane of thirty-live feet mc. I 

and two hunJied and ten feet in length. As tlie pro- | 

pellcrs rupiiro no more attention in passing a wagon. I 

than a piece of common railroad, and there being no | 

gudgeons or in.ul.incry to grease, except the driving: •. 

part, the expense of going up hills is reduced (o ii | 

mere trifle ; being confined pretty much to tluit

' iage, 

: 'mouth 

niSrORY OF CARliON COUNTY. 213 

Nesquilioning liiountaia, upon the Nesquilioning 

creek. Tliis village was laid out in 1831,bytVie Lc- 

liigli Navigation Company ; it contains between twenty-five 

and thirty houses, a store and tavern. 

•Lausanne toionsliip is bounded on the north by 

Luzerne county ; on tlie east by PeuLi Forest ; on the 

fcouth by Mauch Chunk •, on tlie west by lianlcs. The 

surface of this townsliip is very mountainous, and the 

soil gravelly ain'l sterile. \ great proportion of this 

township is cfihsed ain')iig unseated lands; rising 

seven diousand acres, wen. olfered at public sale by 

tlie county treasurer, tu pay the arrears of taxes due 

thereon, in lS-t4. Tl).'; po[>uhition of Uiis township 

in 1830, was 508 ; in IS Id, 1,590. The county tax 

for 1844, $27f) 03; for state purposes, i5lG5 82. 

Lawrytown is an ancient looking lumbering vil- 

consisting of srnne thirty cabins, above the 

of iiaurel run, planted in the forest years ago 

by the Lehigh Coal C.Mniiany. 

liockporty ni;ar the muuth of Laurel run, was 

laid out a few years ago, and bids to be quite a brisk 

and thriving village, ai'd may soon vie with its neighborhig 

villages. 

Clifton is a small village of recent origin, three 

miles north-west of ivO',kport. 

Penn Haven, on the mouth of Quakake, at the 

foot of the Broad mountain, upon the west side, is 

a village of moderate growth. 

Beaver Meadow is a post village on the Mauch 

Chunk and lierwick luriipike, twelve miles from 

Mauch Chunk, consi,-iiiig of some twenty-five or 

more framed while houses, several stores, and taverns, 

two churches. Whoiu the village stands, some 

years ugo, it wa^: .t vu^t XiiOuntain morass, liowever 

partly reelaimed to agriculture, which doubtless re- 

ceives its name from tlê iuh.abilants who once occupied 

it, It has risen into distinction by the quantity 

autl .jiuUity of aiitb.racito coal in this place.

214 nrsTuRY of carbon countf. 

In ihci iinniodiate vicinity of Beaver Meadov/, oic | 

several hamlets occupied by miners, and others labor- | 

ing at the mines, or coal quarries. The nnners hero; | 

are principally W

HISTORY OF CARRON COUKTT. 215 

1844, amounted to ^376 91; for state purposes, 

i5217 OG. 

Penn Forest ijivnship is bounded nortli-west by 

Luzerne county ; nonh-east by Monroe county ; east 

by Upper T(?\vaii;snsing townsliip ; west by Lausanne. 

It is a mass of mountains. 'YhaGrcat Sioamp, 

or Shades of Death commences here. The soil of 

the township, especially the momitainous parts, is 

gravel, a ud in many places very well timbered. The 

greater proportion of the township is classed among 

unseated lands ; forty thousand acres of which wa"s 

ollered by the comity treasurer, at public sale, to })ay 

the arrears of taxes due thereon. There are several 

saw mills in this township. 

The township is thinly inhabited ; its population 

does not exceed SOO. The taxes assessed for county 

purposes, in 1844, amounted to ^310 30; for state 

purposes, $187 ()(J. 

Upper TouHimens'n^ township is bounded on the 

north by Penn Forest townshii); norili-east by Chesinuthill 

township, hi ^Muiiroe county ; on the south by 

Lower Towamensin- ; on the west by Lehigh river, 

which separates it lidm Mahoning township. Much 

•of this to wnsbip is mountainous and hilly; the soil is 

gravelly, though arable, and when cuUivated tolerably 

productive. A small proportion of it is still classed 

among unseated lands. 

This township is v.âtered by Hoeth's, ot Head's 

creek, and the Pohopoko creek, and the Big creek, 

which -is formed by the junction of PolK>poko and 

and Mead's creeks, at the .foot of the i^hopoko 

mountain, from wdiich rafis descend to its mouth. If 

riows south-n'esteriy dirough a cultivated valley, to 

which it gives name, and falls into the Lehigh river 

about four miles above iLe Water Gap. It^ is navrgable 

for ton miU s. Thore are several mills, a fm 

nace and a iuj'ge on ihis sueam. 

'lids township w:is settled at an early date, dmiv.y

316 lITSTOur OF CARBON COUNTT. 

the Indian and French war; and also during th.; Re. 

volution C)i '7G. (hu huhans committed depredaiionp 

and mnrdois in Pohopoko valley. In the nionili of 

.Decernhor, 1755, "a company ot" Indians, about fiTO 

m nuiTibcr, attacked the liouse of Frederick Iloeih, 

about twelve miles eastward from Guaden Huetten 

(Weissport.) or Focho Pochto creek. The family 

was at supper— clie Inians shot into the house, wounded 

a woman, shot at and killed Ilueth himseli", and 

then shot several times more, whereupon all rasi out 

of the fiouse thrii cjald. The Indians immediately 

set fire to the hou.so. mill and stables. Hoeth'.. wur. 

ran into the bake house, whicli was also set on tire. 

The poor woman ran out through the flames, aii'l being 

very much burned, she ran into the water,, and 

there died ! 'i"he Indians cut the belly open, and 

otherwise inhumanly used her. They killed and 

scalped a dautrliler— three of the children were bmn-t -, 

these children belonged to the lluuily. Several of 

Hoeth's daughn;rs were carried oil". In the action 

one Indian was killed, and another wounded."* 

In the s])riuL, of IT.SO, during the Ivevolutiounry 

war, the Indians were marauding througii here, and.. 

on tlie west side of tlie Lehigh river, took several of 

the inhabitants })risoners at the house of Eenjarniii 

Gilbert, not lar from Fort Allen, (Weissport,) and ) 

abducted ihem.i 

\ 

Parrjjsvillc, Iwo miles beloAV Weissport, six btlov; \ 

Maucli Chunk, on the left hank of the Lehigh river, a« 

j 

tlie junction of the Ihg creek with the Lehigli, is a } 

small village, consisting of ten dwellings, one ta\ern^ 

two stores, a school house, a grist mill, two saw mills j 

and a latli mill. Opposite this village, on the west i 

side of the Lehigh, was a basin and the hitended 

depot of the Beaver I\h;adow railroad, which WiS j 

swept away by ihe L:;rcut freshet hi January, IS 11 I 

fVeissport, situated on the leff bank of thg i

; 

IIISTOIiY OF CARBON COUNTY. 217 

river, above Tar nu:. (which now empties in the 

lower basin of tlio can:'l,) occupies a broad flat; once 

the site of Nev/ Gnaden llnetten and Fort Allen, 

was laid out by Colonel Jacob Weiss, in 1828. Col. 

_, Weiss purchased this irnct from the Moravians^ 

^ »hortly aflurthc lievoliiiii)n try war. 

.The village is laid out regularly, and is a place of 

considerable business. It contains a storing house, a 

tavern, two stores, some ten or filteen dwellings ; tvn> 

dun-ches, the one belon^^s to the German Reformed, 

and Lutheran, ihe other lo die Evangelical Association. 

'I'he building ol' tlu: Ifunier is quite an ornament 

to the village, and occupies the spot, once the site of 

an Indian village, destruy(;d in 1755. 

^ The proprietor, (Joloiiul Jacob Weiss, was a native 

f 

of Philadelphia, and ciuriug the whole of the Revolu- 

tion, in the service of liis country. Sojueiime in 

1784, he purchased seven hundred acres of land from 

the Moravians; in 1785, he removed his family to this 

place. Col. Weiss \v;is an active and enterprising 

citizen. His name is intimately associateil with all 

Uie early elforts to impiove ibis region of countiy. 

Mr. Wêiss died in l>s,ii), and his remains rest in the 

grave yard contiguous to the village on the east side 

of the canal, where a sione marks the spot, with the 

following inscription 

" Sacred to the memc/ry of Jacob Weiss, Sen., whi^ 

was born in Philadcli-'hia, September 1st, 1750, aiul 

departed this lite, Janu.ary 9lh, 1839, aged 88 years, 

4 months and 8 days." 

His consort, Ehzabclh Weiss, a daughter of Mr. 

Robinson, is still (September 1814) living, aged ninety 

years—nevertheless, of remarkable memory, especi-aJly 

when it is considered that she has been confined 

to her room, through iuiirniiiy, caused by I'alsy, fur 

Uie last eight yeais. 

JVthsport^ or Fori .Îllen, the early history ol' 

which is givên ij.luv/, has been several times inundated

JIS HTSTOIJY OB' CARBO-N COlTNTr. 

5^/>:/^^,V'.s Flood cyv Flood of'SG* On the n,-lu of 

he (ith Oct 

was partly swept away. The liocd of 

1641, was two f(.(.l liighur tlian Tip])ey's .* 

flood. 

missporL The locality of this place is ^ 

well knuâi ii, 

Uie early hisfory of this couutryas Neta Gu,uh . Hwi- 

^^'''' Mrs. VVêiss, 

s-l?",o and ?!:''r''f'>'^"'' her sou 

^

I 

UISTORr OF CxlllBON COUNTY. 219 

ten, and Fori Alhn. It was once a flourishing Moravian 

missionary station. The Moravians liad commenced 

a sctll(3nicnt and missionary station, in 1746, 

west of the Leliigii river, in Mahoning valley, (of 

which an account is given when speaking of 

township) but subsequently, left that place and located 

east of the Lehigh river, in 1754. Loskiel, in speaking 

of tliat removal, says, "in the removal of the 

buildings, the chapel only excepted, the Indians were 

kindly assisted by the congregations at Bethlehem, 

Nazareth, Chrisiianbruim. and Guadenthal, who furnished 

not only workuion and materials, but even 

contributions in money. Unanimity and diligence 

contributed so uaich, towards the progress of this 

work, that the first twenty houses were inhabited by 

tlie4th,and the foundation stone of the new cliapel 

laid on the 11th of June. Hishop Spangenberg otfered 

up a most tervent prayer, and delivered a powerful 

discourse on this solemn occasion. The houses were 

soon after completed, and a regulation made in all the 

families, for the childri'n, of each sex, to be projierly 

taken care of. The dwollings were phiced in such 

order, tiiat the Makikuns lived on one and the Dela- 

} wares on the other side. The brethren at Eethlehem 

took tlie culture of the old land on the il/«/io?/y, upon 

themselves, made a plantation of it for tlie use of thti 

Indian congregation, and converted the old chaj)el 

into a dwelling, both for the use of tho.se brethren and 

sisters who had the care of tlie plantations, and for 

missionaries, passing, on their visits to the heathen. 

A synod was held in New Guaden Iluetten, from rhe 

6th to the nth August, (1754,) and the chapel con- 

secrated. Many Indian assistants were invited to tliis 

synod, the chief intention being maturely to consider 

the situation of ihe Indian mission."-' 

Military forces nad been stationed here din'ing 

175(), and afterwards. ••' And,'' says Loskiel, "a^ 

both ilie Indian nn.'^sionarics had left their ell'ects and

t20 lU:3jOi{y 0" CARBON COUNTY. 

harvest ai ChiaaeiL.vuotten, llie Govemor of the provmce 

kindiy ordered a party of soldiers to niarcl) into 

those pans,, l> defciul the property of the christian ^^ 

liidiaiis, ,u..d d,^; country in general. But on xVcw fl 

Year s day. 17.jU, the savages attacked these trooi s ft 

set iire to (iuad(;)i lliietien and the mill, and destr.)yed fl 

the plantations, by v/hichthe Indian congregation and U 

Its ^missionaries were rechiced to the greatest povcr- U 

In 17-5b, Dr.]5cnj:,nnn Franklin erected a fori here f 

called Fort Allo.i. \ vlnlc here, he addressed th:. fol- h 

lowing io (loveniur Morris: It 

To the Uun. n. IL Morris : 

Fort Jllhn,at Cuadim Hue I ten, 

Januarij 25, 17.j6. 

Bear Sir~\Vc g,A to J fay's the same evening wa i 

^t yon, and reviewed (h'aig's company hy the \s;w. t 

Mijch 01 the next day was spent in exchanging the I 

had arms for the ^.-ood, Wayne's company having I 

joined us. We ioa( hed, liowcver, that night to lip- | 

hnger's, wliere ^vc got into good tjuarlers. Satiird.iy f 

morning w^^ begun to march towards Guaden Ihiet^ § 

ten, and ])roceeded near two miles; hut it seemiii' to I 

set m lor a rainy day, the men, unprovided with LMeat f 

eoats, and many unable to secure, elfectually, Vheir I 

firms from (he wet, \^ê Ihought it advisahle to fiicc I 

nhont and reliud to our former quarters, where the I 

ineii might dry themselves and lie warm—wheieas f 

had they i)roceeded, they would have come in wet to 1 

Guaden Iluelten, where shelter, and opportunity of f 

drying theniselv.'s, tliat night, was uncertaim Inhun { 

itramed all d;ry, and we were all pleased tliat w« \ 

liad not ])i-oceedeM. 5 

The novr d,iy being Sunday, we marched liKi:er, I 

Where we j.rrip-d about two in the afternoon und f 

helore i,ve had inclosed our camp wiUi a Muniff I 

hreast^ work mn.ket proot; and with the noanja | 

suaugiu liero beiere by my order, from i)unker\ nrM i

I 

' day 

HISTOilY OF CAltnON COUNTY. 221 

j>ot ourselves iHiilcf hlioltor from the weather. Monwas 

so dark, with a thick log all day, that wa 

coukl neither look out lor a ]>lace to hiiild, nor sfje 

where materials wen; to he had. Tuesday morning 

[ we looked round i^s, pitched on a jjlace, marked out 

I 

) 

! cut 

our lort on the grout id, and by ten o'clock began k) 

lindjer for stockades, ;uid to dig the ground ; by 

three in die alternoon the logs were all cut, and many 

of them hauled t,) the spot, the ditch dug to set them 

in, three feet diep, and many were jiointed and set 

up. The nexi day wo were hindered by rain most 

of the day. '1 iai,'-j1ay ue ri;sinned our work, and 

before night were perfectly well enclosed ; and on 

Friday morning the stockade was finished, and part 

of the platform, within, erected, which was completed 

next morning, when wo dismissed Foulk's and Weilerholl's 

companies, and sent Hay's down for a convoy 

of provisions. Tins day we hoisted the ilag, 

I ^ made a general discliarge of our pieces, which had 

been long loaded, and of our two swivels, and named 

the place Fori t'///cn, in honor of our old friend. Ic 

is one hundred and twenty-live feet long, and fifty 

wide; the stockades, most of them a loot thick; they are 

tliree feet in the ground, and twelve feet out, pointed 

at the top. 

Tliis is an account of our week's work, which 1 

thought might give you some satisfaction. Foulk ia 

gone to build another fori, between this and Schuyl- 

kill fort, which I Iio}j(j will be finished 

to join him) in a we.k or ten days. 

(as Trexler is 

As soon as I fays returns, I shall detach anotlier 

party to erect another at Surfas's, whicli I hoi)e may 

be finished in the same time, and then, I purpose to 

end my campaign, God wilhng, and do myself thv 

pleasure of seeing you on my retin-n. 1 can now add 

no more than that I am, v/ilh great esteem and afiet 

iion, 

Dear Inend, youra, affectionately, 

B. FRANKLIN.

: 

222 lilSTuiiY OF CARBON COUNTY. 

To the lion. Iiobvrt H. Morris: 

Fort ,/IIlen, at Gnadon Ilntilm, 

January 2(), J 75(1 

Sir~'\v.. left Jjethlehem l(Jth hist, with Koiilk's 

compnny, Inity-six men; the detachment o\ Mr. 

LaughhiTs t\ronty, and seven wagons laden wiih 

stores c'lul provisions. We got that night to Hay's 

quarters, where Wayne's company joined \v< i'rom 

Nazareth. 

The next day we marched cautiously through ihc 

gap of die mountain, a very dangerous pass, r.ud got 

to Uplingcr's. rjut twenty-one miles from lietlilcliem, 

tJie roads beiiig bad, and the Avagoiis moving slowly. 

At present, \v'c arc erecting a third house in the Yon 

(Allen) to acrouiinodate the garrison.. 

As soon as Mr. Hays returns with the convoys oi' 

stores and provisions, which I hoi)e may he to-morrow, 

I i-urpoor: to send Oriidt and Hays to Hoeds, to 

join Cainuin 'i\ami) in erecting the middle fort thcie, 

purposing to ri;niain here between them and J'oulk, 

ready to assist and sup]jly both, as occasion nu^y re- 

quire, and hope, in a week or ten days, weather favoring, 

those I wo torts may be fmished, and the line 

efforts eoinpluiL'd and garrisoned, the rangers in motion, 

and the internal guards and watches disbanded. 

a.s well aî soui other companies, unless they are per- 

mitted and cnrouraged to go after the enemy to Susquehanna. 

At present, ihe expense in this country is prodigious. 

We ha/e on foot, and in pay, tlie following 

companies 

Trump, 50 men; Aston, 50 ; Wayne, 55. 

Foulk, -16; I'rcxler, 48; Wettherhold, 44—?f;/.7io?i^ 

t/ie. Fork":. 

Orndt, 50, 

Craig, 30; fttartin, 30—m the Irish settlements. 

VanEtten, 30— ;,t IMinnisinks ;. Hays, 45. 

Deiaehmoni of i^rLaughlin, 20 ; Parson, 24- -in ail 

522 Yours, 

13ENJ. FUANKlJN.

n 

RTsrOUY OE CARBON COUNTJY. 22'J 

'. James Yoiniu;. Commissary General, visited Fort 

Allen in ITSG. In his jonrjial of Jnne 21st, 1756, he 

says, '-at 8, A. M. wo s(;t mit (from the fort above 

Allemenengcl) for fort Alien, at Gnaden ITnetten; it is 

about fifteen niile.s from Allemengel. The first seven 

miles of this road iy very hilly, barren and s\vam})y 

no plantations. The other part of the road, is, for the 

most part, through, a rich valley, ehielly meadow 

gronndi— êv>3ral set dements; but all the houses burnt 

and deserted. At noon, we came to the foot. For 

tJie last half hoia before \vc came there, we had a 

very severe gust of thuiider, ligiitning, and a prodigious 

heavy nan. 

"This fort stands on ihe river Leah, (Lehigh) in 

the pass, through very high hills, is, in my opinion, a. 

very important ])lace, and may be of great service, if 

the oiiicer does liis duty. Ii was very well stoccaded 

with four good bastions. On one of them is a swivel 

gun. Tlio woods are clear all around it for a considerable 

way, and is very defensible. Within, are 

three good barracks and a guard-room. I found haru 

fifteen men wiilioul .my >»Ilieer, or connnander. Tiu-y 

told me that lieutenant Jac(tb INIiles, and two men 

from the fort, were gone this morning with two gentlemen 

from Belhlehera, and four Indians, fifteen miles 

up the country, to bring down some friendly Indians; 

and that the sergeant, with three men, were gone t^) 

Captain Foulli's, late connnander here, to receive the 

pay that was due diem; and one Avas gone to Bethlehem, 

with the sergeant's watch to mend, which was 

the reason I could noi muster those present, nor havt 

any account of the iirovisions, but saw a large quantity 

of beef very badly cured. 

I was informed that a

224 in.si'Ciu'- Of cakuon countt. 

'' Proviuc/ai stcres.—^l muskets, 50 cartoucli 00:5: ri 

cs, 10 pciiiiJs of powder, 60 poaiulsuf lead, 20 I'oiuidd ! 

filled lor 9.0 iiuiii, 19 axes, 4 broad-axes, 20 liaiehets, \'\ 

43 toninli uvli.iho;^;i, and seven women andthrci eiiildrenare 

tn

\ 

i prisoner, 

niSTOUV 01^ CAUIJON COUNTY. 225 

men, squaws and children. They behave very civil 

here—lliey have made cabins about sixty perches 

from the fort, wiiere they live, and intend to tarry 

here till the kiiio: comes. 

I am, 

Your very liumble servant, 

JACOB ORNDT. 

[Prov. Ecc. p. 203-4.] 

Honored Sir : 

Fort Allen, Jlpril 5, 1757. 

Tliisisto acquaint your worship, that the day before 

yesterday, arrived here, four Indians from Susque- 

hanna, above J)ia}ioga, and have brought one white 

wliose name is Nicholas Ramston. lie was 

taken at the same time that Christian Pember was 

killed. The same Indians inform me, that king Teedyuscung 

can hardly come down here till the latter 

end of this monih, for the Mohawk Indians were not 

quite ready lo march. 

Those four Indians will Come with the bearer here- 

of, one of my soldiers, whom I have sent to escort 

them to Easton, and I have also ordered the white 

prisoner with them. I desire your worship would be 

pleased to send an order to Mr. Warner, who is ordered 

to entertain the Indians, that he shall not give 

tliem too much ram, as he has done to those who 

for some of them were so 

were at Easton last week ; 

drunk that they staid all night in the woods, and tlie 

remainder went to Bethlehem, and by so doing there 

might easily happen any nrisbehavior, 

m * * f» -tr if * 

y'y^' '_ I ;un, Sii', 

Your very humble servant, 

JACOB ORNDT. 

[Prnv. I2cc. p. 204.] 

Colonel James Biird visited this place in 1758. Iri 

his j(iu.' jnl of February 27, 1758, he says, " I march-=

226 luiToiiir UP CARitoN county. m 

ed Ironi I'noiice (Mr. Everitt's) to P'ort Allen, ;..l li 

o'clock P. M.; got at the top of the ]ilue iiioi!;'taiii, 

at 2 P. I\[. ; from hence saw Alleniengel ; it is a firo 

country; liiit lue country on the north side jf tliu f' 

inountaia is an entire barren wilderness, not cipablo 

of imjirovcmeni. I arrived at Fort Allen at hall" after 

two P. IM,, a prodigious hilly place, and poor land, 

fifieen miles from Mr. Everitt's. 1 ordered a ic-.vhiw 

of this garrison to-joorrow, at A. M. 

Tuesday, 28dL—xVt A. M. I reviewed this garri 

son. Doing dnty, Captain Orndt, lieiUenant Ih.ys aiul 

Laugherry, and ensign Meixill and seventy-live nu'n. 

Tiiis is a very good garrison. In tlie stores, two 

months i)rovisions, two hundred and five })(^mids ol 

powder, three hurjdred pounds of lead, five hLnicired 

ilints, two sv/ivcls, twenty-six provincial arms, (bad 

ones) no drirm, no kettle, no blankets, one s])ade,Gnc 

shovel, one grnbl)ing hoe, and foiuleun bad ax(ib'. 

Tfiis is a very poor stoccade,surr(nuided with hills, 

situated on a l)arren plain, through which tli.i river 

Iêchy, (Lehigh) iims, at a distance of seventy ynris 

from the foi t. 'Tiiere is scarce room here iVa fcaty 

men. I ordered Captain Orndt to regidate his r;.'!^. 

ing by his intelligence, from lime to time, as I..; U: 

formed me that tive Indians, from liethlelien\, iuvi; 

promised faithfully lo Captain Orndt, to come here 

and reconnoitre the woods constantly aromid. and.to 

furnish him v/ith intelligence. 1 also directed ihat a 

target, six inches thick, should be put up, to teach the 

Sioldiers to shoot. 

Lower Toioamensing township is bounded oulhe 

north by Upper 'I'owamensing ; on the east by Monroe 

coun.ty; on the south by Northampton county, 

and the west by the Lehigii river, winch se]>arater> it 

from Perm township. The surtace of tliis township 

is (hvtrsified, mountainous, hilly, and paitly level, 

coutainhig a considerable portion of arable ii'.nd, an/1 

well miprovecl. Its principal stream, besides ih^ Le 

I 

|

HlfeTORY OF CARliON GOUNTF. 227 

>: liigh river, is the Aquan&kicola * creek, wliich rises 

ia Rossi towiisliip, JNToiiroe county, about a mile east 

of the Wind G;i]);ruRniiig along the base of the lilue 

mountain, it falls into the Lehigh river, at its entrance 

into the \V\ater Gap. It is a very rapid stream, and 

drives several mills. Tiie Clarissa iron works, consisting 

of a forge, furaaee, and several dweUings, are on 

this stream. 

'' The 0(i]i,^'' lit the Lchi^^h Water Gap § is a small 

village, on the luft hank oi the Lehigh, and at the 

mouth of the Aijuaiichicolu creek, which is crossed 

j. by a substantial ;i;:d niriiiy built bridge. The village 

consists of some six or Light houses, a store and a tavern. 

A hundred aiiU fifty yards below the bridge 

the Aquanchicola is crossed by the canal in an aqueduct. 

This place sust;\uiud considerable injury from 

the flood in 1S41. 

At an early date, a Mr. Lplinger, or Oplinger, lived 

near, or at the Clajj. In. a letter from Benj. Fraidclin 

to Governor Moiris, dated Fort Allen, January 2(i, 

175ti, he says, '-AVc m irchrd cautiously through the 

Gap of the momnain, a very dangerous pass, and got 

to Uplinger's, but twenty miles from IJethlehem.t 

Alluding to their mar>"li on that day, Franklin says, 

'•'that on leaving 15etblehem, we had not marched 

many miles, before it licgan to rain, and it continued 

raining all day. There w,ere no habitations on the 

road to shelter us, until we arrived near at the house 

of a German, wiiere, and in his barn, wewere all 

huddled together as well as water coidd make us. It 

was well we were not attacked in our rnareli, for our 

arms were of the most orilinary sort, and our men, 

could not keep the locks of their guns dry. The next 

day being fair, avij continued our march, and arrived 

at liie desolate G-iaden JIueticn (Weissport)." 

• Aquanbhicola—va.'iuus are ih-j orthographies of this stream, 

Aquaubcliicola, Aquanchicola. In iliu record of Iiidiau deeds ii. 

is writlen ^7i(«a.«Ac/Vi/5.—Records, iSic. p 128. 

^ For ;t dcscriptior) of ihe V/alcr (lap, see Lehigh couniy. 

{ P; Js-.r-ciai Kccords, vol. 0, jj. 17.

~'-*8 llISrOUY OF CARBON COUNTY. 

Kasl I'cnn tow,',ship is bounded on the nonli bv |l 

Malioning township; east by Lower 'J'owanieitsii.g'j r\ 

south by Lehigh county; and south-west ])y SciuiyU 

|| 

killcouniy. 'J1iis township lias tiie lihie inoui,t;mi fl 

on the south, and tlie Mahoning mountain on tbe '| 

north of jr. The surface is diversified, mountainous, p. 

Ihlly, and level ; tlie soil, shale, or variegated red U 

shale, gravel and hmestone. Itiswatered by Lizard 

creek, -u'hich rises at the foot of the ]ilue niouiitain.. 

aud following along its base, easterly, tails int't die 

|,j 

p 

M 

Lehigh, about a niile above the Water Gap. (t is a 

very rapid cixck. and has several mills on it. 'fbe 

creek gives naiiic lo a cultivated valley, tlirotudi 

which it flows. St.phen Ballict's furnace and forge 

are in this township. 

Aa excellent road passes through this valley, froni 

the Lehigh to M'Keansburg and Orvvigsbur::, in 

Schuylkill couiuy. " 

One of the iorts, in the chain of forts between !he 

Delaware and Potornack rivers, was located in lids 

township. See /ipjKndlx, Young's, Van Eiten'.ând 

Hurd's Journal, ^ 

f^. 

% 

S 

| 

1 

Mahunins; (.wnship is bounded on the noriii i.y 

Mauch Chunk ; east by the Lelngh river, which sepa^ 

rates it Irom Upper and lower Tovvaniensing ; on the 

south by East Penu; and on the south-west hy ScliuyU 

kill CO. A considerable portion of land is very good, 

and remarkable for abundant crops of rye and i-M^ \ 

wheat does very wull, loo. It is watered ])rin(,iiial]y 

by Mahoning creek, which rises at the loot of Midio- 

i 

fe 

| 

4 

| 

ning mountain, ;ind running castwardly through a 

cultivated and bcaatil'ul valley, to whicli it givus, 

name, falls uito the Leliigli river, a short distance be- \ 

low LelughtcUj ;,nd nearly opposite old Fort Aden, % 

orWeissnort. Ruiis descend this creek abuuf lour | 

miles, above whicli distance are several mills. | 

Owl crt.ek is in the western part of the townslupj 

ilows between the Mahoning and Mauch Clnud.' I 

uioi^ntrdns. into tlie Taniaqua, or Little Scjinvikil) f 

|

HISlOllY OP CAUliON COUNTY. 221.' 

river. There are fjcveral .sinail villages in this town- 

ship. 'J'axables in 18 11, L'53; state tax, iS-lOS 9'A \ 

coinitjr tax, $6.57 0;j. 

Burrins;tony two miles north of Lehighton, on the 

road to Mancli Cliunli, coiitahis tive dwellings and a 

store. Tliis phico huiieied some by tlie freshet ol' 

1S41. 

Lehighton, ^L post viihige, laid out some forty years 

ago, by Colonel Jic!!) Weiss and William Henry. 

Tlie gruniid plot uf tli*; town is laid out u[)on an elevated 

piece of i'lblijland; the lots are large, afford- 

ing an extensive garden and yard to eaeh dwelling. 

The view from the town,, though not extensive, is 

beautiful. It CoMnu.itids a, ))ros|Ject of tlie river anti 

canal, the valluy in which Weissjiort is located, die 

Blue monntain in llu; distance, and a nearer view of 

tlie Mahoning niouiitnin an'd Lehigh hills. Within 

lialf a mile of the village, tliere has been discoveretl a 

mineral spring, the waters of which have proved 

beneiicial in many ca.i,os of disease and debility. The 

town contains thirty dwcllnigs, three tavernsaiid two 

stores. Tliis village ^vonld prove un eligible situa- 

tion for the Shiretown of Carbon county. May it not 

yet become the scat (f Justice ? 

South Lehighton, contiguous to Lehighton and tlu; 

old Mahoning churcli, consists of seven or eight 

ancient looking buildings. A place that has attained 

its zeniUi. Near Uiis is the Moravian grave yard of 

old. 

In Mahoning township the Moravians had a missionary 

establishment;, or station, nearly one htindred 

years ago. They conmienced settlements here in 

17'IG. The slaiion is ihns described by Loskiel : 

" Gnaden Ilueitt.ii \\r,\v ( l / Ki) became a veiy regular 

and pleasant Uj'\'\\. Tiie church stood in the valley, 

oil one side the Inuiau honsis fornnng a crescent, upon 

a rising ground , ;uid l'Ii (!ii3 other, stood tlie house o( 

the missiOiiary aiid tiio burying ground. The mi.': 

siuiiMijs tilled tlicir own grounds, and every Indian.

230 hijToky op carbon county. I, 

family their ]»lantatioii, and on the 18lh of Aiigust, f 

they liad the satisfaction to partake of the first liuit::, I 

of the hind, at a love feast." 

" The land on the T>hd)oning heing impoverished, 

and other circiinislances requiring a change, the in- J 

hahitanis of Onuflcn Huetten removed to the nidlh I 

side of the 1^( hndi. ']'he dwellings were removed, 

and a new tIi.'4)ol was huilt, in June, 175-1. 'i'he 

place wa.s LMlled New (Jnaden Iluetten. [ll sti-od 

| 

* 

f, 

where Weisspuii iiov/ is. Tiie dwelling.s were so J 

placed that the MJiicans liv^d on one, and the J)eiaf 

i 

wareson die otlioi til ie [of the street.] The hrelhrcii I 

at 13ethleheni toi.l: tlu' culture of the old land on \\w: ,*, .; 

Mahoning ii|)uu iheniseUxs, made a plantation of it \ ' 

lor the use i.itLc linlum congregation, and convened | | 

/he old chiipid iwto a dwelling, hoth for the use of \ \ 

those hrediren aiid sisters who had the care of die ;- 

jdantalions, and for missionaries jnissing on tiieir \ . 

visits to the iieail'en. * • 

"The Indians ni the Fnmch interest were niLi.di 

inccnsetl that any ff die IMoravian Indians chose n, 

remain at (Inadc,i lluelten, and determined to cut oif 

| 

| \ 

' 

| 

the settlenient. Alter Ihaddoek's defeat, in 1755, ihe 

whole frontier was oj»en to the inroads of the savage 

foe. Every day disclosed new scenes of barhaiily I 

committc'l by die Indians. The whole country was ', 

in terror; die neighhors of tlie brethren in Clnaden | 

Iluetten forsook their dwellings ami lied; but da; I 

- brethren made a covenant together to remain und.Mnit \t 

ed in the place alluted them by Providence. liowever, 

no caution was onutted; and because the ivliilc 

\^ 

k 

people considered cvrry Indian as an enemy, the Indian 

brethren in (Inadeii Huetten were advised, as 

nmch as possible, ti» lM'e|» out of their Avay—to buy no 

powder nor shot, hi a strive to maintain tiiemsrdres 

without hinaing, wiiirh diey willingly comi»lieii with 

* "" " " Ihit God had othr wise 

^ 

f^ 

% 

^ 

ordained. Ou a sudden the tuission lioiise ( u 'An: 

IMalioning was, late in the evening- of the 'Jltli Nev., 

J 

* 

| 

* 

,

f', 

? 

uisrouY or cahhon county. 231 

attacked by the French Indians, burnt, and eleven of 

the inhabitants uiurdered. 

" The family, being at s\ipper, heard an unconunoii 

I' barking of dogs, upon which brother Senseman went 

?! out at the back door to see Avhat was the matter. 

On the report of a gun, several ran togetlier to open 

the house door. Here th>3 Indians stood with tiieir 

pieces pointed towards the door, and firing innnediately 

upon its being opened, Martin Nitchnian was 

instantly killed. His wife and some others were 

wounded, bat lied with the rest up stairs into the garret, 

and barncoiled the door with bedsteads. Brother 

Partsch escaped by jumping out of a back window. 

Brother Worbas, who was ill in bed in a liouse adjoining, 

jumped likewise out of a back window and 

escaped, though the e)ienues had placed a guard before 

his door. Meanwhile the savages pursued those 

who had taken refuge in the garret, and strove hard 

to burst the door open ; but finding it too well secured, 

they set fire to the he use, which was soon in tlames. 

A boy called Sturgeons, standing upon the darning 

roof, ventured to lent) oil", and escaped; though at 

first, upon opening the back door, a ball had gnizeil 

his cheek, and one side of his head was much burnt. 

Sister Partsch seeing this, took courage, and leaped 

hkewise from the burning roof. She came down unhurt, 

and unobiscrved by die enemies; and thus the 

fervent ])rayer of her husband was fulfilled, who, in 

jumping out of tlie back window, cried aloud to God 

to save his wife. Brother Fabricius then leaped also 

otr the roof, but before he could escape was i)erceived 

by the Indians, and instantly wounded by two balls. 

He was the only one whom they seized upon alive, 

and having dispatched hbn with their liatchets, took 

his scalp, and left him dead on the ground. The rest 

were all burni aiivo. and Brother Senseman, who first 

went out at the back door, had the inexpressible griei 

to sec liis wife consumed by the fiames. Sister 

Partsch could not run far for fear and trembling, hvi 

hid hei'seif behind a tree, upon a hill near the houî.

232 IIISTOUi' OF CAllBON COUNTY". 

From 1'cijCu she saw sister Sensemaii, already suclomided 

by the iUuncs, standing with folded hands, 

and heard h.;i calUag out: 

" 

'Tis all well, dear Saviour—I 

expected notlnng else I" The honse being 

consumed, tlio nnndorers set fire to the barns and 

stables, by wbich all the corn, hay, and cattle were 

destroyed. Then they divided the spoil, soaked some 

bread in miik, made a hearty meal, and departetl 

sister Partsch looking on unperceived. 

"This melancholy event proved the deliverer of 

the Indian congregation at Gnaden Iluetten; f(;r upon 

hearing the lopcrt of the guns, seeing the ihunes, 

and soon lcarn;ng the dreadful cause from tlajsi. wlio 

had escaped, tlio Indian brethren innnediately wunt to 

the missionary, and oJfered to attack the enemy widiout 

delay. BiU being advised to the contrary', ihdy 

all fled into the woods, and Gnaden Iluetten was 

cleared in a few moments; some who already v/ore 

mbed,liaving scarce time to dress themselves. Iboilicv || 

Zeisberger, who had just arrived in (i naden Iluructi f 

from, Belhlehera, hastened back ta give notice ol ilu.s I 

event to a body of l^nglish militia, who had muiv lird ? 

within iive miius ot the spot; but tliey did not venture \ 

to pursue the enemy in tlie dark.* 1 

After the enemy liad retired, the remains of diose I 

killed at Mahoning, weie collected from the ashes 

and ruins, and interred. A marble slab, in the grave 

j 

yard, about on.j,-half mile' south of Lehighton, marks j 

the place. The conipiler visited this place, Sept. ly. 

| 

1844, when he copied the folio whig hiscription : 

| 

To the memory of 

: 

- ; Gotdieb and Christina Anders, 

wiih their . > children, Johanna, 

Martin and Snsanna Nitshman 

Arm Catliarina Senscman, 

Leonliard Gattermyer, 

Christian Fabricius, cieikj 

; 

— 

|

i 

I 

UISTOr.V OF CAKliON COUNTT. 233 

George Schv/cigcrl, John Frederick Lesly, 

. ;i^''- and Martin Presser 

-••^ Who lived at Gnaden Huetten, 

unto the Lord, 

and lost their hves in a surprize 

^•.'': from Indian Av^-arriori;, 

• 

''' 

' 

November the 24th, 

1755, 

Precious in ihc &ight of the Lord, is the 

death of his saints. Fsahns cxvi. 15. 

— 

; 

[e/.?. Bower, Phi/a., 1788.] 

This chapter is closed hy a narrative of the captivity 

of Gilbert and othei-s. The compiler is indebted to 

Mt. Day for it. The narrative is given hi detail in 

Loudon's Narrative, Vol. II 

" Benjamin Gilbeit, n Quaker from Byberry, near 

Philadelph.ia, in 1 775, removed with his iamily to a 

farm on Mahoning creel:, five or six miles from Fort 

Allen. His second wife was a widow Peart. lie 

'was soon comfortably situated with a good log 

dwelling house, barn, and s;.AV and grist mill. For 

five years this peaceable family went on industriously 

and prosperously ; but on the 25tii April, 1780, the 

very year after Sullivan's expedition, they were surprised 

about sunrise, by a party of eleven Indians, 

who took them all jjrisoners. 

'* At the Gilbert farm they made captives of Ben- 

jamin Gilbert, senior, aged (i9 years; EUzabeth his 

wife, 55; Joseph Gilbert, his son, 41 ; Jesse Gilbert, 

another son, li); Sarah Gilbert, wife to Jesse, 19; 

Rebecca Gilbert, a daughter, IG; Abner Gilbert, a 

son, 14; Elizabeth Gilbert, a daughter, 12; Thomas 

Peart, son to Benjamin Gilbert's wife, 23 Benjamin 

; 

Gilbert, a son of Jolm Giibea of Philadelphia, 11 ; 

Andrew Ilarrigar, of Gcniian descent, 20 ; 

of Benjamin Gilbori's; and Abigail 

a hireling 

Dodson, who 

lived on a Ibrni, about one mile from Gilbert's mill. 

The whole uumbei lakcii at Gilbert's, was 12. Tii'. 

:

234 HISTOliy OF cabbon countt. 

Indians ihen proceeded about half a mile to IJonja- 

niin Peart's dwelling, and there captured liirnself, 

Jiged 27. Elizabeth his wile, 20, and their child, nine 

mondiy old. 

"' The. last look the poor captives had of their once 

conilbrtuble home, was to see the tiames and t'rdling 

.in of tlio roofs, fn'ni Sunnner hill. Tlie Indians ied 

their captives on a toilsome road over Mauch Clmnk 

and Broad mount;dns, into the Nescopeck path, and 

tlien across Quakake creek, and the JMoraviau Pine 

Swamp to IMaiiOniog mountain, where they lodged 

ihc first night. On the way they had prepared inoc- 

f^dsins lor some oi the children. Indians genoraily 

secure then- prisoners by cutting down a sapling as 

large as a man's thigh, and therein cut notciics, in 

which they fix ih^^'ir legs, and over this they jjlace a 

pole, crossing it with stalces drove in tlie ground, and 

on the crotches ol the stuk'cs they })lace other pules, or 

riders, edecturJly conliniiig the ])risoners uii iheii 

Lacks; and bcoides all this they put a strap roun/l their 

necks, which they fasten t4> a tree. In this nu:nner 

the night j)ussi-d with the Clilbert lamily. Their Iv'.l.s 

were Ilendoclr. branches strewed on the ground, and 

bhuikets for a eiJVTiiiig. Andrew Montour v.'as th-: 

leader of tlie Indian party. 

'•' The forhjrn band were dragged on over the w ikl 

and rugged region between the Lehigh and the Clienumg 

branch of tlie Susquehanna. Tliey were oftui! 

n3iidy to faint liy the way, but the cruel threat of immediate 

death, urged them again to the march. The 

old man, Iênjainin Gilbert, indeed had begun to fail, 

tiiid had been painted black—a fatal omen among die 

Indians; but \\ hen his cruel captors had put ;., rop-i 

around his neck, and apjjcared about to kill him, the 

intercessions of iiis wife, softened their hearts, mui he 

was saved. Sid-stipiently, in Canada, the old man, 

cojiver^jing -wixh ll:e chief observed, that he might 

Sidy what none of the other Indians could, '• iiiai he 

had brought in (he oldest man and the youngest 

child. '^ d'i.e chier'-j reply was impreesive : ' it wa:j 

| 

^

? 

HISTOaV OP CAUBON COUNTY. 235 

not I, but the (Jicui (iod, who brought you through ; 

lor we wore detffrininefl t.> kill you, but were pre- 

vented.' 

" On the 54th day of iheh- captivity, the Gilbert 

familly had to encounter the ieariul ordeal of the 

gauntlet. 'The prisoners,' says the anther of tlie 

narrative, ' were released from the heavy loads they 

Jiad heretofore been compelled to carry, and were it 

not for the the treatment they expected oti their approaching 

llie Indian towns, and the hardshsp of 

separation, iheir siin;itiun would have been tolerable; 

but the horror of their minds, arising from the dreadful 

yells of the Iridians as lliey approached th(i hamlets, 

is easier conceived ihan described—for they were 

no strangers to the cnstiMnary cruelty exercised ii[n)U 

tiic captives on enterhig their towns. The Iiidiant>— 

men, women and children—collect together,* bringhig 

clubs and stones in order to beat them, which 

they usually do with great severity, by way of revenge 

for their relations who have been slain. Thia; 

is perf(U-med innnediatcly on their entering the village 

where the wairiors juside, antl cannot be avoided. 

The ])lo\vs, however cruel, must be borne witlKUit 

complaint. The prisoners are sorely beaten until tlieir 

enemies are weary with the cruel sport. Their suf- 

ferings were in this case very great ; they receivcxl 

several woimds, and two of tlie women, who were on 

horseback, were much bruised by falling from their 

horses, which were frightened by the Indians. Elizabeth, 

the mother, took iheller by the side of one of 

them, (a warrior,) but upon his observing that she 

met with some favor u,)on his account, he sent her 

away; she then received several violent blows, so 

lliat she was almost disabled. The blood trickled 

from their heads in a si ream, their hair being croju 

close, and the clolhot, tliey had on in rags, made their 

situation truly- iulcous. Whilst the Indians were in- 

• The waniurs l)ui sokloui louk part, t.jccepl by looking ou arid 

oiicour. ;'iijj the ilemoiiiac sport.

236 msi'(;i{Y OP CAKBON cou^KrY. 

lliclingiliis leven^H; upon the captives, thecliiel'caiiic f'| 

juul pui It .stMji lo any liirthcr cruelty, by telling tlif^m ,' 

ît was .Millicicm/ whicii they ininiediatcly alti'iuleil ^ 

to." 

II 

'• Soon alter tins a severe trial awaited them, 'i'hey • 

were sc'inaateii I'runi each otlier. Some were inveii 4.; 

over to Indicnis to be adopted, others were hiri'd out ;3 

by their Jiulian owners to service, in while tamilics, I'' 

and otiMMS wore sent down the lake to Mo'ilreal. |1 

Among- tliM hnter was the old patriarcli, Benjamin |f 

(Gilbert. ]h(t llic tld man, accustomed to tlu.' com- $ 

forts oi' civili'/,ed lifo, broken in body and mind, froiii 1 

such unexpected calamities, sunk under thecomplica- 

tion of wo and haidshif). His remains repose ar the 

foot of an oak, nea^- the old fort of Cantr da l.ac, on 

tlie St. Lawrmice, below Ogalensburg. Some of" ili; 

f 

family met widi kind treatment from the iiands oi" the 

| 

British (Wlieers at Montreal, who were interested n\ I 

their story, and exerted themselves to release tiv3in I 

from captivity. 

| 

"Sarah (jilh^^rt, the wife of Jesse, becoming ix luu- 

ther, Klizabeili left the service she was engagi, 1 in 

— * 

^ 

Jesse having taken a lionse, that she might give bci 1 

daughter every necessary attendance, la order to 

make their situation as comlbrlable as i)ossiblc d.ioy 

took a child t.) lun-ê, which added a little to tlieiriiN 

come. Alter mis, Elizabeth Gilbert hired her-fU' lo 

h'ou a day {^.y: Atlam Scott. Wiiile she was .,t lier 

\ 

| 

j 

| 

j 

work, a little girl, belonging to the house, acquamted * 

her that tliere v/ere some who wanted to see licv. and 1 

upon eiuering the room, she found six of her cliil- I 

dren. Ttie joy and surprise she felt on this occasion, 

were beyond what we shall attempt to descrd;c. A 

messenger was sent to inform Jesse and his wile, liiut 

j 

\ 

: 

Josei)h Gilbert, Benjamin Peart, Elizabeth, his v.-it'Cj 

and their yoin\g child, and Abner and Elizabrih Gil- 

bert, d>e yomiger, were with their mother.'^ \ 

''Among the customs, or hideed common Jau-*: 01 : 

Uio Indian tribes, one of the most remarkable and in- 

] 

terestmg was adoption of prisoners. This right be 

^ 

| 

| 

| 

| 

j 

'

niTsoiiY OF cmiujon county, 237 

longed more paniciiUaly to the females than to the 

warriors, and well was it I'or the prisoners that the 

election depended r;aherupc»n the voice of the mother 

than on that of IIk^ father, as innumcrahle lives were 

thus spared wli "-i iIm, warriors wonid have innnolated. 

^Vhcll 01,' :.di)pted, if the captives assumed 

a cheerlid aspeci, ei.tr-rod into tlieir modes of life, 

learned their lun-iinge, and, in hrief, acted as if they 

actually felt themselves adopted, all liardship was removed 

not incident to fndi.Ln modes of life. Jkit, if 

^ lliis change of rjir.iiou operated as amelioration of 

condition in the lilV; .-f iIk. prisoner, it rendered ransom 

extremely dilliciili in all cases, and in soniti instances 

precluded it altogether. These diliicnlties 

I were exemplified in a striking manner in the j)erson 

'^ dian 

of Elizabetli Gilbert, the younger. This girl, only 1'2 

years of age, when ca]»tuied, was adopted by an Infamily, 

but al"ter\rard;5 permitted to reside in a 

white fannly of the n;>iiie of Secord^ hy whom she 

was tretiled as a child indeed, and to whom she became 

so nuich attaelu'd as to call INirs. Secord by the 

endearing title ol niinu'iia. Jler residence, however, 

in a white l'amily,wa.. a favor granted to the Secords 

by the Indian pareiUs of JClizabeth, who regarded 

and claimed her as iheir child. Mr. Secord having 

business at Niagara, look Ik'tsey, as she was called, 

with ium; and there, nfter long separation, she had 

the ha[)piness to meet with six of her relations, most 

of whom had beiai already released and were ])repar- 

ing to set out J'or iMohli'eal, lingering and yearjiiiig 

for those they seianed destined to leave behind, perhaps 

forever. The sight ol" their beloved little sister 

roused every energy to elfect her release, which desire 

w.'is generously aoeonde-d by John Seeord and 

('olonel Butler, ulio, .'•on jifter her visit to Niagra, 

sent fVir the Indiun ^'/hoclmned Elizabeth, and made 

overtures for he.- noisoin. At lirst lie declared that 

he •' iL\nt/d nal sell hts oion Jlesh a/id blood;" but 

attacked, ihior.gh liio interest, or in other words, lli^. 

nci.e hies, the negotiation succeeded, ajid, as we have

233 iirsTouY of carbon couNTr. 

already socii, her youngest child was among lla; i.cu 

sures fii'î restored to the mother at Montreal.'" x^ 

" P>cntually ihey were all redeemed and coliu i.jci 1^' 

at Monu-fal, on the 22d August, 1782, when tliey 

took letive of their kind friends there, and returi.edlo 

j| I 

liyberry, alter a captivity of two years and iiv';> 

months. 

'• Tlie premises, where stood the dwelling and mi- 

provements of the Gilbert family, were, in 183;], occupied 

by Mr. Sepmnus Hough, on the north side of 

Mahoning creek, on an elevated hank aljoul foity 

perches from the ujain road, leading from Lehii;l;toi: 

and Weissport to Tanâqua, and about four rniltsîron. 

tlie former. I.enjamin Peart lived about hall' a mil* 

further up the creek, and ahout one-fourth of a jmle 

from the same, on the south side. Mr. Kuteri 

M'Daniel lived on the place in 1833.^'

HISTORY, &

^.'2^vmm. 

'm:

t^t .; :i 

CIIAPTEH I. 

sciii vjkii.l county erected. 

, Before describing ilio ]in;sent boundary, &.c. ot 

this county, it is deeniLd to be of sutiicient interest to 

the reader, to present him a brief liistory of the erection 

of Berks county, l:jni which the greater proportion 

of SchuyikiU has been taken. 

Tlie ianils on the Tulpehucken were still owned by 

the Indians till 1732-'33, Avhen Thomas Penn }nirchased 

them, which more eifectaally opened the door 

to emigrants into that part of the provinee within the 

limits of Berks and l.( baiion; and soon alterwards 

many went boyund the inoimtains, witliin the present 

limits of Schuylkill. Germans and others, especially 

the former, who had already seated, sent for their rela- 

tives and kindred ; and they in turn, on their arrival 

here, enticed others—1:11 several thousand settled in 

various parts on the Schuylkill, Tulpehocken, and 

other places—tiU every glen, vale, hill, and mountain, 

was more or less settled—and under such circimi- 

stances, the inhabhant.^. I'elt die want of a new county,, 

anil were led to i*ctition the Assembly for privileges 

which Penn and his successors had awarded. For 

William Penn, shortly after his arrivid, in 1682, established 

seveial cou-itits, namely: Philadelphia, 

Bucks, and Chester. Pliiladcljjhia county then extended 

indefinitely lov.'ârds the north-west, bounded 

on the east by Bucks, and on the west by the Schuyl-- 

kill, which separated it from Chester county, whicli. 

included, at that time, Delaware county, and all iht' 

P

242 HiSl OUY OF SCHUYLKILL COUNTY. 

territory, except a small portion now within the liniiu; 

^ 

J 

h* 

\ 

ot'Pliilariciphia county, south-west ot the Schuylkill, • 

' 

and extended to the extreme Ihnits of the province, 

north, west, and south. In 1729, Chester was reduced, 

t 

| 

\ « 

hy creeling Lancaster county out of it. In 1749, 

York counfy was erected, and in 1750, Cunihcrlaud 

^{ 

\\ 

was estahlisljod, Berks was erected, March 11th, ;" 

1752. |i 

At the time of erecting Berks county, its popula- > 

tion was from six to eight thousand* x\s it may be i, 

interesting to the reader, a -copy of the pethion to die *j 

Assembly, and utlier papers, have been copied, avid 

are inserted. 

«-^ 

A petition from a considerable number of tivj iii- 

*" 

habitants of Rkadingtown, upon Schuylkill, wa? v 

presented to ihe house, February 4th, 1752, and read, 

setting forth, diat diey had settled in the said town, 

expecting tliut it would be a great place of trauc and 

business, and had put themselves to vast expin> e iu 

building and removing thither with their hii!ulies, 

|^ 

^ 

| 

| 

several of whom left tolerable good plantations; tlint 

though (he said tosvn had not al)ove one houû m it 

about two years ago, (1750) yet it now consists ot 

one hundred and thirty dsvelling houses, beside,-; ibrtyone 

stables, and other outdiouses, and that there are 

one Inindred and sixty families, consisting of tlnê 

hundred and suventy-eight i)ersons settled tlunda; 

that they have good reason to believe that in uuotlicr 

summer they will be much increased, as the chief 

part of the pri>vince that can be settled is already 

taken up, and the settling of the town wdl be of great 

benefit to tradesmen and others, who are not able ti» 

purchase tracts of land to live on; that they hmnbly 

conceived it to be ihoir interest, to the honoraMu proprietaries, 

as well as themselves, and that unlc.s.-: i\m 

house will bo pleased to erect ])art of the counties of 

Philadelphia, Chester, and Lancaster, into a s< parate 

county, tiiey shall ])e untiroly disappointed

HISTORY OF SCHTJVLKILL COUNTY. 24^ 

'they have been at; that therefore, tliey pray this 

house would take their case into consideration, and 

grant them rehef, by erecting such i)arts of said counties, 

as they shall think most proper, into a new 

tounty, with the same privileges that the other counties 

of this provinca enjoy ; and that the seat of judi-, 

cature be lixed v.ntliin the said town of Reading.'^ 

Another petition wa? presented, Februarys, 1752, 

from whicli the following extract is presented : "They 

find the causes of their complaint still growhig, they 

humbly beg leave further to represent, that they are 

settled at a very great distouce from the place of jndi- 

•cature, many of them not less than one hundred miles, 

which is a real hardship upon those who are so unhappy 

as to be sued fur debts, their charges in lung 

journeys, and sometimes in severe weather, with the 

oflicers^ fees, amounting to near as much, if not more, 

•than tlie debts; that the hardships on jurymen, con- 

stables, and in being oj ; that though their grievances 

were laid before the Assembly some years past,t 

were not redressed, bccau.'ie of other \Veiglity affairs 

being at that tune under consideration ; yet the prayer 

of their petition was thought reasonable, and tiie 

number of petitioners being since doubled by the increase 

of the back inhabitants, they theretbre ])ray, 

that this house v/ould grant relief in the premises by 

erecting them into a sei>arate county, bounded, as to 

the wisdom of this house shall seem best.'^l; 

* Votes of Assembly, vol. iv., j..20i. 

\ 1732-'40. Feb. 4, a iietilion sif^ned by Conrad Weiser, Jolii\ 

Davis, James i.jwis, and oilier-, Ma^ j'.reseiiled. 

1 V,.i- i Mt/VhieiiiLiy, v;;l. 4, p. -^05.

341 ii:sroi!V of sChuvlkill county. ! '" 

i ! 

The pray e?) ot the petitioners was granted by ?lio 

| j 

passing.oi" act, March lltli, 1752,* directing the trooy 

| 

tiqu of a conuiy (n\t of parts of Philadelphia,! " 

Ches- i 

tQY,X i\nd Lancaster ôunties.^. ; 

" WheiX'M.s, a great number of the back inhabiuinta' 

of the county of Philadelphia, and tlie adjacent parts \ ] 

of Chester and Lancaster, by their petition, have I | 

humbly reprcser.ied to the Governor and Assembly I 

of lliis piovince, their remote situation from their re- ', 

,j 

spective counly towns, where the covu'ts of justice are |,. 

lield, and p'jbiic offices ke))t, whereby they are fre- I 

quently put to extraordinary e:\!pense of money, and > : 

loss of tinre, in their long journeys thither, as parties 

in cases, witnesses, jurymen, ^c. For remedying i 

^ 

which inconveniences, and relief of the inhab'uaas } ,' 

in those remote jjarls in the ]iremises,be it enacted by f 1 

the Hon. Jamc:;- Hamilton, JOsq., J.,ieutenant Gover- ' 

nor, under the Hju. Thomas Penn and Richard Peuii, | j 

true and absobUe iiropiietaries of the Province ot : 

^ 

Pennsylvania, iind oi the counties of JNew Casiie, -. > 

Kent and Siu^y. \, upou tlio Delaware, by antl with 

the advicu and consent of the representatives of d.j 

|j 

t'\ 

freemen o{ the safi province, in general asseiid^v' imet, 

and by the authority of tlie same : That all and .1^ 

singular the lands lying within the province of Pennsiylvania 

aforesaid; v/,ithin the Limits and bounds as 

hereinafter described, be erected into a county, and 

|j 

|| 

% 

the same are luh'eby created into a couiUy, nanied anti 

hencelorth to bi- called JJijuks bixnided as I'oUoavs-: ; 

By alim;, atlhe distance of ten superficial miles southy 

i 

f 

west from the n'cstern bsmk of the river Schuyllî^!, 

opposite to, the nuuuh of a creek oalled Mouara !>'•:/. 

\\ | 

*A, vol. iii..p. S^rofihe rolls at Harrisburg. 

f Alsace, Kxeier, An.uy, Allimeiigle, ur Albany, Otey, Cohbrookdale. 

and JleiLKiiii luwiisliips, llien oigaruzed, were pii!. 

of PhilcKlel[;hia county. 

4 Coventry and pan of Nanlinill, now Union, part ol' ':1il>u-; 

county. 

§Ctn.-n;uvoa. KiLcûii, Heidelberg, Bediel, Tulp.i, i^Lci 

Itumri., and lierii, ilieii organized part of Lancaster CkUiH}. 

'jFeb. 18, .'7f!0, an n-v. was passed to settle this Hue, 

' 

\ ] 

j 

•• 

| | 

| 

;

niSTOKY CV SCHUYLKILL COUNTY. 245 

to the run norlh Jionh-west to the extremhy of the 

province, and south-east, uatil it shall intersect the line 

of Chestercounty ; then on one straight line of McCall's 

manor; then along the said line to the extremity 

Uiereof, and conriiming the same course, to the line 

dividing Philadelphia and IJucks counties ; then along 

the said line nurtli-uêst, to the extent of the county 

aforesaid. 

That it shall and niay ho lawful to, and for, Anthony 

Lee, Francis Parvin, William Mangridge, William 

Bird and .Tos^^ph iMillunl, or any thfee of Ihein, to 

purchase and take assurance to them and their heirs, 

of a piece of land, situate in some convenient place in 

llie town of Ileadin:;, in luist, and for the use of the 

inhabitants of s:\id cjiinty, and thereon to erect and 

build a court liouse and prison, sutlicient to accommodate 

the public service of the said county, and for the 

eas6 and conveniency of the inhabitants. For which 

purpose three hundred pounds were authorized to be 

assessed and levied, fur pnrchasing land, and Ihiishing 

tlie court honsr and prison. 

By the same ad, lOdward Scull of Philadelphia 

county, lienjannn Li-htfuot of Chester county, and 

Thomas Cookson of Lancaster county, were api)ointed 

to run, m&rk out and distinguish the boundary 

line between tlic said coumies of Philadelphia, Chester, 

Lancaster and of Berks. 

An act was passed, February I'S, 17G9, appointing 

William McClay, Wiiliam Scull and John JJlddle, jr., 

to settle and fix the boundary line dividing the coun- 

ties of Lancaster, Berks and Cumberland. The former 

commissioners, Edward Soull, Benjamin Light- 

foot, and Thomas Cookson, not having continued said 

line fm-ther than the sottJement at that time (175^) 

made. And v/heteas, many were then (ITGK) setded, 

and new setdeinents then making beyond the said 

lines of n5-2,and disputes havmgdien already risen, 

and othei-s. were likely to arise, concerning the hmit.^^ 

ai.'l l.junds of the said couiUies of Lancaster, Cun,-

246 HISTORY OF schuylkill county. 

by reason of tin 

bcrlantl, Berks, and Northampton ; 

boundary lines of 1752, not being completed, the act 

of February 18, 17

HISTOUH or aCnUYLKILL COUNTY. 247 

tion of the coumy. The west and north-west portion 

was part of l.ancasier, ami divided into tlie following 

townships, namely : CaTnarvon, Robeson, Tulpehocken, 

Ileidlebeig, JJethel, Tulpehocken, Cuniru, 

and BcHn. 

Schuylkill count ij was erected out of parts of 

Berks county and Northampton county, by an act of 

assembly, passed March ist, 1811. In tliat act it is 

set forth that: " Whereas, the inhabitants of the 

northern parts of Berks and Northampton counties, 

have, by their pciiuons, set forth to the general assembly 

of this state, ihe great hardship they labor 

under, from being so remote from the present seat ol 

justice, and the public ollices: Be it enacted, 4'f- 

That all that part of Berks county, lying and being 

within the Imiiis of ih.e fullowhig townships, to wit: 

Tlie tovvnshi))S of Brunswick, Schuylkill, Manheim, 

Norwegian, Upper JMahautango, Lower Mahantango, 

and Pine Grove, in lierks county; and the townships 

of West Penu and Rush, in Nortiiampton county, 

shall be, and ihe samo aro hereby, according to their 

present lines, declared to be erected into a county, 

henceforth to be called Schuylkill. 

By the same act, courts were authorized to be held 

at the house tiien occupied by Abraham Reilfsnyder, 

in the township of Branswick, until a court hoiuse 

should be built.* 

The following is an extract from the records of the 

court of quiirter sessions : 

At a court of qartcr sessions held at Orwigsburg, 

on the third Monday in December, 1811, before tlie 

Hon, Robert Porlci , Esq., President Judge, the following 

Attornie.? were adnntted: 

George Wolf, Ciiarles Evans, Frederick Smith, Wni. 

Witnian, .fames B. Hubley, John Spayd, John W. 

Collms, M. J. Biddlc, Samnel Baud, John Ewing. 

• .• . .i.li'i; Laws :.f I'a. V- p. ^02.

216 HISTORY OF SCHUYLKILL COUNTY. 

Toiohsh i'j)s. Constables. 

Brunswick, Cliristiau Kaiip. 

Maiiheim, Jacob Emricli. 

Norwegioii, Isaac Reed. 

Ginc Prove, Chri,sto])lier Bamlinnl 

Upper Mahantango, Peter Kalirl. 

Lower Maiianiaiigo, Joseph Keller. 

Schuylkill. George Olinger. 

West Peiiii, None appeared. 

Rush, do do 

Willuiiri Green, sLerifl' of Schuylkill county, h-w- 

iiig returned the precept to him directed, in all I'lings 

duly executed, whereupon the followijig per.son.s ^vcre 

sworn and afUrnied a.s a grand inquest, viz: 

Bernard Kcpner, George Body, Jacob Jluiis;:i, 

Adam Yost, Plulip Fegelly, Tobias "NVagoner. Tsaae 

Yaruell, Peter Kau|», Conrad Rader, Daniel Feiistermacher, 

Daniel lênshiger, Pi;ter Albright, Ji-vî^l! 

lleck, Joseph Old, Abraham lloli'ee, John Isioek, 

Daniel Graeli', George llillowgas, Andrew (jiii ' '.i, 

Plulip Seidle, ( ;)nratl Yeager.

-^-^ CIIAPTEK II. 

/^'V 

TOPOGIJAPHV, ^c, OF TOWNSHIPS. 

East Brioiswick township is in the southern pari 

cf the county, and is bounded nortli-east by West 

Penn townsliip : souih-eust by Lehigh and Berks 

counties; south-.vesl :ihd west by West ]5runswick; 

nortli by Schuylkill township. The surface of this 

township is diversified; some portions mouutanious, 

some hilly, and undulating. The Blue niouutani 

mns along the southeni and Second mountaui along 

its northern boundary; tlie intervening space diversified. 

The soil is nalurally not i)roaactive. SonuB 

portion of the land is clashed among unseated lands. 

The population, in 18 10, was 1,230. Taxes, assessw.1 

in 1844, for county purposes, $1,0G6 51 ; state tax, 

$485 31 ; on unseated lands, for county purposes, 

$25 54; state tux, $V) 21. 

Port Clint uii, a p^st town, laid out in 1829, in 

Brunswick township, at the confluence of the Tamacjiia, 

or Little Schuylkill river with the mam stream 

above the Water Gajs m the Blue mountain. It is 

quite a thriving place, having become sucli by the 

sliipinent of the products of the coal mines around 

Tamaqua. Tlie Little Scliuylkill railroad extends 

from this plae... AwvH twenty-three miles, into tlic 

coal fields about Tamaqua—ihe coal fields of the 

Tuscarora and Tdruch Clmnk mountain; and th. 

Schuvlkiil caiud nmy tliruugh the town, wliich ados 

greatly to ihe pvospeiily of the place. The country 

cir^Ki d Tort Clinton is vjry mountainous and sU'iili

250 IfllaTORY or SCHUYLKILL COUNTY. 

During tlic Frencli and Indian war, the fev,^ .s

nisTonr o? scruylkill countt. 251 

number of Indians from both sides of the road ; 

upon 

which the wagoners left their wagons and ran iuio 

the woods, and the horses, frightened at the firing 

and terrible yelhng of the Indians, ran down a hill 

and broke one of tVie wagons to pieces. That the 

enemy killed George Zeislotf and his wife, a lad of 

twenty, a boy of twelve, also a girl of fourteen yenrs 

old, four of whom Ihey sealped. That another girl 

was shot in the neck, and through the mouth, and 

scalped, noiwillistanding all which she got otf. That 

a lioy was stabbed in three places, but the wounds 

were not thought to bo mortal. That they killed Im'O 

of the horses, and five are missing, with which it is 

thought the Indiruis carried otf the most valuable 

goods that wure in ihe wagon. 

Sometime in November, 1756, the Indians appeared 

again in this township, and carried otf the wile of 

and three children of Adam Burns—the youngest 

child was only four weuks old. In the month of June, 

1737, the Indians murdered one Adam Trump—they 

took Trump's wife and his son, a lad nineteen yeare 

old, prisoners; but the woman escaped, though upon 

her flying, she was so closely pursued by one of tho 

Indians, (of which ihere were seven,) that lie threw 

his tomahawk at Iier, and cut her badly in the neck. 

The instances of murder were both numerous and 

barbarous in this township. 

Manheim t'ownship is boiyided on the north by 

Norwegian township ; east by West Brunswick 

south by Berks count j,^ ; and west by Wayne towiiship. 

The smface of the township is diversified; on 

the northern bomidary is the Sharp mountain ; the 

Blue mountain is along the south, and the Second 

mountain crosses the interval. The soil is principally 

good—naturally not very productive, though we nteet 

occasionally some tolerably well improved farms. Tlia 

township is pretty well v/atcred. The Schuylkill river 

v.inds lh,roLii|h the north-eastern portion of it, iuul 

;

t^'^ 352 HLSTORl'' OF SCHUrLKILL COUNTY. 

receives id its course the west branch of the Iii'linii 

I'un, which rises in tliis township, and flows i.orth- 

east along the south side of the Sharp mouiif;;in. 

'Panther creek rises also in this townshij), flowi.i;,'^ on 

eastern dirGction, and empties into the Sclniyllcill 

river, si^,: miles west of Orwigsburg; ]ieaver vAxck^ 

Long run, Eear creek, and some smaller streams. 

In 18 10, dji':! towaiship contained thirteen stoioyfour 

grist nulls, sixteen saw mills, one fnrnai:(% one 

forge, one powder mill, two tanneries. Po])ulation 

in 1820,2,104; iiM8;30, 2,160; in KS40, J.lll. 

Taxes assessed m J 8 1-1, for county })ar^>oses, i^î/JOS 

75 ; state tax, $1)23 O.'i. 

Schxi(jlkill Ilavcn, a post village and boron^jli. irj- 

corporate!] in 18 1 1 . is situated on the left bank (M' d.e, 

Schuylkill rivi i, four miles below Pottsville, iujmediately 

below the jmiciion of the West J5rancli, and 

about throe milns west of Orwigsburg. It w;is iuid 

out in 1829, by Mr. I). I. .Rhodes, and others. Tho 

West Branch railroad hero communicates wiili ihe 

Schuylkill Navigation, and the transhipment (T the 

coal has iTeatoil considerable business in this ,11:1 -e, 

and contributed much to the growth of the ] l.ice. 

Tiie town consists now of about eighty goou, and 

many small dwiilings, iive stores, live tavernn, two 

clun-ches—an []pi>iiiopal and a Methodist cbnich. 

There is also a (lennan Reformed church m ar it. 

The populaiioi. mnnbers about 1,000. Here is a 

weigh lock for cauiil boats, a grist mill and a, saw 

mill; two l)ridges across the river. 

The railroad company has just finished an extensive 

building, in the form of a cupola, 12G feet m diameter, 

and about 100 feet high. It is intended fur a 

"car de])ot." h u'lds nmch to the appearance of the 

town, which for fuieness of scenery can vie wuh 

towns of gre;ittr maanitude. " Fertile farms and very 

picturosqae scenciy surround the town, iied ihtl 

bright river iiere meanders among the broad mcadu ws

HISTOUT OF SCinrYLKILL COITNTY. S5u 

as if delighted with being unrestrained by the rocky 

precipices of the coal region. 

"The West iiranch railroad brings in the products of 

many rich mhics. It has been constructed in a suh- 

stantiai manner, and of such dimensions that tlio 

heavy cars of the Heading railroad, with which it 

here hitersecls, njuy vun upon it." 

Branch loionshij) is bounded on the north-west by 

Barry township; north-east by Norwegian; soulhetist 

by Wayuo, and souih-west by Lower ]SIahan 

tango. The siu'lace of this township is diversified; 

the soil a red shafe and gravel, is somewhat fruitful 

if carefully cnltivaK^d ; and sufticiently so, as to amply 

repay the J:d)or bestu wed upon it. The abimdance 

of aiUfu'acite coal adds infinitely to tlie vahte ul 

this township. A considerable portion is classed 

among unseuted UnuLs. The several ridges of the 

JVIahonoy, and spurs of the Broad mountains, cover 

its surface. 'i'lic \Vest Branch of the Schuylkill 

flows through tins tuwnslup. In 18-10, it contained 

two grist mills, foiiricea saw mills, ciglit stores. In 

the same year, there were mined in this townsiiii), 

300,000 tons of anthracite coal. In 1844, there were 

mined a much larger quantity. The tax for county 

purposes in 1844, was !S>2;25G 59; state tax, i!S914 19 ; 

on unseated lands, for county purposes, ^377 36 ; state 

tax, $1.58 09. PopLdalion in 1840, 1,44^. 

Minersville, a post town, incorporated' int» a 

borough, April L, 1841, in Norwegian tov/nsbip, is 

beautifnlly situated, four miles north-west of Pott'*' 

ville, in a delightful valley, thi-ough which the ^Sêsl 

Branch of the Schuylkill river meanders purlingly. It 

is a place' of considerable importance. The editoi 

of the Miner.i' Journal sri.ys, when siieakiiig of thij 

place, in December, 1830 : 

'' A little more than twelv;j 

moiitlis ago, die present site of the town dwelt in all 

tJie loneliness of uncultivated nature, since whicli u 

aspect hau undergone a wonderful change hi iuipro te

^54 HI.ST'JltY OF SCHUYLKILL COUNTTT. 

meiits inu\ ]JOpalation. Along the margin of ihe 

town, tlie West Bianch Tail road extends, and termi^ 

nates at Sdiuylldll Haven, distance seven miles and 

a halt" ficiii Miiieisville, aflbrding an easy and expeditions 

mode of transportation. Tlie principal stvccf, 

bears the name of Snnbury, on which are sitnated all 

the stoics aiicl pidjlic bnildings, It was fortneily tbc 

old Sunbury road, comnunhcating with therith valleys 

in the direction of the Susquehanna. The 

northern portion ol the village is firm dry soil, gradually 

rising and ulTording a southern exposure of 

favorable character for private dwellings, Seven 

large houses have already been erected during the 

present season on this .spot, by Messrs. Ikmict & Gilmore, 

together with a number of small buildings in 

the same qnaiter. Last spring there were Ijui .vix 

dwellings in all, since which there has been an in- 

•crease of forty -nine substantial houses."* 

At present tlie town consists of rising one Inuidred 

dwellings, many of which are commodious; .six 

taverns, nine siores, five churches; one Welsh Calvinistic, 

Welsb Haptist, Welsh New School Prisbyterian, 

ISIethoJist, and German Reformed and Lutheran; 

a /louring mill, steam sawmill, foundeiy. car 

manufactory, and a number of warehouses. The lo;','U 

is surrounded by mines and coal hills, aboundnig in 

anthracite coal of good quality. 

The first machine lor breaking coal in this rouniy, 

was erected on Wolf creek, near tliis town, by Mr. 

Bast. ^Ve sa',>/ tliis machine at work, and it seein.s lo 

answer a good i)urpose, for it saves a vastamoinit (if 

labor. 

Llewtlhjn, which it obtained from a Welsh njner, 

David Llewellyn, is a brisk village, on the West 

^^rancli of tlic Schuylkill, consisting of some fii'ty or 

sixty dwellings, three taverns and several stores. 

There is considearahle business done here. 

Tv/o miles and a half north-west from lh

UITSOUy OF SCHUYLKILL COUNTY. 255 

is the iiauici.se tiiiin.?! of the New York company. 

It is driven into the Broad mountain, and wide 

enough I'or a doullo track of railroad. 

Loiver Mahantango iowmhip* is bounded on th< 

north by Upper Mahantango township ; on the northeast 

by liarry and Brancli townships ; south by Pine 

Grove; and south-west by J)auphin county. Tlie 

Maliantango mountain extends along its northern 

boiuidary, dividing this township from Upper Mahantango. 

The Ih-oad mountain crosses it from 

souiU-west to n(irtli-e[).st, and the Sharp mountahi 

runs on and near the southern line. The surface u 

diversified, mountainous, hilly and undulating; and 

portions of it very rugged and broken; a considenible 

proportion is classed among "unseated land." 

Many of its valleys, for they are numerous, and hill 

sides are productive, having a soil of red shale—amply 

repaying ihelaboi- expended on its improvement. 

It is watered and drained by Long Pine creek, which 

crosses the township from east to west; Deep cruek 

and the Swatara from the southern part of the township. 

In Deep creuk valley, anthracite coal abounds. 

In 1S40 it contained four stores, five grist mills, tliirteen 

saw mills, two lanneries. Population in 18'JO. 

937 ; in 1830, 1,234 ; in 1840, 1,465. Taxes assessed 

in 1844, for county purposes, $1,384 36; state tax, 

$588 24. Taxes cu ujiseatvd lands—county tax, 

ig52S 34; state tax, *21 1 47. 

Barry toivnship is bounded on the north by Upper 

Mahantango to v/iiship ; north-east by Norwegian • 

.south-east by Pranch ; and south-west by Lower 

Mahantango. The surface is hilly and mountainous 

»Since 1810, rr/icr ioumi/iip lias been erected, and is bounded 

on ;ht! east by Lower Mah;\nt:uigo ; south by Pine Uiove lowiship 

; west by Daupliin county. Tlii«> township has nnicli "unseated 

laud," the ta.': upon wiiich was, m 1814, :^-lI9 Hi). Tr.e 

county tax on re;>i ami pers..iif;l estate, besides on unsealed la:. 1, 

in !S4'l,was ;187 OG ; state tax, 1^87 ,50.

556 ni.sTO.UY OF SCHUYLKILL COUNTY. 

The sovoral lidges ot' the Mahahony and spih;. of iK? 

]iroad mountain cover its surface, but theinterveniiig 

valleys have a soil of red shale and are tolerably 

productive. Much, however, of the land is classed 

among ' unseated lands." 

In oiio of these valleys, to the south-east, ilowa 

i)eep creek into I-ong Phie creek, which also rises in 

this township. The Great Mahonoy and Littlu JVIahonoy 

creeks, both considerable streams, liow througl) 

this lo'vnshipj tlie former rises in liush township, 

and liows west, soutli-west, along the south side of 

the JNIahonoy ridge, about fifty miles, and falls into 

the Susquchaima river, eleven nnles below Sunbury. 

About oue-li:ilf its course towards its mouth is in 

Nortlnunb(!ri;ind county. In 1840, it contained two 

stores, one forge, thrtê grist mills, twenty-three saw 

mills. Population in 1830, 44:3-, hi 1840, (139. Taxts: 

levied in 1844, for county purposes, ^795 K> ; slate 

tax, $235 30 Taxes on unsealed /am/s, for Ccunt], 

purposes, $377 30 ; state tax, $158 OU. 

Fi?te Ciruvi: township is one of tlie south wesl-'it 

townships, and is bounded on the north by Toils 

townshij), erected since 1840 ; east by Wayne ; soutii 

by lierkscouniy; and west by Lebanon and Dauphiij 

counties. Tlie surlace of this township is gtiit rally 

very mountainous, though we meet with lu.re and 

there an inviting and fertile spot, rendered prudiictiv-:; 

by the pcrsovcring hand of industry, A considerable 

proportion is classed among " unseated lands." 

"This township is drained by the Swatara creek, 

whose branches traverse it in every direction. Along 

tlie main stream of the Swatara, which Hows on die 

north side of the lUue mountain, runs the navigable 

feeder of ilie Union canal, including the Groat J)ani 

Oi- Artilicia.l Lake, made by the Union Canal (Joinpany, 

in a narrow part of the gorge of the nuKmlaiu 

through which the creek passes. This grcc't worl: 

Bxtciidy across the pass, abutted by solid rocks, fo\;i

HISTOUV or .•^ClfiJl'-LKILL COUNTY. 257 

liundred and thiny feet, oj id the water which is ar- 

rested, covers between seven and eight hundred acres. 

A towing jjath is constructed along the margin to the 

head of the pond, a distance of six miles, I'rom which 

fjlace the canal has been contiiuied four miles to the 

village ot" Pine Grove, wliere basins have been made 

•to facilitate the coal trade." 

A gentleman, William liank, Esq.,* in a comnm- 

Tiication tu the wrjier, speaking of the Great J)am, 

says : 

•' The Union Canal Company erected a dam in 

the Swatara (ra]>, of innnense altitude, for a dam; 

forty-five leet, i.'; die lieiglit of it ! This dam inun- 

•dates about eight hundred acres of land; and the 

5)ond forms a coinpleie artiiicial lake, and proves, oc- 

casionally, a dealli place for some deer, which, to 

elude tlie chase of dcgs, take to the deep and are 

there taken. There ate still some deer in the mountains, 

not distant from the dam. Tiie way hunters 

manage to take deer is, to set their dogs in pursuit of 

them, and during the chase, some of the party of the 

hunters do take stations near and along the pond or 

lake ; when the deer n'c hotly i)ursued by the dogs, 

they make for the water, and thus are taken, in some 

leases alive, by the hunters. 

" The daril was constructed to serve as a reservoir, 

to feed the 'canal— it liceds feeding, for it consumes 

much to kee]) all its junctions moving—and afso to 

answer as a slack water navigation, for the distance 

of si-Y miles, towards Pine l^rove, and tlie coal region, 

Wiiat changes!" 

In 1840, it contained six stores, two furnaces, one 

forge, three grist mills, twelve saw mills. Population 

in 1820, 1,808, (Including part of Wayne;) in 1830, 

1,609 ; in 18 10, 1,G05. besides those of '' Pine Grove 

borough." Taxes assessed in 1844, i'oi county pur- 

poses,^ $1,42G 53 ; state tax^ $642 47. (For tho 

borough, $'3C>\ ;i,'.! ; S151 57.) Taxes on unseated 

•H-icry c r UeiK.~ dad Leb. tijri, p. S50, 

Q . 

' ' 

'

258 HISTOUY OF SCHUYLKILL COUNTY. 

lands, for (bounty purposes, $632 39; state tax on 

âuie,$25C 71. 

Fine Gnn'c, post town and borough of Pine (irove 

township, is a beautiful and busy j)lacc, situate ;u the 

base of tlie Bhic niountain, on the Swatara crcclc, 

about fiftetn miles v/est of the river SchuylkiU, and 

eighteen from PotlsviUe. It may be emi)hatically' 

termed a business place, for everyone in it appears 

to be eiuployed— " loafers and idlers are scarce/' 

"It is il'O principal shippiaig depot of the wostcni 

isection of the great anthracite coal basig, possessing 

facilities for transpovialion through the niedinin o( the 

Union canal, a branch of which extends ta this ])hu'i',,, 

and terminates in kisins made far boats, from which 

a railroad lead:i- to the coal region, and siiveral 

branches of it to, different coal mines, on lârlierry 

creek, four or five miles from the town, by mens ol 

which coals arc coi|veyed to the shi])ping depot. 

Here the Inisy hum of active em,ployment, joined iu 

the rumbling ,0,1 the car wheels, and the rattlir.g of 

tlie arti

.^ 

HISTORY OF SCHUYLKILL COUNTY. 259 

qiiehanna, lo Pine Grove and intermediate places. 

These cliangcs have proved reverses to many. The 

future prosperiiy of tfjis place will depend much upon 

the faciUties afTordcd in tfan.sporting coal to market. 

Pine G).ove v/as incorporated, March 7, 1843. 

' Since the commencemont of the coal, business, a 

considerable (juantiiy of coal has been, shipped from 

Pine Grove; in 1837, 17,000 tons; in 1.-838, 13,000; 

in 1S3!J, ^30,6,59; in 1.840, 23,a

f 

: 

^r 

niSTOUY OF SCHUYLKILL COUNTY. 25.0 

queluinna, to Pine Grove and intermediate places. 

These cliangcs liave proved reverses to many. The 

future prospcriiy of t}4s place will depend much upon 

tiie facilities afforded in iransporiing coal to market. 

Pine Gjove was incorporated, March 7, 1843. 

' Since the commencement of the coal, business, a 

considerable quantiry of coal has been, shipped from 

Pine Grove; in 1837, 17,000 tons; in 1-838, 13,000; 

in lb3!J, iiO,6.39; in 1.840, 23,860; in 18-Uj, 17,653.; 

in 1842, 32,331; iu 1843,22,905; in 1844^ 34,916; 

making an aggregate, in eight years, of 182,354 tons, 

If tlie Union canal were widened so as to adnnt 

large boats, the quantity shipped here would be ma- 

terially increased. 

,SiuaiaraoiiL, near Pme Grove, is a small village, 

consisting of a few old looking dwellings. 

Hush township is bounded on the riorlhrwest by 

Union township ; north-east by. Carbon county ; south 

by West Penn townsliip.; and soutli-west by Sclmyl- 

kill township. Thi.s, like other towuships-m this region, 

is covered to some considerable extent with 

mountains and high hills, not yet thoroughly.explored, 

except the southern section, which .abotmds with coal 

.mhies. It is said that there is a salt spring hi this 

township, near the mouth of Panther. creek, a small 

tributary of the Little Schuylkill riv^r; In 1820, this 

township contained only 25',^ inhabitants; in 1830, 

359; in 1840, 370. It contains several villages or 

towns. 

Home, laid out some ten or fifteen years ago, by 

the Messrs. Dutican o{ Philadelphia, is situated in 

Locust valley, at the intersection of the Catawissa and 

lierwick road.s. " It is ';aid to ])ossess advantages not 

common in this part of the country; tobe surroimded 

by good iarm land, having abundance.of limestoui 

iu the neighborhood.'^ It consists of few houses. 

P«//t?A9on, named after iiurd Patterson, Esq.îs oi: 

the :•' îuiylkii; valley railroad, about seven miles from

* 2r>0 jnSToUY Oh SCHUYLKILL COUNTY. 

Port Carbon, at the confluence of the Big creek wifh 

the Schuylldll river. It was laid out by Burd Pailcrson, 

Swift and Porter, in 1830, and contains twenty 

dwelliiujs, two taverns. In tlie sunny days of this 

once bustling village, Messrs. llalsey & Ruunion 

erected a brewery, which has, however, been ;d)ai!doned 

for some years. JNIiiiehill, abounding w.'.th excellent 

anthracite coal, approaches the town, and no 

doubt will furnish the means of the future prosperity 

of the place. 

The first soUlenicnt made in the vicinity of tiii.> 

village, was by John Bushey, between 1785 and 1 790. 

Bushey afterwards sold it to Mr. John Seltzer. 

Tuscarorn, a post village, in Rush township, on tht 

north side of 'i'uscarora mountain, at the head waters 

of the Schuyll.ill river, and on the Shuylkill v;i!ley 

railroad, was laid out in 1830, by Joseph LyL-n. Ii 

is one of the Alladin lamp creations of the coal trade., 

and consists of twenty dwellings, nnich scattered, two 

taverns and one store. The principal part of the 

town, with a b.rge tract of land, is held by Stevenson. 

and Schuylkill company. Formerly it was chiefly 

inhabited by miners, who depended on the coal trade. 

Near the village is an extensive coal jnine, which ha.-. 

been v/iu-ked for nine years, by James Palmer, bu: 

at present it is not in operation. The village is loca- 

ted in a wild and barren country, and its futme pros- 

perity depends ni)on the success of coal business liere. 

The railroad terminates liere, eoimecting with Port 

Carbon. Some ten years ago. Bell & Son, erceied a 

large commodious frame building, which was orcupied 

several years as a hotel; but owing to a change 

of times, it lias not l)een occupied as such for the last 

six years. The first settlers in and about Tn-;carora. 

, were George Raber, Jacob Ladig, Peter Ladig ai'd 

Henry Schcll. l\Ir. Raber resided lor many year.^, 

one mile Avêst of Tuscarora, where he had pn.ch;.sf:i> 

an improvement made by George Freheio,si.\iy yca^s

HISTOKIT or SCilUYI.ICILL COUNTY. 2GI 

ago. Rheiuhard, Korslier, and Fries, were early settlors 

east ot'Tuscarora. 

Tamaqua, a i^jst town and village, laid out by the 

Lehigli Coal aiui Naviâilion Company, ui 1829, is situated 

ill a dell, ])et\veon the Sharp and Locust moun- 

tains, where scarcely ground enough was found for 

«;. sites for houses and gnrdrns hy scraping away the 

": rocks that incumbered it. It is on the Tamaqua, or 

Little Schuylkill river, seven miles fiom where it 

rises, and seventeen above its junction with the main 

streani, and fifletu fi-onk Pottsville. At present it is 

(juite a brink place. Like many of the coat tuivns, 

the houses are not built hard by each other—rather 

ill straggling ch'sters, numbering in all one hundred 

and tbirty dwellings; sonu of which are substantially 

built. It contains six taverns, four stores ; formerly 

also a brewery, one Catholic church, one Episcopal, 

one German Reformed and Lutheran; a car and coach 

manufactory. Population 500. 

, The 

inhabitants mainly depend on the coal trade ; 

for anthracite coal is abundant here, fownd hi large 

veins, and o( excellent quality. The coal lands in the 

vicinity, are principally owned by the Lehigh Coal 

Company. The coal mines worked here are above 

water level. The veins of coal are alpliabetically 

enumerated; several of them have been successfully 

mined. Vein D, on ilie east side of the Little Schuyl- 

kill, or Tamaqua river, lias a drift into it, of 3,300 feet 

in length, from which one hundred tons of coal are 

daily taken. From tlie same vein, on the west side 

of the river, fifty or sixty tons are daily taken out. 

Both worked by the Little Schuylkill Company. Vein 

E, on east side of Taniaqjra, has a drift of 2,200 feet, 

out of which one hundred and forty tons are daily 

taken. Vein E, lins not been worked on the west 

side. Vehi F, has a drift of 2,300 ftet, worked on the 

ea,st and w.;ot. Vein E and F are worked by Mi, 

Parter. \^\m A, B, and C, higher up Taniaqua, 

' hav i.\ol yet bet:ii opened. Veins 0, P, Q, and l( 

,

262 iiisTORY or schuylkill county. 

are south of tl-e village. Q is the only one worked 

There is a railroad from Port Clinton to ']'ania(iua. 

It is said tu be the best in these regions, and so n-'arly 

level, that the iiorses whieli drag tlie car, go up i:. [U 

the rate oi' ten miles an hour. From the winihng 

course oi' die river, it was found necessary, in the con- 

struction of this railroad, to cross the Taniaqua river 

several times, v/iiich is done on covered bridges. 

Those Avlio delight in mountain scenery, will be 

fully gratifi:d in a ride on this railroad, which ruiu lis 

whole distance liy the side, or in the neighborlund of 

hills, lifting then- tree-crowned summits high inlc ti'L 

clouas. I 

Acontinuatiou of this railroad from Tamatiua, U\ 

connect with iho Quakahe and Crfttawissa railroad. i 

has been projected, hut never made. A stage read 

connects Tanuujna ^v'ith Mauch Cliunk railrujid, five 

| 

', 

miles east at the Suiunut Mines, and with the Sd.iiyi-- I 

kill valley railroad, four miks west, at Tuscaroa. | 

Sckiii//kill tcumship is one of the -central iir.vi;ships 

of this coiuily, and is ibounded on the iionh 

west by Union 'township ; north-east by IJusli and 

West Penn; so'.ith by East Brunswick and Wcit 

Brunswick ; soiuh-west by Manheim and Norwegian 

towiishijis, 'It tomprehends a ricli section iA the 

coal region, ha '.nig within it the Sharp mouniainj ] 

Mine hill, or Locust mountain, the Bi'oad movmtain ^ 

and the Alahonoy mountain, in all of which anthra- 

\ 

cite coal aboiuuls ; it embraces the greater portion of 

J 

the Schuylkill A'allty Railroad, along whicli a vast \ 

mmiber of minea have been opened. (See descrij tion 1 

below, of Schr.ylkill valley.) The Cattawissa cr::-ak ; 

crosses the northurn section of the townsliip, where it I 

is navigable for canoes; and the Great and Littlii M\\~ 

honoy creeks 'cross it ««uth-'\vestwardly; and smuiIi oI i 

the Sharp mountain, 'ilambling creek flowt i;i llie 

* 

same direction towards the Schuylkill, below .Mi»v.hi 

Carb:))!. It contains the villages of Middlepoil, Greeji- 

| 

| 

] 

1 

\ 

> 

i 

I

MISTOr.y 01^ ^.cnUYI-KILL COUNTY. 263 

field, Louisbuig, Paiterson, Bell Forest, Five Point 

Mines, Cumbulb, New Philadelphia, &c. 

•The roads iVom M'KeansLurg to Cattawissa and 

Sunhury, pass through the township. The surface 

of the country is mountainous; the soil chietly of 

white gravel, alternating with red shale, and gener- 

ally sterile; a ' considerable portion of it is classed 

i i among '* unseated lands.'' 

• ingsS, 

• Louisburg, a small village, on the road from 

M'Keanshurg to Cattawissa, about eight miles northwest 

0*1 Orwig.sburg. Ii consists of ftve or sixdwell- 

one tavern nnd a store. 

Tins township liad, in 1840, two grist mills, nine 

• saw niihs and four stores Population in 1820, 540 ; 

in ISJO, 1,200; in ISiO, 1,:334 ; dt present, (1845,) 

rising 1,500. The Taxes assessed for 1844, amounted 

to, for county purposes, $1,877 GO; state purposes, 

1^743 83. Taxes on miseated lands—county tax, 

^184 45 ; state tax, ^::73 76. 

Here is inserted a description o{ Schuylkill valley, 

&.C., written twelve Yarbon, at die 

mouth of Zaciiariah's run, otre the " Iîoe Point 

Midcs,''' wl;ich are very extensive, and produce iirf.'l

264 iriSTOur of schuylkill county. 

rate coal. Along the run a lateral railroad may It 

made ccûmianicaiiug with many valuable coal beds. 

One mile above Bolton Cm-ry's mine, is the " Bopp 

Tract'' owned by Messrs. Hubley. Indian nm divides 

this tract, along which a lateral road moy be 

also made to mines of approved quality. The next, 

upon the river, is the " Barloio and Evans Traf^tP 

near the mouth of Silver creek, ibur miles above Port 

Carbon. This stream passes through Mine hill, and 

gives access to the large and valuable tracts of Messrs. 

Burd Paltxjison, Geissenheimer and others, rjn the 

Glenworth; and Valley Furnace tracts, is auodier 

lateral road, a mile abo«e which is another stieLun, 

running ihrough the Valley Furnace propeny, up 

which a lateral rtâil has also bên made to sonii:; \ 

five mines. Above this lies Middleport, a new pqst \ 

town, at thiS conlluence of the Kaskawilliam creek | 

with the Schuylkill siver. Up this stream, laterals 

have beeii made to the Mine hill, by the })roprietors \ 

of the land known as the " Jacob. Stahl^^ " Oliugci-,'' \ 

and " Bushtij Traof.s;" on eaoh of which, open j 

ings have been made into beds of ooal of good (piahjy. . 

The next lateral road is up Laurel creek, to the I)e- 

long collieries, owned by Mr. ].auton, and Llighr, | 

Wallace, ^ Co. One mile above this, is the tou n oi 

Pattersoii, owp.cd by Messrs. Bmxi Patterson, Swift | 

& Porter. Big creek, which penetrates the Mine hill,. 

| 

and divides, tlie coal strata advantageously, passes j 

through tlus phice. The river road and iSIiivj tnl!, 

are much nearer to each other, than below, liaviiig 

gradually converged from a mile above Port Carbon. j 

As the road follows the course of the river, at ninny 

of the bends it intersects the veins transversely, for j 

they range inyaaahly seventeen degrees north o\[ east. , 

Tills circunjstauce is \v;orihy of notice, as it sianvs j 

that the coa.1 is by nft, means cwifmed to the north. ; 

side of the river ;. and there am on the si^.nib side 

several nup tracts, as at MiddUport, the \ aiuablfi 

properly of Messrs. Ropb and David Winebrenhpv. 

cf Philadelphia, knuwu, as the ''-Jacob LaclivJ' upjI 

\ 

j 

j 

\ 

j

HIT-SCUY Oi' SCII'JYI.KILL COONTY. 2();) 

part ef tliat owmul liv Messrs. Porter, Enierick, and 

Kom, called iho " Hkster Tract:' Next above Pat. 

terson, lies the " Petur Ladii( Tract" of Mr. Biddle, 

and the '' Jiab-r Tract,'' owned hythe same geutlelUan, 

and Mr, EdwDi Swilt. These are rich in coal,. 

and advantageously siaialed. 

Pebble run divides the 

Slrata finely lor mining operations, about a mile and 

a half above Big creek. It passes over '' Jiaber 

jyacty" and divides Mine hill, here called " Locust 

mountain:' Next to d.e " liaber Tract" is the 

« Tuscarora Tract'' of Mr. William Lawton, Blight, 

Wallace & Co.- -a hu jie t.aet. The next tract above 

this, is also a large one, belonging to Jose])h Lyons 

and Jacob Alter. Tlie river risers from tlie springs 

of this tract, which divide the ground advantageously 

for mining. The veins which we have just noticed, 

are said to have four hundred breast above the water 

level." 

Union township v.^ iii the north-eastern part of the 

county, and is bound. -d us follows : On the north by 

Luzerne co\m(y ; .sonUi-east and souih l)y Rush and 

Schuylkill townshi[)s ; west and north-west by Colum 

bia comity. This lowiiship is mostly covered with 

mountahis, and higli vugged hills and until late had 

; 

been but little explored, except die southern portions 

of it. A considerable proportion of it is classed 

among unsealed lands. It is bul si)arsely populated. 

\\\ 1;8 10, it contained !»()() inhabitants. The county tax 

assessed in 18 11, on veal estate and personal property, 

amounted to $(i 10 71) ; for state purposes, i^30S 85. 

Upper Mahantar.g() towns/iip, a north-wêstern 

township, is b(mud(;d on the nortli and north-west by 

Norlhiunberlimd couiily; east by Norwegian township 

; south by Barry and Lower Mahantango townships 

; on tliu" Y/est by Dauphin county. The surface 

is hilly— it is a ' congr'/gation of hills;" having the 

Mahonoy rnnuutrtiu on the north,, and Mahantan;iv->. 

i),, the soiUh. ft is watered iJ);incipally by tv/o,

PliG >Il-^TOUy OF SCIIUYLKIXL COUNTY. |-^ 

braiiche.. uf the iMalmntango creek, flowing v/cstwardly 

Uivoddi il ; after uniting, they (low onward 

for ei'^htroii or twerily miles, into the Siisquehar.na 

river,°ahout twenty five miles above Ilarrisbing. fhe 

soil is red shale and white gravel ; the Ibrmer i:s bUf^ 

01' ceptible improveiuent ; but the latter reciuues n:ore 

labor to bo bestowi^d upon to make it yield, than wiU 

repay the iuisbnndman. A portion of it is classed 

ij 

^?.;^ 

U 

|;, 

.| 

U 

y. 

among •' an.soated lands." 

The poi>!iU:ti"ii ill 1820, was SG3; in 1830, l,,150j 

in 1840, I, Jill. 1i.'! taxes assessed for 1844, were, 

for comilv' pi .i'"^-' s 

'i 

f 

| 

^^^'-^-^ ^- ' ^^^^^ *'*^' *^~''- ^^ ! 

on unseated la.uls—county tax, $21 85; stale VuK, 

$8 75. Tii 1^ 1), it contained eight grist milb., eight 

saw mills, fivi' Ujri:., antL one distillery. 

Ziinnicrnui.tdairn, is a small chister of 'houses in 

« 

the northoru I'urt uf the township. It contains a stjre 

and tavern. 

JVaijne towvahip is bounde-d on the norili by 

Brancii township; east by Manheim township; icrth 

by lierks couuiy; and on the West by Pine (iiove 

township. A uTcat pro])ortion of this towntihip is 

mountanioiK uod hdly ; soil gravel, though consiciera- 

| 

i 

\ 

•' 

bly impruved, ii is watered by several small streams, 

tributaries of ii!

I 

HISTOKY OP SCIEtyLKILL COUNTF. 267 

country in 1755 to 17G3, were greatly alarmed on 

account of the iiamerous murders commiltd by tlie 

savage Indians. The greater part, or all, had lied 

from their plantauons iato the more southern parts of 

Berks county. In Gctober, 1755, the Indians were 

traversing this region of country, and committed 

several murders under circumstances of much cruelty. 

Mr. W. Parsons addressed a letter to the Kev. Kintz, 

dated October, 1755. as follows: 

"This morning, very early, between four and five 

o'clock, Adam li^cs, i.n iulial)itant over tlie first 

mountain, about six inilus from Lawrance Hant'."; 

house, who lives on this side of the mountain, came; 

to my house, and declared that yesterday, between 

eleven and twelve o'clock, he heard three ûns fired 

toward the ])lanlation of his neighbor, Henry Ilartman, 

which made bin. suspect that something more 

than ordinary had ha])pen( d there. Whereupon he 

took his gun and went over to llartman's house, be- 

ing about a quarter of a mile oil', and I'ouiid him lying 

(lead upon his face ; hi-, head was scalped ; but saw 

no body else. He made, thereuiion, the best of his 

way through the wouls, to ihe inhabitants on this 

side of the mountain, to inform them of what had 

happend."* 

'In another letter to Adam Heed, Mr. Parsons says 

Sir :— I wroie you yesterday, that I intended to bo 

with you at the unhappy place, where Henry Hartman 

was murdered, but when I got to the top of the 

mountain, 1 met some meii, who said they had seen 

two men lying dead and scalped, in the Shamokiu 

road, about two or three niileb from the place where 

we were; wherefore, we altered our course, being 

twenty-six in nuriiber, and went to the place, and 

found the two men lying dead, about three hundred 

yards from eai.h oilier, and all the skin scal})ed oil 

their heads. 

»P-;niicialit;curJ;:, N. p. 258. 

:

268 ,F SCnUYLKlfLL COUNTY. 

We goi a yiubbiiii^ hoe and spade, and dug a ^lave 

as well ciji WL! could, llie ground being very stony,, 

and bniied tlicm both in one grave, without tiiking 

off their clothes or examining at all their wounds j 

only we saw that a bullet had gone through the leg 

of one of ihcni. I thuiight it best to. bury them, tQ. 

prevent iheir bodies fiom bified 

by many hills, of which the Little mountain is a part, 

The soil is rod shale ami white gravel. All aloi i die 

lioxth side of the Ulue mountain, is a belt of red 

succeeded by a tllu limestone formation, .i 

siderabje portion of which occurs near Orwi;::' 

This township is preuy well watered.. Puie 'o 

••X'i'jvii Uecods.IN. i!.i:5g.. 

lorilv 

ick 

; 

Avn- 

lilly, 

halo, 

con- 

.urg. 

',! i:? 

I

; w 

, 12th, 

HISTORY Of SCi'UYLKTLL COUNTY. 2G9 

the principal stream llowing through this township, 

in a south-wesleni direciion—it falls into the Schuylkill 

river six waI;^ below Schuylkill Haven. 'Plicre are 

• Schuylkill 

several mills on ii. There are siill some lands in this 

township classed among '-unseated lands." The 

taxes assessed in Iblt, tor county purposes, amounteii 

to, exclusive of Orwigsburg, *l,434 3'3 for stale pur- 

; 

poses, S626 2S, Populalion in 1810, 1,701. Be- 

sides Orwigsbarg. tbere are several small villages in 

the tuwnsbip. 

Okwigsi5u)u>, post town, borough and seat of juslice 

of Schuylkill county, stands on a rising ground, 

near a small stream,* wliieh Hows into the Schuylkill 

river. It was laid out by Peter Orwig, in \19U, 

but was not mucli settled till after 1811, when 

county was separated trom Berks, when jt 

was made the county seat, and incorporated, Marcli 

1813. 

The valley in whirh this town lies, is surroundcit 

by lofty and beautiful hills, wliich admit of cultivation 

to their very summits. The lands, though much 

broken, are well cultivated, and very productive. 

The town consists of about two hundred dwellings, 

many of which arc tln\-o story, and of brick, convenient 

and handsome. The court house and public 

dfices are of brick; the former, a large substantial 

building, surmounted by a cupola, and the aca(lemy 

is a spa^cious building, also with a cupola. _ Tliis institution 

was incorporated in 181 3, and received a dona- 

lion of $2,000 from the state ; four public scliool.v. 

There are S(;veral hne churches here, viz: Tlie 

Lutberan, which is. a spacious building; the German 

Reformed, the corner stone of which was laid, AugU'î 

2yth, 1831, and llie oi.r held by the -Church oi 

*'l'raduioii has it, ihat ai ih:- junction of llie little creek wli'ci! 

runs arouni Orvvigsburij wiih the Scluiyilull, was once a. ecuj.idi-rableliulif\n 

town, on or near Scollop Hill. 'I'liu lunnel ol uu: 

370 iiisTony of schuylkill county. 

God," and one by tlie Evangelical Association ; ^:t 

stores, and four taverns, one printing oUice, is.juing a 

weekly paper called Die St'unmedes Votks. The 

population of the town was, in 1820, GOO; in 1830, 

773 ; in 1810. 779 •, at present (1844,) rising 800. 

The tain[ukc leading from Heading to Pottsviile, 

on to Sanbnry, passes through here. The town is 

tv\ênty-six miles from Reading, and eight south-eost 

of Pottsvihe. 

McKeansburg is a brisk post village, four nulcg 

north-east of Ovwigsburg, contains about thirty dwell- 

iijiifs, two stores and, several taverns. 

. ^Landisvillc, on the Reading railroad, tAVu miks 

from Orwigsburg, contains some thirty dwellings, 

two stores and two taverns, and public school houses. 

". Went 

Perm township is in the north-eastern pavx 

of the county, and is bounded on the north by Rush 

township ; noith-east by Carbon county ; sout'a-east 

by Lehigh county ; south and south-west by East 

Jhunswick to.vnship. The surface is hilly, the soil 

gravelly, and nîturally not very productive—raiher 

sterile. A considerable proportion of the land is 

classed among "unseated lands." The Taniaqua, 

or Little Schuylkill river, drahis it;onthe nor

I 

IIIiTOUf OP SChlirLJaLL COUNTr. 27! 

The inliabitaiUs of tliis townsliip, on the southern 

border, were, in 1155-56, and later, mucli exposed 

lo Indian depradaiians. [See East lirunswick town- 

sliip.] The population of 1830, was 1,379 ; in 184(>, 

1,230. Taxes assessed hi 1S44, for county purposes, 

181,074 G3-, state' tax, ^15G 63; on unseated lands, 

county ia:i, $201 4t ; state tax, $81 73. 

Norwegian township is one of the norihern townships, 

and is boiuidod ou tlio north by IJroad mountain 

; north-oast by S(MiuyilsiH townsliip; south by 

Mauheiin; soulli-wrsi by liranch and l?arry, and 

west by Upper Mahantango township. This township, 

though covered with mountains and hills, and 

containing little arable land of good (piidity, 13 one of 

the inost important ones in Sebnylkill county, if not 

in the state, and has been iho principal scene of wondrous 

improvenv.'i its, of which Potlsvilleis the centrc% 

;. The Sharp mountain, tb(! southern boundary of 

the anthracite coal Ibrmation of Pennsylvania, ibrms 

its soulliern line, and the norlh is marked by 15road 

mountain. The main branch of the Schuylkill river 

enters it from the north-east, and receives Mill creek 

and two branches of the Norwegian creek. The 

West Branch, and tlio west-west branch of the 

Schuylkill, enter U from, the north and west, all of 

which give ready accjess tollie veins of coal, by the 

facilities which theif valleys aiibrd (or the construction 

of railroads and penetration of the hills. The main 

river has two dams, wiih canals in the township :* 

the ftrst forms the basin at Mount Carbon and Pottsville, 

and the other the basin at Port Carbon. A 

railroad follows the main stream from the latter place 

to its source—another on M:ll creek, which extends 

about four miles, and. a third on the two branches o[ 

the Norwegian. The latter is known as the Mount 

Carbon railroad. Oh the West, and West-West, 

Mlaz-j. I's Vvi2. afl'a. for 183i..

•272 lilSTUl'V OF SCHUYLKILL COUNTY. 

Branch, a fiji.rih jailroad penetrates the liiocd ^ •, 

mountaiii. 

Tliere are several towns and villages in this township, 

noticivl below. 

PoTTSviLi.K AND ViciNiTY. Before 1790, there 

nvere,coiriiuualively si)eaking, lew settlers north oflhe 

Blue, or lîttatiuny monnlain, within the limils of 

Schuylkill cnutniy, except in the valley south of the 

Second fiiuu'.mnn. About the year 1795, or '9G, IWo 

individuals, Lewis Reese and Isaac Thomas, yeUled 

DU the north of tije well known ^^ Schneid Berg,'^ i. e. 

Sharp mouniaui, in the Schuylkill Gap. Ilavii;^ 

purchased a tract of land, and erected a small furnace; 

carrying it on for some time^ they sold it in lb06; to 

Jokn Polt, of District township, Berks count}/ 

I. present, 

: 

Mr. Pott tore down the furnace, and erected in it2 

stead, rireenwood forge, the remains of which :i re siill 

visible. In 1 807, ho built Greenwood furnace, whicii 

was successfuliy in operation till 1827, the liiiie of J 

•John Pott's death; then it passod into the ha..ds of 

j 

Benjamin Potf, sou of the ileceased,and since th rough i 

several hands. That furnace is, however, no more, 'i 

The Greenwood liasin occupies the site &( tlie old » 

furance. W^hcii Reese and Thomas erected the fur \ 

••John I'oii's I'aihcr, Wilhelm Pott, tame to America, ii 1731. | 

"We find Ills 

cords 

luirr.e, among others, noticed in the lollo'\'ii.g re- 

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I 

Ai the court hjuse of Philadelphia, September 12th, 1731, i 

the Honoiubie ihe Lieuitnant Governor, the Mayor of the 

city, and others of the Magistracy— eighty-nine Palatines, who, 

>Arith their families, uuiking in all two hundred and sixiy-ons 

persons, were imported here in the ship Saint Andrew, John 

f 

j 

Stedman, Master, fro'ni lloiierdam, l)ut last from Plymouth, is by ) 

clearance from thence, this day look and subscribed the etfectol i 

the government calhs, and also the declaration jirescribed by the 

' 

order of council of the "Zlst of September, 1727. 1 

On his arrival, Wiihclm Pott settled first at (jermam uv;i, iliea 'j 

ill Berks ccnniy, where John Poll was born. John marrisd a } 

Miss Lcsher, cJ Oley, v/ith whom he had several sons, /iz : Jchn, ] 

benjamin, Jame^, Abiaham, William and Jacob; three Ol .vhom 

•arc sitli living: John, Benjamiu and Abraham. 

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lILSTOiiY Oi-' sriiUVLKILL COUNTV. 27:3 

ttace, tlicy, as is comniou erected a number of small 

houses lor '• liie \\:\\\i\s at work," and were occupied 

by soiae eiglu (It- rnor;) lliiiiilies ; the heads of tliesc 

vyrere Jolni l^lsc, H'.'iny JJoltoii, Daniel Focht, tlje 

vlerli; Tlionms Sv/iiy(;r, Antliony Scliott, George 

Frievie and (icorirc Ueihu;r; these all lived at the 

furnace before' M\\ Poll moved ids family liere ; he 

Lad erected all iiic-î Iciiaut houses, before 1809. 

liesides Mr. Pott, the followuii'- were among the 

first, or pioneer Miltlers— Henry McClattery, and one 

Newscliwamler sealed a short distance west of Pott's, 

at the pluct; knovvu as JNIount Carbon. Michael 

Jioechtel had settled on the iarm tiow owned by 

Cary, Lee &: Hart, ol' Philadeli)hia. About one-Iirdl 

mile fiirtlier \ve.,t, lived Jacob Yoe. At the present 

site of Minersville, livtal 'J'homas Reed and Isaac 

Reed. Three luiles north of Pott's, John Boyerhad 

-ictUed, at the well Known place called "Flowing 

Field r some lour niiles north of this lived the well 

known Nicho Allen, ai the Big Spring on the summit 

xjf the Broad mmnnain. His residence was known as 

llio *' lilack- Cd/ii/i." I'wo Hides north-e;ist of Pott's, 

lived Peter Newsehv. aiider, John Hughs, Philip Uileomp, 

Solomon Keep. Jacob Keep, Peter Keep, Geo. 

Keep, Comad Keim and John Keim. At the present 

J'ort Carbon, several lannlies had settled; these were 

Mr. Stit'/el, knov.-n m his day as " iJer Zimmeriyian,'i. 

e., the carpenter; Shadrack Lord, father of Mr. 

Lord at Baylidl. Shadrar.k had setded on Eagle hill. 

These families, with Mr. Pott, were the pioneer sellers 

of this portion of the anthracite region. 

Other tlian the nalaral increase of the population 

was slow— litil.' (U- no accession prior to ISlOor 1811. 

I U was some ciLdu or ten years after the discovery ol 

\ -cnal, before th's ])lac'; attracted much attention. Tlie 

*> first coal discvirr-d hen!, was, according to the state 

ment of Abiahan. P.>it,ôn of John, hi 1807,* whei. 

•Ol) ox:uninir,p a opy of .Sl-uH's Map of the Province .i 

J'coi ' Ivauia, imbhshoa jn 17 TO, I see 'Uualmurk" norlhof ih: 

K

.274 nisroKY ;ik Schuylkill countt. P 

Uie tbuudatiou iur Ureeiiwood furnaco- was diii^, in 

digging w'liicb, a viuii af coal was found; and in digging 

the foundation ef Pott's- grist mill, in ISl-Oyia 

vein of nine feet tliick was struck, and now successfully 

worked by Mr. Joseph Ikddle ; but its use and 

value was not tiien. known and Inlly a]iprecialecl 

After the indeiatigablo efforts of Doctor JNlcFarland, 

.'i scienlilic gentleman, to bring the coal here into 

notice, wiio had opened a vein on the '• York Farm," p 

in 1811. ten miles west of Greenwood furnace, anJ 

the laying out of Pottsviile, by John Pott, in 181C, 

this place increasL.d rai»idly, and soon a consiiluraOiG T. 

town grew up in the forest. The ground or town 1 

plot was surveyedand laid'otf for the pioprielor; by 

llenry DonncU, wha^was also among the first tc cveci 

a house. William Caslcy, Joseph Leckey and (lc( . 

Dengler also, e.ich of thorn, put up dwellings here, 

shortly after Pottsviile was laid out. 

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About this time, or shortly aiterv/.ards, in lbl8, 

Mr. Jacob Reed opened a vein of coals at JMiners^ 

ville. From this time onward speculators, and a 

.- conscquuul tid o\ inunigpation, tended to this region 

of country. Pottsviile formed the nucleus of a dense 

settlement— "an oppidan settlement," {oi it is surrounded 

by tovrns, hamlets .ajid villages. 

John Pott, son of John Patt, deceased, erected a 

distillery about the year 1819. Lewis Eberi bniit a 

house the same year. Prom 1820 to 1834^ a number 

of persons settled here ; among others of enter- 

prize, was Col. Geoige Shoic'maker^ who had,a.s e;;riy 

as 1813, openeil the Spohn vein- of coal, began to 

build in Pottsviile. Vwm 18,24, the growth :^t die 

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i 

town was.rapid.and tlie improvemquts in the vicii.ity 

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correspondent v/ith die town—both unjirecedei'ted in 

| 

the history of tii'; country; for, in lg2|J, the house. J 

'I'u-icaroir. maiir.tain, im north-east of. Reed's, npt m..i:y inilei 

from the Wcluiyhrill Gup, within the then limits or li >unds ci 

RerUs couf.iy. See also the First Annual Report of Ihc C\al 

Mittini, A'iwruttion of Kfchuyikill County, in subsequ'MJl /'agt, 

Oliap. Hi. 

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HISTOnY or hVAlUYIKlLh COUNTY. 275 

since known as ihc irhite Horse tavern, was kept by 

Mr. Jului Pott, the proprielor, and who owned land 

iii the vicinily, us a sort of watering place for the 

stages on the Suubury road. In 1824, we hear of 

five scattered d\'/elH>igs in the vichiity. Tlie causes 

which led to the inllux of miners and speculators 

about the year 1S25, liave been stated above—the 

town was soon laid out—or rather several towns 

were started—for each prominent adventurer had his 

favorit\j location, and as each successive arrival of 

greedy adventurers tended to fan the llame of speculation, 

town lots and coal tracts (some with coal, and, 

many whose coal a^îs but imaginary,) doubled, 

trihled and quadrupled in value, and passed Irom 

hand to hand like currency. Houses were rapidly 

constructoil to accommodate the inmiense crowds that 

came to search for lots and lands, and in 1828, we 

hear of several excellent stone houses and stores, 

others of brick and frame, a weekly newspaper— TAe 

Miners' Jtnirnal—d. rending room, hotels,6ic. Messrs. 

John and Hetijamin roil had, as said above, erected 

Greenwood furnace and lV,ige,and were making non 

from 01^3 obtained bebw the Blue mountam. The 

next year, Clinton Row, ox Mahantango street, and 

another row of houses, were erected; and such was- 

the activity in buildin;!, that it became necessary to. 

send to Philadelphia foi- lumber, to use in a region that 

hitherto had exported little else than lumber and coal. 

A daily stage to Philadelphia was also established m 

tliatyear, and a trip of fourteen hours was cracked 

up as something remurkable. A dozen little towns 

had already risen around I'ottsville; Railroads also 

be^n\n to be introduced, imparting a new hnpctus to 

the°coal trade. The Scluvyikill valley, the Mill creek, 

and the Mount Carbon nuhoads were started m tliat 

year. 

The following extracts fioini the Miners' Journal 

for 1829, will atlbrd an idoa of the rapid rise of coal 

>'Five years apo the Pl'acock trade of coar. 

knl ;

276 JIISIORV OF SCHUYLKILL COUNTY, 

land, belonging to the New York and Schuylkill (.ci-.i 

Company, wos purchased by them for the sum of 

$9,000. Last v/cek it was sold, and bought hi by 

the original seller, for the sum of $42,000 The 

present owner, we understand, would not di.s[!Ose o.( 

it for $70,000." 

The folio v/ing shows the condition of Pottsville. ii: 

1830: 

"We are," says the editor of the Miners^ Jouriml, 

"sadly in want of mechanics here. A lialf i dozen 

good master blacksmiths, with three or more joarneymen 

each, would fmd plenty of business. TliC horse 

shoeing custom is immense. A regiment of carpen- 

ters, bricklayers, find stone masons, witli a strong detachment 

of sobei laborers, would find emphiyrnoni. 

House painlurs, who mulcrstand mixing piiims a)ui 

using them without daubing the lloors, are very rare 

among us. Our town supports two paper h;i!igeiE> 

handsomely j thirty-one cents a piece for li.iriging \ 

paper is too much—a little competition will regulate ] 

this branch. A wheelwright, a cabinet-maker, ;uul a 5 

pump-borer, might crowd m amongst us to adv:.iuage 

| 

A good barbur shop, we have not got. Our barbero | 

are all stationed m the bar rooms of the tav*;ri:s, (or I 

want of room elsewhere ; the accommodations arc 

| 

consequently very inferior. Our borough would sup- J 

port a tobacco spinner, and a good cigar mak>;r. We \ 

see no reason wliy a pottery would not succeed: the 

\ 

raw material is abundant in the neighborhood. A | 

few tanners in the suburbs would find plenty of hides, J 

which, for want of sale, are hung up under our noses, 

this hot weather, spreading pestilence around, and degtroying 

the comfort of all the lamilies wilhm reach 

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of their ellluvia. VVe are glad to hear that a fuic was ; 

intlicted laiely or. :

m§i'^ 

insrOHY OF iCrrUYLKILL COUNTF. 

.. *' We really wani a 

niiil crackers, and liali" 

good clean bakery of bread 

a dozen of huckster's shops. 

We have no ice houses, and no milkman yet ; both 

are. very much wanted. About a thimble full of 

milk lor a cent may be had some times, alter a real 

hunt through the iaiies and alleys—nor can it always 

be called water poof. And if we may judge from 

the quantity u\' ruiu consumed, we may venture to 

hold out tlattuniiii hopes to a distiller. He can lay 

up a goo(i stQie ol 2';t:.',in in winter, for nmch of wliicii 

lie uiiglil barter his Tupiors; lie cannot lulten too 

many swine on the \uwA lur this market. A rope 

.walk ought to succeed. An eating house on the 

plan of the New York Fnltou Market shops, would 

be exactly adapted to tlii.-' place Our hotels charge 

thirty-seven and a half to Jifiy cents a meal, and sleep 

often on tlie lloor—a uenleei oyster liouse would liit 

it exactly. A large hat store, with a manufactory of 

the article attached, is uiiich wanted; youcaimot buy 

a hat now without going to a grocery or liquor store 

forit. A tasty fruit, confectionery and mineral wawnter 

estabhshnn-nl, A>onKl he well patronized. Ah.r .-. 

dry good and grocery stores are wanted. It is high 

time that the union oi all kinds of goods and wares, 

wet, dry, soft, hard, and grocery, in one room, was 

abolished. A smig grocery and liquor store has 

hitely been opeiicd here, which is doing an elegant 

business. A dry good store is found to answer very 

well. Two hardware stores are doing very well. A 

new apothecary store, and one established last fall, 

(1629) are liourishing. Goods of all kinds sell enormously 

high, for wan! of competition. Owing to the 

scarcity of liouses, the business is in the hands of a 

favored few. We see no reason why a snug fancy 

store would ttot do Imsirxess. ]hit we are certain 

Uiere would be no mistake in a good millinery, mantua-making 

and sewing establishment. A lady can 

get nothiiig in the line of the former two, under a lon^^; 

notice, and tlie young nien don't know wliere to gel 

th Ltnien made up, A good saddlery would de„

278 KIGTOaif 0? SCHUYLKILL COUNTY. 

A bath house, \w 11 kept, with apartments fi-r both 

sexes, would not fail to receive extensive palroria|e 

in our alternately dusty and muddy borough. A hou 

twenty women, who Avould hire out to wash clother., 

scrub houses, &e., might earn their fifty cents a day, 

and find ample employment. A hundred goi-d servant 

girls, wlio kno'W how to stay at a good place 

when procured, would make their dollar a weik. 

We need hardly say tliat more boarding houses 

are wanted, especially for 'the middling clusses oi 

persons. There ave at preseavt three large buildi))gs 

in progress fov iho accojumodation of the lii I class^ 

which, when fnushed, will help to thin the lloor^ of oui' 

hotels, which are frequently covered at night with persons 

who caimot lind beds. Competition in iLivernkeeping 

would be as salutaiy as it wo-uld be novel i*! 

this town. 

"Having given a hasty hit of our wants, i' just 

occurs to us, that were these persons lo couio hore 

en masM', they would be in a great i>redicaiiiuiit for 

houses, v.'hertiu to put their families, and ])ursue theii 

dilfereiU avocalioui,. Those who are here qan liurdiy 

live for want of room. For our part, being m the 

building line, we are daily, uideed almost hourly. 

beset with applications for houses to rent. No cajji- 

talists could hit upon a better investment ilitai in 

building blocks. of snug substantial iiouses for irad';Smen 

and mechanics. They would not pay less tlioii 

twelve per cent. ])ijr xamum—the present scarcity has 

raised rents liH .en to twenty per cent. 

"It would,'' coiaimies the editor, "be a great blessing 

if about iiUy industrious lairmersfrom the lower 

counties, (who at the end •of a hardy year's hiboi 

cannot layby -i.^ i»ence,) wowld come up lu-^; and 

purchase some id' the ancultivated land al. ng tlie 

Mahoiioy river, t(.jj or lifteen miles from Pottsvilk\ 

where the bottorn land is rich loam, atid t^w ridire 

strong red sjiale, ai.d susceptible of the highest state 

of cultivation. The brightest success avouM '•inile

. he 

HISTOnr OF KCiTUYLKILL COUNTY. 278 

Upon their enterpiize. Many a fortune is waiting to 

be ploimlied np 'oy sonic fiivored farmer in the few 

'fertile valleys u'ithi!i inarkcling distance from .this 

town. 

'

280 HISTORY OF SCHOVLKILL COnNTT. '^ 

sixly-twc of bi iek, uiul sixty-eight of stone ; 

tui^cfhcr 

with an Epîscopal ehurch, a meeting house, and a g 

{i 

beautiful structure for the Miners' IJank, of wliich f 

the front .s of cnst iron; and the conimodious lioiels 

of Mr. Soitzincer and Colonel Shoernaicer. There 

were also scvenly stores, richly slocked, among wliich 

were those of tsvo booksellers and stationers, and of 

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tailors, inilUners, and dress-makers. And they boasted 

too, of a circulating library, and Exchange lêading 

Rooms; two riews[)ai)ers, and a semin;try. 

For any one fiom Cape Cod to New Orlem;... iv 

say that he had not heard of the renowned liwn of \ 

Pottsville,woula sound as marvellous as if an Aiapi;in 

were to declare that he had never heard of Mali,;met, 

or Mecca, of iCaob,., or of the Holy Well. Tlwre i* 

scai-cely a valley, hnwever remote or cut otf from the 

rest of the world, iVom J

\ P* 

lirSTCKY OF SCHHiri.KILL COUNTY. 281 

ing population liovcvi!)g on its skirts. Muny of llie 

latter cohabit together in s/uni/eci- or tents made of 

hemlock, and covered with l)raiiches. Tliey are all 

engaged in llu; land;d)le business of "penetrating tlic 

bowels of the eaLtli."' JJiit mark, gentle reader, and 

inwardly digest, when you hear that from this port, 

which IS more than u liinidred miles above tide water, 

there is a fleet of upwards of four hundred vessels 

a fleet more I'oriniilable than that which bore the 

Greeks to liieTjojini war, and composed of vessels, 

I tlie smallest of avIiu'Ii is ;dmost as large as that in 

I 

L 

which ('ohnubus ventui.Hl lo cross an unknown ocean. 

111 the first week of October last, seventy-eight ves- 

I sels cleared from Potisville, carrying to the sea-board 

the rich minerai treasiiros of this district, and during 

the same period, twt;i]ly-t wo arrived from Philadel- 

I' 

phia, laden with the luxuries uf every clime. 

The situation of tin; town is remarkable, being embosomed 

in lot\y hills. Sharp mountain in front 

(south) of it, presents a surly and almost savage 

aspect, heighten(!d b\ the almost black, dismal caverns 

excavated iVom its side, and looking like entrances 

to the abode of Pluto ; and the Norwegian, covered 

with coal dust and si iiggislily moving on, is no bad 

type of Styx. 'J'he feeling produced on visiting Pottsville, 

is, that it is no place for trifling, for every one 

wears a look of impurtancc, and is plainly intent on 

playing his cards, so as not to lose a trick. A strong 

inclination is fell by the s})ectalor to join hi. and tako 

a hand. The interest of the game has overcome the 

scruples of many devout })eople ; tor you may see 

the grave Quaker, the ejaculating ]\k:thodist, and the 

sober Presbyterian, sitting at the same table, and using 

all their ingenni:y to l^;1 the odd trick; but what is 

uiost sur])risiiig, is thai il',';y all a])pear to get good 

cards, and an; pi'iludly sitislied with the result ol 

the game. 

It is curious uj obs;uvt the motly mixture of pec 

pic of all cUmes and omplexioiij that have come to 

—

283 ifiîTOR'F CiP SCHUfLKILL COUNft. 

worship here. Then you may see the pale citizen. 

who has been engaged all his life in measuring goods 

behind the counter, and wlio has never before been 

out of liie sight of the sinoke of his own cliiiiiuey, 

until lie was tempted to go in quest of the golden 

fleece in the form of coal, in consultation deep with 

a hardy, Morid countenance, and you may percuive 

from their eager looks and animated gestures, Ihat a 

spec of some nutgnitiide is afloat. 

Then agani may 'be .seen tlie German, whose 

ancestors came (o kindly Pennsylvania neaily tv/o 

centuries ago, a ])uriod, as historians tell us, iiiore 

than sulTicieni lo blend two hostile races; and liere he 

is, the same iii dress, language, manners and hoary 

prejudice, as \v'lu'n the first of his name left Uottcrdam. 

There Ik; stands, with the title deed of his farm 

in his hand, and i.nrounded "by a half a duzL'ii of 

gharp looking iellows, who are trying by words and 

signs to close a bargain with him—but he is keeping i 

them at bay, \x^ a good stout bull-dog Avould a i.iarr-el 

of curs, though lie seenrs at the same time to be aiV:.i I 

of being hit. 

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No town of its size is so well stjpplied with every 

esseinial ut' I n\nny and 'convenience. Of attorneys, 

there are plenty, of the first repute, and with enongh 

of activiiy lo preveiu the ])eoj)le from stagrjating for 

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want of excitement. And there are agents, who v.'ill I 

gladly execute any commission, from one to ten thon- II 

sand dollars. Fancy stores, well mipplied with rib- ! 

bands and artifimal ilowers. A'perftnner advertises all 

sorts of eosmeii:s, :nul a Yanlcee scliool master for 

scholars. Dociors are tliere too, fresh from college, 

and shilling willi the rellected science of Physio and 

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ChopniLii There i: a ball-room, a church, and sev- 3 

eral excellent hot.ds and boarding houses, a)id the \ 

newspaper is one of the best conducted journals in \ 

the couiitry. Two daily lines of stages rnn fjoni 

\ 

Piiiladeiplna—Recside against Coleman—and \hey 

rs'crit a oulogiimi for the vigor with which thev :'rack

HISTORY O? SCUuyi.KILL COUNTY. 285 

their whips, the malchloss fury of their driving, and 

for their cxqui^îl'^ skill in upsetting. PottsviUe has 

every requisite for becoming a great city—an nninterrupted 

navigation l)y the canal to Philadelphia 

coal eaoim-h to supply the world for thousands ol 

years- and if the resources of the country should be 

developed with th^. rsamc untiring activity by the next, 

as it has been by the present generation Pottsvilie, 

bold as the assertion may seem, will rival the larg« 

cities of the sca-boaid in i.opulation and wealth. 

A writer in the Polhvllle Advocate,'early in 1831, 

•Ihiis speaks of ibo l'la';(^: 

"The town of Pollsville, by the late census, contains 

upwards of 2,500 inbabitants. The fluctuating 

population havhig withdrawn, there may be u tnting 

decrease; for, at the tunc when the census was taken, 

we were thront-ed wiih strangers, drawn to the i)lacfe 

by the ill-advised and premature uproar so loolishly 

raised about it. That, however, fortuiiatc y, did no 

essential harm, and is an earnest that, lor the iuture, 

it is not even in the power of our friends to injure us. 

We have now seventy stores, of various kinds, rieil>' 

stocked, many of llu-ni rivalling those ot Philadeli-hia 

in appearance. 

" Since last spring, about fifty new brick biuk ings 

have been erected hi ihc town, more than halt ol 

which are large three .story houses. Among these am 

the uniform stores er.-cted by James Appleton, at the 

upper part of Centre stieet. Jacob Alter has also 

erected three handsome stores, in the neighborhoo

284 uisTonr of Schuylkill county". 

growtli, In iho Inwer part of the town, we have ' 

Thomus Uidgtiv/ay's, and several others, conipiising 

part of whal'is iisnaUy caUed Morrisville, wliich, with | 

Mount Ciirhon. forms a strikhig entrance to the town 

from the south. i 

"Wo iiui-M not omit to mention M. B. Ikiekley's 

beautiful ruKlirJoii to Pottsville, distinguished by tlie 

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name of tlr-M.nwoo.l, occupying a ])oint remarkiihlo for 

its beauly.aufl the i-uried scenery whicli itcornrnands. 

Among the iuiprovements, we remark a large sioub 

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liotel, and a row u[ handsome stone liouses. In the f 

rear, on tlic river r(/ad to Port Carbon, there is a large 

brewery, m full operation, established by A. Y. Moore, 

enabling us to bo-.st of beer fully ctpial to that o! 

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Plhladelpiiia. I 

'•Adjoining Morrisville, as we remarked above, i 

stands i\loum Cabon, which, under the fostermg caro 1 

of John Whih.', now fully equals any part of the ] 

town in appearance. During the past season, inany i 

valuable addili'Mis have been completed ; partlLularly 

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a hotel, which would do credit to a city, and a row 

j 

cH' stores, 'fb., Norwegian railroad terminates j.ere. 

" Mount Carbon com[)rises the southern extremity 

of Pottsville. It stands on the Schuylkill, at the foot 

of the Sharp moimtain, lying in tlie valley be;\\ een 

tliat antl SuconJ mountain. Its situation isroniuMtic ; 

the abruju hills, risiiig almost perjieiulicularly around, 

are strikingly grand ; while the Schuylkill, winding 

through the g')rges of the mountain, complcicf a 

scene of ]ncturt sipie beauty unsiu'passed by the points 

in whose priiise our northern tourists are so fUieni. 

Sharp mountain itself is a remarkable natural curi- 

osity, resend/ling a rampart-boundary to the coal 

region on ilio iouih, 

'• 'J'hi; origiiiai Iavu of Mount Carbon receitv:Q 

considerable additions during the last year. S , 

the closing of navigation, the lock at the mouti o. . 

Ciinal has been reneweil, under the superintt i.i, 

of Mr. Mdks, tlic agent for the canal company. 

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mSTOKY OF SCHUYLKILL COUNTY. 283 

the pool abo;x', are tlic docks of Messrs. Elmaker^ 

Audenreiil, ami White & Coombe, who have two 

docks at the rîar of their store houses, eacli twentyeight 

feet wide, and in Lnglh one is one hundred, and 

the otlier one liun(hed and fifty feet. Beyond arc 

Mr. Eldridge's landings, adjoining the range now constructing 

for Messrs. Thouron and Macgregor. On 

the opposite side, he the boat yards of Mr. Shelly, and 

the extensive landings of the North American Company. 

Again on the left are Mr. S. J. I'olt's wharves; 

those of iMessrs. Morris ; and Mr. C. Storer's boat 

yard, on wliicti we perceive he is erecthig a screw 

dock. The Jatier lie at the foot of Morrisville. 

"The pool beluw^ the bridge alFords wharves to the 

store iiouses of Messrs. Moore & Graham, Nathans, 

Thurston, and others. Several new landings are hero 

constructing, the margin of the river jnx'senting every 

facility for works of this nature. I'he principal buildings 

lately erected are a range of stone stores and 

dwelling houses, the hotel on Centre street; on 

Market strtnt, six lum; and twelve frame bihldings. 

Tlie houd i.s ii l)(.;iuliful edilice of stone, forty-tivc 

feet wide by eighty-two, exclusive of the piazza, 

which presents a promenade to each story, embracing 

a view of the mountainous scenery around. These 

improvements are owing to the enterprizing spirit of 

Messrs. While and Coombe. 

"The Mount Carbon railroad, projected as an onl^ 

let for the rich cnal formations of the Norwegian 

CTeek valleys, was commenced in Oct. lSii9, under 

the superintendence of William R. Hopkins, clnefengineer, 

and .lohn White, president. At the termination 

the. road is elevated ujjon 31 piers of niasomy, 

erected upoti the lariduigs; thence it passes through 

tl » gap of Sliar]) moimtain, across the landings l>e- 

6 .4 menlicned, follov.'ing the valley of the Scb/uyl- 

. i/> 

to Morrisville, Af this point we have, on tlie, 

( /afi; Messrs. i\Iorris' mines, and on the apposite side 

t 

I the 

river, en the l.ippincott and Richards ^ract,

28

% 

•fJISTOUY OF SCHUYLKILL COUNTIT^ 2?-7 

tance from PottsviUe for an excursion. Below Oak 

hill are the Green park and Clinton tracts; the former 

belonging to. John White, and the latter to Mrs. 

Spohn. At Green jiark there is one opening under 

the superintendence ol Mr. James ])ill. Adjoining 

this is the IJelniont estate—also John White's. Next 

the Thouron tract, a portion of which has been purchased 

by lien]. Poit^ tht; Spohn vein passing through 

it, Contiguous are-.the Spohn, Lewis, and Duncan 

estates. The railroad huro i)asses li. Pott's saw-rnill, 

and extends in a })erfeclly straight line, a mile in 

length; nearly to. (lie juncwua witli the main road." 

Since the above extract was published, now fifteen 

years, many inijjortant changes have taken place. 

Old mines havebeenexhausted orabandoned,and new 

ones bjjened ; a great number of new railroads have 

been constructed ; several mines liave been explored, 

and pofitably worked, below the water level. Tliv 

geology of the region has been fully explored Fotts- 

; 

ville, Reading, and ]^liiladel])liia railroad has been 

opened, in \til2, alfurding tiaily connnunication m 

seven hours to Philad(;lphia, and promising to etl'eet a 

complete revolution in IIk; transportation of coal ; tht 

speculations of 18136, imve expanded and exploded. 

PottsviUe has iticreased its population from 2,424, in 

1830, and 3,117 in 1835, to 4,3^5, in 1840; and is 

now a compact, bustling place. Its trade, no longer 

driven back and forth by the tide of speculation, has 

settled, or is settling, into a steady channel, well understood, 

and' well managed by capitahsts, merchants 

and miners. The town t\ow contains a handsome Episcopal 

church, a)id a sj)Iendidaiuw Catholic cathedral, 

both in the Gothic sLyle ; a German Catholic church, 

and neat edifices, for th

288 HISTORY Oif SCHUYLKILL COUNTY. f | 

Pennsylvania Hall, and several other spacious hoivjl:^; I*! 

a fnrnace, at vvludi ii'on has heea siiccessrully njado * 

f, 

^ 

with anthracite coal ; a Ibrge and rolling mill; several 

large I'oundrics, steam engine I'actories and maciiiuo 

shops, &c. The Greenwood I'urnace lately repaired, ., 

' 

and under the superintendcmce of i)r. Palmer, & Co,, 

is now in succ'/ssful operation. 

1 

|-^ 

Messrs. Haywood ^ Snyder's foundry, macliino 

thoj), &c., was crocti d in 18.'3-l— is avery exteo-jivc 

establisliiheui. The Pottsville Iron foimdry ;md '':^^ 

machine sho}), owiui.l and carried on jjy \\. W. ^l\ 

McCinni., '•m]>'oy ; constantly from fifty to .-:xty 

hands. Fairell's foundery, was started a few ye: as 

ago— gives cmploym. lit to some six or eight handi 

|| 

|| 

J| 

The.se .se\,'eial .U.und lics manufacture annually an);;ics 'h 

to the amount of $1 10,000. ^ 

Clemen's steran mill has heen in operation -.nice a 

183G. 'J'hcre is in extensive hoard yard here, several -f:}, 

breweries, and ^(.ures of stores, groceries, shops, iLc.. 

\^ 

There are foin weiddy newspapers published, aiul 

ably conducted, \ iz : 

" 

'l"he Miners' Journal," euiicd 

by lienjamin J{;innan, Isscp ; " Tlie l^jttsville Emponum," 

hy E. 0. Jackson, Esq.; "The Anthracite 

Gazette," hy Messrs. Wynkoop & Kershner, Esijrs. 

Olid one, a German pajier, "/)/e FreULcist Prc.^yc.'''' 

The Danville and Pottsville railroad, designed to 

connect the Schuylkill Navigation, at Pottsville, witii 

the Susquehanna at Danville and Snnhury, was projected 

hi 1S2G, and was completed in 1831 us far as 

Girardville, a small handet of three or four houses, 

ten miles north of Potisville, Sixteen miles are also ¥ 

completed on tlie Si nbury end. The death of ifs ffl 

diief patrons, tin; lite Stephen Girard, and Cxvu. \ 

Daniel Moiitgom(n'y,of Danville, with whom tht- jnu- I 

ject originated, lias ri;tarded the progress of the v.cik. ; 

On the ten miles near I'uttsville, a tunnel of 1\A) km j 

long, and fîir inclira-d planes, have heen conslriiCkd ^ 

;.( ail enormous exjieiise; hut the tunnel ii,5t'j feet % 

; 

1 

p 

'I" 

%

HISrOtiV OP SCHUYLKILL COUNTY. 2S^ 

long, into the Giiard co;il mines, on Mahonoy, is but 

'partially completed. Until this is done, this part oi 

the road cannot be prutitably used, and the superstructure 

is now rotting- in the sun. 

t 

, As the mines' in IVa'orable situations, above water 

ievel, become exhausted, it is necessary either to seek 

new ones at a greater distance, and an increased cost 

of transportation, or to dive dee])erinto the bowels ot 

the earth. The hAuM course has been adopted in 

several valuable jnines, about Pottsville, by Mr. 

Charles Lawioiij iMessrs. Pott and Bamian, Mr. 

Charles EUet, the Di.'laware Coal Company, Mihie 

and. Haywood, and Mr. lieorge II. Pott, and others. 

Mr. Liawton is mi(li in the region, and will well 

repay the troulde, and we might add the fotigues, of 

a visit. ,The colliery is better known as the Guinea 

hill, or Black mine, and is one of the deepest in our 

V:oal basin. • Th>; depth of the slope is 400 feet, which, 

at the inclination of jbrty degrees, would give a perpendicular 

depili oi^252 feet into the very bowels of the 

earth. The pitch of the vein, as soon as it loses the 

intluence of the hill, is very regular, and the coal becomes 

of a purer and better quality, and is found in 

greater masses between the, slates. The colliery is 

worked with two steam engines—one of fitty horse 

'power, and the odici' of twenty. The former is used 

-in pumping the water uhicli accumulates in the 

mines, anil the iiuiei' in hoisting the coal in cars to tla^ 

mouth of die slope. The pump used in the colliery 

is of cast lion, twelve mclKsni diameter, and exteims 

the ouiiiL dcjvili of die slopu—400 feet. Tlie colum.j 

S

290 HISrOHY OF SCHUTLKILL COUNTY. 

ot" water broiitAlii up by tlic engine, at eacli lii. ci' .i.,; 

pump, is (anal in .veight to about eight ton..-! and i 

half. 

'At iliiniepili of 200 feet of this slope, a tumuli has 

been driven ninety yards soiitii to the Tutuiel vtiti. and 

70 yards novtti tu the Lawton vein—both iniough 

solid roclc 5 which (Miables the proprietors to work lliree : 

veinSjWidi thii present engines and fixtures. /",s the 

visitor k'iivcs ihe r-lope, and finds hiniself, lantern in 

lu'ud, groping Ins way through the gangway mlo tire 

ho.arl of tiie niiiiojie is half bewildered and f-uutled, 

as the almost iudir^tinct masses of coal, slate, dirt, &c,. 

fashion themselves into something Ijordering npon a 

dark, (hisky^ and e/en forbidding outline, it seems 

as if you h;id fallen upon a subterranean city, lutried 

by some great convulsion of nature ; and the illusion 

is still furthtr heightened by observing workmen 

busily engaged, aj'i)arently in excavating the rains. 

Or, if you arc Inghly imaginativt?, and have read the 

Odyssey, you might readily fancy the feelii'gb of 

Ulysses, ihal •gidl-like and much-onduring man," 

| 

when liu paiJ a \ isit to the infernal shades, fer tbo 

| 

purposii of a s./ur laming (he shortest and mo$i direct, | 

cut to his beloved Ithaca. Homer, ho\vevcr, does- I 

apt inform us whether or not the shades carried lamps I 

in their caps. wilh!u;t which the pick would le of lit- 

tie use to our miners." 1 

On several occasions. Pottsville sustained injury 

from freshets—in October, 1831, and January, 1841. I 

The following tVom the JVliner's Journal gives an account 

of these I'reshets : 

•'Since die recollection of our oldest inhabitants, fhis 

portion gf die country has not been visited by so con- 

siderable a freshet as wa.s witnessed in the early ].ian 

of the weeii:. It is not less remarkable that the loss 

of property sustained by this accumulation of waiers, 

has proved, so far as is ascertained, entirely dispro- 

norl)CQ(;d to thegenciral a[)prehension— -aiiotf.e..; prooi' 

j 

|

HISTORY or tCauyLKILL COUNTY,. 2i»l 

of the pervading strcnyih and solidity of the results of 

ontciprize. I'hj rain luis fallen copiously during 

^veral nights preceding Tuesday, on which day ii 

subsided, exluLiting in its eiiects in the accniiuilated 

tprrents which rolled down the declivities of our 

mountains. Many of the low grounds were involved 

ill inundLUion. 

"The Scluiylkili ro,':e to an unusual height. A portioti 

of tlie main Itigli v/ay, near Maj. Kcpner^s, was 

overilowa ; travelling in carriages was checked, and 

the laaii from that point, was carried to our borough 

on horse-back. Tlic Sciiuylkill navigation dam, in 

'this vicinity, reeeiveiJ some damage, which Avas 

speedily repaired. Several coal wharves at Port 

Carbon were somewiiat injured, by the removal of a 

part of the strnctnro supporting them. Several boats 

were swept away. Mr. Craiolei/, ihe owner, widi 

didiculty preserved Ins dwelling house, by erecting in 

Î'ront a strong stone liarrier four feet in height, from 

the devouring Hood. Jlis barn,.however, was carried 

away. 

'' 'I'he destruction of j)roporty has (January, 18-11,) 

been considerable, by iilliugup the cellars, &c., in this 

borough, wliich in soiue instances was so, sudden that 

the merchants had no tnnu to remove their goods. 

Our friends in Coal street had tlieir conununicalioii 

wUh the rest of the town, completely cut off, by the 

water in the Norwegian, which completely inundated 

all tliQ houses bordermg on the stream. Part of the 

end)ankmentof the Cireenwood canal has been swepr 

away, below the aqueduct—and the houses on tlie 

Island were ail completely surrounded with water. 

'I'he families froni some were carried out wiien the 

water was middle deep. Tlie water completely surrounded 

Clemen's 2c Parvin's steam mill, and the 

wharves below the mill were washed into the basii!, 

" Aboiit fifty yards of the embankment of the Navi 

gatiou Compnny's' canahhas been swept away, oppj 

/ Tunibling rua dam, and about one huuiU'ed fv;CJ

29J lIlsTOKy JF SCHUYLKILL COUNTY. 

of the tiiihaiikn.icui opposite C. Lawton's wharl', carrying 

away his sclmtes and the old lioat house, and 

the old hiidge connecting the new turnpike with 

Mount Carbon, was also carried oft'. The towpath 

bridge opposite Lewisport is earned away—and :; 

breach lias been made in the canal at ^Vdani's locks. 

Djibelli's dcini is also injured. 

''Tho Schuylkill bridge below this borough, is m-> 

much injured, liiat il is considered dangerous Id pass 

over it. 

•''At the lirst dam above Audenreid's mill, the water 

broke out and com[»letely surrounded the lock-lmuse, 

carrying away the stable, undermining the ibiaidation 

ot'thc huiu-o, ajid the lock also, the walls uiboU: 

ot' which will jnouably lall down. About one liuhdred 

yards of ilie I'lubankinent of" the canal ha^ aKc 

been carried aAvay. A sick person in the look-l^'ure 

was rescued wiih great dillicully. 

" The railroads in this region are all more or k -î in 

j\ui)d by die il( ^trnrdon of bridges, undermining, o^^. 

The townof Port Carbon was com])letelyinund;u:dthe 

water reached up almost as far as the baidi, taa 

two bridges are left standing. Mr. Kinsk'y Uv.i 

lost considerably, and Mr. Pott has lost his gard>j'.;-— 

an acre ka. 

'* 

. At SchuylkUl Haven, the damage has alsg been 

very great. Several of tlie coal wharves liave bmu 

washed away, and the balance irlled up. Mr. 

Lewis Daugbcrty, we learn, lost several railroad 

wagons. The coal has also disappeared from the 

wharves. 

"The Tuni])lii\g run dam narrowly escaped irjiv. 

being cuiied avv ay. IMie water had made a pa -age 

inside ii;e wiiig wall of the water-way—fortunately, 

it was discovered m time, otherwise the dam would 

have been swept away, and Mount Carbon wonld 

have sulicred 5ever( ly.".

nisTOuy OF t.cnuYLKiLj, qounty. 203; 

. JWi Carbon, a })osr uiwn, was first laid out in 

1826, l)y Mr. Abiahaiu I'ott; he first laid oil" one 

Imndred lots, of one acic each, Ironi tlie mouth of 

Mill creek to the Salem landing. In 1828, he sold 

tiie lois and tl;irty-four acres ,of his farm, to JNlessrs. 

Seitzinger and WclhuiiM, fur forty-five dollars per 

acre, who laid oli' iliu whole into suiUible town lots; 

and as the place Vw'as creat(3d by the coal trade, it was 

called Po7^t Carbcn. 

The first \ua-cm) bhiit in Port Carboii, was erected 

by A. Poit, ill ]8^(;, -adii i;, U) use hisown language. 

•'We had a real Ing-c d)in-raising." In 1829, MV. Potl 

sold sixty-four acres to Daniel J. Khoads, for four 

tliousand dollais, \v1ili afun'wards laid out Rhoads 

town. In 1829, JNlt. Poll laid out Irishtown, and 

sold one-half of it to Purd Patterson, Esq., and Mr. 

Joseph Swift ; still owning tlie half himself. In 1829. 

William Lawt(ni laid out Lawtontown. The same 

year, A. Pott and John P, Gardener, laid out Acretown. 

Young's addiiion was made in 1828. 

From these five onuinal "starlings," viz: Port Carbon, 

Irishtown, Ji/ifj(uistow/t, Latvtontown, Acittown, 

and Young's Addition, now merged into one, 

arose a town, that numbered, at the time of taking 

the census in 1830, about one hundred dwelling 

liouses, and iiine hundred and twelve inhabitants. 

The })lace is no w known as Port Carbon. The place 

met with some reverses in 1831' and '32. " In the 

syncope," says a Aviiier of 1832, "which followed the 

extreme excitement in the coal region, many of the 

houses are at present (1832) without tenants; some 

of them unfinished, and falling to decay." " lint the 

site," continues tlio same writer, " has many advan < 

tages for a town, and as ilie shipping port for a larg» 

and rich coal region,, mnsl have considerable business. 

It ]ii.>! at llie cionilnence of Mill creek wid. 

tile Schuylldll river, uiid upon the head of the na\'igation 

oi' the ialiL-r. The pool here gives great facili- 

ty' fjr lading places, wluch are connected with i'ui.

294 HISTORY OF SCHDYLKILL COUNTY. 

coal mines ou both sides of the river, by railways, 

—the chief of wliicli is the MiU creeic road, and the 

Schuylkill valley road. The former extends up Mill 

creek. It has connected with several lateral roaclr,."' 

m 

^^ 

'|l 

The Schuylkill railroad connects with Port Carhoft 

|| 

and Tusccjora. il 

Port Carbon is a place of considerable importance 

It stands rauivalied as a place for shipphig coal. A 

number of railroads center or terminate here, Irom 

numerous coal mines. The Schuylkill valley railload, 

the Mill civm'I: railroad, the Port Carbon and 

Mount Carbon roads, (the latter connecting with the 

Reading railroad,) all centre here. JNlure coal n 

sliipped luat; thuu at Potlsville. 

^ 

'H 

.]| 

}.i 

|J 

h 

% 

Port Carbon c:unbi-,ls of rising one himdred dv/dl- 

jngs; many of iliLin make a line appearance; six 

| 

taverns, tbntcen dry goods, grocery and feed stores;, *» 

a steam-nnll, owned by L. F. Whitney, Esq. ; iron i 

foundry and macliine shop, by T. II. \Vintersteii.: a 

shovel factory, by A. 0. Ikook ; several warehon. e.s; 

two clunclu;s, f:;igli--.h Presbyterian, and Cerinan 

also, a pidjlic school house. 

Ueformed and Lutheran ; 

There are several coal mines contiguous to it ; one 

owned by Midia.el McDormut, worked by Charh^s 

Ellett, wiih a blope t>ix hundred feet deei), and vv/o 

stationary engincts ; one immediately above PortCiirbon, 

on the North American company lands, worlced 

by Mr. Chillas. This mine was set on iire bonie 

twelve -years agi >, and burned for some time •, but 

has been again le-opcned, and now successfuily 

worked under the sujierintendence of Mr. Ilodgkiss. 

It has a drift uf thiofj hundred and lit'ty yard.s in 

length. 

'• We do not know/' says the editor of the ^'Jn/ :, u 

K'.ile Gdzvtte.f' '• a n.orc busy or industrious jMijôla- 

.ion, tbati thai coiilaiued iii our sister boio\n b a!' 

' Poi'.jV'ille, iM-.iy 11, IS-ii. 

j^ 

g 

g 

| 

|

HISTCUr OF ECnUYLKILL COUNTY. 295 

Port Carbon. J3cing a dopot of considerable importance 

in tlie coal region, throughout the business sea- 

•onj it exhibits one unvaried scene of enterprize antl 

active labor. Loden cars of coal from the various 

mines, extended along eight miles of the Schuylkill 

valley railroad, arc continually pouring tlieir iiselul 

freiglit into the boats at that place. The continual 

clatter of unloading, shoveling and screening coal, 

fesoiinds from morning till night. The chink of the 

blacksmith's hammer— the lium of machinery, and 

deep-mouthed breathing rf the powerful steam engine, 

are all wonted accomp:\n;iiients to the labors of th«i 

day. Every thing denotes energy and activity, and 

lazy men are scarce connnoditics in that neighborhood. 

'I'he fav(.rablu change which will be brought 

in the increase of iii-juilation, business, and facility, 

after tlie compl«.lion of ih.; iVlount Carbon aiid Poit 

Carbon railroads, will add greatly to the already line 

prospects of the district. Port Carbon presents a fine 

site tor a large town, and we contidently anticipatt-, 

that the day is iu,l iar distant, when all the fint 

building lots, v.uh \Jiitli the valley abounds, will 

be covered by good and substantial edifices. It will 

yut become (and t/tii prediction may be recordetl 

against us) one o^ the greatest and most iinportanl 

points in the Sclhiyllall county coal region. 

"The business now done in the borough, apart 

from the coal trade, is considerable. There are already 

large stores engaged in selling merchandize, all doing 

a good business, deriving their custom, not only 

from the immediate neighborhood, but principally 

from the numerous mining villages, located at diti'erent 

points along tije ronies of the above mentiuneil 

railroads. 

"In speaking of Fct Carbon, we liave taken in 

the several additions l:newn as Jâwtontown, Irisftown, 

&c,, as diey ;ue ;dl comprised within a short 

limit, and are, in iiiet, always considered as the pla •« 

1". -h'"

296 iJiaroKV of schcylkili. countt. 

Coarjuennac, in Norwegian township, two mill.;: 

above Port Carbon, on Mill creek—is a regulaily laid 

out town, or two hundred and twenty lots, on a iract 

oT land owned hy the Ncirth American coal coni]/any. 

Little Wo]r creek passes through it. It contains one 

tavern. 

St. tV^///- is one mile above Coaquennac ; oiisisu 

of several dwellings, one tavern and a st0!(.'. i\ 

powder nnll, o\nii/d by Messrs. Frack and ScUzec. 

New Cu.\[h [>, ;. post-town, in Norwegian lov/nship, 

on llie .Siaih.jry turnpike, situated ahoat ibiii 

miles north-west of Pottsville, in a narrow volley ef 

Mine hill. It was laid out by Lewis Kllmalc;'; ami 

Others, in 1S"0. Il is a coal creation ; it contiiiii? between 

liliy and sixty dwelHngs, sonre of winch art; 

substantially built ; one tavern, three stores, and a 

public school lion:;e. The population exceeds four 

hundred. 

Coal Castle, in Norwegian township, qu tin Wtit » 

7i ranch of ihc Schaylkill river, and on the raihM.ut. i 

at the foot oi ihe Hroad mountain, is a chi.tcr ni I 

seventy small liouses, or a uiiners' hamlet, itb^nit 

\ 

three miles abi^'/e IMinersville, > 

"A little wevt of this place, at the "jug:ular veii:/' I 

in Broad mountain, a coal mine on fire in the win > 

t^3rs of 1S.'3S '3i), and has since defied all atlen:|)ts to | 

uxlingnish it. It has e/en roasted the rocky strata 

of the mountain above it, de.stroyirjg every trace of ! 

vegetation along the line of the [)reast, and causing 

| 

vast yawinng chasms, where the earth has fall'^n iti. 

from which i^..?iie hot and sulphurous tumes, as from * 

a, volcano. The luiue was ignited by a careli;^s mi- 

ner, who, (0 moderate the temperature, ])lacpd a. 

\ 

hanging grate at fhe mouth el the drift. 'J'he tirb j 

coianituiicated to tlie props, and then to the raihjad \ 

arid such a heat \\t:\^: caused, thai it nmst have Ci'acked 

olf lumps of coal lo feed the flames. It seenis scarcG 

possible that the cumpact vein itself can be on fir»i^

HISTORY Of SC'niIYLKlI.L COUNTY. 297' 

although such may be the case. Two unfortunate 

miners ])erishc(l in the mines. Tlie lessee, Lewis G. 

Douglierty, after (rying various experiments to exliiiguish 

it, abandiiiird it, with a heavy loss." * 

Mackeysvillc, t\vo miles west of Coal Castle, is a 

miners' hamlet, consisting of some tliirty small dwt;!lings. 

The mines are wuiked by Col. G, C. Wyii-. 

fu 

koop. 

•Biiy'sni:.. Col., p. OIJ.

•CKArTEU IIT. 

mSl'ORY OF COAL, &c. 

'1Iavi-n>.. giviii a brief topographical sketch ol' mo 

several towuhliips and towns in this comity, this part 

of llie \vui]{ may be a])propriately closed by giVing a 

liistory of the di.M:ov(;ry oldial, and coal o])eraiioi;3 

in this regivjn. 'J\j do this, place is given to the lirst 

and latest annual wuavl ul' the Coal Mhhng Assl cia- 

tion of Schuylkill i..t.iinly; the I'ornier )nadc by the 

board in ISD3, and die latter in 1815: 

The BcKivd (if Trade deem it proper, at this,tbr ; ii 

iiual mci'iing of the »' ('oal Mining Associatio;» ui 

Sclmylkill ('ounty," to take a review of the slate ol 

the coal trade, iVoni its commencement in this county. 

\o tlie juesent lini"; and iidve their views of (ho 

Intnre pi\'speeis cf the miner, together with mcI'. 

oomi)aris(.ns and inferences as may be thought r. ia- \ 

'vent to the suliject. 

So early as ITlHi. coal was known to abou:id i.. ^ 

tliis county; bm, it being of a dillerenl quality inac j 

ihatknowu to o'jr siniihs as bituminous coal, and be- ] 

mg hard of ig.iilion, it was deemed useless, until 

about the year 1 "; i;i5, when a blacksmith, named Whel .i 

stone, broadit ii iMo notice, by using it in his t.!'>iiii- 

ery. Ills succcs.s iiiuiiccd several to dig for cord, and i 

.vhen found, to atPi.ipt the burning of it; bui tlvj 

diiijciilty A^/as so great, that it did not succeed. 

iiboni die year 1800, a Mr. William Moiiis-,, 

who owuLd a laifre tract of land in the neielibuibo'/d 

| 

j 

'

[ 

HISTOay OF SCHUYLKILL COUNTY. 299 

of Port Carbon. procur'jJ a quantity of coal, and took 

it to Philadelphia, but he was vinable, with all his ex- 

ertions, to bring it into notice ; and abandoned all his 

plans, returned, and sold liis lands to Mr. Pott, the 

late proprietor. From that time, to about the year 

1806, no lartlier eiforts to use it were made. About 

that time, iu cutLitig the talc race for the Valley Forge 

t on the SchuylldlK tliey struck on a seam of coal, 

f whidi induced David iJerlin, a blatksmith in the 

neighborhood, to make uial of it ; bis success was 

complete, and from tliat puriod, it has been partially 

used. 

In the year 1812, our lellovv citizen, Col, George 

Shoemaker, procured ;i ((uahlity of coal, from a shaft 

Slink on a trad he IkkI recently pnrcliased on the 

Norwegian, and nov/ owned by the North American 

Coal Company, and known as the Centreville Mines. 

With this he loaded nine wagons, and proceeded to 

Philadelphia ; nmch umo was sf)ent by him in endeavoring 

to introduce it to notice, but all his elForts 

proveil unavailing. ThoM' who deigned to try it, de- 

clared Col. Shoi, nialvi t lo I.e an impijstor, for attem[iling 

to impose stone on them lor coal, and were 

clamorous against him. 

Not discouraged by the sneers and sarcasms cast 

fi upon him, he prnsisnui in the undertaking, and at last 

11 succeeded in disposing ol" two loads, for the cost ol 

|iL transportation—and the remaining seven he gave to 

1^ 

If 

persons who ])romised to :ry to use it, and lost all the 

coal and charges. 

Messrs. Mellon and Bisliop,.at thoearnest solicita- 

Fl . 

^^ lions of Col. Shoemaker, were induced to make trial 

if of it in their rolling mil! in Delaware county, and 

Jt 

m 

finding it to ans\i er fnlly the 

Colonel Shoemidvcr, noficed 

character given it by 

its usefulness in the 

tl Pliiladelpuia papers ; and trom that period, we may 

'* date ihe Iriimiph of rca^-on, aided by perse vera in l 

over prejudice. 

A' this }>eriod, ii:e mountains were butpartially e \-

300 unr onv of sohuylkilI} county; 

plored, and the scant, but hardy population of th'; 

county, depended in a great measure on liunting, i'vA 

their immediate wants, and on huriber, for supi'lyina 

tliose articles of foreign product, that were reiniiied 

fur then- cono'orls or necessities. 

The Itindicr, jirocnred during the wintei, v/as 

formed inio rafts, and sent down when spring frushets 

rendered the river navigable. By this unceriain, and 

nt all limes precarions mode of conveyance, the pro- 

duct of this county was conveyed to marku'i. until 

the cauud v,ais cr)niiilcled,in the year 18i25. 

In the year \6\4, a few of the Uiost enterprisijig ol 

the citizens projected a canal from Pliiiadelphia to 

this i)lace, undur an impression that the inmber of 

Schuylkill county, and: the grain of the counties ho;dering 

on the Snsciaehanna, would rind a V(,iu. avul 

ultimately aiford a dividend to the stockholders. 

| 

| 

I 

At that period there were a lew who loolit d for. 1 

ward to a time, when tlie coal from this county w.-nid I 

be the ]irinci|Ml article of export, and M'ould'liiji oni

klSTOKI' Of .sCViUVLKILL COUNTt. 301 

'llint it was at all tiuios

503 IIISTOUY 01' SCnDYLKILL COUNTT, 

die coal I ;iyi,iicss. frum the best information in ilieir 

posbcssiuii. 

In tlioyoLir 1813, several small openings weru ijiadc 

in difrcrcKtj.vcris oi' (Jie county, by sinking shalty: and 

the coal la!s( u out, was vended to the smiths and 

others in ihr- mighboiliood, at twenty-five cent,, ])cr 

bushel, or ilirec dollars and fifty cents per ton, in the 

pit'c>nioinli. 'I'liese shaftG.were sunk but a I'uw I'eet, 

in the crop of llie v(.:in, and the coal raised by nieans 

of the common windless and buckets, and so snoti as 

they attained a dn|.di where the water became ti'iibksome, 

(which ^ddom exceeded thirty feet,) the ^hali 

was abnndoniMl au'i another sunk, and the sanir (tro- 

cess un

aiSTORS' OP SCntJ?LKII.L COUNTY". 305 

•rtmber, exclusive of llic ifupoverishing- of his coal 

beds. 

As far back as 181 l,diUts had been, run on ihe 

heads of veins, iu several i.laccs, and the coal broughl 

from them in wheelbanows ; hue it was not till 1827, 

that the railroad avus inlrculuced into drifts, and from 

tliat period to the present, drifts have been the univer- 

Bal mode. ImjM-ovomenls iiavc been making from 

that to the i)r.sont li,i;e, and it is believed they havt; 

attained that deqrcj of ixL'rfeelion, which lias so lung 

been desired, and Piicli a^' !•.. enable the miner to work 

on the best and ciieapL.-t p!;in. 

Tiie introduelioii o\ i lih'.'ads into this county forma 

anim]iortant era in tiu hisiory of this district, and de- 

serves the atteniion oi' all wlio are engaged, or in 

any manner interested in mining \ as by tlieir introduction, 

those distant beds of coal, that, a lew years 

since, were believed to be loo remote to aduiit of being 

worked, but. were held as a reserve, for a future 

generation j 

and were supposed to be luiavailing, until 

all those beds lyiii-; uu die canal were exhausted, 

'and which are now l)i. Might into active use, and, tht; 

wholly region, foiniitig a district, averagiiig eighteen 

miles in length, front oast to west; and in breadtli, 

from north to south, four iniles, is traversed or inter- 

sected by railroaiks, and is rendered capable of beitig 

worked. 

. Previous 

to the ereciion of. any. of the public rail- 

roads, our enterprizhig fellow citizen, Abraham Pott, 

constructed a railroad from his mines, east of Port 

Carbon, to that place, Uiaking half a mile. This served 

as a model, and may be tinned the. beginning, I'ronii 

which all originated. 

JNIill Creek railroail was 

. The 

begun hi 1829, and finished in the ? . 

• 

same yuar , ii is a single track, 40 

inches, and extend.'^' from Poit 

Ctul iî 10 the Ih'oad iiiouiitain. Ii- '

304 n/.STOHV Of SCHUYLKILL COUNTY. 

is now intended to l.r/ a new road 

to iiitersecl. the J),>nvillL; road at 

the Broad niouiuain, which can be 

done at a small ex[ninbie. 'J'his 

road runs liinnieii tie coal region, 

from cusl to v/i'st, and cost, originally 

^5,000 

'J'ho 1 iler.ils itnuli.ig into it, cost 4,000 

The Schuylkill Valley railroad 

was coiijmci'Ctd iii IS^'), and iinished 

in 1830. It extends from 

Port Carbon tu Tuscarora, is ten 

miles long, with a donbic track of 

40 inches, and cost. 

Add to whirh, laterals, that intersect 

it in every tiirection 

The Norwegian and Mount Carbon 

vailroad, wliich is designed to 

form a part of' die Potlsville and 

Danville railroad, was connnenced 

in 182i), and linished in 1831. 

Abont one nnie above Pottsville, 

it branches and runs up the east 

and we;>t branches of the Norwegian. 

For three miles it is a double 

track, filiy-six iiiclu'.s and a half, 

^11,000 ! 

! 

built in the m(t.st sulistantial man- ^ 

ner, and cost 97,000 

Its laterals C(;.-it about , 

Tire next in ortier is the Mine 

Hill and ScHuyllcill Haven railroad, 

which extends from Schuyl- 

kill Haven, (o miles below Pottsville,V 

to the Prriad nountain, a 

distance uf II miles, a'ld with the 

'IVest West r>nineh connecling 

' 

. 

, 3,000 

KjO.uOC

I 

lIloTORy or SCHT.'i't.KILL COUNTY. 305 

with it, forms a liiiC of 15 miles, 

ai a 'cost of 182,000 

To this road tli.Tc are 

miles of lateral, C'.-.îing 

several 

20,000 —— -202,000 

The Liltle Schm/JkiU raih-oad, 

extending from Poit Ciiiiiuu to 

Taniaqua, a disKi):ce of 22 miles, 

touches but for a small distance 

on the coal region, until it approaches 

tlie valley of Tamaqua. 

^ The road is at present laid down 

witli a single track, fifty-six inches 

and a half; but as it is not y^L 

-. completed, but is designed for a 

doable track, calculaied for a locomotive 

engine, it will cost, when 

finished 260,000 

I 

'i'o which may be added tlie 

roads and laterals connected Avith 

mines, immediately on the line o( 

the canal; which, at a modeiatc 

titunate, cost 2,000 

;.! 

.> 

!G2,00^ 

Making a total of railroads, of $G5G,000 

The amount invested in lands and build- 

ings in this county, is estimated at 6,000,000 

Tiie amount ex[)ended in openirigVeins, 

•fixtnres, cars, &lC., Lc, coimecited \vith 

•mining 200,000 

To which may be added 500 boats, 

aTCi-aghig i!^500 each 250,000 

Making a total of money invested, 

âmounting to iS7,106,000 

Although mining v/as earned on here from 1813, 

it was not until tlie canal was completed, that any 

correct account of Dig coal ient, could be obtaiuci- 

T

30t» in. 1 

lie that Anthracite coal could be used ; as the oarly 

friends of the jvicasure, in their zeal to, introdnae it ] 

into general usG,,held om, to the public tfie idc>, that 

so small a quantity was sullicient to answer f i heating 

rooms, that many, acting on their suggestion, had 

tbeir grale-^ constructed on so small a scale, ihiu ihey 

•v'

inS'J'OJlY OF SCHUYLKILL COUNTY. 307 

were tlirowu aside by many in despair, and wood 

was again resorted to. 

Tlie experiiaeiu, after repeated trials, succeeded 

and, in 1825, they were brought to sucli a state as 

to satisfy the public that coal, as an article of fuel, 

could bo used \

508 H!-:tokv gf Schuylkill countf. 

hand in ail our cities, when the navigation open*:, ^ 

•will not exceed 20/JOO tons, wliich wiU leave for die !r| 

last year's consinnption, 353,871 tons. As it is fair fe 

to inter diat ihe increased consumption will keep m 

pace with that of former years, we may put down p 

the demand for 1833, at 480,000 tons, of which h 

20,000 are already in market, leaving 460,000 loi.s 

to he supplied from all sources. Of tliis quantiry it 

is possible the Lackawana works may be able to I'ur- 

nish 90,000, and tliC l.ehigh 100,000—leaving tj be 

supplied from this county, 270,000 tons. 

Agreeal'Iy to the circidar of the Lehigh Company. 

they will bo alio to iarnish, the coming season, 150,- 

000 tons; l>ut, ;is thuy have for some years hen in 

tlie liabii o[ eâimating their capabilities at 100,000, 

which they have ne\er realized, and as their nicnn'*; 

of transportation will be no greater next season than 

they were last, it is believed 100,000, tons will bo the 

maxinunn of ili 'ir j)roduct. The lâckawana, from 

tlie opinion of experienced engineers, is able to fv.i- 

insh on their present road, no more than 90,00(i : ui 

which amount Ave have rated them. 

Assuming 270,000 tons as the quantity that will 

be required ftoni this region, the next enquiry i.^, art I 

•we capable of frlrni'^hing that amount? and for v/liai | 

price can it be delivered in the boats.' j 

It is the opinion of the Board, that the quaniiiy | 

required can be furnished, if the drifts, now in order » 

and about being [)ut in order, are worked vigoruusly: 

hut, should ])Uichasers be backward hi giving tlieir 

j 

orders, that (piuntity camiot be liad, as it re-^juived i 

strong exertions to yield the cpuuitity sent last .reason, j 

although more than 3u,000 tons of that quantity was I 

of Old stock that iiad been mined the year ])! viou?; I 

but, owing to the depressed state of the trade, ar,d die 

consequent low price in 1831, had lain at tie: inities. \ 

until a price .:ould be obtained that would .s.v.die 

j 

•jwiiers from ios^j. : 

p 

|| 

| 

•

%'. 

I 

I 

t 

II 

. PIIbTOUY 

or SCIfUYLKILL COUNTY. 309 

, , It is believed iVoui Ihe panic that pervaded the 

310 irrsTOK'y of schuylkill county. 

rence to meet ihoni when every appearance indiciited 

a fair and |)rosperous issue. Weeks, and sometimes 

monllis, lire required to cut through the.M; iauUs, 

hefore a ton of coal can he again taken Irom the vein 

and hreasts are ayain to he opened, shal'ts sunk for 

ventikitioii, ;iiid a hong time spent in preparing. Be- 

sides all tliis, tlie constant wear and tear of v.-agons, 

.fixtures, !ko., forjii a series of items, together M'ith 

numerous etcetera^ that cannot he taken into i rdcu- 

lacion, urjtil actual experience has pointed ilicm out. 

To afford the collier a fair profit on his inve- 'Diient. 

and euablo l)ini to keep his works and lixiav;;s in 

order, die Ifjarff feel confident tliat nothing ksj than 

S2,50 per ton :!t Pi.ltsville or Port Carbon,"and ^;2,75 

at Schuylldil J hivai, will he sudicient. Tlu' dilTorence 

of 25 o-als between Poltsville and SclmyDdll 

Haven is a j'air allowance, ae the increased flistanc, 

'tliey are re(pii -cd lo haul on the AVest hraii' h railroad 

will re(pi' c all that sum ; and as the dhi'L^Miico 

in freighi and toll between the places is 25 cumls in 

favour of Schuylkill Haven, the places, hy this diif-r- 

euce, art hrou.dil lo a perfect equality. 

The hoard have seen, with astonishment, the charg* 

of mono|)i)ly biought against llie colliers of this region. \ 

and the Ingh price of coal, in our Atlantic cities, .atlri' /| 

huted t< the grasping spirit of colliers here. They ! 

woidd pa^s this uumerited charge hy as unwtii'iby oi 

| 

notice, hut that the- accusation liaving heen .so icaig 

| 

made, and undenied, has induced a helief in niaiiy 

| 

tliat there is foundation for it; and, under a h(;lief of \ 

the truth of tliii aciatsation, petitions are ahout being * 

presenied to ('ongr(;6s, praying them to reduce or j 

aholish tlie duly on foreign coal. They hav«.' sfxn, 

| 

with e^jual astoni;,l;ment, that the Board of Aldi^rrnen i 

of the city of New York, (under an impre.s:.ioD, as 1 

they presume, tliai the charges against us arc found- J 

cd in fact.) liave also, as a hody, petitioned Nu a repeal 

of duties. 

A cnai.'Ae of ;jo irrave a nature, cominL'- i'rini so 

; 

|

, article 

inSTUUV OF SCirUVLKlLL COUNTY. 311 

respectable a cjource, requires from us a firm denial; 

as well us proof of the uiijustness of the charge. We 

jiave already shouni that, with tiie exception of the 

year 1S:J1, coal was uov(;i- sold lower than it was the 

last yeiir ; and it is wi;ll known to all engaged in the 

'trade, that liic [Jiii:.; ol' 18U1 Wds far below what the 

cust. The ]iricc of tiiat year was not sidli- 

cient to pay i'ni (jiu labor of taking the coal from die 

mine, and deiiveriug it oii tfie landing, and the owner 

received uotlung I'or his coal. 

It is a w( 11 known fii't, that a ])erch of bnildinL 

^toiic, or 2 1.) i. ulijc ilj

312 JHSTOliY i»F SCnuVLKILL COUNTf. 

going no higher. This might have been the 

i[ba. 

had noi ilio ciiolci':i appeared in Philadelplna ; but, 

so soon us lii'it scourge was known to have niiuJe iis 

appearance, the boatmen became alarmed, and many 

oi' them drew otf iheir boats, and the few who con- 

tinued, were only induced to remain by the in

|. ; as 

HISTORY OF SCirUYLKILL COUNTY. 313 

wime time, save lln; dibLmt purchasers from ex 

wrtion. 

From iiifoniiatiua ilenvcdfrom sources th^t may 

be relied on, wo ibol Av^rruuted in saying there will 

be 600 boats on the canal, at the opening of the season, 

and as the a\êrago burtheu.last year was neax 

35 tons, and embraced a largo number of " Union 

Boats," and as all the new boats are of 45 tons and 

over, it will be safe to :'.verage the boats for next sea- 

son at 38 tons, mahiug a tonnage amounting to 

22,800. Allowui.^ l!i trips for the year, they will be 

abie to transport ".iiit^ÔO; but, as a portion of tlu; 

boats will be used for iransporthig other articles than 

coal, it will be sale to '-liniLite at 270,000 tons lor 

coal, Avdiich is the auiouni that will be reciuired, and 

we may conclude $1,50 as the highest freight, the 

f, \. cost of a ton of coal, di^livered at tide water will be : 

. Toll 

; Freight 

Delivered in the boris a I Fort Carbon, $2 50 

on the canal, • 1 ^'^ 

to rinladel^dua, I 50 

314 HlsrOP.f OF SCHUYLKILL COUNTY. f|.« 

biluminous. jVlh cs there are large beds of liiiuiuiii- ^ 

oils coal in tlii-3 hlate, as well as in Viruiui;i, tliui 

fi 

might be aliuctcd by a reduction of duties, it may be '^ 

'well to exjiiuiiie mlothe truth of the assertion M 

It is w.'il l;ii()\vu to ail mercantile men, tl.oi il:r S 

principal jian, if not all the coals brought Iron' Iilng- « 

land, are brought as ballast; and if the shi]u»\vnei i 

•can reidize cost I'oi the article, he is satisfied tu luso § 

the froigbt and charges, as, I'roin the nature of ihe | 

articles brought from l^lngland, ho is comjuiltd tr 

take coal or s;.h:!;s iiallost,or purchase stone oi oaidi, 

which is utterly u-^ck-is when brought to this ( juhIi/, 

But admit fu-

IlISTOnY OF 5CI1LVLKILL COUNTF. 315 

«one chaldron delivered in his cellar, J5ll,25, equal to 

;?10,3'2l per ton. To tran.siJort the supply of London 

ifrom New Castle, it rctpiired 7021 vessels. 

From the foregoiiit,^, which from its Ihgli official 

'character may he relied on, it is evident, that no reduc- 

tion hi price can he cxpe'led from a reduction of 

duties, or a i'rea tiiide. 

' The 

British governmeni lias, for many years, 

looked to the coal trade, as a linitful source for seamen, 

audit has v/iih truth, been CLilled the nursery of 

'their navy; that eiliciDit arm of the nation. We 

may, from the gradual, hui sure increase of coastiui-, 

vessels employed in tiunsiu/rting our product to the 

eastern states, look \\'iil) etjiud certainty to this branch 

of trade, for a sure tapply of our hardy seamen, 

Avhen their country may ie(|uire their aid, 

! 

';• Your 

board could^ ]>y v;oing into detail, adduce 

•proof suliicient tosati-^ly ih m most inveterate advocatt* 

of free trade, that it is cuniiary to the interest of the 

nation, or of tlu iiidi\ Iduals composing it, to reduce 

the duty on coal, out tl. y d. em the ibiegoiiig sullieient 

• to satisfy all, v/ho ar not, from interested motives, 

wedded to the principle of free trade, and should not 

have deemed it necessary to have said any thing on 

the subject, bui from die respectable character of the 

association, who now stand most prominent as appli- 

'cants for a repeal. 

— 

With a district of country embracing all the variety 

-of anthracite co;d with u elass of individuals of the 

most iêrsevering industry—we may fairly challenge a 

competition with the world. Here, the city dealer may 

be supplied with any article to suit the taste oi 

opinions of his custo'fU:is. He may have it of all 

degrees of hanliies.s, and lujin the pure white, to tlve 

bright red a.sh., and of a [^luity, surpassed by none ir 

the ui-iverso. 

Widiin the 1;'^/. tv/o yeai.-^, the business has settloo 

• do'.vii lo a kdr taid regular trade, and the caie be

316 afSTOllY OP SCHCTtKILL COUNT'S. 

Stowed in clc>ai-iiig the coal trom slate and oiLer iir.: 

purities 1ms increased, and Schuyllvill coal i.s ileserv 

e

^-v 

lilSTORY OF SCHUiLKILL COUNTIT. Sit 

REPORT OF 1845. 

.The period has ymw arrived wlien it becomes tire 

iluty of the Jkjavd ul" Tr.idi; to yiibniit to the Coa] 

Aliaing Association, ilicir aiiiiiuil Keport. 

:-. In the perlbrrnance of tliis duty, they Avill briRg 

into review the coal operations of the past year, thu 

ttinproveijients immediately connected with the busi- 

ness, as well-as those in progress and in expectation ; 

and also the routes of transportation to tide water. 

Tlie amount of anthracite coal sunt from the mining 

BIS HlSTOr.Y OP SCHUYLKILL COUNTY. 

ill making up the above table in the usual ivuvniier 

jiicludiiig in ihe iirst place, all the coal sent dowii 

i'rom JanuHiy to Jannaiy, and adding the anio;mt oi. 

hand on iho 1st of iVi>ril, it then becomes necessary to 

deduct the quantity sent I ly railroad from Jaminry 1st 

to April Isl, in o'der to show the correct an.ouni ii; 

| 

the mainft. 

The fc.ll.u/ing table exhibits the quantity of co;.. 

mux. fi'oni all the anthracite coal basins of I'cur.syl- 

-vania, since the commencement of the trade ; rogediei 

with the annual increased supply, consumpiion, and 

quantity rem;iiiiing unsold, and also that di. [»os( d ci 

m the line, of oiu' canal and railroad.

H,ISTOU¥. 0;^. SCHp'YLKILL COUNTY. 31! 

A TABLE 

Exhihitini^ the. ,/uaniilij of Coal sent from all the 

Anthracite iôal JUt';iiis of Pennsyluania since 

the vonii)ieucc»ival cf the trade, \c. Sf-c. 

SCIIUYLKIL]-. 

1

360 lIIbTOnY OF SCHUYLKILL COUNTY. 

TABLE CONTINUED, 

OTHER REGIONS.

i> 

p 

-— 

— 

^nSTORY OP SCHUYLKILL COUNTY. 32i 

TABLE CONCLUDED. 

INCRLAfc'i;, (JONSI.'.\trTION, &c.

322 aisi'oRV op Schuylkill county. 

TliCio nppcai:^ to be 90,000 tons of coal cli.stil.ntL... 

along the line o( our canal and railroad; nd Ironi 

Wilki'sburrc, Pincgrove and vShamokin,thLTL npj.oaiv ^ 

to have been about 70,000 tons disposed of on jIk; litic-: j 

of canal [hrough whicli the coal passes. And iV.an tlit 

most reliable accounts that we can get poss>:asi(>u oi, 

we believe the quantity sold on the lines of irausu 

from the Lehigh and Laclcawana mines, may be sot 

down at 90.000 tons, which will make a gross amouuii 

of 250,000 tons sold on the lines of transportation j 

leaving l,381,0ti;) tons of anthracite coal, that Vv' as 

sent the past year to the terminations of the canals 

and railroad over which it was transported, there to 

be consun( d or shipped to other pouits. 

The amoiiiit ..I'coal sent from this regioii ihc pas. 

year in boats, through the Schuylkill, and Delaware | 

and Karitan canals, direct to ,the city of New York* 

and it;, vicinity, appears to be 111,521 tons, which is 

8,451 tons. less than in the year 1843, and is owing 

to the large iunount carried liy railroad to Richmond 

thence tbr....-h the Delaware and liaritan canal tr. 

New York. 

Tiie number of steam engines and amouiu c. 

macliinery ai the collieries, is steadily and ra]>idly m- 

creasii:-i, aid wr now have twenty-two colhcrics under 

w.ifer kn'cl, at which there are erected twenty- 

eight engines lb?: raising the coal and draining the 

mines, the ai^grcjato power of them being equal tc 

1,100 horsesT And there has-been erected w ithin tht. 

past year thirteen smaller engines, equ^l to 178 horsu 

power, for breaking coal ; makhjg the whole mmibe! 

of engine;, in tlu; region, employed in pumiMng, a]id 

ill raising an.l breaking coal, forty-one, with an iiggregate 

pov/cr of 1;278 hojses. 

la addiiiun to the forty-one engines employca 

about the mincLr tliere are fifteen others, rated l&G 

horse power, eUif>loyed in other busnr is in the 

covinty, making a total of fifty-sjx steam engines, w\[Y 

j 

| 

^

iiisrour OP schuylkill county, 323 

an aggregate power ol" 1,464 horses, employed in the 

coiimy all ; ol' which, excepting four, have been built 

by our own machinists, and these machinists have 

now fifteen engines in the course of construction for 

our region. 

The iniroducLion into this county within the past 

year of machinery for breaking coal, may justly be 

considered as an acquisition of vast importance to the 

already extensive means and appliances for economising 

manual labor. 

The machine in general use was invented by 

Messrs. J. & S. ]jattin, of Philadelpliia, and was first 

gut up in their cnal yard in that city about a yeai 

ago. 

^^ 

IJ* 

: 

' 

The first in this county wasêrected by Mr. Gideon 

Bast, on Wolf creek, near Minersville, and since that 

'*j time they have been put u[» in various places, and are 

found to answer the fondest hopes of the inventor, 

-«-|, 'and meet most fully tlie wishes of the coal operators, 

inpeifurming tho work at a very reduced cost and 

less wastu of the coal. 

This machinery, whh the circular screens attached, 

and driven by a twelve horse engine, is capable of 

breaking and screening 200 tons of coal per day, 

which is fully equal to the work of from forty to fifty 

men. 

Port Carbon is now connected with the railroad to 

Philadelphia, through the Mount Carbon and Port 

Carbon railroad, which was opened on the 1st of 

December last, by tlie unyiulding perseverance of the 

engineers who were actively engaged in urging the 

work to its completion wiihin the time required by 

the charter. 

The Schuylkill Valley r^âvigation and Railroad 

Company, jiave a large ibrce enjployed under A. W 

Graven, engineer, in straightening and grading thr; 

V roiit' Ibi laying down a new road from the termiiiou)::

324 HISTORY OP SCHUYLKILL COUNTY- 

of the ]\iouni CarljGii and Port Carbon railroaa at 

Port CuiIk))!, (o Tusearora, a distance of nine niiles. 

This road is to 1)C laid with heavy iron rails, and ol 

tlie same width as the i)rincij)al roads in the United 

States, whieii is ibur feet eight inches and a half hetween 

the )'aii.'?,and ii is cx])ected to be er.oniotive 

engines^ by winch they are enabled lo drav 

two or three times as nmch as formerly, is c dcalnuji

fk . 

HISTORY OF SCllUVLKILL COUNTY. 325 

to cheapen ilie co>t ft irai;;.portation on railroads to 

an extoiit t!iat low^ if iuiy, ot' us had ever imagiueil. 

'The im])rovei)i(:ijl.s by Ijuldwhi & Whitney, in eon- 

iiectiny îx ^vllC(•l:^. ;iiui u.-iliy ihcm all as drivers, 

with the \'/eiL^lii (n' i\v.:. oji.îne bearing equally on 

them, has incii-;iM:Ll liic jDwer of the engine immensely, 

a.s \v\\.^

326 lllifOIiy OP SCHUYLKILL COUNTY. ^ 

of the president oT that company, we have Ijlch 

much gratified wiiIi the clear business style of tlie 

g 

w 

document, and the ability with which these advantii- |' 

ges are set Ibrlh. ^ 

When such a navigation is completed, that boats; |s 

or vessels carrying iVom 150 to 200 tons, can load at f| 

our wharves, and proceed directly to New York and 1^ 

other distant ports widiout transhipment of tlie coal, 

|| 

and be propelled by steam, we think the cost of trans- jp 

porting must be rednced to one-half, or perhaps, one- % 

third of ihb cost in [hi present boats drawn by bcrscs, |i 

When this eniaigement of the canal is comijloted, M 

we shall have a line of canal and a railroad, extend- % 

ing from this place lo tide water, not surpassed by |i| 

any in the countiyj but it must necessarily re 'niro «^ 

some time to place the canal in this position ; and in t 

the meantime the loiaiage of the valley of the Scluiyl- 

^ 

kill, which in the past year exceeded 1,000,000 o[ I 

tons, will be steadily increasing, and in a very I'r.w f 

years will number 2,000,000 tons of coal and .^ r- > 

chandize, i? 

Thus it does ;ippear that the large amount of c:i}'i- 

tal expended on the canal and boats, railroad and t 

cars, is intended to meet tlie requirements of a tmsi- * 

ness already very large, and which will, in all hu- ^, 

man probability, be suthcienl in a lew years, to give f 

active and profitable employment to tlie millions of ; : 

dollars expended lor its accomniodati(»n, |; 

Five years since, the manufacturing of good iron V 

with anthracite coal, was believed and asserted by 

some to be practicable, doubted by many, and posi- 

| 

h 

lively denied by a majority of the iron masters ol 

'^ 

this State. And iiox^-- tliere are 13 blast furna< es in .operation, 

using tbis fuel, and ])roducing the best t 

(piality of fonndry miital. The furnaces are i.T dif- ^ ', 

ferent dimensions, ])roducing from 30 to loo ions .j 

'' 

' 

each, of meiai per wêek, and making in the aygre- 

gate ab.'UL 70u lon-i per v/eek. These 13 funiacos r 

; 

;

, I; 

^ HISTOilY OF SCiUIYLKILL COUNTY. 327 

cannot consunie jless than 70,000 tons of coal per 

anmuu; and the additional nmnber that is expected 

will be put into operation within a year, will increase 

the consumplion of coal lo at least 100,000 tons per 

annum for this purpose only. 

f Another 

means of coi!sinning a large quantity of 

our coal is, in its- application on boats and vessely, 

traversing canjls and rivers and also the ocean. 

, Tliere 

are now ihiny-five steam boats and vessels 

plying from the city of Philadelphia, to different points 

an tl)i; Delaware audits Iribntarics, and to New York, 

which consume annually about 45,000 tons of anthra- 

cite coal. 

From the best iiifcrruiaion we can get, the steam, 

boats and vessels running from the city of New York 

in various directions, eonsinne annually considerably 

more tiian 100,000 tons uf anthracite coal, making the 

whole amount at these two i)oints not le^s than from 

150 lo 1G0,000 ions consumed annually, for generatnig 

steam for the propulsion of vessels. 

From the decided economy and advantages according 

to the present experience, arising irom the use of 

steam in vessels ruiniing through our large canals 

along the coast, we arc led to the conclusion that 

. and 

in a few years a vciy large- portion of the -coasting 

ti-ade, as well as that to the more contiguous ibreign 

ports, will be done by steam vessels, and will neces- 

sarily use a large amount of coal. 

' The rate of toll on the canal for the pa^t year was 

reduced to thirty-six cents per ton, on coal, Avith an 

allowance of five per cent, for waste, and we are not 

aware that any chaiigu in the charge is contemplated 

for the coming season. 

Theaver.'gt t'reiglit lor iho whole boating seasoii, 

was 77 cents lo Pbiiudflidiia, and 5^2,1 G per ton (o 

New York. 

O'lie whole i;ijurge per ton of coal by the railroad.

328 invroKi' of schuvlkill counts, 

was i^l,10 iu llic winter, and' $1,25 from tlie 1;,l o, 

July, until ihe Isi ot" December last. \ 

The cnual v/as open and ready for the sliijmiciit .., 

coal Oil tlic iiGd vif March, and notwithstanding,^ thv: 

miprecedcni-J dry weather, there was n(j intt'JiU|inct' 

j 

] 

j 

in business, I'liiil ii was closed by ice on the 1 !/(};, oi 

j 

Deceiui'ci', 

Tlh' nnioiiiit oi coal imported into the li'-ifcu 1 

Stales I'or dxj yeiM- ending the :_K)lh of Jnne, KSll, i^- 

as lullov/s 

: 

in iViuc.Lun vessels, 40,i}()'J 

In For, -u do 37,161 

'J'Mlal, 87,07^ i 

If wl;

,, HISTORY 0F SCHUiLKILL COUNTV. 329 

minous coal sent iVom tlvj west branch of the Susque- 

liiinna. 

We deem it iioccssary to call your attention to the 

lYiovenicnt.s again inaile in 'tnr lcgi;slatnro to impose 

a tax on coal, as an ovi!::ilirnt lor increasing the pub- 

He reveiuie ; and m tins lasi movement they seem to 

have forgotten, or pia-poocly avoided bitnminousqoal, 

hy havcing specilied uuthraciic. 

 

. i .trncting canals for die 

flccommodation oi dn.s l.adc; and if this is the case, 

and the jtidjlic wojks dn coal lokI ail odicr nuacbandize, i)assing 

over the public work;,, :s calculated to increase tlic 

annual revenue llowing uito the public coders, we are 

i\ perfectly satisfied that sacli a course should be pur 

: sued, because it v/ould operate equally and impar- 

V. tially. 

^ But we canpot see the justice of laying a direct 

tax on anthracite coal, v.-itlunt at the same time imposing 

it ui)on all the oilier products of the state, in 

proiJorlion to its viilne. 

The heaviest jjuilion oi' this tax Avould fall upon th* 

coal sent Innn tliis rrîoii. for \vdii(_h the common 

wealth has never LXpeMii^ d onu dollar to construe', 

a canal or railroad by v.-)a(di \i couM be carrieil to 

market. 

Tlio in,;il 1,11'ds here ai'; v>dned at high rates anc^ 

lieavily laxi.'d: iii.d imf i'v.w cwimiies in the state ua\ 

more l.x Lhaii the Couniy of h'chiiyllall,

330 History of schuylkiHl county. 

If, however, il. is necessary to raise more TevenuSj 

the landljolders and colliers of this county are always 

ready tc bear tlncir jtroportion of any tax that ij laid 

witii a duo regard to even-handed jnstice ; but we 

must be v/arclif:il and constant in protesting against 

this system of unequal taxation, than which there is 

nothing more certainly calculated to breakdown and 

destroy (his Luancii of industry, which has bceu 

fost(n-ed inlo its present gigantic size, by much individual 

euUaprize and very lieavy pecujiiary liisses. 

All of which is respectfully submitted.

, Previous 

CJIAPTE]! lY. 

^COAL KCGIOX, AND MIN(^[Cr OPERATIONS IN 1844. 

{Frumd'i Atuhraciic Gazette.) 

THE ORKJIN AiNiJ FORMATION OF COAL. 

to euteiing upon a particular local de- 

'scriptioii or iiistory oT llic alevclopiiiciits of this 

'region, we shall give a rapid and condensed view of 

"tlie various lluuu'ics hy which sideniiric na-n account 

for the cxistenco of the valuable unneral which lnaket^: 

'Our wealth. The subject is a curious one, and will 

possess nuicli interest for tliose engagetl in mhiing 

operations, while, in. connection with tlie future arti- 

•cles of this series, ii will be serviceable as a chapter 

of reference, I''or Iho many scientiiic and practical 

facts end)raced in the following, we are indebted to 

several rare and laie JCnglish worjxs, but more particularly 

to our fellow townsnuui, Samuel Lewis, 

Esq., who, from among his valuable store of itd'orma- 

•tion and experience, iias Ivindly permitted us the use 

•of many notes. 

There arc [lerhaps btil few subjects wdiich have 

;given rise to iiKne cnnjeclLU'e or opened a wider held 

for the most extravaga.it liy[)othesis, than that which 

involves the origin of coal, and among the many 

questions which call intij oi)eration the ingenioi.'.- 

'Wui kings of huiiirji leason, there are none more

332 JHjTCKV Ul- SCHUYLKILL COUNTY. 'M f 

diflicult ot cniijp!(;to lucidation than this. Tlie ..uly ] .: 

ratioiKtl (?0(iri;e i!i;a wa can pursue whilst cognizant of 

| | 

this difficulty, i-^ to lay l^clbre our readers the Aâricua - ^ 

theories as tljcy jjiive arisen, and after givin;.; the -^ A 

proofs advanced in favor of each, leave them tu dc- .J 

eide upon uial wincii a])pears the nrost reasonaljlc!. ^ 

From aii^nng the many opinions which hav(.' jicon ; '^ 

proponialcd wi'di r.:.-3[)cct to the origin of this .-.ub- | .• 

stance, we i.'nmnciaic the following five: 

/Vri-/-— Tliat il i., an earth, a stone chiefly of jjic 

argillaceous ge):ii.^-, penetrated and impregnatcil u'ilh 

bitumen. 

Second— -Is the ; 

pirhrju of Mr. Kirwan, v/lio ccii- 

sidered coal and hnnnien to have heen d(.'rive(l tVnni 

what he d('sigiiati;(l, ^-the primordial chaotic jluid." 

Tlilrd— 'V\\Wl it i:> entii'tdy of uiarin(:; formation, and 

has originated (ri>ni the I'at and unctu(.»us malle.r of 

the numcrons iiihoo of animals that once iidiaoiiod 

the ocean. 

Fourth— 'V\\.'X il is a marine fossil, formed in a 

manner .simiiai \u the reefs of coral hi the pre.seii! 

ocean. 

Fiftli— 'i'hat it is of vegetable origin; that the vugetablr 

hodics ha\e, suhsequeutly to tlieir being buried 

under vl;..1 >tiata of earth, been mhiera!i/ed by 

some uid.no'w'ii |n; rcss, of which sulphuric aci.l iias 

prohalily beei; \\w princii»al agent, and that by means 

of this acid the nhs of tlie ditferent species ol" "wood 

have been ctjnven 'd into bitumen, and a coaly :-:iibstance 

has been formed. 

The liL'st o])mi.i'i as (putted above, has been fnlly 

demon:.t rated to be inefficient from the lact ti.at 'a 

muriber of ciKos are Jbrmed, wliich are entirrl^ devcii] 

of biiumen, and abio tliat the (piantity i of arlhy or 

sleny inatter in fn- most bUmninons c lal beais no 

pnvp'iiiion ro dean. : 

'fbe oiher 'hre,. opinions must be lo( . ed u[ian a. 

;. 

i'

HISTOnV Oi' SCHUYLKILL COUNTY. 331 

altogether speculative, and imaginary, although sev^ 

eral scientific aiid choinic:il arguments may be adduced 

iu dieir h"!i)i)orr.. 

We are thus throv/n U|)Ou the most prevalent as 

well asllie mosL reasonable opinion, viz: '• That it is 

of vegetablo origin,, derived as hct'ure stated, Irom 

Veo-etahles." In tliis i.-.ti'iiry we shall use the argu- 

nwiits pertaiuing lo Ih. l.ewis' notion oi" the nuUter. 

'< All are UijW agici d Uiiou, what is indeed an undeuiaiile 

laet. thai^ nnncr.d coal is priucii)allv comnoseu 

oicari.ou; .od ii i.. a legitimat.; conclusion 

drawn fromtlic i;re.v, nt su,te of geological and chemical 

knowledge, that c-rljou existed, either sunply or m 

some state of eoniLnnliMn, previous to the deposr^ 

Uon of the coal Nlr.M.i. i'or so far Irom this period 

being the time of ih- .aeiiUuu of matter, it was pecu- 

liarly the age of hre-daiig up its old lornis and rearranging 

theui anew: ihe whole amount oi the d)l- 

ference then helweeii'lwo oinnions, is reihiced to the 

simple point, whelh.:, the carbon in the coal strata 

Was siniidy juv 'iiMLihil from ôlne cheimcal soluUon 

or comhinatiou nU. us piceui form of coal, or whe 

ther it iiist passed (hrough the lorm ol organizeu 

vegetable mailer, and was subsequently reduced by 

some unknown procp,ss to its present form. 

'' i.et us adopt which of these opinions we may, we 

shall find upon close examination, that the subject in 

by no means unincuu-ibenid with dilficulties, and thai 

it is by no means easy lo arrive at conclusions th:_il 

I I will bear striet scruliuv, and on which we can coni)dently 

rely, it ii. llierefori; slrletly in aecovdaiiev 

with the spirit oi inanctive i)hilosophy, to adopt thai 

theory whieh serve, io explain the. greatest mnnber 

of facts, and iviUe'iily lo waU uuiil a sulli-denl uuiilber 

of observations aijd evifeTimeiits shall have l)eei! 

made to draw sati'

334 nrsroi.r of schtjylkill countt. 

rate and t!xr(;nsive ol)servations— presents fewer dn" | 

iiculties, and requires fewer suppositions tli;in v.wy * 

other. It is duo that we are ignorant, and firobably 1 

always shall he, of the place from whence such Viisij 

accLuniiUitioiis of vegetables were obtained, how ihey 

were disposed in sncli regular strata, and allerv/aidi ^ 

convcrud nilu und. But the same may bo âid oi j 

each o[ ibe secondary and transition strata, tbat in [\ 

great measure compose tlie crust of our globe. Foi j 

instance, w-ho can tell from whence was derived tlic | 

great variety ui" ['cblilcs that go to make up the cou \ 

j^domeral.; or j/iidding stone of the Sharp hioimtainliow 

tliey were broken into small pieces unci triuiro.- 

ted and rounded into their present shapes, aiid thoi. 

eollectod loaodio/ and dej)osited in layers as we now 

Ihid tlioin. iiai because we cannot tell all iliis, docs i 

any onu, who lias fully examined the subjeot, believ" 

' 

that it has not bapi)ened. I 

"Geologists ha^ê divided the strata composing tht ; 

orust of the earth into five series, as follows, viz: | 

Primary or ]Mimilive, Transitien,. Secomiaiy, Tyi- i 

tiary and iJibivial. 

"The primary class are princij)ally composed cf j 

chrystaline matter, without the admixture o[ iVag- I 

rnents of othur rocks, and do not possess a distinct 

and ro'ûlar stratification or disposition in layers. 

They are wlislly destitute of organic remains Jhat is^ 

no trace or impression of animals or vegetables i^ 

found among tliem, and hence they ailbrd no evi- ; 

deuce that snsii existed at the time of their formation. ; 

" It is further remarkable that no carbonaceous mat j 

tcv of any value Ibr fuel, nor any considerable quaii- } 

tity of any land has ever been found among these j 

rocks. 

'• 'I'he next in cider is the transition series; these ' 

rocks generaliy he in contimious beds or strata more \ 

or less inclincil Tlie lower beds liave a sena-chrys- 

raiine appearance, and often contain the frai


Other rocks. 'Jlie vippcr leds are frequently conv 

posed ill Avliole or in part of ])ebbles and fragments 

partially roundi'd and cemented together. In these 

rocks we hnd tliu iirsi evidences of the existence of 

animal and vegotublc organization, thus indicathig a 

transition or cliange from a pure chrystaline and inorganic 

state to that of fragmentary composition, and 

of organic life, ;ind hence the name—transition. The 

lower part of this scries contains only the remains of 

marine animals of the lowest order, while the upper 

contains the remains of land or rather of marsh vege- 

tables, plainly indicjiiiig a transition from water to 

dry land previous to the deposition of the coal beds. 

The upper part of the series contains .our antlmicite 

coal beds, wluch arc cunsi

536 insiouv or sciiuylkill county. 

"TlieroL'ks loiinoi] in the first geological age n.ra 

conceived t^ owe ijicii- ju'esent state to the conibijied ' » 

eliects of imnionsvj lu at and pressure, and thus to be j i 

chemically nniied. !ii the next, or transition age, 

they app'.'Mi- to have het;n deposited from some sus- | ^ 

pending uieJiiiLii, and to owe their present state pari- \ 

ly to tiie action oi'clifMnieal and i)arlly to mechanical 

'* 

laws; Avhile in the s.'coiidary series Ihey are wh'>ily 

.? 

] 

]iiechanii:id. exci.'jil .-^vi iar as they arc held together 

Ly llic rJtraolioi.i oi' (ihcsion. * 

1' 

. . 

. 

'• (larjjoii is Hi'K.i i)|-(»hahly an original ingrcvlicnt 

m the composiiioa of our rucks, and was not (./,l;7- |' 

nal/i/ fonoi'd by any |)rocess of vegetation, h is |- 

iound in ilie jji-uuary limestones and other ])riiiiaiy 

| 

]x>cks, ajiii ill many liani>ition rocks that wi're (i,,'iiiod i 

jjrevions lo ilie i?asli.nce (jf plants. In limesloiK's it 1} 

forms aliout onoci'aiit ot" tla.'ir weight. (Jonld the |i 

carbon be sepaiaicd from the limcNttJiie in the caica- | 

reoHS ranges ol' da; Jnra and the Alps in Europe, it 

|j 

would form a li. I td pure carbon of nearly one tliuu- U 

sand feet in iliiri n '-^^j tliroughout the vast extciii ni ^' 

those inomiiaihN, 'J'he ^^'hole formation of the irausition 

and ])rinr,iy limestones of Pennsylvania may 

cover an area oi' ten thousand miles, and will perhaj'S 

| 

^ 

.' 

average loivr tli.)iisaiid feet in thickness. 1' ho carbon 

| 

of this would fmni .. hed ol" more than Jlvc Imncliecl |' 

leet thick uv'er ;he a hole extent. All these lock's 

were formed ])ni/r t

^ ii^ 

, IÎSTOUY OF SeuUYLKILL COUNTY. 337 

"but it requires some other process, some other agency 

to separate tlio CLirhou from this combination witfi 

oxygen. We know of nothing that will etiect this 

but the process of vegetation ; it having been proved 

by direct experiment, that plants, during their growth, 

absorb carbonic acid, and give out oxygen, thus re- 

taining the carbon whioh manifestly forms a great 

portion of their ball:. 

« Admitting therefore, as we cheerfully do, the prior 

existence of carbon, it does not assist us in the inquiry 

how the immense masses of carbon that constitute 

the coal strata were collected together, unless we resort 

to the agency of vegetables. How they are 

formed from these, we are in a great measure igno- 

tant, and perhaps always will be, but wo may at least 

be permitted to otrer a coiijecture. 

" Carbon may have existed in the interior of the 

earth, and have been expelled from thence by the 

great internal he;it now generally admitted to have 

existed id the earlier stages of its formation, in the 

form of carbonic aeia gas, (the common choke damp 

or black damp of our mines and wells) this may have 

sb filled the atmosphere as lo render it unlU to support 

animal lite, while it furnished the most suitable food 

ibr plants. It is also very probable that much less 

mould or earth may have coveted the rocky strata in 

those early ages than ut present, and that plants must 

have lived more by absorbing carbon from the air 

tlirough their loaves, than from the earth through 

their roots. That such was the primitive condition 

ef the atmosphere, and that it was gradually purified 

by the growth of plants, seems not to be improbable 

from the circumstance, that previous to their existence, 

the animated races were confined to the water, and 

were of the lowest orders to whom a breathing apparatus 

is not necessary 3 to these succeeded reptiles 

and cold-blooded animals, which can enjoy and endure 

an atmosphere that v/ould be fatal to warm 

•blc: 'led animal?; and to man. These reptiles did not 

V

338 HIS1 OKY OP SCHUYLKILL COUNTY. 

appear iintii aULi- tlie deposition of tlie coal îraiu, 

and it is iiirtlicr proljable that it required many gen- 

erationtj of plants to render the uir respirable lor biiLls 

and beastS; as it is not initii long- alter that any ves- 

tiges of theso races are found. These were the immediaio 

precursors of the human race, the sovereign? 

of a woild which they underprise, and of which they 

little know the wonderful structure, or the sui;pasing 

beauty. 

" xVt iJic epuch of the coa.1 formation, the vegctatiou j 

that covered the earth was of the most JuxuriaiU | 

growth and gigjiutic size, as is evidenced by their !«- i 

mains found in the adjoining strata. Plants^ such a? | 

ferns and equisiti, \vhich are at present classed witli | 

the gra.ssc.s, then attained to the stature and size of j 

trees. It consisted, in the temperate ai'd coldei ; 

countries c^ iLurope and America^ of geneia and* 

species of ph nts now only found in the tropical coii!! 

tries. We can at iliis day scarcely form an idea of iL } 

amount of vegetation armually produced by the cuni- ' 

bjned iiillueiii-e ci heat, moisture and carb»'»iiii; aciii I 

Jius. 

"In the u})per or diluvial formation, we find peai 1 

whicli is uuijuesiionably of vegetable origin, a,^ it is 

] 

now forming from vegetables in various parts of the 

j 

world ; and yet i'ully formed peat has as Httle the a^- 1 

pearance of vegetables as most kinds of coal. It is s 

also remarkable (hat the further peat is removed from \ 

all traces of vegetable organization, (within cevtair | 

limits) the bultei- it answers lor fuel. In peat we \ 

have an instoiico of the formation of luel Jrom vego- | 

tables, but v.diich has no trace of a vegetable kft, ly ] 

a mincrahzing pjocessi that is just as little uiider.stoii!], 

and IS just as inexplicable as the process by whicli 

j 

vegetables have been converted into mineral coal. 

Would it tlicn l)c reasonable—would it be j.liilosopliical 

to deny the vegetable origin of coal, meicly be- 

| 

| 

| 

' 

cpuê we aic imable to explain the proce.-:;? by wLici! \ 

it has been leduciid to its present 3|ate? 

| 

i 

\

HIST

S40 IlISrOKY or fCilUt^LKILL COUNTY. 

by some nniieiaii'/ing process, that has, inconjunclioi. 

with enorniQUS pressure, destroyed the vegetable Isx- j 

tare, particularly of the soft and vascular plants, * 

\ 

hence it is ooiy {win some peculiar conciu'rence of cir- | 

' 

cumstances tliat impressions of vegetables have been 

retained, ^Vhere^9, if it owes its t'ormation, like the 

^ 

•' 

| 

» 

rocks that .siirrouiid ii, to the mere i)recipitation .uid • ^> 

consolidation of its component parts, and like them '' 

i 

been derived from similar materials in another tbrm, ) 

we ought roasonal^ly to exj)ect to find the same iin- i i 

pressions of plants hi. in the surrounding shales. AIj ' 

? 

were once equally solt alike, and ouglit therefuio to r ' 

retain similar impres-:ion.s. 

" Thus we have die fullest proof that the subject is ^ 

capable of, in the present state of our knuwird 

that in all ihe Lliifcjent varieties of fossil fuel iVoni 

peat to anthracite, vegetables did exist at the time ot 

tiieir formation ;'.nd in immediate contiguity with u\e I 

beds. 

"The mriteri>ils composing the strata above and || 

below the coal, are comi)osed of fragments of rocks | :!; 

that previously existed, or of the same materials with p 

tiiose rocks. ,^^ 

* 

| 

" Specimens of th

HlSTOIiY OF SCHUYLKILL COUNTY. 341 

t^ search and labor, l.ear tho impress of sound philoso- 

'''' 

pliical ruasGuiui^, and address tlienisehês to the consideration 

of scientific and practical men, as being 

free of hypothesis and possessing less of a theoretical 

tone than the nian3'" odicr suppositions, which at dif- 

ferent periods have been forced upon the observation. 

'^ To continue die arguniunts iiL support of the vege- 

table orieing often arranged m basin shaped concavities, 

which appear in many cases to have been originally 

detached lakes tliat Cvere gradually filled up by repeated 

dei)osuions of carbonaceous and mineral mat- 

ter. In soiue of the larger cual /ields the original 

form of the lake cannot be .so distinctly traced ; their 

present furm seems rathcrte be owing to the up-rising 

of the strata on which the coiil measures rest, and by 

lyhi h ihey aie, as it were, enveloped. Thus in oui

342 MISTOKV OP SCHUYLKILL COUNTT, ; 

1 

own rciîoii, if we admit the strata to have been oii 

| 

ginally depoiîterl iu a horizontal position or iioarly so, 

j 

(and we can hardly conceive how they could hav;- 

' 

\

HISTORY OF SCHllVIKILL COUNTF. 34S 

ed ready to undergo tl.c imknowu process by which 

they were converted into beds of coal, when tlie appoiuted 

time came Ibr tins to talce place. 

Havin- thus unv... our renders by way ofintroduG- 

\i^ê mor^local ameleswluchwUlloluW, many 

vZable fa.ns in respeci to the origni and tormatioii 

:S;hi^hl-cû--^y^t been published,^ 

w^ 

lui p oceed in our next to describe the pecuUarit es 

a. d developments oi^the coal Holds, as ar as the caremy 

collated exi-erLne. of otbers, added to onr own 

observation, will enable )is. 

SCnUYLKlI.I.COAL FIELD. 

Under the head of '' The Coal '^^^^^'\;^^:' 

a lo.i- and earefnlly written essay upon the or g n 

Ld fonnation of coal, the point of winch wen to 

n-ove that this valuable staple wasorigmally a vepe^ 

lible substonce. We n/i-ht eontmue the reasoning 

û";lttionofagi.atnund,erofintea-stn.gpro^^ 

^ v,.,..i,n.M.is l)ul ;.-iluscina-se wonKl beinesonte 

•to that matter. 

'"- 

The pou.tAve .hive «t, and tlie 

r[ 

iliveptlv 10 all ilio amhracite coal haU in Ui^ suit 

2 a 'iheJe a.tiele. were wHUen for the •ptn-pose o 

mote lamiliarly nUroaucing a I'-"-; »-' y" T^^ ! 

of our own region, nsnally dcnoninuitea the ^

344 HISTORY OF SCHUYLKILL COUNT¥. 

That part CcJlcul the Schuylkill Coal Field, of whic|j 

\ve now intend to speak, is about sixty-five miles in 

length, ii. lid about iovu- miles and a lialfiu its greatest 

breadth, which is in the vicinity of Pottsville. Thi^ 

basin resembles in shape a long eliptieal or oval 

trough, narrowing if toward*, the ends with thf ev- 

Geption of the western portion which is divided Intiy 

two narrow prongs, ThiS' basin is bounded by the 

Broad mountain on the north, and by the Sliarp 

rnoumaiu on the s;mtli, which boundaries are cut 

through, or ponetraiod at ditferent })()ints by varioiH 

streams which pass through them-into the coal ibrmation. 

Beginning at the eastern portion, it is penetrated 

first by the LiUle Sduiylkill at Tama([u;i—the 

Mill creek at Port Carbon—the river Schuyjkill at 

Pottsville—the Wcî; Branch of the Schuylkill at 

Minersville— tlxo Swatara creek at Pinegrove—aiid the 

Wiscomsco and Siuny creeks at tlie extreme w^.'slerrk 

portion of the elipsis. These creeks and- streams afford 

admirable natural outlets ior the coal, and favorable 

sites for tho location of railroads, whieU :\vv 

already laid down, and m operation through n^ rly 

all these passes. Of these, however, we shall ^q>Luk 

hereafter. 

This coal fieltl is everywhere surrounded and rests 

on a thick stiaiuni of reck composed of coai.se and 

rounded jicbbles', cemented together, commonly eaDcd 

pudding stone or conglomerate, which forms, as it 

were, an outer bed, or trough, inside of which are 

the various seams, or as they are.inore connnonly 

called veins of coal. These veins or beds of coal lie 

at about every angle, from horizontal to perpendicu- 

lar, but most goierally, in the central part of the fields 

dip at an angle varying from twemy-iiye to i'oviy degrees 

with the horizon. They are separated irom 

eiach other b^^ ditferent stratas of sandstone and slate, 

Avhich are of various thicknesses. 

From examinations made across the centre ui diu 

iield, aid'^.d by the number already worked, it? a>i;e.r- 

m

HISTORY Of SCIIUYLxIILL COUNTY. 34J 

teined that we liavj in tiiii basin about ninety-Jive 

veins or strata of coal, ai'J it is probable that we have 

\ not yet arrived at sullicieiitinlbrniation, by wiiich to 

V ileterniine the exact number. These veins run in tlK) 

i; direction 

' 

! and 

of the lengtli of il»e regioUj and vary in 

thickness from two feet to forty or fifty feet-r-ncarly 

all of them extend for many miles in length, and some 

of them, unquestionably, extend laider tlie whole coal 

fipld. Lying inclined, as they generally do, one edge 

reaches the surface of liie ground, where it is called 

(he "out-cropping'" ol the coal, and the other extends 

to an unk'uown depih in iIh' earth, These beds, or 

veins of coal, form as much a part of the rock formation 

of the coal hold, as strata of slate or limestone 

(Jo the rock forma tiori of odicr })aris of the country, 

are cm little Ukily to be exhausted. Both may 

worked to a defvth tlvit \n\\ cease to remunerate 

the operator, but the part taken away will, scarcely 

be a fragment of that which woidd be left. If we 

suppose the whole number of veins to be equal to 

!' be 

fifty veins of six feel thickness, fifty miles in length, 

and extending to an uni uown depth in the earth, 

some idea may be foiinLd. of the supplies our coal 

field can furnish, and tlic little probability there is of 

exhausting them hi o\\x day. 

Our coal field is situaiud on the head waters of the 

Schuylkill and the Svvatara, and the surface may bo 

described as broken into high hills and deep ravines. 

Many of these cross the country in a direction nearly 

at right angles with the com so of the veins of coal, 

hence rendering access tu tin ui very easy. 

COAL ?.I1MNG, 

To procure coal fr

346 riisTOHY cr schuylkill' county. 

about si>: er seven i'eet square—is well secured by 

timber and is cmuinued liorizontally througb ibfe 

earth and solt coal, rvhieh is usually found near tlie 

out-crop of the vein. In tliis opening or " driJV' ;ts 

it isteciinicailyc.alled,a railroad is laid and continued 

I 

; 

^j, 

^ 

alter the workmen, as thoy proceed, and when ihey J.J; 

have penetrated so far into the vein that the coal is i: 

fotind hard enougb. to be transported to nuukei, ibe ? 

inining commences. The methods of anining vary i' 

according to circuinslances—^we will describe one. * 

The reader Aviil imagine a bed of solidcoal, say si\ j' 

feet thick iji cross sections, lying inclined in the earili, 

at an angle of thirty degrees, resting on a grey ^laiey 

| 

rock, call'jd, '• b(.-tl(.jn a/dfe," and covered by a bed | 

•of black slate, calli.d •' /op shile''— tliis latter lo con- i 

sist of one immense contimiuiis mass, with but few I' 

fissures in it. These strata of coal and slale, i)r( .serve t 

tlieir thickness or \);irallelism, or nearly so. Inio the .^. 

bed of coal an opening, or " drift " has heeu m;;.l(-, as 

above described, say at the do])th of 200 feet bel. v 

tJie " oui-crop/>!Hi('^ of the coal on the top of lln' hill. 

at a poini on'!!.' î^le of this drilt towards the rue ..f 

the\;oal. An upt.ning is cut into the coal six 1"< et 

wide, and extending iVom slate to slate. This o\m\ing 

may be conlinued u]i lifteCn I'eet—it is then v.-iden- 

ed out to forty led, and a trough or sc/nife of plank, ^^s 

Siiy lour feet wide, is laid in it. The lower < nd of h 

diis trough is placed higli enough for a small or drift f 

ctir (usually containing about one ton of coal) lo pa'ni'-;ly j 

ife bi,? 1 

3upi)orted by snuOl pro])s)or as far is thougbi . 

The workmen. The portion of coal thus unde-niineil. 

is tben brought down by means of wuh.s vUifi 

• '.evGi-s, and iVequendy by blasting with jcv.der ^ 

j 

^^ 

^^ 

^, 

|| 

$. 

%

HISTORY OP SCHT/YI.KILL COUNTY. 347 

AVlien it is broken siifliciently small, to be handled 

with lacility, it is placed in the plank schule, down 

which it descends by its own gravity— is readily 

passed into the car, and diawn out to the moutli of 

XXxQ 'drift by hojsns or iniilcs. Tlie '^ to/j slaie," or 

roof of the iiiitio is ]ic\){ iVDin scahng off or injuring 

the men by placing woodL-n props at suitable inter- 

vals, and the space fToin which the coal is taken as 

much as possibli; fjled np with refuse matter. The 

portion of ihc Acin, above described, winch we calletl 

forty feel wide, is (tcinauinated a working or 

•^'•breast,^' and is ieii! rally (ij)eraled in, by three oi 

four men, and the co:d is usually taken out as far up 

'i\iQ breast, as it i;, ni';ii-liantal)le. As'soonas the coal 

lias been mined iVom il l

348 iilSTOUV OF SCHUYLKILL C0UNT1«. 

down the Led of coal to any depth thought desirabli.-, 

(which wo i)iay state at 275 feet,) and wide enougli 

for a double tiaci: railroad, and pump barrell, say 

eighteen feet. Ai the top of this slope a steam eriginc 

must be erected of sufUcient power to draw up the 

coal and })ump up the water. Near the bottoni of 

this slope, drifts or gangways, are worked izito tho 

coal, to the right and left, in which railroads are hud; 

and the whole process of mining, &c., is conducted iii 

precisely (he same manner as above water-level, ex.cept 

that the coal is hauled by horses to thu botloni 

of the sloi)e only, and is afterwards drawn up into 

day-light by the steam engine at the top. 

Having t;uw -Avcn our readers, as preliihiiiary, 

sullicieni iijfurniation to induct tliem into thi3 pLCuli- 

arities of our operations, we shall proceed, in conueu- 

tioii with tin; toj;(-graphy of our region, to giv'3 a 

partiqulur dcrcriplion of the ditferent mines. 

yOIIUYfJULL VALLEY DISTIUCT. 

Tl)e coal lii s in veins between the red slialu of iha 

Broad mountain, and that of the Sharp mountain. 

The Avidih of ihe basin decreases materially as it progresses 

cast, th.is carrying out coni})letely the form of 

an 6lip:bis, which ci)cles about at Mauch Clundi, wliera 

the coal is found at the narrowest point, in one conij)lete 

mass. 

In undertakijig a description of this coal field, we i 

have taken, in only that portion, for our present arti- 

^ 

cles, which rcscsbeiween the hue of the Little ScliUyl- \ 

kill Couipany's land at Tuscarora, and the Swataru. \ 

We shall then conunence at Tuscarora and folUnv the \ 

range of veins in a westerly direction imtil we hava 1 

com] titled our task. l 

The Schuylkill Valley district is penetrau-d ia i\ 

direction almost parallel with the veins for a distanoo 

of ten mitos by Ihe river Schuylkill. 'I'he canal ceas(:'i

ilSTOUY OF SCHLYI.KltL COUNTY. 349 

tit Port Carbon, and die ouly way of reaching the 

boats with the coal, is Ly means of the Schuylkill 

Valley railroad, which exiends along the course of 

the stream the wiiolo length of the district. Tiiis company 

was first chartered in 1828 as a Navigation 

Company, to l)e styled, "The Schuylkill Valley Navigation 

Company." The act authorizing them U:) 

lay a railroad WHS not passed, however, until Janu- 

ary, 1829, and the road was not commenced until 

some time during that year. It has always been supposed, 

and no man v/ho r.nderslands the topography 

of the district, can doabi il, that this road wdl in a 

short time become the inrst important and valuable 

in the whole dihlrict^ und the reason for this opinion 

is easily explaiiKxI. 'I'Ik; railroad follows the direc- 

tion of the stream fur U.n miles as before stated—this 

road crosses fmm twelve to fifteen natural ravines 

which penetraie the whoK^ basin at right angles with 

the veins. Each ravine will thus develope nearly as 

mucli coal field as either of the Other railroads in the 

county, and all that is requireil for the ])ur[)ose of inducing 

this con.-,o(pn IV e j:. the construction of a good 

hnd permanent railway in the stead of the present. 

Up these ravines are laid several railroads, of which 

we shall speak in their order—but to proceed with 

our intention. 

The first colliery at the eastern eud of the district, 

is at the head of the Schuylkill Valley railroad—is 

worked in at the foot oil the LoCust mountain above 

Tuscarora, and is culled 

THE TUSCAIJOUA COLLIEKIES. 

The property upon \vli..ii these collieries are located 

belongs to the Schuylkill Bank—it contains about 

406 acres, and extends in width from the Sharp lo 

the Locust mountain, and reaches in length about 1 

miles on the range of the veins. The distance from 

tl>i ^:ioath of the diift to the shipping point at Port 

1

350 lii^roity of Schuylkill county. ! 

Carbuii. i.-s icn ij.ilcs. Tlie openings, as we boh ! 

stated, are made iu the Locust mountain, and tI;,; \ 

veins arc supjxjsxd lu be tlie sameasthose Ibundin tb.r \ 

Broad uioi^nLdi,, at New Castle. These veins (thr j 

JuguL'.r avA Daniels) follow the course of the; Broad 

mouiilaiu e;>,>i\vardly to Patterson, where it intersects ] 

with tlie Loca.st mountain. The Broad mountain at i 

dial i)oint l>;,iv(^ the direction and takes a n.)ril!-onst- I 

crly cu.iisi^ and iIkj ].ocust mountain, being ibe rec'i- 

lar prnionaalion, carries the same veins on to 'i'aina- 

.|ua. Tbo opening ui)on the veinsismade by a iun- 

nell, wbi.di ;^ i 7 3 yards in length, and crosses thiv- 

veins--tbc (irria Vein, another'White Ash Vein, and 

the Tuscarnra \ cin, averaging in thicloie.-s feot 

each. The iaitci ol' these veins, is the ]jriiir-ij>al cm 

now Wdikcat— ii has been oj)erated in for 12 y^cn^'. 

by Wallace ic Co., who have driven the gar;gv/av 

for 900 yards and have taken out from it an inHnehr>e 

qiiantuy of excellent coal. These mines aro ijov 

leased by Mi\ James Palmer, wlio in 1842 and 18-13 

mhied from it about 6000 tons yearly. Mr. Pabia- J 

inform., us dial if tho vein is in good order,, and d.

mSTOUV Oi o.iICYLKil.i COUNTY; 351 

and'arciJi fn'st rate working order. There arc al- 

ready opened v\ô\\ iliis Iraet two veins, in addition 

to wliieh live more iiave lieen proven, which can be 

opened at uny time when ii may be deemed advisa- 

'1^1 le openings have been made a distance of 350 

on each vein, in addition to which is abont 40 

i ble. 

: yards 

? y^rds of ti.nnei cmiing across two veins. Tlie dis- 

•taiice between (lu; venis is about lU yards.. The 

range of veins extend:-; through this tract for abont 1.1 

Utiles, and jndging iVom ihtrnnndjer ah'eady proven, 

^ 

along with' their eWfut, ilie supply of coal which 

might be denvid jtuo lii'.- land is almost incalcula 

f' 

m ble. There can be mined from each vein at present, 

30 tons per day, and with ihe proper encouragement, 

fe and a good raih'. ad, tln^ ;, mount might be increased 

to a nmcli grealiu- ratio. Mr. Jiolton is one of om 

jnost enterpriznr

Jj2 lIibTOUY OK SCHUYLKILL COUNTY. 

tiiat vein. This is a small vein of coal, not moietl' 

9 inches thick, which always overlays the main vc' 

and Ircqueutly serves to disliearten operalor^ v'i 

the bchet that they have Ibmid the principai vi i 

It was this veni, or « the Leader of tiie Sr.uhii " -^ 

IS called, which occasioned the desertion oi'ihi'^ tru 

many years ago ; the miners mistook th.; Av/, /,./,; 

the principal vehi, and abandoned it on arcmn 

Its unprohtableness. Mr. Kinsley has about 1 20 y.,,of 

lateral road to connect )iis mines with the nrn 

road, m addition to wlii

pi?rv^ 

' 

i 

.V' msU'OKY i;r SCHUYLKILL COUNTY. Joli^ 

iJUEN'S COLLIERIES. 

* 'r\\e i\r'.it cnliior> we arrive at in passing up thib- 

road is that wurkoa by Mr. Herny Uren, wlio lias 

opened tu-o diitis ujion the Si)ohn & Lewis veins, 

at a di^lanco ot abmit luilt" a mile from the valley- 

railroad. Thcso Môvkii gs were connnenced in the 

fall of ISl-j. and have licen continued successfully 

and i)roritaLly ever iinjo. The Spohn vain, at tin,':: 

point, averages in thickness from four to eleven fei,!, 

and the Lewis vein, I'rui/i four to four and a half feet. 

Both workings arc in excellent order, and the quality 

X)f the coal is uiioxceptiouahle. The height of breast- 

ing upon the Sjôhn vein is ninety yards—upon the 

Lewis fifty yards. The gangway has been driven ui) 

the Spohn, to a distanci.-. of 300 yards, and on the 

Lewis about iiOO yards— hoth veins are of a north 

Jiileh. Ah-. Uicn irlU n ihai if the demand woulni 

•each vein, at lea.st sixty tons per day. This properly 

t)elongs to the Vdllry Furnace Tract, and is leased 

"by Mr. Uren. 

THOMPSON & pi:?. NMAN'S COLLIERIES. 

The next colliery in regular order as we pass up 

'the Casca-Williani ruad, is 'I'hompson & Pennman':::. 

who are operating ou th>'. ,dJ(un Siahl tract, in the 

Veins which were .spjiu :i by J. C. Circovius, about 

four years agn 'l'ii!':C v'. ins are supposed to be Ih-.': 

Peacli mountain vei.;s- ihe coal is red ash, of su|)l- 

•jiof ipialiiv., ;;.nd 1.;'-:; a hijh reputation abroad. Ti 

pitch of the vcui is incguk.r. Messrs. Thompson k 

•Pennni.ui ar;^ now working the drifts, desigtiaied .s 

No. I, and No. ;d. Tiicyliave penetrated about :jr.a 

.y , J ; into u;..cli, Mud are t.king out beautiful coal 

VV

354 HISrCiRY 

0.- hCIIUYLKILL COUNTS. 

iMTRICl'L'S COLLIERIES. ^ 

These ;|ic cumcd on by Mr. John Patrick, \vliO : 

connects v/ilh the Casca-William's road, by about \ 

half a mile of lateral railway, and is about one mile \ 

from Miildlcport. Tac vein, which is hi good ordrr, 

and producing exocli' ut coal, is about 4^ feet llji:;l:, 

cMiimanils fiO vîrd., /f breasting, and is worked in. 

by gangway, 'to tli. distance of about 200 yr.r'ls . 

Tlie property upon which these mines are locn.ted, •; 

belongs to Mei*rs. 'I'nms & McCanles, and is estimat- _ 

cd as valuable. 

As we proceuvl up the Casca-AVilliam's road, ili'^ 

next and L.ol colliery we arrive at, is 

THE MIISIC HALL COLLIERIES. 

These uunes ii:e worked ))y Messrs. Spayd & hv., 

iher, at the extitiuie end or head of the Casca-William's 

road, abo.it 2 nnles from Middleport. Th^ 

term "Music Hall," origmated thus—one of fne 

houses buid upon the land was occupied by a nLiraber 

of GermaUN, who papered one of the rooms, (ai: 

unusual thmg in diai district) and anrused tliemselves 

in that ro.nn v/itl. .arious rnusical instrumenl^— 

hence the name. Messrs.. Spayd & Luther are wnri,mg 

but one vein.— it is first quality white ash, aiMl 

is known as the Raven vein. Tliis vem is twent/ 

feet thick, jdiches nearly perpendicular, and is v, orked 

difl'erently fn-m miy other vein in the region. 

They have already penetrated into the vein a distaiicî 

,)f about lialf a miic. and taken out irom it , in immense 

quantity of excellent coal. Messrs. S lv L. 

Jjave Greeted a plivtform at their mines for bn .king 

oal, x4M\ u done ujon a large iron l)lale, about 6 

J 

_ 

\ 

'

IlIi'l'uUY OF :^CUUVJ,KILL COUNTY. 355 

'eet by 20 I'cet, havii^g octagoiuil holes the size of the 

oal they wish* to prepare, There are scliutes ar- 

ringed above tlio platform for the purpose of distriuting 

the coal fairly over it, and the wliule arraugeneiit 

works adinira.bly. We are assured tiiat 20,000 

ons of coal amuially cau In; mined from the Raven 

vein, if the dcniaud siiould warrant it. Connected 

With this colliery are 18 hou.ses for miners' dwelhngs, 

along M'ith olbur necessary buildings. The tract conitains 

al;oat 2ii acres, nnil is owned by the operators, 

Messrs. Spayd lii Latiicr, I'here are several other 

,veins u},'OU it, of boili reil 

never yet beeir oi;encd, 

uul white ash, which have 

riie Casca-AViiiianr's r:ulroad is, in whole lengtji, 

about two miles, aiul i.: 

operatives who use it. 

ivupt in good order by the 

Passing down tbe Sehuyfkill Valley railroad from 

Middleport, v\rhich was the last point mentioned, we 

meet with no collieries luitil we come to Lick run, a 

distance of -l.i miles fro;ii J'>.rt Carbon, and Ij nnles 

i\om Mitldlcjxni. A l.itci'.il ruad is laid up tliis run 

for a s^)ace of 530 yards in length, atthe extreme end 

of which we come to 

LICK RUN CiJLLIERIES. 

These veins belong to tiie Valley furnace tract, and' 

are leased to John Curry, Esq., who leases to Whelan 

& Co., who are no vv/^ working tliem. The veins, 

which are two, are called Peacock" and Peach mountain. 

'I'he distance bcLwocn them is about 20 yards, 

widening apart as the vems enter the mountain. 

Messrs. W. & ('o. arc now wording the Peacock vein, 

by means of ic level nbout 50 feet above the first 

opening. 'V\\c iTiscdiift was driven into the Peacock 

vein, wlien, after having entered the hill a short dist-unce, 

a tunnel was cut across obliquely hia southern 

dirci'u )ej wliich siruok tlic; Peach jnountahi. Poll:

356 iri^TGitY or schuylkill county. I' 

veins aje oT a souih pitch. The thickness of iLo j 

Peacock vein ia from Ih 

mountain from 6 lo 7 feet. 

te 9 feet, and the Peach 

The height of breast from 

| 

| 

the lower to the ii)Ji)er level in the Peacock vein i? 

about 150 feet, and about the same height from the 

upper level to the dut-cropping. Tliis would give 

^ 

100 yards of bre-islmg to tlie Peach mountain /eui, 

which is about the lieight. These veins were iirst 

opened in February^ 1S44—the operators have just 

> 

; 

got fairly under way, and their prospects now look > 

quite llatieritig. The lateral road, which is in good I 

order, wa,^^ laid b\ Mr. Curry, who has a lease upoil [ 

the veins lor 10 years. The lease authorizes a range ; 

upon the veins of one mile in length. ^ 

Returning again lo the Valley road, we hnd no eel-- 

^ 

lieries between Lick run and tlie Silver crei'l: rail- ^ 

road, which con.priês an intervening distance (jI b.alt ( 

a mile. This l:itter road is laid along Silver cix-ck 

| 

for a distance of Ij miles, in nearly a northerly di- 

^ 

rection. Passing up Silver creek from the Valley r 

road, the Iirst v/orking we anive at, is 

KijsJSLEY'S COLLIERY. \ 

This colliery is located about 300 yards froin die 

Valley r;n[road, and is worked in the hill m an east- 

erly direction. The vein is called the Palmer vx'in., 

from the fact that it was first worked by that estimable 

and enterprizing pioi'ieer of the trade, Dr. CI. G. 

Palmur. The vi'in was first opened by Spen :er Iv 

Lawler, about five years 

by DougliLity ^ Coialian, 

ago. It was then lea!:;;;!! 

who operated in till last 

March, '«vlien Mr. Kinsley connrienced working ii. 

The gangway lias been driven east a distance of 1 3(^ 

yards, and commaiids about 150 feet of breasting llie 

whole of that distaiM.e. 'I'he coal is an exceinii re'! 

asl], and at prjs>ent is 3] I'vct thick in the br. c'Suiig. 

The property is ov/ned by the ValU-y fiuiiu ' 

/.•om 

} 

Ik 

\ 

' 

\ 

; ' 

' 

f

HUTOir/- or bCUUi'LKILL COUNTY. 357 

pany, and exteiiJ.-s in a range with the vein to Lick 

' run, a distanco oi'abuu SOo yards. 

The next collif.iy vve arrive at wliilst passing u{' 

t Silver creek, is 

% 

WII.LlA:\fS &i DIVIS' COLLIERY. 

Tliis is located at the VaUey furnace, ahout 200 

yards above Kinf^ley's, and inniiediately wliere th;^ 

stage road to AiiddU-port crosses Silver creek. Tiiis 

vien was opened many years ago, and was abandoned. 

It was leased by the present firm, about two 

years ago, and they have been operating in it since 

that period. They liavc but one opening—the co;d 

is red ash, of good quality—three feet in thickness, 

seventy feet lieasting, and pitches south. The vein 

has ben worked to u distance of 2S0 yards eastwardly, 

and commands an additional range of about 600 

yards before reaching Lick run, which is the boun- 

dary. AVUhains .iv Davis lease this vein from tli. 

Valley Furnace iraci. 

Between this colliery and the head of the Silvei 

creek railroad, there are several new openings which 

have been ialely made by Mr. Gideon Bast, ol 

Schuylkill Ikiven. The veins are red and white ask'. 

ai-e in excellent order, and promise to become valuable 

and prohtable ccllienes. Mr. Bast is busily engaged 

hi perfecting the operations, and making all the 

necessary improveni.ents for the purpose of getting 

them fairly under way ; and we shall therefore deiet 

a more lengthy notice until such time as the arrangements 

shall be ,one!iided. The property upon whicli 

these veins are located, is owned by jMessrs. Anspacli, 

of Phikideiphia. The next vehis we come to are 

those located at Die head of Silver creek railroad, nud 

known a^.

35S insTOuv OF schuylkill county. 

SILVER CREEK COLLIERIES. 

These collieries arc can-ied on by Messrs. i\Iyejs « 

Si Allen, of Port Cm bon, and are valuable and e\tcn- 

| 

sive workings. TIkj disUince from the mines to the * 

Valley Rail Road, is 4' miles, making tlie wlmlc di;i. 

tance froni the })oint of shii)nient (Port Garhon) 54 

miles, Messrs. lUyurs & Allc-n are workiiij- iluec 

veins, called the Skidmore, the Raven, and the Sillyman 

veins. Thuy all pitch south about 80 degrees, 

| 

| 

| 

* 

V 

and are workeil in the same manner as tlatter vein?. 

are, viz : in breasts, by means of propping, &ic. The 

^ 

| 

height of the breasting on the Raven and Sillynun r'? 

about 100 yauls—on the Skidmore about 83 yaius. 

Tiie length of j.iijgu upon the veins, according to (he 

| 

^ 

I 

lease, is aboui if miles. The Skidmore vein is the I 

farthest north on this tract, and the Sillymau tiic 

| 

farthest south. Tlie Skidmore is worked in a Tresi- 

| 

ern dirociion 11 om the ravine, and the other two are f 

worked in an Last(^rn direction. The Skidmoru ]s U !> 

feet thick—the Raven 17 fuet, and the Sillynian x^2 

feet—all in excellent order, and producing si.me ul 

the best white [ish coal sent to market. 'I'hc Slrid^ 

more has been worked to a distance of five hundred I 

yards, the Raven live hundred yards, and the Siiiy- I 

man, six handn:d yards. The produce of the two ;' 

latter veins is all brought out through one upQU- f, 

ing. They having l)een reached by tunneling. The 

| 

distance between t!ie Sillymau and Raven being Lni ^ 

11 yards, it requiied but one length of tunnel from I 

the openinar made m the former to reach the killer. I 

IVTcssrs. Myers & ililen have M miners' 1ious'j.:>, v/orlr 

shopSj powder .magazines, stabling, &c., &lc., ;at;i,c]ied i 

to the operations, which appear to be carri(;d on indnstriously 

;ind niJihodically. We are assnrvd tiuu 

.'f the demand would warrant it, these g..'.;nluiue!.> 

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: Eed 

inSTOr-i^ OF SCIIUYI-KILL COUNTY. 355 

to thc'-Vall.y Furnace Tract, and is Ica.ecl 

of tliat coi.ipau/ by the preseat operators. 

L We now rri.uii lo .Ke junction of tlie Silver creek 

' 

! ironi Port CarboK, an , pa.. down ^^« 

J^^^J'^^ 

[ S 

; ce^Ln 

w kcd out above v.ater-level, and with the oxof 

two opening., wh.ich are worked ioi Mi,. 

for one iDile, to tks ir.icl known as he l^'^^'ow & 

Fvan^ tract. The veins ai this ponrt, liave nearly all 

toct without the aid of stationary enguies, and we 

i:y 

' THE 

UMOK COLLIERIES. 

, These collieries aro now worked ^^y'^^êssrs. Wib 

Hals &8illynian, who le..ed the tract^tth^^^^^ 

die of February, lS-14, (roni the Mesîs. lunsity 

The veins aredie Spohn and ^^^^^^ 

^^^^r^^'^ 

worked below the w.ter.-level,by ineans ot a^^f ^lo 

Tv en-ine, which islocated about hal way betwee 

Sre twS openuigs. 'inns engine was irst put np by 

Aden & LawtSn, for the purpose ot working th 

Lew s vein, do wn winch a slope of 70 yards has bee 

j 

w^ I Some nine alierwards a perpendicular siaU 

va sunken on the Spolm vein, (which lies about tO 

•^ "unah of the Lewis,) and the engine was i.v 

Ic rod. for the purpose of working both veins tu. 

Ia.no time. T.His shaft was put down under the o - 

: P of TW3.. J. Riag..ayjr., an cxpeueiiced euu'-

350 III^TOIlV vr SCHUYLKILL COUNTV. 

neer of this caiKity, and is found to work admirably, 

It is about 120 feet ])erpendicular, and the coal is 

raised to tlic top of the shaft, which is about 40 feet I? 

above the raihoad, by means of chains and pulleys, | ' 

worldng from a drum in tlie engine house, 'i'he I 

chain is 345 feet in length, and is made strong, and |.: 

capable of bearing a heavy weight. Tlie lessees loll |^ 

us that the chain, broke some time since, w.hen the 

car laden with coal was about — from the bottem of 

|. 

|^ 

the shall, and the crash was tremendous, the car being 

broken into a liiousand splinters. No person. 

however, was injured, and we are assured by the operators 

that they have not had the slightest accident 

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|v 

r 

to occur aliout thqir mines, from tbc period when they 1:. 

first topk charge .,f tlienu 'J'his we thought rather 

singular, as the lust impression was, that (he working 

of a perpendicular shaft would be nmcli more da nger- 

Qus than any cnher. lioth veins will average more 

than four feet in tliiekness. They pitch south of the 

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Spolm 25 degrees, and thp Lewis 3;3 degrees. The 

Lewis vein is now idle and nearly tilled with waier. 

The oparalives may choose to work it again at some 

future day, biif dp not design doing so at pn^scnt 

t. 

1 

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both veins have been worked about 530 yards in 

length, and the whole length of range permits a 

working of JJOO yaids The coal liom the Spobn 

vein when brought to the top of the shait, is unloaded! 

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ipto a scljute and by means of screans, brakers, &c., I 

is prepared for shipiuent by the tipie it reaches ihe ^,. 

bottom. Tlie engiiuj used for hoisting and i)umping, 

is of 30 horse power, \Yas made by Haywood & Sny- [ 

der, and is said to bo one of the very best pieces of f 

machiuei-y in the couniry. 

I 

The surrouuding liouses upon the tract, make qvatc; | 

a town ill ap|)earadce, and the place is better ki;ovvn fin 

this eounty by the Welsli name of " Cun.bola," [. 

than any ether. \* 

Oil lb., same (raet, about 200 yards north of ^V!^ 

J 

ijams & S!llyina!i.'s weaLs, v/e hud another ei.'ilierv 1 

;

Illbrour OF SCilUYLKILL COUNTY. 36 J 

vrorked also b)' a stalioiniry engine of about 40 horsu 

power. It is cu the Clarkson vein, and the slope was 

put down ill 1S38 or 1S39. The slope was sunken 

and the engine erected hy the owners, who leased the 

property to W. Wallace & Co. These gentlemen 

worked the \'ciii for dnee years, when it was leased 

by Aquilla Jiolton, who is now prej)aring the mines 

for rnort! exteusivê operation. The vein is a mo.^t 

excellent red-ash coal, from 4 to G feet in width, and 

is a soiidi pilch of 35 degrees. The tract comprises 

an extent of n bout 300 acres. 

Mr. Bolton is als'j woiking the Spohn vein, above 

the water-level upoii the same tract. 

The next tract ol coal land west of Cumbola io 

known us the liohnont tract. It is owned by James 

Bell, Es(|., of Reading, and contains about 650 acres. 

This tract comprises within its limits a number of very 

valuable veins among which are the Salem, Rabbit 

Hole, Faust, Ttmnell, Black Mine, North and South 

Gate, Lewis, S[)ohiK Palmer, Chas. Pott, and Clarl: 

son veins. The ci^mpleiion of the Port Carbon and 

Tuscarora railway will add greatly to the present 

Tahie of the tract. 

BFXiMONT COLLIERIES. . 

This colliery is Avorked by our fellow-townsmar!^ 

James C. Oliver, Esq., who leases the veins froi!i 

Samuel Bell, Esq., the owner. The vein which Mi. 

Oliver now works, is the Lewis vein, and is about o 

feet thick. It is in hrst rate order, and pitches soulii. 

The coal is a prime red ash, and cannot be surpassed 

by any vein m ihe district, for qnality. This vein is 

wofketl by means oi'a slope and a stationary engine. 

The slcpe \v:is ]'nt dov/nandthe engine erected sonê 

Ciin;' in .laiiii;iiy, l.s41. The length of the slo^)'; is 

about 115 yanK. 'J'he (jiigine, which is about fuiv; 

l''Y-j'. po\\'er, was made by Maginnis—it is an e\' '"1

So!i IliST.-.i/ (!i^ SCIIUYLKir.L COUNTV. * ; 

but piece f.l inacliDicry, and the engineer teiLs as |^ 

there is no brtier in tiiu country—it lioi.sts tli^ conl 

and w'o/ks ilic juuiiiis at the same lime. The i;;'.iig- * 

way lias bciii drivi'ii m all about 440 feet, that is >' 

about 22lj ("ect (iacli sid(! (j1' ihc slu])e. This vein has | . 

been ciitii'ly work- I out abovu tlie water-lev 1, 1 y 

Messrs. Bell and Hulton, who have ojterated ilare , 

for a number of ycirs. d'he S|iohn vein, win; h i? ? 

also inchidiMl Ui Mr. Oliver's lease, lies aboui. luO 

yards Jiurfli oi ih'; [^tnvis. It is from -1^ to o feet i 

' 

thick, and is iii g\Miil order. This vein has also fiou 

worked i-ut .diinc ila; water-level, by JUdl & ll-iiMn^ 

\ 

many ycais a2i). Mr. Oliver intends working i,; by V 

means of a tnui:';!, v.hich he will drive from his { it, and will thus be enabled to | 

work both minis, aiid draw up the produce tbrougli I 

the same' ..f^pc, imd by the same engine. The liji:glli ? 

of range njjon liasu veins is abmit 1200 yards. '. 

Mr. Oliver is ;d)ont erecting one of ]3attin's bieair- J 

ing machines ai his ''ulliety, which is one of the n.-S' I 

conjidetr we ln\e i.-ver seen, 'i'he engine wiiiv-h > 

drives ibi' roiiii ^ is t>f xÔ horse power, made by Abi- '^ 

ginnis. Tlit;ic ;irc two setts of rollers—the tci Ji of ' 

the upi)er set b(;iug much wider apart than the leclh 

o{ the lo\v(n-. Mr. Oliver has iniproved upo.i ilia 

usual mediod of screening, by having a double .screen 

instead ol one long screen, as is most generally ado'pt- 't 

ed. These screens are fed, each of tltem, with a liop- ? 

per, deading from the breaking machine, and dicre 

(ian be no doabi but that it will work admii;diiy. 

The coal, which is thus i)repared, is of all sizes, fr.nn 

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pea to broken, 'idiis breaking machine is biiiii ou I 

the side ui ihe jailr.Mil, and is immediately over die f 

slope, \viii.'ii jiii.Jie. south in a dir(;(tion mider it. 

* 

As it is die ce;;i ui.ni this slojie which Mr. Oli^';i ui: 

• 

tends lu bn.id';, lii; has through necessity, hii niuai n J 

curioiLs nietlind ')'' renie'dyiug the matttsr. 'll;e w.i- ; 

£'ons are lii.iv, n npM the to]) of the slo[)e, win ,\ diey 

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iT:sf; u'loii ii iu.oveabl'j nlatforni which rises f'/". i.uA \ 

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IIISTOKY OF jCnurLKILL COUNTY. 36S 

the breaking machine so as to elevate the car upon 

a level with the railruad leading to it. The car is 

then drawn towards the machine by a chain attached 

to a drum, and v/orked h> the same engine which 

drives the rc^llers. 

Mr.Olivcr's mines arc supiirintended by Mr. Dimcan 

Weir, who is an cxcullcul practical man, and has 

derived a very vuhialil:; experience in the business 

from having bi^.'ii cucaiicd in mining on the I^ Hue 

Hill, and Scliayllciil llivcu niilroad. The dislanrti 

from 1110 .Hci.iiout r..jlii'.ii;:s to Port Carbon is U 

rail OS. 

We now camo to :i ;

304 FiilbTOHY oF SCHUYLKILL eOUNTT. 

drifts Upon Uie s'lnic vein, each commanding aloiu 

50 yards ol" breasting. He has driven the upper level 

to the distance of 300 yards, and the lower as iar as 

400 yards. The vein, which is an excellent red ash, 

pitches south, and is -lA feet thick. This vehi was 

worked many years ago, hut was abandoned, until 

Mr. Richards took it. It is attached to the râgiG 

Hill tract, and the leases are given by John G. Howes, 

Esq., of Port Carbon, who, is one of the owners, and 

9lso agent for the tract. 

I'i'i'ZSl.MMON'S COLLIERY. 

This colliery is situated a short distance above d.c 

last mentioned place, and about one mile irom the 

Valley railroad. It is worked by Mr. James I'itz- 

Simmons, an enicrpxizing and practical business man 

of this district. AIj. Fiizsimmons is working a vein 

which is similar in appearance to the Peach n onn- f 

tain vein. It is froju a to 9 feet thick—pitches .yMUh, 

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and connuands about SO yards of breasthig. The f 

coal is a good r^d ash, and the vein is in good \/ork- 

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ing order. The vein is worked in to the distance oi 

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600 yards, and ihe length of range upon the vein i^ 

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about 1000 yards. This vein is also attached lo tiie I 

Eagle 11 ill iract. 

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The next colliery on the Eagle Hill railro .J, i- 

about 200 yards abo\Ae the last mentioned (Fitzsiju 

I 

mon's) colliery, und is called | 

HENDEliSON'S COLLIERY. 

This vein is IrM.ed by E. Q. & A. Henderson, x^Lc ^ 

have been working it (or about two years. Tbi; vein f 

IS an excellent red ash, is from 4 1 to 5,i feet thick, I 

pitclies south, and is considered to be the real Peach f 

Cionntidii vein. There are two drifts ui)on tin.: vein li 

iipen diUcr'/nt 1. vds. each driit commanding aboiU 1; 

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f HlCTCRt Oi? Sr/iiUYLKILL COUNTV. 365 

45 yards of breast. Tliey liave Avorked the gangway 

on the lower level to the distance of about 400 yards, 

and on the upper level 250 yards. Tlie length of 

range upon this vein is about 1100 yards. 

This colliery is about one mile from the Valley 

i-ailroad, and about 2? miles from the canal at Port 

Carbon. The faciliii(;s foi transportation are there- 

fore very favorable: . and upon the completion of tlni 

new railroad, collieries in tins neighborhood will possess 

an advuntageous location. The Messrs. lieu- 

derson's colliery is under the superintendence of JMr. 

Charles Henderson, brotinr of the owners, and from 

the manner in which iho cnal is prepared for market, 

we would pre(li>;t a coiUinaal and steady salr;. In 

connection with tiicc i].)U s we would state that a 

vein of argillaceous iron fjre, about one foot in thickness, 

is found overlayiiig ilie lop slate of the Peach 

mountain vein, and it is supposed to follow it the 

whole distance of the working. 

From Henderson's colliery to the extreme end of 

tlie Ivigle Hill railroad, liiere arc several collieries 

opened under die direction of .1. G. Hewes, and superintended 

by Edward Perry, Joseph Green and Llewellyn 

JVlorgan. As these veins have been but late- 

ly opened, and as wo have failed in ourelfort to procure 

the correct distances, &c., we are compelled to 

give them this passing notice. 

, Returning to the point v^^here the Eagle Hill rail 

road branches oif froni die Valley railroad, Ave then 

pursue our regnlar direction down the latter without 

meeting any collieries until we come to another la- 

teral road, which branches otf from the main road at 

H'ight angles, and coiUnmes in an easterly direction 

through a j>iece of low laarsliy ground, for about a 

quarter oi a KiiJo, wlien il reaches the western spui 

ofaliill ic.iown Ah die '•'J, ear Ridge. '^ This ridgt. 

contitUK s fiooi luis ()ui!,i i;: an easterly direction un- 

bi\!; ,:i as ia.r ;. 

••' 

; Middi.:-].!':. rl. It contains a iiuinbi

3(l(i HISTOKY OF' SCrirTYLKILL COUNTY. i- 

oi" veins, in tlio worlang of which a great deal of crq-- |. 

iial has been expenihid. At the spur of this ridy e the 1 

railroad teruiinaiL's ;it a working known as |-- 

.)Ar\IES iJiCKliY'S COLLIERY. | 

Mr, Berry is worLing a low level of the Tnui-.i 

vein. It IS 4f'oi ihi.'k, pitches sonth, and comnaiid.- 

| 

! 

about GO yaiJb' orid'casiing. The first opening v/as 

mad.; many years ;.mj by T. Sillyman, Esq. Tlic 

railroad was l;iui by Mr. Andrew B. ^Vilile. ,vbc 

owns the projôiiy. Mr. Berry has worked the gangway 

to a distance of abont 1400 yards, and has aixjiu 

800 yards yet to- go before coining tothe line—ii ? tia< 

f_^ 

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been woiking ibis vein abont one year. 

' 

t, 

Returning t(( ilr..' junction of this lateral road ^viii. 

the Schu}Hnll A^.-lley roadjtlie tlrst collieries we coni'j 

to, are 

TIIF. biUFAST COLLIERIES. 

These colbVan s aie situated immediately on ih: 

Valley railroad, about one mile from Port CaiLa-n, ] 

and are worked by A. Bolton & Co. These gcnde- j • 

men havti made o])(.iiings here into, three veins -the ^\ 

JJlack Mine, RaLI)it Ifole, and North Salem. Tlie.se 

fvary 

in thickness from 2', to 7 feet, and have a soatlt ! 

pitch of about 35 degiees—Uiey haveail been opened ; 

iliis spring, arc in good order, and with the proper ] 

facibties could be made to yield from 10,000 to 1 5.000 I 

ions per annum. They are all opened upon tiie ir.ict 

| 

belonging to Samuel Bell, Estp, but continue on, by > 

right of a leai-e, tluough the "Junction Tract." The < 

whole length ol" range is about 1000 yards. 'J'be j 

Coal is a first quality rod ash, and the veins are so 

^ 

celebrated and well known throughout the trade. That 

all comment fronj us would be needless. The Me.isrs { 

I'olioi! haA'c made the usual arragementS; by laL.iir:. 

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I %. 

mSTOTlY OF SriiifYLKlLL COUNTT. 367 

of breaking platc^, &c.. lu prepare their coal in first 

rate order, lor tlie niarlo^t. 

Between tlio.sc workiiigs, and tlie Eagle Hill rail- 

road, Uicie are oilier old openings, wineli liiive not 

been in operiilioii Cur several years. 'J'liat they have, 

been extensively wo'vlaid at some past day, is evr^ 

denced hy tlu- innivjusc li-ajjs of coal dirt, and refuse 

matter, v/hich remains piii d up about their entrances, 

and when our iij.'ders l;r r in mind these veiiis liave 

only been oiJ^nUcd in al.ovc water-level, they will 

uudeibtuiil how -^'r.i ;i mass of coal still remains un 

worked even in iLar >j/;(l;'. 

.'AboutaOO y.ud^ l.'io^y the Belfast collieries, uh 

come to anotnor iaili j:'(I, which niak»es an. acute an 

gle, at its junction widi the Valley railroad, and tra- 

verses in an easterh din.ction, the valley lying between 

the "Boar Uilyc" and the Sharp mountain. 

This railroad is aljoin >>n'j mde in length, and was 

leased by Patterson & Sillymaii, about the year 1S3G, 

The lirst coUiei y upon this road, which is called the 

lower J5ear Kulgu liiilioad, is 

lli:EI5Ni:!i't:i CULLIKRY-. 

This workiuL': is i.ôn two tracts—the drift is eon^ 

menced and driven in on land belongingto Mr. A 

B.White, but extends into a tract owned by Mi 

Moses Palmer, iVoni winch the coal is now mined 

The vein is the 'i'unn. I vein, about 4 feet thick, pitclu :' 

south, and connnands about 30 yards of breasting 

The coal is a celebrated red ash, of first quality. Tin? 

vein was first op-ned in J 830 or 1837, and was m 

commenced l.y Air. lieebnur, in the. spring of 18 U> 

The lengdi oi'inige upon this .vein is 1200 yards, ami 

the mine i.^ al present iii rxcellent order. Thisc(iliery 

is under d.'c siiperirnaidence of Mr. James Ber- 

ry, who i^. a good p;;!eti:id man, and an excellent 

U'-ii, .,-.

3()8 in.-.Touy op schuylkill countt. 

Passing up the Bear Ridge road, we find Ini uim. 

other colliery now in operation, which is situated al 

the liead of the road, and was commenced on Wednesday 

labt, hy Hertzog & Guiterman, This vnia was 

opened many years ago by Thomas Sillyma:i; and 

remained idie for some time before the present I'-jSci-a 

took it. 

At this point, at; well as at Ileebner'scoUieiiLS, ai;- 

built a nurnber of miners' dwelhngs, which from then 

number and regularity makes each colliery appear | 

like u sniall villag."—both places must contait' nearly 

50 houses, 

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Mr. .1 . G. liowes is also working a vein in tbu Shfirji I 

mountai'i, aiif ut a tpuirter of a mile from PuU Carbon, 

on tlie land belonging to lîppincott (Si Kmh lnlpji. 

The co;d is inought out of the vein throngha I'UDui, 

whicli was driven t)y Mr. Randolph's direction, many 

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I 

years ago. This mine has no lateral road connecting 

| 

1 

with the main roiid, and conse(piently the oi)erator » 

•is compelled in baid the coal in wagons and

HISTORY OF ijCnUYLKILL COUNTY. 369 

This vein is a notable red ash—four feet in thickness, 

and is an excellent, pine coal, Tlie vein pitches 

south at an angle of about 35 degrees. Mr. Chillas 

has already opened ten breasts in it, which are all 

yielding good coal— the hiight of these breasts is between 

GO and 70 yards. The length of range upon 

this vein at the water-level is 1775 yards, about 350 

yards of v/hich have already been driven by gangway. 

On the present level at which the mines are 

worked, they will have a distance of 300 yards yet 

to drive, hut at the water-level the length will be increased 

as above. Tliit' vein, if properly worked, 

could be made to yield about 6000 tons, from now 

until the close of the season. The mines are in tirsl 

rate condition, and everything promises a favorable 

and profitable return. 

The next vein we crnne to is upon the same tract, 

about 70 yards north of the latter vein, and are 

BOLTON

370 irisTony or schuylkill county. 

liave beuii giiiJed by obscrvaliou and facts, aiTivtxl ai 

Ihroiigli our own ienîcs, and have avoided all llicsr: 

niinutia of nieasureniont and statistics, which would 

only serve lo confuse and bewilder the uninitiated ira- 

der. In oar notes Ave hive passed over, or tieatod 

with but a caisoiy n:4ice,the various o])enings wliich 

have been al> mdoued, or remain inoi)erative. There 

are new in d-ic space ot ground which hitervenes Lot^vccn 

Port Ci'ri.'un and the liead ut the railroîd at 

Tuscarora, many favorable and valuable locations lor 

coal opeiations, v.dii.di liave never been devclo}.ed. 

The reason fur 11, i ., lutherlo, has been a want oi'yuo- 

per facilities for ti-ansi)ortation. The i)resent railroad 

is badly located— has lor many years been in nn>iTa- 

hie condition, aiid is entirely tao narrow between the t 

rails to enable cars uf sufiicient size to traveriê it. 

These objections have no tloubt aided greatly in de- 

terring cai>italisls from venturing upon the route, hut 

now when the survey of a new route is in progiass. 

and all the arrangements made for putting down r- v 

new and serviceable roatl the whole distance, lo coi. . 

nect widi the gi'-U l\)tlsville and Philadeli)hia i.«:id : 

^ 

we do not,dvnow in uur whole district a more Ivivor- > 

able spot for investments. 

| 

In our next number, we shall commence at Port 

CarboUj and describe all the collieries upon the Mill 

, 

[ 

Creek railroad wliich occur between that point and 1 

the terminus of the road at the liroad moantain. ., 

PORT CARBON DISTRICT. j 

The next valley of any importance, is the IVIili 

Creek Vtilley, winch extends from the landings ui: lite 

canal at Port Carbon, to the southern foot of die 

liroad mountain. The whole extent of this ravii:e is 

tfaversedby a raiho;id called the MUl creek lailroad 

This read was first commenced in 1829, by I', ancis 

li Nichols and Pienry Morris, li;sqrs., and was taken f 

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Uli'iO'lV 0!' ^?CUl i'LKILL COUNTY. 371 

by the preseiil c.îiipahy, SKine time iu the fall of that 

'year; it is four iiriley in Icngtli, and was completed 

so that coal was hrought over it in 1830. At the fool 

of this railroad, and whhin the limits of the town of 

. Port Carbon, we nicel with the lirst collieries upon 

J- it. They are eddied 

TllK SALCM COLLIERIES. 

These culii( lies are located at the northern base of 

the Sal(in hill,.i narrow ridge which extends parallel 

with tiie river Schuylkill from Pottsville to Port Carbon. 

Both th(; collieries :tnd the hill take their name 

fiôm the Salem vein. Avhicli is every where celebrated 

for its pmity and excellence as a red ash coal. TIh; 

workings are carried on by Mr. Cliarles Ellet, who 

leases from the estate of the late Robert McDermot. 

- Tlie tract, winch is very valuable, contains about 230 

. above 

acres, and fm-nivhes.a range upon the veins of 1,800 

yards. It was first opened by Mr. Ellet in 1831, 

the watcr-level, on die soiitli side of the Salem 

hill, and the old wucking may still be perceived on 

the road between this place and: Port Carbon. Tliis 

drift was worked for about four years, when it was 

I abandoned, and Mr. E. had a slope sunken on the 

north side for the. purpose of working the vein below 

the water-level. The lengdi of tlie first slope which 

' was 

^' for 

put down ^vas 300 feet. An engine was erected 

the purpose of hoisting and pumping, which is 

still in operation.. It is from the workshop of Haywood 

& Snyder, and is pronoimced an excellent piece 

of machinery. The vein was worked by means of 

this engine fur tbree years, and' in that space of time, 

the coal was lain-jd out for 1,200. yards west of tlie 

slope. At this time, in conLicqiience of the increased 

and extended operations of the collieries, it was found 

necessiny to put down a GOdiurse engine, to be used 

for pumping aloi-e. Tiie slope was then sunken te 

till ;ici:di of I'OO feet, and both engines are now ii

372 HTSTORY Oh' .'vlIIUYLKILL COUNTY. 

active operafioTi. In iKe lower level the coal lu.s 

been worked cut biu -iOO yards, which leaves the 

operator now about 700 yards of 600 feet breasting;, V 

and 800 yards of 300 f.et breasting. This ensures a 

heavy and extensive business for many years to 

come— a business which is perfectly safe and secure, 

in consequence of the vein having been thoroughly . 

proven through die upper gangway. The Saleni 

vein at this point is four feet thick, and pitciies to the 

soudi ui an angle of about 33 degrees. 

At il'.e lime Mr. Eilut commenced driving down f 

his slope on ttie nordi side of Salem hill, he also made | 

a tunnel through the hill, in order to connect the col- i' 

liery with tlie canal by a shorter route than that ho 

would otherwise have fjen compelled to take. 

| 

This lumiei is !iOo feet in length, and decreases the ? 

distance to die canal about 600 yards, while at the I 

same time the construction was advisable, as the tun- 

nel and other landings could all be elfected upon { 

\)roptnty belonging to the tract. There are four \ 

landings widi bchnljs, ollices, and railroads all buili \ 

at the souilurn niuuth of the tunnel, and are nov/ 

used for the continuel shipping of coal. A connec- 

| 

tion was made between Uie railroad leadhig through i 

the tunnel, and the Mill creek railroad, which enables , 

operators on the latlcf u» bring their coal by a shoriur ; 

route to the Lanal. tlian were they to ship it from the \ 

old landings. The construction of these landings and 

tunnel was accomplished at an expense of from S to 

10,000 dollars, Mr. Ellet has made an arrangement 

at his eollieries for the breaking of coal, upon perfora- ; 

ted iron plates, which seems to work very well, but is ; 

hiferior we think, in cheapness to the newly invented [ 

b^'caker of Battings. At Uie time we visited liic 

mines (on Thursday la'rt) every tlhng was in active 

operation, and we saw there tlie minutia of a 'v.'cli 

legul'ited and exicnsive coUiery—the steady pull' d! 

the two n.ighiy engines—the rattling of the coal .m 

tbc s' liUir ;— ;he flank'Jig of the hannncrs, and iiio 

| 

| 

| * 

j 

| 

| 

|

HliTOUV OF SCHUYLKILL COUNTY. 373 

rumble of car wheels, all tended lo impress us with 

the great importance of the trade to which these outlays 

are necessary. 

The new route of ihe Mount Carbon and Port 

Carbon railway passes Mr. Ellet's tunnel, on tlie opposite 

side of the Schuylkill, at a distance of about 

100 yards from the mouth. The connection will be 

made by a bridge across the river and canal, when, in 

all proLabilityjihe v/hole railroad trade from the Mill 

Creek district, will pass through the tunnel, and m this 

mamier, reach tiie main route of railway from Pottsville 

to Philadelphia. 

In closing our notice of this colliery we would remark 

that the slope is the deepest in the county, and 

as the Salem vein is the most southern one, and as it 

consequently must be lower on the surface than the 

rest, our readers will therefore be able to understand 

the almost inexhaustible extent of coal which must 

necessarily lie beneath the surface, at points in a more 

northerly direction, where the distance above the 

water-level, nuist naturally be nuich higher. 

We mention this J'act to show the immense resources 

which our district possesses, and also to ])rove 

how impossible it is tiiat we should live to see it exhausted. 

When our readers understand that every vein 

of coal extends beneadi the surface to a distance never 

yet peneated, and may be worked out as far down 

as power can be brought to bear upon it, they will 

perceive the great and immense supply we can create. 

In fact the coal trade of this district, although heavier 

than any in the country, is yet in its insipient state, 

and we will venture to predict, that but a few years 

in the lapse of time will roll over our heads, before 

the Schuylkill County Coal Field, in mhiing and 

manufacturing, will rival I he most important district 

of Great Britain. 

In the foUoAving articles upon the Coal Region, wc 

shall funiish a descrij)tion, minute and particular, at 

ah the coUieiies situated on the Mill creek railroad.

— 

371 niSTOilF 01.. SCHUYLKILL COUNTY. 

MILL CHEEK DISTRICT 

R0NA1J)S0N COLLIERY. 

This vein was fust worked many years ago i.y 

Me:.srs, J. vV U. Voiuig. It was also ufterwurdr-, 

worked by Mr. Win. liasbyshell, on the Mill ou'ck, 

and by Mr.'Tlios. C. Williams, on the Norwegian, .so 

that the workings met. The vein has been com- 

pletely v.'orked out above the water-level, for tli; distanee 

of 1,200 yv.nls. The gangways having met in 

the centre, there is ]iuw a complete and contiiiUCiis 

railroad passage thnmgh the hill which inierv 'liCS 

between Pottsvilie and Port Carbon, tlirongh wlu-Ui 

trains may pass I'rom the JNlill creek to the Muiiiu 

Carbon railroad. 

The present p; ojnietor of these mines, Mr. A. i;>-.. 

aldson, has had them in possession but a short inue. 

He has sunken a slope upon the Lewis vein, the dopth 

of which is about 3J0 feet below the lowest g mgway 

thii'iy (cot of this is nsed by the tank a!, die 

bottom, which leaves him a breasting of 100 yii,l.s. 

The vehi is worlced 1)y a powerful stationary engine, 

which perfoms the pumi)ing and hoisting. This en- 

•gine was put down in lh43, and the slope wa;- lirst 

sunken in Marcii, It; M. The thickness of the J .i;v/i.- 

vein at this point varies from seven feet to twelve : it 

is found m some jdaces te) the thickness of luuvb.en 

feet. Tlie lenglli of range upon the present level will 

be about 1.400 yr.rdj. 

Mr. i,'oi;ald.M:)u lias also attached to his v.^.irL: 

whieh are carried on in a complete and meiliedica.l 

manner, a broukiug n.achine upon the plan a. lop, ed 

!

m. 

HISTOlir oy .SCUUYLKILL COUNTY. 375 

by Messrs. Haywood tSi Co. The rollers are driven 

by an engine of eight horse power, which also turns 

the screens. 

Mr. Korudilsoii h;is the double advantage of sliip- 

,piiiy his euai eiiher fiuni Port Carbon or Pottsville. 

Siiould he u:ii)i tu send ;; train of loaded cars down 

by the Jicadiny raihcad, he can use the old drift 

^vhich opens oL a level Avith the Mill creek road, but 

a few yards riurti thu .schutes, and can transport his 

coal thruj-h ihu he;i;-t of the mountain, a distance of 

l,2U0 yards. Avheu it v.ill enter thelMeant Carboii 

road at the old woriiing-; t»f Mr. Charles Lawtun, at 

Pottsville. It is a icthous method, however, ami is 

but seldom us..d. 

The next opeiiii:i^- upon the MiU'creek radroail. 

"which we arrive at afler leaving the above mentioned 

colhery, is also worked f)y Mr. lionaldson. It is on 

the eastern side of I ho raih-oad, about 200 yards north 

of Haywood & Co's. operations, on the Lewis vein. 

Mr. lxon;ddsr)uat thi- imiut is Avorkiug three veins Liy 

means of ununliu^. 'I'lie lir.st luunel is iiUo the Yam 

vein—a tunnel from this point, 33 yards in lengUi, 

reaches the '* Spuhn"-—about 40 yards further north, 

it culs the '' Palmer" vi.'in— about 30 yards in the same 

direction, it will iiii;is

376 HIllTOilY OF SCHUYLKILL COUNTY. 

reached by a branch or lateral road one mile and a 

half in length, which forms a junction with the Mill 

creek railroad, at about one mile and a half from the 

landings- at Poit Ccubon. These collieries are w oi kcd 

by Mr. Sauiiiel Sillyman, one of the lirst and most 

enterpnznig operators in the district, and under his 

direction and management, have proved celebrated 

and profiiablo. The vein, which is a white ash coal, 

wellknoMai in all the different markets, is tivcntii-one 

feet hi tliickaess, and is approached by three openings 

or funnels. It is in good order and promises tu yield 

well for tlxe future. Mr. Sillyman is now driving a 

tutmel into a vein about 250 feet north of the }!resent 

working, which is ascertained to be ten feet in thick'- 

ness, and judging iVom the samples of coal t;iken 

from said vein, we have no doubt that it will busluin 

the high repulaiion which the Sillyman coal has justly 

received for the last nine years. The length of ranee 

upon these veins is about 2,500 yards. 

Attached to these rnuies are twenty-one comk.r'iable 

miners' houses, the inmates of which appear to be 

liappy and cenaenicd. The stranger, in passing up 

tlie road, is siruck with the appearance of a sn.all 

village, possesshig all the outward marks of indu.'.iTy 

and happiness, and when he remembers that but a 

few years since, this spot was the scene of a coni|/ieto 

and silent wilderness, he will see and understand the 

great stride winch improvement has made in cm- region, 

since the iirst di.scovery of that valuable mineral 

which constitutes the wealth of our district. 

SILLYMAN & EVAN'S COLLIERY. 

These collieries are located on the eastern !-.idu of 

the Mill creek, near the village of St. Clair, Ii is on 

the same vein as the above described working-- is 21 

feet ia thickness, and although one mile west of ihe 

otlier, possesses all the qualities and peculiarities 

which attach to it. 'Wa vein is entered by three 

diiftsor gangways.

HISTOriY 0i' SCHUYLKILL COUNTY. 377 

PINKEirrON'S COLLIERY. 

This colliery it, situaied on the west side' of tlie 

Mill creek, in tiie ro.vine which leads from St.Clair 

to New Castle, and exiendj westwardly from a mile 

to a mile ajid a half. 

The outside fixtures at this colliery for breaking 

and cleaning coal are close upon the Mill creek rail- 

road, with which they are connected by a short late- 

ral road of iron rails. 

The veins are cut by a tunnel driven at half course 

across the ends of them. The first is a vein of four 

feet in thickness—the next nine feet, and the balance 

twenty feet—each of these seperated from the other 

by a stratum of strong slate of 12 feet in thickness 

(measuring at right angles with the course.) Tlie 

coal in all is while a.sh. pure and hard, coninianding 

a ready sale at the btsi market price. 

Anotlier vein, 17 feet in thickness, lies north of 

these veins about 45 yards—nnd is now being tunnelled 

to from the tiO feet vein above mentioned. 

Half of the di:

•378 IIISTCUV iiP SCHUYLKILL eOUN'TY. 

The drill cars used here are difl'erenlly consliuc.ied 

from any in the region—are very strong, easily repaired, 

;ii.d iiKiiiy of iheni have been in use seven or 

eight yoavs. In consequence of wanting sufiicient 

space to sLOH'^ away die dirt and rubbisli necessarily r 

occuring from a "business of the extent contemplated 

at this colliery., and als(j for the purpose of ]jr(j aiviijg ; 

the required eli;v;itiL>n lor breaking and preparing the 

coal for uiaiirct, an inclined plane has been con iriicted 

which iy 110 feci in length, at an angle uf '2[> de- 

grees, maldiju a h-'ight of 44 feet. This wor!: has 

been pat up eniiidy on trestles in the most sii'iitian- 

tial manner, and is highly creditable to the car]*uiiter, 

(Mr. J. C u[)]H::r levels in it, by a railroad f 

laid along iiie side o( the hill, to the outside tixiure.s \ 

on the odier veins. The breasting on the 17 !( .,t vein J 

before inendumd, will have a height of SKJO fi i

f 

' way 

IIISTOKY OF SCHUYLKILL COUNTY. 379 

This colliery promises tu 1;ecome, in a sliort time, 

one of tlic most extensive; i;. the district, and we liave 

[? -heard it remarked j.y those wlio know the capacity 

of tlie. works, that it might be made more important 

• and 

•llian any other concern) in llio region. 

MAftlMO'l'll COLLIERY. 

This colliery is situated four miles north from Port 

Carbon, on the west side of Mill creek. It is leased 

worked l)y Joseph G. Li'.v'ton. 

,; These mines are very interesling to those visitors, 

who desire to ex.iniiiio ihe mode of working those 

resources of wealth, and to witness where advantages 

may he obtained in the coal trade by a judicious application 

of labor. TIkj vein worked is tlie celebrated 

Mannnoth or Daniels vein, long worked by George & 

WuL Payne, about lour mile^ west of this colliery, 

and is known to yield coal belter adaj)ted to the 

munufaetnring ol' iron tl an any other in the regioji 

the coal being of iln.' b^^l wliiie ash, ])nn! ami hard. 

The vein at this i)lace varies Irom 1(J to )i2 feet in 

thickness, and pitches nt an angle of from 23 to 90. 

The coal is raised from die gangways by an engine 

of twelve horse power manufactured by our enter- 

prizing townsman, L. ^V. ArGennis, and does credit 

to his well known stdll. 'i'his engine, which by the 

is the iirst engine ereeted in the region in a 

wlute ash vein, for hoisting coal, raises the coal Ibrtytwo 

feet above the level of the JNlill creek railroad, 

thereby giving ample height for the schutes which are 

put up on such a plan, fhal scarcely a shovel need 

be used hi all 

;ess Ml' unloading, and loading 

;

1 

3S0 IllStOl'.V OF SCHUYLKILL COUNTY. | 

which discharge about 1,500 gallons a day. AVii^ ; 

is not used after first supplyhig a trough at ih^ rloot^ 

of the stable, made in one of the exhausted brouytingil 

for the accommodation of the horses used in the mine, |, 

which do not leave their dark abode except en Sun-i; 

- 

day, is allowed to run down tbe side of the hill agaihV * 

to join those waters from which it had been separated j 

some hundred yards back. 

| 

The mines are drained by means of a tmmci:;boi",| 

one hundred and fifty yards long, which w.is coni-j . 

menced in 1841, jiid driven at great expens'i mostly j 

through a close grained conglomerate rock, which | , 

scarcely app ^-tred to yield to the elforts of the bard- 1 ij 

working miners, and was finished in 1844, ^ 

The internal arrangement of the mine is admirablv | ) 

' 

calculated to facilitate business. The ruads are dl {> 

laid Willi heavy railroad iron— it being of tlie same j,' 

size as that used on the mill creek railroad, 

Holes arc made from the gangways to 

down which the timber for the use of 

the sm face, f 

the mines is 

^ 

thrown, imstead of loading it into the cars at ihe he:id j 

of the slope, and thus causing detention. Y'^ 

The proprietor of this colliery is now erecting a !•water 

power sufliv:ient to drive a saw mill, and break j 

and screen bis coal. The latter will be done or. the j; 

Battin principle, by two rollers, which lie thinks will ybe 

sufllcieiit, as it is not his intention to break mere j 

tliaii can pos:iibly be helped. He, like other dealers j 

iu while asli coal, has more demand for large or 

îj'4'' 

m- 

yJS' 

CllAr'L'EIi, V. 

^' , EDUGATIO>r. 

k '...Common Schools wrro ol" course encouraged as 

I '.won as the first settlers hnd cleared a field or two, 

I 

I 

|1 

erected a lew houses, and inada such other improvements 

as their emergencies demanded. The School 

Master was ahroad. In some instances, especially 

among the Germans, as it A'/as an early custom 

among them, a person was employed who discliarged 

f both the duties of the Pruliger unci Schuimeister. 

Sucli persons they hrouglit with them when they first 

emigrated to this countiy. Nevertheless, schools 

among the (Icrmans wciu ia u most dcplorahle coul 

dition I'or many years, Ou (he arrival of the Kev. 

: Muhlenherg, in 174e,anil the iiev. Michael Sclilatter, 

ill 1746 ; the former a I.utlieran, the latter a German 

Reformed minister, uncensing efforts Avere made by 

I those fathers of the Germrai churches in Pemisylva- 

nia, to establibh schools in connection witii all tlie 

German churches. 

In 1751 an efibrt was nuxde which promised to be 

crowned with more than ordinary success, to estab- 

lish a school in Pennsylvania. About that time, or 

shortly before, the Rev. Schlatter, had returned to 

Holland, and on his reprcsenuition of the destitute 

condition of the Germans here, to the churches in 

Holland, a schemo was started by some noblemen of 

Europe^ for the insLiuciion of Germans and their debccndants 

in Pennsylvania. These foreign gentlemen 

v.'ii. iruly concerned lo find that any of theii

382 inviuitr op schuvlkill county. 

lullow siibjLCLs, 111 part of the British dominiony, were 

not iVilly pvoviilod with the means of knowledge and 

salvation They eonsidered it a matter oi the 

grcaKrst inip^jrlaiiee to the cause of christianiiy in 

general, and die jnotestant interest in partieiilar, nol 

to neglect snch a vast hody of useful people, sii'iatcil i 

in such a d;iik., l:arren region, with almost iioiio lo I . 

jn'oteci liir.m. or riv.;ir helpless children, who ari- coa;- • 

ingfordi iu n'lilliuides, and exposed an easy jiicy lo » . 

the total ignorance of their savage neighhoi.. on ihe , 

one liand; .md die eorrui)tion of their Jesaitic.il cue ' ^ 

Uiies, on uhoi:: ihcy hordered, on die othci 'ij)i(]: 

and of whom dieie were always, perhaps, toe many 

mixed among them. ]Moved by diese intercsuug 

considcrnuous, tlicse noblemen and others, did accoid- 

, j 

' 

ingly lake iln; good design into their immediate pro- 

' 

tection, and ibinied themselves into a society for the j 

elfectnal inan.igenicnt of carrying out the scheme ol 

' 

^ 

instrucdiig the lierrnans. 

: 

Below there is. a detailed account given of 'ichial 

ter's success 

'•A brief liistory of the rise and progress ui ih, 

charitable s

1 

; 

HlSTOliY OF SCmiYLKILL COUNTY. SSS^' 

froni'timi; to time, iii i!)(- most solemn and moving' 

iJid manner, enlreatod the cliuiches of Holland, to 

tliel commisseiate iheir unli.ijipy I'cllow christians, wlio 

in motnn under the d rjust atllic.tion, heing settled 

lot ill fi remote eorner oi' the world, where the light of the 

:ed gospel lias hnt laiely reached, and where they are 

to very mnch destitute of Uie jueans of knowledge and 

11., 

to 

le 

e-. 

salvâtion. 

"The chin'che.s of lfi;lland^. being accordingly 

moved wilh fiie)i>lly e.Mii|M;,siun, did from time to 

time, coniiihile ;>:* lla; i>,,))l"^t of religion in these remote 

pans. IJut ii. ilu; year 1751, a very movhig 

^ representation of Jii-Mr .siale having been made by a 

p person, whose urwi ul -1 labns jbr the benefit of his 

dear countrymen hiv( Ijeen for sumo years conspicuous, 

the states ul' 1 lollaii'l aial West Frisland, granted 

2,000 gilders -per auiut}:

384 HISTORY Oi- SCHUYLKILL COUNTY. 

mentjlike ihat of Great Britain, the case is far olhtr- 

wise. I3y its very nature and spirit, it desires CA'êry 1 

member of tiic coinniiuiity 

knov/ledgc, and es])ccially 

enlightened with li'.eful 

the knowledge of the 

\ 

bless'jd gospel, which contains tlie best and niost f 

powerful motives for making good subjects, as will i 

as good njcn. Considered in this light, Mr. Tiioni- f 

son's design could not fail to be encouraged in uur • 

mother country, since it was evidently calculated to 

save a multitude of most industrious peoj)Ie from die 

gloom of ignorance, and qualify them for the

inSTOlU' CF SCHUYLKILL COUNTY. 385 

and worLliy persons. They were truly concerned to 

find tliat there wore any of their fellow subjects, in 

any part of the British dominions, not fully provided 

with the means of knowledge and salvation. They 

considered it a matter of tlie greatest importance to 

the cause of Christianity, in general, and the protestant 

interest in particidar.. not to neglect such a vast body of 

useful people, situated in a dark and barren region, 

witii almost nor.e to inslruct them, or their helpless 

cliildren, who are coming forward in the world in 

multitudes, and exposed an easy prey to the total 

ignorance of ihcir savage neighbors on the one hand, 

and the corruption of our Jesuitical enemies, on whom 

they border, on the other hand; and of whom there 

are always, perhaps, too many mixed among them. 

Moved by these interesting considerations, the said 

noblemen and gentlemen, witli a consideration peculiar 

to great and generous souls, did accordingly take 

the good design into their immediate protection, and 

formed themselves into a society for the etfectual 

management of it. 

"The first thing said society did, was to agree to a 

liberal subscripuon among themselves ; and, upon 

laying the case before the King, His Majesty, like a 

true father of his peo}ile, granted ^61,000 towards it. 

Her Royal Highness, the Princess Dowager of Wales, 

.granted £J00; and tlie honorable proprietors of this 

provhice, willing to concur in every design for the 

ease and welfare of their people, generously engaged 

to give a considerable sum yearly for promoting the 

most essential part of the undertaking. From such a 

fair beginning, and from some hopes they reasonably 

Finlater, and Lord VVilloughb), jf Parhatn. Sir Lulre Schaub, 

and Sir Joshua Van Neck, Earonets. Mr. Conimisbion Vernoii, 

Mr. Chitly, and Mr. Fluddyer, Aldermen of London. John 

Bance Hoberi Fiirgason, and Nathaniel Paice, Esqrs., of London. 

Kcv. Beiijamin Avory, L. L. D., Rev. Thomas Bircti, D. D., 

Rev. Mr, Casper Wetstein, Rev. Mr. David Thom&on, and Re», 

Samuel ('haiKllor, Secretary. 

Y

386 HISTOKY OF SCHUYLKILL COUNTY. 

eiiteilaiii ofa more public nature, the honorable society 

doubt not oC their being able to complete such a iînd 

as may ellectiially answer their pious design, in lime 

coming. In the meantime they liave come to the fol- • 

lo wing general resohi tions, with regard to tlie manage- I ^ 

ment of Iho whelc : 

| 

"I. To assist ihe people in the encouragement of 

pious and ijidustrious protestant ministers that are, or ! 

shall be regularly onlained and settled among llie 

said Germans, ov ilieir descendants, in Ameiica; 

| 

])eginning tirst in INmnsylvania, where the waht of 4 

ministers isgreat'-'isl. wad proceeding to the neigl.bor- j 

ing British ci^lonies, a^ 

increase of llieir fund.;.. 

they shall be enabled by 011 

*'II. To establiish some charitable schools for the \ 

pious education of German youths of all denorniua- '\ 

. 

f^ 

tions, as well as iho.sa English youths who may leside 

among them. Now, as a religious education of 

youth, while the tender mind is yet open to every 

| 

f ;, 

impression, is the most effectual means of making a f 

])e()})le if/.M,', otrlu(m.\ anil happy ^ the lionorable so- 

ciety have declaied that ihey have this part of iheir 

design, in a paili(n:ilar manner, at heart; it being- f i 

chictly from the care that shall be taken of the rising I 

generatiun, that diey expect the success of their whole 

luidertaking. ; 

"III. The said hoiiorable society, considering that 

tliey reside at too great a distance, either to knov/" 

; 

what ministers deserve their encouragement,, or wdial 

places are most co)ivcnient to fix the schools in—and 

v 

\ 

". 

as they would neither bestow their bounty on any 

who do not deserve it ; therefore they have devolved 

^ 

I- \ 

the general execution of the whole upon us, under 

the name of Trustees General, for the manag* nient 

o( their charily among the Gemian emigrants in 

America. And as our residence is in this pr(jvince, 

where the chief body is settled, and where wi. may 

\ 

» 

; 

i 

.. 

_. 

acquaint theia widi tlij circumstances of the people, * 

j 

| 

| 

| 

| 

| 

| 

| 

f 

* 

; 

• 

; 

"^ 

' 

; 

l 

,; 

, 

' 

\ 

''- 

. 

• 

\

IIISTOUY OF .ScIluyLKILL COUNTY. 387 

the generous socit'iy hope that we cannot be imposed 

upon, or deceived, iii the cUrection or apphcation of 

their excellent chafiiy. 

" IV. And lastly, considering that our engagements 

in other matters, would not permit us personally to 

consult with the people in the country, nor to visit 

the schools as olien as it might be necessary for their 

success, thehuiiorable society have, out of their true 

fatherly cnre, ujipoiuted the Rev. Mr. Schlatter, to act 

under our direciioii, rts Visitor or Stipervisor o( the 

the scliooh;, knowing iliat lie lias already taken incredible 

pains in tliio \idiolc alTair, and being acquainted 

wit) i the people in all parts of tiie country, can 

converse with iheia on diC ;-;pot,and bring us the best 

advices from time lo tiniC; concerning the measures 

fit to be taken. 

; « This is a brief hi.story of the rise and progress of 

this noble charity, till it was committed to our management, 

under wliich we hope it shall be so conducted, 

as fully to answer die expectation of the worthy 

society, and give all reas.mable satislaction to the 

parties for whose bc;iiefit it is intended. We shall 

spare no i)ains lo inform ourselves of the wants and 

circumstances of the people ; as will appear by the following 

plan which we have concerted for the general 

examination of our irust, leavhig room to alter or 

amend it, as circumstances shall require, and time 

discover defects in it. 

: "With regard to that part of the society^s design 

which proposes the encouragement of pious protestant 

ministers^ wq shall impartially piOi)ortion tlie 

monies set apart for this par])ose according to tlie instruction 

of the said society ; as soon as such ministers 

shall i>ut it in our power sc to do, by making their 

labors and circumstances known to us, either by their 

own personal application^ or by nieans of Mr. Schlat- 

ter, or any other creditable ])erson. 

'• ;') i to tlie important article of establishnig schools,

3S8 IIISTOUY OF SCHUYLKILL COUNTY. 

the following general plan is proposed, whicli maybe 

from time to time improved or perfected. 

" 1st. It is intciided that every school to be oj)ciiea 

upon this charity, shall be eqnally to the benefit of 

protestani yourh of all denominations; and thcretbic 

the education will be in such thhigs as are geuerally 

useful to advance industry and true godliness. Tin 

youth v/ill be instjiicted in both the English and Gev- 

T'lan languages ; likewise in writing, keeping of ::on'imon 

accomits, siuging of Psalms, and the true principles 

of tlie holy proti'stant religion, in the sa^ne manner 

as the fatliers of those Germans were instructed. 

at the schools in those countries from whicli tlicy 

came. 

" 2dly. As it may be of great service to reUgio,; 

and industry, to liave some schools for girls, al>ô, we 

sliall n:;e our endeavors with the honorable society, 

to have some lev/ school mistresses encourtiged, to 

teach reading, and the use of the needle. And tliough 

this was no part of the original design, yet as the so- 

ciety have MOlhing butthegeneralgoodofal! atluari. 

we doubt not they will extend their benelaclion fee 

this charitable purpose also. 

"3dly. That all may be induced, in then' ea:l) 

youth, to seek the knowledge and love of God, in 

that manner v.dii'Mi is most agreeable to their own consciences, 

the children of all protestant denominations,. 

English and Duich, (German) shall be instructed in 

catechism of sound doctrine, which is approved of and 

used by t\ujir own parents and ministers. All unreasonable 

s)rt of compulsion and partiality is direct- 

ly opposite to the design and spirit of this vUarily, 

which is geneiPAisly undertaken to promcte uselVil 

knowledge, [rue leligion, public peace, and ChrisUan 

love, among all rar.ks and denominations. 

;'4fhly. For die use of schools, the s;veml catechisms 

that are now taught among the Calvinisf-L 

Luthcnms, ;ind other piotestant denoinin.jioijs, v;iii

, good 


be printed in Eugiish and Dutch, (German) and dis- 

tributed among tlie poor, together with some other 

books, at the expense of the society. 

" 5thly. In order thai all parents may be certain of 

having justice done to theii children, the immediate 

care and inspection of every school will be committed 

to a certain number of sober and respectable persons, 

living near the place where every sucli school shall 

be fixed. These persons will be denominated ./ii- 

sistant or Deputy Tlrustees ; and it will be their 

business, njonvhly or quarterly, to visit that partciular 

school for which they are api)ointed, and see that 

both master and scholars do llieir duty. It will also 

be their business to send an account of the state and 

progress of the schools, at every such visitation, to us 

as 'Frustees General. These accounts we shall transmit 

from Philadelphia to the society in London ; and 

the society will from tiir.e to time, be enabled, by these 

means, to lay the state of the whole schools before the 

public; and thus charitable and well disposed people, 

both in Great Ihilain and llollaiul, seeing the good 

use that has been niaae of (heir former contribtuions, 

will be inclined to give still more and more for so 

glorious and benevolent an undertaking. 

"This method canrioi fail to be of great advantage 

to the schools, since the Deputy Trustees, being part 

'Of the very people for whom the work is undertaken, 

and having their own children at the same schools, 

they nmst have an interest in the reputation of them, 

and do all in their power to advance good education 

m them. Besides this, being always near at hand, 

they can advise and encourage the master, and help 

him over any dii]i.:ulties he may meet with. 

; 

"But, Cthly. As ihe keeping up a spirit of emula- 

tion among tne youfii is the life of all schools, there- 

fore, that we may leave as little room as possible for 

tliat remissness, whicn sometimes hurts charities of 

thi:'. Niiiure, we chall, as far as our situation will per-

390 HisTOlJY 01< SCHUYLKILL COUNTT. 

mit, have a personal regard to the execution of lliu 

whole. As the Assistant Trustees may often want 

our advice iii rcnioviug difficiUties and making new '; 

regulations, we shall so contrive it, that Mr. Schlat- 1 

ter shall ho pr'..'seht witji them at their quarterly meet- f 

iiigs, to consult witli them, and concert the pro[)'jr » 

measures to he taken. Besides this, we shall have | 

one general visitation of the whole schools every yoar, I 

at which one or more of us shall endeavor to he })re- | 

sent. On these occasions, such regulations .shall he ! 

rnadij, as nuiy bu v,-:uited ;andcarel'ul inquiry will \yj. 

1 

made wiiether any [lareiUs think themselves iiijiircLl 

by any unjust exclusion of their children from an equal 

{ 

i 

benefit of the ccunnon charity, or by the partiality of 

the masters or olherwdse. At such visitations, hoolis 

will be given as rewards and encouragement, l!j the 

| 

| 

\ 

diligent and deserving scholars. The masters will 

likewise have pioper marks of esteem shown tinm in 

proportion to their fidelity and industry in the dis- 

cliarge of their oflice. 

"7thly. With regard to the number of schoi.-ls Ij 

be opened, tha' u ill depend partly on the encouragement 

given by ihe jieople themselves, and partly on 

the increase of the society's funds. A consideral-'le 

nundjer of places are proposed to fix schools in ; but 

' 

none are yet al).ôhitely determined upon, but Nev.' 

Hanover, New Pj-ovîdence, and Keading* These 

places were first fixed upon because tlie ])eople «>f all 

persuasions, Lulheraus, Calvinists, andotber Protest- 

< 

| 

] 

"• 

ants, moved with a pious and fatherly concern fu.- the 

illiterate state of their helpless children, did, with tnte ! 

Christian harmony, present tlieir petitions, -pr;iy;ng » 

*Since ihe oriiînalpni.lication, peliiions have been sera to ih', I 

' 

Trustees General, frcn Upi)LT Soll'oit, from Vincent tuwn.-iiip, in 

Cheater county, froia the borough of Lancaster, from Tulj ehock- 

en,ai:il several other pljccy, all of which will be conbukreri .-".s 

soon as possible, reh. 25, 175.5.— /ê/mu. Gazette. 

NoTi..— Schools weri also established in 1750, beii.i..5 tr.f; 

pbces mentioned, at Lancaster, York, i^âston, and serera! oife^- 

\ 

\ 

places '_ 

| 

j 

| 

[

ITISTOKV 01.' SCUUV'LKILL COUNTY. 391 

'that their miniGrous children of all denominations in 

th€se jiarts, might be made the common object of the 

intended cliarity. And for this benevolent i)arpose, 

tliey did further agree to offer school houses in wliich 

their children might ho iiistrncted together, as dear 

fellow Christians, rodeomed by the same common 

Lord and Saviour, and travellhig to the same heavenly 

country, through tins valley of tears, notwithstand- 

ing they may somotiniestalce roads a little ditferentin 

point,b of,smaller niuin

S92 HISTORY OP SCHUYLKILL COUNTY. 

in English, to ktiow what is doing in the comilry 

around them, and, in a word, to judge and act entirely 

for theniselves without being obliged to take things 

upon the word of others, whose interest it may be to I 

deceive and mislead them. 

\ 

"We have only further to add, that having thus 

published, in our names, a true and laitht'ul account j 

of (ho rise and progress of this excellent charity, down : 

to the present time, we hope it will candidly be received 

as such, and prevent many wrong conjecturea 

^ 

' 

and insinuations, ilial. might otherwise have lieen 

made, if we had not given this genuine and necessary ( 

information concerning it. From the foregoing plan i 

it plainly appears, tliat as the chief manageuient is in i 

the people ihemselves, it nmst he entirely their own f 

faults, if these schools do not become the greatest 

blessing to many generations, that ever was proposed / 

in this coinitry. Such, and so benevolent are the designs 

of this new society ! 

I 

} 

"And surely, now, wo may be permitted in linii 

I 

v 

name, to andrc^s you, countrymen and fellow Chris- \ 

tians, for whose lenetit the great work is undertaken 

AVe cannot but entreat you to consider, of what ini- 

| 

i 

portance such a scheme must be to you, and your S 

children afu^r yoa. VVe are imwilling to believe diat 

there are any persons, who do not heartily wish sue- » 

cess to a design so pious and benevolent. But, ii', 1 

unhappily lor thumseives, there should be any such 

among us, we are bound in charity to suppose they * 

have never yetreflected that, whilst they indulge such \ 

wishes, they are in fact acting a part, plainly repug- 

'' 

nant to the interests of liberty, true religion, and Lveli 

of human nature. | 

" Manki'id in general are, perhaps, scarcely rai.-cd 

more^ by iheir nature, above the brutes, than a man 

loell imlructed above the man of no knowledge ur I 

education ; and whoever strives to keep a peoiUe in \ 

ignorajice, nuisl cerlahily harbor notions or desi-i.s 

! 

| 

I 

! 

\ 

f

HisTORir OP schttylkill county. 393 

that are unfavorable, eitlier to their civil or religious 

liberty. For wl)ilst a people are incapable of knowing 

their own niterests, or judging lor theuiselves, 

they cannot be governed by i'ree principles, or by 

their own choice ; mid though they should not be immediate 

slavAes of the government under which they 

live, yet tliey must he slaves or dupes to those whose 

councils they are obliged to have recourse to, and follow 

blindly o)i all occasion.^, Avhich is the most dishonorable 

species of slavery. 

"But on the other haiiJ, a design for instructing a 

people, and adorning the minds of their children with 

useful knowledge, can carry nothing in it but what is 

friendly to liberty, and aUo]>icious to all the most sacred 

interests of mankind. 

, 

" Were it otherwise, why are so many of the greatest 

and best men, both of the British and German nations^ 

engaged in the undertaking ? Why have they, as it 

were, stooped from their high spheres, and even condescended 

to beg from house to house, in order to promote 

it! Is not all tbi.-^ ilono wiih tbe glorious intention of 

relieving from distressful ignorance that was like to 

fall upon you ? Is it not done with a view to call 

you up to all the advantages of free and enlightened 

subjects, capable of thinkmg and acting for yourselves? 

And shall they call you in vain? God forbid! li' 

by atiy infatuation, you sliould neglect the means of 

knowledge and eternal hap])iness, now offered you, 

think seriously what must be the consequence. You 

Avill be accountable in the sight of Almighty God, not 

only lor your own sad negligence, but for all that misery 

and slavery, which you may thereby entail upon 

your hapless olfspring to tlio latest generations. Your 

very names will be held in abhorrence by your own 

children, if", for the Avant of instruction, their privileges 

should either be abridged here, or they should 

fall a piOy to the error and slavery of our restless ene- 

mies. 

'^' 

(.'.'.a oiuhecontraiy, ifproper instructions are begui.

3!94 KispoRY OF SCHirv'LKILL C0UNT7. 

now, and const.mtly carried on among you, no design 

can ever be hatched against your rehgion or Hbci ties, 

but what you shall quickly be able to discover and 

defeat. All tJie arls of your enemies will be uf no 

avail to sever you from your true interests, as men 

and as i.'rcie.staiiis. You shall know how to make 

| 

| 

i 

*' 

\ 

the true use of all y.mr noble privileges, and instead 

of moving iu a dry ;\iid barren land, where no water 

f 

is, you and your posterity sliall llourish from aê ta f 

age, hi all ihat is valuable hi human life. A ba^'nen | 

region .shall be tnr;ied into a fruitful country, a. id a 1 

thirsty lanrl into pools of water. 'J'he wilderness and I 

solitary place slj;dl bo ghid through you, and the de- 

] 

sen shall r^yoi-c ami blossom as the rosu. Isa. J5." [ 

A school uh'ler ihis scheme was establish^ d uc [ 

Easton, in 17Jo, aswill appear from the following, 

copied Irom a paper published at Kaston, li\ l/r. ^ 

JJelrick : i 

EASTON FIJEE SCHOOL IN 1755. 

Ilie followii)-; isa true copy of the original sub- f 

scription list ti/r die ereetion of a school house, loinid i 

among a bundle ol' antitpiated papers -by a tYieiul, 

\ 

who has handed it tu nsfor publication, (184J.) '['hi f 

document goes to ];rovc that 8S (89) years aL:o, a [ 

proper spirit pervaded the settlers, as respects educa- I 

tion, and that they were cpiile as liberal as their pes- ; 

lerity, and jjorhaps more so, especially if the restricted l 

* 

means of Uie donors and the simplicity of the manners 

of the people of that age, are taken into eon- 

sideration. ., 

We have made some enquiry in relation to lii*^ \ 

building and the coniribut(n-s for its erection Our 

oldest inhabitants can give but little account of iIkj free 

school of 1755, although tla; descendants of :-everal 

whose names are subscribed, are ytit among n.-, it 

(vus V large one-:-:tory log building with a eeliar tinder 

* 

\ 

' 

\

HISTOUY OF SCHUYLKILL COUNTY. 395 

it, containing three rooms, one of them large, which 

was used as a churcli and school room. 

'^ 

Its site was a I'iav feet east of the German Reformed 

church, and was removed soon after that 

" f building was put up, about ilie time of the Revolution. 

® 

The vane which swung over the first scliool house 

^ 

r 

in Easton, is the only rclick jireserved. 

) William Parsons v/as a shoemaker, who afteri 

wards became Surveyor GLnieral of Pennsylvania. 

He surveyed and laid 'vai ;lie town of Easroii, and 

was the lirst prothonotary of the county, which was 

created by the crown, in the year 1752. Mr. Parsons 

died about that tune, and is buried in the German 

Reformed burial ground, where his tomb-stone can 

yet be seen. Of the lorly-tvvo contributors, a large 

number nnist have been biu'ied out of town. The 

villiage at that lime did not coritain half that number 

of lieads of families. 

SUBSCRU'TIONS roWAKl) l.i llDlMJ A FHEK SCHOOL HOUSE 

m:- 

W KA.TON. 

We the subscribers, being truly sensible of the great 

advantages our posterity may reap from the excellent 

charitable scheme lately Ibinied in England, lor the 

education of Protestant yoath in Pennsylvania, and 

being extremely desirous to encourage and promote 

the same, as far as in (uu- power lies, have engaged 

and agreed, and liercby do engage and agree to, and 

with William Parsons, James Martin, Peter Traxler, 

Esq., John Lefever, Lewis Gordon and Peter Kichline, 

Deputy Trustees, nieulioiied and appointed by 

the Trnstcts Gcnr-.ral of (lie, said charitable scheme, 

that each of us will pay ilu: sum of money, and do 

and perform the work, labor and service in building 

and ei-ectiDg a school liouyo, which may occasionally 

be made use ol' ns a clmreh for any Protestant minister, 

to our iuunos liereuuder respectfully set down

396 ^F SCHUYLKILL COUNTY. 

and aftixod Dated Easton, Pa., the 31st day oi 

July, A, D., 1755: 

William Saiitli. in behalf of the 

proprietor and trustees, 30£ 00s. oOJ, 

William Parsons, 5 

Lewis Gordon, 3 

Nicholas ScuU, 3 . 

Nathaniel Vernon, 3 

Peter K id i line, 

' 

2 

Christian R inker, 

" 

1 

• 

Jacob Iâ.ehman, 1 

Jacob Iviiuur, . 1 

Adam Yolie, 1 

Lewis Kiiauss, 10 

Lewis Kiotz, 10 

. 

' 

Henry Becker, 7 G 

George MicJKioi Shortz, 15 

John Sevitz, 15 

Anthony Esor, 15 

Charles Iteichart, 15 

John Wa^de 

I 

Ceorg(! JMUc^L Pecker, 1 

John Uinker, 10 

N. N., 7 G 

Daniel Geese, 

Jeremiah Candy Rassel, 1 

Paul Ml! lor, 1 5 

John J^'ricker, 1 

Pcnnsylvarda currency, ^£61 Is 

Myer Hart, 30 pounds nails. 

Paul Ueesov, 1,000 shingles, 

Jacob Miner, 12 day's work. 

Steplicu llor}), 1 week's work. 

Henry Allshou&e. 5 day's work. » 

John Horn, 5 day's work. 

John. Finley, d day's work. 

Jo!m Nich.olas Roeder, 1 week's work. 

Ijarlliolomew Hoiiman, 5 day's mason w^>il 

Robert Mdler, i day's mason work. 

' 

5 

00c

HXSTOliV OP SflUlYLKILL COUNTY. 397 

1 John George Bush, 5 day's carpenter work. 

Jacob Krorz, 5 day's carpenter work. 

Jarnes Fuller, 5 day's stone digging. , 

John Chapman. 3 day's carting stone. 

' Henry Uinker, fiO hnsiids lime. 

Henry Bush and John Widenian, 30 wagons stone 

and digging. 

Thomas Harris, 50 sash lights. 

There is perhaps no county in the state that can 

vie with Northampton for good schools, academies, 

semhuiries, and a college i;f reputable standing. 

Lafayette. College had its origin, says Day, in the 

public-spirited exertions of Hon. James Porter, and a 

number of other intelligent citizens of Easton. A 

charter had been granted in 1S2G, and a board ot 

trustees organized ; but attempts to procure funds 

were tor several years unsnccessful. It was originally 

designed for a militaiy school, after the model ol 

Capt. Patridge's academy; but this plan not meeting 

with general a[)probation, it was changed m 1832, foi 

that ot' u collegiate luslitation, on the mamial-labor 

system. 

The Rev. Dr. Junkin was appointed president, assisted 

by several prolossors. The legislature having 

failed to make an appropriation in aid of the college. 

an appeal was made to the public spirit of the citizen? 

of Easton and PhUodelphia, for funds to erect tli»' 

present edihce, temporary accommodations having 

been rented for the first year. Tiiis appeal was successful 

; and on the 4lh July, 1S33, the cornerstone 

was laid by Hon. J. jM, Porter, president of the boan' 

of trustees, with appropriate ceremonies. 

The edifice is 112 feet by 44, containing in all sixty 

rooms, and has received the name of Brainerd Hall 

inmamory of tiie pious labors of that devoted missionary 

in this region. The lirst term was opened in 

the new building in Afay, 1«34, wlien Rev. J)r. Juin 

Mil and dirce other professors were duly hiaugurand.

3-98 niSTOIlY OF SCHUYLKILL COUNTY. 

The insiimtiou has continued to llourish. In ISli'^ 

or '41, the Rev, Dr. Jnnkin resigned and took charge 

of an instidition in Ohio ; when he was succeeded by 

the Rev. Yeomaus, a graduate of Wihiarns CoUcge, 

Mass. Tlie Rey. Yeonians has since resigned, Mixd 

Dr. Junkin is again president of the histitution. The 

laculiy is composed of men of talent and professed 

erudition, and the insthution commands an 

honorable rank among the literary histitutions ol ihis 

country. 

The course ol' instruction is thorougli and liberal^, 

as will ai)pertr from the subjoined extract, from (he 

catalogue of 1814 : 

COURSE OF INSTRUCTION. 

I'RLriHMKN CLASS. 

Firsi Term. 

Livy. 

Graica Minora cumpieted. 

fineca IShijora commenced. 

Classical Liierauue, (Eschenburg's 

Mamial.) 

Algebra. 

Plane Geometry, (Davies' 

Legendrc.) 

30PU0M0RE CLASS. 

First Term. 

Horace, Satires &: Epistles. 

iEschines de Corona. 

Classical Lileratiue. 

Algebra revist;:!. 

Plane Trigonometry. 

Application of Algebra to 

Plane Geometry. 

Geometrical Constructions. 

Spherical Trigonometry. 

Second Term. 

Odes of Horace. 

Grieca Majora. 

Classical Literatun,. 

Algebra completed 

Solid and Spherical Geometrv. 

Second Term. 

Cicero de Oliiciis. 

Demosthenes de (](»- 

rona. 

Classical Literature. 

Blair's Rhetoric. 

Analytical Geoincby, 

Surveyuig.

^/ 

. 

HI.STOUY or .SCTr!iy;,KILL COUNTY. 3i)0 

•i; ,.^, ji'Niou (.•ii,.vss. 

Fir.î Ttrm. Second Term. 

Tacitus. Cicero de Oratore. 

(Edijtuii Tyiuiiuus. (.'-loplio- l

400 HISTORY OF SCHUYLKILL COUNTY. 

A record is ]

m 

V^ HISTORY OF iClIOYLKILL COUNTY. 40t 

Commericemciit is on the thiixl Wednesday of Sep- 

tember. 

The vacation after coinaiencement is six weeks. 

The fust session commences at the close of that vacation, 

and conthiiiestAventy weeks. The spring vacation 

is six weeks. The second session is twenty 

weeks, and closes on ihe ihird Wednesday of Seji- 

(ember. 

Tlie two Literary Societies of the College hold a 

public exhibition at the close of the first session. The 

annual :xliibition of the Junior Class is on the evening 

preceding connnencemcnt. 

The Literary Societies liave two halls in the fourth 

story of the main College building, which are spaciou.s 

and elegantly furnished. Each Society has also an 

extensive and valuable library. 

The Brainerd Evâuiêlical Society has a spacious 

hall a])propriated to its papers and library. This So- 

ciety holds its anniversary, and has a public address, 

at the close of ihc wiiii .t scs-sion. 

EXAMINATIONS. 

All the classes are examined in the middle and at 

the close of the first session, in all the studies of the 

.session. The final examination of the Senior Class 

begins on the fifth Monday before commencement, 

'ilie other classes are examined in the middle and at 

the close of the second session, as in the first. 

The examinations are jHiblic, and are conducted: 

before a committee of the Board of Trustees.

•402 lIIiTOSr OP SCHUYLKILL COUNTF. 

The price ot boarding in the Co.ege refectory is &1 

87| per wuek, which for forty weeks is iS: G CO 

Tuition, room-roit, use of hbrary and appa- 

ratusj i(. 00 

Fuel, stoves, 

session, 

and tending ^ 

fires for winter 

Tor incidentai expcibos, 50 cents each ses- 

7 (iq 

sion, J riu 

$\2:i 00 f 

Pupils of the i\h:idel School, who occupy pjoms in 

the College, pay $15 per session lor tuition and room 

rent ; tliose wlio do not room in the College, pay i^sio i 

for tuition. Each pupil, not boarding in the College, 

pays $1,50 in the winter session for fuel for the school 

| 

I 

room. 

The liills for iâcli session arc payable half .a d;.: 

I 

* 

beginning and half at the middle of each session : ex- | 

cept the iVicl bill for the winter session, which is all 

| 

to be paid in ad\ânce. When ])ayinent is pro.nptly 

\ 

made according to this rule, a deduction of 124 cenif^ 

per week i,i m:ide from the price of boarding. 

Washing is done in the Steward's departni..=u ai 

[ 

3Tk cents per dozen pieces. \ 

Students provide their own beds and furnitun;. [ 

Students under the patronage of the Gener.-.l As- I 

sembly'^ Hoard of ICducation, and others who are ; 

preparing for the gospel ministry, and whose cliarac- 

ler and circllmsLaIlCl^s, in the judgment of the Trus- 

tees, entitle them to the benefit, have boarding ii., (he ! 

• College refectory at .;^1 per week. The 'j^-ust- - sup- 

* 

ply the balance out of lunds provided fur U-at pur- * 

po.v). 

Studcni:, wiiu w^n to spend their hours ..[' .l.oi. i 

r..vercise in. manual labor, for their own j-ocuuu.'v' ! 

| 

j 

;' 

\ 

j

I 

ij have 

HISTORY OP SCllDYLKILL COUNTY. 403 

benefit, can work on the- grounds adjacent to the Col- 

lege, and receive a just compensation for their labor. 

i> 

1H£ MODEL SCHOOL 

Is under the immediate instruction and government 

«f the Principal, subject to tiie general direction of the 

College Faculty. 

'J'lie pupils of ilus school who board in the College, 

rooms in tlic College buildings, and take their 

meals in the refectory. Tliey are required to attend 

public jnayersd;uly HI i!)!' i.'hapel, and public worship 

ill church and ih'i Icctitre in the College on the Sab- 

bath. 

A select couis;; oL f jigli:,h study is pursued in ihiN 

school, by such as \*a.sl: to become teachers of conimon 

scliools. 

The course of instruction preparatory to admission 

into the College, is also givM.'U to such as desire to jun- 

sue their ]n'eporat(n-y studios luider the direction ol 

the Faculty. 

The Scniinavi.s of Na'/areih and Belhlehem, so 

well and descrvi dly f.ivorably known, have already 

been noticed. IJL-sidt.s these institutions, there an 

several academies in tliese comities of advanced standing, 

exerting a hap])y influence upon the community. 

'J'he i)ublic connnon schmjl system has been ad>»pied 

in every district in Northampton county, in every 

district in Monroe, except in Penn Forest and Pricu 

townships; in Lehigh, the townships of Heidelberg. 

Lowliill, Lynn, Lower Macungie, Upper Saucon and 

Weisenberg : in Sehuylkill county, the townships (jt 

Barry, I'kist Ihauiswig. Lower Mahantango, Upper 

Mahantango, iManheim, Pine Grove, Rush, IJnii)n, 

Wayne, ^Vest Penn acd West Prunswig, have not 

accejited (he t.ysreni. Carbon, a newly orgam/ed 

county, Ik.:, also ndopicil liie system partially, 'i'hi i. 

IS nmcli r'.oHi fu' iiuiifo\fment in the cominun 

schools.

mt 

APPENDIX; 

CONTAINING i'lIE JOURNALS 

lAMES YOUNG. rOMVliySARY GENERAL, 

Wno visited lit /wlun, &;c. in 17£6; 

CAPTMN JOHN VAN ETTEN, 

At Ton }I)riiishaw Fori Hamilton, &c. &c., and 

COL0Ni;i, JAMES BURU, 

WUo visited a nr.iaber of f ^ its in 1768— embracing a ntunber oi 

IfACTS OV DEMI' INTEREST 

EARLY HISTORY ot NORTH.lMI TON and ADJACENT OOUNTlES.

If Sim 

YOUNG'^S JOURNAL

A .JOURNAL 

OF 

JAMES YOUNG, COIVIMISSARY GENERAL, 

Of the Llusterta—Hum Jane 19 to June 26, 1756. 

1756, June lf)tli. At 11 o^clock in the morning 1 

'camu to Reading. 1 acni an express to Colonel 

Weiser to acquMiiii liuii with my intended journey to 

the northern iiouiier: that I inclined to muster the 

company posted liere, and that I should want some 

men to escort nê to the next fort. 

Ammunition at Reading, viz : 25 good muskets 

20 want repairing, il broken ones; 9 cartouch 

boxes, 240 pounds ol' powder, and 600 pounds ot 

lead. 

At G P. M., Col. Weiser came here. I mustered 

his company lluu is pulled here as a guard to this 

place. The compaviy (;oiisists of 30 men, viz : 2 ser- 

geants ani.1 28 private soldiers ; 2 of them were ab 

sent at Col. VVeisar's hou.se. 

20. At 2 F. M., 1 set cut from Reading, escortfc'i 

h; Jive men uf d.e lowr oo iiorse back, for the fort ^.i 

,

'^^^ APPENDIX. 

North Kill. It is about 19 miles from Reading. Ti f 

road i.s very bad and hilly—thick of wood. T\r^ loi 

is about nino miles to the westward of Schuylkill, and 

stands in a very ihiek wood, on a small rising ground f 

half a mile from tlie Middle North Kill creek. It is I 

intended for a squar.; of about 32 feet each way— at 

each corner is a half bastion of very little service to 

flank the cunains— the stockades are badly fixed in 

tlie ground, and o])en in many ])laces. Within l> a | 

very bad log hcu.so for the people; it has iiu eiiim- 

| 

ney, and can aiford but little shelter in bad weather. 

| 

When I came here, die Sergeant, who is commaialor. 

| 

was absent asid gone to the next plantation h,.![ a f 

mile ofl; but sopm came when he had intelligen.'e I | 

was there, lie uAd me he had fourteen men j.r.ted I 

with him, all dctacbed from Captain Morgan's com- 

| 

pany at Fort Lebanon, fivê of them were absei.t by f 

his leave, viz: Twu ho had let go to Heading fJr 

three days; one he had let go to his own hou.vr; le.n . 

miles ofi; and two men this afternoon a low miles ' 

from the fort on their own bushiess. There wen: but : 

eight men and the S:;rgeant on duty. I am of opin- ' 

ion there ouglit lo be a commissioned officer liere, as I 

the Sergeant does not do his duty, nor are the men | 

under proper conmiand for the want of a superior 

{ 

officer. 

I 

The woods are not cleared for the space of forty 

( 

yards from the fort. I gave orders to cut all the [yv-i, f 

down foi two hundred yards. I inquired why ihere I 

was so Uule powdt^r and ball here. The S.ngeant ? 

told me, he had repeatedly requested more of (.ûpfain \ 

Morgan, but to no purpose. The provisioi,s heru • 

-xrr- floor and nun foe four weeks. Mr, Sc-b, a ^ 

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AI'PEjnDIX. 411 

heading, .sends the otilceis mon

412 APPENDIX. 

crowded on that ; account I acquainted Captain Alui 

gan that the Sergeant at North Kill did not do lii^ 

duty, 9nd I bclievu it would be for the good of t!ic 

service, to have a commanding officer there. On 

whicli he ordered Ids Lieutenant, with two men, lo 

go and take post there, and sent with hinr (our 

pounds of powder and ten pounds of lead. 

iiy Captain J.Iurgan's Journal, it appears li.; .••ends 

a party cf ten n.en to range the woods four or five 

times a \reek, and guard tlie inhabitants at dvii 

labor. At 1 P. M., I mubteved the people, aiid rx- 

amined die icnifuMtesof enlistment, which appear jii 

the muster roll. After which I ordered the men {o 

fire at a mark ; 

fjin un or eighteen hit within two u.ci 

of the centre at the distance of eighty yards. 

Provisions here are dour and rum for a iihintli. 

The commissary sent them money to purchase -jieit 

as they want ii. 

Provincial arms and ammimition : Twenlv-ri-iji 

good muskets, ten Avant repairing, nine rounds of 

powder and lead, four pounds of powder, tv/en'.y 

four pounds oi k;ad, thirty cartouch boxes, fi;r!y 

blankets, one axe and one wall piece. 

At half-past direc P. JNl., we set out with the ionn^r 

escort, and two of Captain Morgan's company, for il-j 

fort above AUemengel, commanded by Lieuiennni 

Ingle—at half-past seven we got there; it is aboui 

iiineteen miles N. E. from fort Lebanon; the read is :: 1 

narrow ].ne 

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swamp. Very few plantations on this road ; nio2: vi i 

them descried^ and the liouses buxnt down. Off- | 

Lidf u 'nilu weilwi;! d of this fort is a good phuauJi g:; ; ^ 

.

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Al'l'KXDIX. 411 

the people return lo lUa f,),i every night. Tiiis fort 

stands ubout oiiu mile \)

414 APPENDIX. 

barracks and a guard room. I found here 15 n\Lh 

without any officer or commander. They told rnc I, 

Lieutenant Jacob Mies and two men from the ibvl [ 

were gone, this morning, with two gentlemen from 

Beihlehem, and lour Indians, 15 miles up the country jt' 

to bring down some friendly Indians ; and i\vd (Kc 

Sergeant w-ith three men were gone to Ca])t. Fouik',. 

late cominaiijer liore, to receive the pay that is tluQ |. 

them; and ore was gone to Bethlehem with die 

Scigeant'.s watch h< iiiund, which was tlie rca;;Cn I |' 

could not nmslt r those present, nor have anyatvo'iu! 

of the provisions, but saw a large quantity of bjof 

very badly euro.]. 

I was iniornu d that a captain with a new c>anpci- 

ny was expected thne in a day or two to take ])o^l 

at this fort. Being very uncertain when the J;ifu- 

tenant would return, or the new company rjmw, 1 

resolved lo prucoed to Lehigh Gap, where a tl. r i;i. 

mcnt of a company was posted. 

Provincial .sturus ; 27 

muskets, 50 cartouch bow-, 

10 pounds of jxnvdcr, 60 pounds of lead, 20 liuitui' 

filled for 25 men, 1!) axes, 4 broad axes, 26 hiitcheh, 

43 tomahawks, 3 iron wêdges and 1 swivel gim. 

At 4 P. M. set out—at 6 came to Lehigli (i-\\\ 

where I lound a Sergeant and eight men statio.,iid ai | 

a farm house, v/ith a small stockade around it. From * 

Fort Allen iiercj the road is very hilly and sw:in)py. I 

There is oidy one. plantation about a mile fnnn th'.> I 

gap. 1 ibiind (1)0 jx.'ople here, were a detauhmeiii } 

from Captain Wenihcrolt's company—he is staiiiv/,cj j- 

uJi the otlier bide ilie gap, 3 miles from this wiih 12 I 

men Th'e rest of Ids company is at Uepue'o. and ^^ 

another gap 15 ruIl's from this. 1 despait.'licd a t 

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ArPENUix. 415 

messenger to Capr. Weatherolt, desiring him to come 

here in the morning with the men under his command, 

to be mustered. The people stationed here, and on 

tire other side of tl?.e gap, 1 tliink, may be of great 

service, as it is a good road tlu'ough the mountain, 

and very steep and higli oii eacli side, so may, in a 

great measure, prevent any Indians to pass through 

undiscovorod, if tiêy keep a good guard. Here the 

river Leliigh j)asses tlirough tlie mountain, and is a 

very rapid stroaii!, 

At 7 in the morning, I mustered the men liere. 

The Sergeant informed nie ihat'Captain Weatherolt 

was gone 12 mihis from tliis, imd he believed on his 

way 10 Philadelphia for iheir pay, which was the 

reason the people did not come here, and I finding 

this company so nmcli disporsed at dilferent stations, 

in smaU parties, 1 could not regularly muster them; 

tlicrel'ore at 9 A. M. I set out for Fort Norris. Tiie 

road for the iiis[ j,ij: luilcs is a good wagon road, 

along the loot uf the North mountain; the other 

seven miles very hilly and ^tony. Passed three plan- 

tations on thi.'j lOad— all deserted and the houses 

burnt down. 

At 11 A. M. I came to f'ort Norris; found here a 

Sergeant commanding Willi 21 men. Tiie Sergeaia 

told me that the (nisigu with 12 men was gone out to 

range the woods towaids Fort Allen—the captain 

was at Philadelphia ..ince ihe lG(h, for the people's 

pay ; and the oiher Sergeaiit was absent at Easton,on 

'furlough since th ; 20ih. 

This fori stands in a valley nndway between the 

North Uiountaiu and ihe Tnsearora, 6 miles fron: 

ea.cl, i.n the hii-,'i road tov/ards tlie Minnesinks ; it is

416 APPENDIX. 

a square, about SO feet each way, with foui' half 

bastions^ all very completely stockaded, finished and 

defensible. The woods are clear 400 yards roui.d it. 

On the bastions are two swivel guns mounted. ^Vith- 

in is a gocd barrack, guard room, kitchen— ais.) a 

good well. 

Provincial stores : 1 3 good muskets, 3 burstcl c-nco, * 

16 very bad, 32 cartouch boxes, 100 pounds el \m)\v- 

dcr, 300 pounds ol' lead, 112 blankets, 39 ;;;\c.s, 3 ] 

broad axes, 80 loiuahawks, six shovels, 2 giubbiiig i 

hoes, 5 s])ades, 5 drawing knives, 9 chisels, 3 adzci;, 5 

3 hand s::.ws, '2 augers and two splitting knivis. 

| 

At 1 P. M. ihc ensign with 12 men returned Jro;u | 

ranging; they had êen nothing of any India! 'S. i -i 

mustered the whole., 31 innumlier, stout, able bo'lied i 

men. The tn.vign has no certificate of enli; (!(ii;;il i 

The arms loaded and clean; the cartouch boxe.s filled i 

with 12 rounds per inau. 

Provisions. A large quantity of beef very ill craed, 

standing tubs; a (.|Uantity of biscuit and flour, and I 

about 50 gallons ol' rum. i 

At. 2 P. M Oaptain Weatherolt came her(> lo us, ] 

he had been on his way to ]*liiladelphia ; but the jug:: 1 

senger I sent last laglit overtook him 8 miles I'rom his 1 

station. He brought me his muster roll of his \îioli: 

couipany, and certificates of enlistments, and proposed 

to go Avilh me to Samuel Depue's where his lieulen- j 

ant and 2(5 men are stationed, to see theiu mu ,tL.red. • 

I accepted of his company. 

^Vt 3 P. 1\1. we .êt forth from Fort Norris on our 

way to Fort Ilaiiiillon. At G P. INI. we ci-awv. to 

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Philip Bosan's farm, 12 miles from Fort NoiriD; hiie 

we staid ail niLdu. In our wav to this h u\>\ v.*: 

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AT-l'EMDIX. 

417 

found theroad very iiiily, thj country barren—passed 

by three plantations ; all deserted and the housesburnt 

down. In Bosart's house are six taniilies from other 

plantations. 

24th. At 4 A. M. set out tVom Bosart's ; at G came 

to Fort Hamilton ; dboui 7 miles from Jiosart's— 

good wagon road, and tlio land better than any 1 had 

seen on the noidi side of th.: mountain. 

Fort llariultoa stands in a corn field, by a farm 

house, hi a plain and clear country ; it is a square with 

four half bastions, all Vvry id contrived and furnisli- 

ed ; the stockades an; si.v inches open in many ])laces 

and not firm in die ground, and may be easily pulled 

down. Before tlie gaio are some stockades driven 

into the ground to cover it, whicli I think miglit be a 

great shelter to an enemy. I therefore order to pull 

them down. I also ordt;r to fill up the other stock- 

ades where they were- ^ycv. 

I found liere a liemenaiit and eight men, seven 

were gone to Easton with a prisoner, a deserter from 

General Shirley's regiment. 

Provincial stores— one wall piece, 14 good muskets, 

4 want repairing, 16 cartonch boxes filled with i)ow- 

der and lead, 38 pounds of powder, 13 pounds of lead, 

10 axes, one broad axe, 2fi tomahawks, 28 blankets, 

3 drawing knives, 3 splitting knives, 2 adzes, 2 saws 

and one brass kettle. 

At 8 A. M. set ouifrom Fort Hamilton for Samuel 

Depue's, where Captain W.jatherolt's lieutenant and 

26 men are slalioi.ed. When I came there his mus 

ter roll was not loady. I iherefore proceeded to \\u 

next fort; iun mdes higher \i[) tlie river (Delaware)— 

at i J . AJ. I came dicre. Ii is u good plainroad iVon; 

A 2 

a

41S APPENDIX. 

Dupue's—tliero are many plantations this way; but 

all deserted and tlie houses chieliy burnt. 

Found at ihio fort (Hyndshaw) lieutenant Hyndshaw 

wiiti iio men. He told me that the captain widi 

five men had cioiie up the river yesterday, ana did i, 

not expe'Jl him back tliese two days. They had been 

informed from tlie Jerseys that six Indians liad been 

seen and fired at the night before, IS miles iI|J tlie f 

rive;-. 

This i'>ri JL-: a soLiare about 70 feet each way., very f 

lightly Stockaded. 1 gave some directions to ah^yr ihe |^ 

bastions, Vvhieli at r-resent are of very little nsu. It 

is clear all round lor 300 yards—the fort stahds on 

the banks of a kirge creek, and about one-fourdi of a 

| 

mile fi'om the river Delaware. I think it is a very | 

important place for die defence of this frontier. 

At 3 P. JNI. I mustered the people, and find ihciu 

agreoabi

APPENDIX. 419 

liere a Lioulonaut a twonty-six men, all regularly en- 

listed for six months^ as aic the rest of his company. 

Around Depue's house is a large but very slight and 

ill-contrived storkcidc, Vviih a swivel gun mounted on 

each corner. 

Mr. Depue was iu>t at home. His son, with a sou 

of Broadhead'.j, l-:ocping house. They expressed 

themselves as if they lL*night the Province was 

obliged to tlicm, fur allcwi.ig this party to be in their 

house, also made uio of v.'iy arrogant expressions of 

the commissioners, and the people of Philadelphia in 

general. They icemto make a mere merchandize of 

the people stationed here, selluig rum at eight pence 

per gill. 

Provincial stores— 13 good muskets, 3 cartouch 

boxes, 13 pounds of powder, and 22 pounds of lead. 

25. At 5 A. M. set out from Depue 's for the 

Wuid r.a]), wlu:i\j paa oi ^VeathLrolt's company is 

stationed. Stoj^ped at Bosart's plantation to find our 

horses. I Avas iufurnicd this morning, that two miles 

from the house in the woods, they found the body of 

Peter Hess, who had been murdered and scalped 

about the nronih of February. 

At 1 1 A. M. came to the Wind Gap, when I found 

Captain ^Veatherolt'o ensign, who is stationed here 

with seven men, at a farm house—four only were 

present ; one was gone to Bethlehem with a letter 

from the Jerseys, on Indian atl'airs ; one was on a 

farm house on duty ; 

and one absent on furlough from 

the 15lh to 22d, but had not yet returned. I told the 

otlicer hj ought Uj estecui him a deserter. 

I found iieve ;jix Proviiicu muskets, all good, anî 

six r ui,Lls of pov.''dci' and load for each man. 1 told

420 '.ilENDIX. 

Cay)taiii Wcaihcroh to send a supply as sooji as pus- 

siLle. 

Ai 3 P, M. .vî out Irom Wind Gap, for Easloii. 

About half post by Nazareth iriill, around which xS a 

large but slight stockade, about 400 feet one way, ii\id 

250 feet tlio oiher, v/ifh log houses at the corners Tur \ 

bastions. 

At u, I eanic u) E(l^lun—found here ensign En-. lu, 

o( Captain En^-lee's cornijany, witii 24 men. He lohi \ 

me tlie Captr.ji'. '•v

VAN ETTEN'S JOURNAL.

A JdORNAL 

CAPTAIN iOHl^ VAN ETTEN, 

At Fort Hyndshaw and FcaX i-i.-i.^hon, in the Pennsylvania Forces, froHi 

Dectmb^n; 1, 1755, to July 21, 1757. 

1756, December 1. I v/ent out to patrol my oldest 

Sergeant in tlu; conît uiy. to find out if there were 

any Indians on die cl.isi, but none were discovered. 

We returned sale to the fort. 

2. After the guard was relieved, we employed 

ourselves in huuling firevôod, and key the garrison 

4 and 5. Paid sovn..' of die men—also for some pro- 

visions. 

6. Kept Iho men at their posts about the garrison. 

7. I went on scout v/ith two men, and madi' 

no discovery—returned ndih at night, finding all in 

good order. 

8 and 9. The nên divided—one part standing sen- 

try, while; the other part hauled firewood to the fojt. 

10. I went on scout wiUi one of my men—mauc 

no discovGiy ; returned to ilie fort. 

1 1 My l.ieutenant \/cut on his journey to Phil'^

[21 

.'.PPENDIX. 

dclplna, in onki to get pay for my men, for tliree 

mouths. 

:\hon\ elevou o'clock,! went on scout u'Uli 

SIX UiCU : in going hMu- miles made no diacovery •, 

turned to ihe iurl at dark. 

jarrison. 

lo- 

Ii bi'iug Sabbath and rainy, we all staid in 

1 J. Al'le; d;u guard was relieved, I went on scoâ ) 

wuh six mci- and ow: neighbor, and travelled about ,^ 

cishl nnbs IVuni ihc fort, made no discovery; re- \ 

lurned to the g;ini^-on. 

^ 

14. Aftci the guard was relieved, I Avent with 

four men on ,.ca.a, and sent two men with buob 

S^vartwood, to guard him, to take some of his grain 

where it might be tliiestied. 

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15. I v/ent wall iive men on scout, and the .said 

Swartwood weM ag..in to his place, which is ;a>out 

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four miles fiom the fort, and at night when I returned 

home told me, d, iL before the men with hmi can. to 

| 

tlie field, they ^=.1 w one small stack of rye, set out n. .. . 

large shock of thirty sheaves on a side, and piuces 

left in the middle to shoot out at, anxl a bee-hn e sci 

on the top. \ 

16. After tlie guard was relieved,!, with six men, i 

went to the place, and ordered two men with wagons 

to come after .soaie time, when ! had surrounded (be 

field, then to come and take their loads, which vv-is 

done 5 but no di^;covcry Avas made. !, and two men \ 

went through die woods, and the rest guarded the | 

wagons. So all returned safe to the fort. 

17. It ,snowed. I made a pair of moccasons fur 

myself I 

18 After but guurd was relieved, ! went out on 

^;ooui widi n:i mcii,. and travelled about si:, 'lilies ; 

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' APPENDIX. 

4X*5 

from the fort, and ioiuid .snow in may places half-leg 

deep; but I discovered no enemy ; all returned safe to 

the fort. 

19. It being tlie Sabbaih, one of the corporals 

went out with four men. un scout ; but made no dis- 

covery ; relumed lo the fort. 

20. It suowL-d ;. v.'c staid in the garrison, 

21. The corporal, v/ith men assisthig, hauled firewood 

10 the fort, and 1 went on scout with three 

men; foimd ihc snow about knee deep; but wem 

four miles; made no discovery; returned to the fort 

after darlc. 

22. After the guard was relieved, we siiovelcd 

away the snow around tiie fort, in order to go to 

work to build a block house, 

23. We ah kept tiie furt. 

24. The snow renderiiig, to the end of the month, 

luifit for scouting, wc . 

learcd tlie parading place, and 

kept the men lo theii UAcrcises twice a day, in which 

time I paid oiF the men. 

January 1, 1757. Kept the fort and exercised the 

men. 

2.' Sabbath day ; kept the fort. 

3. Stormy weatiier 

4 and -5. Kept the fort. 

(). Hauled firewood lor the fort. 

7. Exercised the men twice. 

8. Took the advantage of the snow and hauled 

firewood. 

9. Sabbath day; ke]/i the tort. 

10. I vv'cni on scout with six men, and niglu 

conung on ul; w

42(i APPENDIX. 

13, 14 and 15. In the fort. Alter the guard was re- 

lieved, hauled fire\vood. 

16. lit the fort. 

17. I -sent out a scout with five men, bul dis- 

covered nothirjg. i 

18. Relieved the guard; exercised the men. 

19. I wont on scout with the Lieutenant and six I 

nieii; Ivavclled [\n\u: miles; returned to the fort, dis- 

cove-ring norhing. 

20. 1 v.'Liit on scout with two men ; made no dis- 

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1 

covery; rciurnid to the fort. 

21. K':ln;vc-.u the guard, and kept the fort. I 

22. I went on scout with one man, about .s.vi ii 

miles i'roni die fon , returned, discovered nothing. t 

23. lieceivcd orders Irom the Hon. Colonel,' d.ncd 

the 16th instant, thai as soon as the season would ad- I 

nat, to diK^'ipline the men in the English exercise, and ! 

to teach them the hulian method of war, which Mas I 

immediati-ly olLyed. t 

30. Received orders from the Hon. Colonch to 

enlist men to fill up my company, to consist ol fnty 

men, including two sergeants, tv/o corporals, :,(al a | 

drummer. I 

Februa/'i/ -1, I '..'ent to Major William. Pai-.ons, \ 

informing hini of the necessity we were in for the 

v)ant of ammunition. \ 

(3. Received an answer, and ninety-two puui.ds * 

of lead. i 

. 'Col. 

7. Kept d.ie men lo their exercise as usual. \ 

h. Exercise ; bad weatlier, \ 

11. After the guard was relieved, hatilett /Oi/d \ 

Cui.raci We;se;. \ 

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APPENDIX. 

12. Snow ; unfit for exercise. 

14. Kept die men to their exercise. 

16. Hauled firewood for the fort. 

17, 

Tiie men exercised. twice. 

T' 20. Sunday; kept die fori. 

J 

427 

21. Went on scout wilh four men; but finding it 

BO bad travelling, and making no discovery, we 

turned back to die Ibrl. 

24. After the guard was reUeved, we hauled fire- 

wood. 

' 25. Relieved ihc guard ; exercised the men. 

March 1. Called the men to exercise at eight 

o'clock, andrelieveJ the gaard. 

\ 4. After the guard was releived, I ordered the 

old guard to haul firewood. 

6. 

Relieved the guarJ at eiglit in the morning. 

7. After die guard was relieved,! went on scout 

widitenmen; Wfut alnujl mx miles; made no dis- 

covery ; returned lo the iort. 

9. 

Exercised die men twice. 

10. Relieved the guard, and exercised the men 

twice as usual. 

11. After the guard had been relieved, and die 

exercise had been over, I ordered the old guard to 

liatd firewood. 

12. After the guard had been relieved, I went on 

scout with six men, travelled about six miles ; 

no discovery; returned s;ifc; to the fort. 

made 

1 3. Sunday ; rcli-ved die guard and kept the gar- 

rison. 

14. After the guard had been relieved, I went on 

scout widi eight men ; discovered uothhig ; returned 

\ todu. fon. 

I

4.28 APPENDIX. 

It). AU:a- ihc giuiid had been relieved, I oid',n:'J 

the old guard to procure lire wood. 

17. Relieved tlie guard and disciplined the i;n\i 

16. After th« guard had been relieved, I v/eiu I 

with five luei: ou scout, but discovered nothing : le- 

turned lo ihe foil. I 

ly. Aucr the guard liad been relieved, the MiCn i 

v.-ero eiiipioyai in hauling wood. 

,J0. Subbiilh day; relieved the guard at ughi ! 

o'clock in the inornuig; kept tlie garrison. 

^1. I A\'ent on my journey to Easton, in ord-r lu 

attend court, leaving rhe charge of tlie company witli I 

the Lieuienlant. Jking obliged to tarry, by rL a on 

of the WLather, I att'.aidcd the whole terin.^ 'i 

28. I returned home sate to tlie fort, hnding n;v 

men in health, axid all things in good order. 

;29. Relieved tlie guard and disciplined the ii;:i. \ 

1)0. RL'lieved die guard ; hauled Ihewood. 

April 1. After tlie guard had been relieved, 1 

went on .scout with four men ; went about foi.i 

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miles ; made no discovery ; returned to the fort. ; 

'-2. Rclicv-ed die guard and disciplined the tner.. 

3. Sabbath; roiiin'ed the guard, and ke{n the ; 

fort. I 

4. Disciplined the men. ! 

5. Relieved the guard and hauled firewood. i 

6. Disciplined the men. i 

7. Received an order, dated 28di of March, iioin - 

Hon. Colonel Weiser, commanding me irnnitâiately 

io send a detachment of sixteen men, with an oillcer, 

to relieve the company stationed at fort IhnnHf.on. \ 

*VaU Eiien Wcii one ut the Justices of Uie Peace cl L'*-:aili 

j 

ampton count/, i.nd foruiea one of the Cuuri. : 

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AfPEA'DIX. 42!) 

8. I took possession of said fort according to 

orders, and ihe company marched otr, leaving the fort 

in my care. 

9. Received a copy of a i'jtter l>om Maj. Parsons, 

sent to ihe comnKaKlei at (urt Hamilton. I being 

there, and no oiher. I ojjcned the same, and found it 

to be a cojjy liojii the origin.al sent by Jacob Snyder, 

ensign, being the (hcii commander at fort Norris, 

with wliich I would not content myself, but went oif 

immediately to Eastoii, lo scj the Major. 

10. Then spoke wnL tiic Major at his own house, 

who ordered, thai niy Lieritenant with twenty-live 

i? men'of my comp,.ny, siiould immediately march to 

Heading to the Colouii,' diere to receive further 

orders. 

11. Returned lo fot llyndshaw, received the 

orighial by the way, ;nid acquainted the Lieutenant 

of the aifair. 

12. Got the men ru.idy fur to march. 

13. Conveyed the .said Lieutenant, with said com- 

pany, as far as fort Hamilton, 

14. The Lietitenani uiarched with said company 

about eight o'clock, iVom fort Hamilton, and I re- 

turned to fort Hynshav/. 

15. Disciplined the luen twice. 

IG. I went to see the JMajor. 

20. Returned home and found all things in good 

order at both i'vivj,. The .s;ime night an express came 

from fort Hamilton lo fo:t Hyndshaw, of a murdt-i 

committed aboui sunset, l,y ihe Indians. 

21. ] wriit to f'vrt llaimlton with seven men,ai'ii 

'Coi-i.iei 0, VveiSii', v.i.'j rtr-med at Reading at the time.

430 APl'ENDIX. 

ibuiid it to bo one Ciiiilmman, a lad of about sevoii- 

t-ceii years of age, killed and bcalped by the ludcms; 

Avhoni I toolc up and burried, and returned to i'o/t 

Hyndshaw A'/ilh my men all safe. 

22. Disciplined tlie men twice. 

23. I emi»ioyed lbs men in hauling fivewoud to » 

the fort. 

lort. 

24. SLibbaihj disciplined the men and kept tiie I 

25. Sergeant Leonard Den, with two men, u'ent 

off for snbsistaRcc to Samuel Depue's. Within vhout | 

two miles cf said Depue's, Sergeant Den was sb.cf, f 

the two men returned, and informed me of it ; where- 

upon the drummer bi.at an alarm, and the neiglibors 

f 

all gathered in 10 the fort. Mys-eif with seven men ) 

went immediately olf and found him scalped, and eu- 

tirely stripjjped, and shamefully cut, so much so il .it 

liis bowelb weri) spread on the ground. I sei.t olf » 

three men to Dopue's for a wagon, wliile I with the f 

three kept guard. They liaving come, we curried f 

him to Dtjpue's, where we kept guard that nigbl, i 

26. W'c buried liim in a christian manner, and re- | 

turned to fort Hynd.shaw. 

| 

27. DiscipUiicd tlie men; increased our sentinels 

as far as our weak circumstances would allow. \ 

28. Disciplined the men ; giving them such can- 

tions as I thought riecessary. 

29 and 30. Guarded the neighbors in their i'eces- 

sary business, with all that could possibly le;,\'-o tlie 

fort. 

j 

3% I. Kept the fort. i 

ij. Ah.'.'i tlie niuii hud been di.scipUued al ciiht i 

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APPENIilX. 431 

o'clock ill the morning, firas/ood was hauled to the 

fort. 

3. Disciplined the men at eight o'clock; then I 

went on scorn wiih live men ; went abom five miles ; 

f discovered nothing : returned safe, 

4. After having disciplijied the men at eight 

o'clock, I went on scout with five men about six 

miles; discovered nothing; oil returned safe to the 

fort. 

5. About eight o^clock m the morning, news came 

to me that an Indian had been seen about tluee- 

fourths of a mile from ihu fort. I went out immedi- 

ately in pursuit of liini. ^vuh eight men and one 

neighbor ; found it true 1)y discovering iiis tracks, but 

we could not come up \\ illi him—the men from the 

fort saw the Indian running ironi us at a considerable 

distance ; and thby could, at the same time, see some 

of my company, lis the ; -'w 1 left to keep the fort al'- 

firmed to me, ai my r'lurn; but I seeing nothing of 

him, returned with iht; men to the fort. The same 

day one man came from a field where they guarded 

a neighbor in his business, saw three Indians coming 

down a mountain near said field. I immediately 

went out with said man, and two others, in pursuit 

of them ; but not thinking it proper to go far from 

the fort, it being very weak-handed, stood on guard 

on said mountain, while one went to alarm the guard 

that was in the field, and then returned home to the 

fort ; discovered notlnng. 

6. At eight o'clock disciplined the men, after 

whicli soiiie of my men who had observed the niglu 

before, as they v/ere on sentry, that the dogs kept ai. 

j' uiiuvial balking and rutiihng to a particular plact^

432 APPENDIX. 

went to sec wlial tl\o occasion should be, and iV.iuiti 

that an Indian had siood behind a tree about tweiiiy- 

iive yard.s iVoni the foi't. I went to see, and i'onnd it 

true ; his tracks being visible enough to be tie.cn. 

In the afiornoon 1 v/ont on scout with four men and 

aneighbur^ Ijut ina:!-; no discovery—returned sail; to 

the fort. 

7. Tiiii men v>/erc called to their exercise at dit 

usual hour; after which, I went with four men lo a 

snhthshop, •\^/lierc av(, made an instrument to iA:c a 

bullet out of my horse, who was shot when Sergeant 

Den was killed ; all returned safe to the fort. 1 

S. Sunday ; assisted some of the neighbors .vjtl, 

their goods and families to the fort. , 

9. Disi'iplincd th(Mnen ; after which we gu;udcd i 

two of the neighbors ni their^necessary business wjih } 

what men could be spared ; and continued the saivif- 

t.) the 

15. Sunday , we 

all kept the fort. 

IG. Though weak-handed, I went on scout ^^Mtl; f 

four men, and travelled about four miles; made no * 

discoveri'-^ : rcuu-ned safe to the fort. I 

17. Disciphned ihe men at eight o'clock ju [he 

morning ; 

spare from the fori. 

ihen guarded the neighbors with all I coiild 

18. Exercised the men twice, and all kepi [1il- 

fort. . 

19. A fier exercisiiig the men, guarded the neigh- 

bors with all that could be spared from tlie Ion, ; 

2\j. The corjiorai with three men, went .nn on « 

scoui, by njy order, travelled about three jjiiles : 

i 

made no discovery, aiid returned to the fort. t 

'21. At lour o-clojkj afternoon, received a leuer I 

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Ai'PENrix. 433 

from Captain Busse, lo send a corporal with five 

men to nieot hini at least on the 22d day, to guard 

him to fort Allen. The men I despatched in half an 

hour. 

fort. 

22. Sunday; we fev/ who remained, all kept the 

23. About ten o'clock in the morning, I received 

a letter from Major ParsonSj in which he desired me 

I to come to Easton, to receive my pay, with the pay 

of my men. I baving ihen "hut ninetcea menleft me 

to keep the fort^ I toolc the case, together with my 

men, into consideration, who all begged of me, jiot 

to leave the fort; whereupon 1 wrote to the Major, 

and begged him to consider our circumstances, and 

to excuse me until the men returned. 

24. Disciplined the nien at eight in the morning 

all kept the fort, being v.-eak-handed. 

25. 1 went on scoiu with three men; travelled 

about three miles in Ihe mountains, and discovered 

nothing ; returrieii to the fort. 

26. Disciplined the men all ; stayed about the fort. 

27. Disciplined the men twice. 

28. At two o'clock in the afternoon, the men who 

with Commissary Young from Easton, came to fort 

Allen, returned all in health. 

29. Exercised the men, and all kept the fort, 

30. I went on scout with three men, and travel- 

led about four miles ; discovered nothing; retorned 

t -) the fort. 

31. Disciplined the men at eight o^clock in the 

morning : in the afternoon I went on scout with fom 

men ; went about three miles from the fort ; discover 

ed a-nhing: remmed to the fort. 

B2 

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434 APPENDIX. 

June I. The corporal with three men went ou 

scout, and g;vve account of no discovery on th(.ir re 

turn. 

2. I sent five men to Samuel Depue's for subsist, 

ance in tlic aflenican. The fort was alanned by 

hearing several guns fired. I immediately whh tiiveo 

men, went to find out the reason, and found it to be 

some who unwittingly shot at fowls in the river. Or.v 

men all returned safe about sunset. 

3. I set off '.)\i my journey for Philadelphia about 

four o'clock in the afternoon with six men as a guard, 

and came all safe lo fort Hamilton, where I fomir] f 

every thujg in good order. 

4. At eight o'clock in the morning I discipliu'iJ ibe I 

men, and gave strict orders to the Sergeant te keep 

the men exaot to their duty; and about four o'clock I 

in the afternoon^ I pursued my journey. 

5. 1 l.iy siclr. by llie way within five niiles ci 

Ea^ton. 

6. I Came to Easton and paid my respects to i-fa. 

jor Parsons. 

7. Notwitlisianding my illness, I pursued iny Jk 

journey. 

8. About four in the afternoon, I came to Pinia- 

defphia, and delivered the express sent to Miijor Par- 

son8, just as it w-âs sent to him, to his Honor the Gov- 

ernor, who desaed me to wait on him at, i\'/elvc \ 

o'clock tliO next day. 1: 

9. I Waited on his Honor as requested Mr. f 

Peter^; said that m.y business should be done il c next ; 

«iay at nine o'clock in the morning. \ 

10. il and 12, I waited, but my business v/:;o uoi I 

4.jnc acceidiiig to exoectation. f 

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435 

i 13, About three o'clock in the uflernoon I left the 

town. 

14. About t\vi> in tlie atternoou I came to Easton. 

I immediiitely paid my respects to Major Parsons, 

who told nie that I should take a supply of ammuni- 

tion ; whereupon. I provided sacks- and took one hun- 

dred poLuuls of powder, and one hundred pounds of 

lead, and a hundred flints. 1 received also a copy 

from his Honor the Goveriior's orders, to remove to 

fort Hamilton. I left Eas!.on at about six o'clock ; 

went about five miles. 

15. I camea.ife to fort Hamilton with the ammu- 

nition, about six o'cloclc iu the afternoon, and found 

all things in good order. 

1 16. At eight o'clock m the morning, I disciplined 

the men, and ordered tlieui all to shoot at a mark, ai 

|/ ; arms ends; some of them did exceedingly well ; then 

I taking an escuii of nien with me, I went to fort 

i Hyndshaw, whure we all arrived safe. I immediate- 

ly called the men to arms, and ordered every one to 

get his clothes, and whatever he had, together as 

quick as possible, and bo ready to march to fort 

Hamilton. 

17 and 18. After discipling the men as usual, we 

made every thing ready for our march. 

19. About nine o'clock in the morning we all 

f marched from fort Hyndshaw with all the baggage, 

and all arrived safe at fort Hamilton, and met with no 

s 

opposition ; found all dii» l^s in good order there, 

20. At eight in the mornmg called the men under 

arm^, and after exercising ihem, ordered out six mei:. 

at Samuel Depue's request, to guard him in taking 

hi. -v*fe to the Doctor at Bethlehem, who tarried all

436 APPENDIX. 

night at said Depue's. The same day I weni on 

scout with four men and one neighbor, to bccomo 

acquainted iu the woods, as also to see if any tlif: 

covery could be made of the enemy ; but I maac du 

discovery; returned to the fort. 

21. At eight o'clock exercised die men. At abcLsi 

twelve o'ciocic the guard that accompanied Samiiei 

Depue and his wfc, returned to the fori ; dicr; I 

ordered a guiird of ion men, who went olf under liie 

care of a corporal, with Samuel Depue, with arders 

that after they had' guarded said Depue as far as nccu- 

ful, to carry a message from me to the JNIajor at 

Easton, and to loturn as soon as a despatch coiild l^-i 

made. 

22. Exercis.^d tiie men that remained at tin: ion 

as usual. Notl.dng extraordinary happened; ':. .:!! 

kept the fort. 

23. In dio niuriiing, near eleven o'clock, th ; lo.. 

was alarmed by some of the neighbors who had 

made their esc;'}ie from the enemy ; tive oi thcin in 

company, near Broadhead's house, seeking iheir 

horses, in order to go to mdl, were fired upon L.y ll;t; 

enemy; and said that one of them, John Tidd by 

name, was killed. Whereupon I immediately drai'icd 

nine men, myself making the tenth, in as private .• 

manner as possible, and as privately went back iiv :: 

the mountains^ in order to make a discovery; iîviiit, 

strict ordi-rs to those left, to fire the wall-piece to alarm 

us if any aUack should be attempted on the lort, in 

my absence. Tiiere were but six ment left, at tii- 

fort ; and coming iu sight of said house, on tiic by;k 

side, r perceived sor.ie smoke arise near the }iuu.ê . 

^l.'en traVoiiii:ig ubf.i.H a quarter of a mile, in bi L' . 

)

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AprK-'xDix, 

437 

surround thein, we liecjd tour guns, the first of which 

being much lounder tJiau iKerest, I expected tlie fort 

was attacked ; ^vllereupon we retreated about a 

quarter of a niil.MUid bt-aring no more guns, my 

counsel was to go to ilis iiuuse ; but my pilot, who was 

well acquainicd ^vlth liiC woods, thought it best to 

place oursfdres in ambush, for they would come that 

way, he said; and as we o.scended the mountain in 

order to place our!^.elvfS, v/e saw the house in a blaze, 

and the pilot thought htsi to retire a little nearer between 

the house and die fort, where we might have 

abettcjr view; and m the retreat we heard fourteen 

guns fired as qrdck ii; succession as one could count. 

Then we i)laccd ourselves in two companies, the bet- 

ter to way-lay them; die party that was nearest be- 

tween the house and the fort, and saw twenty-seven 

endeavoring to get l;etu'een them and the fort. I 

with ihe oih. r i-ariy 

,â^v five more coming on the 

other side; we foimd that we were discovered, and 

likely to he surrounded by a vast number, wherefore 

we all retreated, and got between them and tlie fort, 

theii halting, thry came m view; I then cliallenged 

them to come, and find ai them; and although at a 

considerable distance, it >vas generally thought one 

of them was killed, by thcu' squatting and making otf 

Then we all returned to the fort. Immediately upon 

our return, a scout of thirteen men from the Jerseys, 

who were in search of Edward IVhirshall's wife, who 

was killed sometinie ago,came to the fort, being led 

there by sL-eing die smoke ;ind liearhig the guns fired, 

who all seemed forward to after the Indians, when : 

with nine men went out with them j but having gut 

c.jae disiiuice out, diey v/otdd go to the house to se.

438 ArrENDix. 

whether the said inon Avas killed. Being come, Wi! 

found him killed and scalped ; his body and face were 

cut inhumanly. There were also some cattle lying 

dead on the ground ; Avhereupon they all went oil', 

and left me wiih my small number to take care of the * 

dead man, v/hereupoa we took liini up and retuiiicd | 

to the fort, in which time my men that had gor^; lo i 

Kaston returned to the fort. ! 

24 At about nin!i in the morning, having nuidci f 

ready, I w tut v,'ilh eighteen men and buried the inuHj 

then went i'rom the grave in search and found fit'wM'n 

cattle, horsey aiul hogs dead, beside two tliat weie 

shot, one with five l)iillets, the other with one. and 

yet there are ni;iiiy missing out of which the enemy \ 

took, as we judge, iht; value of two beeves and almost I 

one swine. In tlie evening sent an express by two | 

men to Major Parsons. | 

25. Discipliri'.d the men; nothing exlraordiicuy 

happened 5 all kept the fort; at eight two men tl ;it 

had gone with the express to Easton, returned in 

safety to the fort, 

26. Eaily in ilie morning, I received the Majoi's 

letter, in which lie blicwed himself very uneasy thai |. 

the men at fort Norris had not joined me, and dcbiicd i 

me to send to fori Norris, to know the reason, and 

| 

thinking it might be occasioned for want of carrii'gcs I 

to bring tlieir stores, he desired me to endeavor to J 

send a wagon thither. Accordingly as I was en- 

deavoring all I could, m compliance with the Mii)oj''s' i 

desire, about three o'clock in the al'ternoon, Licui. | 

Hyndshaw came to the fort with ten men from Cap- 

| 

tain Wsatherold, and six from fort Norris, showing 

his'ôrder from Colon( 1 Weiser for him to cointr'.-ind 

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ATTXY-imx. 439 

fort Hamilton, and I'or me to abide with a small num- 

ber of men at fort ilynJslurvV. 

27. At eight in ttie morning, I called my men un- 

der arms as usual, and drafted eleven, sent them un- 

i der the care of a corporal, with three neighbors in 

search of some cattle, which, they feared, had been 

taken or killed by the enemy, at which time the Lieutenant 

undi;rfool: to talk w ith me, and proposed to me 

that if I would let him have six out of the men he 

had froni Captum Wenthcrold, he would go to fort 

Hyndshaw, and stay there until further orders, and 

fs'if leave the six men who ho brought from fort Norris 

< with me, whicii f could nut comply with, as not being 

I 

I I in ^my power. Having moved to fort Hamilton by 

^ I his Honor the Governor's order, there to be rein- 

forced by a detiiclirncnt liom fort Norris, and there 

to stay till further orders, at which the Li-eutenant 

went otV with a serj -ant and a waiter he brought 

with him from fort .V.iigui.ta, and left the sixteen men 

he had brought under no ones care. The scout that 

had gone out, all returned safe to the fort, finding 

what tliey went in searcli of, all well. 

28. After exercising my men as usual, I sent out 

a scout of twelve menjiaiider the care of the SergeauL 

who travelled about six miles out; all returned safe 

to the fort, having made no discovery. I not being 

fully satisfied oia accourit of tlie men left with me 

whom I could do no less than feed and give them 

their proper allowance o( rum, wherefore I wrote ia 

Major Parsons, laying the circumstances of the mat- 

ter us near iis possible before him, desiring his advice 

what to do ill ihe case., the which I sent olf in .he 

i.v.!iiing by tl.e Seigeant and one of the men.

440 

2i>. Ai'tcr Gxerci.-,ing the men, I sent oft^ six luen 

luidcr the care of the coporal, with six of those nten 

that the Lieutciiaut left, wlio voluntarily went to assist 

and to guard one Petei- Snyder in taking otf some- cftt- 

tle, which he had loft hack sometime ago in IK Lini; 

from being killed by the enemy in the night, 'i'hc 

Sergeant and his nioii retm-ned safe from Easton A'/iU, } 

a letter from ihe IMajor, in which he advised rue lo 

I'ut the said men on duty, who. were left with nu' 

aad v;hereii:> he cxpeuted Colonel Weiser to b.. ht,rc 

in a few days, to kcop the fort until lie came, lie 

also desired me to endeavor to. hasten Lieut. riDiic 

Engle's march lo fori; Hamilton. 

30. I put the men left with me on duty, li: il.'^ 

afternoon the lueii ;liai guarded Peter Snydur ;dl. 

returned safe to the fort. 

Jult/ I. lu the morning called my men m.i In 

j 

arms; drafted (lu men, whom I sent under the ar^ i 

of tiio Sergeant, with nine of those men the Lieutci,- 

ant had lefi at the fort, whom I ordered whither iwid l 

how far they should taivel and scout, the which \hvv \ 

performed, aad returned at about one o'clock- in [ 

the afternoon J iho Lieutenant came past the fort. 

stopping at Jolm McMichael's, who soon after came I 

to the fort and sh.jvvfcd an order from Colonel Weis.;?: f 

that I should resign the command at fort Ilamiltcui lo ! 

Jiim, upon which I called nry men under arms, and as \ 

1 was sending for the Lieutenant to give up the com- \ 

mand to him, the sentinel hearing music acquaiiued I 

mo Willi It ; I expected it was the Colonel comir.g, 1 

delayed i.iiiil tlie Colonel came, who weighing the 

clrcuinstances of things, still continued me in po.>,êii- 

sion of said fort. 

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'2. At eight iu the iiiouiing, the men were called 

to arms, at which lime the Colonel took a view of the 

men and their avir;s, ond finding all in good order ; 

and after giving orders for tie regulation of the com- 

pany at about twelve o'cloelc, the Colonel with hi.'s 

attendants ntarched off; after which we all kept tlic 

fort. 

3. All k.ipt (tie fori, it bemg Sunday. 

4. Afu.-r (lisciplitig the i/ieu, a party of twelve men, 

imder the command of a Sergeant, sent to Samuel 

Depue's with a team for necessary siibsistance, all 

retm-ned sate to the fort iu tiie evening, according to 

orders. 

5. Very rainy wealiier ; unfit for scouting or ex- 

ercise ; 

all kept the fort. 

G. At eight m the niorniug I called the men to 

exercise and gave ihem i 

lie necessary counsel how to 

behave according (o the orders given to. me by the 

Colonel; at which time cjm]ilaints were made to me 

by some of the men, that some neighbors that resided 

ill the fort were lousy, by winch means the whole 

garrison would soon be in the same condition. I then 

ordered the corporal witli tluee men to assist him to 

make a search, and he found that one Henry Cuntraman 

and his family, and one John Hillman and his 

family, were lousy. I oidered them out of the fort 

to their own hou.ses, it beiag but eight or nine rods, 

from the fort. I then employed the men to clean the 

fort within doov.s and without, which was accordingly 

done. I also sent out a scout of four men, with three 

neighbor.'^, \v\io voluidiirily went, in hopes to find 

.•)Omv I..', tie ihey had missed, and to return the same

41.:i APPENDIX. 

day, winch they dul m the evening; makmg no dis- 

covery of any ciRiny. 

7. At eiirh.i ni the morning I callevl the men to 

their cxercisesj lliea tlivided the men into two guards, 

each guard to stan;! their day ; those that were not on 

guard to be employed in scouting, guarding iho 

neighbors, and m things necesssary to be dono at.out 

the fort, and g^^ve strict orders to those that wnre un 

guard, that tii^^y sliould not leave their posl, nor gu 

from ion to fort; and that every sentinel shonld be- 

have well on his post. About one o'clock In ilu; 

afternoon, havuig occasion to go to John McMicha-jl's, 

1 saw John Jough corning out of the woo.l:; widi i 

hoop-poles on hit; shoulder, wlio was one of die 

guard; immediately the corporal came to said lioiisc. | 

I then went honiu, and finding the glass na, out, ( 1 

examined the mader, and found that the seniinol hal \ 

stood hiy projitu' nnio out, and ouglit to be rcli'vcil, J | 

tlierefore callod the next man on the list, and saw^ u; 

his relief myself The men that were not ou gTuud, 

I employed in banking the earth against tire stockadeS; \ 

U) prevent the waters settling in and running into die I 

well, what I found to be the occasion that the warer | 

was so bad iii the well. 

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S. At eiglu in the morning I relieved the guard; | 

after which i erxiployed the old guard in cleuuiug ovu j 

the well. 

9. .W'hji die guard had been relieved, a vi:(!ut oj • 

ten n'iCii wiUi the Sergeant went with some of \lw, 

jieighbors to Mr. Eroadhead's place, who uent o;) I 

jiecessary business ; met with no opposili ii : all ri:- \ 

tvuned sale to the fort. 

]0.. Suriday. A scout of six men went io Samue! 1 

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y, ArrENmx. 443 

Depue's on necessary basiiiess ; on tlieir return, they 

heard, they said, a person whistling, whom they sup- 

posed to be an Lidian ; but seeing nothing, all re- 

turned safe to the fr>rt. 

11. After the guard liad been relieved, the Ser- 

geant witii the old guard, te)i men, were sent out on 

scout to the south-cast, and as far as they could return 

by night, which was perf:->nijed. Meeting no oppo- 

sition, not disco veririg any signs of the enemy, all re- 

turned safe to the fort. 

12. At eight in the morning I called the men to 

their exrK.i.sfs, ana relievrd die guard; after which,on 

John McMichael's nnporiuniry, I ordered ten men as 

a guard, where he was cutting his harvest, some dis- 

tance from the Ibrt, witii whum I went myself, and 

placed them to the besc advantage I could, orderii g 

none to fire his gun, excei)t at an enemy; and that 

three guns should be an alarm. They meeting no 

opposition, all returned safe to the fort. 

13. After the men had exercised, and the guard 

had been relieved, it wa^ my intention to guard John 

McMichael as ihe day be lore, but his son-in-law 

coming from a long journey or voyage, detained him 

from labor ; wherefore I then took the old guard, 

consisting of ten men and three neighbors, with whom 

I went on a scout, directing my course south about 

five miles from die fort, from thence west two miles, 

thence, by judgniciit. uorthcrly, so as to come to the 

fort, in wliich way v/e came by the Separatist's meet- 

ing house, where we found the enemy had lodged not 

long since ; they leaving a bod of fern even in tha 

pulpit; but meeting no opposition, all relumed sale 

to Ilrj fort.

444 

APPENDIX. 

14. Ai sevt;!i in tlie morning I called tlie iulu i. 

their exercises, aîd the guurii being relieved, I dien 

went with Jojiu i^.I JVrichael and ten of my men, as a 

guard, 10 protecl him and the meni he emi)loyed at f 

his harvest j posting live men a small distance iVcm 

tlie field, which. I thought best to discover the oiieray 

if any should altonvpt to fall upon tlie people at \v'orl(, 

the other five i posted in the field. At about three 

a'dock ji- the ..fteinoon, I went Avith the curporai I 

around the ou,i seii'.inels as privately as we coild, and » 

found them all on their guard. J 

15. It being very rainy, and unfit to be wiU wA[ ' 

arms, v/e all ke[jt ilie fort. 

16. The ram eciitinuing till near twelve c'rl jck ; i, 

1 then went to John McMichael's, and asked hiM 

whether he wo:j ready to go to his harvest; but I sa^v 

no pre])aratior. or inclination for it,whecefore I v.vi.i 

to the fc.rt, inn luliiig to go on scout with u par; of the 

men after dinner, but before we were ready, foi,! met; 

came to the lort, with an order from Colonel Weiêr, 

dated June 14, 1757, the contents were as follows 

That lie had sent orders to Lieutenant Hyndshaw, le 

attend the treaty widi the ten men of Captain Weath- 

erold's company, and ordered me therefore, withoui 

fail to send ten men from fort ITamilton to ie])UiCG 

those ordered away ; 

whereupon I immediately draft- 

ed nine men, the corporal making the tenth, v/lioru I 

sent off iC' the lientenant the same day, as soon as 

they could get ready, which was about half ui hour 

after receiving the ColonGl's orders,to the Lieutenant. 

f.o staiion IheUi us hu thought fit ; the which 1 le posted \ 

:it S. Depue's. i 

17. Sunday, seven of my small parly, ;u.d foui ' 

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M\i 

APi'KNDIX. 445 

neighbors went on scont uiider the command of t\te 

Sergeant, who travelled soiiihwesterly about six 

miles, then taking a compass northerly, all returned 

safe, making no discovery of an enemy. 

18. At eight iii the morning, I went with five men 

and guarded John MclVIichael at his harvesting place^ 

placed them seirtinol.s a siriall distance from the field, 

and two in the field, ^"/iih the men at work ; 

no opposition, all returnod to the fort. 

meeting 

19. Early in ilie moniiug, one Garret Broadhead 

applied to me for a guard, to whom I said, I would 

do for him what lay m my power with the (g\v men 

I had. I tlien ordered live men under the care of the 

Sergeant, and went myself with one man to accompanyme 

to the fort, and placed the sentinels in the 

best manner I cotdd for sal'ety ; leaving orders with 

the Sergeant, that fuiiig three guns should be an 

alarm; and then retuinod to the fort, and attended 

guard until the second duiitjle sentry. 

20. Guarded IJroadhead's as the day before ; all 

returned safe to die ibii;. 

21. In compliance with the Colonel's orders, early 

in the morning, I sent to Samuel Depue's for tlie 

mare he had in keeping, in order to send my message; 

to the Colonel at Easton, who returned with said 

mare, sate in the evening. 

Also four men guarded John Drake at his harvest, 

with orders to give an account of what happened 

which was all v/cll , biu as to their behavior after 

their coming tu the fori, 1 .t:hall acquaint the Colonel 

ot tlic iiuater. 

;

- r^v 

BURD'S JOURNAL,

A JOURNAL 

COLONEL JAMES BURD, 

:'"rom Tebruary 16. 1^ 17 .ih. March 10th, 1758. 

February 16, I75b. Thursday. This morning 

1 set out from Laujasin u> \ isit the troops from Sus- 

450 APPENDIX. 

found Captains Patterson and Davis here with tigluy 

men. Tiia Captaii:is inl'onned me that they had iio; 

above three loads of anniuniition a man— I onlorod 

Mr. Barney Il,|ighc.s to send up here a barrel ol'ijow- 

der and lead unswovalilu ; 

in the meantime, bonouLiI 

ol'Thonias Galiaalier lonrjKmnds ot'powder and oik- 

lunidred pounds oi l.-ad. 1 ordered a review oi'ilit: I 

garrison to-morrovv' morning at U' o'clo(dv. 

Sunddy With. Had a review this morning l 

Captain PaUcibon's eompany, and found thoi'i coii;^ 

plete, fiUy-lhrcc man, Idrty-four province arins, ;!nil 

ibrty-lbur carloiirh boxes—no powder, nor Iim.I. 1 

divided oue-hetli' ]'int ot"])owder, and lead in jioj)

iiWENDIX. 451 

Tuesday, at 10, A. M., at Fort Swettarrow. The 

country is thic)s.ly settled. This march was along the 

Blue laountains—here are very fine plantations. 

Monday, 20/h. I marched thi:5 morning at 11, A. 

M.; met a sergeant and tv/clvc men, wlio marched 

with me back to Sv/ettarro\v'^ Fort, at -1, P. M. Tlie 

roads extremely bad 

— 

ilic .ôldiirs marched with great 

difficulty. Found Captain A Hen and thirty men here. 

This is eleven miles from Crawford's, 

Tuesdaij ^ 2\st. ixuviewed ilic garrison tliis morn- 

ing at 10, A, M., and formd thirty-eight men, viz: 

Iwenty-one belonging to Capt. Allen, and seventeen 

of a detachment from Ca[)Laii liVeiser's company; of 

Captain Allen's, thirteen were for three years. No 

province arms lit for use ; no ivcttles, no blankets, 

twelve pounds of powder, and twenty-five pounds of 

lead; no powder horiib, no punches, nor cartouch box- 

es; no tomahawks, nor \)\ -lincial tools of any kind 

—two month's provision. 

Some soldiers absent, and others hired in their 

place, which has been a custom here. The soldiers 

are under no discipline. I ordered a sergeant and 

twelve men to be always out upon the scout from 

hence to Crawford's, keeping along the Blue moun- 

tain, altering their rontes, aiui a target to be erected 

six inches thick in order to practice the soldiers in 

shooting. 

This day 12 M., the country pleople came liere ; I 

promised them to sialion aii oilicer and twenty-five 

men at Robertson'i, mill This mill is situated in the 

. centre beiween the foris SwcUarrow and Hunter. 

^ This gave the peop!'.; content. 

i ma;.'he;| (U 1 .P. xM., forlort lieiuy ; at 3 P, M.,

4.52 APPENDIX. 

got to Souder's, seven miles; left Lieutenant Broad- 

head to march tlie party four miles, to Snevely's, there 

to halt ail night, and to march to fort Henry in the 

morning, six miles. The roads being very Lad 

marched myself with Adjutant Kern and eigiit men 

on horse back ; arrived at fort Henry at 5 P. i\l. 

Found hero Captain Weiser, Adjutant Kern, and the 

ensigns Biddle and Craighead, doing duty with nnie 

ty men. (hdercd a review of the garrison to mjrrov; 

at 9 A. iVI. 

PFednesday 22n>l. Had a review this morniiit^- ai 

9 A. M. ; 

ibwiiil ninety soldiers \mder good corniuaiid. 

and fine feUow'>. I examined the stores, awA I'ouiul i 

about two m.jntlis' provision in store, and am in- I 

formed hy iho commanding officer, there h twu I 

months' more provision, ahout six miles from hc'e,?u h 

Jacob Myer's mill. No powder, two hundred an.] 

twenty -fjur pmuuis of lead, no thnts, about < igluy | 

provincial arms belonging to these two comp;t)iiti I 

but all good for nodiing. 

I ordered ensign Craighead with eighteen ir!exi ci i 

this garrison, to march to-morrow morning to fori | 

Swettarrow, and there to apply to Captain Aile[i; ! 

to receive Irom lam seven men, and with his pariy j 

of tweniy-five men, to march from thence to Robert- » 

son's mill, there to take post, to order from thcn;;a a * 

sergeant, cor[)oral and eight men to the house o[ 

\ 

Adam Read, Eyq.. and to employ his whole party in i 

continual ranging to cover these frontiers. This ) I 

found myself under a necessity of doing, otherwise | 

several to v/nsjnps here, would be evacuated m a few \ 

days. 

I ojdcred ensitî! Haller to march back mv u Cuj' | 

; 

j 

{

ArrKN'DIK. 453 

to Hunter's full lO-niaiiow morning, and Captain 

Weiser to continue to range from this to fort Nortii 

Kill and Swettarrou^, to eni]>loy all his judgment to 

way-lay the enemy, and proleclthe inhabitants. This 

is a very good stockade fort, and every thing is in 

good order, and duty done prelly well. 

I marched to-ilay at 11 A. M., and arrived at 

Conrad Weiser's at 3 P. M., fourteen miles, where I 

found four qnarter casks *i[' powder belonging to the 

province, three of which I ordered to fort Henry, and 

one to fort Sweitarrow ; no lead here ; very bad 

roads; cold weaiher j staid all night. 

, Thursday 

23y'i. I marched this morning and ar» 

rived at Reading at 3 P. M. ; found Captain Morgan 

here. This is fourteen miles from Mr. Weiser's. I 

examined the stores here, and found seventy-seven 

blankets, eight [louiids ol powder, three hundred 

pounds of lead, and balf a cask of flints, I ordered 

fifty-six blankets to be seat to Captain Patterson's 

company, and eleven to Captain Allen's, two hundred 

pounds of lead to fo;t Henry, and one hundred 

pounds to Swettarrow. I gave the eight pounds of 

powder to Captain Morgan, and four hundred flints 

to each company. 

Before I came to Reading, Adjutant Kern had sent 

by Lieutenant Engel, blankets for four companies, 

viz : Captains On id it's Weatherholt's, Davis' and 

Garraway's, two hundred and twenty-four, and one 

quarter cask of powder, thr;.'e liundred bars of lead, 

and si.viceu iiundred flints. 

Friday 2'IM. TiJ.s morning I set out for foit 

Wil.Lam, Arrived at P?A(:i- Rodarmil's at 2 P. M.,

454 APPENDIX. 

fifteen miles from Reading. It stormed and liowoi 

£0 prodigiously, so I staid here all night. 

Saturday 25ih. The snow deep; I marched dih 

morniiiO; for fort William; arrived at fort Wn[i:;m;M 

12 M. Here were Lieutenant Humphreys, aini Ch- 

sign Horry. 1 ordered a review of the garrison at '^ \ 

P. M. At '2 P. M. reviewed the garrison, aiidfovaul i 

fifty-three good men, but diffident in discipline. Tm 

stores coubist of thri;e quarter casks of powdei, onn 

huridrcd aiiil iiUy p jioids of lead, four hundrij'l ili'.i- 

and fifty six blaukeiis ; no arms fit for use, iic k':[[\:\ 

nor toul.Sj nor ilnitu ; two months provision. 

Here I Ibuud a iurget erected ; I ordered the con 

pany lo shocn at the same; set them tlie exampk: 

myself by wheeling round and firing by the word v\ 

command. 1 shot a bullet into the centre oi' (1:. ir 

mark, the size of a dollar—distance, one hniidiî 

yards. Sonu' ,>t' them shot tolerably bad. Mo.,i ./i 

iheir arms an. very bad. 

I ordered Captain Morgan to continue to iiiitvo! (., 

North Kill and Allemengel. 

Sundciij 2Gi/i. 1 marched from here at 10 .1. :\i 

went ever the mountains to Mr. Everitt's, u-her,' 

Captairi Weatlierold is stationed. The snow rxcji .1- 

ingly deep ; I could make little way. At 3 P, M. ;u- 

rived at Valentine Philteprot's, twenty miles. He!'. 

I staid all nighi. 

Mondiiy 21th. i marched this morning at :;' .-. . M. 

for Mr. Everilt's; arrived at f) A. M., four Uiile.s. \ 

ordered a review of ihat part of the comj)aiiy that ib 

here. 1 found Capudn Weatherholt, Lieuti'i.fn Gei- 

gcr, and twenty-four men, three being sick a)id absent 

' 

tliree months' prcviion; five pounds of pov.'i.r; i. 

-; 

,

AITENDIX. 455 

lead ; each man has a pound of powder in his car- 

touch box, and lead in proportion ; no kettles, no 

blankets, twenty picviiicial arms. 

I ordered Captain Weatlierholt fifty-six blankets, 

twenty-live pounds of powder, fifty bars of lead, and 

four hundred bars of lead : also that Captain Weath- 

erold to scout to the wssiwi\rd ten miles, and to the 

eastward ten nules;, and Lieutenant Geiger from 

hence to las post in Colonel Armstrong's battalion. 

I marched fjoni ihcuce lo I'oit Allen at H A. M. 

got to the top of the lilue mountain at 2 P. M. ; 

; 

from 

hence saw Alleiuoiigle : it is a line country; but the 

country on the iiorth side of the mountain is an entire 

barren wilderness, not capable of improvement, i 

arrived at fort Allen at half after 2 P. M. A prodig- 

ious hilly place and poor land, fifteen miles from Mr. 

Everitl's. I ordered a review of this garrison to mor- 

row at H A. M. 

Tuesday 2ti//i. At A. M. 1 reviewed this garrison. 

Domg duty, Cajjiain Oindit, Lieutenants Hays 

and Laughcrry,and Eiisign Meixill, and seventy-five 

men. This is a very 2ood garrison. In the stores, two 

inontlis' provision, two hundred and twenty-five 

pounds of powder, thiee hundered pounds of lead, 

five hundred flints, two swivel guns, twenty-six pro- 

vincial arms, bad ones, no drum, no kettles, no 

blankets, one spade, one shovel, one grubbing hoe and 

Ibiirteen bad axes. 

Tins is a very poor stockade; surrounded with hills, 

situaced o\i a barren plain, through which the rivet 

Lechy (Lehigl') runs, at a distance ol seventy yaro-i 

Irom tii: ion. 'I'here is scarce room here lor forty 

i'a :,. 1 oiilered Captain Orndit to regulate his rang-

456 AITENDIX. 

ing by hii> intelHgence, from time to time, as Ik- in- 

£ormod mo lliat five Indians from Bethlehem iiuve 

promised faithfully to Captain Onidit, to come liort, 

^nd reconnoiire die woods constantly around, and to 

furnish him with iatolligence. 1 also directed tlu.t a 

target six inches diick, should be put up to teach liic 

soldiers to shoot. 

I set off from here at 10 A. M. for Lieutenant ii-- 

gle's, or Intel's post ; arrived at Ingle's post at i P 

M. ; ordered a review immediately, and found litie 

Lieutenant Ingol and thirty good nion, in a very bcuj 

stockade, which ne is just finishing, fifteen miles ivarn 

fort Allen. The stoio.^ are ten poimds of powder, icn I 

pounds of lead, twelve provincial arms, bad; no .( 

blankets, four spades, three shovels, two grubbing \ 

hoes and four axes. 1 left for, arrived at Lieuteii

'01 9, 

APPENDIX, 457 

liave ordered a regimentul court martial this morn- 

ing. At this stcition th;;re are two baracks ; no 

stockade. 

I marched from here to Lieutenant Hyndshaw's 

station at 10 A. M. ; arriv^cd at Nazareth at 1 P. M.^ 

eight miles ; dined here ; set off again at 2 P. M. ; 

arrived at Tead's ru 3 P M., six miles. Here I 

found Ensign Kennedy, wdth sixteen men, who in- 

formed rnc tJKit LiGutcuaDt Ilyndshaw, and Ensign 

Hughes would be here oiie hour hence. At hah 

after 5 P. M., IVfessrs. Hyndshaw and Hughes arrived 

with fourteen men. I ordered a review, and found 

tliirty good uier.. Stores—lifty pounds of powder., 

one hundred pounds of lead, no flints, one wall piece, 

one shovel, thirteen axes good fair nothing, and twen- 

ty tomahawks, fifty-six blaidiets, forty-six guns and 

forty-six cartouch boxes ; 

little provision here, and no 

convuniency tu lay u]) a t;u»re. This is very bad quar 

ters ; the house is built ir. a swamp; bad water. 

Thursday 2nd. 1 marched from here at 9 A. M. 

for Samuel Depue's, went by way of fort Hamilton, 

to view that piaee. Arrived at fort Hamilton at 2 P. 

M. ; reviewed it, and found it a very poor stockade 

with one large house iii the middle of it, and some 

families living in it ; this is fifteen miles froniTead's. 

I arrived at Mr. Depue^s at 4 P. M., six miles ^ 

snowed much, and prodigiously cold ; ordered a review 

to-morrow id D A. M. 

This is a Hue plantation, situate on the river Dela- 

ware, tv.'êniy-onc miles from Tead's, and one hundred 

miles from Philadelphia ; 

they go in boats from here 

to Pluladelphia, by the river Delaware, which carry 

iLjM tweuty-two lons= This place is thirty-five

458 APPENDIX. 

miles from EasioHj aud tliirty-eiglit from BethlelisriL 

There is a pretty good stockade here; four swivels 

mounted; good accommodations for soldiers. 

Friday 2/'d. I reviewed this garrison and ftumd 

here twetiiy-two good men, fifty pounds of powilcr, 

one hundred aiid twoiiLy-five pounds of lead, no llihis, 

a great qiL:a;liiy oJ" bc:of, I suppose eight months' [uo- 

vision for a Luaipaiiy. IjuL no Hour ; plenty of tloiir vil 

the mill, ai;

APPENDIX, 455! 6'^ 

.me ihey would not \c>\ ilio futare. Here I staid aU 

niglit. 

Monday ^th. 'J'liis morning set otl for PiiiladLl 

]»hia-, arrived at 6 P. il., at George Good's tavenu 

thiity-two miles; roads lâd, but good weather; stni;! 

lieru all night. 

Tuesday 7tu. This morning set out again f. 

Phiiad'iphia ; airived al 8 P. INI., twenty-twu mil- - 

JAMKS BlJHIi 

i'hUadc(jj/tia, Mar'di it). 175.S. 

r

AliHEiNDA

— 

FllAGMEiNT OV A JOUllNAL, 

ConlainiiiE an acccmnt of doings rl Fort North Kill, for a jjeriod of two 

inonths and a Lalf, viz : from June 13 to August 31. 

O^Tliouirh tho name nf iho writer is not given, nor the year, yet it 

may be safely set down tiiat tlie djinga mentioned in the journal did 

take place either in 1755 cr 1750". Compiler. 

JuNC 13. Received onli rs trom Lieutenant Colonel 

Weiser to march Ironi Ucatling with all the conipaiiy 

remaining there, the rest being commanded to fort 

Augusta. Accordingh/ I set out from Reading by 

break of day, on the 

14. Arrived ui Liciucnant Colonel Weiser's, where 

I received orders to inarch with the company or de • 

tâchment to fort Henry, and from there take a detach- 

ment of 20 men and continue till to fort on North 

Kill. Accordingly, on the 

15. In the morning tO(/k the said 20 men from fort 

Henry, of the nev/ levies, and marched straightway 

to tlie said tun, accompanied with Captain Brisseanu 

Captain Smith. As soon asi I arrived I gave ensiu.i 

Harry (then commander of the said fort) notice of my 

orders, uiid sent off two inen immediately to lit

464 APPENDIX. 

'Colonel'.s, with a icport of tlie condition I found ilie 

fort in, anil sent him a list of the new levies v/ho f 

were detached fr^m Captain Brisse's fort, wilh nic f 

ro this fort, ] 

Id. Caplaiiis Bris5>e and Smith set off about 10 » 

o'clock, with a ftcoul of 10 men, which Captain Biiote 

had ordered from his company on the 15th, and eii- i 

sign Hurry marched out of the fort about 12 o'clock, \ 

after delivering it t.> me, with his men, to fort ].e- 

banon, according to (jrders. Provision, I found in the f 

fort, as follows, viz; 5 pounds of powder, 198 pounds i 

of flour, 10 ^•n\all hais of lead, 15 pounds of bcci" aixl ; 

pork, and l-'-l pomids of candles. 

17. I, with a Ci»rporal and 20 men, according to or- 

ders, from Lieui. Coldtiel Weiser, went a scouting a>.;d { 

ranguig the wooJs till to fort Lebanon, who:; ^ve 

arrived about 2 o'clock in the afternoon. We s;iaid 

there all night, luring not able to scout any faril; ;r,or j 

return home, lu'causc of a heavy rain. | 

18. Set oJf from fort Lebanon in the morning, be- 

ing rainy weatljcr, and ranged the woods coming J 

back, as before, wilh the same number of men. and | 

arrived at fort on North Kill, about 4 o'clock m the ! 

afternoon. 

19. Gave orders to Serjeant Peter Smith to scouc '] 

to fort Lebanon, and to bring me report, the next ihiy. \ 

of his proceedings. Accordhigly, he arrived on ilic 

20th, about 3 o'clock in the afternoon, and made re- 

port that be Jiad done according to his orders, and ! 

that hu had made no discoveries. Received a leiler, ! 

by him, from Captain Morgan, informing me th:.( lu? i 

had no aew&^&LC. 

yi. Scut oil Coipo

A1>1>£NDIX. 465 

22. Minister Sl'uniaker came and preached a ser- 

mon to the company. The scout arrived from fort 

Lebanon. The Corporal reported that nothing strange 

had come to his knowledge. 

A scout of Capi\iu lîisse's arrived about 11 

o'clock, and returned about 4, towards their fori; but 

upon the Indian alarms tiiey immediately returned 

back to fori North Kill, and gave me notice. In the 

midst of the raiii I sent, on the fii-st notice, Serjeant 

Smith, with 18 niuu, and ordered them to divide 

themselves in two parties. 

23. Serg. Snddi recrr.ned, and made report: that he 

arrived at Dietz's house abcnu 10 o'clock in the night, 

where they heard a gun j^ô otf at Jacob Smith's, 

about a mile from ther(j. They immediately sat olf 

again tVom said Smith's, tov/ards the place where the 

gun went off, antl surr(nnid"d the house, according to 

my orders. Thi;y jêu \hed all the iiouse but found 

no marks of Indians. From there they marclied to 

Falk's house, in the Ciap, and surrounded it, but 

found no Indians. From tliere they went to the 

mountain, and arjivod ther; at 2 o'clock in the morningf 

where Serjeant Smith, according to orders, waylaid 

the road in two parties, and as soon as it was 

day went back and buried the man that was killed, 

to wit: Peter Gcisinger, who was shot and killed the 

day before. At burying him, they heard 5 guns go 

oil about two nnle.s from said place, whereupon Ser- 

jeant Suiith inmieJiately repaired to the ])lace, and 

divided themselves in two parties, (I had sent oil 

Corporal Sheffer with eight men, on the 22d, to their 

assistance.) Serjeant Smitl; also makes report, thai 

lliii e orning, at 7 o'clock; a girl of about 15 year-T., 

D2

466 

APl'ENDIX. 

daughter of B;.lsei Schmidt, was taken prisonci-, by 

two Indians, whose tracks they saw and folic wed, 

bat to no purpose. A party of Captain Bnsse's \ 

company wan aloiig from this and remained with I 

my men all the time. Fifteen or sixteen of tin; in- 

habitants c;vme to ma and applied for assistance. 1 

ordered out several uetachmcnts to assist them. 

24. I set o/l with 20 men from this to Ca^.tain i 

Brisse's fort, along the mountain, and called ut the 

place whore the nimdcr was committed. Wciu up \ 

as far as tha Gap of tlje mountain, but as I found no 

tracks thcw, I ihiniv^ht the Indians would be ou llii.-: i 

side the nôuntaiiis, therefore I went up alohg the | 

mountains without o{)position, till to Captain Biisse's 

fort; and as it rciined very hard all day, and we went 

far about, wo anived there towards tlie evening 

; 36. 

Sat off ill the morning with the same mimbot \ 

of nieiii and seoiucd the woods back, near the Si\mo 

way back again, and arrived, towards evening, in the 

fort, being rainy weather. 

26. Received in the morning a letter for my posi- 

tive ordera net to neglect my scouting toward:^ for* 

Lebanon, accordingly I immediately called in niy de- 

tachments. This ai"l(;rnoon, a woman, living abo;-i 

ow and a half miles from here, came to the fort, and 

said she had sec;i an Indian just now iri her field, al- 

most naked, and had a gun, but said she did not slay 

t

Ari'ENDix. 467 

guard the I'ort, 1 sciit out w) scout. This evening, 

intelligence came to me from the ColoneFs, informing 

me that he had notice t'rom (Japtain Orndt, of fifteen 

Indians going to foil on the settlement, or hereabouts. 

He ordL-red me therefore, immediately to send notice 

thereof to Captain l)t isso's fort, in order that it might 

be from there conveyed to tort Swatara, accordingly 

I did so. 

27. fiave orders lo Sergeant Smith to go scouting 

liie woods between this and fort Lebanon, and if 

Captain Morgan Uiouglit that it was serviceable, to 

range some way up Scliuylkill, as that gap is their 

common rendezvous. 

28. A scout of Captain lirisse arrived in the fore- 

noon, and set off again tins afternoon. 

29. In the evening there came two men to the 

fort, and reported that the Indians had invaded about 

ni.x miles from tin r*, about jiine o'clock this morning. 

I was somewhai concerned that I had no sooner in- 

telligence of it, however, I immediately sent off twelve 

men under two corporals. 

30. .\bout noon the twa corporals returned and 

That yesterday they could 

made the fuUowiug report ; 

not reach the place, as they all were tired, but staid 

at a houae till nigh break of day, and then set off 

again. They did not inmiediately go to the place 

where the man &.c. were killed, but went somewhat 

farther down tov/urds die Schuylkill, thinking that 

the Indians had invaaed lower down, but as it was 

not so, they took another route towards Schuylkill, 

thinking that perhaps the Indians had invaded lowei 

down, hut as it was not so, they took another route 

to ,.' i'h liio tjU.cc v;iierc the muider was committed

466 APPENDIX. 

and as tkey came th(3re, they found the man's wills 

(Frederick Myer's) who had been at a plough, and 

shot through both her breasts, and was scalped. After 

that they wen to look: for the man, whom they found 

dead and scalped, .s une way in the woods. I'lioy 

took a ladder and carrit^d him to his wife, where the 

neighbors came and helped to bury them ; 

after vhich 

(liey went towards ihe mountain, and scouted along 

the .same, and urvived here about 4 o'clock in the 

afternuoi!. 

It is reported by the farmer who saw the deceased 

a ihort while Lofon;, that he was mowing in hib 

meadow, and that his children were about him, A'/iiicli 

makes them btJicvc that the man after he heard the 

shot (whifh killed Lis wife) he went to run olf v.iUi 

only his youngest child in his arms, as the man v.as 

shot through the body, and the child is one year anJ 

a half ot" age and is bcalped, but yet alive, and i-. put 

to a Doctor's. The other three wlio were with ihei. l 

father, are taken prisoners ; one of them is a boy 

about ten years old, the other a girl of eight ye;!rs. 

and the uttier a hoy of six years. There was a ba.by 5 

whom tliey found in a ditch, that the water was juh-t * 

to its month. It was laying on its back, crying— it 

was taken up, and is like to do well. 

A boy of one Reichard, of eight years, was takoi { 

prisoner at the same time. This was all done witliio ! 

hah' an hoar, as soine neighbors had been thci : in i 

that space ot' tirnc. 

t/u/^' 1. Sergeant Peter Smith returned witl; the 

scout, and reported tbat wlien he came to fort fchd- J 

non, Captrdii Morgan sent a detachment uiiiJer Ru t 

sign Horry to the Gap of Schuylkill ; and tluitonib f 

f 

| 

] 

| 

| 

'

Ai-i-.\'M)ix. 46!) 

26th last past, they at;CL)nJed tlic mountain, and when 

tliey caine on llie other sidu, tliey found an encamping 

place of the Indians', which after Ensign Horry 

had surrounded with his party, he sent off Sergeant 

Smith whh another paUy, to lay in anihush on the 

Indian path all night, hut as nothing was to he heard 

of tlie Iiidians, they mot again the next day—the 

Indians as lie sup}»oses liaving left that place the day 

before. Howevêr, they found two match coats, one 

spear, one scalping kuitc, some vermilion, and eight 

hundred black wanipuiu ; 

also great variety of salves. 

The 29th ihey yet lay in ambush in several parties, 

but all to no pm[)ose. Tl'c Indians having, without 

doubt, discovered them, in case there was any there- 

abouts. The 30th they Sdt olf from the hills, and 

arrived within a few miles of this fort: and the 1st 

July they arrived accordingly in the Ibrt. 

2. Being rainy we;.thei f sent no scout, but put 

tiie men to work to repan- the stockades. 

3. Early in the morning my men were all gath- 

ered, and I ordered a Corporal to scout with a party 

to fort Lebanon, and return part of the way and encamp 

in the woods upon a rising ground, that he 

might the easier discover a fire. 

4. In the morning, a scout of Captain Brisse's arrived 

; and returned again in the afternoon. The 

scout from fort Lebanon returned, and the Corporal 

made report that he had runged as directed, but had 

made no discoveries. 

5. Being a veiy rainy day, could send no scout, 

a. Sent Sergeant Smith on a scout, to range or: 

that side Ure mountain toward Schuylkill. 

V. A. scout of Captam ilnsse's arrived, and set off

470 

APPENDIX. 

gigain directly. In th(3 afternoon my scout returned, 

but had no news. It raining hard, they lay in a liorise | 

about twelve miles from here, 

8. Boi'ig appointed by his Honor, the Goverdor, I 

a day of Fai;t, I sent no scout, but had a sermon read , 

in the fort, where numbers of tlie neighbors had as- 

sembled. A scout of Captain Brisse's arrived, and 

reiurned directly. 

9. Sent off Corporal Shefer with a scout t.; fort 

Lebanon, who retnnied on the } 

10. But brought no intelligence. I received ox 

ders to repair to Reading, where I arrived ihis | 

afternoon. 

11. Rt.turned again into the fort, where Sergeant 

Smith informed me a scout of Captain Brisse's had 

arrived at the fort, and returned. That he had r.iigcd 

the Gap about two miles from this, and had been over 

the mounliims, but had discovered nothing. 

12. A scout of Captain Brisse's arrived and re- 

turned immediately. Sent a Corporal and a scout ti» 

range to fort Lebanon. 

13. My scout Irum fort Lebanon returned. Tiie 

Corporal reported he had ranged as ordered, bia had 

no discoveries. 

14. Captain Brisse arrived this morning wiili a 

party of Captain Smith's and his own, to the number 

of about twenty-eight. 1 gave him fifteen cf my 

men, in oidor to escort the treaty at Easton. 

15. It being a rainy day I sent no scout. 

IG. Continuing rniny weather, I sent noscoiu. ir-. 

i\\e evening repaired .some stockades, the rain havitig 

held up. 

17. 'i'lic water being high, and the bushc:; wet, i 

| 

| 

j 

j 

j 

|

AI'l'ENDAX. 471 

(^ sent no scout, to-day. A scout of Captain BrisSe'S 

e arrived, there being no water between his and this 

fort. 

I 18. Seni a scout along the mountains. They ar- 

j rived in the evcuing; and hud no inteUigence. 

!9. A scout of Captniu Urisse's arrived and re- 

turned directly. Sent Sergeant Smith with a scout to 

fort Lebanon. 

20. Sergeant Srnnii returned and reported that he 

had bc( n itt fort Lebanon^ 'nul relumed some part of 

the way and laid in tlic woods, but had made no firOv 

They made no discovery. A scout of Captain Bris- 

se's arrived and lelarncd iiistantly. 

21. Having laid out part of my men to protect 

the farmers, and the rest Imlug fatigued whh yester- 

day's scout, I could send none to-day. 

22. Sent a scout along the mountains, who re- 

turneil wilhoiU discov^riiig anything. 

23. 1 went !icouiiiig wall a party over tlw3 mountains, 

and as it v/as very warm, I ordered the men 

about noon to rest themselves a couple of hours when 

we were over the mountains. I then ordered them to 

march, and as we came t

472 APPENDIX. ! 

Ihe Indians had (akcn a boy of about fourteen years i 

prisoner, biu had dcue no other damage. I inunedi- \ 

ately sent off a party , but as it happened, the boy being 

taken p?isoiier in the morning, night eame on before 

my men could get th^.-re. 

26. In the morning 1 heard the boy had escaped, 

and that he made report that there were four white I 

men and four Indians with him, and that at night he 

j 

escaped,- they had tied him, and he was obliged to i 

lay between them, but as they all got drunk, ai;d fa at I 

asleep, he untied himself and ran oft". He lurlher ^ 

says that v/lien ht; was taken prisoner he made a 

noise, and that tluy .struck him, and told him lo l^ 

silent. I nnagine they saw m-e with my men go over 

tire day before yesterday. The Indians were this 

night about the fort, but as it was very dark, 1 did 

not sally out. - 

2G. This moiiiing sent out Sergeant Smith .vith 

five men to search about the fort for tracks, but lie 

only found one, v.liich was in> muddy place. But • 

it being nothing but stones, he could not follow the 1 

tracks. It rained all day very hard, therefore I 

j 

could send no scout. f 

27. Sent a scout down on this side of the moun- 

tain. The scout returned in the evening, liavnig no | 

intelligence. < 

28. A -scout of Captain Brisse's arrived, and re- I 

turned about noon ; nothing extraordinary happened. j 

29. Sent Sergeant Smith with a scout aloi^g the 

mountains. He returned, having nothing particular, j 

30. A scout of Lieutenant Philip Weise/, from 

C-iptoni Brisse arrived Havmg laid out several de- 

1 

\ 

| 

| 

| 

*> 

j 

I 

' 

*" 

'

tachments to asîsi the iMfmers,! could send no scout 

to-day. 

31. Lieutenant Weiser returned from his scout ; I 

called in the detachments this day, and sent out a 

scout, which returned this evening. 

August 1. The men being tired, and their feet in 

blisters, 1 let them rest this day. 

2. Setu a scout along the mountains with orden, 

to range to Schuylkill. 

a The Corporul relumed from scout and reported 

he had ranged as ordered. 

4. A scout of Captain Ih isse's arrived and returned 

the same day. 

Tlie inhabitants desiring assistance to 

bring in their harvest, I gave them some men, and 

went altho' a scouting, but as I left few men in th

474 APPENDIX. 

Indians, but conkl not come up with them ; w

APi'EKnix. 475 

14. Being Sunday, JMhiiater Shumaker* came 

here, and Ihe soldiers being fatigued with contumal 

it scouting, there was no scout lo-day. 

It 15. Ensign 13 iddie sent a Corporal with a scoui 

to range eastward towards Sciiuylifili, and return un- 

der the mountains. The scout returned towards 

evening, ar.d the Corporal made report, he had ranged 

as directed, and had no intelligence. 

16. Sent a Sergeant with fiiteen men, to range 

eastward along the moiiutain. A scout of Captain 

33risse's arrived and returned immediately. In the 

afternoon the scout returned. The Sergeant made 

report he had ranged as directed, but had no news. 

17. Early this morning Ensign Biddle sent Ser- 

geant Smith v/iih ten men, to escort Lieutenant 

Colonel Weiser, who wus expected here this day. 

This day Colonel \Veiser arrived, accompanied with 

Captain Ihisse and my.self, together with the said 

escort. The Colonel returned the same day home 

wards, after we had chosen a place where to build 

a new fort. Ensign Biddle went along with 

Captain Brisse. 

18. Sent off a scout to fort Lebanon, and ordered 

them to range the woods between here and that fou 

till night. 

• 

19. The scout returned about 4 o'clock, and in- 

formed that he had done according to his orders. 

Captain Morgan came with the scout, and returned 

the same evening. 

20. Seni a scout of fifteen men to range iIjG 

woods towards Schuylkill, into Windsor township, 

'iui/.. Sinanak''- '.vas p.islor of ilie Lutheran Con^regatiA". ;..( 

i'.e;!.dir.t,', fiom 175'i to 57,— Contpikr.

476 AI'X'ENDIX. 

and with .-uKifs to c:!ll in some detachments lying in 1 

(he said t()wn:3hip, a> cording to Lieutenant Colt iu,i'.b 

orders. 

21. Tiic scout i,;turned with the detaehiiicni. 1 

The Cor] oral reporltd he had done according to his 

orders, bin had no i.ews. The same day Captain i 

IJriijse rui i Easigii Eiddlo arrived from fort Houiy; ^ 

Captain Biisse retiu'ind the same eveninj?. I 

j 

22. Uereivcdaii c.impress from Lieutenant Coloael ! 

Weiser, with orduis to come to his house. In pursu- ': 

ance of which 1 tet off immediately, leaving Eujign 

Biddle in liic fort, I 

23. A scoul oi Captain Brisse's arrived. Hit. I 

Gentries heard the Indians distinctly whistle this luqht 

in the woods. ( 

24. Ensign liiddlb, according to orders, with a ^ 

scout of twenty men, went over the mountain ^ 

Captain IMoigan'^; ion. 

) 

j 

j 

u: I 

25. Lie ntenaiit Pliilip Weiser came here from lojt \ 

Henry with a scout. ? 

26. Ensign Biddic returned from his scout, havmg I 

been at Captain Morgan's fort, and from th.iice | 

scouted over the moiuitains, irrto Allemangle, and 

j 

from thence along thi foot of the mountain till here, i 

This day lalss airiveil in the fort from Lieutenaiu ! 

Colonel Weiser's. I 

27. Having orders from Lieutenant Colonel Wei 

ser to look out for a pioper place to build a new f(-rL 

this being so bad, I began to lay out one on a spot 

which had been before pitched upon, by the Cc.lonel 

«iid Captain Brisse, bat night coming we cottld nut - 

finish. 

28. Laid out tlie remaining part of the fort 

•

APPENDIX. 477 

29. Had some brush cut round the new intended 

fort, till evêning. 

30. Sent off a scout towards Schuylkill. They 

returned in the eveniiig, but made no discovery; re- 

turned with ihe remaining party of the men. I con- 

tinued clearing and burning ot' brush. 

31. Sent Oil Sergeant Smith, with a scouting 

party, towards Sciiaylkili. He returned but made 

no discovery. 

TEDYUSCUNG. 

Tadeuskund, or Tecdyuscung, frequently noticed 

in the preceeding part of this work, was so conspicu- 

ous a character in the e;.rly history of these counties, 

that it is deemed proper to give the following sketch 

of this remarkable son of the forest, by Mr. Hecke- 

welder, a place here; 

Tadeuskund, or Tecdyuscung, was the last Delaware 

chief in these ]>arts. east of the Allegheny 

mountains. His name makes a conspicuous figure in 

the history of Pennsylvania, previous to the revolu- 

tion, and particularly towards the commencement of 

the war of 175o. . Before he was raised to the station 

of a chief, he had signalized himself as an able coun- 

sellor m his nation. In the year 1749, he joined the 

Christian Indian congregation, and the following year, 

at his earnest desire, was christened by the name oj" 

of GidcuH. He had been known before under that 

of (I'o^wit John. It was not until the year 175',

478 APPENDIX. 

that his imtion called upon him to assume a milUuiy 

comiuand, Tlie French were then stirring up the 

Indians, particularly the Delawares, to aid them in 

fighting Uio English, telling them that if they suirered 

tliem to go on as llicy before had done, they would 

very soon not have u foot of land to live on. The 

Susqueliamâ aiid Fork Indians, (Delawares) wore 

then in wan I of a leading character to advise and 

govern incnij their great, good, beloved and per.r;ca- 

ble chief 7V/f/c'Wic, (coinmordy called Tattevii) lutving 

some time before been murdered in the Forks settlement 

by a foolish, young white man. They, ihere- 

fore, called upon Tacleuskund to take upon himself 

the station

.rir-TLNDiA. 47t' 

because they were knovvu io ha Iriendly to tlie In- 

dians) excited much jealousy ainoiig some of his uatiou^ 

especially the Mouseys, who believed that he was 

carrying on some underbuild \v\ rk at Philadclpiiia 

detrimental to tlie nation at large ; on which account, 

and as they wislied ilie coniir,uatfon of the war, they 

lecanic his enemies. 

From ihQ ])rcciinoris sita.itioa Tadeuskund wai. 

placed in, it was easy to foresee iliat he would comr. 

to an untimely end. l-cilup- v,'.j Indian chief befure 

1 him ever found him.self so dtdicately situated ; mib 

i Uusted 

aitd blamed by our gc'.-rmnent and the Fa>- 

giish people generally, becdU.se iiu did not use hi:^ 

v/hole endeavours to keep hi. nation at jieace, or 

compel tliem to lay down tiie hatchet; and accused 

by his own people of havijig taken a bribe from the 

i'lnglish, or entered intu ionie secret agreement with 

diem thai wohKI be of biiei\( i.> himself alone, as hr. 

would not sr.ller iliem to n.dict just pumsbment 

on that nation, for the wroni^s they iiad done iheni^ 

but was conscaiuly eallmg upon them to make 

t>eace. The Five Nations, on the other hand, (tlie 

enennes of the Delawares, and m alliance with Eng- 

land,) blamed him for doing too uuicL for the cause 

wliicli ib.ey themselve supported, for making himself 

UjO busy, and assuming an audiority, which did not 

belong to him, the leader of a band o( women, but to 

them, liie Five Naiions a.ione. 

To d>) justice to (hisinjiu'cd chici^, the true s... rot el 

ius apj arently eoiitradictory conduct inu:.i bt hert 

disclosed. It is said by those Indians wliO ki;ew bin. 

best, and who at that time had the welfaie of their 

cv,'ii nation miich at iu),..ci, thai ids great iâd ,^;ale ob

480 APPENDIX. 

ject WuL w lecavcr lortlie Lervii Leriape thdii digiury 

which ihc Iioqucis had treacherously wrested from 

them ; 

tlience flowed the bitterness of the latter u^'iiinst 

hill), tliongh he seemed to be promoting the same in- 

terest which Vaey iheniselves supported. He h.ad 

long: hoped tl:at by shewing friendship and a'aacli- 

nient to the English, he would be able to convinct; ^ 

them of ihe jusiice jf his nation's cause, who wore | 

yet powerful (.iiivugh to make their alliance an »jbject 1 

to (h^ l?riiish gov ..Muinent, but here he was gi.jat'y ) 

mistaken No one would examine into the grounds 

of the coniioversy between the Delawares and the 

Five Nations j lln; latter, on the contrary, were sup- 

ported in their unjust pretentions as theretofore, and 

even called up;>ii to aid in compelling the Lenape to 

make peace. 'I'his unjust, and at the same time im- 

politic coiiductj of which I have before taken suCi- 

cient notice, ini;. Ued to the utmost, the spirited ualiMi 

of the Delaware '^, they felt themselves insulted ai.d dc- 

graded, and were le/^s disposed than ever from com | 

plying W/iih the wislies of a government wliich .sport- I 

ed in this manner, with their national feelings, ai.d I 

called in question even their riglit to exist as an Iwdt- I 

pendent people I 

Surrounded as he was, with enemies, TadeuskunJ |[ 

could not escape the fate that liad long been intended 

for him. In the spring of 1763, when the European 

nations had made peace, but the Indians were.->iili at 

war, he was burnt up, together with his house, as ho 

vvas lying in his bed asleep. It was supposed and 

believed by many who were present, that this dread- 

ful eênt was not accidental, but had been niLdirely 

fe:?olvcd on by Uhs enemies, whoever they were, and 

| 

| 

\ 

\

I sinuating 

APPENDIX. 481 

that the Hquor which was brought to Wyoming at the 

time, was intended by them for the purpose of en- 

ticing liim to drink, tliat they iuight the more easily 

effect their purpose. A number of Indians were wit- 

nesses to tlie fact tliat iheliousc was set on fire from 

the outside. Suspicion fell principally upon the 

Mingoes, who were known lo be jealous of him, and 

fearful of his resentment, if lie should succeed in in- 

himself into the favor of the English, and 

making g;)od terjns witli ihom for his nation. It is 

said that those Indian.^ were concerned in bringing the 

fatal li

483 

APPENDIX. 

BELIGIOUS NOTICE. 

'I'keuk is but a small space left us to notice (hf: it- 

iigioui. Iiistoi^^ of (hese counties. If difFerence oi ] 

opiiiion on this intercstingsubject, is a sure indi resigned 

il."l)'d'5laral chaige (if Allenlo\vn,m I7LM." Th.v lol 

| 

j 

|

AFPENDIX. 483 

gregation probably remained vacant till the visit of 

IJraiaei 1, 1744, who often preached at the settlement 

wiiere the church now stands. 

Rev. David Braineid was born in April, 1718, at 

Haddam, Connecticut. In 1739, he became a mem- 

ber of Yale College, v/here he was distinguished for 

application, and general correctness of conduct. In 

the spruig of ] 742, he began the study of divinity ; 

and at the end of July, he was licensed to preach, for 

which a thoroiigh exarnination hiid shown him quali- 

fied. He had for some time entertained a strong de- 

sire of preaching the gospel among the heathen, which 

was gratified by an appointment as missionary to the 

Indians. At Kaunemeck, an Indian Village of Mas- 

sachusetts, he commenced his labors in his twenty- 

fifth year of his age. ITc remained there about twelve 

months, at first residing in a wigwam among the In- 

dians, but afteruards in a rabin, whieh he constructed 

for himself, that he aught be alone, when not engaged 

•in his duties of j)reaclung and instruction. In 1744. 

he was ordained by the Presbytery of Newark, N. J., 

and took up h:s habitation near the forks of the Dela- 

ware, Bucks, now Northampton, county, where he 

resided for a year, during the course of which he 

made two visits to the Indians on the Susquehanna. 

His exertions were not successfully crowned, until he 

Avent to the Indians at Ciosweeksung, near Freehold, 

in New Jersey. Before the end of the year, a com- 

plete reformation tooic place in the lives of the sav- 

ages, seventy-eight of wb'.iu he baptized within l)i;.i 

time. lie died October i). 1747. 

BraiiKndleft a jourmi vi his labors, but lias noiÛ 

1- ," Tacts, and recorded £caice any names of pcrsoji:;.

4bi APPENDIX, 

that would aid in eihicidatiiig any portion of history. 

In his vibit to tlie Corks of the Delaware, he says : 

" On Saturday, May 12, 1744, he came to a settlement 

of Irish and Dutch (German) people, and proceeding 

at)Out IV. elvo miles further, arrived at Takhaiiwotung, 

an hidmn settlement within the forks of the D^'la- 

v/ai-e, 

'• LoriPs day, May 1 3. Rose early ; felt very poorly 

after my long journey, and after being wet and fa- 

tigued. Was very melancholy; have scarcely ever 

seen such a gloomy morning in my life ; there ap- 

peared to he no Sabbath; the children were at play; 

J, a stranger iii the wilderness, and know not 'Adieie 

to go ; and all circumstances seemed to conspire to 

render my atfairs dark and discouraging. WdS dis- 

appointed respecting an interpreter, and heard that 

the Indians were much scattered. 0, 1 mournei aftvu- 

the presence of (lod, and seemed like a creature bau- 

islied from his sight ! yet he was pleased to support 

my sinking soul amidst all my sorrows ; so that I 

never entertained any thought of quitting my business 

among the po.ir Indians; but was comforted to think 

that death would eie long set me free from the-e dis- 

tresses. Rode about three or four miles to the Irish 

people, where I found some that appeared sober inul 

concerned about religion. My heart then began to 

be a little encouraged; went and preached, fust to 

the Irish and diou to the Indians, and in the evening 

was a litlle comforted," &;c. 

F>'Ui years bulore Brainerd commenced his \n\-6- 

sionary labors amongst the Indians, in the Fo'i^s ol 

the Delaware, Bishop David Nitschman, with u com- 

pany of Moraviar.s, arrived from Europe and sjtilod

( 

I the 

\ tiie 

Ai>r£N.uix. 485 

at Bethlehem. In 1741, Cu.it ZiiizenJorfl", that re- 

markable man, came lo Pennsylvania as an ordinary 

of the United Brethren, "with a view of not seeing 

liie Moravian establishments hi general, but especially 

fruits o[ their labors among the heathen. Since 

days of Zinzendorff, the Moravians have continued 

to prosper in this ponion of Pennsylvania. They 

have been laboring indefatigably in the cause of reli- 

gion, and of their Divivje Master. They have several 

llourisliing congregations. 

The Lutheran and German Reformed ministers, 

the Reverends Muhlenberg and Schlatter, preached 

within these limits Letv/een 1744 and 1754, and at a 

later period. Congrcgalioas of these denominations, 

as well as Presbyterian.^ : nd others, are found in va- 

rious parts of these counties. 

The present religious d'noininations in these coun- 

ties are, besides tluisc air.;. id) mentioned, Episcopals, 

Methodists, Baptists, Ijiiited Brethren, Dunkards, 

Evangelical Association, Quakers, Catholics, Church 

of God, Jews, Schwenkfelders, Universalists. These 

all have churches, a,. ;ilr,3ady noticed in the body of this 

work. Notwithstanding this array of names of reli- 

gious parties, there is much missionary ground that 

might be profitably occupied by ministers wlio can 

.speak English and German.

s^-'^^y 

Allen township, N 

no 007 

Aqimnshicola, or Aquan-^tiehals, U-, 

^-^ 

Alleiuown, borough, 

Allen, fort, m C 

. Bushkill 

, t r 

Adoption of prisoners by the Indians, 

Abduction of Gilbert's fornily, 

Acretown, 

,, , 

, , 

Anders uud laniily killed, 

Addenda, , 

Bath, in N 

}3elleville, in N 

Berlinville, in N 

township, N 

Bethlehem township, 

Bethlehem, lown, 

Brainerd Rev , 

Biery's Port, 

Brcineigsvillej ml 

BranchvillG, 

BaLtonsville, 

Beaver Meadow, 

Banlis towîship, 

]!uruaudon, in 

,,\ 

B. • •: 

'' 

' 

. 

219 

236 

233 

293 

'232 

'461 

;u... 

^g 

66 

71 

78 

79 

86 

V126 

136 

159 

175 

213 

214 

' **g

488 INDEX, 

Burd, Jamss visited lort Allen, 

Bethel, Mount Upper, 

225 

59 

Berks co,, erection of, 241 

Branch t, 253 

Barry t, 255 

Belleniont cuiiierieS;, 350, 361 

Berry 'y colliery. 36 

Belfast collieiy, . 

Bolton & Go's culiienes, ^ " 

3GG 

3Gy 

Brunswick t. West, 268 

Bnrd's Journal, 

'' 

G 

. 447 

Ihaii^s wife and t.liiul abducted, 25! 

Biisse Captain, 463, '1 

Courtrecords, cxtraci.:. from, N i 

Council held at Ea^ston, , 

..22 

, .,-,_., 31 

Centre ville, in N 59 

. 

: 

Centreville, orNili^hsville, , 

Cherryville, in N 

:..j . .. 

.: 

, ,64 

.,..!..i67 

Christian llriuui, , ', \ -. . ; 1^ 

Ciansevillc, in J.. ;. 134 

Craig's Meadow, 159 

Coolbaugh towiisln'p, 172 

: 

Chestnuthill townshi}', 177 

Carbon conmy orocled, '181 

Chfton, in C ' 

• • 213 

Coaqueimae, 296 

Coal Castle, / '...: .. •' r.,... 296 

Coal &c., history of 298 

Coal region and mining operations, 331, 345 

Coal origin and formation, 331 

Coal, quantity transported, • . 319 

Common school, 403 

0. 

Delaware Water Gap, 2G 

Dill's ferry, in N 60

Devil's pulpit, • 114 

Dilliiigcr's, 127 

Dutotsburg, ' 

•'•'. 158 

Davis' colliery, '", '" '357 

Den Sergeimt killed, 

. 

. 

Depue Samuel, ' ' 

;v; • 

' ^^30 

417, 418 

E, ,:. . i .,;: 

489 

Easton, 'jarly itisioiy oi", • • '31 

Eastoji, as at pre.^'ent, .• '52 

EpitapiiS c't "JJclhlchcui, 

Eniaus, in L 

' 

• 

'-82 

- 140 

East Penn township, 228 

Epitaphs at Mahoning, 232 

East Brunswick township, 249 

• '^ -376 

' 

Evan's colliery, ' ' 

Education, '.;•'.' ' '380 

Easton, Tree school at, 1755, .• 

394 

Enslee Captain, 420 

Eveiitt's station 454 

Freshet at Easton in 1840, — ' ••- ^' 53 

u u 1811^ .... > -54 

Flatfield, inN :,..;. 51 

Forks to wnshi}), N 73 

Frecmansburg, in N 79 

Frieden Kuerten, 86 

Franklin Denjamin's letters, 92, 221 

Fries' trial, 118,125 

Fogelsville, in L 135 

Freystown, or Freyslviug, 

Flood at Allentown, 

'138 

' 

' 144 

Foit Haaiilfon, 152, 417 

Flood :'.t Su\

490 

French and Indian Wars, , 

' 

' 

Friedeiisburg, , 

, 

• a5Q 

Freshet.s in 1831-41, 

Freeman's collieries, _. 

' 

' 

26Q 

290 

352 

Fitzirnmoti's colliery, 

' 

^.354 

Free school at Easton, 1755, 

" 

.",' 

,' 394 

Fort Norris, 415' 

Fort North Kill, 

Fort Hyndshaw, 

410 

4\q 

Fabric! us liilled and scalped, 231 

Fort Henry, . 

463 

Fort I.cbanoiij 464 

Fragment of a JO LUiial. ... 463 

G. 

Germans, history of, ' -7 

Glenden Iron works, 71 

Gnadrnthal, in N 78 

Germansville, in L 12S 

Great Swamp, ' 

. '; , 315 

Gnadti; lliKittcn, 

Gap the, ni C 

* 

oig 

227 

Gilbert's family abducted, 

Great dam, or artilicial lake, 

Gartermeyer inurdered, 

233 

257 

232 

Geiger J.ieuienant, 453 

H. 

Hauertown, in N •. \ m' i. 64 

Helleistown.N 

68 

Hanover township, N 68 

Hecktown, in N 74 

Horsefiold Timothy, ^ 

HatcheitootlA Falls', 

Hanover township, L 

Heidelbia-g township, . 

' 

88, 

' 

• 

90. ii2 

' '112 

i2ii 

' J27 

' 

Haniilion township, 179 

Hazelcon, 

', 

, 

, 

" 214

Hoeth's creek, in 

: Home, 

History ol'coal, 

Henderson's colliery, 

HeeLner's colliery, 

Hewes' colliery, 

Hoeth and family nuudert-.d, 

Hartmau murder, 

Harriger abducted. 

. ; 

Irish, history ol 

491 

215 

23y 

298 

264 

267 

368 

216 

,267 

233 

16 

293 

Irislitown, ^ „ ,, ^..^ 

Instructiou, course of, ai Lafayette College, 3J« 

Johnsonville, m N 

Jacobsburg, in N 

Jacksonville, in h 

Junction Collieries, 

Journal of Van EticiK 

Journal of Young, 

Journal of Burd, 

Journal, fragment of 

Kreidersville, in N 

Kernsvillc or Pctersville, 

Klecknersville, in N 

Kern's Mills, in L 

ICunklesville, 

Killersville, 

66 

72 

132 

268 

421 

409 

447 

463 

64 

67 

67 

129 

179 

179 

351, 356 

Kinsley's coUieries, ^ ' 

^^ 

Kurt.''; Rev. receiver a letter, 

Liule Gap, of N 

25

492 

. 

Lower P.I0111U Betliel t, N 

Lehigh t, N 

:., .'• i 

Lfihighviile or iierlinviUe 

Lehigh Rolling mill, 

Lower Nazareth township, 

.'• ' 

Leticrs. important ones, 

Lehigh county' organized, 

; 

Leckhaw, or I.ehigh river, ' 

Lehigh Watt^r Oa[), 

Linn towusliip. L 

Linni/illo, in L 

Low Hill towjcîiip, 

Lower Macnnjy township, 

Lehigh Port, 

Lower Srniihiiîd t, 

Lehigh coal nihie company formed, 

Lausanne, in C 

Lausanne (ov/Ji.;hip, C 

Lawrylowu. in 

Lehigh river inijauved. 

Lower Towanii nsing township, ' 

' 

Lehighton 

Llewellyn, 

lôuishing, 

in (J 

Landisuille 

Lawtcnlown, 

Lick Run C',>iHcr!es, 

LoWlI MalMMi iigo t, 

' 

'' 

Latayette C.'.ileg;, S'Jl 

Lesley killed hy Indians, ^ 

^ 

• 

. 

" 

^ 

60 

23?. 

' 

Moore township, N 

'' 

' ' 

' 67 

Millerstown or Aiillerville, 135 

Mount Pleasant, in J. 

Mammoth Rock, ' 

' 

137 

13^ 

Monroe county organized, 145 

Meenesinks, 159 

Middle Smithlield i, 

163

jNI)i;x. 493 

Mauch Chunk townsln]), 187 

MaiK'h Chunk, 

188 

Mauch Cliiaik rnounlahi, 191, 199 

Mahonhig township, 

228 

Moravia u Miss. Estab. destroyed, 229 

Mount Iklhel, XTpper, . 59 

JVfacunjy, Upper, . : 134 

Miiioi-d, Upper, 

136 

Manhciin townsliip, 251 

. 

Mincrsville, 

253 

Maliantango t, Lower^ 255 

M'Kcansb\n-g, 

Mackeysville, 

Mhhng operations in L co.. 

Music Hail culHc-ries, 

Mannnoth colliery, 

270 

297 

331 

354 

379 

Maliantango t., Upper, • 

^ • -265 

' Members of educaticn scheme, 

Mill creek rail road, 

^^ •'- 

- 

-384 

370 

Model school at Ivrttan, 403 

INIarshall's wif.-killMl, 

Northampton CO., erection of, . 

N. ' • :' 

437 

-1,9 

NorUiainpton, present limits of, 24 

Nelighsville, in N -64 

Newijurg, in ['* 74 

Nazareth, in N 

... 75 

North Whitehall township, L .128 

New Tripoli, in L 

132 

Northampton townslvip, L. 

140 

Nagleville, 

173 

Nescûihoning; in C .' '^^^ 

- 

Nazareth, Lower township 74 

; 

Norwegian township, 

Nev/ Cluslle, 

NodiL Kill, Fori ai. 

271 

296 

-HO 

Norris\s Fo.-l, ' ^1^ 

Niii-ehman killed, icC; 

231

491 

O. 

Orndi Jacob's letters, 

Oplinger's, or Upiinger% 

Owl creek, in C 

Orwigsburg, 

Origin of coal, 

Vropcrty. loss o\ vA Easton, 

Pjuinfiold t, N 

Petersvilles. or Kernsville, 

Price tuwnsliip, 

Pokonu tovviishiji; 

Penn Ilavcii, it; C 

Penn Foie&( lowriship, 

Parrysville, m C 

Peart and otiiers abducted. 

Petitions, 

Port Clinton, , 

Porte I, t, 

Pine (Jiovc t, 

Pine Grove. 

Pattersonvilie, 

i 

Pottsville und vicinity, 

Port VVilhclni, 

Port Carbon, 

Pennman's collieries, 

Patrick's collieries, 

Pinkerton's colliery, 

Penn t, West, ,- , 

Parsons William, 

Prisser Martin, killed, 

Penipcr Cliristian, murdered, 

Puisons' letter to Rev. Kurtz, 

Q. 

Quinn's cotton laclory, 

Quantity of coal transported, 

224, 2^5 

221 

22S 

269 

. 331 

53 

(y5 

67 

i72 

173 

yi3 

215 

21G 

933 

242 

249 

25 o 

25S 

253 

259 

272 

272 

293 

353 

354 

377 

270 

395 

232 

225 

2G7 

70 

jli)

Richmond, in N '60 

]\ose, 11. e., of Nazareth, • . 77 

49: 

' Rittersville, in L /. • - 127 

Ross township, 

Rockport, in C 

-178 

-213 

Rush t, 259 

Jihoadstown, 293 

Richard's coliiciy, 363 

Ronaldson colUery, 

Ranihow colliery, 

374 

375 

liankEsqr's ieticr, 259 

Reichelderfers murdered, 250 

S. 

Slate Port, in N • >' • ' 59 

Saucon township, N ''•; 68 

South ICaston, liorough, 69 

South Easton, t'uundry, 70 

Stoel niunulachwy, 70 

Stockersvillc, in N 73 

Shoeneck, in N 78 

Spangenherg's letters, 95, 99 

Segersville, in \, 128 

Siegersville, 129 

Snydersville, 129 

Slate Dam, in L . 129 

Sontli Wliitehall to\vnshi]>^ 130 

Scheimersvilltj, 135 

Salisburg township, 139 

Stroud township, 150 

Stroudsburg, 151 

Sniithfield township, M 157 

Spruce Giovc, 173 

Saxville, 173 

Snydersville, in M 179 

Saylorsville, 180 

Sl.fuios ofdualii, 215

496 

. 

South Lohigliton, 22^ 

Schuylkill county. 239 

Sinithfieltl Lower township, 157 

Saucon, Upper, 

Suiithli(;kl, Upper, .,.. 

13S 

ms 

Scliuylidll cuiinty erected, ,. 241 

Schuylkill llavcij, . 

252 

Swataraville^ 259 

Schuylkill (ov/iislii]>, • 2f)2 

Schuylkill v.iUey, 263 

St. Clair, 2!»G 

SclmeidbuJg. 272 

Schuylkill coal holds, 3 13 

Schuylkill Valley District, 3]S 

Silver crook colliori

497 

Upper IVIoiuit Beihel township, N 59 

Upper N;iz irctb townsliip, 75 

Upper Macunjy, in L 134 

Upper Millord lowsnlup, 136 

Upper ScLUtoii lowDship, 138 

Upper Sinittifield township, 163 

Upptir 'I'o iV amending tov/iiship, 215 

Union township, 265 

Upper Wahaiitango tcv.'oihip, " 265 

UrciTs colherie-s, 353 

Union collieries, 359 

Van Ettcn's jiiarnal, 421 

Van Etten, jikiiice o* the peace, 428 

W. 

Welsh, history of, 13 

Wuid Gap, N 26 

Willianisl)ur;j:, in N 59 

WeuverslnuL'-, in N 64 

Wardsbiirg, in N 66 

Williams town ship, N 69 

Williamspori, in N 71 

Whitfield's purchase, in N 75 

, Weisenbiirg township, 137 

Weiss[)ort, in C 216 

Weiss Jacoh^ ('olonel, ' 217 

Wayne township, 260 

West Ikunswi. k to\i/!iship, 268 

West Penn rc.Mu^hip, 270 

Williom's cwihcry, 357 

Weutheroid Captain, 414, 419 

F2

49a- 

INDKX. 

Y. 

iioun^' Jaiucs, coininissary in 1756, 

Youiu"'s addition, 

Young's cammissiry journal, 

Z. 

29a 

10 J) 

ZminernKuistou'U, ^^' 

Zeisloa* Ocorge, HUed, 

^^^^

, Howell 

SIJBtsCRLUEllS^ NAMES. 

Residence— FcUaviUe. 

Rev David Mubsingf' 

iiev Hii^di Iâne 

Charles Loeeer 

Isaac Beck 

Daul Larer 

Michael Morlinier 

Nichohis Fox 

EJwd Owen I'arry Ivq 

F W Hufrhos lisq 

(leo L Gcnslcr 

Andrew B VVIiile 

A Lippe M D 

James L Yoder 

Juo II Clement 

Jacob Reed Eacj 

Daniel Hill 

Edward T Taylor 

Thos D Beatty 

V Ilewson 

Jiio Franklin Esq 

E Chichesier M 1) 

Geo W Snyder 

Horace Smith Esq 

F.^-h^r 

y l)r G G l*,ilmcr 

rharles M I.nvvib 

^(UKiyiKlI.L (U.IINTY. 

Plice of Nativity. 

Berkri CO' 

Ireland 

Mont^rornery co 

B'-rks county 

Philadelphia couniy 

Schnylkdl co 

Berks CO 

Torts uirulh N H 

Mimi^romery co 

Germany 

Dflav/art 

Prussia 

Be rkn CO 

GloiiL-ester N J 

Berks CO 

Da 

Glinieester N J 

New York City 

Pliil delphia 

Luzerne co 

Faiilield co Conu 

Philadelphia 

Berk.^ co 

Gloucester co N J 

Dfiaware co 

Cheiiter co 

'A15 •vtitn! iuv ru-xuK ci iLt> bi-ale i«ouiii»f4, wf «f IVw*'^

500 J>L11SCK1BERS' NAMES.

Residence— I'oa.villt-. 

Samuel llumziiii)'jL 

J II ZiefTciilus 

,lo.sepli Bmvca 

John J Jone.i 

Iknjamiii r3ouk 

]{ev E 13 Evi.n- 

W L Hei.ler 

Win Major 

'I'liomas Fin;!. [ 

Samuel ll;>iln; 

Dan S{:ili 

(Il-o II I'olts 

Alfred Law tin 

Patrick Daly 

Oharleb Bercl-ilcy 

Thomas Foster 

.liio Clayton 

W n Marshall 

A Meisse 

Wm C Leib 

Johann K Voelloa;: al 

1" 1) FcTosKu- 

Max Dorlliiiger 

I'Vank. Pott 

James G Cochran 

I) E Nice Esq 

E W McCimiea 

Thos S Riilgvvay y 

Joseph George 

John Treagea 

(ieorge Mortimer 

M .Slrouse 

Chas W element 

('has Bushar 

(' ^ Fox 

W li Morgan 

Geo F Mars 

Charles An gee 

Peter S Mariz 

Charles Leib 

«^.> Ihlbc-rstali 'H 1) 

n 

nfuscruiiKU' 501 

?l:.co of Nativity. 

Berk.: CO 

Sch'iyikill CO 

Do 

IJaiKJilo Carmarthershire S 

S W;iles [Wales 

Do 

Berks CO 

Cliester co 

t:;coiland ./,, ,• 

Dauphin CO 

Moiiigomery ca 

New Jersey 

New York city 

Irekind 

'I'rr.y N Y 

ffof kinghani co N li 

(Columbia co 

Pti:ladelphia 

lierks CO 

Dauphin (now Lebanon) co 

(J.rniuny 

Lihanou CO 

Si liuylkillco 

Inland 

Ik'iks CO 

Moiugoniery co 

IMiiladelphia city 

Do 

CUu-nwall co Eng 

Schuylkill co 

Germany 

Gcrmantown Phila co 

Soliiiylkill CO 

I^crks CO 

S Wales 

Lancaster co 

Bu -ks CO 

Mihon North'd co 

Si iiuylkill CO 

Plidadelphia city

502 SLUi^/uIEEBs' NAMES, 

Residence!— P-iKavillu, Place of Nativity. 

\Vin CortL'lyou Morris co N J 

\Vm Mortimer jr Schuylkill co . 

J as G Shoo;i!akef Do I 

Francis J I'luvir Maiden creek, tp Berka cO' 

j 

E E Blnmi Berks co 

Daniel Scholieubeiger Berks co 

j 

i 

Win Levvi.'i !S Wales 

| 

Beiij llaywuud EiiijlanJ 

James F Harris 8 Wales 

Daniel Kichanl Do j 

Lewis Rce'j Do 

^ 

M B Lutz Reailing- 

Joseph lleslop England | 

D G Yueiig'nng Germany 

^ 

H Slraiich 

Fotlaville 

John Mcl\i. 'lien Philadelphia 

j 

S S Stevens (Shij)|)e,ii',urg)CarlisU; { 

Reese Williauus S VVâles 

Hugh Huj,rlis N Wales 

John Hopkina S Wales 

Evan Pet. r 

Edw W i\1;!dOu 

N Wales 

Philadelphia 

Thomas Williaiiiy S Wales 

David Jenkms, Do 

Nathan Cleaver 

Columbia co 

John Mariinni.i Monogan co Ireland 

James Foclil Brunswick forge Sohuyihih -: \ 

B F Pomroy Philadelphia 

Wni II Joluid Pembrokeshire S Wales I 

Thomas Lloyd S Wales i 

Thomas Evans (Chester co I 

James McAloarndy Ireland 

Geo Lau.n- 

(lermany 

Edw N Thomaf, Dowlois S Wales 

John GriiTith Carnarvonshire N Wale.i; 

| 

Stephen Ji>ncs 

Thi^nias Thorn 

Nnrlhampton co 

New Jersey 

i 

1 

P McGovorn ('a van co Ireland i 

Tliomafj Pelhofick 

Henry Davis 

('ornwall Eng 

Glamorganshire S W L 

1 

| 

:\ i\ \Vil.:;>n Columbia co ! 

| 

| 

j 

j 

| 

,' 

|

Residence—Pottaville. 

J E Keciiiiin 

William U-rch 

(Miarles Sliclk-y 

George Hcidwati 

Peter F Miuley 

Win Yod.aii 

lleorge II'::itoti 

Win litese 

i'Vaneis MaljJUab 

Watkin P-icliard-s 

— 

dOl ;>ljJi-CKIBERS NAMES. 

lieaidence Potih'iile. 

Geo W Em 

Anlliony Hcstoi: 

(vjipt Isaac P Lykeiis 

William Mill-ies 

Isaac Baioia 

Daniel Ilosi; 

Robert Brown 

kiamoel W A rin.) 

Andw N Siriium 

George W (looii 

iînulf's I,M-a 

Joseph Ivil jiii 

Wm Ti^vlor 

li Woii!.''l clorli 

J II Leil 

John L:uuisc;it 

W OHnlaa 

Andw Olii/haui 

l,evi 15 Fan- 

Martin .Vlurphy 

Wiiliam Kind 

\Vn» U :\f i.u 

Daniel yholenlfrf^'er 

John T Werner Edi!t>r 

Jacob IIci3t;r 

Edward Yardloy 

Eli !Sll.v,.ly 

John Dt^vr 

Nicholas Uahet 

Jesse It Clark 

James E MulUgau 

Henry Lilley 

E N Estcrline 

Samuel Siodd 

Thomai Wren 

Charles airhriShnw 

Jacob Neyhait 

John Ri-Mv.mi 

Charles McAvey 

Peter N.iyhavt 

lime-c 'I'rcuit 

Place of Nativity. 

Columbia co 


Lancaster co 

England 

Cornwall Eng 

Readinj^ 

Scotland 

(Chester co 

Columbia co 

Jjebanon co 

SchuylkJJt CO 

Union CO 

Dauphin CO 

IJerneville Ik'rkd co- 

Lancaster CO 

Berks CO 

Chester co 

Northumberland cc* 

Berks co 

Connecticut 

Northampton co- 

Massachusetlb 

Berks co 

Lel)anoii co 


Bucks co 

Potlsgrove Montgomery io 

Hamburg Beiks o 

Do do 

Wilmington Del 

Cincinnati Ohio 

Berks co 

E as ton 

Stallbrdshire Enjf 

Glasgow Clyde iron .vorka 

Nottingham Eng f^Scodand 

Union co 

Berks CO 

Baltimore Md 

Union co 

Berks CO

Reaidcnce— P&itsville 

Adam Ei!er 

Capl John GilhucMi 

I'hilip llollu 

Edward M Davis 

Aaron Siinck 

Aaron Polls 

William NunemacSLCr 

Michael Mes,?iier 

John iMcliuirt 

Daniel li Ilemy 

Daniel Christian 

John Koneiiy 

Uichard Winlack 

Isaac Rich 

Joseph Armstrong; 

Abraham Camp 

Charles Dimtnif^ 

Robert H Neligh 

James W Kesne 

Tobias Hauscr 

Peter Douty 

(Jeor

506 aUBSCIUBERS' NAMES. 

Resideiu;('—Pultivillc. 

William I low (11 

Charlt-j Wcruian 

Nalliaii Fislifci- 

WilUad. rnrhaid 

K M(l)()iiaM 

D.inirl I'cnt^tLi'iJiachcr 

l

SUJ.!SCl!U«ti

506 SDliSCUmEUS NAMES. 

Rfesideiice— Miue.-svilU 

James Fcx 

Franklin Ri.dadti 

Jolui 'J" (J Kuiiisii.H 

Alex.iii(icr SvAWey 

James Ivobi-rtf-o:! 

Jacob VVeniait 

Thoniiis Green 

Stephen Sqiure 

Philip Jones 

Fvan Evans 

'I'l.oaras Cncsliiic; 

DaviJ drilliihti 

Thomas Davi-i 

AV.n i)ellav(;n 

lioberi WiUian.i- 

[high Davi., 

Walter Plnl'i'.-^ 

^SaÛlel Wcmi i 

John !•; I\)v.ell 

M G lleihun- 

Samuel Gum pert 

Ahrahanj 'Ir.ui. 

U S Gei.lei 

JohnP Powell 

John Rogers 

John Davis 

Noah (;rilh-hs 

J as Levan 

Jacob Weist 

Rev J PUnris 

(Jeorge J l/.uvrenci; 

Joint 'Canner 

Vugusius VVitman 

J)avul (ieorgi; 

\V Maiihews 

l''ranklin S-MlzinijCi 

Esau 'MeKim 

Casper Yiist 

Thomas Williams 

Moses WeiJêr 

invid Griffith 

. 


Dauphin co 

Hamburg IJerks co 

Hague Hollanil 

Ayreshire Scoiland 

Lanarkshire do 

IJousevveiler France 

Monmouthshire S Wales 

Germany 

Potypool S Wales 

Glamorganshire S Wales 

Shropshire Eng 

Merlhyriulvil S Wales 

I5recknockslure do 

Ik'rks CO 

(Carnarvonshire N Wales 

IJrecknoekshire S Wales 

Munmouihshire (k) 

MonigonKM-ysliire N Wale6 

Monmouihshire S Wales 

Berks co 

Phila(leli)hia 

JNorlhumherland co 

Philutlelphia 

Merlhyeiulvil S Wales 

Monmouthshire do 

Myrtbelnlvil do 

Moimiouthshire do 

Berks co 

(iermany 

Pend)rokeshire S Wales 

Norlhundierland co 

Soutli Wales 

Reading 


Brecknoc'kshire do 

Pottsville 

Lancaster co 

Germany 

Blanarvon Monmouthshir;; 8 U 

Berks CO 

Aberhavcsl Mont.shireNWalea

Reaidence—M uiersv ili •• 

Jolm Plall 

David IJewcl}'!! 

Lewis M Joiica 

Joseph 11 fiiivliurds 

Amos H Lewis 

Andrew Paiien 

Wm Lailuii 

John \Vei;*htaum 

David L VViiliîiai; 

Edwviid P! ,u 

Thomas Piatt 

Reese Davies 

Wm Hi- ad aw 

John E Price 

David E Davies 

John E Davies 

David Price 

Thomas A Willi:iiiia 

Philip Whalen 

John llortou 

Jan»es Wdliams 

George H lieach 

Charles IJecknian 

Wm J Stnilh M D 

Daniel Weavci 

John S Davis 

Wm U Thomas 

Wn\ Kamner 

Oscar M Rdbin.s 

Edward Halstein 

Samuel Ileilner 

Wm Williams 

Wm ileiulaon 

liUke Mochait 

Evan Goi",.rj 

Thop.ias Williams 

Abiiih'^ni Morg'in 

EliasBiitki^rt 

1; li ». Morrisoa 

JjUiiSCRiHEK^/ NAMES, 50y 

IMlco of Nativity. 

("aven Mauer liuabon Darnbighshire 

N Wales 

Giauiorganshire S Wales 

Moninoiithsliire do 

CvMphilly (Ilaniorg. do 

IJerks CO 

Nuiiluiniberland co Eng 

Do do 

Do do 

Argoed Monnioiitlish S Wales 

Cuvcn Mauer Deaibigshirc N 

Wales 

Do do do 

iireckiiockshire 8 Wales 

(llatiiorgaiisliire do 

Munmoulhsliire do 

Glamorganshire do 

Do do 

Do do 

Brecknockshire do 


Llaufyrnach S Wales 

IJrecknockshire do 

StalFordshire Eng 

Klanover Gern)any 


Nurlhiimberland co 

(ârmardien^hire S Wales 

Monmoulhshirc do 

t^chuyikill co 

Siinbury 

t/nion co 

Sulzdorf Germany 

Moninoulhshire S Wale& 

Durham co Eng 

Fermanagh co Ireland 

Carmarthenshire !S Walee 

(.lamorganshire do 

r.

510 ;ilIHKRS NAMES. 

Residence—Mir.crsvjilo 

Geor^n! E l\\vtnar 

James lingor:- 

Saimic-l Kaun'mau 

Amos IlarshhLTivcr 

Tlioinas .1 M(.rirai\ 

Tlioin IS I) J..>',wih- 

Aaroti Biin 

David Duvio 

llicbacd Fr;i I'iis 

Siiin-i;;! i'\dix 

Levi Dieiritli 

-Lewis lioberi-1 

Henry Jones 

Jolin 1) Jones (tailiU) 

Ed waul Kt>ar 

Lewis W PiL'vosJ 

William Sliarp 

Ebenezor Jones 

James SpeuiMir 

Andrew Kliiu- 

Chark-s J.uUm, 

Willuim K Kline 

Herl)erl 'I'liomas sr 

Herbert 'I'lhtuias jr 

Henry Joiut 

David .K:ilV!.-s 

Pliili|. \V,-inc.-.i 

Abratrain E Dc Haven 

David KDa vis 

Thomas T Jones 

Charles Vaii^^nau 

William L Jones 

Thomas Jones 

Daniel R Bii^rhl 

Jacob 'I' 'riiumni 

-J L Rol)ert3 

Alexander Manning 

Fredori(d< Zt^ndiali 

Levi E Tliomaa 

Willin-* i.lovti 


Poilsmonlh Eiig 

Leirim co Ireland 

Schnylkdl eo 

Lebanon eo 

Moinnonthshire S Wales 

Erg Europe 

Glamorganshire !S Wales 

lâneaster eo 

SrliuylkiU CO 

(-'olund)ia co 

Glamorganshire S Walec

Keaidence—Mineryvilic. 

William Piicluu-a 

John Tiaycif 

Owen Il'jj!>f3 

Beiijam*! 1) Ilvaiia 

James llw-iiice 

John liobiiis 

Thoiiras (; iManiiel 

Peter Dlraini) 

John 'I'l.uinas itetM 

Jolui 'I'lKinias 

Wm Aiiiim hc 

D R Henneli 

George Hebe 

Henry [{nmer 

Lewib 1' (Jarner 

Taiuaqua 

Wm Taa.inl 

Charles W Dannenhauer 

John Edwards 

Benjaniin lleilner 

GideDii Wlu.istoae 

Valler Mdler 

A 11 Duel 

Uobert Harris 

Ceoige Sherry 

Emanuel l)(jrmit.ior 

Jacol) Glace 

Ralph Nam of 

John 'I'lpiien 

Wm I'lasuvuod 

Hugh Tamany 

Evan Jones 

Isaae JNallrass 

Peter Dodsofi 

A L Bouijimer 

Thomas Mbyer 

John Ffiai. 1 

Nicluilas Iliiibh 

Stepl>ini Harding 

Seliginaii Mnriânrath 

A-coi lvi;;h;udi50a 

ai/bSCtilfUKKS" NAMES, 51 

Pia.;.; of Nativity. 

Brcrknockshire S Wales 

Reading lit;rks CO 

Aiiglesea IS Wales 

Giaiiiorgaiisnierselshire Eng 

(Jerawall do 

Norwegian tp Schuylkill co 


Sdiiih Wales 

Do 

riiiladelphia 

Wiriembiirg Germany 

G. nnantown Philada co 

SchnylkUl eo 

L> coming co 

Scioondorir Wirtemburg 

Suulh Wales 

Manelsdorll'by Coburg 

S( huylkill CO 

JSvviizarland 

Dutchess CO N Y 


Sussex CO N J 

Germany 

Lancaster co 


Do 

Do 


S Wales 

Eugland 

laizerne co 

Iliinlerdon co N J 

Lehigh co 

Germany 

Do 

Ilailord Susquehanna co 

IVlcKU i.^doiH" by Coburg 

Middletuit Durham co Eng

512 SUI.SCUIBEUS' NAME9. 

Residence — 'l';una;-,i.. 

Thonius Tii^Lriri 

Robert R;iu hir 

Charles Vaiifijiaa 

Thomas Johnson ^tu 

Richaril Ciuier 

Thomas Morj/an 

Richaril Ili.bha 

Isaac lliiilvl( y 

Samnel MHâilc 

William Doi.ahison 

John K tSniiili 

IJallzer Keilman 

David iM.'vc; 

John Crtll 

Rev 'i'homas Fosle; 

Thomas Carriifan 

David Hunt, r M D 

David W Nixon 

Wdliam Clark 

Rev D L Palitirson 

Wdliani Uic;hai.lbOii 

William 'riupauy 

Tlioni.ii Ivioiti 

'I'hoinah Wslliania 

J.:sHP. Dod.-'.n 

Abraham A liner 

(.îmrlea Walker 

. 

Place of Nalivitj. 

IS escopeck Luzerne co 


Northampton co 

' 



Do 

Columbia co 

Berks CO 

Germany 

Irtdand 

IJerks CO 


South Wales 

Lei and 

Carbon co 


Do 

Do 

Cornwall Eng 

South Wales 

Do 

Franklm co Mass 

Columbia co 


Salem N J 

Germany 

Lehigh CO 

Germany 


Leland 

Northumberland co 

Philadelphia 


Lanoasier co 

Eimland 



Do 

Luzenrne co 

Noribampion >z

Residence~Tarii&'jij(i. 

John IJiliier 

Thomas Walker 

Tiioinas Johnson jr 

Edward Lowdier 

WiUiam Taylor 

Thomas IJooili jr 

Patrick l\lcN.:Li.s 

Daniel Mit.'oniclgue 

John McQiaU 

James Siuiiluin 

Oeorge Welsh 

Lazarus liice 

Philip Acker' 

Wniiam (iwdyn 

Daniel D.uiul:! 

John Suuali 

Gideon I'riice 

Peter Marks 

John EUinifhain 

Jacob Alherlson 

Nicholas Ikltz 

Andrew Kiv,utr 

lienjaniiu Davis 

Roger Delay 

Lawrence Ruch 

David M hs 

David Love 

Robert Love 

Archibald McDou 

James lilair 

Wm J Davis 

Jonathan Ivershncr 

James Moore 

Abraham Hoiighner 

Nalhanicl Edgar 

Robert ('arler 

Peter 'I1iij»in 

James 'I i gul 

miilia 

Rowliid Jones 

John llcodricks 

Js:iu:;M .lines 

suBSCHiiii'.HS ;NAÎl:.s. AM 

G2 

Flaco of Nativity. ( 

. Goruiany .t 

Enjiland ' '/ 

Durham co l^ngland 

(AUi.berland co do 

Wdislure do ,• 

IL;ai;on do 


Do 

Do 

'^- • 

Cornwall Eng . 

Noniiamplon co , 

(Jcru.aiiy 

Mo.uguniery co 

Soiith Wales 

Do 

i''inl)acli France 

Barks CO 

Furliich France 

Enj^land 

New Jersey 

(jcrni.iiiy 

l.o 

Soiah Wales 

Leiand • 

Lehigh CO _ 

Scluiylkill co' 

' 

- 

' 

. 

^ 

' 

' 

Scotland ' ' ' ' 

Do 

Do 

1>()\\ n CO L-eland 

Mcrthvtidvil S Wales 

Schnyikill (o 

Nu'scoperk ]>uzerne co 

ydiuylkdl CO 

(vuiuniliia CO 

Cornwall co Eng 

Kai,il» Wales 

Do 

lU'ifiluoinery co 

l*nil ulclphia CO 

Soudi Wales 

' 

,' 

, i

514 SOlvSCliiBKRs' NAMES, 

ReBidenoe—Ttt.ni tqiid 

Heiuy 9 Krpiter 

John Vail V;.lkinl>..rs 

Froderilk Kepuer 

Poil. Carbon. 

Abrahiuu IVitt 

LF Wlniiuiv 

O W Uiouu M D 

Clraries lit'lu-.ef 

HiifiliKiMsU^y 

John C lievvis K.-

RemdenM—Port Caibon. 

Joseph Fox 

Chailes Holdeii 

James Baleliler 

A Boiioii 

Frederick Meriz 

Thornas Mulien 

Matihew Siiiiih 

Samuel Seitzi-iger 

Charles Raber 

Wm B Hull 

John Curry 

Wui B Jeuninga 

Miss Hannah Robinson 

Michael Connor 

Jacob S Gordon 

Stephen Ilalley 

Charles Lee 

Rev John A Reiley 

David Jones 

Jesse Jones 

Charles Bogart 

John Lynn 

John Adams 

Isaac Grav 

H Allen 

Philip Steinbach jr 

Silas Shepherd Rungaa 

Andrew Jackson Rmigaa 

George Goodman 

James Niles 

Daniel Ix)okingbill 

Wm Giidroy (Engineer) 

Thomas Brilton 

John Barger 

Philip II Dougherty 

William Stephenson 

Hiram Lex on 

David Levvia 

Henry Lumsden 

Tiiomas Oraliriir, 

Hcur)- ii y-i 

SttHSCRlBERS' NAMES. 515 

Place c[ Nattvilj. 

Daupliia co 

Berks co 

' Coiunibia co 

' New Jersey 

- ' •> 

• 

' 

' 

• 

"^^ 

'' ' c 

• 

i • 

New Berlin Union co " 


• 

. ., , 

Beiks CO 

Now Rochelle NY 

Balleyeasile Ireland 

Ml 

!t, 

Do do 

Engkirid 

Cheatff CO 

Kingj CO Ireland 

Berk3 -o 

, ,•• 

Pl.ilaJclphia .., „ , 

Ccluir.bia co ." ,• ^ . 

Berks CO 


Cilamoi-gaiishire S VVale* 

Norlh'.iinberland co 

l-N".iccnitrsliiro England. 

Worcestershire do , 

Norlulkshire do 

Chester co 

Berks CO . 

Coluiiibia CO = 

Da 

Holland 

Iv3nc:ii-;ter co . 

... 

.' 

,. 

. 

i 

Sciiuylkill CO 

New-Castle uponTyne Eoff 

* 

Nr.ihaiipool Scotland 

Noru'i'gian tp Schuylkill co 

Philiulelphia co 

Yorkstiire England 

IisnoaslcrHhire do 

Port Carbon SchuylkiU to 

Fifeiihire Scotland , 

Meath oo Ireland 

Cumbt-rianJ co 

^

^1§ f,P^;SCUlB)ERS NiVMJBSf 

Rcbidcnce— Fori Clarjjgn. 

Thomas Farley 

James Wlietler 

Levi Ililbert 

Richard Richards 

Orwigshuig. 

Jeremiah Rtcd (Shcriifi 

(,'harlfts Fiaily (Trolho! 

J n Uowniiiif [\h'ir&. I 

Col John l*unii\!i 

Jolm P Il.'lv.r'. IJ-q 

J W Rosebery Fs(i 

James H CnelV II m; 

Andrew J Bum, M \t 

Frtiil'k l\liil'l(Shi)'/n!:.l 

Jose[)h W Hiid do 

G IJ ZaUik 

-N Wetzel ('ruha.M.-uiv. 

Jacob AUcbach 

Henry Krebs 

lleiu-y (noiuunil! -r 

Clrarles W ilni.ri 1',S4 

James M Rilaiul 

lion I'^dvvanl UlLible; 

Jacob Dfibci-t 

Geortê I) 1,01 ;•..',-* 

John A. Svbwalm 

Mark Deib-rt 

Cliristian Bi rgnr ilsq 

Philii) VVeiber Fsq 

Bernard Ycager 

l6Uat>l)eFrehn 

John C Rahn 

Georgfe fi Boyer 

Jacob Maui'.tws 

Ilen.y llesbêr 

Samiuil LeiHer 

Gcorye LeiHcr 

John T Sci.litkerjmo) 

Gen John M Briolrel 

Pl^cc of Nfttiyity. 

Mealli CO Ireland 

Carven co do 

Schuylkill CO 

Ikoricley Kng 

Pottsville Schnvlkil! co 

:) ReadinfT 

^l:) Glicstcr CO 

Do 

Montgomery co 

I'ollritinvn do 

; 

,.r') 

or 

Oiwigsbiirg Schuylkill 1 

\)o do 

Reading 

Orwigaburg 


Baltimore Md 

Berks co 

Do 

Scluiylkill CO 

Union CO •' . 

Reading 

Montgomery cu 

{{eading 


l'hiladel()hia 


Do 

Do 

Berks CO 


Do . 

Do 

Do 

Do 

Do 

Lancaster co 

Do . 

Germany 

Reading 

1 

. 

5unicu-

m SUhcCJUaZUS NAMES, 

Saoidance—Pelbisow. 

Dudloy Gnnt 

David C Mills M D 

Daniel Ma'ierfvirt 

New PliibdeirlJd.. 

Charles Smiih 

Nathan Brirlotv 

Geo P L:irJer 

Conraii Boh 

Goo Rcciiion 

Edward Huluuv 

R G Bland 

Patrick Oweas 

Millport. 

Isaac Maria 

John Williams 

Thomas Meredilk 

James Mcr.ellan 

Joseph Balliet 

Ludwig Ik'iismgci 

Jacob Keinmel 

Reuben Dfiilior 

William Shaman 

John Mariz 

Asa Balliet 

James Toben 

Daniel Edwards 

John BartieU 

William Raper 

Charles Clevebtid 

Edward BiriningV.'-iu 

Lick Run 

John Kelly 

Henry D.ivies 

Jonathan Wiiiingluv.n 

William [vIcKcan 

John Uicn 

Silver Craek ar.i Vr.lK' 

Thomas Ilacket 

Wm Richards (D!-jcUsii, 

Patrick Whalen 

X'lacfl of Nativjlj, 


Philadelphia city 



Montgomery co 

Norlhampton co 

Montgomery co 

Lanarkshire Scotland 

Iliuneville Bucks co 

Ml Airy Berks co 

Riiscommon Ireland 

New Berlin Union co 

Monmouthshire S Walec 

Brecknockshire do 




Lancaster co 


Columbia co 

Union CO 


Kilkenny Ireland 

Glamorganshire S Wakt^ 

Mauch Chunk 


Massachusetts 

Cavea co Iieland 

Kilkenny co Ireland 

Brecknockshire S Wale-.; 

Yorkshire Eng 

Donegal co Ireland 


f Furnace. 


iih) Carnarvonshire N W.i,.* 

Kilkenny co Ireland

Residence—S.Creek &.V. Fun; 

Edward O'Urien 

George Fritz 

John Hutchi;,oii 

John Jani(J3 

Mark Dowiu^y 

ttobert Pelrick 

Michael Qui'jn 

'Rees Joiiea 

Alexander 

LientJolin McN.-Jr 

llublcyville, 

Charles Beiuielt 

Benjamin 'I'ilua 

Samuel Keller 

John La wry 

[lugh Carlia 

James Gillaspa 

Thomas Harratt 

John Roe 

Joseph IJeacihim 

Kvan Williams 

Bollinont. 

David Oliver' 

Charles Long 

Wm Clark 

James Weir 

Wm Williams (Brksmiih 

Robert Sterling liiown 

Richard Mison 

Henry King 

Thomas Colahan 

John R Jones 

James I/jrd 

Patrick Candy 

Wm Henderson 

Wm W.^slwuod 

Rubh Towni.hip. 

James Blew 

A Bon^lmer Esq 

Si.as.Kl Kinjj 

iiWBacnnjKna" names. l'M9 

acc.Iiac. of Nativity. ... y ;vt. , 

) 

K( lk( nny co Ireland 

Fr mce 

Lanarkshire Scotland 

Biorknoekîhire S Walea 

Kerry co Ireland 

R.inlordshire Scotland 

Aiiiajfh CO Ireland 

Breoknockshiie S Wales '' 

Ranirewshire Scotland 

Ruiiisey Ible of Man , 

Ncir Bellefonte Centre co 

E.isiitn 

111 rka CO 

Kilrienny co Ireland 

Donegal co Ireland , 

Philadelphia co i 

. 

Lancastershire England 

Monigomerysliiie N Wales 

Soiiierset co Eiig 

Mtuunoutlibhire S Wales 

Morris co N J 

Lc'ingh CO 


Renfrewshire Scotland 

(yannarihenbhire S Wales 

Ayrshire Scotland 

Ca.iiliganshire S Wales ' 

Sugar Loaf Luzerne co 

Gal way co Ireland 

Brecknockbhire S Wale8> ;., 

Si'luiylkill CO 

Ri(.'(ommon CO Ireland 

Fifeshire Scotland ,; 

Laniukshire do 

Sîiiersetco N J 

lIiHitanlon co N J 

Net^ôo[)cck Luzerne co

520 iUUSCUiBERS' NAlvt^'t,*: 

R*6idenc-e— fl u.sii Tc wnsliip, 

John Kanp 

Henry Drcsii 

Jacob Faust 

"West Tonn. 

Jacob L()nL,îcr2 Fy.,q 

Jacob Merer 

Honry Boacliain 

Mount Ci.rhon. 

L Roiherinel 

Wm W ]iri..nt 

John Palloii' 

(Jeorge Grim 

Yuung'a I.iir.Jiht;. 

George WiKlo 

James IlowRr 

John Ijra(hlbi,rg 

Eagle Hill. - 

Daniel llichanls 

Morgan Tiiomas 

Joy Crean 

Aaron Persai, 

David Lewis 

Daniel Williams 

Patrick Reddiiigtan 

Thomas Ilumiije 

I'^-ederick li'Uler 

Benjamin Wheistone 

David Ricliards 

Tlionias Maclial 

Windy Haiboj'. 

Wm Gass 

Samuel Johnson 

Enoch Evar.s 

Beliasi. 

Edward Seddoi: 

Wm Hilton 

Isaac P Diiulap 

Beat Kidtji 

•-VVu Haokcr 

Place of Na'tivity. ' 

Schnvlkill co 

bo ; 

Do 

. 

' 

Montgomery co 

Noriliampton co 

Nomersetshire Eng 


Herks co 

Seolland 

Montgomery co , 

Yorkshire Eng 

Lancastershire England 

Do do 



Slad'ordbhire Eng 

Nalcm i/uzerne co 

(ilamorgaiishire S Wales 

Merthyrlidvil do 

lioscommon Ireland 

Nordnnnberlund co EngLid 

Yorkshire do 

W Penn Ip Schuylkill co 

Hreckiiockshire S Walea 

Do do 

Yorkshire Eng • 

IM.iladclphia 

Staflordshire Enor' 

],:lncaster&hire Eng 

Do do 

Hindis CO 

Wilkshire Eng 

/ 

i

Residence—Bear ICidgf^. 

Win Evans 

John Morcran 

Lafayette (Jralinii 

Thomas MaicJilh 

Griffiths Edwards 

Simpson VVomer 

Wm Zimmerman 

Henry Lloyd 

David L Ri.i'.ards 

SUBSCHIIIEKS AlvtES. 521 

Piacf of Nativity. 

Brii.id F^ngland 

' 

' 

''' *' 

' 

',, 

, 

Momiioiillishire S Wales , 

Mt)ni(,ômery co 

GhuiiorganJhire S Wales 

Brecknockshire do ,- 

Berks co 

Lancaster co 


' 

' 

- '^. 

, 

' 

• 

' 

" 

\ 

^

Ii92 KUBSCKICERS NAMES. 

Rfisidence—St. Clear. 

Wm Cha.indy 

John lIoiljT.ôn 

DaviJ Rii/keu 

Ellis Kwken 

Henry Gxviii 

Wm Nnylor 

Philip Lewis 

Thomas UcenQ 

Roborl Hniilies 

Daniel Sh' after 

Mich;ii:l Lniig 

Jeremiah WikKi 

Aaron Hower 

Joel M(!iz 

Joseplj E Davia 

Mill Creek. 

Samuel Ciipewell 

Thomas Manglien 

Robert Willi 

C Goimly 

Pliilip l*rt I'll 

John Moon; 

Josepli Aiki;iM)n 

John Saiiti^c; jr 

Richard II ill 

Geo \V VV.iwgoner 

Ilenry lIolliii;ui 

Hugli McAlli.^lcr 

New Castle. 

Ephraini Plhlips 

John MeHan-.n 

Peter K Sciizinger 

Henry Rhouls 

Abraham Ciiii[) 

Wm Liul,!luilc3 

Geo Riifsnyiljr C.:q 

Levi Reler 

'i'honias Ymiag 

Georj{n .\lleii 

^V>n DickH)Sua 


Oxford England 

North England 

N Wales , 

Do 

Columbia CO 


Do 

(ilamorganshire S Wales 

(/u;rmarihensliirc do 

liiuks CO 

Bairen Gtrmany 

Yorkshire Eng 

Columbia co 

Do 

Cacrmarlhcnshire S Walct 

Staflordshire England 

Norlhumberlanil co 

Kilkenny cu Lcland 

Londonderry do 

Weckford do 

Durham lO Eng 

Do do 

Dnion tp liUZtrneco 

ytallordshire Eng 

Monigomery co 

Kilkenny co Leland 

Juniata co 

Norlhumberland co 


Berks CO 

Columbia co 



IMonlgomery co 


New (Jaslle upon Tyne Enj^ 

Notlinidiambhire '.'lo 

Do d.>

R«flidetM»-—Nev; Cai'Ue. 

John Roacoe 

Peter Dickenson 

Adams' Colliciy. 

Jaraoa Adams 

B Morris 

Henry Lloyd 

John Kupp 

Centrcvilln. 

Tlionias C Condoi 

Robert Wlule 

WaJesville. 

John Morgan jr 

Rees David 

Daniel Dillman 

Jas Fiizsimnions Esq 

Jefferson Unibehawber 

John B McCord 

Rees Rees 

Thomas Jones 

Thomas Owens 

\Vm Dabenparl 

John Byrne 

Henry Olsey 

David Davis 

Joseph Denning 

George Altin 

Dennis Fielding 

Wm CrisswcU 

Floweryfield. 

Samuel Clifl" 

John Daniel 

Thomas Young 

East Delaware Mines. 

Thomas Ferry 

John C Leibig 

Edvk'ard Moiriscn 

John Rtes 

Peter McDonald 

Wni Lyons 

Edav. :/ui Pounder 

SUBSCKI8ER; 22$ 

PlacB of Nativity. 

NLLiinghamshire England 

Da do 

. . 

Antrim eo Ireland j 

'I'yrone (;o do j- 

Lh.nhillctliS Wales 

,,' 

tJunaany ,., .:,,,, 

Lo;,(lon Eng 

Beth File CO Scodand 

Poly pool S Wales 

Gi.iinorgansbire do 

Sdiuylkill CO 

Selinsgrove Union co 

Lelianon co 

Schuylkillco 

Glain(jrg:inshire S Walog 

Caiiiiiâiibhirc (\o 

Br> iknockribire do 

• .Si.'ll'ordsliiro Eng • • 

Wirklow CO Ireland 

Siis.sex CO N J 1 • ' 

Cajrmarthenshire S Wale* 

Soiiiersctsliire Eng 

' 

' 

< 

'• 

D'jibybhire do = 

Lii.';aslershire do ' 

; 

SlaHbrdsliire da • - ''• 

Ciicsbire England 


Yufkshire Eng 

Dill ham CO Eng 

B-Jiki- CO 

Lam asîershire Eng 

Gl iiiiorganshire S Wales 

MiC: trh in CO Ireland 

Sc.jiiVlkill .;o 

Yoikfchii-e Eng 

I 

' 

•> 

i , 

'^ 

; 

:', 

. 

'

531 UIBERS* tiJisHts'. 

Residar.cc—E. Dolbwan; Mi' 

John Peahil;;lc 

Daniel Rothenncl 

John Andrey Kirkley 

Jacob John 

Philip Mjnhr.iat 

Scott Steel 

» James Geniiiiu- 

James McLaughlin 

iVnlhony Durkin 

Clu-isti;m Zeiher 

l*atrick Sweny 

Thomas Ferry ji 

Joseph Collim 

Henry James jr 

'i'homas Morgan 

Wm Symmona 

Henjaniin Smith 

John ilosking 

North American ]\liues. 

Daniel Evans 

Thomaa Jones 

Daniel Rees 

'J'liomas Junes jr 

Wm Howell 

Miss Marg:ue( Lewii 

Renna Jones 

John Marlni 

William March 

Lemnel Osborn Laty 

John Mann 

Hay wood'b Colliii) 

Nicholas Wel-li 

George McNeille 

John IlKJley 

William Harris 

JR?.lph Shaw 

George M lines 

Michael Mangen 

'ri'.onias G May 

, 

. Place of Nativit/. " • 

Yorkshire England' 

Nurthnmberland co 

New Castle Upon TynfrEng 

Columbia co 

France 

Glasgow Scotland 

• Kilkenny co Iieland- 

Gal way co do 

Mayo CO do 

Trear co Prussia 

Mayo CO Ireland 

Durham co Eng 

Kilkenny co Ireland 


Monmonlhshire S Wales 

Cornvvall co ]\ng 


Gludgen Cornwall co Eng 

Carmarthenshire S Wales 

Do do 

Do do 

Do do 

Monmouthshire do 

Do do 

Union co S Carolina 



Columbia co 

Alanchester Eng 

liongford CO Ireland' 



South Wales 


Do 


Cornwall Eng

Residence— Laudingville. 

Sy|-SCRTBEK6' NAMK3.

526 :CtinjERS NAMES, 

Residence— Sclujyildll iL.ve 

James E Murray 

n II Sfjam- 

Edward II Whedci 

FlavL'l JJoaii 

WUHain Rcljer 

JonallMU ileisler 

George Dillniiin 

F VV Sny.icr 

Nalliati fS II:ifdcn«tjiiii 

Robert Bans 

Ch-.ivic,^ Clirist 

DD Lewis (Wa((;rlool'J; 

Llewellyn. 

Thomas Williuiia 

Jaiiies liowe 

Edniiind lUAi 

Henry lirebiur 

Amos Kiejrel 

Frederick Loiigaback 

Win Heel. 

Jacob flime jr 

Saiimcl Kerd 

Jo:ie[)h Cockili 

John K(H:h 

Robert John 

Thomas 15 Ai/hol Esq 

Walk in llcynoii 

James Andrews 

Jon Thomas 

David Thomas 

John RoJfêrs 

Thomas Davis 

James Walker 

Damon Schroj) 

Francis Speneec 

Jacob Schcnnan 

Janies Lovij; 

Abrahaiti Ijiuen 

John Evatie 

.-. Uraii Fo?d 

J. Place of NaliviJy. 

Chester CO 

S.-huylkdl CO 

Phib.'d. Iphia 

Noi hiimberland co 

Sell uy Ik ill CO 

i)o 

Do 

Do 

Montgomery co 

Ramsey England 

R.a

Roeidence—Cosicrv il! tv 

Mrs Emma Brilten 

Abraham Ay res 

John Luzariis 

Solomon George 

Lewis lewis 

Mrs Elizal)e;U Ikiitfiu 

Joscpli Swa.ibon 

GrilVnli Williams 

David Joins 

William Meling 

MorderM j'o^vfli 

fTJlj3CI*il'J-^K.» NAMES. 527 

Forrealville auJ lha..ch l own .I'lp. 

Salalhiel Harris 

Onviii M(('nlly 

David (iluver 

David C^)Hvvay 

Wm U riiomas 

Goodman Dolbau 

John Davis 

Edward Prossar 

Thomas Hrowu 

TilOinad Eva lid 

Robert l*iirsU)W 

John Jones 

Win Tliumas 

Francis SaiiUey 

Hugh Mc('U)slicy 

Samuel (irecii 

John Dallon 

West-W.-st. 

Rev Daniel Kees 

Morgan Williams 

Wm David 

Howel Jaitpeys 

John Price 

David Wel.her 

Joseph Evaii-i 

Robert liuiVnan. 

John Mason 

Joseph Watia 

Uol'man 

Cha:'- ; 

Pluv of Nativily. 

Glouc-estershire England 

Devonshire Eng 

Do do 

Norlhampton co 

Monmouthshire S Walea 

Peyta 

do 

(yi.i.dterland co Eng 

iJre^kuockshire !S Wales 

Glum.irgunshire do 


Moumoiuhshirc S Wales 

0(:[awall CO Eng 

Ay re.shire Scodand 

Do do 

Do do 

Moimiouthshire S Wales 

Dembighshire N Wales 


Biccknoekshire do 

Shmpshire England 

Do do 

Do do 


Monmoulhshire do 


Tyrone co Ireland 

Siairordshire Eng « 

Wi si Meath CO Ireland 


Do 

do 

Menmoulhshire do 


Do 

do 

Do 

do 

Eedfordshire Eng 

IJerkrt CO 

Glmn eslershire Eng 

Dnrliam co 

Ucrhs CO 

do

i^2S sunbcuiuEus' names. 

RL'Hidcncc-~VVf-it-Ui;Kt. Pliux of Nativity. 

John Gi'.IiIp Scliiiylkill co 

Thomas George; MoMiiioiitlishire S W^le; 

WilliaiTi Wliiiehrad Lancastershire Eng 

Peler Francl, L(.'hioh co 

Johnlâvis 8lul!oi-dshire Eng 

George Slull Ceiiuany 

John Tonkin (Cornwall Eng 

Lawrence Clunl'.vick Lancaster co Eng 

John May Oornwall Eng 

Thomas; Keiiiiy (lalway co Ireland 

Hugh Miirry Ilothergon Scotland 

Peter Murry Antrim co Irehind 

Evan Evans Olajnorgaiisliire S Wale»; 

Wni Joney CVarinarlhenshire S Walt': 

TliOuias Divis (Jlamorganshirc do 

James IJiy kU (llouccbtershire I'^ng 

Timothy Cojilou Mayo co Ireland 

Samuel liiish ( Jloucesitershirc I'!ng 

Henjamin \.u^ Lancasier co do 

Olhniel (ieiger 

Wm nullM'aa 

Ik-rks co 

Do 

Solomon llisa Shamokin Norlh'd co 

Jacob Hriii Ml Scluiylkill co 

Solomon Ah Kiiu". y 

IJerks co 

West Wood, 

John Specie jr 

Yorkshire Eng 

Thomas Junes Glamorganshire S Wale.: 

Wnv Price Brecknockshire do 

Samuel Giliingli.wr. 

Wm Thomas 

Pliilaclel[)hia co 

(armarlheiisliire 8 Wak- 

Mrs Catharine Pugh Shropshire I'^ng 

John Oagcii Gornwall do 

Mrs Sarah Wilde Yorkshire do 

Miss Sarali llu.dy Wilke Delaware co 

Joseph VViui Yorkshire lOng 

Richard li.>ûh 

Wm (-.ahou 

Gloucester co Eng 


Nicliol IS Tlioinuri Do i\o 

James Parr Lancaslershire do 

ClKirh'S Surrick Berks co 

Jonathan VViasley Cornwall Eng

RfiSidence— Wesc-Wooa. 

Sanuiel G Dobbin 

Samuel Siiiuns 

George lh;atu.'ld 

John Cerbey 

John Parry 

Llewelyn Evans 

Richard Dennis 

John Philips 

Philip Detrich 

McKtntnsliiirg. 

Jacob F Fieichler M D 

Lewis Dreher 

DewaUl H PolT 

Joshua IJoyer 

Uenneville Medler 

Norwegian Tawni-liip. 

Elias Reed (Engineev) 

Samuel Foulds 

Abraham Horn 

David [Jrown 

William Headle 

Jacob (r ivrieger 

Michael Gaghan 

John L Beadle 

Edmund Kichardson 

Edward Pugh 

John Dixon 

William llooler 

George Sidgwick 

Evan F Lloyd 

Patrick F McAndrcwrf 

Samuel Zimmerman 

John Reed 

Stephen Parnes 

Thomas Lewis (Engine 

Ghas Reed 

I'homas Rees 

Daniel Morgan (Eagir.c 

Mark Hadley 

Johi' Winnlh.C/i'ise 

?UBS€R3!BEU3' IsAMES. 529 

m 


Burlit.glon co N J 

Denbiglishire Eng 

Do do 

Scluiylkill CO 

Brecknockshire S Wales 


Gor.v.vall co Eng 

Do do 

Schiivlkill co 

]}ll', KS CO 

ychuylkill co 

Berks CO 

«( U'lylkill CO 

Do 

Seh.iylkill co 

Denbighshire Eng 

Berks CO 

Norihiimberland co Eng 

Dm bam co Eng 

Norduind>erland co 

Kinjjs CO Leland 

Durham co Eng 

Pbiladelphia co 

Gloucestershire Eng 

Lancaslershire do 

Do do 

Diuliam CO do 

Pemlnokeshire S AVales 

Mayo CO Ireland 

Lancaster co 

Sch'.iylkill co 

rinladelphia 

or) Monmouthshire S Wales 


Pernbiokeshire S Wales 

:er) Mcnmouthslure do 

BviMol Eng 

SiaflurdsJiire Eng

530 Sini.SCUIBEUs' NAMES. 

Kcsidiiucc 

j)avid Puw 

Wm 

No I 

''.\iylor 

tStephei/O'H; 

Wm Davi. 

Isaac Wiilii'.ni;^ 

Echviird llopkirz-i 

I^Jvvard Llewellyi 

'i'Iiom;i.s ,]e;:kins 

J'lnianuel Korbert 

William Watkiiirf 

Samuel Tiley 

Joseph Batem; n 

Kolliiii,' fJ*'lieiy 

'I'hornas Wiyr.iii 

Tlioinas Yijuiif/ 

(ieortfe Hvaii^ 

West Ihal V .11 

A A Clailsou 

Alfied D.'i'oreM |; 

Oharles \V II ill 

Henry liocluig 

Oeuiê Diii^^lci 

Kev Cieoi:> ; .ii;i;i.; 

Henj Kaiitu. i 

(^diailes 1{ DtFon 

Geo Payiiu 

Benj M" Low IS 

Gcoige I\i;-!l.lo 

Willis Hill 

City ufl'Lil,..,.! 

Z Prall M D 

A Sternberot-r î 1 

Samuel Laird Esq 

W W Cnusler 

Wm A Ba!tH-3 

Thomas Mhvvis E; 

Charles Millor Eet 

Wallr-ir Patterson 

Edw J Clause 

S L ILighe-j 

N Lazariis 

T N Buck Esq 


Brecknockshire S Wales, 

Somersetshire Eng 

L'cland 

Clamorganshire S Wales 

J)o 

Do 

Monmouthshire 

Do 

i)q 

Radnorshire 

Somersetco Eni>laiid 

Do do 


Do 

Columbia eo 

Philadelphia 

New York 

Do 

France 


Philadeli-hia 

Berks CO 

New York 


Berks eo 

SrhuyikiU CO 

New York City 

Ntu- Jersey 

Lehigh co 

Glasgow Scotland 


'J'yrone Ireland 

Bucks eo 

Philadelphia co 

Do 

Philadelphia 

Bucks CO 

Philadelphia 

Bridgetoa N

Resilience—W. Brunsuiil; T(; 

Gabriel Benlio 

Abraham Mo)'er 

JSamuel Blackburn 

Charles Kramer 

fiernard Tiaiiaon 

Samuel B Mccller 

James Piico Esq 

Daniel Dreher 

East Braiii-wick 'i ov.!r:ii;f, 

Jonathari Yost 

Charles Dreher 

Wm B Kershner 

Jolin Seltzer 

Simon Morberger 

John Raiish 

(Jharles Foeht 

S B Merkcl 

('hrisiian Koch jr 

Israel Stamer 

Ijernartl Koch 

Jonas Bach 

Charles Ivoch 

I'eler Sterner 

Jacob G Stewart 

Peter Jones 

Wm II Hill 

William Back 

(ieo Foclit 

Port ('liuton. 

Jacob Casper 

(ieorge Wiggan 

Gabriel Melz 

John Philipson 

Reuben R Binder 

Iliram Itoyer 

Wm Moyer 

George Hond 

John K Siegfried 

Martin Ilutninei 

Geo lleebiiir 

Jon-,, i^ iMeglVieil 

UJiiCiiT fi.EU-;- NAMES. 531 

Fiuce of Nativity. 

Berks CO 

Do 

Donegal Ireland 

Srliuylkill CO 

Cf

532 StJltSCillBiiRS' NAMES. 

Rc6idiM;ce— Port Clit, Place of Nativity. 

KeubtMi iSundti Northampton co 

Wni Piovin:i Tyrone co Ireland 

Janiej EUiolt Donegal co do 

Geo W R'jif5n\Hl- i- Schuylkill co 

Peter Mallc-ion Berks co 

Wm Acker |)o 

Thomas Acker r.eiiigh co 

J IMcOoidy (Reading; Herks county 

Milti.n Nice (llamhurn) Lehigh co 

J WeiilmanfSkof-ni'r.svilli;) Berks co 

Schujii.i'i r. c..)Borktico 

John i''lick (Mauch (Jhunk)Norlhanipton co 

Manliui.fi T Avanii[). 

John Benilieisel Schuylkill co 

J,evi ArnnKl Luzerne co 

Julin Mauicr Tk-rks co 

Daniel Bartolet Do 

John iStrauc-h Do 

George Kushner SrhiiylkiU co 

Wm Minnich J'ottsville do 

L Bevel (Waterloo lockri) Elsez I'Vance 

Chas Dengl'T ( do Iloiul) Montgomery co 

Benjamin Ili'lliirt iiuckland tp Berks ctv 

John Doatiich Reading Berks co 

Sannud Si.'iiih Coventry Chester co 

AVni llf. finer (Lev/ispori) Schuylkill co 

John Duncan (Lancastci), Lancaster Ohio 

Win Stf j/henson ("i?any tj)) Durham co Eng 

A V' "VVHsou 1^ do ) Coliindda co 

G 1. .jwi', (f?hi;;l-.'^lii.;iiy V-.) Teuipletoa Pemh'k ^L

KesiJence—MaiiJi:-i)ii "i\.. 

\) Schellliaiuiner (Luz coj 

James Kester ( do j 

Pine GrovQ. 

William SpiMiglcr 

Vincent L Conrad 

John Stiimpfler Esq 

David LomisoM 

William II RoiaocLl 

Jacob March 

James Oiuuird- 

Geo W liaiu 

David Greenawall 

John Kitzmiller 1' M 

Jacob Huber 

I'eler Filbert 

Samuel Unss Esq 

Henry Wile 

John A Ik'chtle Esq 

William P Kendall 

^Villiam Bower 

John Snyder 

William Forrey 

liCvi Miller 

Daniel G Kutz 

John F Derby 

(ieorge Lauigan 

(ieorge Scliurtel 

K Kobiason M D 

Jacob Christ M D 

Benjamin Sadder V D I\.( 

John E Fertig- 

Lewis Lalir 

John Werntz 

Henry Werntz 

liCwis Keeser 

William Gorgas 

Frederick Krccker V D IVi 

llenr}' Shaniz 

Raymond Oiigst 

JoyojdrH Weaver 

KeubL'M H Stees 

SUllSCKf.l,:GK;5 NAMES. 533 

Plu.e of Nativity. 

T'olumbia co 

l.uzenrne co 

Ruading Berks co 

Piiiegrove Schuylkill co 

I.angansalza Germany , 

CoKimbia co 

lif'Lianon co 

Ch ester co 

JJfirks CO 

Do 

Lt !ianon co 

Franklin CO 

I.tLanun co 

Berks CO 

Do 

Do 

Do 

Do 

Do 

Sv'iLiylkillco 

W.tmelsdorf Berks co 

La.ncaster co 

\Vayne tp Schuylkill co 

AlDany co N Y 


Pinegrove tp Schuylkill co 

Lane aster co 

Reading 

Baltimore Md 

Wayne tp Schuylkill co 

Do do 

Jian caster co 

Do 

Burks CO 

Lancaster co 

Philadelphia 

Lobanon Lebanon co 

Piiibgrove Schuylkill co 

la.'ljanon co 

MidJleburg Union co

53^ SUHSCiailERS NAMES. 

ReeiJence— Pine CiiLVL. 

John llooli 

Jose[ih IToni 

(Jeorge Troslel 

Juhn Guydar 

Mount Pi^ro t''ii'-!un:e. 

James Betz 

"Wni ]

Reriiilenft!— Lorbcn-y hliiic:.-. 

Jacob Wcintz 

Henry James 

Jacob Bickelman 

Oriilin Slack 

Wayi.e T(j\\n::hip 

John llLunini:! 

J L Rilan>l 

Thomas Acka 

Jacob N Fcnig 

Henry lâiii.'lj 

Jacob F Faust 

Jacob Men nig Esq 

iieoTgii V Shall 

SUtoSCRHiEUt 535 

Daniel Fritz 

Pifêgrove tp Schuylkill co 

Joseph 15erger 

i\I;u\heim do 

Nathan Levy 

Isaac Dengler 

Not'hwhitehall Lehigh co 

N Hanover tp Montgom co 

Daniel F lierger 

iVIaiiheim tp Schuylkill co 

Wm l' Berger 

Do do 

WmWagm-r(W liiunsw 'l.)lU:kaco 

HccksluiviUc, 

SamI Keech 

Timothy Ilollahan 

John O'Uryen 

John Dalryiiiple 

.\ndre\v Foulds 

Patrick IJreiuiaa 

Hugh Doolay 

Thomas W'riglit 

John Abling 

Jacob Kohler 

Tliomas -Morgan 

John Scou 

Duncan Weir 

Martin Hoyle 

WLu\c.'--to'An. 

Elias lii\g\YJ 

DaviJ Evans 

tJrari'.i. 'Jeorge 

John G'i/Hih 


Lancaster co 

Coinwall CO England 

Saarbrack co Prussia 

Derbyshire England 


Near rSorristown Montgom co 

Manheim tp Schuylkill co 

AV.ivne tp do 

ll.iUco 

Ikîch tp Schuylkill co 

I-au caster co 

Scliiiylkill CO 

Lancaster co 

Cork CO Ireland 

Queens co do 

r.u;ipsie CO Scotland 

Uenl'rewshire do 

Kihcenny co Ireland 

Qiu'ens CO do 

Kilkenny co do 

Oicy l[) Berks co 

Do do 

iMoiimoulhshire S Wales 

Noilhumberh:nd co F'ng 

Muiikirk Ayrshire Scotland 

Newport R 1 

Al'jimiouthire S Wales 

Ql:.raorgansliire S Wales 

Carmarthenshire do 

IMoaraoulhshire do

Reeidonco—VVeavcrsiowii. 

James Atkinson 

John Conu'uy 

Jiirnes Liglufoot (Oilo tr 

I.uwelloi;. 

Win Pugli 

Win Parlriilgo 

Wni Robsoii 

Eihv Roljson 

Joshua Sini|)kins 

L(dah 8 Brock 

Wm Kobins 

West Wood. 

John Ferrill 

Jolin Nicholas 

Richard Trezibe 

John Heachain 

Stephen Canall 

Mackeybburg. 

'rhonias Cow aii 

(^liarlus Wcsiicr 

Coal Casl!, 

Michael Sandojr 

Michael Sando si 

Pottsvill,:. 

Jolin II Rohrer 

F li Nichols 

Miss Hannah Mavia Kelly 

Isaac T Iludtleu 

Jabez Sparkj 

John Smith 

Isaac C Iloppin 

John Joiiii'-on 

Joseph Allison jr 

Joîeph T Davis 

Daniel lIoUcii 

Pottsviile I.ibiary 

. 

SUaSLKHiERS NAMES, 


Durham co England 

Ayrshire Scotland 

ictjStaHbrdshue Potteries En; 

Rrickonshire England 

Shropshii-e

SUBSCKlB'oKi' NAMK3. 537 

CARBON COUNTY. 

Ketiidence—Mduch Chi:iik. i-lure of Nativity. 

Jolin Flick Nuihamplon co 

8ilas Soloman Ilacketstown N Y 

Stephen L Connoi: Duches co N Y 

'I'hoaias li Cullin I.i\ui[)oul Eng 

Jesse Blair AVilksharre 

liobert II liayre Ct liinibia co 

Major J II BisliOj) Jvisiuu 

E A DoLiula.is EhgiiK'cr If.Miâlaer co N Y 

A Lockliarl I.iizenie co 

Jolm Wallou Carbon co 

Ceo \V Dodson Teacher luzuriieco 

J T Dodsoii Esq C'nrhon co 

l?ev W Bishop "W^jrcet^ter co Mtl 

II Wlieeler Esq (iJway N V 

1, 1) Kuovvlcs (; Jlumbia co 

AViu II Hutk;r E^^l IMmiigdnHny co Md 

J li Leiwers Teaciicr St Johns W Indies 

John JNlears Pbihidelphia 

Win II Fisher Cokunbia co 

Samuel B IJutchi.~tu j\oi ihainpton co 

Jonathan Fincher C'Diiunbia co 

Ceorge Weiss Fuzeme co 

A L Foster Hampshire co Mass 

Cornelius Conner Caiskill N Y 

John Fatzinger Esq Allentown Northampton co 

Hon Asa Packer N Loudon co Ct 

Conrad Miller Noriliainpton co 

Geo W Masser M D ymibm-y Northumberland co 

Asa li Vannfirniaii Mi Belliel Northani|>ion co 

Justus (rould Liu'ii-ne co 

Jno I) TboinpÔM iM D iMi adham Morris co N J 

Koberl Mailer Fsq Culuinbiu co 

Simon Billing Montgomery co 

AVilliain WdUd.r.s Coluud)ia co 

IIu-L:.i ^\'olf Cavhun co

538 SCBSCI'tliiERS NAMES. 

RcBidence—M uicli. Chunk. 

John P OHLTiuaii 

Alexander Steadinau 

James McC.ill 

Lewis Slieniagle 

Moses Farray 

Mark lleatli 

liichanl Blay 

W W «niit,h 

John lieihge 

Wm Muio 

Jacob S Wallace I':;J4 

William BiKlcr 

Anemon Ivlotz 

Joscj)h liijiln 

Nicholas BalliLl 

'I'homas Sliec-ker 

Benjamin llamiltoii 

Peter Conner 

N M CrooviT 

James McKeen jr INii 

Capl Aluahani II an'.-.. 

Jacob Slraubi 

Israel IJeahni 

Maj Koberl Kl'jtz 

Wm De Frclin 

Hiram Woliiiigcr 

Wm n Jones 

Joseph Collins 

James Lyon 

Joseph Porter 

Wm Moore 

James Moore 

Samuel llymlinan 

Michael Kelly 

Elias Crenior 

Lewis Beer 

Ira Coruiirhi 

Thomas M iJralce M 1) 

Philip Maul: 

Ahrahtun Andn-o 

• •toriie Kiiur^r 

I'lace of Nativity. 


Do do 

Berks co 

llesse Darmstadt Germany 

Donegal co Ireland 

Hunterdon co N J 

'I'hames OxCortlshire Eng 

ilimterdon co N J 


('hester co 

E as ton 

Columbia co 

(Jarbon co 

('olunibia co 

Cailion CO 

Do 

Frankford Philada co 

CatskillN V 

Kutland CO Vt 

Atlantic Ocean 

Chestnut Hill Philada co 

Do i\o 



Orwigsburg Schuylkill co 

Monroe co 

New Castle co Del 

Cloucester co N J 

Londonderry co Leland 

Do do 

Do do 

Do ilo 

Do do 

Cavan co do 

Trenton N J 


Luzerne co 

^Vyoming Valley Luz co 


lierks CO 

Schuylkill co

Residence—Muui-h Cliunk. 

Amos Stroll 

Stephen 'J\itile 

John Varner 

John Mcbîngv;v 

Sanuiel IJogerl jr 

I high Maser 

Charles Roth 

Jacob Sau(l>_>l 

John Paiiiier 

("harles SnyiUir Sh.eiill 

Josiah Horn 

Lewis 1) West 

(i W Sin'psou 

(ieorge Kisiier 

Daniel Olewine 

Abiel Dodson 

Caj)t Ezra Dodson 

J{enjaniiu JMilchell 

James Jîue 

Samuel Alden 

I'atrick Iveily 

Wm Oakey 

Andrew Hrown 

Frederick Shobart 

James Savage 

Levi Miner 

Jolin Urauden 

N D Cortrighi 

Abraham Focht 

Jeremiah Andreas 

Stephen Balliett 

John W Pryer 

John Prytr 

Robert Wallace 

Nehemiah Eul)ody 

(ieorge Shadel 

(Jol John Lcnlz 

Thon.ao lioyl 

Michael Farrell 

'rimulliy Sulivan 

ME i:i')crt 

Ezeikel Scott 

oUBSCKlIiKiiS NAMKS. ,39 

I'lacc >( Nativity. 

Columbia co 

Susquehanna co 


].uzerne co 

Norihamplon co 

])o 

Salifrbury Lehigh co 

Do do 

Sunbury Norihumberland co 

Carlhin co 

Do 

Clictilcr CO 

PInl.delphia 

Columbia co 

Carb'Hi CO 

Iiuzerne co 

Do 

IM.ih.d.lphia CO 

Lnzi'iiie CO 

Do 

Di 

Wyoming co 

Pitititon Luz CO 

Luzerne co 

JUoomsburg 

IJerkti CO 

Luzerne co 

Do 


Carbon CO 

Do 

IJeavcr co 

Ikicks CO 

Eastoii 

Ber'.\ ick ('olumbia co 

L\.i'/.tinic CO 

Loliii)li CO 

Doni'gal CO Ireland 

Meaih CO do 

Cork do 

Fort Minden ]-russia 

londoaderry Ireland 

••

540 -•Li! .(..l.;iiF.l{.S NAMES. 

Ki'oideiicL'—Muucli 'J)j>ii,i.. Place of Nativity. 

C;eurge Dink 

(ieorge KnickGiLcckor 

IJairea Germany 

Dutchess CO N Y 

Josiah 'vVliiio Eiskiiio 11: 

zard George FA. II Hriiik 

(the first >vhit(} niai; b; 

in i\iaucl. Ui,unk) 

iitavcr Meadow. 

Hopkin Thou at 

William Thoaui.^ 

f'apt A II VancLvc 

W B Wilson 

•lolin Vogle 

Abraham Cool 1' M 

AbralKun T iliiiil.M-I. 

George II 1 Jon^lu r;)- ji 

Samuel M Wilson 

li M Stanbuiy iM D 

N K Penrose 

Jacob Horn 

Samuel S Si ulan 

Henry Hoovci 

Jonari lleliz (L'n^niic(i) 

.1 \i Freining 

.lolm Smith sr 

.John .lohnson 

John Martin 

John Eynon 

Thomas 15 Danieks 

Kvan rhiUipd 

Jonah Rees 

Jeidtins Reynolds 

Rees Leyson 

AVm Thorn r.s 

Thorn ad 1 Jo in I 

Stephen Smilli 

Torrance Urady 

Michael llrady 

John licayli.^ 

I'atrick M HuiiL 

(:.|in Llewellyn 

^\'ni W'alkins

SUUSCK

542 UBS^'tJIiEUS NAMES, 

KcriiJourc— ikavor M.. 

^V'm McCiiriocli 

Alexander Mcaa 

Abraham -Sk'.;l(ou 

Will Skcltdii 

Capt Wni li .McK.: 

John TcjUoa 

J:imc3 Long 

James Vaughim 

Huzliitoji. 

iâtiick IJeily 

]'atriL-k lliLînii::: 

Michael (iar.it 

AV A Slubl;ii V Si 

'I'hoiiias VVaiiilii: 

I.aiuiing lU.H'kwL'h 

John Slueck 

JohnCharhî 

John ^y West 

'I'homas Vogle 

Abraham Joms 

T Evans (iMachiiuM 

James Janu:-. (Iîlmi 

Levi .loncti 

Jabez IMiillijyci 

liCwis Lewis 

-.John Roberts 

Thomas Jou( :- 

Owen Gorman (i\l;u: 

James Patterson 

Samuel CJordon 

James Hunter 

Robert Boston 

Robert Wray 

A Kelchan^ 

AVm Fraeo 

Adam Winiers 

Henry FiM.ioy 

Adam Slave (Engini; 

Peter K Snyder 

Geori>o Ihown 

John W liayior 


Limerickshire Scotland 

Douglas Renfrews'r do 

Stall ordshire l']ngland 

J)o do 

Piiiladulphia 

Quaker Valley Carbon co 

Manch Chunk 

]Monm»uthsljire S Wales 

West Maid co Ireland 

f iundonderry eo do 

Mayo CO

SUKSCKlIii;!'.'- NiMES. 5

544 SUIiiCKlllEKS NAMES. 

Residence—Sumroit 11 ill. 

Jolin VVinlersieeii 

Rev AG Hariied 

Charles Smith 

Wni Fleitiin.g 

Uk'h-.v'] Lecnaid 

Hugh Tohm 

Henry McGiiilcy 

Maiihtnv Doiighfi-iy 

Wai l\y,m 

Tatrick llym 

J:iine< llanuhou 

Wm Mdlu^M 

Rdward Brislin 

Tiinotliy iMcOinty 

i']d\vai(l Kelly 

James Sleel 

Robert Dunlap 

Martin Adaiii:^ 

Wm Fargey 

Benjamin M;u[)hy 

Palricic Ripp 

Lesley Delvin 

Joseph Walka 

John (Jage 

John Speiico 

Robert McCook 

John Clark 

Tlioinas Allen 

Michael Brady 

liCvi Smith 

Nosqiiehoiiing. 

Henry Meyers (Teacli jr) 

AV'm J Harlan 

D L Obitz 

Samuel Kaîig 

Francis S waltz 

Wm Bri-o-3 

Mich.ael \Villicim 

Holden Chester 

Georue Zcigenfiis 

Ml.asllcnry 


Sussex CO N J 

I'hihidelphia 

New York 

(-iueens county IrelamI 

Cavan co do 

Donegal co do 

Do do 

liOiuionderry co do 

Kilkenny co do 

Do do 

Donegal co do 

Do do 

Do do 

Do do 

Do do 

Antrim co do 

Do do 

Do do 

Tyrone co do 

Dumbo CO do 

iMayo CO do 

Lond nderry co do 

!)o do 

Do do 

Do do 

Do do 

Do do 

Do do 

Do do 


Broome co N Y 

Susquehanna co 


(Carbon co 

Bucks CO 

('oluml)ia co 

Northampton CO 

(Uunbeiland co 

Bucks CO 

Soiiuylkill CO

Kesidcncc— Nt'sijiu;!u)iiii 

Jacob Y eager 

John Lewis 

Dennis McElear 

Thomas Karr 

Andey I\lcCabe 

Edward McDonald 

Patrick Cassady 

Andrew Hand 

Francis S\veeny 

James IMcCabe 

Daniel Fic>iier 

Thomas McKinne;3 

(leorge Katclill" 

George iSherry 

Archer Hams 

Rees Price 

James Codington 

^Vm Pradwell 

Tlionnis Miller 

Zarrohabel 'I'lionuib 

Samuel Maisden 

John AVarwick 

Geo Pari m ley 

James Lewis 

John Harris 

David Mathews 

James ]jle welly ii 

Thomas Pruthro 

Herbert Lewis 

Leyshon 'I'homas 

Thomas iMiilip 

Thomas Palmer 

Owen (Jarraghan 

Michael McDonald 

Philip Dolan 

fjiike Farley 

Patrick ]''jiz^;a 

Hugh Keily 

Robiat PnMiL' 

Terenre I)-.lar 

r;ur;.l \i,:Lai 

SUTISCliniEUS NAMEJ5. 51.' 

rick 

All. 

I'iace of Nativity. 

Lchigli CO 

Primrose Hill Schuylkill co 

Londonderry Ireland 

J.oiith CO do 

Cavan co do 

Do do 

Do do 

Do do 

r>jnegal co do 

Moiiaghan co do 

D'liicgal CO do 

»S*.orlingshire Scotland 

Nollinghamshire Eng 

^JllS,;iL'X CO N J 

Warren co do 

Mimmouthshirc S Wales 

Do 

Didham CO England 

Eng 

.Shcllleld, Yorkshire do 

Rlonnioulhshire do 

D.rby.shue do 

AY'i'slmoreland co do 

JXaham co 

do 

Prccknockshire S Wales 

Mcmnouthshire do 

(Jh'morganshire do 

('armarthenshire do 

I\Ioiimouthshire do 

Do do 

( Welsh Bard) 


Sojuersetshirc Eng 

Cavan CO Ireland 

iJo 

do 

1 (.» 

do 

Do do 

] )o 

do 

Lô do 

[h> do 

Do do 

I uiL.'iurd cc- do

54G :ii;!!lJKb NAME.- 

Resideijci;— JNt--n.|ii(i.u.u;,t,. i'Jaco of Nativity. 

James McGco Dotiegul co IreluntJ 

Cortieliu;: Mcighoii Do do 

Michael O'Hanen I-omloiulerry co do 

Francis Dtrmot Alotiagliati co do 

John IIuiiips Doiieoal co do 

James (Hark 

John Kobb 

Loitih co 

Donegal co 

do 

do 

John iMalone Tyrone co do 

Kobeit McCtiliistur Antrim co do 

Mrs Elizabeth Abbî I)eil)y6tiire England 

Robci-t Eddi',' K'anfrewshire Scotland 

.Samuel Souihall 

Wm Horn 

John McDeiiuili 

llichard M ]I;ici

Uiis;..R)i!i:«-.' NAMKs, .547 

Residence—Mjihniiing A'allcy. I'lacr. of Nativity. 

Alex II C Uuyv.v (Tearliei) Niaio of Delaware 

John I)(;rr l.cliigh co 

Daniel Ilontz Do 

Jno Horn lv-;q Do 

Joslnia Haupt Do 

Wm Kenimovcr CaiI)on oo 

I.ewis Ilauly |)(3 

Geo Kemnercr l)o 

A Klotz Do 

Daniel J Yost «rfiaylkill co 

Sepieiniia Hough Hn.;ks co 

East Penn Toull^,lilî, j\r'..^.ill... 

Jacob Diiikey Es(j Nfiilhain|)toii co 

Kev E Aiigusl Hanoi- Way hach Gcainaiiy 

Chas Dinkey I* M C.ihou co 

is MJSCKlUEnS' NAMES. 

Kesidcncc 

— 

Mlu^ Iron 

Sam I B Finch Esq 

God fley Laury 

Daiil Kemmercr 

M Scyfert 

John B.oyr r 

Jamco Wilson 

A(h\m Shoeiriakcr 

Andrew Beriiliard 

Nathiui Vanliorii 

Thomas Jenkins 

M Gangewarc 

Jacob McFano 

Jesse Ganij;c\vLirc 

J E Vanhorn 

(Jbed McM-Ji-tnc 

Amhur Nmilh. 

Michael Canol 

Conrad Ilcin.stir 

(lil'lou, 

Wni Evans 

l'hili[) Wallers 

Jo.shua I) Kvaiw 

John Tliomad 

George Km;, 

Jonathan Sioilh 

Jas Lomison jr 

(Jeo \V Slac-klioubC 

Joahua lleil 

Wm Guiu 

Hugh Goiiinghani 

Dennis Garioll 

TiiHOthy Duckerar) 

Daniel Shivlcr 

SoloHiop W - .h(i 

rianiiiel livins 

Edward Herb :u-t 

David V[u\\[>H 

.Tonalt'.au Jom 

'ames .Teiik;a; 

Place of Nativity, 

Cnmberland co 


Monroe co 

U(3rks CO 

Noitbanipton co 

Tyrone i-o Irelaiul 

Monroe co

Residence— 1' 

Jesse 1) Coitrij^lit 

Amos IMcNcal 

Aiulrew INL'Neal 

Joseph Aiulcisoit 

PelerMc^fasier 

Wr;.the,ly. 

Amos Dodioii Eoij 

looter Wiidonncr 

Steplicu Iscons 

Ceorgo Sialir 

Peter Kerick jr 

8olomoii Nangcsser 

Jjafayette Shuiloci. 

liice Tliomas 

T Williams (Mu 

Sugar Loaf MiiU;, 

Robort Ilutchisou 

Thomas Weir 

Robert Johnson 

liobert ("ainiibcll 

(ieorge Campbell 

Isaac iSinith 

John English 

Philip Morgan 

James Coimel 

Asahel Sliipman 

Peter R Diekerson 

Charles Neyer 

Allen Vanhorn 

J (xombar (E Sugar Loaf) 

Huntingdon Town 

John Shevely 

II M Schwenk 

Ceo Bowman 

Vieivious Dodsou 

ISathan Sales 

E J Earls 

Silas Dodbon Ebtj 

W;n Tyermuh 

n'liSCUlKLUS NAMES 54

5jO Si'li:

72^^

Hfckman 

B I "n D E R Y, IN C. 

Bound-1b-Plcase* 

DEC 03 

N. MANCHESTER, INDIANA 46962

History of Northampton, Lehigh, Monroe, Carbon, and Schuylkill ...

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