R & A No. 3113.7 / Principal Nazi Organizations Involved in the ...

OFFICE 0? STRATEGIC SERVICES 

Besoaroh and iualysis Branoh 

R & A V.o> 5113*7 

© 

PSIXGIPAL BaZX ORQANIZaTIOHS XNVOI.V.SD IN THE COMMISSION OF HAH CKUffiS 

UE NJ.ZI Bft.K?T 

(Fas-t IV) 

Draft for the ÜB» o:*' the War Ccisamo Staff 

Qwixsg to the urgency of forwardiiig this nsatarial abroads tte finished 

draft haa received only a cursor;-?* graof-»reading. For th© errors *hioh 

-#ill inevitably stud th® text, otir apologies. 

10 Septraaber 1945 

Copy Ho. _ J 5 2 SSCRST

THE NAZÄ PARTY SECRET 

IV« THE "FORMATIONS" OP THE NSDAP 

TABLE OP CONTENTS 

Paga 

Introduction 1 

A, The SS (Schutzstaffeln) 3 

1* DeflnTHon 3 

2„ Historical background 5 

a. Review: Rise of the :>S to a Ruli:;ig Group 5 

b. Early History 6 

c. Period of Infiltration 6 

d. The SS in Power 8 

e. Expansion of Organization 10 

f. Numerical Growth 11 

3« Purpose and Functions o:* the SS 12 

a. Protection of the Führer 13 

b. Security of the Reich 15 

i. Racism as the Foundation of Internal Security 

(prerequisite for Terror) 16 

(1) Interdependence of Security of Race 

and Security of the Reich 16 

{2} Race and Henbership- 17 

(3) Race and Ideology 19 

(4) Legal Implications 21 

(5) Principal Agencies 22 

ii. The Maintenance OJ % Internal Security (The 

Use of Terror) 23 

c. The Maintenance of External Security.(Safaguarding 

the New Ordor) 25 

1» Subjugation and EMmnation of Native, :..e. 

lion-German populations in Occupied Area;; 27 

11« 3€>rmaniz&tion cf Ocnouered Territories 30 

ill. Economic Exploitation of Occupied Territories 33 

iv. Principal Agenden 35 

d« Post-war Activities 36 

4» The Component Parts of ^;he SS 57 

a. The Allgemeine SS 38 

1. Composition 38 

Ü. Strength 39 

ill, 'Auic t ions 39 

iv. Constituents 40 

v, /ienks 41 

vi. functional Command 42 

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vli. Regional Organization 

(1) Oherabschnitt 43 

(a) The Higher SS and Pclice Leader(HSSPf) 44 

(2) Other Sub-divisions 52 

(3) Special Units 53 

(a) SS Postal, Railway, and Radio Guards 53 

(b) Other Units 54 

b«, The Sicherheitsdienst (SD-Security Service) 56 

1. Relationship Betwsen SD, Slpc, and S3 56 

ii. Origin and History of the SD 59 

iiio Purpose and Functions of the SD 63 

(1) General Functions 63 

(a) intelligence (domestic) 63 

(b) Intelligence (foreign) 67 

(2) Special Functions and Specific Targets 72 

(a) Combatting Internal Opponents 72 

(b) Elimination of Eneniec Abroad 74 

(c) Fight Against Partisans 76 

(d) Liquidation of Allied Commando«, 

Parachutista, and Fliera 78 

(e) Maltreatment of Prisoners of V/ar 61 

(f) Post-War Underground Activities 82 

3.Vo Functional Commard 03 

v» Regional Organize tic n 83 

II) The Commander (Inspector) of Sipo and SD 83 

(2) Regioral Sub-divisions 08 

(a) Inside Germany 88 

(b) Outside Germany 91 

(c) Special Urits 92 

c. Tho V/affen-SS 93 

i. Definition 93 

11, Origin and Growtr 93 

111. Furpose and Functions 96 

iv. Organization 1C1 

v. Criminal Activitye* 107 

d. Tho SS-Totenkopfvert ä.ice 108 

1. Definition 108 

ii. Origin 109 

lil» Purpose and Functions 110 

Iv. Organization 111 

The Roichsführung-SS: LS Hauptamtes 112 

a. Hauptamt Persönlicher i.tab des RFSS 114 

b. SS Lauptarnt 121 

c. SS Führung shaup tarnt 12& 

d. Re ichs Sicherheit shaup ttmt 134 

e. SS Fasse und Siedlungsliauptaiit 148 

x. SS Wirtschaft- und Vomvaltungs-Hauptamt 156 

g. SS Personalhauptamt 168 

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ill SECRET 

Page 

h« Hauptamt SS Gericht "ITS 

i, Hauptamt Ordnungspolizei 176 

j„ Dienstelle SS-Obergruppenführer Helssneyer 180 

k» Stabshauptamt des Reitshskomnissars für die 

Festigung deutschen Volkstums 182 

1. SS Hauptamt Volksdeutsche Mittelstelle 184 

B. The SA 188 

1« Origin and Development 188 

2* Membership and Strength 193 

3, Chief Functions and Activities 194 

a, 1921-1934 195 

b0 1934-1939 197 

C. 1939-1944 199 

4„ Organization 200 

G. The Hitler Jugend 202 

1« Definition 202 

2„ Legal Basis 202 

3o History 203 

4a Functions 204 

5* Structure 205 

6o Structure of the Reichs Jugendführung 206 

7« Organization of the Hitler Yovth 210 

8, Hitler Youth Activitias 211 

9„ Activities Bearing Direct Relations to 

War Crimes 217 

10, Divisions of Hitler Ysuth Guilty of War Crimes 251 

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' Introduction; 

THE NATIOIIAL SC .T'x (NSDAP) 

PART IV TUE "FORTJVI IONS'' OF THE NSDAP 

The National Socialist Party "formations" were organizations 

which, although not actually within the Party proper, were an inte 

gral and important part of the Nazi movement. Membership in a foma- 

tion,. however, did not necessarily imply membership In the Party

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a selected group, exorcised control over the petitsche^s Frauenwerk9 

the mass organization tor German women» The NSI) Dozentenbund and 

NSP Studontoribund, composed of Party members, were responsible 

for educating university teachers end students in the National 

Socialist ideology* The HS Kraftuhr|Korps, originally a part of 

the SA, took charge of pre-xallitary and post-miliogry tra nlng for 

the motorized and mechanized unit;; of the Army, and acted as one of 

the chief transport and supply agencies of the Army, Navy, and Air 

Force, (In addition, the NSKK gradually assumed certain "terror" 

functions). 

Leaderaliip of the formations varied. In the case of the SAS 

Hitler himself was the Supreme Commander, although the orgai ization 

was actually run by '.Vilhbra Schaprunn, Chief of Staff, who was res 

ponsible to the Führer. The SS was autonomous: its director van 

the Re Ichsfuhrer SSS Heinrich Himmler, The NSKK, headed by Erwin 

Kraus, was likewise ar>. Independent formation* . The HJ was adminis» 

tered by the Re Ichs ,1ugendführung (Reich Youth Dirsctorat), headed 

by Artur Axraann» The NS Prauenschaf t was directed by the Frauen- 

fuhrerin Gertrud Ccholtz-Klinck* The'NSD Dozentenbund and tTSD 

Studentenbund were directed respectively by the Reichsdozenteii- 

führer and the Relchsstudentonfuliêr (Dr. Gustav-Adolf Scheel), 

Only those forr.ations which are deemed to have borne the 

greatest degree of responsibility in connection va th the perpetration 

of war crimes are discussed here* 

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The SS (Schutzstaffeln) 

lo Definition 

Among the Ilasi organizations charged with the acûaL commission 

of atrocitJ.es, the SS ranks supreme«, In officii, statements, 

including; the Declaration of Potudam, and in individual reports 

on Nazi crimes, reforonce is mad«, alternatively or collectively 

to the SS, SD, and Gestapo as the perpetrators of various atroc 

ities. The differentiation in most cases appears to be arbitrary 

and based on the assumption that, in speaking of RS-, SD, and 

Gestapo, one is confronted with three different agencies which, 

although similar in oypa of activity, are each independent and 

self-sufficient from s.n organisational point of view» 

Actually both SD and Gestapo were organizations which functioned 

under the command of the ßai£ii;^teox_^S-_(Reich leader of the SS), 

A. 

Heinrich Hlmaler., who» simultaneously, waspief der Deutschen 

Polizei (Chief of the German Folic©)» They were simply org&iized 

in separate offices, .lamely III, IV, and VI, of the Reichs sicher-» 

heltshauptgat (Reich Security ,.&in Office)* The He Ichs si eher« 

heltahauptarat, in euro, was a so-called Hauptamt (Ilain-Office) 

'within the Reichs :fuhrung SS (Sa])remo Command of the SS) end, 

at the s.lne time, part of the ;':-nistry of the Interior, immedia 

tely subordinate to the Chef de:-- acherheitspollaei(Slpo)und des 

•Sicherheitsdienstes(SD) (Chief of the Security Police and Security 

Service), Ernst Kal t enbrunner, and ultimately subordinate to the 

Reichsfuhrer SS und Chef der Peitschen Polizei (Reich Leader of 

the SS and Chief of the German Police), Hokirich Himmler0 

»

There was, however, one significant difference between the SD 

and the Gestapo in their relationship to the SS. The SD stemmed 

functioufcJLly fron the SS; It was, in fact, the intelligence 

service of the national Socia 1.1st Party even prior to tho seizure 

of power and was composed exclusively of metibei's of tlie SS«, The 

Gestapo., by contrast, was instituted and continued to function 

as a government agency and drew, for staffing purposes, on offi 

cials of the old Sicherheitspolizei (Security police),» Members 

n 

of the Gestapo were required to possess "S3»Fahigke11 n 8 loö„, . 

the racial, physical, and political qualities prerequisite to 

membership in the S3; however, they did not need actually to 

join the S3C 

In other words» crimes commit it d by members of the S3 did not 

necessarily fall under the jurTsöüctlon of either the SD or. the 

Gestapo; while crimes committed by members of the Gestapo;, thouch 

not always executed by individi al members of the SS, were by 

origin and implications always attributable to SS commands on 

the top regional and/or locel levelso 

lu For details on the criminal responsibility of the Gestapo 

see 'Principal Nazi Organizations involved in the Commission 

of ;far Crimes: the Gestapo", R&A Report No,, 3113*6

Hiatorioal Background 

-5« 

ÜS22S 

a. Reyiej: Rise of the Ss to a *&,,lin£ Group. In the i;wenty-fcwo years 

of ita existanoo the SS grev from a more Stabswaohe (HQ, Guarrt) for the proteo- 

* 

tion of Hitler to the most poT?erful organization within the föaxi system. 

{Fithin the Party structure the SS was a eo-called Qî?^«rung (formation) 

of the Party, equal ir. status to the 8k, tha HJ (Hitler Youth), the JJ5XK 

(national Socialist Motor Corps), etc» Actually, the SS, in 1944«19453 had 

become not only r. state within the state«, but a Party superior to the Kaci 

Party, tiie Oovernment, and the Armed Forms. As a super-Hnsi party, the SS 

curried the ideology of the Party» specifically the racial principle, to 

extremes? as a super-stato? the SS had w legal and moral coda of its own, an 

executive apparatus of its own, and a judiciary of its own? is a super-ar?cys 

the SS had ita own ailitsary »Äi-hine which, even at an aivancod stage of the 

war, could still boast of having the oroaa of the Mazi youtli within ita roakc» 

Its privileged status was in harmony with Himmler*s definition of the SS as 

a "Hational Socialist, soldierly Order >f Rordio men and as a pledged oannjuni-i^' 

of its clana" ("ein nfctio:-aalfio/.ialist:'.s-shor, soldatischer Orien nordisch 

1 

boBtinaator Tfe-rmor und als eine geaohwor?n.a Genroinaehaft ihrer Sippen"), i,»e.w 

a new aristocracy dedioatad to the defeisa of Teutonic pagan "em and Prusslar 

author!tarianitan with an ample sprinkliog of anti-bourgeois prejudices* 

However, the excluaivoness of the SS, while maintained in principle, 

was modified in /iew of ths growing tendency to expand and to infiltrate into 

the official ruling groups o£ the reg:jii3r high bureaucracy, supreme command 

of the Armed Forces* and industry. To back up their political demands with 

1. " Heinrich Hiaailer, in Dia Sohutzataffel als antlVolaohowistische 

Kampforgani •ation A' Zentral ver lag der JlfenaP, T&ftV"" SECHST

-6- 

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figures indioa" ive of numerical strength, the SS ovon lowered some of their 

niÄ'iabers'aip standards and, *i thin the Ttoffen SS, deviated frcm the principle 

of voluntary a.'.iegionce one. introduced compulsory drafting. 

b„ Sarly^Hiatory. Ehe ârly histcr^ of the SS faithfully roflecta 

(.lerne in the life of the 'fifes:} :?arty. The SS hac ita origin in 

the .StRb3w&6h8 of the SA, i'ourded in Jaroh, 1923, but soon trnnaformed in the 

St-osstru.jp^Ütler (Hitlor Assault Troop), under the command of Joseph Berehtold.-, 

folios?:'. ibortive putsch in Hcnrestiber 1925, the Stoasteupj? llltXer was 

laolved. Xn 192b;, after tie reeumptior. of political activities by the Pa.-r-ty* 

the Fuhrar oi*d

of these agenoiea by Hiandtr and the SS. ELraaler's appointment aa Chef dor 

Deutschen Polisei (Chief of the Görnan Police), in 1936., created« according 

2 

to serai-official interpretation, not merely a union in the person of iiio 

officeholder ( r Fsraonalunit n' 1 ) tut a permanent association ("dauernde Verbindung") 

between the police und the SS. In 1939 FiüEiler was mad® Reiohakonsaiasar für 

•IIIWIÎIIH- ••••» — »—«—m » giwi PIU ii • i 

die Festigung aes deutschen Volkstum« (Reioh Coiaraisaionsr for Garaur-n Folkdom) 

»h led to tho establishment of unothei' Heuptsjmt (SJain Office)^ the Stab«'-- 

,:it dea RoichBkffaaanisfltjra fftr die Fe^t-'.{;uug des deutschen Volkstum» (Staff 

of the Reich Gossni8B:.onor for the Consolidation of German folkdom)» In 

August 19^3 Himler became Minister of the Interior and* at tiie same tine, 

Reich CoHHiiei'iorer for Administration in the Ministerial Council for the Defense 

of the Reich, positions relinquished by Wilhelm Frick» fh3 S3 thus gained 

control of the heart of the or.tire Gerran aurecuoracy» 

E&rly in 1944, finally, the SS «torbed to make their dscieivo inroads 

on tfaa Supreme Coian&nd of bhe Armed Forces and of the Aray« Oavisiono I, II„ 

and III of the Atraehr (the Espionage* încluding tho Sabotage ar,d Counter 

espionage functions of tho German military intelligence service) piased from 

the Supreme Ccaraand of the Armed Forcej 'C©0 to the juriediction of tha 

Mllitjlriaohea Amt (Military Office) withir the ReichsBicherlieitsherqptarat 

(Reic" Security Office} of the SS Sujreme Command« In «3u~y 1944, 

Himmler •was «tppointed Befehlshaber des Erfratzheerea (Cosraaanler in Chief of the 

Reolftcemant .&m?r) and Chef 6er Heerearoetvng (Chief of Militär?' Arasjnent),, 

1. ROBI. part I, p0 487. 

2. Worm? Beat., in Si© ûtashe Poliaeij 1940c 

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LEGRES 

Himmler UCEE diktely in-jtallec the ohief cf the SS Fffhrungshauptamt (SS 

Operat: nana Jüttner, as his dsp'rty, i\nä August Pr&jk, ohi.of of 

Amt IT Wirts (ihaitiimni.oiraehâKeu (Eoonon&c Enterprises) within the SS Wirtschaft»- 

und 7erwaltungaht.uptam;; (SS Lconomio and Administrative Main Cffioe) head of 

the Heoresyorwalyungsarat (Army Administration Off:ce). Furthermore, by dêree 

o.f the Fübxer3 the Eigner S3 and Polire Laader in Beigija eni Ncrthorn France, 

Jungolaus, ms appointed Chief of »21 Aimed Forces stationed in this area0 

Similar ©xrangeBiente wore made later in Slovakia and other pieces« Aftor 

1 October 1&443 Himmler a,ja med the res))c:H5ibility for all Bi affaire and 

appointed hie chief of tho SS Hauptamt (SS Con-sral Offiao)t Gottlieb Berger, 

chief of the PR system,. In addition, Hämraler wa reported to have assumed* 

at least temporarily, she c>mmand of two army g roups ir. the fiald» 

d„ SB in Power. Himmler 0 ,? rise to virtually tho Bumb^r Two position 

in the reg: .iju r ,t!jdP perhaps, only by that of ifertin Bormann — 

benefitted the S£> as a whole« The SS giadually spread its influence to all 

vital phases of public life., Eimmler's authority as J&uister of -ilia Interior 

and Chief of Police broadened the terroristic powers of the SS and, above all» 

conferred UJOÜ 3xtra=>2egal j&eaeurea of tho S£ £ semblance of lagality. SS 

pressure appafjrad well-nigh irresistible«, Cn the strength of its added powers, 

tho SS penetrated deap^r : ; nto the bureaucratic machinery, the Araed Forces 

Coj.jns.ndp and C*er&an econoty. With the help of resources oonquered abroad tho 

Si." even bosoms* IT entrepreneur in ibs crn right,. It grow to be a matter not 

only of political opportunism but of social distinction to join th© SS. 

Within the Part;/' Hierarchy, the followirg officials rsîlced high in th

and Ruberg; and within -'"Jia Government^ Gooring, .vjaiasiers» Ribbontrop,., 1 

» 

iJtuskart» and von ITeurath. JSoreover, the S3 saw to it that high f-oTOrnssent 

-9- 

positions tJBro filled by SS leadoroj for cxanplc ti , ohiof of th 

und VermltungBhauptamt (SS Economic end Adalniß'crafci'â Hai:a Office) was a 

stsrial Director in the mniirfciy of Interior; Juii of the Reich 

Inspectorate for Ifenpcrcror in th© 3£inif?try of Labors Baylor and Qhleadorff 

were key offioials in the BSinistry of Econoaiioss Greifelt in tfte Central Offioe 

Reich CosBaissioner for th® Consolidation of Co:onan Folktlair fjBraer, 

Sepplerj, and Bfelhbtir^ in the Offioo of '-"ha Four Tear .?laiij and Kahri as leader 

1 

leader an the Eoonojaics Qroup of the Textile Industry, 

Conversely,, the ,SS established a «/stem of political patronage for its 

oan purposes by eniiating the active rponsorship of loading oi-'olu» in "tib© 

field of barkings business, aiid industry» Foraons ?ho could not -tharusolvea 

beiioano members of rho OS but T *hc feared for their vös'jed interests aouid I 

•'protection agairet revolutionär: tendencies" by ohooaing to t^coiua sc 

^FSrder:jjdot Ifoffillotter" (Patron Mariberß)" Ueniberahip was obtained in return 

Cor a monthly contribution tc SS funds » the amount boing stagge:. 

to the income of the sponsor. Ail sponsors were organized in the "^â^yilrtoc'- 

rirg" (SS Economic F-ing). The SS 7^1r^^.Jiaftaring wns admini«tared by the SS 

Eocnomio and Administrative Main Office and also appears to have had a rep 

sentative on the Per-sonal Sâff of the Rolqhsfflhrer Sti* The socpe of this 

organization is vnlaoown» A captured ise^jberahip sard :nade out iz D« aerober 1835 

'ooro thrs number 612,101= Vfuether or not this flguro is indicative of th© 

TTTor' deteTjLs"~*nd additional naaas* of«. "The S3 Fifth Column", in SB 

Handbook E»D.S,/9/8? The All_êmejJie SS» 

" ' SECHE

al strength of che SS Wirts ehr.ftaring, little doubt 

that a substantia:. part of the Sidney which fineaced SS operations f 

this source. 

e. Expansion of Organization. the inroads uade by the SS ia ti© various 

or« of tlie Government, the Anced Faroes» high industry, high fiaa.aee.n and 

uni small bu.B: : .n»8s netted a considerable accrual of functicn;? ihich in turn 

,ed for tiie oroation of special ar-cilaery Ydthin She SS. 'fh© SS, iadeu&; 

ir nanc>* respujcta 

devaloTod a bureaucracy of its own widjh equalîds if not surêotJed^/ia accpa 

and ooaplexity, thai; of the Party cr Moreover, tha progressiv« 

acquisition of umr functions required a persaanctit i-crision RE «nisr.ation 

ha administrative apparatus, Xhie« fco no smell degree, accounts for the 

.«gated and cften contradictory information iv&llablo on t 

chain of cosînd, distribution o:.* ,responeib Llird-JJS , order 

Furtherxxro* the extended nature of duties to be performed by the staff 

SS rteoosri-tAted., after 1S33, a shift of part o£ the personnel frcsa a 

• tin» basis to a full-tia» employs»-ant* The result ww ev3rtu*\Jy the 

formation of special units within tha General S3, o./,.. the S3 7srfügungatruppen 

(£S Scooial Sertioe Trôns) which in.sl.aded the Leibs"Ändarte 3£ Adolf Hitler* 

^ 9 SS Standarte .. Jeutsohland, the US jStarffirt^ _2 3araaania, as-d later» after 

the occupation of Austria, the SS Stonierte 5 Eer FEhrer end the so-called 

Totonkopf VerbBr.de (Death 8 s Head Formtiens)« jfts latter were put in charge 

of the guarding of concentration oastps« 3S| Qbiargrupp-anfohror He.ua sur was 

appointed Inspector of the ^örfügun|,äjtni£p^,J 

Ia vlaw of the specific tasks assigned to the S£ (Security Service) 

i part of the SS was separated functionally froxa the Allgeac ine SS as early 

" SBC3ET

as 1931. Whea the association of the S3 with the Polio© began :.n 1936, the 

SO, although teoiuvleally still a part of the SS., rms integrated functionally 

into the SiPo (Soourity Police) and hie therefore x'?equentJ.y been considered 

as a apecial "branch" of tfie SS. 

The outbrualc of the war extended the security functions of the SS in 

occupied areas., Moreover it witnesses the full emergence of the VYt.ffen SS 

(Combat SS).. which was formed, originiliy, from part of the SS Vori ftgun/ratruppen 

and, later, througa recruitment of zwaubsxa of the AllgeBKiit^ SS (General SS)„ 

of ths Hitler Youth, and,, to a. considerable extent« of. so-called Yclkedeutsone 

(fiaoial Gemans) or youth from Ganaan-occupied and satellite eoimtrieso The 

employment of non-oitisens within the Waffen SS produced the eo called 

germanische 83 (Germanic SS), a oategiry which comprised three groupsi 

Germanic volunteers and units within 5b9 regular Wa.?fan SS^ the native Germanic 

SS in Flandors, Holland, and Norway, und Germanic workers inside Gtrmny 

organised in so-called Germanic Sturmaaane (battalions) staffed by German» 

Dutch«. and Flemioh SS mon and officer »* 

f. Btaaerica.l Growth. The multltuce of tiisks assigned to the SS 

resulted in an eno:mous increase of i;c membership. In 1925, the £8 consisted 

of 250 man organized in so-called "Ze.ui y staff ein" (Squads of Ten) scattered 

all over the country and set up only »t Party strengholdfl. When Himmler became 

Reichafuhrer SS, the total strength of the SS wao 280. By 1950, the SS had 40C 

professional guard* and 1500 part tim» volunteers. When the Party seised power 

in January 2933, t'xe SS was 52,000 st.-eog,, Fron 1933 to 1955, «.ccru&l of new 

members was considerably reduced by systematic weed:.ng out, resulting in an 

expulaion of a total of 60«000. But by 1935 SS membership had reached 210,000* 

SBCR3T

" ,i2 ** -KBT 

After trie outbreak of the war a large nunber of RS i&un were drafted into äio 

Armed Forces, If a report by Himmler Mm ^© believed, no less dion 175,000 

out of a total of 250,000 had joined the T/shrnaohb, no'jably the Amy» It 

appear« that the General SS never recovered from this \om. Re jont estimates 

name a total of 25,000 - 50,000 at the eisd of 1944„ exolu«:lve of police units. 

The creation of the Waffen SS not only 6'-topped the exodus, but resulted in a 

total matsbership which «con exceeded any previous figures« In IS 39, the Waffen 

SS seeoa to have included 40,000 nen. The Order of Battle of the German Amy, 

published in March 1946, lists altogether IS SS Corps», 31 SS Division and_3 

Brigades* some of ihioh appear to have boen di standee prior to the raporto 

After defeat, the total etrength of the \raffen SS, inoluding all ranks» was . 

given by Von Herffa Chiof of the SS Ma5n Personnel Of floe, as 1 230,300, The 

total for officers„ including those of tie Allgeretine 8S ftnd gjiffan SS, was 

estimated by him as 37,000s 1 

^° Purpose *nd Functions of tha SS 

According ta the official Party definition, "the protection of the 

.Führer is the original and the moat distinguished task of 'che SS» ("Dig 

ui'sprungliche und vornehmste Aufgabe der S^ ist es» für den Schttts dp£ Führers 

zu eorgeno w )2 This function was widened» by decree of the Fuhr or» to include 

the task "of securing the Reioh internally" ("das Reich im Ianern au plonerno w > »* 

Subsequent to the outbreak of the war and the occupation of eneiy. aäutrale and 

satellite territories« the security function of the 88 was e;spandf3dc To secure 

the Reioh now implied to seouro the hold on those territories and populations 

lc Interrogation of Maximilian von Herfi ' O.S.D.I,C, (U.K.) G.R.0.0. 317 (C) 

on file with 03S, XL-11928, 

2c Organisationsb xah. der NSDAP« 1943,., p* 417« 

3, Ibid.' 

SECHST

"13- 

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which through rdlitary conquest had earns under German domination, Final ly* 

if recent iafonnation recaivud on poat-sar subversiv© organice.tiona (e»g„, 

the Werewolf, Aktion Bundschuh,, etc) can be considered reliable, ;lt is first 

and foremost the SS which hau been entrusted with the task of organizing post" 

war resiata ice. in order to perpetuate 2«asi terror beyond military defeat« 

a« P:>otootion of the Fuarer In the wordG of a high SS officer and 

official interpreter of the purpose and functions of the SS« "the SS ££tijf 

a team of tie liest "~ i»e04 not xaerely the physically best tut also the meet 

reliables tie nost loyal» end finally, In terms of character« the most valuable 

— man from all pares cf the Movement. 1 ' Ihey wera selected so that they might 

meet first of ull the fundamental requirements of the formation, namely, "to 

proteot the beut possession of the Hovomcnt, the Führer himself«" In keeping 

with this bane**» it was Bicsalor's professed ambition to make the S3 "the 

Führer 8 s most êrso:oal elite Guard" fjtes Führers ureigenste, erlesene Garde" )o 

Historically apeakiig., the protection of the Führer waa the first 

assignment of tha SS, already performs« by the two predecessors of the £S, 

the Stabawa;he *ud the Sto£ strupp atticr (see above)0 In 192li the assignment 

mas BosjEfsfaai enlarg3d tteot.gii the iaolvsion of Party -speakers and leaders 

and finally of the ahole Hc^l äovertt&nt, us the charges of tie SSo Eventually,, 

the protection cf the Ptt>g*»r bacame the prerogative of specific formations 

within the SS, eog** the Leibetandarte Si' Molt Eitler under die command of 

Sepp Dietrich.. SS men predominated in the immediate entourage of Hitlero 

Among those regularly attending conferences at the Führer's Headquarters 

1» Gunter J Liquen, in Lie S£, Qesohichte, Aufgabe und Organisation der 

ScitutsSteffeln der BSP/fe« pubiichet: lipon the order of the belcJisfubrev' 3S, 

Berlin-, JuS:er und Dtinrihaupt Vorlag,* 1959 „ 

SECRET

•14- SEX'S? 

«ore S3 Qiruppenführor Fegelein, Lisino i Officer to Hixcalar; S3 BricpdofOhrer 

Rattenhuber, Comirsjider of Hitler* a SS ejcort unit and head of tha Reichs-» 

8ichorhelteko;anai-do (aeo below); SS S'-u^öeBnf^.re£ Eienaobe aic 3S J&uptsturm° 

fü-^xer gorBton,'toTh Adjutants to Hit?.©-; e.nd SSJE^tJiiarterführer Zander, 

repreaentative of iie Barty Chancellery. Aooording to resent intelligence 

Hitler is said tc have been strongly tinier the influoSBo of Fe ^t loin and 

Rattenhuber regarding 3-ivrategioal ard political dec ".aions. , 

Jowever, ihn actual protection o? the Führer aid leading T?*zi per30tsali- 

ties appears to la-re been aaeigned to e>eo±ally forriei urita of professional 

security agenta, c/uaely the Reichasiohorheitadicnct (ÎSD - Rei£ Soourity Service*) 

and the Schutz die rmt (Protective Sorrieo). Haiti.«:.- the RED r:>z fta Schutadierat. 

were regular parte of the SS, although ihey must be presumed to have been both 

directed and staffed by SS offloors. ?h» RSÖ had apron,; fr«a So Fuhroraohutz.- 

'«cosca&nda (Führer P-oteciion Coani&nd) ->/hich vaa crea-iei in 1935 \y crder of 

Hixsaler, then Pojiue Gamander in Siunlch* 

The RSD, *. ao-ca.'.led n Selbetandi ;e Pcliseitelxordq" (indêJicant Police 

authority, «as dhargsd Trith the unmittelbare Bchuta (imaediate, 1»««, personal 

protection) of the F'Jhror as well, at rudh leading Rial pereonag

05- 

SECRET 

bodyguards to ite 'mriaus charges, tu'; it did not conduct investigations of 

its otsn except for preliminary checks Instead it reported it 3 Observations 

and findings to tho Sohutgdienst. Personnel of tho SD *as recruited fron 

the KriPo (Crinir&l Police), but sano Apparently -wsre drafted 'rar, ths Gestapo 

and others from tho Ytefi/en SS. In geiifi.ral, RSD men ware civilian clothes and 

oaly occasionally the uniform of tho FaCfonSS with UMB shoulder boards of the 

Police, 

Tho Sohutzdienst âs responsible for tho mittelbar« Schrats (indirect 

-1 - 1 -• 1 • - — 

protection) of the PChrur and leading Basi personalst Leo, i.e.., security 

checkups on places of permanent or temporary al>cie„ meetings* riaits, etc« 

^ 1

terror). 

-16- 

whenever they -iaake the least estenpt, either today or in 

1 

decadea or in oenturies to coma." 

i « BaoisEi us tha Foundation o:» .fotoraal Security (Preree.uifite for 

(1) Ii.tordepandonce of flecnrcty of race and seourity of the Roioh» 

Hiiaaler's definition of the Nazis» -task established the SS as tha organisation 

predectined by record and purpose to seoure the spoils of po2iti3tl conquest end 

to maintain tha Naii Party in power. Hcresover, according to Himmler* the ful 

fillment of this task resnalaed contingent on striot adhjrenoe to tha dinactirea 

issued by the Führer and bo the virtues taught peoaliarly to the £S. Tho first 

of these directives vs& inplied in the principle of "blood arsd Elite" (B'.Utt und 

Amloae) . Out of this principle grew the definition' of trie laissior of tha SS 

as being that of "a iSational Socialirrt eo.'.dierly order of Nordic aen and as a 

3 

pledged ocsmnunity of its clans. 

Security of tie Roich, thus,, oonir: aid two Junctions intercalated,, 

seemingly „ only in theory firsü, the organization of a political, force äqual to 

4 

tho task of policing Gersneny with unortö.:oü.o&c, or, in Eitleres owi soros, "even 

most brutal weapons," and,, aecoud, the po?.iuing itself. TJie establishment of 

lo Htaaler, ia Die gohutzstaffol, p. 29» "Wir wer

-17- 

an elite according to biologieal principles, however, had earns practice 

reasons behind :.t as Troll* 7.1th the Party entering ever mo:'e closely into 

an allianoo with the ruling groups, an organisation }iad to be ohoaera in 

which the main principles 0f the Uasi trystem, specifically -JIT» raoial onesy 

would not only be jealously guarded hut would bs carried to Bach extremes 

as to inspire or intinidat© the raet of the population. Furbiennora, in 

view of the unlimited. scope of Ileal aspirations, and in vievr of the un 

predictable nati re oi popular reaction;! with -*hich Nasi asp:jritians would 

meet,, the situation called for e»n organization in whioh there vouid be aasi 

expediency and total discretion on the part of the leaders, aid blind obedience 

on the part of the members.. 

SSQI 

It is this complete reliance on biological standards aid total indif 

ference toward all rules established by tradition, ethics, and law t&Jsäi 

explain the extra-legal and illegal nature of measures adopted by fche S£ 

in Ute course oi its operationsc t-aintenanc© of the security of the race, 

overtly an innocuous assignment irrelevant to the c oralis a io; )f ^nar crirea, 

evolves as a function indispensable for the ideologies! prepa:-eticn and 

organization of crimes committed as pai*t and parcel of the ovorêll task of 

securing the Reich against internal and. external opponents and of preserving 

the spoils o:? genauest* 

(2) lte.ee and Membership.» Security of the race vas guarex/tfjed^ first of 

all, through the racial quality of the memberB of the 3S themueivea. The 

1 

3S, according to official definition naa "a homogeneous fighting corps 

(Eampftruppe), firmly bound and autoolly pledged through cccmun ideology, 

'she fighters of -shioh are selected fiac. the best that Aryan rmkind has to

SEOHET 

r C" 6 ^ 15 becton arischem llenaohantua") . Membership, thus, was defined 

5JX strict adherence to Hitler*s statement pronounced in January 13St to the 

Yiohrrachtt 

"I «a a convinced supporter of tike idea that •what matters in the 

world ultimately is only good blood« .-.I lidve approached ny task 

from this angle. It means t:.iat actually the only gooi blood, ac- 

cording to our reading of hintory, is the Heading creative olorxent 

in every utate., and, in particular, the blood engaged in military 

activity

-19- 

Proof of racial quality, honevü-r, had to bo furnished nut csrely to 

attain membership in the. SS, but to meet an obligation implicit f» 

membership to repr

-TO- 

SSS2'. 

"the recognition of the value f blood and soil are easettial deter- 

mirante (richtungweisend) in the scleotion of the SS. lash SS nian 

must he deeply imbued (tief durchdrungen) with the meaning and 

character of tho national Socialiat Movement c : ' 

Other virtues dem&nded are "Will to Freedom couplec. jith Fighting Spirit (Frei- 

heit.TJTille und Kampfgeist), Loyalty wad Honor (Treue und Ehre), Obodienoa 

(Gehors&a), and Bravery (Tapferkeit)» The aggressiv.» and militant qualities 

entailed in these ccronandnenttj were needed to break lean the lest residues of 

moral or social resistance inhärent in a ay member which might have lest«, a 

serious impediment to the execution of S3 brutalities ordered by the higher 

eohelons* It in here that the deliberate departures from all principles of 

social conduct otlrar thai those of racD and biology .36a» to full ftmitioa. 

Nothing oan illuminate this bettor ttien 'liraaler'e definition of ''Obedience" as 

1 

one of the cardinal virtuos of the SSc Hirmler demanded as the fourth of the 

SS virtues 

"Obedience which springs fron highoet volition, from the aerv5.ee 

to the TJgltansohauung, rea

a yftiile, in his heart that ho ca.:rnot bring h:'jiu3elf to do it (''jrom 

Angriff geht, auoh wenn or elxcna). glauben sollte,, es in seinam Hsraon 

nicht jibemlndon zu können," 

The Party /Manual adds hcrei 

"It is for this reason that every SS tan ia willing to exeoute blindly 

any ordor originating with the F Ihrer or issued by cne cf hia superiors, 

1 

even if it demands the highest sacrifices•" 

(4) Legal Implio&tions. It should be noted that, in the version of the Party 

Manual3 the qualification tliat orders by s iperiors should be "rightfully" (resh-feaassig 

issued is Mssing. Una question arises vtfiather this qialifio&tion, present ia 

Himmler's owa statement, could be Construe.! as a permission for the Irdividual S3 

man to check the "legality" 1 ("Iteohtmasclgk.3it n ) of ord>ra, not of the Führer 

himself, but of any authority below Hitler, including linnler and high S6 officers» 

The choice of the term "rechtmässig" is significant» It recalls the pari 

lei expression in Article 113 of the Gerne I Legal Code. Article 113 permitted 

resistance against the authority of the state, if an official representing tha 

state did not act "In rightful administration of his office" (RecMasassige 

Ausübung seines Antes)« That is to say» in cases in which an individual HIS 

faced with an order or act by an offic'-al or oven by a superior officer, imich 

he did not consider rightful (rechtmässig)» he could resist, or, at least, refuse 

to obey, provided one or several of the fcllowirig conditions prev&iledt (a) 

the order did net originate with the proper authority; (b) the ordor was not 

addressed to the proper person; (o) the pzoper form was not emplcyodB or (d) 

the situation did not actually -warrant such an order, or the authority wldch 

1. Organlsationsbuoh der üSftAPf, 1945e po 418«, 

SECRET 

0

-22- 

SSQHBT 

had issued ths ordor had not used proper judgmsnt as required by the duties of 

his office. Arbid© 47 of the German Military Coc"e want a step beyond. It 

prohibited military obedience in caeeß in. Thich an order was knewn to be re=> 

lt.tod to an action which aimed at the •pszpetratici: of a crime or felony punish« 

ablo by civil or military law0 

It may be questionable whether IliimLer, in introducing the term "reckt- 

mass ig" 9 actually meant to set a limit to his own authority and to rocruite 

conditionally, civil or military disobe-ii irce on the part of the SS. Novarthe«» 

less.) the qualification is oonlainod oxplicitly in tha manual written by Hiacmlor'c 

ovn hand and intended tc lay down tho fundamental rulas for the conduot of the S£. * 

The cssiBsion of this phrase in the £aj"fcy Uenue.1 would seem to indicate that 

Hizsnlor, aware of -;h3 Implications of the term, meant to forestall any interpre 

tation detrimental to his authority a p>stericre 

m» v*.-. miwf M i • m i • i r m i 

(5) Principal Agencies s The prinsipel agencies^ entrusted with the task 

of administering m^tbers of racial polioy vi-thin the SS were the Eaaso und 

Si^-vagshauptamt (Main Race and Settlement) through its Ifessenaist (Office for 

Racial. Matters) s its Heiratsamt (Marriage Office), and the Verein Lebensborn 

(Fountain of Lifo Society), which was part of the Ifeii Office. In ue'dition, 

all offices charged »ith political indoctrination » e,g.a the Dierfftstjollo 

He is sawyer (Office Haissmayer)* the ^ Jfeuptamt (SS Central Office)!, through 

its .untBgruppe (Division) 0, the sS jornonalhauptamt (SS main Fertonnol Office) 

through Amt II of Amtsgruppe A (Office II cf Division A), which wf,s in charge of 

the SS Junkerschulen (SS Officer Training Schools) - played a vital part in tho 

maintenance of SS racial policy, Finsl'tyj, the Hauptamt SS Gericht (SS liain Legal 

Office), as the authority charged with enforcing SS dls-sipliLa in accordance witt 

the SS special code of conduct» must likewise 3hare the responsibility for the 

SSCRST

-23- 

• SBC , 

execution of rasaeur ja designed to sust4\ia the principle of racial purification 

and diecrininationc 

iio The ifointananoe of Intern .1 rerurity (The v.s@ of Terror)«, Official 

SS spoketarisn rationalized tho regime of tenor iasif-abed and maintained essenti* 

alj.y by -the SS as follows: 

"Subsaqient to tho foroal ;cue ins ion of : *3 revolution cf our 

Tteltanachauung aftor we ware ir. power ano! hence'bore :1a ex- 

olrsiv* arid unlimited responsibility for tie principal and 

ineiderta?. theses of the U5et, there began tho greater, 

althou?^", on the surfaoe less heroic phase of penetration 

1 

(Dnrch&t ingungV

The implication? of this policy were explained in >t, 

by Himmler in his speech before relxmacht officers in Bad S ;1 aohen on 

1 

14 October 1943 „ Essentially, it implied & eytiteaatic atto.aj i to elimi 

all political and ideological opjori"don, cot reroly active obstruction 

of the ?J&ai regime but a'.l intiivi diA.". or organised ?&.3ifestfttlonfl of 

thought, behavior, or apijearance dt treating from the norms and standards 

sot by the Kasi regime» The olimina ;ion of this opposition : 

gamut from social or professional i>S"raciü2k to physical ext3raination0 

The task was began with äho establishment of certain natural or artifi-:-. 

cntegoritjg of opposition sufficiently elastic to enable oharges to be 

brought against practica*.ly any lndividua} under a suitable label* 

H^mnler in hie speech enimerated the follomngs 

"All over th.» world •»« are up ageixst all the ideological 

enemies which National ü03S.alip.m and Germany hire ever 

bade In tha firrt ple.oo, I name the Jews.»0In tho second 

place 1 nama Preemas3rr;-QooThe soars applies to tho demo 

cracies, tho same nppliosxo plutocracyo r 3iey all hat© 

use- In add. tion to the&e enemies »bom I havo nttiisd, 

«Jewry» Fraenasonry, Bclehovisa, fiaaooracy* plu'iccracy, 

and whatever their varicus organisations may bo -sall^dj, 

I may well Eiention tne Churches tlabbl:? Ltios. 

Cae sector* the Rooter tent Church, is in lJngland -she 

established Church, In the other sector Catholicism has 

. its own far-reaching dreams of powar and its p..fas; and 

difpositions for puR^r».." 

*~TT~TJuoTed in Fewa Uige^t,, No. 13CG, 30 September 1944« Supplement»

•*25» 

SECHES 

During the w».r„ new categories of actual or potential opponents 

emerged« T ley vuore, first of all*. tho foroigr workers, who represent; 

& security oroblem of increasing importance. In October 1944, Himmler 

was charged uith the custody of all prisoners of war. The deterioration 

of conditio« in foreign labor and PW caape must» to a co&jiderabla 

extent,, bo attributed to the transfer of supervisory authority to HiKm'. 

and the S3. The organisation and the execution of measures taken against 

theise catugoriesoof oppositionists xi .1 be described below in connection 

the analysis of the Soourlty Sorrioo. (For further details,, referonoe 

is made to "She Gestapo,," KM. Report Io. 3113c. 6^) 

principal agencies sjeui'îcally in charge o.? the maintenc 

•jitermJ security within the SS w.*e the ReiahssioherheitBhftuptainfc 

(Re ty Main Office?)» the W.r techafts und Verwai ;ungahauptasfc 

.'Hein Bconcraio anu Aduiois^rative Office)« the- SS Hauptent (SS Central 

Off •auptaofc Ordnungspolisoi (tain 'Office for Order Police), all 

within the S;> Supreme Command, and the Höhere Hü und. Polaeifuhrer (Higher 

CS ard Polios Loaders) on lihe regio 3f.l le-Tel, as well as the regional or 

local offices subordinate to them, The Reichssicherheitahauptarat caKpriced 

che Siouerheitspoligei ( SiPo-=Socu?i iy Police) i.e., ths Geheime Stapffipoliaei 

,(Gestapo - Sacret Stabe Police) and the Krindnalpoiiaei (KriPo-Criminal 

Police)., and the Sichjz'aoitsdiongi (8D - Security Service). The V/irt^- 

schafts uaü Vereraltunge hauptamt wag in oharge of Concentration Camps, 'ihe 

US Haupteati (SS Centra], Office) aupe*vised suJi formations! as the SS 

Bahaachata ( ! 3S Railroac. Guard)j prresvanbly thj SS Funkschuts^ (BS Radio 

Service Guard), and the Hitler-Jugenc Streifendienst (Hitier Youth Raiding 

Service)0 Of the aforementioned constituents of the Rei d ts si cherhelfS/ 

SECRET

-,>6 - 

SECRET 

cnlLy the SieherheitBdianat (SL^raa, by purprso and rooordf t part of 

the SS and, although technically se-vorad from it and integrated with 

^ e Sicherheitspoligoi (siPo)f -jcatinued to bo regarded as >*rt of the 

AXlegemsina it (Coraral lis)« The Ortjungapoligsi and Siöi e"ho;'.t3politei, 

- .»e., Gehe In e Staatspolizei a;:» IrrJSiaalpcligai, by oontnet ware part 

of the Govar-airent and thn civil a 3iv:.c9 and will thore;?or< it ü be discussed 

in this report 0 

Other SS forca'cioj.8 assisting the police ii the mainteia» 

anoe of interral oeeurity were the SS 'êrksjKV.igci (SS Pl«.n; Polios)} 

the SS Indus trieE&imw elm f ten ( 5£ '. ru.usfcrial Sefcty Cr-raa'; the SS 

Kafensioherui£atrupoen ,SS Port Security Troops}; tfl SS B ?r Iscäratzmana- 

schalten (S3 Security C -ews on Board ihips;; the IS und io.isoi '7erkehrE~ 

dionat» «Bä(the SS and Police Trefft«! Service)e 

o. The Maintenance cf E::t3rnal Security ( >af t g is rding the 

"Now Order")» "he oonquost of fertig territories, afjer tit outbreak 

of the mr, bestowed new duties/ ihu 3S» '*he S£ beoaiie thj protector 

en l guarantor of the "He/ ^rder\ Tj.e objeutiTei of the "Kw Jrdor" were, 

above all, tire? lo military secasiy and 2 Pan-Kasiaa« Tit ?irst, 

military security» was outlined by H-mler eva iollpw3J 

"For us the end of this w\.r will moan an open o\< tc the 

Bast, the oroation si tha G0raa5iic Rnioh in this way or 

that», «the fetching lorio of 30 ;iil3.ion human beings of 

oix blood, so that even diiring our lifetime wo shall be 

the sole and deci;jiv« ;jo.TCr in Europe. That means that 

we 3ha?.l then be ablr ;o "tackle th«> peace, during which 

wu shall be billing for tfre first £0 /oars to rebuild 

S BGtET

-27- 

iand spread out our rillagoB and towns, and t .11 

push the borders of our "Folkdom* 500 loa. further out to 

the East,. 

"And that moans»,,that we then want to have £. i< f naive 

frontier (Wehregronse) in the TCaet -^shich id 11 be constantly 

mobile, wh:loh will keep u8 eternally young, *? d froro liiich 

•tie shall gradually be »ble to grope forward Cyo T 2'^ li: i22? 

so that our grandchildren and gre-.vt -grandchi It r enwill 

have a military security belt such as will l>3 c srential 

in any modern war. o? the future if >re> tire nob to be 

iunashad to pieces b;* our eneraias* bombt;:," 

The seconds ?an»Naaiem, was part of the 8S ££*>£? ai,d waf! to.71wlc.ted 

follows s 

"We, ar, men, be?.ieve that -Re, in the wider plaj ."ovidence, 

have the historical task of reuniting the Qenranio peoples 

2 

find of erecting the Roioh &a t.ie ihiropear Bi* Power« n 

ICn pursuance of these two objectives, the SS es aimed rsopon

-28- 

thoae in TTost. But within Poland; for instcnce, differentiation in 

treatment vm.3i€>gp.lizQd tlirough the introduce ion cf the ao-cu) 

"Deutsche Volkslipta" which perMbtod distinctions according fco the 

degree of raoial or political affinity TriLth Gürsany« Tfot?-o.'Lf of 

treatment "sraried frora social and political dlscrimi,nation, ;crrori*ation, 

compulsory e/acuation, and Slav»? lebcr, to actual ©jütenair a ;i >ru 

waea particulariy*> in the area of extermination that the SS chewed un«> 

prtcedeated brutality not only in the thoroughnaBB^f its pplioies but 

in the choica of its methods. '.Siare is no question that the *holac2.1e 

execution of political prisoners» Core* and native populations was not 

the whim o:.* Individual SS command ax a but 'was carefully prepared aaa guided 

1 

at the top levelo While the suppression of political resiB-;ea

— 111. HI — «PIW 

Onc the basis uf civil equality had bnjen eliminawd, it mi 

possible to impose auoh conaitions %s appeared warranted by political 

or military ortoedienoy alone, Himmler himself suggested son» ci' • : 

standards of treatment, or which the following may serve as e^rmplc 

(1) Regarding political status i 

"I want to state, that we must be greatly ormierned 

not to unite tiio people of the East;, but t dissoot 

the», into as tinrnj parts and splinters as possible. 

Also within the ethnic groxps it iß not our ondoavor 

to ;ervd to unrcy oat?, to greatnaes, perhaps even to 

instill national consoiousneius into them, ur>d a 

national culture, T'e must diasolve them into in- 

Dxiaterable email fragments rnd atoms. A grouping 

toward iJae top will not be tolaratoci, Only by dis 

solving this whole »tew or people in the Government 

Generali numbering fione 15 million inhabitants, and 

likewise the 8 million of the Bantam prcv.uoes, 

will we succeed in carrying through racial selection, 

which must remain tlie'foundation of our plai i. Tie 

will sift the racially valuable elements o'it of rhia 

stew and lend then to Germany, thoro to c ai int.late 

1 

them." 

(2) Regarding deportation of foreign offspring: 

"Obviounly in such a mixture cf peoples th3ie will 

i. Oaptured document written by IHimLor on 26 llay 1940, quoted ir. Semiweekly 

Iêlligence Summary, published by HO, 12-ch Ayry Croup., Report 

Ho. 6, 2S May 1945,

-30- 

SB'JWtf 

always be sono racially ypos. Therefore I 

think that it is our duty -co take their children 

with us, to remov« them froui their euvir if 

neoeasary by rjibing or sterling fchenu . .Either wa 

win over any gaed blood thai, we can use for ourselves 

and g:Vve it ft )lace in our peeple, oroooi/e ciestroy 

this bluodo" 

(*) Regarding terror agei net native populations: 

"I, or rather we, the police, are very sei ere ia our 

penalties for .aearerin of a foreign poopl«' nho enter 

into relations with Oernan girls or won er.. ...the 

foreigner wi.M bo sent t» a aonoetntratioti snap for 

'•• Ir bad seoes ho will be hanged on the spot»' 

ii, gerjEftnigatiotx of ponqverod territories: The eubjugatioa «nd 

elimination of the indigenous populations had the inaaediato purpose of 

inking room for th

fflSta 

He-fchoda of (Jo..Toarti;;p-tion varioci. in tue different territories RosanteLi 

they oonsia-'î i_i the introductä m of the Genoa» adiairdstr« i 

system as well as of German logi/jivtion - t.g, •che Huremberg L&ws in 

occupied territories« Furtnemio.-e, schools for (Jeraan chiJdrtro ting 

N&polas, Deutsche ffaimwehulsn« *ad even univernitiea, worm o'.>tned? C'ü - 

tural p.ooi&iii'ns sp?'an£ up» It was» however, the ruthless jo .icy of re-" 

settlement i-uj£iles,*jly exeuuted wiiiah was primarily relief. \.p m to oleanse 

the blood ii. ;ha various territories and to eunrante« tn© purttj of t 

Garnan race. People of doubtful racial stook or doubtful joiitical loyalty 

ws»ro forcibly evacuated in order to be "do-nationalized" aid "reeducated 

in purely Gcna&n 3urrounr!ingSo t ' Hirmler had mitivo families face th« 

Collowing choice: 

"Parents with children of gool b^.ood will have to 

decxde between tw» iltornatives , Eitner tiiey re- 

liaain (not. to proo; "orta again, tuereby avoiti 

the threat of a d>.n*erous» baoa iso equalp olae) 

and let -cheir children go, or fche parents otliga 

theraselvea to mov

. }^.... 

" ;l«6©ttl*»awnt cannot te coraparod with doportatiu x in 

any way; it is Just s cienaure oz' pc ii-fcicEl noueiei 

tc strengthen the p.»cpJe of the frontier coinB&auty, 

ard it also :',ivon the "or.kag;er.o-.s-.ia concerned t 

opportunity to become faithful i.tamfcero of ehe p«pj.o(a 

oon&iumity i-sore rapidly* H 

': reconversion to Germandou was attempted through rigid ittiootrimtion 

fcht) rtjpaiiriattd VoIJcatsenoMgen« f «awhile, Ctertaan settler« ai^d bS 

.-. .d«uovuQ into the homes and fazau; relinquished by depor row 

sd territoziwg..

SECR 

lii« Economic exploitation o ? occuple1 

territorieso An incidental feature of SS colonial 

-Wl». .I. — T Mil! M^l—>.> 

policies, but cne which acquired increasing importance 

darin«;. 1941-1944, wa3 the raa:;sive exploitation o;' 

economic resources in area;! conquorod by the Gerrit n Army,, 

It established the SS as an entrepreneur in its ovn 

rieht and contributed sub3 - .an J ;iall to the succs;;t of the 

S3*s drive toward politica".. autarch/ and he£ono.a;r, in 

roads raada by the Sä into the spher > of government and 

ibllltary administi'ation wave now suopl amenta«. by r ctual 

economic sonpretition with industry.. Tiia move rtu 

facllitatad by the fact that the SS could acquire the 

noeded raw material« fron sources which flowed generously 

and Gratuitously, and could exploit them with cheap 

labor furnished by SS internment and concentration camps» 

In the course of tho jeans the SS competed in the 

following; fields: building materials, stone quarries, 

food industry, armament production, agriculture, forestry, 

fisheries, textiles, leather, porcelain» etc. To operate 

the business side of these enterpriser the SS seo up 

powerful combines such as ore "flaut 3cha 3rd- und .stein- • 

werke (DE3t) n , the "Gesell.schalt f\x? Textil— und 

Lederverwertunc» mbH.", and, above all, the "Deu.^ che

SECT: 

Aufrustuncswerke" (DAW). These companies were »ora 

ted into the.SS administration proper, and production 

plants were operated by hi£;h SS officials0 

Tho center of control was located in the S£ Wirt- 

Schafte- und Vorv/al-ouncsh luptent WVIIA-SS Economic and 

Administrative Hain 0ffic3''o- Amtscruppe V,; Wirtschafts*» 

unternehnanên (Division"/' Economic Enterprises >e- 

carae a sort of holding: covnpan;; for the various luc.ujtrial 

corporations integrated in the WVIIA > The choice vas a 

logical oat. in view of the fact tlia"> tie WVIIA wai: like 

wise in charge of tue administration of concentration 

camps, which greatly eased the administrative prot lam of 

coordinating industrial projects with labor supply. 

For industrial operations in occupied areas, notably 

Russia, so-called SS Y/lrtsi;r.a:?tsIconrianîo3 (S3 Economic 

Commandos) were formed; in other places so-called 

"Betriebsyupper." (plant groups) were sstabllshed, It 

is possible that these c r o u P s were subordinate to the 

so-called SS Wirtschafter (SS Ecoho;.oic Commander) who, 

in occupied areas, was frequently attached to tha staff 

of the Higher SS and Police Loader (IlSSl'f) and wan in 

Yl For a* - aêscr"ip1ETon how these enterprises were administered 

and operated, and hov; concentration carap inmates were 

drafted.for. work in various factories and plants, see 

report on "Tue numerical Expansion of the Concentration 

Carap Buchenwald durinc the Years 1937 - 1945," No» B- 

2833, on file with OSS 

SECRET

SECRET 

chare© of cone s:itrat ion earaps and such function*: aj 

were nonaallj handled by the SS Verwal tung sf uh.'t r 

(SS Administrative Leader)» 

1 

iv„ Principal Areicles» The increase of 

i'unctiont assigned, to the i£ in the wake of German 

military conquest inflated correspt niingly the bureau» 

cratic apparatus of the SS cormand, Amonc the various 

agencies created to secure the Nazi hold on the new 

territories, fron a nilinar and racial point of view, 

the followinc are the nost Important: the Stabshauptamt 

des Reichskomu.Lssars fur oio Pestirunn des I>eutscaon 

Volkstum* (Staff IIQ of the Reich Commissioner for the 

Consolidation of German Fclkdon), v;hich was one of the 

Main Offices within the SS ,'iuprene Command and,, simul 

taneously, a department within the Office of the 

Reichskomnlssar fur die Pesîrunn ^CE deutschen Valkstums 

I | m_ . • l_U • Ml I -J. • « H B « MMMMi • «M M M M M mm* UM*

SECRE1 

which was in charge of thjj registration of SS pen 

willing to settle as farmers in occupied -territories in 

the East; the Amtsgiuppe X) (Division Di of the iJ. :.lauptamt 

(SS Central Office), which was responsible for xitrolling 

! so-called Cerr.iaiid.sche iiS iGermanic SS); she 

oT the 

Anatsgruppe 17 (Division Vf)/ss Ulrtschaf :s- \md Y;^ altx\n^S;« 

hauptant (SS [Jain Administrative and Economic Office), 

vjhich wrs In ;-barge of the econouic exploitation tf 

occupied territories (tee above); offices responsible 

for the recruitment and e aplo ,iaent of foreign nanjo.ver 

for military purposes, in v,be VJaffen SS (Combat Si ) 9 

or for forced labor--eg», the SS Hauptamt, the 

ffuhrur^shauflt&iijb (SS Operational I.Iain office), and the 

SS V/irtHthafts- und Ver-wal :un^shaupt;amt? and, finally, 

the Höhere SS und Poliaelf^kror (Higher SS and Police 

leaders) in occupied territories. 

**• Post-war Activities: fhe milennial character 

of the Nazi Lovenent, as p\-*oclairaeO b, its leader':; on 

for the futuri 

countless occasions,was most lilcel.. tc bo r/aarceilby 

the or gun i sat ion. the members of which had pledge! them 

selves to unconditional cbodienco and unlimite alty0 

Available Information indicates in fact that b; a secret 

order of Himmler» the 3S has been given the lion».s share 

in the organisation and cparatlon of underground 

activities to perpetuate National Socialism be;/oad the 

SECPEP

-37*- 

SKC 

1 

limit of military* defeat. Among the agents entii 

with the execution of post-war resistance and subv :.., 

the names of Higher SS and Police Leaders, ' ly 

Eruetzmann, figure proninently, The Heichi 

Hauptamt3 espocj.all:. Ant III and Amt VI (ST 

reported to have played a considerable part in the 

planning and organization of such undertakings 

Werev;olf, A ctlpn Bundschuh, t.nd other clandesti: 

40 The jorioonent Parti of the S£» I.i the c< 

/ears , the 3£ developed inta a extremely coraple: 

organization In which "certain functions became the 

specialty of un5.ts which vier* either created ad hoc—e»g

-38» 

SECR. 

the Allgemeine SS (Goners ;, the Vaffen SS • 

•, the S i cherhei z a dlena i. ( Ml -Security Service 

§§. Tptenkopfverbände (SS Death Head Formations) 

The distinction is legitimat« as far as functioi 

concerned, In terms of administration, :.t is p: 

non-existent« All branches cf the S3 were subq: fee 

to the same commander, ic.e0, Reichsfuhrer SJS Hit 

and were supervised by the '/frlous main offices In 

* 

the Supreire Command of the 3S. 

a. The AUgemalne £S (General SS) 

i. Compositlonc The Allgemeine SS was 

original nucleus of the S£ which event 

the various special units. 3t is, i.i fact,. a 

that» with the exception of the-Waffen SS and tl. 

To terücopf verbände, none of the special units s In 

tile Sicherheitsdienst (SB), £ evered their 

with the mother organisation, and that they can 

still be regarded as parts ot :he Allgemeine SS.. t Is, 

*- * * lUWIIIIWlHtlHIIII ••«• I •» • MUM* 

indeed, safe to assume that various spesial uni1 

continued to oe staffed from the ranks of the . -êiiig 

SS« In fac 1 ;,, the Allgemeine S3, in all likelihood, 

served as a pool from which the Higher -3S and Pol:'. 

Leaders., the chiefs of the Si cherhei -^spolizei und 

Sicherheitsdienst would draft manpower for use in er 

SECI

SECRET 

actions were planned by the special units -ander their 

command.. This appears to be sonfirmed by/«tatement of 

Reinhard Hsydrich, Chief of Sicherheitspolizei and 

Sicheraoitsdienstt made in 1936. Heydrlch explained 

the relai ionship of the Allgemeine SS to the SD as 

follov 

l.e nen of the SD are. 3$ leaders and 33 

men of the SS as a whole(Gesamt SS) who have 

their coiiB.iandö alfcematingly within the pi) 

and if 1 thin the Allgemeine SSg«..' 1 

1^« Strtiri.^t3:..o The Allgemeine SS was 8 

regular formation (Gliederung) of the Nagi Party, Its 

numerical rise and decline was sensational.. After a 

steep climb from roughly 250 l.n 1925 to 250,000 within 

fifteen years-, it had sunk after five years of war to a 

mere fraction of its greatest strength» This was due, 

chiefly., (as noted above) to the transfer of S3 rr-.en to 

the Armed Forces, the Police, said, later, as a result of 

the inc ?easinc importance of the V/affen J5S, to the latter 

as the fighting formation of Kimmler end the real power 

behind the ascendancy of the SS leadership to a ruling 

croup« 

Siio Functions, The functions of the Allgelmsine 

SS per jre those of a para-nilitary organization, 

"ToXgrigHbr"Beobachter, 26 April 1936 (on file with 

. rjggD—Y)opar'tTaen'b) „ 

SE

-40- 

They were normally confined ;o participation : 

stings, parades, camps, and competitions and 

military drill, As indl above, there is 

to assume that* at special occasions, members o 

Allgemeine SS were detailed c render auxiliary se 

to the poll 3e and to partake in "Sonderaktionen. ,? 

campaigns and raids organized by the supreme Re.'c'n 

regional authorities of the ;>Sa 

iv " Constituents, In tenrs cf members] he 

Allgemeine SJ> consisted of the SJ3 Pü^S£'£o?ü£ (Officer 

: j ps) ancl the ranks. The Officer Corps, general! 

at least above i;he rank of S urmcannführer (Maj< as 

employed on a fill-time ba3ij: and v/as attached either to 

the command of unit3 or to noadquarters, This 

to the so-called "Aktive f.S J'{Ihrer" (Active SS o: 

to the "Zugeteilte Führer b«d den Stäben" cere 

attached to staffs. It d: d not apply to the "^'hr 

in der Staxraabteilüng (Officers of the Reserve) or 

I' (I 

to the "PLhrer -aur Verfügung (Officers at Disposal. 

All other ranks» I.e., the vr.st majority of all S3 

members, were used on a part-time basis, except fo? those 

who were assigned to full-tine Service with indlvi 

units or to headquarters and for those who were listed 

at so-callei "non-active" msi.bers0 

St 

SECRET

an as fo'..lov;a: 

SEC: 

v9 Ranks

RASI3 

>S i __ J 11 ltary tqu: yelent, 

US Sturas oharfuhra i 

5S Kaupfcacharfuhra r 

5S Oberaeharfflharer 

*S iteniartanjunkai- 

>S Seharfflhrer 

;>S JurJor 

3S l."t€»;faoharffihrdi' 

JS Rottenführer 

>S "-'turrcann 

;JS Schütse 

J&JBBSL &••£*.. 

Oberfeldwebel 

Fa Ids» bei 

F3hnrich 

UrS,-, Arp,y ,. 

Maa-fear "*.";_'.eant 

Techni c nt 

Staff S« r 

Unterfeldwet*.*. . Sergeant 

FahmnjuTler-Unteroffiiiar Office rr 3uaiidate 

Unterorfizi* r 

Ober-Qefrei" o 

Gefreiter 

Ooeraohötie 

Schutze (C r* nadier) 

Corporal. 

:era candl 

Private Fust Claas 

( acting C >J poral) 

Private First Class 

Private (Senior) 

Private (Oi dinary) 

vi. Funcfci:;nal. CpiBnandr. Suprar* Command y*er tha Allere ine SS 

\isut exorcised by HF-SS Ili-nmler and varied Nazis officers on the I fcieh levels 

'.'he executive headcuarter» of the All peine .na 38, under SS (?rup))en:"flhrer 

.00 ?etri, the »orcalled Kommando ac$t ce. Ulfflminenfa (Coiimand I 

of tha General SS). was situated in %»t (Jffico I) cf ^J^^Pj*±- 

'Division A) within the S3 Führungennx p eat ^SS Operational Ma:.n Office) which 

-rac headed by SS Obeyyfrfppenführor Hara J^ttasr* 'Ssoruitnent .'or the 

^llfjeme'.ne SS was tu^jerviaed by the 35 i a tptant '33 Central OfYijc)» under 

US Ober^ruppenfunrer Gottlieb Berber, wl i :h also waß responsible for the 

SECRET

.ystematlo indoctrination of 3S membors Personnel. affaiia we?» handled 

by the SS_ Persgnaihauptsjat (SS Per-som»! Main Offi«e) under £3 

obergruppenfuhrer Kaxirilian von HBrff, legal ard disciplinary matter» by 

.he .lauptamt SS Garioht (SS tagal Office) under fcS Gruppenführer Fruns 

Jlreithaupt, and matters portaining to ncial qualifications, sccu.1 »».fare 

etc« by the SS Rasse» und Siedlungen .U'pvant SS (Raet, and Sottltmu t Wain 

Of fie«) under S>5 01:)er^nppenft^ror Richirl HaldebroKd-' 

"**•*• ° 

So 6* onft l Organisation,. 

(3.) Oberabachnitc., Rejixn. .l.ly* the all gemein» SS w\: zxib divided 

so-called Oberabschnitte (Oa - !)is iriot or Uorts Area)o lach 

.bsohnlttj in turn., comprised two to ^ree Absshni.tto (3uh Districts),;. 

3elow the Abschnitt tho AH gemeine SS w is organised on the basr.s of military 

mi ;a rather Shar, territory.; That 1» to nay» eaih ^ÎÂjtt i Scharen 

(Stations)

SECHES 

3a addition, the Party Hanual records fcui Öborabschnitte in the occupied 

te rri tories »3. namuly« 

1schnitt Rhe incite stciar} 0 

In March 1944 Boheitia-ifc>ra-rias 

vtiich until then md been a ao»called "independent aad imrjodiaisly uubordinatW 

(saAbstandig imd inmittelbar unterstell"!) Abaohnltt trithin the Protectorate 

was upgraded to b^coave the Oberabachnitl B8ht»n~fcfihr9ne Within jenaany* 

ixo Obe rabschrltta corx^sponcied by and large to the V.'ehrkroigfl 'Military 

tri eta of the Army High Cdxmand - OKI ) and «ex« thsrt2ifuh_rer 

(HSSPf)«. Higher S3 end Polics Leader) «1 o was the» de legato of the 

Iteichafuhrung SS for that particular ci.tdct and thei-efoî responsible 

;.*or the execution of SS aad police rovtb ra and for all apodal a3£ i^naients 

ishlch fell under the jurisdiction of en • if the Hauptämtern ;Ka.'.n Cfficeo) 

within the Raichs fuhrugg SS.. At the cans tune, each of these 'little Hixnmler«^ 

was accredited to sJ.1 higher administxa ive authori-tiea, e^g«-, He ich Govornoi 

-Provincial President«, State Governmant >, whose area of j xrisd/ebion was 

aart of the Obersbf-chni^t or Viehrkreite. Actually« thare '»ere i»re HSSPf*a 

3y far than Obe rebschnitta a 

In view cf tfie complice ted problens of security 

i arose in all to rr^ torie a occupied by Gernaa f cross,, it was ound 

TT^nr 

SECHST

expedient to assign HSS.^fa to th© various military and >iiirL'j.ii*2i authc 

operating iu are^s cutside Qenaany« oonBoqusna^ HS^Pf »a «er» appoii; 

for the General Jove rasas nt„ Prance* ösj.at-rk;, Soibin, Black See, liuly* 

Adriatic Coastal Zone, Hungary, Greoc«, Belgium and Northern France, and 

Croatia« 

SS District 

/abschnitt) 

Nordost 

Spree 

Bll » 

ee 

Military Distri< t 

(y.'ehrkrela) 

V^hrkroia I 

tôiilgsoerg) 

Ytohrkraia II 

FEottinT" 

Wshrkroia III 

TSSrTInT' 

City Berlin 2 

Wehrkreis IV 

TUroadimJ 

Sucwefct. TJe^rkreia V 

X^tuttârt) - 

- Wehrkreis 71 

XSlIisöTSorf) 

! Wehrkreis VII 

•(Munich)"" 

at 

V.©hrkrois VIII 

(BresISuT 

r.-fterra ftehrkr-jla. D» 

tSäasel)"' 

BSSPf 

Cfcj for instance, Section 2... pars >g -aph 1»of £eciond Grde. he enforceneat 

of the Decree of the FQhror • .nd : ng the 

Organization and /dminiatratioa o ' ;ha Eastern Terr it'o a? 2 November 

1939, 3GB1 ps-rt I, Pc 2133, which s-iated that "A ranking Si> a.id Police 

Chief shall be attached to the of; 'iae of trio Ee.'.ch Governor attd shall be 

personally subject to the direct i •rtera of th« Reich Govt..raor0 He shall 

at th© same tltae serve as the S£W it of the ftaioh Ccramas.cacr for the 

Strengthening of Germanism?" 

2c This aroa is geogaphically part o. ' the Wehrkreie but lias a IlSSPf of its 

OWlo 

SS«Grul\ oit 

(formerly SH-Gruf« Ebreoht) 

£S-Ogruf. Sail tSa?.uw 

SS-Ogrufc Iljisdmeyer 

adolf n 

Aliens It b 

(fornerly Sj-0$ruf von 

Voyrac 

SS~Ogruf o Ofcio .Hafinenn 

SS-Ogrufe. K«i Gutenberger 

JiS-Ogruf«. Kul Froiher von 

Eberstein 

SS-Ogruf . Ernst Rainrich • 

Schmause >- 

SS-Ogru >.w. Srbprii 

Kaldeok imi Pyrmont 

mi®?

S3 Distriot 

(Obtrabscha: fc ; ;j 

i ardse« 

Military District 

(TTehrkreia) HS3 ?i: 

WthricrsiB X 

TIEabuiigT 

Mitt© Wehrkreis XI 

T)'*r auosohiiaTg) 

Rho ia«-Vie s tratrk Hehrkiöis XII 

{Wiesbaden) 

Main hrta+la XIII 

"{a^rnSi/Brg) 

Donau Wehrkiîa XVII 

- XvlSnrST' 

Alpenland Wehrkreis XVIII' 

(BaTsbui'g) 

Vfeichß»! -h*kreis XIX 

Barths» Vtehr kreis XX 

TTCSSKT" 

BBhxnen .^.d Lünen Böhmes > und MDiren 

»sgue) 

Horö (Uorway) 

Hordwect 

(Bstherlnsids; 

Ukraine 

Ostland 

»ml Coveinsaent 

:ukau) 

3BT 

SS-QrUfo Graf Georg Bonnizv 

•^'on £.uE3e - siita-Behr 

Qgmf» Rudolf Qu 

(formerly SS-ürui',, I 

SSoOgruf« Josef Strocp 

SS=Ogruf• Bejaao Martin 

SS-3rigf« Sohimana (formerly SS« 

Ogmf- Rudolf Querner) 

SS-Ogruf«, Edfrtn RSsaner 

SS-Grufo Friscrieh Katsms 

SS-Grufo Eeint Reinefarth 

SS-Gruf, Karl Friedrich Graf 

Pückle j^-Bur^hans 

SS-Ogruf . T/ilhelra Koppe 

SS-Ogruf, Wilhelm Rediess 

SS-Ogrufn Hanns Ranter 

SS-Ogruf„ HEUB Pröteaann 

SS-Ogruf . Friudrioh Jeckeln 

Additional KSSPfa in territories anr» A

Te iritory 

Black Sea (Odessa) 

Italy (Verona) 

Adriatic Coastal Zone 

(Trieste and Fi una») 

3ie. jary (Budapest:) 

3reeoe (Athens) 

9elgiun and Northern Frence 

Irussels) 

Croatia 

-47- 

ERGS5T 

rc sry ( 

SiT-Ogrufo Ricujxd Hilde 1 ,. 

-Sf-Ogruf . Karl fcolff, HoVh it 

(Supreme) S;3Ff in 33aly" 

SS«Ogruf. Richard Bildebrandt» 

ITSSPf Veron* 

SS-Gruf. Odile Globoonik 

SS-Gruf. Otto \Tiaokalaanri 

(formerly SS-Ogrufo Gsarg Eapplflr) 

SS-Brigfo Franr; 

SS "äruf. Richard Jungklai 

SS--Gr-tif. Kauuarhnlter 

To discharge the ver'aowe duties fal!5n{; upon the HSSPf as he- IS and 

* 

Police., each HSSPf had at his diapoasl a staff of fu:l»täw, ins* and 

honorary SS officers« \7ithiii the fre's»,work of the Allgegaelne S3 tiio HSSPf 

oai-xanded the? following officers t 

The SteAafBhror der Allgemeinem L3 (Chief of Staff of the General SS) 

The Versal ti-ngsfChrer (Administrative Officer)* 

The 0brab3chnittsarat (District Mndical Officer.! 

The (Jot^bs^'hnlttaaiMMlAangofC/fM-e:^ (District Training Offioer) 

,ßie Otorabsohaitt Personalchef (iletriot Personnel Officer) 

The BachriobteafBhrer (Chief Sigtals Officer) 

In occupied countries the Verwaltuy gifOhrer was often replaced by the 

RS Wirtschaftler (SS Eooncaaib ÜaSimdrr) a set* atme.. 

SBCKT

.-4 

I» addition* the HSSPf controlled tho iffices as mre assign da by 

virtue of his fuaotlon as csgional rop-âentative of the Keiohat" S3 

B I a.? regional c>s;imander not only of 'ha Allg«xei;t» SS but a3 the 

supervisor and coordinator of the ac ti ritiee of th© Security s, the 

irity Service , the Order Police, up >clfioair..yi> M the immediate superior 

of the following oamnanderss 

The BafehlahKjer (Inepsktuur) dir Sicherhei/Spolizfti uac iea 

Sieherh*ei't»li'ena tos (Commander ö* r 'the Secari Sy'Police" aK 3eourlty 

IServTöV)"" 

Xhe Befehle raiser der • Ordnuna»pol .sei (Coraaian

SBCKBg 

ordare of tru. Reich^fuhrung ZS ia areas inside and outside of Q&i 

Outaida Gersuny eras of the foremost responsibility of 3Pf 

was the combatting of partiaf-ns- Sue % orders had to channeled jh the 

office of the HSüPf, isnich thereby best ae party to &11 cririea and authorities 

ordered by ;he Roiclisfflhrung SS and executed, upon lis directives, by the 

local SIPo and SJ> offices. J case in joint is the execution cf Biiüidler , s 

order forbidding interference by the Pcläoa with the killing cf Allied fliers 

by the local population-* Both, in Oernany and in occupied territories* the 

HSSPf had the ponrer over life and duett of all to-called "FreydvB 13l..iache"» 

i.e., foreign nationals. According to ar. order by Xüttoler of 1 Kotrcmber 19*^* 

the HSSPf alone decided the executions of foreijai elerants' 1 Sil und Polisoi~ 

PßhrunjrsstfibefuV fur Baridenbskajapfung, i„e., specie! staffs fcr the 

•Wwi'.wimlaUia—»ruMtfii T I •&•-^> M»W«-- ~I\ • ••HUMP iiiwaafi—II»iriiV 

coi&batt^Qg of partisans, are known so lave been created, which, far froa 

In5.ng themselves to nilitary cojabat»reliod on tie wholesale slaujitar 

of populations, 'vhe taking and billin;* a>f hoateagea, and collec-i« reprisals» 

An sxanple are tS» so-e&lled Black Brigades which wore foraed arid employed 

n* the auapioee cf the SD and Khic'i operated urtfbr the ooaarand of 

Obsr^.ppenfahre? Karl Wolff,. Höchst as fS und Zoljgcifxkrer (Sup?*«» SS 

and Police leader) in Italy, under that of SS Bs-igadefuTirer Kurator« 

Befehlshaber der Sipo und SP and of trrrioua l&SPi*** coffiaanding in Italy and 

ara&a adjacent to tae Adriatic Sea< 

lc Teatirao^y by SS Obergenpj.enfuhrer i anno Martin, OSS, CSD f ;ai?,70Se 

8 = OSS CID #l26978o 

Por details on area of operation, chain of ctoisaand, distribution of 

responsibility, orders daaanding the raking and killing of hostages« and tho 

execution of celiacirive z's^jbjifsala against the local population, cf, 

Mussolini*3 official deiaurehe of IE September 1944; orders by iJss&elringa 

Yfolff, von Pohl, ani subordinate! 'ccanandars, OS J, Be. A 5°7"2 fphotostats 

of originals on fils with OSS). Sea also inter rogation a sppe (Don 

Cornelio) Biondi, S3 Verona agent. OtS (*£) docjtent. 

SBCRST

ypO~ 

In fulfil In© it of these functio is the HS33?? ms e,>upowo:«d by crders • 

Hiamlar 1 to orcer* so-called SÜnnsiEasajiahmen (literally penit» oie&surea) 

as reprisals for "yrave ferrorintie wad sabotage acts," especially In oases 

ir which the real perpetraors oould not be identified or apj: Suoh 

raeasunsa, for reasons of prestige, wer» to be initiated; as s. rui», eâinst 

foreign nationals who could not be rt>g\.rded as la a offenders, but

of PW's were returned mad sent to SS headquarters to equip foreign p.guate« 

(Source* Ustfo Bruno Sierka and Fred loch , OSS doo* XL-11146, 

At a relatively late stage in tiie war, HT»3Pi seem to kvs baen given 

functions of a specific military nature*. An order of Hitler of 7 .-September 

1944 ordered the ESSPf Rhoin-Westraark to join th* GaBBancle:,' o ia-ois XII 

•with all his foroee in the event of airborne landings and appointed the ESSPf 

as successor to ohe Cctwaandar, should the latter become a oat In 

a sens©, thie arrangement reaffirmed tie H3SPf in a iunotion h a prohf.. 

anticipated at the time his office was created. W.s extraordinary executive 

passers made the H£SPf the logical choice as the "strong man" wi'Sh authority 

tc decree and enforce internal security in case of smergenoy, e.g. war. By 

th© same token, che HS£'P£ was given a tei.t on the Dafenea GoaaniSto© sot up 

by the Ministerial Council for the Defense of the Raich in each Faioh Defense 

Zone. In some occupied territories, a-g.» the Irotactorato, fcltjxaMa, and 

(from preceding page) 

police offices *.»hich *are centered ii tl e Secretary of Stt.te_ for iaourity and 

Highe;.; SS and Polioe loader for the 3C years of 

age (Poland #15) j compelling the «Jewish Councils to assist in the consoripti 

end induction of Da wish forced labor (Poland #22); creating ghettos in eaoh 

of ths five districts of the GG., and ordering Jot's to be deported from all 

other places of rasidwioe (Poland #1:28 end #129). 

Aooordinj; to other decrees issued by the Governor Gene re 1 >a Kas to 

organise forced labor battel ions from all Jewish inhabitants of the GG (Pola*: 

and to assist in tha saizure of Jewish property (Poland #24) 

Under tho Sighed SS and Polios Leader responsibility for the "supervision" 

of Jere in Poland -aas lodged in the ^canarder of the Soourity J'olios (Blerkampf) 0 

1« Per further dataila on the lower eofcelens see Chart on tha Allgemeine SS, 

Obarabschnitt Organization. 

SECRET

Belgium and Northern France9 the HSSP.C *m;3 actually made Qaamaud 

af all military forces» 

Finally« ESSPf appear to have beun selected to pre pare post-war 

lostilitiea in Germany. In accordance with an order by Eimmler of i.feroh 

i.94St HiJSPf were appointed to organise and direo-; '^'erwol.f" activities in 

2 

th< ir respective areas of command. 

(2) Qtbor cub-di?isiona., She SS Abschnitte^ althou j 

furdamo: itally a territozial designatici iGmprieod HS foruas ai>p • 

division strength« I'hey were referred 1 o by the town where t: 

located or by the ragions viiioh they included. A3 of 3.911 tb»ra v. 

altogether 45,, with a *otal of 7 .,000 to 'LI,GOO 38 aeu in each. Head 

the Abaohnit-j was generally an SS offioe? of the rank of Stanclarteiiführer 

or Oberführerj with a staff modelled at! .êga/ds function» on that of the 

Obe r e.b?! chnitt. 

- The SS St ^d arte avenged in 3941 between 1,900 and 2. a, in 

1S'44 between 300 and 400* SS Standgjrten were numbered front 1 - 12 > cons« 

tively» Each TOIS ctiamaoded either by tn SS Stanjdnrtenfflhrorj an 3;i_ ffi^yeturai- 

baanfßhrers or an s;.. St jgiafCforer„ who *mo assisted by a snail s 

It consisted in mac*-time of 600 - 800 men. The .Sturmb&nn war- ec sanded 

by an SS Sturmbannführer assisted by an Adjutant» 

SHaEP, CI Monitor, p>:. 3 February ISM* OSS poeument, OXD 121 

Statement by Ogaf» Hartins HSSEf* 3f Ca Main^ OSS Docownat X1XL1148, 

ISSWf

Au id© from the ragular unite of the neinn as^ there ware e 

rambor of so-called jloadere^ffioJ.ton. (Speoia ) attached to «ach Ober- 

abschnitt anä Alischnitt 0 

TJiey iE Glutted jSS_ liaitsr SJtegjaxlea. (SS CJavalry 

Regiments) »xchrichton Sturabafcnta (SS S:.gmle BattaliciaO* SS Pionier 

SttjTmteM« (>£ Engiaeor Battalions)« S3 Son/.ttlt? Stüriaa (SS 1 Camp: 

SS_ Kmftfalu* Sfci)rme (SS Motor Transport Companies), ivatl SS Kratf. Stürm» (£S 

jlotorcyole Cosnpanie 

(3) g-aftftl&Vunijts. 

(&) SS Postal ; 5a 13 my an a Girarda« Amcng ita many 

othsr activities th Sf râ responsible for the provision, 

control of special /guards for the paetal^ railwiy and radij \ir 

Germny» 

Ihe Bf-toiashiai:« (Railway Guaris) and the Po^tsohuta >.l Guards) 

wore originally units of the Sojffly'jollgei (Special Gsrman lo Tlisy 

did not corns under the central poMoe administration,, but -sere [separately 

maintained by the postal **nd railta;- authoritior

A major ohange, however. >ccvrred under the Kazi ra|.i_ats in ac 

cordance wiv.h an agreement of thj IteiohsffShrer-SS und Chef dar dtmtgahen 

Polizei Himmler, the lahnpo'lizei also acted as auxiliprie? to the Security 

Police forctSp and canto, therefo:?e, taxier the teiohasichere h 3:l t shauptaint anda 

to the extent to ^licb its members were engaged in Security Pel ice (Sipo) 

duties, undor the Qhgf_ dor aleuts-sher Itolizeio 

The fta;in3ohutgpoli8e"i iter') i branch of '.ha Bahtipoliseic ?Jhen, 

together with the Poatachuta, r similar orgar.ination of tic postal authoriti03 

it Tunas taker, over in lat© 1942 b;r the SS, under 3S Obergruppenführer Berg. 

they were btth reorganized and a third, the SS Ponkschuts, was formed to 

rd and police radio installations, such as tha Hundfund"aoe (Central 

Broadcasting louse) in Berlin, and transmitters and power giantso 

Parscmel o£ these special. :;mits presumably were 1 ill time members 

of the Allgemeine SS end wore tha alack unifcm ->£ that branch of the SS 

iihen an duty» rhsy were armed and received military truiiir 

(b) Other \mi"E; The various Oberabao irifrt» and Abschnitt« 

also controlled the activities o.J auxiliary bn-nshes, sctna o*' «thick ware* 

SS Sports There was one nucb organizeti.cn within JBO.I Qb?>rabBchnitto 

It was orgariaed into SS Sportab-te llungen (Sections) and >£ ogortaannschaiten 

(teams) 9 which trained with the llifclor Youth and with the Pertervs of the 

Allgemeine 5S> 

S3 Werlcspolizel (Industrial Police)» Thla orâniz itim» trained and 

controlled by the SS, furnished offisers for the Workg^husz '.special pro 

tective services ix* factories) o Its functions included c n.ater=espionag 

counter-sabotage, and counter-pri>pj.ganda«. In addition t? taese general 

duties were added «mergenoy dutios during air-raids and aieaft' attacks,. 

SECHES

Thesr officers -par© responsible to \Sbm Fahrer of the Qtembaolniitt (SS 

Regional District) \it©r© they fbocticnedj, and thua actsd aa a cireot link 

between the factories and the SSo 

SS Jndu;jtrieachutananRsoba:?t3r> (Industrial irafeiy Grown)« These 

units mere cadges of SS officers in charge of empUyees of plante, tfho 

served as liaison officers with the various forces of Ihm Ordnutf,spolisei 

(Regular Policu) ooncerood with fir.v fighting and passive air»ra:'.d precautions- 

Hafensicherungstruppen (Port Security Trocpe)c Those special unite 

of the Allgeasins SS whloh patrolled tie waterfronts of the naôr ports in 

cooperation with polico authoritios ami the Security Service, especially 

during raids j, -.«ere at the disposal of tho Chit ft; of the coastr.1 HS Ober- 

abschnitt« (No:-dRest, Hordsee, 0sts3c, and Nordost, « Ihoy reixi'orced the 

regular Y&BserachutapoliKei (Waterways Protection Iolice)o 

Bordschutznannschaf ten (Shipboard Security Crews). By 

proclamation, in 1941, of SS Obergruppenfülirer Karl Eeufmann, 

Reich Commissioner for Merchant; Shipping* Ü1 ships plying for 

Germany's war effort which wa.?e nianned per ;iaXly or entirely 

by Dutch, Danish, Norwegian, ind other non-German crews were 

have on board so-called Bords ;huGs;iaann3chaften. 7h33e units 

were assigned by the Führer of tie Obecab3 ihnitt in the ports 

from which the vessels clearei* The proclamation said these 

units would n !aan flak guns an! aasi3t the iJerrmn officers of 

such ships ana provide security ?or the non-Germar. crew members» 1 ' 

It was not stoted whether or not these cr-eMrs v;ere subject to 

maritime law, r.or was their relationship to the inesters of such 

vessels defined. Actually, tiese crew members were tools in 

SECRET

-56- 

the hands of the Slpo and SD, and were pa:?tictilarl•? suited to 

assist the Kripo In tlirowing out RplegMfahjpdung (e:nei polieta 

dragnet in txme of war;, in searching for stowaways,, aa well lr. 

checking on thfi other members of the crew, 

SS und Polizei Verkehrs dienst (SS und Police Traffic Service) 

This service was staffed by Allgemeine SS men and by members of 

depo'; units of the Wsfferi-SS, 

HJ Streifendienst (Hitler Youth Patrol Service), This urns 

a di'3cipl5.nar^ patrol service for members of tho Hitler Youths 

composed of senior boys of the IJ under the coamanl of SS or 

Police officers. A bot.rd of Li-sh local HJ ana SS leaders con 

sidered the Individual applications for service in the Streifen 

dienst, applying the rigorous, standards o + ? the original Allgemeiiie 

SSi 

^• Tho Sicherheitsdienst (SO - Security Ser-ri < 

*-° Relationship befrreai. 3D, Slpo and SS. The Sicher 

heitsdienst has bean describee eint; tochnicallj still a part 

cf the Allgemeine S3, although 11 ;/as -.Amotionally integrated 

with the Sicherheitspolizei (SiPo-Security Police)., In the 

interpretation, of !Mazi legaliftj, fche SD I'emainnd i Dienststelle, 

i*e.9 a service-bureaus of the 3S and the NSDAP, although it has 

bean drafted to assist the Sichirhaitspolizei, i.e., the Security 

Police of the Government«, 

1, V/erner Best, Die Deutsche Polizei, p., 56a 

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-37- 

SJCRET 

As a pa.'?t of tha Allgemein* SS the 3D has no membership 

different from that of the Allêmoine S3 but merely forms an 

administrative hierarchy of its ovm entrusted with the execution 

of a vital part of SS policy. Reinhard Eeydrlch, ( clef of the SD, 

defined the re3.ationsh.ip between ;5D and Sipo on the one side, and 

of SD and SS, on the other, an follows: 

"The Str.te Folic© (Gestapo) is assisted in the 

discharge of its dutleu by the Security Service 

(SD) of the Reichs:?uhror SS, which is not vented 

with executive powers., This Security Service is 

s broach (Zweig) of the 33 as a whole (Gesanr;-SS). 

The Rcicheleitung (Reich Directorate) of the Pari 

has assigned to th^ Security Service the intelli 

gence research and stu""eillance (nachr 1 cht eniaKsaige 

Erf or schür g und Überwachung) of the ideologi« 

cppon3i.t3 of National i'.ociallsm, The geographical 

subdivision of the SD corresponds io that of the 

Allgeiaelne SS« The men of the 3D are SS leaders 

and SS men of the SS an a whole (G.egamt-3S) who hold 

eowmaies, within both the SD and the Allgemafxe SS« 

While the functions of the Police are of a tactical 

and executive nature, the SD haa the intelligence and 

research function of furnishing the strategic pre 

requisites (Grundlagen} for the 3D aders of she Movement 

and/therewith of the State." 

:schor Beobachter, 28 April 1938 (on file in 

"Hie S"u"ate Department, 

HECHES

-5 

SECHES* , 

The integration of SD end Slpo in 1939 appears to have 

blurred somewhat the original borderlines between the SD as a 

mere fact-finding Intelligence service anc. the Sipo as the 

police branch charged with the actual execution of decisions 

deemed expedie.it on the basis of 3uch findings,, According to 

certain report 3^ the SD in Italy partook In punitive campaigns 

against partis ins and con troll acl Lndigenous forces organized 

1 

to combat partisans. The amaLga* nation of Sipo anc 3D at the 

Reich level, In the person of ;he Chief of Sipo and 3D, and on 

the r egional level in the of f i je of HBhere SS uni ro.b.zei Fuhre;» 

(HSSPf - Hlghar SS and Police Leader) and in that of iefehls"» 

haber der 31po und des SD (EdS - Coranander of Security Police • 

and security Service) subordinuta to tha H.äSPf made the distinc 

tion between S5.po and SD even acre complicated« 'In occupied 

territories S.tjo and SD are known to ha-re operated through one 

office only.) Finally, the convenient arrangement which per 

mitted the temporary recruitment of SS men for SD services 

rendered it eên more difficult to establish the ausj ices under 

which SS men were operating in any given situation* 

Thus seen functionally, 3D and Sipo are complementary 

services; for all practical purposes they generally workec, as a 

team0 References to the SD as an operating outfit î.L ;y of the 

commission of atrocities may yet warrant examination as tc whether 

or not It may stem from a loose application of the term. At 

1. Cf. Interrogation of Gui3eppe (Don Comelio) Blcndi, SD Verona 

agent, on file with OSS. 

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i» •I-IKI ASH»ma« 

any rate SP and Sipo may frequently have performed similar, 

if not, identical functions. i\ number of functions ind crimes 

listed below thus may be attributable to either 02- both trie ST) 

and Sipo. Although In most caaes the SD may have confined Itself 

to doing the intelligence part of the project, an the Sipo the 

executive on; 

iio origin and History of tha SD, The Sloherhelts- 

dienst (SD) 3::lsted prior to the advent of the Nazis to power. 

The 3D, in fact, was © typical creation of the ''Kampfzeit" 

{period of struggle), in which the Party and all Party forma 

tions organiaod so-called ''Ha; sfc richte nile.aste" (intelligence 

services) of their own to the end of counteracting '''designs of 

attack on destruction" by tho opponents with the help of "re*- 

eonnoitering und evaluating" .1 No attorapt was made to act ac 

cording to an over-all plan or to co-ordinate the various in 

telligence services at a central place» 

The SS, in consequence., ran its own intelligence service 

within the frcnework of the functions allotted to bhls formation. 

This was the to-called "IC-Dienst", later named the PI »Dienst 

(Presap-Infornatlons-Dlenst - Press Information Service). Head 

of this service wss Reinhard lleydrlch, one of Hinmler's closest 

advisers and nost ruthless hangfton. Heydrlch succeeded In build-. 

ing up the PI-Dlenst to the most powerful intelligence service 

the Nazi system. In an article in the official msû: iae of the 

lo d'Alquen, DîL-aS' p ° 21 

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Gerraen Police, Heydrieh reviewed the performance ree the 

Sipo and SD.l About the early beginnings of the ST, Heydrich 

said the follo\/ing: 

"The SD of the S3 was created befora the seizure 

power at a time* in which the Party had no (official) 

executive powers but, on the contrary., was apposed by 

the executive (of the government)... .The most important 

prereqttisito for discharging it« assignments thus was to 

explore the opponent theoretically and pra< ti sally by 

means of an intelligence service....Those opponen 

were, first of all, the visible antagonistic forc< 

which were organized within the German Party., i.aOJ at 

first ±e KPP (Communi n >r.rty), the SIT) (Social Democratic 

Party), the Zentrum (Catholic party), the DV P (German 

People's Party), the DNVP (Gorman national P-ople's 

Party), 3tc„ ..Behind thece formations there were active, 

all over Germany, the saw ideological opposition forces: 

Jewry, Communism, Political church, Fremasonry, etc, 

Finally, the ideological opponents (gegnerlnc;h 

Ge is te slc»8f te) were de te. allied." 

After the JT&zifl* rise to power, in 1953, the 3;), according 

to testimony o? Nazi experts, 2 gave proo;? that 'owing ;c 

systematic builc.-up of its organization, free of nil personal 

commitments, it had overcome all ojponents and conqusred spheres 

of activities (Lebensgebiete, lit> spheres of life) of actual 

1» Reinhard Heydrich, "Der Anteil der Sicherheitspolizei 1 

dog SD an den OrdnungsmassnaSiiieh im niT-Jle'ljüro^:.sc.:i d*Alquon, T;i3 SS., p. 22. ~ ~

or potential significance for the new National Socialist 3tate." 

In recognition of those merits. the rD, by decree of 9 June 1954, 

was made the sole political intelligence service of the National 

Socle list Part*/, The decree stipulated that "asidi a the SD 

of the RF-SS, no intelligence or espionage service of the Party 

Is permitted to exist." All other Intelligence services -within 

the Party .Tore dissolved and the personnel transferred to the SD« 

Organizationally the SD was directed by the so-callei flshgr- 

ha i t ohauptarat (Security Main Of rise), oie of the three main 

offices then in existence within the ReirftsfuMûife ss (SS Supre;ae 

Command) 0 

When, In 1936, Himmler became Chief of zhe German Police 

he appointed Heydrich as Chof dor Siehe rhe it spoil: 7 hief of 

i security Police) which combined the functions and administra 

tion of both the Goatapo (Secret State Police) and the Kr-lpo 

(Criminal Police), However, denpite the merger within the top 

command, as noted above, both S.po and SD retained their organiza 

tional identity and continued to function as two soperate services« 

The decree of 11 November lSSE 1 established a soxaevhat closer 

liaison between the two services. The decree stated: 

"The Sicherheitsdienst o? the RPSS (SD) as the intelligence 

- organization for Party or.d state — especially to 

assist the Sicherheitspolizei — lias to perform Ira- 

1. Printed In the Ministerial bulletin (Ministerialblatt) of 

the Reich and Prussian Minister of the interior, fflsl "40, 

p. 1906, 1930, quoted in ' e .Tier Best, Die Pout •:che Polizei. 

S3CRET

-6a- 

SECRET 

port&nt tasks. The SD therewith is mating upon 

Govejnnental order0 This requires close and 

;•? m* thetic collaboration between the SD and the 

iatrativo offices of the General Govarnmental 

Administration and of she Administration of the 

Interior." 

Thus, the SD was designated to become an agent of the State, 

although It remained a part and function of the Party« 

aha t .ialcamafc5.cn of the functions of both agencies 

occurred on 27 September 1959., when by decree of Himmler, tha 

Hauptamt Sit Sierheitspollzel within the niniatry of the Interior 

was merged cffioially with the SS~Sicherheitahauotamt to form 

the Ra ichsaicherhe 1 tnhauptarnt (Reich Security tlain Office), which 

was organized as part of the Reichsführung SS and of the Minis toy 

of the Interioro Heydrich asnvroad the title of Chef der Sicher--» 

heitspollaei mid des SD (Chle:? o? the Security Police and the SD)„ 

This step crooned «• development \/hich was lntendad to realize 

"the principle of the '* or de ns; is s •; 1 gen' (lit.} ordar-likc) pormoafcion 

of an institution of national crder (Volksordnun,;; by the carrier 

of the National Socialist liovo&ant."l 

Tha SD reached the pinnacle of its power In 1944 whan pai't 

of the Abwehr of the OK.*.'» the intelligence service of the Supreme 

Command of toe Armed Forces, passed to the jurisdiction of the SD« 

lo Werner Bast, op. clt„, p. &4„ 

SECRET

ii« Purpose arid functions of tho SDo 

«WWWHiWIWIUM |.MH**-*»I — . •»..•UM •! «•Uli •• UM» lack 

coat; we have understanding for this and we do not 

expect tliat we will be loved by too many ose who 

have Geruany close to their, heaxt will aid .shall 

respect us; those who have somehow or somewhere a bad 

conscience toward the Führer or toward i.tion 

ought to be afraid of us. For those people ve have 

built up an organization called the Sich. rxii_ljr.sdien3_t," 

(1) General functions 

( a ) Intelllf,gnce (done s, tic). ' he function 

2 

of the SD fAs betm described by authentic source; as follows: 

"Tho Sichorheltsdienst as the intelligence service 

of the national Socialist Party has, abo e all, the 

talk of exploring and keeping watch over all forces, 

events, and facts which are of Important for the 

continued rule of.the National Socialist Idea and 

Ilovoment within the (Soman space (Ira deu EC ion Räume) 0 

In support of the wor:: of the Sicherheit poU.zel to 

render the German national Order (di^ de tsîhe 

Volksordnung) secure against disturbance and d.estruc- 

1. Heinrich UIEUUT, -4° ::ohtttastagigl. p.29. ,.,„ 

2. ..est, cp.cvt., p. W ^ _ SECOT

tion of all kinds, the S.Lchsrheitsdienst hn s to k« 

a watch on all spheres of activities of the De 

people with regard to the activities of th« i'c of 

our opponents and to the effectiveness of governmental 

and political measures, md to inform the governmental 

authorities and the Party offices about its findings» 

Finally* the SI) has to investigate and to explore the 

activities and the connections of the grea alogical 

arch-ononiea (Todfeindo) of national Sdc Lai . id of 

the Gerraan people, in order to render possible a pur 

poseful (zlelbewusste) aid effective fight gainst then^" 

However, it was the Chief cf tha f.D, Reinhard lie; 1, v/ho 

defined the 3T)«s functions anc, activities In the mo3t succinct 

and the nost revealing fashion. He epitomized then as follows:1 

"To understand 'che opponent completely from the ancle 

of his ideology, to recognize and to defcect by moans 

of criminology his fori: of organization ar;i his personnel,, 

and finally to fight hira systematically, to destroy him, 

to paralyze hira, and iiminate (ausschalten) him v/ith 

the help of executive power." 

Ileydrich's definition points to espione.gt3 as m3ic 

function of the St. Study of Ant Itl of the Rîcna.aJLchejt'holtaaupjt- 

amt (RSKA) within the RoichsfÜhrung SS, successor bo the old SD~ 

1. Article In Die Deutsche Polizei, quoted above« 

i 

;CRET

ant and operational headquarters cf the SD, g ar 

Indication of the scope of acti- ities assigned to he SD. The 

title of the office "Deutsche L^bensgeb !•? te'' (Germx Spheres of 

Life) suggests the nultitude of .function;} Involved 7.a all 

spheres of political, economic, cultural,.local, illltary 

controls and opera-ions, the jurisdiction and risibility 

of the SD war .vell-nlgh all-inc usive» auporvi-ed R net 

work of espionage in which practically all agencie , public 

and private, and every single Individual inside Gevcany and a 

subs .antial nuTiber abroad, were enmeshed.. No publ .c authority, 

including the Government, no organisation, Including tlie Nazi 

Party, the SS, and the Gestapo s and no inc.ividual, including TIazi 

leaders, were exempt from investigation and dencun emont by SD 

agentso 

Little loub': can be entertained tliat It was the officioncy, 

smoothness, end thoroughness of trie SD machine v counted 

substantially for the rise of IE rar.iler and for the ainance 

of the SS over German public and private life* SD agiuits fore: 

thair way into the school system, cultural pursuit • id entertain 

ment. propaganda, ";he churches, the law, the military r.dainlstra- 

tlon and military intelligence, the Goverr.nenx;, th lce3 labor 

(par icularly foreign labor), production, supply, and rorelgn 

trade, food ani agriculture, transportation and co:5r.nraications, 

the Administration of occupied r.erri torlos, etc, . ta, so- 

called Lageberichte, submitted by SD agents as a r of their. 

findings, foimod the basis for iegal, administrative, judicial, 

ECRST

—ob— 

je, or propaganda action, P:*6ssur- und Yebolerlas&" (Night and 

Fog Ddict)o r .'his edict authorized the secret tri o Germany 

^sons on trial before isilitary courts in occupied areas, 

vhen it was thought that such trials mi(ht endanj security 

of the Reich",, Recommendation, for the deport a ti< 3h 

persons again originated with the SD» 

SECRT3T

57 - 

(b) Intelligence (foreign)« paramilitary ar I military 

espionege and sabotage.-, A vei.lad edBUsfifn 

talligence functions including or„ at bordering 

on military espionage was cco-cained in I aydrioh 9 « 

1 

statement^ in whi ;h the Chief of the SU an 0 . 

stated» 

"• • Siohevhj>itspolig«! and SD had to prepare 

the solution >f the next parts of tl its f-nd oomplexas 

of work assigied them^. La«, aspecit l*y political« 

semi-scientific preparations for th« o and 

punishment of those opponents who, following Kng=> 

land's leadership, took part in the plant of en- 

oirilement and annihilation,, i >e >3d Austria, 

CsechosXovakia, Poland,, and the oth« r vassals of 

Englandr Here specifically„ the Führer had ordered 

the SS and the Police (especially ths Sichorheitspollsei 

and the SD) to take over after the military had com 

pleted their aisaion,, the task of establishing« 

politically and ideologically, the ity of these 

new spacer. 

What is called here the establishment, oi tecurity in areas 

outside Germany fatsequent ta military action wus actually 

the exploitation post factum,, not mere"/ of military 

1 : '• Quoted above. 

SECRET

68 - 

conquest but of e jpicnage and Infiltrat rtioe carried 

cut preparatory to nilitar/ occupation a the work 

of ft large number of Government., Farty li&ted or 

P.trty'sponsored a ;e-icies and organisation«, . ?hieh tha 

SD pi ay ad a prosai lent part > 

However^ S& * j .p.c.aag© activities w»rv ad 

t J immediate targets of military ftggrr. They were the 

faithful accompan .zrsnt of ?Iasf. infiltration in ron-Gensaa 

torritories and g lined enhanood importer ;e wherever overt 

or clandestine mi.litaTy"~ 1 sraticn was part J plan.. E 

d mce has beert «stabliahed of the active participation of 

leading personalities of the SD in the Spanien Civil Yiar 

A list of so-cail ad ''frrdens?o.-'sghlagt", i e , recommend»* 

tôns for receipt of decoration^ of pernors »ho diatinquished 

t'lemselvee by the a.ctive support they gt n tha Franco regime 

iü its attempt to establish i ;eslf by contdns ths 

following names: 

Reinhard Heydrichj SSC ruppeof uhrcr da:--- Sicherheitapolitei 

und dee 

Bruno Strecker o£.ch„ SS frrigadofuhrar .-,. Qen^ Maj« der 

^Frtl zai beim Ch"t £ Zo£ .Sl^cneriiettspol 

Ttea. unddes SDj, 3f Iy Berlin 

Huge Goppelt Srimiralrat^ Stjapt.l:.z

3 - 

Willi Link« Kriminal aterseks-etar 

•» 

Paul Pietsch Kriminalabersekreter 

Johannes Athen Kriminalackrotar 

Heinrich Radtm»,kir Krimrtnaloberaasigtmt 

Hliderich Hi] 1 r » Kriminaiobera8e:i6t >nb 

Gustav König a,pl» Krärainalasaiat. mc 

In support of the recommendations,, the following reasons 

are listed: 

re Heydrich: "> ntler the resolute personi'. guidance of 

Ghef of the Si oherhi»itspoli zei and 

', the fir^t tactical act:one (Einsät - 

sktIonen) of the seour:.tj police were 

«xjouted i*or Spain." 

• re Streckenbacb i w Sto pushed through Jxt Spanientransiport^ 

(presumably tranapo ta oC troops and 

auppliea) during th .llegal pisrioc 

re Goppelts "Ijcumination., for soourity reasons,, of 

e.Tnans from Spain and r *r a;enent for their 

transportation to Germany " 

re Barth« "'f eourity Police officia attached to JC 

'Gorman Military Intelligence in the Field)j 

captain of the Spanish Militia. 

re Linke, Piet£eh> | "Took over So Bastian prisoners 

Athsnt Radeuaker«; from the Spanis military l) 

Killers', Koadg J authorities?" 

•'or details. See OSS(J LS-224

70.- 

In the years preceding tite outbreak of the wara and 

particularly during the war. the SS began to build up,, 

piece by piece,-, en eepicntge service of i . This 

service was no Longer confined to pol: intelligence 

inside Germany xr to pest^hostilities fc.eliigence in 

German occupied cr annexed :;erritoriet. but ttü^began to 

duplicate,, to a considerable extent^ tho es pionage and 

oounterêspioncjt branches of the Gen « .raed Forces., trith 

regard to enemy targets AU the beginning of the war the 

demarcation l^ns between this jurisdictinn of the Abwehr 

(the military intelligence service of the 0K?ij and the SD 

appears to have been clear cut: In faotv cooperation 

batweon Abtsiiuig I (oecticn I) of th«. ind Amt VI 

of the RSHA -joeipie to have been devoid oi major friotion- 

Gradually,, however, a state of competition developed 

between Ahfc*-U} n/£ H-, of the Abwehr an Amt VI of the RSHA 

with other sections,; e^,, Abteilung I and II- also, being 

drawn into the o inflict £b*fiilSg i ° ? tl * Abwehr was in 

charge of espic nnge„ Abteilung II in charge of foreign 

minorities and active sabotage,, and Aj-teilung III in charge 

of Counter-espionage, Amt VI of the PSUA, called 'Rußland 0 ,, 

was the foreign branch of the £ 1 ' Intel li.gonc© service con 

cerned with espionage,, eabo-cage/; counter-nppionage ar>.d 

subversive activities in ea-'sellite. end enemy c'oun 

triesy This wa3 done through official diplomatic chanr 

SECRET

- 71 - 

orj in neutral comtxies,, through politic *illance 

of local German groups and institutions,, through the 

or 

support of partie-i useful for German pur-»cs^s,/through 

contact with tht oial polios, etc. A typical example 

of the scope anc nature of tie activities or Amt VI is 

the reported procurement of i photostatic cop/ of the 

Teheran agreement shortly after the conclusion of the 

conference l) Graduallye however, it b gir to organise 

sabotage groups aid commandos in support of military 

operations» Out of these units there de-eloped the so-- 

called VB Jagdrer) ande (SS Raiding Üetacmsivbü) under the 

n 

command of SS Stm• bannfuhror Otto Skorxeny which was 

responsible for tie liberation of Muesol 1943, 

Th» SS JajBdyerbanC'.a grew in importanae a v d finallyp absorbed 

parts of the Divif ion Brandenburg,, t. sabotage outfit of 

the regular Army In 7.944. ths Abwehr w .s dissolved 

Tha OKW retained the rather inaignifioant ^jpt; gruppe 

Ausland j but Abteilung I 11, and 131 pat sod ";o the RSHA. 

Abteilung I and II formed the so-called liäisi Tische Amt D t 

a newoffice withir. the RSHAi Abteilung III appears to have 

been split betweer the Amt IV (Gestapo) r VI of the 

RSHA-. The absorption of the Abwehr by the 30 culminated If. 

a development which not only made the SD the only intelli 

gence service of importance inside Germany but. also eateblishc 

IJ ~ÖSS*ôcument XL3746 

SECRET

ho SS B not E 3rei(. 

in military affii.-e as welle 

(2) S|ecial functions am specific targets., 

(a) ônbatting Intcr-i: .1 opponents 

The ultiiiate objective, according; to Hey&rlch, 

was "to guard the internal security of the Rale] iray 

of prevent! :&.* n Actually, bhe definition, quot< dal ovo, 

plied the execution of a program which went £i r beyonj 

the preliminary stage of espionage and Investigation and 

• eventually included supervision of, if not par ation 

in, the physical annihilation of the political cr 

Litary opposition. Information received on J ; 

execution of partisans an< bors of the Allle 

military forces by the SD fully bear out this conclusion« 

Heydrlch himself described the tasks carried ou alive- 

1} by the Silo and r \& 3D as follows: 

* 

#

i. ~ SEC. 

'"Tht.taale and the demands given to i she rheit spoil zed 

• I I III IIII II r 

and Si-' were in ncjordance with historical developments,, met 

by stages , fhe f • ret of theso 6tages v/s-5 devoted to est 

shing intern« t security in the Old R*i3/ ,. through all 

necessary means aid measures-. rhesa included the singli 

out and attacking of Jews i.r order - an Has almost been 

achieved already » to force tlieaj to emigrate; che dissoli 

of all parties hostile to the state (among them all com*. 

g aged organizations,, such as tne Communirt.», Free Masons^ 

Rotary Clubs, and church affiliated you -mi.zatlons 

the supervision of "immigranttt" (refugees who came to the 

Loh from other countries end -who are not sx-.fxm definitely 

to be friendly to the Reich)* the persecul ion of emigres 

(political opponents who fled abroad)& i .y ; the 

ferreting out and euprescion of sabotage., terrorism and 

espionage as well as the organization of r. >-* liable fron' 

f. 

police' - *' Theyals.3 included all measurer taken «gainst 

individuals and organizations who opposed the new funds- 

mental concepts of the Germtn people's community and family 

CiL In short, the SP played ahse.ding role ir h.i preparation 

end„ perhaps, the execution o.? domestic perpetrated 

against racial minorities,, political opponents< churches 

atsd clergy,., and ail other groups and individuals which the 

SDj on the strength of their "fundamental exposition" de 

cL-x^l to be politically undesirable i. ji©0e of evidence 

SECIET 

n

- 7 4 - 

in point ie a circular by Heyd:-ioh dated 3 Nov©:; 

8 which ordered the ill-£uüsitä action* t.g -..he 

Je-xBc especially steinst their synagogue* 3 

"it rcccsn~ 

mendedB explicit ty ^ the employment cf SD agents for the 

execution of these measuresa l) 

For the SiPo and the SD "thi second •tafje" began during 

the WRT. Tkithin the Reioh the 8B, by dec roe of IS August 

1942s was empowerel to inform Uovernment authorities on 

popular reactions cc all official measures t*l e This 

led to a give-and' like procedure between 3D ox the one 

side,, and Administrttion and Judiciary- oi ths other., 

(b) Elimination of enemies abroad •> In connection with tho 

war effort itself.. the SDe in sooperatioi \

75 - 

-j reapprehensica of thousands of dischargee Polish 

crimfcnalSj," and,, lu-allyi. upon the orders of lijrmler 

in hio capacity at Reich CuipdsBioner SOT the Consolidation 

of German Folkdca, "the gr*at. task of st. e:'ing and trans» 

porting ^'Steuerung und Verbringung") tkoee alien peoples 

V 

{Fremdpjkischer Krafti) which were required, to 'evacuate 

those spaces for the reception of the et* rcifens 

(Volksdeutsche) who faithfully return This is quite 

obviously a reference to the oompulsory 'JVACU tion and 

deportation of foreign populations for pv.rooses of slave 

labor or iriholesel«; erbermixiatior? Those displacements 

were carried out inder the auspices o? the J'.e Lchskommissar 

fur die Festigung dos Deutlichen Volkstum.-?;, th^ y olksdouts -she 

Mittelstelle.; trd other agonies.-, k particularly shockin» 

example of the treatment of prisoners he .d by the SiPo and 

3D in the Government General is containe . u. order of 20 

July 1944 issued by Commander of SiPo e Radcm^ 

IX liner., who stat 

"I again r.trrsr, the fac'; .that the number of inmates 

of the SiPo aid SD prisons must be kopt as low as 

possible In the presont situation particularly 

suspects handed over by the OrPo (Order Folioe) need 

only be subje^tad to a shorty formal in ;errogationc 

so long as thore are no serious grounds for suspicion- 

They are then to be' sent by the quickest route to a 

concentration campe should no court ;>rooe«din£s be , 

necessary :>uld thara be no question of discharge

- 76 - 

PleaseB keep tie number of discharges to au absolut* 

minimum. Shoujd the situation at che front neces* 

täte thisi ear; y preparations are to >e r ad© ;'cr the 

total clearance of prisonr;. In a sudden emergency, 

which preoludef the evacuation of the prisoners,, they 

are to be liquidated and the bodies d spos'jd of as far 

as possible (burning* dynamiting of t: e 1 abiding» etc )- 

In similar circumstances «lairs still employed in the 

armament industry or on other •work ar to >e dealt 

with in the sane way ; 

It is to be a-.oi.ti.eil under all 

circumstances that prisoners or Jews should be libera 

ted by the enesy; whethor it be th lam }•'

77 - 

fore©-? in the fJ ght agshr.t partisa.1; is openly 

admitted in official publications of t. a SiPo and SDc 

For instance^- ai article in Die Pousse e Polizei which 

appeared under the title oi 1 "The Mask >f the Soviet 

Bandits" confceiiod the following statement] l) 

"Whenever th« German Carorunique for tie Armed Forces 

mentions explicitly ';ho struggle o knnihllfttion 

against Soviet Banditry in the rer. ur fronts 

it is don* • artly to pay military tribute to the 

brave oonc.u t of the mat. of the Si •harhjitspoi.iaei,, 

v • —•• iw ^ i i i mmmmâ 

of the WJ^ of the âff^L ££' 9Xii ° ' thd Ärn V- • 

"It was not especially iwtounding t iat there were 

among tho (:tative) population, men rend/ to parti 

cipate in the fight igainst the be idit terror and 

to place themselves at the disposet or the units 

which werf mgagod in the combat eêinst these bandits, 

9-gê Si one -heltapoligei and SD* V atrnaahtp WaffenSS 

and Ordra>i\g ipoliafc A.a organisation for seif 

ig rotection* established by the Sic lerhe itspolizei 

and SD is n m called th*> Ordnungac len-it (Order Samioe) 

abbro OD- Ct re ostly en itself .«Its task 

as a sor; oT auxiliary police consists nainly in guard 

duty o0o* 

Not in all instances was tho task cf 1 tive battalior 

as innoouous'as would appear from thif statement0 In Italj 

80~called "Blacx Brigades" .were formec i'roir Muti Battalion* 

1, Die Deutschj Pollaei» No. 4f Berlin, Jf February 1944 

SECRET

78 

with the aim of »ounding up nonpower i a Germa 

and, in addition a-iding the Gemana i. nat 

the Partisans, 'ugitivos fmm the sou 

they were, like ;h'e SD, mostly ruth lee? ere Of. 

eially they were under the auspices oi 3.*?cist 

Republican Pertj & actually« they were fully controlled 

by the SD Commirder in etch province» functioning as Chiof 

of ouch Fascist formations in his area &D offioers and 

NCO's took part in important operation executed by these 

troops a Those i.rrested by the Black B iêdos were trans 

ferreu to SD qur rtere,, if the seriousn si of the ce.se 

warranted it ) According to orders y Einatler, the Chief 

of tho SiPo and SI) ««id the local Comma dn 'tern given 

authority to participate in decisions aonceming individual 

executions or o< l^.eotive reprisals aga nit io»called 

FretodYolkicche 4 alien nationals) in th jourse of operation! 

described abo?e, or independent of sue . ons 2) ' 

\C' Liquidation o;.' Allied Ccaaiandoe, pi.riclTitists» and .file] 

In 1942,, howevei , the SD; upon persona order of Hitler, 

was given a new assignment., the execut.o'o. o;' *hich conr 

tuted a flagranl violet ion cf international law; On 18 

October 1942; Hitler decreed ths.t "all «any troops encoun 

tered by German troops during so~calle i soanando .operations 

in Europe or Africa0 though they may appear to be soldiers 

1, of:, interrogation of Giuseppe (Don Cornalio) Blonde 

SD Verona agent* on Tile with OSS X2) 

2 0£S Document» CID 12o976% quoting '.inmlsr's orders of 

1 and 4 November 3.944? see below 

SECRET

-• 79 - 

in uniform or demolition groups« armed or unarmed,, are 

to be exterminated to the last man« eithrr i.i combat or 

in pursuit*" Members of suoh units were bo be handed 

ovar to the Sicherheitsdienst "withoit delay', An. 

order of 10 October 1944 extended .the application to incl 

"all members of terrorist and saboteur be acietl including 

(o;i general prinsi'plej all parachutists encountered outai 

tho immediate capiat r.one" and demanded their immediate 

execution,, Again it was stipulat«d that "in tpocial oae©^ 

th'jy are to be turned over tc ';he SD (Sicherheitsdienst) - 

The order was explained in detail in en executive order by 

Jell (WSt)„ atticied to Hitlers order«, /üaple evidence 

has been received chat the orders were carried out to the 

leiter by members of the SS in cooperkti. .i -»'h the Armed 

Forces* the moßt important incidents in point are the 

"Ginny" aase; 2) the cases of Captein Ro. a Ruger Littlejohn, 

Sgto CrowjLey and Cherles Cc Parker| 3) tie once of Captain 

Roderick So Halls 4) the De.wee caaec 6) und othersc V«hen 

in 1944;, Allied air attacke on German ta; g

- 00 ~ 

outside of Gormtn; proper, grew in intensitys Allied 

f .iers who parach xted to earth or who were shot down 

i;i their planes bit reached the ground safely began 

t> shcra the fa;e of ocsmnandoti and parachutists even 

though Hitler's original order of 18 Oetote* 1942 had 

exempted from the threat of eKterminatie x "aviators who 

h;we bailed .out to save thuir lives duri ig «erial combat." 

The participation of the Si or 3D took t >s -> passive 

and activeo Acoo 'ding to the testimony rf nuthentio sources,, 

a »acre; order ljy Hiirmler about the middie of 1944 prohi 

bited the polico fro« interfering w.th s.;iy outrages commit" 

tod by the population against Allied fliars «fter landing., 

Tids order was interpreted by the regionxl )bief of the 

S:'Po and SD as to mean thatc on the appearance of ©nemy 

fjierso arrests w >re to be delayed ao that Sicilians could 

a tack the fliers without affioial intervention In 

audition, SS3 i e $ possible SDa members ee< : m to have been 

given freedom to participate in the slaying of allied fliers 

Substantial evidence is available to bee: uy these charges,- ' 

T See interroga • ion of RSSPt Benno Margin axd of Police 

Councillor fc-si Teichiiann, CSS document CL 1114S 

2 See statement «by HSSPf Benno Martin, 08S iooumßnt XL 

11148,, concerning the killing of Aarri Ci:n airmnn by 

German polioenenn See alto the case reported in OSS 

#A 44351; als* the cas-s of Stichling , 0.-t»gruppenloitar 

of Gernsbach,, on file **ith OSS (X2) 'JSTaimd ¥8. 15797"" 

4 July 1945; estimony of PW Hans Be ~th (3Hr7l717) 

oitod in Report PM 000,5a 16 May 194i (under IS) on file 

with WCCj roport by Lt, Col„ Stubble.isld based on 

testimony by liajor Fr« Kirnbauer,, Burse"• Aid Lottie 

TauberB and Chief Surgson Dr0 Ketsler, on file with 0SSc 

#1413| report by Robert Perry on file wita 0SSs dooumsnt 

01218.

ioOoj long before custody over prisoners en 

transferred to Hiimlerv SiPo end SD ccsanu a in agree 

ment with the OK{fi organized recoiled n l ineai-tkommandcs" 

(social commandos) who war© distributed through FY cap 

Thair task consisted **of the political testing of all in=> 

mases of the cam:>0 the selection and further ireatatent cf 

a) political,) criminal.,, or in «xny speciaj uani.er undesirable 

elementsj b) any Aieividual rho can be utilized for the 

reconstruction of acoupied areaso" Reporte on findings 

were to bo sent tö the Ralchsaicherheitsi aupttmt (RSHA" 

Reioh Security Ma.ii Office) for further instructions« 

Prisoners oould than be handed ovur to tie carmandoss if 

so indicated by th see instructions, From thar. on the PW 

wa» at the mercy of the SS0 H^ could evtl bs executed « 

• 

though this was not to take plE>ce in the camp or in its 

immediate vicinity After Bimmler in Octcber 1944 

had boon put in charge of all PW affairs, conditions ir 

canps appear to ha/e deteriorated ever, further« &apla 

evidence could be provided by Allied PW 9 £ released or 

fr-»ed during Oeman captivity * To *hat extent SD agents 

£u-2q& '"' • G*to*VD Jeoexiibor offensive 1944 *ere responsible 

for the killing of Allied PW 9 s prior to their transfer 

IV. Document oap-i;u~ed at Bad Svilta oontai ling "Instruct!o 

for Ocmmandot: if Chief oi Sioherheite >cl Ljei and SD 

stationed in S CALAGS" or l" July 1941 Tön file with 

OSS (ZZ)0 avsd Labia iii Document Soot ion of X«*2 War 

Room in London 

2, For specific instances of IIa«i brutality in Hf hospitals 

see reports by Roland,, So, PW1S (E)/s 7462^ OSS documont 

4

- 32"- 

to a JW camp i.: not yet fully establish but may b© 

ascertained through testimony of Germar Ff?'a ^rho parti 

cipated in the A *d et mos offensive o Rs> itave boon 

recoiVuti that the l&QP .Panzer feriga-ie^ t eaoctage uo 

under the SD ccarnand^, had e. 'Vital part is© opera= 

tionso 

Cf) Fost^nrar und aground activities? Lt appears 

that SD agents w?re given a siajor part ir tiho organisation 

und execution of subversive activities aftsz the end of 

hostilities in Europe* Amt XII and VI of it e KSHA,, both 

in charge of SD operations, have been mentioned as the 

planning and organising agencies for pest-^rer hostilities-, 

/ant IIIS under the direction of SS»Gruppcrtfyhrer Chlendorf 

is reported to have prepared a wideeprrac. iifonnstion scr 

vice.? divided into four geographical aootioi.s end operated 

by a network of reliable agents of varr'.ovis rationalities 

;*he information tethered by them was tt; for» the basis for 

che organisation of terroiem and eabott ige by picked groups« 

Amt II g Section 3 under Ctto Skor*eny0 «as to supply 

sabotage materials (and presumably ngertn) for the ^gnroif " 

SD agents reportedly were picked to stiy behind Allied linee 

as informers and presumably as saboteurs PS well- 

# 

1-; In this connection see Order by Bctf : Miner, quoted 

above on file -with OSS (12) 

2, See Intelligence Report issued by ihn Intelligence 

Division Office of the Chief of Naval Operations^ Havy 

Department„ 25 June 19450 OSS XL 1207S , alec statement 

by Ogruf. Martin, OSS XL 1114S 

3.. Cf o report en the interrogation of S f < Htluptsturmfuhrer 

Kurt Hennings*. OüS docutssnt XLXQ4Q? 

M 

SECRET

Seme o.f them appscr to belong bo the BO»calle(3 "Aktion 

Bundschuh"0 an outfit orgarir.ed to meint .Legal 

oemmunications and to carry out espioneg jabotage 

activities SD ageita are likewise suid 3 been 

put in anry unif ar?ar in order bo be able upon release 

tc engage in subversive activities under false identity. 

Funot:\c3s\ £ smmand., The national controls cf the BD were located in 

the_ Reioha.licherjtiaitshauptomt (R8HA)O Amt^jî Leutticli' 7 3g;sbiete 

\Ceraan. Spheres of Llfs),, undor £ S-Briâdeif uhrer Ohlimd r..',, 1 and led the 

principal functions of the SD(, i eo, intelligence outside Oermany ©xxd„ 

to seme «octant« in oooupied Euroj•«„ wad wee aleo the Re.'oh control offico 

for all' reîorißl sub-diviBxons of tho SS :

34 - SECK 

;he S.J Wiia controlled by th« re.Cohâhaber {Inspekteur) dar S•ichor« 

helfespoliaal una de? SD (BdS-Cccanander (Inspector) of the Security 

Police aad the Secu.-ity Service) -afco was directly responsible to 

the gohejê SS und Poli.z,oi Fuhrer (HSSPf-Higher 86 and Police Leader) 

within each Wehrkreis (Militaiy district) The IdS was the psraanent 

deputy of the HSSPf and, through the ESSPf„ was responsible for liaison 

between 3iPo enti SD on the one hand, and governnu.nt authorities and 

Sfesi Party and nilitary officials» on the other, Che term n Befehl» 

sha'ber" (commtnder) ia in uto for SiPc and SD'officer« in occupied 

and frontier areas whose functions£ owing to the astivities of 

i 

pitrti sen forces were of a s«m:.=>Tailitary natnre The execution of 

punitive actions against part:, sen forces and of collective reprisals 

» •» 

bucua en«, of the sajor responsibilities of the :JdSc Altogether th® 

p

- (35 - 

supervision included the roconmendati on to the HSSPf of exöoutions 

of so» "Framdvolkie »ign natio: id, In the 

absence of th« HSfiPfj, the right to order fcuch executions on the 

exclusive authority of the Fdf» (idS) By means o the same token 

the B'iS (idS) had the power to initi(>t>; ora et substitute for the 

HSSPf, to order the afor

Rest WehgkreJs VI 

'(jJUC89:-.'fforf ) 

n 

Sud 

H 

Südost 

TKehrkreia VII 

Yiahrkroia Till 

(Btresli u^ 

Fulda 4' er &a Yiehrkrei s IX 

IKasseXJ 

Nordsee SS~frrigf.. YJehrkr 3: s X 

lütte Wehrkreis XI 

(Braunschweig) 

Rheinêf tmark YTehrkrai 6 XII 

iTTiaebVdan) 

inol - Luxembourg 

"..nfchr U gen-A". estmark" 

Hain 

Donau 

Alpen1 

Woichsol 

Wartha 

YTehrkre: a XIII 

' (luiiTjbi rg) 

W.ehrkre: a XVII 

(V'iernrT 

VJehrkrer.e XVIII 

(Saltburg) 

Wehrkreis XX 

(DanHg; 

Wehrkreis XXI 

(.Posen) 

Böhme a und Mahren Bohmor. und Mahren 

(Pragu«-») 

86 SE 

SS Standf. Mbath 

( ortis -ly 

1 u 

SS 0, Pöul Sohmiti 

SS S Buhne 

SS -Ssendf •> ijovcnsiepen 

formerly SS«-Stan

Ganer&l Government 

(Xrakau) 

Nord (Korwey I 

Hordwa'; (Hath«rlaids) 

Ukraine 

Ostland 

7 - aiT 

SS- ytmrt Eiarkamp (f< 

")rig£r Eberhard 

kh or garth 

S8-3tamd1 iß 

SS Ebarhard 

aicngarth (formerly 

• SS«Erigf •. Harst^: 

LS -Ibarf Naumann) 

SS--i-:.a:ac£. Böhme 

SS' Qktbi - Fuchs (f 

«Oberf Achamo 

jrf SS"Standfe 

Kcmxinger) 

Additional MS in territories annexed or occupied by Gaiaiany were the 

followlngs ' 

Territory 

lieomark 

(Co;)e:oli3.ge:a) 

Serbia 

(Belgrad) 

Frtsnc'» 

(Pa-is) 

Belgium 

(Bmesels) 

Hunga-y 

(Budapest) 

Italy 

(Verona) 

.13 (Id£.) 

oS-Stantf, Bovai sicpen 

88~0bwf < 1 . Shafer 

-tenclT Knocl.en 

3S-0£tbfo Ehlerr 

tantlf o H."U38 Geschke 

S b «--Brlgi?o Earater

-, 38 5BK 

The headqua-tare of the Bdü ^XuS) appear to have teen o: d on the 

iol. of the ESBAo This at; )ea»t T a« true of KQ»s in oc csrritoricB 

imero the taaka of, the slPo and S ü änsro extonaiire anci uon; l.„ca ;ed. Within 

Somany* Uie apj.ars.tua IK'B probatIJ on a aouievhat amaller aeal 

(E) Hegjiona.1 euh-ulri8'one . 

(a) Insida Gonaa.3;y. Inside Uemany the eu—liT/f.aiens sub 

ordinate to the Bds> (Ida) were Ä8S3lailared originally -co •ere.bayhni'ct» 

(uiistricta) ma Abeohnitse (Svfc-iJistricta) of tho Allee '.S. This 

r-on» homrver« waa abandoned in Javor of en organiza-do:. 'ö-.i-L .»iTSE-bat nnitte (si» Uietaict HQ) Kj>»Abeohnitte s;) öub-üistrict 

&}} ai>»>laupt-iUBFenctal?.gn (SD Main K.elc, Office) end SiJ-A* & '.imtellea (öD J

aj> Leitabs clinitte (Cont'd) 

»n 

Prf.g . 

Roioheriborg 

Stettin 

Stuttgart 

Wien 

- U9 sac 

S';WA 3_ii üX.ttO (Con1 

Dort auras 

Frari fut a.Me 

Kran:cfurt a.O 

Gras 

Hallo ud o 

TIjhe 

Inns ruk 

K'trl b.u 

Kaoa 1 

K&ttnu 

Kiel 

Klag nrrHirt 

Kohl «3 

Köln 

Leip i* 

Liegd 

Linz 

Ljtz: m-uia jadt 

Lanejurg 

NJUS rait i.d,Wo 

N-ûa »tt±ra 

ffurn'ft 

Oppe JI 

Puts iaa 

ail a >urg 

Sot 

Sileit 

y.ior.x 

Jrop ma 

Vtoiic'u- 

Wars JU 

In 1944, there wore altogether 17 S >»Leitabschnitte and 27 äli-Abaottnitte 

in greater Germany« Gradually, areas controlled by isD h jaclquarters canto 

'•;o be identified with the Gaue &nd Kreise af the ?&rtyr rer'iape as a re° 

• i mi^—i m II Ml « IM 1 I 

suit of the increasingly close cooperation between Su c^fioers on the 

one hand, and Gauleiter„ Kreieleiter,, and Ortsgurppenlei xr of the Par 

The Gauleiter,, as the highest Party official tdthin the Jau., svas in a 

sense, the Puriy auporior cf th

- 90 - SECRET 

specific jaisSiona \;Q -che lattero While thiajprao-Gi»o0 in E. number of 

instanoet., rra; have established tho joinplicity of the Gauleiter for 

actions oxacu ed by üii'o and SD, It did not seriously affect the chain 

of command id -hin either fiiPo or Si)P v?hich extended from the Chiof of 

SiPo and SD w -chin tho RSltt. to tho DiS (Ids) and from there to the 

Leiter (Chief) of the Sr-Lsitabschnibt» S^-Aberhnitt0 • etc« 

SP»Lsitabsoh:aitte wora established, in gar oral, in th>3 sane 

locality as tie Sta.po«Ij6dtstelle to facilitate Cooperation between ähe 

two offices - They wore rasponsiblo for all SD affairs sdthin their sphere 

of juris lie-;i;m. The Lfdter_ reoei/cd hism-den fror, vjid reported to, 

tho RSHfi., alt lough in mt.tters of supesvision and coordination he was 

Bubordinite to the BdS (Ids) as his immediate -dmin: straidTo superioru 

In general, tho 3dS„ vho wafiresponsib!© for both SiPo and 3D services, 

•aas tsken fron the ranks of the SD* 

SP«*Abschnitte were us ually established in the 3.ooality of 

the corraepox iing Stapo-Stgllae Thoy ware, however, not subordinate to 

tho siMLer.tat sohnitt within the samo area, but cone bitufcid an independent 

agency responsible to the F.SHA or the BdS (ldf!)e respectively. Howevers 

as the tore important agency within tie area, with larger filosmd a 

larger staff the SP^Leitabaohnitt frequently funotionod es a guiding 

aad coordinating agoncy ?dth power x> issue directives in order to 

guarantee uniformity of prooedurec and actions and to pravent duplication 

of offort» 

SD^Hauptaus sens teilen and SD~Auasenateilen were local branoh 

offices of the S^ established to on3ure full coverage of intelligence 

matter» down to the smallest geographical unit. Tha difference between 

SBCSES

oth %s cau o£ EXEet, Both act3c f.s th9 lc ml listening poets for tho 

SD~Lo.i uitte and SD-Abschnitto and both «ere administratively oub- 

s 

ordinate i > the SD»(Leit)~AbBohait}; ir. their areas. In I944t there were 

altogsthw 56 SD«=He.up t auseenatellen, and 556 SD-Auseens'ê 1 len in Greater 

Germany« lowaver» during the wax t^nd particularly curing the German 

retrevt., a large nistber of SD-Absol ritte were doungraêd to become SD~ 

Ausee ast-jl len-. 

In addition to the system of regional tnd local agendas, 

the S3 (niintailnod a vast networic of Individual agents to spy on praoti» 

cally every household in the last (iemaa haslete, Thesj agents were 

regular Full-tia* Kenb3rs of tha Sit and iter3 assisted by honorary members« 

Both full« bins and honorary age at a controllod and dir«c ;ed the work of so- 

called Btto mooter (obsarvers)» i.*&c9 spies placed in factories, offices,, 

and even f urtr/ organizations, including the 3S itself; so-called Vert» 

rauoninaor. 3r (oonfidentlal egents.) vt\o received their orders frox, end 

reporxd \ •>> the Beobachter; end s, 

generally naployed on a tempore rj laais only» to secure certain specific 

items cf i iformation. 

(t) Outside C-erguuiy. Outaid any* regional headqutrtsrs 

of th> S) >ocisicnal?.y formed breach offices, i*va0 Aua \es!±'.'jL±:îloB {'fir 

CojBaanisL) c* AussenEtullea (Gutpoet*:)« In genera?., höherer, -che major ad- 

mini strative burden una oarried oy ihe combined HQ of EiPo and SDo In 

contra it -c the situation outside Germany, SD activity ia occupied Europe 

had more of a field~-ope -rational aeture, tilth omphr.sie en sexai-mLlix-ary 

action^ rand was oarried out, usunlly, in covabinod ocnoajxda of SiPo and S.30 

SEC]

- 92 - RET 

The deaigna-fcior 0 Tor theea units varied e.ocoixling to siê* local«« 

md asaignioent« The largest was kiwi under tue name "SlPo upd fil>- 

Eiaaatggruppe^ and fins headed by o Chof. It covered praeu saoly a 

T»hole country snd VTLH sub-divided into SiPo }g»l SP Komaad g,, or aorno- 

tinoa Einsatakcnasandoa (Franco), enc headed by a KoraaaBieuv dtr SlPo 

undue« SD» The average strength cf such coranandoa was ?0 o BO nan« 

(c) Special Uni to» Tor spoci.'i? task's so-clied Sonderoin' 

aatskctaaondos (Spooitil Task Conaoandt a)« f:oEdor2rcaÊdoa_ { Cocraanda) „ 

Tei/JcomssusdOB'(Section CoraaandE?)s ard Kommandos ScbcV» (Co: ia%ndt* .

- 93 - m 

*• J2f£löi&iaa» ? ae gaffen-3S was net, as the nam *sts, the 

armed pert of tb? SS - all formations cf the SS ware armed and drained In 

use of arm*•„ Rather, the Waffen»-3S was a ftH-tiae tr.il: ormation 

of the SS which ms recruited, trains!, and orgemzed for cc-abat duty and 

employed in regular field operation.'';«, In term» of admlaisti'at i at j. tho Ijfff-ffey.-^S 

ras and remained a part of the S3, subset to tt© jur isdicti »- of the Eeicfca- 

fJlhgy^fr^S (SS Super amo Command),» In the field, hiarivar, for all strategical 

and tactical pursosae., Wafffen-SS units cams» under the cosmaxi of Gosajander- 

in-Chlef in chtr

- s4 ~ sssm. 

headquarter ir liuaioh, and this'la tunc. by the S^tandart« 3 "Qermanla,« . 

with barracks la Hamburg, JLrolsen, and Eadolfzell. Subseouent to the occu 

pation of Austria, the SSJi^^StiSL^^SSJbäBSS^ *

-95 - SECRET 

Its total membership in 193'? ~as 4-0,COD, organized in regi-laa ailitaryunit« 

When wer cime S3 Verfugmigatrxrogn, including %ri$$kpy,\e_~tjjndsp 

participated in the cevipaign in Poland, In the «inter cf 193 2/1 MO those 

r^giaisnts which had seen military e.c';i:>r were expanded lato l »igices and thea 

into regular divisions, the first of wiich became the SS Totc-ftopj Diyis.ion 

(later called tie SS Panzer Divis ion "Cotenxo^f' 1 )» It was th« that the 

military formations of the SS acquired a designation of their cwi, namely, 

Bewaffnete SS (laterally, Anted SS) aid finally %:t&*~ä§. (Cantoat SS). This 

was the begimüxg of a cumulative effort on the part of the K^S ifjPjbrung^SjS 

to Increase the volume of its combat uiits. Gradually* as thj w-ir went on 

exd nore and moxe neighboring county. «5 came into the Germar SB stan 

dards were relaxed to permit the recruitment of Volksdeutsche (ricial Germans), 

into the nuiJce of the y^&eji^S.. ^ hfl feffen-SS th*n e-ae?ged u ihe protago 

nist of tho 'Nordic" peoples, in ord

96 - 

on a fairly high level» The Waffen-Sü, in particular, becama the preferred 

outfit for fanatical Hitler Touth «ho had gone through Wehre; tu-:h:lgungslager 

(military fitneer. camps). (The SS i'auzsr Mvijlor, Hither J\?-mm «as es 

pecially preferred.) The Waffen-SS remained, noreover, the lies -trained 

and bost-equippec. lighting outfit of ,he German Amy. Its mura.-e was higher 

than that of the Army,, owing partly, no doubt, to the fact fiat S3 officers 

and Men, more th* increasing 

number of field c.i-isions. At the end of 1941 the» were six i visions, at 

the end of 1943 18, at the end of 194- lore than 30, 

lii. PtTPose and Functionen Nazi definitions of t'»e 'fe?fea-SS*s 

purpose were alwtys kept markedly vsgiie and inms. The recr dtnent booklet, 

"Dich ruft die SS n (The SS Calls Iov.); did not go much beyon.1 the definition 

which was valid for the /U^gfemairift £S except io eay i.hat "ties« armed units 

in barracks...owed their existence to the expansion of che \ f the 

1« Interrogation report, British Document, C.S.D.I.C, {U.K.• - 3.R.G.G. 317 

(C); on fil3 with OSS, XL 11923.

Allgemeine Sti to protect the Pflhret

" 90 " MM1 

in the fl -is a self-contained unit the independence of 

which was gu&ranteed "by it» liaving nn administrative conrianc separate fm 

that of the C-«-r?man Armed forces (the Heich3führung-SS), by laving an org- 

zation with Eenbership different from tast of the Armed Forces, and by main 

taining politi al obligations of a special and exclusive nature, as defined 

by Nasi doctrine fend SSst«.n< lards, 

The ,'£f£ en^^S's first and foremost put-pose —» participation in combat 

did not bee we evident until the outbreak of the war» Ag a matter of fact, 

«bile the m L] i arization of the

Both versions ;xplode«i vrhen tho 5£ marched into Poland, From tho;ä 

the military function oi* the W^fen^-ST? .remained undisputed. 1, reference to 

the SS in a epee?h by Hitler., on 26 April 1942, reaffirmed the military na 

ture of the W^fj;nrSS. Wnether it coiili be considered as an tdmission of 

initial intentions to create the Waff no -S3 for use in war, is at least open 

to conjecture, itler said: 

"In speaJAig of the infantry I should like to emphasize today 

for tha first time the jonsiston'; and exemplary bravery and 

tougltfms of my brave S;>-Divis.'.o is and SS-Police fo^-mations» 

I ha T- e regarded tham i*r»im the vary beginning (yon vorn« 

her,e;.n) as unshakeafclo iroops„ obedient,_loyalp and brrve in 

war ,.E i.h^y had pledged to be :JS paa c *«" j * 

The ind* pgndenoe of the SS as a paramilitary and., later, strictly 

military or^;a if z :tion was likewise the 3curce of much discuss.'on in militairj 

circles at ho« ; nd abroad. There can be little douta that tie German High 

'Comnand alwaya looked askance at the /jrowing power of the SS t.s a semi- 

military foreJ, The militarization of the SS in tho years preceding the wax 

was resented, t.s was the favoritism shorn the SS isith regard to the elaborate 

ness of their training and the quality of their equipment^ 2 

The war brought ths issus to a hsad. An alleged draft of 175,00J SS 

men into tho lam:d Forces confronted -hi ^jL>hsjj|hxTang-3S v7itl. possibility cf 

a total lot tatus and membership. The organization o~ tie Waffen-8S 

as a private uti of Himmler's saveo. boib» 

In the co xrse of the wr.r, nmtual resentment appears to have incr«»asoc 

p.-oportionc growing influencj of the SS within vha German High 

la Que; *L&l£kM n V» 3« 

2. See Embassy dispatch, quotod abov

- 100 - ggCRET 

Command* The IS.gradually developed £TW en r.rmy outside tha Army to aa 

army above the Amy. Xey potäiiions in the Army administration were occupied 

by high SS leaders, and ianortant field commands fell into the hands of SS 

general 3 SS did not rr.erg.5 with the Armyj its status as en independent 

unit remained untouch3d, 

The ind< p.ndence of the SS was anchored, in part, in U.e Decree of 17 

October 1939 2 «ml in «he subsequent Executive Decree of 17 April 1940« The 

Ministerial Council for the JJe.fense of the Reich stipulated in these decrees 

that member9 af ^he SSS including the SS Verfugungstruppen. »ere not sub.1 

to the Jurisdiction of the Supreme Corns ltd of the Armed Forces in matters 

perttlning to i.h3 jurisdiction of the Military Co;rts„ Instead, their oa 

ware to be cated in the lame of tie R^lchsfuhrer-SS by the Hgu£tam£ 

SS Gericht, s Hain Office within the SS Supreme Command. Apa:t from this, 

toe EafTeiWiS, by order or agreement, was subject to the SS Supreme Command 

ia matters of recruitment, training, organization, promotions, supplies, 

welfare, etc. >aa belcw). Only in matters of strategic or tactical employ 

ment in the field would the feffen-SS cone under the orders of the military 

commander within a give», sector of the front. In such instances, Tfaffen-ffi 

units would Ire incorporatea in the Armed Forces., The Allgggeine Heqrejr 

«itteiluneei of 21 June 1913 ? lowever, stated explicitly 'tint the subordina 

tion of SS -ir.Ite under Wehrmacht command was to be understood as a tempox 

arrangement only, Lasting no longer than the period during which SS or Police 

1. RGBl* put I, p. 2107, 

2. RGBl, parti, p. 65- 

S2CFET

- 101 - SECRET 

units were actually incorporated in the Wehrmachfr. Sueh faffen-SS contingents 

a» were incorporated often proved to br- a very difficult problem for the Army 

command from the standpoint of discipline. Arm/ group commanders complained 

about the lack of cooperation shewn by SS unit uorananders and about the 

bureaucratic obstacles which frustrated their attempts to snforce "ailitary 

dfs;ipline among SS troops under their commend. In other instances, e.g., 

in Italy, Army and SS commands appear to have coop&ruted smoothly and. success 

fully with the CorsTÄnder-in-Chief of the Army Group, who exercised undioputed 

authority over th«. regional SS officer«« 

iv. Orgjnig&tion,, The top coamand of the Waffen-SS was located 

within the various Main Offices of the Relchsfflhrurg-iSS. Although certain 

parts of the RF-S& appear to have been predominantly concerned with affaire 

of the Waffen-SS. no single Kain Of fie« ras exclusively responsible for the 

ifoffcn-SS or handled by itself its various admi list ret ive and organizational 

aspects. In ternui of aclmiwiatr-tlve structure and policies within the Relcha- 

fahrung-SS. the Tjfcffen~SS was not treated as a separate or privileged branch 

bit as part and parcel of the SS as a uhole, and as such had to share with 

ot er SS formations the organization's bureaucratic apparatus., provisions, 

and supplies. The Waffen-SS and the Allgemeine SS us-.ed in common the follow 

ing office i the SS Fuhrungahauptamt «'S'-FHA - SS Operational lt.ln Office), 

which included not only the Rommandoaat (Operatioicl HQ) of the Kaffea-iSS 

but that of the fl' leeaelne S3 as well; the SS_üau;2taji£ (SS-HA - SS Central 

1« Interrogation of Field Marshal von .leicha, 068 #CID :-34C3S Kef. No. 

FVJB/SAIC/5. 

SECRET

- 102 - SECRLT 

Office) in charge of recruitmentj the Wirtachsfta- und Verwaltungshrarpframt 

(iVVHA - Economic and Administrative Main Office), which administered supplies; 

the Hauptamt SS-Gericht (Sfc Legal Main Office), which dealt with discipli 

nary cases; the 3S-Rasse- und Sledlangshauptoirt (RuSHA - Race and Settlement 

Ilain Office), which looked after the personal welfare of Waffen-SS and 

Allgemeine SS membersj and the SS-Personal-Hsuptnm^ (SS-PHA • SS Personnel 

Llain Office), rhich took care of personnel affairs {promotions, transfers, 

etc,). 

For operational purposes, however, the Waffen-SS was organized in 

separate units on a corps and division basis. The following units were 

found to have been in operation toward the end of 1944s 

Unit 

I Panzer Corps 

(I, SS Panzer Corps 

Le ibstandarte-SS 

Adolf Hitler) 

'..I SS Panzer Corps 

HI SS Panzer Corps 

(III. feernanisches) 

SS-Panzer Ccrps) 

IV SS Panzer Corps 

V SS Mountain Corps 

Qoawanfea 

SS-Gruf, und Generalleutnant der 

Baffen-üS Hermarn Priese 

SS-Ogrufr. und General ier Waffen- 

S§ Willi Bittrich 

SS-Ogruf. und General der gfcffen- 

Sg Felii: Steiner 

SS-Ogruf.. und General der Kaffen- 

SS Herbert Gille 

^S-Ogruf, General der J'ollzei und 

der ••7effen-SS Frredrich Wilhelm 

Kr%sr 

1. Order of Battle of the Gerr.an Army, March 1945» published by KID, 

Washington. 

SECRET

Unit 

VI SS Infantry Corps 

(VI. SS Frei^llllgen- 

Anaee-korps) 

VII SS Panzer Corps 

IX SS Mountain Corps 

(IX. iVaf fen-(Gebirgs-) 

Korns-SSTKrcat Ischeg ) 

XI SS Infantry Corps 

XII SS Infantry Corps 

XIII St. Infantry Corps 

XIV SS Crrps 

X7III SS'Corps 

So Divisions 

1st SS Panzer Division 

(1, SS-Panzer-Division 

Lp.ih.qt.nnd»rê-SS Adolf 

Hitler T~ 

2nd SS,Panzer Division 

(2. SS-Panzer-Division 

Das Reich) 

3rd SS"Panzer Division 

(3. SS-Panzer-Division 

Totenkopf) 

4th SS Panzer Grenadier Division 

U. SS-Polizel-P»nzer-Grenadier-Division) 

- 103 

Commandsr 

SECRET 

SS-Og-uf. und General der Vüaffenjg£ 

Walter Krüger 

Unknown 

SS-Ogittfo. General der Polizei und 

der Waffen-SS Karl v.~Pfeffer- 

Wildonbruch 

ÖE."jiowa 

SS-Ogruf. u. General der Waffen-SS, 

Genei'al, der Infantrie Günther 

Blumentritt 

SS-Gruf, u. Gerilt. d. Waffen-SS 

Hax Simon 

ßS~Pgntgf« ggnarfll dftS-Poligei und 

d^_iiS^SSr§S Erich von dem Baoh- 

Ze~ewski 

SS-Gruf..- Genlt. d. Pclizei und 

der Waffen-SS Heins Reinefarth 

SS-Oberf. Wilhelm Mchnke 

SS-Brigf, y-Genma,^ d« Waffen-SS 

Hei.ns Laramerding 

SS-Br;gf. u. Genmai* d. Waffen-SS 

Helmuth Becker 

SS-Strndf. Walter Haraer 

SECRET

SS Divisiona 

5th SS Panzer Division 

(5* SS-Panzer-Division- 

6th SS Mountain Division 

(6. SS-n^ v o-gs-Division 

üord) 

7th SS Mountain Division 

(7. SS-Frciwllligen- 

Gebirffs-Dlvision Prinz 

Eugen) 

8th SS Cavalry Division 

(8. SS-Kavallerie- 

Division Florian Geyer) 


(9. §S»Panê;r-pivision 

Hohenstaufen) 


(10* SS-ray.e.~-Dlvision 

Frundsherg) 

11th SS Panzer Gronadier Division 

(11. SS"Freiuilligen-Panzer 

Grenadier-D:vision. Nordland) 

I2th SS Panzer Division 

(12 * SS-Panzor-Division 

Hitler - Jugend) 

13th SS fountain division 

(13. Baffen-üeblrgs- 

Divlslon-SS Handschar) 

(Kroatische Nr. l) 

Hti SS Infantry Division 

(U. ffaf f er -Grenadier- 

Dlvision-SS 7C:alizische 

Nr. 1)) 


Commander 

SS-Stadf. Rudolf Mühlönkamp 

SS-Gruf*. G nlt. d. Pol. u. d« 

Waffon-SS Karl Heinrich Brenner 

SS-Brlgf. u. Genroa.1. der Waffen-SS 

Otto Kuma 

SS-Brigf. u. Genmal. der Waffen-SS 

Joachim Runsohr 

SS-Oberf. Sylvester Stadler 

SS-Brigf. u. Senir.a.1. der Waffen-SS 

Heinz Marmel 

SS-Brlgf. u. Genma.1, d. Waffen-SS 

Joachin Ziegler 

SS-Standf. Hugo Kraas 

SS-Brlgf. u. Genma.1. der Waffen-SS 

:i-mpc3 

SS-Brigf. u Genmaj. der ffaffen-SS 

Friiz Freitag 

SECRET

15th SS Infantry Division 

(15. Waffei -Grenadier-Division 

S^ (Lettisch« ffr. 1)) 

I6th SS Panzer Grenadier Division 

(16. SS-PE niser-Grenadisr- 

Division ReicHsführer-SsT 

17th SS Panzer Grenadier Division 

(17. SS-Pgniier-Grenaîgy- 

Pivision Get» von Berllchingap) 

13th 3S Panzer Grenadier Division 

(13. SS-Freiuilllgen-Panzer 

Grenadier-Division Horst Weasel) 


(19. Wafrer -Grenadier- 

Division-SS ö^t jcho Nr. 2)) 


(20. Waffe n-Grcnadier- 

Division-SS (Estnische Nr. 1)) 

21st SS fountain Division 1 

(21. Uaffen-C ebiTgs»Dlvision--SS 

Skanderbeg (flbanische -Ir. l},) 

22nd SS Cavalry Division 

(22. Freiwlllifren-Kavallerie- 

Division-Sf ~7Üm;ar isch j) 

23rd SS fountain Division^- 

(23. Waffen- Gebir ga-Pivlsionr 

SS Kama (Kritische lür. 27) 

24th SS Llountain Division 

(24. Kaffen-Oebirgs-Karsttftger- 

Plvision-SS) 

1. Believed di3banced bofore 1945* 

105 SECRET 

Cominandai 

SS-Qbexf. «kolaus Kei.Lrrann 

SS-Oberf- 'Uto BauE 

St-Standf. Fritz KILngenberg 

SS-Stsndf. Wilhelm Trabandt 

SS-Graf, u. Genlt„ der Waffen-SS 

Bruno S-ireckenbach 

SS-Brigf, ,u, .Gerenaj..,.. ckg %ffe,n-SS 

Franz Aug3borger 

SS-BrLgf• u. Gemia.1 dtr ffaffen-SS 

August r>chmidhub>?r 

SS Brigf« ix. Gennaj.. irr Waffen-SS 

August Gehender 

Unknown 

Unknown 

SECRET

SS JD; visions 

26th SS Panzer LIvision 

(26. SS-Pirzer (?) Dirisitm 

(HmîdDf 

27th Si; P&nzar Grenadier Division 

(27. SS-F ^.lwilllgen-Panger- 

Grenadlsr -rivision Iêngfsnarc-t) 

2'ith SS Paiuser Grenadier Division 

(23. i^cF.îîüi^îr.iaiSi,«'- 

Grenarîor •]• ivision Yfc '.Ionian) 

29th SS Division 

(29. Sjîi vision.) 

30th SS Infant:^ Division 

(30. y r a,ff'?n-Grenadier -Division- 

SS (2. PuisischeTT" 

31st SS Infantry Division 

(31. V aff• Jn-Gren?.dier -Dlvision-SS) 

Si: Division ''C'lcrlena^ne" 

(CS~Freiwil.-igon-Diyisi n 

"C'.arler.agno"; 

brigadeF 

2nd SS Assault E 

(2. SE-Sfrtt-nbrip.adc) 

4th SS Panzer iCanadier Brig 

U. SS~Fr*; 1 yilliên-P;: nserurenadi 

ojMiritrade Nedorlanci) 

S£ Italian Infantry Brigade 

(Waffen-Grc, iadier-3rii:ade-SS 

(Italien Jscho Mr. 1)) 

106 ~ SECRET 

Unknc n 

Unk.no n 

Cqnynan 

.SS^St.ubf. Leon Dog: eile 

Unknc n 

SS-OiitubL% uf Obst:t d--r Sch> 

Hi.nu jjegllng ( ) 

Unkno /r 

(SS-Biigf.?) Gsm,. PiaiK? 

SS-Oterf . Osk.*.r Di: rlewanger (?) 

SS-BriKf ._ u. Genraa.^de; 1 "ferfen-SS 

Jtr{u'e l Wagner 

SS-Stand \ Constant in Ueldmaim

10? 

v. Criminal Activities

- 108 - 

SECRET 

Evidence too, has been furnished that Untersturmführer Schnittker, 

commanding officer of the 10th Company, 3rd Battalion, 19th Panzer Grenadier 

Regiment of the 9th SS Panzer Division Hohensâufert.fordered his troops to 

kill all American prisoners of wax; and that Unterscharführer Wolther, aided 

by Oberscharführer Werner Ackermanr., carried out this order, Ackermann, 

himself is reported to have locked British PW's in a cellar near Arnhem and 

blown them up.^ Similarly, according to a statement by an SS FW, members 

of the Totenkopf Division were infcrme*d that the Division did no~ take 

prisoners of war , * while the l3t SS Panzer Regiment of the 1st SS Panzer 

division Leibstandarte-SS Adolf Hitler actually shot 120-150 ?U»a south of 

I-'ialmedy on 17 December 1944« Volksfrenadier troops under SS command ap 

pear to have been guilty of-the svre practiced Reasons given soldiers to 

.justify such action included the following: 

1. To take prisoners is a tactical hinrrance during attacksj 

2. Europe is no concern of tl e Americans; 

3« Prisoners would cut down the German food supply. 

d. The SS-Totenkopfverbfinde (SS Death i.ead Formations) 

1. Definition. The SS-ffotenkopfvcrbända (TV) have been defined 

by so. .e sources as a part of the Allger,.ein3 Sfc>, by others as a part of the 

.%1'fen-SS., Actually, they belonged to neither bub were a self-contained 

organization with special assignments. Itf is true, however, that at some 

1. War Department, Classified r.essige Center, No. S 75013 on file with WCC. 

2. War Department, E 91022; C.i-IN-26262. 

3. Ibid. 

4. Ibid. 

SECRET


time in their history, SS Totenkop.'lVarbände. had formed part of the SS 

Verfügungstrupptm. a large part of which were organized later to become the 

Waffen-SS . As to their function, the SS-Totenkopf verbände have come to be 

known as the organization charged -vith the guarding of concentration camps. 

Probably no other part of the SS has committed a higher percentage of atro 

cities than have the men and women of the SS Votenkopfverbflnde. 

ii. ft igjn. The .SS-Totenkopfverbande were drafted in 1933 from 

the ranks of volunteers within the Allgemeine SS. These volunteers had to 

sign up for 12 y ars, which were coa-sider^d a3 militery ssrvioe. They were 

paid acccrding to Jehr-nacht schedule? and received military training; never 

theless, they were not considered as part of the regular Army. The name 

was derived fror, the insignia of skull and crossbones worn on the right 

collar patch anc on their headg-ar, with the exception of their steel hel 

mets. The firrt 150 Tötenkopf SS rr.en were picked on 17 March 1933. On 13 

'•larch 1933 the concentration camp at Dachau was opened. 

Originally, the SS-Totenkepf verbände were organized into four Stand 

orten naried after the areac in which they were stationed, namely 

Oberbayern, with home station at 

Dachau, neir üunlch 

Brandenburg, with home station at 

Sachs*» nhau sen, near Berlin 

Thüringen, with home station at 

Buchsr-;?Id, ne*.r 'Veimor 

Ostmark; personnel of this; Standarte 

was reciuited from Austrian 

SS unite. 

SECRET


The name of each of the above home station indicates the site of a 

concentration camp» All four Standarten were placed under the command of 

SS-Gruf. Sicke, ?ho becar.e the Commander of all Totenkopfverbände- and con- 

centr tion camps. 

17ith the intensification of Nazi terror, the number of concentration 

camps gr^w and with it the need for additional personnel for the TV. By 1939 

the TV, according to some sources, nuroered 40,000.**• After the outbreak of 

the war SS-Totenkopfverbande fought alongside the regular forces during the 

campaign in Poland. Possibly in recognition of their meritorious conduct 

before the enemy, those SS-T otenkopfverbSnde and ot.hrr Verfügungstruprien 

w!dch had seen front service were mergsd to form the SS Totenkcpf Division. 

This military section of the Totenkopfverbande must not be confused with its 

civilian counterpart, the Totenkopf-wt tnderten and Totankopf-Stunrbrnnef 

which stayed behind and continued to o-erate as concentration camp guards,, 

Owing to the transfer of largp numbers of men to the V/affen-SS during the 

war, these units underwent a considerable shrinkage. To replenish ths de 

pleted renks, foreign volunteers, notably "Volksdeutsche." but also vornan, 

a; pear to .have joined the TV, or, at least, to have performed some of the 

functions assigned to the TV. 

lii. Purpose and Functions,, The chief purpose of the TV has been 

defined, officially, -s tho guarding o. + ' concentration camps.2 

1. This estimate a-ears to be at variance with other statistic; ^hich give 

a figure of A0,0°0 as the total for all SS-Verfufqinrstrupne'a. 

2, Gunter d'Alquen, Die SS. p. 20. 

SECRET

- Ill - SECRET 

"Aside from the t? sk of educating the armed political soldiers, 

it is their duty to guard the eaemies of the State interned in 

the concentration camps." 

In addition, TV units were assi-~red the function of searcliing for es 

caped prisoners, training and commanding detachments of the Hitler-Jut^nd 

gtr-tifendienst (Hitler Youth Patrol Service), and furnishing execution squads. 

Details of mathods applied by-the TV in the performance of their 

dut.es can best be iscertained froi the multitude of reports by concentra 

tion camp inmates. All of then agr>se that the guard duty of the TV man In 

cluded the ruthless exploitation of prison labor, the willful and often pur 

poseless torture of prisoners, and the extermination of prisoners unfit for 

heavy work.-*- 

iv. Organization. Functionally, the SS-Totenkopfverbgr.de mist be 

]>reFijmed to have beon under the jurisdicoicn of the Antsgruppe D. Führung una, 

Verwaltung der Konzi tntrat ions lager (Division D, Comnu^nd and Administration of 

Concent: ction Canpc) ;*thln the :7irtscha?tr- und Verwaltungghauttaia^, (ftVHA - 

Bsonoaic and Administrative -lain Office*) of the F.eichsftihrung-SS (SJ Supreme 

1» See reprrt on B-'.chcnwr.ld, or -ed on the core leto rrc« r r of the co:?> etent 

service units, on file with 0S3 (SI) F.epcrt B-2833; report on Buchenwald 

and Lublin by ?V; i.'.einke, OSS document CID 127249j report on Lounenburg 

by US Br hassy in Berlin, on file with Stat« Department. irGEC 362.00/3173; 

report on Auschv/ita-Birkenau, by two escapees, 3SÜ Field 'emo 257 (FR-425$; 

report.OB Dachau by Vaclav Krejci, OSS document XL 11779; report on Lublin 

by ifl Willi Kempf, HIS document C171997, OSS document CID 1355 c .5j report 

on Oberrsden by German PW, OSS document CID 135595? report on Kraftfahr- 

Iraatzteillager 601 by German PW, CSS document CID 135595; report on Dachau 

by German PW, OSS document XL 11931; report on Sachs entlausen oy German PW, 

OBS document XL 11969; rerort on Mauthausen by 2 U.S. Army physicians, LM-11; 

report on Aussei Lager Gross Earning, on file nit;h OSS (SI); report on Auschwitz 

?y a Gorman PW, OB,' iocumont XL 9716; report on Bolzano, on file with OSS; 

report oa concerts ati-:n carvx- yaraomel in Estonia, Poland (Lublin), Bohemia- 

-V.or;..via; io'danek, There siemtudt', or. file .rich OSS (SI). 

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- 11- - SECRET 

Command)., Head of Aratspruppe D was SS-Gruf. und General-leutnant der Waffen- 

SS Kichard Glücks, 1 

The variciu units of the TV were organized along the lines of their 

specific assignments«. The following units are known to have been organized: 

» 

Streifendienst und Rollkommandos 

(Patrol Service and Raiding Squads) 

Wachverb&nde 

(Guard Formations) 

Sonder-Verbände 

(Formations for Special Employment) 

Organizationally, Totenkopf-Stendarten were subdivided into Sturmbanne 

(battalions) which, in turn, were composed of so-called Hundertschaften (com 

panies), :ach of which cor.j rised at least 30 to 120 men. 

5. The Reichsfflhruntr-SS (SS Supreme Command); S3 Hauptämter (S3 I.Iain 

Offices). The Paidisfflhrer-SS. Heinrich Him lor, exercised supreme com; .and 

over all brunches of the SS, the Police, and special agencies subordinate 

to his jurisdiction. This authority was concentrated in the Re:-ch»fQhrung-SS 

(S,5 Supreme ComnoncO, a conglomerr lion of twelve Haurtfl.T.ter (L'ain Offices) 

with variegated functions. Central rorponsibilüty for the administration of 

policies executed by the Allgemeine So. the Wafien-SS. the SIFo and SD was 

ve ted in one or several of there Main Olfices. Although each of these Kain 

Offices was responsible for very specific tasks — indoctrination, recruitment, 

training, supply, guarding of concentration camps, etc» ~ the character of 

the SS as closely-knit "order" of men pledged to mutual loyalty prohibited 

1« See report on ihe•Gestapo," RfiA No» 3113»6. 

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a utrict separation of functions. The SS Supreme Command, in feet, was so 

organized that various offices would share automatically in responsibility 

for the efficient operation of various branches of the SS. The Central 

Office recruited, tho Operational Main Office commanded, and the- Economic 

and Administrative .Main Office supplied units of the Waffen-SS and of the 

Allgemeine SS. Furthermore, the heads of all Main Offices, at least at one 

tine, were automatic-lly attached to the Personal Staff of the Keichsfuhrer- 

SS.. 

The Reichsf Ihrung-SS developed ever the years from a small group of 

administrative offices with restricted and heterogenous functions to a 

bureaucracy which, in power and scope, matched, if not surpassed, the com 

bined functions of government and milit ry authorities. It even commanded 

eccnomic resources of considerable size whic':, to no small degree, contributed 

to the autarchic character of the SS as a state within, if not above, the 

State. 

On the other hnnd,the haphazard way in which the SS accumulated its 

functions is clearly discernible in the structure of its Supreme Command. 

The growth of the SS called for frequent radical changes in the top command. 

In consequence, there was a total lack of administrative tradition, a wide 

use of discretion by individual officeholders anxious to revise and reorganize 

the offices under their control, and, finally, duplication of offort and 

overlapping functions. This may account for the apparent absence of rules 

determining the Jurisdiction of individual Main Offices and the repsated re 

currence of similar titles and functions in different offices. The latest 

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Party Manual 1 lists the following Main Offices as existent in September 1942: 

Persönlicher Stab ces Reichsfflhrers-SS 

(Personal Staff of Reichsführer SS7~ 

SS-Hauptamt 

(SS Central Office) 

SS -"Führungshauptamt 

(SS Operational Main Office) 

Relchssicherheitsheuptamt 

(SS Reich Security Main Office) 

SS-Rasse- und Siedlur-gshauptaiit 

(SS Race and Settl«nont Main Office) 

SS-Wirtschafts- und Verwaltungshauptünt 

(SS Economic and Administrative Main Office) 

SS-Personaihauptamt 

(SS Personnel Main Office) 

Hauptamt SS-Gericht 

(SS Legal Main Office) 

Hauptamt 0rdnung3Pcliz;ej. 

(Llain Office for Order Police) 

Dienststelle SS-Obergruppenffthrer Heissmeyer 

(Bureau SS-Obergruppenführer Heissmeyer) 

Stabshauptamt des Reichskommicsars fflr die Fnnt.ifmnp; 

deutschen Volkstums 

(Staff HQ of the ileich Coaniscioner for the 

Consolidation of jerman Folkdom) 

Hauptamt Volksdeutsche Mitterstelle 

(Main Office for Ethnic Germans) 

a. Hauptamt Persönlicher S,tah Des Reichsfflhrers SS (Personal Staff of 

Be.:,chsführer-SS. After 1941 the Personal Staff of the Reichsffthrer was 

1. Organlaationsbuch der NSDAP. 1943, p. 419. 

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considered a Hauptamt of the SS Supreme Command (Reichsführung-SS). However, 

it differed markedly in both organization and function from the other SS 

Hauptämter. While once described by Günther d'Alquen as the Central HQ of 

the SS Supreme Conmand (Zentrale Befehlstelle der Relchsfflhrung SS).-*- it be- 

came finally a heterogeneous collection of offices nhich had only their 

subordination to th* Relchsfuhrer SS in common. What coordination there was 

among their activities emanated from the office of the Chief of tha Personal 

Staff (Der Chef des Persönlichen Stabes) in Berlin. Chief of the Personal 

Staff, for many years, was SS-Ober gruprenf(ihrer Karl Wolff, General of Police 

and Supreme SS and Police Leader in Italy (IIBchstor SS und ?F Itclien,). 

Functionally the Personal Staff had four major parts: 

(1) The Feldkomnandostelle (Field Conrrand HQ), which was the personal 

HQ of Himmler* 

(2) Special officers, appointed by the FF-SS and responsible to him 

f 

through the Feldkommandostelle. 

(3) The dffice of Chief o Staff and offices which were responsible 

to him. 

GO Offices personally supervised by Hlnrler without channelized 

reference to either the FelcT&ostelle or the Chief of Staff. 

The most important function of the Personal Staff were centered in 

the Feldkommandostelle. Himmler's actual field HQ. In organization the 

FeT.ükonnandostelie closely ressembled a military HQ and, for the greater 

1. d'Alquen, Die 3S. Berlin, 1939, p. 24„ 

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- 116 .- SECRET 

part of the Russian campaign, was static nsd in the central sector of the 

Russian front following the operations of the Waffsn-SS» ' It became the nor- 

niaJ channel for the personal business of the RF-SS. Prom there his decrees 

the. 

one. orders to lower echelons of SS organization were Issued, 

The chief of the SS adjutancy, Ofoersturmbannftlhrer Uerner Gr^thmann, 

was commanding officer of the Feldkommandostelle% his assistants were 

ii i ~~ ___ ••'• ' 

HauptsfoTflffthrer Peipar (1st Adjutant), Sturmbaiuifflhcrr.Kacher (Adjutant 

for the Waffen-SS). Major Volinar (Ad Jul ant of the Reserve Army), Oberat«- 

koutnant Suchannek (Police Adjutant), Heuptsturmfflhgar Schnitzlex (Chief of 

the adjutancy/, and Hiss Dreyer (Chief woman secretary). Grothmann's pre- 

decassors were Graf Dohna, adjutant in 1941 and 1942, and Conrad, who held 

the post from the end of 1943 to the end of 1944« 

Other officers in the FeIdkommancostelie in a more personal i*elt.tion- 

shio with the Rf-SS werf Kriminalrat Kiermeier (Chief of Himmler 5 s Personal 

Body Guard), Dr0 Rudolf Brandt, (Hlmnlar's personal, adviser and coordinator 

of all medical affairs), Obersturmführer Grieger (personal aide). Dr. Mueller 

(personal physicirji) and Hfti?.pftsturnftth':e.r Lukas (Himmler*s chauffeur)« 

Just before the fall ox Germany, the RF-SS wats acting through the 

following liaison officers» Gruppenfffk.-e:? Ohlendorf (between Himmler and 

Doenitz); Obersturmbannführer i>alz and Fsgelfi'in (betv;een RF-SS atd Eitler); 

Sturmbannführer Werth (between Himnlc** and Kaltenbrunner). 

Including Wa?;Ten^SS Flak, Signal, «ind Escort battalions, the total 

strength of tlr? Feldkommandstelle was belisved to be over 3,000» The HQ staff 

was divided as followsJ 

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la. Operations and Intelligence 

lb. Supply 

IIa. Officer Personnel 

lib. Other Ranks Personnel 

IVa. Admirlstration 

IVb. Medical 

. 117 - SECRET 

A second inportent category of functionaries uithin the Personal 

Staff was the group of Special Officer;» responsible to Himmler personally, 

but immediately subordinate to the Fgl/ikonmyaidostui." In. They were: 

(l^) Chef des Pernmeldewesens beim RF-SS und Rtj__drI (Chief cf Com- 

mvnications on tho Staff of RF-SS and Minister of Inferior). Tho communi 

cations chief, SS-Cêreruppenfflhrer and General de? âffea-SS Ernst Sachs, 

hsxl his headquarters in Berlin. He van charged with the Supervision of all 

signal communications for the Police„ i'»S, and MIniit:*y of the Interior. 

His office conducted technical research in com; unicaîons and trained of~ 

fleers and enlisted personnel, both men and women, in signal services. 

(2^) Reichsarzt SS und Polizei (Kelch Medical Officer of SS and Police). 

S§-Oberfgruppenfuhj'er und General der ffafên^SS. Ernst Robert Grawitz, the 

head of tho SS Medical Bureau, served on the Personal Staff as advisor to 

Hlnmler. His office was responsible for medical service in all SS and 

Police installations. His office also supervised thn training of SS medical 

officers and conducted special medics 1 research. In this connection the 

possibility exist« that he may have been associated vith the utilisation of 

concentration ca.np prisoners for wedictl experiments. Outside thj SS he 

held the office of executive president of the Geraen Red Crosu. Within the 

1. See OSS, R4A, Field Memo 257 (FS-^5), 10 May 19/5, P. 27« 

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is staff Incln&ed at least the fnlLosr • 

LB - 

(a) £aaiää&i5Sa£Esifiii^^ lief . 

Medict.! Quarêrf &S^G^ttppfijfjte'gc_aqc|ni£ijn9j -^ ^mtnärt 6 

Dr„ CR:1 Olujuenx auter adaiaistered the disposit 11;&1 a 

the SS, 

0>^ x*.LVJrt§X' äi?j ?Mfegg.,?; e % i:h ?ggfftL s 

Officer for Hygiene). SÔfcgrJ§h£er. Di'» Janchjbn ftu{;ovTsky wa i tie of 

responsible for nedical conditions of camps ard t: list, .llr.t loss. 

(3^) ST'-Rlsrter b«^n B?-3S Pert , 5-!-,ao

119 - SECRET 

conceived a3 that of a liaison officer betwsen the RF-SS and ths HQ of the 

Föhrer» As Chief of Staff he coordinated the activity of the miscellaneous 

offices. They included: 

W Rohstof-taint RF-SS (Raw Materials Department PF--SS). '.'his of floe 

had. its headquarters in Berlin and branch offices in various foreign coun 

tries. AH bulk purchases for the'SS except leather and textilo goods had 

to be handled through this office. la addition, tha Rohstoffaiii'v aided SS 

authorities in theb. individual purchaser and prescribed appropriate «sources 

of supply,, It is possible that this office was in charge of disposition of 

bulk goods confiscated during SS operations,, 

(2^ SS Mannsjhaftahauser (SS Mens' Halls). Strictly spetking these 

Institutions were an office (Dienststelle V of the Allgemeine SSt actually 

they were administered by SS-Oborfttbror Ellersieck fror, his office on the 

personal staff of its RF-SS. The function of the Lien's Halls Was to train 

3S officers who intended to take up careers in the professions cr civil 

service -- in shor: in occupations outside the professional SS career. The 

intent was to secure SS influence in aroas of German life which in general 

were less accessibj.e to political prensure. It was In a sense tha SS coun 

terpart of the old student fraternity. Activitias were carried on in Halls 

in the larger cities where the students would meet for tea, political 

l ° QrgRniaB.tion3bvch der NSDAP. 1943, p. 420. '»Der Chef des êrsSnlichen 

Stabc3 ist st&äd'.fler Verbinduncsfflhrer des Eeishsfflhrers-SS im Führertjaupt.fiiifirt.i'^r 

und bearbei'oet dort alle Fragen ier SS einschliesslich, 

der Waffen-SS und der PollaeiP 

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discussions, and participation in group athletics,. Membership involved a 

two weeks course in military* tactics annually at the SS-Junkerschu3e at 

Bad Tolz. After the war began only a few reserves and discharged men con 

tinued the use of these halls. 

^3} Die Ahmnerbe- Forschungs- uad Uihrgemeinsehflft ("Ahnenerbe" 

Society). This society, with HQ in Bor tin under Dr. Karl Brandy, chief co 

ordinator in natters of Public health far Party, Reich and Armed Forces, 

existed to promote genealogical and b.ological research in support of the 

Nazi racial theories. Its lJaison officer on the Personal Staff was Dr. 

ffuest. It is believed to have had sorie connection with medical experiments 

on concentration camp inmate£ at KL Nat tweiler, 

(ty Verein i.ebensborn ("Lebensborn Society). The main office of this 

society, which was integrated with th

- 121 - SEGRET 

Die Abteilung fur Kulturelle Forschung (Section for Cultural 

Research).. This section supervised St archeological excavations and pub 

lications to supjort the "Nordic racial" concept of German history. It is 

presumed to have been disbanded in 194.1«. 

The fourth functional aspect of the Personal Staff was the activity 

of offices directly supervised by the RF-SS himself. 

(1^ Das Amt für Bevolkerungspclr.frik (Bureau of Population Policy). 

This bureau was presumably identical rith one of the same name within the 

RuSHA. It is understood to have gone out of existence. 

(£) SS Wirtschaftsring) (The SS Economic Ring). This office was one 

of the main sources of income for the SS (see above). It Included as hono 

rary members (Fordernde Mitglieder) high industrialists and financiers who 

contributed substantially to the budget of the SS. Its function on the 

Fersonal Staff was most likely that oi an advi.-jory board to the RF-SS. The 

actual - administration of the Ring was reportedly located in the SS ffirtschafts- 

uad Yerwaltungs hauptamt (WHA). 

In addition to these widely differentiated offices and persons within 

the Personal Staff, the chiefs of the other departments (Hauptämter) should 

be considered as part of the Personal Staff in the sense of being advisors 

to the RF-SS. 

b. SS-Hanptamt (SS Central Department). Forner address: Borlin- 

Grunewald, Douglasstrasse 7-11» The chief of the SS-HA was SS Obergruppen 

führer and Waffen-SS General Gottlieb Berger. His predecessor was SS Ober- 

gruppenfuhrer August Heissmeyer, and his personal aide wa« Obersturmbannführer 

SECRET


Eckstein, who seems to have succeeded Standartenfuhrer Br« Dambach and 

Obersturmführer Werner Blessau. 

The SS Hauptamt was one of the three original SS Departments. Previous 

to the administrative reorganization cf the whole SS in 1940 it included 

functions since incorporated into the .?ührungshauptamt (FHftJp the PscggnaJ.- 

hauptamt (PHA). the Wirtschafts- und Varwaltunrshauptamt. (WVHA). the 

Reichssicherheitshauptamt (RSHA), and the office of the Chief of Communica 

tions on the Personal Staff, Its position within the SS was gradually 

reduced from the most important single office to an office for recruitment 

and training of SS personnel. 

The most succinct description of the functions of SS-HA is to be found^ 

in the"ss Soldier's Handbook*(Soldatenfreund) for 1944. "The task of SS 

Hauptamt is to create a close, and exclusive ccmmunal order" ("ein streng 

geschlossener Orden"). It is responsible therefore for the selection of 

men suitable for the SS, the registration of SS members and their families, 

and, in addition, for the philosophical and political direction, education, 

and training of the whole SS and Polica, as well as for the welfare of 

mobilized units of the SS and Police (Troops Welfare). A further task is 

the physical training and pre- and post- military training of the SS. Of 

particular importance 5.s the selection, organisation, and direction of the 

SS in Germanic countries and the propagation of the Germanic idea in all 

spheres of life. 

Among these functions,Indoctrination (Amtsgruppe C)r recruitment 

(Arctseruppa 3). and enre of Germanic S3 (Amtsgruppe D) deserve particular 

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attention, not merely because they were the most significant features of 

the work of the SS Central Office but because the activities performed under 

these rubrics bear close scrutin;.»'frem the angle of war crimes. The po 

litical education of the SS laid the groundwork for the completely a-moral 

attitude of the SS officer and SS man. and must be considered as the in 

tellectual source for crimes and atrocities committed by the SS, The re 

cruitment policy, although ultimately determined by the FHA, was executed 

by the various SS Sreänzungsstellen (Draft Bureaus) inside Germany and by 

the Ersatzkotmnandoa (Replacement Commands) and SS Ersatzinspektioaen 

(SS Replace^nt Inspectorate? ' outsida Germany with the help of deception 

and terror fco satisfy the ever-growing need of the ffaffen-SS for additional 

and fresh manpower. Finally, the conquest of territories with the so-called 

"Germanic" populations provided the SS with the opportunity of holding in 

check the native population at home and imported foreign labor, with the 

help of their "Germanic" compatriots« 

The general division of functions bet ;een the four Amtsgruppen within 

the Hauptamt was as follows: 

A, General Administration 

B, Recruiting and Registration 

C, Propaganda, Education, Physical Training 

Do Germanic SS 

ACTSGROPPE A - GENERAL ADMINISTRATION 

Amt X, The Zontralamt (Central Office) coordinated the work of all 

other departments within the Hauptamt and maintained liaison with outside 

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i 

offices. It also controled the Personnel Section of the Hauptamt (Personal- 

Amt II. Leitender Arzt beim Chef SS-HA (Chief Medical Officer), dealt 

with all medical questions arriving in the Hauptamt. 

Amt III. Verwaltung (Adrainia trat ion) under Dbersturnbannfflhrer Otto, 

was in charge of schools, camps, and ether establishments administered by 

the Hauptamt. 

ALTTSGRUPPE B - RE»: Ol TBC AIID RBGISTFAII0M 

Amt I. Ereanzungsamt der Waff er-SS (The Recruiting Office of the Combat 

SS) was supervised by Gruppenführer Heinrich Jürs. This office carried out 

its policies through the Recruiting Officea (Ergâaun^sai^êa)^.!!! ovwy B8 

Di&triat ' Oberc;bschnitt). and through th>: Recruiting Agencies (Ersatzkommandos) 

and SS Ersatzinspektioneo in occupied territories. The compulsory recruiting 

of foreigners for the Waffen-SS must be attributed to this office. 

Ant II. Erfassungsamt (Registration Office) was the authority for 

strength records, including casualties, of the entire SS and for maintenance 

of all except officer personnel records. 

AMTSGRPPPE C - PROPAGANDA, EDUCATION, VOCATIONAL, AND PHYSICAL TE/INBC 

Brlgnd3ftihrer Fick was in charge of this entire branch, and was also 

inspector for the ideological training of the entire SS and Police. 

Amt I. Weltanschauliche Erziehuig (Ideological Instruction) was headed 

hy Obersturmführer Webendorf er. It was responsible for general education, 

propaganda directives, and publications, as well as for special service 

1. See Report of Interrogation, No. 5375, p. 3. 

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x " SECRET 

I-iiblications for all nationalities- represented in the Germanic £S. 

Amt II o, Truppenbetreuung (Troop Guidance) under Obersturmbannführer 

Wolff, was responsible for services maintaining the morale of SS troops«, 

AmtHII. Bild und Film (Pictcr5.al Preseatation) was headed by SS- 

Eauptsturmführer Dr. Hayd. It prepared pictorial material for SS-Hauptamt 

projects and publications« 

Amt IV, Schriftum (Literature) inder Stusmibannfflhrer ffezel aupervised 

book storesj publishers, and archives» 

Amt V. Laibeserziehung (Physical Training) under Edler von Daniels was 

charged with the physical training of the Allgemeine SS and supervision of 

pre-military training and sports of affiliated reserve formations, such as 

auxiliary police forces. 

Amt VI. Berufserziehung (Vocational Training). 

AMTSGRUPPE D - GEFJ ANISCHE LEITSTELL2 (GESTANIC AFFAIRS) 

Head of this division wac? Standartenführer Spaarmann. In occupied 

territories where Germanic SS recruitiag offices were set up, a branch of 

the Department for Germanic Affairs supervised political propaganda and re 

cruiting procedures, and maintained liaison with the newly formed units. 

This office was also responsible for the enlistment of foreigners in the SS, 

both for Combat service and for guarding foreign workers inside Germany. 

Amt I. Germanische Leitstelle (Germanic Liaison Office).. Aside from 

supervising Germanic SS offices abroad, this office also directed the Germanic 

Hov.se at Hannover^ maintained the Inspectorate of Germanic Offices, and con 

trolled the SS Field Post Censorship Office, which censored mail from abroad 

SECRET


for foreign SS troops. The office supervised the relations between the SS 

and the Germanic SS. 

Amt II. Germanische Ergänzung (Germanic Recruiting)«, This office 

dealt with recruiting Germanic unite. Much of its activity overlapped with 

Amtsgrupp« B. Ant I. 

Amt III. Germanische Erziehung. (Germanic Training). This office was 

probably responsible for instructing 'Toreigners at Germanic training schools 

and camps„ 

Other offices controlled by SS Hauptamt; 

(lb Hauptstelle fur VBlkische Sohutznrbelt (Protective Measures for 

non-Germans). Thia office was headed by SS Gruppenführer F. YTeber, It 

waa established officially to protect the welfare of eleven million foreign 

workers in Germany, but there is a strong possibility that it m s also used 

to control foreign labor which waa considered a potential threat to internal 

security. 

(2} Amt Zwi.schenstattlicher Verbände und Einrichtungen (Liaison Office 

for SS-related organizations abroad). Heinz Lorenz, brother of SS Ober 

gruppenführer Werner Lorenz (head of -»-he Volksdeutsche Lilttelstelle and 

Volksbund für das Deutschtum in Aue land. (VDA)), headed this office .vhich 

»aintalned contact with para-military organizations in occupied countries, 

such as the Hlinka Guards in Slovakia and the Arrcw Gross formations in 

Hungary. 

(3]) Amt fur Nachrichtenverbindungen (Communications Office). After 

1941 this office was probably incorporated into the office of the Chief 

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Signal Office at the FtthrunKshauptaat. 

(&) Liaison office with SS Legal Department,, 


{p^ Section for Rest Homes for ?affen-SS men on furlough. This office 

managed at least six rest camps for SS men on furlough and their families. 

(6) Attached Section of the Hitler Youth (Kommandierte Abteilung HJ). 

which was divided into (Streifendienst) Patrol Service and (Landdienst) Land 

Service. This was one of the organisations, attached to the SS, which car 

ried on terroristic activity. The cliief contact between SS and HJ was or 

ganized in and through the SS Hauptamt» The SS provided officers for the 

HJ Streifendienste instructors for the so-called Wehrertflchtlgungslager 

(Defense Training Camps), and bot- officers and instructors for the Land- 

djLens£. In turn, the SS drew its HJ recruits mainly from the HJ Streifen 

dienst . 

(7^) Front Service of the German Post Office (Fronthilfe DRP). This 

was special transport service for the Wafl'en-SS r/ith vehicles provided by 

the German Post Office. 

(8^) Finnish Liaison Section (Finnische Verbindungsstelle)» 

(9.) Office of Garrison Commands (Standortffihrungsamt). 

(lO^ Office for Administration of Regulations (Vorscriften Verwaltung)»' 

(U.) Schools and Camps. 

The SS Behnschutz (SS Railroad Guards) and the SS Postschutz (SS Postal 

Guards) w~re reported to have been, at .least temporarily, under the juris 

diction of the Chief of the SS Hauptamt. Effective as of 1 October 1944 Himmler, 

by decree of the Fuhrer, was given the custody of all internees and prisoners 

1 

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" û " SECRET 

of war. Himmler delegated the newly gained authority to Gotfclieb Berger. 

There is no record, ho /ever, as to whether Borger discharged hia duty through 

the SS-Hauptamt or through a milit


of the Wehrmacht. Schools, even in highly tecfcnice.1 fields such as medicine 

and signals, were operated apart from the Army. Tables of supply and material, 

as laid down in the Operational HQ, differed fron Wehrnacht tables for simi 

lar troops, and distinguished the Waffen-SS divisions for their superior 

equipment and hi h morale. Thus the Operational HQ served as a separate plan 

ning staff for a separate brench of the Arned forces which camn under Wehr 

macht Jurisdiction only for specific tactical employment. Fuhrungahauptamt 

(FHA) remained the operational IIQ for the rest of the SS and for this purpose 

included the Command HC of the Allgeneine SS in Amt I of A.tsgruppe a (Offie* 

I of Division A). The FHA, thus, h s been described, quite accurately, as 

the SS Eain 0 fice responsible for the Organization, training, and within 

limits set for units of the F.'affen-SS by the OKVi or OKH, the operational 

employment of the Allgenreine SS and Waffen SS. 

A functional breakdown of the Operationsl HQ shows the following 

Amtserupnen (Divisions): 

A. Operations, Personnel, Supply 

3. Training 

]. Inspectorates 

D. Medical 

ACTSGRUPPE A - OPERATIONS, PERSONNEL, SÜPPLX 

SS Schwab. 

Chief of the Amtsgruppe was SS Brigadeffthrer and Maj. General of Waffon- 

Ant I. Koairandoamt der Allgemeinen SS (Command HQ of General SS) 

under SS Gruppenführer Leo Petri. Aftar the outbreak of the war the administration 

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- 130 - 

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ot the Allgemeine SS was greatly decentralized. Moreover, due to the in 

duction of a large number of its members into the Waffen-SS. this office 

declined in importance within the SS. 

Amt II. Kormiandoamt der Waffar-£S (Command HQ of the Combat SS) un 

der SS Obergrupponiuhrer and General of VVaffen SS Hans Juettner. This office 

was divided into two sections: Operational Section (Fuhrungs-Abtoilung). 

and organizational Section (Qrganisatlcn3-Abteilung). 

tne sections 

Operational Section 

The following functions are known to have been performed within 

la. Operations, under SS Standartenführer Ruoff 

1c. Intelligence and Security. This sub-section controlled 

the Field Post Section and the Pass and Permit Office. 

Id. Training. This sub-section coordinated all training 

except training for gas warfare. It was respors5.b.le for the instruction and 

training of staff officers. It supervised the writing and publication of SS 

regulations and triining manuals. 

Ig. SS Military Geologists 

IN. Signals Section 

VI« welfare, racial questions, educution. 

Organizational Section 

la. Operations (see also Operational Section] 

lb. Administration of supply 

lc. Intelligence (ses also Operational Section) 

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**** " SECRET 

le. Thie sub-section for strength and reinforcements had 

branches in both Ant II and IV; presumably the office was divided into Or 

ganization (Amt II) and Personnel (Amt IV). 

Amt III. Zentralkankte (Centre 1 Chancellery). This office 

coordinated certain activitieo for all Offices; it received and distributed 

corresjendence through the DRP (German Post Services) and its own courier 

cervice, which extended to all occupied Europe; it contained the records, 

and the war archives of the Waffen-SS. 

Axt IV. Vervaltungsant (Administration Bureau), under SS Ober- 

sturmbsinnfuhrer Mueller. It was concerned with matters of rations, clothing 

stores, buildings, end pay.' It probably also included the section for Supply 

Commands (Abt. Hachschubkommandantur). Poseib..y the Clothing Maintenance 

Depot, the Finance Administration and the Pay Office of the WafCen-SS were 

also controlled here. This office was taken over bodily, including personnel 

and files, by the SS Personalhauptamt (SS Personnel Main Office, FHA) and be 

came Amt II of the PHA. The transfer took considerable time and gave rise 

tc the assumption that FIIA and PIIA shared in the responsibility for matters 

of personnel. Actually all that was left in FHA was one officer, presumably 

Jüttner's adjutant, to facilitate appointments and promotions within the FHA 

proper. 

«nt V.Personâat(l ersonnol)»uncer Gpf. and Gen. of ..affon 33 ICurt Knoblauch, 

AnlTVI. Equitation Of rice. It dealt with all matters relating 

to cavalry, horsed units, and veterinary service. 

Ant VII. Supply Office under SS Standartenführer Ziersch. 

Formerly called the SS Waffenamt, the office was expanded to include 

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administration of Waffen-SS supply und equipment, and SS Ordnance Depots. 

Amt VIII. Ordnance Office. 

Amt H. Technical Equipment and Machinery, including signal 

equipment, special munitions, repair and maintenance equipment» 

Amt X. Motor Transport, under SS Standartenführer Hoffmann. 

This office controlled Motor Pools and repair shops. 

AT.TTSGRUPPE B - TT.AINING . 

The head of this Amtseruppe Gruppenführer and Lt. Gen. of ffaffen-SS 

Kurt Knoblauch, was in charge of all training of personnel in combat tactics. 

The following functions of the division have become known: 

Amt XI. Officer Training, under SS Brigrdefflhrer and Maj. General 

of ?/affen-5S Dörffler-Sehuband. This office wcs concerned with SS Officer 

Training Schools (Junkerschulen) and, in cooperation with other offices, 

supervised school:; and courses. 

In December 1944, functions and personnel of this office were trans 

ferred to the SS Personalhauptamt. (SS Personnel i'ain Office) to form Amt II 

(Office II) of Antspruope.,A (Division A) of the PHA. The F1IA, hcvever, re 

tained responsibility for the subjects taught at the schools. 

Amt XII. Ifon-conmissioned Officer Training. This office super 

vised NCO training schools and courses. 

AiTSGRUPPE C - DBPECTORATES. 

The following inspectorates of the SS are believed to have existed. 

Infantry; Equitation (Fegeleln); Artillery (Guthberlet); Engineers; Armored 

Forces; Signal Troops (Keilhaus); Ordnance; fountain Troops, notorized Troops 

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(Knapp); Anti-Aircraft (Guthberlet). 

A.iTSGRUPPE D - KEDICAL 


This division was headed by SS Obergruppenführer and General of CTaffen- 

SS Dr. Karl Genzken, who was also inspector of the SS Medical Academy. 

Amt IUI» General Administration. This office included sections 

for enlisted personnel, officer personnel, welfare and pensions? It also 

supervised sS hospitals. 

Amt XIV. Dental Bureau. 

Amt XV. riedical Supply and Eouipraeni. The office was controlled 

by Brigr defuhrer and I>laj. General of Wax*fen-SE Dr. Carl Jilumenreuter. 

Ar.it XVI. Bureau of Medical Treatment. 

OTHEI OIFIC.S OF KIZ OMäEATIOHAL I'AIN 0; FICE 

1. I7ar Reporters Section. This office was headed by Günther d'Alquen, 

chief editor of the Schv/.-rze Korps (official 3§ Newspaper). The SS ccrpe 

of war reporters was officially known as; SS Sfondajtr? ft 1 ?*- E«?«"•$. 

2. Headquarters Section. This office included a special signals 

branch, a transportation officer under f>5 (Obersturmbannführer Ladewig), and 

probably also the Coxier Of.ice (see AjitÎIl) aid the Travel Office. 

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do Reichssicherheitahauptamt (RSHA)(Reich Security 

Main Office of Security) Former address: 

Albrechtspalais, Prinz Albrecht 

Str. 8-9 

Berlin S.W. 11 

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Chief of the Relchssicherheitshauptamt wGs SS-Obergruppeh- 

fuhrer Ernst Kaltenbrunner. The ReichsSicherheitshauptamt 

was one of the main offices of the Supreme Command of the SS 

and at the saê time «.division within the Ministry of the 

Interior. It represented a amalgamation of the functions 

#nd administration of the regiiiar police forces with those 

of the Party, In 1934 The Hauptamt Sicherheitspolizei (Main 

Office of the Security Police) was merged with the SS-Slch- 

erhe11shnuptarnt der ReIchsfuhrung SS (Reich Main Office of the 

SD, ice-, the Security Office) to form the Relchsaicherhelt- 

shauptar.t. 

This office because the combined headquarters of the 

Sipo and SD. It also controlled a number of police train 

ing schools. 

The RSHA was divided into eight offices: 

Amt I ° Personal (Personnel). Chief was SS 

— -j 

Crruppenfonrer Erwin Schulz. The office was 

concerned with p* rsonnel matters of both 

Sipo and SD. However, Amt VI retained a 

considerable measure of autonomy in the admin 

istration of SD personnel and agents at?o>ad 

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T 135 - 

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Amt II - Organisation, Verwaltung; und Recht 

(Organization, Administration, and L&W)Q 

Chief of this office was SS-Obersturmbaumn 

fuhrer Hacnel. Amt II wa3 concerned with 

the organization and administration of the 

combined Sipo and SD. Evidence has been found 

which indicates that Section D of this office 

' in charge of Motor Transport was in charge 

of the fitting and disposal of the "Death Vans" 

used for the gassing of internees and prisoners«,!/ 

Amt III - Deutsch* Lebensgablete (Spheres of 

German Life).Head of this office was SS~Brlgf. 

Ohlendorf• This office directed the principe "* 

functions of the SD inside Germany and 4 

cupied territories. It was the control nead^ 

quarters for all SD Leitabschnitteg Abschnitte, 

Hauptaussensteilen and Aussensteilen In the 

Reich» It also functioned abroad where It was 

in 

represented by Abtsilung litany given Einsatz- 

kommando and in the office of a BdS. Its main 

task was the collection, by open or secret 

methods of information concerning events and 

tendencies liable to affect Nazi control at home 

and gathered intelligence for the control of all 

T. Captured Document, available in the Document Section öf 

the X-2 V»ar Room In London. 

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tf& ' 

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religious, cultural, and economic activities, 

especially for the suppression of anti-Nazi 

elements. its organization followed these 

lines: 

n 

Geschäftestelle (Administration Office) 

Peraonalanr,elep;enheiten (Personnel Matters) 

n 

Geschaftsvertellunfisplan (Distribution of Work) 

Geschaftsaktenplan (Standard Filing System) 

Statistik (Statistics) 

Geheimreglstratur Registry of Classified Documents) 

III A 

Gruppe IIP A (Gemeinschaftsieben 

Allgemein (General Community Life) 

*•• Organiaajon der Arbelt (Organisation of 

V»ork) also known as Allgemeine fragen 

der Lebensgebietstirbelt (General 

questions of Amt III work) This office 

planned and records«! the work carried 

out by Amt III. 

111 2. Rechtsloben Allgemein (General Legal 

. Matters) Did research on laws and for 

warded the results to the ReichsJustiz 

mlnlsterium. It also appears to hnve 

dealt with specific cases of viola 

tions of the law, reporting such cases 

to the Gestapo or Kripo for action» 

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- 137 - SBC.iET 

111 A 3«. Verwaltung Allgemein -(Administration 

in General) Investigated administra 

tive matters. Supervised all police 

personnel. 

Ill A 4„ Allgemeines Volksleben (General 

' National Life) Had almost unlimited 

scope in the survaillance of indivi 

duals and the community to detect pos 

sible anti-Nazi tendencies, written or 

spoken. Also investigated relations 

between the Party and the Armed Forces« 

III A 4g (Geheim - secret) Reported to have 

kept under surveillance all leading 

personalities In t;he Nazi Party with 

the rank of Kreisj.eiter and above« 

III A5 This section took care of cooperation 

between £IPQ and SD> and othe? police 

and government agencies; It also handled 

general problems of police law» 

Gruppe III B - Volkatum und Volks- 

ßesundholt (The V.elfare of the German 

people and the German Race) 

III Bx# Deutsches Volkstum (German"Racial 

Heritage"). Ill bl is believed to 

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- 138 - SECHST 

have been Intended to become an 

important office only after German 

victory. Reports indicate that It 

made extorsive plans for German 

expansion. 

Ill B 2. Fremdes Volkstxan und Minderheiten 

(Foreign "Races" and Minorities)» This 

section dealt with relations between 

Germans and people of other nations as 

well as Minorities within kermnny. It 

is reported to have been inajrur-- 

mental in the liquidation of the* Jews 

in Poland, the resettlement of Poles, 

and their "Germanisatlon." Utilization 

of foreign workers 13 another question 

known to have been dealt with by this 

office. 

Ill B 3.. aase~unfl Yolkaêsundheit (Health of the 

»rrnan Rocs and People) Handled general 

pecta of national health. This office 

s apparently al-jo Interested In the 

lpofiition of th« "Germanic" S3 forma- 

ns. It probably maintained liaison 

;h the S3 Ra3se-und Sledlunfinhauptamt 

(SS Race and Settlement Department)» 

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- 139 - SECRJ 

III B 4o Staatse.niehoa{ koit, Vtandeninf, und 

Siedlung (Citizenship, Migration, 

and settlement). Dealt with such 

matters as the re sott lenient of fami- 

lies who came undar Oermen jvînidiction. 

as a result of tho expansion of the 

Reich. Close liaison was probably 

maintained with the Volksdeutsche 

Mittelst ilia. This office also handled 

all question;; of citizenship and nat 

uralization fron the SD point o.i view- 

Ill B5. Innerpcl it. Ische Laf;e der besetzten 

III C 

Gebiete [Political Conditions In Oc 

cupied Territories) This section 

studied tha attitude of the tiatlva 

population in occupied territories. 

äruppe I?:i*C Kultur (Culture) 

1. Wissenschaft und Hochschule - (Sciences 

and Higher Education) Mainly the super- 

vision of universities, colleges, and 

similar institutions. 

Ill C 2. Erziehungf Rellglogoa Leben und Sport 

(Education, Religious Matters and 

Sport) r /!his was one of the largest 

offices in Ant III. Its-sub-offleas 

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i

- x*u - SCRET 

dealt with a'Echoolfjj ] ^ youth In 

general (including disciplinary oempo 

for juveniles); c ) c,; d ) religious 

• problems. Among the specific problems 

known to have been dealt with In this 

last category were reports on the clergy's 

attitude ;c political apsechea and pro 

paganda among opposition church groups. 

1H c 3o Kulturelle 3 Leben (Cultural Waiters) 

In general, the investigation of artists 

from the UazI point .of view. 

HI c 4 Allgemeine, Propaganda-Presse, S^hrlfttinn^ 

Rundfunk (Propaganda in goner&.l » Press, 

Literatur«, and Radlo) Ulis was the 

counterpart of III C 3. in the field of 

of propaganda and literature« 

Gruppe III D Allgemeine VdlrSschaftspolltik 

(Gonsral Kconcmic Policy) 

III Di„A^rarpoli'.l-c, Fora;':wl^tschuft uric Srna- 

hrung (Agricultural Policy, Forestry and 

Pood Distribution) This undertook the 

investigation of every aspect 0 Icul- 

ture and forestry. 

Ill D 2 Handel, Handwerk und Verkehr ('ärales, 

Crafts, .Traffic, and ^cmmunicafclcna) 

111 D 3.Firingveaen (Finance) 

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III D 40 Industrie und Energiewirtschaft (Ind 

ustry and Power Supply) 

III D ^. Arbeitseinsatz und Sozialwesen (Employ« 

ment of Labor and Matters of Social 

Vtelfare. 

Amt IV-Gegnererforschunf und Cegnerbekamp- 

fung (Investigation and Combatting of 

opposition) - also kncwn as the Geheime 

Staatspoilisiamtt abbr. Gestapo. Head 

of this office was 3S~Ibergruppeifuhrer 

Miller. It was responsible for the in 

vestigation and suppression of opposition 

to the Nazi regime. It controlled a 

vast network of headquarters of varlou3 

sizss, called LeitsteIIenf Stellan, 

Ausaendlenatstellen, and Aussens teilen? 

After the dissolution of the. former Abwehg, 

a section of the Supreme Command of the 

Armed Forces, it took over from Military 

Intelligence al 1 c ountaresplonage work 

and combined It with similar activities 

in the political field. This necessi tated 

a complete reorganisation of Amt IV during 

the summer of 1944» 

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H

- 142 » SECRET 

Amt IV received much of its direction 

and many of its cases from the SD and 

shared the function of domestic espionage» 

Its decisions were not subject to, or 

limited by, any revision of the ordinary 

judiciary. It could call on the services 

of all other police branches in Germany 

and occupies territories and issue order 

and directions to them. 

In German terminology the Gestapo «as 

" : geisunf sberochtlgt gep.onuber allen anderen 

Zweigen der Polizei«" (Endowed with directsve 

powor over all other branches of the Police)» 

Amt V-Verbrechensbekämpfung (Combatting 

of Crime) Head of this office was S3n 

Oberführer Panzlnger (formerly SS-Grup- . 

penfuhrer Arthur Nebg also known a8 the 

Keichskrimlhalpolizeiamt (RKFA). Tills 

office was the national headquarters of 

the Relchskr^.mlnalpollzel (ffiPip_o~Criminal 

Police). It controller, a vast network of 

criminal police offices. The line dividing 

cases of interest to the Gestapo and those 

within the field of the Kripo was frequently 

rather vague« Booperatlon between Amt IV


and Amt V was therefore very close» 

V»hereaa the Gestapo was concerned with 

crimes menacing the German Reich, the 

Kripo was supposed to deal with crimes 

menacing the German people„ The Nasi 

regime extended the concept of com~ 

hatting crime to include prevention 

in the most ruthless sense. It was 

the duty of the Kripo not only to 

protect public safety in the face of 

crime but be/ond that to strengthen 

and safeguaru the German nation. This 

led to the arrest of potential criminals 

and the persecution of "anti-social" 

elements. 

Amt VI - Aus.-and (Foreign Countries J 

Head of this office was SS~Brigade~ 

fuhrer Schel'.enbsrg, &s the foreign branch 

of the SD intelligence system, the Ausland 

was mainly concerned with espionage» 

sabotage, ana Subversion in territories 

not under the direct control of the Reich, 

so that its functions cid not overlap 

those of Ant III. The work was reinforced 

after June 1944 by the military intelli 

gence and sabotage services of the former 

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1.44 - SECRET 

Abwehr (Military Intelligence of tha 

OK»). 

Much of the information needed by 

Amt VI for the successful execution of 

its main assignments had to be collected 

in occupied territory by its agents, who 

therefore worked in cooperation with those of 

Amt III. In addition to this, Amt Vi main 

tained an extensive network of agents for 

espionage in every satellite, neutral, and 

hostile count:*:, ; the information gai ned was 

then sent bacJc to Amt VI, where it wes sorted 

and evaluated. 

Breakdown of Amt VI —' 

Offices of Amt VI »ere established aa 

Abteilung VI within many of the SIPO and 

SD .headquarters In occupied territories» In 

mp-ay lnstancea, a clear-cut chain of command 

and channel of sommunicat tons could not be 

maintained; frequently, therefore, Amt VI 

representatives received orders from and 

submitted reports to the main headquarters 

In Berlin without intermediaries. 

Business Offices 

ii 

A» General ûties -~ SS-Qbersturmbnnfuhrer Fllber 

17 State Department Document No.. 862-105/54 

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145 - SEC3ET 

lc General organization of Intelligence service 

2» Management of media of intelligence 

3. Care of the VM (meaning unknown - perhaps 

Verkehr ami ttal, i.e., means of communication)' 

in foreign countries - SS Hauptsturmfuhrer 

Seidel. 

4. Intelligence service, cooperation with state 

and political organizations - 

II 

SS Obergturrr.f ihrer Vorauer it 

5. Radio monitoring - SS Obersturmführer Gottlob 

tt 

6. Review of foreign press - SS Sturmbannführer 

Siebert 

7o Liaison with Intelligence School 

Bo Communication of Intelligence and Technique of In 

telligence in Foreign Countries 

SS Sturmbannführer^ Naujoks 

it • 

East — SS Sturmbannfulirer von Viettlnhoff-Scheel 

n n 

Southeast —* SS Sturmbannführer Gottsch 

it 

1« Hungary, Slovakia — SS Hauptsturmfuhrer Hanke 

2. Yugoslavia 

it 

3» Rumania - SS Obersturmführer Vnanneck 

n 

4. Bulgaria, Greece - SS Obersturmführer Langlotz 

5. Turkey and Near Eastern States » SS Hauptstürmn 

fuhrer Hagen 

South — SS Sturmbannführer Ro3sner 

n 

V.est — SS Hauptsturmfuhrer Dialstein 

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it 

Northwest = SS Sturmbannführer Daufeldt 

tl 

1. England •= SS Obersturmführer Zuchristian 

2. USA 

3. North 

C Observation of "Keltanschauliche" opponents in Foreign 

Countries — SS Sturmbannführer Knochen 

lo Masonry and Anti-Masonry 

2. Jewry and Anti-Senitism 

3. "Political churchen" - SS Haupsturmfuhrer Hacen 

4. Cornmunish and Marxism 

5« Liberalism and the emigration 

6o Legitimism and Rightist movements - SS Hauptsti 

türmfuhrer Christtmsen 

Amt VII Y.eltannchaullche Erforschung und 

Auswertung (Idoologlcal Research and Its 

Exploitation) Head of this office was SS- 

übersturmbanrfiihrer Dittie (formerly SS- 

Oberführer Six?. Amt VII was added to RSHA 

in 1940o It doalt with occupied and satellite 

countries and was concerned with political 

warfare and of ideological supervision es 

pecially In the academic field. The result 

of its research was made available to the 

RSIIA and the Foreign Office. 

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ii ti 

- - 1 -*' -• , SECRET 

Militärisches Amt. The Mllltarlachoa Amt (Mino 

tary Office) was'Incorporated only fairly recently 

into the RSHA. It hftd preciously existed as the Abwehr 

(Military Intelligence of the OKW German High Command) * 

Originally, the SD, as the political information sorvica 

of the Party and State, and the Abwehr, as the mili 

tary Intelligence system operated by and for the Armed 

Forces, were able -to function side by 3lde without 

clashing' However, as the war progressed and the Ger- 

man military situation deteriorated, friction arose between 

the two organizations. Ono of the reaons for this 

friction was the basic difference between the personne1 

of the two agencies, the SD being staffed by the most 

fanitical followere of the Nazi Part^, and the Abwehr 

being composed of General Staff officers, moat of whom 

had favored National Socialism only for reaons of 

political expediency. Another reason was the expansion 

of the SD; as military conquests added foreign terri 

tories to the Reich, the SD, through Amt VI, too* over 

many functions of espionage and sabotage which might 

ordinarily have been the responsibility of military in 

telligence. 

In June 1944, the influence of the Party in mili 

tary matters had increased to such a point that the 

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„148- SECRET 

Abwehr was disbanded. Its offices became a bureau of 

the RSHA under the name of Militärisches Amt, and the 

major pa?t of its functions, as well as the funds al 

lotted to them, were taken over by the SD. The 

Militärisches Amt became closely associated and perhaps 

actually attached to Amt VI, under the com.uand of SS 

Brlgade-Puhrer Schellenbaign 

ti 

The functions of ;le Militärisches Amt, as taken 

over from the Abwehr, wer; a) Positive Intelligence,Including 

r «my, navy, and air force intelligence (consoft 

lidatad into one section of the Militärisches Amt), radio, 

secret Inks, and economics; ' Sabotage, and ^Counter- 

Intelligence (Includin. military counter-espionage and 

counter-espionage of c.wilian agents )o 

Attache-Gruppe. A special independent section In the 

RSHA, directly subordinated to th? Chef der Sicherheit 

spolizei und det- SD v/as ;be Attac.ie~0ruppe. This section 

was founded In August 1942 to combine all functions con 

nected with the work of the Polizei Attaches (Police 

Attaches) at German embassies and legations in neutral 

satellite states. 

SS-Rasse und Sledl.xnr.s Hauptamt (SS Race and Settlement 

Main Office) Address: Berlin S.VV 68 Hedemannstrasse 23-24 

u 

The head of the department was SS Obergruppenführer 

and General of the. Police Richard Hildebrandt. Former heads 

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fi « 

of the department were SS Gruppenführer Günther Pancke 

n 

and Gruppenfuhrer Ottc Hoffmann. The Rasse und Sled- 

lungs Hauptamt was one of the throe oldest main depart- 

ments of the central direction of the SS (Reichsfuhrung 

SS)o Prior to 1940 it had a wide range of activities, 

but in 1940 in the general reorganization of the central , 

administration of the SS the Rasae und Siedlungs Hauptant 

lost several of its departments. 

Its main function was to translate into practice 

the general racial theories of the SS ideology, zj In 

putting these theories into practice the RSHA assumed 

authority in all matters of applied "race" geneology, 

e.g., the issuance of marriage permits within the SS. 

It was responsible for the execution of the policy of 

settling SS iron» especially ex-servicemen, as peasants 

and colonists (V.ehrbauern) in the borderlands of the 

Reich and in occupied (Eastern) territories of the Reiche 

In the resettlement of racial Germans repatriated from 

Eastern and South-Eastern Europe it cooperated with such 

SS-controlled organizations as the Volksdeutsche Mlttelii 

stelle and the Office of the Relchkomml3 3ar fur die 

Festirunr des Deutschen Volkstums (Reichs Commissioner for 

the Consolidation of Cernan Folkdom^. 

1/ i-'or details of tho Ideology see paper Nazi Health 

and Racial Policy. R&A No. 3114«7» 

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- 150 - 

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RuSHA was also responsible for the welfare of 

families of SS men. Hero it had three main obligations: 

1. Care of orphans a^ widows of SS 

men killeii in the rar 

2. Care of all children born to So men 

during the war,«including cere cf 

pregnant «-omen 

3. Care of familii-a and dependents of SS men 

serving; lr Armed Forces or in the Viaffen 

• SS in all cases of distress, hardship, or 

private difficulty 

In July 1944, the administration of pensions for 

non-active members of the Waffen-SS, Police, and SD was 

transferred to the Reich Labor Minister, but RuSHA re« 

tained responsibility for pensions for those on the active 

list and for the welfare of the whole police force. Mem 

bers of the Waffen SS enjoyed the advantages of the wel 

fare and pensions system established by law for the 

Armed Forces, plus these sf the private SS welfare system. 

'.There Is no exact information on the internal 

orcanization of RuSHA. In 1341 it was thought to com 

prise four main bureaus: 

I. Amt Verwaltung und Organisation (Of 11 ce 

for Administration and Organization) This office 

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coordinated the other bureaus of the RuSHA.' It was 

responsible for all problems of organization, personnel, 

and equipment. It probably controlled Personalstelle 

RuSHA (Personnel Section) which, it is believed, dealt 

with the administration of the personnel of RuSHA and 

its regional officers ard staffs« 

II. Rassenamt or Ra3sennrmptamt (Racial 

Office) Chief of tils office wa^ SS-Cruf. Harald Turnero 

This office had the general task of demonstrating and 

publicising the basic racial dogma of the SS that "blood" 

alone determines history, ethics, lpiw, and economics0 

It probably absorbed most of the functions of the 

former Sippenamt which wa3 responsible for; 

1) Maintenance of doctrines of family or 

tribal solidarity in the SS as a whole» 

2) Supervision of general welfare of the SS, 

especially the welfare of dependents of SS men in Armed 

Forces. 

5) Examination of racial fitness and ancestral 

descent of both present members of SS and of new entrants 

into SS; maintenance of the Slppenbuch (Oenealogieal Book) 

of the SS* 

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It probably controlled: 

- J- 0 ^ " SECRET 

1) HauptabteiIjng Fürsorge (Welfare Section) 

Thi3 section dealt with the domestic welfare work of 

the SS and also with supplementary welfare assistance 

given to SS men in the Arned Forces or to their dependents 

over and above any state financed assistance.' 

2) Amt fur Angahorlgeuunternalt in Ausland 

(Office for Dependents' Allo*ances Abroad) Chief of this 

Office was SS~Standf. Uhli£. This office de^lt with the 

welfare of dependents of foreign SS men. 

3) Ahnentafej-a'it (Office for Genealogical 

Research) This office undertook research into tho an 

cestry and genealogy of members of SS. It assisted in 

producing requisite genealogical data for engagement » n d 

marriage applications from SS members» 

III« Heirataamt (Marriage Office) This office 

was orJ.ginally Part of the Slppanamt but appears to have 

been c« gear a ted. It was responsible for' scrutinizing 

engagement and marriage applications and taking decision 

upon them. 

IV. Sledlungsamt (Settlement Office) This 

office was responsible for the registration of all SS 

men who were willing to settle as farmer colonists in 

occupied eastern territory and far employment of those 

SECRET


« ii 

no longer fit for active service in SS settlement and 

welfare schemes in that area« 

In Decemoer 1944 RuSHÄ w„a described $a com 

prising: not onlj the fore{ oln[ bureaus but also the 

following; 

Da3 Schulunfsar.b (Office of Education) This 

office handled racial propaganda* 

Das Amu fur Archiy-und Ze.itun^sv/eaon (Office of 

Records and Propaganda) This office employed various 

media of information to disseminate propaganda advocating 

what was described as a "German peasantry bound to the soil 

at home, the expansion of German farmland abroad, and thus 

the creation of a new German agriculture." This bureau 

also organized exhibits in order to promote its theorieso 

Da3 Amt Pur Bevolkerungspolltlk (Office of 

Population Policy) This office was described aathe 

"holiest office of decision in matters of hereditary 

health." It trained physicians in matters concerning; 

"racial" principles, heredity, and sexual problems. 

ti 

Das Amt für Volksr.e sundholt (Office for National 

Health) This office disseminated information on eugenics 

and provided medical education for the German public in 

general«. 

Das Umsledlunj stmt (Office for Population Transferal 

The title of this office is self-explanatory» 

SECRET

RuSHA were: 

• 154 ~ SECRET 

Other branches and offices connected with 

i« 

Sammelstelle fur Verluste Im Kriege (V*ar 

Casualties Office) According to a decree of RFSS dated 

June 1940, this branch of RuSHA was responsible for 

the caro of children whose fathers had been killed in 

the war, and of their mothers. The Sammelstelle had 

the responsibility, in cooperation with the SS Cberabsch« 

nitte, of investigating the economic circumstances of the 

dependents of fallen SS men. In cases where the state 

pension and allowances were insufficient, immediate 

assistance was to be granted. It is possible, however, in 

view of the overlapping- nature of the work and the close 

bonnection between RuSHA and HPVA, that this branch was 

N 

Identical with the Auskunftstelle fur Krio^sverluste der 

V>flffen~SS ( Information Office for Y

- zoo - SECRET 

Originally thisoffice was in the Reich Ministry 

of the Interior. In 1943 it probably passe»; under the 

{eneral supervision, if not control, of RuSHA. 

It controlled the SS Entlassungtelle (Dis 

charge Office) It was responsible for the retraining, 

rehabilitation, and discharge of medically unfit SS men. 

Verein "Lebensborn e.V."(The Lebensborn 

Society);, "Lebensborn" was a registered society attached 

to, an»» supervised by, the Personal Staff of the Rt'SS« 

It was responsible for the care for children of SS men» 

There was fairly close cooperation between RuSHA and Le 

bensborn, owing to the overlapping nature of their work* 

Functionally, Lebensborn represented an extension of the 

field of activity of RuSIlA. It was incorporated in 

RuS T IA, although It retained Its separate Identity. 

This office was the executive headquarters of 

the society. It controlled the Lebensborn homes, dealt 

with the ordinary business of the society, and with 

RuSHA, which was the normal channel through which Infi 

1/ 

structions were received from the Reichsfuhrung-SS. 

1 / iôr detailed information, see report on Nazi, 

health and Racial Policies, R&A No. 3114.7 

SECRET

- 156 - SECKLT 

On the regional level RuSHA controlled the 

Section for Rasse-und Siaelungwesen within the Admin 

istration of the SS-Oberabschnitte (SS District.-) p.s well 

as the Slppenpfle/'estellen (Family Eugenics Offices) in 

these areas« 

f• SS-V>irtschafts-und Verwaltungs Hauptamt (SS_ 

.Economic and .Administrative, i;ain Offices) Kaln address: 

Lerlin-Lichterfelde, branch offices thoughout Germany and 

occupied Europe. Chief of this main office'was Oberj rupp - 

n 

enfuhrer and General der hoffen SS Oswald Pohl. It is 

worthwhile to note that he was also a hi(h official in 

the Ministry of the Interior, president of the SS»operated 

Deutsche Sledlungsgesellschgft German Colonization Corpo 

ration which was the largest landowner in Europe, and 

in charge of all Legal and Property Matters for the Ger= 

man Red Cross- In his post as administrator for the 

entire SS (¥orwaltungsch&f~SS) he was the representative 

of the Party Treasurer (Roichsschatzmelater), Schwartz» 

it 

His deputies were Jbergruppenfuhrer August Krank 

n 

and SS-Gruppenfuhrer and Lt. Gen. of Kaffen SS Lorner. 

1'ollowing the organizational .shake»up In 1941 

the V.VIIA combined tho operations of the Hauptamt Haushalt 

und Lauten in the Uinlstry of Interior (of which Pohl was 

chief, the Inspektorat der Konzentrationslager (under 

SECRET

107 - SECRET 

Richard Glücks), and the Varwaltunpjsamt of the SS 

(under Prank). The importance of the Y.VHA can hardly 

be overestimated. As the administrative office for the 

it 

concentration camps,/is directly responsible for the 

administration of policies permitting the perpetration 

of uncounted atrocities against millions of inmates. 

nowever, within the general function of the V.VHA, the 

administration of concentration camps wa3 only a part, 

though a vital part, of the over-all policy. This policy 

aimed at the establishment of tho SS as an entrepreneur 

of the first order, through exploitation of the natural 

resources of occupied Europe. The cheap laôr which 

the concentration car. p3 offered was one of these re 

sources and one which permitted it to compete success 

fully on the market, so to expand the productive capacity 

of Germany as to provide the surplus output necessary if 

war were to be risKod. 

Himmler, in his spsech to hifh officials of the 

OKW, on 16 October 1943,poiated out "But as you have them 

(the political and criminal prisoners) under lock and key -— 

usinf, them, by the way, in & very practical manner for 

armament purposes and thus supplying the armament in 

dustry with many millions of working; hours -the .security 

position has become better year by year." The close co 

ordination of concentration camp administration with the 

SECHET


SS Economic Enterprises a id with the Administration of 

the entire SS was a vitel part of the Nazi plan for ex 

ploitation of Europe: 

divisions: 

Functionally, the W/HA was divided into five 

A) Finance, Law, and Administration (Truppen- 

Verwaltung) 

L) Supply, billeting,, and Equipment 

(Truppenwirtschaft) 

C) Works and Buildings (bauweten) 

D) Concentration Camps (Führung und Verwaltung 

der Konzentrationslager.) 

L) Economic Enterprises (lijlrtschaftsunter~ 

n.ehiaun{;en) 

Amtsfiruppe A - Truppenverwaltunj- (Finance, Law 

and Administration) Chief of the division, was i->ri£jade- 

ii 

fuhrer Fanzlau, nlso in charge of Amt V. Though the 

Finance Division of the SS was responsible to the Hauptamt 

VI.Relchareviaioriaamt (Reich Auditing Office) of the 

Party Treasurer, it is not known to what extent the 

Party Treasurer actually administered SS property. The 

were 

finances of the V.affen-SS/oy an order of 28 June 1939 

plQced under the control of the Reichs Minister of 

Finance and Its property under that of the Ministry of 

Interior» 

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Offices within the divison were: 

Amt I. Haushalt .samt (budeet) 

Amt II. Kaaaen and Besoldunâwesen 

(Administration under SS- 

Qberaturmhannfuhrer Kgtert of pay 

and allowances) 

Ant III. Verwal t'inrarcchtswesen (Lepal Admin- 

istratf.on). Thi3 dealt with rents, 

mortâêjs, lawsuits, and compensa 

tions


(Military Matters), with with Sturmbann- 

it 

fuhrer August Harbaum in charge which dealt 

with personnel within the division. 

Other Offices controlled by Amtsr.ruppe A 

were the Raclinun^sstelk (V.VIIA Accounts Office); and 

the Hauptkasse (IWHA Financial Office at Munich. 

Amtsgruppe B; uppenwlrtschaft (Supply, 

Billeting, and Equipment) Chief of the division was SS~ 

II 19 

brlgjadefulirer Lorner. It must be kept in mind that the 

SS maintained its own system of supply distinct from the 

Vehrmacht, and not subject to army control. It ran a net- 

work of depots and stores throughout Germany and Occupied 

Europe. Operationally, these came under the control of 

it 

the Fuhruncshauptant, but the V.-VHA, through Amtsgruppe B, 

wa3 in charce of the detailed administration of depots. 

Hi© Fuhrun/*3hauptarnt dealt with armament and technical 

equipment, while the V4VIIA directed procurement of rations, 

clothing, wood, coal, fodder and personal equipment. 

Amt I. Verpflerjunr.samt (Rations); office chief 

11 

was SS-Obersturmbannführer I loser« The bureau was pre 

sumably divided Into thrae sections, Planning, Procurement 

and Experimentation. It also controlled a Chemical Labor- 

atory» 

SECRET

- 1G1 - SECRET 

Amt II. Bekleidung'swirtschaft (Clothing, 

Uniforms, and Personal Equipment), also referred to as 

Klelderka3se. This office was headed by SS-Obersuurm- 

bannfuhrer Fritz Lechler. It probably included sections 

for Planning, Procurement, and Production.» 

Amt III Unterkunft8v,irt8chaft (General Provision 

of Equipment and Stores for Billets and Accommodation) 

n 

This office -was headed by SS-Standartenfuhrer Roberlein 

his deputy was Sturmbannführer Anton Blaser 

Amt IV. Rohstoffe und Beschaffung; (Raw Materialsv 

Bulk Purchases Foreign Currency) This office was headed 

by SS-Sturrnbennfuhrer V.'ef.rel. He wRs in charge of bulk 

purchases of leather and "cextiles for the SS,, and main 

tained close contact with the Raw Materials Office of the 

Personal Staff and with AmtoriTupppr (Economic Enter 

prises in matters directly related to its activities. 

Ant Vo Verkehrswesen (Moto:? Transport, Machinery, 

Weapons and Supply' o This office *53 headed by SS°Qbern 

aturmbanifulirer R- Jolf Scheide. 

Ants^rr jpe C: Bauwesen (Works and Buildings) 

n~ 

Gruppe nfuhrer a; d Lt. Gen. of the Waffen"SS Dr. Ing 

Kammler supervised the building activity of the SS. His 

division worked in close liaison with Hauptamt Haushalt 

und Bauten under the Chief of the German Police in the 

ministry of the Interior, and was responsible for the 

SECRET

" **"' " SECRET 

construction of barracks, carps, training grounds, 

fiela works and fortifications, roads, and even experi° 

mental rocket sites. It also took part in the re-open» 

in/ of minos and the exploitation of timber ]a ndsJ^ In 

addition,, Kamriler Is presumably identical with The high 

SS '"eader who was In charge of the development of V^ and 

Vo weapons 

in occupied territories Front Labor Units (SS» 

Baubrigaden (Construction Brigades) composed of concen 

tration camp prisoners assisted in clearing bombod areas 

under SS direction.' Within the Works and Buildings Dlvl° 

sion the following bureaus existed; 

Amt I. Allgemeine Bauaufgaben (General Building) 

This bureau probably had four sections, three of which 

were identified as Waffen SS. Allgemeine SS and Concen 

tration Camps. 

Amt II. Sonderaufgaben (Priority Undertakings) 

ii 

were directed by SS-Obersturmbannfuhrer Max Kiefer 

Problems) 

Amt III. Technische Fachgebiete (Technical 

Amt IV. Künstlerische Fachgebiete (Decoration 

II 

and Furnishing) SS-Sturxr.bannfuhrer Thilo Schneider and Fritz 

17 cf. Interrogation of Professor Osenberg: Evaluation 

report 51. OSS #XL 11010 

SECRET


blaschek were In charge. ThQre were two sections, one 

for Municipal Projects and another for Rural Projects. 

Amt V» SS Zentrale Bauinspaktion (Central 

Bullding Inspectorate). Deputy Chief was SS=Sturmbann~ 

it 

fuhrer Prinz (E) L. This office dealt with all natters 

affecting the personnel, supply and operationsof the SS- 

Constructlon Units and Construction Enterprises both in 

side and outside of Germany (I.e., SS-Frontarbeiterunter- 

nehmon, SS^baubr:'

- 1G4 - SECRET 

policy of camp administration, security regulations, 

public relations, and coordination of bureaus within the 

division. 

Amt II. Arbeiteinsatz der Häftlinge (Alloca 

tion of Prison Labor). This office, under Standartenn 

fuhrer Gerhard Maurer, included three sections, Einsatz 

(Allocation), Ausbildung (Training) and Verrechung 

(Accounting). 

Amt III. Sanltatswesen und Larerhyftlene (l.edlcal 

Administration). In charge of this office was SS-Stand- 

artenfuhrer Dr. Enno Lolling;. He was responsible for 

all medical and health facilities in concentration camps, 

and supervised medical porsonnel, both staff and prisoners0 

Amt IV. Konzentratlonslaferverwaltun^ (General 

Administration of Camps and Camp Staff). Chief of this 

office was Anton Kalndl. Three sections hftve been 

Identified, Haushalt (Finance), Kassen (Treasury), Versorûnr, 

(Welfare )

-165 - SECRET 

were farmed out to private enterprise or used on govern« 

ment sub-contracts. It is estimated that one to two 

million workers were involved. This la .»or made the S3 

an almost independent economic system-; '?!?!] control of 

raw materials, factories to proce:»* thum. workers to 

operate the factories, and hundreds of outlets for the 

finished products.*/ 

Amt. \i. I. Deutsch Erd- und Stelnwerke. (Germany 

Pottery V.orks and Quarry), under SS-Sturnbannfuhrer 

Karl I.!ummenthey. Three sections Included Klinker (bricks)* 

Granit (Granite), and Porzellan Betriebe (Porcelain V.orks)0 

Amt II- Baustoffwerke,Zementfabriken und Ziere- 

leleln (bullding Material Plants, Cement Factories, and 

Brickworks In the east) Obera turmbannfuhror Hanns 

Bobermin *

- Abb - .SECRET 

sections: the D.A.W; the Holzbearbeitunr.sbetr lebe 

(Carpentry and Cabinetmaking Industry); and the 

Flechterei (Weaving. 

Amt V. Land- Forst- und Fischereiwirtschaft 

(Agriculture Forestry, and fisheries). Chief was SS- 

Ob e r s t urn bannfuhr er Heinrich Vogel. There were three 

Sections: 

it „ 

1) Deutsche Versuchsanstalt für Ernährung 

und Verpfler.unf.; (German R©search In 

stitute for Nutrition and Food Supply); 

2) Forestry; 

3) Fisheries. 

Amt VI» Textl-und Lederverwerung (Re-processing 

of Textiles and Leather). This office includes the 

Gesellschaft fur Textl- und Lederverwertuni:, mbH. - KL. 

Dachau, t.l. 

Amt VII. bu£h und Bild (Uooks and Pictures). 

ii 

Chief of this Office was SS-Obers türm bannfuhrer ilorst 

Klein: it contained three sections: 

1) Gesellschaft zur Forderung und Pfle ge 

deutscher Kulturdenkmaler (Society for 

the Improvement and Upkeep of German 

Monuments. 

SECRET


2) Externste Ine Stlftunp

supervised the SS Prontarbelterdur£hr;aniT,8larer 

(SS Front Labor Transit Camps) which were set up 

throughout Europe. 

SECRET 

go SS-Peraonal Hauptamt 1/(SS Personnel Kaln Office) 

Address: berlin-Charlottenburg 

v.ilnersdorferstrasse 98-99 

Chief of the SS Personelhauptant (PHA) was 3S~0ber- 

gruppenfuhrer, General d«r Uaffen-SS and Lt. Cen. of 

tho Police Maximilian von Herff. Deputy Chief of the 

SS-Personal Hauptamt was SS-Brlgf. Adolf Katz. The SS 

Personnel Main Office (SS Personal Hauptamt) was a 

development of an earlier 3s central administrative in 

stitution, the SS-Per8cnalkanzlei (Personnel Chancellery) 

In the reorganization of the *>s central offices that took 

plqce in 1940, the Personalkaizlei wns raised to the 

status of a Hauptamt and given its present title. 

The PHA w«s responsible for the selection and ap 

pointment of ^S personnel in all strategic positions« 

Its principle functions *7ere: 

1) Maintenance of the personnel records 

of all officers of the SS, Allgemeine 

S3, SD, and âffen-S3, including the 

(: ermani s che-SS. 

1/ A substantial part of this information is ba3e

-169unü 


2) Preparation of th-a necessary papers in 

connection with dismissals and discharges 

from the SS, except where these had taken 

place as the result of disciplinary or 

judicial proceedings. 

3) Confirmation of all appointments in -the 

officer establishment of the SS, except 

in so far as individual exceptions were 

made for the duratio/i of the war. 

4) Confirmation of all officer promotions 

Note: It ha3 no voice in promotions or ap- 

pointments of SS Officers other than those 

serving in field and depot units. 

5) Production of the SS seniority List, 

(Plenatalterliste der SS)«. 

6) Award of the Totenkopf Ring and the SS 

dagger of honor. The granting of both the 

Totenkopf Ring and ti.ie SS Dagger was dis 

continued as of the beginning of 1943. 

7) Selection of candidates for officer courses at SS 

Officer Training Schools (Junkerschulen) at bad 

Tolz and Braunschwei.> In April 1945 the PHA was 

believed to consist of 

Amtgruppe A 

This was a title only; the Aratsgruppe as such 

had no personnel. Under it were two Amter: 

SECRET

- J-'-L - SECRET 

Amt I. Head of this Office was Qatujfo kranke 

Gricksch. Amt I included the following sections: 

Amt I a(zentral »artel)Registry of incoming and 

outgoing correspondence. 

Amt ^b Stabsabteilunc: Camp commandant 

Amt 1c luhrerreaerve Abteilung (Section for Officers 

in reserve) This office was formed from the personnel of 

the Abt. of the same name In Amt V of FHA. It was taken out 

of Amt "II after incorporation in PIIA. It controlls d all 

officers awaiting postings to field units. Officers in re 

serve were mostly convalescent or attached to replacement 

units. 

Abt 1^ Aktenhaltung Abtelung (Section for Records) 

This office kept records of all S3 officer personnel. How= 

ever, except for the officer staff in the PHA, SS Obera- 

bschnitte and Abschnitte, and latterly also the Junkerschulen, 

individual files (Personalakten) were kept either in the 

Personal Amter of the officers' Dienststelle, or with the 

H^ of the next senior formation. 

Amt II: Head of this Office was SS-brief. Dorffler- 

Schuband. This office was in charge of Junkerschule und 

Fuehrernnchwuchs (Officer Training School and Leadership 

Recruitment) In December 1944, PIIA took over the functions 

and personnel of Amt XI of FHA. The FHA, however, was still 

responsible for the subject matter of the courses at the 

schools. The three schools controlled were in Tola, 

SECRET


Klacenfurt, and Prague. before the war, the PHA (then 

called the SS Peraonalkanzlel) had controlled the Junker 

schulen, but relinquished this command to the FHA at the 

end of 1939* 

• Hauptabteilung B (Main Section B). Chief of this 

section was Standf» becker. In fact. If not In name, this 

was the Peraonalamt der Allf;emeimon SS. it controlled the 

mobilization of staffa (J." ob Stabe) of the Allemeine SS, 

which still functioned - if only to a .very reduced extent - 

through the SS-Oberabachnltte. This section also kept re 

cords of the SS officer personnel in the Volkadeutfl-cho 

n 

Kittelstelle (Voml), Stabshauptamt fur die Fostiûnr des 

Deutschen Volkstums, and Dienatatelle Ilelasmeyer.. Hpt, Abt, 

b had Liaison officers with the Raeae-u Siddlunf• s-Hauptamt 

(RuSH) 

Amtsf.ruppe C: Personal-Amt der V»affen SS (Per 

sonnel Officer of the Combat SS) Head of this division was 

brif.f. Katz. This division was reaponsible for promotions 

and discharge of V.affen-SS officers in combatant units and 

in special aervicea, i.e., judgea, doctors and ao-cal led 

l-'achf uhrer. V.ben a new V.affen-SS Diviaion was formed, the 

Chief of tho PHA the entire reaponaibillty of filling 

tho officer estab ment» 

SECRET

SECRET 

Haupts.beHung D (Polizei) (Main Section: 

Police) This section had two liaison officers, one each 

with the Orpo. Obstet«, I.lolla r»Franzen and one with the 

Sipo, Stubf Lopass. The section's main function was the 

recording of promotions and appointments and coordinating 

of police rank with SS rank» Other offices under PHA 

jurisdiction: 

Verblndungs Offizier zur Wehrmacht (Liaison Of 

ficer to the Armed Forces) Liaison officer with Army, 

Navy, and Airforce was Standf

SECRET 

war. V.hen its new powers were conferred upon it the SS 

Gericht was elevated to the status of an SS Hauptamt and 

given its present title. The Hauptamt SS Gericht was in 

tended to deal with questions of discipline with complaints, 

and with matters concerning the "personal honor" of SS 

members, but its powers were steadily expanded until it 

came to hnve complete jurisdiction over the SS, including 

tho Waffen SS, and the Police. By decrees of 17 October 

1939 and 17 April 1940 the leadership of the Allgemeine SS 

an( i Vîffen SS was exempted from the military jurisdiction of 

the German Army, and SS courts composed of SS men with SS 

prosecutors were established, £/ 

There were a few exceptions to the general 

practice of submitting SS personnel to independent SS legal 

Jurisdiction. By an agreement between the RfSS and the 

V.ehrmacht a regulation was published in 1940 which made In 

dividual members of the SS and Police subject to Armed 

Forces jurisdiction in specific instances« The V.'ehrar '.it 

was to exercise jurisdiction over members of tho SS and 

Police if, as reservists liable lo military service, they 

had committed an offence against military law or if they 

had been actually inducted. Finally, if they were attached 

1/ Decree of 17 October 1939 (Relchsgostzblatt, Part I, 

p. 2107) Decree of 17 April 1940 (Reichsgestzblatt, 

Part I, p. 659)0

~ SECltliT 

to a unit of the Arme£ Forces, the Wehrmacht had authority ' 

over them in matters concerning their tactical employment 

for and during operations. It did not, however, exercise 

legal control over general administrative or personnel 

matters» 

Amt I Rechtsamt (Legal Administration) Chief of 

n n 

this office was SS-Oberfuhrer Günther Reinecke. The office 

dealt with general Is gal and juridical questions; with the 

organization and adxainistration of SS courts and SS legal 

personnel; and with special legal research. The depart 

ment is believed to have boon divided Into the following 

sections: 

A. Recht und Rechtspflege (Legal Administration) 

C. Verwaltung (General Administration) 

D. Personal (Personnel) 

Amt II Disziplinar -und beschwerdewesen (Disciplinary 

Kattors, Complaints, and Appeals) Chief of this office was 

SS Obersturmbannführer Bberhgrdt HInderfeld. This office 

dealt with general matters connected with disciplinary 

offences and complaints forwarded through disciplinary 

channels. It was also the department for all matters re 

lating to the SS code of honor and cases arising from ito 

Amt III Gnadenweaerif Strafvollstreckung,Strafvollzug 

(Pardons, Reprieves, Enforcement and Execution of Sentences) 

Chief of this office was SS-Obersburunbannfuhrer Cunther 

Lurnelster. This office dealt with the general executive 

SECRET

~ 1T?6 - SECRET 

action taken after the sentence of the court was pro 

nounced, i.e., with detail3 of imprisonment; postponement 

or Change of sentence; commitment to prison, punishment 

camps, or special rehabilitation units; pardons, reprieves, 

and remissions of sentence* 

Amt IV Inspektion (Inspectorate) Chief of this 

office was SS Obersturmbannführer Hans Brausse. This 

office supervised the general aork of the SS courts and 

scrutinised all individual cases that came before SS 

Haupstamt Gericht for final adjudication. In addition, it 

was responsible for the Instruction and training of SS 

legal officers. 

io 

s 

Hauptamt Ordnung3pollzei (Main Office of 

Order Police) Address: Berlin. Head of the Hauptamt prior 

to 1943, wa3 SS-Oberstgruppenfuhrer Kurt Daluege; he was 

replaced in 1943 by SS~Oberg:'uppenfuhrer Alfred Kunnenberg. 

11 

However, Daluege remained nominal Chief of the Hauptamt Orpo, 

while V>unnenber^ was called Chef der Ordnungspolizei m.d.F.bo 

(mit der Fuhrung beauftragt, i.e,, Acting ChiefJ^The Hauptamt 

Ordnunr.spollzei was not one of the regular main offices 

of the Supreme Command of the SS, but was generally listed 

as being under the general control of t'he RF-SS.Actually, 

It operated as a department in the Reich ministry of the 

Interior 

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All Police activities concerned with the main 

tenance of order and the protection of public safety were 

cambined in the- Ordnun/.spolizel (OrPo-Order Police; which 

constituted more of a para-military fcrce than an organ 

ization of public servants« There were two categories of 

OrPo: 1) the Polizeivollzuâbeamte (Regular Uniformed 

Police, literally Police Executive Officials) who main 

tained order, directed traffic, protected public safety, 

etc., and 2) the Verwaltunf.apolizei (Administrative Police) 

who did the administrative work. 

The Hauptamt Qrdunr.spollzel was divided into seven 

ti 

Amter - three major offices and four lesser bureaus: 

I. Das Kommandoamt (HIen Command or Operational 

Headquarters of the Regular Police) Head 

of this office was SS-brigf. Plade. This 

office dealt with employment and other 

personnel problems, as well as with medical 

and hygienic services«. It was responsible 

for training ard supply.* 

II. Das Amt Verwaltunr und Recht (Office of 

Administration and Judicial Matters; Head of 

this office was SS-Grnb. Bracht. This office 

SECRET


originally handled all budget, lega}.fand 

administrative affairs. Due to the in 

crease of the burden placed on this office 

during the war, some of its functions were 

handed over to Amt IIIo 

IIIo Df\s VJlrtschaftrverwaltunpsamt (Jffioe for 

the Administration of budget and Supply) 

Head of this office was SS-0f;ruf. August 

Frank. Amt IT3 was added to the Hauptamt 

Or Po some time in 1943 to deal with some 

of the extra werk brought about by the war 

in tho field of• problems of administration 

and supply. It cooperated closely vith 

the V.VHA. 

IV. Das Amt Technische Nothllfe (Bureau of 

the Technical Imergancy Corps) Head: SS 

Gruf. V.illy Schmelcher. 

V. Das Amt Feuerwehren (Bureau of i-'ire brigades) 

Head? Gennay der Polizei; Schnell 

VI. Da3 Kolonial polizelamt (bureau of Colonial 

Police) Head until middle 1944): SS-Oßruf» 

Karl von Pfeffer-Y.ildentrucho 

VII. Dam Amt Technische SS und Pollzolakademle 

bureau of the Technical SS and Police Adademy). 

Head: SS-brigf• H (erloff. 

six: RET


In addition to these seven mtiin bureaus, the 

Hauptamt örPo also include-: the following Inspectors 

who supervised the activities of the OrPo and were directly 

responsible to its head: 

Per GeneralÎnspekteur der Schutzpolizei 

der. Reiches (Inspector General of the F.eTich 

Protection Police) 

Der_ General-Inspekteur der Polizeischulen 

TTüIspector General ot Pol'ice bchools) 

Per General-» Inspekteur der Feuer Schutzpolizei 

und Feuerwehren "(Inspector General of the Fire 

Protection Poli( e and of the Fire Brigades) 

ti 

Per General-Inspekteur fur das Sanitatswesen 

(Inspector General'of Police Medical Services) 

fi 

Per Inspekteur für das Nachrichtenwesen 

(Inspector of Signals) 

Per Inspekteur fur V«e 1 tanschauliche Schulung; 

(Inspector for Ideological Indoctrination) 

Per Inspekteur der WasserSchutzpolizei 

(Inspector of the Waterways Protection Police) 

Finally, the following technical Inspectorates 

existed: 

Inspektion für c as Kraftfahr- und Verkehrswesen 

(in K - Inspectorate of M/T and Traffic Control) 

Inspektion fur V.qffen und Gerate (In V.G - 

Inspectorate of'Arms and Equipment) 

Inspektion fur die LuftSchutzpolizei und don 

Luftachutzeinsatz (In L Inspectorate of Air 

Raid Protection and Ai * iiaid Protection Police) 

Inspektion fur rla.3 Veterinarwesen (In Vet= 

Inspectorate of~Police Veterinary Services) 

t SUCRES


There were, further, a number of institutions 

and schools under the direct administration and supervision 

of the Hauptamt OrPo. These Included hospitals, officers 

schools, research institutes, and general training schools 

for the police. 

M Heisameyer 

j» Dienstelle SS-Obergruppenfulirer /(Bureau SS~Ober 

gruppenführer August Helssme/er) Chief of this office wa3 

SS-oberrruppenfuhrer August Heissmeyer. This office, at- 

tachod to Helssmeyer's Superior S S and Police Command in 

Berlin, was responsible for the supervision of the National- 

poll tische Erziehungsanstalten ("Napolis*) 1/ and the 

Heimschulen (German Polk Schools). Both types of schools 

were financed by the Government and were designed to train 

run-of-the-mill Party leader«. Candidates of higher caliber 

were trained at the Adolf Hitler Schulen and the Orden 

sburgen. 

The first Napolis were established in 1933 to 

take the place of former military schools for commissioned 

officers; by the end of the war thirty-four schools of 

this type were functioning. Their specific aim was to 

train a corps of reliable commissioned officers and non-coms 

1/ According to "a recent report, Genlt. d.P0i Kurt Gohrum 

is believed to have replaced Heisameyer as Inspector- 

General for Napoli and the Holmschulen in the letter 

half of 1944 (oas CID 119740T" 

SECRET

- 101 ~ 

SECRET 

for "leading and directing the larga mass of folk com 

rades." In 1941 Jleissmeyer's office was put in exclusive 

charge of thorn; the increase in SS influence was marked., 

Political reliability rather than professional 

competence was the criterion in selection of the teaching 

staff. Most of the schoolmasters wsre SS leaders, and 

even the head of the schools dia not h«ve to be a teacher 

or have a degree in education» The curriculum was like 

that of an ordinary secondary scnool, with sport3 being 

stressed most» Graduates of the Napolis who were permitted 

to select any career they desired, chose military careers. 

^The Napoli at Rottweil, indeed, is reported to h„ve 

been given the task of setting up the Werewolf or» 

ganization/ 

During the war tho Napolis were supplemented by 

the Helmschulen. These were supervised directly by of 

ficials, responsible to Heissneyer, in the offices of 

the Gauleiter end Reichstatthalter. 'The Heimschulen pro 

vided both elementary and high school education, 'ihey 

were intended primarily for the education of the "children 

of front soldiers, men killed in action, armament workers, 

political workers and evacuated families, with special 

emphasis on these active in the Kastern territories." Most 

of them were located in the border territories of the 

Reich and in annexed or occupad territories* One of their 

functions wa3 apparently to re-Germanize "Racial German" 

SLCR3T

children* 

- i.ö

Germans) qualified for resettlement- 


Amt Gehe irr of.iatraur- (Secret Registrar) This 

office maintained secret files and indexes. 

Amt bauten (Office for buildinj;) Under So-Sturm9 

n 

bannfuhrer Noel. 1'his office dealt with housing projects. 

Planung und Zentralbodenamt (Office for Planninc 

tt 

and Central Soil Allotment; under S3-Oberführer Konrad Meyer 

This office planned the allotment o? soil and land in 

Eastern occupied territories. It was described in an in- 

terrofation of Obergruppenführer Sepp Dietrich as one of 

Tlimriler's key offices, and aa one source of his personal 

enrichment. 

Amt Finanz (Finance Office) under SS-Oberführer 

Schwarzenberêr. 

Amt Landwirtschaft (Office for Agriculture), under 

SS-Obersturmbannfuhrer Ferdinand Hlerje. 

sation). 

Abteilung Wiedergutmachung (Section for Compen 

Rechtsabtellunf (Section for Leâl Matters) under 

SS-lIauptsturmfuhrer Dr. Mr sich. 

Sudtiroler Kartei (Files for Sruth Tyrol)„ Possibly 

a sub-division of one of the above offices. 

Sonderreferat Italien (Special Subsection for Italy) 

under Qi)errer;le:runr.srat Schumeier. 

SECRET

- 104 " SECRET 

•*•'• SS-flaup tarnt Volksdeutsche Kitte Is telle,. Chief 

of the Volksdeutsche Mittel stelle was SS- Obergrxippenfuhrer 

Herner Loren2. The VQ;i.ksfle_ut.sche Mittelstelle (VOMI) was 

founded in January 1937. Its early history and functions 

are obscure * Listed as an S^S Hauptamt within the Heichs- 

It 

fuhrung-SS, VOMI was also part of the office of the Relchs- 

kommlssar fur die Festigung des_ deutschen (Reich Commisainer 

for the Consolidation of German Polkdom) 

VOMI was organized as follows; 

Chief office: Berlin »V 35, Am Karlsbad 20 

Chief: £S Obergruppe nf ulirer Uerner Lornns, General 

der Vial'fen SS, £. d. R. 

Deputy of the Chief and Chief of Staff: SS Brigade- 

fuhrer Dr. Behrendt, later: SS Oberführer Ellenaeler 

Press end Polltica:. Departmant; SS Oberaturmbann- 

(i 

fuhrer Riemann 

Finance Department; Heim Lohl 

Personnel Dopartment: SS Obersturmbannführer Radunski 

Economic Department: Lothar Heller 

Library and Archives: SS Sfcurmfuhrer Dr. Luig 

Repatriation and Man power Oepartment: 

N 

SS Hauptsturmfuhrer Klingsporn 

R3presentatlve of VDA: SS Sturmbannführer Dr. Puis 

Liaison Officer with HJ: unknown 

Head of Frauens chaften_: u:iknown 

VOMI had also a number of regional offices 

1/ Based on OSS CID XL 11920 SECRET

were: =J 


VOMI's main functions, according to its chief 

n a) to look after the interests of all 

people of German descent living abroad; 

"b) to encourage and carry out the repat 

riation of people of German descent from 

certain areas." £/ 

VOMI concerned itself chiefly with persona of 

German descent in Central and Eastern Europe who were not 

German citizens. Again, ex cording to Lorenz, Vomi carried 

on the following activities: 

a» Vomi gave economic support to German minorities 

abroad by supplying* individual Germans with capital, land 

or equipment, organizing cooperatives, founding banks,' etc. 

- b. Vomi cared for the welfare of individuals 

or groups within the emigration - facilitating travel of 

Germans to Spas, establishing maternity homes, founding NS 

Frauenschaf ten arid HJ groups (with substantial subsidies) 

building German hospitals, etc. 

c» Vomi tried to influence persons of non-German 

descent - admitting them to German maternity homes and 

1/ The name i3 probably best translated as Central Agency„for 

Ethnic Gerrrans. V.hether it grew out of the Mittel stelle für 

Ausländsdeutsche Volks for schüre which was founded in January 

T&rt by "the üout"sHnOcajgra3^J^ncheri__(Hauahofei-) and the Deutsche 

Aualandslnatitut cannot be determined with assurance. 

y Based on the interrogation of V.erner Lorenz, 26 June 1945, 

OSS CID XL 11920. 

SECRET

- 186 - SLCRLT 

hospitals, inviting forei£n doctors to Germany, and running 

camps for non-German workers in Germany. 

d. During the EaT* Voml was the chief Reich 

agency carrying out larg sea» .repatriation ra sasures, Uy 

July 1944 it had handled over 900,000 persons for resettle 

ment. VOM had field offices for this purpose., Although 

it was not the only organization charged with resettlement, 

it was probably the most important operating agency of 

the Reich in thin field= For this purpose VÖMI undoubt 

edly helped, to build up a file; of all ethnic Germans living 

abroad which was kept in the office cf the Reich Commissioner 

for the consolidation of Gerroandom. 

Vomi's relation to the Um s1e rilung gam t (Hesettle- 

ment Office) which was also lender VKerner Lorenx but which 

was part of the 3S Rasse- und Siedlungshauptamt, is not 

entirely clear. It is possible that VOMI acted as the 

executive branch of the latter in its resettlement activities. 

For purposes of resetttemerit VOKI controlled a'private' 

company, the Deutsche Uwsleilungsgeaellechaft (German 

Resettlement Company) 

e. Voml had a definite say in the supervision 

of German minorities abroad, a function which it probably 

shared with the Volksbundfurdas Deutschtum im Ausland (VDA» 

Folk League for Gerinandom Abroad)i Vomi paid subsidies 

—— 111 1 — 

1/ See discussion of Volks/ruppon In VDA section of this 

Appendixe

- 187 - SLCKKT 

to leaders of German minorities and seems to hqve contri 

buted substantially to their Nazification". A liaison 

office of VDA was represented on the administration of 

Vomi, and, conversely, varioua leaders of German minorities 

were Vomi ac ents

*• The SA (Sturmabteilung) 


1« Origin tind Development The SA (Stu.Tiabteilung. Storm Troop) 

was a formation (Gliederung) of the NSDAP. Its nuclei were trie so- 

called JäDdteBßS&EäEQSl (order-maintenance troops), formed by the 

Nazis in 1921 in order to "protect" their loaders, meetings, aad 

demostrationso In 1921, after a violent battle between the 

Ordnungotruppen and anti-Nazis at a rally in Munich, Hitler gave 

these troops the ne.rae Sturmabteilung (Sk)a 

From then on, the SA 

developed into the principal, terroristic mass organization of the 

NSDAP, a function v;hich it maintained until 1934* after which it 

was gradually overshadowed by the SS0 

The SA bore the brunt of the first mass demonstrations of the 

NSDAP during the years 1922 and 1923; together with the laiejätafiche. 

ffsrbanffe (a Free Corps), the SA demons trat 3d against the Law for 

the Protection of the Republic in iüunich in August 1922 and participated 

in the stormy nationalistic-militaristic Deutsche Tag (German Day) 

in Coburg in October 1922. 

In 1923, after the occupation of the Ruhr by the French, the 

SA was reorganized into a Wehrverband (military league) and mobilized 

for the active fight against the "foreign invaders»"' As such, the SA 

joined the Arbeitsgemeinschaft. der Vaterlandischen Kampfverbande 

1. Hitlerr Mein Kampf. Chapter IX; Qj-gftnAgÂgnsbucb dgr ySDAP, sd. 

Der Reichaorgar^pônêp.er ier NSDAP. München 1940, p. 35Ö ff.; 

Handbuch der Sä. ed. with the permission of the Supreme SA Command, , 

Berlin 1939, p. 13; Daten der Geschichte der NSDAP, ed. H&ns Volz, 

Berlin 1939. 

2 » Ernst Bayer. Dl© SA., ed. on commission of the Supreme SA Command, 

Berlin 1938, p. 9. 

3. Ibid. 

mm

- 109 - , SSCRKT 

(Association of Patriotic Leagues ), a peak organization of para 

military nationalistic and anti-camocratic organizations

- 3.90 SECRET 

The SA was then centrally organised into Groups, Brigades, Standards, 

Troops, and Storm»P -- an organisation basically maintained until 

the breakdown of the Nazi regime» In 1930, after a brief revolt 

of the radical elements in the SA, Pfeffer was retired from the leader 

ship and Hitler made himself Supreme Leader of the SAj Ernst Rohm 

was appointed Chief of Staff of the SA, a position which he held 

until his assassination in 1934« The SA was enlarged by the formation 

of the SA Reserve (for Party members over .forty years of age) in 19299 

and of the SA Hotor Troop in 1930. In 1931, Hitler opened the first 

School for Reich Loaders of the SA and SS in Munich,, 

In the year3 just prior to Hitler* s ascent to power, the 

terroristic activities of the SA reached a new high, culminating 

t it 2 

in the brutal murder,, «f Potempa in the Summer of 1932. Under 

pressure by the leftist parties, t.ne SA was again prohibited for 

the entire Reich territory in April 1932, but the government of 

von Papon lifted the ban as early as June 1932. 

With the seizure of power in 1933$ the SA becane the mass 

instrument for the open Nazi terror against political, racial, and 

ideological oppon the assaults and 

property aeizures, and the pogroms and arsons which took place during 

I» See 3» b, below. 

2„ See "The Attitude of the Nazi Party Toward Political Terror," 

R&A Report No. 3114.1. 

3. See "Crimes Con; it tod in Violation of Domestic German law," 

R&A Report No. 31M2. 

SB3RBT


the first years of the Nazi regiite. In February 1933, Goring, as 

Prussian Prime Minister, issued an order incorporating members 

of the SA into the Prussian police as an "auxiliary police force," 

and the SA was placed in charge of the concentration camps then in 

existence. For example, the concertration camp Oranienburg WHS 

officially designated, as Konzentrationslager Oranienburg der SA 

Standarte 208P with SA Stumbannffh?-er Schaefer in command,, 1 After 

the purge of 1934-, ' the SA gradually relinquished this function to 

the SS. 

In June 1933, the Stahlhelau the para-military organization 

affiliated with the rightist German Kational People's Party, was 

incorporated into the SA„ The SA was now at the peak of its 

power* it had fulfilled its function as "the Guard of the National 

Revolution" which had "carried this revolution to victory«,"' 

Its now legalized supreme authority found expression in the 

Law for Safeguarding the Unity of Party rod State, according to 

which the Chief of Staff of the SA entered the Reich Government us 

a Minister, in order to "secure the closest cooperation bete/eon 

the Party and SA authorities on the cne hand and the public 

authorities on the other „"4 

1° SA Sturmbannführer Schaefers Das Anti-BrfcUnbuch über das erste 

deutsche Konzentrationslager. "Konzentrationslager Oranienburg. n 

26 Bayer, Dê SA. ôc,,cit.. p. 15. 

3. Hitler, speech at Kiel, 7 Hay 1933 (quoted in Ihe Speeches of 

Adolf Hitler, ed. N. H. Baynes, London-New York>1942, p. i8L). 

4. Reichagaaetzblatt 1933, I, p. 10l6„ 

SaCRET

- 192 - 

SECRET 

The turning point in the history of the SA came witii the so- 

1 

called Rßha purge of June 1934.» ^his elimination of the SA leadership 

signalized the decline of the SA, which influential conservative 

circles (particularly in the Wehrmacht and anions the induatrial leadership) 

regarded as the spearhead of "brown bolshevism." Its terroristic 

functions were taken over by the SS. The SA, nevertheless, remained 

one of the most important organisations for ideological, political, 

and physical training "in the spirit of National Socialism." 

As a consequence of the p -rge, the SA iras subjected to a 

thorough reorganization. Ernst Rohm was succeeded in the leadership 

of the SA by Victor Lutze, who held this position until his death 

in May 1943„ The ten highest Si (kroups (SA. Obargruppon) were dis 

solved, and many SA Group Leaders :-eplaced by new persons« The SS, 

until then subordinated to the Supreme SA Command, was made an in- 

p 

dependent organization (the Hltlei* Youth hid been separated from the 

SA in 1932-3). The SA Motor Troop was likewise separated from the 

SA and incorporated into the National Socialist Motor Corps (NSKK).^ 

Beginning in 1939, the SA gained naw importance by reason of 

the fact that it was charged with rhe pre-ailitary training of the German 

youtho The Hitler Decree of 19 January 19» mado the SA "the bearer 

of the pre« and after- military training (vor- und nach-militariache 

Wehrerziehung) i?^ The Bame decree ordered all soldiers honorably 

lc See "Criminal Responsibilities in Connection with the Purga of 1934," 

R&a Report Ho. 3113»1- 

2. Paten der Geschichte MflTJ^g&!> £ oc -•&£*> P- laI ff - 

3. Ibid., p. 107. 

4. Ibid.. p» 102. 

5. Reprinted in Hnnqbuch der SA loc. cit.« frontispice,.-Heer^sverprdblatt, 

vol, 21, no. Si* § m m

" 193 ~ SECRET 

discharged from active service to enter so-called flfehrnannschaften 

(Defense Units) and to affiliate (anzugliedern) V7ith the S&„ 

Organization and training of those units was carried out in co 

operation tfith the Wehrmacht,, 1 

These Wehrmann3chaften apparently formed the nuclei for the 

full-fledged revival of the SA which took place during the years 

1943-1944«> after thn appointment of V7ilhelm Schepmann as successor 

to Lutze« The W^jMrnfiôachaftep wez-e called up throughout the terri 

tory of the Greater German Reich and were made, together with the 

numerous auxiliary Nazi police organizations, the chief instruments 

2 

for maintaining the morale of the home front, and the core of the 

Nazi Mkgsturp, 3 

2o Membership and Strength» Membership in the SA was voluntary 

until 19 January 1939., "Membership in the SA is voluntary."^ The 

SA constitutes the "voluntary political soldlerdom n of "ttie Nazi 

movement. The voluntary character of SA service is greatly emphasized 5 

by official Nazi sources. Thus, the Organisationsbuch der NSDaP says» 

"Service in the SA is and remins voluntary. Propaganda (Werbung) 

for entrance into the SA shalJ neither promise advantages nor 

exercise pressure of any kind. The SA man shall have the possibility 

to leave the SA if he no longer feels in agreement with 

the line of the SA, or if he is no longer capable of discharging 

fully the duties imposed upon him, through his membership in the Sa." 

1. Ibid. 

2. See for example ftieler Zeitung 29/30 May 1943; Marburger Zeitung 

21 June 1943; Essener National Leitung 8 December 1943. 

3. See 3, cp below,» 

4. Organisationsbuch der NSDftP, Jsg. c^t., p. 358? 365* 

5. log., p. 367. 

SECRET


Eligible for membership were persons fulfilling the following 

1 

qualifications: 

"fiLameless character" and willingness to devote oneself 

completely to tho ideas of the Führer and the tasks of the 

SA; Aryan descent; 

Worthiness of membership in the NSDAP; 

Physical ability. 

Volunteers were to report to the leader of thoir local SA Storm with 

2 

the "voluntary declaration of their wish to enter the SA." A 

special commission decided on the application after thorough ideological, 

racial, a'nd political investigation. 

Reliable figures on the strength of the SA are scarce. According 

to official Nazi sources, the SA had eleven "bands of 100" (Hundertschaften) 

in 1922; by 1930 the mombership probably exceeded one hundred thousand, 

Hitler spoke of "half a million SA nen" in 1934-^ The official Party 

statistics give the figure of 3,543,099 for 1 January 1935, after the 

Rtfna purgeo Of the membership 28.3 percent were members of the NSDAP. 

Reliable figures for the later years are not available, but the Decree 

of 19 January 1939, quoted above, rac.de membership in the SA compulsory 

for soldiers discharged fron active service. 

3. Chief Fttnctônp f^nd Activities. In dascribing the functions 

and activities of the SA, three periods must be distinguished, cor^s- 

ponding to the three nain periods in the development of the SA 

1. Had.., p. 365. 

2. Ibid. 

3. Bayer, p^g_SA0, i2£i_Sii., P. 9. 

4. Das Braune Heqi-. ^.00 Bilddokumente. Berlxn 1934, p. XIII. 

5. NSDAP Partei Statistik 1935, ed. Der Kcichsorrranisationaleiter der 

NSDAP, vol IIT, p. 70. 

SECRET


described in section 1. They are:: a. 1921.-1934: the SA as the chief 

terroristic Nazi organization; b. 1934-1939? the SA as a political and 

ideological training corps; e. 1939-1944* the SA as a para-military and 

police organization„ 

a ° ^ZL-3,934., Nasi sources enphasize the character of the SA 

as an absolutely reliable volunteer corps of militant fighters, resolved 

to carry out the war for the "conquest of, tho street" openly, as a 

irass organization, and with unconditional loyalty to the principles 

and alma of the NSD&P. In outlining the principles for the organization 

of the SA, Hitler stated that the work of the SA 

"has to be clone, not in secret conventicles, but in enormous mass 

demonstrationsf and ,.» by ,he conquest of the street9" 

and that this work required 

n a hundred thousand and i hundred thousand fanatical 

fightei-s for our view of 11«W 1 

The very size of the SA as a militant mass organization prevented it 

fron remaining a secret association, and the mass organization of the SA 

meant that 

"the fight against the State of toda;r was tr.ken out of tho 

atzaosphere of small actions of revenge ?md plotting and wa3 

lifted up to the greatness of a we i-t^schauliche war of 

destruction against Marxism and its creaturos. n< 

The emphasis on tao "conquest of the street" indicates the real 

function of tho SA during this period« it was a disciplined corps of 

fanatical Nazi fighters,organized for terrorizing the opposition and 

Ü Hitler. Stein Kampf, chapter U jloughton Mifflin edition p. 798). 

2. ibiö., p. 803. 

SECRET

i 

196 - &&M. 

chasing it fron the streets. The official SA historian admitted this 

ain: 

«Possession of the street is the key to the State power — the 

SA marched and fought for this (goal)."! 

The Horst Wegsei Song 

n 

"Clear the streets for the Erown Battalions».., 

epitomised the terroristic function of the SA. 

This terroristic function was carried out first of all by 

strictly organized, uniformed, and partly armed contingents, varying 

in strength from a hundred to many thousands, Such contingents attended 

the Nazi rallies and demonstrations fjod engaged the opposing dijmocratie 

2 

and anti-Nazi forces in regular battles. The first battles wore 

described by Hitler himself in chapter XL of Sfein Kampf. With the 

growing strength of the Nasi moveanent, the SA carried its activities 

into the workers' districts of the large cities and undertook assaults 

on newspaper offices, workers' houses, and on the residences of 

particularly hated yrolitical opponents» In almost all these cases, 

the SA justified its activities bj- explaining them as counter- 

3 

measures against "Red" provocation: • 

The second chief form of SA activity wa3 assault on political 

opponents by small groups — aasailis which often resulted in actual 

murders„ In brief, the tradition of political assassination initiated 

by the Free Corps was continued by the SA, many of whose leaders, indeed, 

2. ^'NSi^scx^tÄf ^'activities, which belonged to the 

—n— *u~ tO««Mi» R«WlbliC. SCO for eXBIBpl« 

3. JÄ^tOe Hell» M—>. » ÄlLiBtf, •*« 1933 '

»ore former Free Corps members,. 

- 137 SSS3S& 

With the ascent of -the Nasi government to power, the terroristic- 

activity of the SA was partly legalized through the incorporation of 

SA. men into the auxiliary polios force. 2 It was after this, between 

February 1933 and June 1934-, that the terroristic activity of the SA 

achieved its most brutal and broad expression •»- the pursuit, arre3t, 

torture, and internment of political, racial, and religious opponents, 

the "liquidation" of uncounted aati«>Nazis, the seizure of property, 

the occupation of trade union and labor buildings» The boycott and 

the pogroms against the Jews, too,. were in most cases instigated, 

carried out, and supervised by the SA. During the same period, the 

SA •» as mentioned above — was in charge of such concentration camps 

as had been established. It thus shares responsibility for the crimes 

committed in these camps. 

b « y?3fr«1939o During this period, beginning with the Roto 

purge, the SA receded into the background. The purge and its after 

math eliminated the "radical" elements in the SA, which had been 

characteristic of the first "revolutionary" period of the movement. 

It is not surprising that the 8A,organized on a mass basis and recruited 

chiefly from the lower strata of the city population, v.hich had been 

severely hit by the postwar crises, included manv elwm*-*-»- ** • 

1. This part of SA activity is discussed in "The jfttltuo» of i,he,i gi 

Party Toward Political Terror," HfeA Report No. 31U.1. 

2. See tho Decree Qouoted above , section 1» 

3. Much of the material is collected in the JJEgyn, Boofc on^the^.jlt. r 

Terror. London 1934» 

4. Seethe.Criminal Conspiracy Against the Jews." R&A Report. No, 3114,3. 

Numerous tjhotos have been published in the German ana other' for9J-gn 

press shaving the participation of the SA in anti-Jewish activiti.es. 

asm

- .190 •SBCKET 

took seriously the tena "socialist" in the National Socialist Party 

title, and believed in the revolutionary character and aim of the 

Hitler movement.f^Bven prior to the seizure of power, ^fn 1930-1931,) 

these elements in the Berlin SA had revolted against the growing 

"bureaucratizatlan" of the NSDAP and against the "bourgeois" tendencies 

1 

of its leadership. Otto Stressor (who separated from the NSDAP in 

1930), Walter Stennes (leader of the Berlin SA, who^SUSt to China 

around 1935), and the former Supreme Commander of the S*, Franz Pfeffer, 

were the chief exponents of the radical tendencies in the SA. Although 

the early revolt was quelled, the Nazi leadership and its conservative 

supporters among business and tlie ftshrmacht remained apprehensive 

of the danger of SA radicalism. Not until the Rchm purge of 1934 

was this danger removed once and for all and the SA made an obedient 

instrument in the hands oîhe new lirmly consolidated and bureaucrat! zed 

Hazi leadership» 

This change was »ccsrjpanied by a decline in the functions of tie 

the SA, The SA during this period became what the official Nazi hand 

books describe it to have been from the beginning» chiefly an organiza 

tion for ideological, political, pre-military, and physical training 

in the spirit of Nazism, 

young 

"In the SA, the ^SÄB? German, ..is being strengthened ideologically 

and in his character, and trained to be the bearer of National 

Socialist philosophy and id«a3. Moreover, it is the task of the 

SA to promote the military cpirit (jehrêAjt) through the 

practicing of soldierly virtues ... and to prepare tae individual 

I, See especially Otto Stressor, fflpftnteraegsel oder Revolution? Berlin 

1930, and his later writings. 

SBCBKI

, for service in the Wehxê^."^ 


"Moreover, the SA has the t&3lc of training its units for their 

utilization ($tnsafo) as a domestic-political fighting corps 

and for practical service to people and state. n ^ 

The SA remained an organisation subordinated iranediately to Hitlorj 

the Chief of Staff of the SA acted as deputy of the Fuhrer. 3 This 

arrangement indicates that the Nazi leadership continued to regard the 

Sa as an instrument of supreme Importance for the movements unconditional 

loyalty to the Führer and unquestionable obedience to the principles . 

A 

and policies of the NSDAP remainod the chief duties of every SA raan. 

The official Handbuch' der SA, which \?as published in 1938, 

is almost esxsluslvely filled v/ith detailed prescriptions for physical, 

athletic, and pre-military training. In addition to these activities, 

the SA was widely used for the numerous collections carried out by 

the Nazi regime among the population (Winter Relief Work, clothing, 

scrap, paper, and other collection*), 

c 1939-19AA. With the Fflhgar Decree of 19 January 1939, 

concentrating in the SA all pre-military and post-military training 

and incorporating into the SA Wahroannschaften soldiers discharged 

from active servie«, the SA entered a period of late revival. 

In the course of the war, tlie function of pre- and post-military 

training naturally assumed greater significance. However, this training 

was only partly designed for purely military purposes „ The development 

i- 9nrmtflrt^ h " di deT WSDAI '- lss*-£l£«» P- 358. 

2» ijääa 

3. 2b£d.., p. 358 ff. 

A. See Handbuch der SA. loc. eit„, pp. 17-18, 63-75. 

5o See sec. 1, above» 

sjßffil

- 200 - SEpBffg 

of the SÄ WehrcsaJinsGhaften. their use, and their affiliation wit i the 

numerous auxiliary police organisations which the Nazis established 

during the last years of the rêgira (City Guards, Rural Guards, Factory 

Guards, etc«) suggests that the resurrection of the SA was primarily 

designed for strengthening Nazi controls over the home front* The 

concerted ubiquitous propaganda to and for the SA, which began in 

1943, emphasized strongly the morale function of the Sk on the 

home front. 

2 

Tkö Vojilcssturn. founded by decree of 18 October 1944 as the 

last Nazi measure for the mobilisation of the civilian population for 

the fight in the homeland, dr-sw heavily from the SA in organization as 

well as personnel. Wilhelm Schepmnnn, the Chief of Staff of the SA 

was appointed Inspector for Arms Instruction, and the sub-leaders of 

***• Volfeasturm were furnished chiefly by the SA, SS, and HSKK. 3 

Special emphasis must be pieced on the fact that the SA was 

introduced and used also in German-occupied territories. Here, they 

worked in or with the other police and terror organisations of the 

German administration, chiefly in combatting partisans and ether anti- 

4 

Nasi groups. In Poland, for example, In 1942, a braneh of the SA was 

officially organised and new recruits were sworn in as late as Horch 

5 

1944. During the seme year, SA rallies took place also la Caecho- 

6 

Slovakia. 

TI The German newspapers during tads period are full of reports on 

this propaganda campaign. 

2. Transocean, 13 October 1944. 

3. IHdL—See Situation Reports Central Surope, 21 October i944.Hki 1113,S2 

4. Verordnungsblatt für daa Sanaralgouvemament, vol. 16, 1942, p. 187. 

5. Government General florae Service, 20 Jiarch 1944. 

6. Der Neue Tag, 20 June 1944. 

SECRET

201 . SECRgT 

The Sk is also reported to have participated widely in the 

functions and activities of the Gorman frontier and customs guards. 

4. Organization. The organisation of the Si is shown la the 

appended table. 

1. See SH&EP Basic Handbook* Tfre S.4 of the BSPuP» p. 7 f,

SA (Sturmabteilungen) 

STORM TROOPS 

1943-1945 

Inspectorate* 

in April 1941 Nin« W„« 

Gcaud Thoi* Activattd 

Wt>« Sirb*«qucnfly R.duc.d 

or Diieortfinucd 

EQut - * l.ad.-ih.p Tra 

Operational HQ 

Futhrungt Hauptamt 

M. JUETTNER 

ftmuotion * Employmtn 

JOSIMElER OHKI 

28 Group Commandi & Commander! 

Elfe, Clotm.'ly Mm.) 

Franken 

Hat« 

NMH 

ai of 26 January 1945 

PTIMIIII< 

Kutpfali 

MMMM* 

N.ekoi ((«im*ilv Sv.dwnO 

Nicd.rrh.in 

Ni.d.nocht.n 

CWIIIIIW 

Odtt (lormiiW CHimorW) 

Totin.nb.t) (lorm.rlir Ollland) 

«MTKÄ. 

Main Perionnel Office 

W DittU* 

L Schmuck 

G Gtaimi 

»On Schorl.*« 

A H.m, 

G. Di thorn 

Htm 

Vi.rW.eh 

W. Wtlt«t 

K Luck. 

K tOah 

F Bock 

K ROM* 

M KAa'i.n 

H Bohmh.r 

L Domion 

O Joi'.r 

H B.nr.«ck. 

A Reifet 

O H.-ioi 

F May 

W N,bb« 

H Sehen. 

K Gu.nlh.. 

H Ho • uti * 

SA Gruppe SA Gro 

SA Gtupp«njw»hr.r 

SA Bnaad« 

9-1 in GivMM 

_ -J 

Main HeaWK Office 

Gtivndhtitsbouptamt 

HOLTGRAVE (?) 

mstts 

•asx- 

V ^-.H„ .,»a> 

,p 10-30.000 m P.oc.iir 

(-6.000 irt Wortim. 

SA Stondartf (ReairMt > Mo*b»r.h,p S-4,000 m Pwetttr«, 

, " 

SA Sturmbann (Battalia 

SA Sturm {Company 

3-i0 

SAT, jpp (Waloon) 

-4 in Sturm 

"I — 

M«a>Wr>hlc B-30 >n Paootin 

SA Schar (Squad) od) I MaatnnW 1-1« u Pramm 

l-< ,. !,„„ »-t l. « ~ 

I 

Main Office for 

Competitive Sportt 

Hauptamt Kampfipi«/« 

Main Office of Intpcctor 

for Equitation 

Hauptamt Rtichtintptlttor 

fuwr R«tf- und FonrauibiJduno 

KOB 

Main Admini 

V«nvo/run 

G. 

Olho In 

V.pwoltu 

Siodlun- ft A ' 

tti« Latter Su 

4 Abu;

Oo Hitler Jugend f gl tier Youth) 


1. Definition,, The Hitler Jugend (H.J.-Hitler Youth) 

was a formation of the National Socialist Party which 

exercised control over all Gorman youth, It was originally 

a volunteer activity; soon after the Naîs» advent to 

power, it became the state-sponsored organization for youth, 

although membership still remained voluntary, but by 1939, 

HJ membership was nade compulsory for all German youth0 

2» Legal Basis«, The first fundamental decree concerning 

the Hitler Youth appeared on 1 December 1936. It provided 

thatall German youth within the Reich territory were to be 

organized in the HJ» The task of educating the Hitler 

Youth was entrusted to the Reichsjugenöfuhrer of the NSDAP, 

one of the Reichsleiter of the Party, who was henceforth 

• ••! *» •! Ill II* — • "' 

called Youth Leader of the German Reich, His office was 

in Berlin, and he was responsible directly to the Fuhrer. 

This decree was amended by two decrees of 25 March 

1939 by which membership in the Hitler Youth was made 

obligatory for all boys and ßlrla between the ages of 

10 and 18. Youths with certain physical infirmities were 

exempted, while Jews were ineligible. The amendments also 

established four categories of membership within the Hitler 

Youth and specified certain penalties for any who attempted 

to evade service in the Hitler Youtho The categories of 

toeabership will be discussed below.


3. History» The Nazi youth movement was founded as early 

as 1922 as the so-called Junendbund der NSDAP (Youth League 

of the Party) „ The name "Hitler Youth" was coined by 

Streicher in 1925. In 1926, It became a junior branch of 

the SA. In October 1931, Hitler appointed Baldur von Schi- 

rach, then leader of the National Socialist Students 

League, as Reich Youth Leader ?Rî£hîu£endf{^r) of the 

NSDAP. On 13 Bay 1932, after it had been formed by the 

Reich Government,the HJ severed connections with the SA. 

Its membership was then loss than 100,000, far below that 

of other youth organizations. 

On 17 June 1933 von Schirach was appointed Youth 

Leader of the Party for the German Reich and all other 

youth groups in Germany were put under his control. 

Despite the fact that German h*d strongly organized into 

A „Hnn^ fbv confession, political party, 

a variety of organizations \vj cuxno 

.«4,QHonB were either prohitited or 

etc), these youth organizations were 

Gradually absorbed into the HJ. By 1 December 1934, the 

HJ was declared S^tsju^ (Government-sponsored Youth); 

by that time its total membership was six million. 

The decree of 1 December 1936, although it established 

the Hitler Youth us the only legal youth organization in 

* * nvflHT service obligatory for German 

Germany, did not make HJ servx» 

i*.^ inntarv. Although enormous 

youth. Membership remained voluntary, w 

*. A w i-he Party to induce German youth, 

pressure was exerted by the party 

SECRET

- 204 - SEC BEL' 

only seven out of a possible twelve million German boys 

had joined by 1939 „ Therefore the decree of 25 March 

1939 which raade membership compulsory «ma deemed necessary» 

At the same timo, those youths who had volunteered before 

1938 were organized separately into the so-caL led Stamm 

Hitler Jugend (Nuclear Hitler Youth)j members of these 

units v/ere considered by the Hauls as the elite of German 

youth«, However, the attempt to set tMs croup apart caused 

considerable confusion and was finally abandoned» 

40 Functions of the Hitler Youth« The task of the 

—««• ••••.••• I ' • • • • • • • • I — — — — I I • -•! HI« •! I ^—' imW«l •—'•••!• 

Hitler Youth, according .to the Organ!sationsbuch der 

NSDAP, was to "educate (einfuhren) the entire German youth 

1 

in the National Socialist ideology." By educating a whole 

new generation in this way of tliinking, the Nazis hoped to 

lay the ideological foundations f©r perpetuation of the 

National Socialist state,- Adolf Hitler constantly stressed 

in his speeches to the Hitler Xbuth—and with increased 

emphasis in the months before the defeat—that they v/ere 

the future leaders of Germany and the guarantors of Germany's 

future. "In you Germany will live again and when we are 

no more than you must take up the banner, which we lifted 

2 

high out of nothingness, into your hands/' 

T7' 1943 eait'ioh, p. 437 

2, -Hitlar at the 1934 Parteitag of the NSDAP, quoted in 

Das Dritte Reich, 1934, p0 2l4 

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- 205 - SECHST 

The training g ven in the Hitler Youth was of two 

types: political and physical. Political indoctrination 

was steadily provided at every level by trained leaders; 

physical training was of such a highly technical and 

thorough nature that it was, even before 1939, training 

for war. This training began at an early age, so that 

the HJ became the chief uedium by vtfiich the Nazis were 

able to create millions of fanatical young Nazis., As many 

P/w interrogations have shown, a high proportion of 

Hitler Youth members wero, by virtue of their training, 

thoroughly militaristic, jingoistic, and completely 

loyal to Adolf Hitler, Moreover, Hitler Youth leaders 

were designated to form part of the terroristic organiza 

tions (Werwolf) established for subversive activities 

after defeat. What the Nazis intended the Hitler Youth 

to be is revealed by the following remark made by Goering 

in a speech delivered 20 October 1935 at a meeting of the 

Party Leaders in Silesia, "In the borough, in the 

province, everywhere, the Party presents the candidates 

for authoritative positions and influential leaders., 

And first of all, the future leaders of Germany will issue 

exclusively from the Hitler Youth," 

5, Structure of the Hitler Youth, The designation 

"Hitler Youth" covered the fo\ir main branches of the 

^» Quoted in Nazi Guide to Nazism, published by the 

American Council on Public Affairs,' V/ashington, D.C. 

1942. 

SECRET


organization: two for boys, and two for girls. Boys from 

14 to 10 years were organized into the HJ proper» Boys 

fron 10 to 14 years were trained in the Deutsches Jungvolk 

(DJ); Girls fron 14 to 21 years were orgaa ized in the 

Bund Deutscher Madel (BDM), and fron 10 to 14 years in the 

Jungraadelbund. A sub-section for girls of 7 to 21 known 

a, Glaube und Schönheit (Faith and Beauty) was founded in 

June 1938o Children fron 6 to 10 were supervised in the 

children's groups of the HS-Pr&uenschaft and the Deutsches 

Frauenwerk« 

Those boys and girls who completed their eighteenth 

year left the HJ and entered the other formations of the 

Party; they had their choice among the SA, SS, NSKK, end 

NSPKc A few of them were selected as members of the 

NSDAP itself» 

6„ Structure and Organization of the Reichs jugendfuhr er,, 

The policy and administration of the Hitler Youth wore 

determined by the Reichs jugendxührung (Reich Youth 

Directorate - RJF) of the National Socialist Party. Pron 

October 1931 to 1940, Baidur von Schirach headed tho 

Hitler Youth* Prom 10 August 1940 to Gorman defeat, 

Arthur Axmann held the post of Roich Youth Leader 

(Reichs fogendfuhrer)«, 

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1 

According to the Orânisationshuch der NSDAP, the 

Reichsjugendführung \va3 divid3d into six special executive 

branches and six Hauptämter» 

The executive branches were as follows: 

Zentralamt - Central office 

Auslands-und Volks tumsamt - Office for Foreign 

Relations and Germanhood in charge of the foreign 

political work of the II.T, foreign youth of German 

extraction, Volksdeutsche, travel abroad, student 

exchange? etc* 

Die BDT.T-Relchsreferentiii - in charge of women's 

branch of the HJ 

Erweiterte Klnderlandverschiokung - Extended 

Evacuation of Children 

Krlogsbetreuungsdienst - War Emergency Poster Care 

Kommandeur der AH Schulen - Cor mander of the Adolf 

Hitler Schools.. v;i£hin each Hauptamts, thore were tho 

n 

following Amter: 

aa Hauptamt I 

Personalant - Personnel Office „ Concerned with --,he 

selection of leaders, the Streifendienst (see below), 

and the supervision of criminal and political 

elements among the youth«, 

Organ isationsarat - Organisation office 

T, 1^43 ' difcidn, pp° 445 et,> seq«, 

SECRET


Axat HJ-Gerichtsbarkelt - office for Legal Affairs 

HJ. Concerned with the- punishment for evasions of 

HJ service. 

Per Mobilisations Beauftrage der Reichsjuêndfuhrung 

Delegate of the Reich Youth Directorate for Lobiliza- 

tion. 

Arbeltsausschuss Langemarck - Langemarck Working 

Committee, which took its name fror.i a battle in the 

first World War in which volunteer German student 

formations took parto 

b„ Hauptamt II 

Amt fur Wehrertuchtigung - Office for Military 

Training« Supervised the training given in the 

special units of the HJ. (Navy RJ, Motor HJ, Air HJ, 

Communications HJ, Cavalry HJ, merchant marine HJ). 

Amt fur Leibesübungen - Office for Physical Training» 

In charge of physical training, the Reichs Sport 

Academy of the HJ and BPH, and sport in foreign 

countries,, 

Amt für Fulirerausblldung und Schulen - Office for 

Training of Leaders and Schools» Concerned with 

the Academy for Youth Leadership with training of 

leaders in the unit3, with the Reichsschulen and 

schools for leaders, technical schools, and with 

questions relevant to schools and universities« 

SECRET

c0 Hauptamt III 


Amt fur üeltranschauliche Schulung - Office for 

Ideological Schooling Concerned, among other 

things, with.the Reich School for Ideological 

Training, racial political work among the youth, 

and schooling of unite and leaders«, 

Kulturamt - Office for Culture 

Presse - und Propagandaamt - In charge of the press 

in and outsido of Germany, propaganda abroad, active 

propaganda, and the film. 

ReichsInstitut for nationalsozialistische Jugen- 

darbeit - Reich Institute for National Socialist 

Youth Work. Devoted to evaluating the v/ork of 

youth and preparing a record of the achievement of 

the Hitler Youth. (The3e "war diaries" of the HJ 

would probably furnish tuseful evidence for us-a in 

the war crimes trials)» 

Reichsschrifttumstolle der Hitler Jugend - Reich 

Literary Office of the HJ. In charge of political 

literature, libraries, and the Reich youth library» 

(Thi3 latter institution night be' a useful source of 

evidence for war crimes,) 

d. Hauptamt IV 

Soziales Amt - Office for Social Affairs. In charge 

SECRET


among other things, of laws affecting youth 

community work and youth duties, the Reichbann 

for the blind and deaf, the drafting of youth for 

the Winter Aid work, political-economic and social 

teaching work, and youth social work abroad, 

Amt für Gesundheit der Hitler Jugend - Office for 

the Health of the HJ 

Ant Bauerntum und Landdienst - Office for Peasentry 

, - and Rural Service,, In charge of the farm work of 

the HJ, and vocational v.ork anong Hitler youth 

coning from fams, etc. 

e. Hauptamt V 

Bauamt - Construction Office» In Charge of con 

struction of Hitler Youth buildings. 

Amt für Heine und Herbergen - Office for Homos and 

Hostels, 

f. Hauptat.it VI 

Der Reichskassenvcrwalzer der Hitlor Jugend - Reich 

Treasurer of the HJ. Also included the Office for 

Legal Administration, Economic Office, etc The 

sections and sub-sections of the Krater were 

res ctlvely known as Hauptabteilungen and 

Abteilungen. 

7. Organization of the Hitler Youth. The HJ in Greater 

Gersmny was organized Int.o for ty-t.hr a a vsgior.'- et«), 

Sash Gebidt »as faaadöd by a ^sbieta-f'unrer- at the head of 

SECHST


the Gebietsführung (regional directorate), which, in turn, 

was organizod into Hauptabteilungen, The functions of the 

latter sections generally corresponded to those of the 

Hauptänter of the Reichs jugondf^hrung, The Gebietsführung 

carried out the policies established for the regions by 

the Reichs jugendfiuirung, 

The highest local authority on all natters 

concerning German yoiith was the HJ Standort (IIJ Garrison) 

under the cowhand of the Standortführer, frequently a 

Dannfuhrer» 

Below the Gebiet, the HJ was organized Into the 

Bann (regiment), which were composed of 4 to 8 Stamme; 

the Staran (Tribe) was composed of 3 to 5 Gefolgschaften; 

the Gefolgschaft (company) was composed of 4 Scharen; 

the Schar (platoon) wes composed of 4 Kameradschaften, 

(Comradeship); each Kameradschaft was made up of 

approximately ten individuals, 

Prom the top officials down through the Bann führ er, 

HJ leaders were paid on a full-time basis. There were 

about 30,OCX) of these altogether. But even Scharführer 

and Gefolgschaftfuhrer would receive pay in cases of unusual 

zeal, 

• e. Hitler Youth Activities. Even before the outbreak 

of the war, pre-mllitary training was the most important 

work of the IIJ» The oath which tlie little Plmpf (Cub) of 

SECRET

m 212 - SECRET 

ten had to sv/ear to the Fuhrer on his acceptance into the 

Jungvolk, and which he repeated twice aftor, the second 

time Vitien he v/as accepted into the Party or one of the 

Party formations, ran as follows: 

"In the presence of this bloodflag which represents 

our Führer, I swear to devote all my energies, all ray 

strength to the savior of our country, Adolf Hitler« 1 

an, willing and ready to give up ray life* for him, so help 

nie God* One People, one Reich, one Führer." (Emphasis 

supplied) 

Besides general military training from an early 

age (marching, drilling, map-reading, field exercises, 

shooting), special formations of German youth were already 

receiving special military training (Sonderausbildung)in 

1 

peacetime. These units, including Flying Units, Naval 

Units, notorized Units, Signal Units, and Mountaineering 

Units, will be described helow. Apart from this specialized 

training, general military training was given in the 

regular units of the HJ. After the outbreak of the war, 

from the age of sixteen this training was intensified 

and every member of the highest age class (seventeen) 

had to undergo a final urse in a pro-military camp 

Q7_ehrertuchtipunr,3lager), which is described below, 

T.—See British' Handbook on Youth, (1853 - IIBG. - Pto II), 

p. 797» 

SECRET


In wartime the other duties of the HJ members 

1 

increased. According to ras Junge Deutschland, the 

official organ of the HJ, the war service performed by 

the Hitler Youth into was divided into several classifi 

cations: 

Service with the Party, including dispatch and guard 

duties with the authorities and distribution of propaganda 

materialo 

Service for the state and municipalities, including 

duties in ARP Service, the Pire Service, the Reich Postal 

Service, auxiliary service with the police and authorities, 

e0g„ distribution of ration cards, guide service in tho 

blackout, and railway station service. 

Service with the Armod Forces; messenger and 

dispatch service (e,g, the distribution of call-up 

orders), distributing food to soldiers in transport, 

assisting in local telephone service, 

Service with Trade and Industry; distribution of 

food, stevedoring, sales assistance» 

Service with the V/inter Kellef Scheme; Reich Street 

Collection, salvage collection, collection of firewood, 

leaves, medical plants, and wild berries, book collections„ 

Land and Harvest Service 

Domestic and Auxiliary Service with HSV 

Ta News 'Digest #1039, 25 January 1943 

SECRET


Work in the National Health and Cultural Services 

(e.g., entertaining wounded soldiers). 

sC, Relation of the Hitler Youth to 1 the traditional 

institutions of education« In order to naintain the 

Party«s hold over the youth, the Hitler Youth changed 

gradually from an extra-curricular activity to the chief 

source of political education for youth. Most of the 

time not spent at school was given over to HJ activitya 

The other political and confessional youth organizations, 

vhlch had flourished before the Nazis' rise to pow


have been reported of the mob "line of Catholic clergymen 

by IIJ groups., Tho outlawing of the Catholic youth croups 

V7as itself a violation of ah agreement with the Church. 

As far as the schools wore concerned, the Hitler 

Youth succeeded in using up a good part of the time 

formerly spent by the students on acadei.ilc studies. So 

much friction was caused between the school authorities 

and the HJ by the increasing demands of the latter on the 

time of the stx-dents that an agreement had to be made 

between the Reich Youth Leader and the Reich Minister of 

1 

Education,, The settlement provided for the following 

program: two afternoons a week were allotted for HJ 

activities, the students' time during holidays and vaca 

tions was to be at HJ's disposal, and in cases of 

* 

emergency students were to be permitted to leave school • 

during teaching hours for HJ duties, 

• b, Cooperation with the Party, Party Formations, 

and other Reich organizations. Cooperation and contacts 

with the Party were very close on tue leadersliip level„ 

For example, requests to hold meetings, marches, and 

similar events had to be channeled through the Party, 

But more Important, of course, is the fact that the HJ 

served as a reservoir for Party personnel. Hitler Youth 

leaders over 17 years of age, for instance, could be 

V, CA Handbook II 356-15, p. 7 

SECRET

- 216 - SEC ET 

appointed to positions as prtsgrupponleiter. The leader 

ship schools of the HJ were run in collaboration with 

high Party authorities„ The cream of the HJ organisation 

was taken into the Party« 

Cooperation between the SS and the HJ was three 

fold: through the Hitler Youth Patrol Service 

(Streifendienst), for which the SS provided officers and 

from which HJ recruits for the SS were mainly drawn; 

through the military training; camps of the HJ, for which 

tiie Haffen-SS as well as the Array provided instructors; 

and through the Land Service (Landdienst), for which the 

2 

SS also provided officers„ A striking instance of the 

relationship was provided by the 12th SS panzer Division 

3 

which bore the name "Hitler Jugend. 1 * Formed in the summer 

of 1943 in'Belgium, it consisted lar; ely of recruits from 

y/ehrertuchtigungslager (see below) of the Hitler Youth and 

of cadres from the SS panzer Division "Leibstandarte S3 

Adolf Hitler," Reich Youth Leader Arthur Axmann paid 

tribute to members of this division killed in action and 

stated that the division had become an example of fighting 

•;outh. for a rreat number of volunteers from the HJ were 

4 

"ready to fill the gaps in this division«" Furthermore, 

To Organlsationsbuch der HSDAP, 1943, p. 81-02 

2. SHAEF Handbook - the Allgemeine SS, p. K 7, CID 27751 

3. HID Order of Ba tie of~ r Eh~c~Ge"rman Army, p* 343 

4. DKB, 2b" September 1Ü42, quoted in the 0171 European 

News Digest 

SECRET 

1

~ 217 - SECRET 

cooperation among the Ri-.ichsjug. ndfuhrung, the Hitler 

Jugend Gebiete (Regions), and Ant Dl of the SS v/as developed 

for the purpose of recruitinr SS Helferinnen (Peraale 

1 

Signal Auxiliaries)«, 

Cooperation with the Array was maintained in the 

operation of the Wehrertuchtlgungslagor«, The 0KV7 and 

the three branches of the services each had a professional 

officer as liaison with the Reichsjugendfuhrung; the latter, 

in turn, had advisors in youth affairs (HJ Referenten) 

attached to each High Command» Similar liaison existed 

between the V/ehrkreis Army Corps Area Commands and lower 

units of the HJ« 

9„ Activities Bearing Direct Relations to War Crimes 

Attitudeo 

a. Indoctrination in Chauvinistic and Warlike 

i„ VTlthin the HJ organization, Daldur von 

Schirach, Die Hitler Jucend - Idee und Gestalt, summed up 

the part that, ideological training played in the Hitler 

Youth when he stated that the "Hitler Youth is a co munity 

2 

of ideology and a specific indoctrination, n He went on to 

say that "whoever marches'in the Hitler Youth Is no mimber 

3 

among millions, but the soldier of an idea." The schooling 

of the HJ, according to Schirach, v/as to be conducted by 

T.—SHAETTTDTsT^Reoort No, SS Helferinnen CID 124562 

2. op.cit p0 130 

3. Ibid, p„ 130 

SECRET


comrades "who have arisen out of the ranks of the IIJ and 

the stru^clcs of national Socialism," 

At lease one weekly neeting of a HJ local.unit was 

Civen over to lectures by trained political loaders. These 

meeting, called Heinabende (campfire meotinGs), were 

held in special Hitler Youth homes, the construction of 

which was obligatory in communities of More than three 

hundred inhabitants. In addition to attendlnG the 

Heimabend, the Hitler Youth alao spent a week or two in 

HJ camps. Schirach wrote that a camp provided the most 

ideal form of life for youth. Even there indoctrinating 

was part of the curriculum which included cymnastlcs, 

tournaments, slnginc, and Ideological training 

The playtime of the youngsters in the HJ was 

filled with Glorification of militarism and stress on 

• the superiority of the Germans and their "Mission" to 

cenquer the rest of the world. Two sonCs from the IIJ 

Liederbuch (published by the IIJ district leadership of 

fiuhr-Niederrhein) £ive succinct evidence of „hat the 

younc" German learned in the ranks of the IIJ: 

T nnnTt Know the Way 

m},fil,P are surely enough streets 

in ?he red land of Prance, rich of crapes, 

in her white mountains, the Alps, 

in the black swamps and sand of Russia, 

n ibid p. la! 

24 op cit., p* 107 

SECRET

219 - . SECRET 

There are plenty of streets 

But if there were three times nore, 

The German victory banners would fly over 

them all, 

We are the army of the Swastika 

Vie conclude no brotherly pact, 

Not with Jewish nor with Welsh foreign people 

Because they falsified German Liberty 

We conclude no brotherly pact with tyrants 

Even if they condemn us to deepest misery» 

We conclude no-brotherly pact with cowards 

Because we must overthrow the meanness of 

Europe. 

Look - What Power 

Nov; brave sword, deeply honored, show your 

value, 

Brilliant steel, break our torture with your 

flames 

Smash to the ground those who dishonor our 

hero 

The blood of these bastards shall splash our 

doors 

Our road goes over ruins and dead bodies; 

Cowardly knights of the hangman, come onS 

We sliall defend you, Fatherland. 

The blood of the false enemy will flow like 

a stream« •*• 

Songs of this typo were always sung while hiking, 

camping, traveling tlirough Germany, and while staying at 

HJ hostels. 

The Hitler Youth was further Indoctrinated by means 

of the official HJ periodical Wille und Dacht (Will and 

1 1 1 t 

Might) and the Jugendfumstunden (organized film performances) 

In addition, propaganda troops for the presentation 

of pageants and plays expounding Nazi ideology were formed. 

Tl Translated in "For the German Youth" by Heinrich Mann, 

prepared for the World Peace Congress of Youth in New 

York, pD. 15 and 16. 

2. CA Handbook 356-15 - Education, p. 0 

SECHET


Every Gebiet and some Banne maintained a Kpielschar 

1 

(propaganda troop)„ 

ii» In the School System, In order to assure 

the ideolocical and political coordination of youth, the 

HJ established close contact and supervision over the 

activities and edxicational prop,ran of public schools«, 

Controllinp the schools was not difficult, since all the 

students belonged to the HJ and all teachers v/ere organized 

in the National Socialist Teachers' Leapue, an affiliated 

organization of the Party» Moreover the future teacher 

was henceforth to be drawn from the HJ. "The new 

generation tc be educated in the collepec for training of 

teachers is to be chosen exclusively fron the ranks of 

the Hitler Youth and the EDM," said the Reich Leader of 

University Lecturers at a meeting of ITS Lecturers, on 

2 

5 March 1933, 

The inpact of the Hitler Youth indoctrination was 

3 

made widely felt by a number of developments: 

1» Hitler Youth leaders were given preference 

in appointments to positions, 

2» The Hitler Youth was represented in all 

schools by a trustee teacher. 

3«. The Hitler Youth had a representative 

on every school council. 

4. Hitler Youth leaders among the students 

v/ere chosen as class leaders;. 

V. SIIAEP - E.T5.S0/G/5 The Hitler Youth, p. 19 

2. Quoted 'in Nazism, p. 147 

3. CA Handbook LI 356-15 - Education, pp. S, 7 

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iii„ In special Part/ schools, The KJ 

established raany schools of its own in order to train the 

future leaders of the organization and of Germany., 

(1) Gebietsführerschulen controlled by the 

Gebletsführung (regional directorate), served as 

training centers for leaders and potential leaders» The 

students were trained to fill posts within the structure 

of the Gebiete 

In 1936 a three-weeks course at a Geb1e t s schule 

included sixty-five hours of ideological training, out of 

a total of 175a These sixty-five hours covered political 

instruction, current affairs, Helmabend and preparations 

for then, singing instruction, and "discissions»" BD 1 

leaders wera given special instmiction in heredity, racial 

1 

theory, and population policy, 

(2) Reichsführerschulen (Reich Leader schools) 

'These schools were attended by the cream of Reich youth. 

The HJ leadership training scheme for 1943-1944 listed 

fifteen subjects to be studied by the would-be leaders, 

and stated the ultimate aim of these course as follows: 

"They will have achieved their object when their members 

are able, with sure and unerring instinct, to coordinate 

historical events, both past and present; the manifestations 

of every-day life and all the prospects of our future as 

a race v/lthin the total picture of our ideology« It will 

To—See the DrTETsh Handbook, p. 799. Von Schirach at p. 138 

of Die IIxtler Jugend gives a somewhat smaller number of 

hours. ÜUL Jlllü büOhT'ls dated 1934» 

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then be easier for our leaders to educate the boys and 

girls in their charge to become fanatical upholders of , 

the Nazi ideology." 

There were four of these schools, the most important 

and best known being the Akademie für Juêndfuhrung in 

Brunswick, which opened on 10 February 1938. The teaching 

ataff consisted of reliable HS teachers- According to 

one source, successful completion of studies at the 

Akademie entitled the student to the diploma of Youth 

Leader and an appointment as Pannführer, The graduate 

was compelled to remain in the service of the Hitler Youth 

for twelve years, after which he could choose Party or 

2 

government service* 

(3) Adolf Hitlsr Schulen. These schools were 

organized b, the Reich Youth Leader in 1937, in 

collaboration with Alfred Rosenberg, director of the 

educational training program of the Party, and Robert Ley, 

Reich Leader of HSDAP organizations» Although it had 

been planned to have one of these schools in each Gau, 

the project v;as never completed; the number of these schools 

eventually opened was reported to range from 11 to 14, 

The Arinlf Hitler Schulen were free boarding schools 

designed to provide secondary education for those who 

needed special assistance. Each school pas directly under 

1. Quoted In the Tîtlsh Handbook, p. 000 

2. CA Handbook I.I 356-15, PP 81-8d 

3. For one list, nee ibid, p. 76. SECRET


the supervision of the respective NSDAP Gauleiter (?arty 

district Executive),, 

Students were selected with utmost care from the 

Deutsches Juncvolkc Upon craduafeion, the students were 

free to choose any career. Of the first ^raduatinc class 

in 1943, 67 percent aspired to political* oositions in the 

1 

Party, One-fourth of all AH Schulen graduates v/ero selected 

to reassemble after seven yeart of Party and HJ work and 

2 

to enter one of the Ordensburgen (Order Castles), where 

they were trained to become the I'uture mastex's of Germany» 

b« Dis crluination«, The Nazi racial laws were 

applied by the Hitler Youth, since "hon-Aryans" were not 

3 

permitted to join the orcani nD 

c« Violation of Interactional Lay/» Hitler Youth 

appears to have been instrumental in the killinc of Allied 

PW'So Division Co .mander Kraemer of SS Panzer Division 

"Hitler Youth" is reported to ha-ve said to his division. - 

"I ask you and expect of you r.ot to take any prisoners, 

v/ith the possible exception of officers vsrho nicht be kept 

•4 

alive for the purpose of questior.ine»" 

5 

do Coordination. Schii ach states that the first 

T. Ibid, p. TlL 

2. See "The Nazi Party" Parts I and II, It & A #311307. 

3. OrganJ satsionsbuch der NSDAP, 1943, p, 430, 

4. Plain Cable #765 American Location Berne, 20 February 

1945. 

5. Die Hitler Jurend, p. 36, 

—^^— SECRET


thing he undertook was the dissolution of the Gross 

deutsches Bund, He had already forbidden "Marxist Youth", 

as well as all political youth organizations. The above- 

cited official decrees tell the rest of the story*. 

o, Terror, 

i„' nobbing of Catholic clergy» Hitler Youth 

members took an active part in attacking Catholic Church 

2 

leaders on several occasions. 

The Bishop of Trier, in a leb er of 15 August 1935 

to Baldur von Schirach,'stated that »this kind of brutality 

has hitherto been unknown to me....I feel compelled to note 

that official persons in the Rhineland make propaganda for 

the Hitler Youth by exercising an incredible terror and 

moral compulsion against teachers,an act which is un- 

3 

worthy of a cix'ilized nation." 4 

iio 

The Streifendienst (Patrol Service - SRD) 

The SRD was the cadet formation (Nachwuchsorganisation) 

of the SS, according to an agreement concluded between 

the T^chsûrendfuhrung and the Rîc^s^^ng^SS, The 

most disciplined and ardent Nazi youth, were to be found 

in this, service. Applicants from the SRD for the SS 

«. _ -__—., ^.'oriDtion of the neasure used by 

1. For a detailed

.. 225 - SECRET 

were passed on by a board of hiGH HJ and SS leaders, who 

applied the riCorous standards cf the ordinal Allgemeine 

SS. 

It was originally founded in 1933 for the purpose of 

breaking up oppositional youth movements and also to act as 

a disciplinary force within the HJ. Its role chained some 

what after that time, but general disciplinary supervision 

and counter-intelligence work seem to have been its duties. 

in 1942 the SED became a full-time service and a special 

formation of the HJ, In 1944 police duties over refractory 

youth were given to flbenfachu^^ (supervisory 

offices) of the HJ; it is not known whether they replaced 

or supplemented the 3RD in this respect. In April 1944, 

training of the 3RD was given over to the OrdnH^ßjp^lizei 

because of the shortage of trained S3 personnel, 

The following activities of the'SRD have been 

reported, and are of such a nature that they n*y have 

been closely related to war crimes:- 

1 Rollkommandos: pursuit detachments, 

„ d e d by'ss to%opTOath.s Head) leaders 

V A^ C ilia??es q of the Si^rîtsôlizel 

(Security Police^nder the orders-oT^curlty ,oxxee 

Officials 

A^ng th. instructors of the «D were HJ officers, 

SS officers, Police officers, aceta^ officers, and 

Sicherbeltsdienst officers* 

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Below are other functions carried out at various 

times by the SRD which soera either to have been transferred 

to other organizations or discontinued altogether, 

^•" Frontier Patrol Service (SRD an der Grenze)., 

Inspection of youth entering and leaving Geman territory, 

in order to prevent the escape cf enemies of the regime and 

the entry of persons who were potentially anti-Nazi. 

2e Counter-intelligence Index (GegnorkarteJpe 

Collection of information on the political opposition., 

to Militarization. Intensive preparation for war 

was one of the cardinal principles of the Hitler Youth 

from its inception, In describing the rise of the US move 

ment, Schirach says that many attempts had been made to 

bring about a synthesis of youth and a militaristic move- 

1 

aent (Wehrbewegung) „ Geman youth did not play at being 

soldiers but received a thorough physical, mental, and 

intellectual preparation for service in the Armed Forces» 

Even the sports activities were devised to provide che 

maximum of Military training« 

la Institutions at which physical education was 

formally stressed were known as the ffat1onealpollt1ache 

SPzlehungaanstalten (abbreviated as Najjolis) 0 

These v:ere 

first decreed on 20 April 19330 After 1941 they we:-e 

supervised by an Inspectorate headed by SS pherfuhrer 

1« Op clt» p., 15 

SECRET .


Heissmeyer0 Host of the teachers were St men. Each 

school was considered as a separate unit of the Hitler 

Youth and was led by a Bannfuhrgr;. The curriculum was 

like that of an ordinary secondary school- with special 

eiaphasis on sports, Jn order ;o graduate the pupil had to 

win the SA sport badge* Almost all of the graduates of 

the Ilapolis chose military careers« 

ii6 V/ith the purpose of increasing the supply of 

manpower for the Armed forces, formal pre-military 

training under direct supervision of the Armed Forces was 

introduced in 1942„ 

(1) v.'ehrertlichtt gungslager (Pre*Uilitary 

Training Camps - WED). Every 17-year old boy was reqr.ired 

to take a three-weeks basic course at one of these camps 

before being drafted for labor service or before entering 

the Army. Intensified ideo3ogiciX training was introduced 

1 

intc those camps in June 1944. As a result of the 

training, up to 30 percent of tho boys volunteered for the 

Army. 

There were about 300 of these camps in Greater 

Germany„ Instructors were officers of the Army or bhe 

'affen-SS. The director of the Camp was an Army officer 

0 had formerly been &HJ leader. Professional or uemi- 

professional riJ leaders served as assistants and 

-• HachrIchtendioiist Deutscher neltungjrvarleger 27 June 

"n54T1qiuoTec[ in News Digest7 #N8öT~' 

SECRET"

administrators„ 

£28 ~ SECRET 

There were special UEL for recruits for the Luft 

waffe, the Navy, and the üaffen-SS; the notorized and • 

sicnal troops had their own {groups of ca/ips. At the end 

of the course the students received a Kriepsauabildunes- 

schein (V/ar Training Certificate)« 

in a telegram to Axmann on the occasion of the 

anniversary of UEL day, Adolf Hitler stated that »a 

soldierly way of thinking and acting;, based on the ^ 

. a T^r-r i!> i.j tne Hip alJ1 aim oi of this education." 

national Socialist ideolocy, 

(2) ?,ondereinheiten (Special Units). Thirty- 

five percent of each HJ ace «roup had to supplement their 

basic traininc In special service units, «here they 

acquired a rudi^ntary knowledce of the various branches 

TTT MPribers of specialist units 

of military service, HJ memoes UJ. V 

„nffi c.~y,nr*»n. or attended a special 

were organized into separate Scharen, 

V/EL. 

(a) Nachîcht^n^KJ (Signals). This service 

prepared boys for'duty in the signal unios of the Army and 

Air Force. Training; was conducted under direct supervi - 

sion of the Armed Forces, 

(b) Motor HJ. This service, founded in 

1939, was- desired to train future recruits for the 

motorized and armored divisions of the Army, 

17 FCC: TScEeT, 4 September 1943 

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(c) Marine HJ. This service furnished 

replacements for the ITavy and Merchant Llartne. Traininc 

was under the supervision of naval personnel, and 

included practically all phases of naval activities, 

(d) Flieder HJ (Aviation HJ). This service 

prepared boys for service in the German Air Force. Training 

controlled by the Oberkommando der Luftwaffe (Air 

Force High Corinna) but instructors, establishments, and 

training equipment were furnished by the NSFK (National 

Socialist Plying Corps). 

(e) Gebj££^HJ (Mountaineers). This service 

provided mountain training in preparations for future 

1 

service with mountain troops. 

6. Infiltration. On 3:. December 1957 Schlrach 

delivered a speech in which ho said that »in the cosine 

year the werk of the Hitler louth will «erve the Great ai^ 

, Mj „ fr^rv, *• ha German to foreign youth." 

of building new bridges from tne ueraw* o- 

This was but one In a series of such speeches, while Schl 

rach claimed that no propaeanda was intended, Heinrich 

.. « „.- „fi,.f oerman publications cave hiia the 

Harm points out that other mm r 

He. ...~-w.„ runner MannholS of 10 October 1937, 

doalinc with the foreign rolatioua of the Hitler Youth, 

'fnol tiout cautiously and reconnoiter 

said that youth can feex our, ^îox 

* »,0« the official policies of their 

the territory abroad where one o-ixo 

_. , „mVwi tm-Tßi» Youth" was consulted for 

r.- The SKAET-Handbook «The ***& f3. 

later phases of the HJ a-^j. v ~^~ 4R 

2. Quo?ed in Heinrich Mann, op0 cit. P» ^8. 

• SECRET

.. 230 - SECRET 

1 

country are no longer allowed to expose thcnselves." 

As early as 1933, a foreign department was set up 

in the Reichs jupendführung. Thar© was also created a 

bureau called the "n^gT^^lle fur Volksdeutsche 

Jugendarbeit. The object of this bureau, which had a 

special sub-department Mlttelstolle nmitscher Junend In 

Europa, was to instil Nazi ideas into young members of 

ethnic Gemen Croups all over the world and particularly 

in Eastern and Southeastern Europet The foreign department 

had its own Press Service and special news sheets. All 

Reich German youths living abroad were forced" to join the 

special Foreign Territory Section (Gebiet Ausland). The 

periodical Voliynd Reich was issued for their consumption, 

as vms a mass of literature polished by the mrectorate, 

in addition, the central office of the RJP cooperated 

closely with the A^lande^rgîsation of the TISDAP, the 

Deutsches Ausland-Institut, and the Volkshund fur das 

Deutschtum in Ausland. 

Pull fledEed Hitler You«, organizations were 

or-ßanized in the Sudetenland and Austria. Units of this 

fbnation were established In Luxemburg. Alsace, Lorraine, 

«d parts of Poland in the wake of Nazi viotorles. In 

other countries, not annexed but occupied, local youth 

r- 4- ,o tr-i tier Youth v,rere 

organizations in imitation of t.» Hitler 10 

in Quotec IbioT, p. 49 r^ was consulted, 

2» The British Handbook, pp» UJ» 

a:.:ong others, ioi^thxs section. 

SECRET


1 

promoted as far as possible. Hitler Youth Loaders visited 

abroad; and Germany was toured by Hitler Youth leaders 

fron these foreign countries„ 

Schlrach attempted to consolidate European youth 

in September 1942, Deputations of European youth from 14 

different European nations were invited to Vienna» At 

this meetlne a »League of European Youth" (Europaischer 

Jur.endverband) was founded» The purpose of the League was 

declared to be the «unequivocal adherence to the reconstruc 

tion of the New Europe,» 3 Schirach was an honorary President 

and Axmann an acting President of this League. The League 

published its own monthly periodical Junges Europa (Young 

Europe), appearing in twelve different languages. 

10. Tvi^,HnT»w of HJ Guilty of War Crimes, 

inasmuch as the HJ was an organization with 

compulsory membership for the whole of German youth, 

responsibility for crimes committed cannot be attributed 

to all members. Yet those who were guilty of setting 

policy and administering the HJ bear a heavy responsibility 

.4.X.-J *,., the orpaiization« The entire 

for war crimes committed t>j ^ Ui t>» 

** ~A «iiit-v for this reason, but certain 

RJP may be considered guilty iox 

__ „— .. ,_ v,ararraph derived from Ernst o. P. 

G^r?he°orcSnSatl^n o^ the Hitler Youth in Qemany. 

2 

$kc!af öerraan Broadcase to 3emmny. FCC: Dally 

7 September 1942 

3» British Handbook p0 üüü 

SECRET

ti 

Hauptämter nay be especially singled out: 

232 ~ SECRET 

Hauptamt I: Personalamt (in charge of the 

Streifendienst)., Responsible Cor terror* 

All of Hauptamt II: Office for Military Training 

[Office for Physical Training - responsible for militariza 

tion, Office for Training of Leaders and Schools - 

|responsible for Indoctrination* 

Hauptamt III: Office for Ideological Training - 

•responsible for indoctrination* Press ar.d Propaganda 

Office - responsible for indoctrination and infiltration» 

tion , 

Hauptamt IV; Soziales Amt - responsible for infiltra 

The Gebietsfuhrung, which aduinistei-ed every 

"region", should bear responsibility for war crimes, with 

special emphasis on the Hauptabta 1 lungen corresponding to 

the above-mentioned Hauptämter., 

All paid leaders in the HJ may be held responsible, 

|bhe severity of their punishment to depend on their place 

In the hierarchy. 

Teachers at the various schools conducted by the RJF 

iy be singled out, especially those who gave courses in 

Geological training., 

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R & A No. 3113.7 / Principal Nazi Organizations Involved in the ...

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